The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-04 00:00:00

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beanie tereias
Austria. Court be

---
pp double duty
Woo. WO ors proxies

on las ignernme
The blindness of f
books of its writers.
Gann darkness is predominant . this,
in all questions referable to the laws of trade, our inte-
rest plainly is to let all good things come in for our
use as freely as possible. The only reservation is on
behalf of those rights of property, which ought to be
u sacred in the productions of the brain, u in those
of the soli or the steam-engine. To provide
drat— seeraity for all, in any °matey, who
dubs to avail themselves of it, is a duty incum-
bent es as, whether like justice elsewhere be granted
er esimetL And to allow free entrance to all such
C=for the public benefit, is obviously our
Itether elsewhere that mama interest in
Giber aline be regarded or disregarded by their
goveruments.
Towards this state we hope to advance ; and the
treaty just annulus& is a step, though only such a
step as can be made in Mien. Mr. Strui's motion
a+ that all modern foreign, beoks bebbbbbbbbb ad-
mitted &dykes," was supported by Amid ileimbers
who are now in office. If the Free-tea& pansy be
half as prosperous as we anticipate, the modicum of
revenue derived from obstructing the transit et works
of literature and art may soon be divulged with.
Mental productions need then no longer be an reap-
tiontothe general principles of our policy. A genuine
regard for literature will thus be evinced; especially
if the repeal be followed up by that of the duty upon
paper ; and if the last newspaper penny, which Lord
BEOUGHAII, while Lord. Chancellor, called the worst
penny of all, be sent after its predecessors. Mean-
while, we are glad of the instalment, however small,
which this treaty pays, of the debt which Power
owes to Intelligence.

Yoram ENOLAND laments that personal loyalty is
extinct amongst us. The complaint is certainly un-
I founded. The devout respect displayed to the Prince
Consort's trowel at Liverpool is cheering evidence
to the contrary. We are happy to record that the
same flame burns bright in the Channel Islands.
London may be cold, but Guernsey glows. We have
no doubt that Alderney and Sark have their inglorious
Raleigh', who would fling down whatever part of
their apparel represents the Elizabethan cloak, to
save the royal foot from a paddle.
We have not been so much excited since Lord
Chancellor Baotrousm used to write by every night's
post to King WILLIAM the Fouarie, to tell his
?Lunn' how very popular he was, as by the glorious
reception of her MAJESTY'S letter at Guernsey, an
account of which we yesterday extracted from the

Guernsey Star.
Immediately on the arrival of the packet with her
Majesty's letter addressed to the Lieutenant-Governor,
the population of the loyal though limited island was
summoned to assemble next day " to hear her MA-
JESTY'S most gracious message to them on the occasion
of her recent visit, which message the Lieutenant-
Governor had it in command from her Majesty to
deliver as soon as possible." Her Majesty felt the
inhabitants could not wait. They assembled. His
Exeelhasy addressed them.
" hisinseis et Georseettl—taitliful subjects M Queen Victoria—or
the papa enhe groatiria Isaias selMek
witpreat ow the whole
fterdesnlien lefeelete era • lig hedijntri «r eel a
tiled. r rml
to or by
lieworay star& MIMI to Ws nor esars.
grants yea by pries Os Mar. bet Motor that I word' sot
tallar nampses. snow es snail brow rt Qum+ awl her
I taseente assewisi, se hog mete regents' to bet
M yea, t. ask b rra urn; see We mealy ewt is-
The contrast between " Guernsey" and the Whole
Globe is finely imagined. It shows the value of the
island—not to be measured by geographical extent,
and is caludaterl to raise yet higher the well-known
self-respect of her firm and enlightened inhabitants.
The imsgeof the Newspaper Editor standing between
the Qualm and der People is tremendous.
We seem to see a gigantic figure thrusting its huge
balk between the Lieutenant-Governor and the faith-
ful Guernseymen, to intercept the rays of Royal
favour. The Governor's determination, and the reason
of it, "to speak to you myself, and then nobody
could deceive you," is worthy of the historian of the
1 Peninsular war. Of course, the wicked editors were
in a conspiracy to mar and mutilate the Royal letter;
but his Excellency was there with the determination
that the inhabitants should not be deceived. They were
not. Some cold-blooded person had suggested that
the communication should be put off for a day. It was
thought, perhaps, that it might be too much for the
islanders if it came all at once. Royal favours mast
be broken gently. The Governor thought otherwise :
" It was swelled to me that I should pot of this communication
till tomorrow; but the Queen came suddenly, and in lees than twelve
hours= wet= to m
time teeo toe
receive her
then should we reel.r:
uses
As his Excellency proceeded, the enthusiasm of
Guernsey burst out in so noisy a manner as seriously to
interfere with the address. The Lieutenant-Gover,
_ .

nor, with that presence of mind which characterises
the soldier, restored order by a word:
"gle silent, and I win read to you the impression which your MEP-
tics made antler 3Lajesty."
Then followed, not what we confess we antici-
pated when we arrived at this point—at the least a
private autograph letter of Her Majesty, full of
pleasant and confidential enthusiasm, breaking out into
the usual social assurances, " Never spent so pleasant
a day ;" " Charming people ;" " Excessively obliged
for their kindness ;" " Glad to see any of them who
may be in the neighbourhood of Windsor r and so
on—but—the ordinary official letter of acknow-
ledgment from the Home Secretary. How-
ever, what to an ordinary matt might have
seemed a matter of routine, was differently con-
strued by his Excellency. He saw the royal delight
struggling with the cold formality of official terms,
and felt the necessity of an immediate answer. The
poet was closing when the letter arrived! His deter-
mination in this painful emergency was precisely
that of the Chancellor BROUGHAM, when he pro-
mised the good people of Perth that to bed he
would not betake himself till he had written by the
night's post to WILLIAM at Windsor.
I would aot wait. I took upon myself to answer for the people
of Guernsey. I know them well, and certain I was right'
But in case there might be any person or persons who
wished to send a private and personal letter to Her
MAJESTY, to say how happy he or they would be to
see Her MAJESTY, should she be that way again,
the Lieutenant-Governor was prepared to oblige him

or them :
"If any men or say men wish to give hie or their thank* to her
Majesty, tea them draw them sat and give them to me, mid I will
send them ^
This is tree magnanimity !
- - - - • • -

Then followed the
Here, again, we feel disappointed. It reads very
mach like the formal answer to a formal compli-
ment. But when it was read and ratified by the
cheers of assembled Guernsey, the magnanimity
of the Lieutenant-Governor again breaks out :
"I baps," continued hls Ersellency, " that ia what I wrote I ex-
pressed your sentiesenta—lf not, let any one else write a better
acknowledgment, and I will krward It." (Loud cheers.)
His Excellency seems ready to become general
postman between Guernsey and his Sovereign. We
recommend him to have an inscription put up on his
official front door : " Letters or parcels forwarded to
Windsor with care and despateh."
There is only one more incident to be recorded in
this great day for Guernsey. During the reading of
Her Mussrv's letter, the male part of the assem-
blage stood with their heads uncovered. Had it
been an autograph, we suppose they 'would have gone
down on *sir knees.

's answer.

TEE entertainment given at the London Tavern, on
Wednesday, by the committee of the tines Testi-
monial to the proprietary of that newspaper, is an
incident in Engliah Journalism well worthy of record.
A tablet has been erected in the Royal Exchange to
commemorate the services of the JTmes in detecting
and exposing the memorable swindling .theme of

sentatives of the ._.errands);
ra -
and Naples ; in the Levant (Alexandria) ; In the .
west of COLUMBUS'S world (Laguayra) ; in the
utmost limits of Portuguese maritime adventure in
the East (Macao) ; in Cadiz, once the link between
Spain and her golden American empire; and is
Paris, the centre of continental activity, poliri.op
commercial, and intellectual To crown all, there
appeared at the banquet to which we refer, as the
organs and mouthpieces of these representatives of
the world's commerce, the Governor of the Bank of
England, and the chiefs of the houses of Roritsemt.n,
Of BARING, and of Marrxemsw.
The good service which was thus emphatically
acknowledged, richly merited such • tribute. Every
one will sympathise with the natural and just pride
of the Times and its conductors un the occasion. And
every one mast be impressed by the light which the
whale transaction, from first to last, has thrown on
the character and Mans of the English newspaper.
Of the Continental newspapers, the literary is the
predominating, almost the sole feature. In the
English, the commercial element is at least equally
prominent with the literary. We will not take
upon us to say that this has not its occasional dined-
vantages ; but undoubtedly the effect of the
admixture, upon the whole, has been to
give the speculations and intelligence .40 the
London journals, in matters political and who-
mical, a more practical and judicious character.
In literary merit they are not behind them of the
Continent; and, when dealing with practical questions,
they have more of reality, more of the tone of expe-
rienced men of action. It arises from the cordial co-
operation of managers literary and commercial ; each
deferring to the other in his particular department,
and independent in his own ; each giving and re-
ceiving the suggestions derived from his peculiar
position.
There is an aristocracy among the " Houses" of
London analogous to those untitled familiesamong the
landed gentry who boast to have come in with the
CONQUEROR. There are firms in the City which
date from before the Revolution. The members of
these time-honoured institutions who attended at this
banquet, presided over by the chief magistrate of
London, must have felt that the establishment in
Printing House-square was as well founded and
sure to be lasting as their own ; since the
permanence of both was guaranteed by the same
necessity which society has for both, and by the
judgment with which they minister to its wants.
When due honour was properly done to the merits of
Mr. DZLANE and Mr. ALSAGER„ the memory of many
peseemt must have reverted to Mr. BARNES, and those
who, with him, gradually extended and completed the
organisation of the paper, and. by the influence of
their tact and literary talent, created the power which
the others now so creditably wield. Much nonsense
has been spoken and written about the "anonymous"
in English journalism. The names we have men-
tioned, show that the really efficient labourers have
their efficiency acknowledged, and take rank by their
abilities and service. In this country merit may be
slowly acknowledged, but acknowledged it generally
is in the long run ; and a man is esteemed for what
is in him, not for the titular or factitious rank con-
ferred upon him for real or imaginary merits. If the
English journalist is rarely sent to parliament, or
decorated with honours, it is because both he and the
public instinctively feel, that if in the line he has
chosen he:discharges its duties really and efficiently, he
is more powerful than either senator or courtier. The
English journalist is a steady citizen, not a political
adventureetrading on his powers of ready utterance.
Long may he be animated by the homely, resolute,
indomitable spirit, for which, when we would find a
representative in all respects worthy of our national
character, we point to DANIEL Da Foe.
The speeches at Wednesday's celebration were in
extremely good taste. Mr. WALTER blended the
individual tribute and the general claims of the press
with considerable feeling as well as tact, and appears
to have spoken very well. There was no occasion for
jealousy, he remarked. There was certainly:every
reasonable occasion for pride. We cannot but think
the high compliment so deservedly paid to the Times
in this matter an era in English journalism. It is
• world-wide recognition of the profession of the
journalist, side by side with the legal, the mercantile, and
other essential professions. It confers upon him the
freedom of the great corporation of regular and
recognised industry. "It might truly be said,"
remarked Mr. T. BARING, " although occasionally a
modest individual might be the victim of public
exposure, yet in the aggregate there could be no
doubt the fourth estate' exercised its powers with
propriety, ability, integrity, and usefulness, for all
climes of the community." This is no more than
justice. Should it continue to be deserved, it will be
owing to the fact that journalists in England are
considered members of a respectable and respected
calling, and are bound by that consideration to dis-
charge its responsible and onerous duties with con-
scientious integrity and honourable fairness.

WE really have a right to demand explanation
from somebody or something—whether the Paving
Commissioners, or the macadamised bed, or the
Aberdeen granite—of the conduct of the Fleet-street
pavement.
The new pavement, which was to last for twenty-
Ilv'e years, has sunk under the traffic of a few days,
between GOSLING'S Bank and St. Dunstan's Church.
The thoroughfare, as it is called in a bitter irony, is
again to be stopped from Chancery to Fetter-lane.
Owing to the misbehaviour of the somebody or some-
thing in fault, the great stream of traffic is again to
be turned off into Holborn, to Sow back into the
main channel through the feeders of Farringdon-
etreet and the Old Bailey.
We have no doubt the paving commissioners mean
well in their alterations. But Fleet-street unfortu-
nately cannot, like a hotter place, be " paved with
good intentions." Is it impossible to do work, or to
see it done, efficiently and durably? Is the bed
again to blame? There was trouble enough in the
making it, to give reasonable assurance that it would
last. Or is it a deep-laid scheme for forcing on the
Legislature the necessity of their interference to pro-
vide speedy and direct communication between West
and East, fashion and funds, the head and the pocket
of the London body corporate?
Patchwork legislation may be very bad, but
patchwork paving is still worse. As well stop the
whole line of road from Temple-bar to St. Paul's, as
the portion of it between St. Dunstan's Church and
GOSLING'S Bank. Nor has the East-end alone
grounds of complaint. Poor Piccadilly, its entrails
scarce recovered from the probing and disturbing
process of last year, is again under the paviour's
hands, between Half-moon-street and Down-street.
That the stall-keepers and vegetable-dealers of
Clare-market should suffer in silence, is intel-
ligible. They are of what Mr. CARLYLE calls
" the inarticulate." Hat that the aristocratic tenants
of Mayfair should tamely submit to have their courtly
echo degraded into giving back the rattle of plebeian
basses and canaille cabs, is inexplicable. To be sure,
the occupants are most of them out of town ; but the
under-porters in charge should remonstrate. There
the same fearful encouragement to the adventurous
propensities of the omnibus drivers in the narrow
streets about Shepherd's-market, which has so often

put us in mortal fear about Addle-hill and Clemenill-
lane.
- -

Meantime, on the diseased portion of read, the
greatest coolness is displayed by the operatives em-

ihemcire we see and stiffer from these continued
blockades, the more strongly we feel the necessity of
a central Boyd, for resniating the above and below
of our streets. If roadways, gas and water pipes,
and sevrenis; were ender the same control, we should
semi have waseeekswie 'docked Which Would allow
.k
damaged nada : . 40 sop**, and leaky pipes
steeped, witlio.l • op thipereinent. What-
.44.l avermay be tha . lie 4 regard to sewers, why
Ilkoald not 01Prr' ..
• .1011.41itel Irk* bo carried
along by the Mika thwesedwayMi alined channels, a
little above the levittiMitirmthred, which could be
opened to repek,7krpitiajd **Nit itopping the
train of a wheie‘diairktteMeir present thoroughbres
on oat no erPt7,01111414314 ftie traffic whisk
llowi waseletallAMtheatAtOathow of these gase.-
terly obstructimin When slier* open, the Meek
of transit at middayli such as. seriously to intseihre
with businees. But whey Riseadilly and Flestakeet
are bath intemseted=by isipassibir tracts, it beeolass
perfectly impossible to oalculatek‘pw long it may take
a hard-pressed passenger, or a heavy-laden vehicle,
to get from Hyde-park-corner to the Bank. This is
y one, and not the greatest, mischief The injury
to shopkeepers along the interrupted thoroughfares, is
plaberthan the public generally can be awe:eat
• While the present system continues, remonstrates
is of little use. It may, however, awake attention Os .
the means of bringing about a change, and so forward
the establishment of a central street-controlling power.

We have received by express the Paris journals of
Wednesday.
The Chamber of Deputies has completed the nomi-
nation of its officers, with the exception of the
pastors.
The four vice-presidents, Messrs. Bignon, Lepelle-
tier d'Aunay, Hebert, and Francois Delessert, are all
Conservatives. Of the four secretaries, Messrs. De
Bussieres, Oger, Saglio, and Lanjuinais, the three
first are Conservatives, the last a nomination eon-
ceded by courtesy to the Opposition. The choice of
M. Oger seems to have been an act of kindness on
the part of the majority, to console him for the loss
of his rank u Colonel in the National Guard of
Paris, of which he had been deprived by the electors,
in consequence of his votes in the Chamber of
Deputies. None of the secretaries of the last parlia-
ment have been re-elected. _

After the installation of the President and other
officers, and a short complimentary speech by M.
Sauzet, a committee was appointed to prepare the
address in answer to the King's speech, consisting of
Messrs. Muret de Bord, Marshal Duke d'laly, Count
d'Angesffile, M. de Ilarcasses, Vitet, Cousture, Des-
mousseaut de Givre, Count Dejean, and Vicomte
Dar

Di. Capin Gridaine, Minister of Commerce, is con-
fined to his hotel by severe indisposition.
The average prices of corn in France, according to
the official lists, was on the 31st of August 24 francs
15 centimes per hectolitre, 1. e., nearly 21. Bs. the
quarter English. It was only 22f. 75c. on the 31st
of July, which is about 21. 6s. 4d. the quarter.
Mr. Richard Cobden reached Bordeaux on the 30th
ult., and went immediately to the private residence
of the Mayor, where he 11 to stay for a few days.
A grand banquet was to be given to him on Tuesday,
the 2d inst.

Our letters from Madrid of the 28th ult. assert
positively that Gonzales Bravo, the Ambassador from
the Court of Spain to Portugal, has been recalled.
Donoso Cortes, it is said, will succeed him. The
journals are still full of discussions as to the Queen's
marriage, and El Espanol remarks that the French
Cabinet will only consent to the marriage of the
Queen with Don Francisco, on condition that her
Majesty's sister, Donna Luisa, shall be married to
the Duke de Montpensier.
The army of observation has been 'withdrawn
from the Portuguese frontier. The head-quarters is
now at Villalba de Alcon. It was reported that
9,000 men would be concentrated at Zamora.

PARIS, Sinerstinan 2.
The Galician nobleman who has published a letter
to prove that the Poles would be better off under the rule of
Ramie than that of Austria, and who is said to be the Count
or Marquis Wielopolski, a great proprietor as well in the
Duchy of Warsaw as in Galicia, must, at the present
moment, be somewhat embarrassed by the preference which
he has given to the Autocrat. The fierce cruelty of the
Russian government is scarcely, one would think, more
favourable to the Poles than the tor now and perfidious
polic7 of the cabinet of Vienna. You may form your
opinion on the subject by the following facts. The
Emperor Nicholas has just promulgated two ukases,
which have appeared in the official journal of Warsaw.
BT the first he pardons from five to six hundred
criminals; by the second, it is declared that every
person condemned to imprisonment for five years and
upwards shall be transported to Siberia, where half
the punishment shall consist in hard labour, and the
other half be commuted into a residence or compelled exile
for the remainder of the prisoner's life. It is evident that, by
this measure, the emperor purposes intimidation rather than
persecution. It is against the spirit of independence, spinet
the imperishable patriotism of Poland, that he issues this
infernal ukase. In a countr7 where the law punishes with
five and even ten yews' imprisonment a simple observation at
dinner, it is clear that the threat of Siberia applies to the
most ordinary acts of social life. The emperor makes this
too real phantom stalk forth much in the time way that the
Dukes of Alva, under Philip the Second, erected scaffolds in
all the public squares to intimidate the Flemings. But is it
not a crying shame to Western Europe that the martyrdom
of Polish nationality should thus have been prolonged with
impunity during the last fifteen years ? The Cur has torn
from the inhabitants of the Grand Duchy every guarantee
expressly stipulated, under the safeguard of England
and France, by the treaties of 1815. He has destroyed the
constitution; suppressed the Polhill chambers; and over-
turned the judicial and administrative organisation. Every
year the recruiting for the Russian army carries off the
flower of the Polish youth, whom the Au;ocrat sends to fight
and perish at the foot of the Can' asus. Instruction in the
Russian language has been prescribed in the schools, and a
knowledge of that language is made a necessity with all candi-
dates for public situations. Not content with tampering
with education, the Emperor has endeavoured to change the
, religion of the people. All Europe
_is familiar with the
details of this odious persecution, which the Russian govern-
' meat attempts in vain to deny ; and now, behold how in •
country where the judges are executioners, they denaturalise
punishments ! Transportation to a fatal climate is substituted
for imprisonment! After vainly endeavouring to dena-
tionalise Poland, the modern Caligula labours henceforward
to dispeople it. This is the drama at which we coolly look on.
The diplomacy of France and England, so active when some
wretched, obscure island in the middle of the ocean is in
question, is not moved by this blow, struck in the most bar
barons manner, not only at solemn treaties, but at the equi-
librium of Europe. Lori Palmerston has said, in the House
of Commons, that if the powers of the north tore up the
treaties of Vienna on the Vistula, they would authorise other
powers to tear them upon the Rhine and the Po. This is a
mat significant warning, and openly declared, but is it
enough to give warning that a treaty shall not be violated
with impunity, when we are ourselves in the number of the
contracting parties Have we not the right formally to de-
mand the observance of that treaty ? In a century where
opinion and moral force have so much authority, it is an
abdication of our position not to deduce from it all its conse-
quences. The Chamber of Deputies in France protests every
year in favour of the nationality of Poland. -Would it be
necessary for the Chamber to take up the question, if the
free governments of Europe adopted it with greater warmth ?
O.
I have not said anything to-day respecting the deplorable
vote by which the majority of the elective chamber has crowned
its work in the verification of powers. You are aware that
the election of M. Drault has been annulled, under the pre-
text that he had accepted an imperative mandate from the
electors of Poictiers, who, however, will return him again.
But I reserve this subject for a faller exposition hereafter.
M. Delessert has been declared the fourth Vice-President of
the Chamber, ob•aining it by only six vote* beyond the ab-
solute majority.

FILANCE.—THE LATE INCENDIARY FIRM. —The
scourge of incendiarian is now devastating *great part of
Flamm After being, for a long tine, concentrated in the
dibble* of the eamis and the Yonne, it is gradually advanc-
ing its ether ilipmetiments. The catastrophes succeed oath
Whew in the nasal elagetkir and (so way) .rim'ous manner.
At ama time an island dwelling, at anotr a whole yil-
my to the dimes. The.. parts which, after
seemed to have escaped from future
lienema again suddenly the scene of new
dieeinse. In Inatome. the Are has been got
nuke, bid Is the disaster is complete. At
Quintana see Waist and s house were barest
down. It is a ftembt tYi these Ares are in he
bt,,!ed risakieft teisaiengsnes. But who en th., Moen-
diarie, In WU el bassilary fires the into:femme of
justice is n.?"? effisealem Of all crimes, perhaps that of
the incendiary It the OW Which escapes moat freipmatly hunt

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goverimmits ere unjust. II 4" .
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en his book. We suffer by subs& . ... • litaeC. . .-11°.--"14.1. . 'l/41'i - . I 'MI"— . . . _ bArdie:
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of of rueltius' Cambridge. The contributors to • . Isatinsoniak, teueortall two spy Mater.
,e and obedusey of gust's Mem. whose names have from dmirtnihmrappearekere— -- - eene6e a feselris mbar me law."
s government is avenged span the the meet eminent merchants thitbol, in London i If *Snake are in be carried on, they should at lesttem.Ligbt u, obstructed here, be --im-iiiaisbusgh-assi_Cologne (=Man of Abe_ 914.....barlarrierlonsinckly4. andusraahaddinitakanin the
' predominant elsewhere. In this, as Hanseatic 'Anne) tin Oetsest Ina Antwerp (relfe• omtrscts to stipulate for the employment of as many
eferable to the laws of trade, our inns. mutative' of the Netherlands) ; in Florence, Messina, men as can work efikiently on the surface enclosed.
. . .. _ __. ~_:___ ___- :- e.... --- and Nanlea :in the Levant (Alexandria) ;in the far The more we see and suffer from these oonthused