The Express.
London, England, 1853-03-12 00:00:00

PARIS, MAI= U. I 7°l
Youer. ppesing

Yor Amount.

41 per Costs., 1113 N 111 11
41 per Cents., Is/52 le4 lo Ilh
I per Cents.
3I or Cents. New Lain ... 1
Elehan.,ro on Lonrion: &tient, 25 5; 91 dayr, 24 93.
5 09ionolera.154o /low NaCe. Rents — Money.
Do. 4
D. 2
Pledmort 1 0.0 ... 09 25 Trr..eitry Boode
Co. 3.1852

PARIS, Manna 11.—St. Germain, —; Versailles (right
—; ditto (left bank), 3.0; Peri.. and Orleant 1,07 o;
Paris and .m 1,070; Rouen end haste, 3.0; laarteit.ts
end Aviation (Converted' —; Strasbourgand Bale, 307 SU;
ethern, 91/ 50 ; rent and stratbounr. tin : Part. and Lyons,
933 73; Lyon. no/ Meliterraaren, 767 50 3r.oterenu and Troyer,
290 ; tntert, 765; Latene and tit. Meier to (...ray, 443; Vane lull
Cherbourg, 625 ; 1) jo% and Betancon, 565; Midi, 633; Dieppe
and recamtii 8.30; Andretieux and Roatu3o, Centre of Italy,
1,0 )0 ; I'm el and Beeman, 100 ; Weilratin and Te,;", 2301 Anerr4
and Bred, 363 30; C.nitral Suittr, 485; .iraiteeetne and Beelert,
BERLIN, NIARCII 9.—Voluntary Loan, 1021; New
Loan, Foar-and-a-llalf per Cent. (18,10), 103;
ditto (184, 103; National Debt, 931; CO7ll-
- Marine S4eiety'd Premium, 148,; Bank
Shame 109.

VIENNA, Mara( 9.—Five per Cent. Metalhquev,
New Loan (Series A), 91;; (Seric-s B), lus ;
Four-and-a-Half per Cents., Mi. Bank Shares, 1498.
Exchange on Loudon, 10.48.

COMMERCIAL AND MARKETS.
WEEKLY SUMMARY OF THE PRODUCE

IMPERIAL PA RLIAMENT

HOUSE OF LOIWS.-FRID‘T, MARCH 11.

he LOLD CstANCELL took hi.... at at 5 o'clo..a.
PET! noss PILE.; EN f 11).
ATMISOION OW THIL JILITA TO PARLIAIIENT.—By Lord
BROVU GAM, from British born Jews of Great Yarm.oth,
in twist Tof ; and the Doke of NOM 111: LAN 1.),
_ .

teem a pineal* &Wand, against.
COUNTY COUNT lee iliesteme.—By lewd BROUGHAM,
from a place in Montgomeryshire, and the Ear td CAlt•
LI SLV. frets a piece in Yorkshire, in Lonna of.
L3nl Laiteutes, Earl eVALUltoickeit, end Lord Moo t-
Y.ei.L tii. pit ...r... il Ix:Attalla, the netuto of which ad Lot
reach the gallery.
INDIA.
The 1..arl of ELLE:\ 1101101.:fill, pursuant to notice,
rose to present a petition from the British and usher eerie-
tam ialtsb teem et Calcutta mid the b
neiehsuring petts,
en the lower province of &meld, "lieu rePp. et to the
.re-1
newel of the act tor the government of the Indi in tertet^-1
lies. Tete petition was ..fined by 3ei eerie reiesentiney
different from that of the petition which be presented & short
time 'Mee ics the house, me& Batibey. That petition was
extensively 'hosed by natives of ludic of the full b.ood ;
wilds' the preeent was eigniet by Obeid:ens, Edrepenne,
send native Indium of the It di blood. Of the penuosers -128
were either hold:re of lend or mirk i totem!. its of indigo
rectum+, or engaged in cotton or silk naval:Wong in the
luxe.: pat of the Wept proetnee t. al»eit 131 were
connected with commerciel hr tree., proiepelty at Calcutta,
several of which were the most considereble commercial
houses in Calcutte ; 181 were tr eteep...sp!c .t wealth ; 268
wen, attleefenanteLl servents in the government offices ;
and tee were clerks in private effaces. There were other,
n hose avecations were not specifically stated ; and, altoge-
ther, the petition e .neeyed a fair Tclariwr.tatioll of the
opinions of those who ent.rtaineel English ideas as to the
government of India. The petitioneze very truly com-
plained of the bad stave of the law, and the Inefficiency of
the jailers and the other secretive officer. ; awl, as fur as
he could see, there was good cause for their
complaints. (Hear, hear.) They %aid that in the
Supreme Coon there were three did' rent modes of law
—the English law for British subjects—the Hindoo
or Mohammedan law for IT indooe. and the English criminal
low fur all Masan; and far nearly eielity years these dilf•
foreat codes hail been administered by thie one court,
genera'ly with satiefection to the petitioners. There was
this great practical inconeenienee, however, as to this court,
that when the charter fur the foundation of the court was
granted, all the Engliab statute and common law were im-
ported into that court ; but since that in r nets of pediment
pmeed in this country bail been eatended to India, unless
by epeeial provision. Ihe procedure of the mutt was
directed like that of the teeing of Westminster Hall ; but a
judge proceeding to India to offiel rte in the Supreme Court
hart to learn the Ilindon end etohair.eilen law, of which he
knew 31 ething. and to forget a large portion of the English
law, with which he wee acquainted. The petitioners
further complained, end, as it lippeaerel to him, with
great justice, of the enormous amount of stamp
duties on all legal proceednes. (Beer, bear.) They ,
omit observed upon the appellate jurisdiction, which 1
rested wholly with the civil service judge. They seid 1
there was one of %hoe- judges in each Zino, that being a
county containing about • se :ion of lahabitants, who I
was mildly a crimatal judge, hot woe also a civil judge ie 1
emits up to 5001 , beyond which an appeal would lie to a i
court composed of five civil service judge*. The petitioners
aeltn.tmol the geaeral absence from corruetion of tl.t tills
judge., out their a tmenistratien of judieo was the sueject
of universal complaint cauued by their went of peeper qua-
lification. They next referred to the elate of the police,
which, they said, had totally fated to prevent crime, to
apprehend offenders, ant to protect life and property.
More aver, they said it had breams an engine of oppre wean.
The petitioners then proceeded to make some obser-
vations with regard to the civil service. They said that
the regulatios ma le in 1837 with regard to the apeoiet-
mut of civil servants from the college of llaileybury had
prevented persons of eminence from obtaieine situations,
and that the monopoly VFW highly pr. judicial to the public
interest. With regard to sa:alies, the, stated that a me-
giants of the greatest experience received little more than
one who bud but just arrived in the country; and with re-
spect to the practice of peon .lion by sena, rity, they said
that one Const-quenCe of it st as that civili..ns were constantly
found It the head of nepartments, office., cr courts of the
business of which they km ei little or nothing. They then
referred to the education which was received by East In-
diens ; and they prayed for such ceamers in the arrange-
ment, impeding the teed departments as to their lordehips
might appear mdse.**, and that with that view there
might lee an enquiry into the nature of the public employ-
ments en India, the galaxies and ens laments attending
them, and the principles on wnicb, if at ell, the peak
service ought to be supplied teem England. Ntw
that preyer w.O coo which uedoubtedly deserved their
lordships serious cantideration. lie had always held that
the beet form of goverement was that which afforded the
greatest facilities fir the Age...en:Ty of superior ability, end
for its employment in the public service ; and that every
state ought to bo at liberty to select the individuals most
competent to fill ail situations of itnportaoce. But there
was in the special and anomalous situation of India another
trommendieg principle, whe.h in his opinion overruled all
others. It was absolutely eseeutial, if they desired to pre-
heir dominion over that country, that every person
who filled a high employment should have a nearer and
deeper interest iu England than he had in ludia—(hear,
hear)—it was absolutely necessary to prevent anything that
appreaehed colonisetian, fur coloniistiou was separation ;
and, Lituated as we were in India, it was incumbent on us
to pursue the Mine CJIIIIO in preserving the country as
we hail done in acquizi.g it. (Hear, heir.) But he
was by nu means sure toot they might not make an arrange-
ment by which they would COLeiliutJ bath these apparently
conflicting interests, std to a certain extent gratify the
petitienets while doing what would be for the advantage of
UM country. lie should certainly object to giving to the
Governor-feenerai awl to the governors the power of select-
ing any person whom they might think competent, and
placing him at epee in high Mace. Such an arreugentent
might lead to much intrieue and improper conduct; and
above all it would contlict with the great principle of
making all persona who held high situations to depend
more upon Euglend than open India. (Hear, hear.) But
he could see 11J objection to the Governor-General's being
allowed to make so appointment in any case of peculiar
fitness", with the previous consent of the authorities at
home. The primary evil of the whole civil service wu the
state of the police. The laws on paper were molts more
severe, increased judiciary powers were given to the megia-
trates, but the real evil remained uoremedied. The peti-
tioners complained of the sale of spirit licenses, as contrary
to the spirit and habits of the people, and as tending to de-
moraiiae them, foe the sake of are. They also com-
plained of the melt denies, as being exceedingly onerotti to
the tams of the natives. Sines he (the Earl of Eden-
borough) west oat to India there bad been several reductions
of the duty. Such reductions were reposed to him when he
wet there; but the government was then in financial
difficulties, and Le was of opinion that no redue.
tins which might be mode was likely to go
into the poeket of the consumer. Subeequeatly, there
bad been three reductions, amounting together to one-sixth
of the aggregate of the entire tax, and they had been fol-
lowed, au by any increase of reveals., but by a loss of
Ool,ooul. a year, or mu-eighth of the whole eminent. He
had very great doubts whether the diminution had been
felt by the people, and he Nought it would have been bet-
ter had the 100,001(. been expended in making roads and
improving the communications generally. (Hear, hear.)
Willi toped to the Supreme Government, the petitioners
complained with some velem of the paucity of the members
of the legislative council, and prayed for a considerable
addition, especially from the mercantile class. Then,
with respect to the home authorities, the peti-
tioners had come to a conclusion different from
that which was arrived at by the committee of the
Ileums of Commons, and from that adumbrated rather
than expressed by the committee in their lordships' how.;
a conclusion unfavourable to the double authority of the
Board of Control and the Court of Directors. They geld
that the Court of Directors, being elected by a proprietary
body, consisted of persons who looked solely to a return for
the capital which they had invested, and that the system of
osavusing was such os to prevent highly qualified persons
from proffering their services ; and he was very much in-
clined to agree with the petitioners in this expression of
their opinion. 'fiery further stated that there was insets-
rity of property and very limited employment ; that indigo
wee aimed in the nature of a monopoly; and that
ver little Capital was employed in India; and, adverting
to the inadequate manner in which the objects of the last
Charter Act nod been carried out, and to the several facts pre-
viously alleged, they suggeoted the expediency of making the
new arrangement fora shorter term of years, end in con-1
clusioo they prayed that the several matters contained in
the petition might be taken into coceideratiou. N.w ho
really believed, not merely from his own observation in
India, but from the result of inquiries which ho had made
subsequently, that the statements in the petition were sub-
stantially correct. Whenever all these anomalies, all thou
absurdities, all these monstrosities, had been objected to,
the answer had invariably been, "The system works well."
It might work well for those who were employei in the ad-
ministration; it might work well fur the Court of l) rectors,
their friends, and relations; it might work well for all
those gentlemen, with their relations, who, through the
Court of I.hrectors, obtained appointnionta in laths; but the
question was, did it work well fur the people of India ?
(hear) —did it possess any apeeerance of permanence, or was
it poosible that they could permanently maintain such •
government i (Hear, hear.) There were two thiuga which
were often coufounded by thou who looked at the prospe-
rity of India. and the extent of its trade. They omitted
to cooaider that all the peat benefits which had been cos-
ferred upon India—and greatly benefited it—had been In
the extinction of the hithratta authority, in the destrue-
ties of the Vindareee, in the establishment of internal
peace from one end of the country to the other—they forgot
that all those great benefits had arisen from our malt try
auemesies, and that in these the civil government had no
part; that the courage of our troops, the daring of our
officers, the enterprise of oar generals, and the genius
which they had on many oceisions distil .) el—that all these
circumstance had given us immortal fame as a Brett militat y
power, and hadwciared fir ladia the benefits of internal peace.
Peace alone was • great blessing since it led to prosperity.
The natural state of mankind was a state of progress. There
meet be extraordinary circumstances ariritie out of the
existence of all possible governments to arrest the progress
of mutktud when in a state of peace. But what had they
ldato look to in the conduct of the civil government ? What
id they owe to it ? Ile really believed that if they were to
quire what had been the distribution of property occa-
sion :d by the thoughtless and tocenviderate adeetiea of cer.
tail measures for the collection of revenue, nil the adop-
tion of mammies in reference to the sale of land., they would
find :bat the situation of property thus Meted to India was

much greater than that effected iu Eagland by the Norman
eungusst, greater even than that effected by then:any con-
fiscations which bed taken place in Ireland. (Hear, hear.)
Ile contessed that when he marched through the upper
1610TiuGel, and saw tne vestiges ef ancient palaces, toads,
temples, and mosques, and the records of the great govern-
ments of the past, he felt humiliated at the thought of what
had been dine by his owa countrymen; he felt that they
were exhibiting thenisAvea under circumstances of dispa-
ragement, uud as great:, inferior to the noble race of men
whom they had succeeded in the government of India.
(Hear, bear.) What they had now to endeavour to do was
to form • government by which a good admi-
nistration might be secured. (Beer, hear.) Ile
reverted now to bis original idea that their
great object should be to obtain here the assistance for the
government of India of the mist able and trustworthy
personu in
presidencies ; and, having their assistance, under the three-
' lion of a minister of the Crown, he did hope that the orden
sent out from this country would be dictated by wisdom—
by ienowledae they certainty se, old be dictated; and that
they would be received in Inaia whit satisfaction. Its
eared nut in what manner the couaeil of Ind:a was ;armed ;
he cared, not whether it wis the result of election, or the
result of what ho believed to be the best men:l.ot effecting
the object, namely, the adoption of the principle of jxdiciel
selection. Beat a: any rate, let them endeavour so to farm
the cannel as he justity • hope that they were imp:attics
good government to India. (Hear.) Let them as far as
they cuu:il exel tele ordinary men, and men of mediocrity
from the courted; ab!ve all, let tucm exclude jobbers from
it—(hear, hear)—let tam eadensour, as far as they could,
to forth • government for India seal& would be conducted
with knowledge, with, abili.y, with probity, and with a se-
asird for the interest of the people, and not merely of their

rulers. (Cheers.)
Lord BROUGHAM said he had listened with great
atteutien, as he was sore all their lordships hail, to the lee-
PrVIATO address of the noble earl ; and he felt that the sub.
ject was one to which it was imperative that they should
apply all the resources of their talents, their Ithowlidge, met
their wisdom, solely with the desire of doing what
the nuble earl had inculcated with his wonted eloquence,
namely, consulting for the good of the people of Luna, and
thereby promoting the honour of this country. (Hear.)
Ito must Tete (era moment to oat pint embraced in the
noble earl's address, namely, the rue de of nelministt ring
tustiee. lie had been called upou to viudicate tee lace' ad-
ministratien of justice from charges made ageinet it in pe-
titions presented to that Inoue, and s ith reseect to which
he had moved resoiutiong which were adopted by their
lordships. As regarded the appeals made during a certain
period (rain the I ndien courts to the Judicial Committee
in this country, the result of a comparison was
that while in those which came from the native court: there
were two reversals and two ithirmancee, in those which come
from the English Court, there were seven reiterateh fur one
ettirmance. This, however, by no means proved that tho
administration of ju-ace woo better in the native comas
than in the Euglieh courts. The appeals teem the
native courts rested generally on question'', not of
law, but of fact; end as those courts were well
atquahated with the maneers, habits, and language
of the people, they were not likely to be in error.
The scanty nuinber of CI or G 2 appeals in the coarse of ten
years from so large a territory as India. showed that the
appellate jurldictiou as now established "Herded a veil in-
sufficient remedy to the natives of that country. (Hear.)
The law tax which existed there was one the existence of
which would appear utterly incredible ii it did not rest on
the most positive dernonstratieu. It was way to be ex-
,' plaint d—it could not be justified, and hardly palliated—by
the embarrassed state of the finances of India. When Mr.
Bentham gave to the world his immortal work on jurispru-
dence tied legislation—the greatest monument of even his
great fame—he proved the evils of a law tax with a dem el-
I aeration which was not to be equalled except in the maths-
' tactical ecienees: and in reply to the persons who said that
those who 'plies against a tax were bound to find n substi-
tute, he said —" I accept the condition., and in plate of a
law tax give me any other that the wit of man can
devise."
Lord MONTEAGLE said that the importanze of this
subject was nut greater than the ability with which it had
been opened by the nuble carl. The petite a which he pro-
*elated to the house comprehended heads of inquiry into
which they had no opportunity of inquiring. It W.Le cut only
necessary to inquire into, but to exhaust the subject before
they could krow into whose heads they were to entrust the
permanent government of belie. He hoped that they would
nut pasa a permanent act in the course of the present year
fir the government of India. (Cheers.)
Lord BROUOIITON said he had hitherto en:shied from
taking any part in the discussion on India, because he
might be compelled, on more adequate au! com-
plete information being obtained, to give at a fu-
ture time a different opinion from that which
he expressed in their lordships' home. It appeared
to him that there was no reason why parliament should
pass a bel for twenty years, or for ten yuar+. Tito bid for
the government of India ought to be like any other act of
parliament, that is to say, to last till parliameut saw fit to
alter or repeal it.
turd GLENELO said it was true that the first proposi-
tion which had been made when they were legislating on
this subject in 1832 was that no limit should be fixed for
the duration of the act. But that act proceeded oa the
principle of a compromise, mutual concessions being made
by the government on the one side, and the Eaat India
Company on Use other. With regard to the remarks of the
noble earl on giving education to the people of India, ho
thought that all their lordships were agreed that it was
the duty of thislgovernment to give the best education in
their power to the people of India. (Hear, beer.) That
was their duty—the mission—the vocation to which
they were called, and from it they were bound
not to shriek. (Hear, hear.) His noble and learned friend
said that there wan one law for Ilindoos, another for
Mohammedans, and no law at all for Europeans. The
With of the matter was, that the Supreme Court of Calcutta
was the court for Europeans, and therefore as against
Intopeans the natives of India had no legal protection
whatever. (Ilea.) If a European committed an assault
on a native at the distance of 1,100 miles from the Supreme
Overt, he could net be tried unless he was brought all that
illetance, which was in fact tantamount to a denial of jus-
doe. (Hear.) It was a greet misfortune for the people of
LEI that the views of the British government were not
carried out, for at that moment the natives of India
were without justice or law. He trusted that this
state of things, which reflected so much on the cha-
racter of the country. would soon ba remedied. (Hear.)
The Earl of DERBY said that everything which fell
from the noble earl who had presented the petition was en-
titled to the greatest deference, from the vast information
which he possessed. With his (Lord Derby's) limited in-
lermation, he could not acquiesce in the conclusions at
which that noble carl had arrived ; still he listened with
gespect to what he had urged with regard to the evils and
beestiveniences prevailing in India. (Hear.) lie earnestly
Need that the government would re-consider the de-
termination which he understood they had expressed,
of legislating permanently on the affairs of India in the pre-
sume session. lie would suggest that there should be intro-
duced in the present session a continuing act, without modi-
fication, for a term not exceeding four or five years, but
sufficiently long to enable them fully to complete the in-
thstigetion, and maturely to weigh the recommendations of
the committees—including in the act a provision that par-
liament should be at liberty, if it saw fit, to legislate
previously to the expiration of that term, but that it
should not be necessary, year after year, to pan an annual
bill, which would have greatly the effect of sicsettling the
salads of people both in India and at home. This would be
the best guide to the solution of the groat and difficult prob-
lem of legislating for the welfare of our Indian fellow sub-
jects. (Hear, hear.)
The Earl of ABERDEEN hoped that there was but ens
opinion amongst their lordship' as to the necessity of legis-
hting in such a way as should be most beneficial to the ho
habitants of our great empire in India. (Hear, hear.)
He could not agree in tae wisdom of the proposal to
legislate for four or fire years. (Hear, hear.) Of
all the suggestions he had yet heard, this ape
peered the least likely to answer the end which they
all had in view. (Hear, hear.) On certain leading prin-
ciples the osnaraittees of both houses had arrived at a clear
opinion ; their inquiry was so far completed as to deal with
the whole question of government ; and though the com-
mittee of that house had not pronounced so decided an
opinion, still their inquiry was closed, so far as related to
IM government of India. The legislature was, therefore,
is a position, founded on the report of the committee of the
Hems of Commons, and supported by that of their lord-
ships, to deal with that part of the subject. He could not
admit that they were incompetent to do this without em-
bracing the whole of the heads into which the cam.
udters had divided their inquiry, or that it was necessary
to consider the whole of these before they touched any part
of the question. The petitions recently presented from
India no doubt suggested v,ry important grounds of in-
quiry awl alleged matters very fit to engage their lordships'
attention. He doubted not that their lurdships would be
fully disposed to attead to those petitions, includieg the one
now presented by the noble lord. But the cummittee was
now sitting; and if he mistook not, the most important
topics contained in that petition at this moment eugege I
their attention. The judicial system, in particular, which
the noble lord had especially dwelt on, woe now under
their consideration. HT confessed it 'appeared to him
somewhat inconvenient—ho might say irregular—to enter
into • detailed discussion of those different points of in-
quiry, which were in feet the special objects that had been
referred to the committee, and to inquire into which the
committee had been appointed. (Hear, hear.) They had
heard much of the lamentable government of India, and of
the deploraole state of that country. The noble earl
(Ellenbwough) had given a very forcible description of
what ho had there witnessed, and had stated that, on
contemplating the splendid palaces and other great works
of past generations in that country, ho felt humiliated at
the reflection of how little we had done. He (herd
Aberdeen) did not think this inference was warranted.
He should as soon think of drawing the inference, from
the sight of the pyramids of Egypt, that their builders
were superior to us in moral or political attainments.
lie believed that the government of this country in
India had been attended with immense and extensive
blessings. (Hear, hear.) It had greatly improved the con-
dition of the people ; and we need have no fear of put-
ting ourselves in comparison with any former government.
(Hear, hear.) Our desire was to carry still further the
blessings which the people of that country had derived
from our government; and he trusted that it might be
possible, with tho result of the inquiries now in progress,
to produce such a measure as would tend materially to the
improvement of the people of that country. (Hear, hear.)
Ile certainly was of opinion that the present system, essen-
' (icily, should form the feuthlatit a 01 any future govern-
ment of India. He said nothing of the modification and
tmproverneut of which it might be susceptible; but be
thought it ought to be founded upon the existing system.