The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-29 00:00:00

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evening of the 7th January.
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co

LONDON, TUESDAY, DEC. 29.
TILE tidings from India are decidedly those of
economy and peace. The accounts from all quarters
coincide in this respect. The Cashmere insurrection
against GOOLAB SING proves not to be a serious one;
that of the Chief of MOULTAN against the Alabarajahl
of LAHORE more a financial higgle, than a political
resistance. The Nizam has at length appointed a
Vizier of our choice, and Nepaul no longer forms even
the heading of a piece of news. The marching of
TEJ SING, and the Lahore contingent, in aid of
Root ttl, and in concert with the British, shows that
the machinery of a Sikh military empire under
British suzerainty is not so unacceptable after all to
those chiefs and feudatories. They have more
security than under the old regime, if they have lens
plunder; and wo do not see why the aristocracy of
the l'unjaub should not show attachment to, and
confidence in, British supremacy, while it protects
them in their posts mid holdings, and leaves them no
longer exposed to the caprices of a corrupt and ever-
changing court.
The revolt, or rather the refusal of formal submis-
sion and tribute, on the part of ENIAN-00D-DEEM, the
Chief of CASII SRI', was probably owing to uncertainty
as to the amount of support which we had promised to
Row. tit SING. The Cashmerians probably looked upon
that chief as what he was of late years, the
simple Chief of JEMMOO, in dread and jealousy of the
Lahore government, and little able to move an army
of his own resources and authority to surmount the
hasges ur Cashmere. The instahtancoes march 01
(1:71:-'1'rs f once convinced the recalf::tyants,
that GOOLAB SIXu was fully supported ; and the fact
vmught a similar conviction at the same time upon
those far more formidable foes, the Mahommedan chiefs
of the hills between Cashmere and Affghanistan. The
promptness of Lord HARDINGE'S move in occupying
ammo, and that of his diplomatic agents in
reaching Cashmere, demonstrate to the peopee of the
north-west, that our protection really covers the
entire region, and wo shall permit neither machina-
tion nor resistance. This demonstration, having had
at once so speedy awl salutary an effect,. does in
Until give hopes of pacification of the Punpub, and
of our being able to govern and tranquillise the
country of the five rivers, from the mouth to the
sources of the Indus, by the mingled terror and bene-
ficence of the English name.
The kind of omnibus correspondence published
in the generality of the morning journals, under
the head of the Indian mail, is this time some-
what unjust to GOOLAB SING. It represents
him as a mere usurper, with no right whatever
to a kingdom amongst the hills, as hated both by
Hindoo and Mahommedan, and as a second SHAH
SOOJAII, whom the British are setting up. This is
rather unfair. We arc no great admirers of GOOLAB
SING. But there is no denying that he bad
made himself an empire long before we crossed
the Sutlej, and 'a virtually independent one in
Jummesa and in the hill country round it ;
that, in making it over to the Lahore Rajah,
we should have expelled GOOL tn vi et amnia from a
kind of sovereignty which he had long held, and that
on the contrary, by leaving it to him, we merely
sanctioned what is every day taking place in the
East,—an empire and a dynasty founded by personal
address.
The grand motive for preserving the Sikhs as a mili-
tary and an independent nation upon our frontier is,
that they are irrevocably separated by religious differ-
ences from the Mahommedan races beyond, by whom
they have been oppressed, and whom they have op-
pressed in turn. 1% e may rely upon the Sikhs as foes to
the Afighans ; and, by management, we may overcome
old jealousy and inveteracy against us. The
i against Cashmere is a strong and valuable
only showing to us that we may use our late
` displaying to the Mahommedan races
and British guns and bayoneta in array
ircumstance could have so powerful
in allaying the warlike propensities
CEDARKHAN.
CEDAR KHAN. The proof, indeed,
-,ommedans arc awed, is their not having
insurrection of Cashmere. That "happy
valorously as it has withstood wars
sustsined them of its own spirit or
was always Affghan who held Cash-
Sikh, or Sikh who contested with
Cashmerians themselves being food for
a' for combat. So it has proved in the
In-DEEM.
is the same feeling of security,
same symptoms, which emboldens
India, not only to persevere in
itish contingent from Lahore, but in
army in Scinde from 15,000 to 7,000
eduction is, in all probability, pre-
final abandonment of that territory,
such an awful item in the Indian
Although Sir CHARLES NAPIER con-
raise the revenue of Scinde from
070,0001., the extraordinary military

charges of the province, independent of the ordinary
military expenses, arc set down at 800,000/. And no
matter what reform, what justice is demanded of Cm
Indian government—even in the flagrant find onerous
caso of the salt duties—ihe mouth of the poor or the
just petitioner 'is infallibly stopped by the enormous
outlay of Scinde.
We are, however, now glad to see symptoms of
governor-general acting upon one fixed and provident
principle of both policy and finance. These last
movements and orders render manifest the idea that
is dominant, the policy that is to be followed out.
It is sincerely to be hoped, that uo untoward event
will occur to derange or disappoint such calculations.

Tim charter of New Zealand has received the
approbation of her Majesty in council, and is hence-
forth the palladium !t is framed• fr a
bold and generous spirit : it is worthy of the intellect
of Britain, enlightened by. the reflected lights of two
hundred years of colonization on a scale of magnitude
attempted by no previous nation.
'the charter and the new commissions and instruc-
tions to the governors appointed under it, derive their
authority from the act passed in the last session of
parliament, and are in strict conformity with its pro-
visions. The shorter repeals that of 1840, and
creates powers, municipal, legislative, and adminis-
trative, for New Zealana. The instructions under
the royal signet and sign manual exhibit the constitu-
tion of the colony "in all the detail in which it has
been possible to prepare it in this country." One
commission appoints Captain GREY Governor-in-
Chief of New -Zealand, and Governor of each of the
two provinces into which the islands are, pro teen re,
to be divided. The other appoints Mr. EIRE Lieu-
tenant-Governor of these provinces.
The municipal administration is the basis of the
whole system. Every district settled by colonists of
European birth or origin is to be erected into a
borough ; every borough is to elect a common council,
from which are to be chosen a mayor and a court of
aldermen. The common council, besides electing the
magistrates to whom the local administration of the
district or borough is confided, are also to elect mem:;
hers to serve in a house of representatives, forming
one of the three estates of a provincial assembly. The
whole of New Zealand is to be divided into two or
more provinces, and in each of these laws will be made
for the province by the House of Representatives, a
Legislative Council, and the Governor, who together
will constitute the provincial legislature. As there
are many topics of general concern to all the inhabi-
tants of New Zealand, respecting. which some uni-
formity of legislation and administration will be
indispensable, a General Assembly of the New Zealand
Islands shall be holden by the Governor-General.
This General Assembly is to be composed of himself
and of a Legislative Council and a House of Repre-
sentatives ; but no one will be a member of the Legis-
lative Council of the General Assembly who is not
also a member of one of the Legislative Councils of
the Provincial Assemblies; neither will any one be a
member of the House of Representatives of the
General Assembly who is not a member of a Provin-
cial House of Representatives.
The charter provides for the creation of a Gover-
nor-in-Chief of New Zealand, a Governor of each of
the two provinces immediately to be established, and
a Lieutenant-Governor for each. But for the present
the same person has been appointed Governor-in-
chief and Governor of either province; and one other
person Lieutenant-Governor of either. To the Go-
vernor-in-Chief it belongs exclusively to correspond
directly with the Secretary of State for the Colonies,
and exercise over the Lieutenant-Governor the same
authority and control that the Secretary of State
exercises over him. The Governor-in-Chief is to fix
his own place of residence, according to his own
estimate of the greater or less demand for his pre-
sence in one or the other province.
In legislating for New Zealand, the home govern-
ment have been mindful of the extreme liability to
error to which all are exposed when acting in reference
to a state of things so remote from their observation
and from their own personal experience in the busi-
ness of civil administration. They have, therefore,
studiously provided that the adaptation of the act of
parliament and charter should be transferable to those
who can bring the greatest amount of local knowledge
and the best opportunities of ascertaining the state of
public opinion among the colonists, to the discharge
of that duty. The New Zealand Act authorised her
Majesty to delegate to the Governor-General the filling
up of all the various details of the scheme, the broad
outlines of which alone were drawn by parliament.
Her Majesty, by the advice of her present coun-
cillors, has gone still further, and virtually placed in
the hands of the New Zealand settlers the determina-
tion of their future destinies. " Provision being
made," says the Colonial Minister, in hie instructions
to Governor GREY, " for establishing the municipal,
the legislative, and the executive institutions of New
Zealand,: there is a virtual accomplishment of all
that is necessary for its future government. From
these institutions will flow all subordinate powers,
judicial, fiscal, magisterial, or of whatever other
nature they may be. The respective legislatures will
progressively mould these derivative organs of govern-
ment into such forms as the exigencies of society will
require." For this reason the minister passes
over in his instructions to the Governor-General

zany topics of the greatest importance to the
future good government of New Zealand. " Such
are the administration of justice, the management of
the revenue, the education of youth, and the provision
to be made for public Christian worship. On these
and similar questions I think it better await than
to anticipate the deliberations of the legislative bodies
about to be convened in New Ze,dand,ft
On two topics, however, oi vital importance, Lord
GREY treats explici4 and fully in his "Instructions,"
though there was no place for them in the legal docu-
ments—what relates to the settlement of public lands,
and to the aborigines of New Zealand.
The Australian Land Sales Act is repealed as far as
relates to lands situated in New Zealand. There are
no statutory regulations on the subject; the Queen
is entitled in right of her crown to any waste
lands in the colony, is free to make what rules she
sees fit, and has accordingly authorised the governor
to alienate such lands. The crown has not admitted
the absurd doctrine that a native population, never
estimated so high as 200,000 souls, can have esta-
blished a right of property to the whole soil of
islands not much less extensive than the British
Wands. A right which the natives did not possess
they cannot convey. As the pretensions of particular
tribes to large tracts of waste land have to a certain
extent been admitted by successive governors, the
crown will not interfere with these arrangements;
but any further surrender of the rights of the crown
is to be avoided. With a view to the establishment of
an equitable system of land disposal, the ownership of
the land in the colony is to be ascertained ; the extent
and limits of the property of individuals, corporations, or
native tribes, are to be determined; the whole re-
mainder of the territory is to be declared royal
demesne; the results of the inquiry are to be regis-
tered and a regular record preserved. " The power of
the crown over these lands," proceeds Earl GaEY,
" should never he employed for any purpose of pa-
tronage, influence, or favoritism ; the crown shall not
be at liberty to make a gratuitous alienation of any
extent of land, however small, except with a view to
public works, in which the whole society have more
or less immediate interest." All lands are to be dis-
posed of, after a careful survey, by public auction.
The land revenue is to be applied, in the first place,
to defray the expenses of the crown land depart-
ment ; the surplus is to be devoted to the introduction
of manual labourers from this country, unless where
the exigencies of public service may render the appli-
cation of it to other local purposes indispensable.
With regard to the aborigines, the customs of the
New Zealanders, even when repugnant to our own
laws, if not at variance with the principles of
humanity, are for the present to be maintained by
government in all their dealings with one another.
Particular districts, to be called the " aboriginal dis-
tricts," are to be set apart, within which such customs
shall be observed. The " provincial districts" are to
be entirely divided into the municipalities above-
mentioned. In the former, the chiefs or others,
according to their usages, are to beallowedto interpret
and administer their own laws ; the latter will be the
seats of courts and magistrates, and of other institu-
tions requisite for the government of civilised men.
With an increasing British population. with the
advance of the natives in the arts of civilised life, and
with increase of the use of the English tongue, and of
mutual confidence between the races, the provincial
districts will gradually extend into the aboriginal,
until at length the distinction shall have entirely
disappeared.
Such is the outline of the liberal and equitable

1 the Sntlej, and 'a
1 Jummso and in
, that, in making i
iwe should have exp
kind of sovereignty
41; \ on the contrary, b
I.' sanctioned what is
East,—an empire a
t ,
address.
The grand motive
tary and an indep
& ' ,
. that they are irrevc
cacao from the Mal
1 they have been opf
pressed in turn. 11,
the Affghans ; and,
; .
their old jealousy
1
expedition against
proof, not only sho
foes as allies, but di
the sight of Sikh an
together. No circi
an effect as this in
of such chief 4 as I
that the Mahommc
,1 1 „ aided the insurrec
valley," often and 1
and sieges, never s
resources. It was
mere against Sikl
Affghan, the Cash
ri tribute, not stuff fo
i li ease of EMAN-000-
Doubtless it is
prompted by the
i ; ( the Governor of 1
recalling the Briti,
111 , i reducing the arm
men. This reduc
paratory to n fin
'll i 1 which forme suet
i budget. Althorn
trived to raise
I i 94,0001. to 270,(
r '. 4.,
1 \
1 •