The Express.
London, England, 1865-01-24 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 24.

Ir is not often that we Sod ourselves in cordial
agreement with the Government of which M. DR
BISMARCK is the resolute and unscrupulous bead,
but the hue which the Prussian Administration

appears likely to take on the question of the
Pops's Encyclical does for once demand from us a
tribute of decided approbation. Prussia, though
in the main a Protestant State, is too closely con-
nected with the Catholic Powers of Germany to
regard the utterances of the Holy See with that
placid indifference with which they are received by
our remote and insular people, and the Liberal
journals have very generally urged the Govern-
ment to interfere to prevent the publication of the
Encyclical in the Catholic churches of the eoun-
by. The ordinary Ministerial organ, speaking,
we may suppose, with some knowledge of the inten-
tions of the Cabinet which inspires it, holds out
no expectation of any such official intervention. It
simply quotes the 16th Article of the Constitution,
which provides for freedom of communication be-
tween religious societies and their superiors, and
places clerical announcements under no other re-
strictions than those to which all publications are
subjected. The intercourse between the Port
and the Catholic Bishops is not, therefore, a matter
which calla for any preventive action on the part
of the authorities. It will be time enough for
them to take into consideration the contents of
the Encyclical Letter when the provisions of
the penal code shall have been found to be violated
by its publication. For once, therefore, the Con-
servative Administration has understood the great
doctrine of freedom of conscience more cor-
rectly than the Liberal press. In troth, the,
insertions of the Encyclical Letter appeal to mo-
tives, exhort to actions, and invoke sanctions with
which civil governments have, as each, nothing to
do. So far as the latter are concerned, the state-
ments of the Port occupy an exactly similar posi-
tion with the statements of an individual priest
or an individual journalist. Whatever weight
• they may obtain they must owe to the acceptance
which they meet with from the consciences of those
to whom they are addressed, and:the fact that the
authority which puts them forth lays claim to an
extraordinary domination over the religions con-
victions of mankind is no ground for denying to
the document which contains them that liberty of
expression and defence which is only the jnst ac-
companiment of liability to discussion and censure.

The action of the French Government cannot
be judged by precisely the same standard as that
of a Protestant State, but we are quite unable to
share in the exultation of some of oar contempo-
raries at the supposed intention of the EMPEROR to
resuscitate the " Gallican Liberties." Whatever
may be the comparative merits of Gallicanism and
Ultramontaniam in their purely religions upsets,
we may be quite sure that the pious aspirations of
NAPOLEON 111, point to a decidedly mundane goal;
and it is very difficult to see how the cause of free-
dom in France is to gain by the transfer of
the chief spiritual power in the country
to the hands which have already ab-
sorbed every other description of authority.
Little as we may be disposed to sympathize with
the action of the French Bishops, they do at least
represent an idea which is not altogether material.
Their opposition to the Imperial Government will
certainly neither increase their political influence
nor add to the amount of their incomes, and late
and interested as their conversion has been, they
are at all events more respectable now than when
they were giving an unblushing support to the hero
of the 2nd of December, or saluting the Revolu-
tion of February with a Jima/a-kiss, and
blessing the trees of liberty with a fearful
joy. The Pores Encyclical can only be

TB

sciences of mankind, and we shall be attaching
too much importune to this momewbot -pro-
blematical effect, if we forget that the Frame of
to-day has a more immediate evil to fear. The
Imperial authority has placed before itself the
teak of suppressing 00100i1000/ altogether, and
those who wish to see this object defeated most
not be too particular is to the colours under
which the opponents of the Government wage war.
When a limb is in danger of mortification say vital
action milk* can be produced in it is for the time
a healthy symptom, and in a state of political
lethargy even the opposition of an nil:lament/me
bishop may have a certain restorative value. It
the French Episcopate became more entirely the
creature of the EMPILIOR, France would lose ma
element of independence which at present it would
be difficult to replace. " The Government pas-
" eases already the bureaucracy and the Craver-
" city • if it bad the Church completely at its die-
" pond there would be nothing left for it to desire.
" France would consist only of prefects, professors,
" and stipendiary priests, and the Imperial ideal
" would be achieved."

Ws have quoted these last sentences from a
curious and interesting discussion which has been
lately going on between two representative organs
at French liberalism. The Aratir National denies
the legitimacy of anyspiritual authority whatsoever,
and contends that it is the dutyof the State, acting
in the interest of public order, to suppress
every religion which does not conform to the
civil law. Two independent authorities cannot,
according to this theory, exist in the same society
without destroying that unity of power which is
I the only guarantee of harmony in the State. Law
would cease to be law if it did not make all men
equally WI subjects. We have here, in the fullest
perfection, that ides of the Absolute State which
unfortunately meeta with so much favour with the
majority of continental liberals, and it is satisfac-
tory to find it receive so complete a refutation
at the hands of the writers in the Temps. Accord-
ing to the latter journal the sentiments of the
Avenir are nothing more than a new version of
the Encyclical, in which the lay power takes the
plea of the ecclesiastical, and all the claims which
the Pore makes on behalf of the one
authority the democratic organ puts for-
ward on behalf of the other. The true theory is
that the State is not concerned with the pro-
tection of obedient or the repression of disobedient
religions ; it should respect them all alike by
leaving them alike to themselves. To ask it to do
more than this is not to desire the progress of free.
dom, it is rather to secure the triumph of new
ideas by an appeal to that very intimidation which
is charged against the ideas which they are to
overthrow. The harmony of the Stato consists in
the contemporaneous action of many independent
powers ; law would cease to be law if it did net
make all men equally free. The prom of Frame
has been too long a stranger to teaching of this
kind, and if once the Liberal party in that country
could learn to adopt it frankly, they would have
gained a victory over one of their own most
cherished delusions, and thereby laid the surest
t foundation for an ultimate triumph over their foes.

!Mt esun.

Vicros Hum, in the Christmas feast to poor
children which he gives every year in his Guernsey
exile, lately told his richer guests how •
skilful French physician had once informed him
that if the children of the poor could eat a flesh
meal but once • month, it would free them from
those diseases of mal-nutrition—those rickstts,
scrofulous complaints, or by whatever other scien-
tific name such ills are called—which now thin
thetr numbers and debilitate their frames. Better-
ing his instruction, the poet gives his lowly little
friends a dinner of well-cooked meat once &fortnight,
and be points with triumph to their health and
vigour in comparison with those around them. It
were perhaps too curious to inquire whether once •
month, once a fortnight, or once • week would be
sufficient to produce these results u a rule, but at
least there can be no doubt that the population of
this country suffers physically and mentally from
the want of butcher meat as • sufficient element
of its food. It is undoubtedly the fact that the
majority of at least our agricultural labourers
seldom see it except in the shape of bacon, an
article which in only an imperfect degree contains
its essential qualities. And as it is equally certain
that with the price of meat now standing at from
ninepence to fourteenpence the pound, no working
men, except those in full employment and earn-
ing exceptionally good wages, can possibly pur-
chase it in sufficient quantities for the due supply
of their families as well as themselves, the opening
up of • source from which it may be obtained in
quantities almost illimitable, and at • price which
brings it within the reach of the poorest, is • pro-
, apect of which the importance and the far-reaching
consequences can hardly be exaggerated. Such a
source seems, from the statements which reach
us, to be really afforded by the importation of
jerked beef from South America, and its retail in
this country at threepence per pound. For cheap
as this is, the manner of preparation, which oon•
mists in driving off all the moisture by drying it
in the sun, renders it really a great deal
cheaper than the price expresses. One pound
of the beef thus prepared contains as mach nutri-
ment as three pounds of ordinary fresh or 'sit
meat, and therefore the price really is equivalent
to a penny a pound. And of this meat it is stated
that from the River Plate alone two hundred and
fifty millions of pounds, or enough to supply what
is equal to thirty pounds of fresh beef to each bead
of our population, is awaiting export at the price
stated. Thus, for half-a-crown a year, every man,
woman, and child in these islands might have a
dinner of half a pound of beef at least once a week
throughout the year ; and if it be suggested that
such a new demand would certainly raise the price,
it may be further remembered that the account we
have quoted refers only to • single station of ex-
port, and that there are many others which doubt-
less will be ready to come into the market as Doan
as a market is found.

The question of availing ourselves of this new
and bountiful supply must, of course, depend upon
whether the article is palatable as well as nutri-
tious. But on this head sufficient evidence seems
to exist that it can at leastbe so prepared as to be
highly palatable. Dinners have been given in
Edinburgh and Glasgow, at which the meat,
stewed in a variety of ways—it MOMS to be im-
penetrable to mere boding—has been presented,
and met with the approbation of both working
men and of those of the wealthier classes who
brought more critical palates to the feast. It is
stated, also, that hotels have found it useful in
communicating a richer flavour to soups and gra-
vies. Scientific men have also examined it, and
pronounce it to be perfectly well cured and tho-
roughly wholesome. Being wholly grass fed, it
is leas fat than the meat we are accustomed to in
this country ; it is also of more mature age ; and
these facts amount for the superior rich-
Dees of the extract it furnishes. Whether

the whole supply !nay be of equally
good quality and equally well prepared
with what has already been experbnented on re-

mah of course, to be seen. But a great point
fitobtedly established whom it has dos been
shown that it eon be well cared and imported into
this country without detriment,'b its properties ;
for it follows that what can be done with a portion
can be done with a whole, as soon as the attention
of the manufacturers is called to the requirements

of the market they are to supply. Nor, indeed,
doss there seem to be meson for doubting that
still better methods may yet be brought into use,
and that the article may, by the use of air-tight
tins or similar contrivances, reach this country in
• stet. more nearly approMmating to the form
to which we ars accustomed.

One class only, the farmers, whose profits, failing
in wheat, have lately been derived so largely from
the price of meat, will be apt to look with doubtful
eye on this new importation. But they may for
their oomfort reflect that the cases are not analo-
gous. The foreign grain which competes with
them is as fine as, or finer than the but they can
grow, and in the shape of flour its origin is undis-
tinguishable. But the South American beef, im-
ported in barrels or tins, cannot be substituted on
the tables of the wealthy for the prime joints of
our own butchers. The market for the best cattle
will, therefore, be in a very alight degree disturbed
by the introduction of an article which will find its
way into quarters that at present furnish no de-
mand for home-fed beef. But it is impossible not
to look with gratitude, and almost with awe,
at the way in which the beneficent influence
of free intercourse between nation and nation is
opening up to us a supply of an essential
element for the health and strength of our labour-
ing population such as our own land could never
have yielded. it is impossible to think without
wonder and thankfulness how the broad grassy
plains of South America will thuabsoome a blessing
to our English homes, and the scorching suns of
the tropics will prepare for us the food which be-
neath them is scarcely needed, but is an absolute
necessity in our cloudy northern Wands. Our
people have already in the main enough to eat,
but their vigour of body and mind will be doubled
when they can, by this happy triumph of com-
merce, add to it the ingredient which is all-essen-
tial to health and slreogds

OSBORN% JAIL Z.; •

Her Majesty the Queen, and Princess Helena
cad Prioress Louise, reesived the aseramset of tbely
OODIMUIDOM yesterday amnia& at Witlppiagliass Church,
which was admieistered by the Hoe. sod Very Rev. the
Doss of Wiedeor sod the Rev. Gimp Troth's°.
The I'riuoe and Trireme of Wass rod Prises Arthur
attended As morning service.
The Quer°, Primers Helens, and Prisms Louise, attended
the latencies Aeries.

The Archbishop of Canterbury returned to Loodou on
atarday aftersooa.

(asurzies nuoium.)
FRANCE.

[US.

OVERLAND NAIL
CALCUTTA AND OKINA (HEAVY) NAILS.,

A deputation from the guardians of the Spaldiog and
HoMeech Betties. introduced by Cokes' Poke, LP.. end
encoded by Mr. Aytiff, clerk of the guardians of the Hol-
beach Unice, had an interview wit► the Right 800. Sir
George Grey at the Hoine-ollice yesterday, with the object
of pitying the Home Secretary to investigate the accounts
of the lootioes of the pesos for the divisioo of Holland, in
the county of Liman ; sad to appoint county fin►nce
hoards, for the mausgemeot of county expenditure, and •
reapoesible auditor, and also to appoiot • stipendiary
orgu-
tacy. The deputation consisted of Beery Hardy Tatem,
Esq., chairman ; the Kee. John Fairfax Feu:actin, M.A.,
William Robinson, Req., sod William Crawley, Esq.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Oesucil sat yester-
day is the Council Chamber. Whitehall. The Lords pre-
sent were the Lords Justices Knight Bruce sad Tumor, sad
Dr. Loshiugton.

The ROI Hon. T. Milner Moos, M.P., left toes yo.-
today log Aohtos•uader-Lyos.

Her Royal Highness the Princess Mazy of Cam-
bridge Is expected to arrive at the residence of the Duchess
of Cambridge, is the Ambaneadcwe'-ootut, St. James's, tics
visa after next, from a keg visit to their Royal High-
sages the Grand Duke sad (Snood Duchess of Blecklechurg-
Strieitz. Colossi Clifton, equerry to his Royal Highness
the Duke of Cambridge, leaves tows this weak in order to
accompany her royal higkoem to Eaglaad.
The Duke and Duchess of Manchester have ar-
rived in tows, sad Woe ia a day or two for Kimboltoe
Castle, Huntingdonshire. . . . .

Loral Londesboruugh left town yesterday for his
seat, Orimston Park, near Tadoaster.
Colonel the Hun. Wellington P. Talbot and Lady
Emma Talbot are expected to leave Knowsley, the Earl
and Countess of Derby's seat in Lancashire, at the end of
the week, far their Lowe hones is Cornwall•read.
The Duke and Ducheaa de Persigny have re-
turned to Paris from their residence at Chaniarands.

A deputation from Maidstone, beaded by the
borough sambas, waited upon the Secretary of War
yesterday to remonstrate against the contemplated re•
moral of the cavalry depots from kf agitate on account of
the losses their departure would inflict on the trade
interests of the town. Earl De Grey said it was considered
necessary for the lake of economy to amalgamate iu one
the separate establishments of Maidstone and Oanterbory,
but 'madded that the interest' of Maidstone would, ea far
as possible, be consulted by keeping other troops in the
banacka.

A meeting in support of the Camden-town Work-
Mg Men's Club was held last evening in the St. Pantos
Vestry Hall. Mr. Harvey Lewis, M.P., prodded. and in
the course of a brief speech spoke highly of the beneficial
influences of working men's clubs. He strongly urged the
extension of such institution. Resolutions to support the
particular club on behalf of which the meetiog was held
were wiantionly paned.

Captain Siierard Osborn read a paper at the
meeting of the Geogrobical Society last evening oa explor-
ations in the Polar regions. He pointed out that the dap-
pre of Polar expeditions were not so great as bad been
thought, and he urged another expedition to explore the
region round the North Pole. He named Captain Weins-
tock as the most fitting man to oommand the expedition,
sad said the Admiralty would give two small vessels for
the purpose if they were asked. The suggestion was op-
proved by the speakers in the discussion which followed.
By her Majesty's command, the rakes of per-
weal snowman@ for officers of the army travelling on duty
without troop have been fixed as follows : for general
officers, 20s. a day ; for field officers, Hs. a day ; end for
captains and subalterns, 10s. a day.
'rho Commander-in-Chief, with tho concurrence
of the Secretary of State for India, has decided that, on the
recommendation of Hulloed government of India, aed with
the s action of his royal highness, exchanges may be per-
mitted between palms of the staff corps under the sub-
stantive rank of field officer and properly qualified regimes-

tel officers of the same rank, without refereeoe to the
station on which the regiment of the exchanging officer may
be saving.

The church of St. Bartholomew the Great, about
to undergo a farther "restoration," will be open to archw-
°lied. and antiquities tomorrow and the rernainiog days
of this week, sad the clerk of the works will be io
attea-
d.aoe. Allier this week the building moat be closed, to
prevent interruption to the workmen.
At the Italian Opera, Paris, Patti continuee to
attract is /dada di Mamma. She will shortly leave Paris
for Nedra To-morrow a sew opera is to be brought wag
at the Lyriqus by Prince Ponlitowski, entitled L'Atino.
torier.

A letter from Vienna of the 14th says :—" On
Turdsy the Archduchess Marla Therese, of Austria, the
eldest daughter of the Archduke Albrecht, formally re-
noosed her hereditary claims to the throw, and yesterday
she wee married by the Cadinal•Amhbiahop of Vienna to
Duke Philip of Wertembarg, who is a colossi in the Aus-
trian Berries. The father of the bride, ate of the richest
mos hi the empire, yesterday met 2,000 d, to the Binge-
neater al Vienna, and requeeted him to divide the money
between ten poor and deserving young girls who were on
the me of marriage. The primers. who is bat 19 years
of age, is Muniments and remarkably well pawn."

TUESDAY Bi*IiING, JANUARY 24,

PIRA JAL N.

The Monitn►r of this morning says :—" The
Duke of BeHuns has addressed a letter to the Em-
peror which he his thought proper to publish com-
plaining of being recalled from his post. The
Marquis de Lavalette and General Montebello,
whose names are mentioned in the letter, had
aothing whatever to do with his removal, a step,
moreover, which the government have no reason to
revoke."

ItelVkA. JAN. 23.

The Nyanza left here at 6 a.m. to-day ; she may
be expected at Southampton about the Lt of
February.