The Express.
London, England, 1848-10-19 00:00:00

ARCHDEACON SINCLAIR ON PARISH
COLONISATION.

THE BISHOP OF LLANDAFF.
Sir,—l have just read in your paper of Saturday's
date a letter, headed " Welsh Curates," and signed "
Liandavensis." Os that letter I will make no observa-
tion further than that, if my conjectures as to the writer be
correct, his " true and quite unvarnished account" would
lose much of its piquancy, if fairly investigated. This, how-
ever, is a matter in which I am in nowise concerned, but I
cannot, as one of the clergy t f the diocese, allow your
observations respecting our excellent and much (-teemed
prelate to pass unnoticed; observations which, were
you but half as wall acquainted with him re
nu lordship's c'ergy (and curates especially) arc, would
never have found admittance into the oulumns of the
Express. In your praiseworthy sal to redress the
snoop of the .mpreseed, I cannot but think you have far
once fallen into the error (uuintcntionally, I am sure) of
epee:sing evil of dignities ;" and in this instance of one as
little deseevieg such treatment a- any man living. In con-
sequence of the selfishness displayed by too many members
of the Ecclesiastical Commission, in: so extravagantly
appropriating its funds towards the erection of, or
addition to, their palaces (and whose exposure, how-
ever painful to the true friends of the church, was
nothing more than an act of strict justice to the community
at large), a prejudice has been unhappily created in the
minds of the public against the bishops set mane, but I feel
very sure that your love of truth will induce you to do your
utmost towards correcting the error; while at the same time
I hope that a few plain facts will assist you in doing so—with
regard to the Bishop of Llandaff at any rate. And by the
way, speaking of the Ecclesiastical Commission, it may be
as well to remind you that the Bishop of Llan.laff (though
his lordship be one of its members) cannot be accused of the
selfishness justly attributable to several other,. No one ever
heard of one shilling of its funds being expended in the
building of a palace in this diocese—though no diocese stands
more in need of one. Durirg the 20 years his lordship has
resided among us, it has been either in a residence rented
by himself, or in one purchased out of his own private means.
That he is a pluralist (being Bishop of Ltandaff sad Dean of
St. Paul's) cannot be denied; but this is an evil (regretted by
himself u much as by any cue) which, under present ar-
rangements, cannot be avoided—for what is really the
state of the case ? The revenue of the see does not exceed
the sum of 7001. or 8001. per annum ; and this added to that
of the deanery does not equal the incomes enjoyed by most
of our bishops, not one of whom works harder fur his income,
or spends it more liberally, than does the Bishop of Llandaff.
In this diocese there are unfortunately many pluralists, in
consequence et the small value of the livings, many of which
do not produce more than 301. or 401. a year; but to speak
of the bishop as a sympathiser with "non-resident plural-
ists" is altogether a mistake; and with regard to the ques-
tion in point, I think it will be found that the incumbent
referred to did not obtain his license of non.r, sidenee on the
ground of holding other preferment. Na bishop has done
more towards abolishing this evil, while at the same time no
one has done more towards promoting the welfare of the
curates (whether Welsh or English) within his jurisdic-
tion. Had the case been otherwise, had his lordship
been such a one as the letter in your paper
and your observations insinuate, I should not have taken any
notice of it. But let the truth be told. I will not hesitate
to say that in no diocese of England or Wales have the
curates so little cause to complain of their diocesan ; in no
di scene of England or Wales are there so many incumbents
who have been promoted from curacies; in no diocese have
curates had their grievances so readily redressed, and their
wants so kindly attended to; in no other diocese aro bene-
fices in the gift of the bishop more properly and advents-
geously disposed of. I believe every living given by hie mines to a life of usefulness
lordship has been bestowed on those who have, by seal and Gitupur-street prison aimed
discretion, proved themselves most worthy of reward; and the gaol—is one of the walls
many an earnest application his been made by him to the the tight of it ever causes
crown and to other inalsrepriaton in behalf of such ce- upon the course of his life,
sirable incumbents. And though it be a fact that his lord- visiting the prison will be
ship enjoys a handsome income, no one disposes of it with He will not fail to have
more clinician liberality. I for one should be sorry to un- mind that even in the
dertake to pay his public subscriptions with the revenue of worthy of the highest
the diocese, and these are as nothing when eonirared with have been lost to society,
the many private deeds cf charity continually wrought by of better teaching, safer
him. afforded them. If his de
Many a clergyman's orphan will bear testimony to this Hospital side of that

The state and prospects of children and other Jong
persons supported in workhouses have long been an object of
deep anxiety among the philanthropic and patriotic. It le
extremely difficult to empl y them suitably—atilt more diffi-
cult to revile fee them. At present the ch.: iren in all
uniema receive an excellent educ.ation, but this is seldom of
much use to them The parish breedir.g seems to lease an
indelible taint. Some have proposed that parishes should
hire lead for the purpose of employing their inmates in
spade cultivation. In Prance, in an institution far referming
young criminals, agricultural pursuits have been used ad-
ventegenusly. But, in the Bet place there is a great doubt
whether agriculture coupbe pursued by parishes, so as to
pay the current expenses of rent, taxes, toots, Ake. ; and
next, there is the same popular objection to manufacturing
wheat or potatoes by pauper inhume, that has bcea fairly
urged against shirtmaking and tailoring by the same class.
The poorer rate-payers among farmers, hosiers, and tailors,
protest against the competition of these whom they support.
The other day it came out at a police-office in Lendon that
the competition of workhouses had brought the price of
making a shirt down to threehallpenes. The remit is. that
orphan and deserted children brought up in workhouses are
chiefly trained to sedentary pursuits : on leaving they do not
readily settle down to the irregular hardships of living which
our working classes endure. The boy., when apprenticed,
seldom turn out well—the girls, too, often take to the streets.
These fare are in evidence.
Arciadeama Sinclair, the mach respected chairman of the
Kensington Union, has favoured us with the heads of a
plan (printed for private circulation) of pariah eel .nisation,
which is nut only alinireee in its intentions, hut, unlike a
great usury philanthropic pr -petitions, perfectly practicable.
The archdeacon proposes that the following clew"e be in-
serted in the next act of parliameat relating either to patt-
perism or emigration:
Ile I' further enacted, that in cam the legislative of any of her Ma.
kdy's =tomes or depe Menefee shell see :It at its own met to eats.
blest ecieolsof industry, in which boys and girls from their el, radii
or tee: fib to their fourteenth year shill receive reagious and moral
training and be instructed In the artn bet adagtel to make them
lawful colonists, under regulations este:actors to the
governor of the colony and toe bishop of the dio-
cese ; it shall be lawful for the Lords Cominimioncris of
her 51sjimyls treasury to contribute, from the oonsolidatid fund, the
runt, required for the removal of pauper chdren from any ot the
outports to mull colony. And it shall be further lawful for the board
of guardians of any esti& or unto*, In any part of the United King.
dons, to defray out of the poses rates under their management, the
(sevens° of removing a child to the °taped, and umintoithag it in suck
cobmisl sehool of Industry : provided always that the cgiciase thereby
toe:treed shall not exceed the mat of mipporting such child Maria, a
period of two years in the parish workhouse, or in the pauper tiMou
school of the district, within which It may have a settlement: pro..
sided, also, that such child be an orphan, or abandoned by its
parents; or that Sts parent& or guardians =meat to its removal.
He obso.ves
The fi Blowing are the advantages of the above scheme to the
to toe 04007, and to the mother country. I. As regards the child, a
&deeds] school of Industry would be for preferable to the workhouse
or pauper union school; for, in the cdoneal school, the children bring
nearly set the I,IIIC ago, and admitted at the some time, and for the
some period, would be free from many sources of moral centennial..
tion, especially that of new inmates imported fresh from meow of
protheses. 2. A. she reboot would be surrounded with 300 or 400
acres of land in posture and under tillage, the inmates weal c .illy be
provided with s variety.? =OA end bitaiday employments, and might
be classified in ally way moot conducive to their mord improvement.
3. Dieing their period of training they would be often visited by the
colnisisnewho wouldscquire en interest in them, end would meter their
WACO to hose of young permits sent directly tram ragged mined. or
pauper schcola at home, and recently contumui Alert by unrestricted
Interro r-e with each other, during the confinement of R 1 mg voyage
at • critical period of lite. 4. On leaving school, instead of haffering
the winery of being looked upon as supernumeraries, and en oppres.
sive burden, by the overcrowded society of the mother country, they
would had their ?mires in demand, wage. high, provisions cheap,
rates and tax= almost unknown. 3. To the colony the advantage is
obvious, of being abundantly supplied with elgiblo emigrants not
convicts, nor prostitutes, nor decayed gentlemen and ladies, nor
clerk,. musicians, artists or ehoprorn, nor unreelaimed juvenile offen-
der., veterans In iniquity; but boys and girls who have spent at least
two years in chreolony,under a sjstem of trainingdesiord to rnake them
active, intenigent, andhonest mi an Well u faithful Chtiatians.
The adeionages to :Le mother coaatry would be, monkeys, the greatest
aii. it would be relieved. et an expense hardly to be mentior.34
from a large portion of its redundant population. The Colonial School
of Industry, once established, would he nearly cell-supporting ; for
the children would bo fed and clothe-I from the produce of tome own
Industry. Each school accommodating 1,200 children (600 boys and
000 shill, and kee;ing them two years, would require 600 young
emigrants every year. Witty schools in different parts of Australia.
New Zealand, South Africa, and North America, would create an
annual demand for 30,00 d, and the emigrants thus expatriated would
not be respectable farmers, mull capitallate, or even able-bodied
workmen, but children of the lowest elms in society, the future In.
mates of our workhouses, our tramp-sheds, and oar jails. The
only practical question In reference to the above scheme me, whether
the several Finks concerned would take the share assigned to them
in cart) ing it into effect. Would the government be willing to Incur
the expense of conveying the children from the outpoet to the colony!
Would the colonial legislature, in consideration of the min which the
hoard of guardians might he Mantled in advancing with each child, be
induced to defray the cost of its maintenance in the school, till it
should be old enough to be apprenticed, or to earn in any way derma
subsistence I And what sum would o board of guardians be justified in
advancing with each child ancuolly, or in a single payment, not with
:he hope merely, but with the certainty, of being relieved from all
further expense on its account.
We shall have no difficulty in showing that such a 'theme
might, with some modification', be most advantageously
carried out in any of the Australian collides, and that with-
out applying to government f w any pecuniary assistance,—
an n pplication which would be made in vain.
We have the archdeacon's authority for stating that the
usual charge for supperting a child in the workhouse
or pauper union school is 4s. 6d. a week, or Ile 14s. a
year. The cost for two years atone amounts to 231. 8..,
without including the apprenticesliip fee often paid with
boys. There is no doubt that a contract might be made to
carry out 150 boys and 150 girls under 14, at 81. a head.
Their outfit would not exceed 51. a-head ; a man's may be
obtained for that sum. Thus, a cargo of juvenile emigrants
might be landed in an Australian port for, say llt. a-head.
If, then, the Crown Land Commissioners would set aside, in
the waste lands of each of these three great c denies, a euite
able estate, fitted alike be agricultural and pastoral pur-
poem, situated in the remotest parts of the interior, no doubt
the colonial legislatures wou:d be inclined to vote the sums
necessary for building barracks, stock yards, and barns.
Under suitable superintendents the juvenile emigrants might
be employed in cultivating wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes,
and shepherding flocks, and herding cattle, which would be
sent by coleniats to be grazed and tended on the usual berme,
a half of increase to the establishment for pasture and tend-
ing. The girls would be taught the duties of the dviry, and
make meet of the clethes worn by the inmates. There is no
question that these institutions, even if decently managed,
would mere than pay their expenses, and leave a surplus for
the perposes of emigration. A large tract of wild land would
he reclaimed, and increased value given to neighbeuring
propetties. A race of educated shepherds, stockmcu, and
dairymaids would be trained up, and after the first year or
two &rear-ger:tents might be made for receiving Juvenile
emigrants from all parts of the kingdom. Tee annual new
arrivals would supply aloe place of the boy colonists,
who, at fifteen, would take service, and of the girls, who,
at the same age, would either take s. Tyke or marry.
The land, now valueless, in a state of nature
would, in return for a trifling expenditure per
acre, yield enough produce to support a Jarmo population.
Perhaps the parishes of England could not do better than
engage Captain Islacconochie to undertake the first experi-
ment. Hie law of kindness, which was a miserable failure at
Norfolk Island, when applied to hardened criminals, would
probably obtain an admirable MIMI'S with juvenile paupers.
His system of mingling work and play, music and ploughitag,
sawing and theatrical performances, would endear him to all
the young hearts, without the diesstrous results of his Nor-
folk Island expert inteata.—Sidaey's I:oeigrente' Journal.

THE GREAT PRISONS OF LONDON.
OILTSPUIIe STREET COMPTER.
Mc dirty convict-looking building in Gaspar-
street, opposite to St. Sepulchres Church, is the City house
of correction, u Coldbeth-fl• Ids is that for the county. It
ens formerly used as a place of confinement for debtors, but
the yearly increasing demands upon the contracted space hes
obliged that .!epariment to be given up. City debtors are
now sent to Whitccroat-street—where, by-and-by, we shall
pay Ur, m a visit. There used also to be a large section of
this prison appropriated to female delinquents, but tke same
want of room, end the accumulating pressure upon it, ha ve
caused that to be given up to male offender.. There are now
very few females confined in Giltspur.strcet.
Enteric; at the door facing St. Sepulchre's the visitor sud-
denly finds himself in a low dark pour:, leading into the
offices of the gaol, and branching off into other passages,
darker, closer, more replete with noxious smells, then even
Newgete. This is the fitting prelude to what follows. The
prison, it most be noticed, is divided into two principal divi-
, sions—the House of Correction and the Compter. The front,
in Ctiltspor-street, and the
called the Compter. In
various kinds—remands, cc
and generally persons wait,
still unconvicted. The other
section, occupies the beck per
Christ's Hosp!tel. Curious
wall divides these widely-,
it is to think how sad a
children—deathly inexoral
pessi'de to mape from—wd
other, receive an eleemesim
and the criminal ! Who ahs'
--'..stances over which f

he side nearest to Newgate-street, is
n its wards are placed
committals from tbe ~sotralc.,
waiting ter trial, ati'd consogaintit.p;,•
thee department, tita Row ofl.tos- • c
, portion if the prenuees,o4 ,
MS it is to consider atu4-ovaly,'• .•,,. ,
ly-sepsrated worldroabd
a difference of des luili:
able, uncontrollable,Ball hu -iv Is
who, on the one 14.• .. -.
iminary education! „,A 1,6
p shall say how ran te'' 7_,.. • •
ich the child has little po . "'.7.......- %
vui or mischief 1 From they .
most the only ob. . • .•t of
rails of Christ's : • • - . •
44 , ••• ...
wthe criminal ••
le, we will Co . yAl: to. A
are the
p ptison • , ' '4re‘ ' ."'"' l'• . --.
training • , ...
41' 1 1" ir
iety, lost to •—• f t
'er
destiny h guidanoe,ave • 7.‘ ,•• . lot •
•• At en the . 1' •
?utilise. is co okie:o ar•