The Express.
London, England, 1849-06-13 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 13, 1849.

Mr. URQUHART felt embarrassed with regard to his
asesadeont, by the tact that the bon. gentleman (Mr. Cob-
den) had union d the dimensi..ne of his woreal. and shade d
dowel his benefits, end that be had also signally felled io
showing by what miens hie objet might be Of cod. The
hon. member seemed completely in the dark, both as to the
goatees, of natio, a and the character of men.
Mr. HOBEIOUSE.said, he should give his most earnest
rapport t.r the m- tine of .he hon. member for the West
Riding. If the pr, pollon were impracticable at the pre-
sent moment, it was at all events a step in the right din chin,
and as such ought to be firmly pursued and earn/ally en.
couraged. Most rejoiced should he be to see the
scheme of the geed king [leafy of Francs caread out by the
esteblishm,nt of a toner. to of r ati 0.. to do right between
the betimes by jest and impartial athitrador, eanorciog that
orlitratioa, where necessary, by their eunbilied and resist.
Ima power. (Hero, howl
Viscount PALMERSTON begged to enure the boa.
member for the West Riding that, in opposing his noels-
'inn, he Intended no sort of diartowet tiwaral. himself, toe
wards the statements and views he had put 'orb, or towards
this of whom he use on this "'cession the mutt. He fully
agreed with the honourable gen 1 man in attaching
the greatest pose ble v ilea to taco, in entert doing
the greatest dislike, the utmost horror, for war
and ite acconsuoi vents. (Hear, bear.) But while
he thoroughly admitted the proposition that in Erglawl
there was a *event love of peace, an anxious and steady de-
nse to maintain it, and while he was foliy &dentin that this
fact should be well unieretood at home and abroad, he was
.t the same time anxious to guard martinet anything like en
impression here or , Isewhere, that the manly spit tof Eng-
land was dead within her—(hear, hear)—that Es elar d wee
w t ready, now u ever, to repel sogrowino, to repent bee
miss, to vindicate injury, to assert h.r ri_ht—(h.ne, heos)—.
he be conceived that t arising would be so Ilk. ly to im..ull
oar peace as the diffusion of an idea among foreign native,
that we had so ri ot,d an aversion to war tt at we would
'abseil to any indienits, to any injury, rather than resort to
re, (Hear, bear.) It was on this wireiple that he die.
seated from the condemnation passed by his honourable
*load on the supplies for military Jolene, wh:ch had been
seer d up by the present and the piece ing crovernment in
our arsenals. Ha agreed fully with those who ill, ugh' it •
toeless expenditure of pub'ie money to maintsin, during
peace, a number amts. fee ether our sea or our land erre
wee, beyond that limit which the actual orrice of the
catuatry demanded—(bear, Wool—but he could not agree
ai h his bon. trend in organ in* the rime tttttt role to these
warlike stores which soul I not his collected at short woice.an4
our want of which, if ogee kn.. n to foreign pow.u, might
in itself operate Man unit. meat, es a temptation to ogr, &-
don, and as as occasion of that war which ail in that house
alike desired to avert. (Hear.) The proposition i self of his
hon friend seemed to him in the existing condition of hu-
manity, altogether import' able. The hon. member for Lin-
coln sad it would be very desirable to establish a convect of
sovereigns, to set invariably on principle• of per'eet justice,
' awl wisd..m, and impart ialay, which should always give ridlat
end equitable el, eidons, mad which should have force to
' sem el acquiercenc• in its judgments. No doubt this wile a
'very desirable cos summation to stain; but, unfortu-
nately, the world had not yet come to the happy con-
ditios of hums, ity es twist to his 1 on. friend's views.
Indeed wore all these powers perfectly wise, just, impartial,
aid disinterested. obviously no necessity would arise for arbi.
elation et all. While nation., however, continued subject
to rivalries, to jeslusies, to confining interests, to too
Wick in them is taint ambilon, in holividuals
coo, Mastless, he very much doubt, d the efficacy of relying
upon arbitration. Torre was certainly a eau in which this
anew had submitted a nations, quiet' ,n to the arbitration
of a third parry, hut the re nit had not been particularly
favourable to the views of his hoe. friend. ileitis the
treaty of Ghent, the dispute as to the hounTaries of Maine
and New Brenswiek was ref. rod. after infinite preliminary
negotiations and coot P. to the Ring of the Netherlands,
who, after 'nu amid. ration. gave his award to what
purpose? Why, the United States, not finding the award
suit tint it norms as to the laws of reference, refuse I to en-
apt it, and the matter win placed in a were! audition than
before; ao much so, indeed, that the only thing which pre-
vented the arbitration from briaeino about a war between
the two toustries was the intense desire of both Befriend end
the United States to avoid a recourse to arms. (Hear, hear.
His boa. &iota wady steered clear of that, and p
Most a commissioner should be appointed. What be under:
stood to be the proposition of his hon. friend—and if he wee
in mar he was open to correction—was, that a treaty
should be entered into between the several nations by
whisk they engseed, in tee event of any differ. nee taking
gime between them, that each government rhoole 'Towne
elimmissioreers of its own to discuss the Bulled in dispute,
and thee each should join in appolatiog a third party, wbe
about I be a man of learning or science, and by whose arbi-
tration the qu,sti..n iu dispwes thoeld be s tiled. If,
as ha (Lewd Palmerston) thought was the we, it was
ohjentionable to commit the inliireeiS of a great nation to the
decision of • rival raw, r, his ohjsction tt submitting such
questions to arbitrati .n was vastly increased when it weapon-
posed to substitute for a recognised government some Ovate
and irresporsibls individual as the &Oilier, as the pursuit, of
private individuals did not usually qualify them for such a
task. His hon. friend had asserted, that under the
present systson the European goveranwnts did give to nego-
tiators those powers which he claimed foe arbitrators, and
that Lard Ashburton had been sent out to Muria', end
URI Castlereagh to Vienna, armed with pier ary powers. But
Lord Castlereagh acted also as Secretary of State; and when
he came home, and was called upon to defend his eonduct at
Vienna, which he did with the manly ',nerve tbst be pos-
sessed, he did so in the words of Caesar, "I was there—
what I did I did op my own responsibility." But his hon.
friend woe mistaken in one material feet, for it
wee not true that aa envoy had fail power to
bind his goverment to his arts or to .page for his thermion's
signature to a treaty. Quite the contrary. Every envoy
had his special instructions, and in so far to he egad up to
them his government WAS bound by his ant,. But the mow
matt be an imp sted his it structions, he was at the energy of
his government, which was at liberty to repudiate or to ape
prove of his acts ; and he begged to vended his hon. Mend
I that no treaty was valid until ratified by the severeint—s
form expressly invented to guard against the. indiserstion of
an envoy. His hon. friend bad mentioned several eases
of international arbitratioa, but they were not woes
in which mediation wee resorted to. The instances
cited by hie hon. friend were those of the dis-
pu'• between Great Britain and Russia respecting
the Vixen, the cue of the Oregon territ"ry, and the
dispute respecting the ship Caroline. The first was settled
by amicable mormponienes between the two governments.
The second was disposed of by the ordinary mesas of auto s.
don by envoys, and the case of the Caroline was one in
which his host. hiendts spscific would have hilted, for
the question was ore with a meal state, and not en. which
the government of the United States bad power to dispose
of. It was, be readily admitted, moat dssinble that in
NMI of international disputes some third uniaterested
party should be c illtd in to arbitrate between the contend
ing powers, inst. ad of their goirg to war. But the present
purities of governments was favourable to that mode
of sot ling disputes—berause, when such occurred the
novernments did not at once order out their fleet,
cad send their armies into the field, bet they
Mated their wrongs, and correnpoodimee, together with logo-
I lotions, ensued, which endured for a long time before the
Motile were in a position to proceed to actual honilitiei.
He himself had frequently been held up to ridicule, end he
Mow wat irked for, baving preferred the course of mediation
to warfare. But be had slways felt very easy under sash
reproaches—(bear)—Lecause, at all events, the course he
had talon showed the goo Itiri I of the British government
to cards the prevention of 'bloodshed. His hen. friend had
remarked,- with welt truth and justice, that althoeigh
it as true` blood was now beteg shed in Be
rip*, still itt was not spilt in internaei gal war•
f do, . save in an instanco whore an intervention
had takes plea. (Load cries of " lieu, hear".) The

greatest porting of the blood that had bees shed wee to
domestic' warfare. That fact deserved serious attention, fur
it w.s a proof of the advanced civilisation of Hum, as well
of the various guernmeets as of the mums; for hod the
events now taking Vase on the continent metered half a
oratory ego then would not have bun the variety of civil
wen, but all Europa would have been eisoilphed in • gee
rural international warfare of states leagued t either
against states. (Heat, hear.) For the reasons he had
dated, be could ant agree in the motion of his hoe.
'deed At the same time he should be so. rr to suet it in
a way to negative the principle on which it was founded.
(Hear.) He should, therefore, Lot propose a direct negative
t. the moti , though thit was the proper way of meeting it.
The previous question Lid not apply to the present case; me
vertheless he should adopt that c mesa, as it would susses'
his purpose, aid, in sitting down, he begged te move as an
amendment that the 13 .ser do put the yeti ins
(Hear, bear.)
Mr. M. GIBSON said that the noble lord in his elude,
remarks had shown much less hostility to the motion than in
the earlier parts at be speech he a manif steel. lie ears
(need to having Mt a title alarm when be heard the noble
lord (Lel re the proposal to be erroneeus in peisciels aid
impruicable, bat he was relieved when tee foreign 'sere's',
hal so acted as to remove the fears that he was hostile
to the principle of his honouree's frieed's motion.
The noble lord had not met the questkn. He had laboured
like a wee, 'logged vend. To what did his ar-
guments amount f Merely to the assertion of
what nebony denied. namely, that arbitration tad its
de sear Title Br would fighting do better. Vattel was
of opinion that arbi lotion was conformable to reason and
nature ; and though srhinston might err, it was better to
risk the es errors than trust to the chances of war. Fight-
ing settled no. Ling. Look at the last war with America
That arose out of the claim of England to take Beiiith seam
oat of American ships—and atter fighting, it terse agreed to
settle the dispute by the treaty of Ghent, wherein not use
word was mentioned of the original nut ject of dis-
pute which amnion( d the war. 8o that if the
question as to the rig) t et taking Breeds sailors
out of American shim Amain arum 1: might, for
ought that the treaty ot Ghent and, have to be fought over
again. It had been said that the awards of arbitrators
could not be enforoed when given, because there was no
binding power existing by which it could be made compel. ;
wry. The sun• might be a id of all international law and
all laterals ional treaties; and yet both were held good sae
observed. His noble friend objected to ;rc spective arbi-
tration, but if there was one merit more that another in the
preposition of his hon. friend, it was that it was prospective.
(Hear, hear) The great object he had in view was to sag-
gut the. arbitration should Cia adopted as a mode if aetilins,
national disputes by anticipation, before an angry corre-
spondence had taken place and the passions of contending
parties had been avowed so a particular ces—when they
s isle view the subject with a calm and di. pamionate
consideration, and were not embarrassed by any previous
angry dip'omatic negoestious (Hear, hear.) He Genf. seed
it appeared to him that his hon. frised's prorosal was any.
' thing but impracticable, for it was deeply asking the hones
to promulgate that general quill ion, which he certainly
was nut afraid to promel•ats, that the rthisioas
between nations ought to he based upon maxims of
of justice. (He,r, hear.) Then it that were so, and if
nations could 'Nerd to regulate their conduct to e mh other
upon those marina, he saw no objection that could be enter-
Weed for one moment against its system of arbitrati or
bat if, on the idler hand, it were the object of nations to
endertoks wars of agerendieenten. and conquest, whe h bad
nothing to do with right, rune or jades, then, belied,
he alt odd doubt whether it would be possible to gui s suck
rslsti .ns by the arbitration saggestee by his hoe. friend.
Prepares]. however, as he was to in detain that 1 pr per na-
tional poicy was totally apart from such views, and that the
happiness and strength o' the teatime was not erne aseil by
meisi schema of eouqe. st, le was not ereid, as an
Englehmate that any nations.' quid:on fa wheh this
country might be interested stout be tubmi tee to arbi
motors, who, he had no doubt, would seal: the question at
issue on principles of international law, founded tie maxims
of universal justice. (Hear) Bat this was the • itficolty ;
for his noble friend seemed to think that there might be
questions which were not to be settled by an appeal to jut
sea; and, if we looked hock to the wars which this emu try
had teeter:Aso, we might perhaps see some reason for such
an apprehension. Nothing, Indeed, could be. more humili-
ating tone than to think bow att. sly vain was all that long
war, entirele of our own se-king, with Trace',. Oei :ion
remained lid the same, and a I the efforts we had futile to
coerce opiniee proved windy futile. (Near, bear.) The
right hon. gentlemen at the head of the Board of Control
had esteem'. od the house not long Pince with a recites
of the heroin deeds of oar generals sad Udine in India. Let
the house heir a letter on the other aide of the qu e•i n,
written by en officer, dated" February, 1849, 0 1 Gil-
bert's camp:"
Up to this time net a single shot had been find from the village,
:=llthe troop had been up to within musket range de. It
0 all appearance empty. Suddenly. lust a the two guns bad
get ho the left of It, it seemed to spring Into lift. Front every wall and
lest. from thousands of loepholes, from the tops of the bowel/ and
teem den tta c ntre, volleys of musketry were poured tit the Ilse : it la
a wonder the two coeirmnl-c were not exadhilated, which they would
have be u had not the whole line advanced to Unknown. Fordyce's
her remaining guar went past our right at • gallop owl unlimbered,
and had scarcely tow to pour to one round of grape, • hen we were
past Ms wale. I looked at the village; it seemed titre, and our
men catching sight of the heads above the mils poured to a volley
and rushed on. The left wing of our regiment came on the village,
but fend there was a deep dish in front full of water. Refuse you
could say Jack Robinson, Ridge, Lobs, and No. 7 came round to our
Mae, and were over the walls in a second. There were upw ores of
3,000 men in this village; sails is soon as they saw our men on the
wads, they turned to run, but their cumbers stopped them, for the
streets were very narrow, and there were horse and fo it mixed lip
toember ; es our men had nothing to do but g t upon the walls
and shot them like awe. Jast then Boyd was struck by a round
aim. Intim inside of his leg. which made blm etch fur a moment. He,
however, was assisted on to the top of a how by Sergeant Long;
and be telh me he n rer way h eve imagined such a sight as he then
saw. Ihe enemy were to thousands trying to escape, and our men
knocking them over like dogs. 1 heir own gunk as roan as they saw
our men in the village, opened upon It, not waning to care much
about their DIM MOO& Floyd tells me there wea one vard which wee
fail of men, home and foot, and there was only • malt door for them
to get out of. vrtikh was blocked up by one of their men failing down
ht it. Our men got round the walls and kilted almost every mat in
it. • • • • The most heart-rending sight of the day was one I
witnessed In a tent I entered. Tune on the groued, bleeding to
eeeee, lay a young mother. Her leg bad been carried olf by a round
shot, and the lagged stump protruded Ina shortly manner through
Hui mangled d eh. She held a baby to her brew, and, ea she bent
eon it with maternal anxiety, all her thoughts seemed to be ot her
child. She appeared totally regardless of the agony she must have
been cuff ring, and to think of nothing but the poor infant, which was
drawing its nourishment from her failing breast.
Thom were some of the scenes which were wioessed as
those fields of glory, but which were never menet ned
when they were celled upon to vote thanks to the died'.
guished geared' end ',Seen engegel—against whom he
brought no charge, because they only performed their duty,
though he arraigned the system which made it necessary to
!Dille! Jo those tarrble transit:time. (Hear.) He w old
roc .nassend two things to be done with the view of lest- ning
the inducement. to wee. In the find place, hewoubt ab .lie
the spores of privateering—a system which, whilst is had
tended to =eke war po oder amongst many parties in this
country, was nothing lies that piracy of the v. ry worst de •
criptien. (Hear.) It was a system of ibe geese st robbery in
gangs ; and he dee/area his c macientious belief that no de.
scripe rte of roebeey for which we executed a mm upon the
public gallows exceeded in atrocity that system of privateer.
tog. Again, he would abelish the system of prig -mo ey
(hear)—f. rhe believed that that also was a kraut induce-
ment to war. (Hear, hear.) It there had existed a better
understanding in the world or dm true principles which
ought to regulate the conduct of nations to each ether, we
aheuld net have witneesel the recent expeditien of France to
It. m,—an expedition with which he was elect to hear from
his noble friend the government of this country had no "'m-
eads,. (Hear, hear.) We had been suspected of having
given woe sanction, direct or indirect, through ear govern-
meet to that ezudition—staturally so, from tho persevering
calumnies which have been east upon M. Mazsint and the
Reuse triumvirate by tome portion of the public press ; and
he ]Mend rejoiced te hear the dishnet denial front
his noble of any participation in that affair. /I • had
read those calumnies against the de facto government of
Rome, which he ropected, with indignant n, knowing
many of the statements to be utterly without fade
datiote (Hear, bear.) The right boa. gentleman eon-
chided by tanking the house for the patience with which
they had listeued to what he must admit had been a some-
weatdiscuraise speech. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. ROEBUCK. The bon, member for Manchester
comaenced his speech by saying that he was exceedingly
awry the noble lord oppoette had moved the previous ques-
tioners the proposition of the hon. member opposite ; i am
sorry also that the noble lord had so concluded his speech,
but the hoe. member for Mouthed,' mut permit me to say,
that if he was sorry at the conclusion of the noble lord's
speeds, I was exarediagly grieved to hear the speech et the
hon. gentleman from the bovine*. There was nothing la
that speech that in say way whatever sasisted the great prin-
ciple of my hon. Mend opposite; there was a undlnese, a
laden/se, in the whole view which the hon.
member f r Manchester took which was not in
accordance with the large end general philanthropy wheel'
has given rose to the proposition of the hon. member for the
West Riding. Amongst the many epeecbes to which I have
lietesed liament—l may it witeout the least desire to
flatter the noble lord—to none have I listened with such
unmixed pleuure as do the speech of the noble lord him.
calf. I do not approve of the honourable member for
Blanchester giving us an exhibition as he would have done
is Rawer hall of the dangers and horrors of war, pointing
oat how a woman suffered, red how a child at her breast
suffered misery. Why, sir, we all acknowledre the misery I
of war. The hon. 'umber for the West Riding
says there are many difilcuhies, many disputes that ,
arts between nations. Now let us, standing on the
very vanguard of civilised nations, riy to the rest el
leaden I, we are willing to forego all the advantages
which our gnat strength gives us; we are willies
to forego all the greet and necessary superiorief
which our power and skill confer upon us ; we, who of all j
the nations on the earth, in the present state of the. know-
ledge ot manit:ne, may be considered to be mat free from
assault, with all our strength and power, are the first to
forego all these advsetapes, and to ask mankind to ee•tle by
an appeal to reason and to entirely disinterested putts say
question that may aria between us and other nations. That
is the sole prorsition of my hon. friend. And
that is met by the noble lora. He sap, " I feel the streegth
Slow proposition. I acknowledee the value cf the pin
Wide which you surport, bat I think there is danger with
just see how
respect to our interests, end therefor- I do not negative your
proposition"—and thee, the noble lord proceeded to
do teat which he will permit me to say, I have never
seen don* in this house, and never known dens in
the"history of this bones, bat ander circumstauces
I. whisk persons who have moved the previous co
Rota hays heen ashamed elf putting the quea'ion. ("N0,,,
from Lend Pa)raerston.) What is the meaning of the pre-
vious wiestOn It ales to the house, this gars eon in reality
is tine, the principle which you affirm le true, (and the noble

lord felt this difilaalty whim he made the explanation) but
title is hardly applicable, and I am going to move the pre
vionc quadion. The previous question adosi:s the prim
eller but soya this as not the prop-r time to affirm
it ; and that is the meaning of the previous question.
Let us :appeal to what has brae done by nrinkintl. The
noble lord knows as well as I do, that the initials of Greece,
when they went to war and tro.k prisoners, killed them, and
if soy tne had gone to the people of Athens, and said, let
as do away with this killing of prisoners, at us treat them
with the consideration of our own citisens, he would have
been hooted by the assembled citizens of Athens. We
bare gone on from that time to the present, softening down
horrible cruelties, and of this 19th cotton, we have arrived
at • mete of civillation that would have been a perfect
miracle anto•gst the most civilise) notions of antiquity. Is
that any Nunn why we shoald not so one step further?
Every step in advancement of tivilioa-ion is a rep towards
the arneltivatioe of 'mankind. Between nations in • rata of
very nearly equal civilisation you may adopt such a proposal
es the pres-nt ; bat when the hon. neither f-r Ida,checer
introduces India re a proof of the cruelty in war, and to in-
cline us to adopt this rale because tf the miseries of the
Puojaub, I laugh at the argument; it has notning to do
with the qa.stion—it dota not touch the propotitins of the
bon. member fur the West Riding. I do hope that the
nations of Europe and Alli.tiQS may come to be united in
melt • bend o: clothed Christian people as shall hereafter
admit • prlresitlon like the presort; and all I ask of t e
noble 1 rd florid I ask of r..is noble lord at the head
of her Maks' y's councils—is to give the sanction of his
..pinion that this, it it c.uld be adopted, was • striae mode of
settling the disputes or nation-. (Hear, hear) I feel thtt
by our unhappy nature we are, of necem;tr, made the
ashjects of war. It is riot I who rp. ak sow, but the
House of Commons speaks throuilt the humble individual
who addresses you. If it had gc•-.lt Garth that an hon. norm.
her, representing a large and influenttal c insitueney, had
pr Twe 1 to the nation • ci.l ined and rational method of sr.
ranging it disputes, end that that had been sancionrd
by the ct i r men of the nvion, s-lected to be tin.' head of the
commits of the country. can we hide from ourselves tk tt such
a pro,oisition. so supported, would have been • moral
Imam to the now encumbered, contused, and mi-
*treble people or Europe, such as no other Howe
of Commons rould present ? Toe noble :out has
lost that glnrioatopportunity.
Mr. M. MUMS said the great eenomeoon of this even-
ing would be the debits itself. It wool, go forth to the
world that this house had been for the first time occupied
with such a subject. The hon. member for tibia 1,1 had said
that he world rums this was precisely the time foe making
' this prors lion, but he rad not succeeded in so doing.

- -
Mr. HUMS said that his noble friend admitted his
en it • concurrence in the prieeip e of the revolution, and
believed that benefit w. u'd arise from the n xpression a in-
dividual opinion in that house in favour or that principle.
But, if that were se, how much mare important would it be
to the world generally 'f the y had the sanction of her Mn.
jury's ministers sad the Hoene of Commons unabimously
elvers; din raven• of his hos final's revolution, mad which
after the erech of the noble lord In f event of the principle,
they ought to have. (Hear.) He (Mr. *me)ting greatly
permed that this debt', had n place, because of the
I dee:ler:ten made by the noble lord, and which he hoped
would be convoyee to every part cf the habitable globe
—(hear, hear)—as ealcutated et ones to remove the impres-
sion that very generally prevailed that the noble lord was
more disposed to load e eel and melts enmity than t.,
promote peace. (Hear, hear.) They had now the avowal
of the noble lord himself that be had empi•oed the
power of his office to promo fria tidal" to sett.
din utto, and to preset t war—(a 1 -I—and he
(Mr. Hoene) Wee, therefore, surprised that the noble
lord in the example he could give to other power",
Gould !or a moment hesitate to give lace to the principle he
I took pride to himself for promoting. He was
very glad to hear that Berope sad tiro nth re of
Ranee were now more dispersed to lists. to n aeon and the
priemples of justice than in format. days. Toe in erenee be
drew from that was that standing as we did es the enviable
paella of being in no danger from iuva,ien, we were the
very country that ought to set the example of Imeanina the
incentives to war, by 'amnia( our ware @Wiliam at, (Hear.)
He would exemplify his idea upon that point In I rel 4, when
a trifling dispute arose between an Replisinman holding the
joint situation of missionary sad consul and a French naval
*Rime; invead of settling it by a commissinn of arbitration,
r by mediation as paps el by his hon. friend's resolution,
instead of Banish and Freech meeting eoreially mid quietly
'equine the dispute, the First Lerd of the Treasury came
down to that house, and declared that it wee necessary to
increase our aaval force because the Fri neh reel increased
desire; argil accordingly an expecet of nearly 1,000 0.01. was
Jemmied in order to fortify the whole tomb eastern coast
el England though feu of that detente not Mont amicably
sett' d If his him friend's resolutien lief been passed
before that time, they might have availed all that . :penes.
Toe Sneretery of the Adnimity, too, upon that mentos,
defended the 'meet of the estimates, upon the erro-
neous ground of b ens prepared for war. We had
actually prepared for war, and by tea. prersr.•sin
rinked a vim; which sisk, and the expense it lammed. teight
have been Receded if the cyst( m proposed by his lien. fr., ad
had then been in opmerion. Take the cue of the lei fired
States. About 1,000,0001. wrs added to the naval expense
in consequence of the thrum held out on the as jest of the
disputed 'tory. Dunhill a long parliamentary lite that
was the only oecuion upon which h e ever approv• d of the '
preposterous armament required by the government of this
country, end teen moons= stied by the right hon. baron, t
the member for Taniworth. H., did se bec suns he c inceieed
there was a diayoeition on the part of America to bully and
trample on us, and that th- only way to meet that the o item
was by the measure of the right hon. baronet. But were lewd
Ashburton was rent out as a comminsioner, he, with Ht.
Webster, settled the dispute; and ea prsineworthy did he
think his conduct, that, in opposition to the opinion of the
minister of the day, he moved that the thanks of the house
he given to him, because he thought they sloe!d hen li-
thos, who promoted peace as well as these who suecassfelly
meselucted • war. In the course of this titbete there had
been no argument whatever against the motion; and he
conceived the terms, nt in its favour would e nvinee the
public at large of the immense evil inflicted on the country by
war. (Hoar.)
Lord J. RU ',SELL said he had hoped that the epee ch of
I his noble frivol (Pialmerstn) had been so clear and a xplicit
ea this suejeet, that his amtiments would hay been liable to
no minoonstiaction ; but these who had followed him, instead
of answering his arguments, no ederresing theraselm a to his
objections, had totally meconceived the nature of those ob-
jections, and the purport of the motion before the have.
Hie right hon. friend the member for Munch atm (Mr.
Gibson) hal thought it necessary to state his opinions at
large with teepees to the evils of war. Oa that point there
was no questien whatever in the house. (Cheers.) No
one steal up to say that war ass good in itself, that blood-
shed seas a blessing to the coutory, er the taxes it necessi-
tated • benefit to the community. (Hear, hear.) Thn fe.
fore the greater part of tee speech of the riglit hon. gentle-
man WAS not applicable to the question. His hon. (Tien /
who bad last spoken, like rise moomaivieg the question
before the house, said the queetion was, whether war ought
to be prevent& by arbitration or II negotiation. That was
not the question, for on that also the house was agreed.
He might refer to the 'eatery of the present generation, in
proof of the assertion that they had s anteevoured to avoid
war chi, fly by negotiation, which, however, was not the
subject of the maim, or the question uefore the house.
The hose member for Middlesex seemed to charge some I
members of the house with having instigated the war o'
1793, and he was not sure whether he did not charge them
with having had some part in the American war. 'Laueloer.)
But the different governments which bad toe& eded each
other in the present generation were remarkably free from
blame on the ground of incurring war. (Hear, hear.) L t
the house consider the various insper.ant questions ey had
had pending with the great and powerful nation of the
world. There was the question of the Vixen, with respect
to Russia; the questions relating to the north eastern
boundary, and Or. got, and the burning of the Caroline,
with respect tothe United States; the question with regard to
Syria, and that known se the Pritchard queetion, with France.
All these had been questions of exceeding peril in them-
selves, some of them exciting great popular feeling both in
this country and other onions, and yet, under the ' ifferent
governments that hart succeeded each other, without saying
that one was more pacific AT move ineli wad te war than another,
throe questions bad been met, dismayed, and decided, the
danger of war had been averted, and amicable relations
restored with the nations with whom we were then in con-
test. This was a proof, in the first piece. that the govern-
ment did not require any lesson from the hour* as to the
necessity, the humanity, or the policy of preserving pesos—
(Hear, hear)—in the next place, it so happened in almost all
these eases, that peace had bees preserved, not by the
method of arbitration, but by the old method of negotietirg
directly with the powers concerned. (Hear, hear.). Lo,d
Ashburton wee net a commissioner, according to the mode of
arberatioa ; he was a negotiator sent with power from this
ountry; he negotiated in the ordinary way with Mr.
Webster; and by a molar treaty, signed by them, without
the appointment of any umpire or arbitrator, the matter had
been settled. (Hear, hear.) The first appearance of this
question was, that it weasel necessary to come to a decision
as to any new mode of settling quarrels between this and
other nation., so many ditputem baying already
been settled which seamed to contain the seeds of
war. (Hear.) The motion asked her Mejesty to direct
her foreign secretary to enter ins) communication with
foreign powers for the establishment of treaties of arbitra-
tion. It was not • general resolution, or a aeneral tepees-
sion of pacific desires, not a visionary or utopian, but a prac-
tical question, whether it was desirable that the Queen
Monti immediately direct each treaties to be mowed to
foreign nations. Had the government aessoted to the mo-
tine, they must have transmitted to forams cowers& proposal
that every Nome misunderstanding should be set ltd by the
appointment of arbitrators. Not being prepared to do this,
his noble friend, for the purpose of preventing any miscon-
struction of his motives, had thought it better that the house
should not come to any decision on the motion, end had,
therefore, moved the previous quad, n. For his part, be
did not believe the mede proposed would be better than the
one now in use. (Hear, hear.) Suppotinn any disputed
matter could net be arranged by direct negate-
done, nations always had it in their power to refer
te arbitrators, gin log them power to choose an umpire. And
that was a course which it Might be very fit to pursue ; for
there were some questions intricate and difficult in themselves
upon which neither potty was willing to give way, hue upon
which another party might give way Withaut any sacrifice of
the honour or vital interests of the country. Oa the other '
hand, there were questions which could not well or safely be
submitted to an arbitrator, questions Min/Wine the dearest
interests, the honour and the safety of a country, which the
force of public opinion would erevent any government from
submitting to arberetion. (lln ar.) The invesioe of Rollaud
in 1814 was a reo scion as to the very existence of Holland, a
, question of scab:Son and opoeseaba or the one hand, of in-
dependence awl deterogeed freedom oa the other, Had the