The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-19 00:00:00

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LONDON,, WEBB/MAYY, SEPTEMBER 19.
. '
Ili
the *Eden et a great many political writers et
the/pima' day, statestassehip assists merely in re-
at buns—miessieftd jealing, eat
Ctllliggestir limed. That wan M. Guitols- • lulus 'et
sistemanship, and is admired by all ear Miss and
ad ameatio whirs. To develop a eseatijoresources
ee isillmetise, to wider its populatise quiet, through
thediedee and etteshmat, not through fear—that is
▪ ht e
nd. jai far too much skill.
And. geed feeling to be rammed
tie, 1116 : at repression and et tyranny,
anaiipnisd by all the ferias and pretenoss °mal-
adies' gemeniesent, is pensliarly that known by the
smear Nadas& in ban, and, we fear.of ~dere in
imam And tel shall have the same party and the
mail tidies how 'repeated through every country in
a=le Moderedeiste has been maiden& most
entatiatel is in Spats. " Bat of its abets is Spain
asreenshall take another opportuaity to speak.
t beelines is with its result in the great
*May of Cuba. That island has bees ge-
mmed flit a Feat many years by a succession of
Mein& chief., pursuing all and each a Moderado
patsy. General 'VALDEZ was, we believe, the only
genuine liberal governor, and an exaltatio:his exalta-
tion being, that he would not tolerate slavery even to
same a private fortune, and that he scorned oppres-
sion.
The maxims of the thorough liberals of Spain of
the retool of Amusues wen that the optimise
should partake of the freedom of the mother-count,
and send representatives to its assemblies. But the
Moderados, whenever they obtained the ascendancy,
reversed all this, rejected say sea thing as colonial
representation, promised to role each sassy by spe-
cial laws, took care never to keep any such
promise, and have in reality ruled Cuba by military
governors, each of whom toccasion has made
an ample fortthe for himself, and applied the revenues
and the riches of Ceiba to 1111 the empty coffers of the
Queen of SPAIN aid of her domestic government.
The consequence las bean to generate amongst the
Cubans the utmost horror and ecettempt of a
mother country so mean, tyrannical, and ava-
ricious as Spew. The Cubans, indeed, of old enter-
Weed the same sentiments, and an expedition from
Mexico or Columbia, when these states became free,
would have easily made Cuba a republic, but a
Spanish republic. Mr. Cieetteo, however, set his
fame against any each expedition, and the consequence
iq that the Cabana, instead of looking to South Ame-
rica for rescue, er to England for protection, have
tarried more and more each day to the United States,
increasing their connexion with those states, commer-
cially, politically, and privately, by all the bonds
which draw two °pantries thee.
Wlilia in face the governors were filling
their private coffers, Cuba was fast Americanising.
The slave-trade went briskly on, thanks to the
connivathe of governors, who obtained two dollars on
the head at eeth imported slave. As the slave popu-
lation of Cabe increased, that of the English and
French West India island, have booms emancipated.
The width; of Cuba tremble at such a catastrophe
being forced on them by insurrection. They
have frequently desired to atop the slave
importation, but this would neither spit the pub-
lic nor private cupidity of Spanish gover-
nors... And new the planters of Cuba see no hope of
retails. Emir milks as a dominant clue over a
agSrailallabffiell, exempt either as the class ally of
the United States, or as constituting one of those
sides.
• Seth is the position to width the Spanish mo-
dem% government has reduced Cubs. It first shut the
eolooy oat from all free connexion with the mother
saintly, of which it became a mere farm, a plundered
and degraded dependency. It, moreover, disgusted
the planters, by permitting an inundation of slaves,
bight and set to work, not by Spanish or Cuban,
•bie by American capital. By the slave population
;tiemassnay aathorities of the mother country are,
el some. erred. So that the Spanish gowns. et
Cnbustsnole pretty much like that class of tyrants all
'ther Desape, each of whom cantrost neither aristocracy
nor demeracy, and as confide in no one save paid
soldiees. The only security of Cuba exists in its
(anima. Its invaders will meet with no colonial
resistance. The soldiers of the mother country are
alone to be considered as foe..
Sach bring the state of things, is it surprisiog that
adventurous men and bands amongst the Amritsar
meditate the invasion sod conquest of Cabs? Seine,
1,600 men have been got together, a number sertiledy.
insufficient, whilst it would be igainst the please
and the banner te ask for or accept sea{
aid. The true strength of the Spanish goversient, I
the hold of Spain over its colony, might, Moak
be made to consist of this negro population, het
hew well treated, gradually emancipated. and pre-
pared foe .a straggle that must came. But it is
against the me principle to trust the people, or
the lower clause anywhere, be they black, or be they
white. They slimmed the middle elan by their arbi-
trary and thoossiderste rule. They scorn the lower
claes, trust to nothing save their bayonets; and they
call this conservative widen and sage repression as
long es irlasta How, a politician of the NUM=
school would ask, can a system fall in Cuba that
hal succeeded so marvelously is Spain? Bat Spain
has se broth* Jonathan at ha elbow.
Fee the present, indeed, Cuba doss not seem Mien-
Magill Amager. The government of the United
Stain ti honest,and scorns to perpetrate any new
and needless annexation. The public feeling even of
the south is not yet worked up to a Cuban fever,
whilst the anti-slavery party is strong and
vigilant to crush any premature movement for
amemmiag mere, 'lave states. But the current his
set in that direction. Though rots may have died
neglected, his sprit lives in millions of heats. And
is to Spain Manual; the great and important colony
erbith she his bees treatise as a mach cow, with her
taldisrly sets and her natils of government, the
idea is hepokri and award.
• The interests of Zeglaed and of her colonies ate
mss doubt deeply eiseereed in the fate of Cube, Nit
do pot Nee far wblt purpose or with what Latest
.we can interfere. Spam has bees for some years
giving u Cubs to American capitalists, and of course
gayteAtierieth pthey sad ideas. We may
vier to Spain and to Calm a different result. But we
mend smatemot the foolish tendencies of other
theetriel4 and, there all, we cannot undertake to ward
1114 or te pay for, the results of their folly. In ques-
Ago oe,elave.ry, and in the politics of the new world,
'tie isisessfewe, we are of opinion, most be our motto.

0 Om capital is all gone," shouted some of the
ffieserstately assembled at Aylesbury to listen to
Mr. Thsktatatingeniour plait for restoring props-
, city to the tamers by relieving the landlords from a
part of the little taxation they are now subject to.
Now, though it is undeniable that last year was a bad
es! for fanners, seeing that prices were low and cr0p1,,... ctt'lnTer4.7"o,rlLusttett etileen,lad bee
after n
bad season. the Baingliamshire farmers ex-
“ our capital is all gene, people will be apt to
soaped that there was originally but little capital to
go. - Ad that sesplaion would wet; in $ vast number
of instances, be very wide of the mark.
Let knot, howeVer, be 'snpposed that we are blind
to or underrate the difficulties which farmers at this
'goo ',boils uder.:. We know that many of the cal-
culations on whisk they have taken their farms have
proved erroneous, aad that without a revision of
their contracts many of them cannot go on. This
is sufficiently proved by the number cf farms

Oliar
Nth

Ares lei& notwithitaisding present priers, and the
water* of /fr. Dituualt's =militarists, it is matter
d doubt whether that competition is materially dimi-
nished. Our mit columns have die:loud a 'entre-
option the suldeet. A peragraph,extracted from the
...an
:of a seetemporary, lately appeared in our owe,
= items data that a solicitor at Deddiagtoo
lately had twenty applications for a farm by the first
poet after an advetteement of its being to let had
been published. Thereupon "A Constant Beadle"'
takes pen in hand to rm as " that the Hampsbbo
estates lately sold ba
the Duke of BUCIDIGHAX [or
his mortgagees) to Mr. SHILLIT, onseting of the
whole parish of Arington and Eaton, 00114sIsi
y farms, hare been advertised many demi. b
so fanners will take them:" and our Nam
*cadent adds, "with free trade stating thee in"
the face." Now, when the circumstances of the Dake4
of Buclinenue's late property are considered, it
would naturally occur to any one practically
112:Cted with agriculture, that free trade bad pro-
i.tolut litUe to do with the difficulty experienced
in letting such farms. For years past the owners of
these two " whole parishes" have been in such a
state of pecuniary embarrassment that they were
utterly unable to nuke those improvements which
modern husbandry has long demanded ; and the
tenants were therefore obliged to do such landlords'
improvements themselves, or go without them. In
the latter out their farming was likely to prove un-
profitable. The temente, besides, were yearly occu-
pies, sad thus such improvements en their part were
out of the questioa. Then, again, the game of the
tire primates was rigidlypreserved by the duke, whose
betelicial inbereetin the propertyyras for along time the
game and the game only. And Mr. SKILLET, the new
weer, is alto noted as a game preserver, and a game
is never willing, nor would he be able, to
let the farms upon terms attractive to formers of skill
and capital; and it must be admitted. that farmers
who are without either, do hesitate, and wisely hesi-
tate, -'to face free trade." Such must have been the
reflections of every intelligent fanner on reading our
" constant reader's letter, which another correspon-
dent confirms, by stating. "That the terms and con-
ditions upon which the Avington and Easton farms
are offered are no generally reported to be unaccep-
table for farms of such a nature, that the difficulty of
letting is likely to continue whether the law be
altered or nor." Just so. Hitherto landowners
have been able to dispose of these firms
upon their own terms ; no restriction has
been thought too rigorous, no semi-feudal
condition too absuri by some of the numerous appli-
cents. Now the tables are so far turned that the
inferior farmers, who alone will seek to hire such
farms, are frightened, and hold off. There is at this
moment no difficulty in finding. tenants for farms
offered upon fair commercial principles; where the
occupiers can be sore of receiving, as an equivalent
for the rent they are required to pay, rational and
secure tenures. But a capitalist farmer would no
more think of offering to occupy the farms of certain
classes of proprietors than he would of throwing his
capital into the sea,—operations not altogether so
dissimilar as pawl's unacquainted with farming and
land management might suppose.
The reader may perchance recollect an account
of the way in which a tenant farmer in Hertfordshire,
who was so imprudent as to farm highly without alease
was treated, by a notorious protectionist M.P., upon
whom the property descended. Well, for two years
that farm has been in the market; it wu adver-
tised again and again, in vain. Nobody went to
look at it. Its fame, and its landlord's fame
was known to all the county; and whenever a tensnt
be found for it he wiU probably be some one from a
distance, incautious enough not to make local inqui-
ries. No doubt the protectionist proprietor would of
his inability to let that farm—and it is a good one—
as evidence of the ruinous effect of free-trade. Bet
the difficulty is occasioned by the landlord's cuss 1
acts. So in the same county a nob!eman of high 1
rank and large passeesions has some eight or ten
farms thrown upon his hands; end the most ardent
protectionist farmer of the neighbourhood will not
attribute that to " free trade." The troth is, that
while farmers are crying out about low prices, and
landowners, under cover of that cry, are trying to
shift some of their own share of taxation on the
shoulders of the rut of the community, both
landlords and bouts are neglecting the moot
obvious means of prosperity which are in their own
reach by mutual and rational co-operation.

TEE How. AND Rev. BAPTIST Nom..—The tw-
Cg4kice tho occupation by lir. Noel of Mr. liortimer's
,Trara•iun.road, have been, we understand, brought
to as 11/111sametal tarminatioe, owing to legal diffieulthe.
It appears *at the dispel is the property of Mr. Davenport,
who, nadir a dastaindou of Lunacy, was declared some
years ago isenagotout to manage his own affairs. Now, as
ldr. Doespars is an Epiaoopalian, the Court of Chancery
will sot saossiss the transfer of the chapel to a dissenter, en
the MURIA that, if Mr. Davenport were compo "untie, he
would grid** slink to such transfer, the court feeling
bound sot to gay aid of which Mr. Davenport, in his
right mind, t disapprove. It is now, we believe, very
that . Noel will hereafter become the pastor of
probable
iarrlagten Mvans's church, Jobsectreet, Bedford sow.
—.The Admit.
Fins lfif MANOITSBTML—On Hooky ennisg

shoat fireone"riesk, a An broke out in a dirge pile of wen-
hada' In Telenesoireet, close to Histbctreet, Ave stories in
sirpws memasietabybyll""°r. J olusw(jsZbtrieleg,ealerTilne
yarn end itelleamb the four surto above were oocupied
by Komi. Erin and WllMsm Adams, eaten waste dealers,
the two idwer ef these stories communicating also with two
stories of d pile of wershouses Are behind sad fronting to
Back TiThilaelrdet. The ether portions of the warehouse
ingest 00 leek Terserotrest, sad the property of Sir
Charier Shaw, ware throated by Mr. Procter, a cotton-waste
dealer, Moore. Griarbswo wad Co., woollea-oloth dealers,
and Marc Pritchard% matwella maaafaseuters. The fire-
polio* hearted the hew of Ave engines to bear upon thew
and the surrounding penises In a very short time after the
the commenced, bat the mateeiris befog faisamsble, burnt
with great tag, sad of the warehosth freatsp to Toner-
street (brines; to iiirs..:Wcodeock), is which A. flea con-
✓inced, surly the walls were left standing k few hours atter-
' wards. The . dos sustained by Mrs Woodcock is near 4001., '
which fa sot severed by immerses. Mr.- Crebbue was
insured fa the Weft of England Fin-eGoe foe SOW., width
will holly weer his leas; Mom John sad William
nand to the amount of 9001., and woe only band=
the West of Ragland) to the amount of 0001. Sir MUM.
Shirrs* to. will sot sieved 501., end the other parties on
calraffeetedmi the eaten album 201. to IMO. . .„
SsICIDA AT Mattoldents.--Moth tacitness., thili
socariceed lath. nsighboathood of Pill-mall, Mosatheserw,
yesterday morning, by a repot that Mr. John Delon low
port, cashier to Messrs. Ewalt and irConsell, yarn mad
cloth spats had committed midis. At an honest had
leeterday afternoon, the circumstances were stated by
Ewer; and called forth feelings of Peat pain end cosde&
maths fee the late of the young man. Mr. Mint
mid that on Saturday he Wu examining the. bobs
of the firm, and found that there . was • a grit.'
amount of cash to the balance of the firm* then Mr. Law
port had in his passion. He did not speak to Mr.
Lamport about it tfil Monday morning, when, however, do
explanation war entered into about it. On Tuesday mem
leg Mr. Ewen said he wished for an explanation, and the
pang man they said that severalof the clerks had overdrawn
their aconats, and there were other circumstances widish
he would explain by reference to the books, bad
be hoped it would make no difference. Mr. Be net
markedthat it was a very irregular think
dishedand to we the books: Mr. Lamport then treat op
stain to fetch the books, bat as he was absent some time Mr.
Ewe; Mowed lila, haring 4 might be altering the figures.
Oa gin Nero's% vain kr expected to And Lampe%
'ho Ott aadea Nag toward, a back room be
heard the m►a'eta pOsimaaFrtly in distress, and drew
,:rjr • moment, but is by a second thought be
open the door, was horroftstruck by 00604 it
Pli Ma lying on the floor, weltering in his
lid& 'Aag ids* was lying by his rids, end on examine- '
lips Wino *map 441 diet liesesif through the head. lie
„we cre in iuseneilde, actil died in about no hour afterwards. 1
Ilk 'dot said heves& Moody, odor' well-ounductad young
nen, lad front an eculatheadon of the books he did not think
the irregularity eztandeil beyond the advance of some cash
to the other curb, whisk, &NU /PM brie been allowed
without Ms aospioyars' monk . The j.q found a verdict
of "Temporary Insanity."
FON/aOlt Horil.-13;the importations of hops to a
Heated egtent were noticed last year se haring taken place
frog the Visited States, and there has been two or three im-
potations of this article from Beluhre, the produce et that
country, daring the oast week.- The. American liner 8 wit-
seltand. kegs New York, has brought bi bales of hops as a
is,nlion el kw sup; This is the first imputation of hop.
this moat from the ether side of the Atlantic ; but it .Is
stated that some large Imp wrationg are expected from
America. The hocirowas of B.lgiunt and Germany have
had excellent crops this leer.

KIM YORK, Barr. 6.
, rust that Mr. Rives, our minister to
not received. His conduct, during
affair of ate hilletnnity, is mid to be the cause of
uepropaledig.„ I have, in a previous letter, stated
= that-It is supposed Mr. Rives, who was our
t. cloud in 1830, procured the support of
Fayette for Loom Philippe, ky stating
/eke of Orleans was made ling of the
American claims would be paid. General
_ , actuated by a feeling of gratitude to the
American people. who gave him 200,000 dolt. sod a
large territory of land, fell late the project, and Loa
I Philippe was made Kaag..The grant of the indemay
being delayed, Oen. Jaime threatened the French
theywere act asonitamed to be threatened, and Mr.
Rives exhibited also a largi quantity of indignatime.
For this, it is said, he wee never forgiven, sad
will not be received. In money matters the
French are proverbially close, at least we think them
so, and possibly there may be some grounds far the
rumour I give you. The law swag polithaatirms is,
1 believe, that a person of notoriously bad obanater,
or particularly dmagresable to the court to which he
is accredited, may be refused a reception, yet, oa the
whole, a refusal without some strong justalcation is a
national insult. In this case, I think the noa-reeer
Lien of Mr. Rives would put Brother heath= on his
mettle, end lead to difficult:sr. The utter contempt in
tibia Louie Napoleon is held by the American people
at this moment, would give an edge to their resent-
ment. _ _ .

75;4) siognlar circumstances have oecarred of late
which illustrate oar character. One of our ships of
war, the Vandal's, is ordered to South America, with
particular instructions to hoot up an American Cali-
fornian emigrant, who was stolen by the Patagonian,
while on hie way to San Francisco. In all probability
he has respectable connections who feel interested in
his fate. At all even* I rejoice that our government
deems the protection of even one American en obliga-
tion involving repoasibility. I hope to see the day
when he will need no protection, at his declaration
that he is an Americao.
In jnxta position with this, is the other circum-
stance. A al rge number of American ea igrants
have for some time been crossing Mexico on their
way to California. The Mexican minister has
formally complained of them as highway
robbers, though not presenting proofs of the
selertion. Our Secretary of State has substan-
tially replied that if these men violate the laws of
Mexico, he will leave them to their fate. And this is
right. But we imagine the complaint is not on the
whale well grounded. We cannot forget that the
Mexicans are given to robbery; that if they cannot
plunder foreigners, they will plunder each other. The
latest amounts from Mexico state that robberies take
place in the open day in the capital, that diligences
are sacked within a few feet of the military stations,
and three distinguished officers just arrived in the
United States from Vera Crux admit they were robbed
of all their money while on the way to the coast. The
American emigrants have protected themselves thus
far sucoessfary, and no doubt at the expense of some
Mexican live& But what a country most that be
which is unable to defend itself against a few parties
of American emigrants, and appeals through its mi-
nister for a quasi-protection. One thing is certain,
the Yankees will not fail to take care of themselves if

they are assaulted.
The caravans crawling the plains have found ene-
mies quite differing from the Mexicans. We have
accounts of several battles where our people have been
overpowered by the superior forces of the savages,
after a bloody resistance. In every instance they
have killed more than their own numbers before they
have succumbed. A letter from Santa Fe, New

Mexico, dated the 15th of July, says that the red man
appears to be making a lest desperate effort to retain
possession of the soil, and that the Americans have
now no leas than four powerful tribes operating
against them ; the Eulaws, the Camanches, the
Apaches, and the Navajos. We have a military
force of infantry in the country, but nothing can cope
with the Indians except mounted riflemen. The
mines of New Mexico which were reported to be so
valuable have been explored and pronounced worthlt as.
Torte a contraire, oar private advice, from Califor-
nia are very encouraging. We may rely on the fact,
that the gold there is apparently exhaustless. Money
is a perfect drug, while labour is high.
Provisions are cheap at San Francisco, but are with
difficulty transported to the mines. There they con-
tinue to be dear. The following simple story of an
emigrant I repeat, as it gives an excellent idea of
what is going on :
Sea Francisco, July 1, 1849.
The last accounts from the mints are very encouraeiog
There is plenty of gold, but it requires attention end labour
to get it. A man cannot help making money here, no mat.
ter what he goes at. There is a man here who gets dole.
a month for his waggon and males—equal to the salary of
the Vice-President. Our machinery takes here, and we
will be off in a few days. We have the assurance of
some old gold-diggers here, that we have hit the thing
that will bring out the gold. Much of the machinery
that Is brought hers is valneless—good for nothing. Money
is a perfect drug. You do not hear half the result of the
minis. Many persons never report or speak of their sue.
um. It is only those who are lacy and sickly, that go and
come and get discouraged without any cause. I tell you,
this is a great country, and is destined to milts the Yankees
open their eyes. A young lawyer, named Frank Lippett, is
here ; and, simply for drawing deeds and conveyances, gets
his 6,000 to 8,000 dole. a year. Here, as welt as at the
mines, laws are strictly observed, and order is equal to that
of our cities. The Sabbath is observed. Should any men
be caught steeling, and is convicted, be it hung ; and if a
gambler bets more than he can pay, the same punishment
awaits him. I saw one man put down 10,000 doll.
in gold dust at a play called monte, and he won
the bet. Do not mind what the newspapers say.
The letter-writer have their motives. I tell you that
New York has not heard half what this :wog: Mlle sod lime
(not a long time either) will confirm my • one. The
accounts that will follow this steamer's be only the be-
ginning of what you will receive. I have taken great pains
to book myself up, and I speak of what I know. There is a
hundred ways by which a man can get rich here. The most
important of all things that a man must have is health. If
be has that, and is sober, and will attend to his duties, he
can get rich ; and you may send one hundred thousand mere
here, and it will only add to the inducements of this 3 that
are here. There is gold enough, room enough, and occupa-
tion enough, for all you can send here for years to come.
Liquors are high : Champagne 6 doh. a bottle, and peer at
that ; brandy two shillingsa glass ; two cigars for a quarter;
billiards 1 dol. a psis. Bentsawful--eonatry deligntful.
An old miner writes from the Stanislaw: diggings
as follows :
Wood's Camp (Stanislaw Diggings), June 5, 1849.
I joined two young men from Brooklyn, N. Y., who came
up in the steamer with us from Panama, sad commenced
work in coed earnest, and did very well for the next two
weeks, asking 308 dot. each. Since we have not done so
well, in the lest two weeks inakiag but 126 dole. a piere.
The gold here lies se it does in Virginia, in deposits and
-pockets, and whoever Is Islay enough to strike them makes
good hauls. Any one that has a read to work can suite his
10 dub. or 12 dols, a day. I think that is about the average
of the ninon now, althoagit there are thousands who are
making a great deal mete, but that depends very
much at the place when they are at work. On
the 16th• of May I took out • Pees that weighs a
pound, and am in hopes to get it hems safe, so that you can
all see it. I ham been here am weeks and have made alsioot
500 dollars, but hope to do better in the next six weeks to
come. Provisions ore falling every day, as is the case with
goods of all kinds ; and I should am be surprised if good; in
the faillsould be bought shape here than in the States,
faun the great quantity skipped ken from all parts of the
world. Our board acute us about 2 dolt. a day, which is very
cheap in comparison with what it was. Whets we arrived
here pork was selling at 1 dol. 25c. per lb., now 821 e. ;
1 dol. now 25e. ; sugar 1 del., now 45c. ; fresh beef, 75c.,
now !Se.; and everything alscin proportion. Lynch law it
the law in force, sad if any ose is caught se anything oat of
the way he is tried by a jury, and, if found guilty, sentenced
to so many lashes.
There is something curious about this. You per-
, relic how the puritan habit of respecting the Sabbath
pervades even this wild community.
The California trade is naturally attracting the
attention of our New York merchants. I know from
my peculiar poeition what is going on hers. The
greatest article of export just now is that of iron and
wcoden houses. Fifty theusand of there would &al
purchase!' within a year. Several China cargoes.
have arrived at San Francisco, and a portion of them
will be transported across the isthmus. The profits'
I
on some ventures have been enormous. saw
but the other day ten small barrels, containing an
article of necessity, but cheap nerr, which, at the
price it sustained at the last advice. from San Fran-
cisco, would briog the sum of 18,000 collars! More
lines of steamers are hotiever wanted in the Pacific,
and there is an opportunity for English capital that
should be embraced. Let three first-class steamers
leave Liverpool for San Francisco, touching at New
York; their freights and passengers will pay half
the cost of the vessels the very first trip ; let them
then run to Panama, or to Contort, with American
captains, or rather supercargoes, and they will
have a career of WOMB. We are, somehow
or other, opposed •to the outlay of much
:vital in any enterprise. No one likes to
risk much in any new and untried scheme.

~.,...--,
ic' ~- THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY AiBMW, SEPTEMBER 1E10; i 1849.
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