The Express.
London, England, 1849-01-11 00:00:00

On his royal patron's flight from his wrathful subjects i
and hie avenging Cazwa was au ihe
point of following the king, and had actually offered
to resign the see of Durham in Bunn av's favour, on
being secured 1,0001. a year= tel•euthenarrow divioions
on the regency question la th. Convention Parlia-
ment lurniahed the subservient bishop with an oppor-
ittotty salting his peace with WILLIAM
Sad MAIL And his relation, Earl MO,ITAGUE,

eubsequently claimed a dukedom from these
illusous monarchs, on the characteristic ground that,
by carrying the votes of Came and other two
peers, he had placed the mown of Boglard on their
heads. After the revolution of 1888 the bishop lived
through three reigns, neglected and despised ; the
object of reproach amongst the o rgy for his peeling.-
MOM kagevity and his profitable episcopate. " He has
hod Demme," whinge Hamner, "now more than
thirty years I"
Bush was Bishop Calms in his public career. He
had married a daughter of the Jacobite, General FOR-
K/Mt who, for bring "oat In 1715," forfeited his
Northumberland estates. Theme Cazwa purchased,
and they form the basis of his Charity. Deprived of
court favour, there was nothing remarkable in his sub-
sequent life, except evidence of occasional twinges of
conscience. Walking one day with his chaplain, DICK
GHAT, before his wife's tomb, the appropriate skull
with which the monument was crowned suggested pain-
ful thoughts of Disown mortality to the aged prelate;
he complained to his coogetial dep ndent Dice I
quietly remand that the sculptor's art could
convert the skull into a bunch of grapes; the
bishop assented •, and, for the sake of episcopal peace,
into grapes the skull was transformed. As, however,
the time of his departure approached, Caswa made a
last great temporal effirt to recompense mankind for
the bad example he hid set them ; and by his will,
dated 24th June, 1720, left his manors of Barn-
borough and Blanchtand, containing nearly 14,000
acres, to five trustee. fur char:tattle purposes. " No-
thing in this :its became him as the leaving it.'
Large as this area is its value when tints di wised
did not reach two shillings an acre. Bamborough.
shire, now the pride of Northumbrian farming, was
then an unreelsoned swamp ; and Blatchlacd, with
integral wealth enough to form a Prince's dowry, or a
Bishop/a stipend, a waste. Caewa's rental from these
prepetties was but 1,3121. 13s. 5d.; and it
=7 to have been far from the bishop's inten-
have placed much discretionary power in
the bands of his trustees : for out of this yearly ir-
onies he appropriated upwards of 1,1001. annually to
sescific trusts. The rest of his estates, however, he
lett " to such charitable us. a as the said trustees
should direct," other than the augmentation
of his specific charities ; these uses being in
the first instance applicable to Northumberland,
and Darbem. Time ti the growth of socie'y and of
wealth have, however, reversed Bishop Cazwe's in-
tention; and the specific trusts of his will now bear
no proportion in imp ertaece to the discretionary trusts.
Indeed it is difficult to suppose that the rental of the
Clams estates can be now under 10,0001. a year ; and
that sum would leave the trustees no less than 8,8001.
annually to apply "to such charitable ogee as they
shall aired." Au uncontrolled and unvisitable Malt to
speed so large an annual sum is of course greative of
much power, of great responsibility, andof not a hale
temptation. Let us then inquire in whom this right
is legally vested, and in what manner it is exercised ;
not, however, in any spirit of vulgar curiosity, or of
coarse anxiety to discover and magnify abuses; but in
that of temperate liberality and of suggestive im-
plement.
Lod Crewa by his will appointed five trustees ;
arme oily a trustee es Ifficio. He is the Rector of
Loggia College, Oxtotd ; and though that Society
will the object of much of the liberality of the bishop's
specific trusts, its heads have never had the gratitude
Intake any part in the administration of the affairs of
the charity. Once, bid. ed, when the other and
eating trustees bad unruly differences of opinioa, the
late Master of Lincoln (that eminent pluralist, Dr.
TATHAM), threatened, it is said, to invade Bain-
borough Castle, and to do his duty there. But
with the threat he finished his trust lahours.
The other four trustees have generally been
Camas of Durham, Sr Archdeacons of the diocese.
This uniformity of ei.aracter in the acting trustees
arises from the ri ht of self-election under the
founder's will ; the only restriction being that clergy-
men must be chosen The elected trustees have, indivi-
dually, always been ecclesiastics of rood, occasionally of
distinguished reputation. But they have invariably
been of that party in the church which is fond of ec-
elesiastiaal power; which is intolerant in religious, po-
litical, and social opinion; which is indisposed to
&an ge or improvement; and which is devoidel personal
humility. In the city of Durham these gentlemen
have been accustomed to live as ecclesiastical princes;
aid to Bamborough Castle they have carried
the habits, if not of feudal lords, at least of a territo-
rial aristocracy. At either place they have possessed
power over their dependents almost of en arbitrary
decriptiou, so far as prosperity and well-doing were
concerned. The possession of such power is always
dangerous, because of it.. corruptive tendency ; and, as
the State has at last deprived the future Canons of
Durham of all opportnn.ties for its exercise ; the State,
it is to be hoped, may yet advance a step furrier, and
at least regulate its exerese by Lord Cetzwit's
trustees.
Though all public knowledge of the affairs of the'
trust is confined to the three years to which the- Charity
Commi-eioners limi ed their superficial investigations,
we are quite willing to accept these threeyears as evi-
dence that the trustees are tree from any imputation
of misappropriating to their own use any part of the
large sum they have power to dispose of. But when
their office is said to he a " thankless " ens, we deny
the assertion, at.d shall show that it is an important,
an agreeable—nay, a very desirable post. The manage-
ment of a property wort,' 10,0001. a year must convey
power to its managers, even though aey have no
discretion over its proceeds; for, constituted as man
is, the possession of power over his fellow-creatures
is an object, very often a worthy object, of his ambi-
tion. But when the managers of such a property can
di-pose of three-fourths of its rental to charitable
purposes; they have in reality a greater amount of
power at their disposal than if the estates were their
own private inheritance. And such is the situation
of Lord Cazwe's trace's.
True it ice, they have neither salary nor fees; and
that the only personal charge they make agait.st the
estate is four guineas for each journey to and from
Bamborough; but, arrived at the castle there—an
arrival ano.•unced to the surrounding country by the
atom of England being hoisted on the great tower—
lnir tame. proud IlimbaveasS. laarled Nor them—
Mae WO Cade bay nee moan—
Tem its WI rail lota Only *AM
amen is. melbas man frees—
arrived there the " thanklessness" of the trust
at once disappears. Tenants are all cap in
band; neighbouring squires hasten by early
calls to secure seats at hospitable—at sumptuous
entertainments ; the surrounding clergy grow
prouder of the wealth and power of their church thus
evidenced; and the poor trudge away to prefer their
humble petitions. The tenant fishers of North Sun-
derland furnish the Castle, for well-regulated prices (at
which Billingsgate would rise in mutiny), with first
courses from the deep; a home farm, that has never been
known to return one farthing of ptoflt to the Trust es-
tate, suppliesbreakfast with dairy produceand luncheon
with poultry ; the manor sends in game in abundance ;
whilst the adjacent " links" yield rabbits to satiety.
In the pleasant village on which the castle I oke
down, lodgintr-houses are said to be forbidden. At all
events, intrusive strangers or curious visitors are, by
some means or other, excluded front one of the
must agreeable sea-bathing places in the north.
At the extremity of the village—town they
sometimes call it still, in proud remembrance that
it was once the capital of Northumberland, aed actu-
ally sent members to parliament in its day—stands a
tine handsome well-aired church. Beyond it, in •
grove, surrounded by a fertile be and a luxuriant
garden, is an excellent parsonage. And in the church
offi iates the eon of one of the trustees. In the parson-
age dwells th daughter of another.
At Blanchtand the holy men are equa ly auto-
er tie. Formerly a laige and liberal permission to
sport over its " fells" use' to be given by the trus-
tees. It brought profit to their village, and conferred
good repute on themselves. But now its fine moors
are reserved for their sons, their relatives, and their
friends. And by this modern monopoly one of its
eld inns has been mined. But a handsome shooting-
'box h-s been erected for the exclusive sportsmen.
In either division of Northumberland the trustees
constitute, through their tenantry, tad by mesas of
the annuitants under Lord Caceres will, quite a
political p:wer. The strength of this power used to
be wed directed against whiggery, as Earl Gary,
whoa Lord Howicx, was sornetosed to feel; Its

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