The Express.
London, England, 1848-08-14 00:00:00

Zfte Orpre!so.

MAI LS.
The West India Malls, °minding Bermuda, Nassau, Havann
llondurss, New (triune, Vera Cruz, Temple°, end Porto Woo, and
including Mose for Madeira, Jaemel, Carthame, Santa Martha,
Charms, PLUMS. West Coast of South AmeHmt, and Kt. Junnedu
N icersgua, will be made up on the morning of the 17th August.
The malls for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cad* and Gibraltar
will be made op do themovnin.g of the 17th Aug.
The malls for Britlob North America, and the United &eta,
will be made up thin evening of the loth Aug.
The overland melts lot Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonlan Ulm*
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Moog-Kong, and Mina, via Southway
ton, will be made up on the evening of the 19th August.
The overland clued malls, no al eranUes, to the Mediterranean,
Egypt, Mien, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong. Ix., will be made up on the
evening of the 24th Aug.
The mails for New South Wales, Van f)leman's land, and New
Zealand will be made up oar the evening of the 314 August.
The mails for the West CORK of Africa and Madeira will be aside
up on the evening of the 31st August.
The mails for the Kruile, tee River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam•
burn. Rubin, Mteleire, sod Buenos Ayres, will be made up on the
evening of the Ith September.

NOTICE TO ADVEItTISERS.
The number of sTAstl'S issued by the authorities of the
temp-othee, during 1847, to the
DAILY NEWS was 3.447.009
This, we believe, is within eight per cent. of the numbs
seined to the Morning Herald, Morning Chronicle, and
VW/1W Nat, ALL FUT TOOETHIft.
In addition to the above, issued to the DAILY NEWS,
‘lorning Paper, there were issued for the Eeeratio Edition.
TUB EXPRESS 778.714
Which was more, we believe, than were hostel either to
he Webs or Standard. Evening Papers.

TO CORRESPONDENT R.
•.• Ai•PrtibrPlellt• intiouled wt. Itapresa,. lAntlon catalog paper. maw
be at inanity*. In. butivecteuttrort, by Two o'clock an the day of publication.

11 1(10 •sTe. al lAISI,IIN 14.1.11/..
Tuts ells. put I; Alfenvoun,l6 fn,n. rißvt I.
To- —Norma. 14 =la. put 2. 11letwon, odu. past 2.

LONDON, MONDAY; AUG. 14.
THE plan of endowing the catholic clergy and
hierarchy of Ireland which has so long floated through
the upper regions of politics in the form of the desir-
able and the impracticible, has at length begun to be
contemplated as a thing to be attempted. The diffi-
culties of such a question have alone deterred the '
whigs from long since undertaking it, and turned
them rather to try the social regeneration of the Irish,
in seeking to compel the wealth and property of
Ireland to provide for and content its indigent
masses. In these attempts ministers and parliament
have evidently come to a full stop. They have met
with such determined and insurmountable.resistance
on the part of the landlord interest, that the most
liberal have become weary. Lord Joust Itessett
himself may be considered to have flung down his
hands in despair, a quasi rebellion having at the same
time shown him that no progress whatever has been
made in quieting the temper or removing the deep-
rooted disaffection of too many classes of the Irish
people.
The feeling, therefore, with English politicians
is, that it would be advisable to strike into a new
path, and to abandon the impracticable land question
for a season, in order to try those emollients and moral
remedies, in which, it is evident, that Sir It. PEEL
puts most truer for allaying Irish discontent. The
landlords themselves are probably nut displeased
to find the tide of improvement and innovation
take another direction then that immediately
menacing their rights and property. The Duke of
WELLINGTON, as we may judge from the voice of his
friends, is evidently in favour of such a new move,
and his influence with the Lords has always been con-
sidered an indispensable element of its success.
Even Lord STAN LET is not adverse, though he couples
the plan, as usual, with conditions that render
it impracticable and distasteful. In short, the
endowment of the Irish catholic clergy is likely to be
brought forward next session, with the support of
the three influential parties is parliament.
Notwithstandii g this universal approbation and ad-
hesion, we cannot admit ourselves to be converts to
the necessity, the wisdom, or the feasibil ty of such a
measure. Without taking into account the great re-
pugnance with which it would be viewed in England,
we fear its being productive of very little, if
any, effect at all in Ireland, unless the
length be gone to of equalising the resources and posi-
tions of the two religions. For even were the catho-
• lie clergy and bishops to be provided with stipends
according to the proportion laid down by Lord
ELLE,MEKE at the time of his formal motion on the
eubject,the inequality would exist as gross and galling
as ever, and perhaps more so from the recognition of
the right to endowment.
And yet it must be allowed that if a
right to new endowment exiate on behalf of
any clergy, it exists on behalf of the catholic
clergy of Ireland. In all countries the basis of a
voluntary system of church support exietss on the fair
supposition that each creed has its followers amongst
the easy and rich as well as amongst the poor and in-
digent, the abundance of the one supplying the means
of worship, education, and of decent and necessary
rites and comforts of religion to the poor. But in
Ireland catholicism is the exclusive religion of the
pour, the catholics having been fur centuries excluded
from the land and restricted in the acquirement ot even
moveable wealth, so that Irish catholics arc to the
state in the position of minors and orphans, deprived
of parentage and property by that state. If any
government in the world, therefore, should educate
the poor and provide for their religious necessities,
the English government of Ireland owed that to the
destitute descendants of the dispossessed catholics of
the country.
Bad as were the ancient governments of Ire-
land, we believe, they fully admitted this. It
is impossible to conceive the church, so amply
endowed in Ireland, to have been intended
to supply the spiritual wants of 1-14th or 1-filth of
the population. That church was based on the supposi-
tion that-it would go forth to convert and to conquer,
and to absorb the catholic population. Fur this it
was endowed—for this armed with wealth and predo-
minance. It has failed, irrevocably failed, failed
through its own fault; and we have no doubt that the
very English monarchs and ministers who esiablislied
that church in Ireland, would. could they be brought
to life and wade to behold its failure, admit
that mime new settlement was iudi-pensable
in common fairness, and for the peace of the two
countries, as well as for the welfaie of both religions.
That catholicism will and must be reformed, both in
tenets and in erinciples of church government, we
believe. But that reform must come from within,
and from its being the creed of countries progressing
in wealth, civilisation, and middle-class development.
It is not by sticking a hostile and ri,ihly endowed
church opposite or by the side of catholicism, that
you can now reform or overcome iii. These
ways of power and predominance were only good two
centuries ago. And even those who consider that
the first anti chief duty of a protestant church is
to combat catholicism must admit, that some new
position and organisation for a church militant must
be adopted very different from that of the protestant
church in Ireland. _ _ .

We fear, however, that the predominant idea with
English statesmen in determining to pay the Irish
priests is not by equalising the two re-
ligions to pu truth in a fairer position
to combat falsehood. Their view, we fear, is
but the narrow one of enlisting a new police force.
Such a scheme, however, would infallibly defeat itself,
for the more attached the Irish priest becomes to
an English government, the less influence will he
have over his flock. Nay, we can conceive the result
of the Irish secular clergy becoming stipendiaries to
be, the introduction, and growth, and popularity of a
regular clergy, which from the same cause have in so
many other countries extinguished the influence of
the parish priest.
The question, however, is but newly broached ;
and we shall have amok opportunity for watching its
development and studying its phases.

IN the whole mass of the miscellaneous estimates
there is no portion which receives so little attention,
and which, in reality, requires so much explanation,
as the votes for the law charges. Upwards of halt a
million is asked to be voted for the purpose of prose-
cutions, and the details given of the intended expen-
diture aro of the most meagre description. In the
majority of the votes, indeed, the bulk of the amount
sought is included in some lumping sum of thousands
without any particulars and without affording any
means by which the expenditure can be checked.
Every man knows that 1-.. w is a most expensive
luxury ; the payments out of the public funds are no
evidence that patting the law in force by public offi-
cers is less costly than it is to individuals ; nay, there
are items in the proposed votes which hon. members
are asked to vote, but which no man of business, in
his own private affairs, would think of drawing a
cheque for without the closest inquiry, and without

- •
pf_ vonc64rs of forner
nome
under

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVEgING, AUGUST 14, 1848.

thert=tittre •. - expendittare.
SO y u the amount on of these vete*
been graaredin forme years, that . der the head of
the solicitor to the Treasury the estimated amount to
be expended is some 16,4001., and yet a vote for
9,000/. odd is only required to be now taken, the
vast sum of 7,000/. being in hand on the balance of
former votes. Nor has the report of the committee
on these estimates made any very useful suggestion
for the future revision of, or cheek upon, the large
sums spent in public prosecutions. The committee
seem to have exhausted all their energies in two-
penny-halfpenny questions, and left the main points
either aitogether unnoticed or inefficiently touched
upon.
In the vote for the solicitor to the Treasury
the salaries of every party, from the solicitor down to
the runner in the office, are given in detail, and come
to 6,4001. 01 this sum no less than 2,650/. goes to
the solicitor, and 1,500/. to his assistant. The com-
mittee tell us that the future salary of the solicitor is
fixed at 2,5001. a )ear, and after a division of S to 3
(the minority consisting of Lord LINCOLN, Sir G.
CLERK, and Mr. Heeetv.s), they express their opinion
that 2,0001. a year would be sufficient for the solicitor.
This is a cheese-paring economy with a vengeance.
it is well known that the salaries of the judges of the
county courts may be limited to any sum not exceed-1
ing 1,2001., and that the Treasiiry are about to fix the '
amount at 1,000/. only. Here, then, arc members
of the bar, who have attained some position
in Westminster Hall—who have very arduous and
responsible duties to perform, who have to apply on
the instant a large amount of legal knowledge, whose
integrity must be above all suspicion, and whose time,
now that the insolvency cases are added, is fully occu-
pied—declared to be paid sufficiently with two-fifths
of what the Treasury think needed foe the Treasury ea- •
licitor, and with two-thirds of what my lords diem it
proptr to pay to the assireant-solicitor, who is not an
attorney, and never w. s articled in a solicitor's office,
but who is a barrister, like the county court judges,
with the additional good fortune of having married
into the family of one who was once a cabinet minis•
ter. When Lord Noustaxiiv was at the Home-
office he thought it desiraulo that there should
be a general solicitor to the Treasury, and
another to conduct the prosecutions, and
it must be fresh in everybody's recolleetion
that Sir JAMES Gesitam altered that arrangement,
and considering that a clerk with 230/. a year salary
would do the work well enough, dismissed Mr.
VizAttfi with all the more pain because he was a
friend ! Yet, in the time of this same Home Secte-
tary, an assistant-solicitor is appointed with a salary
as high as Mr. Vizatto's ; and Instead of a solicitor of
experience like Mr. VIZARD being selected, a gen:le-
mon from the bar is selected. The whole system of
the solicitor's departments in the public offices should
be revised. Salaries should be paid in all cases, and
threw salaries should be carefully adjusted. it the
office of Toads and Foreots alone arc the solicitors
now paid by fees. This should be discontinued; and
the Customs, the Ordnance, the Stamps, the Treasury,
and indeed every department, ought to be placed on
some better footing, and persons sliould be selected
who have known the duties of a solicitor. As it is,
the situation is often filled by a barrister, who has for
some time to rely upon his first clerk even for his
scanty knowledge of its deities.
The chief defect in the estimates, however, is en the
enormous sums put at the end of each vote without
any power to check or revise ; for instance, in the
office of Solicitor to the Treasury : the salarie- are
8,400!.. but a round sum of 10,0001. more is asked as
the estimated costs of prosecutions, fees to counsel,
be.; in the Mint the salaries are 1,1001., the estimated
costs for prosecutions, &c., are 8,2001. ; in Scotland,
15,475/. are asked for criminal prosecutions teal
salaries, and then 48,000/. is added as probably re-
quired to settle the accounts of the sheriffs and
stewards ; and in Ireland the salaries of crown solicitors,
&c., are 16,930/., and the demand fur prosecutions, wit-
nesses, &c., is 48,000/. ; so that, in every case, the bulk
of the vote is beyond any rflieient control of parliament,
because the details of the expenditure are not known.
The committee had some little insight into the
way this "money goes," and they suggest that
in England, to avoid the number of crown
counsel in petty cases, and wnere the pri-
soner is undefended by counsel or employs only
i one, the crown should a mploy one only ; and the
LORI) LIEUTENANT, in Ireland, has recently made a
similar Bugg, stion. But this is not enough; these
who vote the money ought to be able to see how it Is
lexpendtd, and that it is not wasted by an array of
two or three counsel in every trifling case, or by the
accumulation of unnecessary witnesses. flail there
been any details given there would not have bee it
the anomaly existing in Ireland, by which, when the
crown solicitors were appointed to conduct the prose-
cutions, and the clerks of the crown were, therefore,
relieved from that duty, not only were the emolu-
ments of these clerks of the crown left utaliotinished,
but were actually increased by fees for c"ldies, which
they could not before claim: their work is per-
formed by others, and yet they are paid more than
when they did the work.
Among terse votes there are items which will not
bear the test of examination. In the Exchcqut r, for
instance, we leave to pay some 2,000/. a year ter a
Queen's remembrancer, whose duties could be equally
well performed by one of the masters with the or-
'hoary salary, and we hare 800/. ayear to pay for
four messengers, who have little or nothing to do, but
are appointed by the hereditary usher by patent, and
he is permitted to sell the appointment. In the vote
for Scotland, again, we have 2001. a year as salary to the
solicitor to the crown in matters of tithes; 800/.ayear
for the expenses and disburse/111,0e of the agent be-
fore the Court of Session in at ending to the interest
of the crown in matters of tithes and rights of patron-
age of churches ; and aoot. a year to solicitors in
London for drawing bills, when there is a standing
counsel whose duty itis to draw and revise all bills.
By far the largest item in the law estimates is also
the item which has increased s.ep by seep, and over
which there is absolutely no efficient chi ea on the
part of the public, we mean the expenses of prosecu-
tions, formerly paid out of the county rates. The
first appearance of this item wets in the year 18113,
where for some political reasons, not very strong, the
country at large took upon its• if this relief of the
want), rates. The sum then modestly voted was only I
80,000/.; during the thirteen years which have suc-
ceeded the sum has swelled to the enormous amount
of 348,0001., of which 240,000/. ate to be paid for pro
secutiuns in England and Wales, 18,0101. (in
addition to the 48,000/. in the former vote) for prose-
cutions in Ireland, 10,0001. for the conveyance of
convicts to the hulks, and 80,0001. fur the main:e-
mince of prisoners. These immense sums are
p iid by the Treasury almost as a matter
of course, with very little inquiry in the
case of assize prosecutions (the expense of which
kreatly exceeds the cost of those at sessions),
on the mere allowance of the clerk of assize. Neither
the Treaoury nor hon. members can te=l whether the
allowances are proper, whether the number of counsel
is ueobje et iovable, or the witnesses necessary and pro-
per. The rule seems to be to pay on the mere pro-
duction of the certificate of bn officer not under the
control of arid not amenable to the Treasury. It is
not wondt riel that the item becomes quadrupled in
thirteen years. here again, as on every turn we
make, does the necessity of a public prosecutor be-
come more and more obvious. Contrast the 13,7751.
spent in Scotland with the 400,0001. spent in England,
Wales, and Ireland, and then let our readers say
whether, as a matter of mere economy, it would not
be well to get rid of the loose plan which now exists.
This, at least, is most manifest, that a vast saving
may be made in the estimates for law, whilst much
more efficiency may be at the same time secured.

.

public extretation was accordingly excited to the
highest pitch. Tte tribunes and galleries were
crowded to excess, although on Saturdays they are
usually empty, the business of the assembly being
limited to the reception of petitions. Nearly all the
representatives also were present. Soon after the
commencement of the business the President called
on M. Marie, minister of justice, who, he said,
desired to address the house. The most profound
silence instantly ensued. M. Marie rose from his
seat, but greatly. to the surprise of the assembly,
instead of addressing the house, he walked out of it.
The President proceeded to call the petitions as
usual. This incident, so unexpected, was attributed
to the absence of General Cavaignac, whose presence
M. Marie was supposed to require. Towards the
close of the day, however, it appeared that whatever
resolution had been adopted by the government in
consequence of the meeting of representatives above
mentioned had been abandoned, for the President an-
nounced to the assembly that, notwithstanding the
most urgent measures which had been taken to for-
ward the printing of the evidence, it could not be
completed before Wednesday or Thursday; and that
as M. Caussidiere had demanded that an interval of
three days should be allowed after the distribution
of the evident* he proposed the debate should be
fixed for Monday week. Ile proposed, however,
that to accommodate the parties inculpated the
evidence should be cb livered to them by degrees, as
it should be printed. 'lbis catlid up M. Louis Blanc,
who protested violently, and being supported by M.
Ledru Rollin, the President declared that the entire
evidence should be distributed on Wednesday or Thurs-
day.
The payments of the loan negotiated by M. Good.
chums are taking place with great regularity. Yes-
terday, the treasury received considerable sums. To
judge from the exactitude with which the payments
of the instalments of August 12 are effected, there is
no doubt that this first credit operation of the republic
will be happily proceeded with, and brought to a for-
tunate terninution. Independently of the facilities
which the successive realisation of the loan must give
to the treasury, we hope that the regular accomplish-
mint of the engagements subscribed to the profit of '
the state, will be of a great moral effect, and will
powerfully influence the revival of work.
The committee on labour terminated yesterday the
diseussion on the proposition of M. Woloweki, relative
to the employment of women and children in factor ice.
Children are not to be admitted to work before the
age of 10 years ; up to 13, they are not to work more
than six hours a day, and are to go to school the rest
lof the day. From 13 to 18 years, the period of work
ing is to be twelve hours a day at most, and the same
for women, no matter what their age may be. The
charge of seeing the law carried out is to be confided
to the Inspectors of Mines and of the Poets-et Chaus-
sees. Each year a report is to make known the re-
sults of the working of the law.
'the Meirifeier of to-day contains decrees on the re-
pression of offences of the press and on the caution
money of the journals. The former decree subjects to
a fine of from 300 to 6,001) francs, and to imprison-
ment of from three months to five years, offence
against the rights or authority of the chief of the exe-
cutive, against republican institutions, the constitu-
tion, the principle of the sovereignty of the people
and universal suffrage, and to other comparative
amounts of fine and imprisonmc nt for other offeneert;
and the latter decree imposes caution money of 24,000
francs for a daily journal, and other corresponding
atnounts fur other periodical publications.
The effective force of the French army, which, before
' the revelution of February, was 342,767 men, is now
.522,127.
By the last weekly balance sheet of the Bank of
France up to the lOth instant, which we published on
Saturday, it will be seen that the metallic reserve has
again advanced about 7 millions, of which 6 mil-
' lions are fur the Paris bank and one million for the
country eetablishments. The amount of discount bu-
siness continues to be dimini.hed, the falling off on
the week being about 7 millions, the country banks
showing a decline of 8 millions, whilst that of Paris
gives un increase of about one million. The amount
of bills protested during the week is 20,691,549 fr., or
a million less than we find in the preceding return.
On tr e side of the liabilities the notes in circulation
have declined about 7 millions. The account current
of the treasury is now 18,725,583 fr., or about 3 mil-
lions lees than the week before. The metallic reserve
is now 182 millions to 367 millions of notes in circus

lotion.
In the assembly to-day sevetal amendments
were proposed to the law on the offences of the
press, by members of the extreme left, but they were
fejt c;ed, and the assembly voted the measure. Some
propositions made by M. Caussidie2re, on African
colonisation, were referred to the committee on ge-
neral colonisation; and a vote of a million for the
poor of the rural districts was asked for but adjourned.
Sex osy 11.30 A Mo

Of French news I have but little to add to what I
communicated in my despatch of last evening. At
the dote of the session, yesterday, M. Goudchaux,
Minister of Finance, announced to the assembly that
the loau, wi h the exception of a trilling sum, had
been entirely subscribed for.
One account says that the armistice between Austria
and Italy was effec,ed by the intervention of the
representatives of France and England at Turin ;
another that it was brolight about by an aide-de-
camp of Gen.Oudinot, sent expressly tbr the purpose.

ITALY.
ARMISTICE BETWEEN THE AUSTRIANS
AND PIEDNIONTESE. . .

- -
An armistice for foity-tive dads has been concluded
between the Austrians and the Piedmontese. This
intelligence reached Paris by telegraph on Saturday.
This cessation of hostilities will give time for. the
negotiations which England and France have entered
into for a mediation.
The following is a summary of the Italian news:
On the 4th inst. the advanced guard of the Austrians
arrived within about two le Tuts of Milan, the Pied-
mentos: army having on the same day occupied that
invite'. The Sardinian army attacked it, and gained
an advantage, having taken three or four
pieces of artillery and some hundred prisoners.
The main body of the Austrian., however,
soon coming up, presented numbers so imposing
that it would have been a mere act of desperation to
have attempted resistance. There were three courses
open to Charles Albeit : he might either allow his
army to be shut up in Milan, and await the assault of
the Austrians, which would have been inevitable.
The destruction of the city, the massacre of its inha-
bitants, and the remains of his army buried under its
ruins, are the events that would have probably ensued.
Or, being invested, he might have forced his way
out at the point of the bayont t, the tate of the city
and its inhabitants being st.ll the same. Or, finally,
he might capitulate, obtaining an engagement to re-
spect life and property, and permission tor—his army
to march unmolested to his own frontier. Charles
Albert adopted the last course.
The intelligence which has arrived says, that a
large portion of the inhabitants had resolved to resist
to the death, that they had thrown up barricades,
anal had expressed their determination not to admit
the Austrians until the city became a heap of ruins,
under which they were content themselves to lie. A
committee of public safety, composed, it is said, of the
republican party, had organised these desperate
measures.
When the King's resolution to capitulate became
known in Milan the rage of the republican party
exceeded all bounds. Followed by the populace they
surrounded the Palazzo Greppi, which was occupied
by the Kiog, seized his equipage and broke it
in pieces, and fired a volley of muskets at the win-
dows of the palace. The King presented himself to
them in person, to remonstrate against their con-
duct, and to explain to them the real a'tuation in.
which the capital was placed. They rushed upon
him, attempting to seize his person, and to retain him
as a hostage. Being prevented 'I the Piedmontese
soldiers present, they pelted Charles Albert with mud,
uttered against him the moat gross language, and
finally, threatening his life, fired upon hie guards.
The latter succeeded in extricating the King without
firing on the people.
On the morning of the sth the gates of the town
were opened, and liberty given to all who desired to
leave the capital. Immediately the active body of the
noblesse, the great majority of the bourgeoisie, and an
immense number of persona of all ages, men, women,
and children, left with precipitation, some following
the march of the Piedmontese army towards Novara,
and others taking the road to Italian Switzerland by
Coma

On the morning of the 6th, all the barracks and