The Express.
London, England, 1865-10-03 00:00:00

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The accounts from our manufacturing districts
show that the expected revival of the trade with
the United States has begun there in earnest. At
Manchester an enormous business is being done
both for yarns and cloth. Goods are wanted at
ones proposals for the execution of orders in a
few weeks being received with extreme impatience by
shippers, who prefer to buy available goods at a con-
siderable advance rather than lose the opportunities;
of an excited market. The accounts reoetved from
America of the revival of trade there are most
striking. The merchants of New York are doing
such a, fall trade as they never did before. This is
owing to the influx of crowds of customers from
the South. The demand began early in August,
and remained undiminished at the date of
the last advices in the third week of September.
Neither the stocks of merchants nor the mills of
manufacturers have been able to satisfy the urgent
wants of buyers. Many of the New England
manufacturers have orders which will carry them
into the spring, and the leading houses do not find
business hours sufficient for the work of selling,
assorting, packing, merking, and shipping.
It was easy to foresee that an enormous trade
would be dose at the North whesevey tle• month
should be in a positina to supply its wants but
many intelligent persons supposed that that period
must be delayed until time had been given for the
South not only to enter afresh upon a counts of pro-
dilative industry, but to respite fruits. The event
shows that this opinion was erroneous, and that the
recuperative energies of the South with the incubus
of slavery removed were underestimated. There
is not a Southern State which does not send out
customers in crowds. The New York Times, which
devotes an elaborate statistical article to the sub-
ject, states that the Southern buyers are, in a ma-
jority of instances, the same who were customers
of Northern merchants before the war :
These buyers repeesest Richmond, Petersburgh, Norfolk,
Wheeling, Bethany, CULIKOU, Charleston, Maulden. Nor.
gaatown, Moundsville, in Virginia ; Wilmington, Newborn.
Naufort, Raleigh, Goldsboro, Charlotte, Warmly, sad
Magnolia, le North Carolina ; Charleston, Beaufort, Pert
Royal, and Columbia. in South Ceram& ; Sevennab, Awed%
Maths, Kingston, Gromisboro, and other lees impotent
palate is Georgia ; Key West, Apalachicola, Jaskionville,
Pensacola, Newport, end St. juke, in Florida ; Mobile,
Selma, Mootgomery, Franklin, Berwick, Athens, sod other
localities in Alabama ; New Orleans. Baton Rouge, Freak-
lin, Waterloo, and other pleas in Louisiana ; Weeetoti,
Brownsville, Indianola, Lemon, Houston, and other points
in Tease ; Vithabuigh, Natalie: and a few other localities
in Iliesiesippi ; and all the dist-lbuting markets of Tennes-
see, Ileatocky, and Missouri. Orders from all the pleas
named, and very many others not named, have both re-
sired and executed in the market, within the pest six
weeks—a circumeteoce which shows coodusively hew
emaxiagly rapid ha. been the revival of business in the
States lately the theatre of a desolating maid ; sad of
their commercial relations with the metropolis.
But what is more remarkable, the basis of trade
is no longer mainly one of credit, as it was before
the war, but for the most part of cash. We might
have expected the very contrary, looking at the
exhaustion caused by the ravages of armies and the
drain of wealth brought about by one of the most
despotic governments that ever ruled ; but there is
no doubt as to the fact. "Buyers as well as
sellers," says our authority," give a decided pre-
ference to the cash system
They are "in fends," and having the means to pay
promptly for their purchases, they are ambled to make
belies selartioas, and to secures more prompt execution of
their orders then would be practicable on thy other wadi-
tiOOL The customers to whom credit is given are generally
satisfied with an avenge Mantissa of sixty days, though a
few of them, peculiarly situated, are accorded three sad
four soothe gram. Strange sit may appear, it is never-
theless a fact, that Southern buyers comae into market as
fully prepared with reedy mosey to pay for their supplies
as any other class of purchseers. All our leading merchants
confirm this statement by • recapitalatina of incidents
within their oars expeisees.
A great difference is found between the purchases
of the South and those of the West and S
onouth-
Western States. The former run chiefly the
necessaries of life, or food, clothing, implements,
and machinery, while the latter have more costly
articles, especially of dress, for their objects.
It will be asked where does the South get the
money to buy and pay for what it wants 1 Possibly
on this bead there may be something to learn,
which must be left to the future to reveal. At
present, however, it may be said that in the first
place the South is sending to the Northern Atlantic
cities enormous quantities of cotton, tobaoco, rice,
naval stores, lumber staves, shingles, and the like,
which it is disposing of at very high prices •,
secondly, many Northern men of energy and
capital have gone South and now form part of its
mercantile body ; and, lastly, we are assured that a
respectable amount of ' hard cash" boarded
during the late war is coming to light, and being
exchanged at a premium, which is deemed by
the lucky owners an astonishingly liberal measure
of profit. Still more remarkable is the fact that
the Southern merchants not only pay ready money
for what they buy, but liquidate portions of the old
debts they owed to Northern merchants before the
war. This fact is stated upon undoubted authority.
A year or two ago it would have been deemed in-
credible that the South, under the moat favourable
condition of things, could pay more than 20 or 25
per cent. of its old indebtedness. Now—the New
York Times affirms—very many of the Southern
cities and towns, such as Augusta, Ga., will pay
dollar for dollar of their old obligations. Business in
that great central city of the foremost industrial
State of the South is unprecedentedly brisk, the
consequent influx of population amazing, and the
demand for houses and store-room far beyond any-
thing ever known in the history of the place. A
letter from Augusta, dated September 9, states
that the magnitude of the improvements now
in progress in Augusta can only be appre-
ciated on personal examination. No account
that would do justice to the subject would be
credited by any one who has not recently seen "the
facts with his own eyes." " Such energy," we are
told, "was never seen before." What is true of
Augusta is true of many another place in the
Southern country. New Orleans and Savannah
will pay at least 75 cents. on the dollar of their
old debts. Mobile and Montgomery will return
70c. to 75c. on the dollar ; Charleston, 40c. to 60c.
on the dollar ; Pensacola, 40c. to 500. on the dol-
lar. Taking the business men of the whole South
right through, it is confidently believed that the
general average return from old debts will be above
50c., and close on to 60c. on the dollar. On this
subject Messrs. McKillop and Sprague write in
their commercial circular :
Debtors from the South are nowise North in conside-
rable numbers and settling old deices against them, some
by compromise, some in foil, but the average
_payment is
much lancer than our merchants anticipated. Tee State of
Georgia has thus far dome the best. The city of
Aupats
will about pay in full, while Savannah will pay at least
seventy-live per coot. Except in the part of the State de-
vastated by Sherman's marsh the *venom will exceed fifty
per cent. Many of the &ammo reerchame took the preme-
ties to invest hi therlieg massage daring the war, end fraud
themselves risk when the war dosed. The diapositioe
'bows by the Southern debtors to psy is highly creditable
to them, sad Nathan creditors bath met them in a spirit
of peat liberality. Tesetherse in the only State thus far
which has given moat trouble to oar mer-
chants. Union citizens is some portions of the Sesta
have attached the property of rebels, and sued them for dem-
agog, him ton t, he., sad many thews hive be-
times whellett. Near Southern ones—and some
bkoliadortmene—intheled largely in Ledo. These they are
sow potties into the market for sae. Haying mid for them
in °meanest' money, they can *Hord to sell them damp.
The otheleelea to be dews from the ethiniereisl inter.
01161.11 with the Smith f•—commethe Is king—net eolith,
nor eon, bat meromaree ; sad the whole South, witebZ
haps the *empties of Teem, is beet in the Union, r
to rellitie. Texas is still in mush ooefusioe, and some of
lle Pen* dieposed to be tarbuleet Klmiseippi is becalming
to pay, sad exmpt the river coarable. will probshly leaf an
avenge of 110 the met Is Alabama the avenge ci the
whole Meth will be et keel ISO per mei. wbilo "a"of the
lamp cities will ge mash above that. Mobile sad Mont-
gomery wW probably psy is average el 75 per seat.
Nor is la ealy a revival et old relating that is

•. .
VIZ tRA.IIGIIRAL WrIIRES.
The Brat of October falling this year on a Sunday
the medical 'chords ammected with the great metropolitan
hospitals were not opera until yesterday, when, at usual,
inaugural addresses were delivered by the most diatin-
guished professors. Dr. John Hall Davis delivered the
ietrodnotory address et Middlsesx Hospital ; the intradue-
try address at St. Thema. Hospital was delivered by
Mr. W. M. Ord, N. 8.. Dean of the Medical and Surgical.
College ; Mr. Walter Itivington, MA., E. A. (Ueivesvitl of
London), astitiantuargeoe to the Leaden Hospital,. de-
, livered the opening address • the introductory address at St.
Mary's Hospital was delivered by Dr. Bradfield Soar.
F.H.8., one of fibs lecturers cis moldier* ; Mr. Barnard
Holt, senior surge= to the hospital, delivered the liar°.
artery address at Westminster; at Chariogurese Hospital
the address was delivered by Dr. N. D. Chodrve, of
Oranaoshtulese Week Hyde-pack. Fellow of the Royal
College of Phraisians ; the serious of the University College
medical school was opened by an address from ILL John
Marshall, F.Ft.S., surgeon to the hospital sod toreador
is matted surgery in the dollop'.
LAMS' Muoicat Cotarair..—The Gamed merlon was
opened at the Hanoverdiquare Booms yesterday with a
radio address by Dr. Boisoktia, the lecturer oa mid.
wilery. lie said the attempt to provide for lair
n opportnitim like those which had been accessible may
to gentlemen, for the seisatific study of midwifery and
its cognate subjoin, was last October a men =rye project.
A year's experience in the work on the part of the officers
of the Female Medical Society only confirmed the opinion
of those who had sat the project oa foot. Forties students
mitered to the first years courses of lectures, and the fees
paid by those ladies bad almost entirely re-imbursed the
committee for the east of the lectures. Thu feet was one
of fundamental importance, as although there were large
prelimisary expeller ooanected with the orpaisation
and starting of such an iestiratioe, which
might well be defrayed by bervolest persons,
yr in a crustal like England the permanent
vitality and fructification of the movement could wily be
secure when this kind of teaching proved to be as much
self-supporting as rime kinds of collegiate edocatir. It
' was only upon this basis that the college now commenced
in Loedea would broom the parent of like colleges in other
I parts of the rustry, tent only when intelligent, well quell-
' fied women appeared overwhere to urge their claim to this
_ field of ossfulseas would it become the custom to em-
ploy women as midwifery attendants in general. Having
spoken at some length ea the special qualifications of women
for this work, Dr. Edemas proceeded to say that it was a
singular anomaly that up to this day in England the prac-
tice of midwifery was altogether =provided for and un-
regulated by the Star ; that any worn.out old woman
oould set up and practise midwifery with impunity ; that
women who wished to qualify themselves properly had no
means of dohs so ; sad that there was to recognised exa-
mination open to women which would arable the public to
distinguish the qualified from the unqualified, and would
are respeetable pauwitiorref rem being cad raided with the
dunleuni ignorant, drunkea old creatures who now stteild
thousands of our pourer ohms women, Until the set of 1815
medical moo were in the same position ; but now every
sae most follow out a ramified coned of study, sad par a
recognised trial by public fulmination before commencing
practice. It would at mice be evident that the practice and
privilege' which attach to public recogeitioe would benefit
alike this char of praotitiorn sad the publics who require
their services. The Female Medical Society were noxious
to come for ward at some future time with a complete *theme
for subjecting female practitioners of midwifery to appro-
priate resulatioas ; but at present its poems were fully
occupied with organising proper means of instruction and
arousing the 'troika of the public. He contended that the
, prat= of midwifery should be separated from the several
practice of medicine and surgery, with which it was now
' associated in the hands of the posral mediae practitioner.
He oceoluded by statiog that the society was is debt 200/.
to the treasurer ; but be was confider that when public
attrition was aroused the soulful emitters would be

Nime's COLLeon.—The inaugural. lecture wee delivered
by Dr. ParearLtr, sad consisted may of practical advice
to the younger students.
The inaugural address at the Albert Veterinary Oollege
was delivered by Professor WAGE', in the presser* of a
large number of students and gentlemen connected with
the veterintry profeesiou.
Bohr. Vastitaal 0011.11103.—The lectures commenced
' at the above institutive yesterday, when • Imp num'
her of sumeom and pupils were present to hear Professor
Peliteiters iatredactory address. The professor, after
remarking upon the claims which the public would have
epos the students when tbeyentered into the profes-
doe, said that a better occasion than the present he
could not have for urging upon them, by that steady
exertionsic. to obtain and hold the confidence of the
publ 'The dimese which had fallen amongst the
fettle of the oetustry rendered it neresairy to study and
follow their profession with Dm greatest diligence. This
diocese had already destroyed the entire stock of several
London dairymen, and they were not yet able to grapple with
it. Many anxious inquiries were daily Wog made at this
lastitutios by onsets of cattle from different porta of
the cannery, as to what was beet to be done in the event of
the disease lereskieg out is their stock, and erotism for in-
' formation by which they mold trooping the dimese when
it did appear. The college had also beiie attended at eon-
siderable pommel ineoeventenes by veterinary surgeons
from different parts of England with the sum objets, and
they had also been visited by surgeons from the eontineut,
who were anxious to ascertain whether or not the disease
was the true rinderpett. It most be • matter of great
einsonragement to observe how readily the government
recognised their professional services, which was, he coo-
sidered, owing to the high moral standing of the pre-
, famirie, and the advances which it bad made of late years.
Be trusted that they would exert themselves and
retain that public confidence which they bad already carried.
Is 1857 Professor fiimeeds visited the contiseet, for the
purpose of examieing into the rinderpest ; a report wee made
by him, of which, -however, only a few copies bad been
circulated. That report contained many useful details by
whirl the disease meld be detected immediately it sp-
end he was therefore of opinion that if it were re.
pPierii:tioa and widely circulated, it would prove of the greatest
advantage. The teemed professor then urged upon the
students the necessity of their pursuing diligently the
knowledge for whisk they had entered the institution,
pointing out at Vila length the most important points to
which slow,' shonN &met their attention.

SOCIAL ScuommOmeasses,_lBB6.—At a meeting
held yesterday afternoon in the Manchester Towo•hall, the
Mayor presiding, it was resolved to invite the Social
Saigon MI(1010100 to hold their &mama meccas next au-
tumn in Manchester. In the course of • long conversatioe.
in which Mr. K. Rom, the Presides% of the Chamber of
Commerce, Mr. Kowa, the town clerk, Mr. rairbairc,
C.g.. Dr. Watts, and other gentlemen participated. it was
mentioned &sow of the iodotements for holding the meet-
ing in Meneheder that to all probability the use d the new
arise wade weld be panted for the purpose, analling all
the sectional meatier to be held to one buildieg.
SHEAF AND tag CATTLI DISEAAE.—We stated on
Saturday that the Messes. Swan sad Scrie bad °Wised the
'section of the magistrates to rod down Us sheep to the
saastoriam, with the view of ascertaining whether or not
the Rinderped could be communicated to them by their
esesiog in contact with the diseased animals beteg treated
there. Thew ehsep IMO mot down on Saturday inorninz,
and were immediately pieced in close proximity to the in-
fected sehmah present. Os that mowing them were
tidy leer sows I. the renateriam—die in the last
doges at the diseene, neared which the sheep were
at Bret placed; shoehrr *es she =Seri,' much ; and two
others that esessed to be nowering. The sheep were
afterwards driven through the length of the building. and
upoe Steil= is the Uri in which the sanatorium
tcad Altegetber were see hour in the pressing beside
the settle sekjese Me the disssse. Al night they were shut
up is the seasteekrat ; sad all day yesterday. we understand,
&try were embed is the premier, their food being given
to them ia front d the dined dairy-stark. Up to last
Monday) sight, thews was to evidence of the plague having
stmdmd soy cd the sheep; but of wane the time since
their admittwee is tee rind to establish whether or not they
see likely Is he Iwiested.-41ewinnos.