The Express.
London, England, 1851-09-25 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 25, 1851.

proportion of my countrymen, as a settlement that
an be advantageous to the paramount interest of
all the rest, and I have newer for an instant I
despaired of its revision rind then he proceeds to
I argue the question , in terns that might hive sieved
• foe a les&r for the Mora* Posts ken t• the
League agitation had made protectionist fallacies
patent to the meanit msiMltaadtng, ana et which
we have no doubt, oar respected contemporary Would
at this moment be heartily ashamed. And amongst
the most prominent nt his.argionents is that in whicli
Sir EDWARD LsTrox urges that free-trade lia corn
must depress the wages of English labourers. Why,
if the literary baronet could have passed from the
ideal world of his library, and gone not into his
own•fields, but into the fields'of tho best farmers
of his county, he would have found that
the demand toe labour, aye, for agriculture]
labour is great and increasing, and that the
rural labourers are better paid, and their real
measured in food and comforts, higher noWVII4DI
they ever were before.
With reference to this county candidateship of Sir
EDWARD
Lenore, we happen to know some of
the circumstances of its origin and progress. Since
1934, when Sir EDWARD'S TOW and n were at the
service of the whigs, he has succeeded succeededpto his mother's
estate in Hertfordshire, and has become notorious as
a high territorial aristocrat, and has earned a cha-
racter amongst the farmers of the county
which renders it highly improbable that he
could meet nith any two dozen of them who would
give him their spontaneous votes. But the landocracy
of the county, knowing him as one of themselves, felt
that his quondam and quasi-liberalism might be
useful in these times, and that his political somno-
lency for the last ten years enabled him to be brought
ou. as a whig, who had left his party for the sake of
protection. they, therefore, adopted him as a can-
didate. A requisition was sent about amongst the
fanners by the regular tory agents, and so luke-
warm were they, and so reluctant to sign the mini-
; olden, that a very short time ago it was doubtful
, whether enough signatures could bo obtained
to render the document presentable at all.
Probably the land agent's whip has been ap-
plied to the tenant farmers, for the requisition,
it seems, has been presented and answered.l
But let there be no mistake, Sir EDWARD LYTTON
comes before the constituency of Ilertfordshire, not
by virtue of his antiquated and untenable notions on
protection, but as the cadet and nominee of the tory
territorial party of that county, of whom Lord SAWS-
. BURY is head and animator. . .

more and more. Nothing ma be more opportune or
adroit than to seise a visawat eiroactermed by a
thossandasts of oeursseiaa, •aad bed against the
' • at thsimeif ths Asembly'e morning.
repeal of the law d May. Maaavrhile it as
tole doubted that the &au* would "t
n giro% but for the sonvietioa that it would
fallowing wager in the speech- of M. Leon
Feadise, at the dialler of Gm amours Agrioole of
proililtrikjai"lefiaaid de blvte.ll/1116,-flauchsttenntitoton,
disiseird--henisr bribe le of
the esestiteliea te the swakelfelkef Lek Napoleon.
expemila meet eammemeed ea ea imprudent is
is Males - " •
Dermisa MaulsS Oa pima day a vulgar virtue,
Nr argoosotatay boo and 'el sm. daily. It is for citizens,
puma Wrowassmose. yam row. is for soldiers
tail Ire et the assany. Tea rearestee wan what height
mg !isle die Arm at Pohross7_, You know how
Ibe bad Louis Napoleon, made use
aline to 881188. One last barrier stops us ;
but It will net stead Wan *se , disintssested,
ad parietal axes of er seism to destroy or to
Mow It. I lave milk Ibis devotion in the
ClAday was a ease I that, with you, and
representalvesAlembe b smssthed, and the way is
met. Public spirit in or limporrmat is not only Area and
neekellte ; it has to boot the boldness sad re.
mom for setting an Prom Chabot QUINN
seer 1849, the first cry revision ; that cry which
in 1861 was echoed by the signatures of 1,7001000
petitioners and the votes of 80 council•gcnerals. You
have, gentlemen, clearly indicated the end ; and, emerding
to your custom, you have not allowed yourselves to be
diverted from your purpose. You have done this, without
either agitation or excitement, like men who know that
France has attained her ungordy, and no obstacle can sew
nor any bond enchain her will.
Serious democratic disturbances are alleged to
have broken out in the Chcr. A considerable armed
force, accompanied by the procureur of the republic,
has left Paris to-day by the Boucges railway, for St.
Amend. Several arrests have taken place, and some
of the prisoners are said to have been concerned in
the great fire at MM. Metairie's iron works.
The department abounds in secret societies, where
oaths are administered.
In answer to tho applications which have been
made by foreign governments to the British cabinet,
on the subject of effectually controlling the opera-
tions of democratic refugees, I am informed that
Lord I'almerston has promised to keep a proper sur-
veillance over the associations, but not over the per-
sons of the refugees.
From explanations given by the Ordre the pro-
motion of M. Leon Faucher to the rank of com-
mander of the Legion of Houour seems to have been
the result of a mistake on the part of the President
himself, which it will be difficult to rectify. M.
Leon Faucher had not solicited the distinction. The
President spontaneously determined to confer it upon
him, and, without speaking to any one, satisfied
himself that the minister was eligible, because; he
observed his name in an almanac, followed by the
letter 0, which is the designation of officers of the
legion. When 31. L. Faucher received the unex-
pected favour, in the midst of the ceremony of laying
the first stone of the new markets, ho did not feel at
liberty to remonstrate; but the next day he informed
the President that, so far from being an officer, he
was not even a chevalier of the legion. Tho 0 in
the almanac was a mistake. In this difficulty the
President sent for Marshal Excelmans, the grand
chancellor of the legion, and begged of him to search
for precedents, and to devise moans, if possible, to
effectuate the appointment. Tho marshal found one
exception only to the rules of the order, iu the case of
31. Dloli, who in the space of one
.year had been
promoted by Louis Philippe from a simple chevalier
Ito the rank of a grand officer. Ile however thought
that this precedent was not in point, and, for his own
part, declined to register the decree appointing
M. Leon Faucher. It was then suggested that M.
Faucher had better resign, but the minister replied
that, having worn the cross, having seen his appoint-
ment in all the papers, and been congratulated upon
it by his friends, ho could not possibly give it up.
Di. 'Weber, the keeper of the seals, was then con-
sulted, and he was of opinion that it was impossible
to frame any decree which a minister could sign to
get over the difficulty. As nothing can appear offi-
cially in the Monifeur without a ministerial counter-
sign, the President cannot personally procure the
nomination to be inserted. Thus stands the affair
for the present. It is clear that, for the future, el-
manacles must be distrusted; but, what is far from
clear, is the footing upon which the order of the
Legion of Honour will be with respect to the now
wearer of a commander's cross.
The President is gone to spend some days at St.
Cloud. Cabinet-councils will be held alternately
there and at the Elys'e.
M. Proudhon, who is permitted from time to time
to emerge from the confinement of his prison, was
present last night with his young wife at the repre-
sentation of the Theatre Francaiec.
A very destructive fire broke out on Sunday night
in a manufactory at Angers, belonging to M. Oriolle,
who employs 400 work-people. A strong north-cast
wind blew large masses of burning wool to tho other
side of the river, and greatly endangered the town.
Incendiarism, unfortunately now prevalent in some
parts of France, is suspected, but no reliable accounts
of the origin of the fire have been received.
The establishment in Algeria of lines of communi-
cation by electric telegraph has been seriously set
about. One is laying down between Blidah and
Medeah.
The widow of Lopez is at prnt in Paris. She
has been separated from him fora long time. She
belongs to a wealthy family of Cuba.
The Univers publishes the first part of a pamphlet,
in reply to that of Mr. Gladstone, respecting the
treatment of political prisoners in Naples. This reply
is said to be official. The portion already given by
the Univers does not go into the details of Mr. Glad-
stone's accusations, but declares them generally to be
false, and reproaches Mr. Gladstone with having
sought for and obtained his information from sources
unworthy of credit.
His Royal Highness Don Enrique of Spain, and
his wife, the Duchess of Seville, have arrived in
' Paris, at the Hotel des Princes. They intend to re-
main until the accoachement of the princess.
' At the Bourse, the Fives rose 43c., and closed at
' 92.20. The Threes rose 25c., and closed at 56.40.
Most of the railways rose slightly, but the Rouen
line fell sfr.

Let us now turn to the speeches of men who have
not enjoyed a ten years' political repose. Mr. HAR-
COURT, after telling his constituents many. whole-
some truths of the progress of the country since the
repeal of the corn laws, dwelling especially on the
present " good position" and full employment of
the labouring classes said that on such occasions as
that on which they were assembled " they would do
more to promote the prosperity of agriculture if
some persons conversant with the subject would give
them their opinions on improved modes of cultivation
instead of occupying their time with regrets at a state
of things which, except by energy, was, he feared,
beyond a remedy." And Mr. HENLEY, of the sin-
cerity of whose protectionist zeal none can doubt,
was even more explicit ; he observed "he should be
deceiving the present company. if he said that he saw
any chance of au unnatural price being obtained for
their produce. However much he, in common with
them, regretted what had been done by the adoption
of free-trade policy, he could see no symptoms that
that policy was lately to be reversed. fie was bound
to state that nothing led him to hope to
see a change in that policy." And he very
fairly and honestly added "it was patent
to all that employment had been generally
found for the labouring classes ; they could not shut
their eyes to that fact irrespective of the official re-
turns." Sir. .I.istr.s GRAHAM concluded an able and
practical dissertation on the best modes of improving
the husbandry of the district by saying that agricul-
turists must meet increased difficulties by increased
exertions; that heaven always favours those who
help themselves, and that the agricultural interest
would not be the last interest to make the requisite
exertion." Here we see the men of tho world, pro-
tectionist as well as free-trade politicians, those who
deprecated and opposed, equally with one of the most
effective actors in the repeal of the corn laws, alike
declaring that the reversal of our free-trade policy is
impossible; while fanciful, unstable, and we may
almost say, occasional politicians, like Sir Eowatto
Lvirros, alone affect to believe in the possibility of a
reversal of that policy.

FRANCE.

PARIS, WEDNESDAY Evasixo.
An important declaration is put forward to-day
by the Orleanists, through the organ of M. Chem-
butte, on the subject of the electoral law of May.
It has been for some time past suspected that it was
the policy of the I. lvake to advance the period of the
elections, then to sallow the Assembly to be chosen
according to the law of May, and finally to get this
law repealed, and to procure the election ofi
the President according to a less restricted system of
1 suffrage. Whatever colour of truth there may be in
I this suspicion, one fact is patent to all the world. Of
the two leading organs of the government, the Con-
stitutionnel and the Patric, the former goes dead
against the law of May, and the latter supports it;
the latter being supposed to represent the opinions 1
of MM. Leon Faucher and Barothe, and the former
to express the personal sentiments and tendencies of
Louis Napoleon. It is, however, a much simpler and
more natural supposition to attribute to the President
and his ministers collectively the same designedly am-
biguous policy, which would indeed be easily accounted
for on the above hypothesis of using the present
electoral machine to exclude the republicans, and then
breaking it up to carry the re-election of Louis Na-
t:ln the mean time no doubt the President
s some advantages from the common supposi-
tion that he is and always has been hostile to the
law of May, and that this re-actionary step was
forced upon him by the leaden of the parliamentary
majority. It leaves him some dregs of popularity;
it allows him room to make what his opponents
would call a detm tour as tusufshe and it feeds the
hopes of those parties of which Lamartine
and Oirardin are the truest exponents, that
see of these days the weight of the executive
power may be thrown into the liberal scale. Hence,
whatever disapprobation of measures of the govern-
ment may appear in the Prase or the Pays, you
may always observe that the personal character of
Louis Napoleon is treated with respect and a certain
IMMO of favour. Now it appears to be the resolute
determination of the Orleamsts to put an end to the
ambiguous policy of the government on the law of
May, to oust the President from a position wherein
he wears a semblance of liberality, which is perhaps
only a mask to cajole the liberals, and either to cut
him off entirely from the sympathies of the republi-
cans or to drive him into their camp. Of all issues
to the present situation the last appears, I confess, to
me, the least possible. Hence the thoroughgoing
goposition of the National to the government
oirthe President seems to me based upon a more
animate estimate of his intentions than the
attempt of the Pays and the Presse to dis-
tinguish between the policy of the President
sod that of his ministers. Re this as it may, one
cannot but rocogniscthe sagacity of the move now made
ley the Orleanist party, which is put forward in the
Ordre of to-day.- M. Chambolle says that he and
bis Mends, feeling that if the law of May is really
sominaned bv the executive power, it has little SIB Joni FRANKLIN.—We understand that the
chance of standing, are prepared to abandon all de- remit of the meeting of the Arctic Matters, Sir Edward
fence of it. This appears to me a declaration of such
. Parry, Si: James Ross, and Ca2tain Beechey, at the Admi-
great importance that I shall give you the ip,Ossana ty
' r, rba of M. Chambolle : ral last week, has been the repression of their unanimous
conviction that Sir John Franklin has taken the passage to
the We repeat that if the President of the Republic, as is hi north-west out of Wellington Channel, and that he
I right and even his duty, according to the reiterated afar-
mAtions of his intimate and confidential friends, proposes must be sought by taking the same route. But it is the
to modify or to abolish the law of the 31st of May, we' opinion of these authorities—while fully recognising, and
bc:ae convinced that it cannot defend itself against the even insisting upon, the advantages of immediately dia-
aggres-ion with which it is menaced, will not make the patching • steamer to carry on the abandoned search is
host effort to maintain it. that direction—that no vessel ma be started with any hope
Here then distinctly the great organ of the of reaching an advanced positios in Davis Straits, and get-
Orleanist party challenges the President to repeal b•ff_iueo a isle harbour, before the winter.-31orioug chlv.
the law of May, and withdraws all opposition to that ""'''
CzA:fromsrasHttlowsurt..—..TA:dzev incesvehacvve
7bee
ton treheee2ioTtedh May, rat
aet
step. If this challenge is not accepted clearly, Louis
Napoleon must consent to assume that responsibility
which he has hitherto carefully declined, of btu Lady from: ship had
7iinvirCeutßlvael" he
an
the chief supporter of the system of restricted - from Kingstown. The news of the Bathurst gold dis-
frage. I have remarked in a previous letter that it cowmen received from Sydrieg bad created a panic in the
is the game of the Orleanists to take advantage of the state of trade, and had uotimsned the usual outcry to be
reactionary drifting of the present government to ili:veilliTairch..ilinevie:unfugyee_arter.etd:tline,rratesrh.sivry..againsbeeaose iillecet thileedimf importation
t &SlT-
shoot es it were to the windward of them, into the
, liberal course, from which they are daily deviating regards the excitement prw,:crd by the goldl jt° hand, SS

(Br Tketsie Ta!monk.)

P.S.—The conelueteurs of the Preue and the
Erenement have each been condemned to 1,000
francs fine, and six months imprisonment.

SPAIN.

MADRID, Bare. 19.
The government is taking active measures to
despatch considerable reinforcements to the Havannah.
For this purpose guns and men have already arrived
at Cadiz. Great satisfaction is expressed at the atti-
tude taken by France and England on the Cuba
question.

Our Paris correspondent sends us the following :
SMYRNA, Sart. 12.
Kossuth has arrived here by the Mississippi.

It seem, dill., Sir Stratford Canning and M. Le-
veled° went to the Darchnelles is the Growler to
see Kossuth, who left on the 7th.

GERMANY.

VIENNA, EXPT bo.
The lottlooked for returfift Prince Metternich to
the Austrian capital is enefteed for to-morrow,
orders having arrived at the Mai alettsessich in the
Itenngsane, to have it preperpiki Sri reception of
its lord. Great importance 'is allied by the
foreign press to this event, and combinelherl et the
most varied kind are printed as the possible tu.ka.
The return of an exaninister to the eaplid ken
which he fled in ignominious fear three years ago
would be most important indeed, if likely to bring
with it a change in the character and policy of the
government, but what change is likely to take place
in Vienna ? Prince Metternich may wish, but he
will hardly succeed in ousting Prince Schwarzenbl
from the ministerial saddle, and if he does suee
there is no ground for supposing that he woul
change the policy of the government. Schwarzenberg
rules as Metternich ruled,with this difference, that the
meant rub is severer and leas consistent. Neverthe-
less there is every prospect that the return of Prince
Metternich will be hailed with joy by a majority of
the bourgeois of Vienna ; the class to which 'Metter-
nich on all occasions showed the atmoet favour and
goodwill consistent with his system of government.
The smaller tradespeople will take advantage of the
opportunity to make a demonstration against the
present government, which not only shows them no
favour, but oppresses and impoverishes them in every
possible manner. Unless the police interfere before-
hand to prevent any such demonstration, it will very
probably be my duty to-morrow to report that the
beatings and execrations which accompanied the
flight of Metternich, have been changed into demon-
strations ofjoy and pleasure. Without the above ex-
planation, the probability of such a scene would ap-
pear to give the Viennese an undue allowance of
fickleness of character. They merely, welcome a bad
minister, in the hope of getting rid of a worse.
I mentioned in a former letter that the delibera-
tions on the constitution, or rather institutions, pro-
mised in the imperial ordinances of the 20th of
August, were at a stand still, and that apparently
without any other cause than the general difficulty
of elaborating institutions suited to the heterogeneous
elements of which the Austrian empire is composed,
and the general principle on which the whole is to
be governed in future. That is, in truth, not the
only cause. There is another, which is another illus-
tration of the headstrong, inconsiderate, heedless
character of Prince Sehwarzenberg. The ordinances
of the 20th of August were issued, as your readers
will remember, at Ischl, at the time the King of
Prussia was there, the moment of his presence being
purposely selected. Prince Schwarzcnberg and his
colleagues anticipated, and not without reason, that
the King of Prussia would, as upon other occasions,
faithfully follow in the footsteps of his Austrian ally,
and by a royal decree from Ischl quash the remnants
of the sham constitution which still exist in Prussia.
Doubtlessly the matter was debated at Ischl, but it
is not known whether any distinct promise
was given by the Prussian monarch or his
minister. With or without, Prince Schwarzen-
berg boldly launched the celebrated letters and
now finds either that ho has been deceived or that
lie has deceived himself; which of the two I cannot
say. The motives of the King of Prussia and his
man liianteuffel, in not following the suit led by
Austria are not easily to be discerned; but from the
low cunning, intriguing character of the latter there
is some probability for the supposition that he wishes
to preserve the appearance of a constitutional govern-
ment as a drag on the wheel of reaction, and as some
kind of counterpoise to the absolute policy of Aus-
tria. How be can reconcile the maintenance of two
utterly distinct systems of government in one coun-
try is a question which does not concern others ; but
if the supposition be correct, Manteuffel has on this
occasion puzzled his Austrian friend. Schwarzcn-
berg is in vulgar language "in a fix," and is now
debating with Baron Kiibeck on the propriety of re-
taining a part at least of the machinery of constitu-
tional government. His embarrassment is much in-
creased by the successful result of the negotiation
between Prussia on the part of the Zollverein
and Hanover. The commercial treaty just ra-
tified is regarded with unmeasured wrath and
indignation. It is held to be the inauguration of a
new and independent lino of policy in Prussia. It
cannot be denied, that it has that appearance, and
that, if the intention exists, the moment chosen is
most opportune. The Austrian premier sees and
deplores, without the skill and knowledge to put
an end to the confusion into which the arrange-
ment of the Austrian tariff has fallen. He sees,
that while he has nothing to offer to the South Ger-
man States, Prussia is offering them advantages
such as he can never hope to entice them with.
Ile has been convinced by his commercial advisers
that the junction of Hanover and Oldenburg with
the Zollverein, must materially increase the large
revenues Bavaria and Wfirtemberg already derive
from that union, and he is beginning to perceive
that his arrogance and presumption have offended the
governments of these countries, with whom it
might otherwise have been in his power to con-
clude the most intimate political and commercial
alliance. Such complications are enough to puzzle
any minister, and more than sufficient utterly to
confound so profonnd a political ignoramus as I
must now consider Prince Schwarzenberg to be. Ile
is at his wits ends ; for this is not a ease in which
his half a million bayonets supply the want of '
brains.
By the ordinary course of post, information ought
to have arrived here of the embarkation of Kossuth
and his companions from Kutahia ; but as no inti-
mation of that event has reached here, it is believed
that the government wilfully suppress it. Kossuth
was to have left Constantinople on the 13th inst.
The Reichs Zeitung publishes this morning the
amounts subscribed to the new loan by the several
pervinees of the empire. They are as follows :
Inhabitants. Florins.
Lower Austria 714,177
tipper ditto 1 417,783 308,600
Salzburg
Styria 983.724
Carinthia
Knia
Trieste
Tysei 842,768
Babes& 42-9,189
Moravia 1
Galicia 4161,216
Ilungmy 9
Croatia 1 288,931
Subscribed at the Bank in Vienna 36,484,700

47,114,500
This is the total amount subscribed up to the
evening of Tuesday, the last day on which the addi-
tional allowance of 21 per cent. was granted. Since
then, and up to the eveniug of Thursday. a farther
sum of 37,900 florins was subscribed. Nothing
whatever is known of subscriptions taken in other
countries. It has been stated that Rothschild in
Frankfort has taken 1,250,000 florins; and it is very
natural to surmise that if other large subscriptions
had been made they would gladly have been pub-
lished by the government. No one believes that the
foreign bankers have taken a sum worth mentioning;
indeed, one of Baron Krauss's immediate advisers has
declared to a friend of mine that the loan is a perfect
failure. The fact is evident, from the price which
silver fetches. At ono time this morning it was at
201 per cent. premium, and government securities of
all kinds falling in proportion as it rises. The finance
minister must indeed be childish if he imagined that
ho could keep concealed the oppressive measures to
which he has had recourse to extort subscriptions
from the provinces; while the small result which
they have produced is glaring evidence of the gradual
pauperisation of the empire.
The military commandant of Lemberg, in Galicia,
a Prince Schwarzenberg, made known to his officers
the ordinances of the 20th of August with the fol-
lowing words:—" Gentlemen, I have to announce to
you that the faithful army of his Imperial Majesty
has gained another victory. I hold in my hand the
imperial decrees by which the constitution and every
thing connected with it is abolished. In commum-
eating this
.joyful intelligence to you I must request
that you will not express your gratification in places
of public resort, as such conduct might give rise to
demonstrations against the government."
The Minister of War has issued a decree to the
governors of the military colleges, prohibiting for the
future the juvenile pupils in these establishments
, from spending their holidays at home, in order to
prevent their minds from being contaminated, and
to keep them faithful to their emperor and his
government. The same decree makes known that
1. the colleges are to be removed to the neighbourhood
, of small towns, where the danger of mental infec-
tion of a political kind is of ourse much smaller.