The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-25 00:00:00

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TO CORRESPONDENTS.
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LONDON, S.ITURDAY, OCTOBER N.

Nfssirow, rapid, extreme have been the changes
of fortune experienced by the illustrious guest of
the English nation, who landed on Thursday at
Southampton. 1k has been alternately the leader,
as the former, of a middle class opposition in his
native country, and the sole wielder of that country's
destinies—subject to the surveillance of a timid
government bullied by his and their enemies, repelled
from the shore of France by the unworthy chief of
a free people, and welcomed in England by the
spontaneous ae..laim of an enthusiastic people. His
life has been an alternation of storms and sunny
burst., such as are felt only by ardent and daring
natures like his own—alternations caused or pro-
voked by his impu!sive nature- -alternations which
have helped to develop in him that earnest and
fervid oratory by which be raised, upheld, and
swayed his countrymen. To men like Kosserit the
most glorious bursts of light are sometimes reflected
by the stormiest waves—their most rapturous emo-
tions spring out of the veriest depths of their agony.
The welcome shouts of a free people breaking upon
his ear amid the loneliness of exile, have awakened
—we may not doubt it—by no means the least glad-
some throb his heart known.
Fur liossurtt has a heart that can feel such
homage. lie belongs no more to the class of those
who sway reluctant nations by cold state-craft than
he does to those .• things of sabre sway" who crush
them by the sword. lie is one of those mighty im-
pulsive natures, quick to be moved by his sympathy
with his fellow men, and gifted with a power to con-
vey by burning worts leis own powerful aspirations
into the minds of others, and make them firr the time
capable of like efforts with himself. He has nothing
of the ItICIILLIt es or VAN Wens about him,—men
whit have a greatness of their own ; he has nothing
of the Wi.LLINGTON or Narot.eos,—men who also
have their peculiar greatness; lie is more akin to the
Athenian Orsersritsses, or our own first Ulan's.%
11( in II great elementary power—genial as he is strong.
He may make miscalculations from which the cold, eau-
tioua implicit of the statesman would save him ; but
1w ian impart to a people contagious emotions that will
nerve them to deeds of which no mere statesman
could ever render than capable. Such natures only
are earth!, of combining all ages and either sex for
a great national struggle, inspiring them with the
resolution to stand or fall with their country.
This is the conception of linssirit whiehlis deeds
had impressed upon Englishmen before they saw
him. '1 hey have now seen and heard him, and re-
cognise in him a spirit akin to the great patriots of
their own story; plain and unostentatious in appear-
ance and deportment; only putting forth his strength
when occasion calls for it, and then with a seeming

. .-
unconiwiousness of effort that reveals how great it is.
Kossum surprised liis audience with the mastery he
evinced over their native tongue, but more by :he
identity of his sentiments with those they are accus-
tomed to cherish. The secret of this is that Kossurff
is a true man, and that consequently every true man,
be his race nr nation what it may, finds the best
aspirations ul his own nature reflected in KOSiriff.
Kosst in is not a radical, or a doctrinaire, but a free
man, sympathising with every manifestation of popu-
lar indeissulcine. hiving bed that which, by the
length of its exintence. has apprusell its healthy and
vigorous character. 1k cid( red at once instinctively
into the feelings of Englishmen. and talked to them
of municipal government, the Inuit-fat effects
of eentralination, the true grandeur of a mo-
narchy which, based upon the household virtuen
of a self-aiding people, partakes in a large measure
of their hearty homeliness, just as they would them-
selves have talked had they bean endowed with his
ondorieal gifts. 111 and the English found
throes Ives at ones, on the vary footing of old and
familiar friends.
In many respects the demonstration nt Kossuries
landing resembled others that we have witnessed—
the welcomes given in our great manufacturing
towns to Mhos LEI. and other orators and political
leaden. in the full flush of their popularity. His
being a foreigner made no difference : now as when
IltomwEet. interfered in Iwhalf of the Piedmontese,
Englishmen feel that the cause of liberty in every
land is their own cause. What was peculiar in
the triumphal entry of KOSSI.TII into England
was, its !wire; a tribute to defeated greatness.
It was no bending of the knee before success
and pnwperity. It was a declaration that the
people of England look to the motives of a
man, to the mine he embrace*. and to the powers he
develops in annerting it, not to his good or bad for-
tune. It was the unequivocal worship of virtue for
its own sake. It au./ no weak or womanish condole-
ment, but a manly exprension of symputhy with one
who it was felt had, even in dyke and exile, re-
sources, in his own ntrong mind, and in the recollec-
tion of great deeds worthily achieved, to Isar him up
above despondency. It was alike honourable to the
givers and the reedier. It was an unconscious ex-
pression of faith in the etentity of human virtue and
Iseedum, of an ineradicable belief that any reverses
buffered by eitlacr can only be temperary.

Inv aggregate population of the Australian colo-
nies in is 3:18,0tX1, or considerably short of
half-a-million. It may, therefore, appear to such
poisons as dislike to have dism„,mvable topics pres_•etl
upon their attention. that, whim speaking• us we of
late have rep...m.4ly baind it necessary to do, of the
tendency of the policy pursued by government to
create disaffection in Australia, we gave been attribut-
ing undue importance to there provinces. This,
Louever, would be a sadly erroneous slew of the
matter. .

We apprehend no immediate movement in Aus-
tralia to separate the destinies of that country from
those of the rest of the British empire. What we
few is that the line of conduct obstinately persisted
in by giwernment may infuse into the minds of
these infant communities a dislike of British rule,
and even of British connexion, that will only
be rendered more inveterate by the consciousness of
their present impotence to break loose from it ; that
will consequently .• grow with their growth and
strengthen with their strength;" and that will here-
after lead to an angry sepura.ion. We arc quite
aware that when Australia becomes more populous
it will be impossible to keep the iwople of that con-
tinent in a relation of subordination to the people of
our own islands. The time will come when the re-
lations of all the Anglican communities scattered
over the globe must assume either an international
or a federal character. We believe that either may
be rendered compatible with the power. prosperity,
and prestige of our native land. pew-it/id nothing be
done to rnrovisoste ir, linys 'wards f/se
motber country in thr /writes VUr stah.s or 1110-
einem But we du dread the prospect of a disruption
of the illiperid connexion in anger.
Now the time when Australia will be able, if im-
pelled to such a course by inclination and necessity,
to stand alone, cannot be far distant. The increase
in its population front the end of l8:19 to the begin-
ning of 1851 has been at the rate of 1:0; per cent.
Its population has been more than doubled in the
course of eleven years. The condition of the 1198,000
inhabitants of Australia may truly be called affluent.
In 1418 the aggregate value of the imparts for the
year exceeded two Millions and a half; the aggre-
gate value of the exports was greater than that of
the imports by more than a quarter of a million. The
imports averaged about 71. 1 Is. 0, per head of the
population ; the exports about 8/. 11s. The scarcity
of labour ensures high remuneration to all who are
moderately industrious, and consequently enupetenee
—the enjoyment of more than the mere neces-
saries of life—is equally diffused through society.
Commanities in such a condition could not fail under
any eireumstaneesp go rapidly ahead. The disco-

Toy of gold at diflerent places in the mountain
rangt s which extend from Hunter's River to Spencer's
Gulf -trout the frontier of the Moreton Bay district
to the centre of South Australia. mint of nceessitv
give an accelerated impetus to the progress of the
colonies. The population of Auitmli.t will amount

to a million before smother decade has expired. The
time is rapidly approaching when even those who
are only careful to abstain from offending the strong
will admit the importance of dealing justly with the
Australians.
It is still in the power of the British government
to reclaim the affections of the Australian colonists,
which it would be as unwise as it is impos-
sible to conceal from ourselves have to en alarming
extent been alienated from the mother country. To
accomplish this, it is only necessary to exercise the
imperial authority judiciously, discnminately, and
with due respect to the public opinion and sentiment
of the settlements. By acting thus, they may make
of the future Australia a people linked to this
country by the tics of blood and affection—lnfinitely
stronger than any mere political ties—and of the
present, a harbour of refuge for such of our enter-
prising spirits as find it difficult to get on in the
overcrowded mother country.
An opportunity of convincing the Australians that
the prosperity of their country is the real and sole
aim of the imperial government now offers. The
discovery of a rich good deposit calls for regulations
to ensure its excavation in the way most conducive
to the general interest. The regulations promul-
gated by the governor can only be considered as
interim or provisional. They are, we are free to
admit, as moderate and judicious as could be ex-
pected in his ignorance of the course the home
government may be disposed to adopt. Still, how-
ever, they appear to us to require modifications—
such modifications as can only be effected with the
sanction of the imperial authorities.
The essential features of the interim regulations
arc as follows: No person is to be allowed to dig,
search for, or remove gold from any land, public or
private, unless he has taken out and paid for a
license. Licenses to search for and remove gold
from lands alienated by the crown in fee simplie
will only be granted t the proprietors or persons
holding their written consent. The license fee has
been fixed for the present at 11, lOs. per month, sub-
ject to future adjustment. I'arties applying for li-
censes must be able to prove to the satisfaction of
the commissioner that they are not improperly absent
from hired service. The last condition is in the pre-
sent state of the colony highly proper in a theore-
tical point of view ; whether it will be found possi-
ble to enforce it, may admit of a doubt. But the
three preceding are the essential regulations.
The idea of exacting a license fee from proprie-
tors searching for gold on their own lands originates
in the determination of ministers to assert for the
crown a royalty over all mines or deposits of pre-
cious metals in Australia as in England. W.
much doubt whether the colonists will sub-
mit to the introduction of this rag of feu-
dalism into their country. The results of the
attempt to enforce it in South Australia (and
to extend it to all kinds of minerals) are not very
encouraging. The distinction, too, made between
private and public lands shows that Sir Ctt %Imes
FITZROY and his official advisers are quite sensible
of the difficulty.
One thing is clear, that anything in the shape of a
royalty must be strictly confined to the precious
metals, and exacted and administered upon princi-
ples materially different from those that are recog-
nised here. Mining industry has made rapid pro-
grees in South Australia, where the right of proprie-
tors to open and work mines on their own lands has
been conceded. In Now South Wales where the
right in minerals has been reserved to the
crown, even the working of its valuable
coal deposits has been sensibly obstructed;
and until the recent accidental discovery of the gold
absolutely nothing had been done to develop its mi-
neral resources. We confess we see no reason why
any distinction should be made between the precious
metals and other minerals; but, if any is to be made,
it must be not for the purpose of adding to the wealth
and power of the crown, but fur the advantage of the
whole community. The license fees will be consi-
dered, if the property of the crown, as a reserve fund
which government nay dispose of without consulting
the representative legislature. As such they will be
viewed with jealousy, and the payment of them
constantly evaded. the small miitary force and in-
considerable police of colonies whose population falls
short of half a million will be powerless in the wide
and scarcely-peopled regions over which the gold de-
posit is known to extend.
lotions affecting the search for, and removal
of to be efficacious must be such as the colonists
themselves will sanction and enforce. If, therefore,
license feces are to be exacted, the proceeds must be
allowed to flow into the public treasury, and be
placed at the disposal of the representative legisla-
ture, to be expended for the public advantage. Keep-
ing this principle in view it would appear that some
such overture from the imperial government as the
following would be likely to meet with acceptance in
the Australian colouicuu
First, to repeal all restrictions on the competence
of the colonial legislatures to deal with the local
finances; e. r., to allow them to discuss and fix (sub-
jeet to the approbation of the crown) the civil list
and manage the land fund. Second, to call upon
the colonial legislatures to reserve the land
fund exclusively for colonising purposes, i. e.,
for promoting emigration, opening lines of
communication with the yet unsettled districts,
and similar objects. Third, in the event of
license fern for working deposits of the precious me-
tals continuing to be exacted, to enact that they shall
be held to be part of the land fund.
The policy of exacting license fees for permission
to work mince (or deposits) of the precious metals, is
a question so wide as to require discussion in a sepa-
rate article.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAT EVISSING.

The following composition of the cabinet is an-
nounced as destined to appear in the .31miteur, ;
Interior, 31. Billault ; Justice, M. Casablanca , Fo-
reign Affairs, General Bourjollv; War, General St.
Arnaud; Public Instruction, 31. Fortoul; Finance,
M. Ilucos; l'ublic Works, 31. Bineau; Commerce,
M. Targot ; Marine, M. .acrosse. NI. Arrighi de
Padone is said to be appointed Prefect of the Seine,
and 31. de Maupaa Prefect of l'olicc.
In the meeting which took place last night of the
legitimist party it was resolved unanimously to op
pow an energetic and persevering resistance to the
new policy of the President. For this purpose it
was agreed that arrangements should be made 80 as
**produce the adhesion of the other fractions of the
oosjority to the same policy. It was determined that
the demand for the total abrogation of the law of
31st May should be rejected with unanimity.
The representatives of the democratic opposition
held a meeting yesterday in a room of the Legisla-
tive Palace, which was presided by NI. V. Hugo.
All agreed that their colleagues in the country ought
to be urged to return to Parts before the re-opening
of the Assembly.
31. Corti., judge of the Paris Court of Appeal, is
cited to appear before the Court of Caseation on the
sth November. It may be remarked that M. Carre
was in the office of the Voir flu Proaerit when the
police entered to search for papers connected with
the French-German plot.

The treaty of the company of the submarine tele-
graph has *been signed by the Minister of the In.
tenor.

M. de liatzfeld. the Prussian ambassador, is ex-
pected to arrive in Paris this evening.
Numerous arrests continue to be made in the de-
partments of the ('her and Nievre.
Several prefects are said to have sent in their re-
signations.
The Cosistifutiumiel notices as follows the article
of the /Winds on the subject of the candidateship of
the Prince de Joinville fur the presidency of the re-
public:

The article in the round des 141sats yesterday has been
made the suhiect of much comment. V. e think that it has
produced an etfe.et contrary to what was intended. The
lh sats, doubtl, ssPIM to throw light on a fact, or rather
on a cate of thin•; but it must permit us to say that it
has only succeeded in rendering it more &ware. Thc article
has givin rise to the most opposite interpretations. Accord-
ing to some, the of of it was to maintain and confirm
the candidateship of the Prince de loinville, while others
say that it is a di avowal and a withdrawal of it. The
former say—Sisre the declaration, according to which the
prime make known that he was at the disposal of France,
is rou,wed, or rather maintained, the candidateship is
th rehire maintained. The latter said—This declaration
C.lllllot be in riously taken for a manifesto. A manifesto is
something clear. Th. 11.*6rtts, moreover, speaks of an
ere dna, candidateship. An es entitality is not a fact. The
Ifaarts Lilacs adtuits that the candidate,hip of the Prince
de Joinville would be of a nature to render the unity of the
parliamentary majority mare difficult; that principally
signifies that it would more the legitimists. Therefore,