The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-14 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 14, 1846.

hardly understand why be seas thasheiller having bad as
appestunity ghem tae elpeWeipag in an* ef the mod
espaalliellS let hed Me hit:mewl.
D or Wherhunrran also his grad-
tia7b9Al la
"Mialkofillfni=lontsoiVrae, Webster, the
e by CUTlZialliksirsiart es extending
world that
ribm4llll,4l ever a area Prance, existed idols the Isle of
t:frert.7
Mr. 116= who *id *wilted the
ei
wag! z' . Ma to Seotboapten at about half-past
Mile , Vie evening, highly fied at the day's
•DM subject of a= p. bail the some-
he peovideass en based- the Lady
2Lop,k. Id. ached, ta themeaseammiss days,
Ise thigh fora dinner said Meat, bread, sad arias.
Ile section foe steeled,* met is-day, and die
beim was gone through. A Viper by Mr. W
ea tbo mortality of children, in griddle Ise shekel-
sel bete elicited were, that of 10,071 . 2,357
;Ned under the age of 21, nearly camehilf of the deaths or-
=ander the age of one year. Oettegions, epidemic,
end diseases of the nervous upbeat sad respiratory
, were the most fatal children. In 87 yeah;Mr there to
had been admitted into the Foundling H=
WS children, 1,645 of whom were males, sad 1,420 females.
The mortality amongst these was greater than amongst
children in private families, and the greatest mortality was in
the months of January and October. The paper also stated
that, in 1,208 oases of which returns had bean obtained, in
618 the first child was a son, and in 688 it was a daughter.
The neat pare wee a table by Mr. Howard on the
extent of the plate glass manufacture in which
It was stated that the great demand for the
artisle had hitherto deprived the public of the
benefit of the reduction of the duty, At present the
home manufacture eoeld not keep pees with the demand;
int it was probable that it would soon be enabled to do so,
and that, instead of importers, we should become exporters.
Some returns were then read by Liest.-Cal. Sykes, P. 8.5.,
is redwence to the administration of dent sad criminal justice
is India, the purpose of which was to show the result of the
*age by whoosh, fifteen years ago, natives were first allowed
to sites gidges. About 98 per ce
nt. of the judicial duty was
now rmed by natives. The pleaders were aim natives,
had pkedings were carried on in the native language.
Thin was hues appeals from the declaim of the native
than ot Ibl:eta judges. Of the decisions about one-
sixth Fere _ against, and in one-third of the appeals
the ofiginal t was reversed or modified. The time
• mit esespledlusil diminished in the court, answering to oar
, lees one year and seven months, in 1841, to one
;17V,“; sad in the inferior courts the time had been
reduced from seven to five months, and from five to four.
In the criminal courts the severity of the sentences was gn-
dually diminishing. In the Bengal Presidency there had
*he Map twenty-six sentences of death in 1844. Al
appal woo allowed in India in certain criminal cases,
end in ninety cases in Bombay, in which that
eight lhad been exercised, the sentence had been
The cause of the improvement here described
suds the improved state of education and knowledge in the
esustry. The supposition that the Land-tax premed with
maw severity on the people of India, was in a great nes-
smadigeoved.by thefact that in Bombay there were, in 1843,
egle five persons in prison for non-payment, and, in 1844,
say two. The proceedings concluded with the reading of a
report of the committee on the statistics of sickness and
mortality in Yorkshire, in which it was shown that in ten
per cent. of the deaths in that county, the parties had no
medical attendance.
The Botanical Section, accompanied by several of the
foreign visitors attending the meeting, visited the gardens of I
the Dean of Winchester, at Bishopstoke, this morning, and
enjoyed the very rev. doctor's hospitality.
On Monday Prince Albert is expected again to visit the
town, for the purpose of attending
some of the most impor-
tant of the sectional business. At a meeting of the corpora-
tion this morning, at which tke Mayor presided, an address
was agreed upon to be presented to his Royal Highness, on
his landing at the pier.

THE WEALD OF SURREY AND SUSSEX AGRI-
CULTURAL ASSOCIATION.—This association held its annual
meeting for the exhibition of stock and distribution of
rewards to deserving agricultural labourers, on Friday, at
Bear-green, Capel. At the dinner W. J. Denison, Esq.,
M.P., took the chair. There were present about a hundred
of the principal gentry aid fanners of the district. C. Bar-
clay, Frq., hiving proposed the health of the chairmen,
Mr. Denison, in returning thanks, said that in this was the
first time he had met them since the termination of a long
and tedious session, during which an agricultural measure of
vast importance, as affecting their interests, had become the
law of the land, he would take the opportunity of explain-
ing why he had voted upon that measure contrary to the
opinions of that political party with whom he had acted for
fifty years, and for many of whom he personally felt the
utmost affection and regard. He considered the measure
proposed by the government as having a most danger-
ous tendency, and when he saw that party, with
whom he had so long acted, joining Sir Robert Peel,
and assisting him to destroy the protection afforded to
British agriculture, he felt himself called upon to a separate
from them. He had listened attentively to the statements
made by Mr. Cobden and by Sir Robert Peel, and so far
from their convincing him that it was advisable to remove
the protection afforded by the legislature, when he looked
at the peculiar burdens upon the land, the poor-rates,
the highway rates, and the tithes, from which personal
property was almost entirely exempt, he considered that
if any part of their system required to be protected,
it was the land. He thought so then, and he thought
so still, and therefore he was obliged to vote against his
old Mend. He was glad to see that under the Divine
Providence they had been blessed with a most beautiful
harvest, and he boped that the increase of the population
and the demand for labour would enable the farmers of this
country for the present to keep their heads above water, but
be must say, he did not think it possible for them, taking
into consideration the heavy burthen of taxation they had to
bear, and the amount of wages they paid, eventually to
compete with the comparatively untaxed foreign farmer,
who only paid his labourers sixpence a day. (Hear, hear.)
He hoped he might be mistaken, and if i should turn out
that he was, no man would more readily admit his error
than he should ; but he mast confess that he had great fear
for the result to the agricultural interest of England.
HONOUR TO ART IN FLANDERS.-A correspondent
of the Athenaeum writes as follows The good old town of
Louvain is just now all agog with the erection of a statue to
Quentin Matsys. For ages the Antwerpians, ever conten-
tious for the honour of giving birth to noble painters, had
the credit of the nativity among them of this great ornament
of the early Flemish school. But at length it was discovered,
and placed beyond doubt, that in this particular case Ant-
werp must cede the honour to Louvain. In consequence •
committee has been formed, and subscriptions are coming in
to celebrate, in fitting style, the fact that Louvain is the
mother of Matsys. His statue is to be erected there in a
conspicuous situation ; and ne doubt the ceremony of inaugu-
ration will be splendid—as was that of the installation of the
statue of Rubens in the Place Verte, at Antwerp. It is
something singular and pleasing in that very enlightened
end prosperous country, Belgium, that all ranks and classes
of the people have the mind to honour the great works of art
and literature. From the noblesse to the drivers of the
Vigilantes, all have a word of unfeigned admiration for these
bright evidences and effluences of the soul. When will the
like obtain in wealthy England ?"

IRELAND.
DUBLIN, Burr. 12.
Tue DISTREBB.—COVNTY MEETING IN CORK.—OR
Thursday, pursuant to requisition, a greet meeting was held
at Cork, to consider the best means of relieving the present
and increasing destitution. The Southern Reporter, speak-
ing of the assemblage, says :
At one o'clock today a meeting was held at the County Court
House, which may be, in a word., described as the largest, the moot
Inluential, and by far the most Important meeting held in Cork
within the memory of the present generation. The object for which
this meeting was convened was to consider the present condition of
the labouring and farming claims consequent on the failure of the
potato crop, and to point out such measures of relief as might be con-
sidered moat advisable to meet the pressing exigency of the occasion."
The Earl of BANDON was called to the chair, after which
Lord BERNARD, M.P., addressed the meeting at considerable
length, the hurdlers of his speech being, that the government
of England ought, of justice and right, as well as humanity,
to expend upon improvements ofnms various kinds in Irelloans,
and,
within the present year, large sof money, not as
but as grants ; and he contended that the landlords ought not
to be called upon to contribute anything. He called for the
construction of harbours, the extension of fisheries, and the
establishment of manufactures.
Lord MOUN'ICASIIEL next addressed the meeting at COD/li-
derable length, and in the course of, his observations said, he
had taken the trouble to examine a potato field, which he
had given to some of the poor people upon his own property.
He ;saw the potatoes dug, and therefore no deception could
be practised. He observed that, in the first place, the
potatoes were exceedingly diminutive, and on a closer
examination, he found that the larger potatoes were
all tainted, and the smaller only appeared fit for
ehristian food. This was the ease universally, and he believed
that before a month expired. a sound potato could not be found.
To return to the subject of the landlords. He explained at
Cove that the Irish landlords, after the deduction of various
charges, derived from their estates only about's,ooo,oool. an-
nually amongst them. Now, the number of destitute people
in the country, owing to the recent calamity, would amount
to about five millions of individuals, and if the whole of the
rental of the landlords of Ireland were divided among the
suffering population, it would relieve them only to the extent
done pound per man. How far would that go to carry the
individual thronqh an entire year of destitution ? Therefore
if the landlords lived on air, and the whole of the rents were
appropriated to this purpose, there would still be a vast defi-
ciency in the ameunt of relief required. (Hear.) But the
landlords could not do this—they had to fulfil their obliga-
tions as every man was bound to do—and which, if they
did not do, there were ways and means of compelling them
—they were unequal to the pressure of the present year.
(Hear.) And as had been remarked by the noble
saker who preceded him, if the English govern-
ment now understood its own interest, it would
lay out large sums of money in this country.—
In support of this demand, his lordship adverted to the mil-
lion and a half borrowed by Canada, which England guaran-
teed, and to the twenty millions given the West India
planters, as well as to the guarantee given by England for
the Greek loan. He (Lord Mounteashel) would take that
opportunity to remark that of late they had been compelled
to pass so many presentments, that when the time came for
the rates to be levied in the different baronies, both landl
girds
and tenants would be astounded at all they would have to
pay. They should keep that in mind—hut CO matter
whether they kept in mend or not, divided would be re•
minded of it. (Laughter.) Ireland wa into about
690,000 farms,aad it was a remarkable fact that out of that
number 310,000 fame did not exceed five acres of land, and

the elm of pumas holding these ware is mesh a siewase--
that ha questioned whether they mold be able to pay more
than half their rent this year. The next elms were farms
of from fifteen to thirty sores, or which there WETS 252,000
in Ireland. These he oentelied ought to be in a better
situatlen, and should be able to pay somethingmese • much
depended, however, on the quality of the Mil.
question, those who held their at a
reek-rent would not be able toabove.
don, If any part of their rents.-(Haar.)
should show a kind feettmatowards their , flef
the utmost to make ea alsatilealat Id mesas. Mpg
he believed the tensely well 014 Milled the
pay their rents, but they wild ]ilk ollf# to
themselves under the excusing* Putillnit Welk
Crewed neighbours, and by =admit poor mitaths emlismen
to get out of the serape. Those who had the aroma of the
property in Ireland were the mortgagees and theorgealeA
ereditors, and they should art with some degree
and forbearance this year ; otherwise it was unpossidgell
classes to go forward in that smooth and easy manner which
was so much to be desired.
Major Beanum, in relerenee to the distress, said—My
Lord, it has been said that the distrem is exaggerated ; and
h very well for thaw en*, y ensconced in cities, or safely
lurasekui their suburban villas, to take up the papers at their
miming meal, and say the distress is exaggerated; but, un-
fortunately, we have too many well-authenticated fiats be-
fore to to sheer that the disarm is real, hosful, and extensive.
I hohla:s! hand, this tiamplatt, an asthmatic document to
show •
hal= well brr"=mspel"lirose= a ri=asit
w*Asmi etwg.a."
otmmemise and Immo; slitmo ot
fin s
implies% wougs-
am 4d- a daT Thom am sna eat awns as I*
dame to the laloWalls pittenee pmay.woesh of most pr Mg,
as a provision air on Weir wsnia.
He was opposed to aiding railways in Ireland by loam of
public money.
Mr. Ronne, M.P.. said, if assistance was not af-
forded it would be impoosible to preserve mks mainais
the rights of property is this country. 04wernment Inge I
bou. first to teed the people, and thee to Insialain the law,
and if the people were not fed the law would not be main-
tained, and it was therefore their duty to hod the people In
order to maintain the law. (Cheers.) And new am the
consideration what sort of relief had England peopoled to
them M their present difficulty. He would at once say, that
it was who and totally inadequate. (Hear, hear.)
It was tettirely wadies& to the present petition of the
country—and it was handed on a false and vicious
principle. This was said to be a tax on the property for the
support of the poor of the country. Now, looking at it in that
way he would agree to it at once. But let them recollect it
would be, to all intents and purposes, a permanent one, and they
should make up their minds in time either to adopt that tax or
another and a better one. He laid downthis proposition, that
the poor of this country had a clear right to be supported out
of the land, and he would call on the landlords of this
country to consider whether if they went that length with
hint, that the poor of the country were entitled to be sup-
ported, they would take the Road Jobbing Act as a means
of affording employment for them. (Hear, hear.) He
would say for himself—without mincing the matter—that
he would rather see the 43rd of Elizabeth enacted in Ire-
land, than to see the country wed itself for ever to this Road
Jobbing Act. The principle of the 43rd of Elizabeth was
simply this—that the poor born on the land had a right to
be supported on the land—(loud cheers in the gallery)—end
that the proprietors of the soil had the option of employing
the poor, and thus supporting them, or, if they did not, they
were obliged to support them idle. Now he would go the
length of that. (Cheers.) And speaking as the repre-
tentative, but not the owner, and he hoped it would be long
before he should: see that day, but speaking at present as
the representative of a property of 26,000 acres, he would say
he had a strong leaning in favour of such a bill as that.
A memorial embodying those sentiments was agreed to,
and the meeting then adjourned.
Ma. O'CONNELL'S FELOCIREB9 TO DIRETNANE.—The
Southern newspapers, received to-day those published in
Nenagh and Limerick are filled with reports of gratulatory
meetings, addressee of confidence, and expressions of attach-
ment to Mr. O'Connell in his progress homewards to his
residence in Kerry. Both the repeal journals published in
Limerick are strongly tinctured with the leaven of Young
Ireleadism, yet both concur in stating that the reception
given Mr. 0 Connellthere was most enthusiastic. Vindicator
—The reception of the hon. and learned member for Cork
in Limerick is of much mire importance and is much more
indicative of the extent of his influence. Limerick is the
stronghold of Mr. Smith O'Brion—he represents the county
he has numerous and powerful local connexions there, yet
even in Limerick, and at a public meeting called by the
mayor—a meeting which m own local knowledge enables
me to say fairly represents the repeal party of that place, an
address continuing the following passages was unanimously
passed to Mr. O'Connell :
Of those who are opposed to the volley by which you seek to
achieve this important end, we do not ei,bh to express the foelings that
suggest themselvm to us. Were it not fur one, we would deem any
allusion to this party totally unnecessary. William Smith O'Brien is
that one. We admired, applauded, and loved him. We let pus no
fitting opportunity of proving our feelings towards him honest, ardent
and sincere; and if he comes to-morrow, those sentiments shall con-
tinue. But we are bound to tell him, and to tell Ireland, with the
woke of stern truth, that O'Connell our Liberator, seal he our pro-
Met and our guide."
Mr. O'Cons zw. in returning thanks referred to the die-
poise la a "'miler strain, and then rohrred to Mr. O'Brien:
" Yoe de well to make an exesetica bowels Om weds* of those '1
sat Xr. & O'Brien. His Map et Mirsties. histserPOP dpsspme,
his asol asst dovetionWo tem ipastios et. I have stempot
sodaq thatheshoutd)ala eras soda (alimmes)—but same as I
Manila menake, Medi los synced at his aides WHO
TEEM wwswiO w, I hepeodble that ethers can ever spas join
use-thme ~Si ere melielat sosselsis wins—lnwil who In the public
prom parametin ~NM whidoem ortleship *mein their
estimeare, lino Win not adopt soy
Mr. M. J. O'ConnELL, M.P.—The Tipperary Vindi-
cator designates the rumoured appohttmont of this gen-
tlemen to the office of Poor-law Commismionse so one of the
"lies of the Nation." " There is," soya the Vindicator,
"no truth in the fact."
Dr. PHELLN.—Dr. Phelan. formerly an Assistant Poor-
law Commissioner in Ireland, is ineetioeed as likely to
succeed to the office of Inspector in Lunacy,
PUBLIC DESTITUTION IN lEELANlL—liumble but intel-
ligent men are those who in ell countries and in all emer-
gencies can best appreciate and describe the sufferings of
their fellows. For this reason, therefore, I venture to solicit
the attention of your renders to the following nerrative of the
condition of the poor in the county of Cork, as described by
an humble farmer of the district :
" The alarm of want of food induced me to visit a few houses to
ascertain thesude of their food. My first was to a poor man's house
on Sunday night. There were eight in family partaking of some roes
kale (which has abundantly substituted the potatoes in the gardens),
and eDuut a dozen black potatoes. 1 proceeded to another house ;
there were seven in family, their meal was not more savoury than at
the last house; it consisted of some cabbage hashed up
.with sour
milk and salt, and about a plate full of potatoes not bigger than
marbles, which I think were sot fit food even for the pig.. What
were not black of them were yellow, soapy, sour, and disgusting to
the taste. I visited a third last Monday morning; there were nine in
family ; the children told me their father and mother went providing
for them, for thee had no supper lad night. The potatoes gigot black
within the last ten days, as that when they ace boiled you could not
stand with the smell from them. I saw the pigs refuse to tad some of
them."
MOVEMENTS AMONGST THE PEOPLE.--I forwarded to you
on Thursday a notice posted in the county of Limencit,
calling upon the people to assemble and protect themselves
in this pressing season of distress and destitution. The
Freeman's Journal of this morning gives an oecount of a
movement of like nature which took place at Ballinadoe,
Mayo, on Tuesday.
CLONMEL Etscrion.--This election takes place to-day,
and the Hon. Mr. Lawless will be returned without oppo-

sition.
AMOUNT OP TEE LABOUR RATE. The Evening Mail
says :—" We understand it is the intention of the Lord-
Lieutenant to sanction the assessment of a million and a half,
to be employed under the provisions of the Relief Aet." The
3fall is anxious to cheer the landlords, by fixing this sum at
a limitation ; but the Irishilandlords may be very well con-
tent if they are only call e on to pay their proportion of a
levy four times as large.
SERJEANT MURPHY.—The dinner to Serjeant Murphy is
fixed for Monday next, at Cork.
MR. SMITH O'BRIEN'S LETTER TO LORD JOHN Rue•
SELL.—The Fallon of Saturday contains a long letter from
Mr. Smith O'Brien to Lord John Russell. lie states that
the failure of the potato crop will have derived several mil-
lions of their wonted supply of food; that already in many
districts people are eating unwholesome potatoes. lie mks
whether the legislature or government have taken measured
adequate tothe crisis ? He maintains that an Irish parlia-
ment would have acted more vigorously. He admits that
neither Sir Robert Peel nor the British parliament can be
charged with insensibility to the distress of last year. Re
tells Lord John that the calamity of the present year is of
much greater magnitude • and insinuates that the present
ministers have not provided sufficient resources to alleviate
it. Now that the minion is closed, those sets only can be
looked to which are already on the statute book. Of the act
authorising government to apply 50,0001. in aid of public
works he says:—
" rm• appears to be the only direct contribution on the part of the I,
state, authorised by parliament to be applied as a subsidy in mitiga-
non of the calamity which has befallen us. English etatenuen fre-
quently speak of payments from the imperial exchequer, as if England
alone contributed to the public revenue; and we are told that it is
unreasonable that the people of England should be taxed for the relief
of Irish diatress. Nothing is more abhorrent to our feelings than the
sentiment of dependence upon England. Give to us the management
of our own revenue, the care of our own resoumee, the protection of
our own people, and we shall triudly relieve the parliament of Eng-
land from the duty of providing for our neemalties ; but, until
such restitution shall be made, we are under no obligation to forego
our claims upon the revenue which is drawn from the Irish nation.
The means of subsistence and employment destroyed by the failure of
the potato crop cannot be valued at lees than 10,000,01 ed. sterling.
We may fairly question whether, under similar circumstances, an
Irish parliament, though unassisted by the Exchequer of England,
would deem a Nun of 50,0001. an adequate contribution on the part of
the state toward, the employment of the poor in useful and reproduc-
tive works."
lie charges the present government with breach of faith in
their application of this act.
" If we understand rightly the meaning of the Treasury minute
dated the 31st of Augast, 1056, we have reason to complain that the
present government have commenced their operations by a rem
breach of faith. Individuals and public bodies were induced by the
late administration to commence public works, upon an agreement
that a moiety of the expense of such works should be contributed by
the State. By this Treasury Minute we learn that, in violation of
these agreementA, the government now propose to withhold such por.
tions of the moiety granted on the part of the State as remains un-
expend4 and to compel the contracting pastes either to leave their
winks unfinished, or to complete them at their own sole expense. To
ouch a proceeding I can remember no parallel in the financial opera-
tions of modern tams."
Mr. S. O'Brien proceeds to state that the Ad 9 and 10
Victoria, to facilitate the employment of the labouring poor
in the distressed districts of Ireland, is the only one upon
which any reliance can be placed. He argues that the tax
to be levied under this Act, partly on the tenants, partly on
the landlords, is unequal and unjsut.
"Now, these are medals, the tßochimes of society which will suffer
most severely from the failure of the potato crop. As fox the ladders