The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-04 00:00:00

OUTGOING MAILS.

The mails f..r Madeira, the Brazils, and Buenos Ayres,
will be made up this evening.
The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made up en the morning of Sept. 7.
The mails for British North America and the United
States will be made op on the evening of Sept. 7.
The mail, via Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt,
Ceylon, India, Hoag-Hong, dte., will be made up on
the easing of Sept. 7.
The West India Mails, excluding Bermuda, Hsvanns,
Nassau, Honduras, New Orleans, and Mexico, and including
those icr Madeira, St. Juan-de.Nieuegua, New Granada,
(AM, sad Peru, will be made tip on the eraf^: of dent. 17.
The =Bator Gibraltar, Malta, Graeae, the lonian Wands,
Egypt Ceylon, India, and Chine, Ida Southampton, will
be made up on the morning of Sept. 20.

RION WATER AT LONDON ARMOR,
Tim Dh3-IAWRIAR, 3h. lm Aftemea, 3h. WEL
Trassaegr—NAWAßS, 3h. 33.3 Afteraeas, LAM.

LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4.

THE political world of the continent is agitated by
rumours of the menacing pretensions of Russia and
of Austria, in consequence of their triumph over the
last hope of liberalism in the nat. According to some,
Austria is to take Bosnia, and Russia to have a port
in the Adriatic. Nothing less than the partition of
Poland is asserted by others to be intended for Switz-
erland, and one hundred thousand Mariana have
been ordered to the Vorarlberg for this purpose.
We believe that there is no doubt of the alt-red
and peremptory language b Alt of SCHWARZENBERG
and the EMPEROR NICHOLAS, although we doubt
that either has as yet gone the length of hinting at
territorial aggrandisement& Their present preten-
sions are, we understand, very much akin to those so
unfortunately put forward by France in the affairs of
' Rome. They insist upon making their views of
domestic administration and management of a people
prevail in all countries bordering upon them. And
since the French would not tolerate a republic with a
slight tinge of red at Rome, Russia will not tolerate a
minister of the least shade of lib,rality at
Constantinople : nor will Austria allow of
the predominance of the present ruling
party in Switzerland. Although Prussia joins
in the crusade of the new Holy Alliance against
Switzerland, and remains indifferent to its dictation
or to its encroacl.ment in Turkey, the constitutional-
ism of Berlin, circumspect as it is, is also menaced ;
and the German liberty of the press is especially de-
nounced, as a nuisance and an offence to imperial nos-
trils, scarcely inferior to Swiss rattle diem.
We shall therefore soon see the diplomatic campaign
opened, and be able to mark its first results at Con-
stantinople, at Berne, in Italy, and in Germany. The
result which we expect at Constantinople is the
immediate fall of Rzscnin•Pacria, and the substitu-
tion for him of a purely Russian minister. In
Berlin the firmness of the King is much to be
doubted. But people ate not like courts, and both
the Swiss and the French will prove much more
reluctant to undergo the yoke of that brutality and
stupidity which would now extend its empire from
the Danube, than courts or statesmen of the old
school. _ _ _

As to the Swiss, they will arm. They cmplace
80,000 or 100,000 men under arms ; and it will
cost as serious efforts as those which reduced
Hungary, to humble them. Indeed, there is but
one way, and that is, to secure French co-operation.
Now, although LOUIS NAPOLEON has every desire to
conciliate Russia and the ultra-monarchists, and
although his envoy, LAMORICIERE. has played the
part of an obsequious courtiew at Warsaw, rather than
of a noble and upright soldier, s ill we doubt the pos-
sibility of the French government sitisfying the pre-
sent exigencies of the east. France might let Con-
stantinople go, saying it was more rapire de t An-
fileterre—more England's business than its own. But
Switzerland it can neither orush nor see crushed.
LOUIS NAPOLEON has been a cit.zen of that country—
has reoeived its protection, knows its spirit and its
men. It is impossible he should play towards it even
the old part of M. GUIZOT.
Neither in the Roman question does it appear how
France can satisfy absolutist exigencies. The Pope
mccks every effort of France at settling the govern-
, meat of Rome, even upon Piss's old principles ;
whilst, in consequence of this conduct of the Pope
and of the priests, the cause of the %anguished
Romans has made such progress in the hearts of the
French suldierr, that nothing is more probable
than a public fraternisation between the French
army and the Roman people. General OurnNor
has left Rome; M. CORCELLES is ill. Events
are left to themselves; and they progress
very much in the direction, that Mazzlm and
GARIBALDI would have chosen. The obstacles, there-
fore, arising to a complete agreement between France
and the absolutist powers on the Roman question are
greater than ever.
Fortunately for peace the Sardinian question has
been laid at rest. But should the Swiss and the
Turkish interventions occur to complicate those of
Rome, circumstances might arise of a very serious
nature, equally serious, whether France yielded or
resisted.
There is one way is which the cause of constitu-
tionalism, moderate liberty, commi rcial freedom, and
national independence might be saved. Arid that is
an alliance or an understanding between England,
France, and Prussia, which would enable the three
countries to hold the tame language, and to say to the
courts of the East, Thus far shall yo go, and no
farther.
We are aware that no steps whatever have teen
made towards such an alliance, that France
and Prussia, though their cause and aim be
the same, are still far as the poles asunder;
Francejdousing Prussia, and regarding her as a ter-
ritorial foe, Prussia responding by similar mistaken
sentiments. The English and French governments
are not more in accordance. In the affairs of Rome
they are altogether separate, and likely to remain so.
In the matter of the occupation of the Danubian Prin-
cipalities they were equally asunder. And, with
respect to Turkey, there is as little accord. We know
that much of the cause of this exists in France itself,
in the ephemeral nature of its government, in the ob-
sequiousness of the President to the absolutist
powers on many points, and in the fears
that for a whim or a marriage he would fling up any
English alliance, however frankly given. Prussia, of
eourte, is biassed by the same views, and prefers
throwing herself upon Russian friendship to trusting
herself to French sympathies. The result of all this
is the total disjunction and consequent weakness of
the constitutional principle, though it is the very
foundation on which three powerful governments
stand. Whatever England, France, and Prussia
could say iu a firm and united manner,
Russia and Austria durst not gainsay. Such
a triple alliance would guarantee, enforce, and
perpetuate peace. There was a time, when the
united word of England and France was enough to
impose upoa Europe, and to force the most violent to
submit to forbearance and to peace. But England
and France have no longer the power they had.
France is neutralised as &military power, tor, re-
quiring her armies for the purposes of domestic police,
absolutist Europe no longer fears them. But the gradual
constitutionalising of Prussia makes up for the weak-
ness, which anarchy in France, and financial mis-
management in England have entailed on the two
countries. _ _ .

An alliance or an utderatanding between the three
great constitutional coantries has become neccesary
for the maintenance of peace, with political and com-
mercial freedom, as well ea national independence.

AnEn every allowance has been made for the
exaggeration and party bias which from the begin-
ning of the Montreal riots has charaeterisel the in-
telligence transmitted from that city,. the news jest
received from Canada must be admitted to be dis-
q nieting.
We are disposed to give Canadian conservative
leaders, like Mr. Moryatrx, or Sir ALLAN M.NAB.
credit for being as much, or even more, annoyed by
the incendiary proceedings of the Montreal
rabble than any of their political opponents,
or men entirely independent of party. No man
who has any stake in the country can tolerate
such outrages, at d no political partisan of
common sense can fail to see that they cast dis-
credit upon the party in whose tame tt ey are per-
petrated. We shall, indeed, be dtsappoit.vd if we
do not reteive by next mail a vigorous dtsclaimer of
the incendiaries and their acts by the respectable con-
servatives of Canada.

The alarming feature of these renewed outrages is
the indication they seem to afford of an incapacity

for self-government, an incapacity of regulated poli-
tical action on the part of a ttlerably numerous sec-
tion of the inhabitants, and, we fear, we most add,
a want of power in the institutions of the province,
or in those who administer them, to repress wanton
and aimless riot and destructiveness.
Tne want of a concentrated and efficient civil
polio, is common to Canada with all partially settled
countries. Even in the more remote rural dis-
tricts of our own country it has been found im-
possible to impart the same completeness to police
organisation as in more densely peopled districts.
Bat in colonies with a sparse population the absence,
or the comparative fewness,uf a turbulracrime papa-
lation has in general compensated for the necessary
viteikreiLl of the policA. In a new country, where the
extremes of wealth and destitution are not brought
into immediate contact, there is less temptation to the
evil disposed, and there are fewer outcasts who have
no source of livelihood but in defying the laws. The
repeated tumults at Montreal would almost tempt
one to suspect that, by some inversion of the ordinary
laws of social progress, the crime class had attained
to a prececioas maturity of strength before the coun-
teracting power by which older communities repress
and constrain it had been sugficiently developed.
There is no conceivable !Zell* or palliation for the
wanton and senseless outrages at Montreal. The ori-
ginal rioters, who destroyed the House of Assembly
and its library, richly merited punishment. If it be
alleged that the party in power have extended their
accusations to political enemies, the laws in Canada
afford sufficient pro'ection to the innocent, and there
are professional gentlemen whose high character and
abilities afford a guarantee that there laws will not
be allowed to become a dead letter. There could be
no danger to any innocent individual from the judi-
cial proceedings instituted by the government. Nay,
any attempt on the part of a Canadian government to
wrest the law to the gratification of its private piques
would be an act of suicidal folly. Even admitting for
argument's sake that the public prosecutions in progress
were in point of fact political persecutions, they could
only have redounded to the disgrace and discomfiture of
the party which instituted them. Tho policy of the
party threatened was to rely upon the law. That
the infuriate partisans who have again spread dis-
may through liionfieal are incapable of seeing this,
and that they are sufficiently numerous to do so much
mischief, is of bad augury for the freedom and peace
of that country.
We have been arguing on the a'sumption that
there may have been something indirect and oppres-
sive in toe prosecutions instituted by government.
We have done so for the purpose of showing that
even such an allegation cannot palliate the crimina-
lity and ft lly of the Montreal rioters. It is, however,
mere justice to two honourable and high-minded
men—in whose views of policy we have not always
entirely concurred—to declare explicitly that we be-
lieve Messrs. LAFONTAINE and BALDWIN incapable of
such conduct.

While we fed confident, however, that future in-
quiry will vindicate the uprightness of their cha-
racters, and the purity and justice of their prcceedings
it is impossible in the present state of our information
to exclude a suspicion that they may have been wanting
in firmness and precaution. The destruction of the
house of legislature fully forewarned them of the
reckless and desperate character of the filen with
whom they had to deal. In proceeding to assert the
majesty of the law by a judicial prosecution, they
ought to have been amply prepared to repel attempts
to intimidate by fresh outrages. The success which
appears to have attended the renewed acts of destruc-
tion and incendiarism warrants grave doubts whether
adequate preparations to suppress them had been
made beforehand.

We know the keenness and violence of party feeling
in Canada. Should the Montreal riots be made a
topic and pretext of party conflicts, we shall enter-
tain the most serious alarm for the future peace and
prosperity of Canals. It is not with a view to a
possible separation of the province from the empire,
or its annexation to the United States, that we use
this expression. As affairs at present stand, we thick
either of these results a thing to be deprecated. But
our real far for Canada is of a much more serious
nature ; it extends to the possible solution of the bonds
of regular government and the triumph of lawless
violence and anarchy. As an appanage of the British
empire, Canada might have an united and happy
peoule; as a member of the federal republic, or as an
independent state, it might have an united and happy
people ; but nearly balanced as parties are there, if
the wayward and perverso mood of the Montreal
rioters prove contagious, there can bo neither peace
nor prosperity for the province.
Itis the good sense of the Canadians alone that can
save them from the danger impending over them.
If the affair is taken up in a patty spirit ; if irritation
is allowed to break out in insult, and insult to lead to
violence, all the loose and reckless characters who
lounge and shift for an existence on a frontier will
mingle in the fray, protract and add to its bitterness.
No government, wheth. r at St. James's or Washing-
ton, could avert the consequences of such madness ;
the Canadian people alone can do it.
Of one thing the Canadians may rest assured,
that the prevailing wish among the inhabitants of the
mother country is to see them in the full enjoyment
of constitutional freedom, advancing in prosperity,
and enjoying internal peace. There is no sympathy
here with any local faction ambitious of undue
ascendancy; no desire to interfere in the internal
arrangements of the colony, or turn the scale in
favour of one local party or another. A disposi-
tion was indeed manifested on the pan of cer-
tain political leaders in this country when the
news of the first disturbances at Montreal arrived,
to make " political capital " of them, but at
the time it was wisely checked. It is to be hoped the
more prudent second thoughts acted on by the parties
alluded to may be persevered in now. If not, the
consequence may be some awkward revelations which
have hitherto been suppressed with a view to avoid
unnecessary irritation.

DEATH OF MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS HUNTER
C.B.—This officer expired on Friday last at Leam-
ington spa, to which catering place he had resorted for the
benefit of hie health, Deceased was sixth eon of Sir James
Hunter Blair, Bart., and brother of Sir David Hunter Blair,
Bast., and entered the army in 1802. He served in the
Peninsula, at Waterloo, ant in the Burmese war.
THE SOCIETY OF ARTS yesterday issued their
prize list for 18.50. It presents along catalogue of medals to
be given to the successful competitors in decorative manu-
factures, chemistry, agriculture, and mechanics.
SIR ROBERT PEEL'S PORTRAIT GALLERY, DRAY-
TON Manors.—lt is about twenty years since Sir Robert
Peel took down the old house at Drayton Manor, occupied
by his father, and built the present mansion, from the de-
signs of Sir Robert Smirk*, on a site closely adjoining the
previous building. It is a quadrangular stone mansion, in
the Elizabethan style, of very considerable extent, but with-
out any ostentatious display of architecture, either internally
or externally. The taste and fondness for the fine arts
which form so marked and agreeable a feature in Sir
Robert's character, exhibit themselves plainly at this re-
sidence. A large corridor or gallery, in the centre of the
building, has its walls entirely covered with fine works of
art, as well es almost every available space on the staircase
and elsewhere : and to his high credit be it said, that almost
every picture at Drayton Manor is by some artist of the prc-
sent day. Sir Robert's collection of pictures having far out-
gmwn the means at his disposal for suitably hanging them,
• gallery was erected in 1848, from the designs and under
the able direction of Mr. Sydney Smirke, A R.A. It forms
a wing appended to the north-west angle of the mansion,
and extends westward about 100 fret. It is built of a fine
grained magnesisn limestone, and is designed in the style of
the English renaissance, so es to harmonise with the rest of
the building. The exterior is embellished with colossal
statues of Rubens, Vandyke, Sir Joehua Reynold', and Sir
Thomas Lawrence. The gallery within is 90 feet long by
22 feet wide, and 21 feet high, being subdivided into three
compartments by columns and pilasters of Italian and Ger-
man marbles. The paring( fisoring, and ell the wood
fittings, are of wainscot and walnut tree. The walls are
painted of a strong neutral green colour. The ceiling is
coved, and elaborately ornamented with corbels and pen-
dants. The pictures are lighted by skylights in the flat
central part of tstet ceiling. The pictures on the walls of
this unique gallery almost entirely consist of portraits of Sir
Robert's contemporaries, eminent either as statesmen or as
men of science or literature, and comprise some of the chefs-
d'osurre of Reynolds and Lawranse.—Buildings and Maltt4-
Meta..

RAILWAY LUBILTTLF.S.—At the last Windsor
County Cou•t a butcher at Maidenhead, named Durrant,
brought an ac:ion against the Great Western Railway Dom-
puny to recover 305., the value of a pig which had been run
over by a train and killed, it being alleged that the defen-
dents had neglected to keep a fence (through which the pig
had strayed upon the railway) in proper repair. Mr. J. J.
Williams, who appeared for the directors, called the atten-
tion of the judge to a clause in their act of parliament by
which it was enacted that all actions must be commenced
against the company within pis months alter the cause of
action had arisen. This period of time having been suf-
fered to elapse before the proceedings were taken, the plain-
tiff was noasnited. This clause m the act of the Great
Western Railway Company is not generally known.

HOLSTEIN AND NORTHERN
POWERS.

Our Humbug correspondent writes,on the 31st ult..
The King of Denmark has issued a proclamation to.
the inhabitants of Schleswig, in which he mak.' a
distinction between his "loyal subjects" and the
"rebels." He expreeses a hope that the armistice
will soon he followed by a permanent peace.
The Danish agent lersen is accused of being the
main cause of the disturbances at Flensburg.
The commission seem to h .ve given up the idea of
exercising any authority. They are issuing decrees
in the name of the King.
From Copenhagen we learn that the last of the
Swedish troops had arrived at Go'herberg, and lett
immedia.ely for Schleswig. They arc commanded
by Major-General Malmberg.
Frederica Bremer had arrived at Helsinborg, to
embark for the United States.

HAMI3I.7RO, Avocet 31.
The Assembly have completed the organic laws,
and transmitted them to the senate, according to their
promise, before the let of September. A committee
of 14 hu been nominated to act with the president,
and call a meeting of the Assembly, if necessary.
The president is also instructed to call a meeting on
receipt of a requisition signed by 50 members. The
new constitution is ready—on paper.

General Prittwitz and the greater part of the Plus.
eian troops have left.

THE GOTHE FESTIVAL.
BERLIN, AUGUST 30.
The Gothe festival, although hardly celebrated is
this capital with the pomp and splendour becoming
either so rare an occasion of homage, the rank of
Berlin among the cities of Germany, or of Goths
among the poets of tl e world, was still not wholly
devoid of interest. And as this first centenary anti.
verssry of the poet's birthday will possess over 01l
others to come at least the advantage of having wit.
nessed the gathering together of many of his persond
friends, it is fit that a word should be forthcoming is
this place to describe what Berlin did on August 28,
1819, to honour the event which took place at Frank.
fort-on-Maine on August 28, 1749.

Gothe does not seem during any period of hie life
to have had much fancy for the Prussian capital. Not
all the incense burned to him here, nor the flattering
beekonings of the court, nor the presence of many
cherished friends could tempt him to the sand banks
of the Spree. Once only he came, in the May of
1778, to which visit he makes brief allusion in a letter
to Merk, and in another to Madame Von Stein.
Froth the es yet unpublished correspondence of
Geithe with Count Briihl it appears that urgent in.
vitations were addressed to the poet to present him-
self at the inauguration of the new theatre in 1521,
but were declined on the plea nf bad health. The first
representation of G.*ez von Berlicbingen upon the
Berlin stage excited immense enthusiasm, and shook
out a cornucopia of tributary strains from Knebel,
Schiller, the Sehlegels, Fleck, Residua, Flatia
Eckerman, Grain, Geibel, and others.
The festivities upon the present occasion opened
with the performance of the same vigorous dramatic
sketch of feudal Germany. Then came Faust, the
ihoughtful drama, the picture of a soul aching with
the world's painful riddle, Giithe's Hamlet. Lastly
that bright consummate flower of the ideal, that
classic type of womanhood, the Iphigenia, a Greek
form, but living, breathing and brought home to the
sympathies of a modern audience. These were the
dramatic re lormance3 of three successive days, well
selected to show the varied power of the master, and
the main phases of his artistic growth.
In all the schools and colleges there was a sort
of opeechday, with appropriate decorations, recitations,
and distributions of garlands, and smartly-bound
books for prizes. But the great feature in the day's
performances was a sumptuous banquet at the tavern
of Miclentz, to which were invited all those most
nearly interested in the personal part of the j übilee,
such as the friends of the poet while he lived, and the
leading artists and literary men, who a Inowledged
him for their master. A conoid. rabic number of Mier,
also, graced with their presence this memorable feast,
which, although substantially a dinner, came off, as is
usual in Germany, at an early hour in the day. Fore-
most among the gut ate, and the centre of reverential
attention, appeared the Nestor of science, who
in his youth scaled the snowy cone of Chimborazo,
and, in his advanced years, opened to the world the
hoards of his experience in " kosmos," that hand-
book of creation, Alexander Humboldt. This venera-
ble philosopher, not unadorned with orders, vu
ushered to a conspicuous seat. Among the tastelol
decorations of the hall, arranged by Cornelius, central
shone from out a bower of laurel the colossal bust of
Geithe, attended by two minor effigies d Schiller and
Zeltcr, as satellites. By way of beaufet, icstead of
Miclentz's plate, aside table was laid out with a rich
assortment of articles, having a direct rela-
tion to the immortal subject of the feast.
There lay his likeness in miniature at several
different epochs of life young and florid,
in the thoughtful perfection of manhood, or aged and
grave. Here was the sentimental author of
" Werther ;" there, the dignified minister of Weimer.
Many lyrical and dramatic pieces in his handwriting
were inspected with religious vent-ration or handled
with pions curiosity: and the M.S. of " Faust" lay
awful in the midst, like a magic scroll. Asa rarity,
was pointed out the Frankfort calendar in which
Guthe is registered as an advocate ; there also ley
beside those MSS. that formed the title-deeds of hoe
glory the diploma of his nobility, such as a prince
could bestow.

The progress of the entertainment was marked
from pause to pause by alternate song and speech.
Now came a melody set to the poet's words,
and now a tout with due oratorical accompaniment
This chapter of the feast opened with a cheer for the
King, introduced by an appropriate song from Pro-
fessor Messmann. The speechifying was lid by
Professor Roeenerantz, who sketched, in free touches,
the comprehensive sphere of activity, the fruitful
power, and glorious career of the great poet. Liter
the Geheimrath Lichtenstein drew some features of
the Weimar court, and the compeers of the liicrary
coterie there assembled under the auspices of Guthe.
The president entered into a statement of the progress
of the GUthe Institution towards establishment,
to the growth of which many German
princes had contibuted. Alexander von Hum-
boldt communicated to the company his intro-
duction, composed for the Album in Weimar, which
was listened to in deep silence. The Consistorisli
Rath Piachon proposed a cheer for the veteran poet
Ludwig Tieck. Geheirnrath von Offers drew atten-
tion to the fine arts, and the immense influence which
Goths had exercised upon this province of invention.
The names of the great artists present—Schedow,
Cornelius, Rauch, were passed in review, and a word
of pious regret dedicated to the memory of the de-
parted Schinkel. Neither was Zelter, the friend of
Gelthe during so many years, forgotten ; nor Piss
Alexand- r Wolff, his bel ived disciple. Both were
devoted to art, and connected by ties of the warmest
intimacy with their great master ; but were
duly remembered in an eulogy pronounced by
Professor Rutscher. The banquet closed with a toast
to Gothe's women, and the ladies, which gave oc-
casion for dwelling on the fair gallery of female crea-
tions with which the poet had peopled the world of art.
So passed off this secular dinner. Politics were
eschewed by general consent, either as a subjec, of
conversation or oratory. Most of the guests ad-
journed to the Opera-house, which opens here at an
early hour. The overture of Gluck to " Iphigenia in
Antis" tempered the mood of the crowded audience
to the solemn calm necessary for appreciating that
chaste dramatic composition. The King, Queen, and
royal family were present. Clothe himself has
passed the best criticism on his "Iphigenia." "
succeeded," says he, " in this work, because
I was young enough to penetrate and ani-
mate with my sensuousness the ideality of
the subject matter." Madame Crelinger, in the chief
part, gave general contentment, and at the end of the
piece all the actors were called for to receive the
applause of the pleased audience. Next came
Tieck's apotheosis of Guth°, introduced by Beet-
hoven's overture to Egmont. The curtain rose, and
four personages, two of either sex, clad in antique cos-
tumes, extolled in alternate strophes the glory 04
world-swaying influence of the poet. Then the
clouds divided. High up was seen Giithe's hurt,
crowned by a female figure representing aura, with
Egmont standing at her side. Side groups were
formed on the right and left of Tasso and the
princess, and ads and Elisabeth. More in the fon'

inend was Faust, alone, surrounded bT the symbols
ei exhausted knowledge, and racked with the dark
problem of human existence. The clamically-draped
skins of four acted se Cicerones to this intfreking
gallery. Lastly, the Corypbseise stepping forth pro-
seacced the epilogue, and, amid enthusiastic bursts
et applause, the drop curtain asemided.