The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-27 00:00:00

AMERICA AND MEXICO.

The St. Louis Republican contains a circumstantial and
' not uninteresting account of the march to Santa Fe by the
Americans, and the taking possession of that city. It would
seem that General Armijo had actually 4,000 men at his
command, but very badly armed ; and that on the 16th they
left for the place appointed as the battle-ground. When he
got there, however, a council of his officers was called, and,
" much to his satisfaction," they refused to fight. His
second in command, Col. Archuletti, was exceeding tido.
rous up to a late date, but very suddenl7 changed his entire
views of the necessity of the quarrel. N cry soon after this
determination, Gov. Armijo turned his head towards Chihua-
hua, followed by a few dragoons. Meantime the American
General Kearney continued his march, meeting with no
opposition, and informing the alcaldes and curets along the
road that he came to claim the country for the United Statos,
that he would not plunder, but pay for everything; would
respect religion and protect it ; and would act as sovereign,
not as conqueror. The following account of the successful
issue of the expedition is from the diary of an officer :
Aug. !X.—Started as usual, and at Mx mile; came to the cannon,
where the Mexican army bad been assembled. There hiel been 3,050
troops there, but it seems that the nearer we antroached them, the
fewer the. became, and when we passed through they had all gone.
The position they chose was near the lower end, and it was one of
great strength. The passage was not more than forty feet wide—in
hoot they had made an obstruction with timber, and beyond this, at
900 yards distance, was an eminence in the road, on which their can-
non had been placed; and it was thought by us that their position
was equal to 1,000 man. We reached the hill which overlooks Santa
Fe at five, r.s. Major Clark's artillery was put into line, and the
mounted troops and infantry were marched through the town to the
Palace (as it is called), on the public square, where the Gene-
ral and his staff dismounted, and were received by the
acting governor arid other dignitaries, and conducted into
a large room. The. General stated, in a few words, the
object of his visit, and wave assurance. of safety and protection to all
unoffending citizens. While this transpired, the stars and stripes
were hoisted on the staff which is attached to the palace, by Major
Swords ; and as soon us it was seen to wave above the buildings, it
was hailed be a national salute from the batteries of Captains Fischer
and Weight Man, under the command of Major Clark. While the
General was proclaiming the conquest of New Mexico, as a pert of the
United States, the first gun was heard : "There," said be, "my guns
proclaim that the ((ago( the United Stales &ate over this capital..." The
people appeared satiatleaL The General slept In the palace, (we demo-
crats must call it the governor's house). One company of drammos
was kept in the city as a guard, and the business of the day was
ended.
Thus in the short space of fifty days has an army been

marched nearly 900 miles, over a destrt country, and con-
quered a province of 80,030 soub, without firing a gun.
Aro. l9.—The General addreased the wole people today more at
length than he had on other omissions, and too:: particular care to give
them the most positive assurances of protection their pence', pro-
perty, and religion. Many families had fled on his apPrustatend be
told their friends to bring them beck, and to say to them they
would be more safe under his administration than they had ever been.
He stated, that in taking pooseasion of New Mexico, he claimed the
whole of it for the United thetas, without reference to the 810 Grande.
Ile absolved them from their allegiance to Mexico and Governor Ar-
rnijo, and proclaimed himself gevenior of New Mexico, and claimed
them DA citizens of the United States.

The acting Governor and Alcaldes then took the oath of
allegiance to the United States, and the people, with a si-
multaneous shout, exclaimed, " Vice la General." The
acting governor then addressed the people as follows:—
John Baptist, Vigil and Atcalde, political and military Governorpro
Less. of the department of New Mexico, to the inhabitants of Santa ke,
the capital thereof, greeting ; It having been out of my power, by all
the exertions that I could put in practice, to calm the fears impressed
on the inhabitants by the desertion of General Don Manuel Armijo
and his soldiers, and what was most frightful, he having made them
conceive, on the approach of the military forces of the government of
the United States of Piorth America to the capital, that said forces
were composed of cruel and sanguinary savages, and for which many
families have Leh their homes, to hide themselves in the desert, be-
lieving that no wear& , no protection of their lives or property was
to be expected from the commander of said fortes: and in order to
appease these feats I thought it convenient and necessary to order to
be set up in the most public places, the proclamation of the chief of
said forces, of which the following is its tenor." lie then read the
proclamation which General K. had sent among the Mexicans in
advance.

Genera/ Ampudia has published no less than five pro-
clamations. The following is one :
The General-in-Chief of the corps d'ormee of the north to the inha-

bitanta of the departments of -Coahuila, Nuevo La" and Taman.
Ilpas.
FeDew-citizens (Conciudadanos): For the second time I enter this
Interesting part of the Mexican territory, to lead the soldiers who are
anxious to fight, in order to humble the pride of the foreign invader,
and to liberate from the minions of slavery, to which we shall he re-
duced, if he shall consummate his depraved intentions. We have
visible examples of this assertion in the disgraceful condition of the
inhabitants of Bejar La Bahia, and recently the district of the north of
Tamaulipas. We apprehend the great principle is incontestible, that
the people which seeks to he free, is so. Recollect, countrymen,
that the Spaniah nation, with the warlike and formidable armies
of Napoleon in her capital and strong places, maintained a vigor-
mu and triumphant re sistanee to the end of the glorious struggle ;
and we ought not the less to remember, that the heroes of our own
temintipation from the mother country, without science in war
struggled for the space of e!even years to break the chains that found
as to the will of a monarch distant two thousand leagues. My
Mends: Our brethren from the neighbouring depot amen hasten to
the war ; they send thousands of brave volunteers to your aid; and
lastly, it is very probable that the leader of our independence (:) and
founder of the republic (! l) General of Division anti benefactor of
the country, D. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, will come to the theatre
of the war, at the head of a large reinforcement of troops, to conduct
the campaign. In the meantime, courage, ouuntrymen, and oppose
the enemy by your utmost etforts.—llead-quarters, In tip• city of
Saltillo, Aug. 27. (Signed) PEDRO DE A

To-morrow, I will enleavour to translate and send the
others. Another says,
Considering that the hoar has arrived when energetic measures end
precautionary dispositions should be taken to liberatethe departnients
of the East from the rapacity of the Anglo-Americana ; and for attend-
ing to the rights of the people and the usages of war, every person
who may prove a traitor to he country, or a npy of toe mine, shall
suffer death without any remission of sent, nee ; and, taking into con-
sideration that it is 1111, bounden duty to put an end to the evils which
have been caused by the contralaind trade that hen been indiscrimi-
nately carried on by the usurpers of our sacred territory; and using
the faculties which the laws have empowered me with, 1 decree as fol-
lows : —l. Every native or foreigner who shall, either directlyor indi-
rectly, voluntarily aid or amid the enemy in any manner whatnoever,
shall nuffeffdeuth by Deltic shot.-2. All those who, after the publica-
tion of this proclamation, shill continue to traffic in contraband arti-
cles with the enemy, shall suffer the same ps natty named in the pre-
ceding article.-3. The authorities of every branch of the public ser-
vice will take especial care, under the strictest responsibility, that this
article shall be rigorously complied with.
PROCLAMATION.
To the inhabitants of New Mexico by Brigadier General S. W.
Kearney, commanding the troops of the ended States in the same.—
As by the act of the republic of Mexico, a state of war ethos between
that government and the United States, and as the undersigned, at the
head of hi• troops on the Itith; inst., took possession of Santa Fe, the
capital of the department of New Mexico, he nowannounces hie inten-
tion to hold the department with its original boundaries on both
sides of the Del Norte) an a part of the United States, and under the
name of the Territory of New Mexico. The undersigned has sorer to
New Mexico with a strong military force, and an equally istrongone ie
following Close in hisrear. Helms moretroops than necewary to put down
any opposition that can possibly be brought against him, and therefore it
would be but folly or madame for any dissatisfied or discontented persons
to think of resisting him. The undersigned has irestructioas from his
government to respect the religious institutions of New Mexico, to
Iprotect the property of the church, to cause the worship of those be-
onging to it to be undisturbed, and their religious rights in the
amplest manner preserved to them. Alno, to protect the person and
property of all quiet and peaceable inhabitants within its boundaries,
against .their enemies, the Eutaws, Nayahoes, and others; and while
he ensures all that it will be his pleasure as well as his duty to com-
ply with those instructions, he calls upon them to exert themselves
in preserving order, in promoting concord, and in maintaining the
authority and efficiency of the laws; and to require of these who have
left their homes and taken up arms against the troops of
the United States, to return forthwith to them, or etre they
will be considered as enemies and traitors, subjecting their per-
sons to punishment, and their property to seizure and confiscation,
for the benefit of the public treasury. It is the wish and intention of
the United States to provide for New Mexico a free government with
the least possible delay, ...Fidler to those in the United States, and the
people of New Mexico will then he called on to exercise the rights of
freemen in electing their own representatives to the territorial legisla-
ture ; but until this can be done the laws hitherto in existence will be
continued until changed or modified by competent authority, and
those persons holding office will continue in the same for the present, '
provided they will consoler themselves good yin-yens, and willing
to take the oath of allegiance to the United Staten. The
undersigned hereby absolves all persons resit:lag within the
boundary of New Mexico from further allegiance to the
republic of Mexico, and hereby claims them as einem., of the
United States. Those who remain quiet and peaceable will be
oonsidered as gent citizens, and receive protection. Tame who are
found in arms, or Instigating others against the United States will be
considered as traitors, •and treated accordingly. lion Manual Armijo,
the late governor of this department, has fled from it. The under-
signed has taken possession of it without firing a gun, or spilling a
drop of blood, in which he most truly rejoices, and fur the present
will be considered as governor of the territory. Given at eonta Fe,
the capital of the territory of New Mexico, this 22nd day of August,
1816, and in the seventy-fird year of the independence or the United
States.—By the Governor, S. W. Kessaini, Brig. Gen.
A correspondent of the New York Herald of the Bth iad.
writes as follows
- - - - • • -

Idarsmouss, Maxico, SEPT. 14.—The last arrival from
Camargo brought information that M`Cullough's Rangers
had met a party of the enemy's cavalry on the road to
Monterey. The Rangers were about 40 miles beyond Se-
ralvo, when they saw a considerable body of horsemen,
armed and mounted, supposed at first to be Canale's ran-
cheros. The Mexicans retreated, and were vigorously pur-
sued, until they came up with a large body, consisting of
near a thousand men. The Rangers then retreated in turn,
and brought the news to our general. It was thought that
this Mexican force was the advance of their army, and that
they intended to give us battle between Seralvo and
Monterey, several leagues from the latter; of course we
have reason to expect this, if they intend to defend their
city. It was even supposed that the enemy might be advancing
to fight Gen. Worth at Seralvo, before Gen. Taylor and the
rest of the army should come up. This they could not do,
however, as Gen. Taylor must have arrived at Seralvo before
that place could have been reached by any part of the
enemy's force. The brigade of Gen. Quitman was the last
on the ground at Seralvo. It is believed he reached it about
Friday last, the 11th. And I think we may safely calculate
that the army moves this morning for Monterey.
The enemy may attempt to interrupt the American
general's communications; this would be as effective as a
direct attack. Contemplating such • possibility, the com-
mands at the principal depots, from the Brazos to Camargo,
are awake. In this city we have a strong guard in the
Plaza, a command of artillery in Fart Paredes, and Col-
Cartis's regiment of Ohio volunteers encamped near by. Any
reverse, or even check, of Gen. Taylor would so embolden
the inhabitants of this frontier, that a series of attacks upon
our different positions might be expected. The steamers are
still busily employed in throwing supplies to Camargo, and,
that they may be forwarded, a large force will be required
to keep open the road thence to Monterey.
It cannot escape observation, that Gen. T. is now march-
ing at the head of • force far larger, but widely difPrent in ,
character, from that which fought at Palo Alto. There, all
were regulars. He knew every officer, and had the utmost
confidence in every man. Now, he has a mixed force
Though he does not distrust the courage of his countrymen,
he has, in his long career as a soldier, had numerous occa-
sions to know the magic effect of discipline. This cannot be
overrated. The Mexicans know well, that the former bat-
tles were fought by regulars alone, on our side; and I am
told that they count much upon what they conceive to be
the comparative inefficiency of the volunteers. But if our
great superiority of race is not as clearly demonstrated in any
coming, as it has been in any past conflicts, I misjudge the
character of our troops of both descriptions, and am wholly
mistaken in the spirit which animates the entire force which
now composes Gen. Taylor's army. We hear they are in
the best and highest spirits, and confidently expect to meet
the enemy.