The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-12 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, MARCH 12.
In the House of Lords yesterday Lord BROUGHAM
introduced an amended bill for the alteration of the
Bankruptcy and Insolvent Acts. The noble and
learned lord also moved for a copy of the evidence
and warrant of committal, in the case of four boys who
had been committed by a Middlesex magistrate to
take their trial for felony, in consequence of one of
them having thrown another boy's sap over some
railings. The grand jury had indignantly ignored
the bill, and he was desirous of ascertaining the name
of the committing magistrate, considering as he did,
that ho was altogether unworthy of retaining his
°Moe. The Marquis of LONDONDERRY wished to
put s question to the government. He had received
information from Ireland that a watchmaker had
issued a placard, offering for sale a consignment of
arms and ammunition from England. He wished,
therefore, to know whether the government intended
to bring in an Arms' Bill, similar to that introduced
in the last session. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE was
ignorant of the fact alluded to, which might properly
be referred to the relief committee of the district ; but
he was not prepared to say that it was the intention
of the government to introduce the measure referred
to by the noble Marquis.
Iu the House of Commons, a new writ was
ordered for Lewes, in the room of Sir HOWARD
ELPUINSTONE, who had accepted the stewardship
of the Chiltern Hundreds. Dr. BoweiNo moved for
the appointment of a select committee to inquire into
an alleged case of hardship with respect to the pay-
ment of legacy duty ou property invested in the
British funds, the testator having been domiciled in
India, where he died after a continued residence of
sixty years. After some discussion the hon. member
withdrew his motion, with the intimation of bringing
the question forward in another form, on the ground
that the two legal authorities who had addressed the
house had Mated that it was not the law that legacy
duty should be paid by the representatives of indi-
viduals not domiciled in England. Lord o.llereriNex
in moving. for certain returns relative to the number
of deaths in Ireland in the last six months, said. the
Irish people ought not to be allowed to die like do
without any record of the ts, mortality. His
Waa, to ascertain whether
proper care had been taken to preserve the lives of
the people in this period of scarcity. In the last year
large supplies of food had been sent into Ireland; but
m this, a system of political economy had been
adopted instead; and that at a period when people
Were dying by hundreds. Mr. LABOUCHERE Wait
It a loss to know from what quarter the
government could obtain any additional infor-
mation to that which it had already promised to
supply, as there unfortunately was not in Ireland as
in thus country, a register of births, marriages, and
deaths, but every possible inquiry would be made to
ascertain whether the information required by the
noble lord could be furnished. He was wholly at a
loss to know on what ground the noble lord hazarded
the charge, that the great mortality in Ireland was
owing to the government having acted on a system of
political economy, while their predecessors had acted
upon the principle of feeding the people, because, the
quantity of food imported by the present,
considerably exceeded that which had been intro-
duced by the late government. Political economy
certainly did not teach a minister that unusual exer-
tions were not to be resorted to in an unusual state of
circumstances, but it did teach this—that if those
exertions were misdirected, the effect might be to in-
crease, rather than to diminish, the evil. After some
farther discussion, the motion was withdrawn. The
adjourned debate on the annexation of Cracow, was
then resumed, the speakers being Mr. M. Mitten,
Lord DALMENY, Dr. BOWRING, Sir W.MOLESWORTH,
Lord MAHON, Sir H. INGLIS, Lord G. BENTINCK, Mr.
T. DUNCOMBE, and Sir R. Peel., after which the
debate was farther adjourned to Tuesday next. The
report on the Landed Property (Ireland) Bill was
further considered, and the sitting terminated.

Tim government plan of education, or rather the
three great principles of state-aid, state-inspection,
and state-rearing of preceptor., has been subjected to
a severe ordeal, from which it has come forth as
triumphant as the warmest lover of popular educa-
tion could desire. In a public meeting, called at
Leeds, the head-quarters of the enemies of the measure
—a meeting, the doors of which were flung open to the
operative as to the manufacturer, to the popular dele-
gate as to the magistrate, to low church as to high
church,—the great principles adopted by the liberal
party now wielding the government as the best for
oveieoming the existing obstructions in the way of
education, and for extending its blessings to the poorer
classes—these, assailed by a fair proportion of the
opposition ao zealously got up, were nevertheless. as-
sented to, and carried to the enthusiastic acclamations
of an assembly as mixed in grade, and class, and
creed, and political sentiment, as could well be ima-
gined. There are few measures of any government
that could stand such a trial as this
,; and we take the
result, not so much as a proof of the wisdom of go-
vernment, which it fairly is, but of the growing en-
lightenment, liberality, and sound sense of our middle
and lower classes, in the midst of the most powerful
efforts to enlist them in the cause of bigotry and
For For our part we cannot comprehend, we had
almost said we could not believe, the opposition of
dissenters to what is avowedly the most promising,
the most feasible, the only plan for largely and imme-
diately extending popular education. The elements
of reading and writing, with the due exercise of the
mental powers acquired in learning them, form, at the
present day, what speech was centuries ago. They are
the means of comprehending all that is thought and
done around us, of entering into full communication
with our fellows, and with the age we live in. The
few scraps of knowledge that existed centuries ago,
might be communicated by speech. There floats now
a mass of facts, and truths, and knowledge around
us, which those who do not read cannot catch. Those
who do uet read, in our times, do but half live,
cannot exercise but the hundredth part of an intellect,
and scarcely rise above the more intelligent animals I
of our day.
To place what are such indispensable elements of
human intellect and human nature in the power of
oar whole population, is an imperative duty on the
liberal politician, first of all, who would raise
man from the rank of a machine, and then
upon the liberal Christian, who would unite reason
with religious belief. We can imagine the ser-
vile admirer of a paternal and despotic govern-
ment, uphold ignorance as a kind of darkness favour-
able to such a regime. We can conceive the prelates
of a church, founded solely on authorities and tradi-
toOo, anxious to withhold the elements of knowledge,
which leads to questioning and mooting. But for
men who represent, or say they represent, popular
intemota, and who are for the freedom and unlimited
power of religious dissent in opposition to a state
church—.for such men to oppose the extension of edu-
cation, nay, to crush education unless it be in their
cron peculiar Shibboleth, is on their part such a sui-
cidal and treasonable heresy, as really to be in-
credible.
What are we to think of ministers and champions
of religious dissent, who put so little faith in the
bath and force of their peculiar views as to be con-
!laced, that no opening or increase of education is
14'517 to bring converts to their fold ; but, on the con-

trary, who fear lest government aid, given necessarily
in greater proportion to the majority of schools con-
nected with the Church of England, will suffice to
tempt away and abstract families and children from
their flocks. If such be the nervous mistrust of a
small class of dissenters in that which they revere as
troth, what a feeble and quenchable spark do they
emiider religious truth to be.
Mr. BAINES and the dissenters, who would put
their extinguisher on education, look evidently on the
large uneducated class of the English population much
as a discoverer of the seventeenth century regarded •
new continent. He planted his flag on the deserted
shore, not to occupy, people, or cultivate it—for
which he bad neither men, means, nor power—
but
to prevent other nations, which might
have the command of those means, from oc-
cupying or cultivating. Mr. BAINKt is the'
dog in the manger. He cannot educate the
ignorant and the destitute, therefore he will let
no others do so, because the instruments and officers
are not of his appointment, and is his livery.
Mr. BAINES knows perfectly that what the
government plan, by its small concession to
the clergy, and the great concession of the clergy
to it, can effect, is to obtain the establishment
of at least one school in every parish. This
will give hundreds and thousands of such
people who can read, and write, and reason.
I will have none of them, exclaims the educationist.
Better that Englishmen should for ever remain
ignorant as brutes, than learn to read, if they learn
with it the catechism of their fathers' church.
The journal which has taken the most active part
against the present extension of education seeks to
excite fears of Church of England predominance,
by pointing to the increased predominance of the
Church of Rome, and by means of the great weapon
of the age, education. Now what is the fact? It
is, that the influence of the Church of Rome
is certainly on the increase in France, where
the efforts of both executive and legislature have been
thwarted by the bigotry of the clergy, and the inert-
ness and avarice of the population. Whereas,
throughout Germany, where the principle of state
schools has been fully sirried oat, the influence of
Catholicism is decidedly on the decline, even in exclu.
sively Catholic kingdoms. We say this on the
authority of pers we best and most recently acquainted
with those countries. And we are quite confident,
that Romanish tendencies are best combated by edu-
cation, and especially by popular education.
But it is for its effect on the intellectual and moral
character, quite independent of its effect on religious
belief, thati we prize education ; and therefore we
hail its extension in the villages of Catholic Austria
or of Greek Russia, ornfident that it is the great
civilising principle—the great step towards making ,
Europe and the world one community, in sentiment at
least, and that sentiment a Christian, a charitable, and
a moral one. Should the Pope himself establish pri-
mary schools, and set barefooted monks to be the pre-
ceptors, even then we should rejoice : for education is
like glass, in whatever farnace molten or by whatever
hands manipulated, its characteristic is to admit light ;
in order to this it rejects, in melting, all admixture of
impurity from its mass.

We find the view lately taken by us of the pub-
lished reports of last year's trade confirmed by a
weighty authority. BURNS'S Glance at the Cotton
Trade attempts to all up_the blank left la the
of the Custom-hones.
,0...- • •
.—.quantiti!, corresponding

ueciared official value of exported goods are mane
ally published by Mr. MAN& This useful led lull►
rious compilation for the year 1846 is before se, sad
corroborates our assumption that increased quantities
were represented by the decreasing values declared
in 1846, as compared with 1845. The quantity of
cotton consumed weekly in Great Britain amounted
in 1846 to 31,796 bales, while in 1845 it was but
30,933 bales. The following are amongst the more
striking items of increased bulk in exports. The
quantities here given denote an excess of exports over
those of 1845:

lbs. 1 lbs.
To Brazil 28,629 1 To Chios 1,687,939
Bele= 1,441,933 1 Na*es nod Icily
ElrePl
Ha us Towns 4,712,737 Trieste and Venice 1,239,394
Holland
Past ladies 6,293,991
But the most singular falling off is in our export
to Ruisia, which decreased by 2,748,9271 be., in spite
of the large imports of raw produce made from that
quarter. This serous diminution is attributable in
part to the prohibitive duties levied in Russia on
English manufactures, but is no doubt partly the
result of an alteration made some time ago in the
mode of levying the duties in the Russian porta.
There appears, therefore, no hope of the Eng-
lish mantes,' obtaining access to the large

populations of central Asia-through Russia, a line
of trade that our merchants commanded in the middle
ages to the great profit of the Muscovite czars. Upon
this point a question of international law would sug-
gest itself, were it not that the changes in more hos-
pitable quarters effected by the improvements made
by our own tariff are more attractive matter for dis-
cussion.

We recognise in the increased exports to the Bra-
zils, Holland, and the East Indies a result of the re-
duction in the sugar duties, and regard both the im-
portation of sugar and the exports of our wares as
still susceptible of a large increase. Our trade with
Germany increased also largely, bat has since met
with a check in the increased duty on yarn imposed
by the states of the Zollverein. As we shall probably
export less in that direction in future, it may be anti-
cipated that the Germans will also send us less, and
the growing supplies of toys, glass, ornaments, and
metals will diminish. NI ere they to continue,
the exchange being against England, the price would
I be virtually lowered, and would not repay the ex-
porters. Another and more serious visitation has
followed the injudicious step taken by the Zollverein
in excluding English yarns. The numerous hand-
loom weavers in Saxony and in the provinces near
the Rhine have been deprived of work, and are now
in great numbers subsisting on food given in charity.
Thus an unwise commercial system entails on them a
calamity similar to that experienced in Ireland
through the blight of an important crop. The dimi-
nution of our experts to oar West Indian colonies is
matter of regret. The quantities exported to our
American and Australian colonies seem to have
diminished.

West ladies
North American Worths
Anima Omit. 74.042
Australis. 26,9611
The trade with the colonies is, perhaps, more rag-
ceptible of improvement through some of the reforms
that have been spoken of as about to take place, than
is commonly suspected. By raising the tone of feel-
ing amongst the colonists, and giving importance to
the resident cultivaten, their exertions will be stimu-
lated, and cultivation on a large scale, corresponding
to machine power rather than to hand labour, will
doubtless be adopted. The Colonial-office is now in
hands eminently qualified to give this course a fair
trial. Indeed it cannot fail to ensue upon any relaxa-
tion of the strict tutelage in which our colonies have
long been held, to their own detriment and that of the
mother-country. The increase of our exports to the
pre-eminently open markets, Turkey, Egypt, and
China, is on the other hand encouraging, and we are
glad that all accounts agree in promising an increasing
demand from the northern China ports now open.
The limit to this demand seems only to lie in the power '
in our market to absorb the return, which is mostly
in tea.
We cannot regard the picture of the cotton trade,
presented by the Glance, otherwise than as denoting
a healthy state of our trading relations, and, consider-
ing that large amounts of bullion have been sent to
the various quarters whence grain is importing, are
induced to concur in the cheering views taken
by the heads of the Board of Trade. That large
quantities of grain will have to be paid for with bul-
lion is beyond doubt. Bat that these sums will cir-
culate, and eventually come back to us, can as little be
doubted.

SOME of those persons who are in the habit once a
fortnight of glancing over the Indian news may have
observed in our last accounts that a considerable mili-
tary force is engaged in suppressing some disturb-
ances in the country of the Khonds. 'f here are, pro-
bably, few who attach any definite notion to the cir-
cumstance. It is assumed that some chief has at-
tempted to resist English authority, or that some
pretender is contesting the title of a protected Rajah ;
and that the eventual suppreasson of the disturbance
is as much a matter of course aq the quieting of a
street row in London, and to be effected much in the
same way, by the interference of the police. Although
th'a view is, in the present instance, partially well-