The Express.
London, England, 1865-04-11 00:00:00

'ORR BP,OGDZWEIG OLD ALBERT CHAINS

JOAN BROGDENI3 GOLD BROOCH C HAUI4 8.

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LONDON, TUESDAY, APRIL 11.

To whatsoever cause, out of the many that
have been pat forward, we attribute the Irish
exodus, it will at least be satisfactory to all to
find that it is somewhat checked. A return
issued yesterday gives the numbers of emigrants
in 1863 and 1864, and from this document we
learn that the total in the latter year was 114,903,
against 117,820 in the former. Of the number
last year 61,690, or somewhat more than a half,
were male; and the gre►t majority, amounting to
72,207, or 63 per cent., were in the prime of
life, being between the ages of 15 and 35. The
most common age may indeed be still further
limited, for 44,134, or 38 per cent of the whole
emigrants, were between the ages of 15 and 25.

It almost follows as a oonsequen&3 that there were I
not a large number of persons with families in-
chided among the self-made exiles, and
we find, in fact, that only 8,870 children
under the age of 15 were taken out,
while under 14,000 were above the age of 35.
These figures point out pretty clearly the character
of the exodus. It is a departure of the young,
active, and unburdened, of those who have
strength and energy to push their way, and who
have few ties to bind them to their native soil
And it is satisfactory also that among these the
proportion of women is very slightly less than
that of men ; satisfactory both for the sake of the
country to which they go and for their own sake,
that they are not left at home to cause those evils
which are the inevitable result of a redundancy
of the female population in any country. And
certainly this fact may also be taken, in default
for the present of any returns u to the countries
to which the emigration was chiefly directed, ea
evidence that at least it was the result of causes
arising in Ireland, and not of bounties offered for
enlistment for Federal armies, since it will hardly
be asserted by the firmest believers in the recruit-
ing of American forces by Irish emigrants that the
Irish young women are enticed away by the same
inducements.

It is not, however, because of any belief that
the exodus has been in itself an evil that we think
the partial staunching of the flow is matter for con-
gratulation. No one can say with truth that
labour woe too scarce in Ireland, so that the dimi-
nution of its supply was an injury to the country.
The very opposite is notoriously the fact. Its re- '
dundancy was a harden, reducing indeed wages,
but augmenting pauperism to an extent which
made it almost a prohibitory tax on capital, and
at the same time rendering the possession of a bit
of land so pracious as really to lie at the root of
those agrarian outrages on person and property
which drove capital away. Nor has the removal
of so considerable a proportion of the population
as yet had the effect of rendering labour too dear.
But it must have had the eflect of making it
dearer than it would otherwise have been, and
those who utter dismal lamentations over the de-
parture of the people from tile, home of their
fathers should remember that the 60,000
young men and 50,000 young women who list
year sailed from the shores of Ireland are not
only where they may earn a rate of wages such
as they could never have reached in Ireland, but
are indirectly enabling those who stay behind to
better their position by the diminution of competi-
tion. If, then, the number who are induced
to seek their fortunes abroad is this year lees tb.in
it has been, it is • proof, not that the need for a
remedy so sharp never existed, but that the
remedy must be beginning to work the cure. The
proportion between the comfort to be enjoyed "i
Ireland, and that to be achieved abroad, must be
beginning to be a little more equalized. When
this result bezonies more decided we may be very
sure that we shall cease to see evidence of any
wish to leave Ireland for other countries.
It is also satisfactory to find in the agricultural
returns of the extent of land under crop, and the
average produce in 1863 and 1864, which are
contained in the same document, that the emigra-
tion had had no appreciable effect in throwing land

out of cultivation, or in diminishing the profits
made by farming. On the whole there were 12,421

acres under cultivation in 1864 more than in
1863. There was an increase of 16,172 acres in
land under wheat, of 16,310 under potatoes, and of
87,594 under flax, balanced by a diminution
of 138,997 under oats, and 14,081 under
turnips. The crops on the whole were
pretty much the same as regards quantity per
acre. Wheat, mita, and turnips were a fraction
worse, potatoes a little better, and flax 3 per cent.
better. But in looking back for a period of thir-
teen years, for which the tables furnish a comparison,
there is ample proof that Ireland is not a retrograde
country. The acreage under wheat has indeed
fallen from 504,248 in 1851 to 276,483 in
1864, but then it was only 328,896 in 1853,
a fact which shows that the fluctuation, are de-
pendent on price, and not on cultivation. The
acreage under oats has fallen from 2,189,775 to
1,814,886 ; under barley, from 282,617 to
172,700 ; but then it has risen in the case of
potatoes from 868,501 to 1,039,724; of flax,
from 140,536 to 301,693 ; and of bay, from
1,246,408 to 1,609,569. It may be doubted

whether, if we pursued agricultural all
this country, we should sot find that
inflames of recent seseeas and priev.

portion of land her been turned into tial
has been the case in Ireland. .ii to
remembered that that country has theriMit had
to struggle with low prima, but with excep-
tionally bed harvests even when ours have
been fairly good. Thin in 1861 and 1862 the
average redoes of wheat per acre, which last
year was 18.3 cwt., was only from 8 to 9 cwt.
Oats ware then only 10 to 11 cwt., the usual
average being 12 to 13 ; barley warn 12 to 13 cwt.
instead of lb or 16 ; potatoes yielded only a ton
and a half instead of tour or five ; flax only
24 stone, while last year it gave 34. In the
scarcity and hardships resulting from these exceed-
ingly bad crops may be reed the true reason of
Irish emigration in the years that followed them.,
But in the fact that they have not had the effect
of throwing land out of cultivation, and that, as a
consequence of better harvests in the two years
that anteceded, the emigration is showing a ten-1
dowry to diminish, we may find some promise of
energy still surviving, and of the increased employ-
ment, better wages, and greater comforts, which
will be the true causes from which • cessation
of emigration is either to be looked for or
wished for.