The Express.
London, England, 1848-02-07 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

THE number of S CAMPS ivolot to the DAILY NEWS
by the authorities of tho Ptainp-oltive, during tne year 1847,
was

From JAN. 1, to Dec. 31, 3,447,009
This, we believe, is within eight per edit. of the number
issued to the Morning Herald, Morning Chronicle, snd
Morning Post, ALL PET TOGETHER.

In addition to the above, ioued to the DAILY NEWS,
Mornino l'aper, there were jutted for the Eretung Edition,
THE EXPRESS,

From JAY. 1, to Dec. 31 778,714
Which was more, we believe, than were issued either to the
Gt,be or Standard, Evening Papers.

• • MeerOsetarate latraded fer TO. Earase.. Loudon fret/lag paper/ lama/
.hr at the olio/. lO.Bolgene.rrei. by Tao erlork oa the Jay o:

1011 OATEN AT LONDON ■IWO,.
Two Da —IN onlag. de. NM 3 31 maw PAN 3.
I.3leanow—lianft6 a .164.4 41 Man." a Nal- lON

LONDON, MONDAY, FEB. 7.
TIIE parliamentary se-sion has re-opened with the
unwonted spectacle of an adjourned debate on an un-
opposed motion. Such an exhibition would have
astonished our ancestors of the Fox and Par era. If
people were then, as is alleged, less clear-sighted to
discern the true principles of political economy, less
perspicacious as to the reciprocal rights and
duties of the state and the citizen, more immersed
in the susgmire of party than now, still it must
be admitted that they had a more correct notion
of the due subordination of speech to action. Their

speeches were meant to promote or avert the motion
under discussion ; they might speak fallacies or appeal
to prejudices, but they kept to the point in hand.

Their speaking was part of the business of the house,
not a general delivery of ponderous pamphlets, in-
tended to show the research of the compilers, or to
establish their consistency.
However, it is not easy to see what other kind of
talk than that which occupied the nights of Thursday
and Friday last in the House of Commons could have
prefaced the motion before them. The West Indians
that they mast be ruined before Lord Ostrang
rsterenitrecg's committee can report ; ministers declare
that their minds are made up, and that nothing can
induce them to grant what the West Indians ask ;
and the inquiry proposed to be made in committee is
in part unnecessary, in part inconceivable.
The committee is to inquire into the present condi-
tion and prospects of the interests connected with and
dependent on sugar and coffee planting in the East
and West Indies and Mauritius. What are these in-
terests ? Are the whole relations of each to be sub-1
I jected to scrutiny ? The entire session might elapse
before the committee could define exactly the field ofi
inquiry opened up to it by these vague and extensible
phrases. If it is meant simply to inquire into the
I condition and prospects of the British sugar and coffee
planters and merchants the inquiry is superfluous.
The case was exhausted by the committees on the
West Indies and the African trade of 1842. A few
returns, which the Colonial-office and the Board of
Trade could easily supply, supplementary to the blue
books they emitted, will give all the additional in-
formation Lord Grottos can desire.

But further, the committee is to consider whether
any and what measures can be adopted for the relief
of our sugar-growing colonies and dependencies. Are
the members placed on the committee to hatch out
these measures from their own intellectual eggs? or
are they to issue an invitation to all the schemers and
projectors of the age to come and drop their eggs in
the committee's egg-oven? Such jostling and elbow-
ing of devices as that call would awaken has not been
seen since the days of the college of Lapnta.
The truth is, that the committee is a humbug, and
that everybody, the mover for it inclusive, knows it to
be such. Select committees have often been known
to be granted as lightning conductors to draw off
stormy debates from breaking over the heads of minis-
ters. But here is one asked for and accepted with a
perfect conviction of its utter and necessary nullity.
And the two nights' talk for which it afforded a pre-
text was every way worthy of it. The protectionist
gabble compelled the CHANCELLOR OF TILE
Ex-
CIIEiIUER and tho PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD Or
TRADE to re-assert the soundness of the prin-
ciples upon which the ministerial policy re-
lative to the sugar duties is based. Mr. JAMEY
Witmer embraced the opportunity to produce some
statistical facts in support of free-trade principles,
and Mr. BERNAL to state the views of the more mo-
derate and practical of the West Indians. The rest
of the discussion was a flourish of trumpets on the
part of the protectionists, with a view to persuade
their dupes out of doors that they are able to make a
rally in support of their obsolete notions.
Lord GEORGE. BENIINCK and Mr. Demme have
come forward as the mouth-pieces of protection. They
do not appear as the representatives of the West
Indians, whom, indeed, Lord GEORGE. took roundly
to task for faltering in their protectionist
faith, but as the uncompromising advocates of pro-
tection for everything. Mr. De-maul's speech, in-
deed, as is generally the case with everything that
falls from the hon. member for Bucks whenever he
ventures out of his own especial cii de of graphic de-
lineation, caricature, and mummery, was unintelli-
gible. It was mystical as the " wondrous tale of
Alroy," dry and lumbering a, an English imitation of
German transcendental metaphysics. It defies com-
ment or reply, front being unintelligible. But Lord
Gamete expressed, in plain English, the narrow and
self-contradictory wishes of English protectionists.
Lord GEORGE is no half-and-half protectionist. Ile
would give protection all round. Ile would protect
the English corn grower, and when the manufac-
turer complains of dear provisions protect the manu-
facturer against cheaply ft d rivals from abroad. He
would protect English shipping, and when British
sugar growers complain of high freights, protect them
against rivals who can have their sugars carried
at a lower rate. Lord Geoeoe's specific for making
and keeping all English interests—agricultural, ma-
nufacturing, estlelial, and shipping—prosperous, is
simply this: he will in the first place enrich the
agriculturist by compelling the manufacturer through
the instrumentality of protective duties to pay him a
certain amount of tax in addition to the natural price
of corn. When the manufacturer complains of being
thus placed at a disadvantage, lie will give hint re-
dress by compelling the agriculturist and colonist
through the same agency of protective duties to pay
tribute to him. When the colonist grumbles at this
anangetnent he will be authorised in the same
way to take toll of the manufacturer and agri-
culturist. And when the shipowner represents
that the price of ship-building materials and
stores is thus artificially heightened in price, he
is told that the navigation laws enable him to charge
all three of the aforementioned parties as heavily as
he pleases. In short, A is made to pay, let us say,
la per annum to 11; but A is compensated by being
allowed in turn to take la per annum from C ; who
is kept quiet b' being allowed to levy the some
yearly amount of black-mail upon D ; who is again
soothed by having an annuity of 10!. granted him,
payable by K In the end everybody receives DM to
which he had no right, and in return pays which
there was no call upon him to pay. And Lord
GEORGE BENTINCK and the wise men whose senti-
ments lie speaks, believe that all the parties are thus
made richer by la per annum.
If this ekildish game at Beggar my Neighbour
stopped here, it would be well ; but we must be al-
lowed to follow out its workings a little further.
Under the system of protectiee duties, A is not
allowed to pay 11 his lot., and MO forth. A costly
array of tax-gatherers is maintained to collect the
duties, by the pressure of which the transfer is indi-
rectly effected. An expensive legion of unnecessary
goeernment officials is paid by the protected parties,
to work the system of protection, which leaves them
as rich as before—minus this additional expense.
Again, this protective system, by confining their
dealings to the home market, by preventing them from
trading with foreigners, limits the number of their
customers, curtails the amount of their transactions,
and keeps them poorer than they might otherwise
become. In its direct operation protection is a
juggler's trick which swells the sums both on the
debtor and creditor sides of the trader's ledger, leav-
ing the balance of profit at the end of the year un-
augmented. In its indiiect operation it increases
the trader's expenses and diminishes the number of
his transactions, leaving at the end of the year the
balance of profit less than it would have been but for
protection.
Viewed in the whole circumference of its working,
not at isolated points as protectionist sophiAs are
wont to do, this is the rationale and effect of protection ;
this is the Gotham-like system of poli-y whi-h the
protectionist party in the House of Commons have
undertaken to prop up, with a view to prolong its
sickly days. It is in the desperate hope of gaining
time to allow of something turning up by accident, to
resuscitate this obsolete heresy in commercial legisla-
tion, that the two first days of the re-assembled House
of Commons have been wasted. The struggle is in
vain. A simple comparison of the hostile bands of
protectionists and free traders in the House of Com-
mons for VW, with their appearance in the same
assembly for 1821, will show Its hopelessness. In 1821
a few resolute and enlightened theorists, com-
posed of Itiestwo, Hume, and others, argued and
protested incessantly, but without influencing the
votes of a house composed of the representatives of
protected trading and agricultural interests, and of
government officials taking their tone from those par-
ties. In 18-Ist the free traders are in a majority, and
what is more, the practical traders are now the as-
Iserters of free trade. The protectionist phalanx is
composed mainly of theorists—of theoristsrepresented
by Lord G. BENTINCK and Mr. DISRAELI.

MR. BABB IGE has written a pamphlet on the
" Principles of Taxation, with reference to a Pro-
perty Tax." Of course it is shrewd, ingenious, and
amusing. Like IttcAnoo and JPCrt.Loctt, the writer
brings his powers of mind and lwic to support the
claims of landed and realised wealth to be exempt
from any amount of pressure or taxation propor-
tionate to that wealth. Mr. BABBAGE, in fact, puts
his talents at the service of the higher classes of
society, no doubt because he deems what he says in
their behalf to be just and fair. We beg to think his
arguments neither one nor the other.
Mr. BtISBAGE sets out with the assumption that all
taxation is the price which individuals pay to a
government for the protection which it affords them.

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 7, 1848.

We dewy this. Protection is one of the duties of
government, but it is not all. Government is something
more than police. It is more than a negative carer
for our safety. It may not have religions duties, bat
it certainly has moral ones. And its efforts for even
the physical prosperity and well-being of the popula-
tion, without taking any moral end into calculation,
alone form a series of duties, very different indeed
from mere protection to persons and to property.
Mr. BABBAGE supposes that all the produce of
taxation is employed in the great purpose of protec-
tion. And in order to follow out his argument he
insists that this protection is merely for the year, the
actual financial year. For on this principle he bases
his proposition, that all annual incomes ought to be
taxed alike, whether they proceed from life interest
and professional earnings, or from landed and realised
property. Because, earth he, protection, the basis of
taxation, is for the present year, and not for the past
or future.
How could Mr. BABBAGE indulge in such a theory
' without reflecting that nearly two-thirds of our an-
nually raised revenue go to pay the interest of money
alleged to have been spent for our protection half a
century ago; nay, more, that the Duke of WELLING-
TON and Mr. PIGOU want to spend more millions for
protecting us half a century hence ? What have the
professional gains of a man of the present day to do
with at least one of those kinds of protection, and that
the dearest kind ?
Taking for granted Mr. BABLIAGE'B principle, that
all government is but protection, and that we must
pay for protection, we cannot agree with the infer-
ences which he draws. For examp'e
It is a frequent subject of complaint by professional men,
that the uncertain income, dependent on health and other
accidental circumstances, pays the same tax as the landholder.
But it must be observed that, although the income is pre
carious to the individual, its prote.tion is not less costly to
the state; and, in whatever way it may be distributed
amongst the weathers of a profession, the total income of
the whole profession is often quite as perm:went as that of
the landlord, and is more certain in its payment. .
Granting personal protection to be the same in the
case of the landlord and that of the squire, does Mr.
Babbage pretend that it coats the state as much
trouble to protect the cheque that aceompinies the
lawyer's brief from its being drawn to the time when
it enters his pocketbook, and after that in its expen-
diture—does Mr. BADBAGE pretend that this protec-
tion is equal in importance and amount to the sanc-
tion and security which the law gives to the perma-
nence of landed and of funded property—a sanction
and a security which must necessarily embrace a ifo-
riee of years, and which:is summed up in codes, de-
fended by records and by judges, and by the most
costly machinery that seer state possessed iWhy, the
annual, and we might say, the diurnal earner and
consumer costs but the price of the policeman at his
door, whilst the owner of realised property causes the
whole twenty millions of expenditure which go to
protect and secure permanent, visible, realised
property.
AVe might go much farther N% ith Mr. TS tiIIIAGF:'S
doctrine of protection, and draw much wider infer-
ences from the theory expounded in the above ex-
tract. Most life incomes do come from realised pro-
perty. The chief sums made at the bar, for in-
stance, are derived from the incomes of landed pro-
prietors. In pratelit4y these proprietors in their
syst, m of entails, and the consequent difficulty of
titles, the state really protects the lawyers and pro-
vides them incomes. And why should the state levy
a tax twice over out of the same revenue for tho
same protection? It taxes the esquire according to
his income, and then taxes over again that income
when it has passed into the hands of the professional
man.

If the amount of taxation, then, be proportionate to
the protection given to property, the professional man
and the life income should not be taxed at all, for
the property which pays protection tax has been
already mulcted of its quota before it reaches pro-
fessional or earning hands. We argue thus, merely
to show the absurdity of the principle—that taxation
should be proportionate to the protection afforded to
property. And we have shown before, that, ad-
mitting the principle, it is one which, if rightly fol-
lowed out, would throw the whole weight of taxation
upon landed property. Undoubtedly, no uthcr costs
half so much to protect.
A fairer principle is, that all arc batind to contri
bute to the necessities of the state in proportion to
their means, and, of course, in proportion to the per-
manence of their means. That is a principle which
the wealthy thenisel% es have ever adinit.ed, before
theorists began to weave sophisms on the
subject. There existed a natural taxation,
long before the legal one ; and then• exist
still repeated instances of natural taxation, where the
state dues not regulate. If the state is menaced by
an enemy, dues not each man contribute according to
his fortune ? If a famine lay prostrate the poor of the
land, do not men come forward in proportion to their
means and their independence? Is the lawyer,
making 200001. a year expected to come forward on
such an occasion in the same i ank and with the same
figure as marquises and earls, who can make settle
ments for sons and daughters on their broad lands,—
who can be lavish without imprudence, and who can
relieve the beggary of others without making beggars
of their own children? _ .

Surely Mr. BAIMAGE, upon some reflection, must
perceive that he has been spinning out an ingenious
argument against the plain dictates of common sense
and humanity.

Our Paris correspondence of Saturday is engrossed
almost exclusively by the news from Italy, which we
give, with all its most interesting details, below.
The Chamber held its fifteenth day's debate on the
address on Saturday.
Count de Bussieres, who has just arrived in Paris
from the I Lague, is ordered to proceed imme liately
to assume his post of ambassador at Naples. His
excellency was to depart for Toulon to-day (Monday),
where a government steamer was waiting to convey
him to Naples.
The Count of Syracuse had not yet left Paris, but
his departure for Naples was hourly expected.

The Madrid mail of :he 30th ult. has arrived. Es-
partero was still suffering from the effects of his late
attack of influenza, and had not been able to leave,
as he intended, for Logrono. Another grand ball had
been given at the palace on the 30th. As before, Es-
parteru's name was excluded from the list of in-
vitations.

An extraordinary courier arrived in Paris on
Saturday from Madrid with news to the 31st.
Private letters say that the reception at the
palace, on the occasion of the birthday of the Duchess
of Montpcnsier, on the evening of the :10th, was most
brilliant. Among the general officers present on the
occasion was Espartcro, who attended in spite of the
severe indisposition with which he was assailed, and
although he had previously had a farewell audience
of the Queen. The ball did not terminate till four in
the morning of the 31st.
It is announced that General Narvaez is engaged
in making large reductions in the army, with a view
to economy in the finances. The army of Catalonia
is to be considerably redu..ed, in consequence of the
almost total suppression of the Carlist insurrection.
The Gazette of the 30th publishes a royal decree,
approving the contract entered into between the go-
vernment and the Bank of San Fernando, in virtue of
which the latter becomes the general cashier of the
government, receiving all the taxes and contributions,
and, in return, engaging itself to place the whole
amount of the budget at the disposal of the govern-
ment in monthly instalments, varying in amount each
month. The total of the budget is 1,283,631,396 reads.
In the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies on the 29th
the debate on the bill respecting notaries was brought
to a close. The Fu•o states that M. de Ayllon is not
to remain minister in Portugal.

The Patna, of Florence, mar, " If we are well in-
formed, Sir Ralph Abercrombie, the English Pleni-
potentiary in Sardinia, communicated, on the 24th of
January, to Count de St. Mahan, the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, a note sent by Lord Palmerston to
the Court of Tienna, in which it is declared that, in
case an Austrian intervention should occur in Tus-
cany, in the Roman States, or in the Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies, it would be considered by England as a
declaration of war."

We have received by the Levant mail our corre-
spondence from Constantinople to the 1 ith ult. There
was no political news of general interest. Tranquil-
lity prevailed in every part of the empire. The cho-
lera had not diminished, 8 to 10 cases occurring daily.
The weather was dreadfully severe—gales of wind
and heavy rains. M. Mumma had a fall from his
horse ; nothing serious occurred; he was to start in a

day or two for Athens. Several fires had taken place,
with but little damage. AU the Greek consuls had
resumed their functions.
Oar letters from Athens of the 20th mention a
rumour of a change of ministry. 'rho senate was dis-
cussing the budget of 1847. The Chamber of Depu-
ties had adjourned for the Christmas holidays. The
Athens journals have published the apology of M.
Olaraki toAli Effendi in the Mu.surus affair, and also
the Turkish minister's reply, accepting it, but at the
Name time informing the Greek government that un-
less a treaty of commerce is speedily agreed upon, the
Porte will take such steps as it considers necessary.
All was quiet at Patras when the Locust left on
the 25th.

A grand funeral mass was celebrated on the Ist in
the catholic church of Berne for the victims who pe-
rished at Milan and Pavia, in the recent conflicts with
Austrian soldiers. Most of the Italians resident at
Berne were present at the ceremony. An auto-du:l'e
took place at Friburg on the 31st ult. The victims,
however, were neither catholics, protestants, nor
Jews; but papers connected with the political prose-
cution instituted by the late government in the early
part of last year, and several instruments of torture,
which, it appears, had been retained under the old
system.

EDICT OF THE KING OF DENMARK RE-
SPECTING THE CONSTITUTION.

COPENHAGEN, JAN. 29.—0 n the 28th inst. the King
was pleased to issue a royal edict respecting the introduction
of a constitution, both to the Danish Chancery of State, and
to that of Schleswig Holstein. It is as follows :
With a view of carrying out the inventions of our lamented
father, his late Majcty King Christian VIII., and of put-
ting into execution the regulations o: public affairs already
assented to and announced in our letter patent, in a man-
ner which shall maintain the independence of the different
pr ,vinces of the country, as well as to consolidate the whole,
we have resolved to take into our royal consideration the in-
troduction of a constitution, which shall at the same time
secure the inalienable rights of our crown, as well as the
' rights and interests of all our loving subjects of the various
provinces of our kingdom. To this end we purpose
that united diets of our kingdom of Denmark, and of the
duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, shall regularly at certain
times, and at appointed intervals, assemble alternately in
kingdom and in our duchies, at such places an shall hereafter
be named, an equal number of deput es being returned by
our kingdom and by the above-named duchies. The rights
which we shall assign to these states in respect of several
matters which are to he laid down in the constitutional law
shall consist in a conclusive co-operation in the alterations of
the tariff, and in the administration of finance, as also in
framing laws which relate to the common interests of the
kingdom and the duchies ; and we shall, therefore, permit
that the said states shall humbly submit to our royal con-
sideration proposals touching such points of their operations
as shall have reference to the common interests
of the kingdom and the duchies. This constitu-
tion of the states which we introduce, of our
own free royal will and pleasure, shall nut in any way alter
the regulaliou of the 28th u: May, 1832, or the ord:nanee of
the 16th May. 1834. respecting the establishment of pro-
vincial assemblies in our kingdom of Denmark and of our
duchies, nor the permanent union of these duchies', and the
relations of our duchies of Holstein and Lauenberg to the
Germanic confederation, nor the constitution of the last-
named duchies, nor the establishment of the Icelandic
Allhing, introduced by the ordinance of the Bth March, 1843.
Lastly, the constitutional law shall contain suitable measures
for the protection of the Danish as well as of the German
language, in the districts of the duchy of Schleswig. Before
we confer the plwer of few upon the arrangements
which are to be introduced into the constitutional
law they shall be submitted to the united care-
ful consideration of milightened and experienced men,
who possess the esteem and confidence of their fellow-
burghers. The election of a majority of these repress ntatives,
we shall, as a proof of our royal confidence in our faithful
and beloved subjects, leave to the different classes of the
council of the elected members of the provincial states, as
well an to the clew, the prelates, and the resident nobility
of the duchies of Schhowig and Holstein, awl the consistories
of our universities of Copenhagen and Kiel. To this end, in
regard first to our kingdom of Denmark, the deputies chosen
by our faithful provincial states, for our royal residence of
Copenhagen, and other mercantile cities, for the biaboprics
of Zealand, Feinen, and Istaland, Falster, shall be permitted
to send three of their members ; the deputies of the landhold-
ers in the above named bishoprics shall semi two, the small
landowners of the same province shall also send two. The
bishops and provosts of the above-named sees, as well as the
Bishopric of Alien and Aron, which appertains to the king-
dom in an ecclesiastical respect, shall elect from the clergy
of the before.mentioned sees, as also of the latter bishopric,
two representatives; the bishops and provosts in North Jut-
land from the whole body of clergy in the province and of
the parishes, which in an ecclesiastical respect appertain to
the duchy of Schleswig, two; and the o.naistury of the univer-
sity of Copenhagen shall send one member. With respect,
.econdly, to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, the mem-
bers of our faithful provincial c mined seat as deputies
the duchy of Schleswig by the large landownenshall be per-
witted to send one of their tombs in, the deputies of the mer-
cantile to vns and the other cities in that duchy which have
the right of election two of their members; the deputies
of the small landowners and of the mixed elective districts
of the same duchy also two; the mem!) TS of our faithful
provincial council for the duchy of Holstein, chosen from the
cisme( the large landed pr iprietora, shall send two of their
members ; the deputies of the commercial and other elective
towns of this duchy two; the el puties of the small land-
owners of this duchy also two; the general superintendent
and the provosts of the duchy of Schleswig, from the whole
body of the clergy belonging to it, in an ecclesiastical respect,
one ; the presidents and the resident nobility of the duchies
of Schleswig and Holstein four of their members ; and the
consistory of the University of Kiel one ut. nix r. For every
class of the representatives a substitute is to be chosen.
The election shall be under the dir. ction of commissioners
whom we shall he pleased to nominate for the purpose. The
leetions shall take piece in the course of the month of March
next, on such day as shall be determined by the appointed
commissioners. The elections for the prelates and nobility,
and for the consietory of both universith s, shall take place
in the usual manner, and also in the month of March. After
the said elections shall be over, and the result communicated
to us, we shall nominate for the object in question eight
members of our kingdom, four for our duchy:of Schleswig and
four also for our Duchy of Holstein. The number of de-
puties who shall thus be graciously appointed, in part by
ourselves and in part elected according to the above regula-
tions, and whose names 'hall thus be publicly annouaOed,
will amount to twenty six for our kingdom of Den-
mark, and to twenty-six for our Duchies of Schleswig and
Holstein ' • making a total of fifty-two. Two months, at the
furthest, after the close of these elections, the said represents- '
lives shall assemble in our royal residenti try city of Copenha-
gen, on a day which we shall hereafter appoint, and under the
presidency and guidance of our highest officers of state, shall
commence their labours, which they shall continue till such
time as we shall be graciously disposed to command their
termination. We reserve to ourselves, independently of the
immediate objects which we have designated above for their
assembling, to submit to their united consideration several
matters relative to the legislation and administration, which
wi.l have to be brought I .ter in the year before the provin-
cid ar emblies for their deliberation, viz , the introduction of a
general liability to military service, the regulation of the mint,
and further resolutions in regard to the treatment of royal and
private propositions, in the assembly of the provincial states.
The members may m their deliberation., as it shall seem
best to them, make use of the language of either of the two
countries, and to this end the protests shall be drawn up in
both languages, by officers who shall be graciously ap-
pointed by us. The results of their deliberations shall then
be submitted for our royal decision, by the government dele-
gates appointed for conducting the usu el questions. It is a
true gratification to us to carry out the work commenced by
our lamented father, and it is the more pleasing to us to
announce this our royal veolution nn the anniversary of the
birth of the lamented King Frederic VI., and thus to
combine with the memory of the founder of the institution of
the s stem, the present manure for which, by those institu-
tions, he prepared the way. We hereby make publicly
known this our royal will and pleasure. The Royal Danish
Chancery, Jan. 28, 1818.—(Signed) Stemann, Oersted,
Bentsen, Holm, Algreen Coring."
The Berlin Gamete, together with this edict, publishes an
announcement of the chief of the Copenhagen chamber of
police stating that he has received from the Denish Chancery
of State the communication of a royal reseript, by which the
King enjoins the Chancery especially to mak kno en that,
while his Majesty is convinced that his faithful subjects will
receive with gratitude the boon which he has been pleased to
proffer in his edict of the 28th, it is his wish that this grati-
tude may not lee =mit-sated in any way which is not in strict
harmony with the deep sorrow which he feels for the death
of his mucb-'oved father.

Ihe remains of the late King will he conveyed to the
palace at Amalienburg. A funeral hymn has been written
by Ochlenulthiger, the music by Glawr.

SOUTH AMERICA.—A letter from Callao, dated
Dec. 12, gives the following items of news from the
Pacific. The French frigate Poursuivante, with the flag of
Admiral Tromlin, together with the corvette Batelle, were
at Valparaiso en the 30th of November. M. Dillon, formerly
French consul at Newcastle, came out in the Pounuivante,
as eonaul to the Sandwich Islands. Merchant shipping was
very scarce, and freight., still rating high, from ad. os. to
51. 15e. per ton for England. Ecuador was in a wretched
state of disorder : there had lately been an abortive attempt
at • revolution in Guayaquil, in consequence of which several
families had been banished. Murder and robbery were of
very frequent occurrence iu the city, with scarcely any
attempt at the discovery and punishment of the perpetrators.
Foreigners were threatened in printed papers posted and
circulated in the city, in such terms se the necessity of
" watering the tree of liberty with their blood," &c. Mr.
Horatio Cox, acting British consul, in the absence of Mr.
Cope, who was at Quito, has written to Sir George Seymour,
urging him to send • British ship of war for their protection.
General Wright had left Guayaquil ostensibly f r Mexico,
but no doubt with a view of aiding and uniting Flores,
who, it is known, is at Jamaica planning • return to Ecua-
dor. It is stated that he has every chance of regaining the
presidency. Velasco had been proclaimed president in
Bolivia, in the room of Ballivian. Messrs. Jeoffroy and Co.
and Signor Itudolfo's proposition, for constructing a rail-
road between Lima and Callao, it is said has passed the
lower house.