The Express.
London, England, 1853-09-09 00:00:00

THAMES.

Alfred Turner. 22, clescrits;l7; a labourer, of No. 14,
Back-road, and Jobs Chillers, 23, Back-church-lane, were
charged with stealing a portmanteau containing wearing
apparel, value 201., the property of a young gentleman
named Fisher, at present on the Continent.
Between eight and nine on Saturday night, Inspector
Forfar, whilst in a police galley off the Tower, saw three
persons in • boat close to a tier of steam ships. He ap-
proached and asked their business, to which the man who
was rowing made some indistinct reply, oa which the
inspector jumped on board, and at the same time the man
who was rowing jumoed into the water and gained the
shore. The two prisoners were sitting at the stern, and the
portmanteau produced was under a seat near them. It was
subsequently discovered to have been taken from a barge,
where it bud been placed for transference to one of the
steam boats, and the servant who packed the articles identi-
fied them as the property of her young master.
Previous convictions were proved against Turnbull, and
both prisoners were committed to Newgate for trial.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION.

(From the Gardners Chronicle.)

Apiculture is in a state of revolution. Not meta-
phorical ; we are not going to distant the old strain about
four-foot drains, deep ploughing, high manuring, thin seed-
ing, low hedgerows_, Scotch carts, liquid manure tanks, and
all the other cram be repetila that has so edifyingly re-ap-
peared any time these fifteen years, to delight the younger
branch of the bucolic c immunity with a sort of conspiracy
against the elder. No ; when we say revolution we mean
revolution—actual, literal, visible to the natural eye.
There is to be no more ploughing. Ploughs are to be put
down by act of parliament, like smoky furnaces. Hence
forward forking is the dodge, " rotatory forking"—" even
with six or eight horses it is cheaper and irfluitely more
effective than the plough. If anybody laughs be is to be
given in charge to the rural police ; and whoever cries
Speed the Plough," for the future is to be indicted at
quarter sessions for a misdemeanor.
This may seem rather a strong due, to be taken all at one
gulp ; but if we are to keep our place ahead, as active jour-
nalists, of the agricultural movements and intelligence of the
day, we really dOll% know how to reduce it. And if a few
words of explanation may to ease the passage down,
we will ask our readers' patience for the task.
It may he remembered that two or three years age, there
appeared in this journal an occasional eau/ or two upon the
subject of cultivation by steam power. The writer therein
endeavoured to show that the effort to achie ye this much
desired object by the hitherto attempted method of yoking
ploughs to a steam-engine was not only erroneous in principle
but is practical conflict with all existing applicati.ina of
steam p was, wherever it had been substituted for manual
or animal labour. The paddle or screw of the steamship,
the driving wheel of the locomotive, and other &wilier in-
stances of the kind were adverted to, as affording pre-
sumptive evidence that if the genius of the steam-engine
were allowed a voice in the matter, instead of regarding it
as a mere agent to be harnessed to whatever work the
farmer was accustomed to associate with the idea of cul-
tivation, it would certainly appear that circular motion was
the plan for which it showed a marked preference. And
having ascertained this fact, it then became time to return
to the other aide of the problem, and see how
far tho act of cultivation was found compatible with such a
mode of action. This naturally led to the question, What
is cultivation ?—in what does it consist ? The inquiry was
one of that novel and startling class to the habituated mind
of the farmer and the gas dense, that it had almost au air
of impertinence. Since "Adam delved and Eve span,"
never did omen theory propound an interrogatory so pre-
sumptuous. What! ha. mother earth been annually
vexed with splade and plough some six thouund years, to
be sublimated in her old age to give a defioition of cultiva-
tion !—tube pestered alter all for " a r..ason !" If defini-
tion grew wild in the ditches, and reasons were as plenty
as blackberries, not &reason would she give, on compulsion
or suggestion, from field or garden.
Still cultivation must he somethims. If you cannot tell
us what it is, viewed u a result, yet surely you can tell us
what it consists in, as a process ? It must be the doing of
some act or process, in Dreier that WlllO twilit, mechanical
-.r chemical, or both, may be produced. (irent the result
to he t.fcompuund nature, chemical as well as mechanical ;
still the act of cultivation can itself be hut mechanical :
and if the plough and spade can both perform it, and the
boo more anciently than either, each after their respective
fashion, there was obvious admission at hand alit tidy that
the act itself is so far indepecelent of the agent that there
ore already two, nay three modes of accomplishing it, three
di-tinct and separate ways of arriving at the same end.
"Come! your reason, Jack ! your reason!"
After much labour of cross-examination we contrived to
extract from our reluctant witness that cultivation coo-
'lord, first of inversion of the void, secondly ..f its disinte-
gration, or comminution, as mere mechanical acts; and
thirdly ..f what is inc.uded under the term aeration, the
tart bring not so much an act as a result, but one 114/ neces-
sary, that any Mere mechanical process ef treatment which
did not fulfil it, woull Leave unsatisfied the great element
upon which fertility mainly depends.
We then called back our first witdrss; and we put to
the steam-engine this question. Can you or can sou not
invert, disintegrate, and in so doing aerate, a layer of soil
from 6 to 12 inch. s d. ep ; and if an, how do you propose to
do it ; at the same time moving yourself along the surface
of tl.e land as you ace .mpliah the fleet and principal Lusk ?
And the tinswei war : " The mole doer it un ,erground ;
a bander task still : yet ho turns up some pretty cultiva-
tion ! '" The circular saw dots it through a five-inch oak
plank, a tough eat to hie : yet he chews his morsels pretty
small, and leaves them behind him as he ems ; they do not
clog kiwi much slier they have felt his toote—they are glad
enoug% to get away ! The paddle of the steamer does it,
when " ploughing" in another element : the rabbit does
it, the fox Ones it, the dog does it. pursuing each other in
everlasting series, by Nature's own everlasting teaching ;
and what they can eeo I t link I can do, for I find that in
every instance mentioned—tire claw, the tooth, the paddle
and the paw—the l‘nir described is part of a circle, sad
there I reccgoise my favourite mode of action, to wit, the
circalar. Thus I am led to believe that, if you'll let me
go to work la my owa way, I can cultivate s Sold as wail

as spin a threader embroider a waistcoat." So spoke the
Genie of Steam.
Now, there is such thing in human nature u whet
may be termed the gregarious propensity. Men shall only
smile from ear to ear, aye ! and from year to year, et your
first announcement of a fact, or evolution of an argument ;
and 0.11 you ell manner of witty names, and impale your
ideas on the point of their harangues at public meetings, and
bring down " shouts of derisive cheers' upon thoughts that
through long years have made you forget your food by
day and your sleep by night, till they h. 4 become to
you dearer than the smiles of infant offspring, more so-
lemn and sacred then the silver locks of parental age; yet
shall these men—when the thought has rested in their
minds awhile and grown familiar, and been re-echoed in their
hearing a time or two at second hand, these very men shall
go end bleat about as ' fully admitted by all thinking men'
a version of your tale to overladen and inflated, that you
shall find yourself sponsorially pledged to propositions
enough to make your head ache, such as these—" All
cultivation should be circular ! " "The doom of the
plough is sealed ; Rotatory forking is the thing ! Even
with six or eight horses, &c., &c."
Stay, stay I you answer; hold hard, whatever you do!
Festina lents ! The plough has the experience, the solid
end confirmed experience of the whole human race. Aratrunt
expellas Funs, toesen unite recurret it is stamped, proof-
marked, with the attestation of ages upon it, as the eldest,
primest, best, most true, end most economical applica-
tion of horse power to the culture of the soil that hand
can make or mind conceive. Hold hard, I say! For
H 's sake, don't halloo so loud till you are out of the
wood. . . . . .

Oh ! we know all you can tell us about the plough. "Ye
Britons venerate. dic.," but we have changed all that now.
Hurra, for circular cultivation ! So let us beat our ploughs
into" rotatory takers," and ted up the soil, like so much
stubborn hay, dropping it behind, tops and bottoms upper-
most, anyhow; and there you are with your field cultivated
in half the time, at less than half the cost !
Is not this enough to make one "split oneself, and go to
buffets with the other half 1" Can it be necessary to show
that (whatever the exactions of the steam-engine) the
plough is as congenitally true, as absolute to the horse, as
the spade to the -hand ? Does any one in his sober senses
anticipate that what the sagacity of human practice has
proved through the test of ages, what the instinctive eco-
nomy of toil has eliminated from the fiery alembic in which
the sweat of man and horse has been seething, drop by
drop, through centuries of hard-bought trial, can be dis-
proved now by the hasty hand that refuses to Cesar the
things that are Clew's, and puts a mongrel " circulating
medium" at the tails of horses to tumble the soil into a
confusion that shames the very name of cultivation?
Yet so it is, and so it ever will be. The birth of an idea
is a painful birth; long and slow is its gestation, and
many the sharp pang and throe that attend its all-but
still-Dorn entrance into being. It drags oa a dwindled
existence, an object of ridicule or indifference, or at best, of
silence ; for men ace faint-hearted of belief till they can be-
lieve in company. By-and-bye a voice or two is heard ;
the " idea " has grown bigger, wider, louder—not better.
Then the chortle begins to swell, and that which was at first
too small to see, too insignificant to appreciate, is now too
large to recognise ; its proportions are exaggerated, its dis-
tinctness lost, its outline distorted, by the confusing voice
of numbers. It has become the caricature of its former
self: and its own parent rejects the grotesque changeling ;.
disfigured by the hands that ignored it as it was, in its true
self and features, and accepts it in its false and shapeless
eMSY.
It is true that tircular, or (to speak more accurately) cy-
cloidal cutting, is the mode by which the steam-engine
must cultivate. But it is not true to suppose that " ro-
tatory forking" is either an efficient, an accurate, or an
economic application of horse power, or, though fortified by
a thousand " patents," will for equine cultivation supersede
the specific and demonstrable superiority of the plough,
C. W. H.

MARKETS.

quiet,
English. The air trade has also been n.ore
hollers being unable to effect sales unless at a ea.:nation on
last week's of Is. per sack and barrel. Good simulca
of barley are scarce, and commend fully 65. per qtrater
more money. Bans are also a trifle dearer. Good old oats
maintain their value, but some of the new qualities, of
black and grey, are the turn in favour of the buyer.
The following were the prices: English wheat, 525. to
60s. per imperial quarter; foreign white, 68s. to 635. per
480Ibs. ; fereign red, extra fins qualities, 675.
to 625. ; per ditto; fine qualities, 50s. to .555. per
ditto; ordinary qualities, 475. Od. to 60s. per ditto;
foreign hard, 445. to 475. per ditto; English seconds
flour, 41s. to 445. per sack; United States, &e.,
sweet, 31s. to 325. per barrel; English malting barley,
271. 6d to 299. per imperial quarter ; English and foreign
grinding ditto, 255. 6d. to 265. 6d. per 4001131. ; Devon
and Welsh feed oats, 20s. to 21s. 05. per per imp.
quarter ; Irish white ditto, 21s. to 225. 6d. per 320 lbs. ;
Irish black ditto, 195.6 d. to 20s. per imp. quarter; Eng-
lish beans, 40s. to 445. per ditto; foreign ditto, 365. to 395.
per 4801bs. The arrivals on shipboard for the
seek have been:-Wheat. 1,159 qrs.; ors, 246
qrs., 1,693 brio ; barley, 2,800 qrs., 140 brit; flour,
625 seeks. rite official return of the cora inspector.
gives the following averages: Wheat, 64a. 6d. oats,
20s. ; barley, - ; beans. 42a. Oct.
Dynan, Sept. 8.-We had a very small supply of
Wheat, including about a dozen samples of new ; end we
had a very small attendance of farmers and buyers ; the
trade ruled dull; but little business was done, and what
wee done was at rather less money than last week, and in
some instances at a decline of Is. to 2s. per qr. The qua-
lity cf the new was very various, but the condition of most
of it was bad ; a good deal remained unsold, but the trade
was better at the close of the market then at the opening.
There was no new Barley shown ; grinding qualities of old
were in demand, and rather d Good, feeding Oats
were also in request. No alteration in Beans or Peas. Rye,
19s. to 21s. per sack. Wheat, best red, 61s. to 645. per
qr.; middling, 50s. to 615.; inferior, 395. to 60s. Barley,
275. to 325. Oats, 20s. to 275. Beans, 401. to 465. Peas,
341 to 43e. Flour, fine, per sack, 445. to 475. ; seconds 425.
to 44e.

MANCHESTER, SEPT. B.—Sinee our last report the
weather has continued of the most favourable descrip-
tion. The flour trade has consequently ruled inactive, but
without causing any material alteration in prices. Oats
end oatmeal have remained steady both as regards value
and remand. The imports into Liverpool for the four days
intervening between our last and present market day consist
of fair quantities of foreign wheat, beans, Indian corn, and
flour ; but from Ireland and cur own coast the arrivals of
all articles are scanty. At our market this morning there
was a good attendance, but only a moderate amount of
business occurred in either wheat or flour, and the turn of
prices must be noted in favour of buyers. Oats were with-
out change. Old oatmeal was in good demand at fully pre-
vious rates ; and new sold at 28s. to 295. per 240 lbs. accord-
ing to quality.
NEWARK, Sept. 7.—At our market to-day there was but
a thin attendance, c oosequent upon the improved state of
the weather, which renders harvest operations very active.
The quantity of sample' shown was small, and but a limited
business was dune. Wheat was not much in demand, only
parties with ezhausted stocks effecting purchases, and a
decline of ls. to 2s. per qr. ruled the market. Barley was
almost nominal both as to samples and business, and it.
value remained about the same as last week. Beans higher,
Other grain unchanged. Avenges : Wheat, white,
from 595. to 625.; red, 565. to _6os. Barley, grinding,
345. to 38s. Oats, 245. to 255. per 24 stone; new Oats,
lc per stone. Beans, 441. to 465. per 39 stone.

NZITBURY, Sept. B.—Our supply of Wheat continues
large, and principally of inferior quality, but best descrip-
tions can scarcely be quoted lower, and to quit inferior a
reduction of 2s. per qr. was submitted to. Nit much new,
and general complaints of the yield per acre. Nothing
doing in Barley. Outs fully as dear ; also Beans and Peas.

- .
UXBRIDGE, Sept. B.—The supply of Wheat is very short,
and prices have declined le. to 2s. tier qr. The best price
given for the old is 725.; that for the best new, 691. per qr.;
the average price, 565. per qr. Rye, 365. to 38s. Winter
Oats, 225. per qr.

EDINBURGH, Sept. 7.—There was a fair supply of grain
in the market to-day. For Wheat and Oats there was
little demand, and prices back, while for Barley and Beans
there was considerable demand. Although Barley was less
on the average, the grain was in good condition. Wheat
on the top 3s. up, and on the average Is. 6d. down.
The top of Barley 2s. up, and on the average 6d. down.
Oats on the top same as last market, and on the average
Is. 2d. down. Beans on the top Is. 6d. up, and on the
average Bd. up. Uasold—Wheat, 128 qrs.; Barley, 17 qrs. ;
and Beane, I qr. Oats all soli.
WATERFORD, Sept. 7.—Our supplies of home grown
grain continue very small, farmers belief; actively enraged
with their harvest now that the weather lids taken up.
From abroad our &trivets are limited to two cargoes of
Flour. Tne trade is quiet but firm today for all articles at
the full currency of Saturday last.

CHEESE. —SA LISB U ItY, Sept. B.—At our market today
we had an exceedingly large supply of Cheese, more than
300 tons being pitched, which is more than has been sup.
plied for many markets past. The attendance of buyers
was equally large ; higher prices were asked on the part of
the holders, which for a time checked business; but sub.
sequently the business became brisk, and nearly the whole
was clears d off at an advance of 21. per cwt. above the cur-
rency of last market. The quality of the Cheese was un-
usually good. The following were the quotations:—Skims,
281. to 38s. ; half•skims, 521. to 58s. ; Somersou, als. to
725. per cwt.; and a few lots of the primest Cheddar
realised 841. to 86s. per cwt. The demand for exports.
tion continues as brisk as ever, and there is no immediate
prospect of a diminution in the demand for English Cheese
for export to foreign countries.

CATTLE.—Lean, Szrr. B.—The number of cattle for
sale et the market yesterday was 674, including 130 fo-
reign. Of sheep and lambs there were 4,100. There was a
numerous attendance of buyers and a pretty good demand.
Bevis realiped Bs. tolls. 6d. per stone of 16Iba. ; sheep, 61d.
to 7d., and lambs, 7d. per lb.

. _
Haw Aux., Sept. 7.—At our market today we had a mall
attendance, the weather being so exceedingly fine that the
farmers were engaged at their harvest operations. How-
ever, a tolerable amount of business was done at prices
about as last week. There were 399 Sheep, 18.3 Beasts, and
131 pigs penned.

Ernsinudon, &pt. 7.—The supply of Sheep and Lambs
this morning was large, the number being 7,880, or 728
more than last week. The attendance of purchasers was
numerous ; consequently, the demand was good, and last
week's prices, fur both Sheep and Lambs, fully maintained.
Top price of the best Mutton, GI& per lb.; current, 6d. ;
middling and inferior, f rom sd. to No. ; Lambs, top, 2.58.6 d.;
current price, from 161. to IS. per head ; blackfaced, top,
14s. ; clam nt, from 9s. to 1 Is. and downwards. At the
close a gout clearance effected. The supply of Cattle) was
382, being 34 less than last market. Demand also good,
and a good clearance effected, at prices fully equal to those
obtained last week. Top price of the best Beef, 9s. 3d. ;
current price, from 8s Gd. to Ba. 9d. per Dutch stone ;
middling and inferior sorts, from Ts. to Bs.

SEABORNE ][AILS.
[N ytgalles that the awls err Yent ream w Gamed Post.ottok
► the neeht —end ill b► the mond ew

byiite;;Thanti Nir the InWrlesoaleb.l- -----
. - --
--
Day worn nouta. u. From %hat When
COGS Talk.d. lin iieueral Poet. Port di he
Of6or,Lomlor • despatched. England.
----••-- - - - -- --
41.aivicails, s`r.t • 1.•- ^ Every Friday Liverpool..... Eaelellou
/.. • le„-C. V;.itr.. i ..,...
ritst)
4 ' • .' . • :Stitt. •t he Sept. 27
A-..-trali.o via 6.lithium-
/4 Sept. 21 .... ..... louthempton.liept. 20
i/.tio(v-.a Y•aneilleu) ft Sept. 8 Dover
...rt•or (via Cape at Good
Moe; .... ..... ... .14 Sept. It
..•_
4 •,, :I% . : 45.-,.. O SW. :3 ....... '' - •-.-9,.1 .:.',/irmatt 2v
Al• .~ '.I. ,
tlezaudrla m 1-0,. -• ,• • Woutharatimn ,Sept. 20
ilabanem /4 1711 of the mouth Southampton. Sept. 16
&see,- ..., ... N ally ..... Dover .IDaily
13.,....1 ......
" ...Pi, tyre.... ' wh of the. -ii. a. . Southamptoo.'Sept. 16
°spoof Goal Hope... If 14th of tlit, montl Plymouth ..'Sept. 2G
Cape de Ver)ii It 14th of the moos Plymouth ...,Sept. 26
itylou (me India)
(-viol,
Channel Take .. ............ • 110a.,1t ert.,6lFrid Southampton. TuTir.S it
Chili. . ... ........ 7 Salal. 17.• iup ro Soutkeo iptoa.' Sept. 16
Chian (am India)'
Mosta. iir.,p.r. s 7.6,17.24,&:7ef no. ••-•ver . ;Sept. 10
fimentantim.ple ll leketrers ~ ...el, Southampton., Sept. 20
Pont of Europe N ilk tl reirkedaily Dover ,l wie.
Egypt (see India)
Franc ....... ..... ..A2 '.7r '• Twice daily - r ' Tarsi .10,
3ihraltar ..111 li. 7. 17,28,:70ta. '‘ •.*! .17 t--- !Sept, 16
D-e. (se.. India)
hay own ..............II in4/417thot nowil. Southampton. Sept. 16
[lumbar+ -- ...... ......- Toads, ft wri I Laudon
iiitTehital ...... .ii Shit oS Deo wont' •authanipteti Oct. I
a laud
..„. ........‘" Wilma. St i-i.- • ILAN:Mon
Mao:lure: ...._ ... ... .t 4 170 t of tin mew, iriouthampton ,&.pt. Is •
Is Ilet(viarionthaM i.l 7- 4tltili9Btli i! I, mi. Southampton Sept. YO
trim !via NI trp-i11.,i t 4 eirwrit.h -: nio-oi - .i:7 . Sept. IN
lonian Lam Dies Ladle)
to Its/. ..... ..-.... ' •,.. ' rWit. dells ... i ••' head . , T,,,i,,4 ,L.
Li.ton hi 7„ 17. 812701. a. Southampton. Arrived
Ita,leint ~,...,......, •71 Sth of the mouth.. southamptom.lSept. IA
Mudeint M Auguet.B.
elulta (gee India)
el ilta .... ... .. .—.. . N 417,19.27g100t m rkwer . .... Se, t. 10
Mauritius (ale India )
it , natit0............ ..... ° 14th of the meth Plmoutti , Sept. 2'i
No •ie, ._ ..... —.. n 4 of tt.e month Southampton. Oct. 1
Moats Vide, ............hi .41i of the month SouthumptoOkept. It
N... v ........ ° 3.1t1M023004 M.,. lover . 'Sept. 12
sew rename ...........ts ind,r 151... • ~..se . Southall' ton., sept. 16
New restart .............. By private ship . Various portel Fen flat.
i• ...A1.ith150,..1111.0 0 over i wept 12
Peninsula ... .. . • ',hi 'NW/rile/re, emnbampton.Aept. 16
Peru .. .. • tail 17th ~' me. southampton." spt 16
Port Natal ............ te IPh of the Month Plymouth ...!Step'. 26
-loily N •• • 1., • " Dover Sett. 12
h0miny...................'it, go 1 Ilioret Sept. II
Venezuela II mil* I" r... 1 -..9i . southampton. •e,.t. 16
...moles Lantl ',rev i
i es.t Indies
• when any ot these doter fall on • Sunday the malls will bode.
-hatch...ion the thiihhtll4 lie with du szoept..m of Mom tor India
and tumnilia (elf Southampton., olden will be despatched the day