The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-24 00:00:00

gilt Oporto.

to 23+. Peas, 193. to 225. Barley, malting, per qr., 365. to
371.; Wilkie', 3204. to 345. Oats, 24,. to 30..
Stocaron-on-Taal, Sept. 22.-The supply of Wheat
from the farmers this masuing was very lugs, for which
extravagant rates were geaszolly demanded. The whole,
however, was shared of at last week's prime. For, old
Wheat we had a fair inquiry, at late rata. A fair *apply
of Oat., and in good dimresM, at the rates of this day weak.
Beau and Peas without alteration in value. Rye Meal
costumes in good demand. Flour reusing without
change. The following are the current prices: Wheat,
per qr. of 631bs. to the bushel, south misery, red, 69a. to
615.; mixed, 615. te 625.; white, 63a. to 86e. ; old, red, 575.
to 61s. ' • white, 69.. to 635. ; Durham and Yorkshire red,
6k. to 61s. ; white, 61s. to 65..; Berwick and &etch,
665. to 61e. ; Dantsic, Stettin, and Konigsberg, Nu to 64a. ;
Mecklenburg and Pomeranian, 595. to 61a. ; He
Danish, and Hamburg, 69e. to 611.. Flour, fine, per isAslsl
2801 b., 43e. ; superfine, 475. Rye Meal, 71. 1017; 44.7.
Oats, feed, 245. to 265. •, potato, 28s. to 305.; 225.
to 28s. Beans, old, 48s. to 50e. Peas, boilers, 44e. to -
Imports of Grain during the put week Wheat, 844 qrs. ;
Oats, 70; Indian Corn, 15.
WORKINGTON, Sept. 22.-Though the gathering in of the
crops has been completed is this quarter, the supplies of ,
Wheat and Barley were short at this day's market, owing
SO the farmers being busy with their Potato crop, whieh
abundant, and free from disease. Wheat was at an advance
efts. over last week's prices. New top, 245. per Carlisle
bush., down to 19s. Barley, none. Oats, new, 10a. to 104.64.
LIKIRIOI, Sept. 22.-Since Sunday we have bad wet
weather, which prevented farmers thrashing Wheat; conse-
quently the supply at market to-day was small ; the attend-
ants, dimples , sod prices advanced Id. to Id. par et.
Oats emu pretty to market, and met ready sale, at
id. to. IL per Vety little Barley offering.
Indian Cern get[ aster, and Indian Meal in brisk de-
mand, the former 10e. to 20s. per ton, and the latter at
101. to 15s. per advance. Flour in good request.
Wheat, red, per sine, ls. 2d. to ls. 4d. ; white, ls. 31d. to
le. 5d.. Oats, par anew, 914. to 10d. Barley, per stone, 9d.
Indian Corn, per ten, 91. 10s. Indian Meal, 101. bs.
Indies Meal, per barrel, 17s. American Flour, per banal,
325. ; Irish, per bag. 40s.
NZWIT, Sept U.-The stocks of the millers being very
much reduced, prim of most articles have continued to ad-
vance, and the demand is at present very brisk. White
Wheat yesterday sold at 10s. 9d. to lbs. per cwt. ; and red at
10.. 64. to to.. Bd. Oats advanced to 104 d. to 1016. per
atone ; and prime Barley sold at Ts. per cwt. The Supply of
all kinds was small. Flour remains without Almaden in
price, but many of the mills are altogether out of stocks,
from the long continuance of the dry weather. As, however,
we have had a seasonable supply of rein, and the English
markets arc exhibiting an advancing aspect, this will not
not long be the cue. Indian Corn Meal has advanced to
10s. 6d. per cat., for both descriptions of white and yellow ;
and barrels sell at 20e. each. American Flour remains at
32.1 per banal ; and machine-manufactured Oatmeal at 14s.
per cwt.
WATERFORD, Sept. 22.-At this morning's market we had
a large show of Wheat and Oats, which readily found buyers ;
the former at a decline of 3d. to 6d. per barrel from the prices
of Saturday list, and the latter at the currency of that day.
Indian Corn and Meal are both dearer.
EDINBURGH, Sept. 22.-The supply of all kinds of grain
from the growers at this morning's market, with the ex-
ception of Beans, was large. Wheat met a brisk sale at an
improvement of 2.. per qr. on old, and 4s. per qr. on new.
Foreign Wheat was also is good demand, and a fair extent
of business was done at 2e. to 3s. per qr. over the currency
of this day week. Barley was a free sale, at an advance of
Is. per qr. Oats continue in request, and a clearance was
easily effected at an improvement of 2s. per qr. There is
more inquiry for Beans and Peas at late rates. Wheat, new,
top, 70s. ; average, 60s. I Id. ; old, 665. ; average, 61s. 6d. ;
general average, 61s. Id. Barley, 37e. M.; average, 33..5d.
Oats, 345.; average, 295. I Id. Beano, 515.; average,47s. 11d.
GLASGOW, Sept. 22.-From Canada and the United State@
upwards of 16,000 barrel' Flour have been imported since
the date of our last report; but with the exception of about
1,600 qrs. Wheat from the former country, the arrivals of
grain in the Clyde, and via Orangemeuth, have been quite
trifling. The weather continues very unfavourable for the
completion of harvest work in the late districts of this eoun-
try, and in the north and west of Ireland, where a large
breadth of Oats is still in the fields. An active consumptive
demand has been experienced throughout the week for old
Wheat, fine qualities of which are becoming scarce.
Good descriptions of red have been most wanted,
for mixing with new SmAtch, and a further advent*
of Is per boll upon last week's prices has been established.
Sweet Flour has readily brought 31.. per barrel ; bat a great
proportion of the recent arrivals is out of condition. The
absence of supplies of new Oats from Ireland, and the bare-
ness of the market of old suitable for milling, has enabled
holders of foreign to obtain a further advance of about
2a. per boll, and 2.5. to 3s. per load upon Oatmeal. In the
value of Barley, Beans, and Peas no change has occurred.
This day's market was well attended; but the advance
above noted was reluctantly complied with, and only a
limited business occurred. Irish new Oats and Barley are
wanted, but supplies ere tardy in coming forward. Wheat, per
2401 b,., English, white, crop of 1846, 29e. to 315.; red, old,
28s. to 295. ; 1846, 28s. to 30s. ; Scotch, white, D
1846, 275. to
. 295. • Irish, red and white, 1846, 265. to 27e. • antzic,
old, 28s. to 31s. ; Pomeranian, old, 26.. to 295. ; 1846, 275. to
295.; Danish,Old,26s. to 285.; 1846, 265. 641. to 28*. ; Odessa,
soft, old, 255. to 285. ; Canadian, old, 255. to 28s. ; United
States, old, 275. to 295. Barley, per 3201 b., foreign, free
Danish, 1846, its. to Be. Oats per 2641bs , Berwick
and Scotch, 1846, 18.. to 20s. ; prepared Irish, 1846,
19.. 6d. to 204. ; foreign, Riga, 1846 20s. to 21s. 6d.
Danish, 1848, 19s. 66. to 20s. Bean's, per 4 imperial
bushels, English, 1846, 24a. to 265.; foreign, 1846, 235. to
245. ; Irish, per 260 lbs., 1846, 245. to 2.65. Egyptian, per
280Ibs.' old, 19s. to 204. Peas, per 2801 k., white, 1846,
204. to 231. ; grey, 1846, 20s. to 22e. • .-.:anadian, 1846, 20s.
to 225. Flour per 2801b5., English, superfine, 1846, 425.
to 44e. ; Irish ditto, 1846, 401. to 42e.; fine, 1846, 395. to
405. ; extra choice qualities, 1846, 445. to 465. ; American,
per barrel, sweet, old, 304. to 31s. • Canadian, sweet, old,
295 to 30s. ; sour, old, 255. to 26.. Oatmeal, per 2801b5.,
Irish, 1848, common cut, 345. to 36a. Indian Corn, per
2801h5., 19s to 21s.
CONSTANTINOPLE Sart. 6.-The only transactions of the
past week have been akw ton of A. hard wheat for the Archipe-
lago. Some 30,000 kilos of barley have been mil for Africa. Asof
hard wheat
leison 21 to es ; Bemerabia, 30 to SI ; Roomette, 17 to 18.
Boft wheat, mella, 13 to 16 ; lessee do., le to 19. Indian corn, 10
to 12. Barley, el to 81. 9 Rye, to 10. Oats, 3to SI. Freights are
merely nominal. After the news from England of those enormous
failures noose here would think decoding home a kilo of wheat.

CATTLE, &c. SMITHFIELD, Two o'Clock.
We bare a large supply of inferior Beasts, and trade is ex-
ceedingly dull ; all kinds are lower than on Monday, the beat
quentitiee suffers reduction of about 2d. per 81b., and second-
rate 44. Many of the latter remain unsold. There are
nearly 600 from Holland and Germany, 100 from Ire-
land, and 150 Mach Cows. The number of Sheep is
very much increased i the majority of 'the supply,
however, oonaista of foreign and inferior quality. Trade is
very dull, at reduced prices: several remain unsold. There
is also a largo supply of Calves,. and trade rather worse.
Pigs are mike lower in price, owing to the warm weather
and a Imre dellply. From Holland and Germany we have
4.330 llinip. ail 212 Calves.
L llmetaliPt la.
'6. 46
flunratlVl,..fbrab..o. d*
VI
DM 4 4 4 lkoll loarwooa. .. . 4 4
wi sealer Dertm 2 3 I Do. do. Morn .. .. 0 0
...... 4 4 6 Eau sad wood quality 4 4
4 6 0 Do. do. MOM ......0 0
!tom iiii. i iiiiiiiiai E 1 4 Lambs . 0 0
Orb awed" 1.1112 :lbespied WOO ; Claw.. 437 : Pk.. 330

Biesszarx, 12.—Them was a good show of both
Barb eel OW', but Dominos wu dull, and a pert of the
desk rinsimed unsold. Beef, 6s. to 6s. 6d. per none. Mat-
tom, 6d. to 60. per lb.

NEWARI, Sept. 21.—Our fat stock market was very
thinly supplied with Beef and Mutton, and last week's quota-
tions barely maintained. Beef, 65. 6d. to 7e. per atone.
Mutton, 6d. to 7d. per lb.
ROTHERHAM, Sept. 20.—We badvery large show of
Beasts, and of Shoop a pretty good supply. The attendaaos
of buyers was numerous, 111111111 owed the Beef Ueda to
rule middling brisk i but the Mutton trade ruled very doll,
and last week's proves were bard to be obtained. Part
toned out unsold. Beef, 6a. 6d. to 7s. Mutton, 6d. to 646.
per lb.
SALFORD, Sept. 22.—We We tolerably well supplied
with stork to-day, and the quality improved as compared
with late supplies. The demand for really superior Bee and
Mutton continues good, and for such late prices were ob-
tained ; but for inferior qualities, of which there was a large
supply, decidedly layer rates were accepted; and besides,
large number* of such driven away unsold.

WALEPIRLD, Sept. 22.—There were 600 Beasts and 6,600
Sheep. Scalene wu heavy, and a large part of both Besets
and Sheep remained unsold. Beef, 61. Ekl. to 6.. 6d. per et.
Mutton, 6d. to 6td. per lb.

For Yesterday's Marhas itle last par.

SHIPPING.

MMES ARRITID. Dublin, 3; Waterford, 2; Dote.
ghadee, 1; Guernsey sad Jersey, 1 ; French, 1; Flaadere,
1; Hamburg, 1.
LONDON, Sept. 24.—Wind this day at noon W.N.W.,
light breeze and cloudy.
DEAL, Sept. 23.-8. W., moderate.—Arrived : Monarch,
Panama. Arrived from the river : Heroine, Cape of Good
Hope; Abbotsford, Quebec.
SHOREHAM, Sept. 23.—W.S.W.—Arrived: Lady C•
line, St. John's, N.B. The Emma hes been got off shore,
and into the harbour.
PORTSMOUTH, Sept. 23.-8.8. W. to W.S.W.—Salied:
Mail, Newport and Mauritius ; William Jardine
Cowm, Sept. 23.-B.W.—Arrived : Achilks, =jib
Cuba.
DERTYOUTH, Sept. 23.—The Alfred, of sal he Wow
ford, from Geist:, was abandoned on the 26th alt., hug. U; .
crew saved.
KIRKWALL, Sept. 20.—A ahip'e boat, marked "Betty mil
Hermann, J. H. Schmidt Won Lubeck," was picked up,
about five weeks ago, off the north side of Westray.
Bleunema, Sept. 20.—Sailed: John Barker, Boston.
CLYDE, Sept. 2.2.—Arrived : Shamrock, New York.
Sailed: Potentate, Singapore.
SHIELDS, Sept. 23.-8. W., fresh.—Sailed: Sumatra,
Boston, A.
Sr. Meßoeines Kora, ORKEINT.—The Firth/At, which
stranded 7th foal ea the Woad of Stream gos off on the I Itb
into Bordeaux. !be NOINAti et Doleiss, drove 011 shore
in Widwall Roadq tot b sipubdillbeldsout much damage.
ingsmoft
YARMOUTH, Sept. 211.—n0 a Jantina, Archangel
to Boulogne, km arrived New will diechargd.
The Britannia, al' castle for London,
foundered the 17th Plamborongh Head; crew
saved.

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tirise, willlre awls up ea the weeds et the tth October.

TO COMISTONDINTS.
...• &arralmre. bliniall flr Tr /Ppm" lArra crab( . irre be
rOa Orm.lo. learyieryyr. by 'fro V.M.! y• Ur bayr primers.

NITS WATTS AT LOITDON•11111D611.
TAN D•2-12rATLA 19 2.12. Art I Aftwana. 41 Ws. pre 1.
T..m —winip& 2 els. put 2. Mumma. IS Mi. past I

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 24.
THE Penitentiary Congress, held in the capital of
Belgium, seems not to have shown a dissentient
voice in condemning the system of labour in
common during the day with strict injunction and
enforcement of silence. Absolute seclusion by night
and day, except from the visits of authorities and
keeper', seems with few exceptions the predominant,
and almost undisputed system, which the learned in
these matters have decided upon, at least for the first
term of a penal period. •
It is evident that there exists in all societies, and
more especially in such complex and luxurious socie-
ties as ours, strong temptations to the formation of a
parasite class, which instead of making part of the
industrious community, feeds on it by means of rob-
bery and crime. This class, like all societies, soon
comes to have laws, habits, a test of respectability,
gradations of rank, a law of honour, principles, and
morals of its own. In their code and in their habits
dwells the tiros, the poison, which is still a source and
a bond of life to the class. The tree and only way
to destroy this virus and to get rid of this social
poison, would be to prevent, if not the existence of
thieves, at least their general and undisturbed associa-
tion. It is net the isolated crime or criminal
that is to be feared so much as the community
and general spirit of a class, professionally commit-
ting such acts. , The entire attention of the public,
of its thinking and its practical men, at present is
directed towards curing those members of the cri-
minal association, most impregnated with the poison,
and forming the worst cues. To the extirpation of
the virus itself, towards preventing the association by
which it lives—to this, so far from the efforts of so-
ciety or of the police being directed to it, the habits
of the latter rather encourage the association, merely
from the facilities which it affords for the capture
of great perpetrators, of those who are ripe and accom-
plished, and fully graduated in crime:
. .

We feel confident that no sensible check will be
put to the existence and extension of crime in this
country without a systematic combat against' and
check upon, the formation of societies of criminals. Aa
any attempt to do this would menace the undisturbed
liberty of even the honest and industrious, it may be
long before the latter will consent to such inquisition,
and restrictions, and precautions, as may be necessary
to prevent a vagabond life, and crush crime in its very
bud. But as our society progresses, and its numbers
increase, of which there is every prospect, without the
means of livelihoodand subsistence augmenting in pro-
portion, we most come at last to the true preventive
system, if honesty is not to be eaten up by the com-
pany which its prosperity and exclusiveness beget.
One mode of prevention, by the opening of juvenile
asylums, we have already dwelt upon, and consider
most important; for were the criminal aasociationa to be
deprived of their recruits in the rising generation, they
would even decay. But this, though much, is not
sufficient.

We have used the metaphor of considering cri-
minal habits and principles as a rirus. It is evident
that the authors of our prison discipline and penal
laws take the same view. Separate confinement is
employed and universally recommended, as the most
efficient means of completely expelling the virus, and
cleansing the mind of bad habits and bad principles.
But unibeinalebrli=sof separate confinement
cannot create odor or habits capable of
actuating and prianying a free member of society.
The prisoner gets Weed new habits. But his mo-
tive, the ineeftlele and iron one of coercion and
necessity, is auk the moment it is removed, it
exposes man saes s will, reduced to their weak-
est power, to and trials, for which prison
discipline, as it . furnishes no defence.
4n
On this subject we merely repeat doubts, without
making so bold as to contradict or to censure.
For we cannot rest satisfied under the conclusion
that separate confinement has been fairly tested. The
results of Pentonville. or of any other pet prison of
picked criminals, were they even more satisfactory,
would not completely eatislY us. The ensuing year,
however, will afford ample means of judgment,
preparations being made and the system being about
to be tried in numerous prisons and localities, and
upon the mass of the condemned of this country, of
all ages, tempers, and conditions.
The great labours, indeed, of the eminent statesmen
directing this reform are based evidently more on the
probationary system, which is to follow seclusion, than
on seclusion itself. In the probationary stage a ve7
contrary principle is to be tried. Sheer necessity is
to be no longer the only motive of action. That
great philanthropist, MACONOCHTE, is to intro-
duce his elements of hope and fear, reward
and privation, the freedom and elasticity of the
will, amidst the daily tasks of the probationer,
whe after all, and after having recovered some
command over himself, is still not to be exposed to
the manifold temptations of English crowded life,
and above all to contact with the original virus in
the intensity of its place of birth. All these reme-
dies employed together, that is, successively, seem
well imagined to ensure the beat results. But we
must own, we expect much more from the probation-
ary than from the secluding portion of the punish-
ment, even although past experiments bear witness
to the success of Ole seclusion, and to the universal
failure of every hitherto tried system of probation.
That this great experiment is to take place at home,
under the publihirezigsga matter of congratulation.
The reasons for • this are so fully stated in
a recent lump et on " Convict Discipline," that it
would be idle to recapitulate them. It would, how-
ever, be vain to deny, that even this, like the proba-
tionary system altogether, is an experiment, and that
the great change of substituting a system of secondary
=kme, founded on reason, for the old hap-
anntsd every way corrupted practice of trans-
portation, depends also materially upon the result of
the measures about to be employed.
In one respect, humanity overcame the predilection
of the Brussels congress for separate confinement.
This was the exemption of young criminals from its
rigid • n, and the substitution almost at once
for =ion of the really probationary system of
agricultural labour employed in La Mettraye, and
similar establishments. If such schools u La
Mettraye could be founded every where, there would
indeed be little need for juvenile uisoos ; but where
are each men to be found as M. de Mtrr„to bring
and to devote the highest faculties of zeal and intelli-
gence to a task which to most men must be irksome
and ingrate ?

lirritiarro, in the outlines we have drawn, with
the design of connecting the points really bearing on
the so-called " railway question," the interest con-
cerned has been dealt with ass whole. To render
our sketch in every way ()ample* it will, however, be
necessary to show of what elements this aggregate
consists. In no respect has misrepresentation, or mis-
apprehension, been greater, or more general, on any
topic belonging to this debate, than in the qualities
ascribed to the railway body as it now exists. All
the epithets of reproach, all the railing common-
places
applied to wealth—by those who covet its pos-
session and envy its possessors—are used as terms of
course when this body is spoken of, whether
in parliament or by the press. The masses of capi-
tal of which it 11 composed catch the vulgar
eye, and the whole property combined of many ingre-
olients is treated off-hand as though it were the hoard
of a single individual, amazingly rich, too rich, in-
deed, for public endurance, too rich to feel a large de-
ductionirom his immense revenues, or to be an object
'of pat: whatever loss may be inflicted upon him for
the convenience of the many.
We shall not here inquire whether, supposing the
assumption correct, it would consist with either justice