The Express.
London, England, 1848-01-27 00:00:00

GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION TO AUS-
TRALIA.

Sir,—l beg leave tosOlicrtiOur powerful influence,
as a public journalist, on behalf of the colony of New South
Wales (including, of course, the extensive district of Port
Phillip), in a matter in which that colony is deeply inte-
rested, and has unquestionably been seriously wronged.
In the year 1831 the old system of making free grants of
kind to respectable emigrants who chose to settle in New
South Wales was discontinued, and the present practice of
selling the waste lands by public auction, at not less than a
certain minimum price per acre, and devoting the proceeds
of such sales to the promotion of enliaraton from the
mother country, was introduced and es:ablished. During
the first ten years of this new system upwards of a million
sterling was realised from the sale of waste land in New
South Wales, and upwards of 60,000 emigrants were con-
veyed to that colony from Great Britain and Ireland
at the public expense—l mean at the expense of the colony.
There was doubtless much, and indeed enormous, specula-
tion in land towards the close of the period I have men-
tioned, the result of which was a subsequent period of
general d, pression and of extensive ruin, during which the
land fund ceased to be productive for a series of years; but
the case which I am now to submit for your consideration
and interference respects the manner in which the fund was
expended while it was actually in existence, and in which, I
am sorry to add, that fund is still expended now that it has
again become productive and government emigration to
Australia been partially resumed. For the colony having
latterly recovered from the deep depression in which it was
overwhelmed for three or four years in succession, com-
mencing /with the year 1842, and waste land having again
become an article of value in the colonial market, the local
governor has recently authorized the constituted authori-
ties at home to resume government emigration to New
South Wales to the extent of 5,000 statute adults—i. a., of
• number of men, women, and children whose united pas-
sage money will not exceed that of 5,000 adults.
When this government emigration system commenced, in
the year 1833, the indulgence of a free passage out was at
first restricted to unmarried females; but the enormous
abuses to which this peculiar species of emigration was very
soon subjected, in the hands of certain notoriously unprin-
cipled speculators in London, speedily led to its discon-
tinuance. The classes to which the indulgence of a free
passage out to Australia was next extended were those of
mechanics, agricultural labourers, and shepherds; and
naval officers of standing and experience, principally
surgeons in the royal navy, were employed by
the government in selecting suitable emigrants of all these
classes in various parts of the United Kingdom. Un-
der this change of system a large number of really useful
families and individuals were introduced into the colony,
end as the naval officers employed in selecting these emi-
grants visited successively the different localities of all the
three kingdoms in which suitable emigrants were likely to
be found in considerable numbers, the boon to the humbler
classes of the mother country which the system implied was
pretty equally distributed over the three kingdoms.
But this fair and equitable procedure did not suit the
views of certain reckless speculators, who had determined,
if possible, to get the trade entirely into their own hands,
and who, unfortunately for the colony, were but too suc-
cessful. A hue and cry was accordingly raised in the colony
against the home government management of emigration,
and a system was devised and carried into effect for its
future management, the meet reckless in its character, the
most diecreditable to the home government, and the must
calamitous in its results to the whole colony.
Under this notorious system bounty orders, as they
were called, were issued by the local government to
all who applied for them, and these orders entitled the
holder to a certain amount of bounty or passage money
for any number of emigrants he might import, not
exceeding the number specified in the order. These
orders were issued under the specious pretext of affording to
the landholders and other proprietors of the colony the means
of selecting suitable persons, of the requisite classes in the
mother country, to be employed in their service respectively
on their arrival in the colony. But as not one in • thousand
of these proprietors had any connexions at home, or any
means of selecting suitable persons for their employment in
the mother country, the orders became, from the very first
(as any person of the smallest modicum of common sense
might have foreseen), a mere article of merchandise in the
colonial market. One Sydney house, for example, obtained
an order for the government bounty for 700 emigrants, and
sold it immediately to another house that had more exten-
sive connexions with the emigration jobbers at home, for one
pound per bead of the wbble number of emigrants to be im-
ported, or 7001. altogether. In short, one can scarcely con-
ceive a case in which the best and dearest interests of an en-
tire community could be more shamefully compromised and
sacrificed than those of the reputable inhabitants of New
South Wales undoubtedly were in the instance in question.
oy an incapable and reckless government. And aithouah
ono cannot help feeling indignant at the manner in. which
certain unprincipled speculators in this country availed
themselves of the facilities that were thus afforded them (or
ruining the colony by wholesale, the principal share of the
blame ought undoubtedly to rest on the local executive of
the period.
The emigration trade (which had in the meantime become
sufficiently extensive to imply a bounty emigration to Aus-
tralia of from 10,000 to 20,000 souls per annum' and a govern-
ment expenditure on emigration of upwards of 200,0001 a
year), was now gradually concentrated in the hands of a few
extensive jobbers in London. There were others in the line
in Liverpool and Scotland. for example, and among these
there were occasionally. upright and honourable persons, who
made • proper sod Judicious selection of emigrants, and
who, consequently, deserved well of the colony. But the
principal jobbers in the line were in London.
Them parties soon discovered that it would not suit their
peculiar views and interests to send their ship. for bounty
emigrants to the northern ports of England, to the east or
west of Scotland, or to the north of Ireland, as had been
the practice under the management of the home government.
They could get a cheaper article for the inferior market of
New South Wales much more conveniently, at far less ex-
pense to themsekes, in the south of Ireland. And accord-
ingly they had their whippers. in employed for years toge-
ther on the most extensive scale in the counties et Cork,
Dublin, Limerick, and Tipperary, to offer • free pump to
New South Wales to all who chose to accept of it. Characters,
which were required in the colony, pro forma, were mum-
factored in Ireland by the hundred, for people who notori-
ously had never had any characters before, and who, in net
• few instances, as was fully ascertained at the time, ob-
tained such characters for the very purpose of enabling their
respective parishes to get rid of them on any terms. And
whenever a sufficient number of these worthies was collected
at the various depots in Ireland, they were shipped off like
a kofila of neggo Planes from the barracoon in Aides, by the
next Cork or Dublin steamboat, for Plymouth Sound;
where a bounty emigration ship from London would he ready
to receive them, and be off immediately thereafter for New
South Wales.
Persons unacquainted with there matters would naturally
suppose that a bounty emigrant ship, sailing successively
from two English ports—vix , London and Plymouth, would
have her emigrants chiefly from England; fur, in ordi-
nary times, there can be no difficulty in inducing any num-
ber of reputable persons of the humbler classes in any of
the three kingdoms to accept of a free passage to Australia.
But so much the contrary was the fact, that in some
of these bounty ships from London and Plymouth, the
bounty emigrants were exclusively Irish, while in all of
them the Irish constituted the great majority. In short, the
London emigration jobbers, who had got a virtual monopoly
of the trade in their own hands, for a series of years during
the period when bounty emigration flourished, found it their
interest to lay in their provisions and water, with whatever
amount of cargo and whatever cabin passengers they could
procure in the port of London; and, as Plymouth Sound
was quite in the track of vessels bound to New South Wales
from London, these vessels could touch there on their way
down the Channel, without loss of time, and be filled up
with their live lumber from the Cork and Dublin steamboats
(that were usually ordered to lie alongside the emigrant

] ships for the pamose), in a few minutes. I happened to go
to New South Wales myself, in one of these London and
ships, and, consequently, had an opportunity of
mein the whole process, by which the best and dearest in-
tends of a noble colony were sacrificed and ruined by whole-
ale, in full operation.
The great majority of these Irish bounty emigrants were
Roman catholics of the lowest order. In some instances, in
the case of the fiondon and Plymouth ships, that were made
the subject of note and comment in the colony (as in that of
the Glenswilly), the proportion of catholic' to protestants
was ea high as seventeen to one. And this was by ao means
a solitary case of the kind. The following is an analysis of
the emigrants in the cage of another ship, the Portland,
which arrived in the colony from Leaden and Plymouth
about the same time as the Glenswilly, early In 1841, and
of which some notice was taken at the time in the Colonial
press:
From England. From Leland. Total.
Married families
Unmarried men......... 7
Unmarried females I
The gross number of Roman catholic bounty emigrants
by this vessel was 169, while that of the protestants (who
consisted slmoet entirely of persons who had been engaged
at home either by or for particular colonial proprietors) was
only 68.
Besides, a wry large proportion of these Irish bounty
emigrants were totally unacquainted with the peculiar pur-
suit of the colony, that of tending sheep and cattle, and
were generally very unwilling to go to the interior at all to
be employed in that sway, so long as they could manage te
pick up a living in any way about the towns of Sydney and
Melbourne. In this way, while the settlers and squatters
in the interior, for whom this extraordinary supply of labour
was principally intended, were often left destitute of avail-
able hands, these colonial towns were suddenly swelled out
into the most extravagant proportions. For, it is a remark- '
able fact, (and I have just assigned the principal canoe of it)
that these towns contain, respectively, not lees than a third
of the entire population of the extensive provinces of which
they are the capitols • Sydney having a population of 60,000,
while that of New ileouth Wales Proper, of which it is the
capital, isabout 150.000 • and Melbourne having a popula-
tion of upw -ids of 11,0130. while that of the whole province
of Port Phillip, of which it is the capital, is not above
33,000. •
Now, considering that the respectable colonists of New
South Wales and Port Phillip, the teen who in ten years bad
contributed upwards of a million sterling to the Colonial
Land Fund, from which alone this emigration was paid for—
considering, I say, that these coloaists consisted, in the pro-
portion of at least 19 out of every 20, of English and Scotch
protestant', it was an enormous and intolerable grievance to
have their adopted country swamped and ruined in this way
with a horde of Irish Roman catholice, generally of the most
inferior description, both in point of moral character and of
general ability. At the time when this disproportionate
Irish emigration was going on, the Richlands of Scotland
were teeming with a superabundant population, of whom
thousands and tens of thousands would gladly have availed
themselves of a free passage out to Australia, if they had
had a chance offorded them. And as the Highlanders are
I almost exclusively a semi-pastoral people, accustomed from
their infancy to the management of cheep and cattle, and
consequently preferring such an employment to any other,
they would just have been the very people for the pastoral
colony of New South Wales, and would gladly have gone
forth on their arrival in the colony to resume their old pur-
suits in the distant interior, instead of lying, like multitudes
of the Irish bounty immigrants, as a dead weight upon the
towns of Sydney and Melbourne. But the colonists had un-
fortunately no voice in the managem- nt of their own affairs
at the period I refer to, and they had consequently to take
such measures as were meted out to them in the matter of
immigration, as well as in every other, from the wretched
government of the late Sir George Gipps, who, I have no
hesitation in adding, did infinitely more harm to the colony
of New South Wales in its best and dearest interests in this
one particular than all his predecessors put together.
No wonder, therefore, that there should have been loud
and frequent complaints in the colony, both in the legisla-
tive council and out of it, on the subject of this immense pre-
ponderance of Irish Roman-catholic immigration. The fol-
lowing is an extract (from ono of the colonial papers of the
day) of a report of a debate on the subject in the old legisla-
tive council of New South Wales, on the 22nd Oct., 1840
The Governor drew the Minikes of the council to the fact, that for
1000 tweets in 1809, there were botween Mend MO easigranta main-
tained by government until they could obtain employmeet.
Mr. ,Maxland mid they only remained is the immigrant barracks
Omens. they loitering about there; many of them, to his
knowledge, very rod offers.
The Colonial Secretary said this was founded on the evidence of Mr.
Plnnock [the Immigration agent).
The Attorney-General [Mr. Plunket, an Irish Boman catholic] mid
that another rector for their remaining on band. was to he found in
Mr. Knuckle evidence, and that wive that they were Irish Mni-
granta, and they remaincel on hind because they were Irieb, and for
tisat reason alone. Mr. Pinnock stated shot they were unserviceable,
ha be did not state how or why, and there could be no doubt that it
wee the sett-With feeling which presented them from being engaged
while thin wee any inarnigrthts from England or Scotland, although
idiom were found to be as !rood servants, us good shepherds, and
gerMil to every respect.
Jemairerved, that the learned Ationtey-Otneral had mid
iblettheth easauMlri.h feeling in the colony. lie (qr. Jones) was
ea
awn aloe& a feeling, but at present none but Irish emigrants
wee ant out, and he did think it a greet disadvantage to the colony
es del esthete but Irish ; and if our time position were known in
Mdbe felt confident that we should get them as fast from Eng-
iee now did from Ireland. lls liked nationality, and if the
Attorney-General liked to see Irish people arriving, he (Mr. Junes)
would like to see the balance restored by the introduction of a number
at Englah people.
It is evident from this passage, notwithstanding the dis-
claimer of the learned Attorney-General of New South
Wales, that so early as the year 1839 a large number of the
Irish bounty immigrants were found quite unserviceable by
the colonists; that as a general rule Irish immigrants were
lever hired while coy English or Scotch emigrants could
be got; and that, whether from their owa unwillingness to
premed to the interior, or their not being readily hired by
the settlers for the reason I have mentioned, they remained
in large numbers as a burden upon the gorernment and the
public in the principal towns of the colony. That I am not
drawing au unwarrantable inference from the tech above
stated, will appear from the following extract of the evidence
of Alexander Thomson, E.q., one of the original members of
the present legislative council for the district of Port Phillip,
given before a select committee of that council, on immigra-
tion, in the year 1843:
Generally speaking, do you find men who come from towns willing
to engage as labour,rs or eliephera, in the oountryt—There is • di.
inelinataon on the part of seals persons to go Into the interior. We
have had a great many immigrants brought to Port Phillip who are
Nearly orient in point of intellect they are inferior to oar own
do
elbeefabh•
Whet they repreeent themselves se lieteglabourers.
Where do they come hotel—The south of
In October, 1840, Mr. Jones wished " to see the balance
restored by the introduction of a number of English people,"
as " none but Irish emigrants had been sent out" for some
time before. The reader will see whether this reasonable
wish of that respectable English colonist was reedited, from
the following extract of the report of the select committe of
the legislative council on immigration fur the year 1842, of
which Bishop Broughton was chairman:
Tour committee have, in conclusion, to draw the attention of the
council once more to the extreme disparityexisting in the proportionate
numbered immigrants from the different quarteraof the United King-
dom. The returns an.iexed will show that, between the lit of Jun.,
1641, and the3oth of June, 1842, the numbered immigrants, from Ire-
land alone has amounted to 16.892, while three from all other pores
of the United Kingdom have been no more than 0,438. It is the de-
cided opinion of your committee that such a distribution is practically
inequitable towards the most considerable division of the empire at
large. • • • Under the present arrangement, the greater portion
both of England and eon land is almost precluded the opportunity of
profiting by the offer of a free passage, and therefore contributes, in a
very inconsiderable degree, comparatively, to increase the population
of the colony. W. G. Austae-ue.
Council Chamber, Aug. 26, 1642.
That such feelings are still largely participated in by the
protestant colonists generally, will appear from the follow.
ing quotations from the language of live or six petitions,
which were forwerded to L ,rd Stanley from ewe rue localities
in the Port Phillip district of New South Wales, in the per
1846, but which did not arrive in England until some time
atter the installation eat Earl. Grey into the principal secre-
taryship of the Colonial Department:
To the Right lion. Lord Stanley, her Mae sty's Principal Secretary
of date for the Colonim, &a. arc. he., the petition of the fladersithed
landholders, stockholder., merchants, and other protestant Inha-
bitants of [the Follicular locality mentioned in the petition) in the
district of Port Phillip humbly ehoweth, That the population of Port
Phillip, which at present amounts to nearly 30,000 mule, has hitherto
competed of the two following claw sr, see. :—First, of mg ruble free
imrahrrthet, arriving either direct from the mother country, or from
the old eculemente of New South Wales and Van Dierneres Land, and
pokeweed resectively of a comparatieele large amount of capital of
canons descri Alone; the stock brlenging to this clam of the com-
ment y of Port Phillip, at the prevent moment, amounting to two
militons four hundred thoumnd sheep, two hundrel thousand horned
cattle, and nine thciesed borve,, or thereby; while they have paid
into the colonial trimury the ing the het nine years, the sum of four
hundred and thirteen thoueand three hundred end bite-three pounds
eleven shilling% and eighipence •terling, for lands and town al otments
, purchased in the distitct : second, of free immetianta of the claw of
farm sin mate shepherds. mechanics, and labourers, with their wives
snd children, who hove been imported during the same period at the
gable expense, with the tends arising from the sale of ouch land and
town allotments; the entire number of cooricts and emancipated
omelets in the district who hese bees introduced respectively from
New south Wee., and Van Likewise Land, in the service of stuck-
holders thrleing from thew eettlemenbe having hitherto been very
small in propertion to the rest of the population ; that of the
former of the two claws above mentioned, the masters or em-
ployers of Libor, 85 per Cent., or thereby, are natives of
England and Scotland, and the remaining 15 per cent of Ire-
lend, simian the whole of this chute being British proteetante
while of the latter claw -We Ferrante or labourers—the proportions
may be ieferrid trom the following fact, exhitetcd in the " Report of
the Immigration Cientuittee of the Le,ddative Council of New South
ti ales" for the yeor tete vie. : that the told amount of immigration
into the entire celony :rom the Ist January ISI I till the 30th of June,
Is 4 (at woich peri et immigration received a temporary- chi eke, was
16,092 from Ireland, ebiefly Korn.n whetes from the southern por-
tions of that teland, mot only 8,434 teen Engle-rebind Scotland together;
that without desiring to impute blame in any 'eerier particulate,. fur
the utiemanagentent which such • date of [tongs would appear to
imply in the immigration department of the public service of this
colony, your petitioners would beg most reepeettully to submit to
your lordship, whether it is not a manifest injuthee to the bumbler
clam. of Great Britain as well as to your lordship'. petitamiese, anal
the other peeve:cc Inhabitant, of Port Phillip, who hare hitherto
been the principal if not the exclusiee contrabaton of the tmmication
fund, that Ireland should miss derive (onetime the amount °tamest
to *hick i is fairly entitled from the empewdhare of that took es
compared with England and Scotland tossiaer • that inemirstle . at
the public expense, which Lae for several Pet heel aletentlasell
in consequence of the temporary estlestloa of the teal hod awl Ike
general oppression et the colony, is war eageettel to de remesd
the retaining pee; enty of the soaddy. In Wee •aeneukthe
petitioners request tat ins keithip yenta simply afford " soda dua-
lities as may be foetid ri cowry or degrade for ensuring a ecaders-
ono dream of yeoman tinuaerratku from Great Britain aid due ger&
of Ireland into thin territory, and thereby to re,tore eat le
the equilibrium of ...Arty in this magnihwot province of Crl
empine.—aelinstrne, Peke, 1846.
In sli.,rt the process that has been par-ued for a long
period, through the gross and culpable mismanagement of
the local government under the late Sir George Gipps, and
the systematic indifference and neglect of the imperial
authorities, in taking the money contribliteo for the purchase
of wane land by the respectable protestant colonists of New
South Wales and Port Phillip, and expending it in inunda-
ting these noble col hies with an Irish Roman catholic host
from the counties of Cork, Limerick, Roicormnon, and
Tipperary, is unjust and cruel in the extreme to the colonists,

ruinous in the higliestdegree to the best and dearest interests
of their adopted ooantry, end thoroughly discreditable to all
ooneerned.

—.—
There is an idea frequently put forth with something like
an air of authority, by certain portions of the metropolitan
press, and in particular by your Meekly contemporary, the
Spectator (whose dogmatism on colonial subjects is generally
in the inverse ratio of his means of information), viz.: that
the Southern Irish are • totally different people abroad from
what they are at home, and that we have only to ship them
off for the colonies to effect this general and most desirable
transformation. Sir, if this idea were well founded it would
contradict the uniform experience of mankind in every
' other ease of the kind, as embodied in the well-known
maxim—
" Cmlam, non animism, mutant qui trans mare currant..
Men change their clime, bat not their minds, who par tested the
But the idea in question is totally unfounded. The southern
Irish, I sin sorry to say, are precisely the same people abroad
that they are at home—the same impracticable, ungovern-
able, turbulent race; never satisfied with the same measure
of liberty and equality that uniformly satisfies the Anglo-
Saxon race, but always ready, wherever they. find them-
selves in considerable numbers, to appeal to physical for.ai in
the most brutal forms, to overpower the free expression of
public opinion, and te put everybody else down; abject
slaves to their own ambitious and intriguing priesthood, and
fiercely intolerant towards all other nations and denomina-
tions ; vindictive in the extreme, wherever they find them-
selves or their leaders thwarted In any way, and bloodthirsty
in precisely the same form and style as that national quality
now exhibits in the proclaimed counties of Ireland. This, I
maintain, notwithstanding the Spectator, is the uniform cha-
racter and disposition of these people, w'hether in Montreal
and Philadelphia, in Sydney and Melbourne, or in Limerick
and Tipperary. Sir, lam not one of those illiberal protest-
ants who would willingly monopolise all the honours and
emoluments of the state, and refuse to share them with our
Irish Roman catholic fellow-subjects, under the notorious
pretext of strengthening the interests of our common pro-
testentimm. On the contrary, I am one of that numerous
and rapidly increasing body of liberal protestants, of all com-
munions, in the United Kingdom, who conceive that no
government measure of pacification for Ireland will ever be
found effectual till the grand eye sore, the monster grievance
of the Romish community in that country, I mean the pro
tenant church as a national establishment, is entirely re-
moved. But while lam decidedly of opinion that this sacri-
fice to political justice is absolutely necessary for the peace of
that unhappy country, I do not conceive that protestantisoi,
in connexion even with the national church, would suffer in
the slightest degree from the change. On the contrary, I
believe it would rise from the supposed wreck and ruin of
such a catastrophe far wealthier in reality, far stronger, and
far more efficient than ever. Entertaining such opi-
nions, I trust I shall not be misunderstood when I
maintain that the actual character and dispositions of the
southern Irish—in whatever manner that character and
these dispositions may have been acquired—rend. r them a
peculiarly undesirable and dangerous element in any CUM-
munity, whether at home or abroad, and justify to the
fullest extent the often•repeated c .mpinints and remon-
strances of the Protestant colonists of New South Welts
and Port Phillip, of which I have just given a few spici-
mens above on the subject of Irish Roman catholic immi-
gration.
Permit me to close this long epistle with • few practical
illustrations of the truth of my position—via., that the
southern Irish are precisely the same people wherever
they go.
In themonth of May or June last a hurling match (a bois-
terous Irish nationsl game).was duly announced in the colo-
nial papers to take place in the neighbourhood of Sydney
between the counties of Limerick and Tipperary ; the num-
ber of bounty imruicrants from these counties
(who, instead of proceeding to the interior, where
&sone their services were required, as farm labourers
and shepherds, fix themselves as a dead weight upon the
town of Sydney, to be ready for any scene of turbulenoe
that might offer) being so considerable that they can fight
already by counties in the colonial capital. But the police,
having understood that the whole affair was intended as •
mere demonstration of physical force, to overawe the peace-
: ably disposed portion of the community, intcrferedto prevent
it, and the hurling match was consequently prohibited.
About the same time a regular denuntiatory letter, written
in the genuine Roscommon and Tipperary style, which had
jest been received by a respectable and inoffensive publican
in the neighbourhood of Sydney, was laid before the mayor
and city council at one of their meetings. It threatened the
life of the publican, which, it informed him, would certainly
be taken shortly—hecausa he was an Orangeman. There
have been several Orange societies formed for mutual pro-
tection within the last two or three years, both in Sydney
and Melbourne; but they were uniformly called into exist-
ence by the peculiarly offensive displays of the usual insignia
of Irish popery that had previously been made fir years
before by the St. Patrick's societies, the Guild of St. Joseph's
societies, and the ribbon and repeal societies of these colo-
nial towns. The Orangemen of Melbourne in particular had
never walked in procession, and had no intention of doing
so; but they kad arranged to dine together on the 'naive'
sary of their hero in July 1846; and they had accordingly
displayed one of their flags from the window of an inn in
Melbourne on the day in question. This, however, was
sufficient to inflame the wrath of the Irish bounty immi-
grants of Melbourne and its vicinity, who, although they
had themselves been permitted for years before to march in
procession with the most offensive Popish ensigns displayed
publicly whenever they thought proper, without the slight-
est molestation, assembled immediately in great force with
firs-arms and bludgeons to interrupt the Orange dinner, and
they actually set both the civil and military authorities of the
place at open defiance, and kept the town in a complete state
of anarchy and alarm for two whole days together.
Now the general election at Port Phillip in the year 1843
was made to turn in great measure, through the mismanage-
meat of the would-be O'Connell of the province, on the
question of Romish ascendancy in the district. It had been
understood for months beforehand that the only candidate
for the town of Melbourne (Me. Edward Cure, • Roman
catholic, who was rather popular in the district) would be
returned without opposition ; but this gentleman, not satis-
fied with the certainty of being returned himself for the
principal locality in the province, which he would have been
if he had only kept quiet, insisted on being permitted to no-
minate the other fivo representatives of Port Phillip, and
especially to exclude a particular individual, who, it seems,
had written a pamphlet on the social and political dangers to
be apprehended from a continuance of Irish Roman catholic I
immigration. In short, the contest was thus made to turn
entirely on the question of Romiah ascendancy, and as soon
as the protestant electors became aware of the fact, they gave
Mr. Cure his mittimus forthwith, and elected as their repre-
sentative their own mayor, H. Condell, Esq. This, of course,
led to a frightful riot on the part of the Irish bounty immi-
grants, with the usual accompaniments of outrage both on
life and property ; and so great was the danger to the com-
munity at large on the occasion, that Mr. Cure actually
boasted publicly, that it was entirely owing to him (through
his influence with the Irish Roman catholic mob) that the
inhabitants of Melbourne had not had the town burnt about
their ears I
. .

There was a popular preacher at Melbourne about this
period, on a visit from a distant part of the colony, whose
zeal for protestanti-m, although entirely unaccompanied
with anything in the style of orangeism, had, it seems, given
offence to this peculiarly " excitable" people (to use the
phraseology which has recently been sanctioned by episcopal
authority in Ireland). That preacher was engaged to offi-
ciate in a protestant church in Melbourne one Sunday
evening, and a large congregation was assembled on the
occasion. Among those present, however, there were ob.
served several notorious ruffians of the class of Irish bounty
immigrants, penons who had never been known to enter a
protestant church before, having fire-arms and other lethal
weapons concealed about their persons. These persons were
actually in the gallery, doubtless watching their opportu•
nity for a quiet shot, or for the means of raising a riot, when
one of the aldsrmen of the town waited upon the clergyman
and told him undid!), that he could not be answerable for
the peace of the town if he appeared in the church that
evening. The congregation had, consequently, to be dis-
missed immediately, as divine service could not be solem-
nised under the circumstances.
It is surely quite preposterous, therefore, for Mrs. Chis-
holm, a ...lout Roman catholic lady, recently from the Aus-
tralian colonies, and a strenuous mivocate for Irish emigra-
tion to Australia, to tell Earl Grey, in a printed letter she
has lately addressed to him, that there is nothing like reli-
gious, dissension in New South Wales. Perhaps Mrs. Chis-
holm did not intend to include Port Phillip in her deurip
Lion, although that province is still a part of New South
Wales. At all events it would be difficult to find a parallel
for this enormous outrage, even in Ireland. The Rev. Mr.
Lloyd, who was recently murdered in that country, was not
shot at in church.
I could easily multiply instances of the same kind, as illus-
trative on the one hand of the peculiar character and tenden-
cies of Iritth Roman catholic emigration, as well as of the
irreparable injury that would be done, on the other, to any
young country by giving a decided preponderance (as has
hitherto been done under tt e government bounty system of
emigration to New South Wales) to this impracticable ele-
ment in the constitution of its society. We all know what
British colonies are, constituted as these communities have
hitherto bees of a decided majority of British protestants—
we know it from the splendid results of British colonisation
during the last two centuries and more. But we have, for-
tunately, no experience as yet—except, perhaps, in the case
of Newfoundland—of what an Iri-h Roman catholic colony
would be, with an abject and degradad people for its inba-
Mtanta, under the absolute domination ut an intolerant and
usurping priesthood. But the ascertained results of Irish
Roman cathoiic bounty emigration to Australia sufficiently
prove that, if the system I have been reprobating is in any
way to be renamed and persevered in, the Autralian colo-
nies will very soon be quite intolerable as a place of perma-
nent abode fur well-disposed protestants of say communion.
—AN AVVIVALIAN COLOMIOT.

WRECE OF THE SHIP IDALIA.—ELETEN LITRE
Leer.—Lettarimeived yesterday from Royan,dated the 18th
instant, communicate the loss of the British ship Idalia,
Captain Keith, of London, with the greater portion of her
unfortunate crew, fourteen in number. The vessel was bound
to Bordeaux, from Hartlepool, which port she left on the
12th. She encountered the gale on the 17th, and it is pre-
sumed that in attempting to run into the Gironde she was
driven on the rocks at the point within a short distance of
Coubre lighthouse. Her boats being washed away the
Brew lock to the rigging, in the hopes of obtaining assistance
from the shore, hut in a few boars the vessel was totally de-
I =Wished, and the crew (with the exception of three seamen)
were drowned. Tooke who escaped were washed ashore on tome
of the fragments of the wreck ; they were discovered by the
men attached to the lighthouse in a most exhausted condi-
tion, and nearly frozen to death. None of the bodies of the
sufferers have been found. The marine authorities have
taken charge of the remains of the wreck and cargo that
have been washed up. It is not known if the vessel is
insured.

Mx Com.

WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—Lord 0. Lennox left the
Castle to-day. Lord and L.dy J. Russell arrived at the
Castle this afternoon on a ' ' to the Queen. Earl Spencer
and the Viscountese Palmerston are also expected to *Merl .
this evening on a visit to her Majesty. The King and Queen
of the Belgians left the Castle shortly before four o'clock this
afternoon for Frogniore-hou-e, and paid a visit to the Duchene
of Kent. The Countess of Desert has left the Castle. The
Viscountess Jocelyn has arrived (rota her residence at Rich-
mond, and hits succeeded the countess as the Lady in Waiting
to the Queen. The Earl of Morton and Sir E. Bowater ►ava
taken their departure front the Csstle, and have been sus
seeded by Lord Byron and Mr. R. Orimby Gore as the Lord
and• Groom in Waiting to her Majesty.
The royal dinner party at the Castle this evennar
will include their Majesties the King and Queen of the
Bei-
ggitans, her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Excel-
lency M. Vett de Weyer, La Marquise de Tr&seyuies, this
Lady in Waiting of the Dachas& of Kent, the Baronet.' De
Speth, Earl Spencer, Vissnunt and Viscountess Palmerston.
Lord and Lady John Russell, Mr. G. E. and the lion. Mr,.
Anson, and Major De Moerkerke.

The Bishop of Manchester had an interview with
Sir o,orge Grey yesterday. The Earl of liarrowhy bad
al..° an interview with the right hon. baronet, at the Homer
office. . .

Mr. Brooke had an interview with Earl Grey yea-
terday at the Colonial-office.
Lord and Lady John Russell left their residence,
in Richmond-part, yesterday afsernoon, for Windsor CYLW..
I)esp,tches were received yesterday at the Colo-
nial-office front the Governor of the Mauritius.

GRAY'S-INN, JAN. 26.—Thomas Norton, Eat. wig
this day called to the degree of barrister-at-law, by the'Hon.
Society of Gray's.inn.
SANITARY REFORM AND THE REPEAL OP THI
WiNDow TAx.—Yesterday a meeting of the vestry of St.
Pancras took place, for the purpose of considering a resole.
tien, of which nudes had been given' with reference to the
repeal of the window tax ; Mr Churchwarden Howarth itt
the chair.—Mr. N Crouch proposed a resolution to the
effect that the duty on windows, by depriving the dwellings
of the people of light and air, is a great cause of disease and
misery, and ought to be abolished ; that this vestry now
pledges itself to adopt every means in its power to obtain the
immediate repeal of this obnoxious tax. Mr. Crouch said
the obnoxious tendency of the window tax and its
operation to the prejudice of the poor in • sanitary
point of view were well known. The sanitary com-
missioners bad themselves admitted that no measure
of sanitary reform toull be perfect which did not de away
with all restrictions upon light and air ; and with regard to
health, they had the evidence of the must eminent mealiest
men in this csuntry that the operation of the windo.e tax
acted most prejudicially, with regard to the health of the
poor, on account of numerous windows having to be blocked
up to enable them to evade the tax. At the present time,
when the government were taking such active measures
with regard to sanitary improvements, proper representa-
tions would, he hoped, induce them to grant • repeal of the
ti window dues.—Mr. Baker seconded the resolution.—After
some discos-ion the resolution was put, and carried almost
unanimously.—Mr. Crouch then moved that a petition to
the House of Common's, signed by the vestrymen, be pm
seated, and that Lord Dudley Stuart be requested to pre-
seta the same, and Sir B. Hall be also requested to support
the prayer of the petition.—Mr. Douglas seconded this re.
solution, which was carried unanimously--Mr. Mann moved
the appoiutment of • committee to carry out the foregoing
, resolutions, which having been adopted, the vestry, atter
some unimportant business, separated.
UNITED MEXICAN MINING ASSOCIATION.—The
half-yearly meeting of the directors and shareholders in thin
association was held yesterday, at the offices in Finsbury-
circus • Sir John Easthom in the chair. The report com-
menced with an expression of regret on the part of the
directors at their Mutability to present a more favourable
'coo int of the operations of the association, which inability
resulted from the unsettled state of Mexico, which had
caused not only • rise in the price of quicksilver, but all
times had been the cause of that article being unobtainable
at any price; consequently the operations of the Haciendas
had been greatly impeded; and in addition to this difficulty,
the rising of the water in the great shaft had occasioned
serious lose. The report went on to state that the directors
felt pleasure in being able to inform the shareholders that
the former of these difficulties was now in a great measure
removed, quicksilver being obtainable in Mexico in large
quantities, at • reduced price. Consequently the 1111C1C11.
des were again fully, and it was hoped profitably, employed.
At Reyes the works of investigation and the outer proceed-
ings of the mine had been prosecuted with due regard to the
equalisation of the expenditure with the produce • and while
the price of all mixing stores had risen, the result showed that
the profit (though small since the last meeting) had at the new
works lately commenced, in great promise, testified itself In
the charace r of the lode and the quantity of the ore Arcady
extracted, which was of a very rich kind. The sum of
1,8821. Is. 5,1. had been received towards the mine debt,
which was now reduced to 675,1761. Is. 6d. The dressed
ores remitted to Hacienda had been 21,108 cargoes, amount-
ing to the sum of 200,6811, Os. 24. Owing to the unsettled
state of Mexico, It had been found impossible to take any
legal steps to enforce the claim on the Zacatecas. The
Haciendas, umsbniug of Dolores, Deniers, and Duran, were
in operation, consequent on the reduction of the ores of
Ragas and those in the contract account. An advanta-
geous contract had been entered into with Sr. Pablo Villa
for the reduction of his ores at the Hacienda of Dolores.
The available asset by the last letters from Mexico wee
72,4091. 6s. 4d., exclusive of bonds for claims on the Mexican
government, amounting to 6,9151. 3s. The financial state-
merit showed, on the debtor side, assets to the amount of
4,0001. in Exchequer Bills ; lent at interest, 3,8001. ; cash at
bankers', 1,3561. 10a.; nuking, with minor items,
9,3251. 6s. &I. The remittances from Mexico, and
interest on Exchequer Bills, amounted to 10,1421. 19s. Bd.,
which, together with smaller sums, showed the total
receipts to be 19,6981. 17s. 6d. ; on the credit side there ap-
pearad an amount charged to the manager in Mexico of
2,6841. 7s. 7d. The London expenses had been 1,701/. 18.3 d.,
which sums, together with ech,r items, showed the en-
tire of the meets in London to be 14,1741. 16s. ed.. liable to
the following items :—Auxiliary capital unclaimed, 1,1021.;
red 'trip unclaimed, 1,6321. 15e. ; Scot dividend unclaimed,
1,4881.: second dividend unclaimed, 1,2701. 15*.; total,
5,3931. 10s., leaving a balance of 8,7811. 6e. 4d. ; of this
balance the chairman stated only about 6,0001. would be
available, which sum, in the present unsettled state of
Mexico, was not considered sufficient to justify the di clam-
tion of a dividend. The report was adopted, and thanks
having been voted to the chairman, the meeting separated.
PROVIDENT CLERKS' AND GENERAL BUILDING
AND INVESTMENT SOCIETT.—The first public meeting of
this society was held last evening at the London Tavern ;
Mr. Jenkin Jones, the actuary to the National Mercantile
Life Assurance Office, presided—The Chairman said this
society. differed from the generality of building societies in
some important particulars. Its leading pnsciples were
perfect equality of benefit between all the members, whether
borrowers or not; and certainty in the amount of advance
to which each member in rotation would be entitled upon
his shares, at any given period of the society's existence.
There would be no bidding for shares; but the advastees
would be merle to vary in amount, with the period at which
they were made, according to fixed tables. Thus' if the
value of the share was paid immediately, the suhseriber
would receive 501. 12s. sd. which was the then present
value of his monthly subscription (for ten years) of lie. a
mouth, interest being calculat.d at the r-te of 7 per cent.—
The secretary then read the rules ; a ponvereation ensued, in
which some amendments were suggested ; and several shares
were afterwards subscribed for.

INQUEST, YESTEEDAT.—SINGCLAR SUICIDE FROM
DISTILESEI.—By Mr. W. Carter, at the Fleece, Duke-street,
Lambeth, relative to the death of Wm Sawyer, aged 47
years, lately residing at No. 10, Commercial-road, who com-
mitted suicide. The deceased was a hairdresser, and a man
of very steady habits, but for the last three months he had
been in the deepest distress in consequence of a great falling
off in his Hale. He had not earned sixpence a day et his
business fur a considerable period, and his pecuniary ditficul-
ties seemed to prey heavily on his mind. On Monday morn-
ing lan, about eight o'clock, the deceased was mL sing from
his bedroom, and on searching the premises the son disco-
vered the deceased head downwards in the water-butt quite
dead. He had placed a ladder by the side to effect
his purpose. Mr. Pape, a Burgeon, was called in, but
all efforts to restore life were of no avail. A female
who had been cohabiting with the deceased as his wife
stated that the deceased had been some years in • Birming-
ham Benefit Society, held at the Britannia, Wandsworth-
road, and that he was entitled to 101., but the officers con-
nected with the club refused to allow the demand, in
consequence of some error which bad been made by the
deceased when he was enrolled as a member.—Tbe Coroner
obeerved that the case was one of a distressing nature, but no
doubt, if the particulars were properly placed before the
stewards or a magistrate, the claim would be handed over to
the son.—A gentleman c.cinected with the society here
stepped forward, and said that the deceased had made a false
representation when he joined, and therefore he was not
entitled to any benefit. However, he would lay tho case
before the committee, and every justice should he shown
to the parties claiming the money. A verdict of "Tempo-
rary insanity" was returned by the jury, who kindly raised
a subscription for the relief of the distressed family.

SCOTLAND.
EDIWWCIOII, JAL 26.
The " defences" of Edinburgh are in a state truly
lamentable. " The whole force," says the superin-
tendent of police, "consists of about 60 men, several
of whom are every day required as witnesses in the
police at d criminal courts, and at precognitions taken
by the procurators-fiscal, and must, for that purpose,
be absent from their beats for hours together; and,
when allowance is also made for hours of relief and
for the number of men required to take char ge of pri-
soners in the criminal courts and to preserve order
there, and at public meetings, all of whom must bs
taken from the above force, very few men are avail
able for regular street duty. St bile the exertions of
an adequate night force have produced a progressivs
decrease in crime committed by night, there has beers
an increase in the number of offences d
There is the unusual number of 66 ' TI
d'
..1
about the town, and the number
.. ,
e. 136.
-
l• .2.,,:: ..,
• .
Ete,i.

seemed by 21 more, who are at present undergoing
short terms of imprisonment. The general prevalence
of disease has also caused a considerable increase in
the number of mon on the sick list." From an after-
report it will be seen that two of the force have been
transported for robbery.
Fever has carried off Dr. Joseph Bell, an eminent
medical practitioner in Edinburgh. The publication
of Major Sharp's letters regarding the internal dis-
cipline of Trinity College, Glenalmond, ham led to
inquiry on the part of the council. As yet the pro-
ceedings have been conducted in private. Dr.
Wordsworth, the warden, has received letters from
most, if not the whole, of the parents of the boys
under his care, expressive of their confidence in him
as a teacher; and these documents, along with the
entire correspondence between him and Major Sharp,
have been laid before the council.
ANOTHER ATTACH HT POACHERS ON SIR JOHN MAl-
inu.ve GAMEXEEPERS.-011 Friday morning last, J.klutchi-
son and .1. Kirk, two of Sir John Maxwell's keepers, when
watching at Cowglen, saw three poachers standing on the
road, and • dog, apparently belooging to them, crossing the
adjoining fields; and the keepers having gone up to the
poachers, one of the latter threw a hare over the hedge. At
this time the poachers' dog came upon the road, and was
shot at by Hutchison, when the three men, two of them
being armed with bludgeons, and the third with an
iron rod or poker, made • furious attack on the
keepers; and the latter, having the worst of it,
and being unable to defend themselves, Kirk ran
to a farm-house for assistance, and while Hutchison
attempted to defend himself with his unloaded gun,
he was repeatedly felled to the A
ground by blows with
the iron rod and bludgeons onsome sharp , and stabbed
in his brebreastand back with weapon, and
soon rendered ins neible. The poachers then made off, Pr-
aying with them a six-barrelled pistol belonging to Hutchison,
and the wounded dog. Hutchison was severely cut on both
sides of his head, his now was severely cut, and also one
of his arms, and he bears on :very part of his body
marks of the violence used towards hiss. The
wounds irsileted with the knife or sharp instru-
meat were not very deep, otherwise one near to the
heart must have proved fatal. Kirk was not so
seriously injured, but he had one of his arms severely
hurt and disabled, and he bears on his person evidence of
violence used by the poachers. Information havel been
given to the procurator fiscal, three parties, sup to be
the persons who committed the assault and rolst:ry, were
apprehended. Out of the poachers has been fully identified
by the gamekeepers.—Our readers (say. the Glasgow
Herald) will remember that, about two months ago, •
similar attack was made by three poachers on Hutchison
and Kirk's brother at Dumbreck, when Hutchisonn life was
put in imminent danger from the violence he then received.
Sairwascas tv ZETLAND.—The John O'Groat Journal,
of last Friday, reports :—" By the Zetland mail, which
arrived on Saturday at Wick, we have been fur-
salad with details of shipwrecks and loss of life,
during the gales which buret with such terrible fury
along these northern coasts, in the course of the past and the
beginning of the present month. Sir large vessels have suf-
fered shipwreck, and five of these are total wrecks. In addi- '
Lion to the truly melancholy catalogue, there were, at the
date of our &deices (4th inet.), reports of other wrecks and
losses of life, hut, as they have not been confirmed, it is bet-
ter not o publish them—the list now furnished being suffi-
ciently long. The following are the particular. :
The barque Harmonic. Hansen, of and from Bergen, for
Venice and Trieste. with &cargo of stock fish, struck on the
south point of the Ness of Quien. east aide of the island of
Yell, on the 15th ultimo, at midnight, and in ten minutes
was reduced to splinters. The crew, twelve in nut:cher, were
saved, and were to be forwarded by the ship Vigilante,
Werge, for Stathelle. A watch was set to guard any portion
of the wreck that might come on shore, but, notwithstand-
ing this precaution, everything was carried off. The
schooner Humber, Frankish, of Hull, for Gothenburg,
with a general and very valuable cargo, was driven on
shore at 10 cm., on the 18th ult., at Housebister, about two
miles from the church of Nesting. Part of cargo and mate-
rials have been saved in a damaged state. A great deal of
plunder is reported to have taken place. The crew. six in
number, arrived at Lerwick on the 22nd ult. The schooner
Oscar, Oray, of Hull, reported from Gothenburg, with a
cargo of sleepers, struck a reef off germ Ting, island of
WhaLay, at 2 p.m , on the 19th ult., and immediately
broke up; crew het. From a part of the a
appears that she left Gothenburg on the 30th oNovember,
put into Arendal on the 4th of li,cember, and sailed again
the 7th. The last entry was made on the 13th, when she
appears to have been under three-reefed mainsail, a single-
reefed foresail, going, with the wind at S., from four to two
=ilex per hour. The brig Amelia, Douglas, of Kirkcaldy,
from Cronstadt, with a cargo of flax and hemp, struck on a
reef off Stave Ness, Nesting, at 2 p.m , on the 19th ult..
and still remains; the cargo is discharging and vessel die
mantling. Should the weather continue fine, it is probable
she may be got off. The ship Clarendon, Macfarlane,
Leith, from Miramichi, with a cargo of timber, was wrecked
at Tress, island of Fetter, on the 19th ultimo; crew, 20
in number, and one passenger, saved, together with the
cargo. The mate, and eight of the crew, and the pas-
senger, arrived at Lerwick on the 25th, to take passage
in the Matchless. The cargo saved is much daunted. The
Clarendon loot her rudder in Sumburgh Roust, two days
previous. The ship Fortuna, from the Baltic, laden with
deals, was totally lost, at midnight, on the 2nd instant, on
• the island of Walsay ; master and nine men saved, and
eight of her crew drowned.

PROVINCIAL.
LANCASHIRE.
INCREASED COST OP PAUPERISM Hr LIVERPOOL,.
A published summary of the expenditure in the relief of the
poor in Manchester in the year ended 31st Dec., 1847, es
compared with that of 1846, showed a large increase. We
(Liverpool Standard) have it this week in our power to give
a similar statement as to the expenditure in Liverpool, which,
however, only embraces the accounts made up to the 25th of
Sept. in each year. We give the amounts for the two years
in juxtaposition :
Tar ended 29th Sept. 1846. 1t47.
Out-door relief .
In-door relief ASH 24473
Medicine 4ll 809
We have thus had, ender the head of out-door relief, an in-
crease of nearly 26,0001. in • total sum of 52,2961. for the
year ; whilst in Manchester the increase was 33,0001. out ef
a total for the year of 48,3211. ; and this notwithstanding the
fact of Liverpool being the gate, as it were, of pauper immi-
gration frost Ireland. The to-door relief is increased above
10,0001. over the amonnt paid in 1846 ; and this includes the
lazarettos and fever sheds. The former of these—the law-
rettoes—cost 4,2281., and the sheds 2 9621., together 7,1901.,
exclusive of salaries. The coot of medicine, which has been
double, shows the sad increase of disease which has pre-
vailed amongst our poor.
IRISH BEGOARS.—At Liverpool police-court, on
Monday, no fewer than 22 natives of Ireland, male and fe-
male, were brought up charged with begging in the streets.
Mr. Rushton, in each cue, said there was a provision for
them in their own country, under the existing poor law, and
pbt to each of them the question, " Will you go home ?"
and stated that, if so, he would pass them. The general re-
plies were, " I will not ;" " I have no business at home ;"
" I have no home to go to ;" and the like. Mr. Rushton
said he should, in all caws of refusal, carry out the law, and
send the parties to gaol for a month. Very few of the num-
ber stated agreed to be passed to their respeetive parishes.
In several instances money wee. found in the pockets of the
parties, and he ordered that the game should be appropriated
towards their maintenance while they were in prison.
YORKSHIRE.
POISONING WITH IMPROPER MEDICINE.—The in-
quest on the bodies of the twin children of John Ryan, of
Leeds, dyer's labourer, whose deaths on Sunday hom having
taken some deleterious powder as a cure for worms was
mentioned in the Ezpress of Tuesday, was commenced
on the afternoon of that. day, at the Court House, Leeds.
The first witness examined was Joseph Bocester, a young
man in the service of Messrs. Belle and Brooke, druggists,
who proved that last Saturday night he sold to a woman,
whom he had since known to be Mrs. Ryan, the mother of
the deceased boys, two powders for children similar to what
he bad sold to her on two previous occasions. He gave her
the powders out of • glass jar in which the mixture was
smelly kept. The powder was compooed of equal quanti-
ties of cream of tartar, prepared chalk, calomel, and scam-
=inky. and each powder contained about three grains. The
shelf on which the powder was kept contained about •
dozen bottles. One of those bottles contained morphia, and
wan the near, at in point of colour to the powder sold to Mrs
Ryan, hut the quantity was different. The bottle con-
taining morphia stood about seven bottles from the other.
John Ryan, the father of the deceased, said that he gave to
the children. about nine ''clock on Sunday morning, the
powders which his wife hod purchased overnight, mixed in a
Tittle tea. He tasted the mixture before he gave them
_it,
and it was very bitter. His wife had told him that they did
not object to Like the powders previeu.ly; but on this occa-
sion they did object to them. About twenty minutes after
he gave them some warm coffee, and he soon afterwards ob-
served that they were not well—there was a trembling of the
limbs, a swelling of the neck, and a rattling of the throat,
with discoloration of the features and great drowsiness.
He told his wife he feared they had taken something wrong,
and they tried to give them some salt and water, to make them
vomit; hut it did not succeed, &J'i as they grew worse they
were taken to the infirmary shout II o'clock, when the
stomach-pump was applied. After he had served the chil-
dren with the tea in which the powders had been mixed,
which he did with a teaspoon, occasionally stirring the liquid,
he saw very little sediment. Two or three ether witnesses
were examined, but they added no new facts. It was stated
that poet molten examinations of the bodies had been made,
hilt that Mr. West, who had been instructed to examine the
contents of tne stomachs, had not been able to complete his
analysis. The inquest was in consequence adjourned to
Monday nest, to hear the merlicil evidence.
WARWICKAIIIRE.
THE CHARTIST LAND SCHEME.—Mr. F. O'Connor,
M P., addressed an assemblage o' about 8,000 persona, in the
Town-hall, as Birmingham, on Tuesday night, in explana-
tion of the principles of his land scheme and labour bank. In
the course of • two hours' sp,ech he reviewed, with ranch
wit-gratulation, his past conduct, and he inveighed with com-
mensurate bitterness against all those who had stood in the
way of the carrying out of his designs. He charged the
rfotof Birminghamwith enpineneu after the termination
ereform straggle, and with having aeglected to de.
Axe. those who deserted the cause of As people. Relbrin
declared to be something like a footman—only Ma-
so long as it brought grist to the mill of
y leaden ; it had served as a stalking-horem by means
hick the people of England had been juggled out of
jest fights; NM if Birmingham had been as staunch

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