The Express.
London, England, 1851-08-14 00:00:00

erorrOxi.

TO CORRESPON I IRNTS.
A Mad WINO ". n. Kop.mo. • womsweswe he mom emol.m..
Oemets..*lo pobil.tited awry Tondo sal End.ty imtbt, to time
INV at.
alhwiumweratolatemled
Smmerte •• The Exprook. Land m XMAS( P.rtr.
'late. U. .etreet. by Two o'clock t.,0
- •

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tao 11.,- •••,,..mr, '4•*....-....A4ertonn. Stat.
Spy. .uipw— Nor ugh 41. to& .-.....Altareama, :Su.

LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 11.

EVI.NTS, it is quite clear, are taking a serious turn
is the Plate. The termination of the former eon.
tent in that river kit, it will be recollected, Rosas
waster of both banks of its mouth; himself all
powerful in one, Buenos .kyres, of which he has so
long had paa-ssion ; and almost as powerful in the
other, Monte Vile°, by the success of his ally, (Mum.
Thus commaudiug the entrance of the Plaite, Itosas
became: the controller hi a ;peat extent of the destinies
of the upper provinces of the Argentine Confederation
and of Paraguay. The dispute into which he has so
rashly rushed with Brazil, in its reclamation on
I Suit:., and Monte Video for the protection of its own
subjects of the Rio Grande, threatens, however, to'
deprive hint of the advantages he had formerly
gained by the conclusion of the treaty with Eng-
land.
it is dill alt at this distance, and with the imper-
feet nitwits of forming an opinion which reach us, to
decide whether the movement of the other provinces
of what is popularly called the Argentine Con-
federation ugainst Itosas, preceded or followed
the withdrawal of the But niee.tyrean minister from
Rio de Janeiro, and the eleternunation of the Bra-
zilian govenmeatt to obtain redress from Omar., us
the ticfacto viler of the Oriental Republic. But this
is certain, that Cie pas;tin assumed be Brazil is pre-
cipitating and consolidating a domestic or Spanish-
American combination against ltipsam of a formidable
character. Fur 'private communications of authority
assure us that already the Argentine provinces of
Entre Woe and Corrientes have annulled, so
1* as they are concerned, the powers by which
RAMS extreised the controul of thew foreign affairs;
that these states have formed an alliance with Viva-
:sotto, the Preside tat of Paraguay, mid are earnestly
seeking support from, and "tiering their co operation
to, Brazil ; and that Brazil, failing to procure redress
from Oetee, wltten she has never recognised us Pre-
Indent of the Banda 1 •rit ntal, has resolved to advance
an army from the ltio Grande into that state with a
view to his expulsion, and that its fleet in the Plate,
under Admiral Get,:staa.i., has been ordered to co-
operate with this army. A crisis is, then, to all ap-
pearanee appruaching in the carets of Rosas ;
which it will require mon• than his ordinary goad
fortune to escape. A revolution seems to be run
rounding him on all sides.
On the other hand, it is remarked that Brazil, the
only powerful military state unfriendly to him,
is not, as yet, in hostilities against Itosas ; that
the Brazilian government has no desire to e in-
volved in tlw continuation forming against him; that
what it ilsillires is his abstinence from interposing
between it and its just demands on Ouine. and the
Banda on, nt:•I ; and that it will not submit to be
controlled in the exercise of even, if necessary, its
belligetent rights us an independent nation, by
the improper and factitious influence Boats has
aequired ni the (b.itattal State. It is quite,
then, within the power of Roses, if he have
the diseret ion and goad :tense, to yield on
these paints, and, by withdrawing his untenable
pretensions as Protector of °lune, to leave him.
ttelf from the junction of Brazil with his domes-
tic enemies in the Argentine Confederation. And
it is to this that British diplomacy ought to be
IVe can have no right to say that
!Inuit shall not pnweed, in enforcing %mist:it:Sun
for grad ontraa,os committesl on its subjects,
to uNt reinities against the got eminent which
rtjects it:, demands. But we have a right to
point tint to Ifosas bow it is in 1:0111SCIptilev of his
support that thew demands have been rejected how
by his support he is defeating the very end and üb-
jeTt id. land Possositv's treaty, viz. a Perfectly- in-
dependent state tin the northern mouth of
the Plate ; and how he intuit expect that
Brazil will throw all her weight into the
hostilities of littat•iza and Vivasono• against
him unless he take and wet on much inure illoth.rate
views or his own pOsitioll its Governor of the pro-
vine or Burma Ayres than lit hits rivently done.
At pre. 01 Busts is by his 'talky dragging Brazil
into these internecine and desperate quarrels or the
Spanish Anwriratt chiefs of the Plate. At a
tame when Brazil utterly rejects his inters
ferenee in the Banda Oriental, lw is endea-
vouring by his naanits and organs not inerely to,
excite tow extreme liheral party in the empire to
treasinutisk entries, but to 'oust• the slave population
to rebellion and insurrection : thus deinonstruting to
tow government and bulk of ilw 'aspic of that tin-
pin. how great umbwrious a danger to it and to theta
his pros' •ty, or the suprenuwv of his influence,
on its frontiers: I thus, Use. uffonling them not an
volute, but an ultimo irresistible notice in self-pro-
tection to make common cause against him in the
Plate.

With I Ira/Alan as.ist afire this oreolut ions ry
110invnklit ag.imst Ross"; wtutil ill al protraltility Is
assevesful; hilst %aloud Ilruiliun aid its success
is very doubtful. Fur the for.., that Entre ltios.
Corrientes. ;mil Paraguay can bring into the held
are. u. yit. romparatively small, whatever they
Slight hiionu• iu tlw course or a prolonged war. .%t
all events. if Brasil do take part in it, the
\Wilkie. will rise to the dignity of a war, from
whirl; neutral vommerte must inevitably
The ail% ie.., then. that Loral i'%I.MMISTIIN will now
dfc•r to - all him alotw the whole question
of peace or war depends - em in every respect most
imporiont to our trail.. Military interference we
must 11.,%e t 1111 l e; but moral protean: on Itos.is as
much as tlw Foreign-odic,• pleases.
Should. lioaever, hoiitilitioi he confined to Brazil

and the Banda Oriental. it is understood that inan;
bloci.aile by Admiral GRENVI 1.1. and the Brazilian
siptadron of Monte Video, every protection will be
given to British commerce by that officer and his
ships.
it will he seen, persists energetically- in lwr
ant 1%1: trade policy ; and, though her etforts are
unworthily depreciated in the royal speech which
prong; wil parliament. and the pretensions of France
and the Unit"! States foolishly exaggerated therein,
the inalalic; 01 our Foreign-office to properly esti-
mate the new course on wldvh the Imperial (loco-a-
mid has entered will nut Mute its caniestness.
its sner ess. sir. in the final estimation of history
detract from its merits and renown.

WE re.unie, from Monday's E.rpres,.. our review of
Iri Aurioilturul

1 •
flx pnigress of consolidation of farms throughout t
all puns of Ireland still continues. although, to use
the signitit-ant phrase of Captain I.xtecom, ^ with I
abated hare: The power of resistance is dimi-
nislusl : perhaps the re ales. haste of dispossession I
likewise begins to Hug. So many of the alien
entity " hate Nen eradicated. that there are no
longer dense masses of wronged and resentful serfs
to extirpate. To nuike the green island one math--
trimmed park, with no other inhabitants than the
hereditary owners, a new scattered shepherds,
and for tenantry, short horns and south-downs,
with a due proportion of genie—that were the
realisation of a landlordly dream of Paradise. And
towards diet hardly-to-be-hoped-for condition of:
bentitudc many of the rent-eating monopolists of the I
Celtic soil have diligently striven. Previous to ISt;
it was a work of some difficulty and even d roger
"to clear the land" by wholesale. The humbler the
weeds the wore tenacious their hold of the soil.
But when famine and pestilence had loosened their
rool,=. it became temptingly easy to pluck up the
occupants of whole valleys and hill-sides at once, '
load rotten bouts with them, and shove them of
from the western shore to take their chance of dying
on board, or going to the bottom, or peradventure
being thing out at the gate of Brother Jonathan's
garden.
The more heedless haste, however, in social
changes, the aura: speed sometimes. If consolida•
Bon had becuinv inevitable, it ought to have been
undertaken cautiously, carried on edually, and
conducted mereifully. There is a right and a wrong
way —a Christian-like and a heathenish war—of
doing almost everything. Putting wholly aside all

political views, tics, or claims, there was, more-
over, in the case of the small farmers whom
the exteminating possessors of landed property in
Ireland wished to get rid of, one plain and palpable
obligation of humanity which ought to have pleaded
fur their lives and the lives of their little ones, and,
I ought not to have been heard to plead in vain. it was
of this class—t* class of tenants ender twenty or
thirty acres, on whose anxiety to hold small postions
of land at any price, Mut the landlords listed I
in spendthrift splendour fur generation:. ft
was on the re-qsurer less tv c, s:ity of this
daily deteriorating clams that absenteeism
and prodigality fared sumptuously every day.
In the slave states. when the crop fails, or contagious
diseaseprostrates the human implements of landlords'
gain—the latter do not fling the former from than
in short-sighted and merciless haste. It is foreseen
not to be prudent so to do; for the sake of human
nature let us hope that feelings of remorse would not I
also be wholly destitute of potency in checking the
sudden decimation of the labOuring population. But I
in Ireland, under the benignant rule of a landlord
parliament, and a landlord administration, the history
of the last three years, us now revealed by the census,
the poor-law reports, and the tables of agricultural
statistics, is one of unparalleled misery, uncurled
cruelty, and unpardonable inefficiency of misery in
the multitude, of cruelty in their lordly exterminators,
and of inefficiency in those who are publicly respon-
sible fur allowing sockl tyranny to run 'Mt, to say
nothing of aiding and abetting it. practices. In-
stead of new statutes to facilitate and stimulate

indiscriminate eviction, instead of starvation schemes
fur the practical abnegation of poor relief, instead of
scornful neglect of adequate F4).A.e regulation's re-
specting the means of emigration, it was the obvious
duty of, government to have sought by every means
to *alleviate the sufferings connected with the rapid
and perilous change in the agricultural system of
Ireland, and to mitigate as far as possible the evils
of a transition precipitated by calamities alike
overwhelming and irresistible. But nothing of
this kind was done or pretended to be done.
The entire legislative and administrative policy of
the lust three years has been founded on the opposite
theory. It is now complete. Its " force," as Cap.
taiu Lam ou incaution-1y characterise•s it, is nearly
spent. Reaction is not unlikely soon to set in. Let
us observe how and why.
The decrease of agricultural holdings in 1417-8
was 71,137. The mania for dispossession still con-
tinuing, a further decrease was enforced in isis-a,
of no less than -16,011 ; and even after two

successive harvests of extirpation so abundant,
the gleanings in 1419-50 an: set down at 22,923.
The details of the lust-named sum may be succinctly
given. In holdings varying from WIC to fifteen acres
the decrease was 17,127; while in those above fifteen

acres the diminution was but 9,l J. As these toge-
ther make up more than the net result above men-
tioned, we look to another column for un explanation
oldie discrepancy. or is it diffieidt to find. Of
the con-acre and abject (littler holdings there
has manifestly been an increase. There were
3,337 holdings ninh r one erre more in I 840
than in Itil9; and what these holdings indi-
cate is very simply elucidated by the figures in the
tables Of produce, which show that an enormously
increased breadth of land was s.rwn in that year in
potatoes beyond what was so cultivated in Isl 9.
Captain I,sitcom appends the significant observation
that the increase in the cultivation of Potatoes has
been chiefly amongst the small holders.
The natural constspienm of the wild injustice
and infatuation of hired& consolidation and whole-
sale eviction is beginning to be felt. The class of
Eirmets capable of tilling fifty or an hundred-acre
farms is and must for a long time be limited in
Ireland, and the class with sufficient capital to un•
dertake the cultivation of 300 and 500 acre farms
nut hardly be said to have any existence. The com-
petition on which high rents were founded has been
bled almost to death. The exterminators have
begun to get alarmed. Pasture don't pay.
Now and then an English or Scotch farmer
ollcrs to look at the hind, but he finds it out of coa-
lition, without knees or steadings, and a long way
from gwal markets; lie mutters something that
soands half like the old potato rust ; landlordism feels
" utterly disgusted.- wonders where the poor fellows
are now that used one way or other to make up a
sum "that gentlemen could live upon," and thinks
of falling back upon c-on-acre once more.

FRANCE.

PARIS, WEDS CADA tvExiNn.

The greater part of the Ast auhly have already left
Pat is. M. Unpin has gone to his country-seat in the
Nievre, and .150 members have taken their passports.
In a few days it is thought that not more than 190
mill remain.

The Mountain manifesto has nut provoked very
much comment. The .Isaembh'r, indeed, ulways ex-
travagant. treats it as a glaring piovocation to civil
war. such as they would not have dared to have
issued daring the Nrliumentary sittings, and one
which almost imposes upon the Committee of Per-
m ounce the duty of convoking the Assembly imme-
diately. This is supremely ridiculous. There is not
a wool in the manifesto tending to excite agitation,
much has disturbance, between this and the meeting
of the ,Veseinlay on the !Ith of November. The
Mountain have everything to hair and nothing to
gain by the slightest 4niptoin of a resort to physical
force. Amordingle the whole scope of their police
is to keep the twille quiet till the elections of I PC.SI.
!They !where, (eat host :am to believe, that the re-
sult of a constitutional appeul to the hallia-box in
L4_' will he to give them the victory, and, however
they naght act hereafter, should the election go
agumst them, they have no present thought but to
stand the hazard of that die. Su long as their rally-
ing cry shall " Legality and constitution," it will
be in vain to deny the strength of their posi-
tioll. TRW, the evnlstitutiun is but paper ;
true, it is unpopular in the countly ; true,
it has been condemned by an i m mense 'whs.
mentary majority, but the constitution is the law.
Without it there is nu law in France. And it wadi
always be borne in mind that the very men who, in
the Assembly, have most loudly called fur the reel-
siun the constitution,—have most eloquently de-
scribed its defects, its vices, and its dangers,—have,
lin the Saint breath, and in still more energetic tunes,
declared that if it cannot be legally revised it must
above all things be respected. The entire sincerity
of this deelanition may be reasonably questioned,
and probably no party that could clearly sec a way
to the establishment of its own domination would
stand much upon legal scruples. Hut such is the
division, confusion, mid uncertaiwy, that prevail
among the multilariona enemies of the constitution,
that no section of them can resolve to take the
olfensive. Meanwhile, every party in turn falls
back upon it as a &halm against every other aurbi•
tion, and in this way the constitution has a factitious
strength. The Moogager—a royalist paper—says
to-day that legality is it eommon ground on which
they must however
meta parties the most opposed
to them, however little they mac like their
company. Protesting against the tone and
certain details, the .11fesospir sees nothing
to object to in the substance of the Mountain mani-
festo. and readily adopts the expression, " the law
pnslominating over all citizens." In fact, the mani-
festo discloses no feature in the policy of the Moun-
tain that was MA perfectly well known before, and
this is the reason why. it has produced no excitement.
As a composition. it is very inferior to the London
proclamations of ladrultollin and Mazzini, being ex-
ceedingly wordy and dull.
There is a suspension of hostilities, on one side
at least, between the Union and the Opini,m
Publiper. The latter declares that in the in-

terest' of the legitimist party it will not reply
to any further attacks. and that it will abstain
from publishing any more of the letters of adhesion
which it continues to receive. The schism. however.
is more and more confirmed. The sections of legiti- ,
mists that follow the banner of the Ophaito: Publique
is but a minority. but it comprises Larochejaquelin,
Leo de Laborde, Boulder (de Tlieluse), and the most
chivalrous and straightforward men of the party—
men who delight to speak out of the abundance of
their hearts, and who hate a Machinvelian
They know that the revision will not be legally
carried, and they think it a waste of their energies
to occupy themselves in the attempt. They see that
the re-election of Louis Napoleon, or of a socialist
president. would be equally inimical to their hopes;
and they think the only way of averting one or the
other of those dangers is to fix upon a candidate who
would at least leave the principle of legitimacy in