The Express.
London, England, 1851-08-23 00:00:00

more value to the succeeding crop than any dres-
sing or manure. Of this we have rs strik-
ing in-bince under our owe li!.I%IVIWLItiOO, 11111.-
half a a field of clover by having been
folded it night, the 'sheep during the day having
the fang' of the wh,,k, field, the ether half wan
dressed with good manure, and the whole tidal down
with wheat. At this time the growing crop on the
1411101 land promises to yield fully one-third more
than the inanuivd land. There are many first-rate
Eimer's, especially on the strong soils, who are coming
to the opii 11111 l that it answers their purpere better to
keep a smaller quality of feeding stock, and to use
I artificial manures and extra tillage instead of so
(much yard manure as they have here•ofore thought
indispensable. Of come this is only applitublobo
the best classes of farmers, for by far the majority
keep too little stock. To what extent it will pay
the light farmer to feed in the house or to buy wil-
-1 ficial manure, must be a matter for the calculations
of each, and will depend on a variety of coesider-
ations ; but the quantity of stuck permanently kept
011 a term must, for the most part, depend upon the
resources of the farm Ibr providing for them. Ti
breeding stock the board healing plan is altogether
inapplicable, and we apprehend it will not bu ex-
tensively adopted.
Such nutetings as Mr. %chi's; have their use quite
apart front the merits or demerits of his fanning,
they bring men together who might not otherwise
have net, anal they elicit expression's of opinion
which it is wholesome for our fanners to hear. 'rims
Prince Frederick of Holstein, who was a guest un
this rscasion, said s" Many foreigners had enter-
tained prejudires 'ignitest this country, prejudices
weaved to a great extent which formerly excluded
commercial intercourse between Englishmen and
themselves; but these prejudices were now being re-
MOVed." .111iN is more to the purpnce than the KO-
teetionist twaddle with which Essex farmers are
oreasionally amused when they 1111.14 together. And
Mr. Meld himself' made these sound remarks :•-•-" Ile
could not agree with those who surd that the lower
corn was in price, the Ices they should grow." It
was said the land was to go out of cultivation.
Why, when a gins! farm was likely to he vacant there
were ten applicants for it. The farms which would
not let were undrained farms -fines which had no
aecommodati tor the breeding of stock ur were •
crowded with elm trees, the value of which was
only lid. u foot. If he was told there was no money
1111proVe with, he replied thin in all such eases,
the money were not found, either Icy the owner or
the occupier, the farm must pass into other
hands." And this is well enough understood Icy
fanners and landlords, of which Sir James
Graham's recent reply to the application of his
tenants for reductions or rent furnishes§ an example.
Sir James says, that the tenants are at liberty to
Nurreqder their farms, and if he is willing to propose
a new agreement he will notify it within a immut-
able time; but, in the event of 1111 surrender of a
tenant's existing contract, Sir James will timelude
that the present contract is to continue. We have
not heard how many of the Netherby tenants have
accepted the offer; but we doubt whether many will
do so who do not feel that their oecuputiona arc
more than they have means to manage properly.
And this is really the best way of nettling the con-
tracts between landlords and ter ants ; and where that
landlord is ready to give leases and fair tennis in
other respects, a teined. cannot fairly object to an
entirely new arrangement. (In this point
Mr. Kinnear, a Scotch advocate, in a re-
cently published tract, makes mane apposite,
and, to the tenants, useful oleservuti 111 l s. After
stating that the tenants themselves use partly
to blame for "still adhering to the misfiirtune of
their situation,' in allowing the ghost of protection,
now inevitably dead, to haunt and torment them, by
the hope, the impossible hope, of its revival, and so
preventing an adjustment of their engagement's to
altered eireuutstanecs, Mr. Kinnear says ••-" -to what
extent it may be necessary that such modification of
rents should go, it is beyond may present purpose to
inquire. Only this is deur, that it must go in all
future transactisus to such a point us will leave to
the tenant the ordinary rate of commercial profit on
his capital and skill, acid only assign that fret surplus
• to the proprietor in that name of rent. Whit that
• may fairly umeunt to is evidently a twitter on which
the most skilled and experienced can lay down no
general rule. Every case: must depend on its own
special circumstances, anal of these none but the par-
' nes interested are entitled, or indeed awn, judge."
And he add*—" nut snout it is undeniable that high
prices enable large returns to be drawn from the
I hind, and since west palpably the tenant share's not
in them, the question tunics to he—who dote '.'
7 That is the real question, anal the time has come
when it must neither be shrunk from being
put, nor be suffered to remain unanswered, and the
• answer plainly is—the landlords. The eomptition
which ruins their tenantry enriches them ; the air-
- plus profits of every new application of skill, of
• every new expenditure of capital, of every rise natu-
ral er artificial, in the prigs: of the produce of the
earth, ve,s into their pockets alone ; by no set of
theirs, with no trouble to them, nor, it is just to add,
of necessity, through. any seeking of theirs, hut WS the;
natural consequence of their per and the in-
evitable result of the laws of eurtinieree." It4w than
are tenants to protect themselves against such rum-
petition? Simply by insisting, first, on rational
stipulations, and offering such rents as on an average
of mac assns and priers they may reavatably expect to
be able to pay, and then requiring to be 'scurf:al by
leases of esenpattent duration. They must enter into
their (reenacts with a reliance on their own skill
and resources, and on the soundness el their b•wriness
!estimates, and not look fur favours and eleemesvmary
allowances from landlords when prices fall, or .there
may lie partial failures of crops; and, ulster, roll, let
them enter into defined and positive engagements
before they undertake their farms. Prieits are 114 W
• settling at about the rates; they will probably range
in ordinary 'seasons, sand farmers founding their ad-
eulatious On lin•sent prices cannot go far wrong.
What they have to take cure of is, not to plate them-
selves at the merty of the proprietors by hiking 11140 s:
land than they have capital to manage, act that they
have such secure tenures as will enable them to get
buck with a fair pro, it the capital they may invest
on their farms. The prescut prospect of the grewing
crops is generally good, though the heavy rules and
stormy weather of the lust. fortnight have dune some
injury to the wheat, where the crops are very bulk'
or the situation exposed; anal the utusettleacstate of
the atmosphere oecusions some anxiety about the har-
lamb But these are the cures whilch basset the hus-
bandman, and are amongst the contingencies against
which he must protect himself by careful and delibe-
rate calculation.

APPOINIMLST To OfiVERNMI.VI' 011,1t:f.s.—By
en act mussel in the late session an alteration is effected au
the appointment t, others held at the pleasure of the crown.
FTAIDI Iftflry VIII. warrants of appointments were neces-
sary to he framed under the great seal ; they are by this act
dispensed with, and the offices of the clerks to the signet
and pricy seal are altolished with comp:mat' to Mt
holders. The duty of the signet office nawaining it to he
performed byp the S. tretary of litate. The Treasury may
regulate the Privy beal Office, and fix the salaries. The
act will take effect on the :41st of lAcertiber next.

STATIeTICS t, PSIti.I.OIEN7sItY
,:urioat paper hss been published with the rotas of the
House of Con:loc., enumerating the Iltveral divisions that
took place during the sessihn of 1451, just clam!. By this
return it appears that the “Ecelesiustleal Titles Assump-
tion Dill " was nut cnly the mist important, but by fur the
mutt troghicsome measure of the session. The numhcr of
divisions altogether amount to no km than forty-eight un
the several rcisdings and clauses. The second greater num-
ber of divisions w.is in committee of supply, which amount
to twenty-eight divisions altogether, is far from an unusual
number, and which is not to Ise wondered at, when the
greet numb.ir of items included in the miscellaneous esti-
mates are tonsil:red, mid when it is well known that in no
other part of the husiir es of the house &TS the Commons
more naturally—and properly--jesdous, than in the voting
of the public money. It is worthy of remark, however,
that notwithstanding these 44 divisions on the !Iva.), 1..44.-e,
nut a single item was altered or cut down from the very
economical and curetal prepositions thst were submitted to
the house from the beellta dlpiltilLsellte of the government.
The third elms of measure. that gave rise to the greatest
number of divisions was the question of admitting the Jew.
to parliament. Besides the divisions on the bill itself. there
was no less then eight ,livishou on the personal case of Mr.
David Salmons, and one respecting Baron liotlsselOW
IJIMIGRANTs AND LIBEILVISib AntICAN4.— Yor
Lentil wrs printed a parliamentary papa •Imminit the
number of immigrants and liberated Africa. admitted auto
the West Indian colonies and Mauritius during the peso
1819, 1140, and Viol. In the three years the total to the
Wait Indies smuslierad 12,616, and to the Mauritius 18,000.
Scam 'were landed at Jamaica dirges from a captured
Maths