The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-01 00:00:00

protected the rebels instead of pursuing them.

FRANCE. POPULATION.— The Moniteur pub-1
Hebei an official account of the census of 1846, from which it
appears that the population of France then amounted to
36,400,486 souls. In 1841, when the previous census was
taken, it was only 34,230,178, thus showing an increase in
five years of 1,170,308. In 81 departments there has been
an increase in the population, and in .5 a decrease. The de-
partments in which the increase has been the most remark-
able are—The Seine (169,000), Nord (47,000), Rhone
(44,000), Finisterre (38,000), Bouches du Rhone (38,000),
Oironde (34,000), Lfire Inferieure, C6tes du Nord, Cher,
Haute-Vienne, Morbihan, and the Haut-Rbin. The five
departments in which the population hasdecreased are—The
Eure (2,533), Lozere (813), Jura (734), Meuse (662), and
the Rhone (531). At the commencement of the present
century the population of the French territory was 27,000,000.
The increase in 4G ears has, therefore, been 9,000,000.
SUPPLIES OF FOOD.—The Gazette des Crisco, pub-
lishes the following table of the result of the corn harvest
and potato crop in different states of Europe : In Southern
Russia the corn was of a good quality, but edema quantity.
In Central and Northern Russia the harvest was abundant ;
the potato disease was only felt iu a few districts. In Poland
the corn harvest was bad to both quality and quantity : the
potato crop failed generally. In Scandinavia a bad harvest.
In Prussia, generally speaking, in all the provinces both po-
tato crop and harvest were bad. In Saxony and Holstein •
fair harvest, hut the potato disease committed great ravages.
In Hanover the harvest was bad, and the potatoes universally
failed. Ia Wurtemberg, Baden, and Bavaria, the quality of
, the grain was good, but the quantity small. In Turkey the
maize was good, and 'the rice and wheat mediecre. The
;harvest varied in the different provinces. Austria is similarly
I situated. In Italy nein and corn were good, though burnt
in some provinces—potatoes are but little cultivated in Ra'y.
In Switzerland the quality was good, but not abundant: the
potato crop failed. In France the harvest universally bad,
and the potatoes failed nearly in every department In the
Netherlands, and in Belgium, the corn-harvest was equally
bad, as also the potato crop. In England the corn-harvest
was good, the potato crop partly failed. In Scotland the
grain was inferior, and the potatoes failed. Ia Ireland both
harvest and potato crop failed.
The Reforms states, that bread at present sells at
lat 6.1 centimes (6d.), the 21b. loaf, at Lons-le-Saunter. Ex-
I orlfitant as this price is, it is exceeded in several towns both
in Alsace and in Lorraine. The Mouehe states, that the
merchants of Saint Brienne, in Brittany, had, in con-
sequence of the high price of provisions, freighted a ship
of 400 tons burden to proceed to th 3 Levant for •
cargo of Wheat, which they were determined to
sell to the less affluent classes at first cost. The
Message,. do Nord announces that the price of Wheat
had risen two francs the hectolitre in the market of Lille
on Wednesday last. The Commerce de Duakirgue states
that a further rise has takes place in the C..ra market of
Be es. The Potriote de la Meurthe states that at the
market of Nancy, on Saturday last, the 20th of February,
, there were but .50 hectolitres of Wheat offered for sale to a
population of 40,000 souls. The consequence was a rise of
I one franc the hectolitre.

SWITZERLAND.—The French journal of Frank-
fort of the 21th contains a correspondence from Zurich under
the date Feb. 20, in which it instated that serious disturbances
had taken place on the Austrian and Sardinian frontiers of
the canton of Tessino, in consequence of large purchases of
corn having been made on those frontiers, for the purpose
of exportation. The inhabitants of Varese, Laveno, Lesto-
Calende, and Arena committed many excesses, such as
pillaging the corn stores and oorn boats, and destroying carts
and waggons filled with core. The custom-Lou: officers of
Cwtalello, a town on the boraers of Sardinia, were obliged
to fire on the crowd, two of whom were killed and several
wounded.
ITALY.—ROME.—DON MIGUEL.— The Preise
gives a letter from Rome dated Feb. 18, from which we
quote the following remarks:—" The prince left Rome be-
tween the 22nd and 24th of last month. The pontifical
government. like all the European governments of the day,
bad recognised the legitimacy of the claims of Don Miguel
to the throne of Braganza ; thus when, after the invasion of
Don Pedro, the Infant was compelled to seek a refuge at
Rome, Gregory XVI. and his government received him as
the legitimate King of Portugal. At the close of 1845 the Pope
made an arrangement with the government of Donna Maria.
A nuncio was sent to Lisbon. A previsional compromise re-
gulated the affairs of the church ; the queen was recognised,
and a change took place in the position of Don Miguel. A
proposition was made to him to accept proposals made by
the Portuguese government, that he should recognise that
government, and receive in exchange far his title an annual
income from his territorial poeseernions, and a pension as In-
fant. Don Miguel refused. The Roman government was
compelled to act. His titles and royal honours were denied
him, and his annual allowance reduced two-thirds. The
prince made no complaint, but did not appear any
more at public ceremonies. In these two phases at
the prince's sojourn at Rome, first, as recognised king,
and then as Infant, the pontifical government never
considered him in any other light than as a guest. The
enjouni of Den Miguel at Rome, imposed, perhaps, on the
Infant by Austria, was, as regarded the papal governineet,
quite voluntary. It must be concluded from this, that whe-
ther the prince informed the government of his intended
departure, or said nothing at all about it (which is
much more likely), there was but one line of conduct open to
the papa! government ; that is to any, not to interfere. But
if the pontifical government was aware of the pro.

jeeta of the pretender, it was, at least, • diploma-
tic duty to inform the Portuguese legation at Rome of it.
I now come to the
tion of his ni,ee, Don Miguel had seldom resided in the
city, but had spent the neater portion of his time at his
villa at Albano, and passed his time in the chase, or in the
culture of his lands. When he came to Rome his stay was
but a short one, and was usually occasioned by his wish to
share in some of the ceremonies of the different orders of
penitents with which he Is connected ; end if the information
I have received be correct, as I fully believe it is, his evasion
was conceived and resolved in the assembly hall of the bre-
thren dello mores via Giulia. As each brother who enters
the hall is enveloped from head to foot in a black cloth or
winding sheet, it will be conceived how easy it was for the
Englishman or for the two Frenchmen, who, it is said,
organised the plan of his flight, to communicate with him
without arousing the suspicions of the ambassadors and
the public, or even of any one of his own household.
On the appointed day, the carriage of Colonel B—, an
Englishman, with post horses, drove out of the gate Del
Popolo, between nine and ten in the morning. A few
mo-
ments afterwards, Dou Miguel rejoined the colonel in a shoot-
ing carriage by the same gate, left his gun in it and mounted
on the box of the English carriage, which left at the usual
pace on a word from the colonel. What direction the carri-
age took after the first post-station is not known. The lega-
tions interested in watching the movements of Don Mi-
guel could not have remained four or five days igno-
rant of his evasion, as was here the case. The Portuguese,
Spanish, and French legations, have remonstrated on the
subject, and demanded explanations from the secretsry of
state. Nothing is said of the English legation. According
to report, Cardinal Gizzi ret lied by evasive answers."
CRACOW, FEB. 17. —The ladies of Cracow have
formed a committee for the purpose of keeping in a good
condition the monument raised in that city to the memory
of Kosciusko.
GREECE.—The misunderstanding between a

Greek officer and the Turkish minister, which we noticed
lately, has not been settled. The lfonifeur Gres, of the 10th
inst., contains the following letter from Janina, dated
22nd January:—" I ante to you under the vivid and
lively impression of some events which have just taken
place at Janina, and have caused some anxiety among the
Christians. In the night of the 9th and 10th of January, a
mussulman, Said-Effendi, Was assassinated by some villains,
who entered his house in the hopes of carrying off a large
booty. One of the culprits, a Greek rays, of the name of
Nassos, was arrested. When put to the torture, he confessed
his share in the crime, and declared that his accomplices were
two Greeks. Ziki Effendi, the Kehaya-bey of the governor,
known for his hatred of the Christians, thought he had
found a pretext for a pent cution of all the Greeks. For •
whole week, armed men seised every Greek they met, and
used all sorts of persecutions. The French consul addressed
remonstrances to the governor of Epirus, Heroin Pacha, the
result of which win that the persecution of the Greeks partly
ceased. Kehaya Bey persuaded the Turks that the culprits
were kept concealed from the authorities, although the French
consul twined the Turkish authorities in their endeavours to
discover the real culprits. By his orden, two Greeks, Michela*
and Karechelios, were arrested and imprisoned, suspected of
having been in relation with the assassins. The Kehaya-bey
fancied that if he put them to the torture he might get
something out of them. The French consul refused to hear
of such a thinF. Ziki Effendi felt that he could not openly
brave the trench consul, and made no reply, but
on the night between the 19th and 20th, the unfor-
tunate Michalis was by his orders taken from his
cell and secretly conducted to the seraglio, where
he was put to the torture, till the following
morning. The French consul, informed of what was
going on, arrived in time to save him from his execu-
tioner, and caused Michalie to be conducted to the
Greek consulate, where he was locked up. The Kehaya-
bey, furious at this, sent for three individuals of the very
dregs of the Turkish population, whose hatred of the Chris-
tians was well known. They had a long conference with
Ziki Effendi, alter which they paraded the principal streets,
invoking the names of Allah and Mahomeci, arid calling to
arms the true believers, appointing the mekheme (a tribunal
of the Cacti) as the point of meeting, where the Kehaya-
bey was present in person. The Csdi, Abdullah
Effendi, was too well inclined to second the projects
of Ziki Effendi. He sent some of his men to &mist the emis
series of the Kehaya Bey, and in a short time the pepu!ous
quarters of the town were swarming with furioas men with
drawn swords. shouting death against the Christians, the
Franks, and their consuls, and calling the Mussulmen to
arms in defence of their religion. A scheik addressed the
multitude, declaring that the spirit of Said Effendi had
appeared to him at various times. demanding vengeance.
Others added that the Djins (spirits of the air) had been con-
sulted, and had replied that the assassins of Said Effendi had
not left the city, but were concealed in the house of a high
personage. The mob at once proceeded to the seraglio of
the Governor of Epirus, demanding the blood of the Chris-
tians and the heads of the consuls. The eeramander of the
regular troops of the garrison, Mahmoud Bay, arrived at the
same moment, and demanded from Hafouz Pacha two or
three companies to restore order. Hafuns Pacha refused,
and Mahmoud Bey was compelled to retire. A few mo-
ments afterwards the mob bad forced an entrance into the
dwelling of the French consul. The servants of the consul
presented themselves armed to defend the staircase, when
M. Sabatier appeared in person, ordered his men to liy
down their arms, and walking boldly up to the assailants,
demanded the reasons of their violence and aggression. This
presence of mind astonished them ; they hesitated, and this
moment was taken advantage of to thrust them out of the
courtyard and close he gates. Eight or ten shots were
fired at the consul, but no one was hurt. The armed force
arrived a few moments afterwards, and the mob dispersed.
Heroin Pacha then made his appearance, pale and discon-
certed, offering to hang any one the consul liked. Many
arrests were made, but it is to be feared, as is often the
case in Turkey, that the real culprits will be spared sad
their misguided tools executed. Such are at least the hopes
of Ziki Effendi and Vebib Effendi, who trust to a report
drawn up by themselves, which they will compel the Chris-
tians to sign, and which will be then forwarded to Con-
stantin:2S,"
THE LEVANT.— SUPPLIEM OF CORN. The
Courrier of Marseilles rays that the commercial advice, from
the Levant are of a satisfactory character as regards the arri-
val of grain expected from those ports. A vessel from Odessa
had brought the intelligence to Constantinople that, on the
4th, the ice had broken up, and that more than 50 vessels
were able to sail for the Bosphorus. From this circumstance
it is hoped that, if the thaw has not yet become general, it
will not be long before it becomes so, and that departures
will take place without interruption. It is stated that nu-
merous vessels had been engaged at Constantinople and
Smyrna to take in corn, at the different ports of Turkey, for
Marseilles.