The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-12 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 12, 1849.

THE HARVEST IN SCOTLAND.

begs& bis herrn is the AIM; nil rthe beaks ef the
Cones end the Peisry, la Few% Tak and nine whims.
the reapers are bard at week. Paten imam is edllebeertng
it-elf nice are
Ikon over the oertry, and will me doubt
stet prism at the sales of p.O crop. Hat apps
Musing el enemies failure lie not mem to be
entertain& • pennon whit hes travelled from
'LAMS to Inverness maws that en the Ist intent
he observed ban cat is Markle, county of Caltbn• es.
The won la that nasty will, however, be late, and barely
as avenge. In Setkerlsodshise the crops are remarkably
rood, and envies bu begun at 'Orkin, near (lois*.
Theses es to Inverness harvest operations may be said to be
is fell sedan,. la 80•81Z1 field/ WI& of reapers are at
sre:lt, the weather being lee and the crops uniformly u-
nlink The potato disetee has appeared in some localities
in Caithness and entlisrland ; but Nanny a failure is to be
*a along the line of the public road from Tan to Basely.
From B,anly to Inverness this blight is mom general. Tits
tur,.ip crop, all %Dewey from Centimes to Inverse's, is of
tot rate quality. This r mei eat prospect of winter keep
should Improve the petite of stock at on approaching northern
elarkets.—lnenesse Courier.

FAST LOTlMAN.—Harvest has now lagoon general
In Ewe Leteiaa sod other early districts in the country.
TN reports of the state olds. crops are is moat cases favour-
able. Appeastems and reports 'wide us to Waive that
there wilt be fay at avenge mop. TN fallow wheat is
Pods *MeV' at least a fertaight later then lest year. There
are aemplalats when yin wheat is mows that the wheat
Is hie balky Ilia& it lea few Lit eerie yearn, though the
Gan are semi and mead. Earley basset 1v eammerved
ham sad, he the Missal assoyease of the Ishisur,it is Ia
say awe esaidderahly la adman of atlas's" she. When
it has been eat it stab well, with a geed head, and is
above as average. W. beer many eompfaime, however,
the shortages et the mt., in Best Lothim. This may be as
counted toe from the lama Wag late ploughed, la eosin-
queues of the turnips not being eaten off in time by the
sheep, and the young braid of barley being tamed by the
mititintied drought end cold weather which prevailed is May
—Mushily* New..
Min LOTIIIAN.-13ii•S oar last we have experlimed es-
revel cheeses et weather, the extremes of wet, medium, ard
dry. Toe have.• has, however, progressed tavairabtr, and
the main part of the work has bees aorompladt..d, as least
so far as reaping is roam rued. Many maths In also ie be
sheaved is every &strict, well mewed antler "thick sad
rare,` and It is to be hoped that ao untoward weather will
impede oar onwaid progress. The wheats we mom abundant,
and mom general w their abundance, then we ever before
rem.loit to hew. Nen, and the barlejs and ante are anglrftly
behind them. It is trim we have seen a as 4,0 bulky cr.p,
but sever one pr. seising so abundant a return of
is
; ma
to the quality, we have no lear in assert Mg that it is entirely
free truss dimes*, end should dry weather now continue.
that thla )ear will be use of the mat productive we have
ever witameml. Tee hay harvest has bees wiempleted, even
oa beck er,rd districts, and proves to be a fall &wean amp,
in consequence et which the priees aro miserable, averaging
60a pa ton. The psalms an superlative, and steak of
every sort aro fast hastening to 'maturity. Tae turnip is
most vigorous, and we have not semi an instance of failure
in all the extensive districts we have lately traversed. The
potato is equal), healthy, sad a lager crop than we
ever before witnessed.

EAST SUFFOLK AGRICULTURAL ASSO-
CIATION.

On Thursday last aa Ater antimony of this asto-
elation took placer at Wickham-market. This essoctiatien,
Me latter years of whose life have witnessed agricultural
changes or vest impertenee, is still maintaining its hold upon
the sympathies of its meinhers—our esresing friends In the
eastern districts seaming to be thoroughly convinced Mit,
come what may, excellence in farming must always be of
p.raaount importance, and that unions like thus best se-
cure so essential an otjeet. The vasstagement of this society
has been all that could be desired. Its feuds ham been most
eppropriately applied. Worth amcmg the humbler clause
has been as much encouraged and rewarded am among the
higher. la fact, the infitsseee of this association has been
unmistakeably g We rejoice that it is still manifesting
-hp sips• of a vigorrus youth, and trust that Ito flourishing
erudition may truly repremat the aosiditioa Usury one of
its numerous mess n.
On Thursday the show of agricalcsnl implements wee un-
usually attractive. Messrs. Garrett, of Leiston, exhibited
their pert eble threshing machine. The following description
011ie principal features may be interesting. It eateries the
threshing machinery and Straw shaker without a check, with
a pressure of mum varyieg from 13 lbs. to 20 lts. per square
inch, u indicated by the mercury game attached. With a
tria.ng addition of fuel, to false the steam to 301bs. or 401 be
per inch, the pressure at which ordinary high.presaare
engines are worked, this engine will aoesatslbh fully doable
the amount of er• rk, or drive two sueh machines as are
attached to it. Every part of the lupins being fully propor-
tioned withthe strength of the motive p twee, the oonsump-
lion of fuel to work her is not more than 60 lbs. per hour, at
the maximum, whilst, as regards the quantity of wheat
threshed, the utility and great saving of steam power for
heavy fixed usiculteral purposes fa proved beyond a doubt.
Attacted to the areas was a newly patented threshing
machine commonly called • Walter, of which class ef is
plea-nts the Mes-n. Garrett were tie original inventors.'
Toe essential feature of the machine is that it is worked
without feed rollere, thus reduciag the friction of the ma-
chum, and consequently 'Attiring much less power to
drive it. In addition to the operation of threshing, it per-
it.TlDS that of eitting out the short ears and straws, and leavesl
the core in • fit slate for the dyes fag machine. It possesses
also en apparatus ft r shaking tho straws thoroughly, and
clearing away all the loose kerrels, leaf, and clover, much
more effectively than can be done by hand. The quantity of
wheat which the machine is eapahle of threshieg out per
diems seems nolimited, for the most expert as in eannot feed
it fut enough. Several other machines were exhibited, but
I ailed spun forbi .s a detail
The superior character of the stock, in all clams, elicited
the highest commendstions from the visitor.. The hen
stuck tor agricultural pupae. fully maintained the reputa-
tion which the county of Suffolk DU earned for this deacrip
lion of animals. Several well shaped end well-bred riding
house were in th. fi Id, but the &genera* number was not
fjllllllllllo. 01 bulls and cows of the pore Suffolk breed we
noticed many fiat special-as; and the show of sheep and
swiss wee quite equal to the average of former years.—
Ipswich Ecpr us.

Warr LOTIIILII.—We esteem hold eat any wry sheering
prospects of high prices to ear agricultural Mends. The
Mate of the crops in our own country, as well as on the son.
Meant and America, precludes all suck bops'. The only
things that will tend to improve prises U. the failure of the
potatoes and the destruction of the crops in the high dis-
tricts from a late harvest ; but even these cannot have the
mime idiot now as they once had before our ports were
threwa open to the world. We must th. rehire advise them
to mike tars most they ean of those crops with which they
have been blest, without the lent expectrinn of prices
befog higher than last year. Let, therefore, all farmers be-
stir dreemtWvet, and neither be frightened by
the ghastly
of foreign isnoortatien• nor eeduced by the promises
Tar immediate amposition of a ewe duty. Let every man
10.. k to himself; be active, diligent, and generous to his
soil; for there is nothing m ire grateful for a Madness shown
to it than the soil. He who farms in the hest style, aid
studies to have his ground in the best condition, will be far
mute able to bear up under adversity aid to profit by pros-
perity than the man who remains Lams with folded hands,
repining at the bad time., and horiag for hotter, and trust-
iest to legislators to improve hie Lir —EriersburyA News.
fietamacmatan.—lhere cannot be finer we. her than that
we have now enjoyed for nearly three weeks. Harvest work
is getting ow rapidly, at least so tar as re iptug G concerned.
Very little, however, burst been taken to the bern.yarJ, as
the weather has not been go favourable for winnswiog. On
Sabbath morning, between Ave and six o'clock, we were
visited with rather a severe storm of lightning, thunder,
and rain. fo• about two hours the rein ewe very heavy, and
the lightning dash-d bright.—Stirling Observer.
Plialtelllith.—Another week of excellent hared weather
brightens still farther this hopes of the sessun. The opera-
tion of reaping and cutting L a been somewhat retarded by
occasional showers and misty mornings; but, oa the whole,'
the weather has been auspicious. The last two days were
intensely hot ; from morning mists and cool dews the sun
emerged to shine with unclouded power sad splendour. Our
agricultural report speaks favourably of the crepe •• • whole,
and though the potato disease has made its appearance wet)
moral'', there is reason ts hope that the lose this year will
be nothing like what was experienced is former lateens.—
Perth Advertiser.

ATMMILIKS.—Harveit operations are as yet only partially
commenced, and there will be ao great activity tor a few
days. There is little winter wheat this least, and, in eon-
sequence, Oath &ft generally the first rips crop. We he /J.:
of a tew iLstanees in which oats were cat on the 20th, an el
barley a few days earlier, bat these were in very early sites-
. tions. Wheat gives promise of more than average produce
—indeed, we do not recollect such an equally good crop ei
it throughout the district ; bet the qua icy as sesrcely be
unusually flue. Oats are not of more then average nu.k,
perhaps nut even so atott, but they a ppear firm in the
straw, and are standing well--eacept wh- re very heavy, eat-
withstanding the (request tails of rain which we have e
periented of late. Bows, on the whole, are scarcely an
every's. Potatoes have generally a fair, oat nut by miry
means a luxuriant appearance. There is some reason Per
coagratalation, however, that the disease has as yet injured
them so little. It has not been so mild since 1845, the first
meson that it appeared distinctly, and eves that year there
was more injury done in a number of instances by the time
that the crop had artived at its present stage of growth.
The turnip crop has made great progress duce the Ist of
August, and • good yield may now be safely predicted. Hey
is undoubtedly a light crop. Pastures are good fur the season
of the year, and cows give more milk than they did at the
corresponding period of 1848 —Ayr Adoerlieer.
R3IBUYOHISKIRIL—The Kelso Chronicle, spesking of the
harvest in the neighbournood of Jedburgh, say., " Harvest
has commenced in this neighboarhood, and In a few days it
will be quite general, as a groat pen of the crops are ready
for the sickle. They pretest a most abundant appearance.
The potato crop stilt looks well. We have indeed heard
rumours of a failure in one or two places, but we crinnot say
they are autheutie." The same piper, speaking of the state
of matters in the Hetrick district, says, " The harvest is this
district i• now quite general, most of the seep being either
cut, or in the course el bring go. From all we can blare, it
it ie well got in, it will be fully above an average."
Balwiensittaa.—The cutting down of the grain crops is
ne now being vigorously prosecuted is this ighbourhood,
under favourable circutostanees, sad another week of similar
weather must see the greater part of the crop bundled into
aboalreo.—Bererkk Ai:vernier. _

Irsomentna.--Stsee Monday last we have had an am-
interrupted train of splendid weather and harvest is now
in full progress all over the west of ;Scotland. Monday.
Tuesday, and Wednesday were foggy la the morning, and
peculiarly hot and oppressive daring the day ; bat on
Thursday the wind cam from the north-east and the
temperathre was lower, which made op./veil:l ou the
karnet-ng the non tolerable sad agreeable. The air
Meats from the country ace all of a plains( kad.—Olas
yew Swett
liamraawamtaa.—The weather for some days his
slew, Miry, and unwholesome. Oacaslonally rain hes Oaks
van heavily, as during the martins and (cream of
V,;,rbest without materially cooling or snaring the atm-
Harvest operation make way over the lead, mad
seal patches of barley are being cut in this nelibbentiood.
We is. renewed to hear that on the shores of Holy Loch
the potato disease has suddenly appeared is a very emir
skiable form. Fields that eight des ago were ustouched
ere already rendered quite k Advertiser.
Dthastmeastas.—lo Nitkedale lest week, sad perhaps
OM the whole onaty, harest,cg operations were In r-
ented by two days of continued rain, which at ects sus-
pesded cutting and the gatharisg of stooks into packs sall-
fleetly hardened tor the bare and kid the elements ruled
illßrently. Oa Tuesday rain, in the form of Scotch
eau, W m brooded with lie interruption 'twist the light aid
the dirk, and although as Wedaseday the sky became clear
Mt the lib ay, rale returned as Timed& is augmatel
wehtme, frees Ste earliest hoer in the morsiig till to. latest
at sight rash however, the last day of August, nosed
it nags= dregs; sad amid the clouds, freed km elan
tiesi manilas, matinee tolerably settled throsghout Sep.
member, those who sowed in hope may yet reap he joy,
mightily to their own and the advantage of 441 whsle
euntry. Ia Mandan and the best cultivated pietism of
Mme Galloway, oats are cosadered a fair crop; is is Wu
we have often kaown them Mier in the straw, bat
NW* nen congest tad plump la plekles, or tit
*id hitter in mulling or threshing out is the bun Soar.
Ave Moan, where the Anon Unseen. in come,
the an nes generally are described es lanetent—a happy
itostrest to eseeparative Means somphtheed ef elsewhere—
ascribable shore or lees to the we an shanness with which
fa brought by the Caleillnala Balleray to the doors a
hill tad valley fienters, esA_epplied. within min, dike to
p faun sad antis W. WM esdienee to Iles Matt crop,
we have the heawlas nets Met Gekbesse: Peden have
mow Dees gemerally sic asubs la the geemsd, the
skews an ammiag the Misery appeasing of ripeness,
Mailed In nee lads with partial blight. Whet the tabors
have bees eased, the taint is them has shows itself to a
mall meat ; but the quantity of potatoes at the roots is
one extraordinary. Tiny are retailed at 3d. per stenn—
Denfries Courier.
Cones or Clowsze.—Shoald the weather prove favour-
able It will be mid-harvest Is the Cane this week. Oats ere
said to be generally light this seen ; hen, howeverim=
are likely to prove an average ern. Barley foam set
so wall for several years • the ear is long, and the gran
plump tad heavy. want is fully an average but
many beautiful fields of this pain have bees
damaged by the fly. Beane are bulky, sad premier better
than they did some time ago. Tundra en .anywhere
luxuriant. Paeans grate has hen rather ems. Was
the aftermath In fields where than were panty of toots is
good and abundant, yet la any plans it will menely steel
the scythe. We regret to state that the poke blight has
• made its appearance. It is late, wild, end
however, appearing only me yet is small Mass r=e4
auto, ad, as very few of the tubers an as resedeinadzsii.:
to be hoped tint the lots this year will be
Dwwiss Muria.
linesmen ttc.—it week of mallet males for dome
melt to edema the harvest, and we an glad to say that
bends of rupees tie eine at week la may barley and wheat
lads la this seighboarboad. Ia a taw days men lanes
will be general, and, with a eontisuanso of laveuehis wen.
%her, nUtserupted to the Men Met ask no the imps dig
and warm, but the nights (with the imeeptien of Mag.
whoa a Mee mist ling over tows sad ma try) have MS
so slur that each work has in all likslikeed bees dose
the light of the fall sad bright harvest moot. The geed
work of cutting and etookbeg seems to have ememeell
about the same time all over the country, as well as la.
Boseshirc We leers that at Canoes. an Donna Cin
morns barley was lunested, and his nos eat, by the Maii
of August. Captala Grant, of Conran, has led the way
in Strathspey, and was Mealy followed by the miller el
CroMdale and others. /dr. Frans, Wester Pint, bee

TO LORD JOHN RUSSELL

MY I.ollA—ln my last letter I pointed out to your
lordship the impropriety of having a civilian who
knows nothing aboat the navy placed ea a matter of
course at the head of the Adnuralty.
I shall now examine bow the board is appointed
when her Majesty selects a minister to form her admi-
nistration.

The country in general, being ignorant of these
matters, naturally supposes that he takes the Navy
List in his hand, and chooses the best end most ex-
perienced °Meer to carry an the business of the
navy, little supposing that he in not only limiud to
his own purl, but is limited t) those of his pary
having sews in parliament, for it seldom happens
that an oCloer is selected without reference to
politics.
Naval ufileers never look forward to seats at the
Board as a reward for distinguished services. They
know full well that they mutt get into parliament
before they have much chance of a seat at the Ad-
miralty. It is, therefore, more than probable that
the oMoen who compose the Board are not always
those most fit for the situation. lam not &Bailin<
to the presert gintlemen ; they are, I dare say, just
as good as their piedecessors, th-mgh hav:ng only one
Admiral there, they certainly do not carry the
weight they ought to do. I am quite aware, me
lord, as long as the Admiralty is a political mschine,
it must be so °outlawed. The Secretary of the
Treasury must have a certain number of officials (as
Mr. buncombe said) "to make a hoes', keep a
house, end cheer the minister :" but, my lord, they
are not always the fittest men to make a fleet, guide a
fleet, and rule the various branches of that oomph--
eau d service.

Mow is it possible that men who go down to the
house at 4 o'clock, sit there till after midnight, and
frequently attend committers in the daytime, can
find time to manage the navy as it ought to bi ? Ir
must be left to clerks, and experience has proved be-
yond a doubt that the system works badly.
The business of the army is carried on in a very
different manner; there is a Commander-in-Chief,
Adjutant and Quartermareer-General, and Military
Secretary; they have no House of Cummons to at-
tend to. their whole time is devoted to the military
service ; they have no jobbing to do for the minister,
hence the few complaints that ate mare against the
management of the army. Nevertheless, attempt'
have been made to get it out of the hands of a
Commander-in-Chief, and I well recollect when I
brought the formation of the Admiral,' before the
House of Common., a noble lord stated that thou-
sands of pounds and thousands of lives would be
saved if the army was differently governed; but I
trust the day is far distant when tie command of the
army is to be made a political machine.
May I ask you, my lord, if the navy had been ruled
as the army is, Whether we should have had such an
enormous list of officers whom the country cannot
employ, and who cost enormous sums of money? No
commander i. -chief would have dared to so burden
the list; and no minister would have permitted it to
be so burdened, unless, indeed, he shared largely in
the distribution of the patronage.
In war it is difficult to keep the lists down; bat
in peace they ought to be so reduced as to make
allowance for their necessary increase in war. I
think in 1830 a resolution was relied by the Board
that promotions should be restricted to one in the e,
and I believe Sir James Graham conformed tolerably
will to the rule, but it was soon forgotten. A re-
ference to the Navy List will show that on the Ist
of January, 1830, there were 851 captains, 905 com-
manders, 3.581 lieutenants; aid on the Ist of Oc-
tober, 1846, before the retirement took place, there
were 930 captains, 855 commanders, 2,538 lien-
tenante ; showing • reduc'ion of only 121 captain.,
50 commanders, 1,043 lieutenants, during which time
the removals by death and promotion were 471 cap
tains, 516 commandere, 1,893 lieutenants. Had the
promotion of one in three been adhered to, instead
of hoeing a list of 730 captains, 855 commanders,
2,538 lie iteranta, we should have had 537 cop-
tains, 641 commanders, 2,319 lieutenants. No
retired list would have been necessary, and the
country would have axed not only 30,0001. a year,
but the difference of pay between what the list was
in 1816 and what it would have been had faith been
kept with the public. I know it will be said that in
the one in three it was not intended to include service
and gem ral promotions. In that cue it would have
boas much better to have made no resolution at all,
for it only taught First Lords to consider the one in
three their private patronage; end, indeed, I have
bead one of the Lords of the Admiral'', announce as
much in the House of Commons. However, let
bygones be bygones ; there is no help for it now, but
for the future, if the country do not put on a cheek-
strir g. they have no right to complain.
I am not disposed to be too parsimonious of pro-
motion, fir I know, if justly dealt out, it is the
mainsprieg of action. I would, therefore, willingly
allow o e promotion for two removals oa the lists
of cii tains, commanders, and lieutenants, but that
should cover everything; and in a few years, when
we had some admirals of fifty years of age, I would
extend the same restriction to them. 'this would
soon put the lista on a wholesome footing; and
officers, instead of staying on them, as they now do,
some twenty yean after promotions would be con-
stantly employed, u the French officers are; the
knowledge of their profession would be kept up, and
a great saving to the public effected. And First
Lords, whoever they are, must be taught that the
promotions in the navy are intended for the public
good, and not to be exclusively bestowed on their
private and political friends.
All general promotions must be put a stop to, for
they are the overwhelming evil. In 1841, when the
tones had been so long oat of office, they made up
for lost time with a vengeance, and under pretence
of ureic -s on the coast of Syr:a and China no less
than 79 cerium', 147 commanders, 191 lieutenants
were added to the lista. In addition to this, after the
House of Commons had in the most liberal manner
voted 30,0001. for a retired list, which removed 180
captains, a general promotion took plan which
added to the lists 70 captains, 132 commanders, 130
lieutenants. This was done by the whigs, which
showed they were nearly as hungry after being out of
office five years as the tones were after their repose of
sixteen •, so that what between tory Admiralties and
wbig Admiralties, John Ball, poor honest beast, is
sure to be burdened, which he has hitherto been
with patience, bat if he stands it any longer, he has
his own self to blame, and has no right to grumble.
It is true the admirals' list is limited to 150, and
the captains' to 500; bat that won't do. An attempt
' was made last year to reduce the admirals to 100,
which failed, and I am glad it did, because had
it succeeded, the intention of the retired list (which
was to reduce the age of admirals) would have failed,
and the 30,0001. been thrown away. But I strongly
recommend your lordship not to stop at 500 captain.,
let them gradually be reduced much lower; and be
assured, my lord, if the government do not show •
positive determination to make reasonable reductions
of what is teeless, the country will do it for them.
They do not wish the efficiency of the navy destroyed ;
en the contrary, they wish to see it kept up ; they
doeft want to see their ships dismantled, and their
seamen turned 'drift, bat they wish to see economy
in promo'i in and in all the branches of the service.
On the commanders' list there are 857, and we
employ about 100. A great many of that rank are
unfit for service ; they should be put on a separate
list, and the country would know the member of
efficient eronmsnders that remained. No First Lord
will di this till he is forced to it. He has at present
the promotion
inefficientof one in
were n three
Would only have the promotion en the active list.
The acme should be done with the lieutenants.
Now that I am on patronage, it is as *ell to ob-
w:i. obligedon theto whole list;
wherewi if the he
serve that so far are the Admiralty from reducing
their patronage, they are every day grasping at more.
Formerly captains alone had the power of brieg-
ig
of which wentyoaeggentleen to into
the
Admiraltynr
theeeioe
,They have
~ areuonable
share
now eased upon the whole, allofilOg two.,to an ad-
miral and one to a captain on ilia commissioning a
ship ; and not satisfied with that, the captain is gene-
redly solicited by some rue of the Board to give up
hie vacancy ; the commanders have beed lately de-
prived of theirs, and nakas it is checksirthe captains
will ihue their fate.

The captain was formerly allowed to choose his
eletk, which is provided for on the printed instrue•
floes, aed for whom he is respocsible ; but the
AdMralty, eager for patronage, have upset the
instructions and seised upon that appointment. The
masters' assistants have long been in their grasp,
there Rile places being very convenient for the
Mumbling of navel boroughs.