The Express.
London, England, 1851-04-07 00:00:00

SWITZERLAND.

A great part of the French refugees who resided
in the Canton of Vaud, were at Mane on April 1.
They came to petition the federal government to
withdraw its decree of the 27th ult., which ordered
them to quit Switzerland, hut their request has not
been attended to. Sonic difficulties have, however,
arisen as to the direction to be given to these rein-
gem in order to shelter them from all the inconve-
niences caused by their position as regards the coun-
tries adjoining Switzerland, which refuse them a
passage. Nevtiations have consequently been en-
tered into for sending them by the Rhine to Belgium,
from whence they will proceed to England.

SPAIN.

MADRID, Arm 1

The 'proposition of M. Milian Alonzo, as to the
'settlement of the debt, has been read in the Chamber
of Ihputies, and will, it is believed, be supported by
a certain number of votes, although likely to be
definitively rejected. It is in terms that "the
Chamber, after having examined the general budget
of the state, having regard to the reductions made in
the budget of expenditure, and the result of its com-
parison with that of the receipts and the permanent
means exhibited, will occupy itself behim every
other business with examining and discussing the
project tin• the settlement of the debt presented by
the Queen's government." The president of the
council read tu-day two projects of law, the one on
the tariff and the other on the importation of iron.
The (!addle will publish the text of these projects
to-morrow. It is expected that the discussion on the
nport of the committee for the settlement of the
debt will conunence on the 3rd inst.

rAIIIS, SiTrllnalt EvEXING.
Rumours have prevailed lately of preparations for
an moth., to come oft' at the end of next week. The
preeauthms taken by the government and the fre-
quent patrols give sinny colour to the reports on thin
subject. The Bourne, however, as as rather better
to-1
1w announcements recently made concerning the
formation of a definitive cabinet under the auspices
of M. Itarcwhe assumed to-clay a more formal
e haracter. and it was current in the Assembly that
the new ministry would be in other before the expira-
tion of another week.
The committee on the Municipal Bill has taken an
important recolution relative to the appointment of
mayors. The for and left proposed that the
mayors should be appointed by the municipal coun-
cils. The goe e noticed desired the maintenanec of the
legislatiou of Is:11, which leaves the appointment o;
the nutvors in the hands of the executive ismer.
The latter propos. ition was thrown out by a huge
' majocity, nod tt was decided that mayors should be
appointed by election. 'the question as to the mode
of election, whether by the municipal council or by
the elector* at Liege. was adjourned to the next sit-
ting. If the litaVOr refuses to comply with the pre-
wriplion* of the law, the prefect is empowered to
appoint a delegate to carry such measures into exe-
cution. Milton Barrot &sired that mayors who
declined to execute the lass should be slifijected to
penalties; tlw question of responsibility was, how-
ever, adjourned.
The --lsoctieb!., Notemitie reports that M. Odillon
Barrot was present yesterday at a conferene: at the
I.:lrce. Thieseems, to say the least.doubtful. although
the l 'oneitnti.,i acihas quite dropped the tditAlsit c time
it hail adopter' towards that statesman.
The bureaux of the Assembly have appointed a committee
to es ;mine the proposition of MM. de Ranee and de . --
Libonte on the completion of the Chalon and Avignon I _____
Railway. The debate in mo-t of the bureaux was BOSNIA.
eery animated. Several opinions were espreeseil. The I •
The rnedmonlese Ga.--rtte gives the following par-
mcmhcic of the Mountain in general and several members'
ticulars concerning the insurrection of Bosnia. On the 4th
par-
e the moderate party were in favourer the execution by the
ult., the Anmuts who garri-uned the town and csetli• of
state. M.
an tiarticuLarly said, that under present
situated at the conflux of the Verbae and Milo,
crcumetance., and with the eventualith s that might here- . J4Be•
abandoned it to the insurgents, together with a large quan-
slier arise. the elate ought not to hesitate to units nuke it
the construction of the railway ; without brine a eyetematic Lily of ammunition and provisions it contained. The in-
surfeit, hell Uhl men in Jajee, under the command if
*ippon. nt to companies. he declared that in his lopluiou none
Sala Kapie; the reinainder of their force, amounting ti
could otfi r eattieient securities, and that moreuvsr it would
3,r00 men, marched in the direction of Skopje, under the
of Onier Aga Ilassamagin. But soon alter a
be ca-y for the state, with the present proceeds of the ran-
way. which amount to six millions. anal which may amount "ler`hiP
body of regular troops arrived before Jajes'. A battle en.
later t• . murtern millions from l'aris to Lyonsunlv.t.i contract
sued which lasted four hours; the rebels were forced back
la loan. The propoeition of MM. de Bann.", and de Laborde
was defended with some moilitieations by a great number into the town, after having sustain .d a loam of 40 men, be' I
',bowie, morep,a re . sides GO wounded. Omer Aga, who hail not yet pcieded
of members. amongst others M.M. its
far, immediately turned back. and other reinforcement* I
Ihno, and Chapot. M. Sinn decked that he approved the
proposition because it was opposed to companies. It was
generally thought that the committee should not onle reu-
numbered no less than 15,000 men on the 12th. Ale Kedie,
niter tic prup.wition of MM. de Ranee and de Labord;•, but
all the antecedent propositions as the Lyons Railway. The .
committee are MM. Dufaure, Fenny, de Laboulie, Morellet, jaluka'
Berryer, Sinews, de la itochette. Cronin. Labeul, Chapel,
arriving from lanjaluka, the insurgent force. at Jain
who is at the head of the insurrection, has ordered the
whole province to rise in anus, and send men to Dan.
Bain, Dufouniel, de Ranee. and de Vogue.
You may remember that when M. Berner brought for- . i
ward his proposition fur reimbutsing the 43 et ntinu s tax of
1818, by the proceeds of a it tax, the Mountain presented :
a counter-motion fur the reimbursement of the indemnity of
One milliard of francs paid to the ttniyris in 1a2.1. The i
committee's report on this motion, just distributed. dwells
upon the iniwhief of ripping up old subjects of irritation, I
and oreupying the time of the Assembly to no purpose but
dissension. and recommend. the reaction of the motion.
Some alarm has been created at St. bermains arc a area'
of the partisans of the Dnke of Bordeaux. The whole town

A duel has taken place, with swords, between MM.
Madoz. and Mora, in consequence of a dispute in the
Chamber of Deputies, in which M. Mmloz was
slightly wounded iu the head.
The debate un the bill fur the settlement of the
debt will open on the 3rd instant. Two bills, one uu
tariffs, and the other on the importation of iron, have
been read in the chambers.

ITALY.
ROMAN STATES.

Our correspondent state, in his letter of the 31st
nit , that Mr. Moore. the British consul at Ancona,
had paid the compensation demanded by the Austrian
man.oTwar Phenix for the accidental collision with
the Albert. The Tuscan minister does not appear
likr ly to cunre.4l in the olthet of his mission.
Exchange on London. 1.141.

firing then commenced by us, nail only lasted ohout ten.
minute:. We then searched the house, and found all sorts
ROM COLLEGE OF SERGEONS.—The following; of trash, and outside a bundle of assegais, and one that
gentlemen having undergone the necessary examinations, , had been thrown by them. After remaining there until
were admitted members of the college on the 4th inst. l2 o'clock, I started in the direction of the Kowie
Messrs. E. Sullivan, Dublin . • H. C. Brakyn, Dublin ; I:caving ten men to watch the house. I could see nothing
H. W. Bucknell, Rugby; J. S. Shillingford, Greenwich; m that direction, and returned about sunrise, having been
E. S. Watson. Co:moneU, Ayrshire • . J. G. Russell, Dudley; .n the saddle the whole time. On my return to the house,
H. Seatic, Ulverstone ; T. 11. Cresswell, Folkestone ; the sergeant reported that about 2 o'clock his sentry. gave
S. J. F. Stafford, Northfivet ; G. W. Sanderson, Canada; the alarm, and that they saw two Kaffirs coming in the
G. J. Mitchinson, Carriugtoa. Lincolnshire; W. D. Have, direction of the house. They fired sit shots, but without
Callington, Cornwan ; and J. W. Tracy,sAracia-road, Re. erect. I searched the place, and found one Kaffir lying
cut;r3s:p6i.rle.
.At
for
rhase
vcaolusrt , Mar.. across
had itotl:elartodeuntepath,,aLdaalso the
had n spoor hoeurte twouotatuttel
wcor

SC veridother spoors we could not follow up. I then re-

turned home.
I haw...,

AMERICA.
The Royal Mail steamer Asia, Captain Judkins,
arrived in the MerMev on Saturday night, after ac-
complishing the quickest voyage ever made between
New York and Liverpool.
The Asia lett New York at noon on the 24th ult.,
and arrived off 1 toly heud at ono o nSuturday afternoon,
land it' the state of the tide had permitted would have
• . .

T. Sn•nu:.
Field.Coinmandant.

•
To Major Burnaby, Commandant.
During the night of Feb:l about seventy head of
cattle were taken by Kaffirs from the farm of Mr. G.
Palmer, ('yphcr Fontein, about two miles N.W. of
Graham's Town. No assistance could be aftbrded by
the authorities, hut a party of about twenty-five
volunteers started on the next (Sunday) morning in
pursuit, which was continued till the next day, with-
out, however, recapturing the cattle or overtaking
the marauders. This failure is attributable to the
swollen state of the Fish River, which it was found
impossible to ford, but which must have come down
after the cattle had been got through, as their spoor
could be distinctly seen scrambling up the opposite
bank.
Mr. Ferreira, one of the Albany field-cornets, ar-
rived at Graham's Town on February 3, and made
his official report of two very spirited alfairs,in which
the men from his hulger at Faber's kraal, near Mr.
Pohl's camp, had distinguished themselves.
Mr. Ferreira (says the Graham's Town Journal, detailing
these affairs) is under an engagement with the civil com-
missioner to patrol a portion of the Bar-road, and in the
execution of this duty be left his camp on Saturday morning,
the Ist inst., about eight o'clock, at the head of tour
mounted burghers and seven Hottentots, anal took the
direction of Brookhuisen's Poort. When at Hartebeeste
Pad, he detached the Hottentots to reconnoitre in one
direction, whilst he, with the mounted party, went in
another. They had nut been long divided, Wheat a smart
firing was heard front the Hottentots, and on riding
to the place whither they had been ordered. Mr. Ferreira
fiaund the brave fellows retiring with forty-eight
head of eattle in their possession, and on being called
upon to state what led to their good fortune, the men
said that on reaching some rough ground in Brook-
huisen's Poort, they were assailed by a party of nineteen
Kattirs, who kept up a brisk fire as to compel them
to seek shelter in the bush, and in seeking cover they dis-
covered the cattle there secreted. This circumstance in-
spired them with hopes of capture, and gave an additional
spur to their courage. The engagement now became
general, and. after two hours' hard fighting, the Hottentots
remained masters of the field, the Katfirs having decamped,
leaving one of their number dead, rind carrying off three
apparently severely woundad. The affair is graphically
deraribed by the victors, who represent the ground ns lacing
broken and rugga d, with numbers of kraut:ass (rocks) afford-
ing shelter to the enemy, who dispersed in skirmishing order,
and kept up a galling tire from all quarters, except from
the bush. which the Hottentots maintained as a Menet.
in their rear. When the Katfirs began to slacken their
tire, the Hottentots rushed upon them, and an ani-
' nutting scene ensued, eaelt party leaping front rock to
ruck, anal firing like sharpshooters when a good chance
presented itself. When the Hottentots had effectually
driven back and defeated the Kaffir+, they ',might out the
booty, and were driving them towards Mr. Ferreira's place
when met by him. The cattle were however immediately
sent on to the camp, and a mounted force of 12 men, some
of them from each of the previous parties, set off in pursuit
of the dispersed Kattirs. Pushing forward at full gallop,
they speedily reached S-Iwyn-bridge, anal about 1,000
yards above that place they espied seven Kafir running
fur the bush. These they endeavoured to intercept, and
rode up the breast of the hill until the acclivity became
WO steep fur the horses to pnweed, anal throwing the
bridles over the animals heads, the party dismounted,
and a spirited chase on foot now commenced. Fortune
still continued proud nous, and the Burghers firing
with Loper soon began to tell. Mr. Ferreira's eldest sOll,
Ignatius,fired upon one Kaffir at a distance of only 40 yards,
giving him two charges of loopers. Still lae got up and ra.t
off, but the last shot struck hint whilst standing on the edge
of some rocks, over which he tumbled, anal ended his career

entered the river early in the evening, but it hying
impossible for her to come over the bar, the attend-
ant steamer Satellite was sent down to her and re-
turned at about ten o'clock with the mails and pas-

bengero, about 110 in number.
The stunner Franklin, which left Cowes on the

Ath ult., arrived nt New York on the 22nd, and tho
steamer Arctic from Liverpool on the same dayurrived
next morning; the Franklin thus proving herself
the better Nailer. The Asia has brought 100,000/.

specie and freight.
The United States news by this arrival is not of
striking importance. There had been two arrivals
from California by the steamers Ohio and Pro-
metheus. The Ohio brought from Chagres the Cali-
fornia mails, and 300,001) dots, in gold dust. Sho
has also 150 passengers and 25,1HN) dots. in min, on
freight front New Orleans. The British mail steamer
Clyde was at Chagres when the Ohio left, and the
Conway nt Kingston on the 11th from St. Thomas
and sailed same day for Vera Cruz. The Pro-
metheus brought 323 pahSCIIMAII and about half a
million dollars worth of gold dust. The dates by
these arrivals arc to Feb. 13. The legislature Waal

to meet in joint committee on the lith,-for the pur-
pose of electing n United States Pc Hato'. in place of
Colonel Fremont whose term of otliee expired on the

4th of March.
The accounts from 0:Id Bluff do not confirm the

flattering statements which have been made of tho
mineral wealth of that region. The gold is hound
among the sand in particles so small that it cannot
he separated by the ordinary process of washing, nor
can mining be conducted to advantage in any part of
that locality except by the aid of machinery.
The legislature have voted to remove the seat of
government of Vallejo.
The military expedition against the Indians de-
parted tir their campaign on the 12th of February.
Rumours were prevalent of new depredatious your-
witted by the savages.
A shocking murder was committed out the ChagTes
River about the last of February. The victims were
eleven persons, passengers on hoard the steamship
Empire City from New York, eight men. two women
and a child. AY SOOll us the filets were known, a
public meeting of the American citizens at l'anama
was held, in order to take measures ffir the appre-
hension of the murderers. Four persons have been
captured, against whom there is supposed to ha strung
evidence of guilt.
It was reported at San Francisco that a difficulty
had arisen between the commander of the French
frigate Sericuse and the government of the Sandwich
Islands. Ile demanded the payment of 25,040 duds.
us a commutation ha customs alleged to have liven
collected contrary to treaty obligations. The King
refused to accede to this claim, and threw himself on
the protection of Great Britain and the Cuited
States. Upon this the French commander landed
his men at Honolulu, where, it is said, he constantly
marches them through fie• town, and has prevented
several Hawaiian vessels from proceeding to sea.
'the ads ices from Port-au-Prince are to the ::rd of
March. Affairs were generally quiet. A number of
arrests have been made by the government since the
detection at the late conspiracy. The troops are kept
on the march, with a view to their separation. A
commission of four persons Nis been appointed to
confer with the American. French, and English eOll •
Sala ill regard to the condition of things at the east-
ern part of the island. There were no American
vessels of war at Port-au-Prince. Coffee was becom-
ing more abundant in the market.
Three persons have been arrested in Havana for
having the proclamations of Lopez in their liabliellaiUlL
It is supposed they will be sent to Spun.
Several eases of ship fever had .oecurred among the
troops, which led to the report that the cholera had
again appeared.
Our dates from Mexico reach to the 22nd of
February. The administration of Arista is the sub-

of robbery and crime. Two other Katlirs were likewise
shot, and two more wounded—making three killed and
the wounded in the two affairs: a total of eight, or nearly
half the original party hors de combot. The Hottentots and
Burghers tired about 20 rounds of ammunition each, and
kept following up the retreating Kaffirs until the approach
of night, and their horses now being far in the rear, this
brave and Title band returned, having been fighting at
intervals during the whole slay.
The Kaftirs bud each of them muskets, apparently new,
and loaded with cartridge, as they could be distinctly seen,
whilst the tight was going tan, biting off the ends and ram-
ming down the charge. Each of them had also live assegais.
They wore provided with loose powder also, but on search-
ing the bodies of the slain it was found that their ammuni-
tion was nearly exhausted. Their guns were not taken,
beranse, falling by the sides of the COlUr MICA, the arms were
pirked up, or otherwise the :470., and bush prevented their
being seen in the hurry of the tight, in the first instance, or
by the waning light at the close of the struggle. Incidents
ore here mentioned that make it probable these robbers
might have possessed thernaelvea of the Sidbury sauti i iiii i
lion. They are not taken to he colonial Kaffir*, as they
were smeared with red clay. Each was wearing a new
' blanket. In the pouches of the dead were Mund rein*,
pork, tobacco, tinder-bomw, bullets, &e, One of them con-
tained a sixpence.
At night, after the engagement, three Kaffir; went to
Mr. Ferreira'* place to spy, and were fired upon by the
Hottentot guard, and one 4.f thou wounded.
Too much praise cannot be awarded to this gallant party.
Good results ensue from these encounters—the Katfirs find
themselves hunted out, and cannot hit upon a resting place.
They tell their comrades the tale, and the locality where
they have been so severely punished is regarded with terror
anti carefully avoided. The parties concerned deserve well
of their country for their staunchness and intrepidity, and
we have only to wish that all who may have the same
opportunities may " go and do likewise."
The cattle belonging to Mr. Jeremiah Long andothers, at
Jakins' laager, and have been returned to shat place. The
Hottentots received an ox as a reword, on which to regale
themselves after their arduous fight. Au applieation has
Ix en made for rations for those Hottentots, and will be for-
warded to the governor with a favourable recommendation.
and accompanied by u report of this affair.
SALEM.
Front this place we have the following:
On Friday last the Kaflirs carried off a few oxen front the
Bechuanas, at Farmerfield, which the latter instantly re-
took, the Kaffirs escaping to the bush. No shots were ex-
changed. Not being aware of the strength of the Kaffirs,
the Beehuanas sent out a party last night to aoeertaiu if tires
were to be seen. Our fire being observed in a dense bush,
a small party of Bechuanns ..pproaelnal quietly, but saw
only two Kutfirs, on whom they instantly sprang, killing
one with their knob-keeris, while the other escaped. The
Beehuanas took from the person of the dead Kaffir a good
musket, about one pound of powder, ten bullets, n good
blanket, &e. Two Kitties and a Hottentot absconded from
the service of Mr. Jeremiah Long last week. Their spoor
has been found at Mr. Hill's garden and house, where they
did some damage to the poultry, &e. Two Kaffir spoors
have been noticed leading towards Webber's place, on the
Kerreiga. A few Kaffir* have been seen in the neighbour-
hood of Keulder's place.—[ahrst probably the marauders
who are accounted fur by Commandant Stubbs.—Ed.
Graham's Touts Journal.]

SECESSIONS.—The Rev. R. Ward, M.A., of Otiel
College, and formerly vicar of St. Saviour's, Lteds,"and the
Rev. O. Crawley, M.A., thrmerly of Christ Church, and
late curate of St. Saviour's, leads, have been just received
into the Roman catholic church at Oseot. The number of
members of Oxford University whu have seceded amounts
tu 91.

ject of general complaint. His firmness is called in
question by many, who assert that he is under the
influence of irresponsible favourites. A warm dis-
cussion is anticipated in the Senate on the subject
of the resent diplomatic nominations. They have
found zealous opponents, who maintain that the ap-
pointments are needless. and will subject the Trea-
sury to un unwarrantable expense. The present
minister to England, Senor Facie, retains his °Mee.
his course is approved by Payne, who was desig-
nated for that mission, but has aceepted the office of
Secretary of Legation. The government are adopt-
ing stringent measures for the preservation of order.
An act of the legislature of Queretaro, introducing
the Jesuits into the state, has been declared uncon-
stitutional by congress.
The State of Durango is in a distressing condition.
The high road from Mar.atlau to the mines is in the
possession of tlw Indians. There is no money in the
treasury, and the people are in a state of great dis-
couragement.
An attempt is now on foot to admit Aguaseelientis
into the Union us a separate State. It now forms a
part of Zacatecas, and has a population of 60,000.
An editor at Puebla has been sentenced to six
months solitary imprisonment fur his freedom uf ex-
pression on political subjects.
Colonel Perella, a refugee from Guatemala, has
been arrested at Oajaca, on a charge of having been
concerned in the recent rebellion in that state.
A charter has been issued fbr the construction of a
railroad from Vera Cruz to Medellin.
One of the waggons of the freight line was at-
tacked near the city of Mexico on the 15th ult. by a
band of fifteen roblxrs, who put the military escort
to Hight and carried off' a large quantity of goods.
The apathy of the government in relation to outrages
like this, is commented on with great severity in the
Mexican journals.
Gen. La Vega is about to be removed from the
command at Tampico and placed in a higher station.
A severe shuck of an earthquake was felt at
Guerrero on the 26th of Jun.
It was reported at Brownsville, at our last dates,
that 30th Indians had crossed the Rio Grande from
Mexico into Texas. Upon the receipt of the news
a detachment of mounted infantry was sent out from
fort Ringgold to ascertain the truth of the report.
The farmers on the Rio Grande are executing
Lynch law on the bandits by whom their vicinity
is infested.
'f he Boundary Commissioners arc making progress
in their survey. The line, as now struck, is consider-
ably to the south of the present boundary of New
Mexico, as understood by the Mexicans, including a
large portion of the country that has always be-
longed to the State of Chihuahua.
Our latest &assults from Central America describe
the country as being in a very unsettled condition.
The recent defeat of the army of San Salvador by
General Carrera, led to the apprehension that he
might pursue his progress even to Truxillo. Mr.
Chatfield has published a document claiming for the
Mosquito king the territory reaching to Traxillo.
The blockading of Tigre [shield has been abandoned
by the English fleet, which has sailed toward Guate-
mala. It is stated that the inhabitants of Nicaragua
and the other Central American States look to the
United States for aid against the pretensions of Great
Britain.
The route between New York and San Francisco,
by the way of San Juan, Lake Nicaragua, and the
Bay of San Juan del Sur, on the Pacific side, will be
in complete operation in Suite. This will bring New
York within 25 days of California.
j Three of the ablest and most eminent of the Arne-
; rican editors of the last half century have died with-
; in a few days—John S. Skinner- of Philadelphia,
Isaac Hill of New Hampshire, and Mordecai M.
Noah of New York.

-- -
MUSICAL GOSSIP.—Verdi has sold the copyright
of his new opera, Bienlett*, to the well-known music pub-
lisher, Rerunli, for 30,000 f., re-serving to himself one-third
of the profits from the sale for ten years.—A young Vene-
tian prima donna, Mdlle. Croce, has made her debut at the
Apollo, in BeHsieh', and with complete etiece.ls. M.ltighieri
and Millie. Campagna are also favourably spoken ot.
SCOTTISH CENTRAL ltmr.w.tv.—The usual half-
yearly meeting of the proprietors of this railway was held
on Friday, at one o'clock, within the company's offices, at
Perth, Mr. Dundee in the chair. The chairman made a
statement in regard to the present position of the company,
its future prospect+, and its relations with other companies.
The several items in the report of any consequence were
reviewed by him striation, and a variety of details sub-
mints' to show that there had been a considerable general
increase or ttathe outing the halt-ear now past. A divi-
dend of It. per cent. on the consolidated stock was then
declared, and same routine business having been gone
through, the proceedings terminated.
TIM WM:MSG-MN MURDEItEIt-,.—CONFESSION OF
l'Avniek LY,INA.—The prisoners arc Roman catholic', and
since their condemnation the lit v. J. 11. Marshall has at-
tended them as their spiritual instructor. The male pri-
soner is anxious to have the attendance of a priest who is
able to hear his confession iu the Irish language. Both
prisoners have, since their return to Kirkdale, made a
statement which they desired should be given to the public.
I l'atrick Lyons acknowledges his own guilt, but exculpates
his wife from any participation in the crime. lie was not
instigated by jealousy. His object was to get possession of
the money which Margaret Fahy had on her person ; but
after the dreadful decal had been committed his spirit failed
him, and he had not the courage to steal the purse
from the dead body of his victim. Ile says his wife
had no knowledge of his intention to commit the mur-
der. Two or three days previous he asked his wife
. whether, if he were to kill Margaret Faits-, she would
help him. Ili. wife told him to bless 'himself, and
not let such an idea enter his head. She appeared
to think little of the remark, as if she considered
him too good-natured to contemplate seriously such an act.
lie states that on the morning of the murder he hesitated
a long time, struggling with the temptation; that on Mar-
garet Fahy coining down stairs he struck the blow with
the butcher's cleaver himself; that his wife rushed upon
him and gave him a strong push away ; that he then threat-
ened to do the same to his wife, upon which she ran up
stairs. This statement coincides exactly with that made by
the female prisoner on the day of the trial. There has been
I no communication between the prisoners since their con-
, demnation; but the account given by each agrees so accu-
rately in the most minute details that the reverend gentle-
man to whom the disclosures have been made, has no doubt
i whatever of their truth. Acting upon this belief, a repre-
, sentation of the facts of the ease, with the statements of the
prisoners, has been forwarded to Sir George Grey, in the
I hope of inducing the Home Secretary to recommend to her
I Majesty, as respects the wife, a commutation of the sentence
;of death. We sincerely trust that the appeal may be sue-
t aessful.—Liropool Mercury.

DEPRESSION IN TRADE.
(tYem the .41Ia Othfurftio, Feb. IS.)

We live on traffic and speculation—dependent on other
countries for food, and on our own soil for the medium
merely of exchange. Now we see the helplessness of our
condition. As long as the gold flowed to our towns and
cities in a steady stream, we could get bread and other
necessaries. Commerce was stimulated. Real estate and
rents went up 4.4 with an inflated paper currency. Goods,
wares, metals of every kind of foreign product, poured into
the country, and were exchanged off ut high prices, while
our precious metal was quickly taken off to the farthe,t
corners of the earth. \% e had a merry• time of it. We
paid high for our food and clothing; but gold was cheap
and plenty, and we could sell fur a higher price still. At e
hare all made fortunes at a jump. But the chilling frost
comes; a torrent tram tho Sierra Nevada sweeps away all

mit dams, and the gold in the river bottom* is
destined to remain there another year. We retreat
to the plains and gulches. Again the elements
interfere, mid the medium of etching, is not forth-
coming. In the meantime (what gold we had taken out
basing 'flown to where everything is cheaper), we are
persoal for money to pay necessary expenses, omit part with
mow of our ware. at (sea—still pressed, we sell below cost,
and now the 4w:homer's hummer begins to rattle, and we
are willing to take whatever wr ran get. But on claw is
benefited by this revulsion. The medium et exchange le
frame with all classes, and we all feel the pressure alike.
We aro all engaged in either digging or trailing.
Now we must not rely altogether upon the soil of Califor- I
Wia to produce the gold or money, wherewith to purchase
food, clothing, or other necessaries. The real truth is, by
far the largest part of the gold sent to other countries, to
top dy it. with necisseariee, was taken from the river bank.,
with comparatively little bulgur. There is gold still in
thiwis banks, but they will never yield a. they bare yielded.
The cream of the gulches, wherever water could be got,
ha, aloe teen taken off. We have now the river bottoms
and the quarts evict,; but to get the gold from them, we
must employ gold. The man who lines upon his labour
from day to day, must hereafter be employed by the man
who has in his possession accumulated labour, or money,
the repriosisntative of labour. The mines will utfurd heft. r
wages to thousands, for years to come, thin can be made in
any other country ; and they will create a good demand for
food, clothing. and other product, of industry; but to beep
the gold in the country, and become it great and prosperous
people, we must live Min. within our own resourees. The
true wealtit of a state can never exist in its riches of gold.
This metal is our only article id export.
We give it in vac:image to other states and nation,, for
fond, clothing, and all the nereoaries and luxuries, of life.
Of all other comintelities or products it 14 the most dange-
rous and seductive. An elee.s iv fraught with as many
evils Al a seareity. In either case, the industrial habit* and
efirte of a people are paralysed. It has now become u well
established fart, that no country on coal' pss(wes so pros
duetive a soil—partissularly for email grains—as the sea board
portion art l'aliturnia, including the San Joaquin and Sa-
cramento valleys. Ilan i, wealth that will make the
new state perpetaally rich and permanently strong. We
may dig our gold mines, and those- who have gold
to spare may give it fir the enjoyment of luxuries. We
maycue:, ••• tribute from the
world ; but let us be prepured for the mutations of tune—
for the fluetuations in the supply of the eeehanging me-
dium. or the products of foreign (slimes, which we need,
but earned suppiy. Let ns his really to turn upon our own
femme, is,, :11111 frig upon .our own enemy and power. We
have, I (soy, the energy, the power, the resources. Let US
make them availahle. One great hie sing is that we pro-
duce our own meat. Let on produee our own breast, it'll°.
thing more. This ran he done, noel the time is now ap-
p.:m.lmm for the commencement of the great ',Wk. N e
bay,- M. soil area the labour; we can rais, war nwu bread,
and bye anal bye we will make our own clothing: Gold
mines may he discovered and exhausted—col 1111 l erre may
pd upon the OlViiii.—hat we can, if we will, N 1411,1 opal
oar own inilepenslener. The exchange of gold for foreign
prvelucts we now find will not .upport ue. liaising fs(ni
one own • oil the trig, .1 of with the comm.-re: of
the Peril:es at command, and the gold of the Sierra Nebada
to back us, we cut become great, prole/emus, and happy.