The Express.
London, England, 1851-09-17 00:00:00

MR. HUME, M.P., AND HIS CONSTITUENTS.

On Saturday last Mr. Hume, M.P., met a large
slumber of his constituents in the Town Mall, Montrose
The l'uovosr occupied the chair.
Mr. MUME, on coming forward, was received with loud
Cheers. In the course of his observations be said that
though the cause of reform had advanced greatly
much remained to be done. 'Thos., who now occu-
pied a prominent place in political affairs will pass
away and be forgotten, but the country will remain.
We must therefore look to the future, and apply
all our energies in endeavouring to place the country
in a tit condition to compete with the United States.
That is the only rountry who will press us hard. Thero
is nothing to fear from any other. Hut the Americana
are an economical people, they have 114 1.1,111.,6 offices,
and they pay only in proportion to the services received.
If England is to remain at the head of the commercial
world, or even be able to compete with that rising power,
she must reduce her expenditure. Anil in order that this
may he done, the randy must have the direction of the
taxing machine—the 'louse of Commons. This shows tho
necessity of parliamentary reform. England owes her su-
periority to her perfect machinery. Tu maintain her poli-
tical and commercial superiority, she must perfect the tax-
ing machine. At present it does nut work well—it does its
work badly ; it taxes those wbo should nut be toned, and
passes by those who should bear the public bur-
dens. Tne reason was, that class interest, to a certain
extent governed and swayed the House of COllllllOllB. There
must, therefore, be a fresh accession of popular strength.
The people must now, in short, be thoroughly represented.
The laces who make the honey must have a share in the
government of the hive. laird John Russell laud pro-
mised an amendment of the representation, and he
had been asked what length the bill would go ?
That he did not know. Ile did not believe tho
government hail made up their minds about the matter.
!Jut there wan one thing they might he sure et, and that
was that they would give as little as possible.
The extent of the reform would depend UllOll tho
pressure from without. The people must tell the
government what they want. They must demand
that every householder have a cute in the notional repre-
sentation. The country will not be content with less. This
' would ineream the voters from 000,0110 to betwixt three and
four willions. That would be the result of household suf-
frage. But we must have something more. The cuter
must be protected from intimidation—the ballot must ac-
company household suffrage. lie was sorry to say that
Lord John Russell WAS opposed to the ballot: but what
was the practice of the aristocracy ? Why; in all their clubs
the ballot was used. Let them do then as they would be
done to themselves. The electoral districts must
also be equalised. Such were the reforms the people
wanted. lly granting these the ministry would satisfy the
country, and increase the happiuiss and prosperity of the
nation.

Mr. home was greeted during his speech with repeated
applause. After a vote of mulicicace .was unanimously
accorded him, the meeting separated.

STEAM PLOCOHLNG.

A further experiment was privately made on tho
Orion-thorpe Estate, near Bourne, on 'llursilay last, of the
poasibility of adopting the power of steam as an instrument
in turning and pulverising the soil. It would neon that
the priimple of ploughing by steam is no longer a chitnera
but has hi en most fully and satisfactorily established.
Lord Willoughby d'Eri.shy, at an enormous experse,
and muck thought and anxiety, has so perfected his plan,
that we have reason to believe he will shortly invite the
committee of the Royal Agricultural Society to witness the
result of his experiments, which are stated to have ended in
complete success. One of the engines used for the purpose
has been exhibiting in the Crystal l'aluce; the experiment
we are nose about to describe was therefore tried with one
engine only. The field selected for the purpose had grown a
wheat crop, and was of good malleable suit. The engine—a
beautiful piece of machinery—was placed on a moveable term
road at the end of the field. By way of testing the relative
powers, the plough, a double one, with reversed shares and
mutters, was drawn in one direction by horses, and contra-
rily by steam. The horses, tour very powerfill animals,
had much labour to drag the implement, and that only
at a slim- pace ; whilst the engine, of 211-horse power, hur-
ried it back as fast as a man could fairly walk to conduct
the plough. After several " bouts " a subsoil plough was
attached at a gage of 9 and afterwards 12 inches.
This additional burden, which the horses could not pos-
sibly have drawn, evid.oftly steadied and improved
the motion, and left the work in a most satisfactory manner.
Barrows were afterwards appended with en equally pleas-
ing result. The ploughing took place across old IMO,
which showed in some placeaconsiderable dips.
' - - - -

Two engines placed parallel at each end of the field
would, without difficulty, with only _a double plough,
complete four items of land in ten hours, and, if
required, subsoil it too. The work IS more effectively
performed, for it must be borne in mind, that land
• ploughed by steam has this great advantage that
there are no indentations or basins left as when ploughed
by horses (from the feet) a matter of great importance on
clay sods, and where subtoiling is required, an advantage
that cannot be too highly appr,ciated.
The plough used on that occasion was designed and
manufactured by an ingenious mechanic named Downes,
living at ltvhall, near Stanford, who has for some years
deservedly been held in high esteem as a ploughman and
ploughinaker in the midland counties.
We will now proceed to show the relative cost of plouh-
ing a field of (say) *2-1 acres by animal power and by the aid
of the steam engines.

t•.v testae
A Acr or Land, reti4ding two borean abrened and man,
could In 1. ugkedat a*. 141 neve

•
-
Ir? MI LAM PaWI.H.
T. , (twine-driver?, at 9e. each prr day. 8 days .C 1 In 0
Two plekers, 24, de. do. 1 4 0
Pluaglitaan, 2p. do. dn. 012 0
.'p bpt pp bd. do. do. I 0 0
Fuel 4... ad. do. do I 8 0
Add 10 p•r ecat. wear and itar of vague*, 5...)
bd. an acre 0 10 0
- 818 0

Balance In favour of Steam Power
By steam power the .2t acres would bo completed in a
week. It would require at least 10 horses to plough it in
the same period. Some lands met have more horse and
manual labour, and, of course, at a greater cost than in the
alswe calculation. No climate in made of the value of
suhsoiling, which, with steam power, would be better
accomplished without additional expeusc, except one tuna,
perhaps, for guiding the plough.
rrejudices, w•e know, prevail amongst the agriculturists
against the adoption of strain power for ploughing : it was
equally strong against the el-, of ttemn fur threshing and
other operations, all of which hove been dispelled. We aro
not blind to the fact that there are difficulties still pre-
vailing against the practical use of strain fur ploughing ha
/inane: to very hilly and irregular I muds it in at present,
and perhaps always may be, inapplicable; but that it may
be effectively and profitably used on a great breadth of land
in this country will shortly be shown to ba " a great
fact."
That much credit is due to Lord Willoughby for his ex-
ertions in the cause of science will not, we presume, be dis-
puted. When a nobleman of his calibre continues to apply
his means and mechanical genius to a scheme, the success of
which has to fight against such strong prejudices, there can
be none who will not commend his lordship for his ex-
ertions. How far those exertions have been successful, a
fair trial before the Royal Agricultural Society (which we
have just said will shortly happen) will atlbrd the best
cv deuce.

TROOPS FOR TUE CAPE.—The authorities hare
ordered her Majesty's scrcw•ship Vulcan, at Portsmouth,
to have her repairs and fittings expedited as much as pos-
sible, as the ship is required to convey a regiment of GOO
men to the Cape of Good Hope to reinforce Sir Flurry
Smith's army.

THE ItOval. VISIT TO LlVERPOOL—Yesterday a
communication was sent into the council from the com-
mittee of the Exchange news-room, suggesting the de-
sirability of making the area of the Exchange available on
the day of the Queen's visit, by dosing it to all except
the holders of tickets, of which 2,000 would be placed at
the disposal of the council, reserving the remainder for the
proprietors, subscribers, and tenants of the building. It
has been ascertained that this area would afford convenient
seeing and standing room for 8,000 persons; and this is
certainly the most available and best point from which the
inhabitants of Liveri 00l might testify their loyalty to their
sovereign without inconvenience to her Majesty. Tho
Exchange buildings form three sides of a quadrangle and
the Town-hall the fourth, so that the latter commands a
view of the whole of the area. Her Majesty, who is to
lunch at the Town-hall, would, it is suggested, doubtless
avail herself of this opportunity to gratify the loyalty of
her subjects by appearing at the window.
-

• -
BARRING OUT A CLERGYMAN FROM ins CHURCH.
Our readers will regret to hear that another, the fourth,
outrage has been committed on Kildarton Church, with
the intention of preventing the Bev. James Hardy from
performing divine Berrie?. on Sunday last. About seven
o'clock. on that morning, the settoneas having gone to
prepare the church, found the doors fastened inside, and
the key-bole of the vestry-room door plugged with lead,
so that she could not obtain access. Sho immediately
came into Armagh to Mr. Hardy, by whom she
was ordered to apprise the churchwardens, who soon
after met at the church, and sent for Mr. Birch, who
lives in that locality, requesting hint to have the hia-
drances removed. As soon as he arrived at the church he
obtained entrance through one of the windows by means of a
ladder, and after considerable difficulty got the doors opened.
On the walls of the vestry-room were the following words
scribbled by • lead pencil, the writing of which shows
marks of • free and w,ll practised hand, though bad spell-
ing and worse diction aro affected—" The truth of the
Gospel Wee Want in this Country not nothing else."
Lower down on the wall we read—" Mr. James Hardy you
left hue the Kays and Screw Nails and We Completed the
Job The man that attemps to open this Church may pre-
pare for their final Doom hereafter." Mr. Birch having
removed the obstacles, Mr. Hardy and the congregation got
admittance, and the service was gone through as usual.
Since writing the above we are glad to learn that a reward
of 1001. has been offered for such information as may lead
to the prosecution of the offenders, which we hope to be
r able to publish in our neat number. Among the subscribers
arc the Lord Primate, the Hart of Charleinont, the lion.
Henry Caulfield, Bev.- Mr. Irwin, the High Sheriff, etc.—
Armagh '
Civar Watt.