The Express.
London, England, 1849-12-28 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, DECIMBER 28, 1849.

debted for awakening that attention to German Me-
ratan which has exercised so important an infinite°
over the national mind. These numerous literary
1
circles scattered through the kingdom have kept our
Uneaten popular, and have at the some Gen
dered it recur of the soil, and reserved it flora
monotony which clings to the litatidattiroesoloptft,
lands where one great capital -bow, OA
intellectual activity ol a itople.,
The character iespeesw by theinsenets at ons
such circle as we have ben allutuig Coe a provuicial
community would appear to be indelible. The lamp
of istelleetual tastes once lighted canon be =tin-
gained. Thelon for and parnitofhowledge infused
Ey the Anise and their friends into the public mind
of Wariest= survives sad bears fruit to the present
daiie have been reminded of this by a document
which will be found in another column of oar this
day's impression. It is the report of the Manna
Committee to the Council of the Borough of War-
riagton for the. year ending let November, 1849.
This paper pleasingly_ illustrates the interest which
the oornmenity of Warrington continue to take in
useful and agreeable knowledge both in their indivi-
dual and corporate capacities.
By the imposition of a museum rate of a halfpenny
la thipound, and by donations of books and specimens,
and atiriptiuus of money, the inhabitants of War-
rington have founded and are gradually completing a
valuable public museum and library. Both the museum
and library have been commenced on a comprehensive
and systematic plan. The collection of botanical spe-
cimens is alive& extremely rich: the mineralogy and
geedegy of the vicinity is idmirtitlf illitilifiten. 111. I
library contains, in a complete set of the publications
of the Record Cemmiesioners, the nucleus of an in-
structive collection in the department of national his-
tory, to which local antiquaries are indefatigable in
adding a museum of illustrations of local histoiy. The
fine arts are not neglected : the library contains a
valuable collection of books of standard music (this is
appropriate in a town to which Dr. BURNET admitted
his boyhood owed so much), and a collection of
engravings has been commenced.
It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the importance
of collections like these as instruments of real national I
education. Perhaps the healthiest aliment that can
be afforded to an ingenuous mind is to teen it loose ia ;
a plentifully stored and judiciously. selected library.
Frequent opportunities of seeing scientific ape chess
and works of art awaken the taste and judgment 1
which might otherwise lie dormant. The minds of
individuals are cultivated by taking an active part is
forming libraries and museums, and the honest pride
which a community take in such collections' when
made by themselves, impresses the young withs pro-
per estimate of the value and dignity of art and lite-
rature. Founding and maintaining such institutions
as the Warrington Museum and Library is the best
*elf-instruction a community can give themselves.
Tire impetus to the good work has been given at 1
Warrington by a few intelligent and accompltehed in-
dividuals, and by the sympathetic spirit which per-
vades the Town Council. Bat in justice to the gene-
ral public of Warrington, it must be observed
that they have roved most apt to avail them-
selves of the opportunity of instruction offered them.
" During the past twelve months," it is stated in the re-
port,' 7,73 l visitors have inscribed their names in the
book kept for that purpose, representing a portion
only of those who have actually visited the museum,
it being found at first impossible to enforce the regu-
lation in all cues Tee institution, as the winter
evenings lengthen, le beginning to be again fre-
quented by the public, who appear to take an interest
in its progress. About 4.50 books have been used in
the reading room during the twelve months, and 739
have been lent to subscribers."
Similar exertions are being made elsewhere as well
as at Warrington : it will afford us pleasure to give
publicity to their progress whenever our attention is
called to them, both in justice to the individuals and
communities who are so urefully and creditably be-
stirring themselves, and as a stimulus to other pieces
to go and do likewise.

Tux Liverpool Shipowners' Association have had a
second correspondence with the Board of Trade. In
the first they seemed not to be aware that we are not
the only nation without a navigation law, and that,
in fact, what with the free trade principles of some
maritime stater, and the " most favoured nation "
treaties, and old and recent concessions of ethers,
there would remain at the opening of the new year
with any restrictive navigation law against us but
France and Spain.
In their last letter of quer:est hey have lest sight of the
fact that the American Navigation Act is bis.d upon a
declaration of the principle of reciprocity, and that
in all shipping relations with foreign countries the
Americans have given the most libeial interpretation
to the principle, grant ng Ito, but in almost
every instance, wider freedom than was yielded to
themselves. Their Act of Navigation was passed
oa the 3rd of March, 1817, and de-
clared "that after the next 30th of September
no goods should be imported into the United States,
from any foreign part or place, except in vessels of
the United Slates. or in such foreign vein!, as truly
I and only belonged to the citizen* or subjects of that
couutry of which the goods were the growth, produce,
or manufacture, or from which such goods would be,
or most usually were shipped for transportation; but,
provided, nevertheless, that this regulation should not
extend to the vessels of any foreign nation which had
not adopted, and which should nut adopt a similar
regulation."
It is in accordance with this proviso that, after the
let of January, 1850, our ships are to be placed in
the parts of America, as to all imports and exports
on precisely the same footing as the national ships.
What vessels an to be considered as ships truly and
only belonging to the subjects of each country, is not in
reality determined by the American Navigation Act,
bat by the defiitition of nationality set up by each
eeuntry for itself. Our navigation ac s declare that
a British ship must be built in Great Britain
or her colonies, must be owned wholly by British sub-
jects resident in Great Britain, must have a British
register, must be commanded by a British barn sub-
ct, and manned by a crew consisting of three-fourths
BBritish seamen.
Without these conditions are one and all complied
with the ships are not treated in our own ports as
British ships. The Americans had no right to &flue
a British step in any other way. They have, there-
fore, hitherto taken our requirements for British
registry and acted upon them. Their description of
a British ship has been precisely in the words of our
own acts. 'hie now navigation law :jolters our de-
scription. Under it a vessel need not be of British
build to hays a British registry, ar d the re can be no
doubt that the United States will still adept our do fi-
nale!' of a British ship, feed not contrary to all prece-
dent, establish a definition different from ours. But
we are not left to mere guesses in the matter.
In the ...a...mhos of friendship, commerce, and naviga-
tion, b.tweeu the United States sad the tr. e Hanseatic r...
publics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hambuvr. it Is agreed that
any vcueis which shall be owned isle icily by a &este or
citizens of any or either of the said town 4. awl of which the
muter and arce-touttlmot ohs crew shall 413 be eit;s,ne, or
citizens of any or either of the caws of the easfedelation cil
teetwesy, such mewl, so owned at d navigated, shall for
ell
the purposes of this convents, nb • tsle‘u to wand considered
as a •414/Si belangtbg to Lubeck Bremen, and Hamburg.
This is precisely what, under the new act, will be
the description of a British ship. And, as under the
above treaty all Hanse-town owned ships, no matter
where built, have the privilege of the flee, we, having
in our treaties of trade and navigation with the
United States the meet favoured nation clause, should
after the Ist of January (were tho occasion to
arise) be in a position to demand the full privilege of
our flag in the ports of the United States for all Bri-
tish-owned ships, no matter where built, if commanded
by a British master and eavigetel by a crew three-
fourths of whom were British seamen.
The second query—" whether, after the let of Janu-
ary. citizens of the United States may purchase and
hold British-built ships, and whether their government
will grant registers to such ships if so purchased"—
oomes curiously enough from those who have 83 stoutly
maintained that ships can be tuilt ciiesper in the
United States and everywLere else ill the world than
in England. If, however, the fact should be, that
our ships, being the best built, are, in the tong run,
the cheapest, there can be no d nib*, that the Ameri-
cans, having to sail in open competitien with us, will
before long, fur their own advantage, admit to the
States register ships of British build, or whatever
oath. r build they may find it most profitable to put
to sea with.

FRANCE.
PARIS, WIDNIUIDAY, 6.30
A orisis is at band, by which the future relative
position* of gaijiideat and majority will be
'M. de deter-
„Fls croossis) will be the vote apesi
Paries'elriinsitory 'law resisting teaches is pri-
mary whoa& Wien M. de Moutslembert went to
the miens and sueseeded in persuading the Petal-
dos tbiltepuldle to withdraw the obnoxious me.
don, the law on education had been last presented to
the committee to which both projects have been re-
ferred. The esuaittee having in band these two
motions did not hesitate to reject that of M. de Pa-
rico, and determined to peons that M. de Fallonx's
education bill just received from the coun-
cil of state,. and amended, should be immedi-
ately diseased by the Chamber. M. de Montalem-
bert having obtained the withdrawal of M. de Ps-
riett's motion—all was supposed to be well—and every
one anticipated that the debate would immediately
commence on M. de Alines bill. It was then thee
intervened the circumstances of which I informed ye'
yesterday. The President withdrew his approval d
the abandonment of M. de Parien's motion! this new
phase of the question led to a meeting of the Club if
the Council of State, during which the matter wee
debated with great warmth. MM. Larochejacqs-
lin, Pidoux Vatisensil, Vesin, Combing de Leyvah-•
the legitimist', in fact, proposed unanimously to Te-
ject the provisional law of M. de Paris, by votisg
against its urgency, whilst, on the contrary, MN.
Faucher, Placatory, and other', thought it should be
adopted without
fwithout
o."a nniat in the coorudoert
rythatmrietru..
meowed and the fears of socialist propaganda &-
appear ; and also that the union of the majority
might not be endangered, M. de Montslembert fixed
the opposing elements by saying that the best thing
to be done was to vote against the urgency of M.de
Parien's motion: and the majority of the meetng
decided to act accordingly. The number of members
present was small, however, and it is probable that,
notwithstanding opposition, the ministry of Louis
Napoleon will carry its point. The law of
Fallonx will then be shelved, or its debate be rot-
pond to the Greek kalende, and the centralzing
law will remain in vigour for an indefinite period.
Whilst this is the serious position of the poltical
world here, rumours are being spread of some
more of those gigantic abuses in certain depart-
ments of the state, in which it is said that several
millions of money are involved.
Gross frauds have been discovered, I am told, in
the administration of the Paris hospitals, which are
not conducted on the same system here as in Lonion.
The frauds in question see to be traced many years
back, and are of old standing. This coming at the
moment when the subject of Napoleon's tomb, and
the money spent in its foundation far exceeding, as
does, the amounts voted, the money being spent, in
one knows how, causes much conversation, and must
lead to an inquiry.
The government will wait to present its project of
law on the mayors until the question of the primary
teachers is solved. The debates on the budget for
1850 cannot now come on till the middle of February,
when government will probably again require some
more money in advance. Long and weary is the ses-
sion that the chamber has to look forward to. It is
expected that before February government must have'
a fresh credit to pay the expenses at Rome, and the
budget may yet be still further postponed.
To-day the garde mobile was again the subject d
debate in the legislative assembly. All the &mead-
ments to the government bill had b. en referred back
to the committee. To-day M. Bedean, in its name,
came fore and to read a fresh report ; but he was pre-
vented from doing so by M. u'Rautpoul, who maid
that he had to propose certain modifications in his
original motion, and he begged, therefore, that the
debate should be adjourned. This of course,
worn
done in furtherance of that system which consists in
barking everything proceeding from parliamentary
initiation as it is called. Genera Leflo opp-sed the
adjournment, whilst M. Larobit supported it. M.
Clary remarked that as by the decree of the president
the garde mobile was declared to be dissolved atter
the 31st inst., it was necessary to come to an imme-
diate decisi in. The Assembly, however, post posed
the matter till Friday. Several other formalities hay-
ing been gone through, the debate was next rnga,ed
on M. Fouquier d'Hervael's proposal for increasing
the number of electoral districts ; the subject has
been wal nigh exhausted, as this is the third reading
of the bill. No new arguments were adduced, but tre
chief time was occupied in tearing a prracnal speech
from a member of the Muuntsin named Miot.
M. Rteger, chief of the Izech verity in the last
Austrian chamber, and who during the revolution at
Vienna retired to Prague with his colleagues, was
arrested at his dinner yesterday by two officii.ls of M.

Carher.
The news of the breaking out of the B•rvian revo-
lotion has caused much anxiety in political circles,
but was not known at the Bourse.
Our Paris despatches of yr sterday, owing to the
violent wind which prevailed during the night, have
not arrived.

THE FIRE IN LONDON WALL.—By a statement
just i•vued fr.m tte Committee of Fire-otfi .e• interested in
the wool deposited in the warehouse of Miser,. Gooch and
Cousens, which were burnt down in o,:tohi r last, it apoesrs
that the nett loss WAS 43,3181., ezcluvive of the buildings.
Thir.rthr.e portions were tinware& or only partially as-
sired, having wools to ,he value of 27,8481. The losses paid
by the Alliance Company amount to 9.82131; Lutdon,
7.9004. ; Rhyal Exchange, 7,7491. ; Atlu, 7,4731. ; Sun,
4,649 c. ; Imperial, 3.3001 ; Lvuol and Commercial, 1145; ;
Globs, 851. ; total, 70,3401. Tie salvage produced 27,3221.,
which will Ito in reduction of the above aims.
DEATH OF MR. TTTLER, THE HISTORIAN.—We
regret to announce the death, at Blalvern, on Monday
last, of Mr. Patrick Fraser Tytler, the well-known historian
of &attend. By Ws death a liter. ry pension reverts to the

MOWN.
MURDER OP THE COUNT OP ST. CTR.—The fol
lowing additional details of the murder .4 the young. Count
of St. Cyr, t y his private tu•nr, are given by a Lyons meal.
The murderer took a tvantcgo of a moment when his pupil
was writing at his desk to give him • blow on the back ot
the head wito a log of wood. The next moment he cut
his own throat with a razor. It sprars from the markups
the blood on the floor that he then went and carried back
the piece of wood to the /dace from which he had talun it
tle then entered a small adjoining room, and succeeded by
another stroke of the rawor in putting en end to his exist-
ence. The lad wes found nearly cold by the servant, who
came to tell hint that dinner was ready. Mme. de St. Cyr,
hearing the man utter a cry of horror, rushed in, end had
sufficient strength of mind to 'Mod to her unfortunate son
until medical aid arrived. Every care, however, was use.
less, as he only survived 28 holm.
DEATH FROM EXPOSURE TO COLD.—Ou Thursday
an it:quest was held by Mr. Delassuz, at Word, war Sind
wish, on the body of Clara Elizth, th [tampion, the wife of
• blockade man. The d. ceased left home on Wedneaday to
calk w Reensgate along the sea shore, and at half-past tour
o'clock in the afternoon started from thence to Sandwich,
and arrived there about six o'clock : after having purchased
a few articles to take home, she rut .4 from there immerli.
stay, but in consequence of the darkne-e of the evening,
after parting the first gate she lost her met and fell into a
stream, front which she managed to extricate hersclt,
and
walked a distance f neatly halt a mile, when it appears she
deopped from cold and tat sue. it beteg very vi lent from
the pesition of the body when fount tit ts e hid not aqui.
g'ed after the LIT The deceased wet ab. ut 48 years •f as ,
and bas left a family to lament the lose of a kiud and aff.e-
Senate mother. A great number of the coast guard men
from .he different ne el Inc the cot... testifio I the
v re
spcet by attending the funeral in fuel uniform, which took
place on Friday last. Verdict—" Died from tke inclemency
of the weather."
THE OcieFLEET SANDS.—In a recent number we
mentioned the neertaity that ezists fi.r an addi.ional light in
the Sala, to be situated centrally between the sunk light
and the mildie hetet. We are glad to know that a serious
effort is now being made to induce the Trinity beard to place
and maintain the required light. A subieription parchment
is now in Mr. Townsend's hands at rho Custom-house. to
which numerous signatures are alp ady appended; and we
trust every shipowner. merchant, and, in fact all concerned
in the navigation, will Ito- no tune in appending toes
nem. ato this document. It is pruposod that a stipown• r
should pay one-eighth of • penny for every vessel that either
passes, Means, or reoeives any benefit from this light. It is
necessary that this prelmsinary step should be taken, in
order that the Trinity corporation may have eatisfactory
evidence on which to decide.—Ipswich Exp us.
THE PROHIBITIONS ON TOBACCO AND SCOAR BEETS
IN lIIIILAND.—A mire' Sir Hercules li.binsou, In • letter
to the Stamford, advocating a art .in amount of protection,
states the following facts :—A nefflobour of mine eleareA, as
am Min, 3201. from lour scresof Vitro:co, when down came
the restriction, and no pipe has sites been filled with Irish
Virginia." I have been intormed also of the fu lo 4111 g
circumstance, and behave in it. accuracy :—A very respect-
able person of my own name in the mirth of Ireland Laving
mule a seccesatul experiment with beetroot sugar, built an
extensive MOW mill at the cost of some 8,0001., and mine
used for beet! sot at 801. per acre; the country old. was
accordingly covered with plants, the tanners rejeicine in the
new cultivation and the operaiions *boot to commence,
when sud ten, Ike a mildew, appeared .he prub.bition, to
their great discomfiture anti to the ruin of the • nterpti.!ng
prey. etor. Let us nave free trade, then, iu tobacco and iii
; beetroot, in melt and in whisky, and in those exciseabie era.
(21/11•T WZATINN RMLWLT.—The direemn of this own- elvs wrich press p‘culierly aricu..ure ; sot our oats as
psay have ask a &gall of 21, per share on their IX shares. free as yellow meal or Bettie wheat

GERMANY•
Oar eorrespondents from Berlin and Vienna write
as follows: VIBIGIA, Deo. 21.
Do not allow your confidence to be shaken in the
' important news which I sent you yesterday of the
outbreak of a rebellion in the Berrien and Slavonia°
military boundaries, and of the abolition of the
double cordon on the Turkish frontier, by the edam
of the Vienna press on the subject. That silent* is
des to the orders of General Weldon, who has sent
round to the editors of the several journals to give
them a hint to abstain for the present from making
easy reflection upon the remarkable letter which ap-
payed yesterday in the Reichs-Zeitung, and of which
I sent you a translation, and to wait unl
the government should be enabled to present the
petite, with faller explanations. Apart from the
knowledge of this far, which reaches me from the
best source, it would be otherwise impossible to ex-
plain tie circumstance of the letter in question not
having been reproduced or noticed by a single paper
Isere. The Ostdeutsche Post and Wonderer would
have been only too happy had it been permitted them
to have offered some comments upon the accusation
preferred against the Ruesian consul at Belgrade of
lamenting Servian discontent against the Woiwode-
'abaft of Prince Schwarzenberr. These organs of the
opposition would not have failed to exclaim, Such,
by your own confession, are the fruits of the Russian
alliance. You are the humble servants of a govern-
ment which intrigues to rob Austria of her provinces."
I hear that Jel • left suddenly last night for
A OT&M. oat ei 2tll Pot hike.re.o2ll to be
thought that there would be more chance of Jew.-
chic& resigning his Banship, it he could afford to do
without the pay attached to that offiee. Ile gets in
all only 1,6001. a year,half of which he receives as
Feldzeugmeister, and halt as Ban. A fortnight ago
the government nude him a present of 5,0001., to pay
off some of his most pressing debts. Although his
habits of expenditure can be pronounced extravagant
only in relation to his income, to live without getting
into debt seems impossible for him. Thus it is diffi-
cult for him to play an independent part under any

government.
There is to-day an announcement in the Wiener
Zeitung that the Presse will be allowed to re-appear,
but at BrUnin. But the paper is still forbidden within
the rayon of the state of siege of Vienna, The con-
clusion of this notification by General Welden is an
astounding menace. The Viennese public in general,
bat especially the former subscribers, are requested
to tale notice that if they subscribe to the Presse
during the state of siege they will subject themselves
to trial by court martial.
I beg particularly to call 7onr attention to a cir-
cumsta'.ce of the highest significance connected with
the telegraphic department. All the telegraphic
wires terminate in a central office which is
established at the palace ; and from thence
the despatches are forwarded to the minis-
terial offices. Thus the most important intelligence
is first received by the court, and then forwarded in
what shape the court pleases to the ministerial offices.
the ministers are deprived of direct communication :
they can transmit, but they cannot receive despaches
which do not first pass through the hands of the

court.
The court, yesterday, had one of their wild boar
and stag 'salines in the Thiergarten at Lainz. Al-
together they have despatcted, this season, 300 pigs
and 64 head of venison. The game is sold by auction.
Rows between students and officers are of frequent
occurrence. The manners of the officers, in entering
taverns and trailing their sabres are offensive in the
extreme to civilians, and the students who choose to
vent their disgust commonly sing the Fuohs-lied,
which is a deadly affront to the military. On each
occasions the latter retire and bring a sufficient body
of armed police to take the singers into custody.
Sometimes fierce attempts are made at rescue, and the
watch-house is attacked.
The severity of the weather in Transylvania has
exposed the cattle to unusual ravages by wolves and
bears, which are driven from their haunts in tae Car-
pathians down in formidable numbers into the inha-
bited region to seek their prey, and dine audaciously
on sheep and oxen, under the very nose of the bewil-
der ed hinds. den. Wohlgemuth, in order to check
this evil, has issued a proclamation offering four and a
half florins for every muzzle brought to the authori-
ties. Another circumstance which must have en-
, ciuraged th.se rough visitors to approach the haunts
of men is the disarmed state of the peasantry. Such
customers are only kept aloof during whiter by the
constant use of firearms. In Oallicia the same depre-
dations occur, wolves prowling up to the very walls
of towns.

Dec. 22.

I have just heard of a new feat of Walden's, which
is well worth telling. You know that there appeared
yesterday an announcement from that authority that
the Preece was to come out in Braun, with a brutal
menace to subject to court-martial any Vienna sub-
se:iber. Well: Zang, the editor, and all his working
staff. have decamped to the seat of their labours in
the Moravian city. But still a great deal of matter,
books, papers, and the like, had to be removed from
the office here. Hardly two hours ago General Wel-
den tent his p ople to clap the seal of the go-
vernment on all Zang's bureaus, closets, and port-
folios. All his papers have been seized.
This, apart from the unprovoked tyranny
and violet ce of such a proceeding entails upon the
persecuted editor endless trouble and expense, the
materials laid under embargo being indispensable in
the new office at Brenn. No object can be served by
such a proceeding but the gratification of personal
malice and revenge. It is needless to say that Welden
in all such cases acts merely on the order of the go-
vernment, and exercises no discretion of his own
whatever. "To hear is to obey," that is the answer
of the military governor to all commands of the
grand-vizier Schwarzenherg. The praise of Lord
Pelmertton in the Prase will never be forgiven. The
m4n who can admit such articles into his parer must
evidently be • conspirator. His papers mutt be over-
haultd. F:schot endured nine months imprisonment,
and nothing was found against him.
A telt graphic dispatch, announcing the resignation
of the Schlayer Ministry in Wirtemburg, has pro-
duced much sensation in political circles.
In Hungary the parsive resistance of the Magyars
@till goes on undiminished. No means is neglected to
show their silent scorn. The ladies wear bracelets
which are entirely compact of the little silver six-
kreuz. r pieces of Boasuta with a ducat of the same
coinage *et in the middle.
Jellachich, I see, is still here, blazing about in his
carriage with a Heyduk.

BERLIN, Dee. 24,
A telegraphic despatch is published in the National
which states that the Landtag in Wirtemburg was
dissolved on the 22nd of December; the elections for
the new house will be made according to the laws of
t e 14 Jule of the present year.
The Second Chamber chows some desire to join
with Prussia in its view of the German question;
at least it has decided on adopting as urgent a propo-
sition to that effect. Should the proposition itself be
carried we must expect to see there, too, a dissolution
e the chambers, for it is quite clear that the court of
Sax iny, if not the ministry, are influenced by an Aus-
trein bias.
The Landtag in Brunswick has been adjourned until
14ta January.
The continuance of martial-law in Baden is to re-
main four weeks longer.
A proposal in favour of Schleswig-Holstein has
been introduced into the :Second Chamber in Bavaria.
The remarks made by the Prince of Prussia respect-
ing the mild verdicts returned by the juries in politi-
cal cases, to which I alluded in a former lette•,
have been most unmercifully handled by one of the
democratic journals here, but which the ►bsurd arra-
g4nce displayed by his royal highness justly de-
em• d. The number of the paper containing the
article has been confiscated.
The rrince of Prussia is expected to arrive here
to-day.
No less than 88 provincial towns have sent in con-
gra' idatory addresses to Waldeck.

JEWS IM CALIFORNIA.—We learn from a private
lattat, that a requisition appeared is the St. Francisco paper
coueenieg the Jews. About thirty responded to the call,
and ill last New Tiara Day of the Jews, and on the Day of
Atonement, divine unless was performed in a tint, the
tae, rs Acing read bye young gi ntleman fro .o New York.
In this desire of perpetuating the institutions of religions
seer.- p in the " land of aold," all faiths appear to hare been
yually ze-lsits—tbe Episcopalian, the Crttollt, and the
Jew.—Jesoish Chrossitis.