The Express.
London, England, 1851-05-24 00:00:00

[PRICE (DOUBLE SHEET) FOURPENCE.

dently possessing great eapabilities, ie ',cry usr NI and in-
teresting. The S,yssel Aspholte Company exhibit their
flooring, rooting, ere., and at the east entrance a large space
is covered with the former. The Royal Dublin Society has
4rot excellent specimens of the carboniferous deposits ot Ire-
land. Mr. Kennard exhibits a very remarkably bitumiuotts
mil from the neighbaurhood of Edinburgh. 'flier., is also
a case of the coals so extensively used in the steam navy of
different countries, the produce of Ireland, and which
were recommende l by the Commi ',nen of the Lord:
of the Admiralt• The exhibition da it generally

exmo.. of coals is rally
speaking very complete, and has received that :mount of at-
tention which, as one of our must importent mineral prodne-
tims, it caned fur ; there are several exhibiors, and the speci-
mens are arranged so us to illustrate their geological position.
Two immense obelisks of coal, from Aberearn—one being a
navy coal—are exhibited by the Aberearn and wythen C. 1-
lierte6 Company. Caunel coal, and the applications of it, arc
well shown. Among the numerous carvings front it is &model
of an edifice which was raised to the memory of the Earl of
Durham. Models of col! mines, showiog the methods of
working and ventilating, arc contributed by C. L. Wool,
lletton Colliery, Durham. A working model of a :few-
matte coal-pit by J. Wales, of the same company, with sec.-
eel other models and diagrams, make rtitogether a scrim
which for extent and felicity of illuetrati sn has certainly
nevi r yet been broneht together, and cannot f til to be a source
of great gratification to those who either ;.ref ,sionally or as
am..teurs take any interest in the study of one natural
resources; they will recognise in the black and smutty piles
of blocks one of the mainsprings of that ener4etic industry
which, exerting itself upon every specie, of natural produc-
tion, has raised our manufactures to the high position they
hold. tearing the coal department, we next come to the
space set apart for the different metallic ores; those of iron
occupy a prominent position; one large table is Careered
with specimens of the various ores, labelled with the names
of the localities frost which they are obtained, &c. The
I'entwyn Iron Compauy scud specimens of different kinds
of iron; the Ebbw `-ale Company models of their smelting
work. and of their estate+, showing the vological position
of the iron ores, &c. Mr. Beceroft, of Leeds, exhibits
railway iron in different states. From the Wingeworth mines
and works in Derbyshire there is au extended senes of
specimens of all kinds, from the ores to every description
of manufactured articles ; near this is a very interesting and
instructive case of steel preduets from the redhiematite ore
of Low Furnese, Laneashire, showing the differences of tex-
ture. &c., exhibited by Messrs. Schneider. A mutates of
specimens of iron ores have been sent from Dealt finest.
apparently sere rich. From the Crecv,ll mines, county
Li itrim, Rev. ). Page has sent specimens of the ors. Mr.
Stirling's patent iron and alloys arc well worthy of notice.
Mr. Blackwell contributes a huge collection of iron errs.
illustrating the extent of the national ironmaking resources.
This important branch of industry ha, grown up very
rapidly ounce the practical application, in 17.10, of land
Dudley's process, of smelting with pit coal instead of timber.
In 1750, only 30,000 tons of iron were nude in Great Britain.
in 1825 the quantity hail reached 000,4100 bets, and since
the removal of the duty on foreign iron in the following
year, it still went on inereasing, and at the present timo
amounts to 2,2141.04 e) tons. South Wales, Stalforashire,
and Scotland, are the chief state of our iron workings, and
the whole history of the manufacture will be found
admirably told bv the speeimens contained in this divi.ien.
.51orewood and Itogers xhibit their gals aniscil and lead, ,I
metals, and theVieille Montague Company theit application,
of zinc to various purposes. Mr. Berger, of the 'fro. Mines,
Copper mines, Cornwall, exhibits three t nortnous slabs of
native copper, She largest ever found in England, contain-
ing 96 per cent. of metal. Hulett* and Sons, of Penzance.
have sent au admirable model of tin works and specimens
of all the preduets of the smelting. Opposite this
is a stand of product. obtained by the heroics
of Mr. lane:maid, for extracting metals front their ores.
by which* great Paving is etileted, and what would other-
woe be considered a. refuse is made available. '11,.'
mineral productions of cornann cehibised by the local
committee occupy considerable space. Mr. Lowe 's process
fir smelting copper, us entetiwd at Penelawald. 0: or
Swansea, is shown here. N ivian and Son exhibit a series
of copper ores, and specimens descriptive of the smelting
process carried on at Swansea, where the copper OM not
only of Gnat Britaitt, bit of almost all parts of the world,
are brought for the purpose of extracting the metal. in
conacqueuce of its advantageous situation in the neigh-
bourhood of coal and other deposits necessary fur tin,
process.
The great mineral wealth of Cornwall and Devon is
well shown. The valuable tin, copper, lead, and Min-
gauce.e mines, is the working of wltielt such a vat,
amount of capital is invested, and nearly one bun
dud thousand perseus employed in smite way, the
beautiful granites, serpentine, the data •, china clay.
&e., which are met with in this district, utak,• it
p.ctiliarly interesting. M-. Garland and Mr. Jenkins
exhibit spec' •n* of the Contiah mundies 311.1 the prepa-
rations of arsenic, which are interesting, f. ..s the fact °rite
being a comparatieely recently-developed branch of our
industry. Mr. Jordan, of Manchester, a tidbits a can of
metals and alloys. Mr. Oxland, of l'lyinouth, samples at'
tin ores, and illustrations of his process of smelting. by
which the tin is obtained free from iron, whi, i. injures
its quality. The table is this division is devoted
to the ores of lead, of which there is a very
good collection from all parts of the county.
The principal exhibitors are Mr. I'attinton, of Neweahtte-
npon-Tyne, and the Duke of Buceleuch ; the former, of his
process for separating silver from lead ores, a great number
of specimens; two 'urge s of silver, one weighing
12,14;2 lbs., value 3,!:14/. The latter exhibit* models of his
lead work, at Wanlocashead, Dumfricsaltire, showing the
whole of the apparatus used in the condensation of the
fumes which arc evolved Ilgring the smelting of lead ion's,
they arc extremely poisonous, destroying the vegetation fur
miles round the works, and are very detrimental to anima!
life. By this ..ry ini. Maus process of 'el:Wens:l6mi they
are made prufitnble, and the country round the woi les,
which had formerly the appearance of a wilderness, has
again resumed its natural aspect. Mr. Pattinson's
process is a very s:rikiue illustration of the unplication
of abstract science t,i practical purposes. It is based upon the
fact that when a mixture of had and sneer are melted, and
then allowed to cool, the lead crystallises before the silver Ilia
which may be separated by allowing it to drain out; this is
efiirted by menus of Large perforated hail!, or eulleuders
the operation is repeated several times, until at last the lead
has been so far separated us to leave the silver in the pi as
portion of 300 or 400 ounces to the ton ; it is then entirely
separated afterwards by cupellation. All the silver found
in England occurs only in combination with the lead ores
in very small promation. The foriner method of retreat:en
was costly, and uuprotitable when the ores contained less
than 20 unities of silver to the ton. Mr. vatinsou is en-
abled to extract the silver with advantage from ores a hid,
do not contain more than 3 ounce ato the ton. The impor-
tance of this application is self evident.
On the same table is a very line crystal° of sulphate of
barytes, some excedMaly tin:specimen% of galena, the eolath
11 urea of Cornwall and Cuathertatiel. Mr. Johnson has here a
case of platinum, ores, and vessels made of the metal. On
I the outside of the building are sonte of the mono bulky spe-
cimens of marble., flaarne. granite, &e. Mr. Pnutklin es-
hiLits a new kind of ft ,g from the county Clare, which is coin.
ing much into use, ail a very beautiful block of C mars
m ,rble. The whale of this a coon Is a proof that the
exhibitors have been :waled in their endeavours to place
before the world a suitable repreacntation Of mineral
riches and the way in which the different contributions
have been pare,; si.ow that neither Money, trioxide, nor
tine have been spa: +i. It has no rival in the Eshibition,
fur, though the tunic:ails of foreign countries have not yet
been sufficiently arranred to allow of descripti nn, they do
not, as far as it is pllsilile now to judge, appear to lie ot'
arrest practical value, although containing many beautiful
specimens.