The Express.
London, England, 1851-08-29 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR or TUE EXPRESS.

Sir,—The article which appeared in your paper of
yesterday on George and Robert Stephenson in con-
nection with the banquet given to the latter on the
preceding day, cannot but meet with a hearty re-
!Tome from all Englishmen who have watched with
interest the progress of their country during the last
quarter of a century—and what man, worthy of the
name. tin have failed to du so, not with interest
merely. but with " wonder and astonishment ?"
That such response will he made is evident front the ala-
crity with which the subject has already been taken
up. In the Lowly N. 11,1 of this morning appear two
hater in this matter, in one of which is the follow-
ing pas,ge :
•• I Was asked some time ago to subscribe to
a monument to George Stephenson : and would
Oathy hale complied; but Mheitl inquired to whom
mould transmit my mite, I was informed that dith-
cubits had arisen, and that the matter had been
dropped. I felt that there was discredit to the
country in allowing any trifling discrepancies of
opinion, or it might be of temper, to frustrate so
proper a scheme; and to this day I cannot imagine
any other cater fur its having been allowed to fall
through. 1 do, therefore, trust that your well-
timed remarks in this morning's Daily News will
have the effect of setting the admirers of Georp
Stephen on to work again. In that case my sub-
scription shall assuredly be forthcoming; and I
think I tan also answer for not a few of my friends
and neighbours.

regard to the locality, it appears to me that
there would be a fitness in placing the monument
beside that of Watt, in Westminster Abbey. But
ray wish is, that a testimonial to George Stephenson
Phould appear in some appropriate place, and, if any
better than I have mentioned can be pointed out, let
that be -.elected. Are all the niches and places iu the
"hew Palace at Westminster" filled up? or pro-
perlv filled up? A selection of the most thstin•
gabled men who have contributed to the develop-
ment tf the national resources would be a be-
coming addition to its ornaments."
The of last night has an article in which it
refers to the propewed monument as " a matter which
has beta very appropriately brought upon the tains
by a navning contemporary:"—the "morning con-
temporary - being the holly Netts.
Well. sir, may
you " regard as a national disgrace"
the failure of the scheme as originally started, when,
nohin flute years, we have seen the enormous sum
ralsarilsd to "the Hudson testimonial ;" a suns so
large. that, not having the means at hand whereby I
may ascertain the exact amount, I fear to state from
memory the number of thousands of pounds which
Englishmen were willing to pour at the feet of the
man who had made for himself an enormous fortune
(I of course do not enter into the controversy as to
the 1111.1111 i by which that fortune was amassed), and
that• he it observed, in the same interest for which
George Stephenson and his son have done so much.
han vet might have been the precise sum raised
as a testimonial to the man who enriched himself, it
Was such as would have raised " a live-long monu-
ment" to the man who so powerfully aided in enrich-
ing the English people. It may well be said of
beurge Stephenson, in Milton's words I have before
quoted—

Thou, in our wonder and utonishinent,
Mast built thpclf a live-long monument."
But the "unvalued book" to which these words
refer hold I the author in his reader's memory
in a '“ay quite diltiTent from what we can ex-
pm to he the ease with regard to the man who
has enabhd Londoners to reach Holyhead or Edin-
but4h with less inconvenience than their fathers ex-
Peru:acid in getting to St. Alban's or Brighton.
I am, &c., GAMMA.
London, Aug. 29.

SINt.II.AR CIRCUSIST.tIiCE.—A few days ago one
of L.nl Willuughby d'Eresby's gamekeepers was out early
k the morning watching the game on the moor of Orchill,
and 1—•-in.z much fatigued, be hiy down among the heather
to rest hawed, when he fell asleep. On waking, he was
gr,lty alarmed to find a large adder twisted tightly round
I - 611'6 legs; hastily shaking it off, he attacked it with
wken it instantly turned on him hissing in a furl-
it"s"aer; however, in a few minutes he managed to
c",'Y it. It has been examined by several of the medical
Ult 7, kitn it one of the moat venomous de-
kr,ptma.
measured ono foot nine inches in length.—
*Waste.

THE NIZAM AND THE INDIAN GOVERN-

MENT.
(nom the Daily Nors.)
At last, the affairs of the Deccan must be con-
sidered in England. For, after eighteen months of
alternate hesitation and determination, Lord DAL-
Bot:stx, far away from Calcutta, and nearer to the
Grand Llama of Thibet than to his constitutional
advisers at that Capital, has screwed his courage up
to issue orders to deprive the SIZANI of nearly ono
third of his choicest territories ; has coast it utcd his debt
of some a 00,4001., to the Supreme Government of India,
a primary charge to be defrayed by the annexation to
its domi ll ions of a large tract of country between the
Kistnah and Tanaboodra rivers, of some of the frontier
districts on the Godavery and the Ilheema, and a
part of Berar, where grows the Goinrawattee—cotton,
next to that of Broach, the finest in India; and has
left his Parsee creditors fur one million sterling, to
get repayment as best they can from a prince, who
with all his possessions and revenues in hand, had an
annual deficit of 300,000/. to contend against. As a
matter of debt, Lord DALHOUsIE has thus played, to
considerable advantage, the part of a smart legal
Ipractitioner. lie has foreclosed his mortgage; secured
the liquidation of what is legally his due ; destroyed
at a blow one-half the value of the Parsecs' securi.
tics ; and so again taught native capitalists the
danger of supplying the wants and relieving the ne-
cessities of native potentates.
But this is not a simple pecuniary transaction, to be
disposed of as if it were an overdue bill of exchange
or a County Court plaint. There are great princi-
ples at stake, high considerations of justice, honesty,
and honour; venous questions of policy. And they
arc not to be got rid of by allegations of the dis-
organisation of the Ikecan, or the insubordination of
the bands of Arab, Sikh, and l'atan condottieri said
to infest it, or the insolvency of the NizAtt himself.
For, admitting (and that cannot be done to anything
like the extent which has been stated), the accuracy of
these alleged additional motives for the step just taken,
their causes must be ascertained; and the blame must
be laid on the right shoulders, before any sanction can
be properly given to this punishment of u potentate,
whom we are bound by the most solemn obligation
to support and uphold. To understand the subject
thoroughly, we must comprehend the history of
Southern India for the last sixty years. That, how-
ever, we arc not about to write. So our readers must
be content with a mere outline of the political trans-
actions which arc now made to result in this par-
tition.

Most people, it is to be presumed, know that the
Deccan is, as the name indicates, the great central
country of Southern India; that it is a rich, fertile,
well-watered, productive, and populous table land;
that, being now surrounded—except whereit joins the
territory of the ltajah of NAGPORE, a quiet, peace-
able ally, quite in our power—by our own posses-
sions, it can have no external enemies, and has no
foreign relations; that, lying in the interior of the
Peninsula, with the Cat•tauc on one side, and the
Bombay Presidency on the other, it has no sea fron-
tiers whence to carry on transmarine combinations
against us ; that its capital is Hyderabad, a rich and
industrious city,containing sonic two or three hundred
thousand people, having a court of considerable splen-
dour, and being the scat of what remains of the polite
(as Surat, before we took it from its Nawab, was of
the theological) literature of India, and of its elegant
manufactures, as the Crystal Palace well shows; that,
besides the natural fertility of its provinces, it possesses
the great diamond mines of Golconda ; and that
over this country the NIZAM, or deputy of the
Great Mogul, is the lawful and recognised sovereign.
To this, which every one is aware of, it is to be added
that materially its population is well off; in proof of
which we may remark, that a considerable emigration
of ryots has at all times been going on from ourterri-
tones into those of this much-abased and depreciated
prince. On every ground the Deccan is therefore a
very tempting addition to the possessions of a go-
vernment whose policy, a statute of the realm not-
withstanding, is irrepressibly aggressive and acqui

Carrying ourselves back to Lord WELLEsLEY's
viceroyalty, it will be recollected that he resolved to
abate the power of Tiretio SULTAUN when,in his wild
hatred of British supremacy, lie had taken to frater-
nisation with French democracy; an object of his lord-
ship's far too cordial detestation. Fur that purpose,
Lord WELLESLEY allied himself with the Nlahrattas
and the NIZAM, who had always been quarrelling and
fighting; and, on the triumph of Seringapatam, My-
sore was divided amongst the three powers. The
NIZAM was at that time comparatively weak, but rich;
whilst the Nlahmttas were energetic and much given to
acts of aggression. So, to protect him against all ex-
ternal enemies, and particularly against one of his late
allies, that Prince was induced to receive, and to agree
to maintain, on full butte, a British army of 8,000
men, to be called the Subsidiary Force ; and for half
a century such an army has been stationed in bar-
racks at Bolarum, near Hyderabad. Its object was
and is exclusively the protection of his dominions
from foreign enemies. In every respect it is a Bri-
tish army ; over it the Nizsa has no more power
than we have; but its maintenance, on a full war
footing, is a charge on his revenue.
In due course of time (about 1802) the British
government, of course, deprived the Miss, of his
share of Ttrroo's dominions; and it now fonns
what, by a flight of imagination, is known as the
Ceded ))istricts. In return, however, for this so-
called cession, the NIZAM was, in the following years,
relieved from the presence of Mahrattas on his south-
western frontiers • and at a later period, when the
Pindarric war brought Lord lissxmos into collision
with the PelsitwA, the greater Nlahratta confederacy
on the north was also destroyed ; and thus, by the
subjugation of this formidable people on either extre-
mity of the Deccan, the NM tM, at the close of Lord
HASTINGS' war, ceased to have any foreign enemies
to be protected against; and the utility of the Sub-
sidiary Force, which had taken its fair share in the
hostilities of both periods, was, as far as he was con-
cerned, at an end. So far, however, from the Subsi-
diary Force being then withdrawn, Sir H. HCSSELL,
then our resident at Hyderabad, induced the NIZAM to
accept and pay for another British army, called the
Hyderaluul Contingent. The Subsidiary Force, we
have seen, was to be used against external
attacks only. Whilst the Hyderabad Contingent
was organised for internal purposes—to do, in short,
the work of the military police of the country. At
first it was composed of barely 3,000 men ; but gra-
dually it has grown to a strength equal to that of the
other body ; and, unlike it, is scattered through the
Deccan in several cantonments. Its cost was, we may
again add, also a charge on the revenues of the
IZAM ; and still remains so. _

There is then altogether in the Deccan a British
force of some 13,000 or 20,000 soldiers; much more
highly officered by Europeans than the Company's
troops; its patronage has been appropriated by the
Court of Directors; and its complete disposition is
confided to their Resident. The NIZAM, though bound
to pay for both, has no real power over either army.
The pretence on which the Hyderabad Contingent
was raised and increased, and is still paid, has never
been curried out; for it never did and does not
effectually assist in enabling the Niz.ti to carry on
his government. But the presence of this immense
foreign army has deprived him of the moral respect
of his subjects, without supplying him with the phy-
sical means of collecting his revenue or insuring their
obedience. And that want has compelled him to
seek fur other assistance to do what the Contingent
was established for the purpose of doing.
For, the NIZAM, unable to carry on his govern-
ment by means of the Contingent, for which he paid
so largely, has been obliged to take into his service
those bands of Arab, Sikh, and Paten Mereenarits
of which we have lately heard so much and under.
stand so little. And thus he has no fewer than three
armies to provide for—viz., the Subsidiary Force,
bound to protect him against foreign enemies that have
no existence; the Hyderabad Contingent, intended
to enable him to conduct his internal administration;
and the Arab troops to which he has had recourse

because of the uselessness and mischievousness of the
other two armies. Can we then wonder that his
treasury is empty and his finances embarrassed; that
he is 1400,0001. in arrear to the British government;
that he is 1,000,00 W. sterling in debt to Parsee
capitalists (principally to the commercial firm of
PLaTONJEE at Hyderabad and Bombay, and their
friends and connexions) for money borrowed to keep
up his payments to our government ; that the Arabs,
being unraid, are disorderly, audacious, and rebel-
lious : and that the country is somewhat disorganised
—need we, we ask, be at all surprised at this ?

The NIZAM is no paragon of Perfection ; he is not
a philosopher, a financier, or a great administrator;
he is an Oriental Prince, with all his defects and
weaknesses; and, instead of making the best, in all
human probability he has made the worst of the em-
Ivarnmsing and difficult circumstances in which he
has been placed. Very likely, he has not followed
General FRASER'S good advice ; possibly he has
chosen inferior and corrupt men as ministers;
probably he has given himself up too much to self
enjoyment; and it may be, though that is not likely,
he has accumulated large private treasure. But he
is, nevertheless, in the main, the victim of our
policy.
We have forced two armies on him that were
needless and hurtful ; we have thereby imposed a
burthcn on his finances which notoriously was far
too great to be borne; we have driven him into debt
to us ; forced him to keep native levies he could
not pay ; and obliged him to raise loans to ataveoft
pressing emergencies as they arose. And now, when
the Niz ist has, by this our policy, and indeed it may
be feared, by this our design, been brought to
a standstill, we treat him as a great criminal, seize
on one-third of his territories to pay our own claim,
and leave him in such a plight of helpless insolvency
that nothing short of a miracle can save him from
absolute ruin. Nay, more; there ar.; not wanting jour-
nalists representing persons in high places who ad-
vocate his immediate extincticii us a Sovere. 71,
Prince ; because to our determination to keep :.'m
entirely subservient to us his pecuniary embar-
rassments are, as we have seen, clearly attributable.
This is not, however, a proceeding that will be
quietly assented to even here ; whilst in India it
may involve the British government in another
prolonged and costly war ; and again throw its im-
proving finances iato disorder.

TIIE BARONESS STRATIIEDEN, LORD CAMPBELL,
and family, and Baron I)reit were among the departures
yesterday morning by the General Steam Navigation Com-
pany's steam ship Soho, from the St. Katharine's Wharf,
for Antwerp.

ADMIRALTY, ArD.2I4.—APPOINTMENTs.—Captain:
W. H. Morshead, to Dielo ; Commander: A. HellerM, to
Rattler ; and Lord W. Compton, to .tludeaL•. Lieutenant:
11. F. Ingram, to Britannia. Captain Sir George Tyler, to
be Naval Aide-de-Camp to the Queen.
Petomoviii:vv.—Commander J. It. Rodd, G. L. Nor-
cock, W. It. Smith, and Lord John Hay. Surgeon : T.
Ayling.

ELOGNIEBTSR IN EDINBURG]
prise and amusement were occasioned on Thursday by the
appearance on the Dean-bridge of two ladies—one about
forty, and another apparently about fifteen years her junior
—wearing the Bloomer garb in its fullest style. The
elderly lady was dressed in a long ruby-coloured silk
mantle or polka, which partially hid that portion of the
dress in which the aggression is mat daringly inanifee!ed.
Under the upper garment there seemed to be something
like a shorter one of the same shape bound round the
waist with a rich shawl. The " continuations" were
nearly of the same colour, and reached to the instep of
the foot. The young lady's dress was exactly similar in
shape, but considerably lighter in colour. The bonnet,
in the case of the one, was plain, like that of more
decorous ladies, while the other wore a straw one, some-
what of a gipsy shape. The singular spectacle thus pre-
sented attracted considerable attention even in the retired
quarter of the town where it was witnessed, and comments,
clamcterised by freedom more than politeness, were now
and again made by urchins who followed the unblushing
Bloomers. From inquiries afterwards made, we learn that
the ladies arc Americans; but whether the new costume
was assumed on this occasion merely by way of a trial, or
as a regular street dress, we have been unable to find out.
The dress certainly dues not improve the appearance of the
female figure.—Ca/edenian Mercury.

sur-

AMERICAN WIIALERS.—The New Be(ffurtl Whaling
List contains some interesting statistics, from which some
idea of the extent of the whaling business may be formed.
The greater portion of this business is confined to Massa-
chusetts. The whole number of vessels employed is sit
hundred and five. New Bedford has two hundred and
seventy-five ships and barks, and more than half the ton-
nage. Nantucket, New London and Fairhaven have about
an equal interest in the business. There are now one hun-
dred and thirty-two large ships and barks in port, fitting
for sea, and they will require nearly four thousand meu
for officers and crews. The total amount of property in-
vested in the whaling business must be between twenty and
thirty millions of dollars. The first seven months of this
year, there has been landed about 2,800,000 dollars worth
of sperm oil, 4,500,000 dollars worth of whale oil, and
1,270,000 dollars worth of bone—makingatotal of 8,500,000
dollars for the first seven mouths, giving, for a year, nearly
15,000,000 dollars.

STEAM VESSEL ACClDENTS.—Yesterday a parlia-
mentary return, obtained by Mr. Hume, was printed,
showing the number of steam-vessel accidents reported to
the Board of Trade by the respective owners, masters, and
other persons, since the Ist of January, 1817, with the na-
ture and date of the accident, the number of lives lost, and
the date of the report to the board ; and also the number of
eases investigated agreeably to the Steam Navigation Act
9& 10 Vict., cap. 100. It appears that from the 24th of
January, 1817, to March last, there were 103 steam-vessel
accidents, of which 18 resulted in the loss of life. Of the
103 only 2G cases were investigated agreeably to the act.
In a number of instances the accidents were by collision.
In the case of the Royal Adelaide, in March List year, 200
lives were lost otf Margate, and the occident was, it ap-
peared, nut investigated agreeably to the act. The number
of lives known to be lost in the per.ed was 531.
EASTAND WEST YORKSIIIREJUNCTION RAILWAY.—
In the report to be submitted to the shareholders at the half
yearly meeting at Knaresborough, the directors state that in
accordance with the agreement confirmed at the last special
meeting with the York and North Midland, that company
commenced working this line on the lit of July last, and
the station and worlu in Knareeborough being now nearly
completed, the trains are working to and from that station,
and the directors have no doubt, with the facilities which
the York company will have it in their power to give, that
a productive traffic will be obtained which will fully realise
the expectations of both companies. The directors congra-
tulate the shareholders on the near completion of the works,
and hope before another meeting to be able to report that
the accounts with the contractors arc brought to a close,
and to ascertain the full cost of the line. In compliance
with the agreement of amalgamation with the York and
North Midland company, the necessary steps will be taken
at the proper time to obtain tke sanction et parliament in
the next session for the transfer of the railway to the York
and North Midland company. The capital account gives
total receipts to amount to 264,4901. and expenditure to
263,5011., balance 9861. The half year's revenue account
shows receipt& 2,575/., which, with a previous balance of
1.3001., gives a total on this side of the account of 3,8751.
The expenditure for the half year has been 3,5271., leaving
a present balance of 3181. In consequence of unaseertained
liabilities on revenue account, the directors recommend
that no dividend be declared on the preference shares.