The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-26 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 26.

MINISTERS certainly deserve credit for having
broken the charm of 1844. It is pity, however, that
they should have gone to consult the old necro-
manoer himself, who laid on the charm, as to
the mode in which this should be done. The
position, as well as the character, of Sir ROBERT
PEEL, warranted that his advice, whatever it might
be, would not be such as to enhance the honour of
his rivals and consulters. It could easily be foreseen
that his counsel to them wbald be a half measure, or
a bit of a measure. Any large stride in the modification
of his own past views, or in the propitiation of public
opinion, Sirltoorar is the most likely man in the world
to keep for himself. He, no doubt, dislikes that any
one should have the honour of abrogating the law of
1844, save himself. He has, therefore, enjoined upon
Sir CHARLES WOOD the smallest possible departure
from it, and even that is done in the letter to the
Bank, as if it were a heresy—heresy against PEEL—
S', which the minister evidently prays that he may
be pardoned.
The law of 1814 has the singular characteristic of
haying effected not one of the results predicated of
it. It has not checked speculation. It did not mode-
rate railway expenditure. It has not placed " the
currency of the country on a sound basis." Whilst,
instead of calling back gold, sent out of the country
to pay for provisions, it has completely obstructed
that activity of production which could alone have
gone forth instead of the gold, and instead of sending
the industry of the country after it. But the last
result of the bill of 1844 is its having forced the
government of the country to have recourse to such a
measure as that just announced.
Yesterday was issued by the English government
an ordonnance empowering the Bank, which has a mo-
nopoly of issue, to make farther use of that monopoly,
and to issue notes, for the accommodation of which,
eight per cent. at least was to be charged, part of that
eight per cent. to go into the publie puree.
Few things so monstrous will be recorded in his-
tory. And yet government is naturally induced to
commit this monstrosity by very urgent reasons. it
is necessary to fix a high rate of interest ; advisable
perhaps, though indecorous, to say that government
shall have its share of the usury. The monstrosity,
for such it is in these days of anti-monopoly and free-
trade, is not the fault of the government, but of the
law which fetters it; and which, in distressing the
country, has disgraced the government and the Bank
into the measure of yesterday.
The parties that perhaps have most right to com-
plain do not need our advocacy. It is not at all clear
that . . -

Bank
the re
which
necessary
abundantly
But when
a demand '
and g
return
the red
which

The
efficient 1.
the relief

there is a pressing necessity for inducing the
k to commit an infringement of the " law." If
responsibility were not inflicted on the Bank,
eh attends the duty of providing the inotena.
Dewy to carry on trade, her owy se►l
ndantly sufficient to allow her even to be Miresm v
when the common currency iii so retittrijitediltad2 a
vizi.= j
inland for gold for even a portoon 110 og
government liabilities would ine kent_lsom— le
irn of the Bank issues, it is hardV
May upon. the directors.... . PI
ch they neither originated nor demted. w-, .2.1‘ . ,
.. le
he rebel afforded will be no deabfweimnink. a
lent in many cases. Bat the large rums ip,
relief is to be granted, allows of its reaching

manufacturing districts only indirectly, and through
many tortnouschannels. The fact of theirbeing issued
on securities offered by banking houses, part of which
of course will come firm each as are in immediate
0011110Xi0111 with the manufacturers, is an acknowledg-
ment that these private banks deserve the credit they
claim. We cannot for our lives see in what way.the
public is more benefited by the Bank giving into
the hands of the private bankers a number of its
notes, instead of the private banker issuing his own
notes to the same amount, seeing that the security
would in both cases be the same. The latter course
would have allowed the circulation to increase before
confidence was en much shaken, and so many respect-
alio parties ruined. It would have acted more simply,
and therefore more efficaciously, than issues from the
central establishment. These private issues would
ship have been less expensive than the loan
proffered in Threadneedle-street. The knowledge
that there were large issues of private papa
out would, too, have bad a different effect from that
which may be anticipated when it is announced that,
the Bank of England has " infringed the law ;" and
we repeat, we think it hardly fair to place the Bank
in this position.
With this crisis the prestige that so long accompa-
nied the influence of the Bank is dispelled. Hitherto
that body was proud of having been the means of
keeping down the rate of discount. It is now forted
to come forward and fix a minimum of discount
higher than our money-market has known for a very
long period ; and that it is higher than, under the
circumstances, the current rate in the market ought
to be, is confessed in the novel stipulation fur a dri-
sion of the expected profits with the crown.
The bill of 1844, that has necessitated such an ex-
ceptional interference of the executive government as
this, and apparently with the consent of the author
of that bill, cannot be allowed to pass another session
of parliament without being reconsidered. The crisis
has lasted long enough to render prominent every evil
of that bill, the remedy selfeuggested for each evil
being its simple repeal. The champions of the bill
are indeed already taking ground on the assurance
that credit would have righted of itself, and the bill
would have been found to work well. Things have gone
too far for any such ?leas. And yet we should not be
surprised to find Sir ROBERT himself, unless Sir
CHARLES WOOD has tied the political PROTEUS with
• triple cord, take this view, and declare that his off-
spring of 1844 had not had a fair trial.

WE lately published the memorial addressed to
the Home Secretary by the Westbourne coroner's
jury, empannelled to inquire into the cause of the
death of the engine-man (Gazeoev) who some
months since was killed by an accident to one of the
locomotives on the Brighton Railway. The object of
this address, which is to recommend increased pre-
cautions against casualties that endanger human life,
is in every point of view of the highest importance.
The nature of the specific measures, however, which
it calls upon the government to adopt for this
object, is far from being entitled to the same
unqualified description. The advice it contains
is like the greater part of what we have
seen given in similar cases, by well-meaning per-
sons not sufficiently acquainted with the whole pre°.
tioal bearing of the subject they undertake to regulate,
and prone to regard official interference as a certain
remedy in all difficult cases, without having any
• accurate perception of the effects of its operation on the
system to which they would have it applied, or of the
degree to which it may be likely to procure us any
real security whatever.
'Our object in saying a few words on the subject is
exactly the same as that of the Weetbourne jury. We
question the expediency of their proposals, not be-
cause we are indifferent to public safety, but because,
being keenly alive to its importance, we seriously
doubt whether it might not be rather endangered
than promoted by any change that the ap-
plication of their methods could practically
introduce into the management of the railway loco-
motioo. At present it is wholly in the hands of the
parties, of all others in the kingdom, the moat conver-
sant with its details, and in most absolute possession,
by their daily experience of its working, of the only
means which can safely be relied upon for an ade-
quate knowledge of its use. Not only are they alto-
gether responsible, too, for any misfortunes that may
result from its derangement, but they have also the
strongest motives—of mere self-interest--to prevent
eisasters
as human ears may avoid. There can
no accident happen to a railway train which does not
inflict, by the destruction of valuable property, a
direct fine of some thousands of pounds on the
proprietors. These circumstances, taken altogether,
afford, we believe, the surest guarantee that can
be obtained for vigilant and skilful regu-
lation of the locomotion, and far the best use of
the bed kinds of machinery, both of which conditions
are essential to public safety. To subject the system
to a partial control, exercised by officers who cannot
bring to their post any practical acquaintance with
railway engines, who cannot by any possible condi-
tions of their inspections obtain that ready and inti-
mate familiarity with the working business which
alone will quality any one to direct it usefully, or,
indeed, to avoid doing great mischief in attempting to
regulate it ; to do this, which will be an inevitable
consequence of putting anything less than the entire
management and responsibility into official bands,
would be, we are persuaded, detrimental to the
security of the system, and thereby injurious
rather than conducive to the. public interests.
The recommendation of the Westbourne jury may
be divided into two heads, on both of which they
desire the inrposition of the state. T'hev would
first have "a cientific public officer" appointed, to
decide upon the use of all engines "about the safety
of which great difference of opinion exists." They
would also forbid any engine whatever to be used,
whether " new, altered, or repaired," until it has been
first examined and approved of by the said officer.
We shall dismiss these two pieces of their advice
before proceeding farther. In the first case named it
will be proper to observe what is meant by
the difference of opinion that exists concern-
ing . the qualities of certain descriptions of
engines. It is, in reality, that an some
pronto:ides of eonstruction the highest prac-
tical authorities in the kingdom, the men of moat
knowledge and experience, are not quite agreed—that
these are " differences of opinion, as to length of
boiler, petition of bowlegs, &0., between men en-
gaged foe the last twenty years in planning, building,
surimg, and repairing thus machines. This dif-
ference is not only assumed to be dangerous, but it is
also summed that it can be determined, to some useful
end, by "a scientific' pulls aldose—in other work
by new see—for swerament kw no others at call,
and can obtain no ethers, even would it condescend
to employ practical men—wko• kacnrs no more
of Ws subject time can be learned from
written treatises, or from collecting, in casual
obits to railway workshops, such information
as can be there premed by a brigadier five the
wockman er kreanme—indirmaties, we take have to
lei that will qty as ems to decide ea e Mariam
or opinion," in which sal treellien et-eale7s et =BY
ether question, is involved between men who have
bee themselves the invades ef the machines and,
in hourly contact with thek &bib and application ever
dew they began to be ma& • To repeat any motel
emelt from thus inverting the eondittiee on width
authority should depeadw wadi be mere trifling. It
seande wsask ens s la a arenweiekie speak
elles
peeeennplowont 'Wow" controlling the
%deism ef ear peastimi segheses,bat when we come
to amminine the relative mensal each for acquiring just
Zarit will be head that the wisdom of the
ould be onestiting like that of setting a lee-
terse OK strategies, hem he Sandhurst illemy to
amide ea the pia of a battle ever the boob of a
esendl of veteran ism. Of sock a wheal. as this
tinsellbst might be eseolimsbiseasegh. These might,
in both saes, dinortime ad waste of life in ahem-
damsel bat bNls hopes et impend safety in either.
we aprebead.
The same remark will apply AO mere st=e-
the.pien of making this Midst inopeeter's
an indisponsable waddles of the ose of an ennim‘
whet/maw% altered. ea .paid." It must ISM
be raposiml, is tie arse piesp, that no railway snot
piny, o kwass.o•ol.l, will, for the Wronged of
all mesas Seat et self-interest namely, wit-
West an let ate or unwire locomotive to week.
Uwe era be as miles whatever to tempt them to any
welorisk there are.iinay tentake all concerned dread
awl do all is their pewee to Paid it. A &flare on
the line, eves who we Mel limier hippest, it not
only a very expo** WINN* be dm aim =weed-
ingty diatewslogabileuelgeetwolialbagmegment.
It imam ilmlckholia Arid a) at:4l=r,
onswassiti glyersh•

draws down upon them the ill-will of their employers,
whom, by-the-bye, it is the grossest mistake to sup-
pose less sensitive on the subject of accidents than any
" public officer" could be. These men, as well as
their employers, therefore, have every reason to avoid
using unsafe engines; and they ale, moreover, the
only parties who can know whether they are in a
safe condition for working or not. This is a point
which uninformed persons are not aware of: it
is one, the understanding of which is of absolute
Importance to any judgment of the value of
such advice as we have been discussing. The
public, should know that, whether there is a govern-
ment inspector or not, the only party whose know-
ledge of the state of the engine can be relied on as a
means of safety, most be the foreman who has had it
I under his care in the shed. No other examination,
for such a purpose, is worth a straw. We have
I heard an intelligent working engineer state—and we
have seen enough of the locomotive to be satisfied it
was truly said—that an engine might be sent out
of the workshop in such a condition, in many
different respects, as to be sure to break down,
or blow up within the first mile, yet so that no in-
spector whatever could discover—by viewing it when
sent out—what was amiss, or that anything, indeed,
was wrong. The oare of the machine, for any object
of use or safety, must therefore depend upon those
who have the charge of fitting and repairing its
several parts. The conclusion from this fact is the
same as we have already stated on the other. Either
you must put this ease in all its details wholly into
the hands of " scientific public officers,"—make them,
in short, the working foreman altogether, or, in other
words, take the service wholly into the charge of a
new set of hands; or the public inspector, however
chosen or appointed, will be a mere cypher, for any
good to be done, and the responsibility, thee as now,
must be left with the working parties.
This is the most important point of the question ;
but it is not the only one. The inspector can do
nothing, indeed, to ensure public safety, but his in-
terference in the way proposed, if used at all, may
cause a great deal of trouble and hindrance, which is
sure to fall ultimately on the public, either in the
way of detention to the trains, or by adding to the
expenses of the system that will have to be recovered
in the way of extra charges. The official inspector
once on the spot, the managers will take good care to
throw upon him all the onus of all that goes wrong ;
and will have very good right to do so; and the
motive they now have to take care, while no one
stands between them and public opinion, will be in
a great measure destroyed, to the serious detriment of
public safety. This is a topic which want of space
compels us to notice thus briefly. We must, for the
same reason, defer to anether occasion, the considera-
tion of the second head of the Weetbourne jury's
advice—that, namely, which concerns the engine-
drivers.

AT the east end of London, in a large and populous
parish, known as St. George's-in-the-East, is a clergy-
man, holding the office of rector, who has on various
occasions made his name very prominently, and, as
we should think, verydisagreenbly, notorious.
The parish of St. George's is a peculiar one. For
the most part it is inhabited by the poorest of the
poor; bat, on the other hand, there is a respectable
middle class, who some years ago presented a speci-
men of an almost united body of church-goers.
After Mr. KING read himself in, there occurred, how-
I ever, various schisms in the parish. Into these wei
need not enter. They ended in vestry meetings, at
which there occurred scenes of the utmost violence;
and the vestry meetings resulted in the not unfre-
lquent parochial resolutions to stop the clock, cut off
the gas, lock up the organ, and set the rector, as it
were, at defiance. The congregation, it is almost
unnecessary to add, dwindled by degrees from
upwards of a thousand to some thirty or forty, and
the parish has knee remained a deplorable instance
of religions discord.
Why we recur to this unhrei7 history is very
There easily explained. ap in our columns a
day or two ago, under the of "Inquests," an
account of the death of a poor little female child,
aged five weeks, the illegitimate offspring of an unfor-
tunate, deserted being, who had been driven by
hanger and misery to give birth to her infant in the
St. George's workhouse. The mother, who appeared
in a very weak condition, having told her tale of the
birth and death of the child—how it died at her
breast in the open street, partly from want of nourish-
ment, partly from convulsions—the following dia-
logue occurred :
Coroner: Has your child been christened ?—Witness: No,
sir.—Coroner: How is that ?—Witness : The rector will not
baptise the children of single womea.—A Juryman : What,
the rector will not baptise illegitimate children: Mr. Coro-
ner, do you bear that I—The Coroner, to the master of the
workhouse: Mr. Stokes, is that correct?—Mr. Stokes: Yes,
sir, it is perfectly true : our rector (Mr. Bryan Hint) Poti•
lively refuses to christen illegitimate children, and will not
church the mothers.
Under what canon does the reverend rector found
such a rule as this ? It is certainly** to *seer per-
sons from the crime of giving birth to illegitimate
children. But is this to be done by making not
merely a worldly but a religious outcast of the child ?I
We can only construe such conduct ore the part of a
clergyman into a belief that the rite of baptism has
neither value nor consequenoe in it. For assuredly,
if any clergyman did believe that the want of bap-
tism has the awful consequence which we all believe,
he could not think of inflicting it upon a helpless and
guiltless infant.
Mr. BRYAN Kiwi should certainly be made to
know the Bishop of LONDON'S opinion on the sub-
ject. Some time book the rector of St. Barsabas, in
Goswell-street, did the truly apostolic act of collecting
all the unbaptized children in his parish, chiefly ille-
gitimate, to the number of 450, and christened them.
For this he had the thanks of the Bishop of LONDON.
What the Rev. BRYAN KINO deserves, we leave to
the Bishop's consideration.

THERE are few institutions in our country which
else so much to the great names that have been con-
nected with them as the. London College of Physi-
dins. Pounded by LIRACRE, and adorned by the
names of HARVEY, SYDENHAII, Mean, HIEERDEN,
WILLIAM Hunts, EMI LIE, and a host of others, it
may seem to some almost like impiety to doubt its
utility, and sacrilege to touch its privileges. But
when an institution has outlived the wants of society
that called Mirth, it becomes imperative either to
put an end to it altogether, ea to render it in some
doge roe beneficial, instead of being absolutely per-
nicious. The College of Physicians as the only
medical institution of the country, and the Col-
lege of Physicians as a jealous rival .fig, other
powerful medical bodies, are two different. things.
The one was undoubtedly'is. honour and a bless-
ing to the land which gave it birth, the latter
le not lees certainly an evil of enormous magnitude.
The evil of the London College of Physicians aria*,
as we hate Wine pointed out, not so much
from its
pessaraing legal power, as from the prol-
e eannistni with its tirsme legal position. The
however his eassatlen may have been
mod fir, although not dixested to practising in
Landes, is comitantly met with this prestige in
favour of the licentiates of the London Col-
lege. Hospital committees and dispensiag managers
assume that a man is not " legally qualified " to prac-
tie physic unless he has its license; and most dili-
gently do the members of the college, who have been
unneesmarily mulcted of their sixty pounds, strive to
keep app this delusion. The licentiates of the college
nose hrUdden, on pain of fining and expulsion, from
emsalting with physicians who have net submitted
to the degradation of a second examination before the
college censors, and the penalty of the heavy college
fee. It is of this false position of the college that we
complain, a position which has been thrust upon it'
by its own apathy and indifference to the advance-
ment and welfare of the medical. profession as a
whole, and which is alike dishonouring to the noble
names which have beenotanseted with it, as it is dis-
creditable to those who support it. The college is at
the present moment • pretense, a sham, a body
pretending to be something In the eye of the law which
it is not ; rt is as much an imposition on the public as
the self-assumed title of " professor" of the vender of
ointment, or the more pompons assumption of " Col-
lege of Health" for the pill-shop of Dr. Moarsos.
We say this more in sorrow than in anger. No
medical institution in this country has amongst its
members greater elements of power. Its licentiates
are the picked men of the profession. the most aspir-
ing and cultivated from amongst the mass of medical
men; and why should they need protection, to
ensure them a success which was never denied
to talents of the highest kind ? The character and
honour of everymember of the college are involved
in the ' which have been made by the

president
the tete parTiemeltary
the reirieteetien
~mfePdi~airk.-I.],
worecitak! away 1:14
the---

tent to the of that bran,ell of ti..4*
over which the college preside*? Now gei-elifs;
think, lies the error of the present manager and ad-
visers of the college. They always assume that it
possesses " powers " and "function." from the law
which have been long since abrogated. The Apothe-
caries' Act of 1815 gave all the licentiates of the
Apothecaries' Society power to act as physicians, and
not one of this numerous body can the college prevent
from practising any department of their profession in
England and Wales. The only persons whom the
censors of the college could prosecute with any chance
of success are graduates of Scotch and Irish universi-
ties, without any other qualification, acting as physi-
cians ; but even in this instance their difficulties are so
great at the present day that it is many years since
they have attempted a prosecution. Is it then foe
this remnant, this shadow of a shade of legal power,
that the college so ostentatiously contends? Shred
u it is, Dr. PARIS is obliged, under the searching ex-
amination of the committee, to admit that it is useless.
" We have," he says, "a legal power; bat, un-
fortunately, we have not the means of exercising that
power.' Surely, then, it is something worse than
idle to contend for the possession of such a power.
But Dr. PARIS is wiser than he thinks: further on in
hie examination he admits that the great influence of
the college is a moral one. It must be evident to all
that the moral influence of a thousand men exercising
the highest branch of their profession, and devoted to
its science and literature must be great; but that this
is dependent on their legal position, or the legal
powers and functions of the college, we entirely deny.
We will take the College of Surgeons as an example.
That body has never had any legal power of pro-
secuting those who do not submit to its examinations,
and we would bring it forward as a triumphant proof,
that a medical institution without "legal powers"
can become a centre of organisation for the profession
and develop its resources to the utmost extent, whilst
those which bristle with the protection of legal power
may " unfortunately not have the means of exercising
that power." We are not admirers of the present
constitution of the College of Surgeons, but its JOHN
BUNTERS, its ASTLET COOPERS, its BENJAMIN Bao-
DIES, its lectures, its library, its studentships, its
noble Hunterian Museum, and, above all, its profound
Hunterian Professor, RICHARD OwEN, are abundant
eeidenees that the power of prosecution and the moral
Moue, of an institution are wide as the poles
maim
mach, then, for the objection that the Medical
'ltegistelloll Bill takes away the power of the col-
should think its best friends could wish it
no better lack. But Dr. PARIS has another grave
objection to Mr. \VARLET'S bill. It gives power to
the Secretary of State to superintend, by means of a
commissioner, the examinations made at the various
colleges and universities for the purpose of ascertain-
ing that the examinations are of a character to entitle
those submitting to them to the right to practise. Now,
it appears to us that this is a most essential element
of medical reform. The state ought to have some
better guarantee of the fitness of men to practise
medicine than they have at present. The College of
Physicians itself, according to the evidence of their
registrar, lets loose upon society sometimes very in-
oompetent men; and some of the most notorious
quacks of the present day are writ as licentiates
amongst its chronicles. The College of Surgeons,
even, have given their diploma to a pastry-cook with
• six months' furbish ! The actions for malpraxis
against licentiates of the Apothecaries' Society, have
not been singular. An Edinburgh M.D. has occa-
sionally found it difficalt to persuade the medicine-
venders in Bridge-street that he was quite qualified
to practise as an apothecary ; and the double dignity
of M.A. and M.D., conferred at St. Andrew's, has
not always been found to be the beat guarantee of a
man'soompetency to practise physic. Under these dr.
camistanua, some such power as that which the Medical
Registration Bill confers on the Secretary of State, is
absolutely necessary: " But," says Dr. PARIS, "it
appears that a physician, a surgeon, or apothecary,
might come to sit in our college, and might report to
the Secretary of State his opinion on the validity of
our examinations." He here insinuates that the

Secretary of State would send an improper or inferior
man, but surely Dr. PARIS Mad forget that the
Secretary of State is as much amenable to public
opinion as the fellows of his own college, or the
examiners of any medical institution ; and, as he
could have no other motive for exercising his func-
tions but the public good, he would be much more
likely to be impartial in his choice of a commissioner
than they are in the conduct of their examinations.
We have not space to-day to follow the venerable
president through his other objections to Mr. WAK-
I LEY'S bill, some of which are amusing enough. He
gravely objects to the power which this bill would
give to physicians to recover fees in a court of law,
as derogatory to their character. He thinks it a
reasonable state of the law, and "one that has pre-
served very much the dignity of the profession," that
the college should license one set of physicians for
the country, and another for London. He is further
opposei to the bill becoming law, because it recog-
nises but one grade, and he believes that the " general
tone of the profession would be very much lowered
indeed," a result which he should regret, as he
wishes "to see the profession confined to highly
respectable people, as it is at the present moment."
We are glad, however, to find that the opinions
of all the witnesses from the college do not ex-
actly coincide with those of their president, and we
feel persuaded from the lone of the examination and
the nature of the evidence, that legislation of some
form or another must follow the labours of the select
committee on medical registration.

The following appeared in part of our yesterday's 1
impression :
Our Paris despatches of Sunday have reached us.
The Conatilutumnel says :
The Bank at Franca appears decided upon taking an inte-
r= of 26,000,000 in the ensuing loan. It is said the
military have had a hand in this resolve. In fact, it appears
rednadentaadessf subscript= cams slowly to the Receveur-
's sad the Aguas de Change, sad the ministry is in
Mat
the trereakai a the tank may gi' e • stimulus
Mike ithwelptlia. A journal says this morning that there
la =MI MIMS te believe this decision el the bank will give
ries to arra, which would consist in soliciting the govern-
otootto owtheoha the increase et the social capita of the
risk te trams. We sr putty certain that, for the
=lrat lead, lee such thing is la -asateraplation • and, in
k net fito the bank k reshasiag rick that it can
have the ant Ihrehe twiressia. its espial. Without
entering fate a tottimiwo drwallwa to will merely say
that the booth =pow huff lois* anoWnta in interest.
itself at the rear marsat Ia the lean. It will be La-
nguor sod how haw it patellar, so*, wbea it dose not
hallo a halo in twobk it to rause the rate of dia.
ontat M IS. hawse staarlazd ? Now ft will be feared that
this reductional, dbasuat so ardently expected in trade should
be postowasil
a•of immobilisation of the capital
which can be a
ctin this groat atabliihraent. These
are subjects to whit the beak eight le give mature vitia-
tion before it err te a dares. .
_ _ _

The Madrid mails of the 19th have arrived. The
same apparent harmony continued to prevail in the
royal family. The queen-mother dined every other
day at the palace. The queen and the king-sort
appeared every evening in the royal box at the opera.
The ministerial journals find matter for animadversion
on the British minister in the circumstance of his
having, on the occasion of a late audience granted him
by the queen, presented himself to her majesty in a nit
of black clothes instead of a court-dress. Count Banta
Colonna was to retire from the office of Major-domo,
and to be suoceeded by the Marquis de Mitigates,
The Duke de Baylen was appointed Commander of
the Halberdiers. General Fulgerio was appointed
Governor of Madrid.

A letter from Madrid, quoted by L'Uttiost)Mo-
turrchique, says that immediately on his accession
to power, Narvaez despatched a courier to Loudon,
with letters demanding the recall of Mr. Balwer.
It is supposed that Gonzales Bravo will be am-
bassador from Spain at Paris.

The complaint and reclamation, made at Rome
against the conduct of the French goverument in the
Aar of the supply of muskets, lately purchased in
France by the agent of Pius IX., are loud and
general Captain Lopez, who was cemmiesioned by
the court of the Vatican to obtain the necessary sup-
ply of arms, has been, according to the most respect-
able Roman journals, tricked by M. Guizot and
General TrezeL After having been detained for

squadron way sqrprusenmr me snores of naly, uu
that it would be resolved into three divisions, which
would take their positions respectively at Naples,
Civita-Vecchia, and Leghorn.

The advice' brought by every mail which crosses
the Jura indicate more and more clearly the immi-
nence of a conflict in the Swiss confederation. Our
last despatches from Berne are to the 22nd. On the
20th a session of the diet was held, at which the
proclamation intended to be addressed to the govern-
ments and people of the cantons of the Sonderbund
was read and adopted by the same majority of twelve
whole and two half cantons as have concurred in all
the late measures of the diet. The proclamation,
conceived in a spirit of studied moderation, and
expressed in the most conciliatory language, disclaims
most emphatically any intention on the part
of the diet to encroach on the sovereignty of the
cantons, to aim at any acquisition of rower
for the federal government beyond that conferred
upon it by the pact, or to interfere in any man-
ner with the freedom of conscience or the play of the
religious and political institutions of the cantons re-
spectively. Fourteen commissioners have been elected
by the diet, two to visit each of the seven cantons of
the league, to make a last effort at pacification before
recourse is had to armed force. These envoys are to
take with them the proclamation, and to require the
cautonal authorities to circulate it among the people,
with the view of inducing them to reconsider their
late decisions. These commissioners are also in-
structed to nee all means of persuasion with the
cantonal governments, or with the landsgemeinde, if
the latter should be convened, to induce them to com-
ply with the recommendations of the proclamation.
The proclamation is mainly directed to demonstrate
the illegality of the Sonderbund. The terms of the
pact are quoted, and it is shown how entirely in-
compatible with this is any separate league of the
cantons. The commissioners are directed to report
the result of their mission with all practicable expedi-
tion to the diet.
The debate of the Diet, on the 20th, at which this
proclamation and the instructions to the commis-
sioners were adopted, proved that they could lead to
no result. Indeed it is apparent that the majority
have not adopted these measures with any real ex-
pec.ation that they would be productive of auy change
in the resolutions of the primitive cantons. The real
purpose of the proceeding. is to put these cantons more
palpably in the wrong in the eyes of the rest of
Europe, by affording the most glaring evidence that
nothing was neglected by the diet which could lead toil
good understanding with the cantons before resorting
Ito armed force. The catholic cantons see this ; but,
right or wrong, are resolved not to bring the procla-
' mation of the diet before the landsgemeinde.
At the conclusion of the debate on the 20th the
deputy of the canton of Zag made a proposition that
the diet should withdraw its decree against the
Jesuits, and give the catholic cantons certain guaran-
tee., and that on such condition Zug would separate
from the league and use its influence to obtain its dis-
solution. Such a proposition was, however, illusory,
as it would pledge the majority to stultify itself by
yielding unconditionally every point in dispute, and
admitting implicitly that all its previous resolutions
were untenable and wrong.
In the course of the sitting the Bernese government
made several communications to the diet respecting
the movement of troops in the several cantons. The
fact of the seizure of the military hospital stores made
by the government of Lucerne from the federal com-
missary, and the order to the federal colonel, Kern, to
quit Lucerne in two hours, was communicated by the
president, and defended by the delegate of Lucerne, on
the plea that the stores had been packed at night, and
that they were seized because Lucerne was responsible
for them. . .

The points where peace is, at this moment, in the
most precarious position are the cantons of Berne,
Lucerne, Armin, Friburs, Vaud, and the Valais.
In the sitting of the diet of the 21st, the proposition
of the deputy of Zag (above mentioned) was formally
put, and seconded by one of the deputies from Basle.
It was rejected without discussion.
M. Dufour, of Geneva, an officer of engineers, and
a former eliive of the Polytechnic School, at Paris, was
appointed general-in-chief of the federal army. This
officer is about sixty, and favourably known as the
author of some works on fortification. M. Prey-
Herose, Federal Colonel, is appointed chief of the
staff.

The Smuts Federal Gazette publishes the following
letter addressed by the Pope to the nuncio, at
Lucerne :

Monseigneur: The Helvetic Diet was to open this day. I
All the neighbouring nations will attend to its proceedings
with the utmost solicitude, as the pease of Switzerland, the
preservation of the federal compact and of the cantonal
governments will depend on the questions debated, and
decided on by its members. But we, who from the sub-
lime elevation of our apostolic ministry, place religious
conditions far above political reasons, but too well com-
prehend, with all the affection of a father, and with
heart-felt grief, the danger to which this generous nation
is expesed. We behold the internal dimensions which mi.
tate it, and with an humble heart we fervently pray the
Lord to prevent them, by tempering the over-excited ardour
in their minds, from throwing themselves headlong into open
war, and not to allow the soil of Switzerland to be embrued
with the blood of brethren. We pray for all those who invoke
with us, the name of God in spirit and in truth. We do not
I pray lets for those whom we desire to see united to us by the
1 ties of the most tender love, at whatever period it may be ;
and as far as our voice can lse heard through the tumult of
passions, so far do we wish you to make it remand in every
part of Switzerland. The Lord, who inspires such desires
to our soul, will lend to our voice sufficient force to restore
peace to these hearts troubled by angry passions' and will
fecundate, by his grace, the apostolic blessing which we
bestow upon them from the bottom of our heart.

MADRID, Ocr. 19.
The Faro is fretted at symptoms of the reviving
ascendancy of Mr. Bulwer and appeals to Lord Palmerston
against the naughty proceedings of the English Ambassador.
The puerile querulousness of this is almost droll. Reports
have reached the Faro that certain people in their vine to
the pairs presume to dispense with the official dear pro-
scribed by etiquette, and venture into the peasmos of the
Queen (Aorrencians nefas) in suits of mere bLek and white.
But the inconceivably turgid vein in which this charge is
worded, out of the majestic Castilian tongue it Is quite im-
possible to render. The next crime of Mr. Bolo=
upon Lord Palmerston's attention it., that he is the'
(chief) of a party possessed of destructive ibis. But
I cannot pursue this rigmarole of Anse any further, however
sincerely desirous of helping the Faro's complaints to reach
the ear of Lord Palmerston.
The Clamor hes heard that just before Narvaex's aceession
rimer, all the mein of the royal household were eapi-
in 3 pee oast stock to the value of 100 salons of
rule, the enoessous helms& of which will ham to le paid by
the nation. Of all the =dust, arbitrary, sad awns '
positions that have been inflicted dating the last Ivor yam,'
Done can be osmium& fa Iniquity to this. In virtues/ what
right or principle have the le been buidsseel, with so'
heavy • ohmage ? The oapest of this siowleises swedes,
end of the person was— therein, who teatherein, slasalsge of
the ssousaat s sic* IS. night serve as a key* &Wl** cer-
tain mysteries has Wild* the Clamor will eater 11011.0 ex-
plicitly, when Barside* with more facts.
The news fns Catalonia by the last two owls presents
very little interest. The column of San Color, donondang
the reap road Deem Nassalst, perceived that the ksad of
Garrets, numbers. Most 100, had taken up on
the mountains ot Own essence. An soak
place, in which tels ebb were killed and some efoirlei.
Many Culla' la dlillaront parts had presented thrombus
for pardon. The ashissiDa. 114suel Vila, had hued a imam
from Paredes he melon iseal to the towns by edgosale.
ing the excuses of ohs rebels, sad preadalas *pada se-
verely all who osaulletel theeneelves like Wpm* The
column of Mamas, osier D. Facunndo Enrique' after a
I.2=st. weiriseh the united bands of Aron dela. Pada
de Owlet, satonatiog to 100 may la Was.
Two of She rebel we Mild in the fight whisk sawed, sad
a pug tam
ni s
to
whosagbol taken prisoner sall *mu
sae& shoot was The same column took the next,
*sr prisoners. A t, trying awe% was
drowned in the Lislwapt.sirC to y
recruits, under D.
Yrea-
olseo Javier, made *sir Ist away of arms ass the nisila of
the 9th, in ',Overt, nabs* the band of Grime, whim" shay
put to rout, killing two. The Aladde of Costars*, isi lbo
night of the 9th, 'accoutred,* by some citizens, molls& la
the bromism, attacked a band of rebel& of whom they Idled
one, sad pas to tight the reel.
The Hera* heals is abaft with the sets of the secret
oesidary Pepe in the Quirinal on Oat. 4, in
whisk the following are appointed to Spanish sees :
Toledo, Dm Inas= y Orbe ; Burgos, Don Ramon
Massa; Card** Dos Yanuel Taranson ; Signora, Don
Ferssailes Oaths. Ifs thralelo takes occasion to souses-
Wahl the sad the government on the happy ter-
ming*a of the belerreptloo of relations with Rome.
The gow*** Its decree of indulgence to tke
papas odor pasediss with this noteworthy expression :

tara
- . • .
brie givearat ether Majoly resolved upon purse.=
et eamplett Algslity, Ike. ' Norma loges no
selloolliog lofaldo misgivings excited by the memory
Ws fferiabbem Ant Beltran de Lis has been ap-
Miesellor of dr treasury ; and F4emor ruche y
04801.= oodipood the poet of sub.secertary of state,
has boom sa fieryosio wad councillor. The old Duke
of Boyles (Contamo) bow appointed captain of balber.
..e.Cmnt Papoomostro woad chief, in place of Gen.
who has resigned bisoonimand. Gen. Espeleta,
Fat=fGranada, has teen appointed captain-general of
the Canaries; Gen. Montero, tad mho of Granada ; Gen.
Linares, governor of Madrid, 2nd cabo of Seville ; and Gen.
Pulpit), governor of Madrid.
Yesterday afternoon Gen. Pore*, the officer I believe
who lately aspired to the hand of the Infante Donna Josef*,
*as Limited by the Cepteln-General of Madrid while in the
palace waiting to have the honour of kissing her Majesty's
hand, and ordered to quit Madrid 111 24 hours. On Friday,
in the hall of the Minuter of Finance, took place the cool, r.
enc. announced between the committee of Catalan TIMM-
Jactarers and the Ministers of thnte and Finance.
Senor_ Salamanca had settled that the commissioners
...

should come to Madrid on thr lst of October for
the settlement of the cotton question. The Senores
Domenech and Mader, speaking for the rest, stated
that the ministry of Senor Salamanca hod created alarms
which had passed away with the accession of the present
ministry; and of course begged as hard as possible for pro-
tection, without showing better reasons than usual. The
Duke of Valencia replied that this was a matter that would
be submitted to the Cortes, who would deal with it as they
saw proper; but it appeared to him that no muse for alarm
in the manufacturing districts existed ; and that he (as far as
he was concerned) should always do his best to protect native
industry. The President of the Council then retired, leav-
ing the committee highly gratified.

BELGIUM.—BRUSSELS, OCT. 23.—FORMATION
OP A CONSULTING COMMITTER POE Tlil AFFAIR'S OP
FLANnzas.—The ministry have at length fulfilled the pro-
mise whieh they held out on their appointment, to take into
consideration the affeirs of Flanders, which have been gra-
dually growing worse, till they have sunk to so low an ebb,
that all the energies of men of benevolence and wisdom will
be required to lift it out —A ministerial disposition of the
12th of this month established in the secretaryship general
of the interior a special bureau for the affairs of Fiasders.
M. Deham, chef of the bureau of the interior, is appointed to
fill the same functions in this special bureau.
HOLLAND.—HAGCE, Ocr. 22.—Srmac OP THE
STATES•GICHRRAL —At the session of the 21st, presided over
by M. Luyben, the committee charged with presenting to
the Killg the list of three candidates, for the nomination of
one for the office of president, made its report of the result
of its mission. It appeared that by a royal decree his Ma-
jesty had bees pleased to nominate, ss president of the pre-
sent session, M. Boreel Von Rogelanden. M. Luyben ceded
the fauteuil to the new president, and congratulated
him on his nomination. M. Boreel took his seat,
and male the following address :—" The confidence of your
high mightineems escifirmid by the choice of the King, has
conferred upon me the presidency during the present session.
This distincti, n is the more dear to me, since I recognise in
it the proof that during the five years that I have taken part
in your important legislative labours, I have the approbation
of your high mightinesaes ; but while I know how to appre-
ciate this distinguished proof of your confidence, I cannot
conceal from myself the arduousness and the delicacy of the
task which you have imposed upon me, and how impossible
it will be for me in any degree to equal my ho-
nourable predecessor, whom we all regret to see no
longer among us. I should undoubtedly have hesi-
tated and have shrunk from the importance of the high
functions of the presidency, were I not sanctioned by
the conviction that the same good fooling which called me to
this post will accompany and support me in the duties which
are attached to it —Noble and mighty lords, the present session
of the states-general pmenta the highest :nterest. Besides a
great number of highly important projects of law, there
will be presented to your high mightinesses, on the part of
the government, projects of law for the revision of our funds-
mental law. I hereby declare that I accept the functions of
the presidency of the states-ge,,eral."—A committee was
formed to consider the answer to the speech from the throes.
SAXONY.—DREaDEN, OCT. 18.—CONGRE.t3fi ON
POSTAL REFORM.—The first sitting of this congress was
held this day, under the direction of the Austrian com-
missioners. The following gentlemen have been deputed
from Austria:—Herr Nell von Nellenburg, Herr von
Turneretscher, and Herr von Fries, from Prussia ; Herr
von Metzner from Bavaria ; Herr von Bruck from Saxony ;
Herr von Khrenstein end Herr von Schimpff, from Han-
over; Herr von Frieslard, from Wurtemherg ; Dr. von
Knapp from Baden ,- Herr von Mollenbec, from Denmark,
for Holstein and Lunenburg, Herr Monrad ; from the
Netherlands, for Luxembourg, Herr Ulveling ; front Bruns-
wick, Herr Rebentroff ; from Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Herr
TOR Pritzbuer ; from Lubeck, Dr. Sievers; from Bremen,
Herr Duckwitz ; from Homburg, Herr Hemel, ; and for the
direction of Tour and Toxis, Herr Walter.
BAVARIA.—MUNICH, Ocr. 20.—The Chamber of
Deputies Bavaria, after having deliberated for some date
on the question relative to the liberty of the press, decided,
on the t s th, that a petition should be presented on this subject
o the King. The following are the contents :-1. The cen-
°robin is not to interfere in any question which shall con-
cern merely home affairs-2. The German papers already
submitted to the censorship in the locality in which they are
printed are not to be submitted to the Bavarian censorship.
—3. The impedimenta existing in the post-office, relative to
the distributing of the non-prohibited periodical publications,
are to be put a stop to immediately.-4. The seizure of
writings and printed papers is to take place conformably to
the letter of the paragraphs 6--11. Oa the other hand, such
seizures are not to be allowed upon the persons of owners,
and on private societies. MR chamber having, by a great
majority, adopted these conclusions, respectfully entreat his
Majesty to deign to order an official law to be published and
printed oa the liberty of the press, as well as the articles con-
cerning the delivery ofjournala.

BE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBEIV, 26 j 847
,- • ?
.'E' -... ..::'-."
!sided and fellows who were examined before abort; six weeks in Faris on the. geed M
ids ParlPimakar, estmaitbse, ow* the sultiectref Winces • and amused , with ildamse '
t registrabon el heal s4iMa Illsciitiobere In 'ornw_?as desired tetow le Teallon•lll=tarashg
disissralkliori• '.*ne riltsident of CAN th 4 4Kted arms stschlut eria.tit him only
. only
DAits,i= silo .to h.ardur *fetid, to him di:. vaire I coadaisool
r., malles D.
'Mt , that it Make and lkom*4ll6 Fasoet it world .01111 by
itateg• awl* h• 11 the-poison of the * Mto cir he wal eempoiktof -to ctiseSsl2,ooo.
t supervision and examination of physicians, and Is this the manner, it is asked, in which the cantons of
the functions of the college which are so impsr• the Sonderbund-have been supplied ?
it to the welfare of that bran* of the wrofeowtot !The *pawl ate, under the date of Florence,
sr which the college presidele Now &Tow, 4. the, 12thNhet., aye, that the British Mediterranean