The Express.
London, England, 1865-04-20 00:00:00

THE EPIDEMIC IN RUSSIA.

The Lord President of the Council has received
from the medical officer of the Privy Council a
letter in regard to the Russian epidenuc, in which
we read :

Both typhus and relapsing fever are communicable from
pesos to person by means= the general eilialatious of the
bier ; and the danger of nob contagion acquires its utmost
development whoa maws of ill-fed =palate= en crowded
together in plans which are fsilemelelble if aretildlisii.- •
It seers probable that the fevers sow peevailbag in 136,
Petersburg are not only extensively diffused, but, in their
respective kinds, are of fully average severity. The re-
lapsing fever is causing more than its usual =opera= of
deaths, and is notably attended with those inflammatory
*wallop which are known by the name of buboes. Al.
though the reports which are before me do net state the
relative frequency with which the =We symptom is eb-
served, yet, from the fact of its being marsionsel in a very
genera report on the epidemic, I infer that it has been
more than commonly frequent, and decibels= it was from
this rheumatic= that there arose tie rumour of plague.
It is therefore requisite to mention that buboes are by no
means exclusively characterise= of plague, that severe
typhus in this country is eel very infrequently at-
tended by them, and that also in our ether forma of
fever they are sometimes, though far lees frequently, ele
served. The great importer" however, of the quie-
ten which is involved is that system of hoboes
was a main reason for your lordship's thinking it
desirable to have an English phyeieltiee pcorA
en all the elements of a. Si. Potent* kaiak ; and iii
was therefore that under your lordship's orders I instructed
Dr. Whitley to proceed to 54. Petersburg for the purpose ci
making penned eaanainatioes is the matter. He arrived
at St. Petersburg on Saturday night lest, and hi telegram •
which I yesterday reoeived informs me le positive terms
that " nothing resembling plague has been observed."
As regards the disease which is prevailing in parts of
North Germany, the cue is very widely different. That
disease is owe of which hitherto England has had no general
=whines. Even in foreign medical literature mention of it
is but comparatively recent, and the knowledge Ada re-
lates to it is incomplete. It is a febrile nervous affixation et a
very painful and very dangerous kind. By us, far practical
purposes, it may he regarded assea new dimes ; but, in truth,
it has for the last twenty eight years been prevailing vary
extensively in Noma= small epidemics both in Europe
and is America, throughont the entire breadth of the north
temperate roes. Having regard to the probability that
wooer or later this disease may show itself in England, I
have thought it convenient that, both for your lordship's
present reference, and for =oh further use as you may
deem expedient, there should be compendiously stated the
main facts which are yet known with regard to the disease's
nature and laws Of distribution ; and I have accordingly pre-
pared a special memorandum in which, by referees* to
foreign authorities, I endeavour to fulfil that object.
Both on account of the =arming =moan which were
connected with the present epidemical in North Germany,
and also with a view to collect the latest and fullest later-
=ace concerning the habits of so important a dame, your
lordship (as in the case of the St. Petersburg fevers)
deemed it right that ao Eoglish physician should be seat to
observe and report; and, under your lordship's orders,
I instructed Dr. Bandsmen to proceed for this
purples to those Oases about the Lower Vistula where
the disease was chiefly prevailing. From him, during the
last few days, I have received telegrams and letters which
leave no doubt as to the identity of the prevailing disease,
and establish, as I have already stated, that it has no de-
pendence on the fevers of St. Petersburg.
In the special nismarandum to which I refer, I have
stated whet I saa learn with regard to the oommuskebillty
of the sorrow di ease, Your lordship will :ahem= that,
though I hesitate to speak of the disease as incommunicable
by personal intercourse, I show =roe for believing that
under ordinary cireolootsoon it is sot thus communicable is
more than a very low degree. And Dr. Seagram writes to
me, in relation to the present epidemics, that he dads "no
reason far regarding the diadems as personally communi-
cable ; " that he has "met no single imitanc• in which me
than one member of the same family has been attacked ;
nor has there been any dilluaion of the disease is soy ci the
hospitals."
From the foregoing statement your lordship will have
gathered that, neither as regards the hirers which are
peeneet is fit Petersburg, nor as regards the sweep
di ens whit's M esserrieg in North Osnesey, are the cir-
eunistssom each as have on fermis escrow led to the
adoption of guaranties by Oh eeestrr —Utak as logo& ffra
impartibility el the elevens dimes, ear deeps le oriewee-
slather with the Bettie ports (*alms there were repre-
sented marmetlateeled peralkiivo) i, alscarniliAwadol.
or next to noting—end that, as regards the Ramiro pi.
dm* ere &sow i esmorealsolswidi Fohleaburg fe
only the art el Jaw sevonil ports el Oho
Umbel H a have dies onselooed to erne weber, and
are was ere the ...se aloe, se repels the wool boom
home at teoso, keep mad eloodliritly soesoloolos,

RICKEMEREIL ! you will see your friends at
IVAN!! atter the Open. We shall my there.

gfte ensressis.

TO 00111.111101DXNTS.
IlAvertiannents tabadon tor "The London !Inman
be sb Oda. 10611110-41416 i, by Two
Pri sari
on tbe day yabboslien.

HAYMARKET.
TM 2Y S. MY WIT/WooWSE 110THIlt—THT, WOMAN INCamp-
Mom Howe, harm, sad
us , Moodooms el= lowa—WHO DUNDILLILRY MAL
HIM AND DONE FOR. M. Bottawn.—And MST SHAVING.

PLINOMISM.
MI MEM, HEART-NYZINOS AND TIDDLIATILINGE.
—ARIAN NA POOUZ. Maws. D. IloadmaN,J.lmmiliam,
IL VamtakiMt. D. Maher. D. Myra. Lisykm. diaries : Kra. D.
floadcsalt and ILIN M. Ofiew.—And AN AMPLE APOLOGY.

LYONII
TN= EVININO, RINPSON AND IL
OD. Marra ltraery sad
Norma Mho Nharorthr and Mn. Itoramaa.—And THE
11017MTIMIANN. Mr. Yachter and Meeker Yachter, Mr. Mid&
Gomm; Mba Learn% Mello. Beetrlce.

BRIANNIA.
Tim Emma, THZ VOTLCANO OF ITALY : 08, THE
IOGITIVHS PHIL Ilya 8. Laaa—Proteamor Rlltaa.—Aod
MAU* GlllNZA.—Clatermeat at 10/Bpastti

WON WATIZ AT LONDON-BMWE.
TUN DAT Morstag, AL Dia.....Atteruooo. Du W.
To4IOLION &mins &L •Ta.....Aftemoon. IOIL 3ia,

LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 20.

Tam tremendous character of the Confederate
defeat becomes more clearly apparent with the
fuller and later intelligence which we receive of
the flight and the pursuit. Of LEE'S course, on
the first days after the evacuation, which it will be
remembered took place on the night of Sunday,
the 2nd April, nothing is yet distinctly known.
But it was at least certain that his only route lay
westward, and General GRA= lost not an hour in
directing the pursuit. It seems to have been con-
ducted in three columns. One, consisting of the
cavalry, with (perhaps) the sth Army Corps, under
command of SHIRIDAN, was in advance, and struck
the Danville Railway leading from Richmond to
Burksville Junction, near Amelia Court-house,
about 40 miles from Richmond and 12 from
Burksville. General Means followed on • line •
little to the south, commanding the 2nd and 6th
corps. Gasxr himself accompanied the left wing,
consisting of the 24th and pelt of the 25th corps,
under General ORD, on the direct Burlaville road,
parallel with the Southaide Railway, and which
passes through Nottaway Court-house, about 10
miles south-east of Burksville. But it was not till
Tuesday, the 4th, when these positions were
reached, that any distinct information was obtained
of the whereabouts of what remained of
the routed army. On the evening of that
day SHERIDAN sent word to MEADE that
if he could get his column up in time, he might
capture or disperse Leit's army, then resting at
Amelia Court-house. On Wednesday, the sth,
SHERIDAN was at Jeffersville, half way between
Amelia Court-house and Burksville, thus cutting
LEE off from the junction, and preventing his
adopting the route to Danville ; and the Federal
general, pushing a brigade still further to the left,
captured five guns, 200 wagons, and a number of
prisoners. The 2nd corps joined him in the fore-
noon, and the 6th in the afternoon, and GRANT
himself, leaving ORD'S division, which pro-
ceeded to and captured Burksville the same night,
moved across the country at the earnest request
of his cavalry lieutenant to be present with the
advance. On Thursday, the 6th, MEADE received
intelligence that LEE was pointing in the direction
of Fannville, a point on the Lynchburg Railway
about eight miles west of Burksville. The Federal
troops were at this time proceeding in a northerly
direction from Burksville, but their route was at
once changed to the north-west, the 6th corps,
which had been on the right, meantime moving along
the rear to the left, to form the extreme left of
the line, the 2nd forming the centre, and the
sth the right. The cavalry were on the conti-
nuation of the left flank. The 2nd corps soon
became engaged with the enemy, and drove him
across Sailor's Creek, a stream which falls into the
Appomattox river about eight miles north of Burks-
villa. The 6th corps, with SHERIDAN'S cavalry,
came up about four p.m., and instantly charged.
The result was decisive, end six Confederate gr
nerals were captured, Ewan., Kriumew, Burro;
CORSE, DEBASE, and CLAIMS Lea, and several thou-
sand prisoners, fourteen guns, and many elisions
fell into the hands of the victors. For two miles
the road was strewn with tents, baggage, cooking
utensils, and ammunition. Several times the
enemy appears to have rallied, and to have
attempted a stand behind entrenchments or natural
obstacles, bet he was successively driven from
them, and only nightfall seems to have prevented
his utter dispersion or surrender. At this pcint
the narrative for the present stops.
But in summing up these results some points of
importance become apparent. In the first place,
it is known by intercepted letters that General
ROBERT LEE was himself with the Confederate
troops. In the next place, the routes and positions
appear to indicate that both the Richmond and
Petersburg garrisons were combined, and that
therefore the body engaged comprised the whole
remnant of the Southern army. In the third place,
it is seen that this body was driven from its ground
by no more than a single army corps of the Federal
engaged at a time, which indicates that the re-
maining Confederate numbers are not probably
above fifteen thousand men. This is indeed the
wreck of an army, and it is clear that being pur-
sued hotly by four times that force, their only
safety can be in the rapidity with which they can
getaway. But with SHERIDAN'S troopers hanging
on their flank and rear they cannot march so as
to outstrip even the Federal infantry, and hence
there is every probability that the further retreat
will be marked with a series of combats,
in which there can be no result, ex-
cept further carnage of Confederate soldiers
and capture of Confederate prisoners, until the
whole army is dispersed. In truth, so evident is
the hopelessness of the case, that we find Santa-
DAN, in his last despatch, announcing a confident
expectation that a capitulation must follow. And
with the Appomattox in their rear, and a distance
of still fifty miles to traverse before the shelter of
Lynchburg could be reached, the position of the
handful of men who still remain under Lee's com-
mand was indeed desperate.
Thus, then, ends the possibility of a reunion
between the forces of LEE and JOHNSTON, and of
a stand made against GRANT and SHIRMAN in the
mountains of East Tennessee or North Carolina.
From the position of the hostile army it is impos-
sible that, even if he escape capture at once, Lee

can effect a junction with Jos/taro*
thus, the oonclnaion cannot be far oij The Con-
federate Commander-in-chief misantoriils all his
skill, prolong for more than a few days
a contest of 15,000 men against 50,000. But
Jostrarow is in peril. only one degree less imme-
diate. He has been unable to resist SHILIAL&N'S
advance, even when SELMAN was driving him
back on his supports, and bad himself no direct
aid from GIANT. What stand can JOHNSTON
make now that he has no support, and now that
when he falls back he must encounter Gaktrr on
his rear or flank, while Snassait presses his
front f The Confederate partisans, who yesterday
morning pointed out the brilliant strategy by
which Las had placed his army in a position of
strength and security, will, perhaps, be able to
give still an answer to this question ; but calm
observers of poising events can have but one
opinion upon it.
Whether the contest, thus, so far as armies in
the field are concerned, vi•tuaally at a close, will
be prolonged by a frantic resistance of small
parties, or an attempt at guerilla warfare,
lies with the Confederate people alone to
decide. There are doubtless some among
their leaders whose counsel will still be
for war, since peace, by negotiations which
would secure them rank and position, is no longer
to be hoped for. But in the rapid melting away
of Las's army we see ground for trust that these
wild and criminal ideas will find little support.
That army comprised all that remained of valour
and obstinacy in the late Confederacy, yet it has,
in these few days lost more by desertion and the
process of spontaneous breaking down than even
by the attacks of the enemy. This is conclusive
that it has lost hope and heart, as we know the
provinces, and the remaining inhabitants of the
Southern States, long ago had done. Pacifica-
tion, iu these circumstances, follows defeat with no
laggard step:

THE LONDON PRESS AND THE CON-

y may ►al/ their Wood in that coanky until
imply shall IM glad to allow that to rams it in
tfollom." •
itti Auks (Om " argan " of tha Oonfularaim)
Woo then so far from its, " evacuation " of lialmood

"Minim the teepee of the anthem people, it will seu
inspire oonfiduce and arouse afresh the activity of the
widely smattered popnlatiose which complelaed, nab
altogether without the semblance of cause, of bales
sacrifioed to • mistaken point of honour. " W Does the
curtain again rims it will be upon that second stage
of the war which we have of late constantly fore-
shadowed in thews column-4 stag* upon which we look
hopefully bourne it gives the Oonfederates for the 6-st
time the fall benefit of their vast territory, scattered pour.
latiou, and fertile soil, all of wl“ch have heretofore sea fed
the enemy more than themselves ; and it 'magmata' tea
ties of all others best adapted to their genius and lent
to that of their adversary. A loss of prestige in the
eyes of Europe there unquestionably is in entering on
this second stage of the war, but that prestige has
proved banes', and has already been too dearly bought.
Heretofore the war bas been *Deducted as between two
greet rival powers, appealing on equal terms to the
arbitration of UM/ in some quarrel for a frontier
or a right ; but Dow, after an experience so anomalous that
no human foresight could have antioipeted it, it is more
than questioaakde whether it would not have been Cur if
this second stage bad been made the first ; if the forma-
tion of a permanent constitution and the cumbersome
machinery of a firmlpseated government had been post.
poned until the return of pule, and if the wr- bad been
waged more in accordance with the necessities of the
country than with the formalities of a rank among nations
which has not been teoogu'esd."

gin Ceara.

WINDSOR CASTLE, APRIL 19.

The Queer', with Princess Louise, drove out
yesterday afternoon, attended by Lady Churchill, and
walked and drove in the grounds of the Outle thin morning.
Prisons Helena aleo want out walking.

Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office
from the Governors of the Australian eolontes, Ceylon,
Hoag Kong, Mal a. and Gibraltar. Despatches were seat
to the Governors of Gibraltar, Malta, the Mauritius, Ga-
-1 Jon, Hong Komi, Libyan. the Cape of Good Hope, Natal,
land the Australian **lonia.

111UBSDAY

LATJ

SPAIN.

HUNGARY.

UITELLIGENCE.

"Itis an aphorism with a oerteln class of poli-
ticians," says the demi, National, " that an abor-
tive insurrection gives additional strength to a go-
vernment. If such be the case, the ministry of
Marshal Narvaez vim soon be in a very flourishing
condition. The manifestations of the capital are
spreading through the provinces. After Barcelona,
Saragoesa had its pronunciamiento. Nor does there
seem to be any great confidence in the provisional
tranquillity of Madrid. The government appears
to foresee that it will soon have another opportu-
nity of consolidating itself. A proclamation of the
governor-general has just been published announ-
cing the measures he will take to put down any dis-
turbance that may occur when the people assemble
in great numbers for the approaching bull-tight.
Marshal Narvaez would perhaps act wisely in not
carrying to excess hire system of coiroboranto.
People have been known to die of a plethora of
health-"

(arum's ILLIGIUM.)
ILLNESS OF THE CZAREWITOIL

ST. PETEREIBOBA, Ann. 20.

Dr. Zdeckauer, the phyaioian of the Emperor,
e-rived at Nice on Tuesday last. He found the
Crarewitch suffering from inflammation of the
spinal marrow and of the brain. The inflammatory
symptoms have :since decreased, but the fever and
debility still continued. Early yesterday morning,
after a sleepless night, the fever increased, but the
symptoms of cerebral inflammation were less. The
patient can still move his limbs. Fears are enter-
tained for his Ffe.

PE3TB, Ana. 20.

The Hungarian authorities have notified that
the increased powers and jurisdiction of the
Ciourts-martial will cease on and after the lst of
May next.

685•
RG, APRIL.

LAW INIIELLIGENCE
(TEX DAY.)

COURT OF QUZZNI3 BILNOH.
Satiny in Bampo.— Laid Met Julius exitharo,
sad Jantiooo44Wll. Mellor, sad Eibmi.)

NOV QOM% 000111114
Kr. Gifferd Lavin hem welled Qesse's Geinend was
this morning celled trial. the Mr.
HAM= AND ANOTHER V. CARL
Mr. Middlemen, ,O. maldthis was an sotto* bled before
Mr. Baron Pigott, at Oxford, when the *audits were ow.
suited, with leam to mom to enter the verdict for
them for 211. 13a. The seem was brought by theplaiatiffs,
executors of • person mimed Parsee, against the didarket
for gooda supplied to him in hie bade. 'The quesike tuned
upon whether a eertain letter took the case out of the
Statute of Limitatiorm the goods Lein beet lapeld mere
than six years before the rionisarmeroset of the action. The
plaintiffs ses the Bth March, 1864, applied by letter to the
ddendant for wriest of the deemed which was =
by the Wooden* brother by the defendant's
That letter stated that the defeadaat's &flake were is the
heeds of his solicitor and that the memate were fast ago-
reaching completim, " sod ant of the fret meow le re-
ceived he wield send the amount of the late Yr. Fanned
oleim." The loomed counsel contended that that was a
mfficieit premise to make the defendaist liable.
The court considered the statement had referees*
to his affairs, which were then being wound up,
and wee not a sufficiently bindiog premiss oo him to my
when of ability to do so. It WY II MEMO to pay out of
certain funds which he expected to ream when hr affein
IMO wound up. It was oily a aoaditional promise, and as
there WM ao evidence given on the trial that there was any
toads. then should be no rule.

Rule refused.
wwwrow v. IZILSRAW.
In ibis cue, which was moved yesterday by U. IL
Chambers, Q. 0., the Lord Chief Judie, mid the cent had
ecessolted the leaned baron who bled the are, sad then
would be a rule.

Ride granted.
3XYZIOLDS AID ANOTHER T. JIM
Mr. Temple. Q.C., said this was ea interpleader hum
tried before Mr. Justice elsee at LiverpooL The ear
did not, however, go to the jury, sod es the fads
were speed to on both sides, a verdiet wee takes cs •
matter of form for the plaintiff, with leave to the defendant
to move to set the roadie' aside sad ester it for him. It
appeared that • vessel sailed the D. Jim arrived la Liver-
pool, and discharged her cargo in the Mosley Docs, whoa
the plaintiffs tendered the freight upon • bill of lading, sad
divided the cargo, bat, u the defendant or his agents
bad g:vea notice to the do* authorities not to deliver them
up they declined to do so, and the plaintiffs oommenaed
as halos against the dock emnpany. The question was
whether under the circumstances the plaistiffe wore entitled
to the cargo or the defendant's agents, who had • lien upon
the freight under a charter party.
Rule granted.