The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-04 00:00:00

the belie of
ioiete. spook*? to the children inclipidls•Py Oft the neceoeft of
prams ret
With much reason may the reviewers*:
Is this the proem and result of that religkee ebeeekla lerelideb
some of our Mends are pleading with so lasi agsgsgbess•—geen
as though its absence from oar day sabode. mob be me • deelarbsee
to our piety as a people? We dare =Mot elembes le donee the
Wonishment we have felt on
it raga •f Os MM.
on this subplot, promeding, as it doe, fres sue vilealveltaere
been accustomed to regard as Imbecile, ye sellkelyee be lone Web-
teeing to a prejudice which they must knew to be a delisiies,
We do not quite agree with the writer as to the
method or limits of government interterinee with
education. But this must be the subject if a future
article.

---
WE have heard a good deal theme two days of the
Archduke Palatine, a member of the Austrian
imperial family, remarkable for the complete nullity
which distinguishes its princes, and the number of
names and titles, which canal) such repletion in the
pages of the Gotha Almanac. This prince has, it
seems, imitated a well-known freak of Lord
BROUGH.iIt, in pretending to rap at Death's
door, and to gain admission, this being merely
done to induce his friends to write his epitaph. His
Imperial Highness, like his singular lordship, has
come to life again, and has the satisfaction of perus-
ing at his breakfast table necrological accounts of his
many virtues.
Amongst these fond tributes to his worth and im-
mortality,
the Archduke must be not a little asto-
nished to find those of English journals. His
Imperial Highness little dreamed how cognisant
and concerned the world of London were about
him. He little imagined that the expansion
of our sympathies should overleap the Danube, and
that we should hail him as a great man. He go-
verned Hungary, this good Prince, for many years,
and entertained remarkable " designs for its improve-
ment, too often thwarted by the Court of Vienna."
During hie reign, we are told, "Hungary recovered
the fall consciousness of her rights and resources."
Nothing more likely or more true. The epoch be-
tween 1830 and 1846 has certainly been an awaken-
ing epoch for Young England, Young Ireland, Young
France, Yoang Germany, and why not Young Hun-
gary? But we never understood, that sovereigns
had much to do with this epoch in each country, ex-
cept to give their names to it. We are not prepared
to call in question either the greatness or the virtues
of the Archduke Palatine, merely wishing the world
joy of his continuing to wear and to exercise them.

Sunday being the festival of All Saints' day, none
of the Paris journals were published on Monday.
The storm quo of the Cabinet is confirmed by the
Ministerial journal, the Portefeuille, which lately gave
the formal announcement of the changes which are
since renounced. That journal, in its number of Sun-
day, says that when the article announcing the in-
tended elevation of M. Guizot to the presidency, and
the other changes in the Cabinet, was written, those
measures were contemplated, but that unforeseen ob-
stacles and unexpected circumstances have prevented
these " wise and natural combinations."
The last reports of the inundations brought intelli-
gence of a fact, compared with which, all the preced-
ing horrors were insignificant. An entire village, in
the department of Allier, containing six hundred in-
habitants, was suddenly engulfed by the deluge, and
every soul perished. The particulars of this will be
found elsewhere in our columns.

The Madrid mailer the 27th ult., with advices from
Lisbon to the 21st, was received in Paris on Sunday
afternoon. The decree for the dissolution of the
Cortes had not yet been published, but was expected
to appear before the end of the month. Disturbances
had broken out at Saragossa, but the authorities are
stated to have acted with such vigour, that it was
soon suppressed. The populace, on the approach of
the troops, soon dispersed. Some cries of " Viva
Espartero" were heard, and fire-arms were dis-
charged. The ministerial journals say that
this news, purposely exaggerated by the oppo-
sition, caused a decline of the funds. The
English squadron was seen off Cadiz on the
20th; it consisted of five ships and two steamers.
It left on the 21st, as it was supposed, fur the coast of
Portugal. Letters from Lisbon state that the first
regiment of infantry, composed of 400 men, had
embarked for Santarem. The King accompanied this
regiment to the place of embarkation. On his route
through the city not a rico was heard, nor did any
one salute him. On his return, two persons on horse-
back were insulted by his attendants, for not dis-
mounting as he passed. These two persons, and others,
were arrested for not having shown marks of respect
towards him. Arrests continued at Lisbon from day
to day, and suspected persons were confined on board
the vessels in the river.
Since the above was written, the Madrid mail of
the 28th ult. was received at Paris. The decree for
the dissolution of the Cortes was published; there will
be no royal session.
A despatch was received by the Minister of War
from Saragossa, confirming the intelligence received
by the last mail, that the revolutionary movement in
that city had been suppressed.
The Herald() states that intelligence was received
from Paris and London, which left no doubt that the
most fanatical party of the Carlists were preparing to
make an attempt in Spain. It was said that Cabrera
and Fortedell had embarked in England for Gibraltar
or the coast of Portugal.
The Saragossa correspondent of the Herald° wrote
that, on the evening of the 20th, an Esparterist move-
ment had broken out there. Twenty-five individuals
had been arrested, the others having taken flight,
abandoning their arms and ammunition.

as have sufferedr the inundations. The Archbishop of
Paris, by a letter, dated the 29th ult., has called on
the amv. o his diocese to make, in their several parishes,
011 AM Stiati Day (yesterday) cell'-ctions for the relief of the
samisen front the inundations.
fIIANSAVLs_VrIII NavlrJaTiort.—The PAare de la
mapou, of. she 29th ult. "Aye :—" We are able to give as
eartels the following :ewe, which is of high importance to
oredionrs. The :sinister+ of Marine and Finance have
signed a treats with a company, represented by the Marquis
de Itaigeo..ourt, Peer of France, concerning the transatlantic
naviotlon between Francs end New York. The principal
clauses are the cession by the state for ten years of the
steamers Ulna, Darien,Christophe Colomb, and the Canada,
with the condition of insuring them for twelve millions of
francs, and the making Cherbourg the point of arrival and
departure. By the treaty the service is to commence on the
let of December, but we have reason to think that it OM.
not be organised before the beginning of 1847."
MVRDER&—A rich farmer named Teissier, of Dun-
fierce, In the Haute Loire, was murdered a few nights ago, ,
in the following manner :—During • heavy
_storm a man
knocked at his door and implored shelter. M. Teirier rose
and admitted him, but hardly had the stranger entered when
he drew forth a pistol and shot M. Teiesier dead. He then
made his escape, but from some information given by Mme.
Teissier, who rushed out of her bed when
.she heard the
report of the pistol, there is as
is believe that the
murderer was a tenant of her husband, and his known
enemy. He and another man, supposed to be his accomplice,
have bem taken into custody.—A woman, named Poyelle,
the wife of a farm labourer, was tried by the Court of Assize
of the Somme, on the 29th ult. for the murder of her hus-
band during his sleep, and after a quarrel in which he had
reproached her severely for her general bad conduct, and
the criminal intercourse which she was carrying on with a
neighbour, end which be had detected. The prisoner had
endeavoured to establish a belief that her husband had com-
mitted suicide by stabbing _himself ; but the medical men,
and others who saw the body, were of opinion that death
had not been inflicted by his own hand, and some of the
neighbours had heard a child of the deceased say to its
mother—" Tu as tile papa." The child also, when asked
who had killed its father, replied," C'eet maman qui l'a
tat." The prisoner was found guilty, but the jury declared
that there were extenuating circumstances, and she was only
sentenced to six years' imprisonment with bard labour.
WILFUL MISCHIEF ON A RAILROAD. A man
named Noel was tried last week by the Court of Assize of
the Somme on a charge of having intentionally placed the
lives of several persons in jeopardy on the Bth of September
last. It appeared from the evidence that when the enquete
took place relative to the Boulogne and Amiens railroad,
there was considerable opposition on the part of some of the
inhabitants of the commune of Fontaine-sur-Somme, and
that a deep rancour on their part followed the rejection by
the authorities of the objections which they had made to the
formation of the road. On the Bth of September it was
known at Fontaine that one of the principal persons of the
enterprise was to come from Abbeville with a train of wag-
gons containing materials for the road. As the train ap-
proached, Noel was seen on the road, and signs were made
to him to get out of the way, which he did, but not before
he had placed across the rails a large hedge-stake. There
was not time to stop the train, and when it came to the ob-
struction it ran off the rails, but fortunately the only cala-
mity was some severe bruises sustained by two persons, who
were thrown off one of the waggons. Noel, whose only de-
fence was intoxication, was found guilty, and sentenced to
two years' imprisonment. Much surprise was manifested in
court at the mildness of this sentence.
~„
PROHIBITION AGAINST THE SALE OF YOISON.—
The Monitew' publishes a royal ordonnance, having for
object to enforce the existing regulations for preventing the
Lenity with which poisonous suMtances are purchased, and
adding new restrictions. It is ordered that in future all
persons dealing in poisonous articles shall make a declara-
tion before the Mayor of the Commune of the place in
which their establishments are situated, so that it may be
under direct control. Chemists and manufacturers using
poisonous substances are to make the same declaration, and
no poison is to he dispensed for medicine except by pharma-
cians, and upon the prescription of a physician, surgeon,
officier de sante, or authorised veterinary surgeon. The
venders of poisonous substances are to pleas upon the en-
velope of the parcel containing them, a paper with the name
and address of the vendor, and stating the object for which
it is destined.
LEGAL DECISION IN THE CASE OF THE CLAUZEL
FAwo.y.—The Civil Tribunal of the Seine delivered its
judgment on Saturday in the suit of the Viscount Clauzel
and his sister against Count Henry Clauzel, in consequence
of the refusal of the latter to consent to the sale of the small
property of the Cordeliers, forming part of the succession of
their father, Marshal Clauzel, and containing the family
vault in which the remains of the Marshal and those of his
father and mother are interred. Our readers will remember
from the report which we have already given of this affair
that Count Henry Clauzel objected to the sale because his
late father bad by his will requested that the property might
never be alienated, and that his remains and those of his
parents might be respected. The Tribunal has decided in
favour of the plaintiff', on the ground that the Marshal
could not by will set aside the positive obligation of the law
for the sale of property in order for the division among the
heirs. The property is, therefore, to be sold, and Vlsiount
Clauzel is to remove the ashes of his family, and re-inter
them wherever he thinks proper.—Goliroan4.
THE. LATE DISTURBANCES IN THE FAUBOURG ST.
ANTOINE, IN PARIS.—The persons arrested on a charge of
having taken an active part in the late riots in the Faubourg
St. Antoine, were brought for trial on the 29th ult., before
the tribunal of Correctional Police; they were 41 in number,
all belonging to the working class, or without profession of
any kind, and already known to the police as suspicious cha-
racters, their ages varying from 13 to 40. The trial lasted
three days, and tho evidence proved, on the part of some of
the prisoners, a great deal of ignorance, brutality, and vio-
lence. It appears that the riot commenced with an attack
upon the shops of two bakers, who, having sold all their
bread, were charged by the mob with having kept it back
for the purpose of taking advantage of a rise in the tariff
price which was to take place on the following day, whereas
they had on the day of the riot baked a double batch and
sold it all, as the inhabitants of that part of Paris are in the
habit of laying in a double stock on the eve of a rise. One
of these bakers, in order to quiet the mob and save his shop
from destruction, and also thinking his own life in danger,
got ready, es rapidly as possible, a third batch of bread,
which he distributed gratuitously ; but so little was want
the real motive of the rioters, that some who obtained bread
for nothing immediately sold it at one-fourth of its value,
and others threw it into the kennel. The police having in-
terfered to put down the riot, some of the mob were exceed-
ingly violent, and insulted and wounded, by throwing
stones, one of the commissaries of police and some of the po-
lice agents. The court, considering the evidence defective
against twenty of the prisoners, acquitted them, but con-
demned the others to fines of from IGfr. to 2.5 fr. each, and
various terms of imprisonment, from a fortnight to six
months. _ - .

IMPORTATION OP CORN.—The Marseilles Courrier
of the 29th ult. sap : " The favourable weather of yester-
day has brought into our port a considerable number of
vessels laden with corn. In the course of the evening 18
entered on quarantine, and 28 with a clean bill of health.
Letters from Constantinople, by the last packet, state that
115 vessels laden with corn had sailed for Marseilles.
GAMBLING IN PARIS.—On Thursday night a house
where private play was carried on, Rue de l'Ecluse, 13, at
the Batignolles, wu visited by the police, and about thirty
persons were found seated at play round • green table. The
stakes, cards, and furniture were seised, and the proprietor
of the house was taken to the prefecture of police. The
players consisted, as usual, of a few du, es, and a number of
old hands known to the police.
SHIPWRECKS AT ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON.—
The Minister of Marine and Colonies has received a des-
patch from the commandant of the islands of Saint Pierre
and Miquelon, reporting that, on September 19th, in the
morning, a violent gale came on from the E.N.E. veering to
N.E., and by 11 o'clock, a.m., two English merchantmen
were driven on to the rock, called the Ile aux Moules, and both
wrecked. The crews got on to the rock, which rises above
the water and clung till midnight, when they were taken off.
The French brig, Solidor, also suffered the same fate, and
her crew were, in like manner, saved by the boats of the
Vigilant, stationed at St. Pierre, and the steamer Flambeau.
In the morning of the 20th, the wind lulled, and the Flam-
beau went out to seek for an other vessels that might be in
distress. She found that had suffered, but none so
much as to need her assistance. Since then, several large
ships from the Great Bank had come in with losses of sails
and boats, and several men, among whom was the captain
of the Le'ocadie, of Grandville. On the Ile aux Chiens,
near St. Pierre, fifty fishing-boats, each worth 400 francs,
were lost.

DIPLOMATIC CHANoee.—We read in the Debata :
—" The Manilas). is, it is said, about to publish in a few days
an Ordonnance, whereby M. de Bois le Comte, the King s
Minister at the Hague, is appointed Ambassador to the Hel-
vetic Confederation, in the room of M. de Pontois, who is
allowed to retire, and is created a member of the Chamber
of Peers. M. de Bussieres replaces M. de Bois le Comte at
the Hague. M. d'Eyragaes is confirmed at Dresden, and
M. Langsdorff at Carlsruhe. It is added that M. His de
' Butenval replaces the latter at Rio Janeiro. In opening to
M. de Pontois the doors of the Chamber of Peers by an
Ordonnance, recording his good and loyal services, the Ring
has wished to evidence before the eyes of all the estimation in
which he holds his person, and the remembrance he preserves
of a career which has throughout been devoted to France.
In the Peerage, surrounded by his colleagues who have pre-
ceded him, the place of M. de Pontois was previously marked
out; and no one, we may boldly venture to affirm, can
occupy it more worthily than he."

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY

rted 6r
on t7te ''`eeet
could not be carried, accepted and soppo----
Peel's measure. The circumstances were, therefore 7"71;,..,
from what they were this time last year.—Mr, Coeh'
can inform your lordship that arrangemente are n arracuAa.-..,
for a vigorous agitation in the metropolis
Perhaps an energetic agitation will have the effect of e'4e—esti
ing on your lordship to listen to the prayer of the
otnrhoatthleePriroceardn37—. rlta'hbbe7gresdteai'l'attletolti
which have had the honor to present to your memo
P.'
e
Lord John Russell (smiling): No, that would not indslue,
to take the step you su,earest. But if I deem the alless,7
will not, in that case, hesitate to advise my I
ont;dceigarYenerwthithetidremif mlwi;etiaateproop:eagnbiliinthgt:
tesy with which he had received them.
THE PEACE SOCIETY.-A lecture On the political
and commercial importance of peace was delivered tut
evening by Dr. Bowring, M.P., at the Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street, to a crowded and lease revectable
audience. The lecturer commenced by taking a revi
the causes and consequences of war, as exhibited in thenea-
mercial and political history of the human race, desigestiss
peace as the health, and war as the debilitating eorro,la.
and destroying disease of the world, and contendinc that Ci
the wrecks and ruins of war no enduring empire had ern
been founded. It might have been thought that the eieee,e
would have discouraged war • but alas' bible and hmook'''
sword and scripture, had been brought into most tin --"'
union. Theclasaical education of the higher orders- end.
ling, as the pagan writers did, the physieal courage of
ram
—serve to feed warlike passions. But a more pesedg
spirit born among the multitude, might force its sac pg.
ward ; and was there not promise of a better state of ridette
in the temperance movement—in the growing norri:ueg.
ness to enlist in the army—in the feeling now happily se
prevalent against capital punishment ? The pacific quistioa,
in truth, was allied with whatever represented the proms
of civilization, and the friends of peace might well rijoicen
the many auxiliaries which were rasing up around t'a-u, A
reverence of human life—an appreciation of its valur—ete
one of the honouring characteristics of the pre.tia day.
Public opinion must be enlightened, informed, and de.
cated, on the advantages of peace. We must call on oar
poets and philosophers to afford us better man-fish
than we found in the pages of those who pteedeg
them. We must create an era in which genius would so
longer light its torch sit the altar of human sacrifi,
must strive to make war abhorrent to the youthful oiled.
We must delve out of the oblivion of the past other deeds
than those of clashing arms. All the great intellect. 4.1 as.
Lion must be united in promoting peace.—The lecturer weal
on to trace the gradual workings of commerce and eh ri,tianity,
in actual and necessary alliance, to promote the pr vow of
the pacific principle. Steam and railways were *mune the
greatest agents of peace, all of which tended to raise the gat
lard of man to a higher level, broke down the barrit nwhin'
separated states and empires, and blended and bound ultimo
together in common interests. We knew somettiii of the
blessings of peace from the experience of the 1.4 thirty
years. Upon the import and export trade of Great Britain,
taken together, there had been an increase in 1844 user 1814,
of nearly 7,000,000 of tons of shipping employed, ur, in other
words, our shipping had nearly trebled in a period of Mynas
of peace. In 1814, our imports amounted to 33,781 .2e4ibs.;
whilst, in 1845, they were 85,281,9581b5. The lecturer
quoted other commercial statistics, and referred to the pm.
grew of the arts in proof of the triumph of peace. An
sion to the progress of free-trade legislation elicited pest
applause. It was a practical recognition of the gnia
and elevating declaration, that God, the common aall
universal father had made of one blood all the people of the
earth—that he had wrought with the same matereds—het
he regarded with the same affection—that be diwipliari
with the same tenderm ss, and would lead to the saute high
tendencies the whole family of MAII. And what would bring
the nations of the earth together as effectually, cud unite
them as firmly in one common bond of brotherhood 3- a '4ll/0
of their mutual wants and dependencies on each nth. r > The
lecture was loudly cheered throughout, and thank- having
been voted to the hon. gentleman, on the prep.-di:on of
Mr. A. B. Stevens, seconded by the Secretary, th Rev.
John Jefferson, the meeting dissolved.

APPLICATIONS TO BE ADMITTED ATTORNFTS.--
Yesterday 157 notices were posted at the Court of Queen's
Bench, Westminster, of persons who intend applyine to be
admitted attorneys of that court in Hilary Term, Ihl7. To
be admitted on the last day of Michaelmas Term, 1846,
8. For: the renewal of certificates on the last day of
Michaelmas Term, 1846, 53, and for the renewal of certifs.
elites in Michaelmas Vacation, 1846, 18. Total numher,236.
PAROCHIAL CHARITY. —On Monday, being M!
Saints' Day, Messrs. Carr and Smith, the churchwardens of
the parish of St. Luke, Middlesex, with several of the punk
authorities, proceeded to the church of St. Giles, Cripplegate,
with which at was united up to the year 1732, for the pur-
pose of distributing wearing apparel, of various deaviptisas,
to 1,500 of the industrious poor of the parish, and an entire
dress to 60 boys and 60 girls,who were about to be apprenticed
or to go out to service, the gift arising from sums of money coa-
-1 tributed some years ago by charitable individuals. A -may
distribution took place in the parish of Crippkgatc to a laze
number of apprentices.
REDUCTION IN THE PRICE OF BREAD.—Ye4erday
there waa a general reduction of one penny in the 411.. had,
In Lambeth, Bethnal-green, Whitechapel, anal To: a, chile
court-road; the best being 71d., and household 6,d. The
West-end bakers still, however, maintain the aim•.• price,
81d. and 10d.

INQUEST. INSALUBRIOUS Dweumircs.—liy Mr.
Mills, at the White Horse, North-street, Fitzroy-squire, es
the haiy of CarolineWartters, aged three months, the atfapriai
of Sarah Wartters, a dressmaker. The deceased had has
placed out to wet-nurse with a woman named Brown, the
wife of a porter, occupying an apartment over a a.m., o•teble
in North-mews, adjoining the above house. Ou Sunday
morning last, about 3 o'clock, Mrs. Brown suck!, d the de-
ceased, afterwards laying it down by her aide, and on saking
at 8 o'clock she found it quite dead. Ever since tae duld
was born it had been afflicted with weak eyes, I. hieh had
latterly become very sore and bad. The deputy coroner re-
marked that he would have defied any one to cure the had
eyes while the child lived where it did ; and the , rtluvium
arising from the straw in ill-ventilated stables wae the cause
of so many horses going blind. It was, he coceidered. a
great pity, that where efforts were made to improte the
dwellings of the poor, and a law passed forbidding loving in
kitchens, that stables, like the one they had witues.,,l, and
other places similarly confined and unhealthy, had not been
included. There being no reason to suppose that ,i,retsed
died from other than natural causes, a verdict win seconded
of " Found dead."

ExrtontvE CoxtPousDs.—The attention which the
invention of gun-cotton has attracted to explosive eiletanees
in general renders everything relative to them of interest.
We therefore publish the opinion of Mr. W. Greener, of
Birmingham, on the subject, which is against the practica-
bility of using the gun-cotton for artillery of large
calibre. In explaining the rationale of the mecha-
nical distribution of explosive matter, he oar. "The
two agents in the production of gunpowder of all quali-
ties are nitre and charcoal. Sulphur is an adjunct not abso-
lutely necessary, save as an agglomerating suhetatie, , to firs
an enduring consistency to the grains cf gunpowder. Ex-
periments have shown gunpowder to be equally propellant
without this agent as with it. Sir Humphrey Davy die-rimed
that gunpowder, formed mechanically into the sind.est state
of grain or granulation possible, gave a much more instan-
taneous explosion than when in a larger grain. The prie•
ciple is, that the smaller grains present the greatest
amount of surface, a greater number of interstices to be
acted upon by the flame, and hence the whole
converted intoexplosive fluid simultaneously. Experieneehas
shown this discovery to be perfectly worthless in pr Hike, as
conviction has gradually returned to the fact thatguapowder,
to be beneficially employed in the expulsion of prej,ctiles,
must be made of a grain proportionate to the sire of the
gun used. in sporting gunpowder there are thre, or four
sizes of grain ; in artillery a very much larger grain is ne-
cessary—why ? That the grain may burn longer, to keep
giving out fresh expulsive matter, until the large mass of
projectile is put into motion, and to continue this generation
of force until it has reached the highest state of velocity.
This alight introduction brings us to the fact that gunpowder
to be beneficial, must be a propellant, moderated in its ex-
plosive tendency by mechanical means. We possess
knowledge of explosive materials vastly more power-
ful than gunpowder, hut, from this very fact, quite use-
less as a projectile force. This has been sufficiently tested
on many occasions. The discovery of the gun cotton is
the extreme diffusion of nitre in immediate contact with
charcoal, or more properly speaking carbon, the ingredients
41 which exist in the most minute portions that can he con-
ceived, the nitre in solution, the carbon in the smallest
particles, many thousand times more minute thnii ever
attempted (or possible) to be obtained by any orb, r means
whatever. The action of the acid upon the cotton, when
immersed in it, is to remove the small proportion of vege-
table matter, and to impregnate the remainder, which is
nearly all carbon, with nitre : thus forming by the simplest
means the most perfect inisorporation of the explosive
agents, and exposing an ani.,unt of surface to the action of
the flame greater than .ilitaluahle by any other means yet
discovered. It will be rerceised this is but the extension,
to an enormous extent, of llav e's scheme of small granu-
lation; for it is but the wastaltaneous liberation of the
gases of gunpowder by me, hanical agency; there is no new
power obtained ; its action is thus powerful by its instants-
neotut ignition. The low temperature at which it is ignited
arises from the minuteness of the particles brought in contact
with the heating agent. The reason of its being exploded
over granulated gunpowder without igniting it is, that its ex-
plosion does not endure sufficiently long to raise the particles
of gunpowder up to 600 degrees of heat ; but could the gun-
powder be reduced to the most impalpable state of powder,
similar to the cotton wool, it would explode with the
same degree of heat. Sporting powder explodes at a lees
temperature than cannon powder, and so on, all depend-
ing on the quantity of matter heated. Another point,
that forty grains of the gun cotton effects more force,
or gives more velocity (to small projectiles) than *fifty
of gunpowder, may be explained by two facts,
grams
first, instantaneous explosion; secondly, filling a greater
space, or being more bulky than the gunpowder in
grain, it gains the aid of the expansion of the air contained
within its interstices, and a corresponding velocity acquired.
But that the same weight of the one will generate the rams
amount of permanent gases as the other, is a chemical cer-
tainty ; therefore, we are justified in asserting the discovery
to be a really mechanical means of diffusing and incorporat-
ing the agents of explosion. The just estimation of these facts
must impress us with the conviction that, save for very limited
purposes, this discovery can Hover benefit the human race, and
is certain to cause many lamentable accidents ; no gun ever
made will long withstand its use, if quantity is eimployed,lll
the intensity of its velocity brings it on a perfect similarity
with the fulminating compounds ; these will project small
projectiles with great velocity a given distance, but to obtain
an extended range is impossible, with safety; its application
to cannon will (if very great caution is not used) be The
means of destroying many valuable lives ; for sufficiently
do I feel conversant with tho subject to affirm, that there is

her 14
,ing
under
lie. Ti
y the de
vehicle
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10 co.. •
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table m •
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e
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If, wit
lard;—
Non
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us that t •
objection
lire of t'
master 8
, stand',
..ty 61;.
.e Baste
services I
privilege
vidnal on
• y train
re is no '
.e nreessit
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y adve
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KI the lin .
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see the
• Ruse it
*itg of rail
• gone eve
e menthe
b.-en thro
II Dlt;
of the 10t
lit near C
Its monst
as found
AIX A.
as Mr.
re descril .
titake anl
on, the
air-law m
11,969. T
Asticv.
y, and We
w ‘itu ttisn
,pe tolled
of an emirs
• c of the pl
cotton ant
by power;
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making; h
I not he fe
situated in
it effort', an
Mugs of dr
d other trod
nd a free fel
angles. 'l'l
lie air they 1
t, and the
.t ; Iroutifu
!knee, tYI
here at the
icty of m
seders; but
n
the most lib
thee sicknes
and the
• of Astlry a
visitations.
high and
the great I;
green—brit
• shady, wit
• ows, and p
• hops, and
Tall
y are I het
rt's (vette°
n ; for, we
'ng for hou
t were in bl
t, or where
ly verdant
ails, the at
over with a
, and in din
°ugh for all
igh, as I be
the principa
I the looms
of cotton ;
e staple mai
ble to all th
t only ball;
ployment.
Act of Pa
else employer
more of " I
1 before or
the employe
d it becam
•-ilsworth, an
• ese Lancash
ed, and wot
t knowing t
• at even they
MAI which,
one of the in
Cr• or not thi
to I,e discuss
in the first i
• , where it ha
years ago the
Tan in Leigh.
rn the weaving
nth. they brow
gh, taking it 1
Manchester em
la and their we
arising causes,
WWI from Lcis
I, producing th
Meek they asks
I Op manufact