The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-22 00:00:00

----.7--=....—..--e------___
that money in their pockets, which under pretence of
carrying on the government, an aristocratic ascen-
dancy lavishes on poor relations indled captains
Such being the case, it is not surprising that a por-
tion of the public should show itself more disposed
for an anti-taxation than a suffrage extension agita-
tion. We published on Thursday the proceedings of a
Liverpool Financial Reform Association, at a meeting,
over which Mr. R. OLADSTONZ, brother of the ex-
Secretary of State for the co►onies, presided. Its
objects are a more equitable distribution of the bur-
den of the state; substitution of direct for that
indirect taxation which fetters or turns into un-
natural channels the industry of the people; retrench-
ment; together with some minor points enumerated.
The feeling which has given rise to this association is
not confined to Liverpool. The plan of a Reduction
and Commutation of Taxes Association which has been
printed for distribution, has been transmitted to us.
The proposed objects are sufficiently identical with
those of the Liverpool Association to denote entire
accordance of opinion in essentials; sufficiently
diverse to mark independence of origin. They are :
introduction of a system of finance which by placing
before the public a careful analysis of the expenditure
of departments, will lead to a better control over the
general expenditure of the state ; a thorough revision
of taxation,with a view to relieve the poor from undue
burdens and impose them where they can be better
borne ; the substitution, if possible, of a property for
au income tax—if not possible, of such an income tax
as will distinguish between income from property and
from industry ; revision of the stamp duties, and
I extension of the legacy and probate duty to real

property.
Convinced as we are of the urgent necessity
of a bold and extensive revision of our electoral sys-
tem, we are the reverse of sorry to see such associa-
tions spring into existence. We do not think they
are likely to dissipate or divert public attention from
the necessity of electoral reform. We believe it im-
possible to concentrate public attention for any time
upon one question, and believe that if it were possible
the effect would be prejudicial. Politics embrace
every question of practical public utility, d
onsthe
mind which can only grasp one or two such queansti
is feeble'and dangerous from itsone-sidednesa Ileonly
is a useful politician who, to the sentiment of love of
liberty on its own account, conjoins respect for liberty
on account of its utility—who values popular suffrage as
a means of procuring economical and efficient govern-
ment, and economical and efficient government as a
means of allowing every citizen to apply and develops
his talents safe from violence and injustice. If all the
people thought of nothing but suffrage extension, or
of nothing but financial reform, public opinion would
dwarf and dwincle ; but when every citizen, accord-
ing as his tastes and talents prompt him, chooses one
or other walk of public utility, and all spare some-
thing of sympathy and occasional assistance to others
in their respective walks, then and then alone we have
a nation of men and freemen.
We are rejoiced, therefore, to see men like Mr.
GLADSTONE, whom we can scarcely expect me yet to en-
tertain our views respecting constitutional organisation,
coming fiirward to exert themselves in a field of
public utility wherein we can cordially co-operate
with them, and yet not abate our labours in another
equally essential. After all, the great object is to
obtain good government. If Mr. GLADSTONE and'
his friends can help us to obtain it without elector al '
reform, we shall not refuse it on account of the
agency. And if, as we believe, it is unattainable i
without the interposition of electoral reform, the
earnest struggle upon which these gentlemen are
entering, will practically teach them the necessity of
electoral reform, and make them more entirely ours.
Let liberals then by all means be active in the
mentality financial reform alike by the instru-
of associations like that of Liverpool
in which that object alone is pursued, or
that of Birmingham in which it is conjoined
with other aims. The cry of financial reform has
often been raised in this country, but never with such
an appearance of correct understanding of the ques-
tion, and earnestness in the resolve to have it tho-
roughly sifted, as now. The measures which the
Liverpool association, the projected association, to the
prospectus of which we have referred, and thinkers
more or less isolated throughout the country, are urging
upon parliament and the public to this end, are charac-
terised by a comprehensiveness, minuteness of detail,
and familiarity with the principles of economical
science, that have never before been witnessed.
The clearness with which the parties who have
spoken out see their way, their numbtra, and their
general distribution through all localities and all classes,
are guarantees of victory at no distant date.

e uponsivestigetions as we have Mega
to make, that not only their conditio
lf, n, but the condition
acted of
the interior of the metropolis itse is powerfully
on and depressed by the suite of the extensive marshes and
drained laud in their immediate vicinity. These influences
have long been observed by medical practitioners in the subur-
ban districts. Thus, Mr. Bowie, whose range of practice has in-
cluded Poplar and the districts to the east of London. con-
siders the puts of Essex adjoining London to be healthy in
summer • but during winter the most unhealthy of any
plasm he knows anywhere near are metropolis sta lis. After •
rainy period, and during the drying up gnn
moisture of the marshes, marsh fever, scarlet fever and
of
other analogous diseases prevail. The neighbourhOod
Wanstead, itself a clean village, inhabited by highly respect- I
able inhabitants, is uniformly unhealthy in the end of autumn
and in the spring. The overflow of the river Roden, which
happens to some extent every . year after the snow of
winter, and after heavy rains in summer, always
causes on the subsidence of the water an outbreak
or an aggravation of marsh diseases. The agricultural
labourers of Essex are rarely free from rheumatism.
Influenza prevailed extensively there, and does so every rar•
about the same season. On the occurrence of an east tested,
there is always an increase of catarrhal and febrile diseasst
in London, which Mr. Bowie attributes, in a great measure,
to the wet and miasma from these marshes. The
result of many years' experience has led M
the Bowie
a decided opinion that the drainage of marshesto
loform the
east of London is. next to the improvement of the sewerage,
the most tmportaid measure for the improvement of the
sanitary condition of the metropolis.
The report goes on to describe the state of' the
northern and the Surrey suburbs, and the sanitary
effects on London of their nndrained marshes. Now,
is it right that the insotion of suburban localities
should be able to neutralise all the good effects of
metropolitan activity ; or again, that the City of 1.011-
don, which, by the way,naturehas made the outfall of
a very much larger drainage area, should be able to
stand in the way of the drainage of outlying dis-
tricts ? And how are localities to be prevented from
acting the dog in the manger to one another, but by a
central authority? Guarded and limited it ought to
be, and must be : but centralisation to some extent for
sanitary purposes we must have.
A sub-committee of the Health of Towns Associa-
tion drew up and distributed a number of questions
with regard to the sanitary state of towns, and have
published within the last few days a very striking re-
port on the answers received. To the question,
" What is the present sanitary state of the town of
—." they received answers from 65 towns, out
of which the sanitary state is said to be good in only
one, tolerably good in nine, in foot is described as
improving, bad in thirty-three, nd very bad in
eighteen. The questions were addressed to the
leading medical men in the various towns, to clergy-
men, to the secretaries of the branch health of towns
associations, or the most active members of them, and
in many cases to persons holding official situations;
and the answers received are, it is stated, in most
instances, accompanied by a declaration that they are
founded on personal knowledge.
Another of the questions asked was : " Is the town
prepared to entrust the local authority to make at
once the whole outlay required for its sanitary im-
provement, without any supervision or control ?" The I
committee thus report on the answer to this question ;
and we shall be curious to see the answer of the City
of London, which is placing itself foremost in the op-
position to Lord MORYETII s bill, to the onslaught
made upon them in this extract :
When it is asked whether the town is prepared to intrust
the local authority with power to carry out the unitary
works that may be required, without supervision and con-
trol, the answer returned is "pee" in only one instance,
doubtful in nine instances, and in fifty-two, the townsmen
say,' that supervision and control are indispensable ; that
without the exercise of these, little or nothing will be done ;
that what is undertaken will be imperfect in the execution,
inefficient, and unnecessarily expensive ; and that ato soundal
and sufficient sanitary act, while it should give loc I
authorities the execution of local weeks, and f-
the expend
ture of money raised by local rates, must zanies provision
for some effectual and general supervision and control.
In the justice of the verdict thus returned by the townsmen
themselves against the general management of the local au-
thorities with reference to sanitary works, and their compe-
tency to conduct these works without supervision and con-
trol, many . of theme authorities themselves, as we are in-
formed, distinctly acquiesoe ; others roe Violently opposed to
supervision ; and es might have been expected, those of
i them whose mismanagement, considering the powers and
means which they command, has been the worst, are the most
clamorous against any kind or degree of efficient inspection
or interference. And first, and foremost in this rank, is the
corporation of the city of London, who after all the evidence
I given by medical men, all the evidence of the mortuary re-
gistration, all that had been set forth in the several official
reports, make the following deliberate averments :—" In
cm:elusion, we trust we may be allowed to hope,
that the citizens of London have not suffered from
the exercise of powers committed to us for so
many years by your court under the authority of
the leeisiature, and to expres. our deliberate conviction that
the city al London, for health, cleanliness,
its effective dtantsrain-
age, lighting, and for supply of water to inhabi,
cannot be surpassed."—[Ezfract rom Report of Commis-
sioners of Sewers for the City off London, April 12, 1847] I
Here, these corporator' assert—not that the city is not sur-
pased but that it is unsurpassable; that it cannot be sur-
passed in health, and yet between the years 1838 and 1844,
upwards of 58,000 children were destroyed in the city, who
would not have been destroyed if the rate of mortality had
been the same there as in one outlying district, Lewisham ;
and that district far from being a model one. In the
Lewisham district, out of 1,000 children,females
living under five years of age, 47 died; and
out of 1,000 women living at 45 Rai under
55 years of age, 16 died ; whilst is the East and West Lon-
don district, out of 1,000 children, females under 5 years of
age, 104 died; and out of 1000 women, liorporatving
or' declare
at 45 and
under 55 years of age, 25 died. These c
that the jurisdiction of the corporation of the city of London
is no'. to be surpassed in effective drainage ; the sewers of
which accumulate decomposing refuse, and emit pestilential'
smells, the City itself being described as a city of cesspools.
They declare that the corporation jurisdiction is not to be
surpassed for its cleanliness, whose by-lanes, court", and
alieys, have been the subject of general complaint for their
flith, and in no respect better than they of Whitschapel and 1
Bethnal-green. They declare that the corporation is not is
be surpassed for its supply of water, whose only supplies are
intermittent, and on the system now generally condemned as
pernicious as well as extravagant. While a good and unli-
mited ree
supl of water is furnished to
eek • two or th story
house atp Noty tingham for Id. per w, in the City of Lon-
don a bad ate' nigg irdly supply is provided to the poorer
classes at six times the price. They exprees a confident hope
that the citizens of London have not suffered from the exer-
cise of the powers committed to them for so many years, I
whereas nothing can be clearer, from the evidence 1
of competent witnesses, tha that the in
nothabitants
ave
of their jurisdiction, whether or , h
suffered and will continue to suffer fey the exer. I
cise of the powers in their hands, even if the exer. 1
else of those powers concerned the inhabitants ot the city
only. But the corporation jurisdiction forms a part only of
the natural drainage area, and their powers stand in the way
of the sanitary improvement of the drainage of the houses of
a great majority of the iehabitants of the metropolis as well
as of the inhabitants of the city precincts.

THE sittings of the National Convention have been
resumed, but there are already symptoms of a split,
and there is every reason to believe that this pack of
vain, ignorant, and, we fear, not very disinterested
men, will soon lose even the unsatisfactory power of
making themselves, and the cause they profess to
have at heart, supremely ridiculous. The nonsense
they talk is as rampant as ever, but the rock upon
which pretended patriotism is sure to go to pieces,
may already be observed a-head in the shape of someat-
little differences of opinion upon pecuniary m
ters, and a shortness of that dross which
is the indispensable pabulum of the mere
trading agitator's eloquence. The avowal has
been üblicly made that the sitting ot a hundred
men in the convention, or in the national assembly,
will cost three hundred pounds per week, and the cof-
fers available for these legislators of John-street,
Fitstoy-square, are already in a state of exhaustion.
There is a pretty plain indication that the motto of
the convention charlatans, instead of being "No
cure, no pay," according to the liberal stipulation
for of
medical quacks, amounts to "No pay, no cure,"
the wrongs of their unfortunate patients—the
people. Vie ought not to be greatly sur-
prised at the spirit with which the members of the
convention have gone to work, when we find that
their salaries amount to three pounds per week each,
which will afford no very insignificant remuneration
for their services. It would, indeed, have been a
capital job for any one of these would-be demagogues
if they could have succeeded in getting the sittings of I
the convention declared permanent—at ten shillings
per day for every delegate--until the charter was
into law, a result that the fooleries committed
grgel ignorant and conceited conclave would be sure
to postpone to a very distant period. If the per-
manensy of the convention had been decreed upon the
terms proposed, it would have been equivalent to
offering the members an annuity of about 150/. each
for the whole of their natural lives, and this would
have been, no doubt, considerably more than the ma-
jority of them could have earned by any more honour-
able means than talking a quantity of inflammatory
balderdash. The money is, however, beginning to
run short, and the enthusiasm of the martyrs is sen-
sibly diminishing.
There is no surer mode of vanquishing the heroes of
the convention than to show them on Saturday night
an exhausted exchequer with a consequent dearth of
means to pay their salaries. Even Mr. CUFFAY would
rush back to his shopbcard, or throw himself upon
the charing abilities of Mrs CI:FFAY for support, it he
should tind the convention no longer in a position
to "club up.' for his patriotic services. That the
animus of the members is not wholly free from
a mercenary tinge, may be gathered from the fact
that when one of their colleagues professed
himself sufficiently independent in his circumstances
to work without pay, there was such an outcry
against him that he walked out of the hall of dele-
gates with disgust, and it took no little coaxing to
bring him back again. An intimation that no man
who was not paid by his constituents ought to be
allowed to sit in the convention, displayed a disposi-
tion to organise a strike among the pat'iots if their
wages were not forthcoming from the pockets of their
employers, the people. The member who could afford to
sit gratuitously, became suddenly so unpopular that
he was clearly considered as deficient in that
esprit de corps which is so desirable among a set
of men, actuated by a common wish to advance
their common interest. The design on the popular
pocket would, however, have been too transparent, if
there had not been some modification of the opinion
expressed upon the conduct of the individual who
was prepared to give his services gratuitously, and the
objection was smoothed down into aprotest against any
member of the convention being paid by one indi-
vidual. The instance of Mr. O'CosNort was cited as
that of a member who took nothing for his services
in the convention. But it would not be difficult to
prove the popular services of Mr. O'CONNOR to be
anything but gratuitous.
The discussion, brief as it was, upon the pecuniary
prospects of the convention, and upon the chances there
members have of getting their three pounds each p

put, our our great political movements in England
have come from the pocket. HAMPDEN was a
martyr for ship money, and the proposal to in-
crease the income-tax has raised the dormant
patriotism of many a snug citizen. This is a text on
which it will be useful for the conservative majority
in the House of Commons to meditate. When they
see the middle classes in Nottingham, Bimiingham,
and elsewhere, making overtures to the working
classes—proposing to fraternise with them—let them
1 reflect that this is no imaginative zeal, no poetical
dream suzg, strd by classical tirades about repabli-
catism. k a deliberate, calculating, truly conserva-
I tire movement—a step taken with a view to keep

Y. . re.o
'l, g t%,s't • i
. A
THE EIPRE ►SY AY EVE , APRIL' VA 'lB4ll.

.----:.:L-----^'--.-----
week;should open the eyes of their dupes to the real
l 1
motives with which many of the noisy demagogue
advocate prinCipTis for which they really care little or
nothing. If the intereett of the working classes are
to be honestlF promoted, it will not be through the
agency of gentlemen who make a trade of iiolent
declamation, and who are directly interested in the
wishes of the people remaining unfulfilled.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY, 11 A.M.
To the report of the great manifestation of yester-
day, supplied in my two despatches of the morning
and the evening, I have almost nothing to add. The
estimate of the numbers which I gave agrees
exactly with the reports of this morning. It seems
that the prodigious number of 300,000 men were
actually under arms in Paris and &filed before the
Provisional Government at the Barriers de l'Etoile
yesterday. This immense promenade commenced
before the tribunes in which the government were
seated at half-pest 10 in the morning, and terminated
at about half-past 9at night.
The form of the standards is novel ; the staff is ter-
minated in a gilt spear-head, under which is a me-
dallion with the Gallic cock in relief, and under this
again an oblong plate bearing the initials It. P.
(Republique Francaise) also in relief. The banner'
are the usual tricolor, blue next the staff, white
in the middle, and red at the ecl.se, made of
the richest silk and edged with gold fringe. On the
banner is embroidered in gold a wreath of oak leaves,
with the words " Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite,"
having ' Unite in the centre.
The account of the Bank of France for the week
ending last night appears in the Mimiretrr. The fol-
lowing are its details, in juxtaposition with which I
have placed the account of the preceding week :
Situation of the Bank of France to the evening of
the 20th of April, with the corresponding items of the ac-
count of the preceding week :
April 20. April 13.
IMMO.
67,900,000 0 ... 67,900,000
Capltal
Berens
Reserve in real property
Bank DOM, in eireulstiun ...... 293,000,300 0 ...293,796..00
150. Branch banks 15,223,50e o 15,741,000
Bilis to order
Account current with Treasury 36,8+0,363 93 ... 43,977,428 4
Direr. accounta current
Receipts payable at aught
Radirelaint uf last 726,692 37 ... 725,692 3
Ineidends payable 254,041 25 .. 261,991 2
Insacauits, aundry interesta,enden-
mins 3,160,479 2 ... 3,107,0r6 Si
Alrpers ISank
66,,
22702 93
3 09
Drafts of branch bunks
Sundries

500,852,749 30 506,466,745 34

Cclo,loll. P. C. r.
Coin and ingots
Oath In the bransh teaks
Bills over due 21,899,104 9 ... 11,6311,517 17
Bills ihscounted
Advanors on bullies 4,475,100 0 ... 2,684,990 0
Advances on French public funds 11,466,881 90 ... 11,632,182 90
Due by the branches for their notes
in circulation 15,222,300 0 ... 15,741,000 0
Mock forming memo 10,000,000 0 ... 10,600,000 0
oc dotty-sable funds
Bank.kbuildings and furniture 4,000,000 0 ... 4,000,000 0
Interest i Adel'. Bank . 1,000,000 0 ... 1,000,000 0
Interest Inn National Discount Batik 200,000 0 ... 290,000 0
Dishonoured bills, or to be reim-
-9,162,600 23 ... 9,410,749 0
bursed
Bill., given by Russia for stock pur-
chased
Epennesof management 419,467 40 ... 419,502 30
Suxndt
dies
Avanied the state on Treasury
ns to 50,000,000 0 ... 20,000,000 0
bo
------- --

...
500,852,749 30 ... 506,466,745 34
(Signed) D'ARGOUT, Governor.
The troops of the line which were brought into
Paris for the purpose of yesterday's demonstration
have remained, and are to continue in Paris.
The speech of Lord Brougham in the House of
Lords, explanatory of his demand for citizenship, hen
elicited the following from the Journal des Debuts:
To answer Lord Brougtam we shall content ourselves to
place him in presene• of citizen Brougham. The latter
writes to the Mayor of Cannes: " My dear Mayor.—Will
you name me as one of your deputies ;" and to the Minister
of Justice of France: "As I desire above all things the
happiness of the two countries, and their mutual pesce, I
have thought it my duty to give the proof of my confidence
in French institutions to encourage my fellow-countrymen
to rely on them as I do."
Lord Brougham hail much better hold his tongue, he
only gets himself further into the mire. We need not laugh
at him ; he has his full share of this in England.
The curious episode of the Rue de Rivoli, which I
sent yesterday, and the Bureau of Terrorists which
has been there established, has gives rise to the fol-
lowing, which we take from 12 Assemblee Nationale:
At about seven o'clock three person., two of whom
were negligently dressed, and wore eel cravats—three
Montagnards--entered our offices with great noise, and in a
menacing manner. They presented us • letter from theto
Citizen Sobrier, bearing a large red seal, saying that, as
the Contia de Salut Public, if it redly existed, every one
would understand that the journal would not speak so ithad
done. The Assemblje Nationale adds :—"The e litor who
rf ceived the three emissaries of the Citizen Sobrier before
witnesses, offered to introduce them to the person who gave
the information, but they formally refused. It will
he remarked, without doubt, that Citizen Sobrier
does not deny the arrest, but he complains that
we have misrepresented the sense of his actions."
The same journal, in its evening edition of yesterday, pub-
' fishes a letter from M. d'Avion-Ferrand, the person who had
given to it the information about the scene in the Rue de
Rivoli. The writer declares that his account was true, and
says : " To-morrow (Friday) I will present myself at noon
at your office, to meet the terrorists. You can apprise them
of this." He adds, that the person who was arrested by
Sobrier's man declared himself, in Sobrier's presence, to be a
foreigner. The Courrier Francais BMWS that' the officer
I who was arrested by the national guard on Wednesday, and
who had his epaulettes torn from him, was the secretary of
WSobrier. He was distributing copies of the Commune de
Paris, the journal of which M. Sobrier is the editor.
Government is beginning to show some firmness
respecting the clubs. In answer to a deputation from
the Democratic Club of the 6th legion, the Mayor of
Paris delivered an address, in which he expresses the
firm determination of government to repress the
abuses of the liberty of discussion which the club
system is giving rise to.
A club of the National Guard has presented au ad
dress to Government demanding the repression of the
abuse practised by M. Ledru Rollin in issuing incen-
diary bulletins without signature from the Ministry
of the Inferior. This practice, had, however, already
received a severe and dignified rebuke from one of
M. Ledru Itollin's colleagues.
M. Ledru Rollin falls from day to day into worse
odour.

GERMANY.
PRUSSIA .—We have reoeived the German jour-
nals in due course. Our correspondent, writing from
Cologne on the 19th, says
" The Berlin Zeitung Halk of yesterday contends,
in its leading article, that Prussia ought to send,
without delay, some 40,000 or 50,000 troops to Schles-
wig Holstein, in order to carry on the war with spirit.
and to put an end to it before the unavoidable one
le& Russia commences. It is argued that both
France and England will have quite enough to do
with their own affairs, and will not interfere between
Denmark and Germany ' • that if the former will go
to war it will not be for Denmark's private interests,
but for the independence of Italy ; and that the latter
is still labouring under grievous burden of the na-
tional debt incurred by, its the
last war of interference.
The writer of the article in question says nothing
about Prussian Poland : but it is quite certain that
Prussia jut now can spare neither money nor troops
enough to send 40,000 men to Schleswig-Holstein,
whilst it is obliged to keep up quite as large a force in
Posen. Prussia must give up its portion of Poland—
a portion which "got by must beby blood main-
tamed ,"before it can wage war,either with a clear con-
science or with undivided might, in behalf of Schleswig-
Holstein. Prussia, on one side, refusing or delaying
to acknowledge the nationality of the Poles, and, on
the other, claiming the German nationality and inde-
pendence of the Danish duchies, is playing a double
game, which may lead to a double loss.
The new Prussian diet which will assemble in
Berlin on the 22nd prom., will be composed of 401
'Members. It is calculated that, excluding criminals
deprived of their civil rights and persons receiving
alms from public sources, there will be more than
I three millions and a half of primary electors above
24 years of age, and about 2,916,000 persons above
30 years of age who are eligible to the post of deputy
to the diet. The number of electors in the second
I degree—that is to say, such as having been first
I chosen by the primary eleetorv, choose in return the
members of the diet—is about 32,000, so that there
will be a deputy for about every 40,000 inhabitants
(taking the population at 16,112,938, according to
the census of 1846), one for aout ever 8,728
electors in the first degree, and obne for about every
80 electors in the second degree.
The club of Berlin has issued a protest against the
introduction of more troops into that capital, and has I
declared that it will look with distrust on the
tary, and particularly on their officers, so long se I
they are not sworn to protect the acquired and plea
raised liberty of the people. The club sees in the
recall of the military a concession made to the retro-
grade party, who, it is asserted, hate and fear the I
people more than the Russians or the Danes.
The officers in garrison in Aix-la-Chapelle have
forwarded an address to the president of the council,l
begging of him to appoint a commission to delibe-
rate on the reforms required iu the army, such as the
political equality of the military with other citizens ;
the obligation upon them to take an oath to defend
the constitution when it is fully established; the ap-
plication of the civil law, as a general rule, to
offences on the part of the military, a better division
of the pay of the officers, and an increase of pay for
the young sub-officers and privates; the abolition of
the tribunal of honour; and the free election by the
officers of a commission of four members who, toge-
ther with the commander, shall decide by a majority
upon questions now brought before that tribuna.
The Allyeineine l'reussisehe Zeitung publishes a
royal ordonnance, authorising the establishment of
public loan-treasuries (wherever branches of the Bank
of Prussia exist), and the issue of notes by such
treasuries. Money will be advanced on all kinds of
property and goods. The notes will be taken for their
full value in all public institutions, but they will not
have a forced currency elsewhere.
Volunteers from Berlin, Cologne, Hanover, and
other large places, are proceeding almost daily to
Schleswig-Holstein. During the last two day 400
have gone from Cologne alone.
A royal ordonnance has just appeared in Berlin,
appointing. privy councillor,l)r. Patow director of the
new ministry of commerce, trade, and public

works.
The Cologne Gazette of this night (dated for to-
morrow) states that the Prussian troops were to have
entered Schleswig yesterday, even if the lianoverian
cavalry had not arrived—orders to that effect having
arrived from Berlin. Prussia, it is added, has threat-
ened Denmark with an invasion of Jutland, if the
latter make any hostile demonstrations against the
Prussian ports on the Baltic.
The above journal states that up to the 15th
anarchy still prevailed in the duchy of Posen. The
commissary of the Mogilno district has called all the
Polish inhabitants to arms for their country and their
religion. According to the Breslau Gazette the
armed Poles had come into collision with the Prusien
troops in Cerniejwo Kumik and Nekla ; and in other
places had committed gross excesses against the Ger-
mans. The Polish army is stationed at Wreschen.
General Steinacker has threatened to bombard Posen
if any movement be made there. The Breslau Ga-
zette states that Pleschen was to have been boas-
barded on the 15th inst. It is asserted, however, lel
other journals that the armed Poles have dispersed.
The statement that a number of Poles, who had
fled into the duchy
.of Posen from Russian-Poland
(under the impression that the two races in that''
duchy had fraternised in order to wage war with!
Russia) were attacked and cruelly ill-treated by the
Prussian hussars, as well as by the Jews of Laldsczyn,l
is fully confirmed. Ten eut of the twenty-eight Poles
(all landed proprietors in the " kingdom" of Poland)
were shot by the hussars, and ten others wounded.
Their horses were sold at Bromberg, and their money
and valuables taken away from them. The surviving
Poles, with the exception of two or three who crossed
over again to Russian-Poland, were sent to Thorn as
prisoners."
The Berlin Staats Zeitung furnishes later intelli
genre from Posen than that given by our correspon-
dent. .The Posen Zeitung of the 17th contains a pro-
clamation made by Gen. Colomb, for the purpose
of refuting the statements of the Polish organ
( Gaeta Polska) respecting the excesses of the soldiery. The proclamation states that excesses were committed
against a body of Landwehr, on its return to Schroda,
ball being fired at them. Gen. Willisen has also
published a proclamation, in which he says that as it
is impossible for him to answer severally all the de-
mands made to him from those districts of the duchy,
inhabited chiefly by Germans, respecting the proposed
reorganisation, he takes the channe l of a public
proclamation to declare that the reorganise.
tion, in a national sense, intended by the
Prussian government was never to have been under-
stoo as one in an exclusively Polish, but also in a
Gerd man sense, and that consequently no arrangement
can be made in which the German inhabitants are
likely to be led in any way to a change in their go-
vernment. A supplement of the same journal con-
tains a further important proclamation from General
Willisen, in which he says
I rejoice to be enabled to bring to the cognisance of the
nubile, as it has been decided by the King, with the cogni-
.ance of :the ministry. that the national reotganisation
of
the Polish population of the prorates will not be extended
to those nortums of the Grand Duchy in which Germans
are in greater number than the Poles. It is also the will
the
of
the King that those peculiarly German portions of
duchy shall forthwith he incorporated with the Germanic
confederacy.) Thus the proportions of each nationality
will be more fairly divided, and each will enjoy, in its own
sense, the advantages of the proposed reorganisation. The
line by which this separation is to be mate can of course
only be accurately fixed when both nationalities are sub-
jected to their legal authorities. ( Orgarte.) All those dis-
tricts, however, which are at present incorporated in the
German confederacy will not be confounded in the prelimi-
nary regulations.
'the Westphalian Mercury states that General Von
Pfuel has been sent on an extraordinary mission to
St. Petersburg, to settle, it is said, the Polish ques-

MADRID.—The Madrid mails of the 16th have
arrived. We learn from our correspondent that the
Duke and Duchess of Montpensier had leR for Aran-
juez, en route for Seville, which is named as their
place of exile. It seems that the Queen, having corn-
I plained of the necessity imposed upon her by Nar-
vaez, since the 26th February, of taking an escort
with' her in her daily promenades, Nlontpensier
hinted to her privately that the popular disfavour
against which such escort was designed es a
protection was directed against her ministers and
not against herself. Narvaez wormed this out of
Isabella, and sent off the imprudent duke and his
eon sort.
A decree has been published for the construction of
six steam-ships. The machinery is to be made in
England.
___.-----_

LOMBARDY.—The advices from Milan, which
come down to the 13th (not later than what I last
sent), add to our previous news some details not with-
out interest. The Provisional Government has pub-
lished a manifesto, addressed to all the powers of
Europe, in behalf of oppressed Italy, and directed
against Austria.
- The Picdmontese army was still in position along
the line of the Mincio, occupying both banks of that
river. The Austrians had retired to the Adige.
Charles Albert was apparently waiting to be reinforced
by the 20,000 Roman and Tuscan auxiliaries, which
were expected daily from Ferrara and ItociFo under
General Durand°. The advance of eight Neapolitan ,1
regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, and sixty)
pieces of artillery, in aid of the combined forces of the
crusaders (as they are called) was officially confirmed.
Since writing the above the Turin mail and that of
Milan have arrived, but their contents are without
importance. Charles Albert, by an ordonnance dated
head-quarters, Volta, April 15, has ordered his navy
to adopt the Italian tricolour flag, viz., green, white,
and red, with the shield of Savoy upon it.

tion.
AUSTRIA.—Oar dates from Vienna are to the 16th.
A courier from Italy had arrived at the palace, bring-
ing news of a battle gained by Radetzki. There
were apprehensions of a serious demonstration either
en the night of the 16th or on the 17th.
A "monster meeting" of operatives promised for
the 16th had not taken place. In various parts of ,
the city the national guard had been under arms dur-1
ing the day, and every precaution had been taken to
preserve the public peace, which had not been dis-
tnrbed. The news of the ridiculous termination of
the chartist meeting in London had been received,
and had already had some effect by inspiring con-
fidence in the respectable portion of the people.
An address to the burghers from the " Juridische
Politische-sereiu" had been posted on the walls,
telling the burghers,
have been invited today to meet it rolses. What
do you want Who are the meu who hale called you toge

By the Levant mail we have received further
letters from our correspondents at Malta to the 14th,
and at Constantinople to the 7th. Great agitation
was produced at Constantinople lar the arrival of the
news of the revolutionary movements in Europe.
The English firm of Lafontaine and Co. bad stopped
payment. There had been a great demand for money
at the exchange of Constantinople

then? They would inflame your passions and mislead yen.
Fellow-oountrymen, the constitution is prepared. and will be
published in a few days. The freedom of the prsss
granted. A numerous national guard watches over you-
liberties ; your representative' are watching them in the
German parliament. An Austrian parliament wall met
assemble, to which all your wants and wishes sae
be referred. In that parliament the imperial pledges melt
be carried out by the ministers. What more do ru
quire? What is to be gained by meeting in thousands.jj
is your duty to see that order be preserved. Remember the*
disorder has ever been the grave of freedom; by it you may
lose all and gain nothing. Countrymen ! we are on the
good road of progress. Liberty and order for ever' An:
tria expects that " every mesa will do his duty."
Another address invites the people to beware of the
" foreigners" who are inciting them to evil deeds.
The general bases of the new Austrian constitution
were given by us yesterday. The following is the
official statement
1. All the provinces are constituted into one boar, with
the exception of Hungary, Croatia, Sciavonia, Siebeibergtn,
and, for the present, the Italian provinces.-2. The divieion
of the empire shall remain as it exists at present. The
person of the Emperor is seared and inviolable—C. The Eta.
pear has full power over the land and sea forces, and the
right of making war or peace.-6. Treaties of every descrip.
Lion with foreign powers can only be made with the sanction
of the two houses of parliament.-6. The attribute
of mercy and the right of bestowing rewards belong
to the Emperor ; but mercy cannot be extended el
the ministers without the unction of the parliament-7,
The laws are to be administered publicly in open
courts by verbal pleadings. and trial to be be jury. The
judges will be appointed for life.-8. All projec3 of laws are
to be proposed as well as sanctioned by the Emperor.-9,
The Emperor will aasemble the parliament annually,and hi;
must call them
e: gether at stated intervals. lie hat the
his peers.—"il
right to prorogund dissolve them.—So. Freedom of me
ligion, speech, the press, petition, and public mveting
grunted to every citizen, subject to future laws.-11. Entire
liberty of conscience and religion.-12. The free exervise of
religious worship is accorded to all Christians and Jesrs.-
13. All citizens are equal in the eye of the law,
and every citizen shall be tried by
The responeibility of the ministers will be Teet,',
lated by the Diet.-15. The legislative power is in the hands
of the Emperor and the Diet.-16. Two houses of ports.
meat are to be constituted. The qualifications tot members
of the upper house are birth and large landed property;
and they are to be nominated by the Emperor. blembersof
the Lower House are to be chosen from all classes, in ordez
that every interest may be represented.-17. The two hostess
have the power to project laws and receive petitions.-16.
All laws require the sanction of both houses, particularly
those relating to the expenditure, taxation, finance. and the
tales of public property.-19. A law will be framed for the
organisation of the national guard. The law of election it
only provisorial, and will be settled by the
be
parliament.
Amendments of the constitution can only be proposed by
the Diet.
The Vienna Gazette publishes an article in which
it states that, in consequence of the formation of a
responsible ministry in Hungary to which the ma-
nagement of the public revenue is to be entrusted, the
cabinet council in Vienna has declared the necesrty
for Hungary to take part of the public debt of
Austria. The King has made this known in a note
to the Archduke Palatine Stephen. The same journal
states officially that the council of ministers which
sits daily has lately been occupied with
the formation of an imposing armed force for
the pacification of Italy, the securing th.. metallic
currency is order to hasten this preparation and give
support to industry, and generally for carrying out
with speed the provisions of the forthcoming con-
stitution.
Petitions are flowing in d -mantling the removal
from the ministry of Count Fiquelmont and Count
Taafe, and also that of Count lloyos from the com:
mend of the national guard.
FRANKFORT.—The Germanic Diet, on the 17th,
urged Prussia to nominate without delay a com-
mander-in-chief for the Prussian forces and the tenth
army corps in Schleswig-Holstein. Prince Charles of
Bavaria is the commander-in-chief of the 7th and Bth
army corps. The Frankfort "committee of fifty" has
requested the Diet to allow 600 Poles to pees through
Germany en rotate for Poland.
The Frankfort " fifty " bate sent the Baden de-
puty, Herr Nlathy, to Berlin, in order to urge the
Prussian government to take a decided step in main-
, taming the rights of Schleswig-Holstein.
BADEN.—Siz rioters were arrested at Mannheim
on the evening of the 17th, after one of them, belong-
ing to the republican party, had killed a tradesman's
son in a tavern, where a number of persons were die-
cussing the question of a republic for Germany. The
greatest excitement prevailed during the entire night.
llt appears that Hecker and Struve are still actively
I employed in creating a republican movement, but
without success, at least so the Frankfurter Journal
states. The accounts, however, are contradictory. It
is asserted in the Upper Rhenish Gazette that several
clergymen in the neighbourhood of Kiozig have for-
warded money to the Baden republicans. According
to another paper Hecker has fled to Scff-
hausen, after having essayed in vain to induce the
general of the Wirtemberg troops to retire from the
vicinity/of Donaueschingen, where Hecker states be
had 6,000 republicans assembled. The burgomaster
of the latter place has been arrested. The Freiburg
Gazette seta down at 230 the republican corps which,
after leaving Strasbourg has been wandering about
the Rhine country. Up to the evening of the 16th
they were in the neighbourhood of Hiiningen. The
corps is composed of Germane, Frenchmen, and Poles,
some of whom played a distinguished part in the
Paris revolution.
The Working Men's Association of Mannheim has
issued a circular demanding that the franchise shall
be conferred upon every German of 24 years of age
in the place where he has his residence, no matter of
what part of Germany he may be a native. The
association eomplains• bitterly of the interpretation
given by the Frankfort committee of fifty to the word
Staltsanyeha;riger (belonging to the state) ; an
interpretation which, it is contended, will deprive
about a million of Germans (who are settled out of
their native states) of their ight to co-operate in the
renovation of their common fatherland.
The Mannheim Abenalzeituny of the 18th states that
it was asserted at Basle on the 16th that Hecker, at
the head of 1,200 republicans, had penetrated into the
Black Forest. On the 17th the German legion, from
France, were to cross the Rhine at (lroashuningen,
where they were to be met by the advanced force of
the German legion from Switzerland, under the com-
mand of Hecker. It is added that a number of emis-
saries from the Baden government have propagated
false rumours respecting the dispersion of the "troops"
under Hecker, and the flight of &Clive. NUMerO6B
inhabitanta of Waldshert, Thiengen, and Oberlanch-
ringen (states the Basle Gazette) -have taken an oath
to live and die for the republic ; but it was resolved
not to break out for the present in insurrection.
HAMBURG.—In consequence of the proposal of
Dr. 1). G. Rieper, which has been unanimously
adopted, the city of Hamburg will number 10,000
i
additional electors to the German parliament, nse
much ea the sons of the burghers and inhabitants, eq•
other persons who have attained their majority, will
have the privilege of voting at elections. The pro-
tpoerms :—That eve ffery German ind f Germany shallowingbe
sal to this ect is containe in the 01l
eligible ; that consequently the mode of election. must
be founded on the basis that every German, eithoct
any regard to rank, property, or religious profession,
must be eligible as an elector. By this arrangement
Hamburg alone will have ten thousand additional
rs electo ; and the Bitrzenhalle adds that it will sureall
y.
be no more than a just acknowledgment that
those who owe their privilege of voting to Dr. Ile?t
will unanimously appoint him their representative st
the German National Parliament.

- --
DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.

---
We have news from Hamburg to the e-eaing of
the 18th, and from Rendsbuq, in Holstein, of the
same date.
The probability of an armistice having ben
eon.
eluded with the Danes has been repeatedly mtioned
lately, says the .11,;rsenhally. Such, however, is not
the case, and it is not likely to take place; but we tell
soon, indeed, expect to hear of another battle. No
tarbances have taken place amongst the Danish troops
at Flensburg, and two battalions have been sent from
Schleswig to restore order amongst them. The Duke
of Brunswick arrived at Rendsburg on te 17h by
the railway, and in the evening the town hest Won'
nated in his honour. Prince Reds iwill had left lism•
burg on the 18th for Rendsbarg, and General
MMendorf was expected there to take the command
in conjunction with the prince, of the Prosisn
troops. General Halkett had also gone to
Itendsbmgg
•
A law of election was in preparation at liewisbur
for the purpose of naming members from Schleswig
to the German parliament. The pro the duchiesvisional govern'
mint had proclaimed martial law in . A
conference was to be held at ltendsburg on the 1804
consisting of all the commanders of the German
forces in the duchies, when an ultimate decicion Irsi
to be come to as to who shell have the command in
chief.