The Express.
London, England, 1847-11-10 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 10, 1847.

tive results. Thus, in St. Saviour's workhouse, the
introduction of stone-breaking as a payment for bed
nd breakfast had this remarkable effect on the num-
ber of casual poor :
Member pVIMINI Number af.er
Weeks.
tieto Stooryard. Weis °peels( We ope rung Decrease.
the Stoney/ad.
Rest 3,917 First 303 2,614
Sowed .. 4,261 *teed . 343 4.038
Third .. 3.3113 Third
Mill 776 10.1 ti

Of course, with every workhouse open to receive
casual paupers, no machinery for identifying these
applicants could possibly be applied. The pauper goes
his round of unions, changing his name and story as
often as he finds it convenient. Even it detected in
an act of vagrancy, what would be punishment to
others is found to be no punishment to the regular
tramp. He rather likes a prison than otherwise. He
certainly prefers it to the workhouse. He will break
windows and tear his clothes to get sent there, from
time to time. The evidence of A. 8., one of this
vagrant class, is curious :
Chairman : Have yon been in gaol very often ? I have
been.—Did you get tared of being in gaol ; when you pleased
were you put out again ? In goingabout aad getting so very
little food at the different unions 1 got to feel very bad. You
have a comfortable bed in prison, and I preferred going there
at times to get a little rest. —What is the longest time you
ever were is prison ? Two months.—Did you begin to
weary of it at the end of two months ? Yes—What is the
longest time you would like to stay when you went to recruit
yourself ? Not more than a month.

And again :
Mr. Wsklev : Do the vagrants like the workhouses or the
gaols bat ? The gaols they prefer; they do anything to get
there; they go to these places for an excuse to commit all
sorts of crime., such as refusing to work, breaking windows,
tearing up their clothes ; particularly across the water ; that
is, on this side of the water now.—ln order to get into gaol*
on the other side of the water? Yea—That is the reason
they commit offences? Yes.--Have you known them com-
mit offences for the purpose of getung into Brixton gaol ?
Yes, I have been among theta myself.— What are you *peak-
ing of now ? I have been at Bromley and at Chislehuret. I
hare been committed there with a gang of forty or fifty in
a day for refusing to work, sad we bare been sent to Maid-
stone—Forty or fifty sent at one time? Yes.—How many
police took them ? Sometimes one or two ; sometime* only
orie.—And how were they taken there ? They would go
very willingly ; the policeman would tell them the road to
go, and be would go behind them—Did they appear cheer-
int or melancholy on the road ? Very cheerful; they were
pleated to think they were going to have some food, which
they said was not allowed them in sufficient quantities at the
unions where they had been.
It is certain, in fact, that as our prisons are
managed just now, we have ne punishment by which
to deter the vagrant from his mendicant existence.
Notwithstanding its hardships (and with this class it
is a life of privation and misery) he prefers its pre-
carious returis to the wages of honest labour. The
cause of the preference lies deep in a particular
variety of human character. It is strong in the Arab
and the Gipsy, and a bastard form of it make' the
tramp. This class, it is evident, requires a peculiar
kind of treatment, quite different from any that can
be applied to the labourer out of work, whose destitu-
tion is no crime, though improvidence may have a large
share in producing it; or the immigrant Irish family,
who, mischievous and barthensome as their presence
among us may be, should be dealt with as
victims rather than offenders. The casual ward
of the workhouse, as it exists, is an abomination,
and must continue to be so, even in the best managed
establishments. A central asylum, partaking largely
of the character of a penitentiary, should be erected
for the reception of the vagrant. In such a place a
strict discipline might be enforced, cleanliness would
be insisted on, the persons of all applicants for relief
would be known and their applications registered;
the tramp, if he had no settlement, would be detected
and punished as an offender, or if he had a settle-
ment, dismissed to his parish; while the more de-
serving would no longer be exposed to the contami-
nation and degradation of the vagrant ward.
To carry out the scheme of such an asylum might
require modifications of the existing law. But with
such an asylum, the law as it affects vagrants might
be strictly carried oat, which can never be the case at
present, when destitution lumps under common titles
sad common treatment all shades of poverty, from
that of the unfortunate but industrious labourer, to
that of the dare-devil degraded pariah, who positively
prefers wandering misery to industrious and 'settled
comfort.

NATURE is a great artist. In the revolutions of
empires, with the skill of a tragic poet, she uniformly
makes a burst of prosperity precede the crash of
overthrow. On this principle she was lavish in the
liberality with which she yesterday co-operated to
add fresh splendour to the annual pageant of our
civic sovereign.
Though we already touch the close of the first de-
cade of gloomy November, the sun shone bright, and
the air was mild as in spring. The crowds who can
make a holiday out of anything, were abroad, jostling
and eyeing each other with sympathising looks of
gladness. And the bright sunshine lit up the gay
colours and metallic splendour of knights of the
fourteenth century, state carriages d /a Louis
XIY., lancers of the era of the peninsular
war, policemen of the last new cut, not
forgetting " BACCIIVA drawn by leopards." Nay, the
very tide paid homage to the new Loan MAYOR, and
carried him and his suite to Westminster, our occa-
sional contributors assure us, with unwonted celerity.
Yet were these conspiring favours of the elements
lavished upon an empire tottering to its fall. They
were akin to the intermittent triumphs which at
times cast a gleam on the last feebleness of the
Byzantine emperors. For, alas! Lord Mayors
no longer are what Lord Mayors once were. When
London and the metropolis were synonymous terms,
and when the City companies were realty industrial
powers, the Lord Mayor was somebody. Now, how-
ever, the dominions of the Lord Mayor are but as
a speck in the huge metropolitan map, and
the ROTHSCHILD% and BARINGS, though they may
inscribe their names as members of the companies,
do it after the same condescending, half-ashamed,
make-believe fashion that kings and statesmen have
for centuries been in the habit of doing. Unlike the
May-day processions of Jack-in-the-Green and the
November processions of GUIDO FAWKES, now per-
formed by professional mendicants instead of real
sweeps and schoolboys, the Lord Mayor's pageant is
still filled by bond fide performers; but there is an
end of its reality. For all useful purposes, the
mayor and aldermen have been superseded by the
superintendent of police, or might be by a stipendiary
magistrate.
hay, there lack not hypercritics who will have it
that the civic dignitaries, instead of being merely
melees, are positively mischievous. Some of these
eevillers maintain that the great end and aim of the
Mansion-house potentates, is to keep a sham con-
servancy of the Thames in the field in order to
prevent the introduction of a real one, and to uphold
the dangerous' as dirty, nuisance of Smithfield. Nor
do they stop here ; but, catching at the announcement
that yesterday's procession was preceded by a sump-
tuous breakfast and followed by a redundant and
luxurious banquet, they go on to enlarge upon the
gluttony of corporators. They speak of charitable
trusts, instituted centuries ago by GRESHAM andothers,
and allege that though the rents of the lands thus
left to the management of civic companies have
since been quadrupled, and even multiplied to
greater amounts, the exact sums " nominated in the
bond" continue to be annually expended for purposes
of charity, or the promotion of education, while the
surplus is devoured by the overgorged members and
their governors. They speak of one company, with
its twenty-four dinners in the year, at which all the
luxuries of the successive seasons are laid on the
groaning board in surfeiting excess, and the o'er-
cloyed gluttons encouraged to carry large part of them
home ; of another, at whose monthly stuffings the
silver spoons laid before the guests are looked upon
as gifts to them. They tell of the profusion of
rich and rare wines at these civic feasts, and
of the retirement of governors to indulge
in yet more costly and luxurious draughts in
aristocratic seclusion. The details combine the
voluptuousness and extravagance of a SARDA-
NAI`ALUS, with the unimaginative vulgarity of un-
educated men, enriched by the routine of the
most mechanical arts. Our grumblers proceed to
multiply the annual gorging and swilling of each
company by the total number of City companies, and
to add the analogous teats of the corporation properly
so called, and the minor feats of real trading asso-
ciations which ape the manners of the ancient com-
panies. The total presents an aggregate of gluttony
that is positively appalling.
Had the amount of the sums thus spent in sordid
crapulous indulgence in the City of London since
the beginning of the present century, been hoarded, it
might have sufficed by this time to found and endow

schools sufficient for the whole population of school-
going age. Or it might have erected and stored
with volumes, libraries adequate to the wants of the
whole adult population. Or it might have paid for the
removal of all 'mimeos and obstructions within the
walls, for the opening op of the architectural master-
pieces of our ancestors, and for adorning the City with
works of art of which a nation might justly be prowl.
And the funds by which any of these honourable ends
might have been accomplished have been scanda-
lously wasted in glutting the most beastly of human
appetites.
For this reason, do we feel that the civic dynasty
is doomed—that its days are numbered. The house-
holders within the jurisdiction of the mayor and alder-
men complain that the appointment of these authori-
ties is vested in an electoral body, the majority of
whom, visiting the City only to transact business,
reside at a distance, and have little interest in con-
straining them to discharge aright their municipal
functions. The wealthy and intelligent merchants
and traders of London feel that the commercial in-
stitutions and laws of the City are irreconcileable
with the wants and usages of modern commerce.
The other metropolitan districts are tired of a mu-
nicipal constitution the existence of which they
are only made aware of when projected improvements
are thwarted to show the power of office-bearers.
Lastly, the mass of the liverymen are becoming
ashamed of the farcical character which the City in-
stitutions have assumed in the dotage of their
senility.
The absurdity cannot last much longer. Now that
sweeps have become ashamed of their May-day
mummeries, and school-boys too manly to play with
the big ugly dolls christened after the hero of the
gunpowder plot, grown men will grow shy of enact-
ing the Governor of Barataria part of a Lord
Mayor, with his state coach and men in armour. If
not more virtuous than those which preceded
it, this age, at least, cherishes the tasteful vices.
The gross gluttony of civic feasts is becoming
unsavoury to all. All these influences tend to the
elimination of lord mayor and aldermen, with their
concomitants. The senators of modern London can-
not do better than emulate (in their corporate capa-
cities) the CATOS of old Rome when their constitution
was overturned. Having in Barticmy Fair put down
the last rival nuisance, the corporation cannot close
its labours more gracefully than by putting down
itself. Thus alone can it conciliate public opinion,
which is so bent upon seeing it superseded by an effi-
cient framework of municipal government for the
whole metropolis, that even the return of Mr. D. W.
HARVEY to parliament would have been welcomed,
in the conviction that his irresistible predilection for
attacking old friends and colleagues would have en-
sured his making an immediate and deadly onslaught
on the City authorities.

The chief topic which occupied attention in Paris
on Monday, exclusively of the affairs of Switzerland,
was the approaching contract for the loan. The pro-
ceedings of government in relation to it are canvassed
freely by all the opposition journals. We give the
following from the Steele:
The loan which is to be contracted for on the 10th, is the
subject which occupies all minds. The Minister of Finances,
in order to obtain a higher price, is endeavouring, by indi-
rect
means, to reduce the prices of the rode: which will be
i thrown upon the market. He is said to have renounced the
idea of inducing the Caine desDepOta to refrain from making
tenders, but persists in calling upon the Bank of France. The
backers, on their side, have not forgotten that the exchange
of Paris lost by the two last loans, and wish to obtain the
present upon better terms. We hope that capitalists, en-
couraged by the solidity of public credit, will not show any
want of confidence. Their interest is the same as that of the
state. Every contractor who makes a tender for a loan, is,
by the very act, a speculator for a rise, and works against
himself, if he does not show that he estimates the public
property at its real value. In such eases, courage is judg-
ment. On former adjudications, the rentes created to repre-
sent the loan brought with them • premium anterior to their
creation. This premium, which consisted of several months'
arrears of dividends, constituted a profit which must have
entered into the calculations of those intending to make ten-
den. The new loan will be upon different terms, for the
dividends will begin to run until December 22, posterior to
the date of the contract. The price of stock at the present
day represents at once the capital and the dividend falling
due. Thus, supposing the 3 per cents. to be quoted
on Change, on Nov. 10, at 76f. 65c., this will give 75f. 50e.
for the principal, and If. 15c. for the dividend. If the loan
be taken at the price of the day, but which we do not mean
to prejudge it will be, at 75f. 50c., it would be a 4 per cent.
stock under another form. The terms of the instalments, di.
vided at stated periods of 25 moatke, give to the contractor
an advantage which may be estimated at about 2f. 70c. per
cent. But in order to have the complete enjoyment of this
the contractor and shareholders must be in a position to
make a profit of their money until the payment becomes due.
At all events, the delays granted by the government for
the payments must be favourable to the placing of the
loan ; and so far it appears to us to be to the interest of ,
the public.
In another part of the article, the Siclele, alluding
particularly to the announcement of the intention of
the Bank of France to take part of the loan, says :

For the hut two days, the usual organs of the Bank, the
Presse and the Dibats, have been striving to defend the de-
cision come to by the Council of Regency, to take a share of
the loan to the amount of 25,000,0001. We have up to the
last moment refused our belief in such conduct; but its
apologists have become too violent for us not to be convinced
that this determination is positively come to. People never
contend too warmly for the theory of rights which they do not
intend to exercise. Thus it has become an avowed fact, that
the Bank is willing to take an interest to the amount of
25,000,000 f. in the new loan. We say is willing, because
in fine the intention is not yet acted upon, and we know not
yet whether partial tenders can be made. As the Bank will
take only 25,000,000 f out of the 250,000,000 f., an under-
standing must be come to with those who take the rest.
Hitherto no one has been mentioned but M. de Rothschild ;
and M. de Rothschild may say to the Bank, I have no need
of your assistance, and will not give you any part of the loan,
without receiving a considerable premium. Or, what would
come to the same thing, may not an hypothesis put forth by
the National be realised ? May it not happen that M. de
Rothschild will refuse to give up any part of the loan to the
Bank without stipulating that it shall pay in the first two
instalments ? By that be would gain two months, till Jan.
8, the day for the opening of the Chamber*, the moment
when confidence and money re-appear, and with them a rise.
A gain of 4 per cent. may be easily realised, and all, or
nearly all, has been sold, without drawing the purse-strings,
with a profit of 10,000,0001., if not 12,000,0001. It is true
that the Bank, on its side, will not have made a had bar-
gain: It will have created for itself testes to the amount of
1,000,000 f., or a revenue of 15f. per share, at 4 per cent. ;
or an additional capital of 4001. will be added to each share.
Who, then, can complain? No one, undoubtedly, except
the opposition journalists, captious spirits, who are ever
ready to find or create causes for blame in all things and at
all times. Be it so; but, as we are one of them, let us be
permitted to give our reasons. Yea! we have already said,
and we again repeat, that the measure taken by the Bank is
untenable in point of law, dtsutrous in a financial sense, and
dangerous in a political point of view.

The detailed report of the proceedings of the Swiss
diet, on Thursday last, the result of which we gave
yesterday, has reached us. The legislative body of
the confederation has shown a great solicitude to
render it apparent to Europe that, in the extreme
exercise of its powers, it has neglected nothing which
could have tended to avert the necessity of executing
its decrees by armed force. In the present measure
no immediate reference is made to the question of the
Jesuits. It is the separate league of the seven cantons
only which is the declared object of attack, and it is
the dissolution of that league which the commander-
in-chief of the federal army is ordered to
effect by armed force. Three documents have
been adopted by the diet on Thursday. 1. The
decree for the dissolution of the Sonderbuind, and the
order to General Dufour to execute it. 2. A proclama-
tion addressed to the federal army ; and, 3. A manifesto
containing a detailed view of the questions which divide
the confederations, and a vindication of the policy pur-
sued by the Diet in relation to them. These were seve-
rally adopted by the majority of twelve cantons, and
two half cantons, which has sanctioned all the former
decisions. Immediately after, couriers were des-
patched to all the cantonal governments, and the
French ambassador sent a messenger with despatches
to Paris.

-
Mr. Peel had a long conference with M. Ochsenbein
on the morning of the 4th, at which it was reported
that an offer of mediation was made on the part of
the British government, bat that the president de-
clared that matters had gone too far to admit of that
mode of arrangement. As we mentioned yesterday,
Friburg will be the first point of attack. Thirty
thousand men, commanded by Colonels Burckhart
and Rilliet-Constant, were directed to this object, and
were to assemble on Friday last. General Dufour
left Berne on the evening of the 4th for the frontier
of Lucerne, but it was supposed that he would take
no offensive measures until the result of the move-
ment on Friburg was known.
The refusal of Neufchatel to supply its contingent
was referred to the committee of seven, and in the
meantime the occupation of that principality by the
federal troops had been countermanded. No ob-
struction, however, had been offered to the march of
the federal troops through its territory. The dici- I

aims et Vaud and Geneva had passed through it on
their search to the. German cantons.

The difficulty with the half canton of Bale-Ville had
been adjusted. It famished its contingent of ar-
tillery to the federal army, in addition to a double
contribution in money. Its infantry, the disposition
of which towards the Sonderbund was doubtful, was
retained for cantonal service.
A letter from Lyons says, that on the 4th two
battalions of Valaisans had passed by the Sorneteh,
and having forced a Bernese poet passed into the
territory of Friburg. Le Conservateur states that
the federal military stores at Lucerne, belonging to
ths federal government, have been placed at the
of the council of war of the Sonderbund.ahrooli rding to the Leeblaltern, the Austrian ambas-
sador, after having left Switzerland for Constance,
proceeded from the latter to Bregenz, where, it is
said, he will remain until the cessation of hostilities.
The following is the text of the decree which orders
the execution by arms of the decree against the
Sonderbund:—

The federal diet, considering that by the decision of 20th
July of this year the separate league (Sonderbund) of the
seven cantons of Lucerne, Uri Schwitz, Unterwalden, Zug,
Friburg, and the Valais, was declared incompatible with the
dispeeitiona of the federal pact, aad in consequence dis-
solved • that the said cantons have been held responsible for
the observance of this decision, and that the diet reserved to
itself to take the ulterior measures which circumstances

might require; considering that the delegates of the Son-
derbund cantons did on 20th July depose their declaration
that they would not recognise the decision of t diet; con-
sidering that the said cantons have, before as well so after
the 20th July, snide extraordinary military preparations.
and constructed entrenchments; that they have caused
arms and ammunition to be brought from abroad, evidently
with the intention of opposing, even with arms, the
execution of the decision taken by the diet ; considering that
the said cantons, fat from paying respect to the decision of
the llth August, by which they were formally exhorted to
abandon all that could disturb the tranquillity of the country,
have, both before and after this decision, acted in contraven-
tion of the decision by restoring the entrenchments, and by
continuing their extraordinary military prcparations ; con-
sidering that the said cantons have refused access to the can-
tonal authorities, to the federal representatives nominated by
the diet ; that almost everywhere in these cantons the cir-
culation of the conciliatory proclamations of the federal diet
has been forbidden, and that in the canton of Lucerne
this publication has even been declared subject to punish
meat; considering that the propositions of conciliation which
have since been made have been rejected by the said
cantons, and that all efforts tending to bring the cantons
back, by pacific means, to the recognition and the execution
of the federal duties which they have sworn to discharge
have remained without result ; considering that the delegates
of the said cantons did, on 20th October, leave the diet and
' the federal town, and by such as act, coinciding with the
declarations and the military dispositions which have since
bean taken, have placed themselves in open war against the
ecinfederation ; considering after all that it is the im•
pensive duty of the federation and of the diet to cause the
decisions taken by it to be respected, in conformity with the
principles of federal law, and to employ all federal mean' to
be prepared for a state of things so threatening to the in-
terior and exterior safety of the federation : " In conformity
with Art. 1,6, and 8 of the federal pact, the diet has decided
what follows: Art. 1. The decision of the 20th July of this
year, relative to the dissolution of the eeparatc league (Son-
derbund) formed between the cantons of Lucerne, Uri,
Schwits, Unterwalden, Zug, Friburg, and the Valais, shall
be put into execution by means of arms. 2. The com-
mander-in-chief of the federal troops is charged with the exe-
cution of the present decision. 3. The diet reserves to itself
to take ulterior measures according to circumstances. 4.
The vorort is charged to transmit the present decision to
the commander-in-chief of the federal troops, to the federal

council of war, and to all the cantonal goveLm. cote."

We have advices from Rome to the 30th, and from
Naples to the 31st ult. All efforts to dissuade Car-
dinal Ferretti from retiring from office had proved
unavailing. He is succeeded by Cardinal Amat,
legate of Bologna. The most painful regret prevailed
in consequence at Rome, not from any distrust of the
new Secretary of State, but from a deep sense of the
lose to the liberal party of so firm a friend as Cardinal
Ferretti has proved himself on so many trying occa-
sions. Cardinal Amat, with the best dispoeitions, has
yet to master the official business, and learn to frus-
trate the tricks of the foreign diplomatists with whom
he will be surrounded, the chief object of some of
whom will oe to obstruct the progress of every liberal
policy. Two re-actionaries, M. Somtucci, under-
secretary of state, and M. Mastorri, have been dis-
missed from office, and are replaced by M. M Beg, a
nephew of Cardinal Ferretti, and another liberaL M.
Lavelli was named governor of Rome in place of M.
Morandi, who had resigned. Profound tranquillity
continued in the capital.
In the letters from Naples there is nothing to qua-
lify the information already received. the same
picture of unmitigated despotism, military tribunals,
arbitrary taxation, and a despairing and impoverished
people continues to be presented.
A letter from Turin of the 3rd says
. _ _

Today, which is the King's fete, his Majesty left for
Genoa. Early in the morning the streets leading to the
palace, and in particular the square and long street of the
Po, were crowded with people wearing a blue riband at the
breast, and many of them carrying flags, and singing songs
composed for the purpose. The King rode through this
crowd on honetack amidst cries a thousand times repeated
of " Long live Charles Albert! Long live the King of Italy !
Long live reforms and Pius IX. !" His Majesty was escorted
by a numerous staff, with his two sons by his side. Flom
tine to time he put his handkerchief to his face to conceal
his emotion. All the shops were closed, and the balconies
of the houses dressed out with flags. When the King ar-
rived at the bridge of the Po he alighted from his
horse, and entered a carriage to continue his
route to Genoa. There were several ladies in full
dress in the crowd, and they joined in the songs of the
people. The shouts of the people, when the procession u•
rived in trent of the house of the Minister of the Interior,
who is said to have advised the late decree of reform, were
tremendous. The police had their arms reversed, and very
few gendarmes were seen in the streets. In the evening the
theatre was illuminated, and surge in honour of the King
were sung by the actors and the audience.

The syndics of Genoa published the following pro-
clamation on the 2nd instant :

Fellow-citizens, —When you desisted, at the desire of
your municipal magistracy, from those demonstrations
which, though legitimate and inoffensive, might have be-
come inconvenient or dangerous, by too frequent repetition,
we assured you at the time that oar beneficint sovereign
was maturing those institutions that formed the object of
your desires, and will be the firoundwork of your happiness.
fhe hopes of all are now being realised, for you are ac-
quainted with the sovereign acts already sanctioned, which
are a pledge of happier days to come. His Majesty King
Charles Albert will, according to custom, be among us on
the evening of the 4th inst. You yourselves have expressed
the intention of illuminating your dwellings, as a mark of
sincere exultation ; and we, while approving your intention,
exhort you at the same time to carry it into effect with de-
corum, while we inform you that all the public buildings
will be illuminated also. You were the first to acknowledge
the propriety of pacific demonstrations of gratitude towards
the excellent prince who will leave his people in no point in-
ferior to others in that civil life that is now rising proudly in
every Italian province. Preserve unaltered the dignified
tranquillity you have hitherto observed, as a homage to the
sovereign, and a sure pledge of social progress.
• - - - - - -

Festivals nod rejoicings have taken place at Novara,
Alba, Carmagnola, Mondovi, Pineralo, Cirie, and other
places of the Piedmontese dominions, on the occasion
of the recent reforms. "If a letter from Rome is to
be believed," says the Constittakinnel, " the Doke of
Lucca, being exceedingly short of money, has not only
disposed of his duchy, but sold his gallery of pictures
to a rich Englishman. Unfortunately, the duke's
agent, it is said, after having touched the price, has
fled to America." _

The Nourelhate of Marseilles states, on the autho-
rity of a letter from Naples, that the Neapolitan
government has declared that the law of the 13th
August last, lowering the duty on salt, and abolishing
the tax on the grinding of corn, is not to be appli-
cable to Sicily.

MADRID, Nor. 3.
On Monday night the troops were ordered to re-
main under arms, and other military precautions were
taken, as in times when the public safety is impe-
rilled. As there appears to exist not the least syrup-
ton of even a tendency towards popular disturbance
without, the only explanation which these warlike
preparations admit is the existence of a danger which
menaces the government from some high quarter
within. In fact, it is supposed that General Narvaea,
first deprived of his portfolio from a disinclination of
the Queen to despatch business with a minister by
whom she had been so brutally insulted in the arrest
and banishment of Mirall ; next condemned to submit
to the thousand expressive slights with which offended
sovereigns know how to mark their displeasure;
lastly, foiled in his attempt to turn out Cordova and
Roe de Olano, by the official tenacity of those
courtiers receiving encouragement from the throne
—tottering in his seat of President, and per-
haps receiving some intimation from his new
advanced poet in the Palace, the governor
Mirailores, that his dismissal was imminent, deter-
mined to fall back upon his old resource, the army,
and to make some decided demonstration to show that
he was not disposed to abandon his post without an
appeal to arms. If this should be the correct inter-
pretation of the military movements of Monday night,
it is highly probable that Narvaez will have only

precipitated his fall by so rash a defiance of the head
of the state. The Queen is not of a temper to be inti-
midated easily, or to be braved with impunity by a
subject ; and as, in each a case, she might count with
certainty upon the national support, it is to be sup-
posed that the latent spirit of her character will not
fail to assert the supremacy of her authority, and to ,
appeal to councils by which she may be delivered
from such prtetorian tyranny. Her natural resource
for advice, under such circumstances, would be Chris-
tina ; and Christina would take advantage of
the crisis to put in her moat decided partisans. But
to throw over Narvaez with safety, the chiefs of the
army must be gained. If Concha were a friend of
Christina, nothing would be simpler; but no sort of
alliance exists between them. Her chief supporters
are civilians, as Martinez de la Rosa, Mon, and Pidal.
It was the want of a powerful military ally that made
the Queen Mother entertain the notion of advancing
the Duke of Montpensier to a high command in the
Spanish army. If the Queen then Sod that Christina
is impotent to cope with the military superiority of
Narvaez, she may probably seek protectors against
his tyranny in another quarter. She may, perhaps,
call Espartero to take his seat in the senate.
Meantime, it is said that the Duke of Victoria has
refused the post of ambassador in London. This re-
fusal, foreseen by the Spanish government, was fol-
lowed, we hear, by the communication of an order,
through Istaritz to remain in London until the
government's further pleasure should be known. As
all the progresistas expected great effects to follow
from Espartero taking his seat as senator in the
approaching parliament, this is a blow to their hopes
which has drawn forth loud complaints from the Eco.
The demonstrations of sympathy with M. Guizot
which the Heralds gives on the affairs of Switzer-
land, are received with great dissatisfaction by many
even among the moderados.
The Clamor's challenges conwrniag money abuses
affecting the interests of the nation have attracted
some attention. Don C,esario Saenz, himself a pro-
, gresista, has written two letters explaining the part
which he took in the transactions with Ardoin, the

banker, during his stay at Paris, and denies the
charges of the Clamor. However, it is inferred from
his assertion that his accession to the demands of Ar-
doin and Co., on Sept. 27, had not readied him in an
" official form," that he was not devoid of extra-
official information to the same purport.
A letter from Paris, in the Espanol, of yesterday,
affirms that the diplomatic negotiations between Eng-
land and France, with respect to the Spanish succes-
sion, will in all probability decide in proposing to the
Spaniel government the re-establishment of the Salle
law; and that the opinions and wishes of Louis Phi-
lippe upon this subject have latterly undergone a
very decided change. Unless France were quite
sincere in uniting with England to propose the re-
enactment of the Salle law, such a law could hardly
be carried through the present Cortes : but a bond
fide union of both governments would soon break down
all peninsular opposition. In the meantime we have been
so often secretly counteracted by France, while she has
overtly extended her hand in co-operation, that even if
the negotiations at Paris should have such a result as
the correspondent of the Espanol supposes, it by no
means follows that the French ambassador should not
receive instructions to foment the opposition at Ma-
drid, which has been given up at Paris. Other letters
from Paris give out as certain the appointment of M.
Bacourt as ambassador at Madrid, and insinuate, ri-
diculously enough, that his knowledge of the
English language has a diplomatic meaning.
'I hey say Roncali is to be made Captain-General of
the Havannab, and Pavia or Fulgosio are talked of as
his successors at Madrid. Gaertner, aide-de-camp to
Narvaez for several years, and his companion abroad,
has been appointed commander-general of the pro-
vince of Huesca. . _ .

The Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, with his eon,
arrived at Seville, on Oct. 30.
Miraflores, the Duke of Gor, and the Prince of
Anglona, are talked of for the presidency, and two
vice-presidencies of the senate in the coming session.
The moderados have been victorious in the municipal
elections hitherto in every district but two.

ITALY.—LEGIIORN, Ocr. 29.—Ibrahim Pacha
arrived here this day, on board a French frigate, coming
from Malta. His suite is composed of forty persons. It is
said he intends to pass the winter at Pisa.
BELGlUNl.—Baessets, Nov. B.—The King pre-
sided in council on the 7th, when the speech from the throne
yes presented for his Majesty's definite sanction. The King
also gave an audience to Baron de Vriese, the newly ap-
pointed governor of the province of Namur. The chambers
I will meeton the 9th. _ _

HOLLAND.—Tag HAGUE, Nov. 6.—lt will be
recollected that, some time ago, the father of a family of
seven children made a claim on the Dutch government for
the support of the seventh one, grounding his pretensions on
the imperial law of the 27th Nivose An. XI I 1., a law passed, as
the foregoing dates and month show, during the occupation
of Holland by the French. The claim was resisted on the
plea that the law in question was an obsolete or a repealed
one. The claimant, however, with true Dutch pertinacity,
only urged his claim the more vehemently, and at last in-
duced some able legal gentlemen to come to his aid. An
action was accordingly brought against the government, and
the final upshot was that the claim was pronounced to be a
legal one. Immediately after the publication of this im-
portant decision a host of fathers forwarded similar claims
to the government on behalf of their respective seventh child.
The majority of those claims were allowed, and the government
(as stated in the Journal de la Ilaye of this evening) has
laid before the States General a bill for rasing 70,000 florins
for carrying into effect the provisions of the imperial law in
question, and for paying the expenses (36,000 florins) of the
law-suite referred to. By the 29th Nivose the state was
charged with the expenses of educating the seventh child ;
the present government, however, have decided on paying
2.10 florins per year, for four years, to each father of a seventh
(living) child, instead of taking upon itself to provide for
the education of the latter. It appears that, during the
current year, 136 children will be thus provided for; 363 in
1848; 460 in 1849 ; and 512 in 1850. From the last year,
until 1861, the number of children will gradually diminish,
and in the year 1861 only three children will be placed as a
burthen on the state. In that year only will the law be
repealed, so that existing rights will not be injured.
PRUSSIA.—BEEsinut OcT. 31. The Silesian
journals are full of the details of the inundations caused by
the overflowing of the Neisse, the Oder, and the Katzbacb.
The losses caused by the inundations are said to be con-
siderable.
_ _ . .

HESSE DARYBTADT, Nov. 3.—A servant belonging
to the Count of Gorlitz hat been taken into custody. The
maid cook of the count, having remarked that this domestic
had drawn near the dishes prepared for his master, and
touched them, mentioned the circumstance to the Count of
Gond.. The latter refused to tote them, and immediately
seat for the medical Councillor Stegmayer, who, on exa-
mining the contents, found a great quantity of verdigris.
M. Stegmayer immediately caused the men to be arrested.
This person had been for several years in the service of the
Countess de Gorlitz, and had been attached but a few weeks
since to the puma of the count. The father of the do.
mestic has likewise been taken into custody, and a great
number of valuable articles were found in his possession.
WURTEMBERG.—Uut, Nov. I.—The Rhenish
Observer, in t letter of the above date, says " What has been
announced by certain papers, as to the probable movement
of troops towards the Swim frontier, is without foundation ;
nor is it true that the grand duchy of Baden and Bavaria are
making preamitioas to increase the troops at the frontier."
618 EDEN.—Srocimoul, OCT. 26.—1 t is asserted
that on account of the spread of the cholera the diet will
assemble for the future in Malino instead of in the capital.
Forty houses were lately destroyed by fire in Fahlun. The
entire coast from Kellen to Tornea is placed under quaran-
tine, in order to guard against the cholera. Jenny Lind has
safely arrived in Stockholm.
MOROCCO. TANGIERS, Ocr. 27. ABD-EL-
KADZR.—A letter of the above date in the Prose says :
M u ley Abderrah ma n has left Rabat to proceed to Mequinez,
and from thence to Fez, where he fiat present, and from which
place he proposes to observe the events of the Riff. Un-
fortunately winter approaches, and it is to be feared that the
operations, which are scarcely commenced, may be inter-
rupted by the bad weather. The exactions and cruelty of
the emperor towards his subjects already bear their fruits.
The tribes which he has despoiled and decimated rose after
his departure, and pillsgedseveral convoys destined for him.
Some of the imperial troops were obliged to turn back to
chastise the insurgent., who have tied to the woods and
mountains, to again make their appearance when the
Moorish army shad be opposed to Abd.el-Keder. The au-
thority of the ex-Emir, which had been shaken in the Riff,
is at present stronger than ever. The Emperor at length
comprehends the danger of his procrastination and teen-
poriaing ; three of his Isom, Si-Mohammed, Muley-Solisnan,
and M uley-Ahmed, have received orders to go at the head of
16,000 men against A.bd-el•Kader, and to do everything to
arrest his progreis, and destroy his influence. It i. now
114M0 days since the three princes left Fez. Si-Mohammed
and Marley-Solinsan have entered Tata, where they have
shut themselves up with 8,000 men, and Muley-Ahmed has
gone into the mountains of the Riff with the rest of the
troops. The struggle, consequently, is about to commence,
and Abd-el.Kader is not without anxiety. There is a
great agitation in the deira, the council being divided ; some
propose to attack the imperial army in front, others wish
only to annoy it by skirmishes, to divide it in order to de-
stroy it in detail, so that the numerical weakness may be
made up for by military skill and promptitude of operations.
Abd-el-Kader appears irresolute, but it is supposed that he is
decided to fight a pitched battle. some decisive event is,
therefore, about to take place, and it may be affirmed that all
will depend on the attitude of the tribes of the Kiff. If they
join Abitel-Kader, the Moorish troops will be worsted ; if,
on the contrary, they join the Emperor, Abet el-Kader is
lost for ever, and will have no other resource but to with-

The surface of the Austrian dominions being 11,577
square miles, and each square mile containing 10,000 jocks,
the total area is 115,770,000 jocks, and of these, we find by
the above table, 98,092,941, or nearly nine-tenths, are under
cultivation. While in England, out of 52 millions of acres,
34 millions, or not quite seven-tenths, are cultivated. But
it must be borne in mind that, in Austria, the cultivation in
many places is not very productive, and that nowhere is it
tarried to that perfection in which it is seen in this country.
The value of these agricultural products is thus officially
stated :
£ Land-Tae.
Austria-under-the-Ems
Austria up the Ems ....
Styria
Citinthis and Cirniola 2,434,116 10,318
Coast Land ..........
Trel „ 3,734,288 6019
Bohemia
._ 20,443,419 5.4137

Moravia and /212mi0
Galicia
Dalmatia
Venice
Military boundary-- 3,481,748 102,360
Hungary 42,080,253 .—„, 440,522
Trinitylvmlia

Total £137,502,474

t 3,862,237.

According to this statement, the produce of the soil is
taxed at the rate of nearly 3 per cent. ; the highest tax,
nearly 10 per cent., is in Venice ; and the lowest, I per
cent., in 'lnner,. In estimating the comparative amount
of our own agricultural produce, we must bear in mind that
the average prices in Austria are scarcely one-third of what
they are in Great Britain. If the high prices in Great Bri-
tain are not indicative of asound economical system, still less
so are the low prices of Austria, especially of Hangaria,
where they must be looked upon as a great national calamity
arising from the want of roads through the centre of that pro-
vince, and from other causes, which we shall probably treat
of in a future article.