The Express.
London, England, 1847-05-15 00:00:00

Wit erprinso.

AWLS.

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MOH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE,
Tias Ml—Morning, 9 ann. post 3 ; Afternoon, 32 in. pod 2.
To-Moanoy—Marninc, 55 dn. post 2 ; Altemcce, 16 min. pig 3.

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 15.

THE party of the Irish landlords is certainly as
strange a monster as one can read of in fable. Its
growth and transformation, its disappearance and re-
appearance, are all wonderful and unaccountable. One
hour it covers the whole space of the new House of
Lords with its wine ; the next moment it creeps into
a nutshell at the bidding of its opponents. One day
the terror of the government, the bugbear of the press;
the next displays it as quite accommodating and
manageable.
In the case of the poor-law a little reason pre-
vailed over what, in reality, was a deception. Of
course it is natural and desirable that so great and
doubtful an experiment as that of a poor•law in Ire-
land should be temporary—that is, subject to recon-
sideration and revision. What law for Ireland can
stand the wear and tear of laws in that country ? The
newest law of the stoutest web has soon a hole worn
in it, and requires patching. Lord LANSDOWNE,
therefore, merely prays that the Irish might be allowed
to consider the measure as irrevocable, in order that
they might bow with resignation to it, without denying
to Lords MONTEAGLE and BROUGHAM the pleasure
which they so doubt will have of mooting the questions
of outdoor relief and rating session after session.
The recalcitrant lords and crotchetty liberals seemed
satisfied with this understanding, although Lord

MONTEAGLE was not quite so. And the Irish poor-
law goes to Ireland as quasi permanent, whilst vir-
tually considered in Westminster as quasi temporary.
We must borrow these expressions of half-messing
from the French, as we progress in such niceties.

SIR (limos GREY has issued the following
address to the electors of North Northumberland :

To Tall EVICTOR/I or TAP NOKTRISILN DtriStOrt or run
COUNTY OF NOkTIIIMBEKLAND.-OCatleMPO,-1 hare had
the honour of reoriving a requisition inviting me to become
a candidate for the representation of the Northern Division
of Northumberland at the next general election. The large
_ .

number of signatures to the reqUisition, and the mem._
of support with which it is accompanied from gentlemen
whose names are not attached to it, are extremely gratifjiog
to me, and I am very sensible of the honour which is con-
ferred on me by this expression on the part of so large a por
Lion of the constituency of their desire that I should tepee.
lest them in parliament. But the peculiar circumstances
in which I am placed prevent my at once coming forward
so a candidate in compliance with the requisition. My
official and parliamentary dufies require my constant attend-
ance in London during the remainder of the session, and
render it impossible that I should personally wait on the
electors or take part in the exertions of my friends, were I to
engage in a contest. I have also long enjoyed a connexion
with my present cons'ituents, which, while they continue
their confidence in me, I should be unwilling to give up,
except for reasons which would meet their approval. I am,
however, informed that from a desire to uphold the inde-
pendence of the county a CallVlai has already beet begun on
my behalf, and if the result should be such as my friends
confilently anticipate, I should not feel myself justified in
refusing them my aaaistance in the attainment of their object.
I need not add that, under such circumstances, I should
highly value the honour of being placed by the free choice of
the constituency in the position et one of the representatives
of a county with which my family has been so long con-
nected.—l have the honour to be, gentlemen, your obedient
and faithful servant, O. Oner.—London, May 11.
It now remains for the electors themselves to decide
whether PERCY dictation or their own free choice has
to rule their representation : whether they are to be
misrepresented because the PERCY estates are mis-
managed : whether their political opinions are to be
set at nought because the most powerful landowner in
their division chooses to have an ill-drained, ill-farmed,
unleased property ? These are, in reality, the ques-
tions which the course the new Duke of NORTRUM-
BERLAND has pursued forces on their decision; and if
they be worthy. descendants of the freeholders and
yeomanry who sixty or seventy years ago in the great
Middleton contest so successfully asserted their in-
dependence against the unlicensed dictation of Aln-
wick Castle, there netd be little doubt what that de-
cision will be. Let them recollect the old inscription
that still (according to Local History) remains ou
the walls of one of the oldest houses in their county
town :

That which your (others old have purchameti and left you to pours,:
That do you dearly hold to show their worthiness.

In Sir GEORGE GREY they will elect a states-
man of growing usefulness and reputation, whose
moderate liberalism can give no man offence,
and whose moral worth even exceeds his political
ability. In Lord OS•SUL,TON theZ will re-elect what
SHAESPEARE calls a "foolish lord; in Lord LOUVAINE
—a director of the Mendicity Society ; for of his lord-
ship we can learn nothing more, except that he is
attentive to board meetines in Red Lion-square; and
can be roused to take some little interest is the pan-
ishment of begging impostors.
We are told that the new Duke of NORTHUMBER-
LAND attempts to justify his monstrous attempt to
destroy freedom of election, by urging that it is natural
he should wish to see North Northumberland repre-
sented by a young nobleman who, though now wholly
unconnected with the comae, will, in all human pro-
bability, one day mimed to his title and estates. But
what a censure is this reason on the memory of the
late duke ; for he, poor man ! could never bear to see
Lord LOUVAINE in that county, one division of which
the new duke thinks it so natural that the young ex-
pectant should represent. If the present peer's pro-
ceedings be so natural, what were the late peer s ?
But away with such nonsense and folly ! The power
of choosing representatives was not given to the
electors of North Northumberland that its dukes
should thereon indulge their likes or dislikes. If, al-
ternately, they hare such strong prejudices and affec-
tions, let them discover some other field for their indul-
gence than the opinions of their fellow-men. The
Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND has the legitimate power
of bestowing horses, cat r:ages, luxuries of every sort,
boundless wealth, on his heir presumptive ; to make
him, in addition, member for North Northumberland
against the wishes of the electors, is a power he can
not legitimately exercise let him abstain from in-
creasing the real importance, the true nobility of his
family, at the expense of the constitution.
But the I)ake of NORTHUMBERLAND is not con-
tent with forcing Lord LOUVAINE on North Northum-
berland ; he also insists on the electors again electing
Lord OsscurroN. What then becomes of the pre-
tence that he only wants to connect hie heir with the
county ? Without his aid Lord OSSULSTON would
not have the ghost of a chance against Sir GEORGE
GREY—the electilneering expenses of hie lordship
have always been paid by the PERCY family. It
then, the duke be sincere in tho wish he has ex-
pressed; if he only desire to indulge a natural affec-
tion ; if he only wish to place Lord LOUVAINE in his
proper position, let him withdraw Lord OssuLsToN.

Tne present abatement of the pressure on the com-
mercial world ought not to divert men's minds from
the consideration of the causes which have aggravated,

if not produced, that pressure. From Oiie day to
another it may return; in the opinion of the most
intelligent persons it must return: and the interval
would be well employed in sifting the various plans
of relief, or blank ref usals of it, cast before the public.
With respect to the bill of 1844, the great differ-
ence of opinion in parliament seems to be, whether it
is innocuous or whether it is harmful. No member,
whom we can at all make out or comprehend, deve-
loped or insisted on its beneficent effects. Sir ROBERT
PEEL, indeed, in his usual sophistical way, drew a
picture of the dreadful effects of an inconvertible
currency. He asked, whether gentlemen had read
the history of 1814, 15, and 16? He told of the 240
private banks which failed at that period. And he
then asked, if the house would bring back such a mass
of bankruptcy and confusion? But what had all this
to say to the act of 1844 ? Nothing in the world :
such arguments had not the most remote connexion
with it. They only showed that Sir ROBERT PEEL
found it much easier to twit Mr. SPOONER, than
argue calmly with such an adversary as Mr. THOMAS
BARING.

Mr. DISRAELI proved with much clearness, that
throughout all the years of difficulty and crisis, the
act of 1844, had it existed, would have had no prac-
tical effect in the way in which its planners intended,
viz., the limiting the circulation. In this respect, it
would have been a nullity. All that Sir ROBERT
PEEL sought to prove in its behalf in 1847, was
that it was a nullity too. As Sir ROBERT PEEL ar-
gued respecting the repeal of the corn bill, telling the
consumers it would lower prices, and assuring the
producers it would make no difference to them ; so
does he represent his currency law of 1814 as ensur-
ing gold payment by restricting circulation and credit,
and as, at. the same time having no such effect,—leav-
ing credit free as air.
The reasoning of Sir ROBERT PEEL as to the utter
nullity of the act of 1814, as ferns regards the circu-
lation, is completely developed, and more strongly
asserted by the Morning Chronicle.
" If that act," says the writer, " did not limit the
Bank, the Bank would, under present circumstances,
limit itself. Remove the restriction, and the Bank
would not venture to make the least use of its liberty.
The strongest facts against the measure of 1844 are
facts tending to show that it confines the currency
within limits so wide that it ebbe and flows without
reaching them."
If all this be true, as Sir ROBERT PEEL and the
Chronicle allege, of what use is the act of 1844?
What becomes of the plea for passing it, and the fine
currency theory on which it was built? If the Bank
san take care of its own solvency, why should we
make the legislature interfere to take this care? If
the Bank cannot and would not increase the currency,
why enact a law that it must not, in order merely to
frighten the public, and create a panic ? Why effect
a real paralysis of credit, by pretending to contract
the currency, and not doing it.
The Chronicle attributes the outcry against the act
of 1844 as proceeding from a confusion between cur-
rency and c ipital. We know of no one who con-
founds them. The question, with the commerce of
fhe world, is not so much one of currency, as of
credit; or it is a question of currency, as the
received medium of credit. People possessed of
capital in England are accustomed to enjoy and
to employ a quantity of credit proportionate to
that capital. If you deny them, not any new
or extravagant demands of credit, but their old,
customary, regular credit—and this is done by the

currency law of 1844—the whole commerce of tke
country is paralyzed, and its capital rendered useless,
and this under a foolish pretence of guarding the sol-
vability of the Bank of England, while the Bank is,
or ought to be, right well able to preserve it itself,
under penalty of ceasing to be a bank.
For our part, we do not go the length of the cham-
pions of the act of 1844 in asserting, tkat it is so com-
pletely foreign to the amount of the circulation.
We deny, indeed, that the Batik can increase the cir-
culation of convertible notes beyond the demands or
necessities of legitimate commerce. And for this
reason we question the advantage or success of the
plan of the Economist for a large issue of 1 notes.
They would in all probability not force thmnselves
into large circulation, nor displace sovereigns to any
large amount.
But if powerless to increase the circulation beyond
natural limits, the Bank, under the act of I n 44, has
certainly the effect of restricting, not only credit,
but the circulation. This restriction, the wealthy mer-
chants world soon find the means of evading, if it as-
sumed a permanent character; andandeed,already seve-
ral of the Lancashire banks are paying inbills. Butthe
less wealthy classes would he much longer, and would
find more difficulties, in supplying the void in the cir-
culation. At this moment of high prices, the par_
chasers in every market have need of an infinitely
greater quantity of money than they needed in
1844. And the limitation of the country b nig' in
1847 to the strict amount of the average of 1844, is
an absurdity which every man in the country feels
wound round his fingers like a cord. Nor does it
affect any more grievously than the poor, that class
whose welfare is so emphatically invoked by Sir
ROBERT, when recommending the currency no-trums.
As to the assurer ees that Jir.)if A wr ERMAN demanded,
they seem perfectly needless, and the effect of the ac-
commodation, which he sought, trifling in the extreme.
The government has not pressed unduly upon the
Bank, and is as undeserving of blame as the Bank
itself is of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S reproaches for its not
being mere sharp.sighted than himself last August,
and nut having been sufficiently "awake" to approach-
ing famine. The act of 1844 was to have spared the
Bank all necessity of providence. It now seems to
demand nothing less than " second sight" iu the in-
mates of the Bank parlour.

Our Paris correspondence and the journals of
Thursday have arrived, but contain nothing to inte-
rest the English public. The Parisians were occupied
with various speculations respecting the issue of the
ministerial explanations, to be given in the chamber
en Friday. No one supposed that the present cabinet
could stand. During the session of the Chamber of
Deputies on Wednesday, an aide-de-camp of the king
arrived from the château, bearing a letter for M. le-
eave-Laplagne, the late Minister of Finance, whose
attendance on the king was said to be requested in the
evening.
The preliminary examinations by the committee of
the Chamber of Peers in the Cubieree pro--ecution
were still proceeding, and seemed likely to occupy
much time.

The journals and correspondence of Madrid, of the
Bth instant, have been received. The King Consort
continued to reside in the palace with the lounger
children of Don Francisco de Paulo. He did not ap-
pear on the public promenades nor at the theatres,
but went to the Pardo on shooting parties daily. The
ministers had in vain attempted to induce him to pro-
ceed to Aranjucz to join her Majesty. According to
all appearance a separation of long duration Lad taken
place.
The inquiry respecting the alleged attempt on the
life of the Queen was proceeding, bat nothing had
transpired of a definite kind in addition to what we
have already reported. El Tiempo, of the 8111, gives
the following particulars on this subject :
On arriving at the palace her Majesty was waited upon by
the president of the council, and informed him of ghat hal
occurred, expressing the suspicion that two shots bad lieenfirefi
at her august person. This suspicion was corrob,reed as
the following day by the fact that the bonnet of her Majesty
was slightly singed. During her conversation with the
ministi r the queen was as calm and collected as at the mo-
ment the detonati au were heard, and her only anxiety
seemed to be the tear entertained by her uncle end her
cousin. It was only after much solicitation that she could be
prevailed upon to go in a close carriage to the Cirque, accom-
panied by an escort, her first intention being to go there in
an open nit', lege unescorted. We are proud of this confi-
dence of the queen in the Spanish people. An investigation
of this affair has commenced ; its first result has been the
arrest of M. Angel LA Rive, lawyer and journeli.t. The
mild and benevolent habits and character of M. La Rita
seemingly refute the accusation under which he hes fallen:
regular in his conduct and of moderate ideas, dt void of all
species of fanaticism, he is esteemed and loved by all who
know him, and no one can suspect him of haying even
meditated, far less carried into execution, the att. mpt he
is accused of; according to the investigation se, nn foot,
it would seem that on the Tuesday M. La Rise had
hired the carriage from which the detonations proereded ;
that on the clay in question he had been prach .og in a
pistol gallery ; that he had loaded a brace of patois with
particular care, and that on leaving the pistol,: .dery he
placed himself on the spot where the event took place. At
the time the mail left it was rumoured that a paper hod been
discovered in his rooms written in his handwriting contain-
ing sinister for. bhdings, but without any visible connexion
with the attempt of which he stood charged. We are en-
tirely ignorant how far these reports are to be credited ;
public curioeity,the exaggeration characteristic of the southern
climes, the mystery which hangs over the affair, the contra-
dictory circumstance s between the fact and its presumed
perperreer, furnish ample food to commentaries more or
less founded. Justice will no doubt discover the truth, for
this is net a crime which falls upon the individual, but is an
attempt which would fall heavily upon the whole nation."

FRANCE.—PARTS, MAT 13.—M. Jayr, the new
Minister of Pr blic Works, bas arrived in Paris and :trammed
the :unctions of the office.—Admiral de Maclean, says the
Courrier Francais, will, in a few days, set out for Italy with
his family.—The some journal states that the ministry
will not appoint a successor to the Duke do Montebello at
Naples, but that the Count dc Jarnac, who bas not accepted
the different poses offered to him in Germany, will be ap-
pointed chargé d'Affaires, par interim, at Naples.—Boa
Maas, accompanied by Captain Richard, was yesterday
received by the Duke de Nemoure. Ile express dto Ins
royal highness how sensible he was of the hospitality with
1 which he had been received in France.
The Courrier de Lyon states that the cutting
through of Mont-Cenis, for the railway from Turin to Chant-
bery, has been fully decided on, experience having demon-
tinted its practicability.
GERMANY.—PRIIII3IA.—BERLIN, May 11.—The
proceedings in the meeting of the Chamber of Deputies of
the 6th inst. are reported in the official journal of this day.
They bore upon an amended set of "standing orders" pro-
posed by the liberal members. The discussion was not ex-
hausted when the session terminated, and was to be mused
at next meeting if the miter of the day did not engross the
whole time. The marshal read to the assembly toe hitter to
the king on the difference of opinion between him and the
deputies as to his power of excluding certain subjects from
discussion. The letter begs that his Majesty, in the event or
' his concurrie ain the view taken by the marshal. mac, never-
theless, permit the question in relation to which the difference
of opinion had arisen (the motion of the Posen &Ind°
respecting their language) to be discussed. The whole of
the deputies from that province roes when this pasmee was
read to testify their gratitude. Some passages of th report
of their debates next to be published were subje,./ed to a
preliminary criticism. On the motion of M. Mohr, the ward
•• laughter" parenthetically introduced in the net ort of kis
speech, wee solemnly ordered to be struck out. Wt tiros
learn that the honourable deputy was laughed at, and that
the deputies were silly enough to order the fact to be
suppressed.
A royal decree was published at Stuttgardt, on
the 11th inst., ordering an inquiry to be made into the qua-
ity of corn, grain, and potatoes at present in the kinetics el
Wurtemberg.
AUSTRIA.—The successor to Archduke Stephen in
Bohemia Mudd to be Governor von Miihren, brother to Count
Stadion, Governor of Galicia.
HANOVER, MAY 8. —The following regulations
have been published is reference to the increasing dementss
of provistotts :—First, distillation of brandy from grain is
forbidden from the Bth of May till the 16th of August of this
year, under severe penalties • the exportation of potatoes te
Prussia, Hesse, and the Graffitchaft of Schaumburg, is eke
forbidden under penalties. Other regulations of a Miner
kind are also to be put in force.
RUSSIA.—ST. PETERSBURG.—THE MON EY TRANS-
ACTION OF ME EXPRROft NICHOLAS wren THE BANI
OF FMANCIL—The Journal of St. Petersburg publishes a
lengthy article to explain the true bearing of the transaction
between the imperial government and the Bank of Irene..
We quote the following extracts, as given in the I),,bals,
" The Bank of France, taken unawares by a financial milli
arising out of a string of calamitous circumstances, was
obliged to bare recourse to different expedient., such as a
loan from England, and an elevation of its rate of diecouets
to meet the pressing demands of commerce and of industry,
not wishing to deprive them of that assistance whichM
were accustomed to. These mss allures were
&Mut, and the Bank, to be enabled to meet the
increasing demands of the public, bit upon die
expedient of set ling a portion of the public funds it had Is
portfolio, so as to increase its reserve of specie. It was et
this juncture that the imperial government made a proprei-
thin Mr tuah the Russian Chard. d'Affaires at Paris of mutual
advantages to both parties concerned; namely, the ',sachem
at a fixed rate of French stock to the amount of 60 mallow
of francs This transaction was carried out. It Iris slim.
tageous for the Bank, as procuring from abrood thetmeing
it stood in need of, at the same time that it weeded arr
loss it would otherwise have bad to suffer bent sat

t. '"------I"Negatlte fun
ro the Paris Bourse, where the ma-
mime of large a mass of funds would
:r hive caused a progressive depreciation in their
Tee operation rendered France a service, as it came
•17„oac P ne remedy for the danger arising from a
rirtuthe reaction of which would be felt in evcry
°-
of indo4r) • • by calming the anxiety which paralysed
inoce • • •
a commerce, by re-establishing confidence., and
rise in the funds. Owing to the intireme re_
Foos beteeen the different motu y in
sour, the triasartion had a salutary effect on •',n, racial
oaten of England, where a monetary C.6`..4 equally pre.
need and the result was an immediate r'-tae in the British
As regards the advantages ~.telllllls to Russia
'dais
VOW tMn the Journal of tit. retersburglt
fras.::: "in a purely lineal point of view, the
cc",u.'irmi of a mass of foetal forming a reserved m_ pant
:01 ramble rent's, was. in itself, a real advantage. Not a
*ieow of doubt can be thrown on the shinty of France to
sad there is essereoll no payment more certain than
not& debt of that coy untrzt. The Imperial Treasury
the moochers when the It retch Fives were as low as
HA N& They cannot remain always so low ; in the pre-
may were quoted at 122 f., so that independent's'
tellhB. !gar
a anal revenue of more than 2,000,000 of francs, and
owe, Rosie will draw from its prewnt investment,
tee imperial Treasury has the chase, of selling out
riot a net profit of some millions on the capital
ieveted. But thcm sort of advantages are but se-
wave to the catnniercial interests favoured by this
mimeo. It is known that the scarcity of grain in
macs places it in the necessity of importir.g large quan-
tain or corn from other countries. The inconsiderable
sweat of the exportations of Femme to Rusin, -lapels it
tipsy the Keenan corn it imports in coin, and it is exactly
a west Of coin which embarrasses France so much. This
eirsamteefe was of a nature to induce Franco to turn
tirade the United States fur the importation of grain, its
sport commerce with that country b ing eight or nine
t• • that of its comae-rend traneactions with Russia.
Tot Imperial Government, by fecilitating the payment
of the grain bought by France, naturally attracts the
cotiennee of that country to the ports of the Black
Pea ast 1 the 11.1 tic, procuring a market for Russian
earn. and promising high profits to the agricul• ural industry
litho Buirien states. Thus was this teams •hon &dean-
tageoui to neu
ral, country, ar.d to the money markets of
Europe on g which suffered more or less from the
monetary crisis in France." After passing in review the
iiffenjet oleetions ntied against the transaction in Bus:di,
the learna of St l'eteaburg concludes as follows Our
maned mem does not allow us to analyse the political consi-
derations which the different party organs of the press have
endeavoured to attribute to this transaction between the
govenonent of St. Petersburg and the Bank of France.
Some of duel pretended to discover in it the interpo-
sition of Russia between France and England to widen
the breach between them, the first step towards a change
in the political relatioes of the Russisn mad French cabinets.
Other, attributed it to a concealed plan of the imperial go-
wn:pent, to have it in its power to dictate the law to the
Piril 'dicer. by throwing this mass of fifty nil lions upon
yet market at a critical motnen• , so as to cause the funds to
ink, which, in plain language, would be as much as to say
that Sinai would go and sell far forty or forty-tivo =Thom
stock which she bad paid for with fif y millions, thus supp tree
Meg loss of five millions, for the mere pleasure of doing harm
to France. We shall not enter into a discussion ,a 1 the erro-
neous opinions which have emanated on this subject from the
periodical
press. The common sense of the public will, how-
seer,
hamalready estimated theta at their foal value."
The Inralede Reuse, says the Frankfi»l Journal of
the 11th inst., announces that the Gustinoi-Dr or, or bazaar
dßriese-Litewski, which contained 126 shops full of mer-
chandise. was completely burnt out the 25th and 26th Feb.
last. Twelve persons, in endeavouring to save their wares,
were suffeested. The amount toed has not as yet been es-
timated. The edifice was insured in a Russian fire insurance
compare.
BGYPT.—ALEXANDRIA, APRIL 30.—The Viceroy
mired from Cairo on the 25th, with his ordinary suite, and
was received with the usual honours. Hi+ Hig turns, since
his arrival, has gone twice every day, to visit the works of
Billies Bey, which are admirable. In less than six months
Alexandria will possess fine roads, and a boulevard which
wall surround the mei within the rarnparts.—The corn har-
vest is Upper and Middle Egypt has been got in, and the
produce is very abundant. The viceroy estimates that there
will be about 4,300,000 hectolitres of cora for exportation
about the month of July, at the rise of the water. of the Nile.
HAITI.—By way of Havre we have news from
this republic to the 10th of April, four days later than what
we received by the Tory. General Soulouque had appointed
N. Paul his competitor for the presidency, minister of weir,
and the navy. On account of the ill-health of M. Detre,
minister of finance, his portfolio had been given to General
Dupoy, in addition to the portfolios of commerce and foreign
affairs which he sireody held. The president had appointed
a muter M. J. J. Andre, and a member of the House of
Representatives, H. F. Aclogite, to act with full
powers in the negotiation with the consul-general.
of France respecting the payment of the arrears of the in-
demnity. Two conferences had been held, and it was
agreed to appropriate a fixed proportion of the customs to
their discharge. It was expected that the instalment for
1817 would be paid forthwith, and some time given for the
years in arrear. The president had set all prisoner+ routine d
for political offences at liherty. This is the meet title telous
amnesty on record, and carried into effect with the least
ostentation. All transatlantic steam-packets are to he allowed
to land their goods (which are to be ham thately forwardotl
to the custom-house) without being subjected to the pc•li-
minor, formalities or visitation imposed upon vessels anchor-
iag is port.