The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-14 00:00:00

Elie eppreoo.

my political prindplee ? Is it beware I weed far the altera-
tion in the corn laws end saypeelei_tbe meddleaska et the
tariff lB2 ? Ifs*, by wilt* el resemble bays
pew aoudade to corshow 'our pieglettli Se ether
solo ededeeveleek ea I did, sal whose manes
sus !a
the ewes &whims with an own ? It might have boa Sea
ea the insides et
Cle=y= Mike ta7neeth; Sas thee I
fladyestoesreskeireesteratebsthesereiesaifiL.itswesseice,
as a representative of the comfy of who had
honestly supported and spoken in tweet weasere ;
and your grace's tenants at the late extmeardliwey election
at Aylesbury voted for the liberal sod comistent candidate,
Lord Nugent, who has publicly avowed his approval of the
great, as well as of other liberal measures to which your
grace has always professed your hostility.
In the fulness of the heart the month speaks
truths not always avowed. Here we hare an open
admission that the nominal representatives for Ayles-
bury and Buckinghamshire are the duke's creature*,
thinking as he thinks, or is supposed to think, and
voting as he directs. The votes of the dake's tenants
are assumed as plain indications of the duke's wishes.
The electors of Aylesbury may have formed a part of
the machinery for sending Mr. RICE R. CLAYTON to
the House of Commons in 1841, just as the returning-
officer and the poll clerks did ; but he would as soon
have thought of consulting the wishes of the eke-
tion officials with respect to his line of politics
as he did the electors of Aylesbury. Oh, no, he
represented the duke ; his votes in the Commons were
the duke's votes ; he was a mere delegate, a simple
proxy.
Does any one suppose that these things are lost
upon the government of the day? Can the land-
owners imagine for a moment that the voices or the
votes of their nominees weigh even as dust in the
balance against the opinions expressed by the repre-
sentatives of the busy metropolis, or the teeming
hives of northern industry ? Imagine Mr. Rica
R. CLACTON, or any other nominee of the Duke of
BUCKINGHAM, getting up in the House of Com-
mons, making a flaming. speech against Sir
ROBERT PEEL'S Corn Bill his tariff, and BO
forth, and telling how the farmers of the
rich vale of Aylesbury were terrified at the
prospect of free trade; then fancy Sir ROBERT Pan
turning to Sir JAMES GRAHAM, and saying, "The
Duke of BUCKINGHAM told me all that this morning,
when I told his grace it would not do, and that the
landowners must give in." Both ministers would then
probably forget the existence of Mr. RICE IL CLAYTON,
having before quieted his constituent, the duke, with'
a blue riband. Is it fit that such a system should
continue ?
Having given vent to his wounded spirit in sounding
sentences about " true conservatism," " venerable in-
stitutions," and " unchanged principles," Mr. RICE R.
CLAYTON gives us some practical details of the work-
ing of landlordism in the hundreds of Aylesbury. He
says :
A brief and plain statement of facts will justify me in the
charges I have made. By order of your grace's agent •
large body of electors on the day of polling were led so vic-
tims to the George Inn, and then locked up, to be set free
on condition of their voting accor&ng to the dictates of your
hireling, who had command of this ignoble band. I speak
not of the men ; many of them I know had honest hearts,
and their English feelings revolted at the deed they were
compelled to enact. They felt ashamed to disgrace their
ptiesiveterulprostitute their franchise. Many had said to
ow, We cannot vote conscientiously, or we would willingly
sipper! you."
We should like to know how the cooped voters or
the discarded nominee would define the terms " pros-
tituted franchise," or " conscientious votes," if they
were obliged to give a meaning to them with refer-
ence to the Aylesbury elections past or present. And
Mr. CLAYTON concludes with the following touching
appeal to public sympathy :
I look without low to the verdict of the jury to whom I
I have appealed; and depend on it, my lord, the day of retri-
bution will come.
If another election should come soon, we may ex-
pect to see Mr. RICE R. Ctarron, stimulated by the
success of GR.ANTLEY BERKELEY, standing for the
county upon the strength of his wrongs as dismissed
nominee for Aylesbury ! This, however, is certain—
the people do not regard these things with indiffer-
ence ; they do not patiently see the rights and liber-
ties of the nation, the great engine of popular repre-
sentation, converted into a mockery and a fraud to
promote class objects and caste interests.

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LONDON, SATURDAY, AUG. 14.
Tux recent disasters in Mark-lane can have taken
no one by surprise who has steadily watched the tarn
of the market. More than a month ago we, in com-
mon with several of the ablest journals in Manchester
and Liverpool, drew attention to the symptoms of
apprehension which even then escaped from the trade.
The gross misstatements respecting the state of grain '
supply, and the prospects of the harvest, busily and '
perseveringly sent abroad by parties deeply compro-
mised by speculation, in the multiplex form of news-
paper paragraphs, and circulars, printed and manu-
script, showed even then that screws were loose and
tumbles expected.
It is not often that such crashes as have taken place
in the corn trade are incurred with such entire ab-
sent* of culpability. For the last twelve months the
state of the provision market of the world has been
such as to set calculation at defiance. The unpre-
cedented extent of the earth's surface over which the
deficiency of food existed, the dense population of
many regions subjected to its pressure, the entire de-
rangement of the ordinary course of traffic by the
neceseitZ of diverting large amounts of capital into
the provision trade, and the engrossing all the freight
that could be laid hold of for the transport of food,
were felt in every ramification of commerce. It speaks
volumes for the healthy condition of English com-
merce, that serious embarrassments have yet visited
the grain trade only, and that they have not been more
general and overwhelming than they yet appear
to be.
The extensive operations in grain which have been
unavoidable, the suddenness with which the scarcity
broke upon Europe, and its duration, brief beyond
what the most sanguine dared to hope, are sufficient,
without imaginary foreign elements, to account for
the failures in the corn trade. The evil may spread
farther, and it will not be the fault of our great
monetary corporation, which "regulates" the currency
with about as much judgment and consistency as
the at, upon whom JovE for a time con-
f the power, " regulated" the weather on
his farm—if the evil do not spread further. But as
to the beginning of the derangement, the colossal
fluctuations of the grain market are sufficient to
account for the dilapidations in private fortunes
which we have witnessed on it.
Aboveall, there is no feasible pretext for attributing
these reverses to railway speculation. There cannot
be a more unmeaning cry than that of the alarmists
who represent the money devoted to the construction
of railroads as withdrawn from circulation—as
locked up and unproductive. It is an easy
matter to show that in the case of com-
pleted railways the capital invested in them,
instead of being locked up, affords a means of expedit-
ing and economising circulation. An example occurs
to us. The Scotch banks have frequent occasion to
send up gold to London. The Scotch are so accus-
tomed to a small note circulation that it is difficult to
persuade them to take gold. -But a considerable
amount of sovereigns ooze into the southern counties
which have daily dealings with their English neigh-
bours. These are all deposited without loss of time in
the banks, which of course send off their constantly
accumulating solidus to London as often as need
is. The last remittance of this kind we
have heard of, was brought from Edinburgh to Lon-
don in the course of fifteen hours, and at an expense
of twelve pounds. Five or six years ago, the same
amount would have been forwarded by coach, an
operation of several days, at an expense of forty
pounds. Again, by means of railways, Birmingham
traders now transact their own banking business in
London without intermediate agents, and in, shorter
time than formerly. Completed railways have mate-
rially quickened the circulation of our floating capi-
tal, and lent additional facilities to those financial
combinations by which the dangers of such an un-
settled state of affairs as has of late pervaded the
grain market are obviated or diminished. And if the
railways still in the course of construction do not faci-
litate financial operations, neither do they materially
obstruct them. -Take, for example, the Cheater and
Holyhead. The accounts presented to the last half-
yearly meeting of this concern show that, since the
commencement, it has collected about two millions
of money. But, during that time, it has also paid
oat upwards of 1,900,0001. The large sum of two
millions has not been withdrawn from circulation ;
has not for a day diminished the power of our money
dealers to accommodate legitimate speculation. The
railway interest have no reason to fear the striking of
a fair balance between any temporary obstructions,
one or other of their number may have placed in the
way of accommodation to other branches of enter-
prise, and the additional facilities they have afforded
for quickening the circulation of capital.

A WHTG journal has undertaken to crucify a young
lord, and hold him up to the country as a model of
treachery and tergiversation. The young lord in
question is of kluge-milieu family, the head of which,
a conscientious mid honourable, and, in the main,
liberal, man, had long spent his political life in linger-
ing on those confines which divide whig and tory,
and which constitute the neutral ground where it has
been the fashion of late for numbers to encamp, and I
still greater numbers to frequent and visit.
It requires an old head and a cautious temper to
tread these ambiguous regions with anything like a
defined purpose, or to dwell on them without incur-
ring the stigma of being a trimmer. None have
kept the middle path with more uprightness and
success than Lord ELLESMERE. None hese saspetad
him of other motives than independence, end a ar.
AGM fastidiousness in politics which re.fsses to
simlo as to follow any party through the
of political exigency.
ToZ such a position, remote from the actual drib I
of party, and raised above it, however suitable and
honourable to the veteran statesman, is a dangerous
school for the youth. We do not pardon doubtful con-
victions to a young man. Nor do such harmo-
nise well with the frank and headlong impulses of
that age. He who has arrived at being bias',
worn oat in morals and in the pleasures of life
at an early age, is, despite of his experience,
the most likely to commit a blunder, from the edge of
firmness and resolve being completely blunted. In
political life it is the same. He who has arrived at a
aapreme indifference to whig and tory, not from a
US of experience, but from traditional creed, is the
most likely to commit himself lightly with one or
both of these parties, for which he cares so little. Such
has been the misfortune of Lard BRACELET.
Strict allegiance to party is, unfortunately, no
longer the fashion. We perceive no one on the
hustings proclaim that such is his principle, unless he
be shrewd enough to prove, at the same time, that he
is of no party. What do we hear all round the
country but praise of PEEL from liberals, unless they
happen to have a Peelite for actual competitor in the
elections ? Has not every portion of the liberal press
pat out feelers for a coalition ? Li not almost every
man ready for anything, and any man for every col-
w? Do we not see tories and charting coalescing
tories and whip against radicale—
d hip—radia ls spinet tories ? In the midst of
this universal Aortas porta is it any wonder that a boy
Red should lose himself
We have perused in the indignant columns of our
eentempessey Lord BRACELET'S two addressee : one
dated the Riddle of May to the liberal constituency
of South Lancashire the other, on the last of July,
to the conservative electors of North Staffordshire.
We moat eisidess they excite our mirth as much as
lour chases Bash is certainly moulded to mit its
=dimes sind each implies tendencies of a different
Ma. Bees are attempts to gull electors, to affect
ONION width the writer had not, and put for.
erg which he was as evidently wiat.
eat ,this same use of language "to con-
mil
to
has been going on from one end
oft to the other. This universal bans-
basher electors has been the trick of all Rardsa
He la a wise man, in our day, who knows his own
principles, and a shrewd member of parliament` who
knows exactly by what party or what set opns
he has been returned. We see tortes returning thanks
to chartists, and vice versa. If all the records and
histories of English politics were destroyed, and that
nothing remained but the chronicles of the elections
and election speeches and addresses of 1847, we
utterly defy the future commentator to make out
what political parties existed in England at this date,
or what were their demarcations.
We therefore think it hard to select poor Lord
BRACELET, in order to gibbet him even for a
vice in which he largely sins. His lordship
may care little for what he says, and espe-
cially little for making one letter tally with
its predecessor of six weeks previous. He may
be very short-sighted as to the difference between whig
and Peelite. He may hope one day" that the principles
of free trade may realise their promised advantages,"
sad promise another, that " though not prepared to
rotors the corn laws, still he would favour native
iminstry, provided each did not militate against the
barest' of the community." His lordship, on his
Ranch into the political ocean, has evidently fol.
lowed the maxim of the Yacht Club, and rigged
himself oat schooner-wise, to fill his sails with all
winds not absolatity adverse. But we fear that in
this he has done, blunderingly and openly, and with

Tux supremacy of the landowners in the counties
has received a severe blow in the exposure made
during the past elections of the system of nomination.
So general is the indignation and disgust felt on this
subject, that it is probable some demand for a new
reform bill would have arisen, had it not been proved
to demonstration, that with the existing electoral ma-
chinery, if properly worked, the people have the
remedy in their own hands.
It is curious to watch the way in which the
nomination system has been exposed. Who would
have supposed that one of the heaviest shocks
landlord domination has received, would have mute
from the hands of a GRANTLEY BERKELEY ?
Who could have predicted, that so much
service might be done for the people by a discarded
nominee ? Yet it is certain that the election for West
Gloucestershire will prove a landmark in the re-
ceding tide of landlord power. It is clear that in
politics, as in morals, there is a retribution, which
enables honest folks to get their own when politicians
the reverse of honest fall out. But the revela-
tions made by disappointed nominees are not con-
fined to West Gloucestershire, for in the columns of a
contemporary we find a letter from Mr. RICE R. CLAY-
TON, the late nominee of the Duke of BUCKINGHAM,
complaining bitterly of being discarded by his patron.
This letter is such an instructive document, contains
such a noire exposition of the relations of political
patron and nominee-member, and so pathetically sets
forth the caprices of the one and the wrongs of' the
other of these parties to the flagitious compact, that
it deserves a passing examination. And first let us
note that this is no secret. There is no imputation on
the journalist of surreptitious publication nor any
violation of private confidence. On the contrary, Mr.
RICE R. CLAYTON tells the tale of his own political
He indite' a letter to the Duke of BUCKING-
:73M cruel patron, and then asks as matter of
favour that it may be inserted in a daily newspaper.
Following the example of the ill-used GRANTLLY, he
rushes into print, and makes the public the confidant
of his political grievances.
Mr. CLAYTON begins his public appeal. to the duke
by quotingfromhis grace's letter of 1841, immediately
after the election for Aylesbury in that year, congra-
tulations on Mr. CLarron's election, and an expres-
sion of hope that he would " long continue to bold
the seat." The fate of the man who built his house
upon the sand, is but a type of the politician who
founds his political existence on a patron's fILVOIIt.
Poor Mr. CLAYTON has new discovered that the
" long" continuance of his seat, referred to in the
duke's letter, meant durisg the duke's pleasure. But
in his delight of that day he misinterpreted the am ;
be forgot that he who giveth can take away. It
seems, however, that Mr. CLAYTON imagined that he
was to held his seat during " good behaviour," for
he says :
Noe. I wish to learn how and in what way I have for-
feited the confidence which your pace then entertained of

•
THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY ETEI4ING, AUGUST 14, 1847.

Letters from Berne of the Bth have brought a mani-
festo, issued by the oentral committee of the Swias
Popular Amociatioa, the professed object of which is
to refute the calumnies circulated against the assocla-
tion by the ultramontane party, by publishing, in an
explicit manner, the object of the society, and its
means of attaining it. This document only repro-
duces what has been previously announced by the
association, namely, that its efforts are directed, by
strictly legal means, to effect the expulsion of the
Jesuits, the dissolution of the Sunderband, and the
revision of the pact of 1815. The last object
is, however, in reality, the great aim of the
liberal party. They desire to render the confedera-
tion more compact as a whole, by strengthening the
central or federal power, and rendering the cantonal
governments more decidedly subordinate to it. Those
states which, like France and Austria, desire to see
Switzerland feeble and ready to fall an easy prey to
any powerful neighbour, in case of a war, are opposed
to this for obvious reasons. The vital question of the
means of executing the resolutions of the diet in rela-
tion to the cantons of the league, was to have come
under discussion in the diet on Mondayi last ; and the
result is anxiously expected. It was supposed that
the diet would be more divided on this than on the
previous questions.

Further advices from Italy have been received ;
from Rome to the 2nd, and Bologna to thY 3rd. The
reduction of the duty on salt had diffused much satis-
faction. The regulations for the general organisation
of the National Guard had been promulgated. The
edict consists of 132 articles. The purpose of the
new institution is declared to be the defence of the
sovereign, the enforcement of the laws, and the main-
tenance of public tranquillity. The interference of
the National Guard, as a body, in matters of politics
or public administration is forbidden. The labour-
ing classes are exempted from service in it, except
in such emergencies as may induce the government
to require them. The institution is declared to be
permanent. The officers under the rank of captain
are to be elected by the companies themselves; captains
and superior officers are to be appointed by the sove-
reign. The state is to supply arms, other charges
being defrayed by the municipalities.
M. Pallavicini, a friend of Cardinal Lambruschini,
has been dismissed from the place of pro-major-domo
of his holiness, and is replaced by M. itosconi, late
delegate of Ancona. M. Merrichini is named treasurer-
general, with two secular councillors, the Duke Mas-
simo and the Count Pierre Ferretti, brother of Cardinal
Ferretti, the secretary of state. All these are well-
known liberals.

Our Madrid correspondent, writing on the 7th knit.,
says : " The Queen returned to La Granja safe and
sound from her hunting excursion to El Paular,
on the night of the sth. It seems that Pacheco bad
an interview with the Queen on the morning of the
4th, before she set out. It is still said that one of his
main objects is to determine the Queen to come to
Madrid without loss of time : and that he is devoting
himself to the solution of the Palace question. The ru-
mours which I communicated to you yesterday about
the probability of his resigning, are repeated by the
papers of this morning. If Pacheco resigns, he will
be followed by Pastor Diaz ; and most probably there
will be a general break-up of the ministry. A
thousand absurd combinations and conjectural cabi-
nets are put forward, chiefly by the ultra-moderado
organ, as likely to succeed. But there exists very
little doubt among the well-informed, that, in the
event of Pacheco's retirement, Salamanca will
be charged with the formation of the new cabinet.
The Queen, I hear, has expressed very emphatically
her wish that, whatever modification may take place,
Salamanca should continue to be a member of the
ministry.
The sudden re-appearance of Pidal, returned from
the Asturias to the capital, on the sth, has created
suspicions that the moderados are on the eve of achiev-
ing a triumph. The liberal papers, particularly the
Clamor Public°, teem with deaunciations of the plots
of the Afranceoados, the Mon-Pidals, and the Nar-
vaezes. There. is possibly more ground than might
be thought for these accusations. The long confer-
ences held by Narvaez on the 25th with Christina,
Montpensier, Louis Philippe, and Guizot, are
suspected to have had reference to the favourite
French scheme of restoring the Duke of Valencia
to hie dictatorship in Spain. Among the letters which
were despatched from Paris on the next morning, and
which were presented to Isabel by the Due de
Glncksberg last Saturday, in addition to the letter of
the Duchess of Montpensier, there were others from
Christina and Louis Philippe. No doubt great
efforts are making, by means of this family eorre-
vondence, backed by the paternal counsels of the
French king, to procure the restoration of Narvaez to

power.
The interview which the Correo gave out was to
have taken place yesterday at the Pardo, between the
King and Senor Benavidee, did not come off. The
Heraldo says it is postponed till to-morrow. Mean-
while the Minister of the Interior has received an
autograph letter from the King, accompanied by a
printed document which is signed with his own
name, and disavowing altogether any connexion with
the authors of the same, who bad sent it to the King
with an anonymous letter. So much was announced
this morning in the Gazette, which published a
royal order, dated yesterday, and addressed
to the political chief of Madrid, to lose no
time and spare no diligence in detecting the
authors of this iniquitous forgery. A paragraph
in the Heraldo throws some light on this
mystery. It seems that the document in question
was a revolutionary proclamation signed with the
King's name. It appears that the lieraldo, or its
printer, was suspected of having had a finger in this
affair. For last night the commissary and sub-com-
missary of police made their appearance at the
I .freratdo's printing-office, with a warrant to examine
its papers and types. After the investigation these
functionaries civilly retired without making any re-
mark.
ml Expertador publishes a very notable article,
MGM " Secret Societies," in which it says that,
laving been mused to the investigation of this sub-
ject by the accusations which were directed against
progresistas by the moderado press at the time
et Din Francisco de Paula's proscription from the
pabee, it bad succeeded at lan in detecting a smut
club, not a • one, but a society of A.
meadars, with • ted branches, one of which =Me
at Barcelona ; the whole enginery of which is set let
motion by persona high in the confidence of Levis
Pbilippe. The title of this club is " Manned&
bsepenca reformed& " (Western masonry reformed).
It seeks its prosely tea among youthful and ardent de-
claimers about liberty, who little dream whose dupes
they are. An infinity of documents, adds the
Expectador, in French and Spanish, exist in the hands
of its friends, which fully bear out these assertions.
The high respectability and veracity of the Expectador
give great weight to this announcement.
There is a decree in the Gazette organiaing the new
bank of Cadiz. The capital is 100,000,000 of reels,
represented by 50,000 shares at 2,000 each.
The Expeetador says, the government have pro-
mised Espertero 25,000 dollars of the arrears of his
pay, of which it appears that he made a voluntary
sacrifice during part of the time of his regency.

NAPLES, JULY 30.
I wrote to you some days since, giving you infor-
mation of disturbances which have broken out in
Calabria, and though everything that one hears in
this kingdom is derived from the roes publics, enough
has transpired since to prove that my accounts were
not erroneous nor exaggerated. In fact it is very
clear that the government experiences not • little
inquietude for the result of this mosso. Were I to
i send you all that is whispered, by hope or fear, at
Naples, you would believe that all Calabria was in
the hands of the insurgents; hundreds have
increased to thousands, who are said to be
out in the language of the country. A de-
tachment of the King's troops, to the number of
five or six hundred, is said to havebeen surprised and
destroyed, and a variety of other reports are uttered
by public rumour, ef which, from the want of a free
press, and the complete mystery in which everything
is wrapped in this country, it is impossible to arrive
at the precise truth. There can be no doubt, how-
ever, that the affair is not a mere ordinary piece of
brigandaggio, though great care is taken to colour it as
such. A priest and a woman are said to have been
the first to put themselves at the head of the move-
ment. It is, I believe, undoubted also, that many
persons of high rank have joined the malcontents;
and though their forces may be comparatively
small, yet, the nature of the country, the spi-
rited character of the inhabitants, and the strong


sympathy which hinds together the Calabrese, as
though they were a distinct portion of the population,
will render them formidable to the regular troops.
For facts I can send you the following : The troops
which were atatiened in Calabria, together with con-
siderable additions, which have been sent daring the
last month, have not been found sufficient. Yesterday
two steam-frigates were despatched with fresh forces,
and several are said to have left during the night.
The day before yesterday communication by. tele-
graph between Monteleone and Naples was inter-
rupted. giving rise, of course, to conjectures that that
lart of the country is up. It is a fact, also, that
foreign ambassadors at Naples refuse to give passports
for Calabria. Now, though these facts are few,
they form a pretty strong corroboration of
what is reported by the public; and ano-
ther circumstance adds faith to rumour, which is,
that tines disturbances have not broken out daring a
season of great scarcity and dearness of provision, but,
on the contrary, during the fine season when the fruits
of the earth form the great proportion of sustenance
of the people of these countries, and with a falling
scale of prices. A Neapolitan, who should be well
informed of these matters, in writing to me says,
"Though this mossa is represented as an affair of
brigandaggio, there is strong reason to believe that
other elements are at work. I could tell you much
that I have heard, bat dare not write more." It is
not unreasonable to suppose that what has taken
place in the Roman states during the last year has
awakened a strong spirit of discontent in thin king-
dom. There is a kind of enthusiasm felt here for the
Pope, equal to the aversion towards him which is enter-
tained by the government ; and Calabria is not an un-
likely field for the display of these dispositions. In
fact it is the Ireland of Naples, but the Ireland of the
time of Elizabeth.

GERMANY.—PRUSSIA.—BERLIN, Arc. 7.
TILIA L OP THE POLII4II PIUSONERS.—An illlMellee crowd
of persons assembled this morning in front of the
prison, and it was only by means of • private entrance
that the persona provided with cards of admission could
reach their places. A long discussion ensued respecting the
right of the natives of the duchy of Posen to be examined in
the Polish language, if they so wished—a right, which after
some deliberation, the court allowed. The court then com-
menced the examination of Stanirians Felix Von Sadowski.
AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, AVG. 3.—LIBERTY OF THE
Panss.—We are positively assured, says the Journal de
Debate, that the new regulation on the periodical press,
which the German Diet is about to adopt, will borrow its
principal articles from the Danish legislation on the same
matter. There IS no censorship in Denmark, but government
has a right to seize the whole edition of any number of a
journal, leaving, however, to the option of the accountable
editor either to consent to the suppression of the number
'eked, or to be brought before the tribunals, who will then
confirm the seizure or allow the publication ; but who will,
in the former case, inflict on the editor the chastisement
ordained by law for the offence which gave rise to the seizure.
Among the pains inflictid by the Danish laws on those
editors who commit crimes of this kind is that of being
prohibited, for a certain number of Tears, and even for
ever, to publish anything without having previously sub-
mitted it to the censorship of the police. Negotiations, which
were commenced some time back with Russia, have at last
been brought to a pretty favourable result. An act has just
been signed by the Baron Kutabeck and the Russian coun-
sellor Tengshonki, which solves several questions concerning
transit trade from Brody to Odessa and the frontier trade ;
they have also proposed fresh regulations for the Russian
tariff, and for shipping at the mouth of the Salina. It is
thought the Russian tariff will be modified, and sundry
abuses committed by the local authorities on the borders of
the Salina will be repressed.