The Express.
London, England, 1865-03-18 00:00:00

-~ ~J~ . .

Englishmen will aid their breth „Mating in- .
justice. It is not to be wondered at the mintage
rE;
should feel irritated at being get UAW wfth
their associated men on a new footing ; bit they
would do well to look at the facts. Circumstances in-
vite the man to set a higher value upon themselves
than they have hitherto done. While scarcely any
improvement has taken place in their lot at home,
they are being sought out by communities who
regard them as sources of wealth. There are at
this moment in England agents with unlimited
funds, duly accredited as representatives of per-
sons of responsibility, ready to take them in any
numbers to the United States free of cost, and
guaranteeing them alike against bounty brokers and
the draft. And we know that our own colonies are
making great exertions to induce them to go
thither. An opinion is spreading among the men,
created in great part by injudicious speeches in
Parliament and elsewhere, that this is not a
country for the working men, and they are accord-
ingly thinking of other communities where, as they
say, they are " more thought of " than here. We
1 must expect to lose an increasing number of this
portion of the population. Still we should like to
see a better feeling prevailing between those who
remain and the employing classes. The men, how-
ever, should be well advised, It is not wise to
leave home and country from mere pique, and if
any have settled intentions of emigrating, a strike
is not necessary for that purpose. Moreover, only
a small proportion of the men can emigrate,
and the effect on the wages of those who remain
behind will be checked by the increased use of
machinery. Above all, no scarcity of ironworkers
could make it worth the while of the masters to pay
wages which would leave them lees than the ordi-
nary profits of trade. A notion is extensively
prevalent that England is in some way the natural
and necessary home of the iron trade. Bat this
is not absolutely true. With coal and iron-
stone, and capital and labour harmoniously com-
bined to work them, we can no doubt keep the
lead we have acquired. But, as our scientific
contemporary the Engineer observes, "English
" iron owes nothing of its almost universal em-
" ployment to paramount excellence of quality.
" The ores of Belgium, France, Sweden, and
" America ars, as a rale, better than ours—richer
" in metal, not unfrequently more easily worked,
" and giving a finished product at least equal, and
" in many cases superior, to anything our fur-
" naces and mills can turn out. For years
" we, nevertheless, supplied the world with
" iron—thanks to an abundance of coal,
" and to foreign wars which interfered
" with the progress of the industrial arts
" abroad. Of late, however, this very desirable
" state of affairs has been undergoing a change,
" and continental masters find that they can
" supply continental markets at a price which,
" although fairly remunerative, tells fearfully on
" our foreign trade. Iron has, therefore, fallen
"in price." Workmen who want to work steadily
on in the old country should think of these things
before they combine to strike. The difficulty which
preens just now is caused by the act of the
meters ; but the men should remember that
they began the strife. We regret that the opportu-
nity offered by the meeting held at York yesterday
was allowed to pass away without any effort on
the part of the workmen to come to terms with the
employers. We would hope that the door is yet
open for reconciliation, and that something may
speedily be done to cheek the extensive mischief
with which we are all threatened.

INVELLLGENCE.
MAIL

":4 - Ina AMMICAN

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ignftEsql FROM F.
amwm OWN COIIIIPNIDI

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PARIS. FIUDAT EVINIIO.

The New nrk Herald of March 7, commenting
upon the " situation says :

General Sherkimes movement ep the Shammies& Valley,
in co-operatics with the armies of Sherman and Schofield i•
the Carolinas. and Sc. arfailla immediately under the eye of
General Grant, meet very soon biting about the evacuation of
Richmond or the oomph** isolation of General Lee from
his last remaining some= of subsistence. The capture of
the MAW reenneet of the rebel column under Early, with
" that bed old man " himself, is an important achievement.
Sheridan's occupation of the railway junction and rebel
commierary depot as Charlottesville lea still more import-
ant sumer ; bat the edva•tsges he has thus sesured for •

an those

&wine raid nos Lee's vital
which determine the fan of a belimignered army.
Sheridan, at Charlottesville, hold. on of Lee's vital lines
of ocaamnsicatios with Lynchburg. It is not neamary to
storm or lay siege to the fortification of that city in order
to gain the other line. It may be tapped and broken up
between Lynchburg and the Berkville junction of the Dan-
ville road, and at that junction, or below it, the Danville
road itself may be out off. The ion of those roads to Leo
will moos compel him to leave Richmond in sawn of food
for his soldiers ; but how ahe to drive back Sheridan He
can do it only by a superior tons of cavalry ; but Lee
la deficient in horns, and hie beet cavalry leader,
Cannel Wade Hampton, with his best troops of
that ern; is off somewhere in South or North Carolina
Weed, from all moan* including A. P. Hill's satin
corps, Lee has despatched to Joe Johnston, in North
Carolina, all the troops, infantry &ad cavalry, that can
safely be spared from the del GOON of Richmond, is order
to prevent, if possible, • junction of Sherman with Saba
told.

How, then, Lee is to maintain his lines of supply
with Lynchburg and Danville, without abandonieg or
losing Riohomed, it is difficult to conjecture. His °wadi-
fiat in any wrest is beyond remedy. Embraced now is as
*mental to the mainteosnos of his army as his army is to
the maiatesaace of Richmond. If he cannot an his way
without giving tip the city, in giving up the city he will
have so further nee for his army, for his Southern Cools-
deraoy will Instantly fall to pieces. &chewed is the
last prop which holds it together, and Lee Itimeelf is evi-
dently prepared to ride the (animas of Davis and Souther'
indepoedesos lea anal struggle for Richmond, desperate as
the chasm may be against the enveloping combinations of
General Grant.

There is now, in fa* smother alternative for Lie. Toe
Richmond joarnals truly say that io his present situation
the lass of Richmond is the end of their stroule. Bat
while Lee is weakening his army, right and left, to main.
tale his lines of supply, Grant, right and left, is closing
around him, and watching for biz opportunity. A few
more days of these northwesterly winds of Much will be
very apt to being us the tidings of the fall of Richmond, the
flight of Jeff. Davis, and the collapse of kis oonfedetsey.

The following are the official deapatchea relative
to the defeat of Early :

City Point, Va., March 5, 11 a.m.

ROL Ifotwio M. fit;atom, r 7 of War.

Deader. to this morning report that Sheridan had routed
Early and captured Charlottesville. They report four mai-
meats having goes from here (Richmond) to reinforos
Early. (Sipped) U. S. GRANT, Lieut.-General.
City Point, Va., Sunday, March 5, 2 p.m.

Hoo. E. Y. Stanton, Secretary of War.

Deserters from every point of the enemy's line confirm
the capture of Charlotteeville by Gem Sheridan. They say
be captured Gen. Early and his astir* force, consisting of
1,800 men. Four brigades were reported as being sent to
Lynchburgh, to get then before Gen. Sheridan, if possible.
(Signed) U. S. Cruet, Liwat,Geo. _
City Point, Virginia, March 5, 4 p.m.

TUE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVEIING MAROR 18, 1885.

You will probably have observed that the Con-
stitetioneel denies the whole story given—with
some variations—by the Times and Pattie, that M.
de Bartiges had intimated to the Pope the positive
intention of the Emperor to withdraw from Rome,
and that his Holiness would do well to provide him-
self with an army of his own.
The new journal, L'Epoque, contains some very
apropos reflections upon the present conflict be-
tween church and state in France, which it con-
siders as "not the least curious feature of our curi-
ous epoch," more especially when we remember
what a widely different state of things existed in
the early years of Napoleon M.'s reign. Between
1852 and 1859 the French government was on more
than intimate and friendly terms with the
church, for it enoouraged its encroachments
and actually lent the support of the civil power to
many of those pretensions which it now turns
round and condemns. This is a very true remark,
and that it should be made by a Paris newspaper
only just founded is a sign of the times. The
Epoque goes on to observe that in raters for the
Emperor's patronage the clergy (with a few honour-
able exceptions) looked with a benignant eye upon
all the excesses of authority in every department
of the State. The belligerents of to-day are, there-
fore, old allies, who have recently quarrelled, and
this consideration should have made the liberal
party cautious about taking part in the strife. At
any rate the liberals, if they would have profited
by the split between church and state, ought to
have taken good care not to be divided among
themselves. But they, unfortunately, have acted
otherwise. Instead of patiently watching for an
opportunity to make a common effort they have
plunged precipitately into the fray, and taken dif-
ferent sides. Some bold with Oiessr, some with Peter ;
and probably they will get small thanks from either
Peter or Ceessr, because not only does their divi-
sion render them too weak to arbitrate between the
contending parties, but it prevents them from ren-
dering any such sufficient parries to either as to
found a title to gratitude. Their mistake is the
more to be regretted, because neither party being
quite in the right a neutral attitude would hay.
been so easily justified. In the debate in the
Senate neither the defenders (official and officious)
of the church on the one hand, nor the government
speakers on the other, tell the whole truth. The
clerical advocates make a great parade of liberty as
the only thing they claim for the catholic church ;
but when they come to be pressed a little it is easy
to see that what they really regret is not liberty but
power. The clergy did enjoy complete, absolute liberty
under the Republic of 1848, and everyone knows
how materially it contributed to the overthrow of
that government. But during the early years of
the Second Empire, those good times now so deeply
regretted, the church in France was powerful ; it
was not free. It will not do to say that these are
convertible terms. The Prime Minister of an
Oriental Sovereign is powerful,not free ; the pioneer
on the banks of the Ohio enjoys perfect freedom, but
has no power. The catholic church was powerful
in France when it could exclude from the schools
professors whom it disliked ; but it was not free
when the eloquent Father Lacordaire was forced to
retire to the provinces in obedience to the frowns of
power, or when the three leaders of the religions
liberals, the Bishop of Orleans, M. de Fal-

lolls, and M. de Montalembert were either
in retirement or in opposition. But if the religious
orators in the Senate (leaving Ride the Archbishop
of Paris, whose position is a peculiar one) deceive
either themselves or their bearers when they ask
for liberty, whereas what they really want is a
good share of power, it scarcely lies in the mouth
of the present government to use the arguments
which its official and officious advocates do against
them. It was not the church that broke the
alliance which so harmoniously subsisted till 1859.
That alliance was broken by the government on
' the day when it embarked in the Italian war. The
clergy foresaw at once that the upshot of that war
would be to shake the temporal power, and
those who had theretofore more closely ad-
hered to the imperial government thenceforward
began to fall away from it. This is what nobody
will s►y in the Senate ; but it in reality underlies
the whole debate. The Galilean traditions now so
affectionately spoken of were never so badly treated
and ignored as during that alliance between church
and state which existed unbroken up to the date of
the Italian war. There is nothing, therefore, in-
consistent in the conduct of the church, or at least
of that part of it which for so many years acted
in unison with the government. There is nothing
seditious in the governmental church—quite the
contrary. And in spite of the heavy blows it
has received of late, it is quite evident from
the tone of the cardinals in the Senate, that
even now it would be very glad to make
peace. The Archbishop of Paris would accept very
moderate conditions ; the other prelates would be
harder to deal with, but even their terms would
contain nothing very shocking to the power which
directed the destinies of France from 1852 to
1859.

The Bourse, after an undecided opening, became
a good deal better for the close. Rents rose 20e.
for cash and 10c. for account, leaving off at 67fr.
20c., and 67fr. 15c. Mobilier rose 12fr. Rail-
ways were I.fr. or 2fr. higher.

The Spectator says :—" Mr. G. W. Hastings, the
emmtery of the Social Seisms Amosistioe, of which Lord
Brougham is president, ham samouneed that a interring
denial of the charge Would spinet the latter in relation
to the Patent-aloe modal will immediately be hid
before the oommittee, sad that the whole meneation will be
completely refuted. Mr. Hastings has, we believe, been in
permed communication with Mr. William Brougham. sod
by telegraph with Lord Brougham. If this be so it will
only taro cut as we bad anticipated. Lord Brougham is nob
a great man, but be is not the kind of man to engage in a
iob of this sort. His temptations have never lain in th►t
dins:dies, nor would it in this ease, even in the lowest pos-
sible sines, have been worth hie while."
_ _

_
" Argus" of the Post says :—" Mr. Conolly, the
attentive owner of Ssechsrometer sod other bonne—who.,

departure after Shrewsbury for the Cosfedeeste States I
announced to your readem—l am sorry to say has sot been
ambled to prosecute hie trading vesture, as, by authentic
appoints, he was captured immediately on his arrival on the
rout, the port of the harbour in which his vessel anchored
is the night having, unknowe to the aegis* lees captured
a few days before by the Fedoras. The absence, therefore,
of the bon. member from the house, as well sa from the
Spring Meetings, may be excused."
Seventeen states in America have already ratified
the ooestitutional amendment to abolish sod prohibit
' slavery in the United States.
Tics LATE Doss OF WKLLIZOTON'S LETTER&
It is said that Sir Roderick Murehisoe, on behalf of the
trustees of the British If ammo, was the drat to asquelot
the Duke of Wellington with Lord Robert Idoettign's in-
Motion of dispceiag of the Sparrow Oarrespeedeses. The
British Mem= authorities suddenly thought that the fact
perebasiag was equivalent to a publicaties, which they
knew the sat or Unseat does sot allow, oasis with the
eneweit of the ,or lie heirs. As will be seen, how-
ever, letters of the late Duke of Wellies's's were sold
is the Cattle Library, sad we apprehend that the right to
mil was set stipulated for in lega farm by All writer. In
whatever the ad el publication may eerelst, its perforation
serkialy aware be eonaidered as effected by • simple die-
! pmal.—Lasiar

OWARLESTON rnwita ITS NSW RULERS.
The New Tbek Traosme of the 2nd contains a
p,leeg letter from a special correspondent at Charleston de-
`esdhing the city under he new rule. In the course of his
letter he ssys
"The first national soldiers that landed in Charleston
the capacity of masters of the rebel city, were the South
Carolina ingress (thank God) of the Twenty-first
United States Coloured Troops. There wu elm a
detachment of the pliant itsmachuselts Fifty.fourilt,
who were the first negro troops to demonstrate on
Southern soil the splendid fighting qualities of the ooloured
race. They were the heroes of Fort Wagner, where
Sbaw lies buried 'under his Diggers,' ea the brutal ruffians
reported. The Pennsylvania 52nd formed the rest of the
locoed of occupation. On Tuesday evening, about 7
o'clock, we hood prolonged and hearty cheering is a
neighbouring street. I ran in the direction indicated by
the sheuts, and found that the Itamachasetts 55th (coloured)
Regiment had just landed the city.
John Brown's body Iles • moldering In the grave,
John Brown's body lice a ?soldering In the grave,
John Brown's body Ike a moldering In the grave,
His soul is marching on I
Glory I Glory I Hallelujah !
Glory ! Glory I Hallelujah
Glory I Glory I Hallelujah !
We go marching on I
Well hang Jeff Davis on a crab apple-tree,
We'll hang Jeff Davis en • erab -
We'll hang Jeff Davis on a crab apple-tree,
e-re,
tree,
e,
As we go marching on I
Imagine, if you as., this song cheated with the most rap-
turous, most exultant emphatis, by a regiment of aegro
troops, who had been lying In sight of Charleston for two
years—as they trod with tumultuous delight along the
street. et this pro-slavery city, whose soil they had just
touched for the first time—imagine them in the dim light of
the evening, eating es every side groups of their own ram—
men, women, maidens, and little children, who greeted
them with a joy that knew no bawds save that of physked
ability to empties itself flay—imagine them, as they
&biased their song of triumph, unite with equal seitacy in
joining is that other thrilling melody :

Down Iwith the traitor.

11Pe7i th
Imagine them cheer, am only triumphant troops can cheer,
in honour of the 'stare and stripes,' mid Massaohalette.'
and Governor Andrew,' sod you may omeoeivs (albeit very
faintly) the sublime and unequalled comae that I had the
privilege of witnessing on Tuesday might in Charleston. I
heard a lieutenant of the 55111, in command of the
Company I, give the ceder—'Shoulder arms,' and
in • minute afterward' shook heads with him, for
he was an old acquaintance. Who do you think
he war? The sea of William Lloyd Gamiest !
At every public building the tidy negro sentinels can be
seen, halting citizens, ordering theca back, or ezaminisg
their panes. They ere well behaved gentlemen, and con-
treat very favourably with some of the rebel citizens. The
negro population, hers as everywhere, are eager to be
taught. Hitherto the barbarous laws of Mile heathen
state have forbidden anyone to teach the loyal popula-
tion—that char', at least, who are loyal without ifs or
buts, many other form or style of qualifkatiou :the ooloured
people. Send along the teachers, Maseschusette and New
York, without an hour's delay. Preparations will be made
at once to receive them, end to met them to work as loon as
they arrive. General Webster appreciates the importance
of this movement, and will give it every aid in his power.
We visited all the slave pens and broke them apse.
What a tale of wickedness these letter books do tell!
We carried off, among us ell, the entire correspondence of
these establishments, the bell, the auctioneer's block, the
locks, and one sign. Over one slave-trader's desk are now
inscribed these :

" ' TEXTS FOR THE DAT :

" ' I am an Abolitionist; I glary in the mime'—Wm.
Lloyd Garrison.
"'Proclaim liberty thronhout ell the land, mato all
the inhabitants thereof.'—liniah.

" ' Pat a pike in the hands of a slave and you make a
man of him.'—John Brown.
" ` Feb. Z.T., 1865.'
" I write thin last paragraph in the editorial rooms, down
town, of the Charleston Mercury. The window glees and
sub.. are shattered by shot. Over the mantlisideess, is
pencil-Bank; are written these lines, which show that the
irrepressible spirit of radicalism (but on the tight side sew)
mews to iahabit the office still :—' For President I. 1868,
Wendell Phillips, of lifisseachumats ; for Vice-President,
Frederick Douglas, of New York.' Shades of Calhoun—
how are the mighty fallen ! sorely, the peat nullifiers
bones must rattle in impotent rage at the overthrow of his
heathen philosophy."'