The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-04 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 4, 1848.

WI; ? If the insurrection was to be repressed, it was
ghee. But M. Guixor was not prepared forrepression.
Ile had neither the plan, nor the general, nor the
mi►itary stores at hand. We will do M. GIIIZOT and
LoUIS 'PHILIPPE the justice to say that they did not
contemplate a great effusion of blood and a vigorous
repression. Had they contemplated it they would
have been prepared for it ; and they were nowise
repared.
Those who defend M. Geizter, however, by repre-
senting how merciless and how successful he would
have been if left in office—although he had
ample titer for both had he desired it—go
sn to fling the blame of not having re-
ressed the insurrection on the successor of
,f. Getzor ; and a long rigmarole story
is told, in which there is not a word of truth, of
Marshal BUGEAUn being ready to put down the of
made it M. TIMES had but let him, and had not
made him recall the troops. Throughout this revolu-
tion, it seems, there was alwaysaome one ready and
able to put down insurrection, if some one else had
not been there to prevent him.
Now the fact is this, and we have it from the best
authority, that when Marshal BUGEAUD did examine
the number of troops at hie command, the quantity of
ammunition at their disposal, and the relative position
of the parties in all respects—Marshal BUGEAUD
declared that there was not a military force at
hand capable of defending the government, or of
putting down the insurrection. And it was in con-
sequence of this solemn and well-weighed opinion
that the troops were recalled.
The Quarterly Review is therefore utterly mis-
taken, and in its defence of the fallen minister and
dynasty it confers upon theta merciless and provident
qualities widch they did not possess. M. GUIZOT
and Louis Plituere were neither of them military
men, though the latter had been in action : neither
had felt the pulse of the military, nor knew how to
use them. Nor could they even trust a general who
would use them. 'Their calling ButieAcii only at the
eleventh hour shows their mistrust of him. Nor
could they tolerate any officer in the post of Minister
at War who was not contemptible in the eyes of the
army. Sovereign and minister distrusted and
alienated the national guard, the army, and public
opir.ion. Of what use seeking further for the causes
of its fall'
From such a mass of wrong views and mistaken
arguments a conclusion of the same nature is to be
expected. Mid, accordingly, the Quarterly Reviereer's
panacea for France is ]fenny V. and legitimacy! The
writer imagines that a proud nation of thirty-five
millions will swallow the restoration of a power and
a principle both of which thirty-four millions and
nine-tenths utterly despise. The Quarterly Reriew
might just us safely recommend a Provisional Govern-
ment of Communists to replace the Czar of all the
Rus.g.ts.

A :eew theory of debt is a work much wanted. It
must be commenced by a governor of a house of cor-
rection, and finished bf a commissioner of bankrupts
or of insolvents. A couple of circumstances whick have
recently happened show that ourordinarynotions on the
subject stand in need of correction by the above authori-
ties ; else their present mode of administering the law is
puzzlifig as the plea of Peelle° E himself. Accord-
ing to them, to owe forty shillings is felony ; but to
be a debtor of some forty-thousand-pounds-power, or
to dissipate such a sum of your own, and some more of
your creditors besides, is virtue.
A Mr. Pottyr, clerk to the Brighton Railway Com-
pany, was, about a fortnight ago, committed from the
White:lapel County Court, not to a debtors' prison, but
to the House of Correction for not having paid two
pounds. When taken to gaol, he was put into the
felon class, by being searched, stripped, and
bathed, having his beard and whiskers cut
off, and the prison dress forced on. Numerals were,
moreover, sewn on his sleeve, and thus was his very
individuality filched from him by being changed from
Mr. Potter to " number seven hundred" and odd.
Having been dressed for the part of a felon he was
set to do felon's work, and introduced to the rest
of the company to pick oakum with all the vigour he
could muster upon a diet of gruel. As, however, he
was but a novice in gruel and oakum, he of course
turned ill, and was released at the end of five days.
The case is repotted in the Daily News of March 17,
where it was seen by the HomeSecretary,who,it seems,
has made some inquiry into it. In bringing the matter
before the House of Commons last week, Mr. B.
Coetomee justly said, in his oriental way, that " it
was more Hie a scene under the Sultan than under a
free government." It appears that poor Mr. PotLer
not only lost his whiskers but his situation; and has
yet, so far as we have learned, had no redress.
All this comes of owing two pounds. Let us now
see the reward for spending some twenty thousand
times that sum, and being insolvent besides.
On Friday last a certain GEORGE MEAGHER
appeared before Mr. Commissioner HARRIS at the
Insolvent Court, to be discharged from his debts;
some of which he bad contracted upon a misrepre-
sentation of the amount of hie income. Three vic-
tims of this misrepresentation opposed his release;
but be was no common debtor—he had dissipated a
property valued at from thirty to forty thousand pounds
en sixteen years. This at once excited the respect and
touched the feelings of the commissioner. A report
of the case will be found in this paper of Saturday,
but to be quite impartial we quote the sequel from a
contemporary.
It turned but in court that the insolvent was not married
to the female who rased as his wife. She had 601. a year
uin officer's widow. He had resided near Tuntham-green,
where he took a house and cootracted du bts.—The learned
counsel for the creciitors asked the court whether such a
perm was not a fit subject for the discretionary clause ?
What right had a person with WI. a year from the kindne,a
of a friend, and another 501. from the person with whom he
wss living, to contract debts with tradesmen as a man of
1001. a year and his " wife " with 601. ?—Mr. Commissioner
Harris said he could not dissever the debts.—Mr. Sargood
thought it was a case for the discretionary clause.—Mr. Com-
missioner Harris: I should be sorry to apply the discretion-
ary clause to a pest 't man who had rws through, I know
sot whether by imprudence or ditsfOrtune, between 30,0001.
ant 40,0001.—Mr. Sargood: I apprehend there is the less
excuse. My sympathy certainly is for the creditors, and not
for such a pers-,n.—Mr. Coni..d”.iooer Ihrtis decided that
the insolvent we: entitled to the benefit of the act ; he came
SI a prisoner, and nut under the protection act. Ile thought
the opposition was somewhat harsh against agent/ea/an who
had moved in his position.—Discharged accordingly.
" Cruel creditors!" says the law from the mouth
of Mr. Commissioner HARRIS. " Here is a man who
actually expended from thirty to forty thousand
pounds in the short space of 1G years—l will not say
that any of it has been diverted into illegitimate,
though certainly it has been turned into unproduc-
tive, channels—and who has merely contracted a few
debts he knew he had little chance of paying : wouldyou
punish him for this? Vindictive vender of furniture!
barbarous butcher! cruel cheesemonger ! you shall not
tear this gentleman from •Furnham-green, and the
arms of his officer's widow ! lat least will not par-
ticipate in so dire a rendettu. Lose your money
gracefully, and let the man of ' position' go free !"
" But you, 40a. offender," continues the law, per
the House of Correction governor, turning to Mr. Pot:
LET—. a mere clerk with a minimum income, how
dare you exceed it ? You, sir, a man of ao ' position,'
who in all prolsability never had a box at the opera,
or kept race horses, or gave dinners, or paid for a
single glass of champagne in your life—never perhaps
even owed for one,—you, a mere strug-
gler in the world, with no higher preten-
sion than that of keeping a roof over your head,
and your life and soul together by, the plainest
fare, what leniency can you expect? You shall have
none. Begone to your cell. A debtors' prison is too
good for you : the luxuries of Whitteross-street you
are unworthy to taste. Hence, therefore, to the
House of Correction. Learn in future not to con-
tract paltry debts under fifty pounds—but, sir, first
of all, learn to pick oakum."
hie because all this appears to common-place per-
ceptions of what is just, perfectly unintelligible, that
we call for a new theory of debt from the pens of the
before-named accomplished authorities. They ought
teeny to be called upon to explain the principles upon
which they act.

Tut ancient city of Frankfort is gay and bustling
at present, as in the time of its fair. New life is
r4,4ant in the dim and somewhat dusty features of its
ant,clulty. For the deputies from the various states
uertaany, the precursors and organisers of the future
German parliament, are there in conclave making
urongements for the convocation of a constituent
seemly ; and the citizens are curious, animated,
!ad self-important, as in days long past, when
Imperial elections and coronations used to take
Place within their walls. In spite, therefore, of
the anxiety inspired by revolutionary movements
r"zulg in the large, and crackling in the email,

of the thirty-five independent states of Germany,
like the breaking of the ice on the Rhine when
spring returns—in spite of the wrecks of commercial
fortunes which strew the exchange of a town where
the spirit of trade reigns paramount—Frankfort is all
alive.
The assembling of the deputies will indeed be de-
cisive for the future of Germany, though as yet they have
no regular legal mission from the people. So sudden
has been the dissolution of constituted authorities on
all hands, it is fortunate for Germany that the brave
men who composed the assembly at Heidelberg reso-
lutely took upon themselves the responsibility of in-
viting deputies from all parts of Germany to meet
and concert a plan for the reorganisation of the
empire. For the old Diet is dead. Its authority is
extinguished. Neither peoples nor governments defer
any longer to that retrograde and anti-national
policy by which during the last thirty years it has
been earning the hatred of all Germany. Notwith-
standing three or four new and good appointments,
—the new commissioners of Baden (VireLexeit), Wur-
itemberg (UHLAND), and Bavaria (WlLLieli)—this
creation of Prince METTERNICH will crumble away
without noise, and end by resignedly registering the
resolutions of the men who have appointed themselves

its successors.
Still, the aspect of the future is stormy. The im-
provised constituent assembly will require the utmost
wisdom in its members, and the moral support of all
Germany, to carry it through the colossal enterprise
of re-organising a nation of the first rank in the centre
of Europe. The Heidelberg programme has indeed met
with general acceptance in Germany. A German parlia-
ment, with a House of Commons elected by the na-
tion at large, a house composed of the sovereign
princes, and a president chosen from among
these princes for a term of years this
constitution has been received favourably. The little
Duchy of Baden indeed is in advance of it : even
staunch liberals like WELCKER and InsTeiN, found
it diffipult by expatiating on the backward tendencies
of Prussia and Austria, to dissuade the great meeting
at Offenburg from declaring at once for a republic.
Wirtemberg—where, thanks to the prudente of the
king in calling liberals to his councils before ho was
compelled by the pressure from without, there has
been no revolutionary movement, the insurrection of
the peasants having been caused by purely local
grievances, and appeased for the present by passing
a law for the redemption of feudal burdens—
Wirtemberg acquiesces in the Heidelberg pro-
gramme. Hesse Cassel, where the sovereign
is allowed to retain his crown simply be-
cause no eligible successor offered himself, and
Darmstadt, where the new Grand Duke is a man of
spirit and intelligence, Nassau, and Saxony, will all
adopt the resolutions of the constituent assembly in
Frankfort. Even the stubborn potentate of Hanover,
after the revolutionary movements in Gottingen,
Hanover, and Celle, is prepared to submit with gi im
resignation. Prussia is revolutionised, and Austria
has its hands full at home. And yet, with all this
unanimity, there are clouds on the horiz n.
The main difficulty lies in the choice of a prince I
to be placed at the head of the confederation. Before
the unfortunate 18th and 19th of March there was but
one opinion and one wish on this head. Local posi-
tion, national wealth, and intelligence, a num:rous,
gallant, and well-disciplined army—everything
pointed to Prussia and its King as the natural head
of the new confederation or empire. But since the days
of the Berlin barricades, an insuperable repugnance to I
the King of Peessla appears to have taken possession
of the univers .1 public of southern Germany. From
the liberals of Carlsruhe. Munich, Stuttgart, Heidel-
berg, there is but one voice. They protest against
a prince, who they say, after having caused his " dear
burghers of Berlin" to be fusilladed for fifteen
hours "by mistake," after having been compelled to
stand bareheaded in the presence of the victims of
his " mistake," took upon him, decorated with the
colours of the burscheasehtifl, to make a triumphal
progress through his capital in the character of a
revolutionary hero, to announce to the people that lie
would condescend to accept the imperial crown of
Germany, which nobody offered him, and to profess
that he had no wish to dethrone the other princes of
Germany, whose hold upon their people was as strong
or stronger than his own. This " buffoon masque-
rade," as the uneourtly south Germans term it, has
been received by them with one shout of indignation.
The proclamation of the KING of Paessis has been
publicly burnt in many places, and in some the effigy
of the royal proclaimer has been burnt along with it.
Our German correspondents concur in declaring
that the last link between FREDERIC WILLIAM and
the German movement has been broken. If this be
true it is to be lamented. Prussia apart, there
is no German prince possessed of sufficient
power to prevent his fellow sovereigns feeling they
give way to an equal, or to compel that reluctant sub-
mission which fellow sovereigns are sure to pay.
There was in Prussia a nucleus of organised power
which could certainly have kept the heterogeneous
elements of Germany together; Austria, with its
assortment of foreign provinces now flying off
in revolt is out of the question ; and all the other
princes of the confederation are too weak. The aliena-
tion of the German liberals from the KING of PRUSSIA
would, in any circumstances, be matter of regret; and
it is the more to be deplored that a hostile collision
between Germ my and the autocrat of Russia as the
fields of Poland seems inevitable and close at hand.
The error of the King of Peussta, and the spirit
it has awakened, are to be deplored ; but the
alienation is not the less a fact on that account.
The deputies who have met at Frankfort, irre
gularly appointed, or rather self-elected, can have
uo strength except in so far as they carry
national feeling unanimously with them. They cannot
afford to burden themselves with an uepopular prince.
Whatever the Times may fancy, or may have in-
sieuated into its head from interested sources, the
Germanic movement is national and rationalist.
There is nothing of the romantic middle age folly
about it, which haunts the imagination of some Berlin
writers. Berlin is not the Paris of Germany. No
personal predilections—no grave apprehensions for
the future—can alter the fact ; and, in despite of the
monarchical tendencies of the German mind, in con-
sequence of the presumptuous precipitation of FREDE-
RIC WILLIAM a German federal republic is at this
moment less improbable than a united German
empire. The only chance of the King of Peessia is
in the conviction the Germans may entertain of the
necessity of a generalissimo in a war with Russia, or
perhaps in their confidence in a Camphausen ministry,
now that his Majesty has consented to " reign and
• not govern."
few

and Holstein as integral members of the Germanic
nation, as also the provinces of East and West
Prussia ; and to declare frankly and energetically for
the re-establishment of Poland. It was decided that
in the constituent assembly there should be one
deputy for every 50,000 inhabitants.
PRUSSIA.—The Ailgemeine Preusaisehe Zeitung,
of the Ist of April, contains in its official columns two
documents unsurpassed in importance by any which
have appeared since the commencement of the revo-
lution. The first is an intimation from the King tan-
tamount to an acquiescence in the constitutional posi-
tion of a king, " qui rgne et ne gouverne pas ;" the
second is the representation from the new ministry
which induced his majesty to issue the former. The
royal rescript is as follows :
Coneurrion in the views and proposals of the ministerial
report, which has this day been submitted to me, 1 from
this data refer all petitions relating to constitutional affairs
to my cabinet ministers, and authorise them to reply to the
petitioners.—(Signed) FREI/ERICK W I LLIA M.—Potcdam,
March 30, 1848.
The ministerial report referred to in this annoance-

ment is as follows :
Your Majesty has informed the nation in your proclama-
tion of the 21st March, that you have determined to grant
a real constitution, with responsible ministers; and in a free
and elevated spirit have declared that, whereas from the
commencement of your reign you have conscientiously
sought to promote the welfare of your people by gradually
preparing them for free institutions, you are now convinced
that the time has at length arrived for relinquishing that
pointy, and beginning with courage and power en entire re-
med. lling of the constituXon. Your Majesty, firmly re-
solved with that sincerity and perseverance which the whole
nation knew to be in your character to act up to
your new convictions, has charged us to take the
necessary preliminary step•, and wo believe that
we only anticipate your Majesty's wishes when we
declare ourselves responsible to the future representations of
1 the people for the meiunires we may adopt to that end. We
regard it as our first duty to take upon our heads alone the
consequences of the advice we may give, in order that your
Majesty, raised above the importunate pressure of the mo-
ment, may mature your resolves in undisturbed repose. We
will have the honour to submit to your Majesty, without
loss of time, the necessary prof seals fur the national consti-
tution, and in case, as has sometimes happened, written pe-
titions or prayers for a personal audience on matters relating
to the constitution should again be presented, we respect-
fully request your Majesty to authorise us to reply to them,
in order that any displeasure excited by the rejection or only
partial concession of these requests may be directed
against us.—(Sign I) CAMPIIAUSEN, COUNT VON SCELWE-
MIN, VON AUEENWAI.I), BOENEMANN, VON 111/141E,
BANIMMANN, VON Revue it—To his Majesty the King.
His Majesty, in his of vial reply, accedes to the
demands of his ministers, as set forth in the latter

part of the last paragraph.
The following is toe letter of our correspondent,
dated Berlin, March 31 :
to consequence of an accident having occurred on the line
of rail between Magdeburg and Oscnersleben, 1 was de-
tained a considerable time on the Primo-Brunswick fron-
tiers, and arrived here last night too late for the post.
I found the city or a state or more than ordinary anima-
tion and excitement, and I learned that it was caused by the
return of the military lay order of the King, and at tee re •
quest of numerous inhabitants, particularly of the civic
guard, who are terrioly harassed with their new and fa
tiguing duties. Indeed, some wags among them assert that
they were worked almost to death in order to induce them to
reseal the military, whose presence appeared desirable in high
and iotluential quarters. Be that as it may, the military
were mod cordially received by the civic guard and by the
better class of citizens. The lower orders still look upou the
soldiery with suspicion, although the formal did not oppose
their return. There are not wanting parties, how-
ever, who, like the editor of the Berliner
Zeitungs )talk, look upon the reed of the troops
as the beginning of a reaction, and who talk
of a counter reaction, the fret demonstration of which, it is
urged, should be the an-:savour to free Berlin once more
Tbut by peaceful me .no) teem the presence of the soldiery.
'he suave journal, however, which had formally protested
against their recap, now protests against their expulsion, and
urges all citizens to forget and forgive. Several wore trot pa
will arrive to-day arid to-morrow. Altogether, there have
been recalled one regiment of infantry, two battalions of
ditto, one regiment of Ulan' and the so-called light
squadron. During the niabt, the civic guard on duty at the
palace and the public offices entered freely into conversa-
tion, of the most cordial kind, witk soldiers who came near
them. In the proclamation, recalling the military, it is
stated in large capitals, that they will only be employed
in case of great necessity, and then only by desire of the
civic authorities. It is quite clear that the government
are exceedingly desirous of removing from the public mind
any impression that the recall of troops to the capital
(none of which troops, by-the-bye, took part in the late
events) is the beginning of a reaction. Tne civic authori-
ties, on their side, aro doing all they can to pacify
and satisfy the people. Amongst other steps it has
been resolved to give immediate relief, on a toler-
ably liberal scale, to all necessitous persons who
took an active part in the defence of the barricades during
the late insurrection. The albscription in favour of the fa-
milies of the persons who fell during the strugale wa l realise
a very large sum, and will enable the committee, it is sup-
posed, to provide permanently for the parties in question.
In the neighbourhuod of and in Magdeburg itself
numerous copies of a circular were distributed, us which it
is stated that " Berlin is not Prussia;" and that it is not
desirable that that city, with its Frenchmen, its Poles, and
its Jews, should govern the provinces. The following ex-
tract from the circular (the introduction to which is signed
C, out Schulenburg-Ottlebrn) will show its spirit and ten-

dewy ;
" We are not willing that Beelin should receive and foolishly
expend (veryender) our taxes, for they belong to the King
and to fatherland. We are not willing that our brave soldier*,
who have shed their blood fora good cause, should be covered
with insults. We require that our King be free, that the
united Diet be tree, and that it he not governed by the ex-
citable people of the capital. We solemnly protest hereby
against every resolution which may be taken by the King
and the united Diet under the tyranny of the street riot of
Berlin (serasseliaa)raer)."
This circular, which was chiefly forwarded to the clergy,
with the view of inducing them to draw up an address to the
King in a spirit of reaction, and to get signatures to it in the
rural district', has given rise to very angry comments in the
political clubs of this city. Such steps can only tend to in-
jure thu cause which certain parties affect to serve. The
plain truth is—and it may a' well be told—any reaction on
a large or decisive scale would be the signal of an outbreak,
both vast and sanguinary. The Kieg, however, has better
councillors thar. this ultra-royal count, and he will still remain
where he has placed hioself—at the head of the movement.
The last intelligence from Prussian" Poland is to the
effect that fin Silesia the peasantry are in a state of the
greatest excitement—in a social, however, rather than in a
political, point of view. Numbers of them refuse to pay any
imposts or feudal dues. Some accounts state that great
excesses have been committed, whilst several journals deny
that each has been the case.
Letters from Posen up to the 29th state that the promise
made by the King respecting a rational reorgae isstion of the
Grand Duchy of Posen, had not given complete satisfaction,
chiefly on the *core that delay is unnecessary and dangerous.
Since writing the foregoing I have received the Oder
Zeitung of Breslau, published yesterday. It is officiaily
stated in it that the inhabitants of several districts have
compelled their landlords to abolish certain dues and rights.
The authorities have issued a notification to the effect that
much (treed concessions are not binding, and that persons
demanding them will be rigorously punished. On the other
hand, numerous landowners in district, adjacent to Prieg-
nitz, have petitioned the King for the abolition of all privi-
leges, for equality for all classes, and fur a uniform system of
representation and taxation. Tney stand up, however, for
the proviso that no one shall possess the franchise unless he
pays direct taxation. It appears by the above journal that
a revolutionary spirit has appeared in s me districts of Po.
merania and the Altmerk. The Oder &dung contains, also,
some news from Posen up to the evening of the 27th. The
German and Palish committees act in co-opera-
tion for the maintenance of tranquillity. It ap-
pears that the Polish committee and the Polish
deputation to the King require that the army be
withdrawn from Posen and stationed in the fortress of
Aliniari, and in the barracks; the appointment of a Pole as
head president of the grand duchy, and the dismissal of the
present commissaries of districts. It is added that the
foregoing measures, and some others which arc pointed cut,
can alone prevent the shedding of blood.
From the Rhenish provinces we learn that the
general in command issued a proclamation, stating
that information had been received by the military
authorities that an irruption into the Rhenish pro-
vinces is projected by a number of armed workmen,
from the French frontier; and in order to oppose
them it will be necessary to despatch troops from
Trevee, Krenznach, and Coblentz.—(Signed) VON
TAlLS.—March 26.
A letter from Cologne, of March 28, says that
burgher guards are everywhere being formed ; that
upon a given signal hundreds of resolute men, armed
with fire-arms and swords, will instantly assemble
at any place which may be threatened, without with-
drawing the necessary protection from other parts.
AUSTRIA.—The important fact of Austria having
determined to resume forcible possession of Lom-
bardy is officially made known in the if Zeitung
of the 29th ult. :
The extraordinary events which have lately taken place
in the kingdom of Lombardy and Venice render it indis-
pensable, for the interest of the whole monarchy, that the
attempt which has already been commenced to dissever
those kingdoms from the imperial states shall be opposed
speedily and energetically. Rio Majesty has accordingly
commanded the immediate formation ott an army corps at
the disposal of Field-Marshal Count Nugent, and has bean
pleased to issue the necessary commanda to the various mi.
maters to provide that all measures which may be requisite
thereto may be adopted with the least possible delay. To
this end the removal of the troops has already commenced,
and, it is confidently hoped, that they will speedily sum ed
in re-utablishing the uninterrupted union with the two
Italian corps.

The Military Secretary to the Commander•in-Chief
had an interview with Lord J. Russell yesterday, at his
official residence in Downing-street.

ITALY.

A letter from Milan of March the 26th says:
At this moment 5,000 Piedmont's/ are entering Milan,
who, after a few hours' rest, will go with our volunteers,
amounting to 6,000 more, ti Cream, where Radetaky with
the remainder of his army, consisting of 15,000 men, together
with a park of artillery, are concentrated. The Piedmontese
bring some artillery with them. Our killed and wounded
are very few, if we take in,o consideration that we had an
army of 16,000 highly disciplined troops to contend with,
besides a fortress mounting to 10 pieces of cannon of heavy
calibre, which kept up for five entire days an incessant fire
on our city.
This is the place that the tines designated as a
mere barrack.
Among the hostages taken by Radetzki are the
following gentlemen :--The delegate Belatti, Count
Joseph Belgic's°, Signor Monzoli, of the municipa-
lity; De Berra, son of the councillor, Agostino
Brambilla, Manzoni, the son of the great poet; the
brothers Porro, Gilbert, and Giulio Count Ercole '
Durini and Carlo Porro, son of the President of the
Central Congregation.
PAPAL STATES.—By a decree of the pontifical
government of the 21st March a corps of observation
is to be formed on the frontier of the Roman states on
the side of Tuscany, Parma, and Modena. Volun-
teers for this corps had been enrolled and received on
March 22.
- - - - • .

Lettere from Rome of the 24th say that the news
from Milan had produced an immense sensation
there. The young men enrolled themselves to march
to the frontiers as volunteers. The government had
ordered all the troops to march for Bologna. Three
battalions of the line and dragoons, as well as a great
number of volunteers, had marched. The last batta-
lion of fusiliers march to-day ;it will be followed to-
morrow and the following day by other troops and a
battery of field artillery. Orders are given to eon-
een'tate the troops about l'esaro and Bologna. Our
government will not at once enter into Lombardy,
bat if our brothers of Italy need succour, the banner
of Pius IX. will soon float in the fields of Lombardy
by the side of those of Piedmont and Tuscany. Tne
Jesuits are leaving every day ; they will soon all
have quitted. It is said the Austrian garrison has
evacuated the citadel of Ferrara. The most complete
tranquillity reigns at Rome and in the provinces.

REFUSAL OF THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT
TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
CONSTANTINOPLE, MULCII 18.

The first account of the French revolution arrived
here by the Odessa steamer. M. de Titoff, the Russian
minister, was the first of the representatives of the foreign
powers who had received official information from his go-
vernment of the abdication of Louis Philippe and the esta-
blishment of a republic in France. It is only within the
last few hours that an extraordinary steam-packet has
arrived here from M irseilles, with despatches fur M. dc
Baurquency, and the courier from London is not expected
until the 24th inst. It is unnecessary to lay that the French
ambassador remained till this morning in a state of the most
anxious expectation ; Lord Cowley, on the eve of depar-
ture, and ignorant what line of conduct the Bri-
tish government intended to adopt with regard to
France, without feeling the same anxiety as M. de
liourqueney shared his inaction. The ground was, there-
fore, left free to the Russian envoy, who did not fail to take
advantage of the eircomatance, Since the 12th instant, the
day on which M. de Titoffia courier arrived from Odessa, the
Russian minister has had repeated interviews not only with
the Grand Vizier and Ali l'acha, but with most of the
turk'sla ministers. Within the last hour I have learned, on
the bast authority, that the Turkish government has deter-
mined not to acknowledge the French republic. From this
circumstance was may guess at the object of M. de Titoffis
repeated visits to the Porte within the last wank. It is as
well understood in England as at Constantinople—the im-
portance of en alliance with Turkey in case of war. Turkey
has n welt disciplined and well-conditioned army of 150,000
men, under the command of experienced officers, and
a fleet of fifteen Rail of the line, with a considerable
number of smaller vessels of war, all well equipped and fit
for service. The excitement produced by the news received
from France ball caused the suspension of almost all busi-
ness, diplomatic and commercial. Since the 12th instant, a
notice bad hi en posted at the exchange, signed by MM.
Alleont and Baltartai, the bankers of the government, stating
that in the present disturbed state of Europe they would
not operate any transactions but for ready money. The
news, however, brought by to-day's steamer, that the French
republic had been acknowledged by England, has, in a great
' measure, restored the confidence of the commercial body.
M. Rizzo* Neroulas has been appointed by the Greek
' government minister plenipotentiary at Constantinople, and
I M. Arg)ropoulos, the former charge d'affaires, is to return
hero as secretary of emhaasy.

MALTA, MAacl.2s.

The Oberon has brought a report current at Patna
when she left that Athena was in insurrection, andtwo of the
Ministers killed. As the Athens mail had not arrived at
the time of the Oberon's departure, it was supposed that
there was same foundation for the report.
Most of the Jesuits who came here in the Neapolitan
steamer have taken up their residence at the convent of St.
Calcedoure, at Florian. The government supplied them
with new bedding end bedclothes from the store of the Civil
I hospital. More are expectrd from Genoa. Those at Noto,
in Sicily, are on the qua vire to come here, on the first mani-
festation against them.
The civil government here have received notice that they
must give up Fort Manoel, now used as a lazaretto, as at
will shortly be required for a miltary purpose. We expect
another r giment here, the 44th, and two companies of artil-
lery, to strengthen the garrison. They are much needed ;
fur what with extra sentries and captain's guards, the sol-
diers are worked to death. In cemequence of the attack
made by the Maltese on the band and the main g lard last
month, stones, with holes in them for the reception of posts,
have been laid in a circle in the centre of the parade, to pre-
vent the people again approaching and jostling the band.
The Prince of Capua, who has hitherto showed no de-
monstratio• s of party in the affairs of the 'rwo Sicilies, has
to-day hoisted the Sicilian tricolor on his terrace.

BELGIUM.—ANTWERP, APRIL 2.—The Precur-
seur says :—" By a telegraphic despatch, received at 10
o'clock last night, we learn that an imeute had broken out
at Ghent, at 6 o'clock in the evening. The military force
was called out, and two men were killed."—The Nouvel-
lisle de Gand says, that while the journal was being pub-
lished, two persons were mortally wounded, while endea-
vouring to rescue a maa who had been arrested. A
telegraphic despatch, which we have received at noon,
states th.t all is tranquil at Ghent.—At a meeting held at
Antwerp, last night, M. Retie' (who has been officially
requested to ascertain the state of mind in Flanders
by the Provisional Government of Paris), loudly
protested that the Provisionel Government was quite igno.
rant of the distribution of arms among the Belgian legion,
and tut it would certai .ly proceed against t .c authors of
this unjustifiable measure. Ile further stated tint he should
go to Lille to ascertain what had passed on the subject of
Ouse culptble armaments of these insurgents. M. Iletzel
left Brussels this morning for Lille. Great numbers of
workmen still continue to arrive from France. The greater
number of the muskets which the insurgeote had thrown
away in their Right bear the mark of Liege. It is asserted
that all came from the arsenal a Lille.
RUSSIA.—A letter from IltrlM of date the 30th of
March, which appears in the Kiduisclre Zedwig states
" All is tranquil in Russia. But a strong Muscovite feeling
in favour of the Emperor, and against foreigners, manifests
itself. It is propoad to expel all Frenchmen and Germans."
On the 12th of March an ukase was transmitted by the Em-
peror at St. Petersburg to the chief of the naval staff. It
gives directions for etc .11ing to their posts the private sailors
of the imperial navy who had received indefinite furloughs,
with the excepion of those belonging to the governments of
Pura, Simbirsk, Wiatka, Minsk, Grodno, Wilna, Kauen,
and Kurland, who reside is seaports; and those belonging
to Nikolajew and Sebastopol who reside in Astrakhan or the
harbours of the Danube. The assembling of the seamen
must be completed beture the 13th of April. There appears
to be some movement in the German provinces in the Baltic
subject to Russia, fur some citizens of Rigs and some of the
Courland noblesse arrived at Berlin towards the end of
Marsh, with a view to ascertain what reception an official
deputation from those provinces to ask fur Prussian assist-
&ace was likely to reserve."

REPEAL OF THE UNION.—We (Liropool Albion)
learn that, on Friday, two trading vessels, outward bound,
when in the channel, a few miles from this port, hoisted the
Irish national flag at their mastheads. The commander of
her Majesty's government tender, observing the movement,
gave chase, when the flags were instantly lowered, and the
vessels were allowed to proceed.
HARD WORK.—The following short statement is
Quoted from the bottom of a bill announcing a meeting in
favour of abolishing the night-work of operative bakers:—
•' The committee of the Operative Bakers' Society believe
the public are not aware that the London journeymen bakers
commence working at eleven o'clock at night, and continue
the same until five or six o'clock the following evening,
whereby they have but five or six hours disengaged from
busines., thus leaving them little time for rest, mental or
moral improvement, and none for domestic enjoyment or
healthy recreation."
SINGULAR SEIZURE OP ILLICIT SPIRITB.-011 Sa-
turday evening Messrs. Hayford and Levine, excise officers,
being on duty in High-street, Southwark, and observing a
man of suspicions appearance loitering backwards and for-
wards, near to one of the coach and van offices, it occurred to
them that he had recently delivered or was waiting for a
load of goods, and from suspicion of his being engaged
contraband trade they entered the coach-office, where several
packages were lying about. Having examined the whole of
them minutely, one large box excited their attention, more
particularly from the address attached, They accordingly
ordered that the box should be opened, when it was &see-
vered that it was but a covering to a large tin case filled with
illicit spirits 30 per cent. aterproof. Atter this revelation
of the contents of course no claimant appeared. The officers
then seized the spirits, and conveyed them to the Excise-
office warehouse in Broad-street.