The Express.
London, England, 1862-07-30 00:00:00

HIGH WATS& AT WHIMS 1111.1001.

Tian ren7.7..Afiernoot7„ 411. 2.5 m.
To-Yolltow—llornlne, 4b. Afternoon, 50.

LONDON, WED,VESDAY, JULY 30.

THE discussion in the House of Lords on
Monday night in regard to the perennial China
question indicates how much the public is oc-
cupied with that subject, and how difficult it is to
come to any satisfactory conclusion regarding it.
As Earl GREY only too justly observed, we are
now reaping in China the fruit of the seed which
we have ourselves sown in three distinct wars, two
of which at least were on our part unjustifiable,
and there is every appearance that it is only the
commencement of difficulties which we have
reached. The Chinese are probably the moet te-
nacious people in the world, being at once supple
and persistent. It is a very long game that we
are playing with them, and one of which the ten-
dency and probable results can hardly be judged
from isolated facts or from the position of affairs
at any particular moment.
Still less can the progress of our trade or
the establishment of our interests be demon-
strated by such statistics as those in regard
to the port of Shanghae which were used by Earl
Emm a. in the course of his speech, and were
furnished to the public a few weeks ago by Mr. H.
N. LAY, the head of the Imperial Foreign Cus-
toms Service. It is, no doubt, true that the trade
of Shanghae has expanded greatly, to all
appearance, during the last seven years ;
but in order to draw any trustworthy con-
clusion from that fact we should require to
examine very closely into the nature and causes
of that apparent expansion. Much of it is not an
increase of either exports or imports, hut merely
an increase of efficiency on the part of the Cus-
toms Service, so that its statistics are swollen
though the actual trade be unaffected. A good
deal of the Shanghae trade has been drawn away
from the other open ports ; and so, though the
City of the Sea may be in a flourishing con-
dition, the fact proves little in regard to our com-
merce with China in general. Agaio, it is
well known that the increase of the trade of
Shanghae has proceeded in great part from
the failure of the silk crop in the South
of Europe, which may be regarded as an
accidental, and probably temporary cause ; and
considerable allowance may also be made for ~he
number of troops we have kept in China, and the
large expeditious that have beer !ant out there in
late 'years. Add to all this the important fact
that after the conclusion of the Treaty of Tien-46n,
and again after the Convention of Pekin was signed,
the China market was glutted with articles from
this country, which have proved a great loss to the
sanguine exporters ; and it becomes evident that
Mr. LAY'S imposing data prove nothing more than
the proverbial pliability of statistics, the hardihood
and Mandarin-like subtlety of the gentleman who
could advance them as proving the great expansion
of our trade with China.
Both the Duke of SOMERSET and the noble
SECRETARY for FOREION AFFAIRS appeared to ima-
gine that some agreement had been come to with
the Taepings that they should not approach within
100 li, or 24 miles, of Shanghae, and that wo
were in consequence justified in attacking them.
The official documents on the subject scarcely sup-
port any such conclusion; for the Taeping chiefs
uttered a very uncertain sound upon the subject.
Moreover, the proposal made to them by Sir
HARRY PARKES, on the part of Admiral HOPE,
may be judged of from the following
Memorandum made by Sir HARRY him-
self : "No Taeping force to advance within
" 100liof any Chinese port or place open to Bri-
" tiah trade, provided that the Tartar Go feninient
" do not send out expeditions from these porta or
" places to attack the Taepings." It is no wonder
that one noble lord thought it " would be ju-
" dicious not to enter into too strict an inquiry"
as to which party had most fairly executed the
agreement, if such it was. Imperial expeditions
have all along been going out from Shanghae under
Colonel WARD and others against the Taepings ;
and it could not, in all reason, be expected that
these latter would tamely allow such an important
base of operation against them to remain undis-
turbed when they believed they bad it in their
power to destroy it, or at least to render it useless
for offensive purposes.

- -
It is admitted even by her MAJterv's Ministers
that the course now pursued in China " must
" place us in a state of hostility to the Taepings,"
and the obvious result of this will be to endanger
the trade of Sluinghae. As the rebels avoided
coming to any clear understanding in regard to
that port, and have despatched the Fighting King,
their best warrior, to its neighbourhood, they will
not allow us to remain in undisturbed possession.
It is almost certain their next step will be to
establish a cordon round it, and to cut off all the
trade except what may be carried on in foreign
steamers. Under these circumstances we are told
that the policy of her MAJZSTY'S Government is
not to give to the Mandarins the whole force of
the British empire for their support, but to en-

courage and advise them to arm a sit/Went for
for themselves ; but the Govertuastat 61 Pekin is
far too acute not to see that, V attain contipue

to develop as they are doing at prow* we shall
have to fight, and if possible put dewn the rebels,
in order to preserve our trade. Whatever opinion
may be formed as to the morale of the Chinese Go-
vernment, there is little doubt as to its cunning and
ability ; and the effete aspect which it presents to
European eyes in part, though not wholly, dis-
appears when we take into consideration the
fundamental principles of the Chinese state.
When the family, the village, the diitrict, or the
province fails to " harmonise" itself, that is con-
sidered to be its own loss, and the superior autho-
rities, or even the central government, will never
'interfere beyond a certain point. In accordance
with all Celestial state traditions, the Pekin Go-
vernment must now regard the Taepings and the
foreigners as two antagonistic powers to be played
off against each other, and used for mutual injury
if not destruction. Being not much troubled
with humanitarian ideas, it looks with secret
but intense satisfaction on the spectacle of
its two moat formidable enemies coming into
collision with one another ; while it gains resting
time, and has the opportunity of learning how to
drill troops in Western style. This rebellion is a
Frankenstein which we ourselves have created, and
which without the hearty co-operation of the Im-
perialiata we shall find it impossible to put down, as
it will disappear in one place only to turn up in
another. That co-operation, we may be certain,
will never be given, so long as the Chinese Go-
vernment regards our aid and interference as a
prelude to a demand for new concessions. This is
not very reassuring for the future, but it is the
inevitable consequence of the past, and was clearly
pointed out as such long ago.

fat Court.

BALMORAL, JOLT 28.

The Prince of Wales and the Princess Helena,
attended by the Ladies and Gentlemen in Waiting, attended
divine service yesterday, in the parish church of Crathie.
The Rev. Mr. Anderson officiated.

A meeting of the Council of the Duchy of Cornwell was
held yesterday, at the Duchy-office, Buckingham-gate, St.
James's-park. There were present—The Duke of Newcastle,
Lord Warden of the Stannaries ; Sir William Dunbar,
Keeper of the Privy Seal ; and Sir William John Alex-
ander, Attorney-General
The Viceroy of Egypt, attended by the Hon. Charles A.
Murray, paid farewell visits yesterday to the Duke of Cl= -
bridge, the Duchess of Cambridge, and the Grand Duchess of
Ilsoldenburg, at their respective residences. His Highness
also paid visits to Viscount Palmerston and Earl Russell.
Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office
from the West India Islands. Despatches were sent to the
Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands.

Their Serene Highnesses Prince and Princess
Victor of Hobenlohe hare left St. James's Palace for a tour
in Ireland for a few weeks.

The Marquis and Marchioneea of Northampton
have left their residence in Piccadilly for Compton Win.
yater, the ancient family seat in Warwickshire.

The Marquis of Hastings has left Long's Hotel.
The Marquis of Sligo will leave town early next
week for Westford House, county Mayo.

The Countess Cowper is entertaining a select
party at Wrest Park. Amongst the company are the
Marchioness of Abercorn and Lady Georgina Hamilton,
Marquis of Bowmoot, Earl and Countess of Clarendon and
the Ladies Villiers, Countess of Sof ton and Lady Cecilia
Molyneux, Earl and Countess of Beasborough, Earl and
Countess of Dalkeith, Viscount and Visoountess Enfield
and Lady Blanche Egerton, Countess Dowager sod Lady
Sarah Spencer, Mr. and Mrs. John Leslie, Mr. and Mrs.
Edward Ssrtorie, Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Hon. Charles Ede-
cumbe, Hon. Robert Bourke, Mr. George Lane Fox, Mr.
Henry Greville, Captain Falbe, Miss Mary Boyle, Earl of
Shrewsbury and the Ladies Talbot (2), Mr. Clare Wyner,
Hon. Henry Cowper, Lord Dufferin, Jr"

The Earl of Derby left town yesterday for Good-
wood, on a visit to the Duke of Richmond, who is enter-
taining a large and distinguished circle of friends during
the race week.

The Earl and Countess Amherst and family have
left Grosvenor•quare for Montreal, near Sevenoaks, Kent,
for the mom

Viscount Dunlo has left Long'a Hotel, for Ireland.
Lord and Lady Tredegar and family have left
Portmanequare, for Tredspr Park, Monmouthshire.

- .
Lord and Lady Huntingfield have left town for
their meat, Heveniagham Hall, Suffolk.

The marriage of Mr. Brudenell Bruce and Lady
Evelyn Craven 6 fixed to take place on Tammany, the 7th of
next month.

The Hon. George and Mrs. Barrington, accom-
panied by Mrs. J. Mildmay, have kit town for Germany.
Lieutenant-General Buckley, M.P., has returned
to town from visiting the Earl and Counter of Chichester,
at Steamer Park, near Brighton.
Mr. and Mrs. Lane Fox have left town for
Erszllstut Park.Yerkikv, Mr. G, L, Fos leavete alto for
Wrest Park, on a visit to the Countess Cowper.
We have to announce the demise of Lady
Charlotte Greville. The venerable lady died on Monday
last, at Ratchford Park, the seat of her daughter, the
Carstens tDoweger) of Ellesmere, in Surrey. The estimable
lady was the eldest daughter of William Henry Cavendish,
third Duke of Portland, and was consequently aunt of the
present duke, Lord Henry Bentinck, Lady Howard de
Walden, and Lady Charlotte Denison. She was barn
October 3, 1773, so that she had nearly attained her 87th
year. Her ladyship married Much 31, 1793, Mr. Charles
Chemins, youngest son of Mr. Fuller Greville, a collateral
member of the noble hour of Warwick, by whom, who
died in August, 1832, she leaves three sons and a daughter,
namely Mr. Charles Orville, late Clerk of the Privy
Council; Mr. Algernon Greville, Bath King at Arms, sod
formerly private secretary to the great Duke of Wulliegtoo;
Mr. Henry Greville, a gentleman usher to the Queen ; and
the Countess (Dowager) of Ellesmere.

The Mayor of Sheffield has, it is stated, issued
upwards of 200 iovitatiotts to a banquet for the Bth of
August In addition to noblemen and ministate, some of
the most distinguished foreigners will be present. Previous
to the banquet, his extensive works will be thrown open
for the inspection of his guests, when they will have an
opportunity of witnessing his machinery in action, rolling
four-aod-►-half inch armour plates for the navy, and
casting steel ingots for a 40Ctpounder Blakeley gun. Much
of the recent prosperity of Sheffield is due to the present
mayor, whom works have been visited by most of the dis-
tinguished visitors to this country daring the year.

Count Moutaletnbert (says the Edinburgh Courant)
arrived at Edinburgh on Friday evening from the south,
and left yesterday morning en route to Glenquoicb, the seat
of Mr. Ellice, M.P. During his brief visit to this city,
Count Mootalembert, who is accompanied on his journey by
the Earl of Dunraven, took the opportunity of visiting the
principal objects of historical and antiquari►n interest in
our vicinity.

It is reported in local musical circles (says the
Norther* Whig) that the well •known London organist, Dr.
Chien, has arraoged to remove to Belfast, to occupy the
position of leader to the Anacreontic Society, and organist of
the Magnificent instrument which w to be erected in the
Ulster Hall.

Dr. Hughei and the other Roman catholic pre-
!atom from America heft Dublin, on Sunday, on their way
home.

FOREIGN-OFFICE, JULY 26.—The Queen ban been
plumed to approve of M. Charles Henri Philippe Cauldrie-
Boilleau, Consul at Quebec for his Majesty the Emperor of
the French, as his Imperial Majesty's Consul-General in the
British Provinces of North Anterioe.7oazette. _

CHOWN-OPTICS, JULY 28. Rani KNED
TO Sieve HI THI PROMIT Roger Sinclair
Aytouo, Esq., of lachdairor for the district Burghs of
Desert, Kirkaldy, Kingbolts, and Baratisland, in the room
of` Kobert Ferguson, Esq., who has accepted the office of
Steward of her Mllesty's Mare of Hempholme.— Gazette.
TEL 111.& RD WORK or ran Srailow, 1862. —The
following is the number of days on which nab chairman of
oommitters on groups of railmsy bills has at during this
sessine :—Lord Stmiley. 85; Mr. Adair. 56 ; Mr. Berard,
47 ; Mr. Howes, 12; Mr. 'lowboy, 18 ; Mr. Puller, 59; Mr.
Selroldlad, 35; and Kr. Weald. 36.

14TXST 114RELLICIENCE.
GARIBALDI AT MARSALA.
At 4 Aka on the evening of the 19th it sves
announced that Garibaldi was approeftsing Marsala
from Trapani. The people immediately crowded
the walls and streets as on a festival day, all pas-
sionately eager to behold on the day of joy, as in ,
the day of danger, the man who is known in both
hemispheres as the " Hero of Marsala." The
municipality, the National Guard and its
commander, went out two leagues from the town
to receive and to felicitate him. Thousands of flags
floated from the windows, and, in the midst of cheer-
ing from thousands of voices, the procession arrived
at the cathedral, where the clergy awaited its entry.
lAfter a hymn and benediction, Garibaldi was about
to leave the church, when a strange scene took
place. A monk ascended the pulpit, and addressed
the people and the general in such striking lan
guage upon his arrival in the city, that when be had
concluded Garibaldi embraced him, and pronounced
him to be a true priest of the goepeL He was then
borne to the house at which he was to atop, in the
midst of plaudits and showers of flowers. The en-
thusiasm had now reached a point which it was im-
poftible to describe. The general appeared at the
balcony, and signified that he wished to speak, when
there was at once profound silence. His voice was
calm and solemn—the clear and powerful expres-
sion of the Italian idea which is incarnate in him.
" The time is come," said he, " when we can no
longer permit the stranger on our soil, and the
slavery of a portion of our brethren. Italy can no
longer abide this shame. This is a shame for
twenty-five millions of men, and it must cease in a
few days from this time. Yes, Rome is ours. Yea,
Rome or death. (The crowd—' Rome or death !')
It was from Marsala that the cry of liberty went
forth. From Marsala let this cry go forth to-day;
Rome or death '.' And this cry will resound not
only in the Peninsula, but will find an echo through-
out all Europe, and wherever the name of liberty
has not been profaned. We only want what be-
longs to us. Yee, that which belongs to us—for
Rome is ours. Rome or death. (The crowd—
' Rome or death.') Yes, Rome or death !' (The
crowd—' Rome or death !') This cry will weigh
more in the balance of diplomacy than all the
prayers in the world. We are tired of praying.
No more protestations, no more prayers. Let
Napoleon know, once for all, that Rome and
Venice belong to us—that the brethren of Rome
and Venice are our brethren. We owe
gratitude to the people of France. Yes, the
French people are with us. They are our brethren.
Napoleon . . . . did not make war in 1859 for
Italy. We have given him Nice and Savoy, and
he wished for something else. Yes, I know it. He
has worked to aggrandise his family. He has one
prince ready for Rome, and another for Naples, and
so on. I know it. . . . We do not require
prayers. The people of France are with us. Let
Napoleon 111. quit Rome, and Rome is ours.
I am happy to-day at being with you, for I have
good reason to be your friend. Adieu !"
Garibaldi made a present of his portrait to Mar-
sala ; he also gave one to Palermo, and will present
a third to Messina.

AUSTRIA.
FRANKFORT, Jour 28.

The cabinet of Vienna, in consequence of the
recognition of Italy and the refusal of Prussia to
the entrance of Austria into the Zollverein, has
renounced taking any part in the policy set forth
in the circular of Count de Bertstorff of the 27th
ult. relative to the Dauo-Gerinan Duchies.
VIENNA, JULY 29.

The Chamber of Deputies has decided by a large
majority that it will, without delay, discuss the
budget of 1863. The Bohemian and Polish frac-
tions declared that they would not take any part
in the discussion.

POLAND.
The Cuts of Cracow denies the existence of any
conspiracy at Warsaw.

THE EASTERN QUESTION.
TRIESTE, JULY 29.

Several agents are going through the Voiwode,
Servia, Hungary, Croatia, and Sclavonia, collecting
bands of volunteers, in order to make au irruption
into Bosnia.. The Servian government hail, it is
said, nothing at all to do with those operations.
Accounts from Belgrade state that Prince Michael
enjoys the greatest popularity. He urgently de-
' mends of the conference at Constantinople the de-
molition of the Turkish fortresses. Public opinion
in the cotratny is opposed to any compromise on
that point.