The Express.
London, England, 1865-04-12 00:00:00

MIN BP.OODENI3 G OLD ALI32RT CHAIM

JOHN BROGDENS GOLD BROOCH CHAINS.

Eh, Owes's.

TO 00111111PONDJOITS.
edeuelleemesio leisedee ter " TM TeCTit'imigieerask. Nelda(
nem =ad be it Ow 01ble. 10. by Tire
Vie* ea %beep el yelOmeelea.

NA YMAIINNT.
On Mallor M•misi April 17, Mr. Sabers fa the sew sensation,
THI WOMAN 111 MAIIVIL Mr. BurAdamer Kra Mtrypine
Bonlak—WNA (by dell* UM/ DOMINANT M
AND DONS 101 Mr. Whom —And EASY SHAVING.

—humors.
Tam vamps,
_HZART4IIIIO3 AND FIDDLIATILINGII.
—ANNAN NA POODX. Nam. D. loactesnlALNlxtverhao.
IL Vandeobaff. D. Tiber. D. Ilium. atomsNlL D.
Boaciaualt aid Wm IL Otiver.—Aed AMPLE APOLOGY.

LYCKITIL
Oa Easter Meaday AprO T sad durum tie week. RIMPSON
AND 00. Mean. Basesj sad Bormasa Meworthy sad
Mrs. tiormaaa.—And T MOUNTSBANK. Mr. ledger sad
Master Pechter, Mr.Wlddioosab MI Leclereq, Mao. Beatrice.

ERITANNIL
Tali lemma, HISTRIONIC TABLEAUX. Illustrating the
cLest playa of Shakergeare and other oleadeal dramatists.—
Concert and other Entertainments Hearn. A. Lloyd, W.
Randall. Protestor Hilton, Signor Willa. Wes H. OrwwW. an

HIGH WAYS AT LONDON-BRIM.
Ts DAT Kona* th. 601A.....Altensoaa 60.
fo-bouoy Nan*" A. 375.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12.

OLD follies die with peculiar difficulty when they
attach themselves to the feelings. The practice of
duelling, as we havelately seen,survivesi in full vigour
in countries where the reign of prejudice is com-
monly supposed to have expired long since, and
among classes which boast incessantly of the pro-
gress of modern ideas. Nothing could be more
irrational than the late hostile meeting between
General CHAZAL, the Belgian Minister of War,
and the lion. M. Dussr, a Deputy of the Cham-
ber. M. Duane bad insinuated that the Govern-
ment bad resorted to a low manieuvre in order to
aid the Emperor of MEXICO, husband of King
LEOPOLD'S daughter, with troops from the
Belgian army, and General CHAZAL had replied
that only a mind capable of harbour-
ing such a suspicion could be guilty of the
practice imputed. It was a severe retort, but it
only left the two parties one leveL Each had sug-
gested that the other was capable of doing that
which both held in contempt. M. DaLsar, how-
ever, could not rest here, and failing to obtain in
Parliament any qualification of his opponent's
remark, sent him a challenge. It was accepted,
and the Minister and the Deputy met, and broke
the laws of their country by fighting with pistols.
General Cuusz, whodistinguished himself by his
bravery in the war of Belgian independence
thirty-five years ago, and whose eminent eervioes
to the State were acknowledged by an Act of the
Legislature fourteen years afterwards, felt himself
compelled to expose his valuable life to be taken
by a man against whom he had no animosity, and
whose only title to notice on this occasion was that
be had wronged him. M. Derstr fired first, and
struck his antagonist, though happily the wound
was only slight. The General also fired, but
missed his opponent. This result was held by M.
DxLawr to have prepared the way for what is
described as an "appropriate termination " of the
incident. When the surgeon had forbidden the
duellists to proceed any further, M. DELLET
approached General Cuszsz, and stated that in
opposing him in the Chamber he had in no
way been guided by a sentiment of personal
animosity, but simply by his parliamentary duty.
General Citszsz also thought it proper to declare
that he had never had any idea of casting doubts
upon his opponent's integrity, and that he esteemed
and respected him. The two adversaries then, we
are told, shook hands, and each was deeply moved.
This is all very pretty and sentimental, but it does
not redeem the duel from its original and funda-
mental absurdity. Why might not these very
proper words have been spoken before each of
the parties had placed the other's life and his own
liberty in danger ? What was the obstacle which
prevented the exchange of explanations, and which
only the process of firing pistols at twenty paces
could remove 4 Nothing but a false and perverted
sentiment of honour. It is of course honourable to
the antagonists that they made suitable explanations
even after the duel, but it would have been far
more honourable if they had done so before. As
it is, they both owe it to a happy accident, or,
better, to a merciful Providence, that they bad the
opportunity of making those explanations at aIL
The frequency with which recourse is had to this
barbarous mode of settling differences in communi-
ties which claim a foremost place in the march of
civilization reminds us that something more than
mere intellectual enlightenment is necessary to
secure the progress of the race. The decline or
extinction of the practice of duelling, where it
has taken place, is a triumph of principles and
ideas which are rather Christian than purely
philosophic or humane.

Tux South Staffordshire paddlers recently
locked out, refuse to go to work unless their
employers will consent to refer all disputes which
may in future arise between the two classes to
arbitration. This unexpected resolution, owning
immediately after a concession from the masters in
the withdrawal of the lock-out, does not produce
the impression that the men are beaten as well as
aggrieved. Arbitration is a good thing, in so far
as it is a means of getting the men to work,
and keeping them at it ; but refusal to go to
work in order to compel the institution of courts
of arbitration looks very much like ascri
ficing the end to the means. But apart from
this momentary obstructiveness, before we can
tell whether we are to expect much advantage to
society from the establishment of courts of ar-
bitration, we must ascertain with what views the
men regard them, for on that will depend the de-
gree of respect with which one party
at least will receive their decisions. If the
men look upon courts of arbitration as a
useful expedient by which labour and capital may
escape from temporary embroilment, and by which
their disputes may be lifted out of the heated
atmosphere of passion which always envelopes
them, we may hope much from the disposition
which they now so eagerly profess. Any other expe-
dient that might promise to accomplish this simple

LI
sussgA

this is

object would be equally valuable,
one nearest to band.
ea:42:r& Sow,
some speeches that have m•de on tb,..
ject, there is reason to f sente of the met-
how large • proportion we cannot tell—expect
from arbitration what it can never supply. The
word seems to suggest a tribunal proceeding so-
eording to some supposed natural equity, whereas
the means of • practical compromise is the most
that the proposed courts can furnish in cases such
as we are now considering. It is obvious, how-
ever, that if the men were animated by a prac-
tical spirit, these disputes would never arias. The
misfortune is—and we write it with somew—
hat they are only too ideal, and cannot be brought
to take that lower and materaliat view of their
case which is most conformable to the tr thu. They
demand • " fair day's wages for • fair day's work,"
and they hope to get it by theme courts of arbitra-
tion. But • bargain and sale will remain • bargain
and sale, and be determined by the ordinary camas
which bring about a balance of interests, after they
have been surrounded with the forma and phreas-
elegy of equity, just as before. In courts, as in
markets, commodities and services will always sell
for as little as the seller is willing to take, and as
much as the buyer is willing to give. Twenty
years ago our farmers were unitiql as one man to
demand • " fair price," to be established by • third
party, the State, for their corn. They have learned
by this time that there is no such thing as fair-
ness in matters of price ; that the buyer is neither
unfair when be gets possession of their harvest for
much less than whet it cost them to raise it, nor
liberal when they are rewarded by a handsome
profit. Our workmen have yet to learn, as • body,
the analogous truth which so nearly ooncerns them.
It is, however, true that the worth of labour is go-
verned by material facts, every one of which is
capable of being scheduled in a table of statistics.
It does not follow that considerations attaching to
the moral and spiritual nature of men should not
enter into and affect the relations of masters and
workmen, but it does remain true that only the ma-
terial facts which govern the rate of wages are
capable of being recognised in any decisions of
courts of arbitration which both parties are likely
to acknowledge. We still, however, hold that courts
of this character—or, indeed, any oonstituted body
occupying the position of a third party, and en-
abled to serve as a neutral point of junction to
angry opponents, whose reasoning faculties are for
the time more or less in abeyance—may render
invaluable service to both masters and men. Such a
body could not but make both parties familiar
with pertinent facts which they do not know, or
which they have not duly considered before, and
it is in the growing power of knowledge that we
trust to make an end of strikes.

trig froun.

IPRM
fl lett'

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY

ads Duculis.
:

On the none day, end at the moment' ken the Diet at
Fn•ldort wee deliberating on the question of the Duchies,
3.000 east of Austrian infantry, belonging to Bohemian mid
gemitaitt stemless, watt silently traversing Eienbuir
end going to take op their 'quarters at Allow- This an-
stestation of tone is regarded here as the first reply of
Amelia to the reiterated psovos•tions of Pratt. The
latter, it is true, is not behindhand ; her army—es is
announced to•d•y by ell ►be joneeds—will be raised to
25,000 men in the two Duchies. Half of that ane-
w= centiegent will be guttered amongst the lake-
bitante of Holstein, tat in Blestig the whole of the
contingett ordered there will be eo lodged. The Prussian
authorities have Jost celled upon the different looalllies
in Northers 81sewig, and, mom others, Habye, Beltabye,
Biberstetd. and Teti% t• prate» lodgings for Neared
thousand men. The troops about to arrive in these places
are drawn from the Rhenish provinces ; and Prassle,
rightly or wrongly, looks upon them as the beet, seeing
that they passer, as it is said, the Froth dash. What a
singular torn of eerie Austria is regarded now OS the
sole protectress of the Bleswig-Holetein indepeadenos
Kyoga's, extols the expellent discipline of her
army, the courtesy of the commanders, sad their
amicable relations with the population. All this
is strictly true. Up to this time the most humble
Austrian soldiers have given no cause for the
slightest complaint ; and the government pays liberally for
all the nesessaries provided for them. The Prussian wind-
nisteatioe sots eltogether in • contrary mow; and the
conduct of the soldiers, taken individually, is that of hire-
lings in the midst of a city taken by assault. At Alton•.
which is specially occupied by Austrian troops, the Prussians
still °teem a certain decorum ; bat at Kiel, which is con.
eidwed as a conquered country, the soldiery know
so bounds. Four days ago • sentinel, without
say reason whatever. fired upoa the psrers•by.
The day before yesterday a soldier, representing
hems!f to be drunk, drew his sword in the street, and
pointed the weapon even against one of his own officers.
There was a brawl yesterday at Tivoli about a standard
with German &owe, which some soldiers tore from the
window where it bad been hoisted. " The Prussians
avenge themselves tod►y for the heels we gave them in
1848 and 1862," said a mall Holstein journal yesterday.
No, the soldiers do not avenge themselves, writes smother :
they obey the word of command sent from Berlin. It is
desired, by provoking a popular effervesoeoce, to drive
Austria Into a corner, and see if, in case of a rising, she
would take sides with the insurgents against Prime.

(anTirs's Tuaniaus.)
RIII3I3LL

BERLIN, Aram 12.

Advices received here from St. Petersburg an-
nounce that the Council of the Empire, in its sit-
ting of Friday bat, approved the new press law
submitted to it for examination by the government.
According to this law it remains optional for the
editor of a newspaper to submit hit journal to the
' censorship before publication. After three warn-
ings any paper can be temporarily suspended by
the Minister of the Interior.

A vote of the Senate is required for the suppres-
sion of a newspaper.
The new law will probably be promulgated before
Easter.

TURKEY.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Amt. L

The Levant Herald asserts that Prince Couza has
contracted a loan for 1,500,000 liras, with the
Boc'et6 Generale, to pay the capitalisation of the
confiscated revenue of the Roumanian monasteries.

The samepaper says that s proposal is before the
Porte for the concession of all the mines in the
empire to a company, which offers to make a large
advance to the government in ready money.
The withdrawal of the base coinage is proceeding
regularly, the monthly minimum being 700,000
piastree.