The Express.
London, England, 1847-11-24 00:00:00

EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 24, 1847.

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LONDON,WEDNESDAY,NOY. 24.
Ton journal was fortunate enough to be the only
one which published, yesterday, the important meet-
ing at Manchester, at which Mr. Cusittes
VIL-
Ltsas's letter, declining the representation of South
Lanewhire, was read—when Mr. COBDEN, pro-
=Mr. ALEXANDER HENRY as the new can-
disclosed no small portion of his ideas with
Yto the beet mode of meeting the present flnan-
dd ifficulties. Mr. COBDEN has put forward once
more the now somewhat antiquated notion of retrench-
ment, and 'teemed to indicate not only that he himself
would take up that simple, though ungracious mode
of supplying a deficit, but that he desired to have
one more zealous and practical colleague to aid him
in the 'rapport and elucidation of this idea. Retrench-
ment, as a great state policy, has certainly grown
rather rusty in the hands of Mr. WILLIAMS and Mr.
linsta, the radical spokesmen in the house having
indeed turned their efforts more to the reduction of
taxation than to the keeping down expendi-
ture. And the expenditure having gradually swelled,
the simultaneous reduction and repeal of taxes
led to the present state of war contrfiration and
pressure; in a period of profound rose, and to
menacing deficits, notwithstanding, effecting
the credit of the country and the of its
character and influence.
" What we want in the House of Commute said
Mr. COBDEN, " are men who will apply the maxims
of private life to the concerns of government. What
do people in private life do when they find their
means falling off, and that they have no longer the
same revenue—the same income—the same profits
Why, they set about retrenching."
To impress such doctrines as these upotipar.litheset,
Mr. COBDEN declares that oratory is not required, and
that there " are already too many public speakers in
the House of Commons." Mr. COBDEN SIOMM
however, forget the truth, of which he is himself so
splendid an exemplification, that eloquence does not
exclude sound sense, experience, or political wisdom ;
and that genius in a public man, like beauty
in a woman, cc gate rien, as the French
say—that is, neither excludes nor militates
*pant the poasewion or use of other states-
manlike qualities or endowments. Constituen-
cies, however, may be contented with something less
than Dzoosrontrns ; and if they be reduced to the
alternative, a man of experience and weight without
eloquence is certainly preferable to eloquence without
these sterling qualities.
Extensive or county constituencies are perhaps
more limited in their choice than places of more
circumscribed importance. It is not every can-
didate, however really and essentially titled,
who can be presented to such a constituency.
A large portion of rustic voters deem birth a desirable
concomitant to liberalism, and the perfect bearing of
a gentleman has charms for even chartist tastes.
No greater proof can be given of the weight attached
to an aristocratic name even in South Lancashire,
than the fact of the League deeming it necessary to
meet the candidature of a froward boy like lord
BRACILLEY, with a name calculated to command the
respect of squires and farmers ss well as of free-
It is to be regretted that Mr. CHARLES Vaunts
did not follow the example of Mr. COBDEN, and
sacrifice the otium cum dignitate of Welverhampton
for the championship of South Lancashire. But we
can well understand how much more preferable and
desirable,though IWO humble, is atown constituency
to the disputed and shifting one of a county, so
various in its interests and so fickle is its aspirations.
The ehairman of the ass, Mr. Wil.sort, secured
to represent the promotion of the member for Waiver-
=to be member for South Lancashire, as •
et of gratitude on the part of the League, and
es ea honour whisk ought amply to repay Mr. VIL-
Lurie% long Weedy service to the cause of free
trade. We very much Mr.l7thismrs's being in-
clined to accept mush an honour as payment in full,
or in pert. In coming ibresrd for South Lenesahire,
the name of Mr. C. VI:LIMB was perhaw as useful to
the quondam League as the gumbos Leaguewas in-
!Wendel to his return. And in this respect the par-
ties ere quits—leaving
_little room for the expression
of either gratitude car obligation_
Whatever the eause or the circumstance, we ean-
not bet regret Mr. C. Vimaxas's decision. Be-
-
sewed matested elections for South Lancashire and
for the Cfly at Lodes are obstructions and traps laid
in the way dale liberal anus, and in localities whore
no Ist or Impediment ought to be even supposed to its
triumph.

Tim inerme adeptsd by the Bank of England
with rahrenee to its ate of interest cannot but be
chanielmiged se tightly and wise. It cadre an
alzsestural epee al breveton all the interests
It relieves the mingieroe al the country
Item the filo** at as notetilent end terrifying rate
of amegmedelim. and ameba selves to the Bank an
active Sal kr the omatyment d ibi sespins hada.
It megover please an argunsed of the gelato* form
in the bends of those who, liekkag esesewhd
dame below the surface then the figetrissava of
the Addembhe weed. are etegegip disposed to
believe that ear evils hithwte hem been more
the result dim mtimagant and egiihmis alma, than
of any yelped, disparity batmen &means and the
ebligehom of the community. Them is abroad, un-
kaimately, a `webs' spirit, Mat-sighted end bead-
les& width threaten to /awry us into m hertiveihe
ancritheord aspeeries, for more kinsmen ilos ear
premat or retold ekegmbrism, wend pain-
ful as they are.
The Bank, with emmodable maims, make
to return to be knew by mg pada-
tient, and toeLairliare loth said
and commercial jadileallem An abatimmit at
one sweep of two or three pie amt. meld in all
probability have &hated its own e_ • We should
have had an exhibition of violent MiedealMbn and
excloment on the litoek Embaege, and, what would
have bun iamb* more pirohlege, a desperate race
doompatilien Uterus the permentst banking ((Ir-
ani the wawa slate of dealers in capital.
roriris !resit* this make Cl compstilion which
in any mime maybeprmomded by. Who:
rity for the him asmagesisM et owe Anemia eye-
ing, mast begird carefully 'minded. The fanstions
of the Bank eel really of a rommlial and not at hem.
politics chgratter. Itonghttobeas ithas been hitherto,
at least previews Mho alieratlen of 1844—a haven of
ultimate resort, assess of musour in the last in-
stance, and an estsbliamint which,keeping itself free
from indirect 00181116301111 and obligatlam, thank' have
it in its pow" he My firward in the crisis of an
=and inteepois mist and unimpeached
een a paniyeed triby and the evils
whisk beast to from a conlegiews distrust, to be 'Ti-
psiesd by main bat the prodnetion of a medium of
exabtor width no men disputes. If the Bank can-
not be mode to 'answer them ends, we very muck
question, with Mr. Houma Ewen the utility of
permitting the @Motown of apowerfol and irresis-
tible a body.
Olicially, the Me of interest is now 7 per cent. ; but

even this reduced per tentage is considerably beyond
the actual market price of capital at this moment, and
we shall not be at all surprised to see a still further
diminution of the private securities in the next two or
three returns. We entertain an idea that it will be
profitable to borrower' from the Illsoonnt-offies to
liquidate their debts in that quarter for the sake of
Use mar& of profit between the dirvetere minimum
and the berms on which the same accommodation can
be had elsewhere.
Upon a subject liable to so many contingencies, we
are exceedingly loth to express a prospective
opinion ; but as far as we see at present it appears to
be very likely that before the first day of the new
year we may hear complaints in Lombard-street that
cash is of difficult employment at some 2 or 21 per cent.
below its present quoted price. And it is very im-
portant to point out that it is this constant tmdm. cy
of the rate of interest to fall to a comparatively low
point which lends so much force to the sus-
picion that, with the advantage of a gales-
oent and natural state of the public feeling,
them has been hitherto an ample sufficiency
of has at a reasonable rate to meet all the engage-
ments of the country. Thus for example, we had inte-
rest at ak per cent, in June, after the pressure of
April ; we had the facilities of September after the
disquietude; of August ; and we have now the
rate • ease of November after the peine forte et
dun which will for ever signalise the month of
October, 1847, as one of the darkest in the mercantile
calendar.

THE English have always preserved a regard for
ancient formalities. The ceremonies which once
formed the decoration of actual power have often been
maintained for centuries after they have survived
their meaning. GEORGE lIL was, up to the peace of
Amiens, King of France by the grace of God, and
certain dignitaries are still periodically appointed as
triers of petitions for Gascony, even though the very
name of leasrany has been swept from the map of
France, while the region which it designated has
become famous as the department of Gironde.
There is a sound instinct of historical continuity at the
bottom of this tenacity of obsolete forms, even though
sometimes it may degenerate into superstitious
trifling. The fictions which once were realities, dim
a line by which the progress .of past changes
may be traced; and the spirit of the pre-
sent will be better understood, its future changes
foreseen, by observing the land-marks which show
the course which it has hitherto described. It is only
when fictions are mistaken for facts, and when those
who possess the antiquated symbols of power claim
its reality, that the abolition of ancient ceremonies
becomes practically necessary.
An antiquarian celebration of the kind which we
have described was a few days ago held, acconling to
custom, in St. Paul's CathedraL The little ecelemee-
tical parliament of the province of Canterbury was
summoned to meet at the same time with its living
prototype at Westminster, and the archbishop de-
clining, like the QUEEN, to occupy his throne for the
occasion, sent commissioners to open the two
houses, and to listen to the appointed Latin
discourse. The proceedings which followed are
enveloped in mystery. The prolocutor was to
be chosen with closed doors, and the world
will never know the reasons which were urged
for the selection of a candidate for that important
office, which derives its name a non proloquen4o. At
this point we believe the business of the ecclesiastical
session ends. The learned preacher, indeed, teems to
havehinted that her Majesty might hereafter have ems-
sion to consult the convocation on the affairs of the
church ; bat we can hardly hope to see such a west of
public business as to leave time for so eccentric a
mode of providing a supply of it. Perhaps, although
we are not aware of the fact, the expres-
sion of each an expectation may be one of the
established and conventional usages of the occasion.
The little church-parliament of York has made an
unseccerdul attempt to prove that it possesses animal
vitality as well as organic existence. hen the solemn
conclave was constituted, a proposal was made that
it should appoint a prolocutor. The president, how-
ever, who, in consequence of the vacancy of the arch-
bishopric had been appointed by the crown, expressed
so much horror at the audacious suggestion, that it
was instantly withdrawn. The convocation might
then have proceeded to do nothing without interrup-
tion; but Archdeacon WILBERFORCE posed an
address to the crown, of the mildest hem, of gra-
titude and good intentions, such as meemtt
on every occasion is in the habit, if in an
of adopting. But it is the essence of a wavelation
that it should do nothing, however kermlies or
useless. Canon liswelss, we read=ted to
Canon Dtxots, who presided, that it expe-
dient, if any discussion was attempted, to
the convocation. Another canon rose to epeaat on
point, but the president interrupted him with a emen-
date to the vergers to take up their mum The con-
vocation was prorogued, the procession left the
chapter-house, and the would-be speakers were
shortly afterwards informed that they must take their
loyalty and their constitutional right thewhine.
Among all the great institutions of the country, this
convocation of York seems to be the least formidable
and dangerous.
To do the clergy justice, we believe they =
fectly aware that the summoning of the con
is a mere form, and are not in general unwilling dlna
it should retain its present character. Now anti I
a feeble burst of correspondence explodes An the
columns of the journals which represent the diiihreat
sections of the church, with complaints of the tsweay
of the state in not allowing freedom to the efreleriae-
tioal parliament Even the elections of mambos of
the lower house manshime tarnish a little Imisebes
excitement to a few at the elerskkend
may recollect a emmedhatien van
some months sines from a wereepagesat who Wind
assisted in ousting Dr. A. and Dr. B. in favour of I
Dr. C. and Mr. D., who have, we doubt not, fully
justified his confidence by their conduct during sa-
me at St. Pants. On the whole, however, clergy as
well as laity feel that the formal debates and votes of a
spiritual legislature, which would have no power
over the laity, and very ambiguous rights, with re-
vent even to its constituents, the clergy, would be
either trivial and useless, or seriously inconvenient.
From the time of Henry VIII. the convoeation has
had no power to make canons without the Bing's
license, and it has long ago been decided that even
with the royal sanction it cannot bind the laity. It
might, no doubt, dimes the various controversies
which from time to time disturb the church ; but no
authority would attach to its resolutions; and mile-
Medial disputes, even more than other carrels are
generally made more irreoondliable by public, die-
The real purpose of the ocavoestica ceased to
exile immediately after the retaliation. Although
in early times it exercised the weal powers of
a givingps opinions on the allies- of the church,. the
always took are to keep width narrow limits
the power of a body which tended me dronglialots
before with their autocracy. As long w the
and mitred abbots preponderated In the /lonia at
Lords, while some of their number seminally &soled
administrative affairs, there was no danger that the
church would require rapport from a parliament of
its own. The cease of the existence of the convoca-
tion, and especially of the elected and representative
part of it, was, not that the Memo or PIA/4w
time kings wanted canonical advice, bat that
they always wanted money. The Howe at Can-
mons has expanded from the contrivance he Ong,
while the convocation instituted he the reties peree.
after fulfilling it for some centuries eadifee4 rear
quiihed it, and has ever since haunted et Peers
Churchyard as an empty and peirpieOiso Out. It
baptists and independents hadiadsted in the Une at
EDWARD L as recognised bodies, they would inevits-
My have enjoyed the expensive honour of taxis&
themselvei some form or other for the
the necessities of the crown. If, hie the 01471115115 h
ministers had been exempted from lay taaatioe,
would have followed that they should have a moms-
tion of their own. In Sweden the dery still ken a
Part of the Isfiledsture, which, ea in west el the ell
oontitientalsmiltelions, is kinked of elinriet
81
an like they Unyielding is one Rows GI lards.=
Into a stog amasibly
Mit the Restoration the dery bed it Pete
to partake et taxation with their *Ow-
setVrthan to uses their ova coatribtekes to the
pa Doreen in oonnsatke. Poe the ant two or
three Tagus they still medically talsellyed in piddle
drake ; and in the time at Axes a Ism %mew,
=d took place between the Lower SOESE_
by ArrzaarixT, and the Howe et
Bishops. Dian the prorogation in 1717 the sea.

vocation has never been summoned to meet for
the despatch of business. We have seen that
the little northern convocation still goes through
the form of assembling at York. It may safely
be prophesied that neither body will ever be
allowed to exercise substantial power as long as the
church maintains its present connexion with the state.
If ever a 'emotion take" place, the government of
the church will no doubt be populariseu, as is the ease
with its flourishing offshoot in America. Opinions
ma, differ as to the expediency of encouraging re-
ligions politics by constitutional systems of church
government. There can be little doubt that it is
better to afford as few opportunities as possible for
discussing them, where the system which they con-
cern is connected by establishment with lay politics,
and with the administration of government.

Our Paris despatches of
i Monday have arrived.
The attention of the French public s at present di-
vided between the agitation for electoral and parlia-
mentary. reform and the civil war in Switzerland. The
former, in spite of, or perhaps we should rather say
aided by, the moat obstinate and unecroplons opposition
of the government, is assuming dimensions and import-
soca which must render it ultimately triumphant.
The leading men of every section of the opposi-
tion, from the legitimists of the extreme right to
the republicans of the extreme left, consenting to
waive their peculiar points of difference, are cor-
dially uniting for this single and paramount object—
real representation. Those who hate Louis Philippe
because they love a republic fraternise with those
who bate Louis Philippe because they love the legiti-
mate Bourbons, and are determined that if the pre-'
sent dynasty must reign, it shall reign, not by the aid
of a chamber which it shall debase by the present
scandalous system of official corruption, but under the
control of one which shall fairly represent, at least,
that portion of the people which contribute to the
support of the state.
To neutralise any injurious effect which might arise
from the recent differences manifested among the re-
form party in reference to the feast of the King and
the finality of the arrangements of 1830 a manifesto
has just been put forth, sanctioned by the signatures
of a great number of leading deputies and others,
holding high and influential positions, in which the
objects of the party are explicitly set forth.
The principal journals of every party, except the
organs of the cabinet itself, devote a large portion of
their columns to the
_denouncement of the conduct of

the ministers and their journals, in relation to Switzer-
land. The conduct of M. Bois-le-Comte, and the
false position he has consented to assume, is also
severely censured.

The despatches and journals of Madrid-of the 16th
have arrived. Those of the 17th were still due in
Paris when our correspondent closed his letters. The
journals are filled with reports of the ceremonial of
the opening of the Cortes. The ministerial journals
represent the aspect of the Queen to be happy and
contented, and her reception to have been enthusiastic.
The opposition papers affirm that she was received
with the most chilling silence—a manifestation not,
however, directed against the Queen, but against
those ender whose advice and influence she is acting.
The fact we announced yesterday of the election of
M. Mon to the Presidency of the Chamber is con-
firmed. He had 13.5 votes out of 179.

A great mess of communications from the theatre
of civil war in Switzerland are before us, among
which it is impossible not to observe with sentiments
of unmingled reprobation the enormous misrepresen-
tations, falsehoods, and calumnies, of the agents and
the journals of the Guizot cabinet. So shameful a
spectacle of the abase of journalism has seldom been
witnessed, and it has, of course, excited natural in.
dignation, not only in Switzerland, but among the
most respectable and independent members of the
Parisi press. There is no fiction so gross—no
calumny so monstrous—no falsehood so auda-
cious, as to Mlle its exclusion from the
ministerial journals of Paris, provided only it
cast odium on the recognised and legitimate
government of the Swiss confederation. The sdvicea
from Berne are to the evening of the 18th. The
federal troops in Friburg hale encountered the
greatest difficulty in repressing the outages directed
by the people of the canton against the farmer can-
tonal government. The men of the landeturm not
yet disarmed ravage the canton, and attack the officers
of the disbanded troops of the Sonderbund, whose
lives have in many eases been saved by the inter-
position of the federal troops. The hones of the
Avoyer Fournier has been pillaged, not (as the French
ministerial papers said) by the federal troops, but by
the people of the Sonderbund party itself. The officers
and privates of the federal troops engaged in the pro-
tection of person and property are basely fired upon
as they pass by concealed assassins. Two of these mur-
derers were seized on the 17th, and shot.
The dispersed members of the landeturm were
spreading fire and murder through the German dis-
trict of Friburg. The 12th battalion of the Bernese
troops had overran the district to disarm them.
Advisee from Lucerne to the 15th have been re-
ceived. The greatest consternation and distress pre-
vailed. Provisions had risen almost to famine prices.
The publication or circulation of all news from
Friburg was forbidden. It was said that 300
of the soldiers who had left on the expedition
to the Freiamt, in Arpin, had not returned. -Parents
bewailed their sons, wives their husbands, and sisters
their brothers. The only hope of the population was
that the misery was too great to last long. Deserters
from Lucerne were arriving in considerable numbers,
' in the adjacent cantons. They reported that the
cantonal authorities circulated statements of the defeat'
and slaughter of great numbers of the federal troops
on the expedition to the Freiamt, and that when the
submission of Friburg should be known large bodies
' of the Lucerne troop would withdraw to Argau and
the other neighbouring cantons, and would submit to
• the federal government. On the evening of the 18th,
the federal troops in Friburg had succeeded in re-
storing order. The provisional government was or-
ganised, and co-operated with the fr&eal commiseion-
ern and the oemmander of the troops.

The jawing, and despatches from Conutantinople
to the 8811th inst. have arnved. The 'abject
is the cholera, which has declared itaelt in an unequi-
vocal shl in that city. A mast disastrous fire had
i on thu 27th ult., the barrack of Wean*
01-17aigo—vot barer 10,000 112611. The property de-
stroyed was valued at 24,0001. Flftsea wino
Mimed. The origin of the tire woo s. ILad to brow
=sadtwaral perms bad ban ansstod odor
News from Teheran bed hem resolved to
the 111 SM too, Ts ors of Khorasan had
• wahos Tbe hmarroalisa was
the Insurgents &shouts& The obis& of
niviitint taken refuge in the loreress of Kolat.

Adobe bus Athens to the iO have arrived. The
late coy d'fieJ,lo, which the Lag meted a majority
in the
Alen
Thu
der el sumMe,eadiasd toFac be
ie the melde, X d el dissen-
sion. Mil
had Wired a drake of sPoPlearf
.2,.. 618 n
faun trace entlietelnel bar hie life. All
however, had illeappeseed. Oro was
to be adopted in tie mate, watrad"dl3 the ballot,
hitherto med.

=

CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. S.
Since the 24th nit,
atilt quarantia• audionities have
reported twenty eras ag& Oa* els et Ermo, how-
raprogrod Ind. Ali tone atieshed Amos ism =be
te the peeve abeam The an Algol et the
gratelauLseli=adisommoosellosizreate=
is the wi.
.. striagjborkslellir dos& a
mem" haitgroming the mewl al a male* 'Aldo b on
*hen asi set essiesime, delgasiteel seuub
th= rendellsas, as hr go theehoina
the miles. Thig oistmmislige i
.. lie part
et the Pane hoe nedosi the eppreinhael the amessono-
tires at the moan,
Dunes thehatima ist too /hint wise lsgebesa Wombs
without ougelles hen the sinheigh gad mita it hies le
torrests. Deans neva week nen Ina forty mash en
Epdt. home pout to the linig Sea. A Tulin
tntot a loammon, want gi owe with all heeds
hen lie for et the lambent.
Semealasertedinge ben OW arm Dayskokas
howls' era the Implesinge
=Sac and pinho leads. aloges is the
IPPIPPIet vitit *MR Ia by the memell,
soma verde ere es ahem letweso lie Giant's Xmonois
ma the Wien's taw.
MONTE VIDEO.—Ths Maw* arrived at Lim-

. Lotto essabar—fa-lp azist=l=
lielbsatalimalm, wayslaled
fer * w of Ils& Amebas wain is Oa IN.*
malarle big in ea vary pea hard. Ives law as the
aairepvistalesi maid we Maly Mums

still farther decline. Freights too were looking down.
Extract of a letter dated Monte Video, Sept. 27, 1847:—
"To-day four vessels have sailed for Buenos Ayres, having
en baud tke cargoes bombe to this place, viz. • one Spanish,
two Bruiila is, and as English brig, the Rachel, with alt.
They were cleared out at the custom-haute for Valparaiso,
sad it appears by this movement that the parties are deter-
mined to try the 'Moloney of the French blockade, as it at
Faint exists; thus, if this mancouvre should piers IP llCCeis-
fel, a cave,, blew will be inflicted on the interests of the
clique that now monopolise the revenue of thin
custom-
house
BAHIA.—By the Manchester, arrived at Liver-
advisee have been received from San Salvador to the
2od October. Affairs in that city were dull. Exchange
still ruled at 27 d.
MAURITIUS.—The Nath, that arrived at Liver-
pool yesterday, called at Mauritius on her way baba, sad
left that island on the 15th September. There illlolll.lllo
interest from that quarter. Trade remained without Amp.
Exchange was at par for bills at 90 days. A.dnissi Davis
and family had arrived at the island.