The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-28 00:00:00

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LONDON, SATURDAY, AUG. 28.
Tux proceedings of Count RADErxxxv and Marshal
AUERSPERG, at Ferrara, call for unqualified repro-
bation. By the 103rd article of the treaty of Vienna
the Emperor of AUSTRIA reserved the right to place
garrisons in the citadels of Ferrara and Comachio.
The Roman court protested in vain against this viola-
tion of its rightsof territorial sovereignty ; but hitherto
the Austrians have at least had the decency to confine
themselves within the precincts of the citadels, and
this is in exact accordance with the words of the
treaty. On the 17th of last month, however, under
pretext of some squabble between the citizens and
troops, a body of Austrian soldiers marchel Into the
town of Ferrara, and patrols were kept moving about
the streets, in spite of the protest of Cardinal CIACCIII.
The Austrian ncroachmenta did not stop here.
Marshal AVERSPERG addressed •

On the Bth inst.
letter to the Cardinal-g,. _...0r expressing surprise at
Geeing the post at the prison entrusted to the national
guards, and intimating his intention, if this arrange-
ment was not changed, to occupy the principal 'guard
with Austrian troops. And his unjustifiable demand
not being complied with, the marshal, by the orders
of Count RADETZKEY, actually put his threat in
execution.
The Semaphore de Marseilles of Monday last, men-
tions a private letter from Leghorn addressed to
a mercantile house in Marseilles, which stated that
so great was the irritation excited throughout the Ro-
Fuqua by this piece of Austrian insolence, as to have
induced the Marshal to withdraw the troops into the
citadeL It is to be hoped that this is the case :
the retreat would indicate indecision and fear
on the part of the enemies of constitutional free-
dom. Still, the violation of en independent territory
has been perpetrated, and avowedly with the inten-
tion of deterring its sovereign from carrying out a
liberal policy in his internal government. The ru-
mours implicating Austrian emissaries in insurrec-
tionary movements at Rome—the stories about the
concentration of Austrian troops towards the Italian
frontier—may be fictions; but the gross infraction of
international law at Ferrara, and its object, are =-
questionable facts.
It is well that the determination of the Austrian
cabinet to oppose, by arms, if necessary, the progress
of liberal government in the states of the church,
and crush the national spirit of Italy, has thus pre-
maturely. betrayed itself. Light is thereby thrown
on the intentions of Austria, both with regard to
Italy and Switzerland. The Austrian government
esquirka atom lates with apprehension the growth of free-
nations on its frontiers. It is alarmed at the
•
• prospect of perfected national organisation in Switzer-
" land; of unity among the Italian princes, and a better
anderstanding between them and their subjects. To
frustrate the one and the other, the court at Vienna
will spare neither underhand intrigues nor appeals
to military force, unless she can be convinced that some
.counteracting power is in the field too strong for her
to cope with.
Where is that force to be found? Not in Franca,
where the government, though now compelled by the
popular sentiment to profess respect for the reforming
Pope, and dislike of the proceedings of Austria, has
sail enough to show the hollowness of these profes-
sions. Not in Freesia, which by land is too re-
mote, and which has no navy. Not in the unaided
atriotism of Italy. The uiliabitaats both of the
• and -Rohl& dates declsof their readi-
ness to march en masse to the frontier if need be,
and we doubt neither their sincerity nor their
oeurage. But modern wars are not finished by
coups-de-main ; in them the victory is ultimately
to the government which possesses the longest puree
and the most numerous disciplined army. In neither
of these respects can the Italian states compete with
Austria. But any government equal in power and
resources to Austria, and sincerely desirous to avert
war, yet at the same time assert the cause of national
independence, may, by leaguing itself with the liberal
cantons of Switzerland and the independent Italian
states, cement the union which ought to exist among
them, and, by the mere demonstration, awe the court
of Vienna into acquiescence in the progress of events.
The French government, we have already said,
cannot be relied on for this service. Its professions
are hollow : its heart is not in the cause. But such a
course of policy is the especial Mission of an English
government. England cannot be suspected of
designs of territorial aggrandisement on the Con-
tinent. England, moreover, is known to be bent upon
a pacific policy, and the extension of its commerce
with all countries—with Austria in particular. The
countenance of England would inspire the Swim
cantons and Italian states with confide's°, that
in her alliance they wero safe from aggression,
and this sense of security would allow any ruing
effervescence of the popular temper to subside, and
preclude the possibility of any
.demonstrations that
might give umbrage to Austria, and afford that
wer a pretext for attacking them. On the other
d, Austria knows the power and resources of
England, and is thoroughly awake to the importance
of extended and extending commercial intercourse
with oar country. By identifying itself with the
liberal Swiss cantons and the Italian states, England
has the power to render impossible that European
war of which the risk appears, at present, so =mi.

nent.
Entertaining these views, it is with sincere pleasure
we learn that Lord Pstmensron's communications
to the Swiss Vorort and the papal government have
been both cordial and explicit. There is, however,
one step which remains to be taken, which would
place the intentions of the British cabinet beyond
a doubt, and have a decisive effect at the present mo-
ment—THE APPOINTMENT OF AN ENGLISH ENVOY
TO THE ROMAN COURT.

A GRAVE responsibility will rest on the metropo-
litan authorities if a strict investigation is not insti-
tuted into the truth of the allegations made respecting
the Cricket and the other two boats belonging to the
game company. These allegations arc so definite, and
preferred so boldly, that the popular excitement can
only be allayed by their being thoroughly
Be they true or false the so-called Conservancy of
the Thames cannot escape censure for neglect of duty
in having hitherto taken no steps to ascertain the
character of the boats in question. Their mere
appearance was sufficient to suggest a suspicion that
the ability to run them at such a low rate of fares
must have been obtained by purchasing at a nominal
price vessels and engines which other companies con-
scientiously shrunk from using. And statements
impugning the security of the engines have been in
print for gems time.
We have no very implicit faith in the efficiency of
official inspectors. Accidents may and will happen
under the beet system of inspection that can be ar-
ZzL But there are cases of glaring ahmeind et
to the lives and limbs of the citizens int asp
competent inspector could overlook ; and a pressman
polies that would check such recklessness wadi dimi-
nish the number of catastrophes like that whisk yes-
terday appalled all London, although it might not en-
tirely prevent their occurrence.
But to every representation that has been made on
the subject of the river boats at the Mansion-house—
by letter or personal application or in the columns of
newspapers—the only reply his been an imbecile
6, What can we do r—that would have been laugh-
able had not the grave character of the evil left un-
checked rendered ft provoking. If these civic dig-.
to the task of taking doe
eddy. let them relinquish
Ns have not the grace to do
to.

Tan re-pas-mut of the weed advanced to Ireland
under the Trimpsear: Beal Bill will necessarily
weigh he a tints epos the rooftrees of the various
pospiaw miens lathe atm sanely. Their difficul-
ties, however, will he am* ; and with
proper exertions on*, part of the ss7 of Ire-
land there can bias Mitt that the sedition of the
country will be esesidurably ispoved. But in order
to pay the inemined rating required for repay-
ment, the proprietors ot the soil must bestir
themselves, and net attempt to throw all their social
burthens upon the executive ant. Irishmen
mast Lava Bove to help themselves. The pay-
ment of taxation will tin thus. as it has given
le, mem useful pastiest loom is mummy. It will
age them to enterprise and assamese. It will com-
pel them, despite of their habitual apathy, to labour
I steadily for useful practical idveoim and not go in
chase of mere sentimental objects. nough last, not
least, it will teach them to look sharplyafter public ex-
penditure and accounts. Like adversity tor indivi-
duals, so taxation for nations, " weareth • precious
, jewel in its head."
We should be sorry, for the sake of Ireland, if the
government remitted the payment of the money ad-
vented last year to the Irish during the famine. We are
convinced that without the stimulus of taxation there
will not be the requisite exertion made by the landed
classes in Ireland. See how shamefully inactive
have been the vast body of the Irish proprietors !
They are constantly craving oar assistance for
loans. Well, we have offered them a loan
of one million and a half of money under tke Land
Improvement Bill. That money has been offered on
the most advantageous terms to the borrowers. How
much, up to the present time, have the Irish proprie-
tors applied for ? The return tells us. Only two
hundred and seventeen thousand pounds ! The mere
idea of regular repayments frightened them from the
plan proposed by government, with the consent and
approbation of the most intelligent men of all parties.
We cannot even coax the proprietors of Ireland to
make exertions for themselves. They have allowed
the Drainage Bill, as far as regards the practical im-
provement of the country, to remain a dead letter.
They have not availed themselves of the facilities af-
forded for them by the legislature. As much money
as we will give them, the Irish proprietors are ready
to receive, but when the topic of repayment is
broached, then they recede, even from the most liberal
proposals.
With a proprietary so lazy and apathetic, it will be-
come • matter of necessity on the part of government
to be urgent in demand of repayment of money ad-
vanced to them. They can set up no claims in equity
for exemption from their engagements. In saying this,
we feel strongly for the condition of those classes in
Ireland who are industrious and hard-working. Nor
have we any hesitation in saying that if any mode of
taxation can be pointed out by which they would
be relieved, ever, to the disadvantage of the neglect-
ful and unenterprising proprietors, it ought to receive
a favourable consideration.
The Poor Law Commissioners ought not to allow
themselves to be turned aside from their course by
the exaggerated difficulties which will be pleaded in
excuse of the unions refusing to pay their engage-
ments. Only one course is open to them ; and the
country has a right to expect that government will
see that the commissioners do their duty with firm-
ness, however irksome it may be. Meantime it is en-
couraging to find that the threats of resistance to the
order of the commissioners for striking a rate for the
repayment of relief advanced, have not been persisted
in. A large and important meeting of the Fermoy
poor law guardians was held last week. The ques-
tion of repudiation was actually introduced. It ie
painful to reflect who the parties were who lent them-
selves to this attempt. They wore two of the
largest proprietors in Munster; they were both
members of the legislature—the Earl of MOUNT-
CASHEL and Mr. BURKE ROCHE. We are surprised
to see Lord MOUNTCASHEL lending his name to such
a proposal. His lordship deservedly enjoys the
name of a good. landlord; and all his antecedents
warrant the opinion that he would never countenance I
injustice in his private transactions. We regret,
therefore, to find him amongst those who support re- I
sistance to the rates ; though it is re-assuring to
recollect that in public matters the noble peer has
always been on the beaten side. On the catholic
question ; on parliamentary'reform ; on the Irish
corn laws ;on poor laws—on all impittfitnt.quatidns,
public opinion and the legislature lave invariably ,
ruled against his lorilighip,an4 now, stem is his
poor-law union, he was in a minority of the
as nem]. On its being proposed to confer with the
guardians of other unions with a view to organise
some resistance to the rates, only seven supported the
propmition, while thirty guardians voted against it.
The prevailing sentiment of the meeting now ad-
verted to was practical, and an accommodating
spirit was manifested. Too much stress was, how-
ever, laid on the original plans of the government
as placed before parliament at the beginning of last
session. Between the introduction of measures and
their parliamentary enactment there is a wide difference.
In the course of a session there are necessarily vari-
ous compromises, alterations, and sometimes even
total changes. A ministry must concede in this diree-
tion if it is to gain support in another quarter. So
it always has been, and so it always will continue, in
the legislature. It is not to what ministers said, but
to what parliament bas done, that persons entrusted
with authority must look. It was quite clear to all
parties, at the end of last session, that some security
should be effectually taken for proving to English
public opinion that Ireland both would and could re-
pay the advances made to her. No one will charge
Sir JAMES BRALIAM with any hostility manifested
during the last session to the Irish proprietors. Yet
we remember the right honourable baronet most
urgent and emphatic in his recommendations to
ministers that a rate should be struck this year. He
laid special stress on the importance of having the rate
struck daring the present twelvemonth.
Between the legitimate carrying out of any par-
ticular law and its rigid and pitiless enforcement
there is • wide difference. Nor will any reason-
able government be blind to that difference. But they
must be met in a proper spirit of practical accommo-
dation. Any attempt to beard and bully the govern li
-
ment on such a subject must end in results disastrous
to the Irish people. We trust that we shall not hear
any more intimations of such a coarse being medi-
tated. In an adroit and well-reasoned speech, one of
the guardians at Fermoy disposed of Lord MOUNT-
CASHEL'S proposed amendment. With regard to a
meeting in Cork," said Mr. CARROL, " he apprehended
it would be a dangerous course—first, to refuse to
perform their engagements, and then to organise a
passive resistance; it was a defying of the
government, which would put them upon the
necessity of dissolving the board, and appointing
paid guardians." And that result must undoubtedly
take place if the poor-law guardians shrink from
their obvious line of duty.
In dealing with the guardians and with the whole
question of Irish poor laws, we must remember that
in Ireland the poor. laws are an absolute novelty.
The habits of society in that country are not yet prac-
tically adjusted to the new institution fee the relief
of the poor. " Glovernmenhi," said Sir JAMES MACK-
INTOSH, ' grow, and are not made." There is no
making a government of any particular department
all at ono°. Habits are necessary. Hence, we can-
not expect a new institution like poor laws to work
smoothly in Ireland all at once. All that government
can do is to prevent the poor-law system from
being uprooted. To plant it firmly in the country, and
to lead the Irish to adjust their habits to it, will
be good work for this generation of statesmen. The
hardships of the new system will be felt at first. Bat
an age of peace in Ireland and the ammunition of
capital will introduce a buoyancy that will emilile
society amongst our fellow-subjects to rise under dos
grievous pressure that now weighs upon them. It is
only now that society is being placed in that island on
its proper basis. It is only now that parliament is
legislating for the condition of the 'masses. The I
selfishness of interested parties will endeavour to'
thwart that course of legislation. Unable to cope in
debate with the advocates of comprehensive improve-
mental, they will seek to nullify the decisions of par
liament by striving to turn the new law into a dead
letter. Such men must be encountered with calm
and steady resolution. The legislature has antici-
pated the case of resistance to the principle that the
property of Ireland meat ,be responsible for its
poverty. It has armed the government with all the
requisite powers. And those powers mast be had re-
course to, if the poor-law guardians in Ireland talk el
repudiation.
But we hope and believe that they will be better,
advised.

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checked renaerea it prwunusti. A& la
Marko ere incompetent to the task
•yn for the pub& safety, let tl
• it to he can. If they lave not
tare must be appealed t
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