The Express.
London, England, 1847-01-01 00:00:00

-5 he ppreMS.

The West India mole, Including those kir Meniteo, Hondurae, and
the Elavannah, will be made up on the morning of the 2nd January
(to-morrow).
Tb, overland emits for Gibraltar, Maltit,Oweers, the lonian Islands,
Aden, Ceylon, ludh, Hong-Kong, and China, sir Soutnammon,
ale up on the evening of the Ind Jannary (to-morrow).
The math. for Brtti.b North America, Bermuda, and the United
Staten will be made up on the evening of the Ith January.
The melt, for the Bruits, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam-
buco, Bahia, Maletra, and Buenos Ayres, will be dispatches' on the
evening of the 4th January.
The overland closed mails, Ma Marseilles, to the Mediterranean,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, licing Kong, he, will be made up on the
enening of the 7th January.
The mails fur Vigo, Oporto, Lichen, dfadeirs, Cadie, end Gibraltar,
will be made up on the morning of the 7th January.
The mails for New South Wale., Van Diemen* Land. end New
Zesiend will be made up on the evening of the Slat January.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We cannot nodes, in say way, any eommonicstion that is sent to us
anonymously ; but those whoeboose to oddrem us to confidence vrlll
End their coot Wen** respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TO RETURN ANT MANUSCRIPTS WRATEVER.
•.• Advertisements intended far TA* Rowers, Londonevening paper,
must be at the Oflion by Two o'clock on the day of publioation.

HIGH WAWA AT LONDON-MID:AL
Tens tIAT. —Horning, 42 Mill. pea t ; Afternoon. 6 palm pent L
To-Moititow—Mcenleg. is rate. pet 2; Afternoca, 47 min. lost 3.

LONDON, FRIDAY, JAN. 1.
Wnrriren the retrospect which is so naturally
taken at the commencement of a new year, be mea-
sured by that space, by generations, or by centnri es, such
views, at the present moment, however chequered by
shadows and by sorrow, are, on the whole, lit up with
satisfaction and hope. The world, and our world
especially, is in decided progress, marching from the
accomplishment of one great idea to that of another,
and developing the freedom, the prosperity, the
security, the intellect, and necessarily the happiness
of the human race.
If ay look back three hundred years, we find
HENRY TRX EIGHTH on his death-bed, after having
planted the tree of the Reformation, and broken the
dogme of the Church's infallibility and enpremacy.
A century nearer to ns,lhe " divine right" of kings is
undergoing the same discomfiture at the hand of
CROVIERLL : 1748 is marked by Culloden. The pro-
minent points and epochs of our history show strong
and indisputable progress. When -England has
r ed, it was u b t to make the bolder leap.
hrealirne conclusion will be come to by looking at
the last quarter of a century. About five-and-twenty
years back, the death of Lord, LONDONDERRY took
place; and with it the old Tory system, so justly
epitapbised by Mutant', began to totter. Cerneneu,
as a statesman of liberal tendencies, arose, with
Huernisow. More thorough. liberals aseepted their
aid, without limiting their vulva so partially or so
humbly. Every . year from that epoch to this
has had its campaign, its combat of one set of ideas
agains another, at times vicissitude and reverse, but
in the main, liberal ascendancy and triumph.
If anything was wanting to prove the truth and
soundness of those liberal principles which have
triumphed, it is the circumstance of their defeating
the antagonist principles it monopoly, bigotry, and
class privilege, not merely in the general arena of the
legislature, but in the minds and convictions of the
most eminent leaders of the Conservative party itself.
Truth, like a torrent, has retried away not merely all
material obstacles before it, bat has forced the very
men and the very minds employed in raising and
placing those obstructions, to Mow or to go on with
the current- The foes of great liberal principles in re-
ligion, and commercial legislation have not been merely
routed but annihilated ; not merely defeated but cap-
tured ; not merely captured, bat enlisted in the vic-
torious army. Never was triumph so irrevocable or
so complete.
We have now arrived, however, at a very import-
ant halt on the road of progress, a halt not dissimilar
to that, which took place after the passing of the
Reform Bill. Far assay onward and even sager
travellers, the psi of their journey ban been reached,
the object of their searches won. And a great many
hesita as to whether they may not best abide where
they tit or whether
..they should not go farther
and even then it is to be decided in what
direction. Up to the point of ear7ing
corn law repeal, the multitude of political
travellers 'wept ahead by rear' cad conveyance
and steed. We have now reached a kind of terminus
or station, and to go farther We have to embark in
csimibuiel and slow coaches, the great party split
into twos and sixes, to deep up hills and wind
through deep roads. Then, there is hesitation about
guides and coachmen. Some say, one is as good 18

another,—the lord in the old conservative livery just
as honest, as the known public servant in free trade
frieze. Party is declared to be at an end, and the old
aims of party obliterated, without any new ones
being clearly marked out
Thus it is, that the year 1847 begins quite a new
epoch. We have closed one volume of our political
history, and are opening another, of which we know
and can divine as little, as we can the adventures of an
uncut novcL There is a charm and interest in this
for the idly curious. The total uncertainty and
obscurity as to what may befal all things and all men
in the short session, the dissolution, the general elec-
tion, though fraught with the deepest anxiety to the
ardent lover of his country and of progress, is a',
subject of pure delight and speculation to the many.
Were the country in a normal state, no doubt a
period of calm would have ensued, in which all might
repose after the agitation of past years. But the millions
of Irish are there permanently unprovided with food,
and the millions of English are here not well provided
either, with the means of purchasing aliment, and all
pressed with a taxation which each would shift upon
his neighbour. In such a state to be silent is impos-
sible ; for a minister not to meddle or innovate is im-
practicable. And yet it is equally impossible to
remedy the smallest ill without touching at the same
time some sympathetic nerve,- which instantly agitates
some other portion of the body-politic, and sets the
whole in pain and in commotion.
_ . _ -

What's to be done with Ireland ? Is the over-
taxed Englishman to be shorn of his pittance to feed
his Irish brother? Aro all English interests, which
clamour for change or for reduction of taxation, to be
put off to that indefinite period, when Ireland shall cease
to be to England what Sciade is to the rest of India?
Such a declaration would set the whole English de-
mocracy, its respectable democracy, at war with the
government. Is Ireland, on the oontrary, to support
the Irish? If so, its landlords are to be drowned in
the ocean of pauperism which their ancestors have
created. Here the sympathetic nerve excites the
puissant landlordism of England. And instantly we
have Repcalers and Protectionists, SMITH O'BRIEN
and Lord GEORGE BENTINCE, in a combined oppo-
sition, towards which we cannot even veal the
conduct of Sir ROBERT PEEL and Lord LINCOLN.
This is one small sample of the problems of the
session.

In this uncertainty of what parliament may do, or
parties in parliament may choose as their policy and
tactics, we know already what will be the line, what
the policy of the present government. It will be to
meet the evils and abuses of those parts of the empire
actually disorganised by such, with a providence, a
scrtpulous care, and a bold determination to remove
those ills at any cost, and in defiance of every preju-
dice and every interest, no matter how powerful those
prejudices or interests. The time is past for states-
men, entrusted with the great task of conducting the
affairs of this empire, to go dodging with this party
and with that interest ; truckling to the one, turning
round another, and smiling on a third to be-
tray it. The old science of ministerial tactics
must be abolished ; and there must, in its
place be established that more bold and frank system
of appealing to the broad sense and interests of the
public, which can now each year be less and leas
deceived as to the talents, the purposes, and the cha-
racter of the parties and the statesmen who aspire to
power.
We began by saying that 1847 commenced a new
lepoch. We sincerely trust, and little doubt,
that this will be one of its distinguishing features.
The dissolution and disregard of party that
is now announced will then mean, not that
convenient laxity of principle ea shamefully
advantageous to the trimming and the vile at the
period of a general election, but a frank and definite
adoption of principles, not based on class, or selfish,
or powerful interests or having for their solo aim
to be strong and in place, but, on the contrary,
directed towards removing the great and avowed
evils which oppress and affect the body politic. Until
of very late years it was considered unfair, and al-
, meet disreputable, for a statesman to address the
I great popular mass. Such means of support were
left to the HUNTS and the Ciaearrrs. We
are now progressing to a time when it will
be considered unfair and disreputable to address any
lother ; when candidates of class interests will be
spurned. Wu the country endowed with the same
facilities of intellectual intercourse that they have of '
physical communication, had education lad a gene-
ral foundation for all Englishmen's intellectual
understanding and sympathy with each other, poli-
tician, would be found to address all in a common
and plain language. As yet it is ignorance that
keeps up our party-walls, of which the next half-
century cannot but effect the final rasure.

Tee experience gained by the states forming the
Prussian Customs League from the period cf the ad-
hesion of the Bavarian and Wurtemberg union to that
subsisting between Prussia and Hesse, forms the sub-
ject of a small pmphlet, the perusal of which will amply
. repay the Singularly enough, the Germans
themselves are apt to confound the merits of those
who advocated the formation of the South German
Union with the promoters of the Prussian league.
The union between Bavaria, Wurtemberg, and other
smaller states, included also Hanover and Saxony. It
was consequentlyof equal importance with the Prussian
league, but it was formed on • radically different
plan, and, like the present league between Hanover
and Oldenburg, imposed duties on imported goods
solely as a means of revenue. The question whether
the Prussian league, which was founded in 1818,
should adhere to that of the other states, was vio-
lentl7 agitated in the years 1831 and 1832. The
leading advocate of such adhesion was the NESTOIk
of commercial diplomatic functionaries, the Burgict
master SCHMIDT of Bremen, who spared neither
talent, money, nor exertion, tom present to the Gen
man sovereigns that their at object should be Its
encourage trade, and that manufactures, if dints
the follow in its train. It is unnecessary to dints
the motives and the measures adopted thee wee
lysed the efforts of this sound political eceneski,
Dr. LIST, who has been put forward as the founder
of the Zollverein, was one of many who at this tiny
served the views of the manufacturers, and brought
about the adhesion of Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Sateen,
and ultimately Baden, Frankfort, and Nona, to the
Prussian league. In America he had, • few years.
previously, done the same, and lent his pen to the
party in Congress who made the outcry that tem-
porarily established an anti-oommercial tariff. Both,
in the United States and in Germany he lived low
enough to see his friends relinquish the opinion
which be far some time turned to good seseent.
After the adhesion of the prwcipal South Gonna
States, with Saxony, to the Prussianleer* Meter
and Oldenburg remained the sole mrsemendives of
the principle of holding out no aeMeM thileateents
to lanefactarera. The league between these Ones
ICI retains the name of the " Osman °anew
Lagoa" Mecklenburg has refused to adept wen
the moderate male of duties levied by Hamster aid
Oldenburg. Hamburg, Bremen, said Lukeek,titht
a customs tariff, the nearest in approm. to
entire freedom of trade that is known. By the
treaties contracted between the states of the Zollve-
rein this union might have been dissolved in UM&
Conferences held in 1841 and 1842 led to
ld
ton of the union to 1853. The tariff
' to a revision every thrower's, with respect to its imam
features. Small changes can be introduced by the ow
greases of delegateshail sennalli at the capital of some
contracting state. We earth allude later to the modi-
fications of thesegittriff, which have been cads.
R saint east that in the aot fethemehm
the varlet states Gsamemy pledge thsneeten
we every mettles is artier hormone Ikea eetnereial
iterestree with each other. A comma system of
andltetfirs and
reia hn:seitsto ,tsedremothealso to be
Fr nth
iiiermi—esiotr se its stinderd. flat the esimege
is not between the northern and southern
nane. la beat, sessumn ass kept in dollars
of three shMhige sash Is South Gleamy, the cad.
The one dein max Ogle:pesos 'value is the staadard.
The reams asted for the, remoistiom of the
dollar Oindani the German mothers none is
their en/rallr~ talent any respelidbalty as the
soar of the sfr debt of Prwtft, width ormeists
mostly in esedistese bills of one, five, sad fifty dol-
lars, circulated as bank-notes. The southern states
have all representative assemblies, who control the
financial proceedthge of the government. In Prussia
no such control exists. _
The chief motive that weighed with the South

• The
1346. Cermet •Zeileered.,"frve eA. neer Ind re JUL—Berlin,

FRIDAY E

German gonirn menfaiitheir adoption &the Pritssian
system, wait lime genii filly prevailing notion that high
duties insure a -Urge. revenue. A second powerful
motive, no doubt, lay in the prospect of an emancipa-
tion of the crown from the control of the parliamen-
tary bodies for the indirect taxes thus levied. The
representatives of the people are, indeed, applied to
in the constitutional states of Germany for sanction of
the adhesion to the Zollverein. But with this sanc-
tion the whole customs department is transferred to
the Minister for Foreign Affairs, as the adhering
state becomes responsible henceforward rather to the
other contracting states of the league for its perform-
ance of the stipulated articles than to its own inha-
bitants. The alterations in the tariff are, therefore,
matters of diplomatic negotiation, and the chambers
cannot interfere with them. Should circumstances,
therefore, arise that might cause the chambers of
Bavaria, Wurtemberg, or Saxony to desire to restrict
the supplies demanded by the crown, the representa-
tives of the people can only limit the direct
taxation. The customs receipts are placed beyond
their reach. Two immeasurable advantages have
been gained by the people inhabiting the Zollverein
—freedom of intercourse for most objects of traffic,
and the abolition of a fearfully extensive and demo-
ralising internal contraband trade. No stranger can
have a just conception of the extent to which smug-
gling was carried on thirty years back between every
little state in Germany and its neighbours.
It was soon discovered that Prussia, containing the
largest population, on a soil producing far fewer
objects of luxury than South Germany, raised the
greatest share of the revenue in the Zollverein. The
sum received is, however, divided between the con-
tracting states in the proportion of the population of
each. The result is shown in the pamphlet by the
amount of coffee imported
- -

late Into Total In- Slum Exam et
fe 1N Wenn, Tornber or 11.0.1:01100
year 19•••na. On Rs earn 004 44 a.*
Zollverels. Wurumberg. nano.
mt.. cwt. twin. ewes. elm.
1851_.10,010 17,100 59,210 420,305 105,979 4;,11911
1819...40,390 18,262 38,636 386,544 133,849 73 193
1845...46,567 22,608 09,173 826,405 178,173 106,998

The most dangerous rock which threatened the
prosperous course of the Zollverein since 1833 was
a claim raised by Prussia for indemnification for sup-
posed loss from this system of dividing the receipts,
by which a larger share falls to the southern states
than is their due. It was, however, successfully
argued two years back, when the question was dis-
cussed, that not only do these figures not really show
the real importations of the respective states, but the
general prosperity and consequently increased receipts
was the result of a freedom of traffic in the interior,
that could not be measured in figures. The supposed
loss of Prussia is further illustrated by the importa-
tions of coffee into the territory of Prussia, which
were in :

_
Importations of Share fall- Supposed
Zotiverein. tag to Prussia. kiss.
ewe. cwt.. mina mtg.
1834 ... 290,421
1839 ... 384,339
1844 . . 474,148
1845 ... 620,1.47

The general result with respect to revenue was,
however, so satisfactory, that the insignificant loss
complained of by Prussia could not, with a gwd
face, be mmle matter of complaint. The general in-
crease of revenue has been the following:

Tpr Nn
r*Wvir 9
8
4 . Ch"". 1:481411:t.
4101.30. 40103 4311634, gres. pl.
1634 23,04,110 1013.772 2,136181 12,178,01 13 0 74-10
1840 25.3000 21,303,191 4,119.707 0,013.641 31 11 43-11.0
1444 26.02.794 48,411,591 2.499.091 23,970588 23 130.106
1845 24,433,104 27,411,133 2,289853 24410,443 96 190100
The general principle is thus sufficiently justified,
that a number of contiguously-situated small states
do better to associate for the purpose of raising a re-
venue, than to strive each to emrrass trade for its
own peculiar profit. That other questions still re-
main to be satisfactorily answered, is apparent from
the following statements of the receipts and payments
rendered necessary by the general distribution.
In the course of the twelve years from 1833 to 1845,

Prussia paid to other States 63,607,300 dollars.
Saxony
Brunswick (I year)
Franktort-on.tbs;:Manso (9 roue)
46,632,895 dollars.
On the other hand, the following states received of
the above sum :

Wurtamteli 10,328,320
Baden ' 3,362,60 „
Grand
EketoratDuchy aof Hedge ............. 1,
2,61259,,2900 014 „
ci Imo
Thuringian edam 1,931,880
Nara. 3,446,010
Lair (1 per) 347,771 „
43,331,093 dollar*.
The importance of the free-trading cities is thus
apparent, and explains the unabated ardour with
which Prussia pursues the free seaports, in order to
induce them to join the league:, The discussions on
the subject that took place in 1831 and 1832, at the
instance of the Burgomaster SCI43IIDT, and that have
since been on various occasions repeated, have made
it too apparent that the capital, commer-
cial skill, and credit of the free cities, afford
inducements to trade that can be supplied by no
protecting daties. Still less can navigation laws, in
imitation of those of England, prove serviceable to
the trade of Hamburg, Bremen, or Lubeck. It is,
therefore, needless to add that they would render no
service to Prussia. That the increase of general
revenue is attributable solely to the removal of
obstacles to internal traffic, is proved by the vicissitudes
which the revenue of Prussia experienced. It
momentarily declined on the adhesion of every other
Mate, but recovered in a wonderfully short time under
the influence of improved traffic. The sum drawn by
Prussia from the general revenue was :
IMO
11u8836 .
109:100
600000
9,130,100000 0n11606 1831
1832
1839
1831
1833
The revenue of Prussia was, therefore, greater in the
year 1841 than it had ever been before.

LONDON boasts of an unusually efficient police.
We are in the habit of complacently contrasting our
numerous, well-conducted, good-looking, blue-coated
guardians of the peace, with the scanty, overbearing,
half-soldier eergente de vile of Paris. London has
the reputation of being the safest of capitals by night
or day. Some recent police reports have shaken our
faith in this point. There certainly are parts. of
London little lees dangerous than the Rue St. Blot or
the Rue aux Fens—districts which it is ticklish
work to traverse after dark on a winter's evening. One
effect of oar systematic police arrangements seems to
be, that the foree is distributed in the same ratio in
the best and worst conducted quarters. The Strand
has as large a contingent as Sefton-kill : St. James's.
square as Smithfield. We have no disposition to I
acquiesce in the popular theory of the invisibility of
the polioeman. We cannot admit, as a general truth,
that he is never to be found when wanted. But,
really, in some districts, this theory appears to have
considerable foundation in fact.
We find in last police reports details of
three daring highway two of them accom-
panied with gross Attlemee; in the very heart of
London, perpetrated betwesa Friday and. Monday
last. All three occurred in the Smithfield district,
well known as one of the fevourite criminal haunts.
We find men arrested armed with iron bars and
knives. The whole account reads more like an ex-
tract from the dettual Befireerfor 1720, than a leaf out
of the records of 1848. It carries us back to the days
in which the Prince Regent and the Duke of Yoax
were robbed by a mounted highwayman on Hay-hill,
Berkeley-square. We are anxious to know whether
the City police authorities are cognisant of this state
of things within their boundaries? If they are, we
would respectfully suggest the propriety of increasing
the police force in and about Smithfield. But this is
not the only point to which we would direct attention
in oonnexion with our police force. Just
as they seem to be least active in the
neighbourhood of the thieves' haunt, so they
avoid, with curious pertinacity, the places in
which " cadgers " congregate to exhibit their unreal
distresses. Who ever saw the passage from the
Adelaide Oallery to St. Martin's-lane without its
array of professional " mumpers " ? Who ever saw a
policeman interfere with them? Who that is accus-
tomed to journey from Hyde-park-corner into the
City bat recognises daily certain well-known
mendicants ' got-up " with the regular ap-
paratus of tattered clothes, dexterously letting
out glimpses of the naked skin; men with cheeks
artificially pallid; women with 4%1.1y-dressed babies,
dosed into a stupor with opium, and hired for the
day P These beggars do infinite mischief; on the
one hand, by supplying the selfish with an argument
against all almsgiving ; on the other, by perverting
the bounty of dLe weak and well-intentioned from
more deserving and less obtrusive objects. Yet, who
I eversawthepoliminterferesriththese impostors? Even

[MG; JANUARY.

the Mendicity Society, which seems sometimes gifted
with superhuman dexterity and industry in nosing
oat be -letter impostors, posies by these miscall/
leviers of charitable black-mail without notice. They
do not ply their business with any apparent fear of
the street authorities. They take their stand, day
after day, in the lame spot; never seeming either
better or worse off than when one first encounters them.
Many of them seem to have regular" walks," of which
they probably hold and transfer the fee, as crossing-
sweepers of their crossings, or proprietors of any
other recognised incorporeal property. Contrast with
the indifference of the police to this nuisance their
unnecessary and vexatious persecution of the poor
basket-women. We could almost believe in our
hearts that the gentlemen in blue have a sort of sym-
pathy with their fellow-street haunters. They
would no doubt miss their well-known faces from
their beats. Perhaps they take a sort of sardonic
pleasure in seeing the same cadaverous gentleman, in
the ragged jersey and with no brim to his hat, impu-
dently and illogically announce to the passers-by, day
after day, that "he is starving." Probably the same
description of misanthropy which has been observed
among 'pike-keepers is not altogether unknown among
the police. Conversant with the crimes and
excesses of their species, they feel a sort of
tolerance for those who keep up and mul-
tiply the cam of both. Again, we have been
frequently struck, during the late frosts, with the
indulgent, fatherly way in which these gentlemen
look upon the little boys at their laudable work of
making one continuous slide from the Wellington
statue to Regent-street. A policeman's life id, on the
whole, monotonous; and he, no doubt, rather enjoys
the excitement of an accident. A broken leg or arm,
or a sprained ankle, attracts a crowd, sends the police-
man for the stretcher, and leads to much interesting
comment and gossip. But we are not clear that the
inspectors should countenance in their men this morbid
relish for a sensation.

In pointing attention to this matter we are only
expressing thoughts which must have occurred to
most of our London readers. We have of late heard
continual expressions of curiosity as to why the police
don't interfere with regular beggars and little boys
making conveniences for the breaking of elderly
people's limbs. We share in this curiosity, and beg
of the police authorities to satisfy it or stop its mouth.

IN the annual report of the Secretary to the United
States Treasury, transmitted to Congress along with
the President's Message, there are some remarks on
the different effects on trade of al valorem and specific
duties which possess considerable interest at a time
when ad ralorem duties upon teas have been brought
into agitation.
The duties under the United States tariff of 1842
were in part specific, in part ad valorem. During
the year ending 30th June, 1844, excess of re-
venue produced by specific over ad valorem duties was
81,860 dollars ; in the year ending 30th June, 1845,
returns from ad valorem exceeded the returns from
specific duties by 1,737,379 dollars. In the year ending
30th June, 1846, the returns from ad ralorem duties were
2,663,534 in excess of those from the specific. The
deficit under the head of specific duties increased so
much more rapidly than the surplus under that of ad
valorem, that when the tariff of 1842 was repealed
the revenue from customs duties was declining. The
customs receipts during the last fiscal year were
315,444 dollars less than they were during the year
ending 30th June, 1843. This progressive decline is
attributed by the American Minister of Finance to
" the prohibitory character of the specific duties."
lie adds, "As the specific duties in their practical
operation were becoming every day more prohibitory,
the revenue under the tariff of 1842 must have con-
tinued to sink so rapidly as soon to have caused a
great deficit even in time of peace, and thus have re-
quired ultimately a resort to direct taxes or excises to
support the government"
Mr. WALKER also dwells at some length on the
tendency of specific duties to press with undue weight
on the poor. "The duties," he observes, speaking of
the tanff of 1845, "are assessed on all imports in
exact proportion to their value, and not according to
the system of specific duties and minimums by which
.the per centage of taxation invariably rises as the
value of the article is depressed, and sinks as it rises
in value : thus uniformly discriminating in favour of
the wealthy few, and against the toiling millions."
The American Secretary of the Treasury is of
opinion that, under a system of ail ralorem duties,
frauds may be successfully and effectually checked.
The duty is assessed on each cargo in proportion to
its value at the port of exportation, and that value
being governed by the price at the one port from
which the shipment was made, he thinks more
easily ascertainable than the value in the United
States, which varies in almost every principal city.
As to imposition by fraudulent invoices or false
valuations he remarks: "Oar merchants and public
officers are as familiar with the foreign as with the
home price currett."
On these grounds a fair trial is claimed by Mr.
WALKER for the system dad valorem duties. " If the
new tariff succeeds, as is the confident belief of this
department, it will be a triumph of justice and equal
rights, reflecting the highest honour on our free in-
statutions."

FRANKFORT, Dac. 26.

A general break in the weather has set the Rhine
'nearly free, and will probably allow the large quan-
tities of imported corn now lying in Holland to be
towed up to their places of destination. Should the
frost set in anew, proposals are to be made to the
railway company to forward these supplies at a cheap
rate from Duisburg to Cologne. Great distress is felt
in the mountainous districts, from the freezing up of
the manufacturing water-power after so dry a summer.

BELGIUM.—BnueeEte, DEC. 30.—The election
of a member of the Chamber of Representatives for Tour-
ney has terminated in favour of the liberal candidate, Count
Lelion. Ever since the downfall of the Nothomb admini-
stration was eased by the return of opposition candidates in
two places, an election in this country—even an isolated
election—la considered to be an event of first-rate import-
ance. The meant election at Tourney did not fail, there-
fore, to create ooniderable excitement, not only in that city,
but in all the large towns of Belgium. The ministerial and
opposition journal had long leading articles every day on
the abject of the election, and language of the moat violent
and recriminatory kind was indulged in on both sides. The
election of Count Lebon at Tourney had moreover, indepen-
dently of the interest attached to the return of • oan-
&date, grounds for political excitement. Tear
readers will probably recollect that the conduct of thellfilap
of Tourney with respect to the Athena of that gins* gave
rise, some time ago, to long and vehement deb** lathe two
chambers. The late member, H. Bavartalsatel., voted (ie
his place in parliament as well es in the tewn-oenneil of
Tourney) spina the species of treaty tanalied between
that body and the bishop with regard to the momesseient of
the above edemilend astablishinest. The OW& to *oak
of it briefly, essidenet he the wfilhapens et the Town
Council to alley of the enswellimee ei the pock* wpm
certain soadieleas, which the Liberal pray throws** the
country amematic contrary to law, hanamma
the guaranteed hts of the council (dila ta,
it sou con e alienated), were infringed by
them. Asubsequently arose between the
council and tie the the latter withdrew his aunts-
fleece from the *lliesife. The &sisal party, in order to re-
gain the banenee which they bed lost, reeolmd to start a
candidate who would supra *slit TWIN". They first Axed
upon a sentisman who was tWideg imrtisan a theirs, bit
*ding that be was too *Si to have a chance of some*
they subsequently Mesta anther candidate (H. Hos*.
bean , who, whilst profaning liberal opinions, was /weer
it not bousi, to vote Ste them. It will be seek
Hat the roes* sloodwof Tourney tepid wen
the *set Inesftea of the dm he Wens% via., the hill**
of
,the elm, and the reedt 4eist deaf* bee bent their
dignal an
lambs been Mama by an
, sess be stated that in lfl2S and
=lwin wleasel,as a reemberVe chamber, a warm advocate
of the clergy, hawses he that the civil power was or
ereading on disk rights ; he stated ha his adders he
the &Mon yesiesday having tbssithet, Hat pad*,
the inftence tahen4wat gloatly preamlneeis aver
that of the civil he His *mem thekiEnt.
In every point of view recant Moslem le a -*-
portant one.—The ifonstrer Oh away, pa a
royal decree appointing a special usanaholoot draw up a
bill for a system of national easiunace, to be nadertaken by
the state. The Coati of Appeal has lately &aid* that
foreign assurance societies established in Belgium althea
the authorisation of the King have no legal existent,
and easequently that they cannot carry on a lawall
any genies In this country. This decision is •
portant am, as there are several French assumes
of high 'ty in Brawls and other cities. Two
cabinet excels were held this day.—This afternoon the
moats voted thi bill levying an exorbitant duty on the ex-
portation of tow.
GERMANY.—HAMBITROH, DEc. 26,—The Ebe is
Bull frozen as far as St Yauli, and lower down se kr se
Blankenese, Thulaw, and Brenterhafen • the elmenel is
full of Boating boo. In our harbour they *re plying bargee.
The Blaakesese schooner Thetis,' and the galiot Puna*,
have sailed up from Blacken.* yesterday evening.
Bananinerzai, Die. 25.—Arrived at I l o'clock
the steamer Homer, hum Hull. There is much ice in the
elbsaa•L

UNITED STATES & MEXICO.

The following summaries of the Treasury, the Post
Office, and the War Office reports, received by the
Caledonia, will be read with interest :

ESPORTOI, THE SICRETARY OP TM, TREASURY.
1. Receipt and Expenditswe.—The receipts for the year
ending 30th June, 1846, were from customs, 26,712,667
dole. ; from land sales, 2,694,462 ; from miscellaneous
sources, 92,126; total, 29,499,245. The balance in the
treasury on Ist July, 1845, was 7,658,306 dols. ; and conse-
quently the total means 37,157,5.51 dole. The expenditure
during that fiscal year was 28,031,114 doh., leaving a balance
in the treasury on Ist July, 1846, of 9,126,437 dole. Tke
receipts for the first quarter of the current year, and the
estimated receipts for the other three give: from customs,
27,83.5,731 dole. ; from land sales, 3,400,000; from miscella-
neous sources, 100,000; total, 31,335,731 • which, with
the balance on hand on Ist July last, and ;he ten millions
from treasury notes and loan under the act of 22nd July last,
give a total of means for the year of 60,462,170 dole. The
actual and estimated expenditures amount to 5,5,241,212
dollars; which will lease a deficit on the Ist July,
1817, of 4,779,042 dollars. The total revenue of the
year ending the 30th of Ju .e, 1848, is estimated at
32,000,000 dole. This, deducting the deficit, leaves
27,220,957 dole. as the available means of that year. The
expenditure is estimated at 4.5,781,781 dots., which would
leave a deficit of 27,220,957 dubs at the close of that year.-
2. Measures proposed to meet the Deficit: The Treasury
Estimate that during the time of war a balance of at least
4,000,000 dole. ought always to be kept in the Treasury to
meet the demands of the Mint, cite,. This would reqiure a
loan of 23,000,000 dole., unless additional revenue is to be
raised by some new provision of law. As one means of
raising additional rtvenr, a duty on tea and coffee is pro.
posed. The tea imported into the United States during the
last fiscal year amounted to 16,891,020 lbs., valued at
3,983,337 dole. ; the coffee to 124,336,064 lbs., valued at
7,802,894 dols. A duty of 23 per cent, on the aggregate value
of 11,786,231 dole., would yield 2,916,557 dole., or, making
allowance for reduced consumption in consequence of the
duty, 2,500,000 dol. With this addition to the revenue it
is estimated that the loan might be reduced to nineteen
millions; but to render this possible it is said that the duty
ought to go into effect notlaterthantho lstof Jan. next, other-
wisegreat quantities of tea and coffee would be introduced im-
mediately to escape the tax. With respect to the loan, it is
observed that a loan for a long term will be more economical
than one for a short. Twenty years is the time proposed
(reserving power to purchase the stock at market price at any
earlier date): the first half to be negotiated early in spring;
the second during the succeeding mummer and fall.-3. Public
Debt The public debt of the United States amounted, on
Ist Dec. last, to 21,256,491 dol., of which 17,788,799 dol. was
contracted before the 4th of March, 1845,—The old and new
tariff: Its observed that the revenue was declining at the
date of the report of the tariff of 1812. The receipts under
it, during the year ending 30th Juhe, 1846, were less by the
sum of 815,444 doh., than during the preceding fiscal year.
The decline, it is stated, was progressive, and arose irom
the prohibiting character of the specific duties. A table is
appended to the fiscal report, from which it appears that
for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1844, the excesa of
revenue produced by specific over ad valorem duties was
81,860 dole. 74 cents, whereas during the fiscal year ending
30th June, 1845, the ad valorem exceeded the specific
duties 1,737,370 dole. 57 cents: and during the last fiscal
year the advalorens exceeded the specific d uties 2,663,634 dole.
94 cents. As the specific duties in their practical operation
were becoming every day more prohibitory, the revenue under
the tariff of 1842 must have continued to sink so rapidly as
soon to have caused a great deficit, even in time of peace,
and thus have required ultimately a resort to direct taxes or
excises to support the government. The duties collected at
the ports of Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York, during I
the first five days of December, 1846, under the new tariff,
amounted to 416,802 dole. 97 cents ; and during the first five
days of Dec., 1845, under the old tariff, to 208,374 doh. 50 cents.
This rate of augmentation, it is not sac posed, will con-
tinue; but that the revenue from duties this year
will reach the amount estimated now, and in my report
to the Senate of the 16th of July last, at 27,835,731
dole., is, for the reasons therein stated, fully believed.—
The Treasury Some defects are pointed out in the
Treasury law of the 6th of August last, and suggestions
offered for their amendment. Of these amendments it is
said, " By far the most important would be the establish-
ment of a branch of the mint of the United States at the
city of New York, to perform, among its other functions, the
duties appertaining to a depository of the public money.
During a period of more than half a century, the mint and
branch mints have had deposited with them about one
hundred and sixteen millions of gold and silver bullion and
coin, no portion of which has ever been lust to the govt rai-
ment ; and as two-thirds of our whole revenue is collected at
the city of New York, a branch there would place beyond
all hazard the security of the public money, and at the same
time greatly enlarge the circulation of gold and silver."
—Free Trade: About one quarter of the whole report is
devoted to an abstract argument in favour of free trade, the
principle of the new tariff. very sensible, but rather trite,
and unconscionably long .rinded. It concludes with the
following hint to the Britisher. :—" There yet remains to-
bacco—one of our important staples—on which heavy duties,
not for protection, but for revenue only, are still imposed in
England; but if our present commercial policy a main-
tained here, it is not doubted that even on this article the
present high duties will be reduced, with the progressive ad-
vance, there and throughout the world, of the more liberal
and enlightened system of unrestricted exchanges."—
Public Land The reduction and graduation of the prices
of public lands is proposed as a certain means of augmenting
the revenue. In support of this view, the result of the land
sales in the Chichasaw district is cited. By such a measure,
and by selling the land in limited quantities only, it is
argued that the national wealth and revenue would be in
creased together. A similar effect would be produced by
offeting for sale the lands on which copper ore has been
found. It is added, " If Congrees, at an early period of the
present session, would impose the proposed duty on tea and
coffee, reduce and graduate the price of the public lands in
favour of settlers and cultivators, extend the preemption
system to the unaurveyed lands to which the Indian title has
been extinguished, and authorise the sale of that portion of
the public lands containing copper and other valuable ores, the
loan might safely be reduced from 23 to 17,000,000 dollars."
—Warehousing System: A favourable report is made of the
working of this system nodes the law of 6th August last.
It is suggested that the law might be improved by repealing
the limitation as to time for returning goods in the ware-
honed—Oregon The extension of the revenue laws of the
Union to Oregon is recommended, and the establishment of
collection districts et the month of the Oregon and near
Paget's Bound.—Light-houses: The organisation of a light-
house board is advocated.—Coast Survey : The progress of
this undertaking is lauded in general terms. The report
winds up with remarking that " the coast surrey and the '
light house system' the warehouse bill and the ad valorem
revenue tariff, areall great, efficient, and co-operative in-
atrumeats is giving to our own country advantages over all
others as competitors for the commerce of the world."
IMPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE WATT.
The following is a synopsis of the report of the Secretary
of the Navy, which though not presented to congress at the
time of the derrture of the Caledonia, had been published
in the New York papers :—The Mediterranean squadron
has not been continued during the last year. It is proposed
to revive It as soon as circumstances will permit. The
station at Mahon has been discontinued at the earnest '
request of the Portuguesevernment, and measure, are in '
progress for the removal of-tgohe public stores from that place.
The Bast India squadron, consisting of the Columbus, 74,
sad the sloop Vincennes, is supposed to have sailed for
Japan and lianiskatka, in the month of May or June
last, and to have returned to Macao about this
time. They will probably commence their homeward
cruise, arid the North Pacific, in January or February.
Ordure were sent to Cam. Biddle is Jannin7 let topvaned
to the:west-coast of Mexico, and mums eamatad of the
squadron there. No acknowledgment of the receipt of '
them has been received at the department. The Beall
squadron consists of the frigate Columbus, 05..-=bile,
and the brig Bainbridge,Lieut. On. Midis
Commodore Roseau. The Arnim_ _ ernirea eassigetif the
frigate United States, the sloop EIEFEISI, btu Dolphin end 1
BOIS, ariskairehip Southmegion, 96 guns in all. ,A fall
and laterning narrative is gnu of the operations W the
Pantie newiren oboe the wee, bon under Coda. end
anCom.dthe &sr theciren The ti thellimmia
•
WSITSIS°ZII2;4OI imam Whelk is4l
The Enact Indigenous is en he. wag en with Can Shy- '
ndeeickp, who will, es lie antra, nomme on t and,
otaes
Pubis, hoe ed Ow the amnintinatisa.
of the home 0111111 FOR at Alveoli% tim oak et
mod the taking ef Tenspiee, blip shimiletTub=
*due is Am One esenmemiem Oben numbeme, in whom
tleenlideuadtheds/rlmsmanewenebntist Bann
inn the bignellome mist whisk they end new also •
iluesitiosinne pada' the gensiment to avail all COW-
Elle with. Menai, it noble; 72A vessels compring the
navy of Tent emu On have been inn unworthy ef repair,
win the essagina .41 the Ands, which is at Panamitt.
de
The stile We been arched te he mid. The astimegaee of
fled an bunt an the engiarmant Itl SE M.
ne nem then LIDO ere new in -senior. kenedg
to bull bur as ettatams, to be imagined In enem-
ies with err agembass abroad. The nun admit Anna of
is terms itiogninien, and the amp • ie sand
for it as wesheibst year. Anitain b • given to the
arbors ofilaraienstory, when nimble agonises are
to abed the etintbn they imervo. r An4Son to igaumber ef aminnumpene ewes lank an
no dignAment resemnerita the end
lie el the sauna maps end la the maialer of welmeat
album The report esuindes with wining that aellberity
bziromet ne the pemitint to appoint on of Inn dx
et brie, irrespective of the inane*
the paean appeintod. Provision might Wile to
uses of pew*, Emit which a e tow
is said in the ripest cm the system WgesnielkW The
is ably tuition, doer, end iaterning.
IMPORT OP THE SRCERTARY OP WAIL
In this deenasent the nooreary 'vee a fall idetery of the
eomasenonmen sad Wen war
the kiss el Pale &nee as m raw" asit=,
amonteis them cm haw the Unehmliset des annietios ;
the engelet of 110011414•4 Abe calihniks• alliAglatob
tithe wins movenentecithe ernes. linslipaterg,theogit
reettleguminow, no been remind ' of thenbing of
bat net Maven., Oen. ODERStis„=
mat wee Aegean te Pena the Pacific nowt
WC. The t egendome of ale Fresteng end Oen
seine filmiden went of the littre referred
te with esumeadetkm. bat no
cache repent, hes been rescind or - .eatinin. The
military forge el the United inn has been mousts.4 ft
7,640 son to 112,1000 seem ThareAke ctn. weir aleputmen
have been ud.c.• and embower/Ir* The iatellmfai
Tamaulipas, and the right beak or the Rio urinal', cite
' several hundred albs hem its .math, New Lean, Connie,

and Chihuahua, have all, in effect, been wrested from the
enemy ; and the Mexicin authority, civil and military, die-
in New Mexico and the Californias—all in the short
apace of seven months. The regular army, under the law of
last sestion, when filled up, would amount to 16,998,
officen and men, but does not now exceed 10,300.
The success of the American armies in the field is
attributable probably to the hire number of volunteers called
out since the passage of the bill increuirif the army. It is im-
possible to tell the number of troops which the exigencies of
the war may require. The volunteers called out who have en-
countered the enemy, have more than justified the expecta-
tions formed of this description of traps; but it is no dis-
paragement to them to say that regular forces would be pre-
ferred is a war to be prosecuted in a foreign country. Con-
siderations of economy are also decidedly in favour of troops
engaged to serve during the war. The Secretary is most
solicitous that this subject should receive the attention of
congress, and that a body of troops should be raised to take
the place of those voluntecrx who will claim a discharge at
the end of their term of service. An increase of the regular
army is recommended. The estimated appropriations for
fortifications for next year amount to 495,600 dollars. The
report then goes on to speak of the national defences; of
sappers, miners, and topographical engineers, and their
present organisation ; of the ordnance bureau being inade-
quate; deficiency in the medicel staff of the ermy ; hi.tory
of operations in mineral lands the past year; number of
pension agencies, 44, exclusive of navy pensions, and num-
ber of pensioners about 20,000. The Independent Trtasnry
Act contemplates the employment of officers therein named
as pension agents, and renders it doubtful whether those
hitherto employed are not euspended. He recommends that
authority be given to continue the present agents at a rea-
sonable compensation. 3,434 Indians have been removed
west of the Mississippi River since last annual report. New
treaties with Indians are referred to, and the solicitude of
Government to promote the welfare of the Indian tribes, is
feelingly expressed.
CONDITION OF THE PORT OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

The Postmaster-General reports the receipts of the year,
3,487,199d01. 35c. During the nine years ending 30th June,
1845, the receipts averaged 4,364,625401. 6.3 c. a year. Under
the cheap postage law, therefore, the receipts during the
' year have fallen off 577,426301. 30c. Mr. John,on does not
view this falling off as the direct effect of the reduction of
nistage. The sending of letters by private expresses, and
the allowance of half an ounce in weight for a single letter,
have had a more serious effect upon the revenue than the
reduction of the rates of postage. To remedy these evils, he
suggests that private conveyance of letters out of the mail
should be treated as smuggling, and that the single letter
should be limited to a quarter ounce in weight, except when
the letter is upon a single sheet weighing leas than half an
ounce. He also suggests that newspaper postage should be
regulated by the size of papers, the weight of the matter con-
veyed, and the distance. He suggests the prepayment of
letters, and reiterstes his opinion of Morse's Telegraph,
viewing it as an important aid to the department, which go-
vernment should own and control. Increased mail facilities
are required in Texas. The es lionditures of the department, in
the year ending June 30, 1816, amounted to 4,084,297d01.22c,
which left a deficiency over receipts of 597,097d01. 87c.
The mail service of the United States, exclusive of
Texas, is performed by 3,530 contracts on 4,285 post routes;
the aggregate length to which is 149,679 miles. Its transporta-
tion throughout the year ending 30th June last amounted to
37,398,414 miles, the engagements for such transportation
stated by the year, amounted to 2,665,878 dole. 'there has
been a saving of 33 per cc t. in the new contracts for carry-
ing the mails. On the 30th June there were 14,601 post-
, offices; 877 new offices were established during the year,
and 459 discontinued— increase, 418 ; on this day the num-
ber is 14,793. 'there were appointed 4,958 postmasters. of
whom 2,905 were appointed in consequence of resignations
or deaths; 301 in consequence of change of routes;
877 in consequence of the establishment of new offices.
871 by removals ; 4 whose commissions extired and
were not renewed. Near one-third of the offices in
the United Suttee have been voluntarily vacated
since the passage of the new law. This Is in • groat de-
gree ascribed to the increased labour in the offices, and the
diminished compensation to postm uteri, which he thinks
should be increased. Tney now get a per yenta •on the
receipts, and this table is given for the purpose of showing
the effect of the new lair on the compensation of the post-
masters of three of the principal offices :-
1612. 1441. 11144. 11145. 1846.
New York... 0344,371 523,399 323,450 294,511 192,691
Philadelphia 167,079 148,787 130,711 139,744 88,182
Baltimore... 84,980 81,122 81,721 84,060 42,033
lie calls the attention of Congress to the fact that a pri-
vate expose is run between Montgomery (Ala.) and Mobile,
on the arrival at the fin mer place of news by the steamers.
The contractors for the transportation of the mails between
New York and Bremen, by ocean steamers, are rapidly pro-
gressing with the construction of the tint vess 1, and but
little doubt is entertained that the service will be commenced
early in the spring. It is proposed also to extend the line of
foreign mails to other places. Mr. Johnson's report is an
able and a very satisfactory one. Great praise is due to him
and his assistants for their efficient management of the de-
partment, and the triumphant success of the cheap postage
system, which now promises to be far more lucrative in a
year or two than the old system.

RECEPTION OF Tlia MESSAGE IN THE " HOUSE " OP
REPILESEN TATIVSO.—TII E PUTAIDENT'S MISSAGE.—J. S.
Walker, Esq., the private Secretary of the President,
appeared at the entrance of the main aisle, and the door-
keeper aenounced " A message from the President of the
United States." Mr. Walker bowed, and when he had re-
assumed his upright po.ition, said: " Mr. Speaker, lam
directed by the President of the United States to deliver ire the
house a message in writing." Befure the long and anxiously
looked for document was conveyed to the table, and while
on its way thither, there were cries of " Let's hear what he
hzs to say about the war." " Go-ahead with it." " Now
for the news." The clerk broke the envelope, and lo!
there was the Message. However, he preferred reading
from a printed copy, and, having previously turned over
the pamphlet to see its length, he proceededto gratify the ho-
nourable assemblage. A bundle °Menages fresh from the pun,
was placed on the corner of the clerk's table, and imme-
diately nearly all the members left their seats and went in
that direction to procure copies. Some of those who re-
mained in their places cried out, " Bring me one," " two,
if you choose." The Speaker rapped, and requested gentle-
men to preserve order. [How could they, under the cir-
cumstances ?] The pages were seen running over the hall
with copies of the.hienage in their hands; " Bring some rap
this way, boys,"sald one ; " furnish us first," remarked another.
All being supplied, tranquillity was restored, and gentlemen
leaned back in their Pelts to read the Message, keeping pace
with the clerk. In the clause wherein the name of " Jack-
son" is mentioned, as having said the wrongs of Mexico
should no longer be endured, the clerk, by mistake, read
" Jefferson." Half a doeen corrected him by crying out
" Jackson," " Jackson said that." The clerk proceeded.
and when he came to that part about the permission granted
to Santa Anna, by Cum. Conner, to pus the blockade and
go into Vera Cruz, there was suppressed laughter and a my
of " Oh l"

A MODERN CHEW/KIN Caste's ADDILBSB.—MONIp Ot
His Excellency John Hoes, Chief of the Cherokee Indiana,
to the Cherokee National Council—Friends and fellow-
citizens,—lt affords me sincere pleasure to greet you amid
the interesting circumstances by which we are surrounded
on the present occasion. After a protracted absence from
their homes, the representatives to whom you entrusted the
disposition of questions of great and vital importance to the
Cherokee people, have returned, with the exception of the
lamented Captain John Loony, who died in Washington,
and Mr. Fields, who remained on private business. The
result of their mission has been already submitted to you
in the treaty recently negotiated between the United
States and the Cherokees. It is for the purpose of making
known to the people the provisions of this treaty, and of dis-
seminating a correct knowledge of them, that the late act-
ing chief issued his proclamation under the instructiotui of
the National Council, calling you here at this time. And
the satisfaction now derived from meeting with so large a
number of my countrymen, and from beholding the preva-
lence of such general good feeling, is not lightly to be appre-
ciated; and I trust the manifestations here seen are but
the foreshadowing of brighter and more auspicious times
for the Cherokees: that we have commenced a new era
la our existence, which will be distinguished
. for the reign
of law and order, for the promotion of industry and econo-
my, far the prevalence of sobriety and harmony, and for the
general improvement of our moral and intellectual condi-
tion. The treaty which has boss sareitted to you was
obtained after • long, tedieue, gad meat tapiwg migotiletro.
and is the result of eie• awl morseelso. Itie
most favourable arraniemmat Mee mold be made; sod '
although not so liberal la arm easpers ae was to bo bind,
yet it is a document of peat impotaire to the Cberedres.
Besides benelitting all parties more or less in a poomdary
point of view, it secures to IS IMO of our most highly-
posed rights and privileges, end merits, es it shoat aeons,., •
their hearty appeoval and faithful *Aherne's*. Ammo the ad-
vantages derived tram it may be OSISISSIIISSMIQS
importance, the diereatioa et tamer yerths„ the amassed
recognition of Ow the peerisa la he at ,
OW' domain ep the rorseadas of peer, sad dr
fresh acknowledgment of our national rights by the
government of the United States. These stipulations met
at once appear. to every intelligent Lad, en being to vs Or .
the arm magrutado. Fast party essealmeisat have beam
the bane of oar addepoo—che lbamida of many bare
waters. Their hie herd, will teem, the esuree
of many
mesadre peat sat aloes OM t
he he
soaks* Sadsame mate &A bums imellei
sorimmat en they an is interest deaday. The
lila el our government is calculated to meets • dm=
were ear Mien, es it most amillate a simile nosh=
ha die tehaseseita of soy barmen of a public nature.
.11* =las et we bow by as Iran a tenure ea we
sea Sissy met create esaliare la those who
Lie drift wi emeearage te paw hewn' as the awe of
hapro** ander the iadmeemeotwf mmecioas seetaity.
The utiipteals of our mama prerogative tar-
nishes the numb et messing and combatting any. 3 to
Alyea en et thsaa—aed paw, that was aerawary ale to
mcr, but le ear bang. It is the lot to azad satitsel Inyeavenest. Thaler he path
I sway we may se ea leasessdas
_lO wiedebe sad all
the aitheasaal blade& whith aisia ellithelirVln view
of these aoasldetalhas, 'I as paserilail that the treaty of
1816 will meet. Ike Agreed et the Chesehas. roc* ael
Walt that the inOei big aril
peaceful feelings
.which salmi theeagletta ear beedleisr
and or the principles by which 401• Mall will mai*
tbseralre in future. It will be meaSato presides h
made in the treaty for Swale shine many elitism
to loses have ormiciewl MIL of the Veiled
States. The hkarell M *bit a stipulation he T
this purpose, bat were maaeawhtEaal than dais* atia! -
I sequeotly rimer open he fatereeit. aihmat spat
eSPASY aidjuslies_„ la the third otitis et the trslastylris
se. tad threhe United Slam doe elan an inquiry to be
had of the dhbursemente made asst of the Cherokee fund ari-
sing under the treaty of 1835, and that they shall refund all
inch as have been improperly made. As the nation has a dog

is the =inner in which this inquiry may be made
iss speedy issue, I respectfully recommend to your
ble bodies, the appointment of agents to proceed
***,sgten to attend to this and any other unfinished
which may be of interest to the Cherokee nation.
ges Board of Commissioner, has been organised,
is now holding its sessions in Washington--engaged
, examination and settlement of claims under the
„„g" et 1535. Believing that the ends of justice re. j
'17:1 that this hosed should hold its sessions in this
pod delegation protested against their remain.
irasktingtou. and urged that they should be sent
they has, snore orjeanised and proceeded to buai.
The council should take some action with the view of
y,,0un).4 yet to obtain their transfer to this country.
...we received during your sessions one or more corn.
from those lately dischargieg the duties of the
ghee, and who are more int.mately acquainted
akr.--diehr.CiPt state of aff.e:es within our borders than my.
otk it to be hardly incumbent on me to make any sug-
• la reference t i mere local legislation. There n one
„isseets,hovreeer, which! will not pass over without a 1,04
,o4 to them. I mean the condition of the schools. Although
ion rot seen the re port of the superintendent, it having
saw submitted to you, yet I deem it important
Pecigit should devise some plan to secure the more
Ilble disbursement of the orphan and general school
iso The advancement made by many of the pupils in
Y psbiie schools, must be such as to qualify them to
Mir the study of higher branches of education than
om now taught them; I would, therefore, urge upon you
di is cc of making immediate arrangements for
geakilishnient of two academies, one for the iostrue-
pi of females, the other males. Institutions of this
isd are much needed. We have the means of sustain-
,* them, and it should be done—especially should there
seething done to provide ample means for improv-
ssand elevating the females of our country. They have
Moo long neglected. And any improvement in their
sgsgios will exercise a salutary influence upon the whole
osg. Owing to the peculiar difficulties by which we have
serrouaded for several years, we now find our finances in
segyemberruseelcondition,snd requiring legislation atyour
lob for the public relief. Wh d that legislation shall be it
ld is your own wisdom to determine. The expenses of the na-
t., however, should be retrenched tes far as consistent with the
kohl administration of the laws and the general security of
*specie. la conclusion, I would again express the gratifies-
*" I fed, in common with many others, in witnessing the
reset assemblage; and would repeat my earnest desire to
et the stipulations of the new treaty scrupulously regarded,
sone dwelling together of the whole Cherokee people in
tkr bonds of peace and felliwship.—Jxo. Ross.--Executive
comment, Tahlequah, Nor. 12, 1846.
111.-TAL Meatiest —A fiend in human form, named
bead Chase, who comes from Patriot, Indiana, started '
MO on a trading expedition, sccomranied by his wife and
eeyoung men. Mrs. Chase was about 19 years of age, had
4. married two years, and was the only ;laughter a Mr.
/Oaten Boyer, who resides in Indiana, about two miles
pee Flint Island, on the Ohio • . Chase, after leaving
coa, treated his wife very hank' ly, and a short distance be-
similes Point, where he landed, he whipped her so un.
• with a cowhide as to leave marks of blood in her
bleeps. Mrs. C. succeeded in escaping to Mill's Point.
Bee then emplsyed two persons to persuade his wife to re-
p, which she did, and sent one of the young men to her
Mar's on an errand. What followed is thus related by our
Mad: Chine then started down the river, accompanied by his
viand the boy,and thencommeneed murdering her by inches.
hrpenon wascut and mangled in a most honid manner with
knswhide an 1 bowie knife, both of which were found in
kg bed covered with blood. Many wounds had the
eloarance of having been mused by holding her
genet a hot cooking-stove. She was literally cut to
pas from her neck to her feet, both lengthwise and across
M body. Her neck had the appearance of his having held
kr by the throat. He was about four days in accomplishing
ilko murder. Her clothes were found in the boat, which he
Id taken off from time to time, covered with blood and cut
MI tam to pieces. On the arrival of the boat at James's
kqes, the young man who had been sent to her father's
Mined. and came on board the boat on the morning of the
BB of November. He sew Mrs. Chase in bed in this situa-
Ilk and immediately gave the alarm. The neishboun came
Ind Awed Mrs. C. alive, but speechless. She died in a
ire time after. Chase was secured, and after an examine-
lalbea 1 court of inquiry, was taken with the corpse on
WI the boat to New Madrid, Mo., 2d miles below, and
hied in gaol, heavily iroued. Chase offered no excuse for
Ite batman set, and wine can be c njectured, unless it was
aniesodentanding that had occurred between him and her
pmale in some business transactions. The inhabitants of the
Ilaw Madrid were so enraged that it was with difficulty they
HIM be kept from executing him instantly ; but law and
leder prevailed, sad they sent on a petition fur a special
meet to be held immediately for his trial. The remains
d Mrs. Chase were brought to her father's residence by the
Meer George Washington.—Louisville Letter, Dec. 5,