The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-25 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS,• sAy uup;&Y

aka Vat Is the outset there haloes "vat halt la adept-
*, the prisaiples of the vow poor k*, asapaist re-
✓ealable pow yorme to May up doh Ode hems sod
vete bas wahhsaes. They mom Maaaeavelled be-
n▪ v paearaeat .pavatej henget thaz
_bad VI *no ***
tars to, "hams by a litth oat-door renal Intim istrbooe
of friends they might 'be rendered equally saelbetable with
to. expense to the parish.—Mr. Ben numb! the It he at
saes Man& to the rota eanunittee to sweet thartaa.—Mr.
asuadad the resolution, whisk wee at ewes pat
awl serried MOPS. eon., and the board, alto env general
Malaise, seperated.
INQUEST, YFBTERDAT.—Tag TOYIIBMILM MDR-
DEA—Bakes Mr. William Baker, at the residence of Mn.
Halves, Clay-hill, Tottenham, respecting the death of Lewis
Mucked, eget' 35 years, who died from the effects of a
ennui Misled ea kis *rest with a tahloknife by Mr.
Thomas Mackintosh Davidson, a lunatic. The unfortunate
=appeared before a full bench of magistrates at the
Sessions, on Thursday, and was committed for
trial fir the wilful murder of the deceased. Yesterday he
was taken to the Central Criminal Court, and a true bill was
found against him. The particulars of the case appeared in
our impression of yesterday. At the insaest, Mr. Hooper,
surgeon, deposed that he had examined the deceased'.
wound, and found the left jugular vein divided, and also
some important arteries. Other evidence having been
adduced, the coroner summed up at great length, and the
jury, after two hours' consultation, returned • verdict of
" Wilful Murder" against Mr. Thomas Mackintosh David-
son. The unfortunate deceased has left a wife and three
children.

IRELAND.
DUBLIN, Strr. 23.
Your readers are already prepared to learn that,
even at this early period, destitution to an alarming
extent exists. In communications from the Queeas
County and from Mayo--n midland and a west=
county—misery is depleted in melancholy colours, ani
the indisposition to put the poor-law effectively into
operation is complained of with severity. The Mayo
papers state that the several relief committees around
Westport have held a meeting there, and, after re-
turning thanks to the British Relief Aseociation,which
had come to their aid before the measures of the go-,
vernment were matured, and returning thanks to the
government and the local relief inspector, they state
that they are compelled by the condition of the people
"earnestly to implore a continuance of relief, espe-
cially of industrial employment." They add, that
they, have the authority of the police, after
rigid inquiry, for asserting that there are at
this moment in Clare Island, 600 persons in a state of
destitution ; that there is not in the island of Innis-
turk as much tillage this year as would maintain its
population for one month, and that in that island and
Boffin there are 600 individuals suffering the
pains of starvation. The Castleber paper complains
that numbers of poor people, certified as destitute by
the warden, had been refused admission into the Castle-
bar workhouse. I may also mention that a state-
ment in the Limerick paper, that the stores held by
the government of Sir Robert Peel in 1843 have all
been taken for a year certain—a circumstance which
would indicate that the authorities are fully alive to
the condition of the country.
The Enniscorthy relief committee have published
the results of their labours. They expended in relief
1,126/. 14s. 2d., with which they distributed 234,869
rations, at ltd. per ration. The persons relieved
averaged 3,000 per day, and they congratulate them-
selves that of a population of 12,000 souls, there has
not been one case of death by star ration. The guar-
dians of this union still refuse to levy any rate ex-
ceeding that which the poor-law requires, although
the highest rate for that purpose in any division does
not exceed is. 9d. It was to this union, and in order
to appease their complaints, that the liberal determi-
nation of the Treasury to limit present rates to 3s. in
the pound, was first communicated.

DEPUTATION PROM KERRY TO TEE LORD LIEUTANANT,
—The following gentlemen waited on Tuesday an a deputa-
tion from the county of Kerry, on his Excellency the Lord
Lieutenant, and Sir William Somerville, at the Park: Wil-
liam Talbot Crosbie, Esq., D.L., Ardfert Abbey; Pierce
Mahony, Esq., D.L., Kilmory ; Rowland Bateman, Esq.,
J.P., Oak-park; and Robert Conway Hickson, Esq., J.Y.
Fermo le; to call the attention of the Loth Lieutenant and
Chief Secretary to the following resolutions of the late grand
jury for that county :
3. Resolved : That we are of opinion that the wale of taxation, as
explained by the report of our committee, cannot be realised; and that
as any attempt to enforce it must be attended with the utmost danger
to the pesos of this wanly, we earnestly submit for the consideration
of her Majesty's government, the expediency and the necceetY for
advancing from the public tressury the monies nearly to com-
plete the roads referred to (estimated at 73,9331. 115. 74.), and the
present relief rate (estimated at 43,2117.), whereby the grew debt of
this county for 1847 would be 234,2181. 13s. 7d.; and to accept its re-
payment in twenty-two yeses, by a fixed annuity of 81 per sent., by
which arrangement the half -yearly inMelmmns, become Peeahl.hy
this county, la redemption of that debt, would he 7,7471. Ice 238,2181.
principal money, instant of paying at March, 1848 (es ehewn by the
report of our committee), 10,2b31., as an half-yearly instalment and
interest on a debt of 121,034. The effect would be to make the
bait-yearly charges on this county as follows:
Ordinary Grand Jury Cele £11,891 19 8
Poor-rate estimated at la. per pound half-yearly 17,481 0 8
Instalment as stove 7,747 0 0

Grow half-yearly charge after crenidleg for
the repayment of 239,21114 Wend of MOW .. C 44099 19 9
4. Berolved That Ude Onad airy yet wordy um. her What
=tand with the feat pewit. gyp, Is edema
it other raeseensdso wed* asir the seventh Adage
Aces owl the f Preimety Ards, new* deem—a.
Set am see sif *sift het the as of tamales shoshi to totneol se
math se mealda so as to earl the meamt rest of isdommint
to thew pepel ees wttsaw wellsg ls elledloopi their duties, mast
dr aims Ow to how do burden ma ewe who wilfully
*oboist
_Slept mai property has ha dais es ,at ee its
ansivedi not we we of OPUROR that the Waal et
this wasubsedit re en their energy to carry Isis abet Lewd
es hat melon ; and above all. lhat teary iambi slime (as
=11:2) the wiesteis of m tenant somprearam as that hares-
user. may brew In tenure their wrier wise bash...
se the beet mem to ;wade amisymnit kr the able
Warms, sod dweby to Wows the ewleaters et da
eowa.-7-
_lesived : That as the esestsweent of the almlert
tot WW/A Maim of Mb aseen o% weld hada; en immedisle
seems of pallais maployment he me dame sot pear pepelation
sag Inas, no mist sernssety ressomea the suite at
nod asslog_slablee et wall.rissideod eel sedshis
:It rWNW= ef WWI" mivernmer
IN Nisd
telhirrameatad seemembasetwenejoeho far aft moo. lits
halm minis theripre:4sy law, sad ansehdp the isms=
Imsdad am= at salt saaselie- we beg te eaR
le the tithe Iltniewort, at wmase =es,
11146, ase wend mink NM; ad le Wee Mt =
drifts era beams a 08=P:flan sap be elisholly
tbzwedi a pram eisere bes&L—De. dmiteed: Thee we sweet
awls& or maw etas primal ad emessilve essMehm el tie
erate, as as ear ammrsaise at ihs Serises Imam of eso-
Moils and eswedwoheados empleymart Wilda h. Whoa wpm&
Leg ow asp wet hat, us origirdr, Osteber,
mommesiled by Ihs awar defy Rep& Amisdhwal flods*. d
dm flan* • pelt Went ssestienad, elided. sod ellpasesh by
sob wiped iment, by while pradma sea W pnblis siNNIEEN NNE
• mien et ampiemseat hes act bees long der is swath% sad
womz=sially he the lest three the =Was wit de.
tad the spereolos lasadon el With vos
weld le
bass thereby awanisa • sad we destinesod
=r lizaaws it as err asavisaa, Oa in Mae ONlllMilibeilr
to reemansdve bays inemana Medea le en miesselve
noes (thereby the slay at the wasp= le twee
tha tostieW, • illeag te assallase ter as Wawa*
aid i sesitmoyeronalheea andan
ahapiesas sidle weds'
Hby impala Tommy to thls esemy.
and the chief secretary received the depu-
te** with pat courtesy and attention, and disowned the
sinwel reeMsdiens seriatim. With regard to the third, they
=esell wet that the present depressed aisle of the re-
= =astadiedg7irkq,,,,,r,.......i.• 'lvor
trosei over' ma
ity
surprise that not shed) is
=serf :demos to the snag eppireenta.s. TM asps-
took& 66w mitts( on his exmfiessy, premeds& it the
of Tuft, =biro they hid the *mire es ham that
Mite theneamd mods had already hen meedemil by the
Tammy, to meet the first instainemie under the Landed
Pesperty Act, and that the mew would be fletheoming
immediately. To the other rossiodow his ERININAIr
sisal the fullest consideration, eases matistiesly MOM ex.
Wog tenure of college property, sod elm to the polootiso
bon Memo on the present oallabikolloodo is their meaty;
sawink reepect to the formation eta aunty board for Meal
Ms excellency was pleased to require additional
to be kid before hint as to the views of the de-
pletion ea the idiot, SO so to enable him to deliberate
apes that point mire fully.
Rowan CATNOLIC DIOCESE OP CLONPRIIT.—The Right
Rev. Dr. Derry was consecrated Roman Catholic Bishop of
Clonfert on the 21st instant. The consecrating prelate was
the Most Rev. Dr.
YOUNG IRELAND IN Coax.—The Young Irelanders have
held • meeting this week in Cork, at which a thorough Irish
row was easetied. Mr. Smith O'Brien was so ill received ea
to be unable to conclude his observations. Mr. Meagher's
edequaes almost shared a like fortune, and a Roman catholic
p lest, Mr. O'hiellane, the only one present, fared as badly.
TTfheere is little in the sentiments worth especial record : they ,
ran sot man extravagant than usual—nor any less so.
SNOCITNO Accmxwr ON HOLED A Perzsmea.—The chief
engineer of the Dublin Company's steamer the Queen
suddenly met his death on Sunday night. The Queen
was on her voyage from Belfast to Liverpool,and was
off the Isle of Man about eleven at night, when the
engineer, William Doyle, (nand it neceriay to oil some
of the orking joints of tine of the engines. Whilst
thus =gaged the vessel lurched, and the poor fellow wee
thrown off his balance, and was caught by the side lever
or working beam of the engine. He was pulled under-
neath, and before the engine could be stopped his head was
mangled in a frightful manner, both sides of the lower jaw
being literally driven into the head. The engines were
stopped at once, but too late—be was taken up quite deed.
The deceased was but 27 years of age. This unfortunately
was not the only accident. On the Queen's leaving the quay
at Liverpool on Friday, a woman, in attempting to leap on
shore, fell between the steamer and the quay, and wee
crushed to &lab.— Dublin Freeman.
STATE OF TEE COUNTRY.—The government is now INA.
enteiog upon the attention of guardians of the poor an addi-
thaol and moat anxious duty which they will have to dis-
&err from and alter the first day of October nest, namely,
the are and maintenance of the fever h itals, and other
sanitary institutions now managed by the of health
and under its instructions. The Temporary Relief Act will
expire with the last day of this month, and the fever hos-
pitals which now are maintained 17 advances made under
that act cannot, of course, continue—thaw institutions

therefore will be thrown upon the SWIMS for support, the
tends to be sitpplied frees the rata. Row moth the bar-
then of the niece is likely to to increased by this
transfer will be eppseent from the statement made
In the North Dublin anion yesterday, that it would
neeadtate the impaeltion of a at. equal to that
which the =abdomen of the workhouse and outdoor
systems required. The amounts today of the spread of
fever in the country, coming se they do from Nanagh sad
Cable, as well as from Roscommon and Necagh, indicate
how heavy will be the rates necessary to maintain the hospi-
tale in those districts. The Limerick and Clare Ezamitser
bears evidence of the spirit already manifesting itself, of
which we must expect to hear so much during the winter.
On Tuesday evening a car, laden with ears, was stopped at
Six-mile-bridge, on its way to Limerick market, a portion of
the contents carried away, and a portion spilled on the road.
Next morning another car corn•laden was seined, and all
carried off. Four men, one of them a relieving officer ueder
the poor-law, have been lodged in Limerick gaol charged
with attacking houses. An account is a midland paper of
an attempt at rescue of property seized by a landlord, does
not deserve the name of an outrage, is it ended without
violence. The landlord is the Rey. Mr. Minchin, and the
locality CloAhjordan, on the borders of Tipperary.
SCOTLAND.
-

EDIMBOROH, SEPT. 23.
The personal appearance of Jenny Lind is rather a
stale subject, but an ingenious mind will sometimes
enliven a worn-out topic. Here is the mierescopic
deariptioa of a Fife critic :
I Woe &a net orrammii by Oa tall blow a bat serabliss bee
beauty wadi be passe red to be sibanamaemy beadle wed* be
Awed la bat a goasemiNg ma*, aad ~WV la bar mink
war* sal la -bar moemeaule 'be* alotity, bet tel.
elbstwa ait=inalogestelme. le& us sea, lets mg
&A 'III a mat vasmlS=l7%l=arreit
Jertara an tot
coins to be raealleed sod doe oesdinalbee at dea wit
set of female swarmsa batty.
Mr. Kennedy, the former liberal candidate for the
Inverness burghs, lately addressed his intended con-
stituents to the effect that they ought to oppose the
return of Baron Rothschild, in order that the ruin
of the country may not be fully consummated!"
The following placard will show the state of the
public mind in Dundee regardingcapitalpunishmente:
WOOZINO NM 01 Duerr, DO war GO TO rug ZILCIffIOOI OD THOMAS

To-manow the Ohioan spesTisi el a public mmontionwlll be
exhibited Is Dodos. It that more en dagnang to the dig-
nity of balm miloso druid aro, and that a astalew lealsomy
should be bons lty 1Y oossmalty that agent - Z ler
wbotenwralma, shwa be abolhisd. sal samildsi game *alkalis
Um geed dem potellm se of les aerime. alillialud I • air
teiml .de pm. wham ma
DomielOp mloomay mbontlag sme am the prima sow
elon. ass tba peals *am In Ws town Is twirl omplot
wren Soda prommanne an your part will eskoetbaseurem
wawa pewertane ads OS the Imlle MY slmmeill:ftr.ha
do wok lowsra obasgang the law o t
mart dlls subject
A Wows, Nes.
The day being now gone by when the peddling I
system of meting lines in Largo bay will suit the
large demands of the fishmongers efforts are to be
made for deep sea fishing in the Firth. Five hun-
dred of the Thames " well" smacks are careering round
the open coeds of Scotland, while not one deck ves-
sel is sent out to the ocean from the Scottish sea-board,
fishing being carried on by nothing better than yawls,
which dabble about in the estuaries and firths. On
the west side, a thousand yard line hung with a thou-
sand hooks was recently let down some
Fifty fathoms deep
On the dark and stormy keep"—

England notes; ten Irish 11. notes; 60 sovereigns, and about
201. in silver • also a cheque on the Prestos Bank for 11.15 s ,
payable to Thomas Poole, or hearer. From the adroit
manner in which the home was entered, little doubt is en-
tertained that the robbery was effected by London thieves.
Coueos or PancarrOas.—en Thursday evening
a public meeting of Omelets and friends of education was
held at the Concert-hall, Lord Nelson-street, to receive •
deputation from the Landon College of Preceptors, who at-
tended to explain the Ware and objects of that institution.
Mr. John Smith was called to the chair, in the absence of the
mayor. Amiss of resolutions, in favour of the object of the
meeting, were inanimately adopted.
ToRKSUIRE.
THE ACCIDENT ON THE LANCASHIRE AND YORK-
smut Ratteree.—Yeeterday the government inspector of
railways returned from making his official inspection and
inquiry into the causes which led to the catastrophe which I
occurred on this line on Thursday last. Captain Simons will '
make his official report to the commissioners in • few days.
It does not appear that the accident could in any way have
been prevented, more especially with an express train,
as will be seen by the following account given by Howie&
ham, the company's chief engineer. Acme elluding to the
platelayers whose duty it n to inspect the line, Mr.
Ilawkethaii says: " I have no doubt that the last
got ofl the rails at the place where the nil wee liner:
sus a little out of its level, but not out of its pleat, and that
the carriage having got off the line there ran along until I
it struck the ash-pit, which knocked off the wheels. I think
the broken rail was quite sufficient to throw off the carriage
at the speed of an express train. I have not the slightest
doubt that the broken rail was the cause of the accident.
The fracture on the rail was quite fresh. After the express
train passed over it a goods train also want over it. It is
certainly surprising that another train passed over it
without getting off the line. A Haw might exist
for weeks in iron without being discovered, but
the moment it is broken it must go down. There
being about thirty carriages in a goods train, there
would be in succession 68 blows, like those of a tilt hammer,
striking it in that one train alone. I should think, however,
that it was very likely that an express train broke the rail.
It appeared to be a very clear fracture; there were not more
than three inches of the rail resting on the chair, so that
the other end must go down. The express train was the
worst train in such a ease. I should be glad if the public would
be satisfied with a less speed. The fact is, the express trains
I are driven for the public requirements, and not by the desire
eY'the railway companies. It is expected that the expenses
Otitis accident will not cost the company less than 10,0001.,
as it is not likely that they can offer Mr. Weston's family less
than 6,0001 , considering the lucrative situation he held.
THE WAKEFIELD FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.—An
action was tried at Wakefield on Thursday, brought by the
Rev. Dr. Carter against Mr. Holdewortb, master of the above
school, to recover the balance of an account against the de-
fendant for the education of his son. Great interest was
excited by the proceedings. The evidence of Dr. Carter in
support of his claim having been taken at the last court,
the defendant entered upon his defence, by calling upon
the Rev. S. Sharp, vicar of Wakefield, and one of
the governors of the school, to produce the charter of Eliza-
beth under which the school was founded. The charter re.
oho& that there should be • free grammar school established
rlHeimi!thg children and youth 'in grmmar and good
to consist of a master and usher." A further char-
July, 1607, directed that the master should have
li•
ra the degree of Master of Arts in the university of
either Oxford or Cambridge, and was to have no pastoral
are or he hired as a preacher. He was to instruct the chil-
dren in the principles of the Christian religion, and cause
them to attend church on the Sabbath ; and to instruct
wheat also in grammar, and the Latin and Greek tongues.
The amount of the endowment was Nil. is. 6d.—Mr. Holds-
with, who conducted his own case, contended that hie boy
bad wit horst anything more at that school than what the
shall= provided he was to be taught free of cat.—The
,Trlte )r. Carter said that the boy learnt English, writing,
a tic, geography, and the rudiments of Latin.—Mr.
Holdsworth urged that that was all included in chi words
" gold learning."—The Judge observed that Dr. Carter in
his evidence had said—" I sinbound to teach only from I
Virgil and Cesar in Latin, and from Xenophon in Greek,
upwards."—Mr. Holdsworth replied that whatever he might
consider his duties, he had no right to charge six
guineas, and his usher two guineas for teaching
that which the charter provided should be taught free.—
Mr. Sykes, for the plaintiff, contended that it was not the
duty of the head master, but of the usher to teach writing.
English, and arithmetic. But if the higher master entered
into an express contract with any inhabitant of the township
of Wakefield to teach those matters which it was the duty of
the usher to teach, he was free to charge the father of that
child for such teaching. There was evidence to show that
Dr. Carter had entered into a contract with Mr. Holdsworth
in this case, and, therefore, he was bound to pay the amount
of his agreement. There were in this account also several
items for stationery, &c , amounting to about 11., which,
though probably in strict accordance with the statutes of the
governors, Dr. Carter ought not to have supplied, yet of
course there could be no ground for refusing to pay.—Mr.
Holdsworth, in reply, contended that the Rey. Dr. Carter
had no right to make any charge at all of the six guineas a
year, since, according to the statutes, he was to teach boys
Greek and Latin, and was also to teach them grammar and
writing. He did not understand that Dr. Carter had one
class and the usher and another. The boys of each class
were all in the same apartment, and on the same floor ; there
was no elevation or separate rum. lie never, so help him
God, was told by Dr. Carter at the time he took his boy to
the school, that his charge was six guineas • year. lie would
take his oath that Dr. Carter did not state that be should
have to pay *ix guineas • year; he would have been a fool if
he had.—[The Judge . Do behave yourself properly. If you
will have the term fool yourself, you have, according to your
own showing, been the fool for three half years.] He de-
nied again that Dr. Carter had said his charge would be six
guineas ; and he accounted for having paid three half-yearly
sums by saying, that it was a thankless thing for a single pa-
rishioner to dispute such a question u this for the benefit of
the whole parish ; but that he had shown the tills to several
gentlemen of the town, and they were of opinion that he
ought not to pay it.—The Judge said that he would give his
decision on tke next court day.
CURIOUS ANTIQUE PuRSE.—A few days ago, IS
031110 workmen were excavating the ground for the Leeds
and Think Extension Railway, they found at Kirkleving.
ton, near Term, a carious antique brass purse, with some
hundreds of wooden beads of various sizes beside it. 0.
the top of the purse, running on both sides, is very really
engraved " Ave Maria XX Grecia plena Dominus tram;"
that is, " Hail, Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with *11•."
being the usual salutation to the Virgin. On one olio of
the lower pert appear the wordy " Soli Deo Honor et Gloria,"
that is, " Honour and glory to God alone;" and on the other
side, " Creatoren Celi et Terre et in profundis;" that is,
" Creator of heaven and earth, and in the deeps." From
the mixture of Roman capitals in the inscriptions, the puns
appears to have been made as early as the middle of the 16th
century, in the reign of Henry the Bth and from the brats
ring en the top, to which a wand or stick had evidently bees
ee~!ttaaii~, it is supposed to have been employed by the Roman
eshaltts in collecting arms. This ancient relic has the a}
a reticule, and is at the month about eight
=mg said Ave brood.

ANOTHER LARGE F IRE broke out on Thursday night
upon the farndag premises of Mr. Watts, at Cottenham,
which spread with great rapidity, and was not extinguished
tit about eighteen corn Mac on the adjoining premises of
Mors. Watts, Norman, and Bainbey had been destroyed,
and soma the property of Mr. Intt. As the
in wee wen is Mewl hi* simnlisowensly in three or four
plows, them amset he wry auk doubt so to its being the
work dam inonadiswy. The too swift there was a report
la
inCmMp that large Ara wore new at West Wratting,
and the &risist Miasma Fem.

SacitiLEGE.—Yeatertgy the police received infor-
mation that, on the night of the 18th, or early on the morn-
ing of the 19th, the parish church of Marsh Gibbon, in
Buckinghamshire, had been entered in a forcible manner,
and aliqrge chat standing in the chancel was broken open,
containing all the parochial papers for upwards of two cen-
turies, and a quantity. of title-deeds of property belonging
to the poor of the parish. _

BCBBEI.
ARUNDEL AND BRAMBER AORICULTCRAL ABSO.
CIATION.—The annual match of this institution was held at
West Grimed on Thursday. A ploughing match came off
in the morning, and the dinner took place at the Burrell
Arms. Tke chair wee taken by Sir C. Burrell. At the con-
clusion of the dinner the usual loyal touts were drunk,
after which, nearly 601. was distributed to the successful
competitors for the society's premiums to meritorious
labourers. The health of the chairman was drunk in due
course. In aeknowledgingthe compliment, he took occasion
to disoeuree upon various agricultural subjects, printing out
especially the great advantages derivable from box feeding as
• means of fattening cattle, by enabling the foam to lay by
more land for other purposes.

COMMISSION BY THE LORD-LIECTENANT.—J. An-
derson, Gent., to be Cornet in Northumberland sad New-
castle Yeomanry Cavalry.
LEICESTERSHIRE.
COMMISSION BY THE LORD-LIECTLNANT.—Lient.
G. Palmer, to be Captain ; Cornet W. Brooks, to be Captain-
Lieutenant ; Cornea. L. Darwin, to be Lieutenant; Cornet
W. Manhall, to be Lieutenant; Lord Bateman, to be
Cornet ; the RIM. A. R. Harrison, to be Chaplain; of Prince
Albert's Own Leicestershire Yeomanry Cavalry.

WILTSHIRE. 1
THE NEW MARKET-HALL AT MELKSILAM Wu pub-
licly opened for business a few days since, and • large quan-
tity of cheese was disposed of, this commencement being
most satisfactory. The whole of the building is composed
of Bath stone, and now forms a noble ornament to
the town. The hall (which occupies an area of 50
square feet) is in the Italian style, having pilasters , frieze
and cornice in the centre compartment, surmounted with a
pediment, and bell turret. The ground-floor is to be de-
voted to the sale of poultry and egg.; and immediately over
is the hall, a noble room 45 feet by 22, haring an open ven-
tilation in the centre of the ceiling. Attached to this are
two ants-rooms, each 22 feet by 16 ; one of which it it pro-
posed to use for a reading room. The remaining portion of
the ground, forming a quadrangle in the rear of the hall, is
occupied with the covered market for cheese, extending 320
feet; over which are three tiers of store rooms. The oust ,
is between 3,0001. and 4,0001.
110ILSET6HIRIL
A HINT ON THE EDUCATION QUESTION.—The
following is a literal copy of a notice lately exhibited in this
neighbourhood, says the Dome Chronicle: " This hto SW-
tile that there hue some ill despond Persons brok in to
—'a orchard and Carved a Welty a queanteay of aides,
hoover Will breng nun that the ruses me be nowen to me
shall revive one gluey rewarde ; and Likewizethitre is a mane
trap sit in this orchard.. an spikes."

THE POISONING AT lITON.—The examination
of Mar, Fisher, who stands charred with the wilful murder
of her husband, has bona brought to a ministate*, and the
riscoter oomailttod kr trial
KENT.

COMMISSION BY THi-TORD-LIEUTENANT.—The
Right Hon. John Earl of Darnley ; Sir TN. Montrfiore,
But ; and J. A. Wane, Esq., to be -Deputy•Lientenanta.

LITERATURE.
Tail NATIONAL LIBRARY FOR IRELAND.— MA Life and
Times of Daniel O'Connell, Esq., MP.—The Life and
Beauties of the Right lion. J. P. Curran.—Selections of
frieh National Poetry.—The Mercenary Informers of
'9B.—The Rising of '9B.—The Life of The td Wolfe
Tone, 4e. Dublin and London, 1847.
This series is stated in the advertisement to be the
production of "distinguished literary Irishmen." We
hope sincerely that the first epithet may be merited ;
we hope that the authors are very "distinguished"
among their countrymen, for we should almost despair
of Ireland if it abounded in such specimens of pedantic
ignorance and puerile conceit, in men who imagine that
they are furnishilg readers fonrpennyworth of
treason when they are only cheating purchasers
of their fourpences for trash. The only value of
the series is the comment they furnish on
Sidney Smith's aphorism, that " Ignorance turned
up with temerity is a livery all the worse for its
facings, and there is nothing on earth so tremendous
as the magnanimity of a dunce." We take advan-
tage of these works to point out some grievous
economic fallacies and literary errors now prevalent
in Ireland—fallacies long since exploded in every
other part of Europe, and errors that would hardly
be tolerated in any other country on the face of the
earth. The first of these fallacies is, that utter ig-
norance of economic science is a necessary. qualifica-
tion for the discussion of economic questions. The
writers of this series are utterly ignorant of the very
elements of political economy, but they decide the
most complicated problems in political economy with
an arrogant dogmatism which would hardly be
tolerated in Adam Smith. This is just as
preposterous as would be an attempt to ex-
pound the mysteries of the Calculus, or the
properties of the highest order of curves, by persons
who had never opened a mathematical book. Econo-
mic science, like every other science, requires to be
studied in order to be known. Persons ignorant of
geometry. are ready to believe that the trisection of
an angle is a problem of as easy solution as its bisec-
tion and the ignorantinee of economic science fall
into errors equally glaring and infinitely more mis-

chievous. -
The second great fallacy, of popular reasoners in
Ireland is, that wherever there has been a loss there
must somewhere else have been a corresponding gain,
and wherever there has been a gain there must hero
been a corresponding loss somewhere else. This dou-
ble proposition, without being distinctly enunciated,
is tacitly assumed as incontrovertible ; the loss to
Ireland by the absentee drain is set down as a clear
' gain to England ; and the gain to England by the
sale of her manufactures is paraded as a clear
loss to Ireland. The refutation of a fallacy is
easy when once we get it clearly stated, and its absur-
dity would not have escaped the intelligence of the Irish
rhetoricians themselves, had they not involved their
ideas in such a cloud of metaphors that the meaning
of their language is hidden frcm them.
There are obviously many looses which have no
corresponding gain.; if a men loses a night's sleep,
there is no other man who gains a double allowance
of sleep in consequence ; if operatives lose a week's
work in a strike, or peasants a day's work in attend-
ing a political meeting, no human being gains a
farthing by their lees; if speakers and writers waste
time and words in venting arrant nonsense, no person
on earth gains by their folly.
There are as obviously many gains which involve
no corresponding looses. The agriculturist who la-
bours twice as hard as another, gains twice as much
as that other, but inflicts no loss on any man in the
world. Thethrifty, who gain by saving, do not take
or withhold a farthing from their neighbours. All
the acquisitions of industry, of frugality, of intelligence,
and of skill, are clear gains to the individuals and to
the community, but they cause no loss anywhere.
These simple truths, once thoroughly understood,
will help us to refute " the absentee fallacy," which
may be called the monster fallacy of Ireland. It is
calculated that millions of rent paid to Irish landlords
residing in England are a clear loss to Ireland and a
clear gain to this country. Now if residence by itself
were a blessing and non-residence a curse, we should
invariably find that the tenants and labourers of resi-
dent landlords are better off than the tenants and
labourers on the estates of absentees. Now, the very
reverse of this is the fact, as every man in Ireland
who uses his senses must well know ; there are land-
lords residing in Ireland whose export from the coun-•
try would be a national blessing.
In all the declamations we have heard or read on
this subject, it has not been our good fortune to meet
with such a thing as a definition of absenteeism The
proprietor of estates in Cork or Kerry residing in
Dublin is as much an absentee from his estates as if
he lived in London. Can any rational man point out
the economic difference between intercourse by land
and intercourse by sea? Steam-boats are as efficient
agents of transport as coaches, and we believe that at
this moment there is a greater amount of direct com-
munication between Cork and London than there is
between Cork end Dublin.
But we are told " the money is spent out of the
country." In order to prove that this is an evil we
should first be informed how the money would be
spent had it been retained in the country. It is very
possible to lay out money in such a way as that the
expenditure should be a national loss instead of •
national gain. Vast same have been spent in Ire-
land which it would have been far better for the
country to hare cast at once into the depths of the
Atlantic ocean. All money unproductively ex-
pended is an injury. to the nation in which it
is spent. The money is not merely wasted, but it is
employed in doing mischief; for every man who em-
ploys an unproductive labourer withdraws a produc-
tive labourer from adding by his toil to the general
wealth of the community. It would be most gratify-
ing intelligence to us to learn that the rents of the
Inch absentees were productively spent anywhere.
They notoriously are not; and so far is the presence
of such an expenditure from being. desirable to Eng-
land, that it would be a great blessing to the country
If all the unproductive Irish absentees quitted it for
ever. The real economic question is not between ab-
senteeism and residence, but between productive and
=productive expenditure. It is, however, no wonder
tint its nature should not be understood by the most
unproductive writers and speakers that ever set them-
selves up to be the teachers of a nation.
It is not surprising that " the manufacturing fal-
lacy " should be prevalent in Ireland ; for traces of it
may still be found among the unenlightened classes in
England. It aasumes,that " we ought not to purchase
abroad anything that we can produce at home." Well
then, let us test the
.principle by an extreme case : we
ought, if this aphorism be correct, not to import wine
from France, but instead, we should cover the land
with hot-houses, and raise grapes ourselves by arti-
ficial means. Now, let any man ask himself why
this is not done ? He will be at no loss to discover
that the simple cause is, that the cost of production of
these wines would be greater than the cost of
production of those articles which we give in ex-
change for the wines of France and Portugal, and
that the difference between those two oasts would be
a dead loss to the nation. The same reasoning holds
good whether the difference between the two costs be
great er small ; the lose is still certain, but the amount
will vary with the articles.
It is not possible, and if possible it would
be impolitic, to establish manufactures in a
country where the cost of production exceeds the
cost of purchase. Such manufactures do not even ac-
complish what they profess ; they do not increase
employment, for every one engaged in the manufac-
ture is taken away from the production of the arti-
cles by which the manufactures could be purchased.
In the supposed case of the hot-houses and vineries,
men would be taken to superintend the growth of
grapes from the spinning of the yarns and weaving
of the cloths with which foreign wines arc bought.
All commerce ultimately resolves itself into barter,
and the only practical question is. whether is the cost
of the direct production of the article, or the cost of
production of other articles to be exchanged fur it, the
greater • for according as this question is decided, the
establishment of the proposed nesaufantare will be a
national gain or a national Ices.
Nearly all the blunders of seninlarillial iegislation
arias froan the perverse Writ .af =ding evorY
bargain and sale as ax ransmits' la there is
thattrowifireklandi ali:orzwaxi.
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