The Express.
London, England, 1847-11-04 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 4, 1847.

newspapers he paid about 160!. per annum—newspapers of all shades
of politico and religious opinion. There was a roan for bil-
liards and bagatelle. Some doubted whether these games should be
admitted; but that was all a matter of opinion ; the playing WWI not
sinful in itself, but the oboe of the game was so. Drafty and domi-
noes were pliycal in other room, and there wean smoking room. Re-
freshments were also to be had as in any temperance coffee-room; but
no intoxicating liquurs were allowed. -There wen also a place where
they could shoot with the rifle at a target, and premiwns were given
to the beat shot. Baths could alo be had at the Institution. Ile was
sorry to see that se few used the baths, for on an average there were
only fin • day taken, while he could accommodate at Resat thirty-
3d. fur a cold, and ed. fora hot bath. There was also a ten-pin alley
which wan used occasionally. 100,0001. was spent yearly in intoxi-
cating liquors in town, and it was surely nut too much to expect that
part of it should came to such an institution.
it/WHAMMY SELMEN.—On Thursday last Capt. ride
of the brig Jane Geary, of Peterhead, arrived in Glasgow,
from which he had sailed on Friday, the 22nd ult., and
reported that four of his crew were in a state of mutiny,
and the ship detained in Lamlash Bay. In the first instance
the superintendent of the Seamen's Rendezvous was sent
down along with the captain, and assisted him and the
mates to brink the vessel back to the Tail of the Bank, at
which she arrived at noon on Saturday last ; these seamen,
meanwhile, refusing to do any part of their duty. A war-
rant was procured in Greenock, the men taken on shore,
and the case beard there the same afternoon in the
justice of peace clerk's office. The men did not attempt
to assign any reason for their resolution not to go
in the ship; but it is believed that they bad got bad advice
from unworthy characters before leaving Glasgow, which
they had resolved to act upon when the vessel was put into
Lamlash Bay by stress of weather—knowing Float their ad-
vance notes were by this time paid, and that if they could
contrive to ship again in another vessel they would again re-
ceive an advance. They were sentenced to fifteen days'
imprisonment,: and it was ordered that their clothes and
chests should be detained until the advance, which had been
already paid by their order to the man with whom they had
lodged in Glasgow, should be refunded. Other men were
immediately got on board, and the Jane Geary was enabled
to proceed on her voyage to Rio Janeiro.
PROVINCIAL.

STATE. OF TRADE.—The depression of trade in this
county is still reducing the means of the working classes,
and the following returns show the falling off of employment
during the past week. In the division of North Loesdale
130 buds are working on short time, and 195 are out of I
work altogether. In South Lensdale one mill is on short ,
time and 450 hands are entirely out of work. In Amoun-
derness 350 hands are entirely out of work; one mill has
been closed by the masters, employing 80 hands. In Lower
Blackburn 12,961 hands are on short time, and 6,398 are '
quite out of work: of these 249 have struck; a reduction of
wages is also proposed. In Higher Blackburn 18,118 are j
working short time, and 1,415 are out of work; there has ,
been much falling off from full to short time, and 14 mills
have been closed. One mill has resumed working at
short time, and the difference between the masters and
men on account of the proposed reduction of wages
is settled. In Leyland, 1.636 hands are on short time, and j
3,299 are out of work. One mill has been closed by the ,
masters on account of the machinery being out of repair,
end another in consequence of the depression in trade. In 1,
Middleton, 13,398 hands are working short time, and 1,487 I
are out of work: two mills have been closed through bank-
ruptcy, one from bursting of the boiler, and three others j
through depression in trade. In Bolton, 4,390 are on short j
time, and 1,370 are out of work; there has been considerable
reduction from full to short time, and three mills closed. In
Bury, 0,806 are on short time, awl 2,438 are out of work. I
One mill ham been closed, and another resumed work. In 1
Ashton-under-Lyne, 2,216 are on short time, and 1,434 are
oat of work ; of these 400 have struck, in consequence of the ,
masters endeavouring to reduce wages ten per c nt., and
two mills have been closed for the purpose of re- '
pairing machinery. In Manchester, 5,953 are on '
short time, and 1,047 are out of work. In Warrington, 3473
bands are on short time, and 1,046 are out of work ; two
mills have been closed. In the Preseot division matters are
lin the same state as before. In the town of Lancaster 1.50
are on short time, 550 are out of work. In Preston 5,110
are on short time, and 2,077 are out of employment ; two
mills have been closed through bankruptcy, and 14 through
depression in trade. In Bolton, 6.386 are on short time,
and 2,05,5 are out of employment. In Ashton-under-Lyne,
8,474 are out of employment, of whom 8,377 have struck. In
Manchester, though the reduction is gradually advancing,
the returns for Tuesday and Tuesday week do not exhibit
quite so unfavourable an aspect as those recently published :
there are 14,578 working short time, and 11,616 out of work.
There are six fewer mills working full time this week than
last, of which five see on short time, and one is stopped al-
together.
'fog AMERICAN WRITER, IL W. EMERSON,
delivered at the Manchester Athenmum on Tuesday, the
first of a course of lectures on " Representative Men." The
subject of this introductory discourse was the " Uses of
Great Men ;" and it is to be followed by lectures on Sweden-
borg, the mystic; Montaigne, the sceptic; Shakapeare, the
poet; Napoleon, the man of action; and Goethe, the man
of letters. After some introductory observations,: Mr.
Emerson proceeded to enunciate his leading viers by a
series of propositions, which may be given in a condensed
form : He said, It is natural to believe in great men. If the
companions of our childhood should turn out to be angels, it
would not in childhood surprise us. It is easy to read
through the earliest myths which precede the history of
nations, the child-like truth that they anticipate excellence
in every man. The world is upheld by the veracity of
good men. We do not wish to live with satans and
idiots. Actually, or ideally, or idolatrously, we do all live
with the great. Our religion is also at last the
love and cherishing of great men. The gods of fable are
the shining monuments of great men. The wise man sees
that all are anthropomorphists. Man can make, or paint,
or think, nothing but man. As is the religion, so is the
philosophy. The soul of man is at once the student and the
book; at once the sculptor, the block, and the statue. In
every divine book, philosophy finds but one essence, collected
or distributed,—God in its collective, man in its distributive.
We have social strength: I can do that by another,
which I cannot do alone. It is easy to see what a road-
builder is love. But it is not the ordinary values of men
to each other which we have now to treat of, but the
uses of great men. Every man comes into the world built
and equipped for a work. While he does that, a genius
seems to attend him and whisper to him all the secrets of
his art. The great men, then, are those who are truly
themselves; who are what they are from nature. But they
must be also related to us. A great man is he who, in his life
and activity, answers not merely the demands that I make,
but also others which I have not skill to put. Nature ex-
presses all her will in great men. Whatever she has at
heart, she first prepares in the thought and hopes of multi-
tudes, and then embodies in the faculties of one. The human
mind anticipates two kinds of use or service from superior
men; first, direct service, as available to children and to the
faith of the early ages; and when these arc past, there is only
left us the indirect service to be derived from great men ; in
their pictorial or representative character, they serve us not
in the will, but in the intellect. Men are representative in a
two-fold sense—of things and of ideas. Each is gifted with
one severalty; each has his own peculiar work to do. Great
men are by their instinct pilots, and so we follow their lead.
The benefit to us is intellectual: we see them ea incarna-
tions of the laws of nature. Men are laws e-alking, speak-
ing, acting. We are multiplied a thousand-fold by the arts
of all able and excellent men. Hew easily we enter into
their labours, and verify their results. Every ship to
America is a follower of Columbus ; every reader of almost
any poem is a debtor to Homer. As great men stand for
things, they are limited and satisfy the understanding,
which delights in the finite; as they stand for ideas, they
address the other and nobler element ; they diaindividualise,
emancipate, and administer to the universality of the soul.
Men are helpful to each other (strictly speaking)only through
the intellect and the affections, or the will; all other help is
but a false pretence, and not given but sold. The qiirdinal ad-
vantage which we owe to the very highest class of men ia,
that they open to us God and the world. It is a condition of
our humanity that we swim in a river of delusions from our
birth onward. But life is not a chimera, but a sincerity.
Somewhere there is power and truth ; and what great men
know, they know for us. When a mind is created, a new
secret of nature transpires. This is the use of uses of great
men—to correct the delirium of the animal spirits, to make
men considerate and wise, and to raise life to new aims and
powers. In the ordinary work of life, I am ever feeling
that another noble fraction of time is gone, and I have done
a precious nothing ; I cannot keep my eyes off the clock ;
but if some great and gentle soul should arise, to announce
a law that ranges things into their natural order, it testifies
to one of the equity which at last shall bring down all iniquity
and bankrupt all self-seekers. Then I forget the clock, I
breathe a freer air; I am made immortal, by apprehending
my possession of eternal truth. I admire great men of all
classes—those who stand for facts, and those who stand for
thoughts; but most do I admire him who can abolish him-
self and all heroes, by letting in this divine element of reason,
irrespective of persons—this power so great, that the poten-
tate is nothing. I proceed to specify a few of the services
of heroes, or great men. First, we invoke their succour
against our own faults. The conservative force of self-
opinion converts us to sleepers or stones, till the hero
aopears and renews us with warm life. We love to associate
with the great; our receptivity is unlimited; we are all-
wise in capacity, though so feeble in energy. It is very cosy
to be as wise and gond as your companions—but we atop
where they stop. In this difficulty great men are our
saviours from wide error, and defend us from our contem-
poraries. But now arises a new danger : the excess of the
influence of the great man, his enormous attractions, have
warped us from our right places ; we have become under-
lings, and the crime of intellectual suicide is committed. But
here is our help : other great men, with new qualities, act
as counterweights and checks on each other. It may be
thought that there is so much good-will to impart and to
receive, that each individual threatens to become the other.
But the law of individuality collects its assent strength ; you
are you, lam I; and so we remain. Finally, as to " great"
men—is not that word injurious? Is there caste? Is there
fate ? This cheapness of men, this rarity of virtue—it is—
(is it not?)—the tragedy of the world. It is as real a lose
that others should be low, as that we should be low ; for we
must have society. Strictly speaking, there are no " com-
mon men." The heroes of the hour are only relatively great;
individuals of a faster growth, or of whom some quality is
ripe that is in request. Other days demand other qualities.
• The supposed injustice disappears when we see the central
identity,—that we are of the substance that ordaineth and
' doeth this. I come to the truest and greatest benefit of any
' genius only when I see him as the vehicle of a grander
power; the moment he oases to help me as a cause. he
begins to help me as an effect. Then he appears in has right
representative character,—a medium of tenth and help,—and
' betraying the tendency of a vaster mind and will ; the opaque
becomes transparent, the light of the first cause beams,
' through him, and we deal at first band with the Author of ,
being. The Manchester people are not a little proud that
Mr. Emerson has consented to give them the first edition of
his "great thoughts."

tatrsutar
BIRKENTIEAD.—Yesterday morning the usual meet-
ing of the Birkenhead Dock Commissioners was held at the
offices in Hamilton-square. Wm. Potter, Esq. occupied the
chair.—Mr. Pike thought it exceedingly desirable that the
dock works should be immediately resumed ; but as the bill
to sanction the proposed government loan could not be ob-
tained before next March, he proposed that the Dock and
Warehouse Company shruld be called upon to pay ierne.
diately to the commissioners 5,0001. on account of their debt,
and a like sum monthly unit the whole should be
paid; soli if this were not acceded to, that the law clerk
should take steps for the immediate reoovery of the whole
amount.—Mr. \Vm. Laird moved as an amendment that a
committee should be appointed to confer with the Dock and
Warehouse Company to consider and to report on the present
position of affairs, and endeavour to make some arrangement
for carrying on the works, and that Mr. Bailey and Mr.
Harnett be requested to attend the conference on behalf of
the bondholders.—The amendment was carried, and the
meeting adjourned for a week, to receive the result. If not
favourable, Mr. Pike's motion will be re-proposed.