The Express.
London, England, 1856-07-10 00:00:00

ADDRESS OF THB NEAPOLITANS TO COUNT

CAVOUR.

(FROM 001 OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
NAPLES, JOLT 3.
It is at leant singular that at the moment that
"friendly representations" have been addressed to this
government, the political trials should have been resumed.
It is a pleuing and decided answer to the innocent caw-
lotions of the confiding governments of the North, and
shows how much may be expected from the generosity or
the high consideration of the government of the Two
Sicilia for either France or England. I have now to
reams my report of the suffering' of Alfonso Zeuli, one of
the political prisoners confined in the prisons of Monte
sarchio. By superior orders he was removed on the 25th of
last month to the hospice of Capua, so much reduced as
not to have any flesh upon his bones, and so weak as to be
unable to beer the motion of a carriage. The first stage,
therefore, from Montasarchio to Cancello was performed in
a portantina; thence he went by railway to Capua, scam-
panied by a physician and a thsplain, to watch over the
health both of body and soul. True that the body has been
broken down and ruined in cells so damp that bread became
green therein in twenty-four hours, and salt dissolved—but
' "

What of that ?—the confessor is at hand, the holy seers-
meats are always ready to be administered, and the precious
goal will being into the hands of its Maker with sll this pious
unction upon it. His chain had bees taken off the tiptoe-
tacit, prisoner only a few days before he left Monte
mato, every preparation t►at was necessary had bees
made far his journey, and on the whole line of route he
seems to have received greet attention and sympathy from
the local author,tiee. They could not have done less
to the most ordinary fellow creature in such circumstances;
but the details of thla case cf Zeuli have an interest pecu-
liarly adapted to awaken the sympathies of eves the hardeat
heart. It was a desolate prospect for him on his arrival at
Capua ; not a friend or relative was there to receive him,
and it was doubted whether a passport could be procured
for his brother to p►y him a last visit. Hitherto no pass.
port has been granted to hie relatives, I am informed; but
now that Tennessee has done its wont, it we. hoped that,
through much influence, the permission sought for might
be obtained. With what feelings will the brothels meet ?
What will be the animus of the ■umerou relatives of
Zntli to the government which has destroyed him ? Will
that mimes be different on the part of the hundreds
and thossands of others whose friends have died
in exile tr prison ? Why, in the Bagai of Pro-
eids, out of five ►undred political prisoners confined
since 1848 eighty have died, that is, just sixteen per cent.
Most of them have left children in misery, their only inhe-
ritance being a hatred of and hostility to the government':
which ha destroyed their prop and support. Make an
equally exact calculation of thou who have fallen elsewhere
—in the prisons, in the Bagoi, and in (onto countries, and
then imagine the accumulation of odium which must exist
tweeds the so-called paternal government of the Two
&cities. How can there be any approximation between the'
governing and the governed ? When oil and water mingle,
then will mutual confidence and respect spring up between
the government and the subjeete of this country. It is this
position which fernishee one cf the strongest arguments in
f f intervention.

An address to Count Cason'. from the Neapolitans hu
been fi r some Use in the cause of preparation, or cited&
(ion amongst the inhabitants of this city.

TUSCANY.

MOM OUR ITALIAN CONXISSIONIR.)
FLORENCE, JUN' 30.

Many as are the governmental abuses in force in
Tuscany, they are light in their operation when compared
with those at work is the Roman States, and still more so
with those of Naples. In the lest-named lthigdom, des-
potism is superlative ; in the territory of the Pope, it is eon-
parative ; here, it is as yet only positive. Constitutional
rights, indeed, are squally unknown in all three; but in
Florence personal liberty and property, though in theory u
much at the mercy of the sovereign as in either of the more
southern states, enjoy a degree of immunity to which Papal
and Neapolitan subjects have been long unused. Under
Pins and Bombs you may, at any hour of the day
or night, be dragged from your home, Hung into •
dungeon, be left to rot there for week', months, or
even years, perhaps, without even the favour of an
Intimation of the nature of your offence, and be finally
brought to " trial" and condemned to the galleys or
the scaffold, without anything horsed the merest faros of •
permksion of self-defence. Here, on the contrary, you may
indeed be subjected to perfectly arbitrary arrest; but en
early and Impartial trial is accorded, at which neither
liberty nor opportunity to establish your innocence is with-
held. So far, the difference between the goverumental
Oaths quo of Tuscany and that of its more despotic neigh.
hours es admittedly very wide; but in theory, and fa
many points of practiced administration, it stands on a per.
feat level with the other two. The caprice of the sovereign
is the ultimate basis of the law ; liberty of the press, of
speech, and of petition, is riguously prohibited, and tau,
lice removed beyond all power of popular control.
As might be expected, this degree ,of difference in t►e
political condition of the duchy, as competed with that of
Rome and Naples, gives a oonespondingly different tinge
to the character of its antigovernment patty from that
which belongs shire to moderates and republicans, in both el
the latter states. Excepting our infinitesimal minority el
Msuinian sympathisers, almost every man of the reform
party bore would be content with the eoustitation, satisfied
that with it every right of property, of personal liberty, of
the press, and of popular check upon the Mimes. of the
state, would be secured. A few there are, indeed, who, like
the more whole.goieg moderates in the adjoining dominions,
would make an end of the present dynasty altogether,
and gladly turn the duchy into a proviso* of the
longed. for Italian kingdom; but, however exalted
sad commendable may be this ambit'oe, the con.
pumice mildness of the Grand Ducal despotism has
GI yet provoked bat very little of such ultra.
hostility, and these amalgamators therefore are
neither many nor infisential. Still, aiming higher than

se this minority does, its mug-
ben are wisely patriotic enough to throw what influ-
ence they do possess into the mare moderate scale, instead
of practising the striate'sl folly of trying, as is the ruse! •
section of the Roman and Neapolitan liberty party, to neu-
tralise the efforts of those who would be content with less
wholesale changes than themes:vas. Thus, I have myself
eouverted with several of these Italian-unity gentlemen, and
heard them speak of others, holding the mate advanced
views, but throughout the whole party—if party it an be
celled—there is the most perfect mend with the eoustita
tionalists, whose objects ass accepted as the neat best, and,
in the end, conducive to the grander eonsammation of

their owe hopes. For overly a t.elvemootti, indeed, after
the Grand Duke's disposal of the oonatitution, in imitation
of Loafs Napoleon's coop of December 2, this
ultra-party was by far the most autaeroue in
Tuscany, and but for the in-coming of the Austrians
would have met his highness back to Gaeta, or elsewhere,
for good ; bat the prepense of the foreign force kept down
the storm, and, eolabimd with the unexpected degree of
mildness that ebaractarised the administration, eontributed
to eool down molt of them into moderate oonstitutionalista

The same cause bad a gain*, effect oa thret-fosrth. of the
at no time lap reptabliean WC4IOII ; and thus, round the
originally small swages of whet may be called the conserva-
tive reformers, has been ereatod a patriotic party, that com-
prises within its ranks nearly the whole of the wealthy and
educated populatioa of Tuscany. Numerically, it may not
equal the coustirstionalists of either Kline or Naples ; but,

fecm everythlog I have been able to Irani as to the eha:
Teeter end mourns of ell three parties, I am satisfied that
this Tuscan Junta is by far the most potential. In the per-
fect h .rniony of purpose and of opinion as to meas., that
binds tenons, due-tenths of its mem►en, bee a gasman
of NSW se that unfortunately does not exist for the non-united
patriots of toe two ante southern states. Altogether, a
spirit of something like Augle.Saten moderation, and yet
determination, seems to inmate it; end if this be kept to,
few friends of liberty, or bell laths ultimate triumph of
right, can fi ar but that when the opportunity comes
Tuscany will be amongst the foremost of the de-despotleed
Italian nationalities. Nor will any degree of continued or
even inerismed mode ration on t►e put of the government
noosed la extinguishing the steady end deep-rooted hos-
tility of this party; for in inviting Aso Was aid at first,
and in handing himself over unreservedly minee then to the
wont extreme of Austrian Inspiration, the Diike did •
crowning outrage to Ito notional spills., which no amount of
oborteaniag emusesiess will expiate. A constitution, sod
nothing but a constitution, will satisfy even the moat con-
servatively disposed of hie two millions of eubjeoto.

So pinch, g Ily, as to the stab cf patty feeling in
Flumes and throughout the principality.

. -
Whatever may be the charae er of the Tuscan government,
the eatareal uoect of thou portions of the country which I
have passed over on my way hither from Rome, would never-
theless seem to indicate anything but a state of material
non-prosperity. Exisellent cultivation, abundant crop, wed
en apparently well-to do peusetry, everywhere met the eye.
With such foregone trejudiees against the government as ire
ammeter justifies, I was prepared to see the most backward
agriculture and a p4verty-stricken population; but found
instead, evidences of a tillage that would match (mural;
with the best to be seen in the Lothians, and of •,ucb a
degree of comfortable prosperity among the people gene-
rally as would stand er.mparisoa with any district between
Cornwall and Inverness. Whether this may be in soy way
cooing or not to the peculiar system of tenancy so lug is
force throughout the country I cannot pretend to say; but
the fact of apparent material prosperity la one that needs no
depth of observation to perceive. This ese,,erie system, as
it is termed, exists also throughout a considerable portion
of the Papal Stater, with obviously similar results; but in
Tuscany it fa, I believe, gums!, and dates back from a very
early period is the history of the principility. In the
Roman tertit3ry, a large portion of the country is parcelled
oat into farms of from 1,500 to 3,000 scree in extent, and
which are held on short I by a class of wealthy agri-
cultural speculators called " mercanti di Campagna," who
pay a fixed rent to the landlord in chief, as is done in Eng-
land; but is Tuscany this class does not exist. By the
met.erta system of tenure, the farmer holds only from year
to year, and in the cultivation of his land supplies nothing
but the labour—capital, seed, and farm animals
being all furnished by the proprietor, who receives in re-
turn a half of the gross profits. The ordinary produce con-
sisu of wheat, hemp, small quantities of flax, Indian erre,
wine, and olive oil—besides a oorsiderable quantity of silk,
the manufacture of which last gives employment to large
numbers of people in Florence, S.enna, Modigliana, Prato,
and Piet,* Proof of the well. working of this system, both
as regards the interests of the proprietor and the actual
firmer, exists In the fact that though the tenancy is
nominally only yearly, in the great majority of cues it is
perpetuated from generation to generation, aid with the
result of such seemingly substantial prosperity as I have
mentioned. On the whole, therefore, justice compels the
admission that however bad the present Tutus government
may be in theory, its administrative policy leads to com-
paratively few practically bad results for the mass of its
sohjoete—a fact that cannot be pleaded for either Rome or
Naples, though even again between these two last the
difference in the statue gun of their populations is notably
very great.

AMERICA.

(IT ELECTRIC TzLsoaAni.)

SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY MORNING.

The United States Mail steamer, Arago, Captain
Lines, has arrived off Cowes, from New York to
Havre, with the French and English mails, and dates
to the 28th ult.

The Asia had arrived. Her news imparted
strength to the holders of cotton.

Commodore Stockton has been nominated to the
presidency.
The trial of Brooks, who maltreated Sumner, wu
to come off on the 30th ult.

The political news by the Asia caused some excite.
ment ; it was believed Palmerston would be defeated,
and that there would be no war.

An attempt is to be made to farce a vote in the
Senate on the Kansas Bill, to test the strength of
the house, and to compel the Senate to accept the
vote or stop the wheels of the government. It is
believed that the attempt will fail, u the revolu-
tionists have neither the strength nor pluck to carry
it out.

Martial law was declared at San Francisco.
Casey and Cora, the Californian murderers, have
been executed.

From Costa Rico we learn that the army had been
disbanded; and cholera was raging there.

In the United States Senate, on the 25th ult., Mr.
Wilson presented a petition of the fdassachasette
Emigrunt Aid Society, setting forth the true dm.
ranter of that organisation, and claiming damages for
the destruction or its property in Kansas. It was re-
ferred to a committee on claims.
The grand jury at Washington presented an in-
dictment against the Hon. Preston S. Brooks for the
assault and battery committed on the Hon. Mr.
Sumner. The latter attended, and gave evidence be-
fore the jury.
Later adcices from Central America state that the
election for President of Nicaragua was going on, and
Walker was at Leon. Guatemala is stated to have
sent an army of 3,000 men against Walker, but being
reduced to 500 before crossing the boundary of the
state, the general marched back to the capital.