The Express.
London, England, 1848-12-27 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY, EVENING, DECEMBER 27, 1848.
- --

HODDIIMPISLO, Deo. 26.—The do-
mw Zonal Wog
iteirS*nd
rnialeWo4,
• totilloollo Pei Ald.
i ready • ,
1111iTialiatiPionza. Doc 115.-4isitVesk Wag the
as. Migtmis slosii. which wss eagerly hawk% up
by lb* Wan% the sheer of ell each today wee greatly
debits; both se to ember and.m goruiltyie.rsit.
dkThee n eeei dolma& he
emerosemos ezesedis4 the ealy, 1.4
seise Ire Beata, aa lull IL Or ler ,
while rip .rd tha high rotas glom kr limn
some webs peened. Thim howeverb nue be oily
ateeperary, ea it I. probable, by the following week.** sew
tee will anima lee usual padres as rsgu the wessessey
supply of stook. Berta from 6s. 6d. to 7.. per slum Shop,
U. to 6d. per lb., alto Pigs, Os. 6d. to 7s. par stow.
SALISSUST, Dee. 26.—The supply of Cattle here today
wee large, though of very middling quality. The few par-
shuns is attendaDee ceased a very sluggish trade, art lie
prime wen almost nonsisal, though at the doss of the mate
ket there nmared but few unsold. Compared with tlis
day Walden, the supply of Sheep wsu ereedingly small ;
'leased, it was the nor.t supply we have withered for some
time past, though quite equal to the demand. The trade
wee very inanimate, but the few pees were s'ld, end at rinses
full, equal t. our last mukst. 'From the parity of Pius
ethibit..d today, the trade is totally stawortby of sots ; bat
pass were a trifle on Um &cline.
For Yroterday's trinkets ass Jost pp.

WOOL._

litmmytestitlaticas, in our very dancingproonts —ex-
ceplin ow English May-hawse& There, with some
and lichourshie limptimmerhose essellenceonly
mumunding tOgiosity more Marked, =di°.
=p dtarteektimand incempatenos are the prevailing
It is not royal patronage er private theatricals at
Windsor Palace, well intsatioued though they are,
that will restore the British Mtge. It is by compe-
tent players sad pempetsat managers only that its re-
storation can be achieved. And when such instru-
ments are to be found, the public will shower upon
them that success which, not having such agen-
cies, it now denies to the British stage.

settlement of some permanence; both appear to
approve of the principles of the village system, by
which land is sow being eassesed and settled in the
north western provinces foe periods of 20 and 30
yeses. But all this agreement is more of appearance
than of reality; for the whole question of settlements,
be theypermawot, fora longterm, or annual, is after
all one of terms sad of details; and on these points
Mr. blatialis and Mr. BROWN would, it is obvious,
differ as widely as they do on all leading subject&
When, indeed, they do coincide as to measures and
principles, they immediately dissent as to means and
machinery. Thus, for example, both regard roads
and pablio works as the ind.spensable preliminaries
of Mum improvement. But whilst Mr. Bnown is
quits melds that they could be executed and main-
, lama by means of tolls and local taxes, Mr. MANGLES
is jest as po-itive that it is in vain to lo,k to such
seeress of revenue as those to increase the facilities of
Indian intercommunicatioe. "I have not the smallest
doubt," Mr. /Snows assured the committee, "that it
would be posSble to introduce a system of local taxa-
[ tion for the maintenance of roads and bridges. • •
If the roads were made the people would not object
to pay. • • They are a people with whom you
can do anything, if you will but reason with them,
tell them it is for their benefit, for what purpose, and
that you do not mean to make it a subject of
fresh taxation, they will do anything for yon :
ats 9 s
ath s
wow
in s a . I
sc,
"Could
zed
timdu
cu,ol a
ihrdra
seewprhpl:it
ilhineensothmncountry,
t 0 se rational,
dftranittbb
yec civilised s a peoplegciatt;weiromy oicy,miboinyfniirreconcilable
otAtgte
eih: c
anes o.mud,ico
sotthia
x hieniviwatngotro
rttiuuheoe
:0:
sudiheiits::Xffit.oltieb:sniiiii
on the face of the earth." Mr. MANGLES, on the other
eantenittee appears to have been sadly perplexed. It
would have none of the report prepared for its adop-
tion by Mr. Batonr ; but as little was it swish. d
with
the report produced by Sir JAMES HOGG. Accord-
lingly, it consigned the task of drawing up a report to
Sir EDWARD COLESIMOKIS and Mr. WILSON PATTEN ;
and then we have that document full of evident
desires to promote Indian prosperity, but not at all
certain how it can best be promoted. It runs with
Mr. Ilitown, and it hunts with Mr. MANGLE& It
repeats all Mi. BROWN told the committee about the
" abject poverty". of the nation ; but it refutes to pro-
nounce any opinion as to its causes. It wishes to tee
those causes, whatever they may be, removed, but is
sally puzzled to point the means of their removal. It
enforces with mach pomp of diction all old platitudes
on the subject of India, but makes not one novel bug-
ostion ; and, perplexed between Mr.IIR(,WN and Mr.
MANGLEN, the report leaves the particular subject re-
ferred to very much where it found it—and that is in
darkness, though the evidence it took throws new and
valuable light on much that interests India mate-
rially.

Two of the leading witnesses examined before Mr.
BRIM* Cotton Committee were Mr. FRANCIS CAR.
NAO Bitown and Mr. Roes DONELLY MANGLE;.
They differed in all points as widely as the poles are
asunder; and in their differences both India and
England ere so deeply concerned as to render a state-
ment of them not only profitable but amusing.
Of English parents, Mr. BROWN was born in India,
hes resided there between 21 and 22 years at various
times : is the largest European holder and cultivator
of land in India ; stands in the relation of an ancient
Hindoo chief to the other proprietors of the fine pa-
rishes in the district of Tellicherry, where his estate
of Argerscandy is situated, and is well acquainted
with all the lower pert of India-
Mr. MANGLER is also hereditarily connected with
India, was resident in India abed 10 years as a mem-
ber of its civil eervice ; during thatriod he held
various offices in Bengal connected with the revenue,
terminating his Indian career ma a member of the
Beard of Revenue; but he has no personal know-
, ledge of the presidencies of Bombay and Madras.
ilorsivooceurahbislyrektunronwton
amEnthglee nwdritMerr.orMAaNOseerßiscshouy b
inte-
resting papers on India iu the Edinburgh Review ;
has been much esteemed in the House of Commons as
en authority on Indian subjects; and is now a director
of the Pant India Company.
In Indian circles Mr. BRowN is equally well
known and well appreciated ; all the faculties of his
well cultivated mind have long been directed to sub-
jects of Indian improvements; and, careless of sym-
pathy and regardless of want of assistance, he pur-
sues his career with undiminished zeal, earnestnese,
and conecientiousness.
Both are men of superior abilities and attainments;
both entertain strong opinions on all Indian queetions;
each expresses his opinions without the shadow of
doubt as to their accuracy. Mr. theme, in a spirit
of precise and firm, but inoffensive dogmatism; Mr.
MANGLE!', in language stronger and with temper
more apparent ; and if, at times, Mr. BROWN hest-
taws to apply te principles of political economy to
the realities of Indian life, hu has always the advan-
tage of ecrupulotemele over Mr. MANGLER.
Of Mr. BROWN, it may be add• el, that, . s
an ledisn landed proprietor, his interests are Toe appearance of an Oxford class list can scarcely
inseparable from the well-being of thee natives.
While of Mr. MANOI,EN it cannot escape attention lgrge.
be meted an • vent of deep interest to the public at
Even within the precincts of the university it
that he is, both from hie pest and his present position,
involved in the reputation of the Indian government, makes no groat noise : and what roiee it does make
is soon hushed. possibly the vainest of the succeedul
be it good or ill. candidates, going a day or two afterwards to hear
Viewing India from there two points, Mr. BROWN JENNY LIND, may flatter himself into the belief that
and Mr. MeNol.es see its actual condition with very some pi). rtion at least of the applause which greets the
different eyes. To Mr. lleowe, India appears rapidly Swedish nightingale, is intended for him. Possibly
retrograding in prosperity ; to Mr. Ketone" it seems the most disconsolate among the plucked men may
as Tepidly advancing in well-being. Tue following indite a pathetic letter to the principal examiner, telt-
are their general opinions, placed in juxtaposition: ing him that his cruelty has ruined the prospects of a
1111. Ifito.W.,. MIL 111.41.4L141• fellow-creature for life. Perhaps, too, the nine daye'
Ito sou believe tha the go- Lit your imunontliat theeffeet of
.roment of India t. Os to the the systno Of lan.l revenue under wonder may pass as a historical fact into the memory
lambi of the country or the hap. theouniptcy'sguvernatenticindis of some new of the collegiate bodies, which, win lc
Omen of the people l- -Within my have led to the limoveriamient of nthplwnerexotfextcoinvearitionng
otfhcae best
oewes.rthareriet I
be,e;,,Liontlizell:.4.ll-,
ethesthir.
tia4;.,,,,,itt.,r,,,,,,,,,,,..ti,,,,nt the dmanis• tr,umstainygbethgeliadr
,oiinV
"i Maitibm. W.", end lac ran 'lt'. r''''"lf' " has 4 Ira to .07 dates for fellowships, to have the testimony of the
iletwupermed, ap a country, tinder other, aid what, rt.ulnat-ao far
the operation or the government. from its het MI itAi to thme re- schools to guide them. But when this is said, pretty
Your belief to, and no doubt 'Mee, I believe that India has nearly ail is said. Even Oxford residents soon tire of
it is your umpcientams em. very greatly incressonl in wealth. talkie
ef a
p. e
so
ei nomenon which, in a meweat eidei-
mates, that the goventrurnt, aa lam sure that it haa vastly In- 111.•
at lament tataahtla.l. "Is to CP40.4 in the extent of maths. tar form, occurred half a year ago, and will occur
the lanowilay id the country and Don. ettoranomly, I may Pay, un- again in halt a year more. The water is sprinkled
the alvery of the people! --The der 9w government of the own-
government it the country has pony. I believe that the popitia- over tLe palrestre, the dust laid, and the whole buri-
illenetsilv tended wits Impose- teen nu reef Pea"y inerewd• nese over, before the world at large has thought of
rfatment and abasement of the and I helirve that the pi. •
people. gg.„pg,,,, of ti„. I, pie a,,, a,,,,, akin whether anything has been going ono.
TM uniiider, periods*, that oh bite yaws veer much unproved. Still, it may happen once in a way that a particular
it is a mi.fortune that the Sri- Will poor wiener apply te India
tea tamer ever famed ita say ovally! —To every part to class list gives fair occasion for more public comment.
to Islet -Th. Bennet lower nod nnkhat7Eunnlidge extend.. and There may be something intrinsically peculiar about
the Vest India oimpany's power generally. it : perhaps the honours given have been very few,
are two thinge eon nhally differ-
ent in principle, operation, end and people begin to talk of the numbor of promising
degree. yang men whose reputation has been sacrificed to
Mr BROWN attributes the cause of this country not the caprice of the examiners. Such was the case six
reeei ring large suppiten of native cotton entirely "to years ago when then eireematanee of only two names
the manner in which Italia he. hoes vvvverned by appearing in the first class in classics (as it is callei)
was taken rep to a certain extent as a subject of newt
the Ear' India Company." Mr. MANGLER, on the
other bard, ascribe.; the fact to the natives finding it paper discussion. Every one was sure, from the re-
, more profitable to cultivate other articles than cotton. suit, that there was a screw lease emewhire , either
The first step, says Mr. BROWN, that ought to be deserving men k,d felled because they had not read
taken to improve the cultivation of cotton, and in- with private tutors, or, worse still, the fire of honour-
crease the trade with this country, is to relieve the able ambition was going out altogether in the breast
lead that bears cotton from all tax. lf, replies Mr. of Young Oxford, being quenched by the superior
MANGLES, the land assessment were taken off to-mor- potency of the theological sun, then at its height :
row, the cultivator would not be able to raise produce the thing was symptomatic of evil, and must
cheaper than he now does: as a director he would be looked. to. And since the close of 15442 has
Dever consent to the reduction of the land assessment been matched by the close of 1848, some will
for any such object as the increase of the growth of perhaps reiterate the old complaint, and seek to fix
cotton, being quite convinced in his own mind, and some special stain on examiners or examined. But
having never seen argument worth anythinz to the it will be more useful, as it must be more generally
contrary, that the land Rearmament beers no part interesting, to look at the occurrence (such es q is)
whatever in preventing the cultivation of cotton, or purely ab extra—to seize on it as an opportunity of
diminishing the production of it. If the aseesiement saying a word or two on the system of examinations
be continued, sums up Mr. Bitowee, in any of the at Oxford, a topic which may now be considered as
cotter districts of India, the growth of cotton will be fairly before the public, thanks to the urgency of the
lost to that country in a greater or less epece of time.
and w vidua attempts both to obtain a heating recently made by indi-
ls within
Mr. BROWN holds the land assemsment, whether un-
The Cambridge system, now, we trust, shaken to
I der the Zemindary or Ityotwarry system, to be a
tax. its foundation by the new elements introduced a few
grievous
weeks ago, was most justly attacked for imposing, as
Be many of these lands where you think cotton might
be advantageously cultivated now grow the ordinary native the arbitrary condition of a candidate's attaining
succession of crops I—Yes. honours in one department, the necessity of profi-
And I presume, that unless they yielded the culti-
ciency in another totally different. Few persons, it
vate'. wine profit, he would not grow crops 2—The fits: want
ie ohewee, have anything like an equal aptitude for
there, of the cultivator as here, is food; and, therefore, he is ..
__" "-
enuisics and mathematics •. to most of those who are
bbeed to take land, as tieing the material whence his food is
likely to become distinguished in either, the oblige-
manufactured, on any teems dictated to him.
Do you consider that he would continue to grow a tion to seek one through the other would be a repeti-
sucoesion of native crop. unless the result of his cultivation tion of the " wild justice" of MEEENTIUB, a tying of
.
woo to some extent, however small, profitable to hint I—The the living to the dead. The Oxford system, as exist-
i videnoe to my mind is so unanswerable, that he obtains no in at present, is so far better, that its oounierpert is
profit whatever beyond his food, alter paying Ms assessment,
th it does not fix a premium on one branch of know-
that, as I said before, I think it irrefregable that he obtainsgat
no profit ledee at the expense of another, but makes the
Do you think that he obtains ne profit beyond the burden reciprocal, and also inasmuch as there is lees
chance of repugnancy between those which it unites
es indissolubly • but, with these exceptions, the ease
means of sustaining himself and his family I—And pa log
his ornament.
nuenie
e;nty_?o_u
charge may be
' pleaded against it. Classics, in the
willmiutttitoat abevhaserythirta
all
paymentteerstent; tia
"o
f ;hues teiusnae
Yes ; a mere sustenance. language of Oxford honours, include not only Greek
Far different, Mr. MANGLES: in his opinion the and Latin scholarship, but logic and moral philosophy
sessment isnt,
not a tax at all ;it is only a moderate —"science" they call it there—and ancient history.
re re
nt; to give it up would be madness : A candidate who would gain a first class, must be
distinguished in all these three eistinet provinces of
.I
sheilnietveh.thwejladn.d.tiaibpoifi ,
vnedti
that
atott
lthe..t ,
, beetmr form.
James o
hits
ill
knowledge, by no means requiring the same qualifice-
wag not far wrong when he said it provided for the wants of tiODS to master them. Of course DO rational examiner
government without in feat taxing anybody. • • • In will expect from any one equal attainments in all.
Generally he feels himself to be strong only in one—
he is known to the Oxford world, the
India the land revenue is not a tax, it is an approurittioTnho:
• society crested fund to the wants of society. •
younger
land tax is not paid by any one; it in a mere handing over of
rt of it es
a surplus feed, sod the result of giving it up would be, that Papecially, as a weak science man,
yen would erecte a edam of landowners who would take aa CI a bad scholar ; and he will hardly insist much,
rent what the government now take as revenue. • • • particularly in the Cabe of one whew bent may be as
decided ell his own, upon a thing in which he Is him,
se tenAt any rate, it may be
My friend, Lord Metcalf, always objected to the permanent
settlement ;he said "that it wag filing the revenue whilst lf defic. t. at once ad-
yen not fie the wants of the government ; and that you
never, front the nature and habits of the peop'e of India, milted that some consideration ordinarily is shown to
makes it probable that he will not have bestowed any
could find a substitute." a candidate whose tried excellence in one department
But be it tax, or be it rent, Mr. Brame would re-
ply, its effects are the same :
great measure of attention upon another. But this ,
Are there milions of the humeri rice cultivating the soil in leniency amounts, in fact, to a surrender of the '
India I—There are.
whole
intt Kisveraerristitiainct that the
as far ea your knowledge extends, do these millions mind be principle.discipli ne dlf
of cultivators realise anything beyond a mere c xigence, or be it so : let there be an examination es there is
the means of existence /—T lone dir. ctly concerned in the now—only see that bond fide discipline has
cultivation oh the soil, am far es my opportunities of obeerva. .
is, been gone
tion have gone, realise nothing more. through. As it there is practically none. A
Then what is their chief or only motive for &voting thorough acquaintance with any one subject, be it
themselves to the cultivatlOD of thetioil ?—The pressing wants philology, philosophy, or history, implies of coarse
of nature ; the necessity of getting food. both a knowledge of principles and a knowledge of
And wherever 0,1 plant their feet, there they come facts. He, therefore,
under the operation of this revenue system I—They do everye, who seeks not really to succeed,
but
merely
where. to pees muster in any one of them, will
Is it me the fact, that the amesonent through•iut probably scrape together a mixture of facts and prin-
Madras is so high, thrt it is never realised as a general rule? ciples—belf "cram" bitsfrom his books—half a jargon
—I believe that to be the fact, that in no one preview) is the of general talk—notions about the lawsof
is hole revenue realised within the year. language,
Thee, in fact, the rya of Madre is not a free agent, f
combined with very insufficient data, on plain points
capable cit turning his labour to a profitable account and o grammar—speculations on the origin of moral
meads( capital, but an anima doomed to cultivate the land obligation, backed by some hastily got up opinions of
that he may not die of starvation 5--3 he estimation in which Aricotle—views of the theory of history, assisted
a native kw always appeared to me to be held is, that he is by a memoria technics for a few stock Greek and
• lifflallf4l born to pay revenue to the Esq. India Company. Roman campaigns—altogether adegrading species of
The only subject on which Mr. BROWN sad Mr. compilation, designed elt to m e the neophyte appear
MANGLES have even the appearance of agreement is foe a few hours wiser than he really is, and then to
that they both condemn the Zemindary and the Ityot- be forgotten entirely. AU that it does is to alarm a
wary systems. Both utterly condemn the latter in man without any adequate object—to
give him a
principle, thengli Mr. MANGLES controverts the feeling that helm playing a dangerous game,• in which
extent evil courequeeees which Mr. BROWN he may be beaten at any
of
ascribes to it; both think the former to have pen to disgust him thoroughly moment, and, consequently,
with the system which
precut:o'y defective, in consequence of the lege rotes force* him to run such a risk. It wi be 'llssad, that
at which Lord CORNWALLIS permanently settled the he' might make all safe
by arming himself on all
land sesessmeet in Bengal; both are in favour of a points ; but few men will do