The Express.
London, England, 1848-10-12 00:00:00

Tat mama pert of the return' of agtheltarel pre-
tties is bawd in 1847 indicates that a=
&tangs is in progress in the oonstitation sad
of Irish society.
The ensue of 1841 gives 891,114 as the total num-
ber of Irish farms. The returns of 1847 give 730,009.
This Wm.s is, however, accompanied by a large
demise ia member of holdings varyiag from Ito
bear. in ostsaf. The amber at fume of this clue
is 1841 was 310,376; in 1847 it was only 139,041.
Mr.Laanow sshi an expleaatioa of these changes:
The Mil Ams la the smaller 'midis" sad the laorosto
la sea et the Laps dams sad is the total weber, us at
saw Crsd If To maim that MOM of the holdings of
1841 wire is Ishii seses, se ad than whit& approached to
the had Molt of sash el= amid sow rise late
the awe ahem tt, eel sway would mew late the lowest
clew chi* before were seder me sere—e ohm eshemely
mesa Les hem the tows holdings, booms, sad palms
which it feebnien"
bewithesie—for it is no mars—lea not
aslant wilisietorily for the redaction of the heltflags
ban ow to ire acres to leas than half *dr former
number : the aeosedous from the holdiage formerly
estimated as ander one acre must in mote mason'
campanulas for the lose of those formerly estimated as
five acres and ender. It is evident that Mr. LA10331
himself is not satisfied with it, for he observes, " how-
ever uncertain the extent to which the change has
gees in any oleos, there can be little doubt that
the number of larger holdings la on the whole

in—mita-Fa ii."
If the remelt of this Asap be to subdivide the non-
promisawy agricultural pegalatisa in kind into a
clew_
of were and a ain't hrassoomil alter the
anomalous paid.* of thew who she. al Ike aims
from an inadequate patch of had by tioikey Ohms I
foe wages, the experienced& 'tailor alteradenia UMW
land would induce one to augur good from the tillage.
Bat the transition stage must inevitably be allege if
privation to the poor, and craves humane sad semi-
dente management on the part of the upper dams.
1 The companion between the agricultural stock is
Ireland in 1841 sad 1847 instituted by Mr. LAZCOM
illustrates this consideration in a remarkable manner.
The returns of stock in 1847 compared with them
of 1841 show an increase in the numbers of been
cattle, and sheep ; a decrease in the nosheot
mess and mules, pigs, and poultry. Bat ea the
terms under we acre, or ranging boa min
In lee
sores, there is & decrease in every one of the dams of
stock we have mentioned ; and in the haus naglag
from five to fifteen acres of every one of them, except
uses, which have increased. There is an increase in
ill the chases of stock enumerated on farms of Mesa
kites and upwards, except sheep and pigs, and they
use have increased on all holdings exceeding thirty
acres.
• Fres these fob it would that the sketew
demos of the agricultural tion of beim& eel-
MvAbre he of 30 acres esa upwards. have es the
whole been improving of lathier', while the 'keine.
stansisalthoes cultivating/minor portilassfholhave
a the whole been retregeellmo The core has
obvieedy increased in papertien as
boom smaller. Pigs asi psollff us map=
the soak of the call hemars. Ills mumber of pigs
tea hems estareig Owe Inwood bII 107,687 be-
tween 1541 and 1847.; k deasuaeed on all the
Vfarms. But cm baker ranging from 15 to
ersa, the reduction was wily 82,026 ; on those
raftfrom 5 to 15, it was 260,881 ; on those from
it was 228,882 ; sod on those under an acre,
1118.1187. Ii poultry there has been an increase on
text:ings m o
csediscr 15 acres to the e.tsntldings of
r
1 1 while the homes mi the hof
I gaoler &amino bas sot been leis than 4,217499.
Wilds neraresslustbs“ is meribed 982,921 to the
fame venlig hem 6 to 18 sores ; 1,383,946 to
them vary from Ito 5; and 1,850,632 to those
under an we.
These returns show that the number of small hold-
ings bad decreased considerably in Ireland from 1841
to 1847, and that the stock possessed by the kaiak
of small holdings had decreased to a mach larger
anissat. On the one hand the diminution in the
wait of small holdings may account to a ordain
indeed for the diminution of stock upon them. This
1 =however, only to the holdings of Ave acres
an ; for tiler, is an increase in the number of
ledillop ranging from Ave to fifteen, thcArythere is
• dorms in the lumber of pip and
lbell. The paehatilitp, thinker, is that the re=
lien la the amides' of very mill Whops le ma-
aquae* milker them the mese of the beton ia the
, if desk poseeed
itaiethek asespantathe
ma &db. or
bike* by to and adgratism, the
'embodier." omen 1847 bee thinned the ranks of
' the esonyeale dewy small holdings.
* , The divides of like agricultural population into a
dared opitalists, deriving sa lassos hem its appli-
alma to the cohivation of had, smd a chas of Is,-
he relying for support at their wages alone,
ireald be- a hment to Ireland, were it =
le alkt. Agrifultural labour would thus
hello organised end more productive; thole wed&
be owe produce to divide between the
ma thsk workmen, and both would be
reasseriiimorm The change has already sew
Y the hone ekes; it is more
mod thuswho being to it occupy more s=
pomades skek. It is to their ineresaing prop*,
est we most la some airelnril look to draw thereto
dem ap after them hr the more ploy. owe I
Wooers they will; be disposed to d lie
pester the dorsi for labourers. the more will be
ts
kr their servile& And the bed way in whkb
asagra=the prosper*, el the Mew
is ly 'lliOw the tams.
WM pepety into the heads of thus
bare We to beet ft to aesend. An ealeadel
=lsift fikle et the asi he
f kito orates, the bres=
=49 mho* Of greater lothe am lir lie
at mortgages. peters ressop
Am ef all sztemeive wastes
them by poremat
'ildi a view le et on aeshode
Isms to hilieli are the only mesas
by whisk the kgidetwre ems promote the
et the labeememploying lout clam; the thatl=l4l
dam land Is foribelf. The universal istrodastila
of leases le impertent, but the esonsais ot the leases
ought to be Isl ha a peat essessee to be libleilli by
the varying relations of misty, the varkti of soil
ant climate la Moat Midst% The importaam of
emextenshe smd jwidermily replated todgratios on
be ammeithmeled, bat it mad always be hip
is that unigeoisa is mainly reetemmiable for
Wand as a ospodery 'bp to clear the bid Air the
simian woebeg of seek legieMen mad soh lath-
eihml aide as we have Item remsessamidieg.