The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-21 00:00:00

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"ORKS by DOUGLAS JERROLD.

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Now ready, New FAltion revised mid enlarged, cloth 4s. 64.
RURAL CHEMISTRY: an Elementary Introdue.
non to the Study of the Science in its Relation to .bgricu!ture.
By EDWARD itor.z.v, FAILS., F.L.S., F.G.8., IMn. Member of the Royal
Agricultural Society. England.-Corraires :-
Chapter 1.-Objects of chemistry-Affinity-Nature of Combination
and dicomposition-The elements-7L• air, Its pimpernels and cern-
.
=on-4/argot and nitrogen-Combo"
lo acid gas-Water, ier, and idea
beat--Composition of water-Ilydrogen.
Chapter 11.-Carbon, its different fa
and decay-Carbonic acid go, produced by respiration, combustion,
fermentatkoi, U.-Nature of acids and salts -Carburetted hydrogen,
firs damp., coal gas-Compounds all definlte-Combining weights-
Caution/a oxide-Nitrogen combined with hydrogen forms ammonia
-Nitric add-Nitrates-Sulphur, suiphurous acids-Sulphuric add,
sulphates-Sulphuretted hydrogen--Chiorinr, nutrient acid-iodine,
Bromine-Phosphorus, phosphoric acid.
Chapter 111.-Vases-.tlkslies- Potash, Its properties-Carts:mate
and nitrate of potash, gunpowder-Soda, common raft, sulphate, nor.
batiste and nitrate of rods-Ammonla, its carbonate, sulphate, mu-
date, and phosphate-The alkaline earths-lame its nature and pro-
perties-Carbonate, sulphate, and phosphate of lime-Magnesia, its
carbonate, sulphate, muriate, and phosphate.
Chapter IV.-The earths - .Mununa, its properties-Alum, Silica, or
snick acid-Silicates of 'Mash and soda- Glass-Silicates in the soil,
In plants-The rneta/s, their oxides and salta-lron, tts oxides -.Pyrites
-Sulphate of Iron, or green eitnol--Gold-Silver-Mercury-Copper
-Z --111 n -Manganese -i.e d -Metallic alloys.
Chapter V.anic matter-Vegetable substances-Lignin, or
woods fibre--bra, varieties of starch-Gam, soluble and insoluble
-sugar--Cane, and grape sugar-Gluten, albumen, oscine, legumine,
fibrin, Riladine-Chemical changes-Fermentation-Spirit of sine-
Vegetable acids-Vinegar, citric, tartaric, mane and oxalic acids-
OM, mains, gum resins, and colouring matters-Inorganic consti-
tuents of plants-Animal substanco-Albumen-Filirin- Blood, and
muscle-Ca:wine, milk, and cheer--Gelatine -Fat -Bones, teeth,
horn, ke.-Protein, food of animals-Digestion-Respiration -Circa-
laden of the Mood-Urine.

of frost —Latent

Chapter VL -The food of planto-Substances derived from the
Mr-Sources of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrugen, and carbon-Substance,
derived from the sal--Sources of earthy substances-Composition of
'nibs, their formation -IPoompositien of silk:des-Mechanical struc-
tore of wails-The saline constituents of soils-Organic matters In
soils, humus, humic acid, their use in soils-Germination, malting-
Moisture, sir, and warmth--Influence of light--Office of the loaves-
Rooth-Fonnation of organic matter-Flowers, fruit, seedr-Oritanic,
and organised matter-Vitality of embryo--Nature of seeds-tarthy
substances in plants-Rffeets of climate-Action of plants on the air.
Chapter VII.-IPterioration of mils, its cause-Modes of maintain-
, ing the fertility of the soil -Theory of fallowing-Rotation of crops-
' Subsoil ploughing-Dniining-Manure--Ch franie manure-- Animal
manure; contains nitrogen-Reudta of putrefaction-Sulphuretted
hydrogen-loss of manure-Liquid manure-Animal excrements,
guano -Modes otafitting ammoa, by acids, by g:rpsum, &c.-Strang
manures-Wool, rags, oils--Bones-Superphosphate of lime--Vege-
table manures-dsvolust, seaweed -Green manures-Irrigation--
I Inorganic manures-Lime, chalk, marl, shell, fend ---(;)psum-Phip.
phate lime-Ashes-Burnt clay-Soot, charcoal-Has liquor-
Potash-Alkaline alts-Nitrates, common salt-Felt and lime.
' Chapter VIM-Composition of particular crop-Composition of
Whent-Barley--Osts-Itye- Maize- Rice- Buckwheat- Linseed -
Hemp-need ileum- Peas-Lentils -Vetches-- Potatoes-
Batatas, Jerusalem Artichoke-4/mile -Cabbage-Turnips-Sweet
Potato-Carrot-- Parsnip-Clover -Lucern -Suintfoin. Composition
of particular manures-Coves mine-Fine dung-Pig's dung
Human excrement-Urine-Pions of Oxen--Cows-Hornes-Plars-
Farmyard dung-Guano-Wood ashes-WWl:dal ashew-Feat ashes
-Kelp.
Published at the offer of Tins " Gaprozsras' CITRONICIA, AND
Ao .ICrLTVIAL Cisforrer." 5 :)tai t Ws'linztonwtreet, Cevent-earden.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

THIS DAY. Four o'Clock.

An arrival from the Cape of Good Hope supplies
us with files of the South African Adrertiser to the
19th August inclusive. The accounts from the colony
are of a discouraging kind. The dispatches from
head-quarters to the Bth August announces no event
of particular importance. The British forces, esti-
mated at 3,000 infantry, and 2,000 cavalry, were
understood to be moving in three columns on the dis-
trict of rugged country lying at the mouth of the
Buffalo river, where it was believed that the Gaika
Kaffirs would be found in force, and that a general
eng-lement would take place. According to other
accounts received, the Governor was forming an
entrenched camp at Pierie, where he would
remain with the infantry, sending the cavalry to the
rear to recruit their cattle ; in which case further of-
fensive operations would necessarily be postponed
to the beginning of October. The horses were said
to be without corn, and the ration of provisions served
to the troops was 1 lb. meat and lb. biscuit daily.
After considerable skirmishing in the Amatola
mountains, the divisions of Sir Andreas Stockenstrom
and Colonel Hare bad succeeded in forcing the Kaffirs
to retire upon the Kieskamma, with a loss of about
130 killed, and a number of guns and horses, which
were captured. This service was performed with a
loss on the side of the British of some ten or twelve
coloured persons killed, and a few wounded. Both
Colonel Somerset and Capt. Wright, Aide-de-camps,
had been struck by spent balls, but, fortunately, sus-
tained no injury.
Such are the accounts from the army in Knffirland ;
but while the Commander-in-Chief was moving upon
the Buffalo, the Kaffirs had succeeded. by a retrograde
movement, in placing themselves between the British
forces and the frontier, so as effectually to cut off sup-
plies forwarded from the colony. They had abso-
lutely penetrated into the colony itself, and sueeee:ed
in carrying away large herds of cattle and sheep; not
always, however, without a struggle, in which both
parties suffered severely in killed and wounded. In one
of these affairs a small detachment of the Stellenbosch
levy were hemmed in a defile, and five of the party
mortally wounded. Events of this sort were of almost
daily occurrence ; so that what between the harassing
service upon which the settlers were engaged, the
general distress prevailing, and the continued losses
to which they were subjected, the prospects of the
colony were of a very gloomy character. The death
of Lieut. Lewis, of the 27th Regt, at Fort Cox, is an-
nounced. Sir C. Ricket , Bart., of her Majesty's ship
Helena had recovered. We subjoin extracts :
(From the Frontier Times, of August 11.)
MONDlY.—Yesterday during the morning service the
mournful tidings were received front Niemand's kraal that
five of the Stellenbosch Burghers had fallen on that morning
in an encounter with the enemy in the neighbourhood of
the favourite Kaffir haunt, " Hell Poort." The particulars
of this tragical event are given below. This is the heaviest
casualty that has been sustained at one time on our side
in the colony since the war commenced. Immediately upon
the receipt of this intelligence, Major O'Reilly dispatched a
Alachment of the C. M. It. under Ensigns Harvey and Saha,
to the spot, and subsequently Captain Samson, of the Libe-
rated African Corps, and Lieutenant Skead, of the Malay
Corps, with a party of their people, volunteered to go out
and render any mistimce in their power.
" On Sunday morning last, 9th Aug., Lieut. Briers, who
was in command at Niemand's kraal during the absence of
Capt Neethling, to the Zuurberg, sent nut a foot patrol of
20 coloured persons, who, it 'imam fell in with the spoor
of some Kaffir' which they followed through De Bruin's
peers, and came up with five Kaffirs near the Fish River,
driving fifteen head of cattle and one horse. They shat one
Kaffir, wounded another, and re-took the cattle and horse.
They also took the gun of the Kaffir that was killed, who
had a large powder-horn more than half-filled with powder,
and sixteen bullets.
" Shortly after the patrol had left, Lieut. Briers went out
with a mounted patrol of fifteen men in the direction of Hell
Poort, where they shortly fell in with the spoor of the
Reifies and cattle. This they followed into a very bushy
klonf, with a rugged stoney ridge in the centre, upon
which they kept, the ground being more open, when
they saw some cattle in the ravines below. At the
same moment nearly, • volley was fired upon them
from the bush, and one man, Mr. D. Rossouw, of
Wagonmaker's Valley, shot through the stomach, the ball
passing through his pouch, and penetrating his back.
He fell from his horse, and hie comrades, who now found

themunius mineunded by at heat MO Karin, drew his jacket
ever hishead, and left him either dead or dying. The Kollin
had by this time quite surrounded the little parq, who had
to fight every inch of their way back out or the bush, in
doing which they lost four more of their somber, via., Mr.
P. F. de Villiers, late of Langeberg ; his brother, Mr. Her-
menus P. de Villiers., lately reaiding with Mr. Esterhuisen,
in Wasonmaker's Valley ; Mr. J. S. Batmen, of Kosberg ;
and Mr. P. Haashamer, of Zwartland. Mr. P. F. de
Villiers was shot through the palm of his left hand, after
which, it is said, he killed three of the enemy, and whilst he
was getting upon his horse he wu shot through the hack ;
his brother Hermann, declared he would not stir from the
side of Lis brother, they having promised each other, he said,
to die together, and he would not leave him. Force, it is
said, was attempted,; but of 'maven ; he remained behind. J.
S. Beason was shot through the back of the neck as he
was getting on his horse, and Haushamer's horse was
shot under him. He unfortunately concealed himeeff in
a bush, which was the last time he was observed by the
party. Many daring deeds are reported to have bean
done by this brare little band of burghers, and we
have heard Mr. Bredenkamp, the adjutant, spoken of,
amongst others, as having shown great determination and
potence of mind. He saw two Kaffir' mounted oa the
horses of the Messrs. Villiers, and, watching his opportunity,
he fired when they were abreast of each other, and
dropped them both ; it is also said that whilst he was
loading his gun, after having shot a Kaffir, he heard a
rustling below him, and, on looking down, perceived a
Kaffir on the low ground a few feet under him, in the
set of firing; Bredenkamp immediately reversed his gun,
which nearly toothed the Kaffir's head, and blew out his
brains. Another nun, named Reid, late a private in the
27th regiment, who is trumpeter to this force, was close
to a Kaffir, be snapped his gun at him, which mimed fire,
and he instantly closed with the Kaffir, striking him with
the butt-end of his gun, which broke the stock; Lieut. Briers
at the same instant shot the Kaffir with 'teener' " in the
head. Many Kaffir, must have been killed. The renewing
persons had narrow tyrants :—Mesers. H. L. Beeman and A.
I'. Cilliers had bells through their hats, just grazing their
heads. The remaining ten men eventually got oat WE the
bush, literally fighting their Ivey through the Kaffir*, leaving
their dead behind. Th-y went to the camp for a reinforce-
ment, and soon returned with 65 burghers and 27 flagon,
with whom they proceeded to the spot of the former conflict,
where they found the Kaffirs still strongly posted, but the
bodies of "their comrades were removed. A fierce conflict
again ensued, in which many Ksflirs were shot; 10, it is said,
were seen lying dead in one place, and 69 head of cattle.
and 10 horses recaptured. Amongst these eattles were 10
head belonging to Messrs. Fichat and Lowers, which must
have been taken the previous evening by the very Refire,
from whom the waggons belonging to those gentlemen were
re-captured by Messrs. Meurant and Rout. The same
evening Captain Neethling returned from the Zuisrberg, sod
instartly sent oil au exp-ess to Commandant Onkruydt, who
had that morning just returned to Riebeek. The gallant
and worthy commandant immediately upon receipt of this
dispatch (one o'clock Monday morning) got his men saddled
up, and proceeded to Niemand's kraal, where he arrived at
daylight. A large party went into the bush, but only saw
five Kaffir+, upon whom they fired. They, however, suc-
ceeded in finding all the bodies of the unfortunate men who
had fillen. Haushamer appears to have been taken alive ;
he had 22 assegais stabs in his back ; Hermanus Villiers'
leg was broken, and he had received seven' as-egui
wounds ; the bodies were undressed, and one man had a
finger cut off. apparently to get a ring ; another man, we
think Piet Villiers, had his right arm dreadfully burnt, a
fire having evidently been made under his arm." • • •
Informed that on Suudsy evening just before sunset, a
waggon belonging to Mr. Richard Simpson, on its way from
Fish River (Abraham Esnag's), to town, with furniture,
which had been hid away before that lager was burnt, was
attacked by Kaffirs about three-quarters of a mile on this
side Do Bruin's pied. It is must likely these were the
Kaffirs who had just been driven out of Hell Poort, aid were
on their way through De Bruin's at the time. The driver
was knocked down at the first volley, and Mr. R. Simpson
and another person escaped into the bush, seeing the driver,
as they imagined killed. The leader had his sent shat-
tered by a ball just ahoye the elbow-joint, and was nixed by
the Kaffir who had shot him, when the driver recovering
himself, ran to his assistance and felled the Kaffir with the
butt-end of his musket. One of the petty then seized the ,
leader and dragged him away into the hush. These three
were closely followed by:KatfirsZbutraanaged to secrete them- I
selves in the bush, where they remained all night, being
obliged to cut the throat of their dog, to prevent his bark.
kg, as they could hear the Kaffir* all round them during
the greater part of the night. Just before dawn they crept
along towards Nieinaud's Kraal, and on emerging from
the bush into the waggon road, they sew the Kaffirs on the
ridge on the look out for them. On reaching Onkruydt's
ramp, they were joined by Mr. Richard Simpson and his
companion, who had also been all night concealed in the
hush. The Kaffirs were seen to drive oft the waggon, which
they had turned round, back again towards De Bruin's.
The wounded man et rived in town last night in the same
waggon with the bodies of the Stellenbosch Burghers. Mr.
, Simpson was also wounded in the hand and lee with buck-
, shot. The party attacked consisted only of four Europeans,
Richard Simpson, John Kemp, Lewis Boshof, and Benja-
min King, and two Hottentots. Four Kaffirs were seen to
drop.
T:F.ROkT.—Received information frens Fort Beaufort,
that 1,400 sheep. belonging to Mr. B. Trollop, were taken
by Kaffirs from Fort Beaufort, also 30 or 40 cattle, the pro-
perty of the contractor, with a number of others belonging to
different people. A party was sent out the same day, and
recovered 900 sheep, and a Fingo received a severe assettani
wound in the back. On Sunday about 40 head of cattle and
400 sheep, were on their way from the Tarka to the
contractor at Fort Beaufort. in charge of six Hottentots.
These men were waylaid by Kaffirs, at • drift near Hermann's
Place, Blinkwater, who tired a volley amongst them, but
without effect. The Kaffir' afterwards surrounded them,
and, rushing on them with theireasseganis, killed four and
wcunded two. One of the wounded men was pursued for
some distance, but fired on his pursuer and killed him.
Another party was sent out in pursuit of the marauders on
Sunday. Fort Beaufort is represented at being in a defence-
less state. A timid of meal lately fetched M. 4s. 6.1. ou the
market.... At a late hour last night, the bodies of the five
Stellenbosch Burghers who were killed on Sunday, were
brought into town by Lieut. Skead. The expense of their
funeral will he defrayed by the public.
Their remains were borne this afternoon to their lad rest-
ing place, the Episcopal Churchyard, and were followed by
their respected Commandant, Mr. Onkruydt, and their com-
rades, and a very numerous throng of the townsmen, anxious
to pay all possible honour to the slain. The funeral procen.
sion consisted of at least 600 persons. _ _

TUESDAY, 6 p.m.—We hire intelligence from bead quar-
ter' to the 7th instant. The General was encamped on the
Buffalo mountains. On the .sth, Col. Somerset left head
quarters to co-operate with Col. Hare, in a movement on the
Kaffirs in the Amatola. Very little seems to have been done
by the troops. Col. Somerset was struck by a spent ball in
the leg, but only slightly hurt. Capt. Wright, of the Plot,
is said to have been beset by Kaffirs, and also to have received
a slight hurt. Col. Somerset was expected at Fort Peddie,
all the troop horses were to be sent there, being quite unfit
for service. The General, it is stated, was going into winter
quarters in Kreili's country. We have no time to add fur-
ther particulars. A diary containing some interesting par-
ticulars is subjoined :
Aro. 3.—Moved at 9 a.m. to.day to near Pierie missionary
station, and the Governor went to Beresford. Saw about GO
Kaffir men and about 200 women, trekkin; into the Buffalo
Poort. Umbels's sister arrived in camp at sunset, praying
I for peace, on the part of Umhala. Governor would not listen
to her, but hes desired Umhala to come in himself, he will
not treat with any women. This woman states that the
Fingoes residing among Kreili's tribe have revolted, attacked
the Kaffirs, killed one of Booko's sons, and wounded two
chiefs, besides killing a number of Kaffirs, and carried off a
great quantity of cattle. They hare gone to Moshesh's
country. She also states that the Amapondas ore lying on
the Bashee. Solana. a chief of the (hikes, killed ; he was
the most inveterate Kaffir towards the colony in Kaffirland.
Kaffirs burning the grass in all directions, to try and prevent
one cattle and horses getting any. Between 200 and 300
bodies of dead Kaffir, found at Block Drift, three huts, and
two large holes filled with them besides. Heard Col. !laze
firing all day in Keiskamma Hoek.
Ave L'ST -I.—Men employed in raising a redoubt for the
protection of the camp when we leave. Stokes, who was
superintending it, seeing the Kaffirs setting tire to the grass,
close to it, rode there, and was mibtalien by a sentry for a
Kaffir ; the sentry fired, and struck him in the back with
two loopers—slight wounds. We move to-morrow to the
Buffalo Post, to combine with Sir A. Stockeastrom and Col.
Hare. The force in the bush will be about 3,000 infantry
and 2,000 cavalry and burghers outside. It is said after this
is done the cavalry are to return to the Fish River, to recruit
their horses, and a strong infantry post established near
here till the beginning of October, when operations will be
resumed. Waggons obliged to return to Peddle. A large
farce of Kaffir' hanging about Line Drift; express arrived
to say so. Saw no Kaffir on the road. Captain Maclean
reports that Seyolo is investing Line Drift and Keiskamma
Moots to intercept convoys. Orders for march to-morrow
out.

8 P.n.—All packed up ready fer the march, and looking
towards a good brash, as the ginthrs are flocking towards the
Buffalo Poort, driven out by Colonel Hare.
(From the GraAans's Town Journal.)
MONDIT, AVG. 10.—Information up to yesterday has
also been received from Fort Beaufort, to the effect that the
Kaffirs were sweeping the country around the town of what
cattle and sheep had escaped their previous attacks. Many
hundreds of sheep had been taken, and a goad many cattle,
and considerable apprehensions were entertained of an ahso-
lute want of food. With all this it in stated that there is not
a man available for the active defence of the frontir between
Graham's Town and Beaufort, a distance of 46 miles; that,
in fact, the whole of that line is left open to the ravages of
the enemy. It is true that there are small pods at Leeuw
Fontein, at Botha's, at the Konap, and at Fort Brown ; but
these are utterly unable to fnmNb any effectual assistance in
punning the active Kaffir. At Oliphant's Bean also there
la a Burgher force of SO or 100 men, under Mr. M. Bowker,
hut for want either of forage or pasturage, their horses have
been long since useless; the men themselves a-e in want too
of many necessaries—the only duty they are able to perform
being to patrol on foot the country adjacent to their own
station.

---
No more forcible proof need be required of this absence of

ordinary precaution, than the fact that the 450 head of
slaughter cattle, belonging to the government co: gramme,
which we reported last week had been taken by the Kaffirs
on the way from Somerset, have been got serous the
boundary, though taken at a distance of 60 miles Crow it,
and though repeatedly seen as they were being driven amiss
the country.
The Sporting Club, whisk went off in pursuit of this rich
booty, state that they followed on the spoor as far as Botha's
Post on the Kat River, but with their small party, which
had dwindled down to 20 men, they did not consider it pru-
dent to cross the boundary. This party speak in high terms
of the kindness with which they were treated at the several
military posts on their route, none of which were able, how-
ever, to afford them the smallest personal assistance. It ap-
pears, so audacious were the marauders, that these cattle
pained on Saturday night on the eight above the Konap Post,
at so short a distance from it, that the dust raised by their
feet was distinctly seen by the sentry on duty at that station.
A drove of upwards of 100 h•ssd of cattle had also been taken
from a farmer in that immediate neighbourhood.
Information was also received, that a per-on on riding into
Graham'. town early this morning, was fired at just before
reaching it, two shots passing so dome to his head as to came
an effusion of blood from the nostrils. He is of opinion that
the shots must have been fired at not more than eight or ten
Paces distant, and that, had it not been for his horse stum-
bling at the moment, both would have taken effect.
Letters nontaining distressing information have also been
received front the N.B. boundary. The accounts before us
is to the following purport:—
Information has reached this post (Eiland's, Kat River
Settlement), of the death of Jabes Aldum (a young man
whose family are residents of Graham's-town), and several
others, killed by the Temboulmes.
SUNDAT, Aro. 9.—Yesterday afternoon about 3 o'clock,
the Kaffirs cleared away nearly ell the cattle belonging to
Port Beaufort. This morning, about twenty Dutch Burghers,
mounted, who were accidentally here, and as many Fingoes,
went in search of the cattle and men, but they returned in
the afternoon unsuccessful._ _ _

MONDAY, AUG. 10, 9 o'CLock, a.re.—l have just heard
that ensteeday the Kaffir* attacked en eerier( which was
bringing down 630 sheep and drove of cattle from the Win-
terberc for the contractors here. The attack was made near
the Blinkwater, and as I hear four of our men have been
killed and two wounded. The person who betught in this
information says, that when he left. a number of the Kat
River Hottentots stationed at Blinkwater Post were en-
gaged with the enemy. That on hearing the firing they
went out; and that while the surgeon was dressing the
wounded men, the firing was resumed, and had continued
during part of the night, but that the result was not known.
No information of importance has reached Graham's
Town from the scene of action in the Amatola. There are
various versions of the accounts given in our last, and which
have given rise to a good many rumours, many of which are
the mere offspring of the imagination. The only fact tee
need add to the account before the public is, that two of the
men of the 27th Risriment have been severely wounded in a
skirmish, and narrowly escaped falling into the hands of the
KaMrs. The latter were ultimately repulsed by detachments
of the 91st and 27th Regiments, with the loss, it is said, of
many of the enemy.
TUESDAY Arrzaieoow, 4 o'Cuoce. Communications
have just tome in, rid Mouth of the Fish River, front the
troops in Kaffirland, up to the Bth inst., at which date his
Excellency the Governor was at Pierie, an admirable posi-
Von, either for moving upon the Amato's, or upon the upper
spruits of the Buffalo. There had been a good deal of skir-
mishing with the Keffirs, but no general engagement, the
Kaffirs having retired from the Amatola upon the Kies-
kamma. The results do not appear to have been very im-
portant. The accounts mention 70 of the enemy as killed
by Cul. Hare's division, and d 7 by Sir A. Stockenstrom's,
while the loss on our aide is said not to amount to more
than 10 or 12 killed, chiefly coloured persons, and a few
wounded. The Governor was forming an entrenched camp at
Pierie, and there was talk of sending the cavalry horses to the
rear to recruit, and to defer any further offeneve oper►tions
till October next. One letter states that Colonel Somerset
was to fall bock with the horses into the ceded territory im-
mediately, and thnt his arrival might be expected at Fort
Peddie. It is said both Colonel Somerset and Captain
Wright, aides-de-camp to the Lieutenant-Governor, had been
struck with spent balls, but not injured.
A good many guns had been taken of the Kaffirs, and a
number of horses. Nothing, however, is said of cattle,
I though we have an account of four Hottentots going out
to capture some gnats, when three out of the four were killed
and brutally mutilated by the enemy. The horses were
without corn, and the ration of provisions to the troops was
half a pound of biscuit, and one pound and a half of meat
per day.

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'o7l.4ffalla tit buediag No. 44.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCT. 21, 1846. [3d.
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