The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-30 00:00:00

history to teeth them that political influence aid
maimileeo inn.... et, are doe ly botluti together.
Praise ern s • 1.0 it ties key of the mokets ; the
tariff of the li. e. c Jew will appear to you, if
non o,na! to b a deelerntion of sympathy towards
ig ,gyred to w' idi your government has not thought
it asonsul to respond.
" And yet, abova the queetion of ri;ht, abcve the
qt,„eios or p.hticil interest, both of which were of a
stare to exe te early the attention of England, there
b. as I hive said, anceh.r question being agitated at
Rome of a very different kind of importance, and whisk
ought to Irve around all those who believe in the
vital principle of religions ref irmation—it is that al
meaty of cosc.ence. The religious question which
broods at the root of all pelitical questions showed ,
self au re great and visble in all its European imp( rt-
owe. The Pops at Gaeta was the theory of absolute
infallible *nth( rity exiled from Rome for ever; and
exiled ream Rome was to b.: exiled from the world.
The al) litien of the temporal power evidently drew
with in the minds of all these who underet iod the
secret of the papal authotity, the emancipation of
men's mines from the spiritual authority. The prin-
ciple of liberty and of free consent, elevated by the
constituent assembly into a living active right, tended
molly to destroy the absolutist dogma which from
Rome alms more than over to enchain the universe.
Tho high aristocracy of the Roman catholic
clergy well know the impossibility of retain-
ing the soul in darkness, in the midst of
light inundating the iutelligerets of men; fir
this reason they carried off their Pope to Gaeta;
foe this reason they now refuse all compromise. They
know that any compromise would be fatal to them ;
that they must re-enter as conquerors, or not at all.
And iu the same way that the aristocracy of the
clergy felt this inseparability of the two powers, the
French government, in its present re-actionary march,
has felt that the keystone of despotism is at Rome—
that the ruin of the spiritual authority of the middle
*gee was the ruin of its own projects—and that the
only method of seourinr to it a few more years of
existence was to rebuild for it a temporal domination.
England has understood nothing of this. She
has not understood what there was of sublime and
prophetic in this cry of emancipaion, in this pre-
tasteti-n in favour of human liberty, issu"ng from the
very heart of ancient Rome, in the face of the Vati-
can. She has not felt the the struggle in Rome was
to cut the 0 mdian knot ef moral servitude, against
which she has long and vainly opposed her biblical
nocieti.s, her Christian and evangelical alliances ; and
that there was being opened, had she but ex'ended a
sisterly hand to the movement, a mighty pathway for
the human mind.. She has not understood that one
bold word, ' respect for the liberty of thought,' op-
poled to the hypocritical language of the French go-
vernment would have been sufficient to inaugurate
the era of a new religions policy, and to conquer for
herself a decisive ascendancy upon the continent.
" Is England beginning to understand these things?
You answer me, Yea. I doubt it. Political and re-
ligions indifference appears to me to have taken too
deep root with you to be conquered by anything
short of those internal crises which te.come more and
more inevitable. Bat if it be tree that the unequal
struggle which has been maintained for two mots
in Rime has borne fruits—if it ba tree that you
begin to understand all that there is of brut') in the
league of four powers against the awakening of the
eternal city—all that there is of grand and
fruitful for humanity in this cry of country and
liberty, rising from among the ruins of the capitol—
all that there would be of noble, of generous, of
profitable for England in responding to this cry, as to
that of a sister towards whom a debt of gratitude is
owed—you can still do us a great good. You may
console—this you have always done— the exile of our
combatants, whom the French government tears from
their homes to cast them out, poor mistaken souls,
who dreamed of the fraternity of France, in utter
physical destitution, and in despair of mind! Yea
can save for us these spirits, by preserving them
from the attacks of doubt,o and of unmeasuvoice ofred re- I
action. You can, by y press, by the
your meeting., fix upon the forehead of the
French republic the mark of Cain: upon the front
of Rome the glory of a martyrdom which
contains the premise of victory ; you caa
give to Europe the consciousness that Italy
is being born anew, and to Italy a re-
doubled faith in hereelL Yon may do more.
The finds g
is far hem being resolved.
France finds herself placed between the neoseeity of
giving way to a new insurrection, and that of pro- I
longing indefinitely the occupation by her troops;
thus cheling intervention into conquest. Assemble
yourselves, associate youngest, organise a vast agita-
tion fir the political and religiousindependence of
the peoples ; and say to your government, that honour,
duty, and the future of England demand that her flag
shall not hang idly in atheistic immobility, amidst
the continued violation of the principle which it
represents; that France has not the right to dispose
of the Roman States as she pleases; that the will of
the Roman people ought to be expensed, and that it
cannot be freely expressed while four hostile armies
are encamped upon its territories. Call upon Frame
to fulfil her peasants. We could not admi
the elected of the people--that they should b=
span to expose a second time what they had already
peacefully, completely, and in the most unfettered
manner declared. We could not commit suicide upon
ourselves in our most sacred right. Bat, since
violence has annihilated the co 'lents of its ex.
eras-, it is for you now to recall France to its en-
ga.temenis, and to say to her : "All that you are
abut to do is null and illegal, if the will of the popu-
lations is not consulted." And if your government
remains silent—if France pursues her career et
violence—then it is for you, the people, to aid es
you men of justice and liberty, in the struggle. With
or without the aid of the peoples we will re-cononewse
this struggle. We cannot, we will no', sacrifice our
future and the destinies towards which we are culled
by God, to the caprices of egotism and of blind force.
Bat the assis'ance of the peoples may spare us many
bloody sacrifices, much reactionary violence, that we,
men of order and peace, have striven to avoid, but
which, in the powerlessness of exile, we may not be
able to prevent. • • •
August 6, 1849. JOSEPH MAZZINL

Istraisoinenne or • SIMI& Seance,
Tao following representation ham been made by the
President of tbe South American and Mexican Asso-
ciation to Viscount Palmerston, her Majesty's blinis-
ter of State for Foreign Affairs, concerning the im-
p-isonment of George Watd, Fog., at Canvas, by the
government of Venezuela :
To the Right Hsnourshle Visount Palmerston, 11. P.,
one of Her Majesty's Priaeipal Secretaries of State,
&c., &c.
13, Austin-Mars, Aug. 23,1849.
My Lord—The committee of the South American and
Mexican Association are under the necessity of bringing
before your lordship a sus of gives outrage committed ty
the venerate, of Verserntle, in the arbitrary imprison-
went of a British subjoin in the city of Caracas.
Mr. George Ward, a merchant of the highest respect-
abilith who hex been resident in Caracas and La Guyon
for the last twenty-five years, has hem amsted and
*howl into prison on • pretended charge of conspiracy
against the glvernment of Venezuela. For this charge Mr.
Ward dc clines there is not the remotest pretence of any kind ;
that, t,n the contrary, during the political agitation which
has is long prevailed in Venezuela, he has been specially
careful to abstain from the slightest interference or meddling
in political affairs. After being detained three days in pri-
son, without being allowed comnication with any one,
Mr. Ward was Warned that the u charges brought against
him were as follows:
F.retly, that the handwriting of a slip of paper, without
tignyure, date, or address, containing something of a plan
of a conspiracy spinet the government, having been cone-
par..d with the kandweiting of a letter
written which
bha d been
Ward found
in the archives of the reverantest, y X. to
the government, on official badmen, in the year 1838, was
befitted to correspond therewith. Mr. Ward, ea the said
him,of paper being prcdueed, denied that it was Written by
or tt at his knew anything whatever of it.
Secondly, he was charged with being acquainted with five
peso:.., whet* names were mentioned, and who were said
to be implicated in a conspi gainst the goverament ; in
awe rto which Mr. Ward ateted that, in regret to three
Of th,..se peruses he did not know them at ell, and in respect
terc of them, he only knew them in a transaction in Du-
Antis, •he psrticulare of which he detailed in answer to
the • %.,tions put to him.
tic these frivolous pretences Kr. Ward is detained in
meats the city of Caracas, and he can neither obtain a
es se to brinthe matter to kw, or a release from
erect, although he has applied to the gOvernatent
a the acting British consul. He has declared that
ha new sad detention are both illegal, but be is unable to
ebt- 'ay ruir.m. Is is a law of Venisusla, that in the
Rent 1-n-ion of sedwriting the witness mast bare seen the
• •• the in•trument, or the party mast acknowledge
" ',loten a. Neither the one nor the other has oc-
ean . I.r.aent cane. The arrest is illegal, there'd*,
lose As comet,