The Express.
London, England, 1851-09-30 00:00:00

SPAIN.

MADRID, SEPT. 24.

The intrigues of the Polaco-Narvaesistas (the
tcog-
nomenthorollog n
ocniintisotsruye,hooodf twheho share moderados is adherehop hopes ofo
its
getting back into power) form the principal aliment
of conversation in political circles. These people,
fearing lest Queen Christina should at length listen
to the earnest counsels of many of her most influen-
tial friends, and consent to a (Maio:list ministry
composed of Rios Roses, Pacheco, Benavides, and Sa-
lamanca, supported by Cortina (who, after trimming
for several months, has adopted conservative politics
with all the ardour of a new convert), and deriving
advantage of no common degree from the influence
of General Espartcro, whom it is proposed to invite
to Madrid, have been endeavouring to renew inter-
course with Bravo Murillo, if not openly and os-
tensibly, at least in such a manner that a recon-
ciliation may be finally effected. Bravo Murillo,
jealous of the eulogies bestowed upon Cortina by
Christina's paper, the Espana, and alarmed at the
liberal doctrines which that print is daily supporting,
has shown no reluctance to a reconciliation with
General Narvaez. But as in a combination with the
latter it would be impossible that any of the secon-
dary ministers should take part, Bravo Murillo's
manner with them has seemed singularly anomalous
and contradictory. Armero, the minister of marine,
whose friendship with Narvaez and his companions
is notorious, serves as the means of communication
between the former and the present president of the
council. Tho Narvacz party, countenanced by Louis
Bonaparte, and upheld by French diplomacy, have
succeeded in sonvincing the Queen that the good offices
of the French government in the Cuba question are
duo not to the influence of the mystic Donoso Cortes,
the Spanish plenipotentiary in Paris, but to the
council and the inspirations of General Narvaez. The
Heralds, which continues to be the organ of Narvacz,
makes every possible effort to alarm the public mind
with respect to the present situation of affairs, and
endeavours to prove that Narvacz alone is the man
capable of conjuring the perils that are impending.
The events in the isle of Coin have admirably served
this object, and, while the public are axiously await-
ing further news from that important colony, the
Heralds's correspondents in Catalonia describe that
province as ripe for a revolution. The Epoen, an
evening Narvaczist print, supports the views of its
morning colleague; but the Orden, the organ of the
ministerial party, notwithstanding the ten-
dencies of Bravo Murillo towards his former
colleagues, feebly combats the arguments of
I the above mentioned prints. Tho reason of
this is ;that Bravo Murillo, while he is not adverse to
join Narvaez against the coalition I have mentioned,
would like to be provided with means of defence in'
case that Narvacz should endeavour to get into power
without him. Narvaes's personal friends bitterly
lament his not having availed himself of this
alarm caused by the news of Lopez's landing in
Cuba to present himself in Madrid, as it is un-
doubted that the Queen would have, iu the first
transports of her indignation, put the reins of
power in his strong hands. While the idea of
the semi-liberal coalition ministry appears to
be gaining ground in the palace, Bravo Murillo
has conducted himself with much ambiguity
in several important questions. In the cabinet
council held to decide whether the Spanish minister
in Paris should be instructed to deliver a passport to
Narvaez, Bravo Murillo supported liliraflores, Gon-
zales, Romero, and Armero, who voted in the affir-
mative, against Beltran do Lis, Arteta, and General
Lcrsundi, and the permission for Narvacz's return
was definitively decided upon. The other question
was relative to the conduct to be observed towards'.
the ex-regent Espartcro. Tho government had re-
ceived an insolent communication from the Governor
of Logrono, a man whose virulent radicalism was
notorious when in the time of the liberal government
ho held a command in the most turbulent battalion
of the Madrid national guard. This zealous convert
to tyrannical government stated in the communica-
tion alluded to that the residence of the Duke of
Victoria was a focus of conspiracy; that the ((wallas
(Anglico blackguards) General Vaubalen, Colonel'
Correa, the ex-minister, Gomez de la Sernu, and
others, sat in daily conclave; that the government
need not be uneasy, for that he (the governor), if
General Espartero made the slightest movement,
"would have him dragged out of his house like a
dog." Such are the very words of the despatch.
Accordingly, this over-zealous governor has actually
surrounded General Espartero's mansion with his
blundering police-agents, and has
.given serious an-
noyance to such of Estrartcro's friends who every
summer are accustomed to repair to his splendid
seat to enjoy the beauties of the country,
and many of whom had just arrived for the
celebration of the duchess's birth-day. On the
return of General Vaubalen to Madrid he called on
the Minister of War, and bitterly complained of the
insolence of tho governor. The War Minister, who
is not mixed up in the plans of Bravo Murillo, and
who has much personal respect for the Duke of
Victory, carried the complaint to the Council of
Ministers; but Bravo Murillo, without denying that
the governor's conduct was unjustifiable, refused to
permit any measure to be taken against him, alleging
that it would be showing weakness, and giving the
complaints of the progressista journals too much
importance. General Charon, the captain-general of
the province of Burgos, and Espartero's personal
friend, has remonstrated against the governor, but
nothing has been done.

ITALY.

PIEDMONT.

TURIN, SEPT. 25.
To all those whose sympathies are engaged in the
mortal struggle between despotism, ignorance, and
superstition, on the one hand, and rational liberty,
education, and true religion on the other; to all those
who are interested in the political events of the Ita-
lian peninsula, as the field on which that struggle
has been, during the last few years, more desperately
maintained than in any other part of the continent;
the present condition of Piedmont, and the striking
contrast which it affords to that of other Italian
states now groaning under an entirely opposite policy,
cannot fail to present matter for most interesting and
gratifying contemplation. Ono of the most re-
markable features
in the actual state of Piedmont is
the rapidity with which the constitutional form of
government has taken root in the country, and that
so deeply and peaceably that no one unacquainted
with the recent disasters of Italy would credit the
very short date of its new and enlightened existence.
The natural result of the frank and sincere acceptance
of the constitutional principle by all, or, at any rate, by
the majority of all parties, is, in Piedmont, as it
ought to be in all other countries, a thoroughly good
urderstanding and confidence between the govern-
ment and the people. Several instances have
lately occurred tending to demonstrate this
.good
fetling,amongst which I may mention the enthusiastic
reception of the King at Genoa, a sity of all others
the most likely to show its ill-humour without cere-
mony if any had existed, at a period, too, when the
whole of the garrison was absent at the manoeuvres
of Dego and Montenotte, and the safeguard of the
city entirely trusted to the Genoese national guard.
Would King Ferdinand of Naples ever think of
trusting his capital to the keeping of his loving sub-
jects only, or dream of walking about the Toledo
whilst his native army and Swiss myrmidons were
absent at the annual child's play of the Capuan
camp ? I should rather fancy not ; nor would Pio
Nano relish a promenade in the streets of Rome, or
Bologna, with the French and Austrian troops a
few hundred miles away, instead of forming an alley
of bayonets for the passage of his sacred cortege.
What would be thought if Vienna, Milan, or even
Paris, were to be left entirely without soldiers, and
given frankly into the loyal care of the national
guard? Yet such is at the present moment the con-
dition of Turin, the garrison of the city having been
withdrawn in order to take part in the grand mili-
tary manceuvres about to bo executed in the plains
of Alexandria. The following is the order of the day
to the national guard of Turin upon the occasion,
dated Sept. 20:

The action which will be executed by the royal army on
the plains of Marengo will cause the absence of the troops
in garrison in this capital for some days. The King's go-
vernment, in putting forth this resolution, entrusts to the
well-known zeal and good will of the National Cluaru the
major service of the city. Soldiers! although at this epoch,
when many are absent, such an increase of service cannot
but prove onerous, still let it be punctually executed, and
ict your activity be unfailing, so that you may be rewarded
by the unbounded trust which our excellent sovereign and
the government repose in you, and the gratitude of your

cannily, who sea thus safely give in to your charge the
protection of the laws and public tranquillity.—The General
Commands[-in-Chief, MAFFEI.
The great military display here alluded to is evi-
dently intended by the Piedmontese government as
a cotinterpoise to the unaccountable agglomeration
of Austrian troops on the other side of the Tessin.
Forty thousand men collected in the environs of
Somma, on the Piedmontese frontier, are so many
expressive proofs of the benevolence and goodwill
with which his imperial majesty regards his consti-
tutional neighbour, and such a demonstration, under
the present circumstances, cannot but be considered
as a striking example of Austrian bad taste. I'ied-
mont is perfectly tranquil; and, unless the unscru-
pulous conduct of the devastating Attila, flagellant
Dei, is to be imitated by the Austrian government,
there is no possible reason wily it should be overrun ;
by Croatian or Bohemian hordes. It is to be pre- ,
sinned that even France would be roused to the dan-
ger of her own pozition were to push her'.
advanced sentries into Savoy, and England would cer-
tainly not relish any coup de main which would bring
the whole of Italy, either morally or physically, into
the talons of the imperial eagle. The display of
Austrian troops on the banks of the Tessin must
therefore be considered merely in the light of a
bravado, or menace, to which King Victor Emmanuel
spiritedly responds by a similar demonstration on his
own side of the border. It will be interesting to
witness the condition and tenue of the Piedmontese
army in this its first considerable muster since the
disastrous conclusion of the last campaign. I shall
set off for Alexandria for that purpose as soon as the
manmuvres commence, and shall not fail to give you
the earliest intelligence of their result. Meanwhile
it is as well to observe, as expressive of the spirit of
diffidence prevailing in the two camps, that ball car-
tridge has been distributed to the soldiers on both
sides. The presence of the Emperor at Milan may
possibly have something to do with this display of
force on the frontier. It appears that his majesty
has been but coldly' received by the Milanese, in
spite of the pompous accounts of the papers, great
numbers of the most respectable classes having
left the city at his approach. Perhaps they were
east down by the reflection that eight centuries ago
Frederick Barbarossa was paying the Lombard capi-
tal a similar visit, after a similar outburst, and a
similar defeat !

It must not be supposed that the Sardinian Cabinet
is without its difficulties, both with respect to ex-
ternal and internal questions, but the state, although
young in constitutional existence, is vigorous, and,
like the infant Hercules, fiercely grasps the throats
of its serpent-like aggressors. Doubtless the confi-
dence of Piedmont, with respect to external dangers,
is upheld by the friendship and alliance of England,
for in France no real trust is to be placed until the
climacteric year of 1852 shall have decided the form
of government, and the consequent policy it will
adopt ; and it may be easily imagined with what
interest the movements of the powerful fleet under
the command of Admiral Parker, and its approach
to the port of Genoa, are watched by the people of
this country, now that Austria assumes such an
overbearing attitude by land. With respect to ques-
tions of internal interest the government is occu-
pied in the preparation of a series of new or.
genie laws, one of the most important of which
will regulate the extent of liberty and the right
of administration to be granted to municipalities :
another subject, which occupies the attention of the
ministry, is that of public instruction, a question
which produces sonic degree of agitation, particularly
as far as regards university education, amongst the
well-informed classes, who are fully sensible of its
importance to the rising generation. A law is also
in preparation for the celebration of matrimony by
civil ntc, so as to adapt it to the political equality
to which individuals of whatsoever creed are enti-
tled by the constitution ; this will of course meet
with great opposition front the clerical party at
Home, and their adherents and instruments in this
country, but it will most probably, as well as the
other bills I have mentioned, passwith aconsidcrable
parliamentary majority on the meeting of the Cham-
bers, which is fixed tor the 19th of November.

The finances form one of the chief difficulties
with which the government has to grapple ; but in
this, also, the elasticity of the state is prodi-
gious. The enormous war contribution demanded
by Austria is already paid in Coto, and we
have recently seen with what readiness the country
responded to the government propositions for a
national loan, a readiness which could only spring
from a thorough conviction of the good faith
and capacity of those at the helm of power, and
a full conviction of the financial abilities of the
minister Cavour. The great mass of political emi-
grants from other parts of Italy is also a subject of
anxiety to the government, both on account of the
jealousy which their presence excites in Austria, and
the expense which their maintenance brings on the
country ; this, however, has much diminished of late,
owing to the activity and industry with which most
of the emigrants have applied themselves to various oc-
cupations, and may be now calculated at from one to
two hundred thousand francs per annum. On the other
hand, in ease of the state being attacked, the presence
of 40 or 50 thousand resolute men accustomed for tho
most part to the use of arms,might be a valid resource
for the Piedmontese government. Many of the refugees
are men of considerable property also, and contribute
to the prosperity of the general mass. The conduct
of the refugees is almost without exception irre-
proachable, and the king appears fully resolved to
continuo to afford them an asylum, without, how-
ever, neglecting those precautions which are due to
the suspicions and timidity of neighbouring govern-
ments. The negotiations with the court of Rome
I are as yet at a standstill, and are likely to be so for
some time, since the Piedmontese government has
come to the determination to negotiate upon no other
basis than that of a complete separation between the
spiritual and temporal principles. The best policy
of Piedmont is certainly to have no concordat at all
—it can only lose by any such treaty—the anti-
quated pretensions of the Pope are incompatible with
the liberty and equality of rights established by a
constitutional ri,gnoc.
Apropos of equality of rights, I must not omit to
mention that tho Piedmontese protestants have
already taken steps to enter upon the enjoyment of
public worship in this city, according to the terms of
the constitution. These protestants, usually known
under the denomination of Waldenses, had formerly
no right to erect chapels except in localities where
ab (macro their form of worship had prevailed, such
localities being almost entirely restricted to the
vallies of Pincrolo ; members of their community
residing in the capital were therefore obliged to
claim the protection of the Prussian minister at
Turin, and the use of his chapel for the performance
of Divine Service according to their own rite ;
but since the statute has ensured the toleration of
all classes of religionists, without restricting
them to any particular localities, the Waldenses
have very rightly resolved to enter without delay
into the full exercise of their religious liberty, in
spite of the bitter recriminations of the ultra-catholic
party, who assert that the government encourages
the protestants, in order to pay court to England,
whilst, in fact, it only grants to this primitive church
of the mountains the rightful claims authorised by
the constitution. Meanwhile the Waldenses, consi-
dering possession to be nine points of the law, have
already purchased the land on which their new cha-
pel is to be erected, according to a Gothic design of
great taste. The spot chosen is in one of the most
central and finest parts of the city, the Viale del Re,
or Corso, and the foundations of the church, which
is to be dedicated to the Holy Trinity, will be laid in
a few days. As the Waldenses are not proverbially
rich, their funds will perhaps not be adequate to the
completion of their undertaking, without having re-
course to the sympathy of England, where a collec-
tion will be made in aid of the first Italian protest
ant chapel freely erected in an Italian capital.
Thus whilst subscriptions are going on at Rome,
amongst the clerical party, in aid of the funds for
the erection of a large catholic church in the centre
of London, subscriptions will be set on foot in Lon-
don for the purpose of erecting protestant churches in
Italy ; not, as hitherto, for the mere use of those Bri-
tish sabjects who may be spending their winter under
a more genial sky than their own, but for the lawful
and undisturbed worship of those Italians, who,
either by the example of their forefathers, or from
personal conviction, prefer the protestant to the
Roman catholic religion. The Waldenses may now
be considered as the most enlightened portion of tho
Piedmontese--their improvement during the last
twenty years has been rapid and remarkable, and
they are in a great measure beholden for it to the
philanthropy and zeal of an Englishman, General
8., who has long resided in the valley of rinerolo,

and where he has devoted his tune and
where ho is revered as a kind of patriarcs,
means to tho intellectual amelioration of the
People, and to the erection of churches, colleges, and
infant schools, so that the Waldenses no longer cling
to their religion through a mere obstinate attachment
to the ideas of their forefathers, but through a mad
advancement in protestant education and feeling.
This step of the Waldenses has decided the govern.
ment to prepare, amongst other new bills, a special
law on the subject of dissenters from the state
religion.
In concluding this sketch of the present condition
of Piedmont, I have only to repeat that, if not oven
whelmed by foreign and unjust aggression, the
throne of King Victor Emmanuel may be considered
as one of the most solidly based in Europe based
find on his own good faith and resole.
upon the affection and confidence of his saidects an
n the constitution on the other. The
thetionotnoe
mhaa
le.ndt a
ministers, also, by belonging to the moderate or con-
stitutional party, and not to the extreme or
' republican one, have been always able to
command a majority in the parliament, and have
effected more in the way of liberal reforms than
would perhaps have been in the power of ministers
of more violent principles; indeed, it is chilly to the
judicious firmness and enlightened policy of the
talented Marquis d'Azeglio, Minister for Foreign
Affairs, that we may attribute the prosperous condi-
tion at present enjoyed by his country. The intainte.
I fiance of the constitution, also, depends upon a feel.
ing which pervades the members of the Royal family
and the aristocracy to a degree that would hardly be
credited by any one who has not visited this coun-
try ; that is, a profound respect for the memory of
Charles AlLert, and a reverential desire to follow up
that principle which he initiated. The Queen
Dowager, Maria Teresa, of Sardinia, has just re-
paired to Tuscany to pay a visit to the family of her
brother the grand duke, at the villa of Marla, where
she arrived on the morning of the 19th inst.
It has been observed with pleasure by the
Piedmontese that her Majesty especially. avoided
passing through the city of Lucca in order
to escape from the ceremonious couipliments
with which the Austrian authorities and military
commanders think themselves bound to receive
crowned heads. The courtesies of Austrian generals
could hardly afford any delight to the widow of
Charles Albert. The chief internal comics to the
constitution in Piedmont are the priests, who, both
by the underhand means natural to their cloth, and
by the more open weapons afforded by the press, take
every possible opportunity of waging war against the
liberal r,,yinie, and restoring the old systent of in.
tolerance and despotism. The Arsionia and C'attolico
di Genora, organs of the ecclesiastical party, are
furious at the establishment of a church and school
at Turin by the Waldenses, whom they denounce as
enemies to God and christianity, fit only to be driven
out of the capital as infidels and heretics. Indeed,
the Caltedieo expressly states that it is the duty of
the ministry to do so. So much for religions tolera-
tion here. Now, let us look at what the same paper
observes with respect to religions toleration in Eng.
land. In a letter from London, dated 29th ult.,
published by the Caltulico, arc the following euthu.
mastic although not strictly true remarks

Religion makes immense progress here every day in spite
of all the efforts of hell to oppose it. In a few weeks in
this city alone two new parishes have been ereeted ; other
churches will be opened in a few days, as well us other new
parishes, the number of which already amounts to twenty-
seven. This plainly demonstrates the frailty of protestan-
tisro, and its imminent total ruin. The protestant papers,
as you mar well imagine, arc silent at the sight of our
splendid glories, because, as they would redound to their
dishonour and confusion, it is to their interest to keep them
secret, so that Europe may be ignorant of their solemn de-
feat, even in the stronghold of protestantis 11l . May God
bless the etTorts of the purple pastor (Cardinal Wiseman),
and we shall soon sec the destruction of that horrid mon-
ster which rose three centuries ago to the damage of tho
church, the corruption of the universe, and the loss of so
many souls. Yes, England, before long, will be entirely
catholic. With respect to the famous bill, ev, rylioely aces
that it is merely a morn parturiens, since the bishops con-
tinue to take their titles, with all due reverence to the most
excellent minister who dares not touch them The cele-
brated meeting at Dublin tilled him with the greatest ter.
ror. Ile sees that six millions of men, having one and the
same heart and soul, aro ready to sacrifice their lives in
support of their religion. Mr. (sic) Palmerston also is in
the greatest confusion and trembles for the future, for ho
well knows what Irish catholicism is capable of. Let us
trust in the goodness of the Lord ! The fall of protestantism
will come ! So it was decided in the niemorable Irish
meeting, and God will be with fervid and devout Ireland.
The arrival of Kossuth at Spezia, on hoard the
American steamer, Mississippi, has created an im.
mense sensation amongst the inhabitants of those
parts. The city was illuminated, fireworks were
let off, and boats adorned with flags surrounded tho
vessel containing the heroic ex-dictator, who was
salutedwith repeated tines and bands of military
music. The American commodore, who was at tho
baths of Lucca, came down immediately to compli-
ment the illustrious guest. It would doubtless be a
subject of embarrassment to the Piedmontcse go.
vernment if Kossuth were to disembark, as Austria
would not fail to take alarm ut the presence of such
a dangerous neighbour ; but it appears not to be his
intention so to do, as the vessel will probably leave
Spezia before the eight days of quarantano are
expired.
The King leaves his palace at Moncalicri by tho
first train to-morrow morning for Alexandria,
where he assumes the command of the army for the
grand manceuvrcs, which will last three days, con-
cluding with a review on the 28th.

GERMANY.
PRUSSIA.

Letters from Coblenz,publiZed in the 06,7 -Post
Amts Zeitung, states that the 2.3 th infantry regiment
stationed there, has been ordered to Kr. lain:Leh, to
form part of the new confederation Corp,. 01 ..b.ervation
ordered to be formed in the neighbourhood of Franc.
fort.

AUSTRIA.
The telegraphic accounts )f the Emperor's progress
through Lombardy reach to the 25t11 of Sept. On
the morning of that day the imperial curt,'.o: left
Monza for Soma, on the Lago Maggiore. The offi-
cial paper describes the reception of the Emperor
along the shores of the lake as being enthusiastic,
triumphal arches having been erected all along the
road. The Emperor reached Soma by steamer at
half-past five in the afternoon. Ile is to return to
Vienna rii Innsbruck and Munich. 1k will reach
the latter capital on the 2nd of October, for the
purpose of conferring with King Maximilian.
Oar Vienna correspondent writes:
VIENNA, SEPT. 21.
It is rumoured that the assumption by Archduke
Albrecht of his new post as governor-general of Hun-
gary, will be inaugurated by a general amnesty.
The rumour is highly improbable. The Vienna
Gazette copies in full, this morning, from the Petah
Gazette, the sentences of the court-martial on Kos-
suth and his companions, together with their descrip-
tions and the nature of their crime. I gave an
account of the burning in effigy, with u list of tho
unfortunate sufferers, in a former letter.
Prince Windischgratz, the bombarder of Prague
and Vienna, will, it is rumoured, receive the appoint-
ment of governor-general of Bohemia.
Since the 16th of September, when the additional
23 per cent. discount for subscriptions to the new loan
ceased, not more than 243,100 florins have been sub-
scribed within the Austrian dominions. At tho
same time the compulsory measures of the govern-
ment ceased, and the sums subscribed, therefore,
until the 23rd inst., arc satisfactory, evidence of the
small sum the government would have received had
they not had recourse to exaction. Up to the 23rd
inst., only 5,100,000 florins had been subscribed
abroad. I'he total subscriptions thou amounted to
54,573,600 florins, leaving more than 30,000,000 to
be subscribed. A rumour on 'Change, yesterday,
had it that the Duke of Modena had subscribed for
the whole of the untaken amount.

The Prease made its appearance this morning as
announced. The advertisement of the proprietors
' promises no politics, but plenty of political ecohomy
and amusement. _ _ _

ifettcrnich returned on Tuesday evening, accom-
panied by Pi incest; Melanie, Princes Richard and
Paul. '1 he Oesterreiehische Correspumienz greets
him as follows :

The return of Prince Metternich yesterday will not fail
to rejoice the countless admirers of the personal virtues of
this celebrated statesman. It must also be grateful to every
true friend to the legitimate principle to sec terminated the
involuntary absence of a man who has been uadcr all
circumstances one of its firmest supporters. The lifo of
Prince Metternich belongs to history. History will one day
sit in judgment on the faults of his system, but cannot fail
also to value at their proper worth all its advantages u well

pus. steadfast purpose sod his really high character. Pro-
vidence has measured oat good fortune to the venerable
otoessigis. He has beta permitted to survive the storm of
ncolotion, and has therefore granted hun the satisfaction
Owing, that the chorus of wild and unreasonable accuse.
mom to which he was then exposed has been silenced, and
that many of those who were formerly his enemies have
compelled to attach great value to his labours. Periods
of gnat excitemint and cons ulsion de much to prove the
human character and individuality. While men without
thwarter .oad bteadfastness must in such moments perish,
tiny isalt the firm and steadfast. The name of Prince
Meth rnich stands forth clear and brilliant from the eon-
fooion of the past years The course of events has justified
his opinions and policy. Short as his time may now be
anionivt us,. a friendly fate permits him to pass the re-
mainder of his life on his own hearthstone, surrounded b 7
ho numerous friends and admirers.