The Express.
London, England, 1848-11-04 00:00:00

Itbe Court.

WINDSOR, FRIDAT.—The royal dinner party at the
Code this moping will include the Duchess of Kest. the
Duke sad Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, the
Princess of Rotterdam Langentmurg and the Mama Riles,
the Baroness de Bose, the 13 wanes de Sped', the Earl of
Auckland, the Rev. Dr. Magnify, Lieut.-Cot. the Hoe.
C. B. rbii,pe, dir 0. Cooper, Capt. F. &mow, and Mr. E.
Mildewy.

Lieut.-CoI. Alderson (Royal Engineers) had an in-
terview with Lord .1. Rwnell yesterday. The Chevalier
Bunsen had al.o as interview yesterday with,,hla lordship in
Downing street. . A 4
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a
eommitt-e meeting an Thursday, at their office in White-
hall place.
Despatches were received yesterdi y at the Colo-
Biel-office from the Governor of Gibradar.
Despatches were sent rff yesterday evening from
the Colonia, office for the Governor of Canada, and also for
th• governors afthe other North American coloolts..

Mr. W. Parish Robertson, consul-general foi the
republic or &Isadore, transacted business with Viscount Pal.
saer.ton, yesterday, at the Forsigo-cltice.
Mr. C. K. Murray bad en intereiew yesterday with
Lod J. Russell.. _

The Earl of Clarendon has been staying at Bowood-
Fmk, Wilts, on a visit to the Marquis of Lansdowne.

(From last night's Gazelle.)
WAR.OF EWE, Nov. 3.
Ist Drag. Gda—G. Poynter, (out., to be cor., by par., vice
limailtes, promoted.
6th Drag..—Lieut. R. Dennistoun, from the 11th Lt. Drop, to be
RIM, Mee Boynton, who ex( bongos.
Ilth Lt. Dram. -LieuL 11. L. Boynton, from the (lb Drags., to
be WM., vice Demists:on, who exchanges.
Mots fer (ids.—L4aL W. G. monsoon, from the 90th F., to
Is ma sad lieut., vice Hon. W. Ilarlord, who
6th F.—AmistMurer. R. Gamble, M.D., from theleekamto be nollot-
mg, view Monet, prom. is the 7th F.
NA P.—Assist.-Surg. J. Most, from 4th F., to he sort, vies Mel.
NM, desired.
Or F.-4. MasYers, gut., to be or, by tar., vice "libber,
S'IA
0110111, gelet., to be cis., by par., vice Wyse, who
Mina .

P.—Actiog Arciat...9urg. H. env, to be ateietdeur , rico
app. tu the MA
MtL P: T. Welneniirbt to be lieut. without per.. Na
Hie.. dee.; G. 0. Itesten, gest., to be eau, vice Welawright.
Slat 7.—Major W. H. C. WeWelev, to be flint-col., by per., vice
Tee.; 0* H. Format to be toe*, by per., vice
lir Lint. T. D. !wry. to be cape., by per., vide Fermat ; Pas.
H. J. Laelleeley• id, to be lieut., by per., vice Perry; IL IL Willeocke,
Mt, to be eau, by per., AN Liddell.
lath P.—Esai. sad Legit the Deo. W. Itarbord, *ow the Scots
Tallier Oda., to be lint, vice Sternum, who excissape.
HOSPITAL tivarr.—Arolet.iturg. W. 11. chort tram the 64th F., to
be saelec-eorg. to the (vises, viol GasibLe, app. to the ilk F.

OMCII Or ORDNANCE, Nov. 2.
Repel Best. of Artillary.—To be Weeds Commaarlant.—Meber.
Om. A. Moore bed lit IL D. Reem, 1L.C.8.
Se be Oeleaelb.—Liest-Col. H. W. Dads; Brev..Col. Sir W. 11.
O. Ociebreke.C.ll.; Lleet..Cole. W. D. Jeer, W. B. Dead" C. 8.,
to mg Cretemile.
10 1.100.-ftism# M 4415 0' Jim." vitt 13?etie ;

WTI& vice Jens;; J. Mois*lol7—vise Deed= • EL Palm, vice
Comell.isedes; ebsaa. L. Oman. J. A. & Tinkm,
Wftwo, O. &
Abs(sies• fte. OVA T. Ess vise Jewel ; C. J. WOOL
or $. 0. A. T. de Nagy, vise seMeid •W. N. Elliott, vise
Mier ; P. filselere, vise blestess; C. L Wjese, vice Ossetia ;
A. Beek vise J. A. ilea; C. L. PitsgereK oils
O. D. Weeberise, vise WI; ftehe, vise R. 0. B.
To be Hewed cipte.—First Units. A. C. Baskin, vies Eirere ; J.
IL vies Wright; B. Lwow. vies De Mazy ; A. Peter, vies
Mott; A. P.S. Owen, vice Basler ; A. vice Wyman
W. haw. vim Been ; C. H. Um* vies Pitepusil; X. Whines
81Lew....k• Warburton ; W. J. L Weal, vise Casks ; J. C. Childs ;
lb O. T.
be reel Lieeterliseeed L Toady, vise Meld= ; H.

Ls;
_
liailZtee MU ; IL J. T. Temkin^ vies LIMNS • J. B. Portia,
vile Met; C. Jobamece. vise Orme ; 1. P. MK 418. Whom:
1. A. ibristsee, vice Plats; J. Ill'Caedie vice Lards ;
W. eveedi, vice 11.1 Lay ; W. 0. Jahr" lot, or ;
A. Seymour, .b. cause.

LANs- or COPTRIGHT.—Lot night's Gazette con-
tains an order in council extending the provisions of the law
of copyright to Prince Edward's Island.
JUVENILE OFTENDIERS.—Prince Albert has con-
sented to lay the first stone of the new form-school for
criminal and vagrant boys, which the Philanthropic Society
are now establishing at Potter's-bar, near Barnet. The
selected design for the sew school consists of right homes
each calculated to accommodate about sixty boys,
on either side of • commodious and handsome chapel, e.
carrying out the system of domestic management and asso-
ciation which the society are desirous of introducing into
their institution, and which has been adopted with each
encamp at the Freed school of reformatory discipline at
Metnay, as well mat Hamburg, and other similar establish
meets en the easement. Each house is so fitted and
arranged as to allow of the " family " of boys contained in
it being instructed in cooking and all common domestic
occupations, as well as in husbandry and gardening, and'
such mechanical arts as are eonnected with fates labour.
The houses, and everything relating to the accommodatioe
and treatment of the boys, are arranged on a studiously
economical and simple principle.; the promoter of the
farm-school having a strong conviction that every effort of
this sort for the recovery and reformation of the erring and
perverted should be so shaped and carried out as not to
mike their conoition in any way superior to that of the
ordinary country lads wham better disposition and happier
eireinastanees have preserved them from transgressing.
CRotreA.—Yeeterdsy the Board of Health re-
ported the following raise of cholera :-84. Mar/Lebow I
fatal; Stepney, 1 • Camberwell, 1 fatal in Peebbam BMW
Agin. Brantford, 1 fatal in Arm's-court ; Wandsworth,
1 fatal by the waterside ; Lambeth, 5 attacks, 3 fatal la
Junton street, Oakley street -total. 10 cases, 6 deaths. At
Sunderland 1 occurred on board a ship from London. From
Edinburgh and Leith the return announce 21 sew eases
and 10 d.aths from cholera.
THE HOTAL WESTMINSTER OPHTHALMIC HOSPl-
TAL.—Yesterday a meeting of the governors of the above
'illation, founded for the relief of indigent persons afflicted
with diseases of the eye, was held is the board-roost of the
kosyftel, in Agar sum; West Strand, Charlatan:es, la
Powell, Esq., deputy-chairman, presiding. The report for
the pest year stated that since 1317 to the present period,
about 70,000 patients have availed themselves of its benefits.
Of these, 2,000 have been restored to sight by speratioes for
cataract end the formation et artificial pupils: the appear
once of 3.405 persons has been totally altered by the opera-
we foe the removal of pointing. During Ike year ISt bad
been is, and 3,684 ant-patients. Two wards of the hospital
▪ Mnis.ed foft want of funds, the expenditure exesediag the
lesper

DISTREMID NEZDLEWONIVIN SOClETT.—Yester-
ay e special meeting of the friends of this society, co d

by Mr. Alderman Farebeotber, the reddest, wee held a
the London Tavern, for the purpose of Marie. certain sit-
plaaatiou in retail:is to an imputation thrown eat stalest
the society by Yr. Norma, la his =wisteria especity,
Lambeth pollee-court. The charge, whin wet of the our
plata& beton the magistrate, of a pones asessd=wall
that the societir not properly =wage of the
tends at its . The object of the presides* wee to
ley Wen Wen 'bars and the pablis a stallimment of the
Alderman Farebrothar wished to sweet a
ressomeefasimemeatiogosion that any poor woman wbe might be
se the society was to reesiee 96.10 d. a week
from iY task Ti. *Meet of the society wee simply to
terabit asellefemes of a temporary Ware to those poor
neetilemamem fair whom it could at the time proeida work.—
Mr. lidliguray reed a statement of the nesipto and o:pun-
dits», IFem hale, 1847, to Sept., 1848, by white it appeared
that the remipis had bout :—Donations and salteariptloas,
1071. 16s. 6d. • legacy, 5001. • total, 607/ 16s. di, Expen-
diture : in hood, 381: Bs. Sd. • paid for flanaels and
callous, 1671.55. ; wages for making up ditto, 2011. 9s. ;
wages for making up clothes to the Irish, 281. 10s. ; impro-
ver', 61. 6s. ; commission and Wary, 241 16s. 3d. ; adver-
tisements, 461. Os ; rooms and expenses for two meetings,
161 ; postage, and porterage, 41. 10s. ; peuusiary relief and
petty cash, 331. 10s. ; printing, 271. 2a. 3d. • balance in hand,
laults. Id. ; total, 6071. 16.. 61.—Mr. 'Roper stated that
the aught? of females registered la the veiety in 1848, as
compatriot workwomen, had been 254, for 132 of whom employ-
ment had been found ; and that all the petty disbursements,
with the vouchers, were regularly audited by the ladies'
conuaittee.—A resolution to the effect that the accounts pro.
dated shoald be submitted to the auditors was agreed to ;
and the thanks of the meeting having been naanimeusly
given to the ladies' committee, a vote in favour of the chair-
man was adopted, and the meeting *fainted.
GOVERNMENT EIIIGRATION.—VOMerday the Colo-
nisi Lead and Emigration Cunmissionen appointed four
weeds, of not less than 500 toms, each to convey 250 male
and female emigrants to New South Wales and Australia.
On the 4th Dec. for Sydney, all the passengers to embark at
Plymouth; and the same date another for Adelaide, all to
embark from Luscious; 11th Dec. Port Phillip, all from
Lemke ; and 7th Dec , part from Landon, the rest from Ply-
lemsth.—Total, 1,000 adults, exclusive of children.
KINO'd COLLEGE, LONDON, AND EDUCATION IN
TKO Aane.—The Atlas says : Of the many bodies at pre-
sent somposing the University of London, King's College
has stood forward as the most active is effecting real im-
provement in the system of class education. It has already
thrown open the clerical profession to many of those who
may hereafter be au ornament to religion, but whose means
or opportunities prevent them from entering at Oxford or
Cambridge. The theological clam at King s College i. tar
from doing all that is seeded in the paramount necessity of
affording to the church that supply of ministers of all classes
which is absolutely esesatial to its real usefulness ; but it has
made a most important step in the right direction, a step,
useful in itself, and still more useful- as an example. We
may lament that a tory inatitution should have led
the way in this matter. We are the more ashamed that a
tory publication originated a movement In a subject of
almost equal importance, which this ray tory institution
hoe been the first to carry Into practice. Shortly after the
publication of the article on military education in the last
somber of the Quarterly Review, a ColllllllMitetioll took
plus between King's College end the authorities at the
Hens Guards, with the view of supplying the acknow-
ledged want of a college system for the army, the only
profession excluded from collegiate advantages, incen-
tives, and distinctions. Some slight movements to a
similar end had been made at Carshalton and Putney—but
thew establi.hmente were not of sufficient Importance to
admit of the trial of the experiment on a broad and clicided
basis. The result of the negotiation will probably be the
establishment in • short time of a military department at
King's College. The course of study will be necessarily dir-
tiest, bat general—embracing every subject likely to be use-
ful to the future officer. Tne classes will be recognised by
the authorities of the army—and in all probability certain
advantages will be pieta to those distinguished at examine-
dons or otherwise—but it is not intended to make
attendance on the classes compulsory to thus about
to enter the army ,• at any rate (or the present.
It is to be hoped that the proposed measure will find in the
army itself the support it deserves. Some pro judices will be
excited amongst those whom habit or education has rendered
evens to alteration of any kind ; and we may expect a good
deal of discontent in that rather large class of persons who
adopt the army as a profession of splendid idleness. The
credit of men whose reputation is doe to their talent of
dais( nothing with a good grace, will be seriously affected
by the infouticia of the active and energetic spirit of emula-
tory ready. Peace be to both of these classes! When they
lure had their grumble—and they, doubtless, will have it—
in all probability they will yield very quietly to that move-
ment of the age which is now placing its unhallowed touch
on the castle of indolence, held out so long hitherto by the
British army against public opinion.
Tllll RICHMOND RAlLWAY.—Sir,—Having occasion
' last Sunday to go to Barnes, and wishing particularly to be
in London by half-past 10 the same evening, I took a return
ticket, by which I innocently supposed I was entitled to
return the same evening. On reaching the station, where I
found twenty or thirty people waiting, the lest train for Lu-
do!' drew up at 9i. It was quite full. By dint of eons ex-
' fraordinary manoeuvring on the part of the paid officers of
the company, and a pecu iar accommodating after-dinner
spirit on that of the passengers, some fifteen or sixteen per-
sons were stewed away and forwarded on their journey, the
remainder being left behind, to get to London how they
could, or pas the niffht In the village. I did not reach Lus-
don till the following morning, baying lost much valuable
time, and having been made the victim of a gross piece of
trickery. From a friend who accompanied me ti
Barnes, and who was fortunate (?) menet to be rqueized
into a second-clus carriage, I learn that the crush
and cramming at the Putney and Wandsworth stations
were perfectly disgraceful, and that in the depart-
meat of the carriage in which be was placed, and
which was intended for only four persons, no
leis than eight were ultimately packed, numbers
being left babied. Does it depend, sir, entirely on the
caprice of the railway directors bow long the public are to be
thus annoyed and imposed upon? By the insertion of the
above, which I should have forwarded earlier, had I had the
slightest idea that no notice would have been taken of the
matter by some one similarly situated with myself, and by
some one more capable of holding it up to public censure,
you will oblige, air, your very obedi.nt servant, A Stiaotorr,
to whom time is very valuable.—November 2 —P S. I beg
to enclose my card, and if not trespa.siar too much on your
crowded columns, should feel obliged by the insertion of the
above.

WRECK OF TUE THETIS EMIGRANT EMlP.—Year
terdny intellience was received at Lloyd's of the totat
wreck
of the Thetis emigrant ship, on her passage to Mel.
bourne. The passengers and crew consisted of about forty
persons. The disaster occurred on the night of the 26th of
June, at the entrance of Port Phillip Heads. The vessel
struck on Lonsdals reef, and in a quarter of an hour after-
wards was on her beam ends. Two children of a_passenger,
named Fitzpatrick, were washed off the wreck. Fitzpatrick
himself end his wife were subsequently washed off the reef.
The other passengers clung to he reef, and subsequently
made the land in one of the boats saved from the wreck,
with the exception of three females who were drowned in
trying to reach it. Had the tide not been out at the time
every soul on board must have perished.

SECONDARY PUNISHMENT.
TO THE IDITOk OF THI " exraus."

Sir,—Unfortunately I do not habitually two your
paper ; but my attention has been directed to your recent
mining of the key. Mr. Field's book on Separate Imprison-
ment, with the general tenor of which I wish to express my
most hearty concurrence. It is refreshing, amidst the pre-
posterous value usually attached to the quality of example in
punishment, to see a newspaper of your weight and circula-
tion advocating the superior claim of reform to be con-
sidered its primary object. " Amidst the intellectual
anarchy," you say, still subsisting among penal and die-
eiplinal writers, one principle is firmly established, Densely,
that if crime is to b put down, it must be done, not so mash
by punishing the offender, as by reforming him. The im-
portance gained in America, Holland, England, Genasny,
and France, has left us no doubt on this point. Let ne In-
flict pain, it it be nee iful—and it is often need.ul as the most
effective agency of reformation; but if we would bans per
good effects flow from our discipline we must peovide
ot▪
her elements of redemption for the criminal in oddities to
this. We mast educate (train) es well is punish. In •
word, we must correct —bat morally not leis than physically.
This may be regarded as a fundamental axiom of prises
science."
These, then, are most excellent words; but do youo rosily
think that the sentiment they express is as clearly r
and admitted into the practice of our punishments, as WO
your expoeitioa of their theory t I greatly fear not. The
violent, vindictive, and otherwise harsh and severe, maxima
introduced into this department in the infancy of mar
civilisation are so supported by what appears a win *ad
even virtuous selfishness, that however shaken in ~reamer
ings they yet linger in our wejudices, and engage even gene
et out sympathies. We still hold it to be a duty to society
to make example our first object in punishment, trident to
take only as much reform as we can make compatible with
it; instead of making reform, as you state it, our first objest,
not abandoning example, which is unnecessary, but contest
with as much of it as we can super-odd to the other.
And we thus directly perpetuate that anarchy of math.
meat on the entire subject to which you advert. Net
giving ourselves a directly tangible object as our Fi10217
pursuit, we have no test by which to measure our secures
failure. We cannot tell how mush or how little we
the community; and the reform of the critnind ht4's
secondary object with us, we readily attribute our ires is
that ti the inherent perverseness of the human, and
dally of the criminal, mind. And we thus dwell in p
titles where certainty, with • change of printery object, could
be easily obtained. With reform for cur first aim,
and example, not (as above said) abandoned, but
mad* to follow in its train, we should soon know what eye.
tem is the best, which made, not merely good prisoners, but
good discharged men, sober, honest, industrious, well-pur-
posed, able again to meet, and now to overcome the &Mall.
ties under which they previously sank. For this, as you also
happily observe, is the true test A system is worth nothing
that merely rears nurslings and qualifies to give satisfaction
in • gaol. It is by the subsequent career in tree lite that the
merits of any case an be fairly tested.
But the uncertainty thus adverted to is not all, or nearly
all, the mischief that is produced by the unhappy priority
given to example bet ve reform as a pursuit in punishment;
and although the subject is too extensive to be quite satis-
factorily condensed within the limits of • letter, yet an out-
line of the considerations involved in it may attract some

general attention. Oar ancestors, then; when they
threatened, also Arm & They telt no shrinking from
signal physical pstnishments—the only punishments, by
the way, that can be tally comprehended by vulgar, or even

by met refined minds, outside. They flogged and
banged without stint or reservation. It may be well to ob.
serve, in leaning, that they did not thus succeed. Crime
throve in their days as in ours ; and it never will be checked
en any such principle. Itis, on the contrary, en observation
common to all time that snore panishoents both increase
the psalm end aggravate the character of offences. Feet
in ib extreme form, craven fear, I. not • dominant impulse in
the human mind. The rightist movement of hope,
or anger, er siren of whist and caprice, habi-
tually overcomer it in us all; and when it is
attempted is be excited a spirit el resistants, to it rises almost
in the moot timid, and gives a seat even to many of our
easements. A subdued form of the sentiment, caution, is,
indeed, enflisisatly disseminated and powerful, but it is ex-
cited mash more by the a rtainty of a known penalty than
by its intensity ; and in reformat to it, accordingly a good
polies, multiplying the chances of detection, is infinitely
better than • severe law. Bet, waving this for
the present, our ancestors, as observed, struck, m well
se threatened. They had a principle, and they followed it.
They did not recoil from its necessary results. It was in
harmony with all their other sentiments and emotions; and
there was thus no check on its initiations. But we are alto-
gether differently placed. We retail in this a prineipis
eppos dto almost every other in our social existence. We
turn with dislike from the indiction of physical pain
in every form. Oar feelings in this respect are even
morbid. And we aoc.rdingly clottc, lodge, and feed
our prisoners in a manner superior to what most
of tht m have ev r enjoyed helm, or in which
it Is possible to maintain our virtuous poor outside, Yet our
principle of (alleged) wholesome severe), remains; and how
do we satisfy this I By moral indiction. instead, by minute
and perpetual supervision and coercion, reducing our men to
a state of infantine pupilage, and, by studied deuradation, de-
atroying every manly feeling within them. And we think
ourselves humane in thus acting. We are in truth far
more intenaely. cruel, or, st least, do far more vital
injury to every inters t connected, than art alone could cum-
peas, or even error, unless in rare eases, accomplish.
First, we altogether destroy our science by it. We have
no certainty in it, no rule that can be made turiverclly ap-
plicable. We make it a mere balancing in all caste between
conflicting expedienciee, severity for the supposed benefit of
society on the one hand, and humanity for the supposed
benefit of the criminal on the other, in both almost constantly
diverging into error. We are thus unable to construct any
general system on this footing; and, depending entirely on
the quality of our agents, we fancy it impossible to
administer it well or safely at a distance, when in truth we
only require to recognise a right principle in it, the priority
of reform as en object, to make it administer itself anywhere.
We thus deprive our whole dominions of the benefit that •
right system would confer on them ; and we injure cur un-
happy criminals at once by our severity and by our
modal-
geace—it is difficult to say by which most. We even make
the first of these an excuse for the second, justifying thus
the one by our own tort in the other. Such has been found to
be the debildating effict of oar moral inflictions that we
systematically improve the diet of our privoners to support
them under it ; and this, without in any degree palliating
the moral injury indicted on them, introduces new
evils peculiar to itself. It destroys the example that
we desire to set, by making the gaol often appear
to the destitute • refuge rather than a punish-
ment. It thus directly defeats what we so mistakenly
make our first of jest ; and, indirectly, it is also opposed to
our second. Is gives our criminals habits of eel indulgence
while in our hands, and accustoms them to fare and other
•

accommodation rh'ich few of tLern can honestly command
after their discharge. It thus increases the number and
urgency of the temptations to which they are then exposed,
being thus directly answerable for many of the re-convic-
tion* which are now a reproach on our criminal administra-
tion. The whole treatment, indeed, is so unwise, that the
marvel to me is that there are not even many more.
Such, then, is the view of punishment which twelve years
of constant thoaght end observation, chiefly in those extreme
circumstances which force conclusions even cn the least
reflecting, have deeply impressed on my mind. The first
great error in past and existing systems is the preference
given in them to example over reform as the object of pri-
mary pursuit ; and next to this is the grievous mistake that
even where we seek reform we do it by means calculated to
subdue and enfeeble, instead of endeavouring to strengthen
and invigorate our charge. And the remedy is to reverse
both processes. Let us earnestly seek to reform
our criminals, doirg nothing whatever, under any
pretext, that is palpably calculated to defeat this object ;
but at the some time, let it be by adversity, not indulgence,
by the performance of a hard task, not by sluggish submis-
sion, that liberty once forfeited ever can be regained. And
making this accordingly the measure of our punishments,
and not time which merely enforces submimim' we shall
do much, but still not all; nor is th. the only
principle conducive to reform, to which we ought
therefore to attend. I have suggested especially three
Offences committed in prison should be punished
not, as at present, by the childish and degrading infliction of
stripes, hunger, and dark cells, but by the forfeiture of ad-
vances already made towards Ithention, in each ease propor-
tioned to the quality of the offence committed. Again, food
and all other supplies furnished to prisoners should be
charged to them in labour specifically rendered for this pur-
pose, besides all required of them to earn their liberty;
giving them thus an interest in economy, and re-
conciling them to the hardest, because the cheapest,
fare. And lastly, to overcome the selfishness that generally
characterises criminals, and is at the root of most of their
crimes, where many of them are employed together they
should be distributed into parties of six, with common in-
terests, and be thus engaged to Isbour and refrain by a gene-
roue, as well as merely personal motive. in one word
they should all be subjected to what I have called
the mark system, and which I have sought inde-
fatigably, but as yet with but little success, to advocate
and exemplify during the last ten years. I confess that I
wonder at the difficulty that I have thus experienced. When
I think of the importance of the subject, the undoubted chi.
ratter of the principles, and the weight which so long and
minute thought and practice ought to carry, it seems to me
inexplicable. But if you will now espouse the cause, which
rests essentially on your own principle, and will thus sup-
plement the feebleness of its advocate, success may be even
near and certain.

It was one of the proudest boasts of the great Lard Chat-
ham that, having found our Highlanders in arms against
their country, he made them its faithful and devoted
soldiers. But it would be a prouder boast still for the states-
man who, finding our criminals a worthless hostile burden
on the finances of the country, elaborately corrupted by it,
shall make them good and awful subjects instead. And ruck
boast is within the reach of any administration that may
make this cause its own. _

I —ltwillbeaeoreititiTio. when having been in gaol shall be
a recommendation, and discharge from it be in itself a peril.
heats of character. Yet this will be obtained when exertion
and good conduct shall be made the measure of punishment,
and discharge carry with it a proof of having rendered them.
' And shall we thereby encourage criminals, and discoutage
or seduce the honest labourer ? Let us not believe it I
"Sweet are the ems of adversity," but no one likes
' the school. A character will always be sought mon
sadly than by undergoing such a proosse. The honest
poor may desire to compete with the discharged criminal
and to prove that proficiesey and other merit can be learned
elsewhere than in • gaol ; and • higher standard both of phy-
sical and moral excellence may thus be universally aimed at
than now, when early crime is considered a perpetual die.
qualification; and there io than no true competition existing
between the respective claws. Bat no one will seek thfi
particular form of training who does not otherwise deserve
to be gent to it. It will, in truth, be far more deterring than
anything now witnessed.
The views, then, are endless which may be thus opened
out ; but they cannot be pursued further now. It is very
usual to all penal science difficult; but it is really only difil
cult, as • Chinese puzzle is difficult, because, with all the
means of success in it at our disposal, we yet persist in bring.
ing the wrong one first forward. The true rule in it is very
simple, and the suthorily for it vary high. " Seek ye first
the kingdom of God and His righteousness," the reform of
the man. Beek this at the mate time well end wisely, as
Providence itself seeks it in ordinary life, by placing our
patients in circumstances in which their exertions ran serve
them, not their supineness or submission. Do this. and "all
other things,"—the interests of a selfish policy, "will be added
unto you." We have hitherto missed these, and will ever
miss, and deserve to Mile, them by reversing this process.
A. MAcomocata.