The Express.
London, England, 1865-08-30 00:00:00

VaNitROGDKN'SGOLDBROOOIIOIIAINB.

LONDON must must have a GINTLICKANS
versa and music ROOII.—"EVANS." after Mired
Yaks's 00110ffia.

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HATMAIXIT.
TWA imam THHICZ MAILMIND. Mtn L. Maitland.—
IFILA AMOBLO. Mr. W. Meangoorry and Mr K. lodgers.
—And LIMA. Moms. MoiMar mid donna Mani d.
pAbertion. eavandnia. BMus. and Urn itarwead.

PRINCESS&
EVART4STAINGS AND WIDDLESTRINGS.
MAR 11"71100111. Years. D. Dosdaha, J. Brougham,
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So•Yessili mad I[WOilver.—Aad AIMS APOLOGY.

SZITANNIA.
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by Mr. Albert st oste.-8oso• tram MACBITIL MINA MIAs.
-Axil LA TRATIkTA. Kn. IL TartmAd.

MOH WATIZ AT LONDON-12MM
IDII DAT Doming, 191k.....ADAMODA. TA. ASIA.
Itoililialmni Macelag. lb. lAs.....AlimmAgh So- NA.

LONDON,. IrEDNESDAT. AUGUST 30.

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Tan journalists of Paris are drawing showing
conclusions from the stipulations of the Con-
vention of Gaatein and Salzburg. They see
in those provisions a defiance of the whole-
some principles of international right that
have been proclaimed by France and ap-
plauded by England, and which have produced the
happiest results in Italy, the only country of
Europe in which they have been applied ; and they
stigmatise them as marking a return to the brutal
system of the right of the stronger to dispose ab-
solutely of the weaker, which it was hoped our age
had outgrown. The justice of such observations
cannot be denied, but we suspect that M. DE
Bisa.tnex reads them with much equanimity, and
finds in them nothing which he had not fully an-
ticipated. That statesman has a mission to
fulfil in Europe which he is discharging perhaps
more effectively than he is aware of. He is
teaching the world the worthlessness of mere idle
sentimental opinion, by how many persons waver
it may be held. He is strong because be takes
junior estimate of the forces which move the world
than his contemporaries. He is not the man to
despise genuine effective public opinion, that power
to which really belongs all the might and majesty
which the thoughtless ascribe to its counterfeit.
The two are probably oftener confounded in
England than elsewhere. The Emperor of
the FRENCH had important political objects to
gain in Italy in the year 1859 ; he determined to
advance the frontiers of France and to supplant
Austria in the tutelage of Italy. He achieved
both aims, and he used the power be thus gained,
On the whole, generously and for the advantage of
the Italian people. England looked on approv-
ingly, while the several States and Provinces of
Italy, safe under the Emrenos's promise of non-
intervention, united themselves under Vito
EMMANUEL. During the eighteen months which
succeeded the pacification of Villafranca there can
be no doubt that the public opinion of this coun-
try rendered very valuable aid to Italy ; it MOOD-
raged the Italians to go forward in the face of
enormous difficulties, and we may fairly suppose
that it was an element in the calculations of Nsro-
LEON 111. At all events, as a matter of fact, the
liberal course which he pursued in Italy greatly en-
hanced his position in the estimation of the people
of this country. And it is not unreason►ble to
suppose that with his knowledge of our sensitive-
ness to all that is generous in public conduct he
should have foreseen this consequence. But there
are people who believed in 1859 and 1860, and
who believe still, that England, which never
moved a man or a gun for Italy, did as much for
her liberation as the power which won
the battles of Magenta and Solferino.
They say that Italy was freed by the
force of public opinion. One reason why the acts
of M. DE BISMARCK are marked with such decision
is, that his bead is clear of all rubbish of
this kind, and that he takes a correct view of
the working of public sentiment and its relation to
political action. He knows very well in what con-
dition the public opinion of the two great
nations of Western Europe has left unhappy Po-
land, and what concurrence of circumstances and
interests was necessary before that opinion could
be made available for the advantage of Italy.
The French journalists point out that if, as the
Convention of Salzburg seems to imply, the right of
the stronger is to be the standard by which a re-
distribution of European territory is to be regu-
lated, France may put in claims to a rectification
of her frontier, and that certain points on the Rhine
may be as desirable to her as Laeenburg or
Kiel to Prussia. This is true enough ; but the re-
mark is speculative rather than political. Consi-
derations of this order, we may be sure, presented
themselves to M. DE BISMARCK before his recent
resolution was taken. A year ago there were those
who professed to explain the unaccountable indif-
ference of the French EMPEROR to German aggres-
sion in Denmark by alleging that M. DE BISMARCK
and NseoLsort 111. were acting upon a settled
understanding, and that the compensations
which France was to receive for the intended
aggrandisement of Prussia were already arranged.
This hypothesis, which is not unnatural,
considered from the point of view of the Duke of
Annuorzeanuo, has hitherto received no con-
firmation from publicly known facts, and we must
look elsewhere for the causes of M. DE BISMARCK'S
extraordinary confidence in the ability of Prussia
to pursue a rapacious career with impunity. The
Prussian Premier knows that of the two Powers
which might be inclined either to oppose his
proceedings in the Duchies or to take advantage
of them to the injury of Prussia, both are bound
in fetters. Austria must sign conventions, trea-
ties, or whatever else he may prescrfbe, because
she is still unreconciled with Hungary, and. be.
cause an alliance between Prussi► and Italy is a
contingency against which she must be on her
guard. In ordinary circumstances France would
be a much more formidable observer of her ag-
gressive career, but at the present moment the
military power of Francs in Europe is nentralised.l
The EMPEROR, but lately so mighty that not al
cannon could be fired from the Sound to the Dar-
danelles without his leave, mist now see the new
law which he fancied ho had inaugurated in
Europe, and for which he has received so
much praise, trampled under the jack.
boots of Prussian generals. It was unnecessary
for the France to deny that the EMPEROR was pre-
paring a protest against the recent convention.
The EMPEROR was not likely to protest against the
inevitable. The public opinion of France con-