The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-24 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 24, 1848.

them.
r. ANSTEY entirely confirmed the right hon. baronet,
defended Ins own consistency in not voting for ph-lice
F. O'CONNOR (from the ministerial !idea onother the
adverted to Lord Brougham's speech
, and reminded the noble lord that in 1831, at Wake-
he had, in an ad tress to the mob, declared that " he
football
I the day would come when kings' heads would
in the gutter for the boys to play
With regard to Ireland, he said the Engog.
people knew nothing about it,' and they t
Aeir information from the worst source. When
• " com-
missioner " for one of the morning papers Ireland,ocalled upon him (Mr. O'Connor) nt his hotel—ta laugh)
and offered to send him articles for the Northern
could
Star.
reply was that that would be unnecessary, for he
take his facts from the morning newspaper in question ; to
which the re:ly was, " Oh, should write one thing fur you,
-4 another for them." That was the way that intormation
, obtained fr,.m Ireland. The hon. member then adverted
the Crown and Government Security Bill, and said the
ty•
wernment had perpetr ted treason against her Majes
Is then referred to the hon. m.rnber r Kerry. Ile h 'oad
Tways, be said, disliked paid agitato.s. He had always
avoided being one himself as much as he possihly could. (A
%ugh.) He then eulogised Sir G. Grey. With regard to
chat Sir It. Peel said to him the other night, he had only
to reply that as the first minister of his Satanic majesty
should be subtle and cunning he should recommend the
right hon. baronet as by far the most capable person for the
appointment,
Lord ARUNDEL asked when the hon. member intended
A bring in the Land Companies Bill which he had pro-
mised t (Hoar, hear.)
Mr. F. O'CONNOR replied after Eater.
Sir G. GREY'S motion was then agreed to.
MR. CHARLES COCHRANE'S PROCEEDINGS.
Lord M. HILL said ch. re appeared in one of the morning
papers of that day en advertisement from Mr. Charl•Cach-
rane, in which he stated that a procession which he an-
nounced to take place on Easter Monday had be
was the
en
that

ease ?
Sir G. GREY said his 'Version had that morning been
drawn to an advertisement professing to proceed from the
person in question, who at. ted that 90,000 persons would be
assembled at his mandate, and would walk through the
atreeta of London on Monday, carrying fire pictures with
them, and that the Sant .ry of State had " consideratey"
declared that he should offer no opposition to the procenion.
As far as the last statement was concerned, he (Sir G. Grey)
begged to 'say that it was totally without the shadow of a
foundation. r Hear, bear.) The police commissioners had
received instructions to prevent any such procession passing
through the streets of London, to the stoppage and injury of
trade and commerce, and they were quite prepared to take
effectual steps to atop it. (Hear, hear.) He would only add,
that with reapect'to the subjset on which Mr. Cochrane was
endeavouring to create an agitation—namely, the state of
the vagrant laws—it was one deserving attention, and that it
was already under the consideration of the chief commis-
sioner of poor laws.
ALIEN BILL.
Mr. litiME asked what course would be adopted respect-
ina the Alien Bill?
Sir G. GREY said it stood fur second reading on the Ist of

May.
EVICTION OF TENANTS IN IRELAND.
Sir G. GREY then moved for leave to rings n a bill fo
their
the protection and relief of poor per:cies eviefrom
dwellings in Ireland. The right hon. baronet said the object
of the bill would be to limit the hours during which
notice
the
process could be served, to require that seven days'
should be given to parties intended to be evicted, and to
render it necessary that notice should be given to the board of
guardians prior to eviction, in order that they might provide
for those -vho were shelterless.
Leave was given, and the bill
PTCY woo ‘ub
LAW.sequently brought in.
BAN KRW
In reply to a quesvon,
Sir Ci. GREY said, a measure respecting the bankruptcy
laws was under consideration.
uarter past three to Monday
The kuuse adjourned at a q
the lot of May.
_ _

the erpreso.

MAILS.
The overland closed mails, ens Mareeillm, to tbe Mediterranean,
Egypt, ,tden, Ceylon, India, noon-hang, 5.e., will be made up on the
evening of the 24th April.
The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Liubon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar
will be made up on the morning of the 27th April.
The mail. for Nes, south Wales, Tan Diewan's Land, and New
Zealand will be made up on the everting of the 30th April.
The mails for the %St st ,opt of Africa and Madeira will be made I
wpm the evening of the 30th April.
The West Intim MaiL,, including Bermuda, Nassau, Havanna,
Honduras, New Orleans, Vera Cruz, Tampico, and Porto Rico and
excluding thoso for Madeira, JACMCI, Carthagena, Banta Miirtha,
Chsgres, Panama, West Coast of South America, and tit. Juanale.
Nicaragua, will he made up on the evening of the 2nd May.
The overland mails lot Gibraltar, Malta, Greeee,Rm lonian Islands,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and Cluna, an Southamp-
ton, will be made up on the morning of the 3rd May.
The mails for the Braziln, the River Plato, Stoats Viade up deo, Pelllllthe
01.
buco. Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Ayres, will be mon
evening of the 4th May.
The mail. for British North America, zeal the United Slates,
will be mad* up on the evening al the sth May.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.
The number of STAMPS issued by the authorities of the
Stamp numb, during 1847, to the
DAILY NEWS was .......... 3,447,009
This, we believe, is within eight per
.tent of the number !
issued to the Morning Herald, Morning Chronicle, and
Morning Pat, ALL PVT TOOETHEIL
In addition to the above, issued to the DAILY NEWS,
Morning Paper, there were issued for the Evening Edition,
THE EXPRESS 778,714
Which was more, we believe, than were issued either to
the Globe or Standard, Evening Papers.

TO CORRESPONDENT&
oe Adthrttlemeat. Int.,lea for "The The..." iwee...b. eh., too. t
be at The odic., tO. flatware...twat, sr Two delete es Ow day of aublwatioo.
- -

111014 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Two —Morale& If Ea... V.. 30.55550. 3S ids. pad S.
To-rosso•—)terelsag. 14 ob. pow 5. Monaco, i 7 AAA. pso

LONDON MONDA proc Y,
rastination APRIL 24.\
ONIE great evil of political is, that
what might be dote with general approbation to an-
ticipate public distress, is often apt to be regarded
with suspicion by the parties it is meant to benefit,
when distress has actually come upon the country. It
is thus with emigration. It has been pressed upon
government as a means of keeping the balance of
capital, labour, and the field of profitable exertion
properly adjusted since 1836. It has been urged
upon government with less definite and matured
views of its mode of operation since 1820. But no
comprehensive measure adequate at once to the means
and the wants of this country has to this day
been brought forward by government. And in the

......-•-ei.".---"—'---
season of pressure which has visited us, and is
likely to last for some time longer, to talk of 1
emigration as a remedy is to incur the risk of being ,
suspected by the poor of a wish to get rid of them on I
any terms and under any pretext. rd it must be
confessed that last year s mortality among the Irish
emigrants, and the precautionary measures which'
have been adopted by our Aareri colonies to ke.epl,
pestilence from their doors, ot unlikely to give
countenance to the imagination.
And yet there is a field in the
oft lands of our
coloniern by the proper cultivation ich we might
render pauperism in Englaud as limited in extent and
as easily manageable as it is found to be in America.
Our waste lands in North America, at the Cape of
Good Hope, and in South Australia, might be to this
country what the backwoods and prairies are to the
United States. From England to South Afriandca, or
may
to
1, Australia, is a less difficult and dangerous,
be made a less costly, journey, than from the Eastern
I sea-board of the United States to Oregon. From Eng-
land to any part of our Canadian territory is a less
difficult journey than in the memory of our grand-
fathers was that from London to Orkney.
When the talk is of emigration as a parallel move-
ment to the pioneer propenshies of our Transatlantic
cousins, of course our tropical colonies are out of the
question. They are not lands to which the capitalist
and the labourer may go forth together to found new
Ithglands in distant realms. But our North
American provinces, our South African terri-
tories, our Australian possessions, are all admirably
suited to this purpose. There are peculiarities in the
condition of each of these groups of colonies which
render two of them less available at the present mo-
ment. These circumstances, however, will be found
to be merely transitory. As soon as the disturbances
lathe Kaffir frontier, which nothing but the interference
of meddling and preaumptuous fanatics conld have
allowed to grow up into the dignity of a Kaffir war,
have been suppressed, the Cape? colony, or colonies,
will take a new start and again attract emigration.
When the present lack of confidence, and the remem- ,
brance of list vear's pestilential visitations, have
ceased to shake ifie nerves of our North American
fellow-citizens, the rush to the backwoods will be
resumed. In the meantime, Australia opens a suffi-
cient asylum for those who find difficulty in getting
on here.
It is the reverse of complimentary to our colonial
administration, that there should be in Australia one
universal wish to receive constant supplies of fresh ,
emigrants, that there should be in this country multi- I
tudes eagerly inquiring how they can find their way
thither, and vet that the two lands thus stretching ,
out their hands towards each other across the ocean,
cannot effectively. help each other. Wherein does,
the difficulty consist?
It was about the year 1830 that Mr. WAKEFIELD
first developed his theory of colonisation and the
Idispoeal of waste lands in the colonies. From the
lessential principles of that theory we believe there
are now few dissentient s. By the essential prin-
ciples of the theory we mean the
te following n
: That
to
' the true and only way to promo emigratio is
render the colonies attractive ; that to render them
attractive, it is only necessary to render m press
perous ; that the experience of all European colonies
shows the elements of colonial prosperity to be—free
institutions and liberal supplies of capital and labour;
that an equitable mode of transkrring the waste lands
held by the crown as trustee for the community to pri-
vate owners is indispensable to the attainment of ade-
quate supplies of capital and labour ; that the only
way to prevent favouritism and jobbing, in the dis-
posal of these landsis, to make purchase the only means
of acquiring them; that the way to prevent speculators ,
acquiring large tracts of land upon speculati.n, not to I
reclaim, but to dispose of them when the value of laud
rises, is to place such a price upon land as shall give
the purchase the character of a bowl fide investment,',
though, of course, still a much more remunerative
investment than old countries afford; that the money
thus raised can in no way be so profitably expended
as in affording free passages from England to the
colonies of labourers desti*ute of property ; that the
most eligible labouring immigrants for the purposes
of the colonists arc males and females in equal
numbers between the ages of puberty and thirty-five.
These points we regard as the sound and
disti essen
uistial
part of Mr. WAKEFIELD'S theory. We ngh
, between that theory and every attempt that has been
made to act in accordance with it. Not,only have
,the acts passed by our legislature, and the orders
issaed by, our colonial department, in which many
seek for the Wakefield theory, much alien and irre-
concileable matter in them; even in the later
schemes of the New Zealand Company, which are
understood to have emanated from the ingenious dis-
coverer of the theory himself, we find addits and
iefinements upon it, not only useless but ionpositively
hurtful. Under this category we include all the
vaunted arrangements about schools and churches,
which have been made a specious attraction to the
colony, and an excuse for reusing the price of la
isds.
The true way, then, to prom ;te emigration to
give to each colony free institutions ant a good sys-
tem of disposal of eve.ste lands. And in truth the two
things are identical. " Free institutions for a colony"
m. ens leaving the whole business of local govern-
ment in the hands of the colonists, and the disposal
of their waste lands among the rest. This latter point
is one which has been forced upon us by experience.
At first we were led to waste Mr. WAKEFIELD'S
that the disposal of the lands should be retained
by the home government. The arguments for such an
arrangement are specious. The waste lands of a colony
ere the common property of the state which discovers
and settles it. They are to be administered by the
government for the benefit of all who have gone out
to the colony and of ail who may hereafter go out.
What a private individual acquires is his own to do
what he likes with; but what remains yet in the
common stock is as much the property of the stay-at-
home public as of the more adventurous settlers. It
lhas beta acquired and must be defended at their ,
common cost. Now if the partitioning of these
lands among settlers is left to the settlers themunwise
-
selves, there is great danger of au
rapacity tempting those who go out first to
take more than they can use, leaving none
for those who are to follow. We still see this danger,
but eight years experience of the management of co-
lonial lands by the home authorities has convinced as
that entrusting it to them is a cure oftwse than the
disease can p.ossibly be. The progress sound opi-
nions, experience of the bad consequences of over-
acquisition of lands, may—will, in time--bring the re-
sident colonists to adopt a sound system; but the
red-tapists of the Colonial-offie are unteachable.
You can neither impart to them the requisite prac-
tical knowledge of how colonial waste lands ought
to be managed, nor can you give them a motive to
exert themselves to acquire that knowledge and act
in conformity to it.
What is at present wanted, therefore,
throughout the Australian settleents (New Z
itealand
isexpted,
excepted, which has peculiaritiems in its condion)
this :—Let a reasonably. extensive territory, with
definite boundaries, be assigned to Sydney, Moreton
Bay. Port Philip, Adelaide, and Perth ; let the whole
local legislation be consigned in each settlement to one
elective assembly ; let local taxation and the manage-
ment of the waste lands vi ithire the settlement be con-
fided to the same body ; let the nomination of governor
remain with the crown, bat let the determination as
to what ministers he is to have, and what salaries
he and they are to receive, be left to the
assembly ; let the term of a governor's
appointment be for so many years, with a break in
the term in case he cannot contrive to govern the
colony with and through the local legislature; let the
crown have a veto on all legislative acts in so far as
(they contain any principles irreconcileable with the
law or constitution of England ; let the colonial land
and emigration commissioners be charged with the
superintendence of the emigration to the colonies, and
with the furnishing of information to intending emi-
grants, and let them be remunerated for this trouble
by the colonies.
Under such an arrangement, the free play of enter-
prise, ireiligence, and industry in the colonies would
mske the development of their resources as rapid as
that we witness in the United States, their demand
for emigrants as great; they would rapidly absorb
our capitalists who fail to find investments, our la-
bourers who fail to find employment; and they would
become markets for our produce and manufactures to
an extent that would render surplus capital and labour
rarer phenomena in Great Britain than they have been
of late yearn. The sense of mutual interests, the asso-
ciations of relationship, would form a stronger bond
of union between the colonies and the parent state
than any laws or institutions can afford.

Few things are more diameragtng than to reflect
on the effects that at present ate lode for the poor,
contrasted'with the peaty of the results which they
produce, In every direction something or another
done or attempted. In allthe gristles all eplteres
life men's minft arm °coupled with eoniederations as
to what can best be done for the improvement of die
social and moral condition of the people. It is not
the philanthropist alone who makes • study of the
subject. To this end the politico-economist, the eolo-
nig, the agriculturist, the free-trader, the currency
debater, the railway projector, and a hundred others,
each and all direct their thoughts. We have labour
schemes, emigration schemes, land improonvement
and
projects, cheap food argumenessin one single
ts, bulli
anti-bullion pamphlets, all profg
purpose—the improvement of the condition of the
poor. How remarkable, moreover, are the practical
efforts to the attainment of this end ! The expendi-
ture on charitable and philanthropic objects, how
munificent; the institutions themselves, how variously
adapted for the relief and succour of every class by
which assistance can be needed! And yet what do
all our labours end in? Increpoverty and
misery, distress more general and more widely
spread, pauperism threatening classes fancying them-
selves far above its reach. It is as if, amid the glare
of all our rejects, orhastening affliction were sent
to humble us, by ping that the dispenaations of
the great Creator could not be evaded, and that " in
the sweat of his brow alone shall man eat bread."
Periods of distress have visited every coun
of
There have been grievous famines after years
plenty, as if to warn mankind against wasteful excess
and superfluous indulgence. There have been sore
distresses caused by wars, as if to inculcate the bles-
sings of peace. Pestilence, preventing the proper
cultivation of the soil, his often been followed by
dreadful famine. But the distresses of our poor are
occasioned by none of these causes. Their sufferings
occur in the midst of abundance, and with plenty who
are ready to help. An anomaly so remarkable
affords a proper subject for study and inquiry.
Among the different publications respecting popular
distress, which have lately reached us, is one pecu-
liar reference to a district which is usually
considered the focus of that discontent which
undoubtedly prevails in many of the manu'ac-
turing districts of England. Mr. J. C. \Velour, the
banker at Nottingham, whose name is associated
with every plan for the benefit and amelioration of
society, has taken the trouble to collect from individuals
of various classes, sects, parties, and positions, in
erence
that
town and its neighbourhood, opinions with ref
to the distress that prevails there, its causes, and the
consequences it is likely to produce. Mr. WRIGHT
states upon the face of his pamphlet that he was in-
duced to make these inquiries in consequence of an
opinion that the distress in Nottingham had been
unusually prolonged, and continued more than ordi-
narily severe ; and that " a case existed not only for,
an appeal to the charitable feelings of the wealthy, I
but to government for decisive measures of ameliora-
tion." It is worth while quoting some of the replies
afforded to Mr. WRIGHT. in order to enable the public I
to judge of the extent of the distress with which our II
population is contending.
the Rev. Mr. BROOKS, the vicar of Nottingham, a
clergyman who stands deservedly high in the locality
and in the church, makes the following statement
with reference to the distress and to its political
effects :
1 have no doubt that distress is the principal cause ofthe
disaffection wh.ch exists in this town, of which artful dema-
gogues tali, advantage t, work on the minds of the needy
and to render them politically disaffected. Myself and
curates do not unirequently in our calls have oiscumions
with individual chartists ; and when they are baffled in ar.
foment, they generally plead " that there may. be some
truth in what we state, but that it does not satisfy empty
bellies," or something to that effect. I have heard them
sly, when warned of the probable evil consequences
of sedition and rebellion : 'Well, a man can but
die once, and I would as soon die that way
as by starvation." They will not go into the
union workhouses, because they disfranchise therwelves
thereby-they prefer to starve. I believe that a large por-
tion of the humbler classes in this town are now is a state of
semi-starvation. I see numbers who had di cent clothes on
their backs whin I first came here (April 1841, • year when
there was a spurt of
trade) whom I
emo now
ted. recogni One se go
ing
about in dirt and rags—d cia of
'lcurates who was in Ireland during the famine of
thatast hey raw
no destitution in that country worse than lie has witnessed
here in Notting. men ; and was surprised atthe the
fu patierniture
nce
with which it was borne. A large part of
and apparel of the em ratives is pawned or sold ; and if I
send my lay agent to inquire after the numerous children
missing front ,chool, the cause of their absence in most
instances is found to be, that they have no clothes in which
to appear. I believe that the generality
when th ey cannot do mo
re
ein
than exist (especially the stockingers) even are
fell work, owing to the miserably low wages they receive,
and small as they are nominally, yet pared down still lower
by charges on them fur rent of frames, stauding.rooni,
needles, taking in, &c.
The incumbent of a district church in the town
takes the same view :
I verily believe that for the space of at least eighteen
months not one half of the mechanics' families in Trinity dis-
trict have had more than just enough to keep them from ab-
solute starvation—and that generally the food of the poor
inhabitants has been most unequal in ki,d and quantity to
nature's requirements. I have no hesitation in saying that
such a state of things must pre-dispose n toan juM in
ameliora-
any
movement, that (however shadowy) promises
tion. A starving man does not cli.cuss the principles of the
party he may join ; he only hopes by their means to better
his condition, which he believes cannot be remunerating I there-
fore, do suppose if work were abundant, and
wages afforded,. we should not have the masses who now en-
danger our existing institutions. They enlist under the
cause of the " Charter," because such is at present the stan-
dard of disconte : any other name or object holdin the
maw position, wouldnt secure equally their attachment and
'ammo.
The returns of the Nottingham Union give a re-
matkable roof of the increased distress of the people.
It seems that the average number of persons receiving
relief, was :
In-door. Out-door.
In 1844
10
In 1847
This is a fearful increase ; but it becomes even alarm-
',
ing, when it is considered that the class which has
fallen into pauperism has absolutely been the class of
ratepayers. In 1845-6, the rates in Nottingham were I
made in the proportion of 4e. 2d. in the pound; and
in
April, 1846, there was in the Bank 1,3871., besideel
about 3,8b01. uncollected, which was not an arrear,l
but a balauce carried to the following year,
panii/g
to a similar balance of the year precedin. But, in II
April, 1848, things stand thus : Hates for the year,
ss. 10d. in the pound; balance in the bank, 1971.;
arrears, on a comparison with ordinal' collections in
average times, 7,400/.! 'fhe guardian on whose
authority this statement rests, adds to it :
The difficulty in collecting, these arrears is unprecedented,
and I have no hesitation in saying the pressure on the
payers has increased in a more severe ratio than that upon
the recipients. It is not the amount of rates that oppresses,
but the incapability of paying them presents the worst
feature in the present state of things.
Mr. FELWIN, a lace manufacturer at Nottingham,
gives interesting evidence of the fact that this pres-
sure is falling on the classes above the poor.
Retail trade can only make returns in proportion to in-
comes and wages. But as the people must eat, the dealers
in clothing and luxuries have lost far more than their pro-
portion of the genera diminution in returns. It is certain
that a diminution to one half has taken place
and in the
eruse of
new clothing the past year, and the drapers' mcers'
returns have fallen in that proportion. The business of
pawnhroking is pressed by unusual efforts to get advances,
and never was in so peculiar and critical a state. Sales of
second-hand domestic furniture and superfluities are greater
than I ever remember. It results theta fourth of the manu-
facturing work.peoplc are bordering on destitution,—many
of them are without any means of subsistence whatever.
The parties just above the working people, as clerks,
small shopkeepers, overlookers, persons who put out work,
and suchlike, are in reality suffering even more than the un-
employed artimns they have had a position, which is NS.
sibly and rapidly eliding from under them, in spite of wiry
effort to maintain it. I know that many such are oloWet
broken-hearted.
The clerk of the Nottingham union says :
There is one feature of the present distress in which it
distinguished from previous visitations; namely, the clam*
just above the poor ar.d the middle dames (1 know not where
the line should be drawn), are suffering to a far greater ex-
tent than formerly. Shopkeepers, small tradesmen, and
publicans, are already, to a considerable extent, reduced to
the verge of annihilation, and more apparently wealthy per-
sons are in great difficulties.
Here is further proof of the same position obtained
by a dissenting clergyman in Nottingham:
I have consulted six-different persons on the two paints
alluded to in your note ; of whom three are collectors of
weekly rents, two are in situations which place them in fre-
quent contact with the lower classes, and one inteni.
gent lace manufacturer. All agree with me in the opinion,
which I expressed to you in conversation, that the distress
which has prevailed recently has been principally felt by the
lowest part of the middle, and the upper part of the lowest
dames; but the majority of them appear to think that, upon
the whole, the lowest classes some, generally speaking,
suffered so great privations as in former periods of com-
mercial stagnation.
All this te-simony proves that the distress is not
only more severe than usual, hut that it has continued
for a period beyond all former experience, and is

prevalent among persons of a better also, andby whom
applicidon for relief would be attended with feelings
of the deepest shame.
The question remains, what is VS be done? If it
den be proved, as we believe is quite_ossible, that
this state of things is not confined to pottingham—
manufacturi
that in the ng parishes of the metropolis
itself there is and has been for. some time quite as
rest a pressure, it really seems essentially necessary
that the government of the country should see to it.
One molt intelligent correspondent of Mr. WRIGHT'S,
MT. c
.RWELL, manufacturer at Carrington, writes to
hint as followsa :
Various opinions are entertained by the people as to the
causes of their distress ; but the greater number, if not the
whole of them, believe that the government and parliament
have it in their power to adopt measures of relief ; and they
do not hesitate to exress this belief Th consider them-
ressed, andp would be glad of almost any change,
selves opp
believing that their condition could not be made worse, but
would most probably be improv Al by it.
To permit opinions of this sort to obtain and to ex-
tend themselves cannot be safe to the country and the
state ; aud it is therefore that we take the opportunity
he recess presents to bring the subject under
which t
notice, and to press urgently the importance of its

FRANCE.

PARIS, SATURDAY, 6 P.M.
The elections, which will commence to-morrow and
terminate on Tuesday throughout the entire extent
this great country, are the subject of conversation in
all circles to-day. I have conversed with many of the
candidates for the departments, and with other poli-
tical personages who have lately visited them. 'The
opinions entertained by these unanimously as tothe
probable result of the elections is, that an immense
majority of the assembly s ill support moderate re-
publicanism, and will vote for a constitution in which
property and intelligence will exercise their legiti- '
mate influence. In. one department, at a meeting of
the electors, all discussion was resolved into the ques-
tion, categorically pat, whether the policy represented
by Lamartine or that of which Ledru Rollin is the
type should be supported ? The decision was made
in favors of Lamartine, with only one dissentient
voice.
A leading deputy cf the opposition of the ex-
chamber tells me that ho does not believe, from pre-
sent appearances, that the party represented bz
Ledru Rollin and Louis Blanc will have 100 votes i
the assembly.
The proclamation of the Provisional Government
respecting the manifestation of Thursday, which
sent you last night, appears in the Muniteur and
other Paris journals of this morning.
From the reports circulated under the authority of
the government here, it appears that when I estimated
the total number of men under arms on Thursday in
the capital at 330,000, I was under the mark •, it is
stated that the number actually amounted to 400,000.
Great offence, I understand, has been taken by those
legions who were the latest in defiling, in consequence
of the members of the Provisional Government having
left the amphitheatre at the Barrier de l'Etoile before,
they arrived, so that they had to salute their empty 1
seats. The last legion did not defile till near 11 o'clock.
By the weekly balance-sheet of the Bank of France,
which we publish to-day, it will be seen that,
on the asset side, the metallic reserve of the Bank has
again diminished, being about 3,600,000 f. lees than
last week ; of this sum the falling off is about
2,000,000 f. for the Paris establishment, and 1,600,000 f.
for the branch banks. The amount of overdue bills
shows an increase of upwards of 5,200,000 f. The
Bank appears to go on steadily circumscribing its
amount of discount business, as the bills becoming due
in the Paris establishment are less by nearly 11
16,000,000 f. than the week before ; in the branch I
banks there is, however, an increase of nearly I
7,000,000 f., which leafs the actual diminution at 11
9,000,000 E On the aide of the liabilities, the notes in',
circulation continue to increase ; in the Paris esta-
blishment the augmentation has been 4,200,000 f., bat
in the branch banks there is a diminution of abut',
500,000 f., leaving the bona fine increase at 3,700,dim000E11
The aecount-current of the treasury has again i-i
nished about 7,100,0001., while those of private per- I,
sons have also fallen off 2,300,000 f. The whole of
the metallic reserve at present amounts to 88,600,000E1
against 3t5,000,000r. of notes in circulation.
The late government had ordered the Minos
steamer to be repaired and armed, and sent as a pre-
sent to the Bey of Tunis. The Provisional Govern-
ment has confirmed this order, and she will soon be
sent to Tunis.
The following are the forces which took part in the
demonstration of Thursday :-12 legions of the 1
national guard, some of them of from 20,000 to
25,000 men ; 1 legion of cavalry of national guard ;
4 legions of the Banlieue, with their cavalry and ar-
tillery ; 25 battalions of garde mobile ; republican
guard (horse and foot) ; the sapeurs pompiers ' . the
national workmen ; the 28th, 29th, 31th, 45th, 69th,
and 74th of the line; the Ist, 77th, 11th, 12th, 18th
21st, 23rd, 25th, light infantry ; Ist carabineers ; Ist,
2od, and 3rd cuirassiers ; 2nd and Bth dragoons ; 9th
hussars lancers •, 6th, Bth, and 9th artillery ; several
liregiments of the army; some complete, of others de-
tachments.
The barracks of the capital are now
occupied, one half by the line, the other half by the
garde mobile.
A letter from Toulon of the 17th says:—" In con-
sequence of instructions received from Paris the
squadron of the Mediterranean, commanded by Vice-
Admiral Baudin, left the anchorage of the Isles
d'llyi!res, and set sail towards the coast of Italy.
This squadron is composed of the Friedland, a three
decker, carrying the vadmiral commanding ; the
Ocean, three-decker ; the Souverain, three-decker ;
the Inflexible, the J upiter, the Jena ; the steam-frigates
Asrnodee and Panama ; and the steam corvette, the
Pluton."
The expenses incurred and paid by the Northern
Railway Co. since the 22d Feb. to yesterday (says
the Debuts) amount to 7,500,000 f., 7,000,000 f. of
which have been in wages to workmen and labourers.
This HUM is equal to 155,000 f. for each workin
wag day,
or, taking 4f. a day as the average pay, to thewages i
of nearly 40,000 men.
The Bishop of Chalons has addressed the following
letter, dated the 19th, to the Minister of Public In-
struction and Worship:
Monsieur le Idinistre,-1 am informed by the Bishop of
Solemn', that Citizen Menuesson, commissary of the• Prov-
isional Government, in the department of the Aisne, has just
, interdicted or dismissed two cure's of that diem., by his own
11
tbeoherghenreois,;,ld:wbiniutht:l:Pawanreciafe
1 authority ; one, because he did not please some persons; the
other, because he refused ecclesiastical burial to a man who
' had committed suicide. I abstain from making any reflection
tTlihteseiraperisewofnertheinco.
dwaonhdtehnteht
beg
~r
,wyha
tstiehl e..atlwi
hobuffm known.wthi 1 l bthe
etes
tru:ciphfiue dmwejacnt.
a, ni
nduaimenryceo, faninddilgnsinatinoont will
prised that they hava been szpulaid with shame, as we have
n:u6suntryY ;is
seen in ,ome places. I unite, Monsieur le Ministre, with all
the bishops, in protesting with all my strength against such
abuses of power, which hithtrto have been unexampled.
This one i- the height of estravagance and impiety ;
l alsl
bounds have been exce. ded ; and all my diocese denaimi
that justice shall be rendered.
M. Breuil, an avocat, has been appointed second
Isectary of legation of the rec in London, an
M.soulnge Bodin, ex -consul p
atubli Nlogadore, to a simid-
lar post at Madrid.
M. Sarda-Garriga has been appointed receiver of
finances in Paris in the place of M. Delamarre, who
was recently deprived of the appointment.
An address has been sent to the Provisional Go-
vernment by the Society of Political Economy, having
for its object to protest against the suppression of the
chair of political economy instituted at the College of
France in 1831.
The Place de la Victoire being found too small for
the purpose, the 3rd legion of the national guard was
reviewed to-day by the Provisional Government in
the Place Vendome. All the members of the go-
vernment were present except MM. Louis Blanc,
Flocon, and Albert.
Last evening an interesting spectacle was presented
at the Cafe de la Itotonde in the Palais Royal, where
from 400 to 500 national guards entertained an equal
number of soldiers of the line, each pledging the other
glass in hand, in the presence of numerous spectators,
who applauded this manifestation with enthusiasm.
I learn that a serious attack on the freedom of
election has occurred at Rouen. All lists of candi-
dates which do not include the name of the govern-
ment commissary and of the partisans of, the demo-
cratic club are torn from the walls by bands of men in
blouses. On the 21st the aspect of the Place St.
Ouen was so menacinag that tis
he natal guard was
obliged to take arms, s well as theular troops,
and serious disturbances were apprehended to-day.
Several provincial cities have d.ecided to place the
bust of Lamartine, instead of that of Louis Philippe,

The Madrid mails of the 17th have arrived.
The Herald() denier positively that the journey of the
Duke and Duchess of Montpensier to Aranjuez has
any cause such as that we have already assigned;
that it is entirely spontaneous on their part, and that
they will return to Madrid to take leave of the royal
family, before leaving for Andalusia. The Duke and
Duchess had left.

GERMANY.
TILE REPUBLICANS OF BADEN—PROPOSED
DEMONSTRATION IN BERLIN.
BADEN.—The latest accounts respecting the Ger-
man republicans come down to the evening of the
18th. The advanced troops (if such they may be
called) of the republicans under Hecker entered
Waldshut on that day. They were to be followed by
the main body via St. Maitre. The military were im-
mediately despatched to the Huningen bridges. The
republicans were in expectation of receiving rein-
forcements from Switzerland. The greater portion of
the so-called lake district is already occupied with
Wurtemberg and Bavarian troops. It appears by the
Carlsruhe Gazette that Ifecker's partisans amount to
about 6,000 men. The Baden troops had taken pos-
session of the passes leading to the liollenthal. The
I greater portion of Hecker's partisans are armed only
with seithes. Numerous troops have arrived in
Donaueschingen. Some partial collisions have
already taken place, and several persons
have been killed. It appears that the people
on the line of passage of the republican
troops are in the greatest state of excitement, and
that they are in doubt (at least so states the
Fronkfarter Journal) whether it would be better
for them to oppose the republicans or to join them.
Hecker arrived on the 17th at Leuzkirch with 1,300
men, two cannons, and several baggage waggons.
An attempt has been made to bring about a pacific
settlement of the question ; considerable excitement
still prevails in Carlsruhe and Mannheim. A bat-
talion of Hessians arrived at the former place on the
16th. According to the Deutsche &stung of Heidel-
berg, the republicans were stationed on the 18th
between Bonndorf and Freiburg. It was fully ex-
pected that a collision would take place on that day
between them and the military.
'The trains have ceased running from Carlsruhe to
the Baden Oberland.
Other accounts respecting the number of the re-
publicans set them down at 3,300 under Hecker, in-
cluding 600 sharpshooters and 3 field-pieces; 1,300
under Siegel, and about 2,000 under Struve—alto-
gether 7,000 men. This force (adds the Friburg cor-
respondent of the Frankfurter Journal) is consider-
ably increasing. The Constance Seeblatter fully
confirms the intelligence of the proclamation of a
republic in Constance.
The Frankfurter Journal states, in a Mann-
heim correspondence of the 19th (evening), that
Hecker had advanced from Switzerland with 3,000
men towards Constance. Struve was at Donaues-
chingen, with 200 men. It appears that Herr Peter,
who has been nominated governor of Constance by
the republicans, has proclaimed the republic there.
Lt. Siegel, another republican leader, is at the head
of 1,300 men.
'The rails on the line between Friburg and Offen-
bach have been broken up by the people, who, in
the latter place, erected barricades, which, however,
they removed when the soldiers threatened to make
use of their firearms.
Herr Welcker, the well-known liberal member of
the Baden Diet, has published a letter warmly con-
demning the republican movement of the German
legion in Switzerland, and of the German corps that
left Paris.
PRUSSIA.—Our Cologne po correspondent writes as
follows, dating April 21 The primary elec-
tors of Germany have already commenced their
meetings, in order to take steps for choosing
the electors in the second degree, charged with
the electing of the candidates for the Diet.
An important demonstration was to have been made
yesterday in the Prussian capital in favour of the
direct mode of election, and consequently the doing
awawith the electors in the second degree. Before
I left Berlin I attended a very numerous public meet-
ing, at which a popular election committee was ap-
pointed, in order to take measures for obtaining the
direct mode of election. That committee sent a deputa-
tion to the president of the council, but the latter
declared that the government could not accede to the
wishes of the committee on the point in question.
This reply was notified to another popular assembly
a few days ago, and it was again resolved, notwith-
standing the prospect or threats held out of a dissolution
of the ministry,in case the demand referred to should
be persevered in, to go in procession on Thursday
(yesterday) to the palace, and send in again a depu-
tation to Herr Camphausen in favour of direct elec-
tion. It must be added that, after the first reply of
that minister, several members of the committee re-
signed, as they entertained the conviction that the
government would not yield.
P.S. Up to post hour, we have no intelligence here
I of the way in which the proposed popular demonstra-
tion passed off yesterday in Berlin. The ministers
I have officially declared that the intended procession
to the palace would be illegal, and that they look
They
it san attempt to intimidate the authorities.
They have, moreover, authorised the head of the
police, Herr Von Minutoli, and the commander of the
civic guard, to oppose such a demonstration by all the
means in their power. In their letter to the com-
mander of the civic guard, ministers state that they
ary resolved not to allow the intended demonstration
to be made, and express the hope that the civic guard
will uphold the laws and firmly maintain public
order. All this is ominous, when the determined
character of the Prussian ultra-liberals is taken into
account. Several addresses in favour of maintaining
the present indirect mode of election have been re-
ceived by the government, amongst others a numer-
ously signed one from one of the metropolitan dis-
tricts The Cologne Gazette of this night (or rather
of to-morrow) gives an account of the intrigues of
the retrograde party in the provinces of Prussia, and
remarks that it is essentially necessary to take severe
and impartial measures against both reactionists and
revolutionists.
Gen. Von Willisen and Lieut.-Gen. VJlllVedell have
issued two contmdictoryproclamations, one declaring
that there are no more assemblages of armed Poles,
and the other asserting that there are armed carps in
various parts, who commit great excesses against per-
sons and property. It appears, moreover, that Gen.
'Von Colomb ha.a resolved to have recourse to arms in
order to put down the Poles. A serious riot broke
out at Breslau on the evening of the 17th.
The three days' armistice chiefly agreed to between
the Danes and the Germans expired on the 19th.
It is positively asserted here that serious disturb-
ances occurred yesterday in Berlin."
HANOVER.—A recent attempt to create dis-
turbances at Hildesheim (Hanover) was put down
by the timely arrival of numerous troops. Barri-
cades had been already formed in the streets, but
they were remuved by the populace, during the half

UNITED STATES- MEXICO.

A splendid new steam-ship, called the United
States, commanded by Captain Hacketaff, arrived
at Liverpool on Saturday with dates from New
York to the Bth instant Before entering the
Mersey, the passengers resolved on a complimentary
address to the captain. The dates from Mexico are
to the 21st. The only news there was that on ac-
count of fresh difficulties between Generals Scott and
Worth, Mr. Trist would remain as a witness in Mex-
ico. Further than this the American papers contain
nothing newer than was given by us in the news per
Caledonia. General Scott will leave Mexico for the
United States as soon as the court of inquiry adjourns.
Up to the 25th (the last date from Vera Cruz)
Santa Anna, though expected, had not arrived. Gs-
neral Paredes had appeared at San Luis Potosi on
the 3rd of March with the object of making a promm-
clement°, but failed.
The Washington had arrived out, and her news,
comprising as it did all those revolutionary event*
which created such astonishment here, viz., from
Austria, Prussia, and France, was looked upon as
calculated to impair confidence and prevent the re.
sumption of regular industry.
John Jacob Astor's will is published in the New
York papers. It disposes of property amounting to
about twenty millions of dollars. fhe New York
Herald complains of his having omitted to leave the
town of New York a larger sum than that of half a
million for a public library.
The Courier and Enquirer says :
The condition of the country continues Sound and lime-
roue. United States 6 per cent. stock rates above par, as do
treasury notes, of which sales are made at from
the n 1011 to Iloan.
02.
The treasury has not yet issued any) roposals Mrnew
The receipts of cotton at the ports have been very large sines
our publication of the 25th ult., larger than in the same is-
terv.il of any of the last three years, and the exports both to
Great Britain and France have been very heavy. If sifs
may advert to so trilling a question as the prob file extent
of the crop, we will say that we presume few will now be
there w doubt the correctness of our former op.nion, that
there was a great prMability of 2,300,000 h&c, being
reached. F, am the nature of the accounts per steamer
Washington, it now appears probable that. we may see a
lower range of prices on this side than for many veers past,
and that planters may be almost compelled to hold a part
of their cotton until affairs are more settled in Europe.
Pricer, in this market have fallen materially. What decline
the Washington will MAC it is difficult to predict. In the
impossibility of giving quotations at present, we will merely
say that middling qualities are about 61 cents and par
about 7 or 71 cents per lb. In breadstuffs little is doing*
the tendency of prices being eownward. Western ants
flour may be quoted at 6 60 dole. per bbl. ; wheat, 140 to
152 cents per bushel ; Indian corn, 62 to 66 cents. Bk
change ruled at 109.
(For markets see fourth page.)
their