The Express.
London, England, 1847-01-25 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 25, 1847.

piece of land and set up for himself. For the first year
or two helms tilled his property by his own toil, with
occasional aasistance, it may be, from some chance
labourer ; but after that time he has fairly become
one of the class that employs labourers. And during
the time that he worked for wages he has been better
fed and as well lodged and clothed as the most indua-
trions labourer in this country. This is better than
toiling thirty years for a bare subsistence, with
no other refuge than the workhouse in view 1
for his old ago —so richer reward than a
twenty shilling irri4e fur having subsisted so many
years without parish pay. Most of the men, we may
add, to whose short and simple annals we have been
referring, have been married men with families.
The system of emigration adapted to relieve Ire-
land will have for its end the conveyance of hale and
enterprising labourers to those labour markets in
which comparatively so few years of toil enable the
labourer to become one of the proprietary class. Or,
if the scale on which emigration must be carried on
to relieve immediately the over-populated localities in
Ireland threaten to swamp those labour-markets by a
surcharge of labourers, the system of emigration ::rust
be such meta create new ones, by encouraging emigrants
possessed of some small capital to accompany them.
There is no class more likely to be benefited by emi-
gration than the small capitalist class, provided they
can only find labourers.
The task of government, therefore, will be simply ,
to provide free passages for labouring emigrants from
Irelun), to those settlements where
_labourers are at

present in demand; and to provide for the safety and
comfort of the emigrants from the time of their leav-
ing home till the time of their arrival at the scene of
their labours. The means of affording free passages
to the colonies may be provided by loans on the se-
curity of their respective land funds. A price placed
upon waste lands SJ high as to oblige the labourer
without means to work fur wages a few years before
he can procure land of his own, and to deter mere
speculators from sinking money in lands which they
intend to kayo waste until the cultivation of the
adjoining lands imparts a value to them, yet so
low as to make the acquisition of lands a
certain source of more than average profit,
will make the waste lands of all our younger colo-
nies a certain source of a large income for many
years to coin?. The price will
.gladly be paid : not
for the land, whirl!, where there is more of that com-
modity than can be used, has no value in exchange ;
but as a contribution to the labour fund, the fund for
supplying free passages fur a continual succession of
labourers to fill up the vacancies left by those who
pass into the class of proprietors. The mother coun-
try is perfectly safe in advancing liberal loans upon
the security of the waste lands in the colonies, winch,
thus managed, will be alike profitable to it and to the
colonies. The charge of expending the loans, of
providing good ships and provisions for the emigrants,
and directing them to the best labour markets, will I
most fitly devolve on the Colonial Land and Emigration
Commission. The class to be benefited by emigration
is entirely distinct from that which is to be benefited
by the eleemosynary relief of poor law guardians;
and it is desirable that this distinction should be
marked by entrusting them to the care of different
agencies.
There is but one other point to which it, appears
necessary at this moment to direct attention. We
have said, that in New South Wales there is scarcely
an instance of hard-working Irishmen who accepted ext.
ploy ment in the interior failing to attain to independent
circumstances. We must add, however, that among the
great numbers of Irish who annually emigrate to the
different colonies and to the Vaited State,. they are•
unfortunately. a minority who play this independent
and enterprising game. The Irish are too moth given.
to congregating and rosherinp is the great towns in.
which they first debark. At Boston, New York,
Philadelphia, Montreal, and Sydney (New South
Wales), there are hordes of Irish labourers leading
a scrambling life, seemly betr off than at home,
who, by seeking employment in the rural districts,
might, in a few years, make themselves ; ndependent.
It will be the duty of government, at th, commence-
ment of their Irish emigration, to adopt I measures for
counteracting this propensity. Nor wil I the task be
difficult. Sydney the number e4' labourers
has repeatedly so. incrsased that no employ-
ment could be foind for them; and this while
any amount of wages almost would have been
glad-4* given, by proprietom in the in' xrior. The
government :migration airsta- soon ;la we up the at-
tempt to pervade tha timid faimgmets to move inland;
bat the spirieiand ene Ty of two indivi duals has shown
that a little pertievermee sold coup ter their inertia.
MY. BENJAMIN Born, by the contas ion of his high
spiriMalone,on one comaior.roasedn pwards of fifty of
them to start for Hs settlemer.t at Twofold Bay.
And Mrs. Cutsnonsi„whotoo bentati ent self-devotion
to the destitute laboarers abhut limy is beyond all
pmiee, has, by her him yet genal 2 encouragement,
provided fee hundreds in the, in wrier. Her expe-
ditiens for this beeevolert puny logo are too nu-
merous to recount; but more • than once has she
started hem Sydney with came ens of one or two
hundred labourers, nod journeyed on, until dropping
one with a good maater herar and another with a gwd
master these, she LW placed Oh em all in the way of
obtaining 'ildependoace. And •
.hat this lady has se-
complishei by her tact midi er ,thuainam, surely go.
vernment may aosatl3llBh. be a judiciously chosen
and properly superintendedmg envy.

The Pule journals of .urday have reached us.
Reports continued to maser from the various dis-
tricts of France, where the d carnets of subsistence has
PmducedPim ,lion. At Chateauroux
troops had arrivcdut ram cut force to enable the au-
thorities to repress violin!) oe, and restore order. The
persons concerned• in the murder of M. Chambert,
mentioned in cur ferniest' =respondence, had been ar-
rested. The viflagew th roughout the disturbed dis-
tricts around Chateaurw u were severally occupied by
military detachments.
The Chamber of
.puties, yielding to the urgency
of the case, have give a m
prioritti to the law on the im-
portation of cern. err over e address in answer to
the royal spesub.
ace I eceived from London on Friday,
thaTthethinte
the
Bank of England was not about further
to raise ita.rate
ble effect on tit diEcount, had a slightly favoara-
e bourse of that day. The Threes,
which had, folk n to 77,35, rose to 77,83, at which
they closed. : The committees of the Chamber of
Deputies have oeen engaged upon the budgets, some
iof the items
these were w of which excited opposition ; among
a expenses of the Montpensier marriage,
and a charge in the budget of the Minister of Foreign
Affairs. for r eeret sorties,.
During the last week all the railway shares suf-
fered, a d.e aline corresponding with that which affected
the pubh e funds.
In the bureaux of the Chamber of Deputies, on
the 2 d instant, the discussion on the budgets of
1818 • me continued. It was resolved in nearly all
the h .areaux to reject any demand of increased
Frau is. Thus the 23,000 francs demanded by the
Mir inter of the Interior, to increase the number of
sta .-prefectures to 43, and the 100,000 francs
a? .ditional demanded by the Theatre Francais would
o refused. An increase of the personnel of the
ministries was. likewise rejected.—Several members
demanded that a monthly return be made of the
amount of the floating debt.—The commission on the
L address is convoked for Tuesday.—A alight improve-
L ment took place at the bourse on Saturday, which,
however, was ascribed to the gambling transactions of
certain speculators, and not to any external influence.

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The Spanish mail arrived in Paris late on Saturday
afternoon, bringing the journals and correspondence
of the 17th instant. Tho presidency of the chamber
was still unsettled. The ministry had not ventured
to name their candidate, but it was then supposed that
the choice would fall on M. Bravo Murillo.

The C'bz» l'ublico /peaks of CarlistT;Overnents in
the prortnees, and publishes a letter from Minim,