The Express.
London, England, 1849-01-23 00:00:00

TiIR EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 23. 1849.

al the ministers laming the &Use that. like all the
other laws peel by the National Amenably in Frank-
fort, throne midis( to hills of mchaap would have
(Ikea Ilaza!
someprmaisasY, didkret that law m-
-1 that
=s providoes mania submitted withcatk=
the chambers. With rasped to the fundamental
rights of the German nation, es voted by the Frank-
fort Assembly, the Barda governinimt did not feel
Lured in publishieg them until they had
sabatitted to the Usarehen with a
=lll deetiPeciaraalleal rel them. This
eantlfdieeto
which is disallowed by the Frankfort Assembly, vis.,
the right of the separate government to wine to a
concordance with the above assemblizentpeoting the
future meditatioa for Germany. the in-
ternal r. forms announced by the King in
were the separation of the administration of rsteit
from the state, the simplifying of the law and the
rending it cheaper, and the removal of several bar-
%lens on land. An improved system of national edu-
cation is also promised.
In several parts of Bavaria and Wartemberg, reso-
lutions have been passed at public meetings in favour
of the election of the Emperor of Austria as Emperor
of Germany.

BOMB, hair. 12.
The utmost indifference is the feeling here as to the
menace of excommunication head on the Ist Jan.
from Meta. Thaw who advised that step had no
accurate knowledge of the amount of importance likely
to attach to that document in the venous circles of
Roman society. This is the last and crowning blunder
eta series of felse steps, beginning with the flight of
the Pope, which I repeat over and over again was the
meet fatal mistake ever committed.
The ministry or provisional government continue
to exercise vigorous authority. For the last night or
two they have ordered doable patrols of the civic
guard, as a number of degenerate Romans had pur-
posed to burn the Pope in effigy before the portico of
the Pantheon, or somewhere else. Bands of civic
bayonets in twenties and thirties paraded the town all
night of the 9th to prevent any such unseemly exhi.
bitten. Two decrees have been issued by their au-
thority this week—one abolishing moetmein outright;
and another the tax levied on oorn pound anywhere
but in the seignorial or manorial mill, an equal rem-
nant of obsolete feudalism.
The Roman papers of this morning are vehement
in censure of the manifesto from Gaeta ; they deny
al' the right of the former sovereign of these
teentories to rely on a decree of the council of Trent,
which, they say, has only reference to the assailants
of church property or ecclesiastical prebtnds and
livings—a category which it would be monstrous to
rank the whole people of Rome and the legations
among. These journals enter into a variety of semi-
political and semi•canonical topics, with which it
would be tedious to trouble you, but the upshot of the
matter is, that the three millions of people forming
these states are not a parish, or an ecclesiastical bene-
fit', bet a nation determined on self-government.
The elhot of the last act of the Pontiff will be to
nullify the efforts which his adherents hoped to make
is the working of general suffrage.
Lest night a strong patrol of civic guards came
apse a mob near the foram, where it was engaged
is pulling down the pontific insignia from a public
ofilee. The detachment did not hesitate a moment in
the execution of a formal order from government, and
fired a volley among the disturbers, scattering them,
wounded and routed, in every direction. If the Papal
power is to be confined within spiritual attributions,
there is every determination that such a result shall
not be the act of rioters, but of & deliberate resolve el
the community. The Minister of War has ordered a
body of cavalry, 800 strong, to be ever accoutred seall
Is readiness to pounce at once on either foreign or
domestic breakers of the public peace.
The Pope has ordered from his stables at Rome two
whits Arabs, lately presented to him by the Sidten,l
slag they are now the property of the King of Naples.
Formerly that monarch was obliged to moot al
whits steed annually to the Pope, as a feudal homage
he the tenure of his realm. The grandfather of the
present king refused to continue that avowal of m-
ontage, and used to be annually excommunicated by
the reigning Pope until the matter dropped out of
7.
111111111101
Talking of excommunication, there is a rumour that
the monitory anathema of the Ist of January is to be
followed up by a formal " interdict " against Rome,
and of course against all the other towns which have
given in adhesion to the political arrangements
thereof. Already the windows of the parish Incum-
bents of St. John of Lateran and of St. Mary Major
have been broken, because these eergymen bad
exhibited a copy of the monitory aforesaid; but an
" interdict " is a more serious affair. The people are
now peaceably disposed, and the churches attended,
and divine service proceeds in profound tranquillity;
but if the powers of darkness had leagued together
for the suggestion of a measure likely to produce
bloodshed, murder, and confusion through town
and country, nothing more infallible could be
devised than an " interdict." If the parties
who have got Pins IX. under their manage-
ment (it is necessary to cross seven drawbridges
to get at him, and public prayers for him as a
prisoner, and for averting. the consequent perils of
ehristendom are put up in Rome) can terrify him
into launching forth this bolt of bitterness, the upshot
will be that the refusal of christian rites (baptism,
marriage, anheepulture) will be visited on the un-
fortunate clergymen by violence, outrage, and perhaps
essessination ; mobs will beset churches and sanctua-
ries; blood will flow on the altar, and the horrors of
September, '93, be re-enacted. Can any end justify
the use of such means ?
It is most true that an immense number of the
clergy would, on principle, refuse to take cognisance
of this interdict, but this would only aggravate the
regular vengeance against the few who would feel
dhposed to consider it as something real, and as such
worthy of their incurring in its sustentation what
they would fancy the glory of martyrdom.
It is the moat melancholy thing in the world to
consider the position to which the present advisers of
the best pope we have had for centuries have con-
trived to Wing him. Personally, he reigns in the
hearts of the Roman people : of this I have the evi-
dence : everywhere I move the man is beloved, the
Pontiff revered—the Prince alone is questioned. It is
enough to draw tears from any eye to read the effu-
sions which he has put forth from his citadel of
Gaeta : it is the priest alone who speaks ; the prince
is silent altogether throughout all those documents.
Never was the hierophant of Apollo more eloquent on
his griefs in the opening of the Iliad !
Timor AMOS ton &own note. *Wow s.

MADRID, Jaw. 15.
°Mgr= reeented its sittings th-day. All the ministers
were premmt wish the exception of Ronde Togores, who is said
to be at this moment dying of cerebral congestion. Of course
there are hundreds on the alert for his place ; but on whom
the portfolio of Maria*, in cue of his decease. will fall is as
yet warmly predicable. The Ministers of War, Finance,
interior, and Public Works, in grand uniform, saocenively
amended the tribune to read projects of law, chiefly bills of
indemnity for the legal confirmation of decrees pureed during
the recese—suth as tee various pensions granted, the antici-
pation of the 26,000 soldiers corresponding to the quinta of
1849, to. Sanchez Silva addressed qualms to the
Minister of Public' Works on the diversion of the 12 millions
of reale granted for roads from its assigned destinatioe, to
which Bravo Murillo replied. Ganes Carnes* questioned
the Minister of the Wirier, upon the shootine of
some pulsate at Villareal, in the district of Castellon
de la Plana, without any form of trial. To this Sart°.
rine replied, that the government had this morning
despatched a general to that district, with inatrustions to
investigate the matter and bring to trial the n of
the outrage. A debate wu expected on the sin of Cats-
kola, bat the sitting broke up at 4 o'clock, without farther
Da Teen
appears in to-day's Gaze. a decree of amnesty to
all those who have been transported to the Philippine Islands.
Ships will immediately be sent to bring home u many as
choose to return.

SWEDEN.—The large sugar manufactory of
Messrs. Magnus and Co.fall a prey to the flame on the night
of the 7th. It wu insured for 100,000 marks Swedish Banco.
It is said that the Emil& losuranoe Campania alone will be
the toasts. None of the German.

Iwo put. out owned by Mr. hats Wbltniy, of Bt. Joao
(N B.) ohy. boo boos yoraboood by dos Um. Mr. Cunard,
of WA; for 10.0001.

UNITED STATES.

A summary of the aura by the Europa, Capt.
Lott, received by eleetzie !elegrapb, wu pubished in
our iveterday's *mum The Europe'. dater
arefrom New York to tho 10th, and Halite: to

the 13th inst.
A resolution has been adopted by the House of
Representatives, instructing the proper committee to
report a bill abolishing the slave trade in the district
of Columbia. It contained a preamble denouncing,
in very strong terms, the general principle involved
in slavery, and had of course created 000siderable
excitement. The report of Mr. Calhoun, referred to
by our correspondent, related to this question.
The cholsia had entirely disappeared from New
York, but it still raged in New Orleans, with
great intensity. The number of deaths there has
been from 80 to 80 per day. Aooording to advice'
p telegraph to the Bth, there was then prospect of
its abatement.
The letter of our New York correspondent is so
ample in its details that it is unnecessary to advert
further to the newspaper news :
NEW YORK, JAx. 10.
_

From Washington we have nothing of greed interest to
English readers. The project of making California a state
will be antacid:slut at present, and the committee who have
the subject in charge will report against it. Thus one mode
of settling the slavery question is defeated. The southern
members of Congress still hold frequent meetings
among
themselves to decide upon their course of action e this
subjee tl
, one to them of apparen vital importance. It is
understood that Mr. Calhoun will make a report of their
views for the consideration of the American people. It will
be ea fiery as to prevent its general acceptance, even at the
loath.
.Another measure before Congress for its consideration, is
the establishment of a board of claims, for the settlement of
rivste demands against the government. This is a most
desirable policy, foes claim against the United States by an
individ=l, who is without remedy except by the passage of
a bill for his relief, is absolutely inn= nothing. Thousands
of men have been ruined by not haying justice done them
by the government. This inaptitude to relieve private arks-
vane= at the seat of gov. =mint Brien from the fear of ini-
poeition, and a desire to guard the public treasury. Nothing
will destroy a public men here more readily than the fact
that he votes for useless appropriations. He is at once sus-
pected of having some pecuniary advantage at heart. There
has been some excitement in the Rouse of Representatives,
in consequence of a disclosure recently made by a mern-
ba, Mr. Greeley, in the columns of his own paper,
the Tribune. Re obtained access to the treasury
reeve* and there ascertained how much the members
were in the habit of receiving_ for each mile of their journey
to and from Washington. This is allowed them by law, in
edditi= to their per diem allowance. The result, though
anticipated by all who know anything about Congrees, was
rather astounding to the people at large. It was ascertained
that the members generally made out their bills fur the
longest possible routes of travel, although they themselves
took the shortest routes. Thus, a member from the West,
who expended weber 200 dollen in Journeying to Wash-
ington, mieht drew 2,000 dollars for his expenses. Of course,
ibis sort or peculation, sanctioned by long usage, ai.d grow-
log out of the real difficulty of reaching Washington before
railways and steamers were common, had ceased to alarm
the virtue dikes greatest =moods= of the public money.
When the bets came out, however, there was much
/parr/dreg in the house. Taking men and their motives as
we find them, perhaps it would be well enough on we =-
want to permit a liberal allowance for mileage. Certainly it
is an object to have the more distant parts of the Union re-
presented at Washington as well as the most central.
If the greater the distance the greater the pay, the less re-
pugnance will there be to take a seat in Congress, and there
may be that natural competition for it which will make our
leading men of talents from the outer districts true to the
central organisatkm, even for their own sakes. As lam one
of three who, while they are enable to satiety themselves as
to the origin of evil, yet believe that good generally comes
with it and out of it, I should be in favour of making the re
maceration of members of Congress ample, both by daily al-
lowance and mileages, though it might take a few thousand
dollars extra out of a treasury which Wm fair to have a se-
cond plethora.
Gen. Case's son Lewis, quite unfitted for the place, has
been confirmed as minister to Rome, and much to the dis-
satisfaction of the public and the democratic party. It is
one of those disgraceful acts on the part of Mr. Polk which
have I meted him in pub is estimation, notwithstanding his
general edmisistration of affairs has been highly successful.
Explain this if you can, how two such very small men as
Mr.,Tylor and, Mr. Polk, personally
.odious, and =entail/
week, have been so successful in their general c ireer. It
seems as if these " small men " when on the procrustean
bed of state are stretched out and kept out until their term
of office expires, when they collapse, and scares fill their ori-
ginal nut-shells. It is an old maxim, of high
authority, that
when the bad bear sway; the people mourn. This is not
true in the United States. When bad men rule at Wash-

ington, the people get angry and kick them out.
The postal treaty with your government will be ratified.
The correspondenes has appeared in print, as nearly all our
official papers do, and the Postmaster-Osseral has relaxed
the former rats. charged as retaliatory under the act of
Congress. The present rates ere better than they were, and
the reciprocity of kindness greater ; but, after all, it is a sorry
business for two great nations to make such heavy clam s
ea a piece of paper, with a few ink marks upon it. Five
cents for ship postage would have been quite enough.
But we, too, have a great idea of making everything pay.
Indirect taxation must be resorted to to secure revenues,
since the people will not bear the visits of tax gatherers. If
they can be allowed the option of writing and sending •letter
they will pay for it ; but if there was, for example, a poll-tax
to support the Post-office, "their dander" would be up • con-
siderable." This idea has its effect on many measures that we
'rut of, but I will not allude to them lest the narrative of
what I have witnessed may be mistaken for that which
I wish.
One thing rejoices us greatly, that we can send our news-
papers and periodicals cheaply to your country. Oar editors
begin to talk of their English circulation. Look out for
some " tall specimens "of newspapers. We have heard that
there is one published in the far west, where ink and paper
are so scarce that the types are blackened with bog mud, and
the journal is printed one pocket handkerchief. Alter the
subscriber has read the news he washes the paper and sends
it back in time for the next number. We do not, of course,
anticipate the circulation of such newspapers in England—to
any great extent!
We have just received the annual report of the comp-
troller of this state, the same gentleman who has been elected
Vice-President of the United States. The financial concerns
of the state of New York are becoming very important, and
in magnitude surpue those of many. European countries.
The property of the state is, for convenience, divided into the
general fund, the canal fund, the literature fund, the coal-
man school fund, and the United States deposit fund. There
are also separate trust knob, vin., the bank fund, the free
bank "scanty fond, the Emmen' fund, six separate funds
of railroad campanile, to which the public have lent as-
sistance, either by advances of cash, er of the credit of the
state, and two fends in aid of the remnants of the Indian
tribes in nu' territory. Under these various heads accounts
are keA sad every year their coadidon is made known by
the publication of the official documents.
Out of theneral fend, the expenses of the state gems-
meat are The payments out are on warrants draws
by autho officers. The fund is kept up by the staples
revenues, and transfers from other funds. This year there is
a small delicieney,..a circumstance which is av it is recom-
mended to provide for by direct taxation. The general
fund is estimated to produce the present year about
771,000 dab.; to be derived from the state tax, 235,000
dole. ; surplus canal nesse'', 200,000 dole. ; duties on
salt manufactured at the state sprigs, 17,000 dole.; antes
' duties, 100,000 dole. • tax an of reign insurance companies,
4,600 dole.; pedlars' licenses, 2,000 dole. • sales of land far
taxes unpaid, 200,000 dole.; and other smaller items. Out
of this fund are to be paid—Salaries of the officers of the
state government, 40,000 dole.; salaries of the judges,
90,000 dole ; per diem. allowance to members of
legislature, 76,000 doh.; incidental expenses of leg sisters
15,000 dole. • support of deaf and dumb asylums, 25,000
dole ,• support of blind asylums, 17,000 dole. • New York
hospital, 22,609 dole. ; foreign poor, 10,000 dole. • expenses
of state prisons, 17,000 dole.; state library (annually), 3,000
dole. ; agricultural societies, 7,000 dole ; state lunatic asylum.
11,9eff ifols. • apprehending of fugitives from Justice, 6,000
dole. ; aerial school for training teachers, 16,000 dole. ; and
other charges, making up the total at 565.000 dole. It will
thus be seen that humane, and literary and scientific institu-
tions, receive the care of the state, and to an extent Tin
large in prg to its revenue. A slaking fund, to pay
off the principal of the general fund debt, is also I. operation.
Our canals have cat the public 31,763,467 dole., and
their annual is 3,033,570 dols (The great Erie Canal
is slowly going through the operation of enlargement for
boats of about 200 tons capacity.) The amount of the debt
remaining for their construction is about 17 millions, while
the value of the works, taking their surplus revenues at 6
per cent, se a guide of valuation, is about 40 millions of
dollars. This balance of the debt is expected to be pall off
in 1866. Without going too much into detail, I may add
that the Income of the Literature Fund is divided among
those academies of the state which have a certain amount of
property of their own, and hues a certain number of scholars.
The Common School Fund has a capital of more than two
millions of dollars, the income of which is divided among the
common schools. The Bank Fund was an accumulation
of a per centers levied on the capital of the old
banks, and was called the safety fund. It is nearly de-
strayed by the failure ofinnintiens under the old system of
chartering. The new system of free banking requires an
actual deposit of state stocks with the comptroller to the
amount of the circulation of each institution. The bills are
all countersigned in the comptroller's office, and the metal
plates are required to be left in his possession. In this way
there is ample protection to the holder of the note, both
against over issues or frauds.
As an illustration of the character of our people, I will
mention one circumstance within my own knowledge. The
Europa takes out today a tin box addressed to her Majesty
Queen Victoria, containing a work of art, having relation to
Niagara Falls, and a small package from another quarter for
Prune Albert. These presents are sent evidently with
a hearty good-will, and they show that though we
are warm republicans, we honour royalty where it
is adorned with every virtue. The Queen, as I
have already informed you, is much admired here,