The Express.
London, England, 1847-06-29 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 9. 1847,

re• s
allowed every measure proposed to be
earn, end braved the undisguised contempt
who felt their triumph to be rather in the im-
OP" which their speeches end votes made out of
ribrsee, than in demolishing opponents who had
objeoseve their offices, to make them redoubtable. '
eppreesian ministers have now to settle their ac-
lot 'lathe King. whom they have placed in the
otrad position of seeing all his demands rejected
do first parliament he assembled around him.
VlgraiLheilishplsa3nendatirmthuse dinetitsvperant.se
uresofnthoeptaroc!
site how the King will act on this occasion.
pug appear as if no stone had been left unturned
smile the royal mind, even to the length of heap-
wigwam unpopularity on the ministers' heaps,
„Air to provoke an outbreak of feeling that
toll forth a violent step on the side
op king. The diet was ushered in by a series of
▪ Ildisanco, some of a popular, others of a die-
WA/oy, and mere of a highly unpopular, charte-
What made the appearance of these devices the
rsstisely was, that they all affected subjects the
jou* of which was, by the promise of the late
kilo reserved f the central diet. These ordinances
iseshen followed up by others deeply affecting the
*O. and even the security of property, of indivi-
ilk while the diet was assembled, sued, in some
owes, while the questions to which they related
isi bosoms embodied in petitions to the crown. The
go
glaring instance of disrespect to the assembled
beisalforded by a decree published on the very day
• the vote respecting the adoption of a property
to wss passed. It emanated from the bureau of the
Iffesider of Clerical Affairs. In despite of the strong
's__ ion in favour of the catholic dissidents,
Wit the diet has all along manifested, and notwith-
ouliag the majority which supported the petition,
tut cull employments should in no way be made
Ant upon religious convictions, this decree
i he instantaneous dismissal of every teachef at
yol who leaves the ltomau Catholic Church for
imertrjlum opened to those who doubt the Pope's

71Cob o il.
li.wonder at the strong expression which the
formally affrdrd of detlft-ing want of all eon-
in the ministry called forth? Some disap-
pistment was doubtless felt at the quiet and matter-
HIM discussion which preceded this decisive vote.
Ilss the tone of this whole episode, in the parlia-
soary history of Europe, has been one that evinces
isell-command in the men placed in the critical
saspienous position which the" members of the
Ulan occupied. The bold policy adopted by the
Ilei at BAVARIA is a precedent that, in the present
at men's minds, can neither be sneered at nor
' . Germany wants a leader, and between a
ors and an orator the choice would naturally, on an
urgency, be decided by the substantial qualities
Olive desired on the throne. In a similar case to
ilhe present crisis in Prussia, Prince METTERNICTI
&play kit more tact than has hete been shown. The
lbagarian diet manifested, some years ago, a disponi-
tim to insist upon certain points being yielded
by the crown. The Chancellor of Hungary
was ready to carry out any violent measures
dot might be wished at Vienna, and is said to
lure only demanded that 10.1,000 additional troops
&ski be quartered in Hungary to enable him to
levy the customary taxes without summoning the
&t at all. This motion, after mature deliberation in
the council, was wisely given up.; but as a matter of
wee the chancellor had to resign, and the present
diseellor was appointed, who introduced the con-
fusions demanded in a manner that reconciled the
fgeity of the crown with the interests of the people.
The people of central Europe cannot be expected to
se such things done in the far east, and remain con-
tented with the rule of a minister who brings them
into unnecessary conflict with the sovereign in the
manner that has been effected at Berlin; and the
'leeches at the dinner to be given by the King to his
hithful estates, at the termination of their labours,
may prove amusing as well as edifying, unless some•
thing is done to rescue all parties from the false
position into which the ministers have led them.

IT is astonishing how sceptical men in office are as
to the possibility of men in office doing anything
wrong. When Mr. T. Dcscovirin —now as long ago
u the 26th of January last--moved, in the House of
Commons, for a committee on the condition and ge-
nre' treatment of the convicts in the hulks at Wool-
wich, be was civilly told that his statements were
muse. It was utterly impossible to believe that
the gentlemen, whose duty it was to superintend the
convicts could be guilty of the conduct imputed to
them." "It was impossible to speak of the superin-
tmdent of convicts in reference to the discharge of
his important duties but in terms of the highest enlo-
pm.' The lengthy report of Capt. WILLIAMS on
the state of this be-praised institution, and the bulky
minutes of evidence upon which that report is based, 11
meow before the public, and this official eulogy of
officials will require to be " craftily qualified."
With respect to the superintendent, his nephew,
who is nominally his clerk, has by his own account,
" foe several years been iu the habit of signing the
mperintendcnt's name to official documents, and has
been subsequently to his appointment as clerk, "en-
- wed in business in the Strand." The uncle has
4001. a year, and an allowance of 1311. annually, " as
rent for an office," which is not used. The nephew
lass 2571. per annum. Captain WILLIAMS reports
that " the visitorial duties of the superintendent have
been most imperfectly performed." The official inter-
s:muse of the superintendent with the officers in the
hulks "has been carried on in a very great degree by
verbal communications, made on casual visits of the
officers to the Home-office, of which no record
exists." It was proved on the inquiry that
"on three occasions boats manned by convicts
have been sent away from the ships on private
services for the officers of the establishment."
That on one of these ocem-ions the errand was to send
a desk to the superintendent which had been 'made
for him by a convict carpenter on board the Warrior,
sad on another to carry up salt water for a bath for the
saperiatendent. It was also proved, with respect to
a plot of ground which the Ordnance authorities
have allowed to be cultivated as a garden for the use
otthe convict establishment attached to the arsenal,
that "the gardea has been cultivated by convict
labour, the vegetables distributed among the officers
and convict., and small quantities have occasionally
been sent to the superintendent in London." In short,
this official, of whom "it was impossible toe peak
bat in terms of the highest eulogium, has
fur years drawn a salary for which he did
no duty, received an allowance as rent for an office
which he did not use, employed the convicts to bring
set water to London for his baths, cabbaged their
eabbage, and indulged in similar petty items of ship-
purser-like peculation.
Under such superintendence it was to be feared,
aotwithstanding the high official disclaimer at the
beginning of the session, that it was not " utterly
impossible to believe Mr. Deecomnes charge
against the parties immediately charged with the
uperintendence of the convicts. Catain WILLIAMS
lame up his description of the high-minded gen-
tleman whose incapability to do wrong was so
strongly vouched for, in these pithy words :
" Several of the officers employed in the convict
establishment at Woolwich are manifestly incapable
of performing their duties satisfactorily, in conse-
quence of age and infirmity ; others are so tainted by
long habit with the vicious system of employing the
resorts in work for themselres, and other trregulari-
lin; and the evidence develops against others cases
of each a suspicious character, that, after giving the
sebject every consideration, I feel I can do no less
than advise a thorough re-organisation of the whole
body,
Really it would appear that the charges advanced
by Mr. Duecomne on the 26th of January last have
been amply established. And it ought also to be kept
in mind that his case has been proved under great
difficulties. Mr. DUNCOM BZ was taunted when
be made his motion with asking for a committee in-
stead of a commission. He was sneeringly reminded
that the commission charged with the inquiry into the
kale of the Millbank Penitentiary, which he demanded
but year, had declared the allegations upon which he
asked it not proved. It was ironically insinuated
that he thought "a commission, before which the
witnesses could be examined on oath, a less satiafac-
try nude of arriving at the truth of statements
floss a committee of the house, before which the
witnesses enuld he examined on oath." And after
this laboured display of small wit the inquiry was
delegated not to a commission authorised to examine
as oath, but to a simple inspector of prisons not so
Ilathurised* 1
zi "The testimony," says CaptainWitmems.,
is his reeert, " not 844) war oath, will be found
MU; deaultory, and contradictory."

AN interesting report on Russian intercourse with 1,
China, will be found in another column.
The most important statement in this document, to
which we alluded in our comments on the late move-
ment against Canton, is, that the Russian mission at
Pekin has been allowed to assume a political cha-
racter, and that the new envoy is supposed to be
already at Pekin. As it is highly improbable that
the Chinese Emperor will acquiesce in the settlement
of the Canton row, without some inquiry into the cir-
cumstances of a war made and a peace concluded
against and by one of his gsvernors, without his
own imperial knowledge and intervention, a renewal
of diplomatic intercourse with him is inevitable on
the part of Great Britain. The opportunity ought to
be seized for insisting upon the reception of a resident
Erglish envoy as of a resident Russian envoy at
Pekin. Without this concession on the part of the
liege lord of the "Central Flowers•," there can be
no prospect of continuous pacific relations, or of a
healthy extension of our trade with China.
It is not merely the tumultuous democracies of the
great towns like Canton and Voo-choo-foo, who com-
pel their governors to rule according to their most
turbulent wishes instead of by law. Piracy is, from
the mouth of the Yang-tee-Kiang to the island of
Hainan, an hereditary profession all along the southern
coasts of China. The most faithful subjects of the
dynasty of Ming betook themselves to the waters as
soon as the Tartars became masters of the laud, and
the boldest spirits of the Chinese have carried on war
by water against vessels of all nations, both under
Mongols and Islantchoos. The governors pay black-
mail, too, or wheedle the rabbles of the towns and
rubbers of the seas into observing so much of legality
and external decorum as to prevent suspicion of their
inability to rule being known at head-quarters. From
governors who haven° power to com pel justice to be done
to foreigners, and who conceal the fact from their master,
lest he should depose them, no protection from law-
less aggression can be obtained by Englishmen in
China so long as we have not some one at head-
'porters to present our complaints immediately to the
imperial government. We have no other alterna-
tive, in the event of direct and immediate communiea-
tion with the central government at Pekin being
refused, but either at once to withdraw from Chins,
or commence a repetition of our progress in Hin-
dostan.
The extent to which the report we have alluded
to shows that Russian woollen fabrics find a market
in northern China and Tartary, is a proof that we
have not as yet gathered more than the scanty first-
fruits of Chinese trade.

A SUGGESTION has been made, in the matter of the
Ctxrox memorial, which seems very deserving of
attention.
To escape the various shoals which the unskilful-
ness of designers, the errors of judges, and the gross-
ness of the public taste place around the suggested
commemoration, whether by a statue or a fountain
and light pillar, it is proposed that the sum collected
for a Cavrosi monument be appropriated to the
building and endowment of an almshouse or hospital
for decayed printers.
We trust that this scheme will meet with duo con-
sideration from the committee.
In the first place, such a building may be combined
with the personal honouring of CAXTON by
the erection, in some conspicuous part of it,
of a statue of the first English printer.
With such men as MARSHALL, FOI.EY, and BELL
among our rising sculptors, we are pretty safe to
secure a statue which shall not be ridiculous as that
of NELSON, which no one can see, or monstrous as
that of WELLINGTON which no one can help seeing.
The front of an almshouse affords a site for a statue
neither absurd like a high column which lifts the
figure out of sight, nor disproportioned like an arch
which inverts the established relations of the figure
and pedestal. Moreover, we possess architects who
can design a fine building; witness the almost com-
pleted buildings of the Treasury, the new houses of
parliament, many of our lately opened streets—those
about Leicester-square, for example, and the Blooms-
bury continuation of Oxford-street—and the many
richly built churches of our PCGINS and SALVINS.
Such a building, with such a statue, would, as it
seems to us, represent most properly the peculiar
nature of this commemoration of CAXTON. It is leas
a monument to the man that is wanted than a me-
morial of the introduction of his art into this coun-
try. The asylum for decayed printers seems a
graceful as well as a practically useful record of the
latter event, while the figure of the pro,of yingraphus
himself connects him with it as ho deserves to be
Connected.
Printers are a class the nature of whose work
I superannuates them at a comparatively early period.
I The eyesightsuffers in night-work, amid the bewilder-
ing niceties of minion and diamond types. In some
I large printing-offices there is a sort of enforced fore-
sight, the men being compelled as a condition of
employment to lay aside a portion of their earnings.
There are also clubs among the different chums
employed in the printing-office, and associations for
their relief, supported by the capitalists of the trade,
as well as the men themselves. Bat with all these'
1 aids, the sober and industrious compositor often finds
himself at fifty, half blind, indigent, and out of work,
after a life of labour, with a family still in part de-
pendent on his earnings.
There would be many and deserving applicants for
the shelter of such en asylum. We do not, in all
cases, eonsider the foundation of such places de-
sirable. They are very liable to be perverted from
their proper objects. Their funds are often misma-
naged, and their aid distributed by gross jobbery
and unworthy favouritism. Bat it would be easy
to guard against these mischiefs in this case, by en- 1
teadag the trustee ship of the asylum to a body not I
too large, and comprising the most respectable master
printers for the time being, who may employ regu-
larly above a certain number of hand., specially pro-
viding, at the same time, against the possibility of
their introducing unfairly into the asylum their own
worn-out servants.
At any rate the usual abuses which beset each
charities being well known, it would net be a very
difficult matter to guard against them, in a case
where a great body of the public unite their contribu-
tions to erect and endow the asylum, and, conse-
quently, can fairly claim a right to have the utmost
publicity given to all the details of its administration.
We do not see any reason why literary men should
be included in the advantages of such an asylum as
bas been proposed by a correspondent.
We urge this matter on public attention. There can be
no question that the consideration of art must, by no
means, be lost sight of on such an occasion. But art
may be perfectly well and worthily employed in the
designing of such a building, with its accompanying
statue. If the funds allowed of it (which is not very
probable), painting might be called in to aid sculpture
and architecture. With the doe regard to artistic
commemoration of CAXTON, this project of an asylum
for printers combines the carrying out of a highly
benevolent and practically useful object. On these
grounds we recommend it to attention.

Oar letters and the Paris journals of Sunday con-
tinue to be engrossed with the details of official cor-
ruption disclosed in the parliamentary inquiries and
discussions now held in the French capital. If the
ministerial majority in the Deputies have smothered
the Girardin scandals in the chamber, the journalist
majority in the press has made ample amends for this
out of doors. One journal only, the Dawes, defends
the cabinet. Of the three which it lately influenced,
one is defunct from want of public support, another
has found means of augmenting its subscription list
by turning against the cabinet, and the third alone
remains in the breach. On Saturday the report of
M. Renouard was brought before the Court of Peers
assembled in secret sitting in the council chamber.
This document, which was published in the
Dakais on Sunday, occupies twenty closely-printed
columns of a supplement to that journal. The court,
after hearing it, and the statement of M. l)elangle,
the Attorney-General, read, came to the decision that
sufficient ground had been established to bring under
impeachment two members of the Chamber of Peers,
and two other persons of rank, wealth, and considera-
tion. Accordingly, an impeachment for haying, in
1842, corrupted, by aim gifts, and presents, the
Minister of Public Works, been ordered to be
preferred against General Cubigres, peer or France,
and late Minister of War ; M. Pellapra, late Receiver-
General ; and M. Parmentier, advocate ; and also
against General Cubieres and M. Pellapra, for having,
on the same occasion, resorted to fraudulent pretences
to obtain the money of other parties; and finally
ogoittet, M. Testa, peer of France, and late
ac
Minister of
Public Works, for laming, on the same occasion, -

cepted offers, and received gifts and presents, as in-
ducements to do certain official acts.
M. Teeth is impeached under the 177th and 179th
articles of the code, which attaches to the crime of
which he is charged an infamous punishment. MM.
Cubieres and Pellapm are charged under the 405th
article, which renders the acts of which they are
charged escroquerie, or swindling. It is not expected
that the trial will come ou until the early part of
July.
The great reform banquet projected by the liberal
opposition is fixed for the 7th July, and will take
place in the gardens of the Chiteau Rouge. It will
Include the deputies of every shade of opposition who
are partisans of electoral and parliamextary reform,
the editors and contributors to the journals, &e.
Count Girardin has published the following letter
in La l'resse, in reply to M. Onizot's observations in
the Chamber of Deputies:
The Minister of Foreign Affairs, not having given a satis-
factory answer to several letters I wrote to bun, requesting
explanations, and principally on the strange lecture he made
at the Chembre des Deputes on the 17th June, of a letter
written by the Depute de Bourganeuff, in 1838, I consider it
my duty to declare that I have &twists been ignorant of tke
existence of this letter; and that I should have rejected the
offer of the peerage in 1838, as I did in 1816, that 11 to say,
on conditions as dishonourable for him who would have ac-
cepted them as far the minister who could have proposed
them.—Lieut—Gen. Comte Dr GIILAIWIN.—Paris, June
27, 1847.

The Madrid journals with the letters of our corre-
spondent have arrived, the latter of which we give
elsewhere. The Nuncio has delivered to Queen Isabella
a letter from the Pope, in which his Holiness expresses
the utmost sorrow for the unhappy differences be-
tween her Majesty and the Prince Consort, and en
earnest hope that they may soon be terminated. A
band of Montemolinists in the neighbourhood of Bur-
gos, hailed by the Cabecilla, called El Estudiante.
have burned one of the signal-houses of the line of
telegraphs so as to suspend for the present that mode
of communication.
El Curreo repeats the assertion that King Louis
Philippe has addressed an autograph letter to the
Prince Consort.

All the advices which arrive from Switzerland in-
dicate the approach of a crisis in the confederacy, and
the final solution of the difficulties raised by the sepa-
ratist cantons. The share which foreign diplomacy
has taken in these movements confers on them a
spurious international character, notwithstanding their
intrinsic domestic interest. In a fortnight from the
present time the Federal Diet, which is the legisla-
tive body of the union of the Swiss cantons, will be
in full session. This body is composed of delegates
sent from the grand councils or independent legisla-
tures of the several cantons. It assembles at present
at Berne, and is presided over by M. Ocheenbein, the
president of that canton. The chief questions which
will occupy the attention of the diet will be those by
which, in fact, Switzerland is and has been for a
considerable time distracted, even to the imminent
risk of civil war; viz., the dissolution of the
ultra-montane league, and the expulsion of the
Jesuits. These points having been already de-
bated in the cantonal legislatures, tho dele-
gates sent by them respectively to the diet are fur-
nished with instructions so definite as to strip them
of all deliberative character, and convert them into
mere mouthpieces for the utterance of the votes of the
cantons on these questions. It is now certain that
the majority of the delegates are vimmissioned to
vote in the affirmative on both these questions. Most
of the delegates are instructed to vote for the most
vigorous and prompt measures for carrying this into
effect. There are three or four, however, whose
powers are not so extensive as to warrant them in
voting for the forcible intervention of the federal
executive in the cantons is the contingency of re-
sistance on the part of the latter to the federal
authority ; and before the decision of the mea-
sures necessary to enforce the dissolution of the
league, and the expulsion of the Jesuits, these
delegates will have to apply to the cantonal
authorities for fresh instractions. Recourse to
force on the part of the Vorort, or executive
body of the diet, seems inevitable ; for it is certain on
the one hand that the diet will vote these measures,
and it is scarcely less certain on the other that the
cantons of the league, or some of them, will resist
them by armed force. The cantons of Lucerne and
the Valais have explicitly declared through their
governments that they will resist by armed force any
decree of the diet having for its object either the
dissolution of the Sunderbund, or the expulsion of the
Jesuits.
The efforts made by French diplomacy, seconding
that of the despotic states of Eastern Europe, to
check the progress of the liberal cantons, and protect
the league, has only been followed by an augmenta-
tion of that influence it was directed to suppress.
The majority of the diet favourable, to a revision
of the federal pact, either by means of the existing
powers of the diet or by a constituent assembly, is
increased by every election. Some of the cantons,
suck as St. Gall and Soleure, which had been in some
measure neutral, have now joined the majority, stint-
ulated to repulse foreign intervention on questions
purely national; and at present there are thirteen can-
tons and a half which have given definite instructions
to their delegates, among which are included the
leading cantons of Berne, Geneva, Bale, and Zurich.
The French ambassador has lately made a tour of
the cantons, and used his influence to induce those of
the Grisons and Tessino to give qualified instructions
to their delegates. No success, however, attended
this measure. It appeare,therefore, that the menacing
communication of M. Bois le Comte to M. Ochbensein,
instead of intimidating the smaller cantons, has only
roused them to more energetic measures. The council
of war of the diet, the first military authority of the
confederacy, has just assembled at Berne, and the two
federal colonels, MM. Rattiman, of Lucerne, and
Zeigler, of Zurich, who have declined seats in it be-
cause M. Ochbensein presides over it, have been re-
placed by two superior officers of the liberal party.

MADRID, JUNE 22.
The depositions of the witnesses examined in the
trial of L% R. vs, have been publish.d in the Coerce of to-
day ; which, however, came out so late that I have barely
time to send you a meagre outlive of the facts whieh result
from these documents. The most important testimony is
that of Francisco Fernandes, a hackney-coachman. This
witness deposed that at half-past two in the afternoon of the
4th of May, he took up a person, subsequently identified
with La Rita, and a lady, at No. 13, Calle de la Concepcion
Oeronima, the house in which La Rita lodged. After
driving his fare about to a number of different shops and
places, the lady got out, and La Rive remained in the
carriage alone. Between six and seven be set down La
Rita at a shooting.gallery, and waited for him there till a
quarter after seven. Here the evidence of the armourer's
shop-people takes up the story. After La Rita had fired 24
pistol-shots at the target, he asked Stephen, the lad in at-
tendance, to load for him a brace of pistols, which he had.
It appears that Lv Rita had left one of the pistols the day
before to be mended. He produced the fellow to it
now from his pocket. Stephen gave him the one, which he
had left the day before, repaired. He loaded them both, and
La Ries put them in his pocket. La Rive now drove to the
Presto, where he fell in with the line of carriages which
frequent that promenade in the evening. Before 8, he de-
sired the coachman to leave the file, and drive to the Calls
de Alcols, where he made the coachman pull up nearly
opposite the great inn of the Pates Peninsular's, on the
,r4ht hand side of the way as you drive from the Prado
the Puer•• del Sol. He remained inside the carriage these.
After the chaise had remained about 20 minutes in this way,
the Queen came driving by in her carriage from the Peados*
the usual rapid rate, surrounded by her grooms and mows
ries. The Queen's coachman deposed that at the moms..
of his passage before the Pastas Penineulares, a wagon on the
other side of the road obliged him to approach the
pavement on the right hand, where he saw the chaise
drawn up. Hs approached the chaise nearer than he
otherwise should have done in consequence, and just when
be was passing it he heard two reports, one immediately
succeeding the other. He turned his head, expecting to re.
ceive orders from the queen. The queen motioned him to
drive on. He drove on through the Puerta del Sol into the
Calle Mayor, where the queen ordered him to stop. Her
Majesty was accompanied by Don Francisco de Paula and
his daughter the Infanta Josephs. She mentioned the two
shots. He then received orders to drive with increased
speed to the palace.
The Clamor of the 20th fires a brosdpide of questions at
the Correo upon the monetary decree, to each of which it
desires a categoric answer of yes or no. There arguments
seem to me not the less deserving of attention because the
Correa, having had two full days to prepare itself, has not
taken the leas. notice of them. I, therefore, present you the
substance of these remarks in a condensed shape.
The Spanish dollar contains 489 4 grains of pure silver : the
isabelino, or new dollar, 450. Therefore the creditor who is
obliged to receive 20 new rcals, or an isabelino, instead of a
Spanish dollar, will lose rather more than 8 per cent, The
loss occasioned by the tariff of 1823, fixing the French dollar
at 19 reals (referring to the same standard of the Spanish
dollar is equivalent to 20 reels) was 3 per cent. Therefore
the decree, instead of curing this evil, as it professes in its
preamble, has introduced another evil of the same kind, but
greater by 6 per cent. Now the new isabelino is equal in
weight and alloy to the French dollar, and therefore contains
the same quantity of pure silver. But, the isabelino repre-
sent* 20 reels, while the French dollar represents only 19,
Therefore the possessor of a French dollar changing the

ihr an halsedine pays one real to cover lisodillasence of
ins representative value, and thus incurs a loss off/ per cant.
Therefore the holden of French dollars will naturally melt
them down and sell them in the shape of ingots or import
them. The government, consequently, will not be able to
lay hands upon the 5-franc pines, paying for them at the
rate of 19 realm, and melt them down to make isabelinos, as
the deem pretends. Moreover, the exchange on Paris, or
the French money given in exchange for the Spanish dollar,
is 5 francs 24 centimes, and below its intrinsic par. The in.
trinsio pa of the imbelino, above which it will not rise, will be
4f. 95e. Therefore the Spanish merchant will receive from
his French debtor 29 or 30 centimes leas than his due for
every sum of 28 orals owing to him ; in other words, will lose
6 per cent. The porticos of the decree which relate to
changes in the gold coinage sre equally unsound. The new
neaten, representing 100 new reale, contains 145.35 grains of
pure gold. Now, the gold coin called ounce, at present in
circulation, contains 474.34 grains of pure gold: therefore,
according to the proportion of the centen and real fixed by
the decree, the ounce ought to represent 326.35 reals. But
the decree fixes its value et 320 ! The ounces, therefore, los-
ing as coins, relatively to the centens, 2 percent. of their value,
will be, of cosine, like the 5-franc pieces, withdrawn from
circulation and melted down; or will be exported to places
where 82 francs and more may be pot for them, instead of the
80 fixed by the decree. The s•franc pieces and the gold
ounces will therefore disappear. The government cannot
immediately replace these main elements of the currency with
a new coinage, partly from want of the precious metals, and
want of funds to buy them ; and partly because if these wants
were supplied, the mint istablishments in actual existence
would not be able to produce in a year, nor even in many
years, all the coin necessery. The coasequence will be a
frightful monetary nixie.

ITALY.—Rout, JUNE 19.-- The anniversary of
the accession of Pius IX., was celebrated not only in the
Roman States, but in Tuscany, and in the Duchy of Parma.
Disturbances broke out on this occasion at Parma. Oa the
16th a solemn high mass was celebrated, and was attended
by a great part of the population ; about 100 young men then
went lathe different quarters of the town, distributing bread
and flour to the poor. In the evening general illuminations
took place. The bishop, who is an Austrian, the commander
of the garrison, and a Swiss colonel, had unfortunately not
illuminated their hotels. The populace assembled in crowds
before their respective residences, and testified their displea-
sure by booting them anti breaking their windows with
stones. The garrison wan called up to arms ; some detach-
ments of infantry, and a equndron of cavalry, arrived on the
spot, and, without any warning, immediately fell upon the
crowd, wounding men, women, and children. The popu-
lace gathered together in crowds, on the 17th, and assumed
• menacing attitude. The military displayed on their side
the greatest vigour, and several persons have been arrested.
Count Cutelli, n.aycr of Parma, has protested against the
conduct of the military authorities, and has sent his reek.
mations in to the Arch-Duchess Maria-Louisa, who is now
taking the waters in Germany.
HOLLAND.—By letters dated on Sunday last, re-
ceived in the City this morning, it is stated that serious riots
had taken place in certain districts in Friseland. They
commenced on the Friday evening previous at Harlingen,
and had their origin in woe shipments of potatoes going for-
ward to England. Several houses were sacked, and among
them those of the burgomaster, principal notaries, and pee-
ket agents. The destruction and plunder ►t the burgo-
inuter's alone was estimated at 100,000 florins. The go-
vernor of the province arrived at length with troops, mud put
down the rioting; but tranquillity was not re-established
before Sunday morning. In the mean time, profiting by the
absence of the governor and moat of the troops, similar die-
tu chances broke cut at Leeuwarden, the chief town of the
province, where it is said bloodshed ensued from the troops
firing on the people before order could be restored. The
two British packets in port, Magnet and John Bull, were
attacked with stones, and the captain of the latter severely
wounded. It is stated that after the tumult was over, the
crews of those vessels collected and cut overboard no less
than nine tons of the stony missiles with which they bad
been assailed.
OEHMANY.—BERLIN,JI:NE2S.—The official jour-
nal has published in its number of this day the debates of the
19th inst., in the Second, and of the 17th inst. in the First
Chamber. Their substence appeared in the Daily Neva.
The political circles of this capital bad fixed definitively the
close of the diet for to-morrow ; as yet, however, there is no
sign from head-quarters. Ministerial councils have been fre-
quently held of late. An impression is abroad that the King
intends to yield to the request that the legislature be con-
vened periodically, but that he will not condescend to inti-
mate so much on dismissing them. Some anxiety is felt by
ministers teat the deputies should refuse to elect either
standing committees or the committee on state debts. A
few days ago the collective First Chamber and about 100
deputies were invited to • great Me at Sans Souci. It is
remarked that none of the members who voted in the ma-
jorities against the court were invited, and not one of the
Rhenish members.
GERMAN UNIVERSITIES.—Professor Albrecht, one
of the seven deposed Gottingen professors, has received a
call from the faculty of law at Munich. It is said that the
King of Hanover, annoyed by the falling off in the attend-
ance on his university (it had about 1,300 students in 1824,
at present it has under 600), has resolved to take the office
of rector inagnificus on himself. That will settle it:
SWEDEN.—STOCKHOLY, JUNE 14.—A rescript,
dated the 11th of the month, authorises the free impartation
of corn into all parts of the Swedish dominions.