The Express.
London, England, 1847-04-23 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 23, 1847.

or by the obserratioes of the noble lord as to the abstinence
of feovernment during the lest hoe years to make this pro-
vision. It may be that it ought to have received attention
earlier, but if so, that is but en additional reason why we
should attend to it now. it is the prevailing opinion of the
house that it is just and politic to make this provision.
1 do not deny the difficulties and importance of the suaject,
and that protestant, may attend these schools. But I believe
it is generally found that Roman catholic schools are in-
tended for the education of Roman catholics only; but if
any of these schools are intended for a joint education, is it
just on your part that the principle of exclesion should be
applied to them (Hear, hear.) I may be told that it is a
violation of principle to aid iu any way the teaching of reli-
gious error ; but my belief is, that you are more likely to
soften the minds of the Roman catholics—that you will be
more likely to conciliate them towards the I rotestant religion,
—nay, without making any other attempts at couversion than
the enlightening of their undentandiug—that you will be
mare likely to prepare their minds for the reception of the
truths which you yourselves profess—than if you doom them
to perpetual exclusion from civil advantages. (Cheers.)
Would you, in deference to religious principles, prefer
having a sect of uneducated and hostile savages in the state,
to having the Roman catholic, educated under your own
eye e ? (Cheers.) I am persuaded that it will net only he
fur the civil advantage of the state, but for the ad-
vantage of proiestmoism itself that you should pro-
vide—without any compromise of yrnciple—for the
intellectual and secular education of Roman catholic
children—(hear, hear) ; for probably th it secular education
is all you will be called on to give ire the caw of schools
kept. exclusively for Roman catholic,. I beard the right
how. gentleman the Secretary of State (Sir O. Grey) with
great satisfaction, for it appeared to me—seeing a temper in
the house which was not
.expected—that his speech held out
a greater hops of an artier settlement of this question than
I was led to entertain tram the preceding speeches of the
member, of the government. I quite understand the
difficulties which encompass the subject, and the dif-
ficulties with which the government havo to con.
tend, and the danger of a failure of their efforts,
and I am ready to admit that in order to secure not only the
ultimate good, but this present imperfect one, it is wise, in the
present state of public opinion this couatrv, to proceed
with caution and hesitation. (Hear, hear.) fut I wish to
'erre,* my opinion, that in making this change in the
minutes of council, and in tho system of public in-
struction, the noble lord has engendered the neces-
sity, in point of justice and of policy, of providing
means by which aid can he given to Romau catholic schools.
(Hear, hear.) I tell my how friend (Sir It. [agile) fairly, so
resolved ant l—l see au great an evil, and think it no impor-
tant that an immediate remedy should be applied—that I
will lw little disposed to throw any obstructions in the way
of her Majesty's government. (Loud cheers.; I think there
is a prospect of passing thin measure. I understand, from
the declarations of the government, that we may rely
on an earl/ consideratian of the Roman cathodes;
and I for one will nut be inclined to prejudice
the consideration of this measure, by any compulsion on the
government to propose their scheme of Roman catholic educe.
t on. (Hear, Lear.) But I call on them, after the declara-
tions that have been made, not to accept the support of any
holy to the preiLnt scheme. under the erroneous impression
that the Roman catholics are to be excluded. (Loud cheers.)
If there is a probability of an early election, it may he more
import int that there should be no enisunderranding on this
subject. (Hear, hear.) And if the government recognise
the principle which I understand them to recognise, let them
freely avow that recognition, and give fair notice to all
patties that, though there may be some delay in preparing
an additional minute, yet that they recognise the principle ;
that they do not mean to take one class of chrtstiene, and
of her Majesty's subjects, and doom them to perpetual ex-
clusion, on accouct of their religious tenets. (Cheers.) I
entreat of persons of all religious persuasions, to look back
on what has taken place with respect to this subject of
education. The want of it in this country arose orieleually
from indifference to the subject. Then it was supposed that
religious opinions would be endangered. That impression
has pasted away, and indifference again succeeded. From
that indifference the dissenting body was the first to be
awakened. They set the example of activity in the cants of
education. They were followed by others, and of late yew'
there was groat activity displayed, but our own religious
differences were the great obstruction to education. (Hear.)
All admitted that education was preached because each body
wasafraidthatsome other body, from whose religious opinions
des, differed, would obtain some advantage. The dissenters
apposed it one day, because they believed the church w mid
gain some advantage, and the church opposed it another day
for fear of the recognition of dissent, but what, in the mean
time, wan becoming of the 800 chit leen who were born every
day, of the 301,000 of our i; tipulation who were in a
state of ignorance. (Lou I cheer..) While we are dally-
ing and squabbling on these points of difference non are
neglecting that which ought to al Christians he a deep sub-
ject of consideration, namely, the enlightment of all in
Christian truth—the improvement of their intellects, and the
teaching of them the principles of that religion in which,
notwithstanding their differences on minor matters, they all
agreed as to the main points. (Cheers.) Sir, I believe that
true chatity, that true policy, and true regard for re-
ligious truth. enjoin on us to lay aside those minor
differences, and to teach the children of all sects
the great truths of Christianity. (Cheers.) I em for • re-
ligious education as opposed to an irreligious one. (Hear,
hear.) Ido not believe that a purely secular education
would be acceptable to the people of this country--(hear)
—that, in the words of the noble lord, it would be only a
half education, the moat important part of which woo neg-
lected. (Hear, hear.) But, believing it to be for the
interest of religion itself; believing, above all, that it
L for the interest of the protestant religion, which
shrinks not from the light which courts inquiry, and rejoices
in the spread of knowledge (cheers); believing it especially
to be for the interest of that Protestant religion, which I my-
self profess, that the people should not be left in a state of
Ignorance, and that by receiving intellectual culture, the
mind would be better prepared for the reception of those
great truths which arc, in the first instance, the foundation
of all religion; and that that religion which meet courts in-
quiry, and most inculcates self-judgment, would be likely to
be molt peanoted thereby ; I will support the proposition of
her Majeety's government. (Laud cheers.)
Mr. PLUMPTRE begged to ask the house in what the
difficulties of this question, of which the n fight hon. baronet
and the noble lord spoke, consisted. The right hon.
baronet knew, and the noble lord knew, that they
arose from no other cause than that the people
of this country were a religious people. (flora.)
He was glad there was no concealment in this matter. The
people of this country would know now what they had to
look for—(cheers)—and would, if he was not much mis-
taken, endeavour to secure true and faithful representatives
of that christian and protestant feeling which prevailed, and
defeat the schema and measures of the leaders on both
Aides. In referring to the condition of any part of the popu-
lation of Manchester, Liverpool, or any other town as a
justification of the course which it was now evident they
proposed, the were proving that they had little regard for
principle. (Laughter.) This might be expedieneg, but it
was not ehristianitj:. (A laugh.) lie called upon them to
take care that in their attempt to educate in all
religions they did not leave themselves open to
the charge of infidelity. (Cheer. and renewed laughter.)
Mr. NEWDEGATE wished to know whether, as the
noble lord had thought fit to take the opinion of parliament
on this minute, he would feel equally bound in any future
minutes recommending plans of popular education, to pursue
the same course ?
Lord J. RUSSELL replied, that in any future minute,'
which should require a grant from parliament to carry them
out, it would, of course, be necessary to apply to the House
of Commons. (Ilene., hear.)
Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, but before the
division took place,
' Mr. T. DUNCOMBE requested permission to withdraw
that part of the amendment which censured the government.
The SPEAKER said that it would be necessary first to with-
draw the amendment, end propose a new one.
Mr T. DUNCOMBE proposed a new amendment, identi-
cal with the former one, except that it did not contain the
words of censure.
Lord DUNCAN having seconded the amendment,
The house divided—For the amendment 47
Against it 3;2-323
On the motion of Lord J. Russell, the debate was than
adjourned until thin day.
The house adjourned at one o'clock.

invaders, and cherished the revenge which before long
he was destined to gratify so fully.
When the universal hatred of the enemy brake out
in the insurrection of the autumn of
.1841, AKIL.IR,

notwithstanding his high birth, scarcely exercised a
nominal leadership over the turbulent chieftains by
whom he was earrounded. By degrees, however, the
ezcrgy and vigour of his character and his irrecon-
cilable enmity to the foreigners, led to a general recog-
nition of some sort of pre-eminence over his col-
leagues ; and he was enabled to tale the chief part
in. the deed fiom which he derives the greater part of
Iris fame and his notoriety. When the incredible
imbecility of the English commanders had led to the
evacuation of Cabul, and yet prevented the adoption
of the only remaining alternative of forcing a way to
Jelledabad, MAIIONIED AKBAR was one of the chieftains
who entered into an agreement with MACNAGIITEN
for the cafe conduct of the arms- to the border of
Affghanistan. Immediately afterwards, with Oriental I
craft, he proposed to the envoy a scheme for seizing
some of the other chiefs who were parties to the treaty.
Sir W. MACNAGIITEN, unfortunately, entered into the
treacherous proposal, which was, in fact, a mere trap
Ifor his honour and his life. At the conference, when
the plot r:a, to be carried out, a counterplot was pre-
pared. AKBAR seized the envoy, and, on his resist-
ance, shot him with his own hand.
It has been the custom, in a portion of the English
and Indian press, to speak of this murder as an inex-
piable crime, and of its perpetrator as a miscreant
and a fiend. Li the few days which followed, he com-
mitted a far greater crime in permitting and aiding
toe massacre of the army which ho }iced pledged
himclf to protect. Tic melancholy history
of the army which perished in the mows of Khoora
Cabal is inseparably connected with his name. On
the 6th of January, 1",12, 17,000 human beings
moved nut of their cantonments, and on the 13th one
man of them arrived, half crazed with fatigue, at
Jellalabad, with the news that the army was anni-
hilated. During this short and terrible interval
AKBAIt was hanging on the skirts of the invader.,
and no doubt exulting in their utter and rapid de-
struction. At an early period of the retreat the
ladies who accompanied the army, and some of the
officers, surrendered to him as prisoners ; and it
must be remembered that lie honourably discharged
the trust of protecting them. From that time till
their release in consequence of Pommel:A invasion,
he treated them with uniform kindness, associating
with them from day to day, and ever. making him-
self a favourite with the ..hildren who were among
his captives. His treachery, however, notwithstand-
ing the palliations which might be alleged for it,
made it difficult to treat with him for the restoration
of the prisoners. While General POLLOCK was
middy g his preparations at Peehawur, lie entered into
negotiations for this purpose, which uniformly failed,l
in consequence of his natural distrust of the promises
of the Affghan prince.
In the mean time Msnomen AKBAR, having re-
coiled with the hordes which had destroyed ELPHlN-
erose's army from the steady valour of SALE and
his little force at Jellalabad, was occupied in
the manner familiar to oriental princes, with
squabbles and intrigues for supremacy at Cabal.
Kinsmen and chieftains, ZENIAN ANIKKOOLLAII, MA-
HOMED Site, and FerrEir JUNG, were fighting
with AKBAR, or allying themselves with him against
each other, from day to day ; but gradually his vigour,
and the great services which he had rendered to his
country, not the less valued, perhaps, for the treachery
that stained them, gave him a certain increasing pre-
ponderance; and when, by POLLOCK'S masterly
*demoe through the Khyber passes, the English '
Aug was again enabled to advance from
Jellalabad, it was AKBAR who experienced
on the field of Teycen the incapacity of
his countrymen to oppose an Anglo-Indian
array under a capable commander. In Mr. LL'AIING-
TON'S able and eloquent work—" A Great Country's
Little Ware"—AKBAR'S conduct is trammed up with',
perfect fairness. It was a crime sot to be
defended on any pretence of patriotism. Yet the
massacre of Jaffa, for which there wus less excuse,
has not destroyed the French adoration for Nsro-
LEON. Blacker treachery for the same purpose has
not prevented the Germans from making a national
Ihero of Aate:et us. Among those who have founded
or extended empires in the cast, there arc few whose
lives are free from similar or worse stains. The Mali-
iratta hero, SEVAJEE, would have done it; ACRES-
, GREBE would have done it ; or to come to those with
whom we have ourselves been connected, TIPPOO or
HYDEr. would have done it."
Since the time of the final evacuation of Affdhanis-
tan, MAIIONIED AKBAR KHAN has not again crossed
the orbit of general liattory ; but the new:; published
by the Indian papers, from their native correspondents
beyond the mountains, has shown that hie customary
activity was still in full exercise. On the return of
his father to Cabal, in consequence of the peace,
AKBAR established himself as his vizier, or principal
minister, perhaps, also, in some degree, as his compe-
titor fur power, Sometimes he was reported to be en-
gaged in a struggle with some discontented chieftain;
sometimes he was intriguing with nr against his
uncles; at Candahar. More often still, he was reported
to be watching an opportunity to recover the key of the
country against Incite and the Punjaub, the old Affghan
possession of Peshawar.
All his schemes have been, it seems, cut short by a
premature death. It is impossible to regret the loss
of an able and energetic opponent, who would pro-
bably have remained through life, as he had shown
himself hitherto, our irreconcilable enemy. England
however, and India, can well afford to do justice even
to those few enemies who have succeeded for a time
in resisting our power. The crimes and temporary
successes of An esaliave rescued him from the oblivion
which awaits eastern chieftains, who hare only assisted
in native struggles, those " Soakings of the kites and
crows." It may be hoped that it 'Anise long before
we give another enemy such an opportunity of ac-
quiring a historical name.

THE House of Commons came to a division last
night on Mr. DCNCOMBE'S amendment. The numbers
show how little impression the more extreme denun-
ciations of the congregatiemilists have made upon
parliament.
To hear the arguments of certain very liberal
members, such as Mr. HUMS and Sir W. CLAY,
ono would suppose that 18t7 was the first year, in
which the subject of education was broached in par-
liament. One would think, that the necessities of
education having become every day more manifest, and
all religious creeds and their professors consequently
more anxious to set aside their prejudices, and agree
in the great task, it only remained for government
to concoct a scheme large, and liberal, and munificent
enough. According to Mr. HUME, the country was
quite ready to support a plan of education, independent
of ecclesiastical considerations and religious sects.
The ministry had but to announce it in order to over-
ride church and dissent. And Lord Joins Russet'.
is very poor-spirited, it seems, for not making the
attempt In the classical language of Mr. Hume,
the characteristic of the whig Premier is, that he
„mss" •
Is it possible that honourable members can so totally
forget, or purposely throw into oblivion, all that has
been laboured and has failed, been done and undone,
on the subject of education for the last eight
or nine years ? Is it not known that the very
first effort to give a few thousand rends to
education, and create a board for distributing
it, was met by the determined opposition of
the tortes themselves? Is it not recorded in
" Hansard" that an administration, of which Lord
Jonst RUSSELL was one, sought to establish in Eng-
land a system of instruction in normal schools, from
which religious teaching would be set apart? Wm
not the effort made to establish inspectors inde-
LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 23. pendent of any society or church? Was it not made
Tits Indian mail announces the death of MA- as evident as any proposition in Euclid, that to
HOMED AKBAR KHAN, a man sufficiently remark- persist in any such scheme, however desirable, was
able to justify a passing notice of the event, simply to shipwreck ar adjourn indefinitely all hopes
even if he had not acquired a permanent place of national education?
in history by his connexion with the greatest mis- Surely every one knows that the English system of
fortune which, for many years, befell the British public instruction, the co-operative system, as it is
empire. AEBAR had scarcely emerged from boyhood called, of the people and the state, was founded in
when the Indian government first threatened the 1839 by a compromise between the two great parties
power and existence of his father, Don MAHOMED, in the country, and that this compromme offers thei
who was then, as now, Chief of Cabul, as well as that only possible foundation for building up any edifice'
of his kinsmen, the other Baruksye princes, who of public instruction.
filmed with him the sovereignty of Mfg • . In In 1843, Sir JAMES GRAHAM made an attempt to
a short time he saw his country invaded and occupied enlarge education, certainly not on the principles of
with no pretext but the right of the strongest; his this compromise. The bill for education in factories
biller was first an exile at Bokhara, then an unsuccess- leaned decidedly and unfairly to the church. It was
fill insurgent in the country where he bad reigned, and met bv the opposition of the dissenters, whops cre
at last the prisoner of Sir W. MACNAGUTEN, who joined' by the chiefs of the liberal party lia-
governed Afghanistan in the name of his contempti- went, and Sir James GRAHAM withdrew his bill in
blc puppet Snan SOOJAH.' In the mean time discomfiture.
MA/103:ED AKBAR kept himself out of reach of the The present government were too wise to follow

71-fte 1-1 1 pregO.

MAILS.
The overland closed motto, rtes Marvelßes, to the Mediterranean,
Bgypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, thing Kong, Ac., will be made op on the
evening of the 24th April.
The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Liobon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibreiter,
will be made un an the morning of the 270 April.
The main for New South Wales, Van Diemen's Land, and NOV
Zealand will be made up on the evening of the 30th April.
The West India mails, excluding those for Mexico, !Redone, and
the will be made up on the morning of the let May.
The overlent mails for Gibraltar. Malta, Greene, the kudos lolanda.
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, llong-liocg, and Chime, via Southampton,
will be made up on the morning (tribe 3rd May.
The malls for British North America. Bermuda, and the Dulled
States, will be made nn on the evening of the 3rd May.,
The mails for the Brazils, the River Plate, Monte ideo, ?crows-
Ono; Bahia, Madeira. and Buenos Ayres, will V
be made up es the
evening of the ith May.

HMI WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
Tzn DAT—Morning, 58 :Bin. put 7 ; Afternoon. 94 win. 9214 a
To-XORIOII-11ornine, 11 min. put 9; Aftanoon, 49 ant. put 9.

say wok example. The scheme which they did
rear was kept within the limits of tho great compro-
mise, was in fact but an extension of its principles.
The Church accepts it, why should not Dissent ? But
the fact is, that the example of 1813 made cer-
tain clamourers of that party believe that they
alone could raise an outcry, and make that
outcry prevail over the sense of every politician of
experience, ar.d of the chiefs of every party in par-
liament. Ecclesiastics, who were evidently not men
of the world, trusted to this clamour, and engaged
in a crusade, like that of PETER the Maxi; from
which all the lateral leaders, all the warriors of
eminence and experience. held aloof. PETER the
Henmtis horde of crusaders scarcely ever reached
I, Palestine, or reached it but to succumb. And so is it
with PETER the Hensler of Leeds.
Nine-tenths of the objections raised to t"•.c minutes
of 1846 might and ought to have been raised against
those of 18.;9. But it would appear that a host of san-
guine permits, oongregationaliatsandeatholics,and their
champions in the press, believed that the legislation of
1839 merely made a few concessions to the church
which the lapse of years was to wear away; and
that the 3car 1817 having brought in a ministry of
undoubted sway and irresistible majority, the chief of
that ministry could possibly have no difficulty in set-
ting aside the compromise of 1639, and opening
quite a new era of English education on quite novel
and lay principles, independent of creeds and
churches, whose objections or whose enmity he
could brush away with a wave of the hand.
We really do not know whether to attribute such
objections and suppositions to a want of common fair-
ness or to a want of common sense. People who
speak so, either do not see the state of thiugs
and of parties, or they will not see it,
from being wrapped up in their own resentments
and hallucinations. We trust that. now the question
bids fair to be settled, they will open their eyes,
awaken to the realities and necessities of things, cease
to clamour for such impossibilities, or for undoing
all that has been done towards national education for
' the last ten }'ears, and give over denouncing our moat
I emineut patriots as traitors, merely because they do
not again wreck a cabinet in a yam attempt to force
exclusively lay education down the throat of the
Church of England.

the establishment of an united diet, which is called upon to
discuss all general laws, relating to champs in personal rights
and in those of property, and to taxation. That right of
discussion cannot be replaced by the votes of a provincial
diet or by a committee of the united diet.
Most Gracious King and Lord, so true subjects, honour-
ing the word of our royal ruler, even when it sffliets us
(auchwems es arhrnerzlirh laertihre), and respecting the
speech from the throne, we now tarn to your majesty's de-
claration, that the low of Jan 17, 1820, gives rights to, and
implant duties on, the States which cannot be exercised or
fulfilled either by provincial assemblies er by committees.
But we cannot assert that the united diet, an far as the tune•
lion guaranteed to it as an imperial assembly are concerned,
may he legally represented by other bodies emanating from
the States, and that by the convocation of such bodies, when
the question of a loan is raised, the co-guarantee of the
united diet may be dispensed with.
Obedieut to the call of your majesty, and on the point of
commencing our labours, we Gel censcientiou.ly bound to
lay before the throne our present respectful declarations in
&veer of the maintenance of the rights of the states. Full of
ez,ntelenee, we turn to the magnanimous prince who in his
Isis lom has collected us around hint, in order that the power
of the throne may be insepnrahly united with the advanta-
geous activity of the states. Your Majesty has pointed out
the right ground for such a union when your Majesty ex-
claimed, "Let truth exist between us !" Wc live in the
joyful anticipation that on such a heals the e lifice of the
I future prosperity of our fatherland will rise more beautiful
than seer. The power of the throng is well established
when it is rooted on the moral consciousness of the nation.
Under such eircumstaneee, tbo I'ra•aian nation has before it
the propect of a sore mode of development, safe against all
the clang, rs of the prescat time. Unds r the blessing of a
pcwerful monarchical governmer.t, the natien will partici-
pate in all the advantages of a free and open national exist-
er.ce—OZlC that will aerate all claws of the people; and,
whilst firmly bound in love and troth to its oovaresge, will
premed on the mission to which Providence has called the
Prussian people and the whole of our German fatherland.

Our Paris correspondence of Wednesday has
brought no domestic news of interest. The Chamber
continued to be engaged in the debate on parlianrm-
tory reform and secondary instruction. The report of
the committee favourable to a postage-reform had
been presented to the Chamber.
The Duke of Ikvonshire and Lord and Lady Car-
digan had arrived in Paris.
A letter from Rome says that the Popo had declined
receiving Don Enrique unless he were presented by
the Spanish minister, but that the Prince refused to
allow the latter to be present at his conferences with
his Holiness.

After a lengthened debate, the address was adopted,
with the suppression of the prrzion in which a periodical con-
vocation of the diet is claimed, and with the modification of
the part which was intended as a sort of remonstrance to the
King. The suppressed paragraph was as follows:
" The decree cf the Fith January, 1820, compels the
authority chargel with the administration of the public
debt to gire an account annually to the assembly of the
states of the kingdom, and thus ensures to it the vital condi-
tion of useful avian, sir., its periodical convocation."
The concluding portico of the address now stands as fol-
lows. comparing it with the draft prevented by the
committee, it will he sera that the language is much more
subdued than in the original :
" We are confident that your Majesty will not cons:der it
a want of gnnitude, if, in the csurse of our deliberations, we
should be occupied in a more circumstantial manner with
the points of the decrees of the 3rd of February of this year,
which many amongst 113 do not regard so being perfectly in
accord with tlac most anti, nt laws ; for, in order that the
faithful states of your Majesty may prove a true support to
the throne, in order that we may be able efficaciously to aid
your Majesty in your efforts for the security and prosperity
of cur dear country, those whom we represent must have the
most sincere conviction that the representative r.ghts accord-
ed to us by the King are dear to um, as well as the honour
and force of the crown; and that we will protect the one
and the other as being equally precious. It the diet., in the
course of its deliLerntions, if your Majesty, from motives,
which in such case the diet will respectfully lay before you,
should he convinced of the divergences between the ancient
and the present laws, we clout not tkat the wisdom and
justice of your Majesty wi:l adopt measures to had to an
accord cempatible with tho prosperity of Prussia— a pro-
sperity which rests upon the force of the monarchical prin-
ciple, and on a sure and well-regulated representative legis-
lation."

The Madrid mails of the 15th and IGth have been
received, but their contents are without interest. The
new ministry have succeeded, by the aid of the Pro-
gressist party, in securing the election of the candi-
date of their choice to the vice-presidency of the
Chamber, vacated by M. Salamanca. Several new
appointments in the royal household have been
made, among which is mentioned M. Luis Maria
Pastors, named gentleman-in-waiting on her Majesty,
well known for his talent as a writer, and for his
acquaintance with subjects of administrat:on and
finance. M. Olexa,m. had been graciously received
by the Queen, and had solicited the favour of being
presented to the King. The ministry had presented
to the Chamber projects of law upon the liberty of
Ithe press, and several financial measure,. El Espana
i says, that M. Henderson has addressed another re-
monstrance to the Minister of Finance, on the subject
of the foreign debt.

GERM ANY.—PatramAN Frnawca.—By the law of
18th January, 1820, it is enacted that the excess of receipts
over expenses in the coffers of the state. in 1810 and the sub-
sequent years, should serve as a fund to enable the Prussian
army to be put, at any time, on a war (doting, without new
taxes on the people ; the present king on his accession found
the fund in a aatisiketory state, from the strict economy that
had been observed atter the expenses incurred by the
military preporations of 1830 and 1831 ; and from lit
July, 1840, to 31st December, 1846, the fund bra been
increased by 7,621,964 thalers (upwards of 33,030,00*ft.).
The total amount of this war fund, is, however, not stated.
Relative to different special funds, the control of which
is confided to the treasury, the first and most important
is derived from the realisation of paper money. having
risen to 4,520,000 thalers, a royal order decided that 4,000,000
thalers should be taken from this source fur charitable pur-
poem. The second fund is created by the sums obtained for
homes of the disbanded regiments of the leedtcehr, which
are made over to the regular cavalry. It amounts at present
to 324,426 thalers. The third fund is formed by the profits
derived from the postoffice, after deducting 200,000 dialers
paid to the treasury. This fund is devoted to the encou-
ragement of the arts, and to the payment of unforeseen ca-
ptions of public worship. It was from it that the amount
necessary to the establishment of the protestant bishopric, at
Jerusalem, was taken. The total amount which has been
disbursed from it is 674,046 dialers. The fourth fund,
f which is left at the disposal of the king, is destined to egoist
distressed landed proprietors, merchants. isoldiers,and others,
with loam on mortgage or on simple acknowledgmeata. The
amount in hand hoe been as high as 890,513 thalers, but at
present it is only 637,627 chafers.
GREECE.—ATHENS, APRIL 4.—The Ottoman
Porte has sent a circular to the great powers explaining the
motives of its conduct in the Greek difference, and announc-
ing its intentisn of p.rsisting in its ultimatum, and of the
interruption of its diplomatic relations with Greece. There
was a rumour that the partisans of Marromichalis and
Tzauchakis badcome to blows, and that blcsd had been shed.
This was attributed to the presence of the British squadron.
—Allgenseine Zeituu
SOUTH AMERICA.— MARANHAM.— We have
received the Publicador Maranhaisc of 9,11 March. It is
literally destitute of mws, with the exception of a letter
(dated 21st Feb ), from Para, auguring gloomily of disturb-
ances to result from the impending elections. and stating that
there was a great scarcity of mandicca meal, which was sell-
ing at unprecedented high prices.
ALGERIA, MARCH IG.—The Monitersr Akgrien,
of the 13th, says " The accounts from Oran confirm the news
of the presence of the Deira of ALd-el-Kader iu the country
of the Ahmyan Oarabu, where it is under the guard of the
regular infantry. The object of Ahd-el-Kadet in coming
among the Ahmyan Gateau, from which he is said to have
proceeded to the Beni Oules, a Morocco tribe bordering on
the Ahmyans, is supposed to have been for the purpose of
stirring up resistance in the Khours (walled villages of the
Little Desert), before which General Cavaignac is soon to
present himself. It is said that Abdsl-K ado. has made his
peace with the Halals, and that all his efforts for the moment
tend to re-establish his influence over the Moorish tribes of
the frontier. We have already mentioned the precautions
which have been adopted. The columns of Generals Ca-
vaignac and Renault are in operation, that of General Yusuf
is forming itself at Tenietel-Ildad. The column of Orlean.
vale, after having by a razzia chastised the Ouled Jounes
and the Ouled Abdallaha, has been dissolved, and the troops
have resumed their different labours."

PROJECT OF ADDRESS, AS DRAWN UP BY
THE COMMITTEE. IN ANSWER TO THE
KING OF PRUSSIA'S SPEECH.
Most puissant King, moot gracious Lord,—Your
Majesty, ever since your accession to the throne, has on
cesasngty laboured to promote the noble development of
national existence, and the country gratefully rejoices in the
blessing which is bestowed en it through the people being
enabled to feel a more lively sympathy in public affairs.
Your Majesty, recognising the want of a general organ of
the states, one that would promote and advance the unity of
the country, has been graciously pleased to convoke the pro-
vincial diets to a general one. Through a free and truly
royal resolution your Majesty has deigned to take a great
step, and we only fulfil a sacred duty when, in insepa-
-1 table attachment to your Majesty's person and house, we
lay before your throne the thanks of a loyal people.
Through the elevated spirit of its prince, and the power of
the national feeling, the country has been raised in the social
scale, and its future prosperity reposes on a double bards.
That basis has received a new guarantee. In your royal
patent of the 3rd of February last, your Majesty expressed
the intention to erect a superstructure on the laws left by
the late King—la ens to which Me people adhere as to the
well-earned Inheritance of their fidelity in Me contest.
Whilst your Mnjesty has maintained in force the reserva-
tion expressed in the law of Jane 5, 1823, and has given
the name of " United Diet " to the assembly, which in that
law is called "A Genteel Assembly of the States," and in
the law of Jan. 17, 1820, "An Imperial Assembly of the
States," (Reichstandische Versammlung) there are several
rights made over to the General Diet—rights based on
former laws (in friiheren Gesetsen begriindekn Reehte).
The ordonnance of Jan. 17, 1820, requires the directors of
the national debt to lay a yearly report before the Imperial
Assembly of the States, and thereby secures to that body a
periodical convocation, which is the vital condition of
activity. The same law not only requires the co-
operation of the Imperial Assembly of the States with re-
spect to loans, for which the entire property of the state is
pledged as a security; bat also for each new loan which the
state it under the necessity of contracting for its own
maintenance, or for the general good. Consequently the
guarantee of national debts depends greatly on the correct
knowledge of the financial state, and of the resources of
the treasury; and consequently, also, the co-operation
of the states with respect to the management of
national property (as guaranteed in the law of
January 11, 1820), became' a portion of their
rights. Moreover, the law of June 5,18'23, provides that, so
long as no general assembly of the States shall take place,
the projects of general laws shall be laid before the pro-
vincial diets. This provision bas now been carried out, by