The Express.
London, England, 1851-06-14 00:00:00

gilt •11re00.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
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LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNB 14.

TART night, Lord Joint RrssELL introduced his
promised bill to improve the administration of jus-
tice in the Court of Chancery; and his somewhat
lengthened deliberation has not been without useful
results. The plan by which it was proposed in the
former bill of the government to strengthen the force
of the court, was one which met with very general
disapproval ; for instead of adding to the judicial
power of the Court of Chancery, it really weakened
that already overburdened tribunal. The plan then
proposed was that the Master of the Rolls, and one
of the common law judges, should from time to time
sit with the Lord Chancellor as a Court of Appeal,
and in the Chancellor's absence. should form the
appeal court. 'fo abstract the Master of the Rolls
from his own court had been demonstrated to be
most mischievous ; for the late Master of the Rolls,
Lord LASODALE, had, from attending the Judicial
Committee of the Priv' Council, frequently
left the business of his own court greatly
in arrow, to the serious detriment of the
suitors and the inconvenience of practitioners. Nei-

Cher was • common law judge regarded as likely to
be able to grapple very successfully with appeals
from the Court of Chancery. In fact, the original
proposition met with unanimous condemnation.
Having since taken counsel with the most competent
legal authorities, Lord Joan RUSSELL has now pro-
posed a plan which seems likely to meet with gene-
ral acceptance.
Still adhering to the existing system of retaining
the Lord Chancellor as a judicial and political func-
tionary, it is proposed to appoint two new jEtes, to
be designat judges of the Court of Ap , who
are to hear appeals from the Master of theßolls and
the three Vice-Chancellors. The Chancellor will, as

we understood, also sit occasionally to hear appeals
independently of the Appeal Court. But one great
purpose is to relieve the Lord Chancellor from
the ncecuity of such close attendance in the
Court of Chancery as ho must now give,
if he is in any degree to keep appeals from ac-
cumulating; and thus enable him to give more at-
tention to the hearing of appeals in the House of
Lords, and, which is perhaps more important, to
afford more mature and deliberate consideration to
those measures of law reform which are demanded by
the temper, no less than the social condition, of the
times. The Chancellor is, in short, to become a
minister of justice, as well as judge of the last resort.
Though the business of the Court of Chancery
has constantly increased with the advance of the
country in wealth and complex arrangements, and
will assuredly go on to increase yet more, as the
landed property of the country shall become relieved
from the trammels of feudalism, there are fluctua-
tions in the amount of business there which will
enable the Chancellor and the two new
appeal judges to apply themselves occasionally
to other business than that of the Court
of Chancery. It is, therefore, proposed that the
new judges shall sit on the Judicial Committee of the
Privy Council; and an alteration is to be made in

the constitution of that body, enabling three judges
to form a quorum for hearing appeals instead of four
as are required at present. It was the difficulty of
procuring the attendance of four judges to hear the
Privy Council appeals, which so often rendered it i
necessary to take the Master of the Rolls from his
court.

The Chancellor is also to be empowered to
authorise either of the new judges to sit for the
Master of the Rolls, or either of the Vice-Chan-
cellors, should either of them be labouring under
temporary inability, to attend to their duties. The
necessity of something of this sort was much felt
during the period Vice-Chancellor WtonAx wee un-
able to attend his court from an affection of his eye-
sight, and while there was yet hope of his
recovery, his intellect and bodily powers being
still vigorous as ever. And so great is the amount
of business which comes under the consideration of
the Court of Chancery, that even a short interruption
of proceedings in any of its branches inflicts serious
loss and vexation on the suitors. Most questions
affecting property ere decided in this court, and in
many cases the delay of justice is nearly equivalent
to its denial. Thus Lord JOHN RUSSELL referred to
the return recently made to the House of Lords,
from which it appears that since the commencement
of Michaelmas term on the 2nd of November last,
down to the 13th of May last, the number of cues
disposed of in the courts of the Lord Chancellor,
the Master of the Rolls, and the three Vice-Chan-
cellors, was no less than 5,270. True it is, as was
stated by Mr. JOHN STUART, that many of these
cases occupy only little time, and are matters
almost of course; but then they are nearly
all of great importance to the parties, as, for in-
stance, order► made on petitions to pay money
out of court, to appoint new trustees, to enable
trustees to pay in legacies for infants and the like ;
all of which require the constant attendance and
vigilant care of the judge, though the hearing of
each case may occupy very little time.
It was perhaps a somewhat morbid fear of an
economical fit in the House of Commons—where

lawyers' salaries are less tenderly dealt with than
the more aristocratic emoluments of soldiers and

sailors—which induced the former abortive proposal
for Chancery reform. That has now been got over,
for the present contemplxtes some increase of ex-
penditure in judicial salaries. The two new judges
of appeal are to have salaries of 6,0001. a year, but
then the salary of the Master of the Rolls is to
be reduced from 7,0001. to 6,0001. per annum, and
that of the Lord Chancellor from 14,0001. to
10,0001. yearly. The net increase of outlay will be
7,0001. ; and we agree with Mr. ROUNDELL
PALMER, when he observed that he did not know
any way in which so much relief could be afforded
to the appeal business for so little money. There
will also be the advantage in making the appeal
court to consist of two judges, that two minds will
be brought to bear upon the subject of appeal, and,
whether the decision below be reversed or affirmed,
the result will be more satisfactory to the suitors
than where the decision on appeal is merely that of
one judge against another.

These are all the points adverted to by Lord Jona
RussELL, and we shall wait for the bill itself before
we enter more fully into the question ; to the measure,
so far as explained, there seems to be no reason-
able objection, and in fact it met with the
general approval of the legal members of the house.
And there will be, we trust, other and more tho-
rough revision of the present system of the court to
follow the present bill, for in expressing his approval
of the measure, Mr. BETUELL stated that a bill
would shortly be introduced for reforming the
Masters' offices, and rendering the course of pro-
cedure there more efficient. This is at least as neces-
sary as to give more judicial power to the court,
The Masters' offices constitute one of the main ob-
structions of the court, and there is no reason for its
continuance. That the leading members of the
Chancery bar, as well as the judges of that court, are
now in earnest in desiring to render the court a tri-
bunal adapted to the wants and feelings of modern
society there can be little doubt, and the public voice
has declared in terms not to be mistaken that the
court must be made to minister to the exigencies of
the community, or that it must give place to some
better system.

BIGOTRY and intolerance are hard at work, just
now, with MERLE D'Austoxx and those other clergy-
men of the reformed chiffehes of the continent,
attracted to England in this annul mirobilis, have
been welcomed here by some of their brethren in the
church of England ; as brethren in the best of bonds
ought everywhere to receive each other—after that
manner of cordiality, co-operation, support, worship,
and hospitality, which are so emphatically and re-
peatedly the subject of apostolic recommendation.
For this reception the Doctor Debitontiorum of
tractarianism threatens to send MERLE D'AUBIGNE for
three months to the treadmill; and to strip their gowns
from the backs of his English clerical friends. To allow
such a "layman" to occupy the pulpit of an English
episcopal chapel is denounced to the Bishop of Los DON
as " a scandal" to the " apoetolicar character and
" sacramental system" of the established church, as
involving the whole establishment in her
and schism, and no end of other hard
words and frightful offences. The canons
are thumbed ; the old law books are thumped
and the bishop screamed at, as if some demoniacal
spirit had taken possession of Mr. &mous, of Chel-
sea, and Mr. DALE, of St. Pancras, as of yore, it
seized on the swine of Judea; and all, wo repeat,
because MM. MERLE D'AUBIONE, Rams, and GRAND-
PIERRE have been gladly permitted to preach sermons
in French in the licensed chapels of Portman-stmt,
Conduit-street, and Woburn-place, to the intense sa-
tisfaction, and, it is to be trusted, to the great edifi-
cation of crowds of anxious listeners, foreign and
native. Bigotry, probably, never went further than
this.

But there is something more than blconln.
the clatter. Just as in the legal II
instituted against our orthodox neighbour,
Punch, there is vindictiveness also. _ itomanism

wisheito punish the stinging truthfulness of the
satirist; and tractsrianism seeks to insult M. MERLE
WAVER:ME, because he was one of the earliest
denouncers of the popery to which it led.

The high church party in England have always
hated Geneva; for it was thence that the best principles
of our own Reformation came, thence that presbytenan-
ism coloniaedScotland and there overthrew and expelled

prelacy. BUCER and CALVIN have never been for-
gives ; and their servioesare now as bitterly remem-
bered, as they were in the days of LAUD at in the
times of et.svina was. So long, indeed, as their
successors—then: he: Huguenot churches of Frame
and Switserland--were shorn of that orthodoxy of doe-

trine which so eminently distinguished thei; earlier
career, English high churchmen were indifferent and
callous to the temlle defect of the reformed churches
of the Continent, and allowed them to wallow on
in the slough of Socinianism without notice or regret.
But of late years • better and holier spirit has en-
tered those churches. Gradually they are returning
to an orthodox standard, and again adopting the pn-
I mitive and fundamental tests of Christianity. In
this great revolution, there have been few more pro-
minent movers and actors than MERLE D'AUBIGNE.
He is the recognised head of a great work actively go-
ing on in France and Switzerland, softening the heart
of Germany by its influence, and confirming the con-
stancy of Great Britain by its literature : a work the
success of which ought to be almost as full of in-
terest to the politician as it must be to those who re-
gard it from a higher point of view ; for it carries
with it civil liberty as well as eternal freedom.
In this career of usefulness, MERLE D'AiltioNE
has justified to attentive Europe the great Lutheran
reformation. In doing so, he has of course exposed
the fraudulent pretensions of priestcraft. This
latter service he could not perform without coming
across the more modern figments of Anglicanism.
And these he has scattered to the winds in a few tell-
ing sentences that cling to the heart and head. The
progress of this European work first caught the at-
tention of presbyterian Scotland ; and it, deeply sym-
pathising with the church whence its own free
originally came, manifested its sympathies by
tatrons, by examination of what was going my
the reception of ministers, and by throwing open to
them its pulpits. This feeling of fraternity has at
length crossed the Tweed to England: MERLE
D'ArBIONE is now known, appreciated, and esteemed
here ; his writings have been incorporated into oar

literature ; and his counsel, advice, and ec"
ratks
have been sought on more than one memorable occa-
sion. What, then, so natural, so appropriate, so pro-
w, as to go one step further, and ask him, when in
England, to instruct us from the pulpit of our
, churches ?

. Shouts grand bigotry, he is a layman ! And
engaged,wi
ugueeTs'egfu%reat Christian scholar and divine
y engaged, in re-creating the Huguenot
Churches, whose life has been occupied in the work!
of God's ministry—why is he said to be only a lay-
man ? Because he was not ordained by a bishop!
Because he is not a member of an Episcopal society!
And who take this fine-spun, wire-drawn, verbal
jection ? Why, the subjects of a Sovereign, in one section
of whose realm episcopacy is abjured and rejected as
anti-ehris' tian and unscriptural; a church whose own
orders are held to be naught by the two older reli-
gions divisions of the christian world, and one-half of
whose own members hold this requirement to be an
idle phrase and a vain folly. Surely. in these
their own position and relations, they might have
found modesty of thought and decency of speech.
For if zeal, devotion, learning, piety, a long career of
ministerial labour and divine blessings on it, can
take any human being out of the category of laymen,
then surely is MERLE D'AUBIONE as well and suffi-
ciently ordained a teacher of the Christian redemp-
don, as our own Soma.

But, suggests petty Intolerance, he is not licensed.
This objection resolves the question into one of law ;
and it may be, that the law of the church of Eng-
land would prohibit the Apostle PAUL, were he per-
mitted to return to this earth for our salvation, from
serving in Woburn Episcopal Chapel, and would
force the apostle into a dissenting place of worship.
This may be so ; but, if so, it is surely a shame
peculiar to the church of England. For what
it involves, is its isolation front every reformed
church in Europe; and its attrition to the church
of Rome. Let Pere RAVIGNAN only subscribe the
canons, and he may leave the Hanover-square
Rooms, and preach in St. Barnabas without objec-
tors. His Romish orders are sufficient. But every
orthodox minister of Europe, no matter how eminent,
how great his services, how exalted his cha-
racter, how pure his life, is, when he enters
this realm, to be treated as a nonconformist,
as a dissenter, as a layman ; and is to be threatened
with the House of Correction, if he dare to utter a
single word even in ono of our licensed churches.
Talk of "scandals" indeed, what scandal can mo-
dern Europe produce comparable to this rejection by
the church of England of Christian fraternity, of or-
thodox solitlarite, of religious co-operation ? The
next step for such a church is to omit from its creed
all reference to the " communion of the saints."

The Bishop of LONDON has been appealed to on
the subject. Now Dr. BLONFIELD, It will be re-
collected, took an active part in those negotiations
with the church of Prussia which led to the esta-
blishment of the bishopric of Jerusalem; and an ob-
jection of a cognate character was taken to negotia-
tions with that church. We await therefore his de-
cision with some curiosity, to see whether he who
then fraternised with the rationalism of Germany
will now repel the orthodoxy of Geneva.

GERMANY.

(By Insane T• Da)

BERLIN, THICRIID(T, Josz 12.
The Czar left Warsaw on the 10th inst. for St.
Petersburg. The Czarina followed him on the 11th
instant.

BERLIN, JUN! 10.

The opposition to the restoration of the provincial
Diets is increasing daily. In Danzig, the ordinance of
May has occasioned the greatest agitation. The Diet
of that circle has, after the most animated debates, de-
termined, by a great majority, not again to assume its
functions, but rather to acquiesce in the present provisional
representation of the circlet. And many other circles will,
it is anticipated, adopt a similar resolution. In Osterwick
(Magdeburg), the circles have unanimously declared that
they will not relinquish their authority to the old Diets,
1 but will abide content with the present provisional arrange-
ments till the communal ordinance of the 11th of March
(gemeinde orthasnig), can be carried into effect. In Cologne,
at a Diet held on the 7th, it was determined to choose a
committee for the assessment of the income tax, but to
limit their functions to this one act, declaring themselves
incapable of entering on former duties. In Stargard, the
Diet came to the resolution to regard themselves
as an assembly of private individuals, whose de-
cisions could have no binding virtue, but should
be considered only as opinions. In Pillau the pre-
sident Bardelebon handed in a formal declaration, to the
effect that he considered the ordinance of the minister of
the interior, Mr. Westpluden, illegal. The landed pro-
prietors who were present acceded to this view, but wil-
lingly undertook the duty of assessing the income-tax. In
Halle the Circle Diet was assembled on the sth inst. There
were 22 members present: 16 landed proprietors, 3 citizens,
and 3 agriculturists. Only 6of the two former classes voted
for the continuance of the provisional diets ; they were there-
fore in the minority. From Coblenz the news is less dis-
tinct, but it appears that the ordinance is likely to occasion
as much agitation there as in other places.

All this resistance to the re-establishment of the provin-
cial diets has created a good deal of uneasiness in the
ministry. A cabinet council was a few days ago held to
deliberate on the measures to be taken to overcome it.
Messrs. Manteuffel and Westphalen have also had private
interviews on the subject, at which the Prince of Prussia
was present. It is thought that all the refractory provincial
presidents will be dismissed from their posts. A prompt
proceeding in this sense is strongly recommended by the
I /Crews Zeigung.

At Hamburg a fray between some citizens and Austrian

non-commissioned officers has had fatal consequences.
Five persons, among whom was one young girl, have been
killed, andseveral wounded. Tho fray rose out of a quarrel
at a dancing saloon. Two Austrian soldiers were, the
Boren Halle affirms, first dangerously wounded in a scuffle
in the street by civilians. Another account says that the
quarrel commenced on the side of the Austrians, that the
first shot was fired by a sergeant, and that the teterima 6.111
cause (a female), was the occasion of the fight. It does not
appear that any ill blood had previously existed between
the Hamburgers and the Austrian soldiers, so that no poll.
deal meaning can be attached to this tragic event. The
conflict lasted, it would seem, for some time. The combat-
ants were separated in the first instance by the police, and
tranquillity apparently restored, when they met again, and
a regular street battle ensued.

The Austrian military authorities at Hamburg have
made this occurrence the pretext for retorting to very
severe measures. The foreign soldiers have taken posses-
sion of many of the city watcbhousea, have planted cannon
at the city gates, have roads a great military display of
loaded guns on the parade, arrested a great many unarmed
citizens, and made many domiciliary visits, in order to dis-
cover a political design in this drunken brawl. These de-
tails I gather from the Hamburg correspondent of the
National Zeitung, who adds, that the attempt to implicate
the Hamburgers in this deplorable affair cannot but greatly
exasperate them, and is likely, instead of hindering, to pro-
voke new collisions.

The Coast, Blatt, of Bohemia, speaking of the results of
the Dimas and Warsaw conference, says, that if in thew
conferences the Danish question has not b:en fully settled,
the Czar and Count Nenelrode have at least decidedly spoken
out their mind with respect to its two most important points,
namely, the succession question, and the admission of the
whole Danish monarchy into the Bind, which last measure is
strongly recommended by Austria, as a specific against all
future revolts and disturbances. According to this journal,
Russia is not disposed to adopt the Danish views in favour
of the son of the Prince of Glucksburg, inasmuch as the Caw
roger& the succession question as a family question, and
hopes to see it determined in favour of the Oldenburg line ;
neither did the project of the aggrandisement of Germany
by the annexation of Denmark to the Confederation meet
with the concurrence of the Emperor Nicholas. The oppo-
sition of France and England on this point was urged by
his Majesty. But Austria will persist in her project, not
only from political, but also from commercial motives.

A Cabinet Council wu held yesterday afternoon at
the Foreign-office. It was attended by Lord J.
Russell, the Lord Chancellor, Marquis of Lana-
downe, Earl of Minto, Sir G. Grey, Viscount Palmer-
ston, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Sir F. Baring, Lord Broughton, and the Marquis of
Clanricarde.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY EVINIIIO.
Yesterday those scenes of violence which were ex-
cited on a previous occasion by Colonel Charras, in
ibis discussion of the doctrine of passive obedience in
the soldier, were renewed in cousequenee of similar
doctrines being broached by M. Arnaud de l'Ariege
and M. de Flotte. Towards the close of the debate
M. Charras alluded to the circumstance of General
I Benignity d'llilliers declining a command from Ge-
neral Cavaignac, to march against the insurgents of
June. M. Placatory protested against this remark
in the absence of M. Baraguay d'Hillkrs.
To-day General Bnraguay d'llilliers rose to answer
the personal allusion of M. Charras. He declared
that he had refused the command, because his mis-
sion as a representative gave him the right of
doing so; and he had no sympathy with the
t=ent of that day. He retaliated upon M.
by adding that if he had been called on to
defend the Assembly on May 15, he should not have
marched to the Luxembourg for orders. Laughter;(
all eyes were turned upon M. Charms.) General
Cavaignac stated that he had given M. Bmaguay
d'Hilliers not an order, but an invitation, to march
against the insurgents, which, as a representative, he
was perfectly free to decline. He himself might,
upon a given occasion, refuse a similar mission.
(Movement.) General Changarnier having been
alluded to in the debate of yesterday, rose to explain.
Charras had cited the famous speech of Changarnier,
in which he said that not a battalion, not a company,
not a soldier, would be found to march against the
Assembly. General Changarnier repudiated every
interpretation of his words whichcould be construed as
an approval of the monstrous doctrines of the Left as
to the right of private judgment in the soldier. M.
Charms demanded to speak, but General Lamori-
ciere called for the close of the incident, which was
pronounced by the Assembly, amid the murmurs of
the Left. Articles from Ito 14 were then adopted,
without any discussion of importance. Upon article
14, relative to the reserve, MM. Nadaud and Pierre
Leroux made speeches, which excited interruptions
and provoked the ridicule of the Right. Article 14
was then adopted. A series of articles, up to the
74th, were adopted without debate. General Gram-
mont brought forward again his amendment for im-
posing penalties on guards who shrank from march-
ing on the insurgents. The amendment was re-
jected. The sitting then broke up.
The Sugar Bill was passed by 450 votes against
228.

The amendment to the Sugar Bill, which gave rise
yesterday to a doubtful ballot, was moved by M
Charamantc, and proposes to subject spirits ex-
tracted from beetroot, to the same duties which are
levied on rum and alcohols distilled from the sugar
cane. The verification of the ballot shows the adop-
tion of M. Charamante's amendment, by 303 votes
against 298, which gives only a majority of 5.
M.AlfrcdNettement has given notice of an amend-
ment to the law on the press, removing some of the
vexatious restrictions as to the signature of articles.
M. Caller has addressed a letter to the editor of
the Illeasayer, in which he states that the report on
the manoeuvre of General d'Hautpoul and the so-
ciety of the Dix-Decembre, made public by: M.
Eugene Forcade, in a trial quite irrelevant thereto,
was an undigested mass of rough notes entrusted by
him in all confidence to M. Forcade, who was to
employ. his literary leisure in drawing up the official
memorial. M. Forcade never completed this job,
but he kept the notes, which he has now published
as an official document, out of spite against the go-
vernment for prosecuting him for a false and ma-
licious libeL The President of the Republic therefore
never saw the report in question.
M.de Vatimesnil read to-day in the committee part
of his report on the Municipal Bill.
The sub-committe for the examination of the pe-
titions on revision has required from the %testers
the assistance of several employes to assist in this
labour.

The number of petitions for revision up to the Bth
inst. is stated at 730,000.
The last sittings of the Council of State have been
occupied with discussing the bill on the responsibi-
lity of public authorities, and the motion of M.
Pradie on the responsibility of the President, minis-
ters, and other agents entrusted with authority.
M. Charles Hugo has appealed to the Court of
Cessation against the sentence pronounced on him by
the Court of Assizes.
General Pacheco lobes, envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary of the Oriental republic of
the Uruguay, has addressed a letter to the Journal
des Debate on the subject of the doubt thrown by
that journal ou the news recently published from La
Plata. The general insists on the authenticity of
these accounts; and adds that the Oriental republic,
if left to itself, far from bowing its head before its
enemy, is certain of delivering itself by the co-
operation and effective support of the states around
it. He concludes his letter by announcing his in-
tention of commencing an action against the Debate.
and says Your magistrates will decide whether,
failing in my most sacred duties, and making use of
my public character as a cloak, I have become a
forger, or whether, acting with an unjustifiable
thoughtlessness, you have advanced a falsehood, as
offensive to a whole people as to my honour."
The metallic reserve of the Bank of France con-
tinues its ascensional movement, being 4 millions
more in Paris and 2 millions more in the provinces.
The discount accommodation has diminished both in
Paris and the provinces—in the former 11 millions,
and in the latter 31 millions. The whole amount of
paper discounted at the Paris Bank during the week
was only 38,142,990 fr., and in the branch banks
67,829,233 fr. On the side of the liabilities the
amount of notes in circulation has fallen off 41 mil-
lions in Paris, and increascd 21 millions in the coun-
try. The account-current of the treasury has dimi-
nished of a million, the amount at present being
117,671,383 fr. Private accounts-current in Paris
have increased about 2 millions, whilst in the pro-
vinces they remain about as they were : the amount
of the former is now 94,061,267 fr., and of the latter
3.3,648,609 fr. The whole amount of the metallic
reserve at present is 586 millions to 3101 millions of
notes in circulation.

BELGIUM.

(BY 11)wiris Telegraph.)