The Express.
London, England, 1851-11-05 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, 1851.

.
Mlle accounts of 11149, which Laves been sett toted to
boa 'hops the defilitive sops of this calculatioel. The de-
leit which it burdens on the Treasury exceeds net the quo-
Wiens of the Message of the 12th oft November last.
"The decree which shortens by two months the duration
.a the financial year bee been applied to the receipts and to
the expenditure of 18.30, so that souse how it is easy to weer-
tained the total. We are happy to be able to say that a
surplus will remain after meeting the propositions of the
committee of the budget and the administration.
" The budget of 1850, now preparing, and the different '
sults which it will present, will in a great measure depend
on the state of the revenue during the last month of the
year. Up to this day the collection of impost offers a satis-
factory result.
" Direct taxes are being paid nlh great promptness.
They present an improvement even on the favourable situa-
tion of last year. The indirect taxes suffer from the want of
confidence in the future.
"The indirect imposts feel the effect of the want of con-
fidence in the future, without, however, any diminution
upon the totality of the receipts anticipated by the budget
being as yet produced.
" The loss experienced under some branches of the
revenue, especially registration dues, is compensated by the
amount of the taxes on consumption—a circumstance which
establishes the welfare and employment of the most nume-
rous classes.
" The diminution of the produce of the Customs does
not disclose soy grievous symptom compensated fur, as far
as concerns colonial sugar, by the increase of the amount'
received :rom inditenous sugar, it may, in other respects,
be explained by the effects of the law of the 11th of January
last, which regulated the economic relations of Algeria and
France, and the benefits of which, as regards our African
possessions, will be increased by the recent institution of an
establishment of credit. Tnere is nothing in those antici-
pated results which is not contemnible with the general in-
terests of the country.
" The sustained progress of oar expectations in every class
has had the effect of balancing, in respect to our branches of
industry, the slackness of the home market. The high
figures which they have attained in late years, compared
with the amount of importations, accounts for the alit ience
of the precious metals into our country. This increase
of exports is so much the more secure for the future, inas-
much as it is founded on the progressive advance of civilises
tion.
" Upon the whole, the budget of 18.51 will afford results
almost in conformity with what was anticipated.
"The extraordinary public works executed in 18.50 and
in 18-51 involve an expense of 172,000,000 f. The deficits of
those two years are far from amounting to that sum, and
the expenditure for public works will only in part be a
charge upon the future.
Peace and order have especially the effect of ameliorating
the condition of the laborious classes, and this amelioration
is proved by the state of the deposits in the savings fund.'
The deposits of this kind have increased during 1850, and
during the six first months of 18-il with a rapidity not oh-
servable at any other period. But this state of things had
its dangers, and the Assembly, in conjunction with the go-
vernment, has endeavoured to prevent them, by placing,
thr nigh the law of the 30th of June last, the interests of
these justly popular institutions in accordance with the in.
tennis of the state.
" This law is now being put in execution, and the results
already ascertained indicate that its advantages are compre-
hended by the mass (so numerous and so deserving of in-
terest) of depositors.
" Another law conceded the Def b.OO of the mail packet
boats of the Mediterranean to private enterprise. It is
desirable that similar concessions should allow of the exten-
sion of our relations of commerce and intercourse with the
Transatlantic countries. The administration is occupied in
cinsidtration of the question of the means of bringing them
to a solution.

" The Minister of Finance, making, use of the authority
granted him, has negotiated the routes resulting from the
liquidation of the savin3s-banks.
" If regard he had to the eircumatancea under which the
operatlun has taken place, it cannot he denied that the ope-
ration has been conducted on advantageous terms.
" You will in this see a omit, that when political
anxieties shall cause a depression in the state of our finances,
it will be easy, if ycu so think fit, to have recourse to credit
on conditions favourable to the Treasury.
retitle Winton.
" The commercial, political, and military importance of
ra:lways becomes every day more evident. Amid the
general progress, not to advance would he to recede. This
the government has comprahended, and the reduction of
the credits has not prevented it from following up
with the greatest activity the completion of the works
upon the principal line from Paris to Strasbourg, and on
the broach from Metz to the Prussian frontier.
0 Four sections, forming together an extent of 210 kiln-
metres, will have been inaugurated in 1851, and in the first
six mouths of the coming year the entire eastern line may
be opened to the public.
" Upwards of 100 kilometres have been added respec-
tively to the lines from Paris to Bordeaux, and from Paris
to Lyons. The line from Tours to Nantes is finished.
"Upon the whole, the total kagth of the sections opened
for traffic in 1811 exceeds 500 kilometres, and the works on
the other sections are no far advanced as to permit of an addi-
tion to our network of railroads of 330 kilometre, in 1852.
A connecting line is recognised as necessary. fur the purpose
of uniting the points of departure of the peiucipal railroads
running out of the capital.
" You have appointed the 10th of November next for the
discussion of, as business of pre-sing importance, the two
bills relative to the railroad from Paris to the Mediterra-
nean. Public opinion continues to mark that out to you as
• work of the first necessity.
" The credits asaignal tor the completion and improve-
, meat of the highways are too restricted to allow those parts
of the country which on account of the difficulty presented
by the soil, have not been comprehended in the network of
railroads or canals, to have the advantage of more coo-
venient oommunicationa. In the budget of 1852, 1 ask you
fur the means of ameliorating this position, by putting ft in
j accordance with distributive astice.
" Interior navigation, that indispensable auxiliary of,
agriculture and commerce, together with the railroads, has
nut been negketed. Great results are already, or will at a
future time be attained, is spite of the insufficiency of the
sums of money.
"The lateral canal at the Garonne, already open for na-
vigation between Toulouse and Agin to an extent of 127
kilometres, will be carried forward a few months us far as
Man, 42 kilometres beyond Agen, and made to communicate
with the Wine. In a few more years, and with a few more
efforts, the gigantic works of Louis XIV. will have received,
to the glory of our time, its necessary completion.
" Tho last section of the canal from the Maine to the
Rhine will be susceptible of being opened for commerce in
1853.
"On the Seine, the want so much to be regretted in re-
spect to the navigable state of the river, even in its passage
through the capital, will shortly disappear.
" Between Rouen and llavre the maritime navigation has
received unhoped-for advantages from the execution of
the Digne works. A bill submitted to your consideration
has for its object to secure the continuance of thec fortu-
nate results.
" By the same bill the government proposes to you to
undertake at the mouths of the Rhone a system of works
analogous to those which have been attended on the Seine
with such complete success.
" Surveys are going on in the same spirit for the improve-
ment of the navigation of the Loire and Guienne.
"Among the civil edifices and natiocal palaces which
have been finished in the course of the present year, I may
mention the basins of Versailles and St. Cloud, the Library
of St. Genevieve, the Stamp-office, and the restoration of
the salons of the Louvre.
" A project of law relative to the completion of the
Louvre is now preparing, and will be immediately laid be-
fore vou.
kor a long time commerce has demanded freedom of
transport, with respect to land carriage ; and we made this
legitimate concession to public opiniou.
" Finally, the recent clauses which have given a new or-
ganisation to the staff of the school of the l'unts et Cha Wiese!,
have prepared for the application of laws relative to the
mode of recruiting engineers.
"AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE.
" The government has endeavoured to carry out the wish
expressed by the General Council of Arts, Manufactures,
and Commerce for the establishment of public competition,
so serviceable in improving our breed of domestic animals.
" To facilitate such, a request for a Special appropriation
et fonds has been introduced into the project for tho budget
of 18.52.
The administration has employed special persons to
study various questions of the greatest interest to agricul-
ture, and to publish documents on the cultivation of flax in
Belgium and Holland.
An inquiry made into the institutions of landed credit
will, by new documents, facilitate the study and the discus-
sion of the project of law on this subject, now submitted to
the deliberation of the Assembly.
" The results of the inquiry on the establishments for
agricultural colonisation in Holland, Switzerland, Belgium,
sod France, have been tublished.
" Special and detailed instructions have been addressed
to the prefects to facilitate the execution of the law of the
10th of March, 1851, which has organised the legal repre-
sentation of agricultural industry, and general cruncils
have bran called to carry out one of its meat important
provisions.
" Storms and hurricanes at many points of France have
ruined numerous families. To relieve them the government,
combining with the efforts of private charity, has, by a de-
cree of the 27th of August last, raised the measure of as-
sistance usually awarded in such coxes to 71 per cent.
" A oombination of events and circumstances, still fresh'
in the memory of all, had lowered the prices of provisions;
but the alteration in some countries of Europe, particularly
England, of the laws affecting corn, have opened new and
intensive markets o our agriculture. Since 1849 our ex-
ports have received en increase previously unknown.
«The publication of the statistical atlas of the heads of
banana in France is going on with activity, and will soon
show that our wealth in this article of property is not less
than that of the other nations of Europe,
" A decree of the 3rd of September, 1811, has recognised
the Chamber of Commerce, and by • ing them as
establishments of public utility has satisfied one et their fre-
quently-expressed wishes.
" Some create, much to be regretted, have occasioned un-
easiness with respect to the organisation of the Tontine
societies and agencies. A commission is about to revise
the statutes for the purpose of introducing all the improve-
meats and guarantees which belong to the nature of these

" The law of May 4, 1851, has settled the bases of con-
tracts of appreaticeship, to the advantage of industry sad
the families of the working classes. Its effect will be to
secure to the apprentice a legal guarantee of instruction
and morality, wthont infringing on the freedom of labour
and the rights of the family.
" A decree of the 17th of last May has determined the
exceptions to the law of the oth of September, 1848, which
limited the duration of faitory labour to 12 bouts. The
government trusts that It has justified the confidence placed
to A by the legislature.
" The advances made by certain employers to their
workmen have often rendered repayment impossible, by en-
gaging the workmen for an unlimited period (?). The law of
the 21st of last May, by orderinx authorised advances to
30fr., has reconciled the rights of both with the respect due
to contracts.
The project of law concerning manufacturing works, so
important to industry and commerce, has already been ex•
amined by the Council of State, and will goon be submitted
to the Assembly.
" The decree of the 21th December, 1850, has laid down
the basis for a new or:anis:dims of the sanitary service on
the sea coast. This organisation, which is simpler and more
in harmony with our general administrative rystem, has
been carried and put in practice in the course of the present

year.
" By an order, delegates from foreign powers, chosen
from the consular and medical corps, are now proposing at
Paris the scheme of nn uniform regulation for all the coun-
tries situated on the coast of the Mediterranean.
" The amount of our exports shows the activity given to
our manufactures, and the results obtained since the last
message shows how French industry, in the midst of diffi-
cult circumstances and incessant competition, has triemphed
over obstacles and extended its outlets.
" The superiority of certain branches of our industry has
been crnfirmed or recorded by the London Exhibition, as is
proved by the numerous prises awarded to our exhibitors.
In fact, France hos proportionably gained more than all the
other countries, including England herself. And it is not
only by our works of art, taste, and luxury that we have
obtained this success. Our machines, our scientific instru-
ments, our chemical products, our works in copper an%
hardware, as well as preparation of our raw material, and
our fabrics and dies, have earned for us an honourable dis-
tinction.
" The Universal Exposition will have added a glorious
page to the annals of French industry.
"The National Assembly, that legislation may be in har-
mony with this remarkable progress, has, since the 12th of
November, 1850, voted three important laws in favour of
commerce, industry, and navigation:
"The law of the lltb of January, 1851, which has settled
the commercial administration of Algeria.
" The law of the l•ith of June, 1851, which remodels the
tariff of sugars. Colonial produce has found in our mar-
kets a more advantageous outlet, without compromising
native industry.
The law of the 22nd of July last, for the encouragement

of the great fisheries.
" At the same time considerable improvements have been
introduced into our commercial regulations.
"The message of the 12th of November, 1950, announced
an inquiry into the state of our mercantile marine. This has
taken place; the documents are now before enlightened and
competent persons whose labours will produce some useful
reforms, and now, if the Assembly will adopt the proposi-
tion made in the hutivt of 1312, the coasting trade (cabotage)
will be relieved of part of it present hardens.

pteocrttanoutr
dsnarbtets
his been =ads in every department of the naval ser-
reonnedeverel point
essar of
accessary gtlhoeb°Progtvsesralw which
vice during the last 2.3 years, by certain difficulties
of application, or by the expediency of certain measures
of economy, have successively regulated. The service on
board vessels of the fleet ; the pay of officers and other per-
sons employed in the navy in various capacities ; the
fitting up of vessels of the fleet according to an in-
variable rule. Othe: internal arrangements have simplified
and centralised the naval accounts, and provided more
effectually still than formerly for the preservation of the
precious contents of our arsenals. Works of considerable
magnitude aro in progress of execution. The construction
of seasoning tanks in the ports of Cherbourg, nothefort,
and Toulon, for which the National Assembly has granted a
special credit of 938,000 f., is being carefully executed. Next
year will bring about the termination of these useful works
so long desired, and which will put an end to the losses
we yearly experience in our timber stores. The dredging
of the harbour of Toulon continues to be successfully carried
on, and already all the vessels of our evolutionary squadron
aro authored where formerly ships of inferior tonnage
could barely venture. At Cherbourg, Fort Sayan, Port
Vendres, and Marseilles, the works are proceeding with
equal activity, But these ameliorations, obtained at the cost
of so many eiforts,would remain sterile, and our naval power
would not occupy a position in the world worthy of France if
she had not the means, under all emergencies, of recruiting
men already broken to the hard profession of a seaman.
The most important of these is, as you know, the system
of discipline combined with the usual invalid fund.
All that could tend t 3 render this work of Colbert
, more fruitful has been under the serious consideration of
the Admiralty in the form of a bill. Already the last
law promullated on the premiums fur the sea fisheries
promise new and fruitful results. A bill relative to the
regulations of the coast fisheries—the first school of our
sailors—was submitted to the Assembly a few days before
its prorogation. This law will be a real benefit to the
coast population. The situatian of our colonies is more
satisfactory than last year; they all enjoy complete
ranquillity, which, indeed, since the emancipation, has
never experienced any serious disturbanac except in the
state of Guadeloupe. At the mine time that it strives
to inspire into our newly-enfranchised populations con-
fidence in their condition of freedom, and the love of
labour which must ever result from it, the government
combats and pursues with energy all attempts to propagate
mischievous doctrines.
" The distribution of the indemnity regulated by a decree
of November 24,1849,is now everywhere completed. A law of
the 30tho1July, WO, hastened the advantages arising from
this measure, by deciding that the certificates of liquidation
delivered to the respective claimants should be immediately
exchanged at the Treasury for coupons de mites. The in-
scriptions which have at present been delivered represent a
mass of about two millions of mites, that is to say, a third
of the total indemnity.
"The colonial banks, organised by the law of the 11th of
July last, are in a position to bring forth those fruits which
are expected of them. The internal administration of the
colonies, their legislative and financial constitution, eine,.
for a fresh organisation, in harmony with the principles
established by the Constitution. A bill, prepared to
meet this object, has been presented to the Assem-
bly; a body of regulations, embracing every department
of the financial administration of the colonies and their'
public accounts, is already prepared, and will be in a state to
fellow immediately the voting of the organic law.
Two other bills, one on immigration and the regulation
of labour in the colonies, and the other on the organisation
of the judicial system, have been prepared by the ministry
and the colonial commission. Lastly, our establishments on
the western coast of Africa are in a progressive state; their
situation demands, in the interest of that progress itself,
several measures which have recently been prepared and
proposed by a commission.
" FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

"We have reason to caa7atulate ourselves on the state
of our relations with foreign powers. From all sides we re-
ceive assurances of the desire they feel to see our difficulties
peaceably ended. On our aide, a loyal and sincere diplo-
macy allies itself to all measures which can contribute to
assure tranquillity and peace to Europe.
" The more this peace is prolonged, the more tightly arc
the bonds between the various nations drawn. Prince
Albert's vast and liberal idea has contributed to cement
their union. The English peaple have welcomed our
countrymen with a noble cordiality, and this competition
between the various industries of the world, instead of fo-

menting jealousies, has only served to heighten the natural
respect of the naCons.
" At Rome our situation remains the same, and the Holy
Father is unceasing in his demonstrations of solicitude for the
prosperity of France and the comfort of our soldiers. The
work of the organisation of the Roman government pro-
ceeds but slowly ; nevertheless, a council of state has been
established. The municipal and provisional councils arc
gradually organising themselves', and they will serve to form
• consults, whose duty it will be to take a share in the admi-
nistration of finances. Important legislative reforms follow
one after another, and great pains aro taken with the crea-
tion of an army which would promote the retreat of foreign
powers from the territories of the church.
"At Constantinople our active interference has, since a
twelvemonth, been commanded by the protection of religious
interests. It was necessary to conquer difficulties in the
Catholic, and among the other Christian communions, to
terminate the disputes respecting the investiture of the
Armenian bishops, mid to promote a transaction w ich will
terminate those deplorable quarrels, which but too often aro
provoked by the possession of the holy places. If all he
animated with one conciliatory spirit, those sad contests
are over for all time to come.

"Our terms with Spain are satisfactory, and give us cause 1
to hope for a speedy and definitive regulation of the dis-
pate respecting the frontier of the Pyrenees.
"We have eagerly seized the opportunity to furnish Spain '
with a proof of the sincerity of our relations, by joining
England in offering the cabinet of Madrid the assistance of
our naval forces to repulse the late audacious attack upon
Cuba. Besides, our midster at Washinlton has been in-
structed amicably. to support the reclamationof the court of
Madrid, and the justice of these reclamations has been most
loyally recognised by the federal goverment.
" Peace is restored between Germany and Denmark.
Schleswig has submitted to the authority of its king; the
Austrian occupation of Holstein has terminated the insurrec-
tion, and, the cause of the intervention of foreign troops
having thus ceased to exist, I trust that their stay will not
be prolonged.
" The resolutions of the cabinet of Copenhagen to deter-
mine the succession and to assure the integrity of the Danish
monarchy have obtained the approbation of the great powers
01 Europe. That which still awaits the official sanction is
now merely a question of detail.
" The dangers which a year ago threatened the peace of
Germany have been dispelled. the Germanic Confedera-
tion in its total has returned to the forms and the rules
which prevailed previous to ISIS. It attempts to protect
itself against new cons ulsions by application to an interior
reorganisation to which we ought to remain perfect stran-
gers. We had for a moment reason to fear that the Frank
fort Diet might be called upon to discuss a proposition
which vastly modified the very essence of the Germanic
Confederation, while it tended to expand its limits change
its destination and European role, and which would have
shaken the equilibrium which has been consecrated by the
general treaties. We thought it our duty to make our re-
presentations. England, too, protested. Luckily the wis-
dom of the German government has removed this chance of
a complication.'
" Switzerland has removed from its territories greater
part of the refugees who abused its hospitality. In support-
ing that measure we did a service to Switzerland and to its
contiguous States.
" Novel events which have transpired from the Plata
' coast have powerfully modified the situation of the States
which are engaged in the quarrel. These events compel us
to suspend the arrangements which we proposed to make
C for a pacification.
• " The systems of reciprocal extradition of criminals and
t of postal conventions extend gradually. Of this, various
proofs have been given to the Assembly by several conven-
., Lions which have been submitted to it. Other conventions
I will be submitted at a later period.
I " The conclusion of commercial treaties with Great Dri-
p tain, Tuscany, Belgium, Prussia, Denmark, and Sweden
s proves the solicitude of the government for the,development
D of our mercantile and marine relations.

" The Assembly had expressed a wish that the literary
contention with Sardinia and Portugal should be adopted
by the other states at their earliest convenience.
" Great Britain and Ilanover have already signed special
conventions, which reproduce the principal items of the
Sardinia and Portugal convention. On various other points,
' and especially in Spain negotiations aro still pending, and
likr l to lead to some good end.
"the reclamation which a large number of French mer-
chants and shipowners have to bring against the govern-
ment of the United States, in consequence of various
arbitrary seizures of the Californian Custom-house, are not
yet tither liquidated or paid ,but the American Congress
and the cabinet of Washington have formally recognised
their justice, and we shall soon obtain a legitimate satis-
faction.