The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-19 00:00:00

s‘,N•

Minister of MariOliveira,
ministerortik,
It was believed, also, that Count Motu, „cot
Saldanha's Cabinet.
This coup d'itat was perpetrated with the
promptitude, and almost without bloodshed,
the troops quartered in the city had risen, civilians were killed. A lieutenant of
gnus:
killed by his own serjeant ; but whether by
or not is not known. The troops quart,
of -7
citadel had held out against them red it
easures Queen for some time, until bribed to give tk eit
sent to them. The whole country is a prey to
and confusion; and bribery seems everywhete
order of the day. The Queen's popularity, per,
great, is completely at an end ; and one °{4vuiers of the King (a Getman) has been
threatened with assassination. Some Spasl4
diers, who had sought protection from the ist
meat, were transferred to a seventy.,
gun-ship, they having been found in cones.
ence with the revolutionary faction, sad
Portuguese officers had been refused pee 6,
to enter the frontier of Portugal from the 6
tion of Vigo, at a place called Valesca. Thebes
of the press had been suspended, and the keroi, I
de Septembro had appeared on half a sheet only.
The fears excited in Spain relative to an oldie
against the present government, had caused the te
eentration of the whole of the Spanish di„palti
force, viz., one frigate, two corvettes, fire bties one steamer, at Ferrol. Despatches had 4,7; „, '
warded to Sir Robert Wilson at Gibraltar, from o
Bulwer, at Madrid, the result of which had hem
sending out at early dawn of a strainer after Ad*,
Sir William Parker, who had sailed in the the westward.

Her Majesty's war steamer Cyclops, which Tei,
Southampton a few hours later than the chitty-7i
Lisbon the day after the Queen. She beats, it is ic,4
important government despatches. Lord
Walden, English Ambassador at Lisbon, has cettx
in her to England.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Silt
Since my letter of the 27th, an important dgib
has taken place in the cabinet. The aged Grand rr
Raouf Pasha has resigned, and Reshid Pasha has :t
advanced to that high dignity. The place of Xenia
Foreign Affairs, vacant by the promotion of habit P
will be filled b 7 Ali Effendi, late under secretary of gut.
partment. Alt Effendi had the chief management offish
affairs in the interval between the disgrace of Rim eas h
recall of Reshid Pasha, and lately, during the Sultan's,a,
age in P.oumilia, discharged vicariously the concuss. 44,
Effendi. He is highly spoken of by all parties, is a Nat
strict integrity, excellent abilities, and close applatima
business ; and ia, without doubt, the fittest parson That
have been chosen to succeed Reshid. An instant:eat/04
highly creditable to Ali Effendi, and extremely rare oil
Turkish functionaries, deserves not to be forgotten. 14
the fall of Rim, his high appreciation of the charade(
Iteshid Pasha, and the need which he felt cf doine
jaFioa
th is genuine sent iment of admiration, promptedluratodete
to the Sultan that he could not consult the interests of bisec
pire better than by recalling Reshid Pasha from his him.
able exile as ambassador at Paris, and putting InUn atheist
of foreign affairs, an arrangement which necessarily Mai*
his own retirement. Thus he laboured assiduously::
himself appointed to an inferior post, that his counts, •
have the benefit of the talents of a great man ; and ditto
ruinous system of state-robbery which he had Isamu
under the administration of Rio, might effectually la
an end to.

I believe that I mentioned to you at the time of Meta
tan's voyage, that even then there was a design on kyr',
elevating Reshid Pasha to the post of Grand Vizier, in nil
that the scope of his power might be enlarged, so utoba
down the opposition which he encountered from the nun
of the cabinet hostile to reform, led by Khosref Pats, m
deal freely with those questions of internal adannivang
which fall more especially under the province of the Gnal 1
Vizier ; for that functionary Las the supreme civil extra
over all internal affairs, as the Sheik-al-Islam has the •
preme religious. He is the Home Minister and High Clia
cellor of the empire; and in time of war or intestine trellis
his office is commonly united with that of Graud &Talk
But of late years the office has fallen into o.wuzily, set
been administered by feeble minds ; and the power tl.at is
wielded with so much effect by Mehemet Itertid
Izzet Pasha, fell in the hands of Ran(
mere pageant. The office hung loosely about are
feeble old man, like too large a gown. But NOW we =slat
to all its extensive privileges being fully asserted, to all ■
large drapery, as it were, being well filled out, and en
with becoming majesty. While the promotion of Estill
Puha to the highest office in the state augurs well bras
progress of improved government, its significance is Mails
in a party point of view. It shows that he enjoin the SU
tan's favour and confidence in the highest degree; andtha
the power of the opposition party as, for the moment a
least, not in the ascendant, as it was lately, from the haw
tion of Riza to n place in the cabinet, supposed to be. 1k
latter set are mainly composed of Riza, Kbosref, sad Nis
Pashas ; while Reshid is firmly seconded by Ahmed Teti
Pasha, the Sultan's brother-in-law, and Au Effendi. The
main ground of difference between these parties relates a
the political position of the myelin, towards whom itis ml
known that Reshid Pasha desires to adopt a liberal prim.
and to relieve them of some of the disabilities under all
tbsey at present labour; which the other party are •
thoroughly opposed to all concession Utile Orangemen war
to Catholic Emancipation. Now, whatever may be the hurt
either of the rival statesmen, whose names have been so law
familiar to the readers of Turkish politics as the watchwria
of progress and barbarism, who figure before the Bri6t
public with more or less of truth, as the Oromasdes sal
Ahrimanes who divide the destinies of the Osmanleessas
represent the antagonist principles of light and dirties
reason and prejudice, liberty and deny otism in this Ottawa
region, I say, whatever the fate of these two " mighty opp
sites " may be, any man who has looked upon what Its
been doing in this part of the world for the last twenty
thirty years, and sees what is going on now, ainnot enterai
the shadow of a doubt with respect to the proximate elms
cipation of the rayahs. Whether the Sultan's ear be is at
keeping of Reshid er of Rica, one fact is sufficiently ended
that the rayahs are marching towards emancipation at a gore
round pace: and no accident within the range of probability
can prevent them from soon reaching the goal. In Eats
peon Turkey they surpass the 0-manlees in numbers, wealth,
and knowledge. It is idle to suppose that such element e
of superiority can be long kept down by a brute militus
domination. The most potent Pashas are over head and anis
debt to Armenian serati ; the trade is in the hands of the
Greeks ; whole provinces are peopled by Selavonians,and ULU
tenths of the manual labour, operative or agricultural,,
performed by these Christian races. With these facts sting
one in the face—with the head-fact of their gaining mtrnrth
and prominence with the arrival of every fresh steamboat. it
is not possible for any man in his senses to imagine thst the
' Christians in Turkey can remain long in their present rtes
of political degradation. The only question, as coneems the
rival statesmen, is whether Christian emancipation is to be
gradually brought about by judicious concessions on the put
of the Csttoman government, or whether it is to be smug
from the Osmanlees by the external pressure of Christ's
Europe, or possibly by internal rebellion, in case the latter
should not be sufficiently stringent. Reshid Pasha is the
man to stave off the evils with which the latter alternative
threaten Turkish society. Such men as Rita vainly Unseal
they can rule by bayonets, and secure the continuance al
Moslem supremacy, even in defiance of Europe, by an In
=ease standing army. That game might do a century terk
but at this time of day is merely desperate.
Without doubt, one of the first reforms that will eagle
the earnest attention of Reshid Pasha, in his new positing;
concerns the administration of justice in the courts of law
The insufferable pretension of excluding Christian evidence
from the Mahometan courts hu been taken tip strongly
the English minister ; and it is incumbent upon our
dignity no longer to endure the existence of this absurd sad
presumptuous anomaly in Turkish law : through the °peti-
tion of which a Turk may murder a British subjeet silt
impunity. The vile system of perjury which is daily pit
action before these barbarous tribunals, which rejects
Christian's testimony upon oath as incredible, I have lad
occasion to expose to you in a preceding letter. The time is
most seasonable for urging this question, now, while the
fresh honours of lteshid Pasha are worn in their newest
gloss. The ebb of favour may bear thia,boon to the Christina,
now so opportune to the diplomatic grasp, out to sea again,
and they may have to wade through many difficulties to pt
it. But more than all the concernment of our nations'
honour in the question forbids the abandonment cf it obi
satisfactorily settled.
The Hatti Sherif appointing Reshid Pasha, Grand Vizier.
has nothing in particular to distinguish it from similar duns
ments of this kind. Yet one passage deserves notice. Tin
new Grand Vizier is enjoined to bestow particular attention
upon the army, the new university, and all that relates to
public instruction, these being the main objects of the
Sultan's solicitude. He is also commanded to maintain
good understanding with Khoeref Pasha, Grand Seradd, vs'
the other ministers.

GERMANY. —FROM me ELBE, Oct. J.—The
last manifestation of the conjoint opgrations of the three
northern powers, in consequence of the Polish insurrection
will be a collective note to the cabinets of St. James and of
the Tuileries, in which they will give a categorical molt
to the questions put to them by those two goverame*o
This answer will refer to no other event than the occupsto4
of Cracow, as the treaty of Vienna is the only point al
question. What took place in the Grand Duchy of Poses
and in Poland, forms part of the internal policy 0. the•thre.
states, and no foreign power has the right to call themo
account. Well informed persons assert that the note *
worded in a manner to satiss- the constitutional poem
_,
whose attention is now absorbed by the affairs of Spat* 0°
Germany, and that they will regard the Polish question 0
settled, at least for some time to come.
ArSTRIA.—VIENNA, OCT. 11.—News was received
at Vienna on the 10th of the serious indisposition of tilt
Archduke Palatine of Hungary. Another courier arrived
in the night, saying that the illness had taken a most serious
turn. Great anxiety was felt at court, and a courier was 01,'
mediately despatched to the Archduke Stephen, at Icoug-
gratz, and the Archduke Charles left at two o'clock in the
afternoon in a special steamer for Ofen. H.R.H. the Pru**
of Prussia leftl icons, on the 10th.
GeLIcIA.—LEMBERG, OCT. 6.—The assertions
that the peasants of Galicia had returned to order k. no*