The Express.
London, England, 1849-05-07 00:00:00

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Austria fait. A great empire, linable to defend its
very capital against the in force of one of its
provinces, and which for protection and life is obliged
to call in, not a mere auxiliary corps, but an immense
army of 150,000 men, belonging to a neighbouring, a
rival, and a rapacious despot,—such an empire may
be considered to have forfeited at onoe all claim to re-
spect, end all future possibilities of existence. And yet
this fact, that Austria merely lives by the
breath that Russia blows into its nostrils, is in truth
lathing new and nothing changed. It is but the
(pen and dis' graceful maaifestation of a state of
th•ngs, which has long existed, and by which Austria
has been long the vanguard, and Ps emperor but the
prefect, of Russian influence and despotism. It was
through Austria that Russia and its principles weighed
upon Germany, hung upon Italy, and laboured to
keep the southern Solavonians for the same fate,
which those northern Sclavoniars, the Poles, bad

already tmdergene.
One course of things and of policy. alone held forth
the prospect of withdrawing Austria from being ab-
sorbed in Ruasia, and of renderir.g it an independent
state. 'fps was the great revolution of 1848, in which
the German element predominated, and in which,
by respecting and developing the different nationaliti<s
which compose the empire, a new and federal sate
might have sprang up, linked with Germany, with
southern and with western Europe, in the common
bond of freedom. The folly of the Austrian cabinet,
and its resolve to treat exclusively to military force,
destroyed all there chancey, all these hopes, and, as
we see, have reduced Austria to be the outcast of
Germany, sad the serf of Rossi*.
Every one acquainted with the events cf 1848
must know how easily prevented might have been
the last insurrection of Vienna, with what facility
it might have been quelled, and how the Hungarians,
instead of being the foes, might have been made the
most enthusiastic friends and supporters of the
dynasty and the empire. But the Emperor's court
preferred confiding in the purely military party and
in the attempt to achieve by force of urns was; it
is now evident the Austrian court and army were not
able to carry through. Hungary is a nation far more
puissant than Austria. That is a fact, which
events have proved, and the proof and consciousness
of which a Russian army, however victorious, can
but =reliant., not refute.
Austria might have been saved not only at the
period of the Vienna revolution ; but a few weeks
since it was in Count STADION'S power to have
granted such terms as would have contented the Hun-
garians and maintained the peace of Italy. And,
indeed, Lad none but Austrian councils and interests
prevailed at °haute, this forbearance would have
been shown. But Remittal dictates prevailed; and
whilst no attempt was made to stop the Hungarian,
despatches were sent to Italy refusing to sanction the
urns that RADETSKI himself was willing to ggrraanat to
Piedmont, and insisting on the occupation of
AlesMn-
dria, and other conditions utterly hostile to any
vestige of Italian freedom, and at the same time often-
sive and provocative to the French. The instant
results have been the French expedition to Rome, and
the impossiblity in which RADETSKI has found himself
to despatch a single regiment to the defence of Vienna.
It has thus been the recent, the wilful acts of the
Austrian minister, acts evidently dictated by Russia,
which have brought the empire into its
.present state
of humiliation, and at the same time seriously aggra-
vated the antagonism existing between eastern and
western Europe.
Tare Times of Thursday last, in its quality of organ
of Austrian diplomacy, addressed a sort of from wolf
to lamb objurgation to Sardinia, accusing the King of
that country of provoking Austria and RADETSKI.
Poor Sardinia! it objects, indeed, to paying seven or
eight millions sterling; and France objects to having
Aleessndria, the fortress of NAPOLEON, permanently
occupied by Austria. Piedmont is still a consti-
tutional country. Its ministers are somewhatrespon-
sible to public opinion, and cannot chime in with
Austrian demands as servilely as Count STADION
with Russian. The Sardinians, however, wen
well satisfied with their first treatment by RADETSKI,
and it is only the severity of the orders coming from
amutz, a severity evidently dictated by Russia,
that has again raised a spirt of disquietude and
antagonism in Italy.
The conduct of Count STADION to the Hungarian'
has been equally suicidal to Austria. Instead of offer-
ing those terms that the limes recommended last week,
he has, contrary to the advice of WINDISCHORATZ
and the Austrian generals, called in Russian aid. In
doing this, the court and cabinet of Olmutz has pat
itself in opposition not only to the civil, but even to
the military party in Austria. Olmutz is, in fact, a
Russian court now, and no longer either a German or
an Austrian one. The Times, however, remains still
its organ, and it pleads, like another St. Petersburg
Gazette, for the right of Russia to occupy the whole
Austrian empire, and to crush Hungary, first on the
ground that the Magyars are revolutionary, next on
the plea that the Hungarians have enlisted Poles in
their armies.
With respect to the latter accusation, it is both un-
just and untrue. If the Austrian government so mi-
lady depressed the Hungarians that no general officer
of note was of their nation, why are they to be pre-
cluded from adopting military talent where they can
find it ? Bat the truth is, that out of the 150,000 men
that the Hungarians have under arms, not more than
10,000 are of the Polish race, and these are Galician,
not subjects of the Emperor of RUSSIA. DEMBINSKI,
a Pole, is certainly chief of the Hungarian staff; and
BEY commands, as we see, by his letter published
on Saturday, in Transylvania. But GEORGET, BA•
TRTANY, RISS, MEZZAROS, PERCZEL, AULICH,
iLAPRA, REPAYPT, TANNER, GASPAR, DANUANICI,
are all Hungarians: The limes might ;rsay
that we were implicated, because GUYON,
who has a command in the Hungarian army, hap-
pens to be an Englishman. As to the other Polish
generals enumerated by the Times and Cologne
Omens as serving in Hungary, there is no truth in
the list. The pleas, therefore, for the Russian in-
teeventtoo, furnished by Austrian diplomacy to the
Moss, are merely the falsehoods by which pusillani-
mity covers meanness.
The other convinciagreason why the Ruttier s should
be called in to curb the Hungarians is, that the latter
have allied with the wildest political sects in Europe.
The truth is, that the Hungarians like the Sicilians,
condemned by the Times, stood out for their old
hereditary peerage,
. and a certain portion of their old
aristocratic organization. The levellers and demo-
crats in these cases were Count STADION and the King
of NAPLES.
The Hungarians are accused of overturning the
barriers of law and property. If law and property
mean serfdom and compulsory labour, the Hungarian
Diet did abrogate them. But it indemnified the
landed proprietor for his lam The Hungarians
merely sought the maintenance of their own old
oonstitntion, modified to suit the present age,
with the"sanction of the Palatine and of the Emperor.
The limes accuses the'Hungsrians of allying with
the Viennese. But when that unfortunate but most
mendacious General Lamm was welcoming the
Hungarians with one hand and inciting the Croats to
attack theta with the other, the discovery of his
treason of course drove the Hungarians to trust the
Viennese Diet and people. Bet this was not till after
they had been palpably betrayed by the Austrian
mi-
n
The Hun • cause is accused of being the same
as that, • at Frankfort and Rome struggled to de-
stroy existing laws. his impossible to find two atom
or twenties more different. The Romans have strug-
gled, not to destroy law, for no law existed for them,
save the arbitrary one of monks, cardinals, and Pope.
The Frankfort Diet has struggled to restore that
German unity and empire, broken up now for centuries,
and in the place of which there existed kind of