The Express.
London, England, 1865-09-04 00:00:00

TORN BROODZIPS EXCELLENTZ BIJOU-
TIRIZODUILANTYMODSLIIII erscuux asaIrABILIQUZ.
J. B. homed been honoured with a IIM.dMS Medal at the Pa,
Ushered hibitkes, aosonspealed by the above Mattering tea.
gensgagi, invitee Use pall& t 0 abillowillaa at kb
001,100 8 sad extensive eseortment of JZVIRLIJI&Y,
masis at ran —JOHN BILOO DEN, Goldsmith. MAIDG.
gags" No. Hearlettantmet, Covent-garden, W.C. UM-
bashed bA 179 L Amos obis et Pair end J ter
inch N.B. This establishment la eland at ain the sad
ea entardays at leelock.

T ,ONDON must have a OZNTLEMAN
.a.,a WIPES and MUSIC ZOOK—. IYANS" inn AlftSed
MOW. Ooacerta.

n'ite erpreoo.

TO 001.11.11P0WDZOTIL
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pew, nark be M the 0800. 10, awaverleeireek W Two
4Osek fa the del of pabOolOko.

NATIIAROT.
TUB TVIRMie, TEI RILNIMS. Mbs May Travers.—
TWA ANGICLO. Mr. W. Mostisaessrt sail Mtn IC. Rodgers.
—and IXION. Messrs. Robins and a M: Mims Maitland,
Robsetsou, Cavendish, Pelham, sad Wm Ryso i.

PR UMS'S.
IVY lEVAILT4TJUI GS LLD VTOOLIMMIUNOL
—ALLAH NA POGUL Mama. D DovaimaS, J. Bir.
H. Venda/dud, D. Fisher, D. Marry, MOM. Madan : D.
Voncloault and Mos IL Oliver.—And _bye
ANPLI APO Y.

BETTANNI L.
THU Ellormi, THE RIDE TO YORK. Mr. T. Drummond.
—The Mellen RATESE'S E.d..Aud THE OONTED DAHMER. IttalLl'Ark.

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l'oatOsao• Morale& lb. Mo..— AltAroos, IA. Ma.

LONDON. MONDAY. SEPTEMBER 4.

A yew weeks since it was reported that the
Porn had at length been persuaded to bring up his
army to fighting strength by the addition of some
four or five thousand men. After going the round
of the European press, this rumour was contradicted
in • semi-official paragraph by the organ of the
Papal Government, and so contradicted as to con-
firm its credibility. The Roman journal desired it
to be believed that the recruitment going on for
the Papal army was nothing more than the regular
filling up of the gaps occasioned by death or dis-
charge in the rank and file of the battalions of his
HOLINE.4B. The truth appears to be, that at a
time when almost every other European Power is
at least disposed to reduce its military expendi-
ture, the successor of Sr. Pass--sole represen-
tative among mortal sovereigns of peace, humility,
meekness, and goodwill—is bent upon increasing
his armaments, and placing his trust, not in legions
of angels but, in legions of mercenaries, the refuse
of foreign armies, and the scum of Austrian,
Swim, and Belgian wineahops. Agencies are
established, bounties are offered, and the hiring
has begun. It will surprise no one, least of all
will it surprise the Papal Government itself, to
find that not one single subject of his I:l°l.mm is
willing to accept service in his army on any terms.
Nor of course will one single real soldier, who re-
spects the profession of arms as a service of
honour and glory, descend to the condition of a
soldier of the POPE.

The question has often been asked, What can the
HOLY FATHER want of an army 1 It was repeatedly
asked when his States included the Adriatic pro-
vinces and the Romagna. It may be asked with
even greater reason, now that the dominion' of his
Romagna have shrunk to the dimensions of the pa-
trimony of Sr. PETER. The smallest German Duchy,
it Is true, keeps souse sort of army, but an army
almost composed of general officers ; besides, every
German State contributes, according to ita popula-
tion, to the army of the Confederation ; wbile the
POPE contributes to the army of Italy nothing but
deserters from his own. The POPE never goes to
war. Even Pius IX., at the height of his popu-
larity, broke with Italy rather than send a man
against the Austrian, because he said Austrian and
Italian were equally hie children—which was equi-
valent to saying that a Fors has no country. He
did indeed show fight when CAvous, in a hurry to
anticipate Gain BALD!, sent a fleet tocapture Ancona,
and an army to occupy the Marches. But after
the experiences of General Laucaucizaz's campaign
it seems hardly credible that even a Minister of
Arms so fiery as M. DE MERODE can contemplate
the maintenance of a force of mercenaries to
take the field against any foreign Power. If there
were anything in the shape of a real Minister of
Finance at the Vatican one might venture to ask
him how be proposes to pay so large an army es
formerly sufficed for a population of three millions
out of the resources of a population of half a
million. The Papal Minister of Finance must
be a tolerably ingenious man even to make both
ends meet, when it is notorious that his govern-
ment is spending annually more than double its
total revenue, and PEzzit's Pence are going
out of fashion even in the most Catholic
countries. There is, in fact, but one foreign
Power with which the Court of Rome could pos-
sibly come to blows, and that Power has bound
itself by a Convention not only to respect the pre-
sent frontiers of the Roman State, but to guard
them from attack. The only conceivable motive
for keeping up an army of twelve thousand men
in a State reduced to a city and its neigh-
bourhood, ;is the employment of it in the
preservation of the public peace, for the
repression of brigandage on the frontiers, for
patrolling the public roads, for keeping order on
public occasions in the streets; and generally speaking
for discharging all the proper duties of a police in
town and country. For this, a force as large es
a couple of Sir R. Marries divisions would be
amply sufficient anywhere in the civilised world,
except at Rome. But when we bear of men
dressed in the POPE'S uniform surprised on the
Neapolitan frontier in company with bandits, and
of notorious bandits living in safety under the
shadow of the Vatican, and disappearing on strange
errands frost time to time, it is slittle more easy to
understand the use and meaning of a Papal army.
It may be hinted that the HOLT FATIUUL is
providing against future contingencies. Against
what or whom ? The Convention of last year
between France and Italy secures his frontiers from
transgression, and applies the principle of non-
intervention to his subjects and himself. Is it to
the contingency of a future rising of the Roman
population against its government that this increase
of the Papal army points f No one, not even Mgor.
DE MERODE, can imagine that any force of mer-
cenaries he may take into bis keeping will be suffi-
cient to repress a serious and determined rising eta
population of a hundred thousand citizens against
a monopoly of five thousand priests. There might
be a massacre, it is true, in the streets of Rome.
but that could have only one of two results, either
the victory of the Government or the victory of the
people, either a triumphant revolution with all its
consequences, or a violent aggravation of the exist-
ing state of things. And in either of these extre-
mities it is clear that the Italian Government
would be justified in self-defame in taking ad-
vantage of its position and its responsibilities to
step between revolution and reaction, and to solve
t►e Roman question in the only manner mem
patible with the peace of Europe.
The best of the joke of this sudden increase of the
Papal army is that the cost of it is confidently ex-