The Express.
London, England, 1856-09-18 00:00:00

oAlf EVENING, s OPTIMIZE 18, 1888.

• :

the Osman gate to the Oastle tnerket*ase del
Oaratine minims of dragoons sot Mem. will
pass the night el Ara% wldlet epeeist Was on
the two railways are esostently Wastes nu-
serous bodies of infantry. With the 'anises, which
is early 16,000 strong, there will be here
this evening a force of sore than 46,000 sem This
great concentration of troops has been cammanded
on amount of the festival, the Nativity of the
Virgin, which is generally celebrated here with
greet pom
"It is afact that the Hine of Naples can anew-
trate sny day in the week 60,000 sea is Ids ivied.
without drawing them from the poisons at Uwe
and Gaeta." _ _ .

—asset; Martial, the Austrian ambarsior to the
court of Naples, has arrived at Views ham kaki.
It was rammed that, owing to the mine tarn affairs
are taking in that part of Italy, tbis diplomatist
would not return to his post. Baron de Bouroossey
has retuned to Vienna from laohl.

A letter heel Berlin, of the 14th, le the Comfits.-
&ma, says:
The 'Wombat made by estenl jaunts that the sedate
of lb. lam of 30,000,000 of thole's, emosatleg
8,700,000 shalom, le to be employed la Meresalag the Pres-
siaa army, Y sompletely ustiamded. A bill will be sub-
mitted to Om Cbeasben to devote this ma to the oar
streaks sad Milo; out of throe large vessels of
war. ♦ ham frog St. Petersburg states that the Emma
D singer of Beale will start for Italy abort the sad of the
pretest swath. Bhe will per through Balla la the &ritu-
als/I of Oetober. Plasm are sow leader emaiderstioe at
the Ministry of War for the templets rsosaarsatioa of the
ferallestieas of Magdeberg. That plea requires imam-
ate, fa masequaes of this Menem of the takabitests, bat
the prsamat fortalastkoas prnsat say sew Muss from Wag
balls

Another letter treat Bella of the new date says

We oodentaad that a seta has bee■ addseesed to-the
+a• powers relative to tba affair of lieefehatel. The
Ode* of it is sot manly to mune the rights of Pratelo,
bat kb Bald that the Ptuelaa govaeaseat ~Men the
delheltke eottlesteat of tk• ;melba amediag to treaties aa
imelkpaeable ia the to of the 'moo of Europe.
M. A. Es Humboldt celebratad the 89th maim.
eery et Me birth on the 14th Wit

• !. ;

AUSTRIAN RAILWAYS.

yeallets =pros surprise that while the
exhibits a decided tendency to take
railway projects, those of Austria are met
31b disfavour—the LombardoNeetr
11111110fi the Empress Elisabeth lines being the only
Sees meshed on the official lit of the London Stock
inshange. The maim, however, is a very simple
ens. Railway sebum in both those countries ere
mainly depeudeet foe nom* in oar mai keta on the
state guarantees attached to them; and it is but
reerionable, looking upon them es government stooks
in another farm, to bear in mind that when Russian
Five per Ont. stock was worth 11l in the market,
that of Austria was not easy of negotiation at 88.
Still we think that, looking upon them as onemercial
undertakings, independent of the state guarantee, the
Austrian lines of railway ate infinitely more pre•
sling than those of Russia. The latter, in feet,
so fee as the general direction of the proposed
Ilse. has been published, seem to be, like the
Moscow line, projected more as military roads than
es greet commercial arteries j and until we have more
_ _

riders than hither," exists of the seamisor
.ot by Roods of her military predilestheo, sad
of an earnest desire to improve and develop tbe cow
swirl capabilities of the empire, we believe that the
advantage must long remain on the side of Austria&
railways ea remunerative undertakings.
The principal railways of Austria were constructed
and worked by the State; but it appears to be a Me
to whist' there is seemly as exception, that when a
Bilommorit inaletakes a commercial 'surprise it
MM It lAN sod that political loft-maces and the
natio el sellepisei invariably cheek and dimmi-
ng* ell alisple le develop the latent prosperity se
the esimelleg. The intelligent finance minister of
Asada, Berea Brock, a man brought up in the school
of practical commerce was not likely to overlook this
fact, and he has not only taken the first opportunity
of recovering the capital represented by the
state lines, bat has encouraged by every means
the eileaelea of the railway system of Austria, and
die sue =the development of her extraordinary
oreliieve apabtlitiss. The first step is this direo-
time INm team in 1864, when a body of capitalists,
amps Wm were the Moors. Pante, the energetic
and sloth= honders of the Freer Ctedit Mobdier,
prilested the Asetrian Railway Company, with a
vie, topotobodoi and working the state lire.
The reetent cheese rendered the operation a some-
whet &rings's but the very risk incurred made its
mem mood i s f the first difficulty of providing
capital Gould be overcome. The Austrian govern-
ment, sorely pressed in its finances, sad with a pro-
longed war with Ronk possible, needed ready
money, and was evidently disposed to make a bar-
pus on terms very advantageous to the promoters of
the company.
For the rum of 8,000,0001. the state ceded to the
company for 90 years about 683 miles of railway, of
which 614 miles were in fell operation, with the
proper complement of engines, tenders, carriages, &c.,
valued at 410,0001. The remaining 70 miles, between
Seegedin and Terneavar, are sot yet completed, but
are included in the purchase money, and are to be de-
livered to the company in working condition. The
portion already la operation comprises the line from
Bodenbech, on the &zoo frontier, to Prague and
Olmuts, with a branch to Brfinn ; the South Eastern
line rues from Vienna to Pesth and Seolnok, with a
branch to Szegedin. 'fhe condonation of thisportioo,
from Trimesvar to the Danube at Beneath, is to be
made by the Company. In addition to thetas lines of
railway, the purchase sway includes the not to be
paid for very extensive and valuable mines and iron
works, among whieb are those of the lignite district of
Soboehleben, near Toplitz ; the Brundoial coal mines.
near Prague; and those of the Banat, round Ora-
nest, encoding to the Danube. This district slim
contains valuable metallic deposits, particuluty,
of ins.
The payments were to be made in 36 monthly Im
stslavents, beginning in March, 1866; and, as omit
of these payments amounts to nearly 221,0001., the
undertaking on the part of the promoters was a sow-
what bold one, considering the political features sf
the time. The immediate result of placing these
important line" of railway in the hands of a piddle
company was an increase in the receipts and a dimi-
nution in the cost of waking; and the dividend for
the lest half year amounted to 14 per eat. on the
paidlip capital, while the profits derivable hem the
various mineral properties and estates connusted with
them have yet to be developed. Without partici.
prang in the sanguine expectations of the Vistas
=vitalist@ as to the position of the national and oom-
mmuilal flames of Austria, it is a subject scarcely
admitting of doubt that the impulse given to pc•
dinstion in the rich southern provisoes watered
the Danube and its tributaries must have a
powerful effect both on the social and political
of their inhabitants. Railways and tele-
polo are to the present age what the printing
proenties to the fifteenth century—the great destroy-
ers et Igaseamas, prejudice, and slavery of body and
mind. A community whose wealth and intelligence
are perpetually increasing by extended facilities for
communication with its neighbours, can no longer be
I governed by the old system—the main strength of
I which was the isolation, the poverty, and the
ignorance of the various populations; and while the
necessity of promoting the prosperity of its subjects
is forced s•ppoa the Austrian government by its
financial difficulties, the system of ruling by the
bayonet and the police must eveatnally be abandoned
for one more consonant to the wants of a wealthier
and more intelligent population.
In addition to the lines of railway above
noticed, a concession has been recently granted
to a powerful company, including, besides
several French capitalists connected with the Im-
perial Austrian railways, the great Amin=
eons of Sins, Prince Raterhazy, and other
wealthy members of the German financial aristoorasy.
This new network of railways, the Francis Joseph
lines, is destined to open up the traffic of that portion
of Hungary lying west of the Darinbe, and to °su-
nset the whole of the eastern lines from Debreezin
god Gross Witt Oil with Trieste, through Path and
Lair& This latter town will form the point of
leaseseetion of the various main lines, one of which
will run from Vienna to Gross Kris*, Fanfkirchen,
Leek, Peterwardein, and Sunlit). This will be
eressed by another line from Pesch, through Stahl
Wolesenberg and lonise, joining the Trieste line at
Plfitsehach, and a third line will connect Comore
with Stahl Weimenberg and Ffinfkirchen. The
capital of the company is to be 6,000,0001., and the
t guarantees 6 per cent. interest os
t 0,0006.1.11,0001., with an additional one-fifth per cent. as
a einkiog fund.
The importance of these lines as regards the future
of Hungary is very great. The extraordinary fer-
tility of the district which they traverse is known
lininghont Europe, but the difficulties of transport,
orbs to the wretched condition of the roads gene-
Telly, has been a serious drawback to its prosperity.
Feintkirchen Is the centre of the richest coal district
of the Austrian empire, and the country south of
Vienna, traversed by theselines, produces and can
produce almost unlimited quantities of grain of all
sorts, cattle, tobacco, hemp, flax, and wine. The
wool derived from its vast flocks of sheep is another
well-known source of wealth, which admits of con-
siderable increase as new outlets are provided towards
the Adriatic and the Danube. It is to these under-
takinrgai:e mast look for a sounder finan-
cial in Austria, for there can be no
question as to the effects which pod and
uremia' modes of transport between various ports
of the empire must eventually produce. The reset
of the North Ferdinand line, the only one worked by
a powerful company with sufficient fonds to setab-
llsk the necessary plant and buildings, have steadily
increased every year (with the exception of 1848) from
1,28 W. per mile io 1846 to 3,4881. in 1865; and now
that commercial enterprise is directing itself towards
Turkey, and the importance of lines of railway which
shall not only be the great channels of communication
with the Danube but the high road of Cenral Europe
towards Constantinople is seen, we are jutified in
believing that the encouragement gives by BOWS
Bruck to these enterprises is a great stroke of floss-
eisl policy. Onerous to Austria as the guarantees
may appear, they are sot so is reality, from the ein
onnestaace that the charm that they may be required
are exceedingly remote; and above all they may be
considered safe, burns • ustrien capital is so largely
engaged in these enterprises that it would boa highly
damdangerous policy to tamper with them, were the go-1
Yornossat even mad enough to attempt it.