The Express.
London, England, 1849-10-01 00:00:00

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OUTGOING NAILS.

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LONDON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1.

Wa did not make one word of comment upon that
magnificent philippic, which Munn addressed,
through our columns, to the rakes of Franco. That
indignant refutation of each a clogregated mw of
calumny is a document for history, almost too
salaam for the journalist to discuss. No cue, how-
ever, can pretend to form or ezress a judgment on
the affairs of Italy, without having read sad weighed
that defenor. And few, we think, en read it with-

out admitting the justice and the truth that forme the
foundation of its inicasismed eloquence.
We are far, however, from thinking the French so
premeditatedly base,as Signor MAzztri hie too many
grounds to assert. Coaceieed in haste, fur liberal se
well es illib ral, generous as well as selfish ends, the ex-
pedition was mei pit and, upon repnesstatioas made by
French diplomatists, so ignorant and erroneous, that it
was impoesible for any general to execute the orders
that bed been given him. To put down the rabble, set
aside the absolutists, and support the Roman ma-
derados, of which the Pups himself was considered
a worthy specimen such were the orders of
OUDINOT. And it was in searcher a moderate p.rty,
which disappeared at the first sound of foreign in-
terference, that Outwear marched upon Rome, die-
eembled, uttered untruths unworthy of a sicker,
and in desperation was driven to sots unworthy of a
goesencent or an army calling Wolf sane, much less
liberal. To excuse snob outrages and such foe limb
acts, the French government have been driven to
excuses and to falsehoods, that Signor MARTINI but
too forcibly exposer. And Set the feeling of ensure
upon the French is mingled with commiseration, for
they certainly intended better things, gni would
even now accomplish better things, were there mate-
rials or possibility for th. m.
Lot. is NAPOLEON'S letter was a eery frank and
generous expression of this sentiment. Nevertheless
emersion by the Pope of all that it demanded would
not necess,rily have attuned the boors sr the reforms
that were aimed at. First of all, the son-mention of
a representative system sectioned the Pope's doing
cmpletely without iti and without it, what is a
council of eats? Suppose the other demand granted—
of by functionaries—what waste prevent the cardinals
from re minting their valets to be ministers and plow-
man their lay-valete, unless there was a representative
assembly to Judge the worth deck appointments? As
to the to rm Sher,' govern me nt, that meaoenothinr. And
as to the Code Napoleon, that meanies little, if judges
that are reek wasters or are of the old ecclesiastical
iebool, are to be the appliers and interpreters of the
law. Had the Pope, indeed, or his council, been
prepared with any military force to apho!cl their de-
cision in Rome, the probability is that they would
have aecepted the French conditions, and es get rid
of the French army of occupation, in order to resume
their old habits of adesin*.ration on the morrow of
ti eir deperte:e.
One great mistake made by the French, and indeed
not by them alone, but by all Europe, was the taking
it for granttd th t Pius IX. was a liberal statesman.
For a supreme pontiff, no doubt he was liberal. He
was elected for his Italisnism. A native of the
Romegne, he was well unstinted with its sufferings,
and having cros ed the seas and travelled, the Pope
was a man that had shaken off the peculiarly narrow
ideas of his profession. But the liberality of
Pius IX. did not exceed that of M. OcizoT,
scarcely, indeed, that of Prince Mrergantest. He
was for reforming, but then it wee for reforming'
as JOSEPH 11. attempted it, by absolutist de-
crees and prrrprio wiotts. One would think that
he had studied politics in the Omar and MET-
TERNICH deepatches, for be had completely adopted
their ideas—that municipal institutions with a ooncl-
tathe senate constituted all that countries new to
freedom and young in development would bear. In
this view Pius IX. assembled his Chanties, or
trembly of notables, to give him advice and fill his '
coffers. Bat further than this Pius IX. of himself
never would have gone. And if be did advance
father, it was only besiege be was forced, first by the
events of Naples, then by those of France, and lastly
by the Lombard war and the efferessocce which it
crested. The Roman representative constitution of
Minh the 14. k, 1848, was but the remelt of the Paris
revolution of Febrear7. The Fnneh revolution
forced the Pope to give what the French counter
revolution sent its army to destroy. Rome end the
Pope have been, indeed, but the shuttlecocks of
French political play—the cruelty of which is, that
the city read population of Rome have been made the
innocent and suffering victims.
The French may be desirous to make emends.
Louts NAPOLEON feels his character and his claim to
permanent power too deeply implicated in the Roman
question, not to be desirous of an honourable solution.
°DILLON BARAD! himself he known to suffer
paroxysms of deep compunction at having his name
go down to history associated with the a iflieg of
Roman liberty, and the setting up anew of Papal
absolutism. But what is to be done P There are bat
two parties in Rome, that of the cardinals, to
which the Pope has rallied, that of the
people, which the French have crushed. The current
of public opinion runs so strong, that nothing inter-
mediate between them does or can rile. It is not the
extreme, the extravagant, or excitable nature, Roman
or Italian, that has caused this, bet events, and dire
e'en. of exasperation andexcitensent, mending none
of them from Rcme. The Austrian r.sLis LerabWy,
and the outburst it caused, the Neapolitan tyranny
in its dominions, with its to and fro of revolution and
reection—the rem:stance of M. Outzor in France
with the consequent sweeping away of minister and
dynatey,—these are the things that have complicated
the Roman question. It se the follies and short-
sightedness of ministers and despots that unsettled
all Europe, and now these blunderers affect to lay the
Warne upon nesbe and upon communism, excrescences
and phenomeaa, which the folly of absolutism gave
birth to.
There is no population mere amenable than the
Roman, if left to itself. It was perfectly contented
even with Pers's dose of liberalises, till Naples and
Paris, and Vienna disturbed it. There is no country
in Europe could furnish a better informed or sal
ducted representative assembly than the Rasa%
States. The Roman noblesse afford ample
materials for an tipper chamber. Because the
representative system failed in the universal
world-quake of 1848 is no resins foe not honestly
truing it in 1849. Nothing lees, at all events, will
content the Italians. If the monarchs insist on repu-
diating it, the people must only be excused for seek-
ir g later to try the experiment through the medium of
a repohle. And if the Pope declare his chair and his
tiara incompatible with repressetative institutions,
then all we can say is that the sooner we get rid of
their and tiara the better.
The Christian church in its original orgasisatiem
presert4 the first germ, the original idea of represen-
tative government. If the Pops !Anted abide tt, it is
*sly a proof that the Pepsis= es but an usurpation
of
the political power of the church, as it is a perver-
sion of its spiritual authority.

Tuts is "the long nation." At this Indolent sod
outol-town season the ermined robe of the judge is
Lid aide in a cupboard of the robing-room, sod the
grave law-giver himself is probably to be seen. in a
loose bathos gown, descending the steps of a
" machine " on the shame ikarboresgh sr Brighton.
" elf learned friend" is at the moors, banging away
at the grouse with as much ardour se be would di at
" the ether side" in the sittings after Hilary. There