The Express.
London, England, 1849-03-19 00:00:00

Zia Orpreoo.

OUTGOING NAHA.
The bib Ihr Gibraltar, Natte;Orebth be balm Isbada Poet,
a*" Was. lam% Impaaap, aid GM& bireballetoT.
N bade mei Ms d the Ntlilimb.
TM tele br NINO IWO AtriAtili. dal the IMP;
MU he
memaide *op m the Me 2114 lbw&
The Ott bareal te be tleausevamea. Wet, Mies,
Cori" bib. Basetes& Mei vill mbe op es the maim fa
the 24114/mele.
The Eels Mr Vbs. Operte. Wee, Maim Cabs. sad Minim I
.lit be mile m ea the Minim due 27th Mane.
TM be kr the we Cartel Alike sad bedsits MUM made 11
op as be emeas el the UM eV Nerds.
The meth kr New death Maim, Tea Dlemia's Lead, mid Pew
Talked MU be nab was the mita of the be Starch.
~ga
rhe Wait tedle Maas, leelaelag Permaia, bermes. Pam%
New Orleme, ase Maim, art meladrag those lei
immeereffes, New Grenada, cam, sad PIM will
be bade ap co the mare 01 tie 3art al April.
Ye bath ler Bdain, be laMl.. wad Belem Arm, will be made
ap aa the emeiteg ot the 4th of April.

WOK WATER AT LONDON =IDOLMA.
Tor DAT "—Mersisa.ll4 Etta pea 9, AMlnili. NM 0.
To-nrawe.—lllawilir, WNW. pea 10; At Rlem:s."lols. Rat 1
11.

LONDON, MONDAY, MAR. 19.
IN most countries in Europe during the last six
mouths has been pinion a great straggle of principles,
lees in the ehapeof open war, which, however, has some-
times been the ease, than in a kind of pacific contest,
in which ideas have been comb/'u* and public mi.
Lion the arbiter. The greet principles of sove-
reign authority on the one hand, of popu-
lar liberty on the other, hare been the
antagonists. And each of these has gained or lost
ground lees by its own merits, wisdom, or courage,
then by the faults or follies of that opposed to it. No
one can entertlis a doubt that had the popular par-
ties which triumphed in France, Berlin, Vienna, and in
Italy, shown even a moderate degree of sagacity and
political wisdom, they might have held their ground,
consolidated their power, and defied the machinations
of those whom they overthrew. It was, in fact, not
military science that finally conquered, but popular
folly that succumbed.
In what this popular folly consisted, we Dead
',mealy take the trouble to point out. All are &wive;
how every advantage, instead of being moderately
nude use of, was paged to the extreme—that eves
democracy did not content the French democrats,
unleseezteaded t• private and public spoliation,—thet
a lees practical but milder fanaticism pervaded thip
German popular assemblies, whilst the Italians in-
delged in a mire Lazarus enjoyment of freedom?
without taking any tattooed pains to Menden inde-
pendence already purchased by the popular NNW
and blod.
This fault, which democracy made in 1848, abso-
lutism seems inclined to make in 1849 ; although,
fortunately for our lopes of peace and freedom, ab-
solatiam, as a power and a principe, has been mush
narrowed. The King of PRITSSIA does not sips* as
an absolute prince; whilst he of Austria, however
absolutist by the mouth of RADETSXI, WINDISCH,
GRATZ, and SCHWARZRNBERO, speaks liberally enough
by the organ of Count STADION.
The fact mane to be, that all those statesmen whe
have especially tamed their attention to the science of
dogteeth, administration, admit the necessity of basing
it on popular liberties ; whilst that other class of p
ticians, who have been versed in diplomacy or military
command, lean to the dictatorial, the violent, and
the coercive. Thas,whilat STADION would free Austria,
SCHWA/MENDER° would restore the Holy Animus is
coerce Italy. And .whilst ihe Prussian functionary
ekes is far sonstindisaal government, the courtiers
pews for a government sew had.
Yet political opteher hen made wok liberal progress
dre7l.•
eingintstruitthe year, that than now remains bat one
ve of tielve .011 l principle of absolutism
and arateuesez. And he is to be found at St. Peters-
Wig. Isla Maws has his Owego. The King of Na-
fl al eakeyes senadbatisa, although it be but a sany
ISM .Wll bow what GSM* primes have lately done.
Itam IL...tiniself was liberal, until be breathed the
atmosphere of Gaeta. We do not despair
r e7sisiihe Duke of MODENA himself promulgate a
constitution u liberal as the old chamber of Bavaria.
. The despotinso illantrado, the enlightened despotism,
so favourite an idea a year or two ago, is quite ex-
ploded. Ruda eases, as we said, represents pure
and military alassintkm.
But althsugk ilea, earrying with them the hopee,
sonnies, aid tamlhalles of all enlightened politicians,
have rallied strong towards constitutional government,
greats have hitherto taken a despotic turn, and as
sea seem to have imbued the CZAR with a belief that
there has be.. recoil and reaction toward his peculiar
political weld. We need not say that this is a great
mistake—a mistake which, if penevenrd in, would
shay against him not merely the rabble .of Berlin,
Vienna, Frankfort, and the Italian cities, but the
citizens, the educated, the rich and noble class, nay,
many men of military =Seam and rank. The Em-
earfr of ROMA, *P•skin ras a military dictator, and
, awning that he is asedy is search to the nup=
the rights Cl the Amadeu mama ex of the
king :—this, instead el fiediag echo and • from
even the nobility ead the 'political f of
Germany, would, en the maireiry fling them baek
ones more into the ranks of liberal', ay, even into
that Cl the democrats.
It is therefore, we say,. that the Emperor of RUSSIA
mid abeolatiam are ong the same mistake as the
ultra-liberals, when they seek to press their present
advantages to the utmciet. The Czar NICHOLAS has
certainly emerged from his attitude of pismire obser-
vation, and if he has not thrown his sword into the
pending scalar, he has flew in his iron pen, almost as
Weighty and as He finds Austria enfeebled nsiip
mid powedies b 7 eashasesefend be proposes
seteelymenthiag to
betatllleassee time tohis
INVII terellerlal pommies the Demelden principal-
:Sm.. Attie awe menesatlhaSseesele him nos-
segil IleolUeDiormasat to serpeed the existing
amakidei it Iffehes-6 seism sad foolish step,
awelawing Gomm swiceptlbrities that had shoat
%hone dement, and restoring those chances of war
woes meet remote.
...Mee of the articles of this armistice at Malmo
that is cam of its interruption, the
and °Orme Orme ghouls' resume Se
slimy positions whisk they then held, so that
'Sib last -41 the sacp sisastelity restores die
armies Cosi,
=4,, ll'allalt‘l4:galimastriklitoitates the midi it
-ingests hem Osimeneeteles; All this is iinfinitely4epiolop. • Th. Domoviatiod, say, with some
It **ate eimersegesempels Sean to keep

to bs

tti gated in a nienner trill more _
sisa
then the mere It is 'tleltleds -01;er".14117.- it
Fenn for solution.
• The Dinah Kart should, however, prim 'in, fair
suit. Its ',misting in the &minds which the
lbws made for it the other day (on the 6th), aura m-
ime that " the authority et the kings of Deems* in
Weswig. was complete and indefeasible," and that
ea
emeoesson at all was to be made—this wouldbe a
mat, frantic rush into war. We believe that Lard
PALWIRST9:I offered theiling of DENMARK the &ice
of two mades ot arranging the difference—either d
dividing Schleswig into a Danish and a Gene.
=wallowing Schleswig and Holstein Warm
emirate constitutional stater, under the Isle
of the ping of Dextemix.
If the king and his Rued= coundllors, backed as
they are by
.oar Tory press, will listen to noneof these,
bat will hunt on Danifying Schleswig altogether, w.
can only say that they are iniquittusly and wan-
tonly provoking war, set only on the Byder, bat ca
the Od.r end the Vistula, one month of which
calamity all Schleswig is not worth, and which in
the end Denmark herself must principally roe.
The King of DENMARK complain that es
steps have been made to an secommodatlas
during the lest seven months. But is not that duffing
ot Dates tax's fault, who would not listen to terms,
or come to any compromise, but preferred awaking
that reaction and that predominance of military over
constitutional authority, which he thought would be
conducive to his interests, but which we are men
mistaken if his Majesty does not find precisely the
contraty?
We will, cot say that the Germans or that the'
King of Panama were right in their first attack upcn
Schleswig. Bat this we will say, that the King ef
Datienag is now wrong in suspending the armistice
at a Vine when every government and every authority
in Gunny is unsettled, and when commonly
there was every fair excuse to being unable to image
satisfactorily at once a qufstion, in which the
national twit and interest of Germany were so
deeply 'mated and implicated.

OUR anticipations regarding the drift and airs of !
the prat ctiontet scheme of financial reform base
been fully realised. Already is the reckless and im-
prectic ible notion of "an expineion of the income
tax shirked and abandoned. The very echo d its
first enunciation so startled the dull ear of ariatoratic
wealth that it was I Wily resolved not to aline of
its reanration ; and, inch being the case, why not
boldly disclaim the imputatit n altogether What:
ever may have been said at the outset that savoured
thereof, must be supposed as meaning something or
as meaninr nothing at all.
To change ooe's front in the presence of an out-
numbering foo is no may task, however, in poktical
strategy. Them is danger of confusion during the
process, and of those, whose butanes" it is blindly to
ooey, not understancing what unexpected mancetvre4
they are to execute, or what new ground they. ate to
occupy. And so it fell out upon the late memo& It
was in vain that Mr. limes made I inarticulate
monde, and unintelligible signs to his friends that a
shift and a shirk were aseeinary. The bucolic mass
remained dietneted•and undecided.. Some believed
the words that DISRAELI had spokes, and some
believed them no'. Bat none would take Mr.
Mitxs's word for it that the grand plan
they had heard promulgated by their only man of
vim was a ruse, and really meant nothing more nor
less than the old story of a fixed duty on corn, and
the revival of a dlscriminatiog tariff on colonial pro-
dose. Nothing short of seeing the gnat juggler
swallow his sword would persuade the gullible' that
that double-edged weapon was about to be swallowed.
But when fur their comfort and edification the re-
markable feat was actually performed, and when Mr.
DISRAELI made the " expanded income tax" which he
had lately flourished over the frightened heads of
his followers suddenly disappear, with hardly a
perceptible effort, gulping and swallowing the
same—the delighted squires broke forth into s
chorus of exultation, such as they had not in-
dulged in since the days when they believed in Pm.
No longer halting between two expedients, they beard
with ravished ears their new meats, sad mapsier
swear he did but lest the other night when speaking
of an increased income tax. It was only " byjpotheti-
tally tput :"—who dares to say the contrary ? None
of the 189 would dare ; only in pitiful whispers they
are said to have implored never to hear such hypo-
thetical menaces again, as they were very apt to pro-
duce hysterical emotions in the stoutest landlord
hearts. _ _ .

Direct taxation being thus disposed of, there re-
mained of course but indirect whereon to rely. And
to this conclusion came the much protracted tale.
The be all and end all of protectionism is relief of the
landed interest from taxation and the transfer thereof
to the industry of the nation. The old and inveterate
vies of oligarchy is rank and vigorous as ever. Six
aerobe have not elapsed since the labouring
'anions of this country have been permitted
the luxury of a cheap loaf, and already the
grudginge and covetous voice of monopoly is
.protesting at such an outrage upon its legiti-
mate rights—its tights of stinting *he many for the
petit of the few. The good old times are sighed for
by the weak, prayed for by the fanatical, and may
yet be struggled for again by the reckless and dariOg,
in which no article of ordinary consumption wan to
be bad at its natural price; but every article was
bought and sold only at the factitious price which
suited the wants or whims of the landed aristocracy.
And these are the halcyon days which we are now
openly told a atm erusade is about being organised
to restore. _

-----
Then if it be, let the aristocracy of this country
abide the lane. Let them thus clearly prove to the'
bulk of the community that they are incapable of
teaching by experience, and umensible to public
shame • let them attempt to break the settlement or
1848, e{nd to throw every trade and interest in the
reentry into jeopardy once more ; and, however we
may deplore for their sakes the infatuation Of
their-
coane, for the mike of popular progress and advance-
meat we shall assuredly have no reason to complain.-
Tor, ere a single blow be struck, or a single
Ipoint of oar commercial liberty be turned, a
spirit of residence and oldefiance would be kindled
throughout England which no tardy conceesions
could appease. :Let the people of these realms once,
Clearly understand that in a legislature constituted as
the present leirislatere is, the meanest of man's rights
the free nght of labour—is no longer safe, and
the demand for artistic charges will no longer be.
the math of theoretical conviction but the impales of
the plainest instinct of self-preservation. Democratic
claims, will no more rest on political grounds
alone., Their aeration will •ome a social
necessity which will not be baled or stayed. Nothing
'short of a complete and unquestionable preponderance
will then satisfy those who have heretofore smelt-
but equality. The challenge of Mr. DIMIABLI may
charm biter( &dots and shortsighted dupes, but on
the day that any serious attempt is made to re-enact
protecting duties on the necessaries of life the knell of
the landed aristocracy will have been rung!

Fon a whig minister the First Lord of the Admi-
ralty took high ground on Friday evening. He
bluntly asserted that it is the duty of the Howe of
Commons to vote the number of seamen ministers
think proper to ask, without troubling them to assign'
any reason for demanding so many. "He thought
it better to place this matter on that which was the
real conetatutional ground, viz., that of its being •
question et eanddence, the government of the day
being the bast judges of the state of affairs." This is
to deity iadspondent meabers any voice in the adjust-
mist of the, estimates of expenditure foe defensive
=B5. It ties them down either us take Wee so-
wetly u they are presented to them, or to
join ill the opposition to throw out ministers. It is
Akin/ unfair advantage of the libbruls with twofer a
hutted, Ittinistry, distally ott the whole to liberal
institution', to &Rodney which wohid restore protec-
ting spa monopoly sod *row thiscountry nareurvedlir
Lepollie sties et oortiseatid absolution ; bat who,
josilbolus, think that even the ministers they prefer
seght iss mom Willy to work in introdnotng re-
froshonsat sod Other :Arms. It Sues to transform
doiltrimie emaintarefoint an independent body of
betkeNit islsgatist,llsidtsf the strings of tittlistional

kitutry of
meets' noWaya
ial position to
y• recto 4g the
tw•aaao for

esti-
mates it
goiwestiaLegoommittestic theasimitesstor:
rdeired that
into the o the navy
withoat asking ministers to state beforehand
how ranch =easy they thought would be ri gaited for
the whole- wilco' Of the year civil" and mtittiry;
I What *pose they bad for thinking that so much
would .be needed;; and what reasons they tad
for believing that the nation could afford to much
without endangering its material interests. As
gnuallatis of the national purse' the House of Coin-
=,sie bound to ascertain that the estimated ripen-
for the year Is absolutely necesearY, and that it
does not exceed the powers of the nation to pay. Bat
the house refuses to ask any such prerminery expla-
nation from ministers. It thereby direnableeitself to
say, we may curtail so much of our military or naval
expenditure in order to obtain the means of paying
for more important objects, the mcation of sanitary
or educational reform, the perfecting of our judicial
establishments, or the like. And when the navy
estimate are presented to it, the house follows up
tide *reds and submissive abnegation of its oonstitu-
dotal authority by voting the exact number of see-
n', ministers ask fur, lest it should appear impolite
fa doubting their infallibility.
If the financial business of tie House of Commons
is to be conducted on this principle, it may be sim-
plified and shortened with great advantage to all J
mama Let the house be called upon at the
ammemmat of each session to declare whether
iteeatbdies to have confidence in the ministers for the
time beiag. If the house declares that they. have lost
1 elifidenoe, let a new ministry be appointed. If
the house declares that they still enjoy its confidence,
then let the ministers simply name the sums required
teethe military,naysl, and civilexpenditure of the year,
.and ask the house to go at once tato committee of
ways and means, (without wasting time in the mere
formal and unnecessary struggles of a committee of
supply. By this arrangement the business of the
session would be materially abridged, and the people
disabused of the mistaken notion that their represen-
tatives have a right to control or limit the amount of
the_year's expenditure.
The CHANCELLOR OP THE EXCHEQUER had paved
the way for this attempt, on the part of the First Lord
of the Admiralty, to persuade the House of Commons
to relinquish its constitutional functions. lie had
appealed to the f ars of the holm, by representing
that any reduction of our naval or other armaments
would, of necessity, be interp-eted by other nations
into an incapacity to maintain them. and would con-
sequently invite aggression. Mr. Connec exposed
this wretched subterfuge and fallacy in a masterly
mermen He pointed out the confusion of ideas in-
volved in the assertion that these who advocate a
smaller navy are necestati'y advocates of a lest
efficient establishment. He showed, by the example
of the United Stater, that a much less numerate navy
than this country keeps in commission, might,
by paying the officersandlmen more liberally,
exacting more duty from them, and distri-
buting our ships with more regard to actual
and real exigencies, be rendered much mere efficient
than the enormous establishment that is at present
kept up. There can be no danger of inviting foreign
aggression by such discussions as this. As we have
repeatedly mid, any government wishing to pick a
quarrel with Great Britain will look more to the
state of the national accounts than to the number of
soldiers reg.mented, or ships in commission at the
moment t sod any quarrelsome propensities in a
neighbour ere more likely to be damped by seeing
this country wisely economising its military, and na-
val resources in tune of peace, than by seeing it ex-
hausting these resources in the maintenance of use-
less armaments.

Mr. COBDEN concluded his speech, on Friday even-
ing, by declaring ttat he would not cease to insist
upon a reduction of our expenditure for military and
naval purpose., and that be was encouraged to peter-
vere by the partial success that has already attended
the efforts of himself and his friends. This was no
vain boast: the statement of the Secretary of the
Admiralty shows that Mr. COBDEN spoke the simple
truth. At the beginning of last session ministers
professed to have prepared their estimates with the
utmost attention to economy. Yet before the end of
that session they contrived to reduce their ecoromical
navy estimates by 200,0001. And this session they
profess to have discovered the means of making a still
further reduotToa of 400,0001. With theee facts
staring them in the face, who can doubt that mi-1
nisters, if properly pressed, can contrive to economise
still further? It is not the ability, but the will, to
economise in which they are deficient, and perse-
verance will compel them, however reluctant, to re-
trench on a much larger sale.
We are quite aware that the ministerial party affect
to talk lightly of the strength of the financial re-
formers in parliament, and that their whippers-in
affect to deem it unnecessary even to take a note of
those members whet divide with Mr. Hum. That

this is mere empty talk must at once be obvious to all
who take the trouble to examine the division lists,
and call to mind the determined exertions in behalf
of diminished taxation now making by financial
associations in the towns, and the opponents of the
malt tax in the counties. Numerically small though
the minorities of the determined financial reformers

have been, they woold have been still amaller
but for a flootiog balance of members who only
vote with them occasionally. About two-
thirds of these minorities coneist of mea who

are resolved to carry their point; the remaining
third is made op ot numbers who only voteerith them
occasionally, when the ministerial whippers-in have
momentarily relaxed in their vigilance. or when con-
ed untie are particelerly urgent. Theme occasional
recruits are eontributed from all eectonsof the house.

As the public determination to hays financial reform
grows more urgent these occasional voters will increase
in number, and their support become more constant.
The party of the practial eoonomists in the House of
Commons shady trebles in Amount that by the aid
of which Mr. Huma'realeepleas energy extorted large
and important financial reforms from an unreformed
House of Commons. And the ability, knowledge, and
tact with which the battle of retrenchment was fought
on the windage of Thursday and Pride_y last
by Bit WILLIAM MOLESWORTM, Means.MILNER
°mon, Bums, and COBDEN, to say nothing of Mr.
Hurts, the patriarch, of national economy, warrant
a confident anticipation that their party will speedily'
attain a position that will enable to hold the
balance between the factions contending for place,
and compel them to court its assistance by fathering
the object it has in riew.

FRANCE.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.

81711310 OF SATURDAY.
la its discussion on tha budget, K. Goudehanz made a
statement of the' financial situation. He esaudard motes.
airily the badges of eaelrywar since 1814. The restoration,
he said, battened the finances raised by wars which had
established the glory of Fran... Succeeding' revolutions
augmented the financial entharrarments ; the last govern
meat esp, daily eneonstered these embarrassments in conse-
quent of a rapid increase in the defences of the country. At-
cordinely, the government of February had to realise a sum
of 840,679,333 franca, in order to meet the full demands.
?Instate of matters, as Shown by the budget of 1849, impe-
ratively required that they should enter upon this year by a
course of order and economy which alone could save •
the tounto7 from the catastrophes by which it is surrounded.
The republican government is brsuld and desires to revive
indnury ; and It can only bore to obtain this result. eo neces-
sary to ib annoy* by showing a firm wish to arrive quickly
at an equalisation of the budgets; and, that equalisation
once established, never again to allow it to be destroyed.
Y. AMU.= YOULD considered that he had the better
right to defied the last government, inasmuch as he had
been the first to point oat the danger in which it was plated.
Had the government which aneosedel it taken the best
mew to repair the evil ? He thought not. He was certain,
Jaded, that it had increased it, What had it dens?
From the first it had thrown open all thwTreatary cheats,
reimbursed the Trwsary bons and the depodters of the savings
banks; it had eves aa pated the payment althea par cent.
Reates—and all this was dose to give caditlinco. And
what woe tha result ? Why, that those who first pre-
sented themselves were paid because they Inured to trust the
government. and those who had trusted it were not paid at
mil. After having pointed out the augmentation of the
public debt, the speaker eamplainsd that a report of the
satire expenditure lied not been presents& Not having re.
ports on many of the budgets, it was impoadble to arrive at
any benatial result. Re then went on to show that the
gep•bliein government had not taken the measures
n. cessary to ameliorate the condition of things. (he
added) if we preserve the cliff-alma we May go thrwogh
18th, bat for 4863, "think it inditpenabble to prepare a nor-
Rai budget.
N. ClovoaNaux could aot 'have osteshei that any ono
=add nem* thagovisastat ofFebawy with hobs doss

wrong in paying, that the paid* mind might be Fccentred.
"Yee," said he, "on the 26tn Feb., when the *sung was
threatened, I had the oourage to opts all **chests, eagles
that the republic acknowledged all the debt, of the former
government, and I desired thus to re-establish confident*.
Me then quoted *era his former report, to show that the mea-
sates Maned to by M. Foald were taken in order to esta-
blish a protest against *tee who promulgated the theory
that republosaisra was synonymous with bankrupt*. It was
hie ascomeor, II Gamier Pagls, who carried out this plan.
M. FOULD never Wendt* to attack the inteatimis of M.
Goudebaux.
M. RUBY, Minister of Finance, urged them sot to keg*
the difficulties I. which the men plated at the had ofthe
government found themselves. It wee impossible to meet
the embarrearneat, without having recourse to the taxes,
and how could they have established an efficaciona tax
except upon landed property. He, was glad to render
justice to M. Gondebaux. He did not say that it was im-
possible to make a Ism heavy tog theta the one of 46 an-
times upon the agricultural districts ; but he would my, that
at the time this decision was taken, it wasof more Importance
to act prompdy theists trait till they could act in the best
goner.
M. Hawn* Pages thanked the minister for the words
he bad just uttered.
M. Pest then entered into detailed mounts to shew;that
the deficit this year was by no means as considerable as hod
been said ; for the months of January and February it did
not amount to four millions; for the corresponding months
allot year it was fourteen million. if tranquillity conti-
nued, all things tended to show that the deficit would be
quickly filled up.
M. Lion FAOCIIIIII moved the passing to the order of the
day, which was agreed to by a majority of 369—the debate
being adjourned till Monday.

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 19, 1849%
..
*ioliwien on 'hilt leadri irgt.titsaiis than their tamed ' into* mere forted coin* '6O Vitt
can ' .- Httlairto ,thaniravt : born patritt; - totiel*litito• : • ' ....., .
_°
.. 001 !blow ether iko oof Ifie non nt Hottlea4 ComiZto meths' i
F titattoreas 4rt the gen-. locks& swept the nt' pi ntial posit
ADO* or ,_,- Butiok urhich . ters weeLlesosaign i: Ely-Mica
that Phan pettdomiastes at • kfort; Bit never. t mowel Whir:lima on ttre:nrot
at Berlin mitt, shared with and i od ty a goi io•o committee, the -kens. declared 1
constitational aad nationally German etwownlaly, IL* wow into all the details- of the nav
tcabinet foam that the &MONA( question will sates withrot asking minister* to state ha;
iialt
llaeotod in .4 laanaer....iill more unkworFißa to how tench nosey thy thought would be nom