The Express.
London, England, 1851-03-22 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCII 22, 185

AMERICA.

. timtist and slave-holder, under a despotic power 1 GERMANY. I
gilt erVrelSOe that would favour neither, but keep both
in equable durance, they all might agree.
The
.Liebais contains news. of great importance '
i
ARRIVAL OF THE CAMBRIA.
from Germany. The pretensions of Prussia in her'
But in a republic where one by merely reaehing „
last note, of March 10, were not quite • (Faux ocR ows Costuroxaext.)
TO CORRESPONDENTS. numerical superiority is sure to put a legislative and
atm mintuulatc.kd tor - Ike kv;.o.s." Limlas Pith* paper administrative yoke on the other, the mutual intole-
des described iu the late article of the //dials It etas•accurately
Prussiademanded that the number of LIVERPOOL, Fitiovr Evraixo.
The British and North Aniericau Royal Mail
must f. u utotice, i., a...mi.-um; lis two ...awl eit uci'l ranee and dead are conceivable. If the 'Louisan
said that
steamer Cambria, which, it will be remembered, took
iisr of msuesuon. "coral" votes should be raised to 17 ; and insisted
', catholics of this kingdom became numerically and
oul the mails and cargo of the Atlantic, after the
on a real parity with Austria in. the exercise of the , pditically predominant, and in predominance fol-
:Inc latter fact is quite true; but lowed up the maxims of their religion as developedaccident to her machinery, returned to Liverpool
propo:nions of Prussia relating to the con-
'in the canon law, there can be no doubt that the P,TesideneY•this evening. She left New York on the sth inst.,
protestants would rise in arms ; in the United States the
stitution f the executive power are very dif- bringing therefore three days' later intelligence.
!the same althea rani., is had recourse to by the
ferent from those just alleged. Prussia desires . -..
' i 'the tinted States steamer Pacific, which sailed
She has seven passengers only.
LON/ALY, SATURDAY, MARCH 22. souther:is, whenever the abolitionists prevail in the
that this power should consist of only
' legislature; by the abolitionists, whenever the South- five hence the 22nd of February, arrived at New York
'members, two peimanent, and the remaining
Tits worst characteristic of that prim ticul or mom erns dictate laws to the confederation.
three The permunen members arc, of ton the 6th instant.
liberal school of toreism, which was formed by Sir In this during struggle it is fortunate for humanity , The new steam-ship North America arrived off,
Austria temporary. and Prussia • the three
Thec other states of the. fNroemw
California,
t,haei•ldni4gsoht(osfintdhoc66tihn,cuoilisithanldatedrusntreo•ns
Itoius.ar Pkt.l., and to which S,ir, JAM" 6,a;"1"1 and civilisation, that those arrayed in opposition to (.2772. to be
chosen
'th temP"a .
em.to
be mode of election
rani. il, has been its decided worship of expewener, slavery are much more wise in their generation than '('ailt!",''ra are between by
and the unblushing use that it has always made .of •on
Prussiaeaenitonne yet? them.
the owners or even the renrcei of slaves. And sofreight and in the hands of sengers. The British
the motive,. of necessity and fear. The whigs have vastly superior is the cunning of the Yankee, that thatrna'aN, y .
..tsi Raid .
..tTsuchf as to secure to •
steamer Avon arrived at Charges on Feb. 21, front
the nwrit of assuming the championship of toles- even when he has eoncluth a a bargain which 1
An!t pou el•irdatnhe
invariable
kinei,
nnhiajori
..
idoinvfotes agallist
San Juan de Nicaragua. She sailed on the evening
lion and imunciputain upon pi inciple. The torus turns out disadvantageous to himself,let to
he her. tfinairavotes out of the tivt'•no'si thei
e . •P" of the 21th for Carthagena. She took 800,000 dots.
yielded the latter avowedly from motives of ex- knows how to slip out of it, and snhsti-
~ CU! 11,t. power. ,
pediency, of strengthening and uniting the empire,
, lute another more conducive to his interests, n era . .
tnth • wkward f -dare of this range
isfrent es the,
in silver bars, and about 1,000,000 dole. in gold dust.
and of u"idielf the oltccuulive of civil War' so which arc, after all, the interests of humanity. k.f. of
,nnu, • neeril sary evelus.ion u on
. the our k.ings. Mean- , Arrived at Panama from San Francisco Tennessee,
' steamer, Feb. 9th ; Republic, steamer,' Feb. 20th,
one ha. avowed this in plainer language than the was it with the great accord between north and while tills.; Pru(snsmn diip oNninutniis,ths at \ temp, Stott- with 260 passengers and 1,000,000 doll. in gold dust ;
Duke of Wm.uNiiroN. d • , have hinted that
south, that consisted in drawing a line across the ' /7, :n n .:edn' • • Panama, steamer, Feb. 21st, with 30 s, s and
yaw lige•rs
Once was enough to have employed this humilia- pretensions are entirely attn-
continent, north of which no slavery should i uel leXaggt:r'il_ • of
~., • 1,000.000 dull. in gold dust; Oster, slop, with 76 pas-
ting language. adA we cannot but feel supremely be permitted. south of which it might ex., ita /IC. to the design Austria to swamp the con-
-.still at finding this mean argument hashed up t • 1 11l .1
The conquest, not merely off fetkraunn n
y entering it with all her states. The moods; Trident, barque; Muth, brig; and Drum-
(lll a, i n um. b i
- -

81011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDOE
UAT—Sloteiwt. sh. IS. A”wirsaa, 51.11..
70-sassow—Motaarg. Us. s:e. ..... .Aftersous. 111.

disgusted at t. ......_ _ .
•
again by Sir Jaw:, titialtxm, and mingled with even Texas, but of Mexico, was not thought of then.
viler condiments. The entire gist of his argument But when the celebrated line opened to slavery
on Thursday night was this: " You cannot separate the world of territory between the Nli,sissippi and the
lolund from England in any measure, "-pr'ing ' Bav Of California the northern% felt themselves over-
It in catholic encroachment. To do anything, wf;tinted
by the vastness of range which the prin-
vigorously in repressing it is dangerous, for it would'l
ciple antagonistic to them had obtained. They sought,
produce civil war and resistance in Ireland. And, I therefore, for a revision of the law of the past, and
tin refort, let the Poet. and the Roman catholies do' obtained it, the south being content with a certain
a. they will : vou cannot check them even in Eng- delimitation westward, leaving Californians mail
land. it at the Irish should raise the standard of re- Amerieo-Mexicans to proscribe slavery as they
hellion." We art startled to find such arguments as : pleased. In return for tills concession the southern
these coming from the mouth of an English 10:!!*" 1 obtained the privilege of reclaiming their fugitive
--inch mum from tin English stutt:stuan. slaves even in the cities of the northern states. This

indefinitely the conference of Dresden, which -new
possibly be dissolved. If this eventuality
should. be realised, it is expected that either
the mediation of Prussia mill be appealed
to, or that the old I het will be re-esta-
blished. Energetic remonstrances against the
encroachments of Austria have not been wanting
on the part of France and England. The note of
the 2:frd February, addressed by M. Weider
to the French charge-d'affairts at Vienna, con-
tains the following passage: "The govern-
ment of the Republic, decided beforehand not
innovation, and deems it

, .
Arrived at Panama from San Fracisco, Feb. 21,
British brig Brazilian. There had been uo choice of
United States senator in California. The contest lay
between Colonel Fremont and the lion. T. Butler
King. The election was to take place in two or
three days. It was thought that Colonel Fremont
was gaining ground.
The Alta-Caliwnia of Ist Feb. says : " This is
our dull season, and we are heavily supplied with
goods. Many goods are put off at auction, the
owners not being in the regular trade. Rents and
storage expenses are in many cases the reason of this.
We have no special cause of discouragement.
fur • -

Milli, MU- They
are, in our opinion, the very incarnation of poi-
tronery.
We can have no wish to provoke any claw; of
fellow-eitiaens to Mullion, but we are nut to be de-
terred Iran doing *hat is right and what is Walt-
sary for self-clefence, by the bugbear that it will
rui*• the passions of the ever-suseeptible Irish. We
must suppose our Irish fellow creatures to be fair
allll rational nu*; und, if so, they must admit that
Emzlish protestants have ample reason to complain
of the assumptions of Rome, und ample right to pro-
tect themselves agaimt them.
Sir JAME"; Ortaricu in 1t441 cornea forward with
preeisely the acme language and the same view*
which he may have held in 1r4•29. And he
most foolishly takes it for granted that there has
be in no change, during the period that has elapsed,
between the relative puoitions of vrotestants and
Roman embodies. There was then hut one feeling
in everylila nil mind- -to deliver the Roman catholic*
from unjust political exclusion. Uncertain what use
the Homan catholic* might make of such a boon,

was apparently a great triumph over the abolitionists,
and the vanity of the southern grasped at it. To be
able to send their slave-drivers to Boston or New
York, then• seize their fugitive men and women pm-
rev, awl drag them back to bondage, that was a
gratification.
But the cunning men of the north knew the nul-
lity of what they were giving. They knew the ex-
pense, the trouble, the difficulty of executing such a
law. There are said to be fifteen thousand fugitive
slaves in the northern provinces; since the passing u
the law there have been re-captured five! And cue..
of these cost infinitely more m recovering than a
young and sound slave would have cost. The
anathema remonstrate, and want to be off of their
But all the Whig statesmen, the PRESIDENT in-
cluded, say no; the law shall be executed; we will
call out the military to help You. Such slaves as
von can catch you must be caddis.' to keep. It may
k hard on the present generation of fugitives; but
have circumscribed the territories of,

to accept such an wn, sois
its duty to declare that if it were effected without its
assent, and without the assent of all the powers
which signed the general treaty of Vienna, it would
regard &e step as a flagrant violation of that treaty."
Notwithstanding. this opposition, Austria is far from
giving up her point. She bides her time. In the mean-
time the Count of Munch-liellinghausen,who presided
as the representative of Austria during many wars
over the German I)ict, has been apponiled Prince
Sehwarzenberg to draw up an elaborate memoran-
dum in reply to the notes of tbreign powers, in which
the question will be treated under all aspects.
The fktsits publishes, at the foot of this article, a
curious document, being a note of the Emperor
Francis, inserted in the minutes of the I list, under
date of April 6, 1618, and giving a list of the
Austrian possessions entitled to form part of the con-
federation, according to Art. 1 of the Bundes-Akte.
The Duchy of Milan is expressly excluded. Every-
body knows that the definition applied by this article
to the Prussian and Austrian donunions entitled to
form part of the confederation, is " the whole of their

New enterprises n.. trade on the coast are constantly
projecting. Everything is as vet but in its infancy,
and these fluctuations are bu't temporary, as our
march is onward without question."
Another dreadful steam-boat explosion had taken
place ou the Mississippi, which is narrated as fol-
lows
The steamer Oregon, bound down from Louisville, while
passing through the shute of island No. 82, at 1 p.m. on
the moniing of the 2nd of March, burst her boiler with a
tremendous report, carrying away the forward cabin and
upper deck, and killing or wounding sixty persons. She
was heavily laden, and had from 80 to 100 passengers. She
took fire after the explosion' and burned to the water's
edge ; and being in the channel of the river, under weigh
at the time, would have consumed all on hoard, but for the
assistance of the Iroquois, which was warding within a mile
of the Oregon. Upon seeing the explosion, Captain Lea of
the Iroquois, gave orders to go to her relief, and in a few
minutes she was alongside the Oregon. The flames bad
just burst through the hurricane roof. Men, women, end
children were collected together on the after part of this
boot, without any means of getting away except by jump-
ing into the river. The shrieks ef the women, the frenzy
of the men, ready to leap overboard to avoid the dames,

still it wax the determination of all to grant it,
-t-11 - that the Mime mind and ?,WO'

as in return we have
slavery, we hold that great guarantee fur the future.

ousgessions formerly belonging to the German empire."

and the groans of the e.calded and dying, and the piteous
lowing of the cattle. battles description. Captain .L‘t!!'an

well aware
which was magnanimous to yield rpm ity
was vigilant and able to defend itelf, blkuultl
the power then ceded he turned against thu
prerogatives of the crown, or the system of liberty
enjoyed by the subject. But protistroitism, which
in I S2B, was in tin' miss! of gelleIMIS ellilethr4loll, Ix
in 1001, brought bock to sentiments of necessiuy
defemy. When the bons, at the former epoch,
plcadell tin invessity of uniting the empire and avoid-
mg tit il war, as one of the fives for beim; liberal
81111 just, lilwrals areepted the argument, ax good in
its effect on the narrowly timid. Hut such
an :trig nt addressed to themselves they mast
scorn, when it is adilurtsl against the enforeing the
very law M. (s2l'. Sir *Uttar:is flittlivvi whys the pre-
sent law is it pcstal one; if so, the law of I ?QM was a
penal law. Ile might. in truth, as well call that a
mai law which forbids any one to wear their hat
.111 the presence of the Sovereign, shut any jirelate
tint sign hillVelf bishop of the Roman catholic reli-
gion in Wrsimitistrr or in Canterbury, and enjoy all
the trusts and the prolayty that can Le left to lam in
that IR • Mitt under that capacity.
No doubt this is a mark of inferiority, a sign
that the Protestant is the established religion and
the Roman catholic is nut. It may be that their
relative posit' may one day be revs rsed--teversed
in Ireland DT reversed in Englund. But if so, let it
be thaw by the sovereign power of parliament and
of the crown after solemn debates. in %WA the
laity are to Mkt' 'sort. Let it he done at the demand
of 'English. and Irish Roman eutholits, fully und
sanetioned by the constitutional posers of the
country, instead of such a revolution tiring achieved
by the hull of a foreign penny, with an Austrian
stir sitting in hi,. cabinet, and a French soldier
guarding his door.
We eannot conclude our remarks on Sir JAMES
GUM nit English and unmanly speech, without
pointing out that notable piece of Jesuitry, in which
he repnxsents los former opposition to the appropria-
t* -louse to have prom-dill from his at vision to
endowment*. The entire of his speeth was, indeed,
a tissue of sycophaney—sveophuney to the Roman
eatltolie, isycophaney to ale dissenters, and finally
sycophancy to the whigs. But the 11141.4 prodigious
erliot of the kind was his representing his optiowition
to the diversion of the fun& of the protestant church
in Ireland to purposes of education, as an endow-
ment. which, as such, ought to lie scouted by dissen-
ters. This, in usith. out-Grahamises Guam %le.
ill, most important result or Sir Jamwt GRAIIA3I'n
epsvrh woe. however, the reply that it provoked. it
certainly called from lsird JotiN RessEbt. his inmost
thought, and showed that he had, at this particular
amnion of his political carter, altered his course'
front a sedulous promotion or the liberties and deve-
lopment of the !tonsil' catholic church to a welbre-
th coil and detern ' resistance to its further en-
croachments. 'Mis ground has been taken by Lord
Jolts Itt'ssrl.l, as an English tonstitutionalist and
an Eunipsun liberal, an: toms to give to his fellow-
subjects all the liberties they can fairly demand,
without those additional powers anti supremacy
which can asked and assumed solely witfi
a view to dominate anti injure protestant'..
Lord Jun,, did not deign to answer Sir
Jambs Olt to em's arguments on the score of difficulty
and expediency. His conviction and his proof wail
that that old religious conspiracy of the court of Hamm
against tlw liberties of Europe was revived, and that
the first duty of an Englishman and a lover eir
liberty, civil and religious, wax to resist. As there
is no one who will not study with attention the worth
of the Prime Minister, we need not repeat them. The
man who never could see before. and cannot sec now,
the ntyessity of offering resistance to Rome, its pre-
tensions anti its fully—with that man it were vain to
argue. The only persons who are to he reasoned
itlt are' those who, admitting the- necessity of re-
sistance, nject every mode that has been proposed,
and deny that any mode can be proposed
which would be effectual, feasible, :and just. The
present bill, however, commences the entrenchment.
It pluses the spade in the ground, and shows the de-
tenuination of the prof scants anti constitutionaligs
of this empire to defendthemselves and their institu-
tions in ease of further attack. The present bill
initiates the work of defence. If it deter the
enemy. well and good ; if not, and if they march
lit fir bolder to the assault, then there will he a
continuance of defensive precautions. This was the
unly CICALA• for the smallness of the measure.

and Must maintain it at all cost.
If is strange, it is comical to observe the mode in
which the choler of the south, mad at being over-
reached, vents itself. 'there has been no cud of
threats, of exaggeration, of promises of nullification
and rebellion. The southern states are to have a
convention, and on a certain day they say they will
dissolve the Union. Nor are the sturdy men
of the north-west less forward to say that
should the case arise, tiny will march to
put them down. More comical are the com-
plaints of some southern members, who accuse
their northern colleagues of not being sincere—of
helping them personally to recover their fugitive
slaves, but of not entering heart and soul into the
matter: their acquiescence is from mere motit es of
interest. To be sure it is, respond the northerns.
'We never pretended anything e je. AVlcat does the
Union itself repose on but identify of interests? Ib
you think that a great confederation can hold to-
gether by sentiment?
We have described this quarrel and its nature, to
show how similar it is in its tenor and effects to
that which at present agitates us. It has stopped
all business for the last two sessions. This vear
the only business the Congress have completed was
the law reducing the rate of postage to a gene-
ral one of three cents. Every other motion has
been lurked. Even the appropriation or money Mils
was put off till the lust, and passed with difficulty. 1
And such was the struggle of members to discuss
his favourite topic or carry his favourite bill during
the few remaining data of session, which arc num-
bered beforehand, th.at at last the members had a'
replar pugilistic set-to, and the session ter-.
militated in a scrimmage. Herr, we are sorry to
say, the similarity still holds ; for although
our session was not altogether closed by Mr. lIENta
Ditumstosn's speech, yet the scene which it gave
rise to was quite worthy of Washington. Had the
number for Surrey been a hot abolitionist, de-
nouncing the iniquities of tastily slavery and rousing
the partisans of those principles to personal menace,
the purliamentary scenes on both sides of the
Atlantic would have been of the most perfect mem-
, , Mance.

The Austrian answer to the Prussian note of the
9th has arrived at Berlin. It would seem from this
that the report of an approaching interview between
Prince Schwarzenherg and M. Manteutfel was
groundless, for the answer is indecisive and unsatis-
titetory. No concession is made in it with respect to
!the presidency or the paiity and the opposition of
I foreign states to the collective entrances of Austria
into the Hurd, makes the prospect of a settlement of
the pending questions stillmore distant. The Berlin
papers are all occupied with the anniversary of the
18th March.
The Austrian note to the Porte, touching the pro-
ject of limning a free harbour at Scutari, is said to
he' very peremptory. The cabinet of Vienna sees in
the project a hostile demonstration against
Trieste and Austrian commerce in favour of Eng-
land. The Hamburg Noe/wield affirms that there
is a secret agreement between the cabinet of St.
James's and the Divan, whereby the harbour of
Scutari and a considerable part of the Albanian coast
is, under masked fonns and under possible '
contin-
geneies, to be delivered up to the English fleet. This
assertion must be taken for what it is worth.
VIENNA, MARCH IS.—The Wiener Zcitioig pub-
lishes the nomination of Von Schmcrling, formerly
Minister of Justice, to the post of First President of
the Supreme Court of Justice and of Cassatiun. The
treaty for the navigation of the Danube', concluded
with Russia in 1610, has been prolonged.

the bow of the Iroquois aft of thC Oregon (and ladders
being placed from the upper deck of the Oregon to the
lower deck of the Iroquois, all on board the burning vessel
able to walk got off, the Iroquois being all the time in great
danger of taking fire. Captain Montgomery was the last
man to leave the wreck, which he did just as the Iroquois
was backing away, and the parting of the boats caused the
ladders to fall, precipitating Captain Montgomery into the
river. lle was rescued with several bruises. The Iroquois
had on board twenty-five of the scalded, eleven of whom
died before reaching Memphis.
The fugitive slave law in Boston is becoming more
complicated than ever. Mr. Chas. G. Davis, whose
ease came on after that of Mr. Elizur Wright, was
acquitted for want of evidence. James Scott, a co-
loured man, was next examined, and bound over for
trial in the sum of 2,000 dols. Two similar cases
still remain to be disposed of. Robert Morris, jun.,
a coloured lawyer, and J. H. Coburn, clothes dealer,
were also arrested, on a charge of aiding in the res-
cue of the slave Shadrach. On the other hand, Geo.
Lunt, U. S. district attorney, has been arrested and
held to bail in the sum of 10,000 dots., on a writ
brought by Burton, the coloured man recently
arrested in Salem. Geo. T. Curtis, U. S. Commis-
sioner, and Patrick Riley, lkputy U. S. Marshal,
have also been held for trial in 10,000 dols. each on
charge of arresting the fugitive Shadrach. The
grounds upon which these suits are brought are, that
the fugitive slave law is unconstitutional, and that
the officers prosecuted acted without authority.
Letters from Cape Haytien of February 15th, state
that Commodore Parker, of the Saranac, had made a
formal demand upon the Emperor for redress in the
matter of the imprisonment of Captain Mayo, of the
brig Letuider.
Letters from Honduras, of a late date, mention
rumours of a blockade of Truxillo and Gmcia by the
English.
Private advices from Yucatan, received at New
Orleans, on March .sth, state the British had taken
possession of that country, the Spanish authorities
having given up everything and lett the country. in
charge of the British governor. War with the In-
dians was still being carried on, but the whites
lucked the means of prosecuting it to a successful
issue.
Late advices from Central America report that a
battle had been fought between the states of San
Salvador and Gautamala, is which the former was
victorious.
Adviees from the city of Mexico to the 15th ult.,
contain nothing of import. The country generally
was quiet. Some lawless bands of Americans (pro-
, bubly Indians) were committing great outrages in
Chihuahau.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAT ErrNINO.

To-day the Assembly was occupiill with the dis-
cussion cif Lan orhejacquelites pmposit ion for abrogating
the clause of the law of August, MO, which dis-
misses officers and functionaries who should nut have
taken the oath of allegiance to the king within
three months alter his installation on the 7th
August. After a debate presenting little interest, in
winch MNl.Charras, Laborde, and Laboulie took part,
the proposition was rejected by 393 votes against
190. 'the sitting then broke up.
The committee on the Municipal Bill adopted to-
day art important resolution, by which it is decided
that the municipal elections shall not be determined
according to the law of May 31, but according to
provisions introduced into the bill.
The committee on the National Guard Bill heard
to-day the Minister of the Interior, and having come
to a complete agreement with the government, will
present their report to-day.
It was said last night that Louis Napoleon had
very recently declared to several rvpresentatives that
M..W. Ili SW had not been authorised to pledge the
government to the application of the law of 31st May'
to the presidential election. On the other hand, the
parliamentary party pretend that the constitution
bestows on tile Assembly the right of convoking the
electors and determining who shall rote. Categoric
explanations will be demanded from the government
in the committee ou the propositions for electoral
reform.

The Duke of Sotomayor has presented to the Pre-
sident his letter of recall to Mad-id.
M. F. S. Morn is appointed charge d'affaires of
Mexico in the place of I. Ferdinand 3langino, who
has presented his letter of recall.
The weekly statement of the bank presents a sin-
guhnr metallic reserves amount to
many millions more than the notes in circulation.
The reserve gained 61 millions in Paris during
the week, and nearly 1 million in the branch
banks. The discount accommodation has fallen off
nearly one million in Paris, and remains nearly as
it was in the provinces, the amount of the former
being 4t4,202,901fr., and of the latter 77,174.W:dr,
On the side of the liabilities, the notes in cir-
culation have declined about 90,000 fr. in
Paris, and increased of a m'll'on in the depart-
ments. The account current of the treasury has in-
creased nearly three millions, the present amount
bring 116,776,3-14 fr. Private accounts current in
Paris have fallen off about 200,000 fr., and in the de-
partments nearly the same, the amount of the former
i68,104..)63fr., and of the latter 23,693,053 fr.
The whole amount of the metallic reserve is at
present 3251 millions to 313 millions of notes in
circulation.

Tim slavery question in the United States is pre- I
tisely what the religions question is amongst us. I
Ey ery politician exclaims that it has completely in-'
terrupted all public business in ('ongress fur the last
tuu sessions: and that it is in vain introducing a
measure of improvement. or attempting to legislate,
for in the midst the member for Kentucky. will start
some question about the Fugitive Slave dill, or the I
Compromise, and straight otf set the members of
both Houses in angry and digressive speeches, and
perhaps in personal encounters, so that slavery is,
in Met, the only possible order of the day.
A discussion upon slavery very much resembles
one upon religious differences ; no one ever convinces
his opponent. Each takes a different view of the
moral or religious law which sanctions or precludes
it. Both will quote the Bible, the one fur tyranny and
for obedience to it, the other for the equality of
mankind, and the duty of supporting that equality
rula by hros. Were protestant and catbalte, aboh-