The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-04 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 4, 1847.

AGRICULTURAL

AT DRAYTON

MANOR.
A notice of this meeting and of the company
assembled has appeared in this and other papers; but we are
indebted to the Agricultural Gazette for the following par-
ticulars of what took place on the occasion.
The objects, interest, and beneficial consequences of such
meetings, are obvious enough. Sic R. Peel invited a party
of noblemen and gentlemen, large landed proprietors, dis-
tinguished for their seal in the cause of agricultural improve-
ment, together with some M or sixty tenant-farmers, to
meet the most distinguished of our practical and scientific
men—" men," as he observed, " who had acquired their
patent of nobility by the devotion of their lives to science,
and by making their talents and acquirements conducive to
the Feat end of diffusing knowledge, and of practically im-
proving the condition of their fellow.ereatures "—that all
might communicate whatever they thought likely to be
useful or interesting with reference to improved cultivation
As the purely scientific men have other opportunities of
bringing their several experiences before the public we shall
confine ourselves to the reports of the practical men ; and
when such men talk, not of what may be, but of what has
been, done—of inereaaisg produce from ten to fifty bushels
the acre—the greater public whom we address may be as
willing and attentive listeners as the farmers assembled at
Drayton Manor
.—• • •

Lord TALBOT observed that although a farmer all his
life, he was obliged to admit that he did not know how to
grow crops till he this year went into Worcestershire, to
visit his friend Mr. F. Woodward ; and as that gentleman
was present he hoped that he would explain for the informa-
tion of the meeting, the principles on which he so conducted
his farm as to be able to grow the splendid crops he had
witnessed, for he thought that his wheat would this year
average .50 bushels per sere.
Mr. WOODWARD said that in his opittion thorough drain-
ing was the foundation of all good htubandry, without
which manures and skill are thrown away. Some undrained
lead had come into his occupation, heavy land, which only
produced 101 bushels of wheat per acre; he immediately
dmined it 3 feet deep, subsoiled it, dressed it with burnt
clay, and the first year obtained from it 51 bushels. lie re-
garded the extensive burning of clay land as a most im-
portant prestige. It rendered the mil so much more friable
sod senetieffible, and enabled the farmer to work it with
amok lime bores labour. The effects of burnt clay
upon all green crops was wonderful, a most important fact
which could not be too strongly impressed upon the mind, as
being very essential to the growth of corn, especially when
consumed upon the land by sheep, eating at the same time a
little oil-cake or refuse corn. He had not, however, found
advantage in the use of Italian rye-grass, which he thought
undeserving the praise it had received. The treading of
sheep was highly advantageous to the wheat crop, provided
the land was thoroughly drained and subaoiled. Its order to
secure the requisite amount of pressure, he had not only
employed sheep, but hones, or even men, who he found could
tread down land for Is. 6d. an acre. He had also found advan-
tage under some circumstances in the use of an instrument
which he called a peg roller. This was formed of an elm-wood
cylinder, studded with oak pegs about four inches apart ; it
proved to be a most effectual implement when drawn over
the land, imitating as it did the consolidating power exer-
cised by the feet of a flock of sheep. He regarded pry/ling
down the land as opposing an invincible obstacle to the ope-
rations of grubs and wireworms. As to dead follows, he
entirely objected to them as wasteful and useless. On his clay
land, when in turn for fallow, he planted vetches, and on his
gravel, rye, and rye and vetches. For cleaning his stubble.
after harvest he employed the implement called a two-
edged " skim," which be strongly recommended as a cheap
and most valuable modern invention. Mr. Woodward
then pointed out what he regarded as the best manner
of breaking up inferior pastures arid converting them
into arable ; and concluded a very instructive speech
by forcibly pointing out the absolute necessity of sending
back to the land whatever is removed by a crop, and by ex-
pressing his entire agreement in opinion with Mr. Woolryche
Whitmore, Mr. Huttable' and others, that farming, properly
and efficiently carried out, with capital and skill, may be
made as profitable an investment as railways or other
branches of commerce. Being asked whether he held his
land on lease, Mr. Woodward replied that he did. But even
if he bad not, he, nevertheless, was of opinion that the ex-
penses he incurred in the improvement of his land would
have answered hie purpose, for his improved wheat crop re-
paid those expenses immediately. Al to leases, he attached
little importance to them, provided there existed something
like tenant-sight, which would bylaw ensure to the outgoing
tenant the whole unexhausted value of the improvements he
had made; whether this was to be paid by landlord or in-
coming tenant was, he thought, of no importance. He
trusted that the legislature would see the necessity of passing
some enactment that would secure this right; otherwise it
was not to be expected that tenants would expend their ca-
pital on land. Mr. Woodward having expreancl a desire that
Mr. Mechi would bring under the notice of the meeting the
result of his high farming in Essex,
Mr. Macin responded to the call. His practice in agri-
culture coincided so nearly with Mr. Woodward's, that it
was only necessary to say that he grew alternately grain and
root or leguminous crops, endeavouring as much as possible
to grow wheat alternate years. He had originally drained
his land 2 feet 8 inches deep, with pipes and stones, at a con-
siderable expense; but since he had had the good fortune to
meet with Mr. Parkes he had amended his errors, and war
draining more deeply and effectually with pipes alone at one•
third the cost. He rented some land adjoining his own;
although he held but a seven years' lease, he drained It
feet deep with 1 inch pipes, at a cost of from 355. to 50s.
per acre. Ile could not afford to deprive himself of Me
benefit of drainage. He found it very unprofitable to farm
such land undrained. The very first wheat crop remune-
rated him for the whole cost. The result of his improve-
ments at Tiptree had been to double the produce of his farm
and of his labour. A portion of it was formerly a swamp,
not producing 5.. per acre. He had been entreated this year
el a gardener in the neighbourhood to let those 4 acres to
him, at an annual rental of 5/. per acre. He had removed
31 miles of unnecessary banks and fence,. Taking the arable
acreage of the United Kingdom, he thought they might
safely dispense with 500,000 miles of unnecessary fencing,
which, with its timber, displaced much food and labour. He
considered the agriculture of this country in a very back-
ward and unsatisfactory state compared with its manufac-
tures. The agricultural mechanical appliances were rude,
costly, and unprofitable. The farm buildings generally were
bad, and uncentrically placed, causing a national loss of
some Z 6111061; each ton of produce or manure costing
an average carriage of 6d. per mile, renders the position
of the buildings an important national consideration.
Waggons were a most unphilosophical contrivance. It
was quite clear that a long, light, low cart on two wheels,
having an area of capacity equal to a waggon, and only
costing half as much, was a much more sensible and
profitable mode of conveyance. The question wan not
now an open one, having been thoroughly discussed and
decided upon at the London Farmers' Club; therefore,
the sooner the waggons were got rid of the better. With
regard to the quantity of seed, his experiments (con.
ducted now for three years and publicly recorded) had
uniformly been in favour of thin sowing, say from 4 to 5
leeks of wheat, and 6 to 7 pecks of barley and oat.. Some
of the beet farmers in hi- ainghbourbooel adopted this system
successfully. It was highly Important in a national point of
view that this question should be settled ; for if the quan-
tities he bad named were available, adieu at once to the ne-
cessity for foreign imports. It appeared to be admitted on
all hands, that if a bushel of wheat vegetated, it was an
ample seeding ; and it was reasonable that it should be so,
because if each good kernel produced only one ear, con-
taining 48 kernels (and that was not a large one), there
was no allow/ince for increase by branching or tillering,
which we kne would take place to a considerable extent in
well farmed land, containing an abundance of organic
matter. Thin sowing delayed the ripening three] or four
days ; consolidation by pressure prevented the develop-
ment and action of wireworm and slug. He had found
salt tended to a similar result. He salted all his wheats at
the rate of 4 to 8 bushels per acre, and was determined
to use mach more. He knew a gentleman in North-
amptonshire whose wheat crops could scarcely ever be kept
from going down, until he used salt, which had effectually
kept it standing. He (Mr. M.) salted the manure in his
yards, He found that it sweetened them ; be supposed it
fixed the ammonia. It was a singular fact that whilst salt
tended to preserve animal substances It on the contrary
rapidly decomposed vegetable matter. ft was a cheep alkali
of native production, carting only about 20s. to 30s. per ton,
whilst all other alkalies were nearly eight times as dear.
He strongly recommended the abundant me of bones, with
and without acid, for root and green crops. It was evi-
dent that the bones formed in our growing animals, and
in our cows from the produce of the farm, cost us sd.
per pound, or 4.51. per ton. Now, if we could replace these,
as we can do, by bone-dust, at 71. per ton, it was clearly
pulley to use them. He considered the waste of
good
liquid portions of the manure in most farm-yards a
great national calamity. It was a great mistake ever
to allow water to fall on manure. Water was a very heavy
article. A thousand gallons weighed 10,0001 be., and were ex-
pensive to cart. He had heard farmers say when rain was
falling, that they should then litter their yards and make
manure! Straw and water, in fact. He found in practice
that animals did well on their own excrements and straw
under Meer that they consolidated the mass until it was
four feet thick, when it would cut out lthe a good dungheap,
and be fit to carry on the land. Bat if rain water were
allowed to wish this mass, an injitrious effect resulted both to
the animal and to the manure. He could not afford to allow
his manure to be well washed in the yards by drainage front
the buildings, and afterwards to be washed dried, and
mangled by putting it out in heaps and turning over. It
was a waste of time and of money. He found that his
crops grew better with unwashed manure. A farm-
yard should be like a railway terminus—covered in, but
amply ventilated. There was comfort and profit in
keeping everything dry. It did away with the amenity
for water-cart. and tanks . the liquid portions of the
excrements being, just sufficient to moisten the straw and
burnt earth, or other absorbent material. He admired and
practised, to a certain extent, Mr. Huxtable's system of
placing animals on boards. It would answer in a compact
farm with good roads, and in cold climates, to feed sheep in
the yards on roots. In mild climates, and dry friable soils,
it was most advantageous to consume the roots and green
crops on the land by folding with sheep. There was no ex
pence of carting off and carting back manure. Farmers had
found out that the whole of the excrements were thus applied
to the land, whereas in open yards with untroughed build-
ings, much was washed out and wasted. He hoped to see
the time when tenants would consider it to be their interest
(as in parts of Scotland) to pay 10s. per sere more rent for
properly farmed, permanent, and convenient buildings, and
drainage, in lieu of the miserable and misplaced dilapidations
of the present time. It was, no doubt, partly this difference
that caused the Scotch rents to appear higher than our own.
HO was a decided anteater to the depth of at least two feet.
It was a cheap and effective way of • rid of strong
rooted weeds, their crowns being gene y just below the ords
nary depth of ploughing. He did this in dry weather, and

with lbeamillomee of a heavy Crolithill roller and scarifier,
maim bleliews cheaply, quickly, and efficiently. He drilled
kis eimilentintervals of about 9 inches, so as to hoe them
ui Onmelei bearrhoe. 1 t mat about ls. per acre. It was
flesMiffliamplalons and efficacious than the hand-hoe, and
may mot emediniik the amount. He strongly advocated the
obsidians didimehee and also of chalk on heavy clays
dab:kW la selmmene matter. It had b. en proved that much
more prawn bed smadted from oil.cake 141611 than where
an equivalent amment was expended in corn. Good high
farming was by lew the most profitable ; the starvation prin-
ciple was • losing game. If we borrowed from the earth we
must repay, or we should soon find an empty exchequer.
The Hee. A. licitthit then rose and spoke to the follow-
ing effect :—I think this by far the most interesting agricul-
tural meeting that I have ever attended, en account of the
variety of important views and practices which have been
brought under our notice. k or my own part, at
so late • period of the day I must content my-
self with adducing a few facts that have *come
within my. own fanning experience, and defending one
or two points of my farming practice which have been
glanced at by the preceding speakers. As I see so many
landed proprietors around me I must beg permission to im-
press on them the duty of allowing their tenants to break
up, under proper restrictions, the poorer lands now lying in
graze. I think that 1 can show from my own experience
that national wealth, the profit* 'of the tenant, and the in-
terests of the labourer, are deeply concerned in converting
poor pasture into tillage. Thus, in my own parish, five years
ago, there being many labourers out of employ, I obtained
the consent of my landlord, Mr. Sturt, to break up the
whole of the grass lands of a small dairy farm. It con-
sisted of 95 acres, 10 of which only were then under the
plough. When 1 entered on the occupation, the farm sup-
ported 14 dairy cows, and pew 49 bushels of wheat and 40
bushels of beans. Now it annually produces 1,600 bushels of
wheat, 40 head of cattle, cows, yearlings, and calves and 100
sheep are fatted, and tiO pigs, and where 31 labourers were em-
ployed, 12 are now sustained all the year round. But the
taro, gentlemen, labours under one embarrassment, such •
one as I wish you all felt—such en accumulation of manure
that, with the fear of laid wheat crops before my eyes, I
know not where to place it. Allow me to detail briefly the
steps by which this surely happy result has been brought
about. I began at the beginning. I first drained the land ;
but of draining you have heard to-day somuch, that I will
only say that though it has been most successful. I yet
heartily wish that I hal earlier known Mr. Parkea's deep
drainage. My fields would have been far more
and effectually rid of their bottom water. I trieecd:hetilida
was done to improve the herbage of come of the better pas-
tures, hut neither liming, nor sheep-folding, nor guano,
enabling me to cut more then 15 cwt. of hay per acre, I
pared and burnt it all, and cut down, by my kind landlord's
leave, all the hedge-row timber, and grubbed up all
save the boundary hedge, and have now a glorious farm.
The next object was to provide for the permanent fer-
tility of the soil by keeping • huge amount of stock ; for
I hold that a farm ought to be made seltsupporting
as fax as possible, and the purchase of manures alusuld be re- '
girded as only a temporary expedient—a necessary evil. My
tint effort to consume the green crops grown on half my
farm was very expensive, and therefore unsuccessful ; for
with regard to the beasts, I was forced to purchase a ruinous
amount of straw, and the sheep eating off the Swedes on clay
land in winter puddled the fields, and were themselves
amidst good food objects moat pitiable. But when our priu-
cipin are good, we must not allow alight difficulties to stop
their application. I therefore determined to place my mileh
and store cattle on boards, as wood is an excellent non-con-
ductor, and after a series of devices I have succeeded in
making them tolerably comfortable, so that I am now no
longer dependent on my straw for the quantity of cattle
which I keep. I am only limited in the number of animals
which I keep by the amount of green food grown. In like
manner, but with a variation of arrangement, the sheep
were placed on small boards about 31 inches wide, with
an interval of about 1 inch between each, to permit the
manure to fall freely into properly prepared tanks
below. Ilia is by tar the most successful provision
which I have made. Of 1,000 sheep so placed I have
never had one lame. The pigs, in like manlier, when fat-
tened, sleep on a boarded stage above their feeding-place,
and except in very cold weather, require no straw for litter.
Thus I have dispensed with a large expenditure of straw,
which my cereals (half the farm) could not sufficiently pro-
vide. But I hear some one exclaim, " What do you make
of your straw ?" First of all, a good deal is still required
for bedding the hones, and the young stock which are in
loose boxes ; and as they never tread the green fields, they
require a great quantity of white bedding. Secondly, a great
deal is wanted for food, being mixed with the green leaves
of the root crop and the smashed turnips. Thirdly a ton
per acre is used in making clover and vetches into
imperfectly dried hay, with a due admixture of salt to ar-
rest fermentation. 'I hese uses fully take up all the straw
which I grow. I think the methods employed in preparing
the manure front the "boarded" cattle deserve men-
tion. First the liquid manure flows into large tanks;
below them is another, which I call the nailing tank, for in
it the manure is diluted with water to any degree which
the state of the weather may require, the rule being
that, in proportion to the increase of temperature must be
the increase of dilution; i. e. the hotter the weather, the
weaker should be the manure applied. In order to avoid the
expensive and often injurious water-can, I have laid down
over the highest part of my farm a main of green elm pipe,.
of 2 inches diameter, bored in the solid wood ; at every 100
yards distance is as upright post, bored in the same manner,
with a aortic A forting pump fixed at the mixing tank
discharges along these pipes, buried'.' feet in the ground, the
fluid with a pressure of 40 feet ; of course it rushes up these
pierced calunina, and will discharge itself with great velocity
through the nozzle ; to this I attach first of all 40 yards of
hose, and therewith water all the grass which it can reach.
To the end of this hose another 40 yards of hose is atteelsk
and a still larger portion of the surface is irrigated, andel:ion
for es many 40 yards as are required. Wh.n enough
has been irrigated at the first upright, the) nozzle is
plugged, and the fluid is discharged at the next 100
yards distanced column, and so on. For this applica-
tion of the Lose I am entirely indebted to that most
able man, Mr. Edwin Chadwick; the green elm pipe is my
own contrivance. The cost of the prepared canvas hose,
which was obtained from Mr. Holland, of Manchester, was
le. a yard; the wooden pipes cost me only Is , and being
underground they will be most enduring. By en outlay of
301. I can thus irrigate 40 acres of land; and me how inex-
pensive, compared with the use of the water-cart and horse,
the application. A lad of 15 works the forcing pump ; the
attaching the hose and its management require a man and a
boy. With these, then, equivalent to two men, I can easily
water two acres a day, at the rate of 40 hogsheads per acre of
the best manure in the world ; I say best, because all chemists
will assure you that the liquid contains the principal nitro-
genous and soluble salts, and therefore is far more valuable
than the dung, and it is plain enough to every man, though
he be no chemist, that plants can only take up the manure
in a liquid form. The principal use which I make of the
hose is to water the clover, and, above all, the noble,
but this day much-decried Italian rye-grass. How hard
Mr. Woodward was upon its soft sweet herbage! Yet
his own excellent principle, that you must carry back to the
land an equivalent for what is taken away, may be success-
fully alleged in defence of this most productive and nutritious
of all grasses. It is certainly true that if you cut and carry
away Italian rye-grass, and do notalso carry baile the manure
made in eating it, you will not be able to grow wheat after
it. But from my. own observation I know that if, after emit
cutting, the hose Immediately follows, you may cutit:without
wrong to the land as often as you like, and an amount et
fodder will be obtained which no other plant can
It comes the earliest, and grows the longest regal
grimes ; and I feel confident that with such appliances im I
have mentioned, you may secure fifty tons per annum of
this milk-giving, fat-producing, muacle.making, gram. I elm
refer to Mr. Dickinson, of Curzon-street, as an authority fir
growing at least this weight of green food, and I believe Ost
more. That you can cut it, by the help of liquid manure, elm
times a-year, admits of no doubt. With regard to the manure
made by sheep,u previously described,you will readily perceive
its value if you reflect that when you give a flock in their house
twenty tons of Swedes and their top, you have minus only
the increase of their bone and wool made during the three
months of their happy confinement, all the inorganic and
most of the organic ingredients of the crop being under tho
boards; in fact you may say that on the boards you have a
fatted flock, and below the boards yet twenty tons of
Swedes and their tops. I think that a good deal of misap-
prehension prevails respecting this mode of shed-feeding
sheep, for you hear frequent comparison made on the sups-
. rior system of feeding off crops in the fields. I have
no doubt that in the summer months even fatting
sheep will "do well" out of doors and at the same
' time fertilise and consolidate the land ; but I speak
of feeding off winter crops by sheep which yea wish
to fat ; and here I cannot think that the two eystems admit
of comparison, ea superior are the results of the house and
board system. But the conditions ender which an animal
is to be reared are quite different from those which you
would observe in laying on fat. In the One cue exercise is
absolutely necessary ; in the other case, the quieter and more
still the creature is kept the better. Briefly, then, my own
practice, which science surely justifies is this—the greater
proportion, about two-thirds, of my he'd roots are carted to
the sheds, and given to the animals preparing fer the
butcher, whereas the tops and 'mailer turnips are fed off
by my breeding flock on the land, waisted by oilcan, and
corn when necessary, and thus the land is rendered firm,
and the ewe* are kept in healthful exercise. Lastly, I must
advert to the treatment of the dung made by the cattle
and pigs. That on the boards is hourly swept down,
and wheeled away to a long covered shed; contiguous
to this is another shed containing • large store
of burnt earth and other ashes. The dung is
worked up with the ashes, and therewith is mixed the
other manures, dissolved bones, soot, powdered chalk, ite.
This, about 8 or 10 cart-loads per acre, is carted to the field
ready for turnip sowing. The manure is drilled in by one
of those that deliver moist manure, and thus eight acres can
be got over in a day drilled on the fiat. If the field is very
poor, the drill goes over four acres in the morning without
seed ; in the afternoon the same quantity is again deposited
in the tame ruts, and the seed upon this double discharge.
The advantage of this is, that the dung ia never exposed to
the drying of the sun or air; that the seed being deposited
over a moist bed, germinates immediately in the driest ma-
son, and cures not for the fly, thoh for the prevalent grub
it is certainly no remedy. The pig manure I consider the
best of all ; because one half of the corn I feed them on is in
the shape of beans, which contains the best mineral iagre-
dient for growing Swedes, as I have endeavoured to set forth
in my." lecture; on manures." These, gentlemen, then, are
the principal points of the practice which has brought me In-
to that pleasing embarrassment of which I spoke bet .re, and
which I wish may befall you all—more manure than you tan
safely put on your arable land.
Dr. Lyon Playfair, Mr. Josiah Parkes, and Dr. Bue.k.buid,
having spoken, the health of Sir A. Peel was drunk ; the
acknowledgment of which, in a short but admirable speech
by the hon. baronet, concluded one of the most intimating
and important meetings that has ever been held in England

THE THANKSGIVING.—The following is a copy of
the Queen's letter to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury,
for a collection for the relief of a large portion of the popula-
tion in Ireland, and in tome districts of Scotland, on the ap-
pricking day of thaniogising.
Victoria R. Mott Rererend Father in God, our right truly sad
right entirely beloved eouacillor, we greet you well. Whereas a large
portion of the population in Ireland, and in mime districts 04 soot.
land, is still suffering severe Metros, owing to the failure of the ordi-
nary supplies of food in the year 1546, end in the beginning of the
present year and whereas it has been represented to us tint many of
our subjects are desirous, on the occasion of the aperosening day of
thanksgiving for the late abundant harvest, to contribute to the old of
their distressed breth n, snd have at the tame time humbly prayed
us to Mile our royal letters direr: el to the Lord Archbishop
of Canterbury and the Lord Archbishop of York, autho-
rising them to promote contributions within their respec-
tive prainees for the curse benevolent purpose. We, tak-
ing the eremites into our royal consideration, and
always ready to give the best encouragement and countenance meret
humane and charitable undertakings, are graciously pleased to eon-
deemed to their request; sad we do hereby direct that thee cur
letter. be communicated by you to the several suffragan bishops
within your province, enema, requiring them to take care that pub.
tic:dial be mode hereof on Sunday, the 17th day of Octotor neat, end
in suck places within their impactive dioceses as the said bishops
shall appoint ; and that upon this occasion the ministers in each parish
do effectually excite their parisbionem to a liberal contribution, whisk
ehall be collected in the severe' chunk* and chapels immediately
after Divine ret-viee on that day; and the ministers of the we're'
punishes are to came the sums re collected to be paid immediately
into the hands of the Bank of England, to be amounted for by them.
and applied to the carrying on and promoting the abovednentimed
good designs. And to we hid you heartily farewell.—Given at our
Court of St- James's, the twenty-ninth day of September, ISIS, in the
eleventh year of our reign.—By her klayeat-,'s command, G. Gum
The form of prayer alluded to was on Saturday night
decided upon by the Archbishop. It is almost similar, except
in regard to the collects and psalms, to that used on the
occasion of the general fart.—Observer.
MARYLEBONE VESTRY.—LNCREASE OF PAUPERISM.
—On Saturday, Mr. J Williams, M.P., having been called
to the chair, the vestry-clerk read a communication front the
directors and guardians of the poor, stating that th, re were
8,839 paupers rrceiviag parochial relief on the parish ; and
that the sum of 1,0001. was required for their week's sup-
! port, the treasurer of the board of guardians having only
131. 13s. in hand. The vestry-clerk read another stateroom.,
from which it appeared that the parochial authorities had
issued cheques to the amount of 6,011/., while they had only
8331. in cash.—Mr. Wingfield expressed his astonishment at
the embarrassed state of the parish, and wished to laa informed
how the demand upon the parochial funds exceeded that of
the corresponding period of last year by 4,0001. i—Mr. Lowe
replied, that the inmates at present in the workhouse were
600 more than the number in it this time last year, while the
out-door poor were daily increasing.—Mr. Stamford com-
a matted, at great length, upon the prevalence of mendicancy
and vagrancy in the metropolis, where, he said, 120,0001.
were annually given to 30,000 mendicants, who were either
thieves, or the accomplices of thieves, by which means
charity was diverted from its proper channel. In conclusion
he gave notice of a mo'ion for the appointment of a deputa-
tion to wait upon the Home Secretary to induce him to give
instructions to the commissioners of police and megistrates
to enforce the laws for the suppression of mendicity in the
metropolis, and to increase them, if necessary.-31r.
Daniell brought up the following report relative to the
erection of baths and washhouses :
At a meeting of the commissioners, heal at the court-honer this
day, at eleven o'clock; present, George Daniell, Feq., in the chair,
the commissioners of public bath. and muhhouses having had
several communientionn from the treasurer and surveyor of the me-
tropolitan county courts, to the effect that the Oct...wee was em-
powered to purelsese the piece of ground in the Nest-road 'not
warded) for the proposed bulls and wmhbouses, at the ruin of 2,1.1404
solicit sanction and approval of the board of sentry to tho pur-
chase of the entire piece of freehold lend on the site of the Yortradre
Stingo, at the reduced sum of 5,0091, subject to out purchase, on
the part of her Majesty'. government, being carried into effect ; uul
the commissioners request the approval of the board to their bor-
cowing the sure of 3,50 -I. from the consolidated fund, puouant to
the proviaions of the Bathe and Waehbouses Act.
Mr. Daniell observed that he thought the commisa!oners
had made an excellent bargain with the government. in get-
ting them to purchase the land not required, when it was
considered that two-thirds would be appropriated to the
baths and wash-houses and but one-third for the county
court. By this proceeding a double object had been accom-
plished. They would not only secure the erection of an
establishment which would prove of the greatest benefit to
the poor, but they would have that for whichtae :nbabitants
had been so long contending—namely the est shutent of
a county court for Marylebone, in the parish of Marylebone.
With regard to the sum required for the site of the
bathe and washhouses, by the act the commissioner'
could borrow the money at small interest from the consoli-
dated fund, and pay the amount back by such small instal-
ments as would carry the entire payment over for 30 years.
—ln answer to a question from Mr. 11. C. Wilson, and
other members of the vestry, Mr. Daniell stated tkat all the
difficulties with regard to the official referees under the New
Building Act had been overcome, and that no interference
was intended to be made. with regard to widening Stingo.
lane.—After some remarks from Mr. Nisbett, Mr. Eoles, and
others, the report was received, and ordered to be considered
on Saturday next.
TILE TOLL-BAR NOISANCE.—On Saturday evening
a meeting of inhabitants of the northern districts of the
metropolis took place in the assembly-room of the Adam and
Eve Tavern, Camden Town, for the purpose of aiding the
agitation now in progress for the entire abolition of turn-
pikes and toll-bars in the metropolis and su'aurban
approaches thereto. Mr. W. Collins, surgeon, of the
Regent's-park, presided, and having explained the objects of
the meeting, Mr. Ramsey proposed the first resolution. He
proceeded to show the injurious effects the existence of toll.
oars and turnpikes in crowded neighbourhoods had upon
property in their immediate vicinity, and upon the rate-
payers, who were taxed heavilyin the shape of paving and
lighting rates. In the pariah in which they were then
assembled (St. Pancras) there were upwards of 60 miles of
road kept in repair by the rate-payers, at a cost of from
16,0001. to 20,0001. per annum, without one farthing being
received from casual travellers over them, whilA on the
six aod a belt mils-of road let by the commission-
ers of the metropolis roads to a contractor there
were no less than six turnpikes, and as many side and toll
bare. (Shame.) The fact was, if the toll-bars wire abo.
limbed the rate-payer would be benefited, even though the
rates were increased; for to evade the toll, the drivers of
heavy vehicles went round the by streets, for the wear and
tear of which the inhabitants had to pay. Mr. Ramsey
then moved—
That as the various toll-bars on the metropolis roads have been
proved to be quite unnecessary, and their existence to be a great public
grievance, the Inhabitant. present at this meeting pledge themselves
to co-operate with other parties now agitating the subject, to their
endeavour, by every leghimate mess,,, to accomplish the abolition of
this intolerable burthen and monstrous inputice.
—Mr. Hill seconded the resolution.—Mr. Spooner. Pro-
fessor of the Royal Veterinary College, understood that
Mews- Pickford, 'and Chaplin and Horne, the rail-
way carriers, saved more than 1,0001. a year each
by dragging their heavy loads down the by streets
and roads to the Camden station, and thereby
evading the tolls in the Hampstead-road and Park-street,
cad the inhabitants had to pay for the damage done to tits
reads—Mr. Craft said, only a few days since, in Brill-caw
neat, be saw one of these heavily laden railway warp:MN Ia
order to pass another vehicle, driven recklessly our the
pavement, and the result was that three or four of the flags
were broken, for which the inhabitants would have to pay.
If toll-bars were abolished these vehicles would go down the
public reads, their proper place.—The resolution having
been carried nem. con., Mr. Boyce, in moving the appoint-
ment of a committee to co-operate with other committee",
which had been formed to abolish the nuisance, announced
that promises had been received from the member' for
Middlesex and Marylebone to assist in its abolition. The
motion having been seconded, and a committee appointed:
with thanks bathe chairman, the meeting separated.
THE INTERIOR OF SHAKSPEARE'S HOF sE.—All
around is dark and heavy.—The square shop—if it may be
called a shop—is rudely flagged with broad stones, round
which in the winter time the water oozes up. Thu white-
washed walls stand about dimly under the 'lnitiate of the
window.ecreen which slopes downwards to the street. A
massive chimney, with its bold ingle, comes out into the
floor ; and an open door at the back, reached by a single
stone step, leads at once into the kitchen. This is warmer,
smaller, and still more shut up in ancient characteristics.
The vast fire-place on one side, and the oak stairs on the
other, winding up through the wall into the room where
Shakspeare was born, are unmistakeable evidences of the
rude and enduring aichitecture of • remote age.—.la, a.
FIRE AT BLACKWALL.—Great alarm was produced
la the vicinity of Blackwell, on Saturday. night, by the out-
break of a ;fire on the extensive premises known as the
Timm Plata Glans Works, at Blackwell. Ga arriving at
Ilegepee, it was found to have commenced in a range of cm-
pelilles workshops belonging to the firm, the whole of which
IMO •in an entire blaze, causing a fearful reflection in the
and attracting thousands to the scene. The new*
gegehiag town, several of the brigade engines were die-
plaited to the conflagration, and by the time they had
maid ilia burning property the range of workshops was
Is mita Mach apprehension was entertained for the safety
der more valuable portion of the works, but, by the active
ONSlkets of the firemen and werkpeople, the homes were
ebeyed eve they had extended to them. The damage done is
ants officially reported ; --Carpenters' stores burned down.
The roof partly burned off the retort house, and tho roof of
kilns slightly damaged by fire. How the disaster occurred
could not be ascertained. The company was insured in the
Sun, Phoenix, Globe, and Imperial effices,
HE ACCIDENT ON THE LONDON AND BRIGHTON
RAILWAY.—An inquest has been held upon the guard who
was killed on Thursday byatriking his bead agaitst an arch-
way between Angemering and Little Hampton • bile the
train was going through it : a verdict of " Accidental anth"
was returned.
INQUESTS (SATCRDST).—SCICIDS.—Before Mr.
Bedford, at the Melina Arms, Charles-street, Gemmel--
square, on the bode of Francis Beatty, aged 36, shopman to
Mr. Hedges bootmaker, of No. 44, Bond-street. the des-
WSW had been lately detected in embezzling some money of
lY matter's, and the same afternoon he mixed an ounce of
mile acid with some water and swallowed it. Immediately
ha bad done so he told the servant he had poisoned himselt.
A medical men was called in, who administered chaii and
other remedies, but without avail, as he expired in le,. then
ten minutes. Verdict, "Temporary insanity."—MELAN-
CROIX SUICIDE.—Before Mr. Wakley, at the Red Lion,
Wildstrett, Linoolu's-inn-flelds, on the body of His. Cecilia
Rayner, wife of the landlord of the house. On Tbureday last
a quarrel took place between deceased and her Eubband, is
the bar parlour, and on leaving which she uttered comet/dog
like suicidal threats, They were not directly attended to;
but when they were, deceased was discovered lying on her
beirorattlif 7ean onlibrsiumeunce ohafiaationllasther
waeoi.potincibeiwmoornaidhisiiiPiritrtoeht.pyrerroeda4p.imaftted:unrtdswhaita:inb‘l'dawne,' tiddh...h.rao.abinoftt-
bleallid.egip"wiidf:.wanasd difficultthatbe itnogeoonftaronletteeere.digl
been adduoed th.se deceased swallowed do
pars ins of insane mind, the jury returned a Teretics
d" Vmperary inianity."

IRELAND.
DUALIN, Oct. 2.
The considerate and generous spirit in which the
government is disposed to deal with Irish destitution,
and the great extent to which they are prepared to
relieve the country by grants of money in its present
difficulties, has just received another attestation. It
has been. communicated officially to the boards of
guardians throughout Ireland that government has
directed that all the public moneys issued for the
maintenance of fever hospitals and other sanitary
establishments in connexion with the board of health
np to the let of October instant, aze to be considered
as grants, repayment of which will not be demanded.
The extent of the remission thus made will probably
amount to one and a nalf or even to two millions
sterling.
Meanwhile there come from various districts ac-
counts of lamentable distress. Ballymoe, county of
Roscommon, is described to be in a state of actual
starvation, as to its people, and at Dun"arvon there
were present at the relief committee's late place of
meeting, a few days since, 1,000 persons in a state of
destitution. Of coarse, these men could no longer be
relieved by the committee, and the arrangements for
out-door relief are not yet in such a state of forward-
ness, as to be available as a substitute. Eileen, and
Rooskey, too, districts of Roscommon, the distress in
which last year was extreme, again threaten to be
visited by wont, as the works on the Shannon, which
borders the district, have ceased, and immense shoals
of men who had visited England to cut down the
harvest are returned, and now of course are unem-
ployed.
At a meeting of the South Union guardians yester-
day, Mr. Latouche, whose information may be relied
on as full warranty for any statement he makes, said
he could congratulate the guardians that not only in
the city, but in the provinces, fever was very much
on the decrease. There are at present in the South
Dublin fever sheds 100 vacancies, and there are en
an average 40 patients per day discharged.
Mr. Sharman Crawford, having been invited
to attend a meeting at Thnrles, county Tipperary, to
advocate " tenant-right," has declined to do so " until
all the excitement of the Holy Cross Meeting had
cooled down."

His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant has been
pleased to approve of the appointment of the follow-
ing gentlemen to be Inspectors of Unions, under 10th
Victoria, c. i :—Alfred Power, Esq.; Edward Senior,
Esq.; William John Hancock, Esq. ; Caner George
Otiiay, Esq. ; Joseph Burke, Esq. ; John Ball, Esq. ;
Denis Phelan, Esq. ; Pierce Marcus Barron, Esq.;
Richard Bourke, Esq. ; Charles Sharman Crawford,
Esq.; Stephen Woulfe Flanagan, Eeq.

SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH. OM 1.
Parochial amalgamation is at a discount in the
west. It was formerly mentioned that the board of
supervision had recommended the parochial boards of
Glasgow, Gorbals, Govan, and Barony, to meet and
consider the propriety of junction. The three last
have met, and the result is, Govan and Barony de-
dine, while Gorbals cautiously postpones coming to '
any conclu-ion till the sth inst., when they will have
an opportunity of knowing what the other b ards
have done. In their resolutions, the Barony board
repudiates partial amalgamation, and holds that there
should be a uniform rate of assessment over all Scot-
land, levied on the principle of the iccome tax, while
the administration, as at present, should continue
local.

The water question is becoming national. Not
only in Edinburgh and Glasgow is it a subject of
agitation, but in Cupar, St. Andrew's, and Stirling.
Scarcity, however, not being the complaint in all
these places, but rather bickering* as to whether
private companies or municipal bodies should under-
take to furnish supplies. This morning the Edin-
burgh Water Company implore that private wells
may be placed under their charge; and to aggravate
the distress, 200 labourers, employed in the construc-
tion of one of the new reservoirs, have struck work
on account of the high price charged for provisions
at the contractor's store. The clouds continue as
anti-humid as ever.
Greenock his been the theatre of an ecclesiastical
Imelite. It appears that the free Gaelic church be-
came vacant some time ago by the death of its pastor:
two candidates came forward. One of them had a
small majority, but having received some threat from
some of the minority, he declined accepting the
charge, which then fell into the bands of the second,
but he in his turn became the object of aversion to
the majority, and resigned also. The presbytery,
anxious to get the matter settled, induced the second
to withdraw his declinature, and yesterday was fixed
for his induction. But over-night, the dissentients
got the gate fastened with a chain and padlock, and
about a dozen remained in the street rill night, evi-
dently with the purpose of watching against the re-
moval of the fetters. By the time when the pres-
bytery should have made their appearance the church
was surrounded with an enormous mob, of which fe-
males formed a large proportion. On some of the
members of presbytery attempting to enter, they
were forced back by the highlanders, and retired to
the presbytery meeting, on reaching which the depu-
tation found that the minister about to be inducted
had withdrawn de noro. The mob kept possession
till about five o'clock, when they dispersed, appa-
rently satisfied with their success, and the presby-
tery
referred the proceedings to a higher court with
the view of applying discipline to the recusant Celts.
Road reform is retrograding in Ayrshire ; a county
meeting being called for the 22nd inst., for the pur-
pose of instituting five new toll-bars.