The Express.
London, England, 1853-06-25 00:00:00

TURKEY.

Telegraphic despatches announce that the Porte
has rejected the Russian ultimatum.
This news is of the 16th instant, the day
when the term fixed by Russia for acceptance
expired, and after which, in the words of Count
Nesslrode, the Emperor " would find himself
compelled to procure by a more pronounced
attitude that satisfaction which he had vainly sought
by pacific means." From the decisive set of the
Sultan and the public declaration of the Czar, war
would be inevitable if the affairs of life always
advanced in a strictly logical course. But, notwith-
standing the open conflict into which the two powers
are thrown, the belief gains ground in all the capitals
of Europe, where the rejection of the ultimatum was
foreseen, that arms wilt not decide the quarrel now
engaged in theTAst. "The danger to Turkey," writes
a correspondent from Vienna, "is not attack, but
exhaustion by delay. Russia is a military state.
Were the difference with Turkey to bo settled to-
morrow, she would not weaken a tangle corps dames.
It is otherwise with Turkey; people do not live
there to be dressed up in uniform, and reviewed in im-
mense masses. The army cannot be reinforced or the
landwehr called and kept out without considerable
outlay, which must be continued as long as the
Czar is making demonstrations on the frontier. This
is the real danger of the Porte." The journals, in the
favour of the French government, hold a more peace-
ful language.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Jena 9.
The Russians are at this moment making demon-
strations upon Battoum, a port lying on the Black
Sea between Odessa and Varna. They have been
carrying thither large quantities of war material
from Odessa, as well as some troops. A Turkish
vessel that happened to be in the port of Odessa
was by them premed into service, and forced
to convey a cargo of freight to Battoum. Not
content with this violation they intended to
detain the vessel for farther use, but the Turkish
captain—being a fellow of some spirit—determined
to free himself from this involuntary service; and,
seeing that the wind was favourable, as it blew from
the port, he hauled up his anchor and stood out to
sea. He was immediately pursued by a Russian ship
of war and fired at. The shot earned away one of
hie topmasts, but he succeeded in making his escape
without further damage.
Another affair, of a somewhat different character,
has just transpired. The Turks are sending a consi-
derable force to Trebizon, for reasons which I shell
presently give. Some days ago one of their steamers
not a war ship, bat a transport) was on its way
m Constantinople to Trend, loaded with
troops. In the Black Sea she was met by a Russian
war steamer, who summoned the Turkish vessel to
lay to.'i The latter refused to obey the summons,
and was instantly tired upon by the Russian—the shot
striking one of her meata,though without dammging it.
A burned council of war was held by the offieses of
the Turkish vessel. It was agreed that they should
round to and fight the Russian. The soldiers were
called to arms; the vessel was brought round, and
headed for the enemy ; and, with loud shouts of en-
thusiasm from the soldiers and crew, the Turkish
steamer bore down upon the Russian. The latter,
seeing that tho Turks were determined to board her,
and dreading the chances of a band-to-hand contest
with such numbers, suddenly put about, and steamed
off es fast as her paddles would drive her.
The Turkish fleet is at present anchored in Buyuk-
dere. You are aware that by the treaty of Adria-
nople it is not allowed to cruise in the Black Sea.
But Buyukdere is near at hand, at the point where
the Black Sea and the Bosphorus meet ; so that, in
the event of war, the Turkish ships can spread
themselves upon the waters of the Black Sea in a
few minutes' warning. The greatest activity prevails
in the fleet. Admiral Slade, who is contre.admiral,
is an Englishman, and of course " every inch a
sailor." He is making the most strenuous exertions
to increase the efficiency of the Turkish fleet. Within
a few days he has engaged in the service no less than
30 English officers, who co.operato with him in the
work with as much energy and enthusiasm as if they
were called upon to man the " wooden walls" of old
England itself.
There has been much said about the emptiness of
the Turkish treasury. But the Turks have resources
in emergencies like the present—such as are never
dreamt of among Christian nations. A curious spirit
of patriotism exhibits itself, entirely unlike anything
in the countries of western Europe. I give the fol-
lowing illustrations, which you may implieity rely
upon as facts that have transpired within the past few
days.
Mustapha Pasha, the Grand Vizier, and the richest
man in Turkey, has announced that the government
may count on the whole of his'fortune in case of need.
This example has been followed by nineteen other
Pashas, all of them men of wealth.
Mustapha Puha was formerly governor of the
island of Candia, and so much was he esteemed by
the Christian inhabitants of that island, that he is
known among them by the name of " Father." The
Christians of Candle alone bare sent to the treasury

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