The Express.
London, England, 1847-02-04 00:00:00

tified by the Austrian commissioner in a proclamation dated
the 18th fist., which has been published in the Cracow
Gazette, and also in the Berlin Official Gazette. I have the
honour to transmit a translation of the Bth stride of this pro-
clamation, being that which red ,tea to the transit and ware-
housing of foringu goods. According to this proclamation,
the district of Cracow becomes included in the jurisdiction
of the Austrian cu-turns, from and after tole 29th of January,
1847, on which day all the duties, laws, and regulations now
in force iu the kingdom of Galatia, ore to be appiitable to
Craton also. Foreign goods in transit are, by article 8, to
pass through the Cracow district duty free, under the su-
nervision of the customs, and tuay el-e be warehoused, duty
free, in the official stores of the rust ens.
EXTRACT route ritOCLASIATION or COUNT DETN, THE
INTERIALCOMIIISALONEIt, ii.t, EU UItACUW, JAN. 18, 1847.
(Translation.)
Art. 8. Is consideration of the hitherto existing commer-
cial relat:one in the territory of Cracow, the trathe of goods
there shall, even atter the introducion of the customs
duties, be favoured in the following mantra., viz.: --A. An
go ele coming tram fereigu countries over the customs lino
of the Cracow district by legal ways shall, if treat—el by the
customs as goods in transit. and again exported by the way
of a custom-house lying in the Cr .cow territory under the
strict watch of the eastoins authorities, be free of all duties,
provided thi it pusage, from tee ir entrance to their exit, be
limited to the Cracow territory. B. This exemption from
duties will also I.e edmltted in Caere oleic the above-men-
tioned goielsin transit are cleaned to be earehouesd in the
official stor.s of the customs in Cracow, whereby the transit
may be interrupted ur delayed.
VISCOUNT CALM/MI(1X TO VISCOUNT I.ONSONIIY.V
FOREIGN-OFFICE, Nov. 23, 1840.—My Lord—Count
Dietrichateie, the Chevalier Bunsen, and Baron Brunnow
have commuuicated to me identic despatches from their re-
spective governments. w.th a memorandum enclesed in each,
aunouneing to her Majesty's government the intention
of the governments of Austria, Russia, and Prussia,
to put an end to the indepeodent ceistenee of the
free state of Cracow, and to incorporate the city and
its territory in the dominions of the Emperor of
Austria. The grounds upon which this intention is tested
are, the allegation that the free state of Cracow was
created and constituted in May, 1815, by the triple treaty
between Austria, Russia, and Prussia; that trots(' three
powers alone, having been its creators, they arc competent,
by their own authority, to put an end to its existence; that
they now feel themselves justified in doing so, because the
free state has fora long course of years failed in its duty to-
wards the protecting powers; that during the l'olish insur-
rection in 11430, Cracow gave ail to the insurrectionary
forces in the kingdom of Poland, and harboured (')treat num-
ber of refugees from thence when the iosurrechou woe put
down that from that time to the present it has been the centre
of petit:eel iatrigues,tencliog to disturb the tranquillity o' the
three adjoining states; that recently its population actually
invaded the province of Galicia and plundered the (reentry
of the salt mines of Wieliczka, and that its government,
having been dieselved by iuternsl dissensions, the qtestion
now for the three protecting powers to decide, has become,
whether they should reconstruct a non existinf government,
or entirely alter the condition of existence of Cracow sod its
territory ; and they say that they have preferred the latter
course, aud have determined that Cracow shall revert to
Austria, to which power it belonged before 1809, and
that it shall henceforward form a part of the
Austrian dominions. Her Majesty's government have
received this communication with deep regret and with
much surprise. Toe communications which of late
have been had with the representatives of the three powers
at this court bad led her Majesty's goverument to expect
that some proposal would be made by the three powers fur
some medificittion of the political condition in which the
treaty of Vienna has placed the free, state of Cracow,
with a view the better to secure the territories of the three
poweis from risk of disturbance by plots which might he
formed in Cracow ; but her Majesty's government
were not prepared for such a communication as
that which they have now received; and her Majesty's
government feel themselves bound to protest against the exe-
cution of the intention which has thus been announced. Her
Majesty's government will first consider the grounds upon
which the proposed measure is nought to be justified, and
secondly, the right which the three powers claim to them-
selves to carry it into execution of their own authority.
Alter the eveuts of 1830 and 1838, it is to be remarked that
the threepowers had recourse tomeresures which they thought
sufficient for the security of their respective dominions, and
those events can scarcely be quoted now as affording grounds
far froh measures of seventy against Cracow ; and with
-sectti the inroad made by the p .ople of Cracow into the
Galician territory about a twelvemonth ago, and the alleged
dissolution of the government of Cracow by its own act, her
Majesty's government would observe that if General Collin,
who was invited into Cracow by the government of that
state for the maintenance of order, had not suddenly
withdrawn his troops, it is probable that no inroad
would have been mule by the people of Cracow into
Galicia; and as that general carried away with him all the
constituted authorities of the city, mid left the city and state
in a condition of administrative anarchy, it can hardly be said
that the dissolution of the government was the act of the
people of Cracow themselves. But it is alleged that Cracow
has long been, and if it remains in 1, pendent will tent con-
tinue to be, the centre of intrigues, having for their object
the disturbance of the tranquillity of wljoining territones ;
and the question is, in what degree the preseet political con-
dition of Cracow affords facilities for the carrying on of
such practices 1 Now, such intrigues and plots must
be carried on either by strangers coming to Cracow,
or by the native inhabitants themselves. But no
stranger can reach Cracow except by traversing a vast
event of territory belonging to one or other of the
three powers ; and it is difficult to imagine that
any Polish exile, or any conspirator from any foreign
country, could so far elude the vigilance of the police of the
power whose territory he would base to pass through, as
to be able to penetrate to Cracow. The p opulation of Cra-
cow is not large in number, and not only would the arrival
of a suspicious stranger among them he quickly known to
the police, but it would be scarcely possible for such stranger,
er for any resident inhabitant of the state, long to carry on a
correspondence with the people of neighbouring di,tricts,
for the purro,se of exciting disturbances therein, without
such correspondence coming to the knowledge of the govern-
ment, and throweh them to that of the three residents ; and
such practices being once knows!, the laws of Cracow would
surely afford means to put • atop to them effectually. But if
the police regulations of Cracow arc not efficient enough to
secure the obtaining of such information; and lithe laws of
Cracow do not give the government power to prevent such an
libelee of the shelter of the free state, those police regula-
tions might be improved, and those laws might he altered ;
and full security mieht in these respects be obtained for the
three powers, without do stroying the existence of the state.
It is no doubt the duty of Cracow to give the three
powers such security ; for freedom and independence
were given to Cracow for the well-being and happiness
of its own people; and not in order to :enable
that people to create disturbances and confusion in adjoining
countries. It appears, then, to her Majesty's government
that no such proof has yet boon given to show that full secu-
rity might not be afforded to the internal tranquillity of the
territories of the three powers, without destroying the sepa-
rate and independent existence of the state of Cracow.
But her Majesty's government must at all events deny
the competency of the three powers to deride upon and to
execute such a measure, of their own separate authority,
and without the concurrence of the other powers wit-,
were parties to the Treaty of Vienna of June, 1815.
There is no doubt that the erection of Cracow and its terri-
tory into a free and independent state, together with many
r of the details of its organization, are matters which were first
recorded by the treaty of the 3rd of May, 1815. But that
treaty merely recorded one part of the various arrangements
made by the General Congress of Vienna; and it wu by
Article CXVIII. of the General Treaty declared to be
an integral part of the arrangements of the Congress
of the European Powers, and to have everywhere the
same force and value as if it bad been inserted word
for word in the General Treaty. But besides this
the leading stipulations about Cracow which are con-
tained in the separate treaty of the 3d of May, concluded
between the three powers, are insetted word for word in the
general treaty to which all the powers are parties, and those
stipulations constitute the Articles VI., VII., VIII., IX.,
X., of that general treaty. It is demonstrable, therefore,
that with whomsoever may base inlginated the plan of
erecting Cracow and its territory into a free and independ-
ent state, that plan was carried into eff.ct by stipulations to
which ell the powers were equally parties ; and, conse-
quently, it is not competent for three of those powers by
their owe separate authority to undo that which was esta-
blished by the common engagements of the whole ; and it
is manifest that the specisl duty which the three powers un-
dertook,
of protecting the Independence of the state,
cannot invest them with any right to overthrow
that independence and to destroy it. For these reasons
her Majesty's government are of opinion, that the
execution of the intentions which the three powers have
announced, would be a messore juatifted by no adequate
necessity, and would involve a violation of positive stipula-
dons contained in the general treaty of Vienna ; and her
Majesty's government deeply impressed with the conviction
that it is above all things important that the engagements of
treaties should at all times be faithfully observed, most
earnestly hope that means may be devised for guarding the
territories of the three powers against the dangers adverted
' to in their identic communicstions, without any breach of
the treaty of 1815. Your Excellency will read this despatch
to Prince Metternich, and you will send him officially •
copy of it —I am, &c. (Simnl) PALMEUSTON.
• notnictlnits of the same tow were addressed by Viscount Pal-
merston on the same day Sober Malasars ministers at Berlin and St.
Petersburg.

FRANCE.—LIBERTT or rue Psess.—The Colonne
and the Gazette de France have been condemned, the former
for publishing and the latter for copying, an article affecting
the validity of oaths, which contained the following sen'ence
" None is bound, save to his country ; none owes obedience,
save to his own conscience as a citizen." The occasion of the
article arose from M. de Genouile, editor of La Gazette de
France, being elected at deputy for Toulouse, when a dispute
took place es to tte extent of the official oath ho had taken.
In defence, it was pleaded that the interpretation of the
article by the prosecution was overstrained. The court con-
demned M. Carpentier, responsible editor of the Colonne,
to imprisonment for three mouths, and a fine of 1,000 f., and
M. Autry-Foucault, responsible editor of the Gazette, to six
months' imprisonment, and a file of I,ooofr.
BELGIUM.—BRUSSELS, FEB. 2.—The discussion
of the budget of war was resumed this afternoon in the
Chamber of Representatives. The debate hoe now continued
during more than a week. It is urged by several members
that the army should be reduced, but minister, are opposed
to any diminution of the number.
Their Majesties arc expected to arrive in Brussels
this evcni. gon their return from Paris. A grand bill at
the palace is announced for to-morrow oh :t, About right
hundred invitations have been issued.