The Express.
London, England, 1851-08-16 00:00:00

the ersreoo.

TO CORitESPON DENTS,
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RIGA WATER AT LONIYJN BRIDGE
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To-tozauw—llonshil. Its• Altman, Sa. 27m.

LONDON, SATURDAY; AUGUST 16.

Mx fibis's speech at the North Western Rail-
way Company's meeting yesterday, was in every
respect a remarkalale manifesto. In the midst of
struggle and conte•A of war with the Great Welter)), I
to preserve all th e traffic of the Mersey ; and of des-,
perate hostility -with the Great Nordin-it, to keep,
through her whey, the Midlands, a large share of the
traffic to and north of Leeds and York ; whilst ex-
panding his awn connexion into distant Wales, and
assuming f usher liabilities in the heart of England;
even, in Ole heat and turmoil of all this rivalry. of '
this Bp tan of defence and attack, of thrust'
and p' erry, Mr. GLYN, like FALKLAND, has
peace," ever on his lips: Ile mourn-
fully deplores the engagements in which he'
bean no great a ohare; sighs for a restoration of
train quillity ; takes small comfort in the increasing'
receipts of the Exhibition Reason ; apologises for the
mode in which the dividend of the first half of the
year is maintained; and finds comfort chiefly
in, and utters the language of exultation only over,
a proposition for carrying on a better trade tn mer-
ehtualbse in the City of London.
What can be more instructive than Mr. Gbvs's
desponding tone?. -what more snggestiva than his
sincere and hearty dislike of those contentions in
which he is so frequently victorious?—what more
rational than his desire for the return of a
period of railway tranquillity ; when the lamb
shall lie down in pence with the lion, and boards of
directors become convinced that the natural develop-
ment of traffic is a far better policy titan invasions
of each other's territories, or diplomatic contests for
routes which parliament meant to he independent
and useful alike to all their neighbours? But how
distant dues this millennium of railway concord sold
happiness appear! Directorates are at present in a
state of mind similar to that in which na-
tions were a century and a half ago; under
the sad delusion, that their own prosperity and
success in this world must he very much founded
on and chitily pruned from advantages filched from
this neighbour and terms forced from that; from'
acquisitions here, leases there, guarantees every
where, alliances offensive and defensive right and
kn. The mistake will. however, turn out to he as
great fur railways Ws it has proved to be for nations;
indeed, experience is already showing that the sir's-
pler a railway policy is, the less embarrassed with
contracts and engagements, the more in accordance
with those great principles of independence in
which the legislature granted acts of ineorpration
the larger will be dividends, the serum- will be
capital, the more permanent will be property. Such
is the moral of the Brighton line. As Gamuts re-
marks of conquests, so it may with equal truth he said
of railway policy : one railway alliance begets
another ; Vaal succeeding engagement is mitre em-
burrassing than the preceding, until. at last, the
two great lines of the kingdom. the North-Western
and the Great Western, are bound down by a net-
work of policy, arrangements, contracts, and engage-
ments. such us all rational countries have long since
abandoned in their re:ations with each other. And
until railway tympanic* fallow this example, vain
and illusory is their hope of permanent
VW, we take it, was the loston Mr. GLYN desired
yesterday to teach the North Western proprietary,
and, through them, the country generally. lbw
mull it is twilled we may bust estimate by the fact
that secretly had it been uttered than the masitiou
of his company and its relation to the Great
Western compelled Mr. GLYN immediately to
discuss the question what the North Western
system is -what it included—what it was
meant by parliament to exclude ? Was it,
or was it not, entitled to a monopoly of
the Mersey traffic? By means of the amalgama-
tion of the London and Birmingham and the Grand
Junction. the North Western has hitherto very much
enjoyed such a monopoly. But since it became first
pelt ssssl of that field, a great undertaking has been
organised and patty executed opposite Liverpool, at
Birkenhead. From that new port a line has been
laid down to Chester, another from Chester to
Shrewsbury and a third on to Wolverhampton and
Birminglenu. 'faking Ilinningham, then, as a centre,
there will shortly be three routes thence to
London : OM by the Oxford and Birmingham line,
which parliament granted to the Great Western ;
another by the Oxford, Worcester, and Wolver-
hampton, for passowion of which there is a struggle
between the North and Great Western; the third by
the long-established North Western line. Now what
did lurtiumcnt intend in sanctioning these three
lines from Ili • glum, and, by granting other lines
on from that town to the southern kink of the Mer-
s4sy ()11 this question Mr. GLYN and Mr. Russet'.
. differ as widely us thepolesareusunder. "Not eompe-
. tition against the old Grand Junction route," argues
Mr. GLYN " competition. most assuredly," replies
Mr. Resse.o..
The truth lies, perhaps, mid-way between these
two extreme points of view. It is impossible
to doubt that in granting these lines. to Birmingham,'
• there to meet andnm into the Chester lines, and soon
• to Birkenhead, parliament did sanction the princi-
ple of scow competition with the North Western to
Liverpeul. But that the legislature ever meant the
()nut Westeni to divert its strength from the dis-
tricts it watt first incorporated to serve, and carryon
by means of these lines a fierce war on to the very
banks of the Mersey, is contrary to the notoriety of
the facts of the case. And Mr. Russet:A appears
fully cautious of the weakness of his argument here;
for. anticipating at Bristol on Thursday a refusal from
the legislature next session to his application for •
pilliamentiory sanction of this policy of
he consoled his proprietary by this pract:37r.
that, that failing therein they would have the work-
ing agreements with these lines to carry them as
to Liverpool as far as Chester.
Tlw difference between Mr. GLYN and Mr. lira-
SELL. if left to thennelveo, appears to be quite irre-
coneilt able ; all negotiation has hit herto hailed, and all
must apparently fail until each abates something
of his extreme pretensions. Why not, in
this position, follow the example set in the
different-ea between the North Western and the Mid-

land on the one hand. and the Great Northern on the
, other ? Why nut refer this question of the Mersey
traffic to some impartial public man like Mr. G LAD..
*TON ? It is too important, it may be said, to be
' left to the decision of any man, however impartial
and influential. Well, then, in that case parliament
must interfere : and its interference will be, nut to
deprive the country of ettilictitioti, but in all proba-
bility to insure it, by keeping the lines fought fur
independent of both North Winton mid Great West-
ern. Fur that, after all, is the true policy for the
country.

Pon some unexplained reason ministers have de-
termined to adopt no measures for carrying into
effect the report of the Comrnoni committee on steam
communication with Australia. The Australian
colonies arc willing to contribute towards the cover-
ing of any him that may temporarily be incurred in
the undertaking ; the Legislative Council of New
South Wales has actually voted a sum of money
(large in comparison with the means of the province)
fur the purpose the importance of the regular and
speed, carnage of mails to and from these colonies is
adinitled on all bands; but government will do
nothing.
Now. what war the state of these colonies at the
end of April—the latest period at which we have
lews from them ?
We have repeatedly had occasion to notice the
'I
-Transportation League. intended to embrace all
ustralian colonies, formed at Melbourne, and
*dines@ with which large sums were subscribed
inhabitants of Victoria to defray its expenses.
the Tasmanians to get rid of convict
have been a frequent theme of dia.
.d columns. Well ;in the coarse ot April
Ikon Victoria and Vaa Dirsaties Land

arrived in Sydney to invite the inhabitants of New
South Wales to join the League. The delegates
were received with enthusiasm; they were enter-
tained at a banquet ; and a public meeting, held a
few days later, resolved, without one dissentient
voice, to dissolve the Anti-Convict Association at
Sydney, and join the League. Liberal subscriptions
to the funds of the League were announced at the

meeting.
The most ably conducted, best advertised, and most
widely circulated journal in Australia is the
Sydney Morning Herald. Among many excellent
qualities, this paper has one of a rilt.lya
equivocal character. It is notorious for the aurious
care and skill with which it adapts itself to the
views and wishes of the majority for the moment.
Like another great leading journal nearer home, the
Sydney Morning Herald is never found on the losing
side. This journal has long been exreemely cautious
in its lucubrations on the subject of convict trans-
portation; careful to avoid committing itself irre-
trievably on either side of the question. But it has
now taken the plunge, and with a full-mouthed
vehemence, contrasting strangely with its wonted
I caution and reserve, it drives headlong at the total
abolition of convict transportation to Australia, and
I lashes right and left all who are suspected of being
I adverse to, or lukewarm in their support of this
• policy.
1 The concurring testimony of Australian jour-
nalists, speech makers and letter-writers, warrants
the belief, that the comparatively few who still i
hanker atter convict transportation are at this time ,
I cowed and borne down by the vehemence and unani- ,
mity of public feeling against the system. They '
i may mutter discontent below their breath.s, and con-
1 trice plots for its resuscitation on some distant
day ; but in the meantime they give no open sign of
discontent. Eager, inveterate, uncompromising, the
• public feeling throughout Australia (with the excep-
tion perhaps of the poverty-stricken and isolated
Western Australia; is now as irresistibly bent upon
' the abolition of convict transportation, as the public
• feeling in North America was in 1771 i upon the
! assertion of independence, and the public feding in
Great Britain in 14•32 upon the carrying of the
Reform Bill.
Society in Australia is not merely pervaded by
' a vague sentiment on this subject. there califs
a formidable and growing organisation, well supplied
with funds, whose sole object is the abolition of con-
vict transportation. But so initent are it, members
• on the accomplishment of their cud that they are
ready to adopt any means that promise to promote
it. Already indemotlence of imperial control
is freely canvassed as one of these means. And
it is not the abolition of convict transportation to one
or other province of Australia that is aimed at. The
Australians know right well that convicts, if admitted
into any one province, naturally and neeessarilv
overflow into its neighbours; and they loudly and
peremptorily declare that convict transportation to
the whole of Australia must be put an end to.
Concurrently with convict transportation, another
topic of not less vital importance agitates the Aus-
tralian mind. In all the provinces, except New'
South Wales, the elections under the Australian
Colonies Government Act were in active progress at
the dates of the latest despatches. The colonists
were bent upon making the most of that measure.
In New South Wales the Legislative Council had
been summoned to pass the bills required to give full
effect to the Act. Ihe Council in its reply, to
the speeds with which the governor opened the
session declined to express any opinion of the Act,
but notice had been given by Mr. WENTWORTH of
a motion to address a remonstrance against it to the
Crown. A strong opposition was organising both in
the council and out of doors against the gover-
nor's electoral bills. The province of New South
M'ules gives the tone in a great measure to most of
the neighbouring settlements; and there can be
little doubt that the first use made of the new
Australian constitutions will be to commence a
struggle with the home government for greater
concessions.

Independently of these two questions, there arc
many lurking griefs and grudges against the Colo-
nial-officc in Australia. Some time ago, a new sys-
tem of disposing of waste lands was introduced; it
has been called the Wakefield system, but is, in fact,
a compromise between it and the old system, cm-':
bracing such heterogeneous and contradictory pm-
I vises us render it ittqwwsible it should work well.
Again, the coloni•ts are dissatisfied with the exorbi-
tant civil list, over which their representatives aro
allowed no control. These arc mentioned merely as
specimens of Australian grievances; it would be easy
to enumerate a multitude of others. And all the
soreness created in the Australian mind by these
various causes is aggravated and embittered by the
habitual, supercilious, indolent disregard with which
all representatives from the colonies are treated at
the Colonial-office.

Discontent in .kustralia—legitimate, well-grounded
discontent—is ripening to a crisis. At such a moment,
regular and speedy communication with these colo-
nies is of the most vital consequence. And yet this
is precisely. the moment that government has selected
to daily and trine with the eager desire the colonists
entert sin for the establishment of ocean steam mails.
It is as if government sought to add one more to the
long black list of colonial grievances, and at the
same time to adopt such measures as will ensure its
being kept in utter ignorance of the temper of the
colonies.

FRANCE.

PARIS, EVENING.

The self-constituted committee of permanence of
the democratic Left is finally composed as follows:
M. Cremieux. president; MM. Victor Ilugo and
Jody, vice-presidents: MM. Cassal Itaspail and Niiot,
see.retaries ; and MM. Ain. (Nord), Bandsept,
Itreymand, Bruckner, Bu , Carnot, Chovelon,
Deralev, Ennery, Forel. 'erard (Ban-Rhin), Emile
de Oirartlin, (kilter, Labrousse, Lagrange, Lamcn-
nais, Loiset, Michot-Boutct, Auguste Mic, Perrinon,
Edgar Quinet, 'Guidon, Savoys, Valentin, members.
The committee will meet every Friday, and oftener
in csoe of emergency.
On the occasion of his gm-eh on the revision, M.
Berryer received a congratulatory address from Tou-
louse. The rnion to-day publishes his answer, which
the pressure of parliamentary occupation has pre-
vented him from writing sooner. ihere is nothing
in the studiously oracular phrases of the royalist
leader to throw any new light urn the policy of his
, party. 1k expresses a determination to struggle a
second time for the total and legal revision of the
constitution, in favour of which +Pi members of the
Assembly have recorded their votes. The following
passage is probably intended as an answer to the
limputation that M. Bcrrycr has made an alliance
offensive and defensive with the Elysee:
If the revision should not be definitively adopted. it will
at least serve as a rallying point to unite the efforts of all
the men of order on the day of the election of a new Legis-
lative Assembly. If the constitutional lave, which we did
not make, is nut legally revised, we shall know how to re-
, spell it, and to cause al its requirements to he respected.
This respect for legality. be well assured, is now our prin-
cipal strength, and perhaps our surest guarantee against
,; the machinations of the enemies of social order, the attempts
' of ambition, the calculations of intrigue, and even against
!the dangers that may arise from the impatient convictions
of honourable minds.

Here is an obvious and not very complimentary
allusion to three great parties in the state, other than
and besides those who have " honourable minds."
It is clear that the enemies of social order are the
mat mass of the republicans, the ambitious are the
' lionapurtists. and the intriguers arc the Orleanists.
All these are positively and without reserve to be,
kept tied and bound by the chain of the constitution,
which may also in certain circumstances, be found a
wholesome check cren against those honourable l
timists who have "impatient convictions." The only
other remarkable part of the letter is in these v, orris:

In the midst of the moieties of the country the con-
scientious defenders of the monarchical principle should be-
ware of adding to the agitation and peril of the time ; they
most not be accused of sacrificing the security of the within
to the triumph of their own opinions. We. in our political life,
will not substitute nishness for courage„provocation fur resist-
' ante. The immense majority of our friends in the Amembly
hays resolved not to &dram* before the time and to take no

premature determination with regard to the solemn ads
which the nation will be called upon to perform nine months
hence. Decided only to resist the i-itation of the laws, we
will than examine the real wants of the country, the state
of parties, the attitude sad intention of influential seen.
Nothing more ambiguous than this ever issued
from DelAee. But a little before he assumes the
poralility of the final rejection at the reviaion--e

Y.
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Anti-Transixn
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