The Express.
London, England, 1849-07-03 00:00:00

betide, id Les import consumed by the various dames
imposing the sepleultural Widest. The hon. member said
ematemptimedy, "a unarm or so of peasants, a few hundred
fleriners, sad a dozen or so of landed proprietors,
what is the connunp• ion of se limited a class to the demand
of the earthen nations of the world," and the sentiment had
bum vary mash cheered by the hen. member's friends.
(Hear, hear.) That was not his (Mr. Disraeli's) estimate of
die beam mead. He did not undervalue the
wren of the egricultural interest, but they didl=l2l
Idea, niespeekrad the whole of the home market. He would
give his notion of the home market, arid of the influence
which it exercised, and he would support it by no lea an
authority than that of Probasco Jones of the tithe commis-
sion In hie book upon root Mr. Jones laid it down that the
agricultural claim after reserving the amount of produce
necessary for their own consuaiptioo, had left for the
purposes of barter with the eon-agricultoral classes.
what was an equivalent to an annual value of
100,000.0001. He (Mr. Disraeli) took Mr. Jores's estimate
which he aid not believe to be exaggerated. The writer
further said that, at times of what was called agricultural
distress—at periods when the farmers were Name with
loner-It will very easy kr them to diminishthe cost of
praise:kis, by diminishing the quantity of labour employed,
and be other means, to the extent of 25 per cent. The
mineral consequence of this was, that in a short time the
produce was also redudd in value, and therefore the amount
available for barter became 75 instead of 100 millions. If,
then, they took Mr. ',Ale/ view as come', let them look
at the present state of the agricultural classes of this country
be the light of his intelligence, and see what most b, th,
effeet en their social state of their present eiscuinstancee. It
appear dby the report of the poor-law commissioners, that the
average price of wheat for the last 10 years had been some thing
under 130 s. the quarter, Sies 103., and by the lest return it
appeared that the present average mica in England was
61. (Protectionist cheer.) 11,re then was a reduc-
tion of 26e. per cent. Be it remembered that they had no
accurate statistics of the home trade as they had of the
forties, and that it was only breed facts, such as he had
quoted, they had to guide them in coming to conclusiocs.
Mr. Jones considered that a reduction of 25 per cent. in
value left the agriculturalist only 75 instead of 100 millions
for the porpoges of barter, but he (Mr. Disraeli) hod shown
a deprematien in the value of setrieulmral production of not
25 but 26 per cent. (H. it, hear) What then had tile,m
place in England ? The dime of 23 millions from
our home trade, half the amount of the so
much boasted foreign trade sad which under ordi-
nary circumstance, would hare aL this time been circulating
through the country. (Hear, hear.) That it was which had
already paralysed our agricultural towns, and which was be.
ginning to be felt even in this great and wealthy metro-
polis. (Cheers.) This was the emend great cause to which
he attributed the. deterioration of the people of England,
which had diminished the meats of employing the
lebeurieg classes at profitable wages. He had shown
the house what had been the effect on the con-
dition of the people of the fall is the home market. He
came to • third point to which the Poor Law Commissioners
referred in their report. Thom gentlemen attributed the in-
crease of pauperism is 1848 to manufacturing dept salon end
the immigratioa from Ireland. Now, he asked, what had
caused the immigration of the Irish into England ? Had it
been caused by the partial famine of which they had heard
so much, or rather might it art he attributed to the policy
which the government had pursued in dealing with tat
famine (Hear, hear.) What was the petition of govern-
mist with respect to Ireland, when the almost hopeless state
of the latter was placed before them ? The patient was in
a state of exhaustion, and the physician had recourse to
a system of depletion. Instead of stimulating the industry of
the country by the sanction of the state, instead of grap-
pling with the question of emigration which at that moment
was singularly opportune, all that the government did was
to ',Malaise', a poor law so ingeniously exhaustive in its
character that it had succeeded in reseming society almost
Into its original elements. (Hear, hear.) They called upon
the proprietors of the laud to make the greatest exertions
and the greatest sacrifices, when mil,' a short time before
they lei deprived the property of Ireland of the surest and
most confirmed market for their produce. (Cheers.) He
said it was the duty of government, in consequence of the
state of Irelaad, to have encountered the question of mixes-
don, and best d so because, as statesmen they ought to have
known that it was impoisihle to avoid the (tuition, and that it
must arise whatever might be their policy. It had arisen
Ia Ireland, and instead of a government emigration they
had had a spontineous emigration. Instead of an emigra-
tion superintended by the state, which would have sent
paupers to rich land., where they might be sure of subsist-
ence, they had had an emigration only of these who
were anxious to save what was stall lett to them. He
asked the house, then, what they thought of • policy
that lead omitted so rare an opportunity, but which
be trusted would never occur "gals. (Hear, hear.)
Let him ask what had been the conduct of ministers in this
wide spread calamity and universal suffering. First they had
supeorted Ireland as a public pauper, while depression
existed in the manufacturing districts, and with the con-
seieusness that agricultural depression was clue at hand. Ile
'eked what had been the conduct of government in the man-
ag, m,nt of the finances ? How had they prepared for the
coming storm ? They were left with • well-filled exchequer,
mid although they had supported Ireland it was done by
loan, and, therefore, it afforded no reason for the each. quer
Incoming empty under their management. Mt y had met
parliament, in the previous year, in the midst of European
convulsions in the midst of the rash speculations
which they, themselves, bad stimulated by their lets-
Melon, in the midst of Irish dieting ; and they
did so without being prepared with any remedy for the eves
by which they were surroundet On the contrary, they m-
otionl the expenditure—end, stronger 'till, they laineaseed
the taxes. (Hear, hear.) Oevanner. could not have for-
gotten the limed's' campaigns of the previous year. The
bon. en. mbar for Montrose had a financial amendment on
the paper. He was one of the. who had prophesied sock
happy results to England from free trade. Three pus ago
he was the leader of all those prophets of statistical celebrity
who offered their inspired computations as to the future re-
novation ache country. (Cheers.) Thou were the men
who had told them that independently of the great profit
they were to derive from the new market. opened to theta—
they were to save two millions • week iu domestic economy
thruugh the' r. peal of the corn-lawa Why the hole
member ought to be ashamed of himself. (Laughter.) He
had sow examined the state of the nation, tooth se regarded
its tenets trade, its egenoiltaral interests, the condition
of Ire*.ans, and the spirit of the policy punned by the go-
eminent towards Ireland and other countries, and the
Seances of the country lie had shown them he the last
hem of consideration that the surplus which they inherited
SWAT this government had base converted into a deficiency
deluder amount, and be need not remind them again that
that deficiency was only terminated by the interfennos of
the House of Commons la the administration of the country.
(lieu, hear.) Well, there had been parties, dark as might
have hien oar fortunes In England, who could look with
satiefactioo, both as • source of power and as a source of
wealth, to her colonies. Whet was the state of our colonies?
What abase had taken place in our colonial relations sines
the esmammeement of the year DM? The government
in-
traduced • measure before they were scarcely warm in thole
seat, to regulate the industry of our sugar colonies. What
had been the consequence of that measure ? According to
the highest authority of hret-rate eminence, one of their
friends, one more acquainted with the labour of these cotes-
ties than any other individual, one who for forty years had
connected himself with the sacred cause of anti-slavery, but
who was also a strong free trader—he meant Sir Stephen
Luseington ; wordier( to his opinion, not an old opinion,
not a dusty prejudice, but taken from his evidence given
only • few days ago, and to be found in the
first report of the slavery commission of this year—
according to Sir Stephen Lualaington, the imam of
the government with respect to sugar had given the " death.
blow" to our colonies. (Chess from the protectionists.)
Having reviewed and deprecated the state of the co.
loans, he west on to say: He heard much of con-
tinental convulsions as the cease of our present condi-
ties. Bet he wanted to know whether the policy of lug
Majesty's ministers with regard to foreign powers had aM
itself beta one of the principal causes of those contineatal
°mealtime? (Hear, hear.) When her Majesty's
=Miners acceded to power they appeared to have
adopted a Ratan contrary to that of their . pre-
decessor. We found that her Majesty's mionters
were in apparent communication with the discontented
party in every state—that party which was sometimes called
the " liberal " party, but which consisted of mast eecdetiee
stimulated and ormsained by an emigrant nobility. (" Hear "
end sheers.) Now, what bed been the consequence of this?
A great convulsion occurred in Europe. He would nos stop
to trees in any degree that convulainn in O. policy of our
s. That might not be difficult ; but when the
rnirrirrlir ived when the influence of England might have been
exercised to oppose and discountenance the coavuhions of
Enrols*, Masked was left without power, because England
was may recognised as the colleague of the limited hews-
tented dowry country, who, thinking that they were Bap-
ported by England, took every :opportunity of exhibiting
their opinions and demonstrating their weakness. All the
great ministers of Europe, who were the representatives of a
groat and stable order of affairs, were treated by our govern-
ment as if they were personal enemies. Metternich.
(iciest, and Narvaes were swept off, or attempted
to be I swept off, from the consideration of affairs.
Bst the most curious thing was, that the party
with which our government seemed to he connected
bad sever succeeded is
_producing a man capable of regu-
lating public business. (Hear.) What had been the conse-
quence 1 The consequence had not only been that that
great iefleence which England once exercised, and so re-
cently exercised, could no longer be exercised to preserve
peaces or went those convulsions, the convulsions of which
we Wrd so much, but her Majesty's government appeared
to have failed in eveey object which they put before
themselves and prop°, ed to themselves se worthy
objects of attainment. He would take the tae
of Italy as a complete illustration of their failure.
Her Ilactesj's erovemmen t were so satisfied that
Austria not hold her petition in Italy, that they
agreed that a new power should lead, and the Xing of Sar-
dinia was fixed *von. Her Main ere government were so
satisfied that the Pope, being a reformer, would be the only
means of preventing the French from entering Italy, that
the; supported the reforming tendencies of the Pops—
her Majesty's government wee ipo satisfied that the
King of Naples, could net hid hie awn, that they were
looking all over Europe to find a king for Sicily. (Hear,
btu.) What wee the malt? Austria was paremoaat
in the north of Italy, end the King of Sardinia wee the
humble ally of Austria. The Pope was not at Rome, but
the Fr ach were.
_Mar, bear.) Tim King of Naples woe
dm King of the Two Shakes ehlL We had a bah Wee-
tration of how little talented oar goveramiat had
been of the state of Europe is their conduct ea re-
garded Spies. It was gaup clam that what cacareed
en Italy never could have occurred if the government were
well informed. Hew well the were informed as regarded 1
the condition of Spaia wee *TAW by tisk istezietbki auk