The Express.
London, England, 1862-05-02 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY IN EM!:G, MAY 2, 1862

LITERATURE.

The Life of Edward Irving, Minister of ells National
Scotch Church, London. Illustrated by his Jour-
*oh and Correspondence. By Mrs. °LIPMAN?.
Hurst and Blacked. London, 1862.
Edward Irving, angel of the Catholic Apostolic
Church, in Newman-street, London, died in Glas-
gow iu December, 1834. He was buried in the
crypt of the Cathedral of that place, most of the
clergy of the city following, and amidst numerous
signs of a general sympathetic interest in the de-
parture of one who, at the age of forty-two, had
finished a course eventful and strange, preeerv-
ing throughout aspothes purityof character, and all
the native tenderness of a loving heart. Amongst
the numerous common misconceptions in relation
to that period of Irving's life which began with
the separation of the new community from tho Re-
gent-square church, perhaps the chief error in most
minds has been one which this biography renders
henceforth untenable. It has been always supposed
that the new church was of Irving's formation, and
under his regular control. So little was this the
case, that after supplying the material of the church
Su sack into a subordinate position in it, which, it
appears, tried his faith exceedingly. It is painful
to witness the struggle which it met him to become
BO entire a slave to the new system as to remind
the reader of the Jesuit oath of blind submission
" even as a corpse," to the orders of the superior.
To this supreme test of his faith the strong, gigan-
tic, talented, applauded, self-willed " ruler of
men," as Chalmers had early called him, had to
submit. He never shared in the "gifts," and after
his deposition from the church of Swtland on the
ground of heresy, he was again deposed and put to
silence in his own new church by the spirits which
had usurped his place, only to be re-ordained after
a time by the imposition of apostolic hands at their
dictation. lie had the idea, which they could not
tolerate, that it was the duty of a minister to try
the spirits, and to regulate their order of utterance
by means of the written word, and they perpetually
reprove him for his interference. This was proba-
bly the severest trial which he had ever bad to
bear. It was not only against his whole self-cen-
tred and magisterial nature, but the position was
one of inevitable dilemma from which there was no
escape. It had been the habit of his life to hold by
the literal Bible. With all the closeness, if alsowith
much of the narrowness of the old covenanting in-
terpretation, be bad adhered to the written record,
the fixed inspiration of the elder centuries. Yet,
if the Spirit was at hand, speaking every day in the
fresh voicei of those possessed by it in Newman-
street, how could there be any contradiction be-
tween the old and new 1 But there wax in fact
much dissonance between them. He could not be-
lieve it ; he tried to reconcile them, and was re-
buked as impertinent by the presumptuous yokes
which, as a fresh inspiration, could not brook the
restraints of the ancient scripture, at least as he
was accustomed to read it, but which, Moos they
were, he believed, of God, he must also reverently
respect. As was to be expected., the living voices
carried the day over the dead letter. Allegoric in-
terpretation made all things possible, but it was
hard work for the poor presbyterian minister, now
become an angel, at the capricious command of
spirits whose working did not after all accomplish
the great and triumphant good which his first san-
guine faith had anticipated from them. He died
an utterly disappointed man, hoping against hope,
as he had submitted against reason ; but the Lord
had not come, and the future of the new church be
could neither foresee nor control. It must have
put upon the faith of his bellowing relatives an
enormous strain, when the spirits ordered him on a
mission to the bleak north, with the barer a/death
already upon bins, and against the peremptory
counsel of the friendly physicians who declared a
winter in the south to be the only hoped saving
his life. The following extracts indicate aoaaethsteg
of the writer's view of the" manifestations," and of
the position which the founder of the new church,
now and so early disclaimed as wok, occupied is
the body.
When the Merninp Wadi wand (ka Joe. 18331 to
afford him a wean et wenmaeicating his sbeegleta 1106 the
ratlic, kV* wrote no more. . . . His mummies
with the weld pew less and lan. He no laser weed
Mend to preach those open-air mamma to which, in the
previous year, Maenads lessee. Events drew elsie the
circle of fate ; SKIM sod mere 130 became inland is that
little world gelded W the ecstatic lettermen, wiser=
development was taking place. Darkly Happens,
the formal records of the (official Chrosiek, that re.okations
were being accomplished there, is which his devoted soul
acquiened painfully and with difficulty. He had to be
instructed even in that sew offioe of angel, whin, attest,
I read in the Cirotick, be lad an sodomised to be " say-
thing more than a presbyterian minister." He had to re-
comae heed/ to the aewl -bestowed spiritual funeticom
. . . of the elders and deacons, which, ea the sane
authority informs us, he " had not the least conception of,"
and, at tirst, witertained "the utmost repugnance to." He
had to leers, Wades, that "after the apostolic office had
been brought out," it was no longer his part to draw con-
chokes from the prophecies, or to follow their guidance
upon his own authority, and " eo coatrary," we see in-
formed, " was it to his views and practice" to await the
apostles decision upon these matters, "that he still con-
tinned to judge sad act upon words spoken in his flock,
whereby great trouble and perplexity were occasioned both
to himself and his people." It is added, however, that
he at length perceived his error" in al these particulars ;
yet, through the haze which envelopes the early growth of
so exclusive a body, and through all the personal affection
which surrounds Irving himself, it is plaid to see, by
glimpses, that this great, real, natural soul was again sadly
in the way of those rapidly growing new conventionalities
to which only the convotion that they were ordained of
God, could make him bow his head; and sou once more an
embarrassing presence to the lesser men monad, who knew
not how to wisps their vestmeuts to the limbs of a giant.
. . . . His reams and his heart struggle against those
bonds ; but still he submits—always submit", bowing hie
lofty sorrowful head, on which anguish and eseflict have
scattered premature mows, under the yoke. Throughout
the Chroactele, and other publications put forth by the com-
munity, this great Sons looms, always with formal acknow-
ledgments made of its greatness, often with natural out-
bursts of affection oeletrating its nobility, but nevertheless
with a certaiu unexpressed disc probation visibly mingling
with all praise. . . . Outside, people imagine him the
leader who has brought and keeps this congregation toge-
ther, and by right of whose permission prophets speak and
elders teach ; but, in reality, when one looks within, the
scene is very different. The apostles and prophets have
patience with him when the light breaks slowly, paint ally,
upon his troubled soul ; end, mastering all the prejudices
of his life, all the impulses of his will, this martyr into
whose lingering agony nobody enters, still bends his head
and obeys.
It ought to be remarked here that the public idea
of the matter was a perfectly natural one, though
, author seems to reproach every one that was
of as devotedly attentive to every movement of
r hero as she has herself been in compiling his
ography. In fact, Irving did, at rant, bead
,e movement, and directed the voices when to
and when to be silent. This did not maces-
• rily imply presumption in a minister who inter-
, And St. Paul's directions upon the subject in
veur of his own authority. Irving had always
.ld a very high conception of the proper attributes
, the miuisterial office which he, was called to fill.
ut the public could not be supposed to know bow
1 when the Frankenstein monster overpowered
he master who Lad summoned it into being.
lie whole picture is far more sad than the
, iiblic ever imagiuod it, the picture of a man sof-
' ering in all the better part of his nature from evils
.nought upon bins by all the worse. His vehement
ante and exaggeration, his impatience of restraint,
is passionate love of the new, obscure, and strik-
' to say nothing of what his enemies called in
sun arrogance and ambition, recoiled all upon his
eying and pious nature in a form which gives to
the unbiassed reader no other impression than that
of au astounding, unparalleled retribution. His
biographer sees nothing of this, which she has so
forcibly pourtrayed to others. She reports of his
faults without perceiving what she is doing, and
scolds his friends if they disliked them in him.
Anil, with regard to his great final delusion, though
saves him f ruin the heavy charge of imposture,
it is done at the grievous expense of his judgment,
but in such a way as to convert the folly in him
into a display of almost preternatural virtue.
Though we cannot find that she herself believes
in the " powers," since she endeavours to give
natural explauatioue of their appearance, she yet
tries to satisfy the reader that Irving's obstinate
and perverse credulity was the right thing for a
soul so highly gifted as he was, so superior to
Chalmers, arid such wiser men of judgment, in all
spiritual qualities, and her solo ground for this

The name of Eduard Irving is chiefly remem-
bered in sciatica with this qnestion as to the
supposed gift of Semmes thirty years ago ; it is
perhaps best fur his memory that this biography
gives a tolerably full detail of the facts and of
his impressions about them. He has found
a hero-worshipper so genuine and thorough
that she shrinks from nothing, assured that
his goodness of nature will preserve him in
the veneration of mankind, whatever judgment
they may formef his opinions. Her conviction is
not illgreauded. The world will not agree with
her implicit reverenoe for a greatness that had
frail the knit se many drawbacks But the world's
harsh opinion of her hero will receive some modi-
ficatieu ; men will perceive better than they have
been hitherto enabled to perceive the full seam of
aisadyle's aescuiption of Irving as " the misguided
noble-minded" and that perhaps without entirely
assenting to his reason for what he calls the clistor-
tioa of his friend by the poison of popular applause,
audits resulting insatiable thirst for DOW excitements
andaingigarities. There an be nodoubt that Irving's
marvelloas emcees as a preacher had something to
do with theeztrsvaganoee to which he afterwards
gave way. Mrs. 0 'pliant appears to deny this
altogether, and is scarcely just to Mr. Carlyle's
opinion, watch she disputes. She can find, she
says, no traces in his correspondence of any morbid
disappointment or sense of wounded vanity, when
after his leaving Hatton-garden for the larger
church in Regent-square his popularity with the
fashionable world immediately declined She ap-
pears to think that even his strange attraction for
the great weed had no effect upon him while it
lasted. Batt it should beremarkedthatFaihion never
came into his privatecirele, he would only deal with
it as an apostle. It was his function to rebuke
and denounce as in a city of the spiritually dead,
which he held the metropolis to be. When, there- I
fore, the world left him, the very world which it
bad been hie long ambition and object of prepa-
ration to address, the world which for several years '
he had so strangely moved, bow could be have
failed to perceive the cutting abort of the great
hopes of its conversion which he had been led to
entertain l Something of this Carlyle himself sug-
gests, making more of it than of any naturally hurt
personal feeling. But there is another point be-
sides. The mischief was done when Fashion
came, not when it left. It fed for a time
an ambition which, however pure and noble, could
not hut suffer afterwards in its disappointment.
And, in the meantime, its very presence is the
small Scotch chapel assisted to precipitate into
settled forms, ideas and e: pons which the
preacher's mind had long held only in solution. It
was in the midst of his popular days that he began
to preach upon the prophecies—an engroesing study
which Dr. Chalmers feared would "unahip him situ-
gather." His early, long, and ever-increasing literal
belief on these subjects requires to be taken into
fuller account than Carlyle makes of it, in explain-
ing the circumstances by which so able a mind was
misled. It is here that his biographer renders good
and abund ant service. The notion of anything in him
that could be properly called insanity may be set
aside as exploded. There is no sign even of failing
powers. We agree with Mrs. Oliphant that a man
who could write those charming letters home from
the Welsh mountains within a few weeks of his
death was extremely far from having become imbe-
cile. The common idea upon this point has always
proceeded upon the ground on which juries proceed
who sesame that one who commits suicide must be
of course a madman. Those letters are among the
gems of this work, and will be read with interest
altogether apart from the facia respecting Irving
to which they testify. They carry the thought
back to the freshness of hie earlier life, upon which
his biographer has justly dwelt with so much care,
and give the impression of a man tenacious, indeed,
of his convictions, but of a soul that has been puri-
fied and rendered meek by suffering. As to insa-
nity, thesefore Mrs. Oliphant has proved that
whatever Edward Irving became towards the end
of his life was in entire harmony with the convic-
tions and habits of mauy years before. Circumstances
affected the direction, but did not alter the charac-
ter of this development in him. What followed the
entrance, in 1827, into the larger church in Re gent-
equare is thus introduced ; and with this we leave
the question of the second advent which he expected
speedily, and of the spiritual manifestations by
which it has been commonly believed the balance
of his mind was overturned.
Tears intervened, sad the fervent }nem iop of thought,
thee only appearingtn a firmament where the hidden lights
came out one Int one, all unforeseen by the eager gazer till
they startled him with sudden illuminations, came to dare
lopments never unaccordant with the nature that produced
them, though mysterious and often sad enough to the calm
looker-on, before the world which had subsided out of its
frenzy of admiration was tempted to return into a frenzy of
curiosity and wonder. In the meantime, Irving. sober-
minded Scottish friends left him in his new beginning with
alarms and uneasy forebodings, not that be would penl his
understanding in attempts to retain his popularity, lot that
the unmanageable sublimation and prophet-spirit of the
man, inaccessible as they felt it to all such motives, would
ruin his popularity altogether.
In truth, he had been for a long tune more than
predisposed to believe the strange things which
finally alienated the public respect from him. As
Mrs. Oliphant says, "To him it was always easier
to believe the miraculous than the mean and oom-
mon." This is curiously put, but it represents the
habit of his mind. His feelings had always en-

conclusion, stated again and again, is that all t tered largely into every decision of his judgment,
his conviction of the Divine character of the 'and his biographer almost praise, it in lino, that
tongues sprung from a life-long belief in in contrast with Chalmers, who was ever stateaman-
the power of prayer. This was his main defence like and liberal in ju4neent, Irving was rather
before the Presbytery in London-wall. " I bad moved by prejudine and sympathy. He became
prayed for the Spirit so to come, and it came-- thus as much of a high tory in politics, and a high
What was I that I should not believe the Divine churchman 'in matters esclesiastioal, se it was pos-
promise and its fulfilment in answer to my prayer 1" Bible for a presbyterian minister to be. He op-
And nothing could turn him from this belief. It posed the emancipation of the Roman catholic., and
would be sin, he thinks, to doubt the manifesto- thought the repeal of the Test Act a deed of
firms to be of the Holy Spirit. The oracles proved appalling national wickeduaso He speaks of " the
shifting and contradictory, and some were thought thing called the London lisiversity," so named'
to be diabolic in origin it made no difference. by. him because it was founded on purely secular
Some of the propheta recanted, and de- Pea. " Satan is mustering his hosts," he
dared that they had been under delu- elsewhere declares, " under the standard of libe
sion. They were only to be pitied, and prayed rallani"—Milton was the archangel of radicalism,
for ; the Lord bad forsaken them. How was it arid Brougham he takes for its arch-fiend, probably
possible for light to come to a mind that could so 4- Si account of his foremost labours in the establish-
distort the plainest proofs of failure in his high mint of such things as the university just named.
hopes. He had ap • as he believed, the scrip- This was in November, 1825.
tural testa, and he would use no other. But, we This biography will be widely read, because not-
are bound to ask, is all this apology for Irving's. withstanding objections that may be made against
sincerity, this setting up of faith in him as a glo,- its apologetic and eulogistic method, it is well and
riot'', triumph over common sense, applicable to agreeably written. There is too much of the
himself alone 1 The author calls it an " impr as- author's reflections ; which, indeed, are very good,
finable faith which no weight of reasoning could but they hind*. the march of the narrative. The
move ;" and in the case of his wiferecognising" the life could quite well have told its own pathetic
fact that he was dying while they had both be- tale. There is in it one special point which will
lieved that he would recover, the biography r mites interest all classes of readers—the point at which
that her " faith gave way at last," as thougl a faith the great man holds the heart of his biographer
were something far superior to plain sense. But in en attitude of perpetual and natural devotion.
had the voices none of it, the apostl and She has a wonderful variety of eulogistic phrase at
prophets of whom the just quote d speaks command, but there is no side of the hero's character
in terms of slight t Were they, then, ti• ow which it is more worthily expended than in ex-
tors who are here styled " the leaser teen, who hibiting the loveable, simple-hearted, and almost
knew not how to adapt their vestme As to the perfect home relations of one whom his earliest
limbs of a giant " What might ' aura been friend describes as " the freest, brotherliest, bravest
stigmatised as impostures in oth. w men it human soul" be " ever came in contact with."
would seem were to him awful realit is. ; but the
reader is not allowed to draw his own conclu-
sion that the great man was infini "sty imposed
upon. His unconquerable credulity is no more
than the most sublime faith in a ce rtailii supposed
scriptural promise. He begs on' 301 his corre-
spondents to keep his conscience " aufetarred by his
understanding," which means • that a certain
literal Scripture interpretation re ipectiag the gifts
of the Spirit is not to be change d oat of defereace
to the mere judgment that neigh' . suggest another.
The biographer, with (the awf el example before
her of the miserable effects of refusing eta legiti-
mate rights to man's most ,undid gift of God,
his reason, seems rather c' deposed to praise in
Irving what other people mtg. ht pronounce to be a
tempting of the Divine Be tax. She says, "His
prayer had made God Bin beeif responsible" for
what Irving desired, sad when the voices will
speak in Regent's-square in spite of him, she
describes it as " God hi aing Himself taken the
matter in hand." It is nof quite certain whether
the author is to be understood here as speaking
from his or from her ow a point of view, but this
manner of writing rime throughout the work, and
may perhaps convey a f; use impression of her real
views.

American Disunion, Constitutional or Unconstini-
tional I A Reply to Mr. James Spence upon the
Question, " Is Secession a Constitutional Bight I"
Discussed in his recent molt, " The American
Union." By CHASSID; ED. Rawtuss, Jun. bon.
don : Nobert Hardwicke.
Mr. Spence's work was a bold and ingenious
attempt to cover the premeditated treason of the
seceders with some appearance of legality.
People who knew anything at all about the
subject saw through it at once, and set
it down as an a posteriori effort to justify a
foregone conclusion. Indeed, Mr. Spence virtually
acknowledges that such was the case when he cou-
fesses that he cemmencied his book with strong
prepossessions in favour of the South, and that as
he proceeded with it he felt these prepossessions
harden into convictions. He convinced himseelf, is
short, and hoped by the same process to convince
the public. We pointed out at the first
anoe of the book liaise of its chief fa=
but it exceeded our functions to enter into
an elaborate refutation of them. We are therefore
gratified to find this task performed as it is by Mr.
Charles Edward Rawlins. Mr. Rawlins passes
over the rhetorical parts of Mr. Spence's book,
and grapples with the only tangible argument it
contains. He gives no heed to the patent attempts
of his opponent to rouse the prejudices of this
country against the North, but lays hold with
a strong and firm hand of the constitutional part of
Mr. Speuce's disquisition, and deals with it most
satisfactorily. Mr. Spence made a fatal mistake in
appealing to the Constitution ; far better for him
would it have been to have rested his cause upon
the right of iusurrectien, which no law can abro-
gate, although his difficulty would be very''.
great to justify insurrection in this case. He
has, however, appealed to the ,Constitution, and
to the Constitution Mr. Rawlins has insisted
upon bringing him. The gist of the dispute
is whether the Constitution of 1787 has or has
not reserved the sovereign rights of the several
States, and amongst them the right of secession.
Mr. Spence maintains the affirmative—Mr. Charles
Edward Rawlins the negative. It must be obvious
at the outset that the deicusaion is one of interpre-
tation. The text of the Constitution isithere eons-
mon to both sides. Erich puts its own construction
upon it, and the decision of the reader as to which
is right will be determined by the superior weight
of argument Mr. Spence is no doubt a very ad-
mirable writer, mid knows how to conceal the uglier
features of his cause with great skill, but his prin-
ciples of interpretation are wholly abstract, and
turn chiefly upon the aocidental meaning of
words. Mr. Rawlins, on the other hand, applies
to the text of the Constitution all those prfficiples
of interpretation which for ages have guided
the decisions of Westminster Hall. There
is, in the first place, the celebrated rule
of interpretation, "The old law, the mischief,
the remedy." In applying this to the Constitution
Mr. Rawlins has, we think, exhibited a power of
expression and a force of logic which it would be
difficult to match. Mr. Spesioe's flimsy though
graceful sophistries are crushed before his argu-
mentation, like so many cobwebs before the popes-
head in a strong hand. The old law our author
shows was that of the 'evolutionary congress with
its confederation of sovereign States, varying in their
political origin, their laws, and their local interest&
The mischief was the reservation of these sovereign
rights, which might at any time lead to secession—
that is, to the destruction of the national .unity.
The remedy was the Constitution at 1787, expressly
adopted to avoid those very evils for the justifica-
tion of which Mr. Spence evokes its authority. Mr.
Spence argues throughout as if the original " articles
of oonfederation" were still in force. Mr. Rawlins
demonstrates that they were abrogated after long
deliberation, for the very mason that they left it
optional to the several States to remain in the
Union or not. He does mat oily upon his power of
attaching non-natural meanings to words, or of
using archaic words in their modern acceptatiuu.
He takes contemporary documents in sari snaterid,
and shows as clearly as it is possible for language to
show that it was because the "Articles of Confede-
ration" left the national unity insecure they were
superseded by the Constitution of 1787. Nothing
can be more conclusive than Isis reasoning on this
point, nothing more inevitable than the conviction
which his reasoning must leave upon every candid
mind. He shows further that the Constitution of
1787 in all its provisions was designed to preserve
the national unity from this special danger of seces-
sion. We cannot help again contrasting favour-
ably his principles of interpretatioa with those of
his opponent. Mr. Spence picks out a phrase here
and there, and builds a theory upon it. Mr. Raw-
he• reads Iho whol• flooumwat as the utter-
Knee of one great thought ; he interprets it
so that if there be an ambiguity in it
the greater part of the document shall rather stand
than perish. If we take Mr. Spence's interpreta-
tion of a sentence or two of the Constitution, the
rest of it must be meaningless. If we take Mr.
Rawlins's, the whole has a distinct, definite mean-
ing, which it is impossible to misunderstand. It
is no doubt unfortunate that the terms federal and
sovereign should have been retained, when the
things they represented were abolished. Instead
of " federal government," the phrase should have
been " national government," for that is as clearly
the intention of the instrument as it is clear that
the sun is intended to give light ; and instead of
" sovereignties'," the phrase should have been
" municipal rights," for that is manifestly all that
was reserved fur the provincial authorities of
the several States. By sovereignty, Mr. Rawlins,
and all men who have given attention to constitu-
tional law, understand supreme and independent
self-government, the power of making laws, of
making war and peace, and of regulating foreign
intercourse. A district, province, or state which
has relinquished these sovereign prerogatives has
manifestly denuded itself of the very essence and
marks of sovereignty, has become mediatised, and
subordinate ; but this is exactly what the Constitu-
tion of 1787 effected on all the States separately,
and therefore to still call them sovereign States
is a glaring misnomer. The several States no
doubt retained the power of local legislation, but
this is really nothing more than the power exer-
cised by some of our great municipal corporations of
making by-laws and issuing local regulations, and
the same limits are set to both—namely, that they
iniad not run counter to the common or 'statute
law of the land. We think Mr. Charles Edward
Rawlins has shown beyond cavil that this Constitu-
tion, the essential purport of which was to secure

the Union from the dangers of secession, was
ratified and adopted by the whole people, and
not merely countersigned by the officials
of the several States, and that it was accepted with
a distinct: intelligent apprehension of that dis-
ruption against whisk it was to be a guarantee.
The settlement of this question will not, we fear,
do much towards bringing the dreadful war now
raging to a happy termination. Yet it must be
satisfactory to the North to have its consciousness
deepened of the purity of the cense in which it
'is lavishing its blood and treasure. Mr. Raw-
lins's book is without question, and with all
deference to Mr. Lothrop Motley, the most con-
cise and telling argument yet issued on this side of
the controversy, and it is delivered with a philoso-
phical calmness which is in itself no mean proof
of the soundness of a cause, and indicates a con-
sciousness of power in reserve which was not needed
in the present controversy.

The *rat point of interest to the Californian
bound from Sae Fesseisce fee earibes in British Columbia
is the town of Victoria in Vaaeouver's Island. In 1843 the
site of this tows me • forest. We embark on board the
Ammer at Vistoria, awl premed to the city of New West-
minder, the capital of British Coinmbia. 16 miles from the
mouth of the Freest, and 66 miles from Victoria. Trans-
mrd os board another Osamu we proceed to Derby, 14
distant. From Derby to the month of the
Harrison River is AO miles, to Fort Hope 30 mile., end to
Feet Yale 14 miles. We sew lease the stammer and proceed
to Spasms', 12 mike; to Bodes Bar, 14 ; to Forest House,
14 ; *Lytton city, 20 ; to Nicholas River, 24 ; Vcnables
Reach, 12 ; brlssan's Rauch, 18 ; upper crossing at Buono-
parte River, 30 ; Green Lake, 15 ; Bridge Creek. 23 ; La
Bathe, 25; Williams lake, 30; Deep Creek, 16; Heaver
Lake, 20 ; Little lake, 14 ; Quesnelle, 6 ; Keithly's Creek
is Cariboo, 20; AWN,' Creek, 20 ; Williams Creek, 10 ;
sad to Lightning Creek, 15. Total distance from Victoria
to Keithly's Creek, Cariboo, 483 miles. and to Lightning
Creek, 628 miles. There are some excellent roads
through the lower portions of the country. From
Yale to Bodes Bar there is an excellent buck-
trail. From Keithly's Creek to Antlers Creek the
road la over one of the highest ranges in the country, sod
from the summit a view of the whole discovered golden
country of Cariboo is obtained. The average cost of trans-
portation at freight last year was 41. per ton from Victoria
to Fort Yale ; from thence to Lytton by canoes, 201. ; and
by pack trams, 34d. per lb. ; and to Antlers Creek, 10d.
per lb. From Fort Yale to Cariboo there are hotels at
intervals of 10 and 15 miles. Gold was discovered in Que-
nelle River in 1849. In June, 1860, • party ascended
the north fork of the Queeselle, and came to
a lake where one of than shot a cart bumf, or cariboo, se it '
is called is the vernacular, an animal of the reindeer species ;
and the enantry round was called Cariboo from that circum-
stance. About this time Keithly, a Californias lawyer,
discovered Keithly's creek. In September, 1860, Bowes,
Rose, sod Macdonald crossed the mountain northward and
discovered • creek called by them Antlers Creek, from their
findisg there • magnificent pair of antlers. Bowen and hie
party kept their discovery of the creek secret until the
spring, but Weaver travelled is snow shoes and prospected
at the same spot. Bowen and Weaver severally laid claim
to it, and the friends and partisans of each
were determined to fight for their rights. The combatants
atestered about 150, sod lodises were to take part in the
esonflict. The gold oommissioser, however, prevented ths
kettle. Antler city is now Wilt on this spot. It contains,
besides the beaus of the misers, a dozen stores, and se
many saloons and hotels. From a hole 7 feet wide ad
7 fed deep l ounces of pure gold were takes out. During
last year there were about 1,500 wipers at Cariboo. They
corned from 30s. to 42a. per day, and their living cost them
from Bs. to the The Cariboo diainp prose that gold can
be found is both the eastern and western slopes of the
Rocky Mountains. Cariboo is at present the utmost north-
ern limit of exploration. The gold found there is coarse,
and in large quantities, which proves that the mimes are
virgin and rich.—Califonsicus paper.

CARIBOO.

Thebes, its Tombs and their Tenants, Ancient and
Present, including a Record of Excavations is the
Necropolis. By A. 111/411X REIN; F.B.A.
London : Longman, 1862.
Mr. Rhind's personal investigation of the
sepulchral system of the Egyptians has enabled
him to arrive at certain general facts which will be
found of importance to future searchers into the
dim ;repoaitoriee of the past. He was especially
fortunate in discovering • perfect family tomb,
which had never been disturbed, and of this he
gives a minute description is all its &tails. He
classifies the different kinds of tombs, and enigma
their chronological and social positron, and Ifis-
cusses with much acuteness the metaphysical signi-
ficancy of hieroglyphic literature. He endeavours
to settle the ethnology of the races by whom the
tombs were used, from the sculptures and inscrip-
tions which yet remain on them, as well as by the
metallurgic criterion which has been successfully
applied to the northers races, and for which there
is ample material in the metallic relics which he has
discovered. The volume is superbly illustrated
chromolithography, and concludes with a desorip-
ties of the life of tie Arab inhabitants of the
tombs at the preseat day. The style of the work
is graceful and expressive, and the author speaks
of his own important labour* with a candour and
modestrtbat secure our confidence in the value of
its achievements.

A rimer Tour in the Orisons and Bernicia. By
Mra. 'WRY Fassiirtit... Landau: Longaians.
1862.

This is a delightful little volume, freah, livekv,
and full of natural enjoyment. Mns. Freshfield
investigated a portion of the Alps as yet but
slightly known to the public, and has certainly
dons all that words can do to lay before us the
beauty and sublimity of the scenery she met with.
There is a peculiar character about this book. It
contains more than may be suspected from a saere
cursory perusal of its contents. The little posting
notices of inanimate objects, the botanical, and
natural history remarks, will to the careful reader
indicate a highly-aocomplisbed mind. eatiewed.
with no ordinary powers, and always under the
control of good taste. We cordially reoconnendi
the volume to all who can appreciate rolinamemt of
thought and soundness of observation.

The Book Howler, Ix. By JOIILN Horn. Barr os
Edinburgh and London : WiLiam Blackwood and
Soca.

Thin is a collection sad awylifisatioa of

interesting aeries of papers whelk appeared a year
or two since is Blacicwoodre Magaaae. They at-.
traded ao musk attention at the time that it is
not Necessary to dwell upoa their misusing okasao-'
ter. We therefore contest earselvea with saying
that every alteration made is preparing them Jar
this volume is, in ear o as sei,peseeenest ;
and that the metier el the isaic is seedy doable
what appeared is the nags ins.

Elliot: a T.M. By L. N. Camamm. Leaden
Lampasas.

A tale of boyhood sad &limed, with es defier.;
able ending. The true bete is net Elliot, butt
her brother Gerard, to whom she is fondly at.-:
Inched. The anther meets all his power in de-;
picting this Gerard, and Las onquestienably ono-;
seeded hi placing before us a most complete *ewe,
of an .Engllsh gentleman boy. He is brace, closer, I
candid, geoeroue, and Affectionate, but the author.
reminds us of that cm:silent much cow which would
yield a whale pailful of the East milk, mod then;
kiak it ever, for after he has insisted this sable boy!
with ell the attributes that are most precious and'
'esteemed is life, be can find nothing better to do,
with hire than to get him shot by a aehoolfeliew,
and leave him to die in agony is the smelling of
his laughiag youth. We d• net believe this to be'
the best way of impressing the minds of young
people with the asaelleicie of religion. The youth-
fig mind naturally revolts from the gloomy visions
of anguish, sad destli, and mourning, nor will it be
reconciled to them although the object of the story
be to show how Viable and piety .ean deprive even
these abhorrent incidents of their terrors.

Varacks and tit Crimes; or, Eittehet of a Soldier'sl
Life. From the Jettraids dad Cerrespowleasse of
the late M*r Rankest, B.E. Edited by his
brother, W. BAY/111 Resit. Landon : Long-

The memory of liajorßaulten is surrounded with
a painful interest as the laid English•cdticer who was
killed in the Crimea. Though but twenty-eight
years*/ age he had already srudiy.distinguided
himself by the steady and able dimbegge of every
duty entrusted to him. Be Jed the ladder party at
the sterniing of the Redan, and by the rapid
me:mince of wee became speedily a major. His kat
service vas to deetroy some military beildings at
I Sebastopol. The Sappers had laid their trains and
depueited their powder in the mines aerorildng to his
directions, but the trains having bees interrupted
by some mans, the wine failed to explode. Major
Ranken himself went formed to examitte the
I matter, and was shaking some loose gunpowder
shout on the ground, when the mines exploded and
be was buried in the ruins. The journal ktpt by
this lamented young officer is here for the most
pert reproduced. We would particularly :mom-
mend that portion of it which rewords the author's
experience of the trene.hos before Sebastopol es A
lifo-like pictees of the hardships, dangcri,
compensations of soldier-life in to of active nor.

Willie Atherton. A T./e. By Gloms Mamas-
Luthion : Llaundern (Way, and Co.

The lemon we learn from this tale is that when a
man of a generous, amiable ffssposition, but want-
ing in decision of character, comes into close con-
tact with an unprincipled, selfish scoundrel, he is
sure to suffer for it. It certainly needed so ghost
to give us this information. The old moral of the
collier and the fuller is daily illustrated in the
experience of almost every one. The originality of
the author consists in his choosing clergymen
as the exemplars of both the aril and the
good. Willie Atherton is kind, trustful. and pious,
Arthur Newnham is an intensely selfiiih, sensual,
unprincipled villain, with pleasing manners.
Willie cannot say the " valiant no," and is both
too credulous and too confiding. e consequence
of all this is that Arthur makes a complete tool of
him on all occasions, and victimises him under the
pretext of friendship. Poor Willie bears the blame
of almost all the other's evil deeds, and after they
have both gone into orders, has the mortification
and disgrace of being reputed the father of Arthur's
illegitimate child. These things weigh so upon his
mind that he dies young, and the successful villain
is left to enjoy life and such prosperity as may
befall him. The story is skilfully told, but it is
a melancholy affair, and from beginning to end
exhibits vice as taking the wall of virtue, and
securing the best places in the straggle of life.

Hospital, dispensary, and private practice, all
tarnish Innumerable casts in which Dr. de Jongh a Light Brown
Cod Liver (ill ha, been administered with the happiest results
to 1 fruumption and all Dramas of the Chest. ho remedy so
rapidly restores the exhausted strength, improves the nutritive
functions, stops or diminishes en:meant( sn, checks the perspire.
Bon, quiets the cough and expeetoretiod, or produces a more
marked and favourable influence on the local malady. Soil only
in cal:waled bottles. Es. ed., Se Ski, and by Dr. de Jonah'.
Agents, Ansa?, Berford, and Co., 77, Strand, London, and cite-
mista--(Advertiscment.)