The Express.
London, England, 1853-12-19 00:00:00

negotiate a treaty with that empire, by which the
ravigation of the Amazon may be opened up.
The recent dispute with Peru arising out of the
occurrences that took place at the Chinches Islands,
is represented to be in a fair way of settlement, Peru
agreeing to grant indemnity to the parties outraged.
The Treasury Report shows a surplus for the fiscal
year of thirty-two million dollars, out of which some
thirteen million dollars of the public debt has been
paid, leaving the present debt of the United States
at fifty six million dollars. The President recommends
that further progress be made towards extinguishing
the debt of the Union. lie also recommends a
reduction of the tariff. _ _ _ . .

The navy is declared to be in an inefficient state,
and measures for its improvement are recommended.
An increase in the army is also considered as ne-
cessary, especially on the frontiers.
The Post-office revenue is reported to be deficient
to the extent of two millions of dollars.

The President declares himself to be in favour of
aiding the Pacific railroads by all constitutional
means, and the message concludes wth a brief allu-
sion to the death of the late Vice-President King.
The Canada reached the Mersey at half-past eleven
o'clock, and besides the mails has brought 100 pas-
sengers, and 700,000 dole. in specie oa freight.
The Royal Mail Steamship Europa, from hence,
had arrived at New York on the 6th inst.
The United States Mail steam-ship Humboldt,
from Havre and Southampton, had got ashore near
Halifax, on the sth inst. She was expected to be-
come a total wreck.
Whatever character New Orleans may have hi-
therto borne, that ill-fated city is earning for
itself exclusively the title of the " City of the
plague." The last victim to that scourge of tropical
countries, the yellow fever, had hardly been buried,
and the affrighted and runaway citizens returned to
their homes, when a fresh scourge made its appear-
ance in the shape of cholera, which has already, up
Ito last advice. from thence, carried off 214 persons.

THE WAR.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

The following extract from a private letter from
Odessa of the 7th, relates to the destruction of

Turkish vessels at Swope :
" It is said here that the Turkish squadron was
going to attack the Russian forts on the Circassian
coast, and had on board a very large quantity of
powder, which was one of the causes of its entire
destruction, there being one steamer only that could
effect its escape. No ship was taken, and I hear
only a couple of hundred men taken out of the
water. It is said that the fort of Sinope is destroyed
and the town burnt. The Russian fleet had returned
to Sebastopol to refit. The seven Turkish frigates
were of 64, 60, 52, 50, 56, 36, and 44 guns—the last
an old Russian frigate, the Rafael, which had fallen
into their hands in 1828. It is also said that
among the transports was a British merchan t
schooner."
MALTA, Dec. 12.—We have news from Constan-
Itinople that a battle has been fought at Sinope, the
Russians sailing in and attacking the Turks six fri-
gates laying there. One of those, a steam frigate,
made her escape, and arrived at Constantinople very
much Fury has gone to Varna; Retribu-
tion and } rench steamer Gomer have gone to

Sinope.
Letters from Alexandria of the 6th state that the
troops intended to reinforce the Egyptian contiogent
on the Danube have been for some time ready.
They men,
amount in number to 12,000 and were
waiting for vessels to convey them to Constanti-
nople.
Letters from Syria to the 20th state that that pro-
vince, although the garrison had been so much re-
duced, enjoyed the most perfect tranquillity. Nu-
merous Turks, Draws, and Christians had left for
Constantinople to serve as volunteers against the
IRussians.
A letter from Constantinople of the 3rd states that
the British Chargé d'Affaires in Persia had pro-
tested against the line of conduct adopted by the
government of the Shah, and that he was to quit
Teheran early in December.

We read in the Press of Vienna of the 13th

According to a telegraphic despatch from Czernowitz
of the 11th, 2,000 infantry of the corps of Osten-
Sacken arrived on the Bth at Jassy. On the 9th
they left for the south by forced marches, and on the
same day 2,000 more arrived to replace them. These
troops are concentrated at Fukschany. According
to a communication from Belz, in Bessarabia, the
advanced guard of the 3rd corps of infantry had
arrived there; it consisted of a regiment of light
infantry of the Bth division of infantry. Three other
regiments of the same division, and General Oaten-
Sacken in person, were expected. The third corps,
after having left a garrison in R►dut Balch, has left
for amine. A cordon is being drawn from the
Dneistcr. The preparations for the quarantine are

made.
The Debate, in commenting upon the telegraphic
summary of the news brought by the Nile, says :
The important polar of this news is the entry of French
sad English ships into the Black Sea (see, however, says
the Dibate the paragraph from the Palm throwing doubts
upon the fact.) The Retribution and the Mcgador are the
two meat powerful steam frigates of the two squadrons.
The Mogador particularly distinguished herself in towing
Admiral 'lamella's ship from the Dardanelles to Beicoe.
The line ship Charlemagne, who= entry into the Black Sea
is announced as immediately probable, is • screw vessel of
80 guns, armed two years since, and although her =gin=
are only of 450 horse power, she has displayed excellent
tualities Captain de Chabannes is now the c maunder.
The English frigate to accompany the Charlemagne will
probably be the Aesthete, 60 guns • very fine new
ship, greatly admired by both squadrons, sad
now commanded by Captain Symonds, sea of the
government shipbuilder of that name. If it be true that
the English merchantman Heise has been fired upon and
boarded by the Russians, as announced in the despatch, the
fret is very serious, especially in the state of irritation of
the public mind in England, caused by the affair of Sinop*.
However the experience we gain every day of the short-
comings and inaccuracies of te`egraphic despatches leads us
to wait for more ample informalon before we can believe
that the Russians attacked the English flag. The letters
we plosive this very day from Constantinople, dated Dec. 1,
confirm the necessity of this reserve. It will be remem-
bered that a few days since we published from the Journal
of St. Peteretnerg • Russian bulletin, amounting that the
Turks had been beaten by the garrison of Onmri (Alezan-
dropol), and pursued to Arpatchay. Our letters of to-day
say precisely the contrary. They state that after
a sanguinary battle the Russians were routed, and
retired to a fortress, leaving several hundred dead
on the field of battle, and that the Tusks took poueuion
of the place. The telegraphic despatch mentioned above
goes to coefirm this news. On which side is the truth ?
One letters also annotatee the success of the mission con-
fided to the Turkish Admiral, Mestapha Pasha. He was
to land a considerable quantity of arms and =enigmas of
war on the coast of Circassia. He safely disembarked the
whole contained is three frigates In the harbour of Ver-
des, in the centre of Groat Abesia. The news from Georgia
is a little more clear than what we have heretofore re-
ceived. Is it more authentic ? We cannot say. It is said
that Schamyl, the hero of
!gaDagheetan, when he learnt the
commencement of hostilities, ass bled all his forces, and,
placing himself at the head of a body of 18,000 men, with
10 pieces of artillery, divided the rest of his army into
three columns, one of 6.000 men, commanded by
the Naib Ernie, and two others of 3000 men
each, commanded by Abdurrhaman and Daniel
Bey. Schaal''', after having himself taken four
little forts from the Russians, attacked Zakatala, the
most important place in the province of Giarhelekan, and
after a combat 0136 hours, drove the Russians out of it,
burnt their barracks end storehouses, and spiked their
guns. The Russians fled to Tiflis. The fact of the taking
of &kite= was known the day before yesterday. Daniel
Bey is said to have attacked Khalet, an important strive-
' getical point, because it commands the mountain road, and,
I after many days continuous fighting, he made himself mat-
ter of it. The entire garrison, it is affirmed, perished, not
a Magic Russian escaping. After these successes Schamyl
marched upon Tato, and Daniel Bey to the province of
Chirwan, to effect his junction with the Turkish army.
Should this junction be effected the position of the Rus-
sians in Georgia will be very seriously compromised, and
one of our correspondents announces that at the moment
of closing his letter be was informed that Tie,'
itself, the capital of the province, was taken. The substance
of this news is confirmed by the G. rman papers, and parti-
cularly by the Ost Deutsche Post of Vienna. All this, it will
be observed, corresponds but little with the telegraphic d. -
'patch 1111110UUCilIff that General Andronikoff had dispersed
the besiegers of Akhalzik, and beaten the Turks in a bloody
affair, in which the latter lost 4,000 or 6,000 men, guns,
colours, &c. Nothing was known of this battle at Constan-
tinople on Dec. 1. Our letters merely say that the siege of
the place was energetically pushed on, and that all the
roads by which succour might arrive to the Russians were
occupied by the Turks.
The note addressed by Reschid Pasha, the Minister
of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, to Baron de Bruck, In-