The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-13 00:00:00

bt Court.

ARDVERIKIE, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. B.—The Marquis
and Ilarchioness of Abereorn arrived on a visit to her Ma-
jesty. There was no other iuldition to the royal dinner p Arty.
The Duchess of Kent arrived at her residence,
Clarence House, St. James's, at half-mat one o'clock on
Saturday afternoon, fmm Frogmore Home, Windsor. Her
Royal 11;gliness left town at twenty minutes before three
o'clock on her return to Frogmore Home.

Despatches for the Governor of New South Wales
were sent off on Saturday evening from the Colonial-office.
DOVER, Sery.l2.—H.lll. packet Onyx arrived this
afternoon from Ostend, and brought the Dune of Cambridge,
aetempanied hy the Baron Knesebeck. HAIL will sleep
this eight at Birmingham's Ship Hotel, and start to-morrow
by train at eight for London.
The Duke of Nassau and suite embarked on Satur-
day morning at Blackwall pier, on board the General Steam
Navigation Company's mail steam ship Giraffe, Cu route to
his palace at Biebe•rich.

OPENING HER MAJESTY'S LETTEILS.—One of the
persons employed by the Southampton postmaster to take
the Isle of Wight mails from the steamer to the office has
been suspended. He says he found a letter addressed to her
Majesty, from Osborne, open on board the steamer. How
the mail bag, the pouch in it, and the letter, all came open,
the lad must, it is thought, know. Of the four letters re-
ported to have been received in Scotland which had been
opened and re-sealed nothing is known at present.
Tile SANITARY COMMISSION.—Mr. Henry Austin,
C. 8., has been appointed secretary to the commission for
inquiring into the sanitary state of the metropolis. Mr.
Austin has for some years specially devoted his attention
mientiflcallv to the remedies required, and has for some time
Pest acted *as honorary secretary of the Health of Towns'
Association.

DIFFIcULTIF.B OF A NOBLE DUKE.—Within the
last few days a great sensation has been caused in ens of our
English counties by • series of legal proceedings, of the most
rigorous nature, taken against a noble duke. His grace hoe
himself, with a portion of his family, hurried off to the con-
tinent, and is not expected to visit England again for several
years. The princely establishment of the noble duke is com-
pletely broken up. An attachment bas been laid on his per-
sonal effects, wherever they could be come at. His peels of
hounds, and even the poultry in his yard have been attached
by the creditors. The liabilities for which these proceedings
are taken are said to have been chiefly contracted doing
his grace's marquisate. The parties at whose suit the pro-
ceedings are taken are a wealthy Jewish firm in the metro-
polis, remarkable for the magnitude of their monetary trans-
lations. It is confidently stated in private circles that a
noble earl, who recently received the aid of the duke's in-
fiance in a memorable electioneering contest, is the holder
of hoods for loans to his grace to the large amount of 50,0001.
—Olserrer.
JENNY LIND AND SHANSPEARE'S HOUSE.--We are
informed that Jenny Lind has expressed her willingness to
nag for the benefit of the fund now raising for the purchase
and appropriation of Shalupeare's house, provided that the
uningemint for her performance be made in some town
abets she his not yet been heartl.—Atheruettos.
REPORTED FORGERY UPON A DISCOUNT HOUSE.—
It has been rumoured in the City, during the last day or two,
that the name of an eminent discount firm has been forged
%certain bills, but as yet the amount is imperfectly known.
—o6scrver.
COSTS IN COUNTY COURTS.—Sir,—Observing an
ankle in your newspaper of the 9th inst., headed " Charges
the County Court.," I am anxious to correct any erro-
neous impression which might be oecesioned by the insertion
lithe letter there mentioned, and will endeavour to explain
the amount of the fees in the case referred to. It will be
seas by the Small Debts Act that on the issuing of the sum-
monses the following charges are made :
Yee fund being 1-Nith portal the debt 6s. 10d.
Judge's tee for snmmons ls. td.
Clerk's fee on entering n:sint and issuing summons 2s. MI.
Bailiff's fee for service el. 10d.

The mount charged ou issuing summons lla ed.
The mania of fees charged on the hearing are :
Julge—llearing without a Jury 7s. 6d.
Order 25.
Clerk— Mu* le. Gd.
Order .._ la CAL
Turf COES . . ......... •.......... .....
tandf—Calling CRAM OL 6d.
&twice of order Oa Lai
.. Fees on twins out order I la. 10d.
+Lectors it appears c:ear that the charges of Ilc Bd. for
awamone and 11a. 19d. for order are correct so far as they
I% end the only doubt upon my mind is whether the officers
nrthe county court alluded to have charged enough, as in
'cols courta the judge has 2s. as well for order as the judg-

meat, and the clerk the tame ; but the only motive I had in
writing wee to prevent any impression conveyed by the letter
inserted from working any injurious effects, not that I wish
to advocate the county courts, being in some degree a loser
by them amongst others. The insertion of this letter you
ran make if you think proper, if It I. sufficiently explana-
tory,—Joux Neaten Cum:ll,4lex, King's Lyynnn, Sept. 10.
EAST SURREY HEGIBTRATION.—On Saturday,
Samuel Cross Fish, Req. and John Deedes, Esq.,_the bar-
risten appointed to nein the voters in the election of
a Knight or Knights of the Shire for the eastern division of
the county of Surrey, appointed to hold courts for that pur-
pm* on the 20th Mat., at the Town•hall, Reigate ; 21st but-,
Court-house, Croydon; 23rd inst., Court-house, Kingston ;
24th inst., rench Horn and Half Moon Inn, Wandsworth;
27th Met., Horns Tavern, Kennington; 28th inst., Vestry.
hall, Camberwell ; and 30th inst., at the Workhouse com-
mittee-room, Great Rumen-street, Bermondsey : at each
of which the lista for the parishes, precincts, and townships
next contiguous will be taken. The overseers are required
to attend with the original notices of claims and objections
' served on them, and to remain in court during the revision
of their respective lists.
APPOINTMENT OP TWO HOUSE-SURGEONS AT ST.
THOMAS'S HOSPITAL.—Two house-surgeons have been ap-
pointed at St. Thomas's Hospital, reader the new arrange-
meat/ which were made at a general meeting of the various I
officials. It seems that the house-surgeons will be selected
annually. They will be provided with rooms and commons
in the hospital, free of expense. The appoiantents will Nis
awarded to gentlemen who have most distinguished them-
selves
as dressers. They must be members of the Royal Col-
lege of Surgeons ' and either licentiates of the Society of
Apothecaries or graduates in medicine. The selection for
this year has fallen on Mr. H. T. Hartnoll and Mr. J. W,
Hubbard. In future, therefore, a qualified surgeon will al-
ways beim attendance whensudden necessity requires his aid.
Cuator's HOSPITAL.—Sir,---My poverty alone
hinders me from becoming a governor of Christ's Hospital,
for the express purpose of instituting a searching and appa-
rently necessary inquiry into the prevent state of that noble
charity : but, amongst the list of upwards of 500, some one
will surely be found who possesses a sufficient interest in its
good government to inquire into the truth of the various re-
ports in circulation concerning its maladministration, to the
great injury of the pupils and distress of their parents, chiefly
widows in a state of poverty. I can procure no authentic
account of the rues and regulatious, and a mere list of the
governors costs half-a-crown. The cemplaiata are as follow :
I. Insufficiency of food, producing scrofula, spasmodic
asthma, itch, sore or scald head, ophthalmia, and other
diseases of the eyes, in hundreds of cases; 2. Insufficiency of
clothing, unsuited to the various seasons of the year, pro-
ducing innumerable distressing diseases, many terminating
in death. 3. Insufficiency of recreation, an equally fertile
cause of bodily and mental incapacity. 4. Insufficiency of
discipline at table, while at play, and while in their dormi-
tories; so that small boys are left entirely at the mercy of
their elders. 800111 children are blessed with constitutions so'
strong as to thrive under the smallest quantity of the
coarsest fare ; while others sicken, pine, and sink under any
unfavourable change or diminution of diet. Surely, then,
the scale should be liberally adapted to the general, and not
parsimoniously to the several. If the funds cannot afford
better and more plentiful food, it can be proved, and then a
reduction of the scholars must take place. I hear that there
are only 18 masters to 900 children, or Ito 60! If this be
true, I have no hesitation in saying that their strength must
be that of stram.engines,or else their discipline quite a farce,
and the innumerable anecdotes related by the children,
when mot horn* for cure of many contagious diseases, fully
warrant my supposition. I hear much of the high qualities
of the officials, and if the encomiums be true, let them come
forward and disclose the real Mate of the affairs of the insti-
tution and their system of discipline with the pupils, for the
information of their parents and the public, who are deeply
interested in their welfare. I beg, therefore, to suggest that
a statistical account for the year 1816 be speedily published,
containing the most minute information under toe heads of
each separate complaint ; and should those in power refuse
to comply with this request, I shall then make it my business
to proceed in a different manner. The age of corporate
abases is rapidly pasting away.—BUZGANDAZ.
AUSTRALIAN WHEAT.—The vessel Kilmotus, ar-
rived in the docks from Port Philip, has brought, with a
general cargo of Australian productions, 1,030 bags of wheat.
The vessel Malcolm, arrived from Adelaide, has brought
6,090 bags of the same description of grain.
THE CRICKET STEAM-BOAT.—The engineers ap-
pointed by government to inspect the machinery and engines
of the Cricket having completed their investigation, the
Thames police, who were appointed to take charge of them,
have been relieved from this duty, and the wreck, his
been handed over to the steam-boat company.
FAIR IN WIIIrECIIAPEL, AND INTERRUPTION OF
THE CHURCH SHlLVlCS.—Yesterday ra large body of police,
under the command of Inspector Scott, were ordered on duty
to the Tenter-ground, Goldman's-fields, in consequence of
extensive preparations having been made fur holding a fair
on that spot, which, although intended to commence on
Monday, and to continue till the subsequent Thursday,
would, but for the active exertions of the police, have vir-
tually begun on the Sunday. The police arrived at an early
hour in the morning ; but even then a large number of shows
and extraordinary animals arrived, and the service was in
terrupted by the noise of preparation. The Rev. J. Lyons,
the officiating minister, sent out during the sermon to re•
quest that there might be some cessation of operations, at
least during the time of service ; but these remonstrances
were unheeded, and in the afternoon the ordinary service
was suspended, but was resumed in the evening. Many
thousands of persons were present during the day ; and it is
expected that this day (Monday) the place will be visited
by large numbers of persons from the eastern parts of the
metropolis. Notice of the intention to hold the fair was
publicly given on Thursday, and, although the inhabitants
greatly object to it, they have been unable to prevent it, on
account of the necessity of giving fourteen days notice of
their intention to suppress it b 7 the magistrates, and the
notice will not take effect until at least a week after the
holding of the fair. Owing to the exertions of Inspector
Scott, and the police force under his control, no depredations
were committed, nor were there any flagrant breaches of the
peace, further than the interruption and discontinuance of
the church service.

----
FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE RlCER.—Yesterday
morning a young man and two or three females were out in
a small skiff on the river: when off Mr. Chandler's steam-
boat pier, owing to the strong breeze, and, it is alleged, want
of skill in the parties is the boat, the vessel suddenly turned
overboard, and the whole of them were immersed. The
cries of the people id the water brought several persons to
their assistance, but, notwithstanding that every exertion
was made, the young man who had charge of the skiff was
carried along with the tide, and disappeared. The females
were saved, and refused to tell the name or address of the
young man whose life has been lost.
FATAL STEAM-BOAT ACCIDENT. TWO LIVES
Lost.—On Saturday night, between the hours of eight and
nine, an accident occurred, by which the live, of Wilson
Emery, her Majesty's swan-keeper, and Drill-sergeant
Paton, of the Scots Fusileers, were sacrificed, occurred on
the river about midway between the Nine Elms and Pim-
lico piers. A party of non-commissioned officers belonging
to the Grenadier Guard., and another of the Scots Furileers
of the same rank, had made a rowing match for a sum of
money. The wager was to come off on Thursday next,
and during the put week or two the men have been out
upon the river training. On the day in question the Scots
Fusileer crew, eonsiouse of Drill-sergeant Paton, Corporal
John Smith, Corporal Hatton, and Corporal Boy, had been
training up the neer, and on their return home were joined
by Wilson Emery, who acted as cockswain. On arriving
nearly opposite Messrs. Cuban's new pier they were alarmed
at finaing a steam-boat close upon them. They immediately
commenced pulling with all their force, hoping to get in front
of the vessel, but unfortunately they had miscalculated
the speed of the steamer, which wucrossing the river to get
to her moorings. The consequence was, that the steamer
struck one of the oars of the smaller beat, and in en instant
she turned bottom upwards, and all in her were precipitated
into the river... Cermet' Smith, Haeton, and Boys were
enabled to save their lives by holding on to the chain in front
of the steam vessel, until they were taken off by a water-
man, bat Emery and Drill-sergeant Paton were carried
along with the tide, and, although the spot where the acci-
dent happened had been dragged throughout the whole of
yesterday, neither of the two bodies, had been recovered up
to six o'clock last evening. The steamer was one of the iron
boats, named the Matrimony. The parties who were saved
attribute no blame whatever to the persons who were navi-
gating her. It is note little remarkable, that about two
o'clock the same afternoon, Emery and the Grenadier crew
had a very narrow escape of being drowned. Shortly after
puling Hungerford-bridge, their boat turned over, and on
that occasion Emery was saved by Charles Campbell, the ex-
champion of the river. The other parties were picked up
by the watermen who put off from the shore.
FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—On Saturday fore-
noon an accident of a fatal character took place on the line
of the London and North-Western Railway, about half •
mile on the London side of the Bushey station, by which •
young man named William Anstey, employed in the erec-
tion of the electric telegraph, lost his life. The deceased had
been engaged in passing the electric wires through the
poets, and was crossing the up line with his face to London
as the quarter to eight train from Birmingham was approach-
ing. The deceased bad not gone many yards before the
train, which was proceeding at a rate of not less than forty
miles an hour, came upon him with • velocity which hurled
the body of the unfortunate man forty or fifty yards in ad-
vance.
It fell in the centre of the rail, and the entire train
passed over the deceased without even touching him. The
chief of the locomotive department was on the engine at the
time, and gave immediate orders to stop the train. This
being done, the body was discovered about a mile in the
rear, and it was immediately examined by Dr. Reding, of
Euston-square, who was • passenger. Pulsatioa had not
ceased, but the doctor pronounced life extinct. Blood was
streaming from the nose and mouth, Lut there were no ap-
parent marks of external injury. The body was removed to
the Bushey station, where it awaits a coroner's inquest.
ACCIDENT FROM FALLING FROM AN OMNIBUS.
Yesterday afteinoon, between four and five o'clock,
two men who were riding on the roof of one of the
cheap omnibuses running from Hungerford-market to Cam-
den-town, being in a state of intoxication, as the vehicle was
passing St. Martin's-church, rolled off. One, named J.
Bennet, a smith, living in Hart street, Long-acre, pitched on
his head, the hind wheel going over him. He was carried
to Charing-cross Hospital, and on being examined by the
house surgeon, it was found that ho had sustained such
severe injuries that kis recovery is considered extremely
doubtful. The other person escaped with some slight injuries.

- -
EXTENSIVE ROBBERY OP PLATE.—On Saturday
Mr. Burns, an auctioneer, of Stratton•street, May-fair, came
to town early, and requiring breakfast, the butler was in
the act of preparing it, when to his astonishment he dis-
covered that the various bags in whick the spoons, tea: LA,
and ether articles had been deposit..d, wero missing, and

wooden models left in their stead. As might be expected,
an inquiry was set oa foot, but the under-hutler, who haa
charge of the property, was not to be found. Messengers
were sent to Vine-street station, and on Inspector Wall, of
the C division, arriving at Mr. Burns's house, some of the
duplicates of the stolen property (in amount about 2001. )
were discovered. Subsequent information proved that the
under-butler had decamped, and the electric telegraph on
the Birmingham line was immediately pat in requisition.
FIRE NEAR FITZROT-BQUARP--OR Saturday Morn-
ing, shortly before five o'clock, the private residence of Mr. T.
Burke, situate at 25, Oralton-street, liizroy-square, was dis-
covered to be on lire. An Llama was raised, and after some
trouble the inmates were aroused, but not before the sta;r-
case was wrapped in flames, so that it was with great diffi-
culty the residents effected a safe retreet. The escapes be-
longing to the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from
Fire, as well se the parish engine, and five of the London
Brigade, and one of the West of England Company, soon
reached the scene of conflagration. No time being lost in
setting the engines to work, the firemen succeeded in getting
the flames extinguished before they had time to extend to
the adjoining property. The damage done is very consider-
able, but fortunately the building and the furniture were in-
sured in the Phoenix and County offices. A spark from •
lighted candle is understood to have been the cause of the
disaster.
MYSTERIOUS DEATH OP A BROTHER OF THE
CHARTIK-1101:86.—It is the custom of the Charter-house to
close the kitchen for a month every year, and to oblige some
of the brothers to leave the establishment during that period,
on an allowance of about 10s. per week, to find food and
lodging for themselves until the re-opening of the kitchen. A
few days ago, Francis Albany James Hargraves, aged 69, in
compliance with this custom, left the establishment. lie
took a "msll lodging at a bookseller's in Maiden-lane, Covent-
garden ; and last Tuesday he was found to be in a dying
state, and quite speechless, by the servant of the house. An
immediate communication of the fact was made to the
Charter-house authorities; and one of the brothers visited
him, fle died on Wednesday morning at 8 o'clock, having
remained speechless up to the last minute. On Thursday
last he was conveyed to the Charter-house in a coffin, already
screwed down; and on Saturday morning buried. No
coroner's inquest was held, and the affair was evidently
hushed up as south as possible. It is known that he took
deeply to heart his temporary ejectment from the Charter-
house ; and it is to be feared that he took poison. At all
events, the manner of his death was of • nature demanding
an investigation by the coroner. The deceased was • bar.
riater ; he had once held a situation in the House of Lords,
arid was nominated to the Charter-hale by Lord Lynd-
hunt. He was the son of the celebrated Hargraves, who
was Recorder of Liverpool many years ago, and who edited
the " State Trials." The deceased was, moreover, Dr.
Parr'a favourite pupil, and was an elegant classical scholar.
—Sunday Paper.
INQUESTS, SATURDAY. THE EXPLOSION ON
BOARD ?fir CRICIEPT.—Before Mr. W. Payne, at the Veil-
try-hall of St. John's, Horselydown, on the body of a woman
unknown, but supposed to be one of the sufferers by the
Cricket steam-boat explosion. Thomas Ferguson, a Water-
man, deposed to finding the body. The dress consisted of •
black bombazine gown, chocolate coloured apron with white
spots, dark jean stays, which were torn up the right side, and
the front bone of which was broken in half, stockings, Ade-
laide boots, and a cap, but no bonnet. There were
no initials or marks whatever on any of her clothes. The
pocket of her gown was turned inside-out, and in her bosom
was found a cotton purse, containing three penny pieces.—
Mr. William Mirkin, surgeon, said that he saw the body on
Friday evening. On examination he found • very severe
bruise on the right side from the lower part of the abdomen,
extending down the thigh and the upper part of the right
leg. This bruise was the result of a violent concussion or
blow from some very large body. It must have been from
one blow, not a succession of blows. The brui-ea were ie-
tlieted before death, though the injury was not sufficient to
have caused death. He had no doubt that the immediate
cause of death was immersion in the water.—The coroner
suggested that the deceased might be one of the bodies, and
the surgeon announced that, from the nature of the injuries,
he thought they had been caused by an explosion, such as that
•f L.° Cricket steamer. The inquest was then adjourned.—
DEJTITUTION.—Before Mr. W. Payne, at the West London
union workhouse, West-street, Smithfield, on the body of
Stephen Waekett, aged &i, • labourer.—W. Pym, 276, City-
police, said that on Tuesday evening last he was called by one I
of the porters of St. Bartholomew's Hospital to a man then
in the waiting room, brought in by two strangers, who had
picked him up in the street. He had been seem by the sur-
geon, who said he required no medicine; all he wanted was
food and rest. The deceased was removed to the workhouse.
He was quite unable to walk or stand without assistance.
He shook like a person suffering from the ague. He said
he had had nothing to eat during that day but a email piece
of dry bread, and he had just come out of the country from
trying to get employment at haymaking. G. Farrow, the
night porter at the workhouse, said that he admitted the
deceased about eight o'clock on Tuesday night, and seeing
him very weak he asked him if he wished to see the doctor.
The deceased replied, " No, he only wanted rest, and he
should be better in the morning.' On being pressed he
drank a little tea, but ate nothing. The witness took him
into the refuge, and gave him two woollen rugs, which he
wrapped around him. He visited the weed al times
during the night without observing anything particular ;
but on visiting it about half.past 6 on Wednesday morning,
he found the deceased tensely's, and breathing very hard.
Mr. Hutchinson, the surgeon to the union, was sent fur im-
mediately, who had the deceased removed to the infirmary,
where mustard poultices were applied to his chest, but he
never recovered his sense., and died at 10 o'clock the same
morning.—Mr. F. Hutchinson, surgeon, said that he
found the deceased was labouring under all the
symptoms of emus apoplexy, the power of swallowing
was goce, and he was fast sinking. la his op'nion
he died of apoplexy, produced, in this case, by low living
and exposure to the cold. Verdict : " Natural death."—
FATAL ACCIDENT.—Before Mr. Bedford, in the board-room
of the Charing-crow Hospital, es to the death of James Wil-
loughby, aged 32, who met with a dreadful accident at the
United Service Club House, Pall-mall. Oa Saturday week
the deceased, a carpenter, was engaged on a scaffolding
erected over the hall of the club-house. He was going up
the !adder in order to reach this when the man whose duty
it was to hol,l the ladder left it for • short time, when it
twisted over, and threw the deceased with great force on the
stone steps. In his fall a spike caught him in the thigh, and
tore it to the exteut of eight or nine inches. He was as soon
as possible conveyed to the Charing-cross appital, where he
was promptly attended by Mr. Moore, 1. house-surgeon,
but mortification ensued on Wednesday, and he died the
fallowing day, A verdict of " Accidental death " was re-
turned.

SANITARY IM P ROVE NI ENTS.—DRAINAGE.
Sir,—The public safety requires that there should
be an extension of house drainage, that cesspools be pro-
hibited, and that all refuse be washed away from the metro-
polis. The adoption of these excellent arrangements is im.
peded by an insufficient fall in our main sewers, which
empty themselves into the Thames at low water mark, and
are therefore closed by the rising tide ; thus affording time
for deposit to be formed to such vast extent as would have
required 1,600 openings for the removal of the foul and ob-
noxious deposit in one year in Finsbury and Holborn
district alone, bad it not been washed out by flushing
aproragtire.additional fall, many of the outlets of our 'sewers
have been lowered since the removal of old London-bridge;
but the improvement is rendered of no avail so soon asthe tide
rises. To alter all the existing sewers in Finsbury and
Holborn district, accordingly, would require the rebuilding
of more than 300,000 feet of sewer, costing 200,000/. exclu-
sive of the house drains, &c., which would swell the cost to
250,0001. in that one district alone. Levels were taken to
ascertain whether such fall could be given to the sewers if
rebuilt at the lowest level, as would secure the passing of the
foul matter with the common run of water; but it was
found that the utmost that could be obtained would be the
cleansing of one-half the sewers." This extract from an offi-
cial report of Mr. John Roe, quite establishes the fact that
no proposal which involves an alteration of our present
sewers, can be adopted, even supposing the cost and the
breaking up of all our thoroughfares did not preclude it.
The following are the other proposals, which have been
made for improving the drainage
Secondly,—That a sewer should be built on each side of the
Thames in the bed of the river, all the mouths of the present
sewers to be brought into close connexion with this new
sewer, and thus the Thames to be preserved from pollution.
This plan would require the new sewer to be sufficiently
large to receive all the immense floods which occasionally
pass into the Thames through the existing sewers, the
diameter of the Fleet-ditch being alone twelve feet. It is
difficult to conceive how a sewer could be secured in the
loose bed of a river, much lean one of thirty feet diameter.
In addition to this, there is not fall enough between London-
bridge and Woolwich to allow of the arrangement.
Thirdly,—lt has been proposed to take the liquid refuse
from the sewer before it reaches the Thames ; to pump
it over handpipe columns, 200 feet high, for the purpose
of forcing it into the country for distribution over the land.
This plan, without any increased drainage, would require
every acre of land to take 100 tons of liquid annually to
the extent of 1,000,000 acres, lying contiguously in the
different localities, and, according to Mr. Hawkesby's evi-
dence, there would be involved (at a distance of 12 miles)
an expense of 2,500,0001. a year. Should extension of
drainage double the quantity of refuse, then double that
sum would have to be annually paid. Within seven miles
of the metropolis, little demand for liquid refuse could be
expected, because, according to the evidence of the con-
tractor, Mr. W. Thorn, the solid manure which leaves the
metropolis cannot be half consumed within seven miles.
The liquid refuse which is now wasted in all the surround-
ing villages, could be conveyed on to the land at an expense
of Id. or 2d. per ten, whereas, if taken from a London
sewer, the expense would be fel. for the twelve miles per
ton. The works which would be required in town would
also lie very objectionable, the area within a mile of the
Thames being already so crowded that the working classes
arc almost unable to obtain any tenement near their work
at the dock., &c.
Fourthly,—The latter objection equally applies to another
proposal ti relieve the 'Thames, viz., to have reservoirs in
the metropolis for converting the fertilising portions con-
tained in the refuse water into manure. To accomplish this
it is necessary to dry it with a very moderate heat, or else
the valuable qualities are destroyed, and the sites which
would be required would have to occupy many acres. An
experiment was not even allowed to be made in a remote
past of Westminster. The expense of the necessary sites
and works in town would far exceed the expenses of the
works r.eceseary to remove all the refuse into marshes down
the river, there to be used as a liquid, or to be precipitated
and made into a dry manure.
Fifthly,—The proposal to relieve the Thames from all im-
purities at present flowing into it, which deserves more con-
sideration than the foregoing, is one emanating from Mr. T.
Cubitt, c.c., to construct one or more sewers under the pre-