The Express.
London, England, 1862-07-31 00:00:00

BRITANNIA,

Tun Rymer'''. THE BLUE DWARF. Mews. J. Reynolds,
Drummond, Blewood ; Mrs. It Yarnold.-B.l.bibk, by Mr. sydoey.
Mr..l. Plumpton, sod as. George.—THE HARVIST STORAL
—And A THOUSAND NAPOLWSL—Oosonsinos AS 6e.

TIIIV EN-INTIM MAZEPIA.-After which SCNNES IN TER
CI Rt'LE. Ydlle, Iheet.O.—To conclude with. cootie BALLOT
In which the Nimes Gunnies will appear.—Colassemot at 7.

NIGH WATER AT LUNDOS BAIDOL
Tins DAT —Diablo& 411. 401 a. .... Allosses. 511. Os.
TO-MORROW—MOISIag. 5b 10•..... Attabocs, fb. 37n.

LONDON, THURSDAY, JULY 31.

THE House of Commons decided yesterday that
the Union Relief Aid Bill of the Government
should be recommitted, in order that • clause
might be introduced enabling the guardians in the
distressed districts to borrow money on the secu-
rity of the rates. We are not in the least sur-
prised at this decision, and can only regret that
the necessity of making • formal appeal to the
House on the subject should have been permitted
to arise. It was naturally expected, from the
terms of Mr. ViLmeas' speech on the second read-
ing of the Bill, that the Government would have
voluntarily introduced the alternative of • loan,
and if so, the time that has been spent in fighting
for the principle might have been usefully em-
ployed in discussing the details of union loans.
The more the measure of the Government has been
discussed the more clearly has it appeared that a
rate-in-aid, however excellent in principle, is
ill adapted to meet the severe practical exigencies
of the crisis. Unfortunately, where help is most
needed a rate-in-aid is least capable of being
worked. It would almost of necessity press most,
severely on the very districts where the distress is
greatest; and could hardly be worked at all
in those districts without pauperizing large classes
of comparatively humble ratepayers. Nor are the
objections to a rate-in-aid on this ground at all
removed by the altered condition of its applica-
tion introduced by Mr. VILLILBS in Committee.
Instead of the first provision, which gave the
pariah a claim on the union for relief where the
expenditure exceeded by two-thirds the average
of the three previous years, the right hon. gentle-
man proposed "a cut-iron rale," making the
claim for relief in all cases to depend on the rates
having risen to five shillings in the pound. Mr.
COBDEN showed very clearly in the case of the
Rochdale Union how such a proposal would work.
" The Poor Rates there in 1861 were Is. Id. in
" the pound. It was estimated in the account
" before the House that in 1862-3 they would be
" ls. 81d. Well, it was now proposed that the
" Rochdale Union should have no assistance till
" its rates had mounted from ls. 83d. to ss. in
" the pound. It must, therefore, raise an increase
" of 31,000 t. by additional rates upon its amount
" of rateable property before it could come upon
" the county. He had a letter from the Tree-
" surer of the Rochdale Relief Fund, in which
" the writer stated that there were 85 mills within
" a radius of one mile from the centre of that
" town, 36 of which were closed, and he was of
" opinion that in another month 60 mills out of
" the whole 85 would be obliged to atop. He
"added that the subscriptions were exhausted,
" and he dared not attempt to say how the winter
" was to be got through—that the prospect was
"appalling in the highest degree, and the Poor
" Law Board refused substantial aid."

In such a case as this it is clear that • large
proportion of the ratepayers in the union would
be pauperized before any relief whatever could be
obtained from a rate-in-aid. The largest class of
ratepayers in these great centres of industry con-
sists of factory clerks and foremen, small shop-
keepers, and skilled artisans. These classes suffer
almost as much from the existing distress as the
ordinary mill hands who are altogether thrown out
of employment. But by the help of their own
slender savings, and a little temporary assistance
from others, they are striving under terrible hard-
ships and privations to keep themselves above the
condition of paupers, and if their ordinary burdens
are not artificially increased great numbers of
them will in all likelihood succeed. To dis-
courage them in this noble effort, and, above
all, to render success all but impossible by
unwise legislation, would be a moral cala-
mity almost as great as the material
distress that already afflicts these unhappy dis-
tricts. There can be no reasonable doubt, how-
ever, that in such cases • rate of five shillings in
the pound would effect this. It is hard enough
for this humble and suddenly impoverished class
of ratepayers to have to meet a call two-thirds in
excess of the ordinary demand. But if this de-
mand is multiplied fivefold at the very time when
their ordinary means of support are so seriously
reduced if not altogether withdrawn, their utmost
efforts to tide over the terrible crisis will be una-
vailing. Multitudes who might otherwise have
struggled on successfully would inevitably sink
into the slough of pauperism. This is no doubt
what would have happened at Rochdale under the
provisions of the Government Bill as it stood.
But it must be remembered that the Rochdale
Union is by no means an exceptional instance.
It is essentially in it main features the case of
Lancashire at large. Mr. COBDEIN clearly pointed
out yesterday the mistake on this head that per-
•vades not only the calculations of the Govern-
ment, but much of what is spoken and written
on the subject—the mistake of supposing that the
distress is confined to those on whom it imme-
diately falls, the operatives who are thrown out
of employment, or to those towns in which the
mills are actually closed. " The fallacy consisted
" in supposing that, while that large quantity of
" persons would be thrown out of employment, the
" rest of the population of Lancashire would be
" in their normal condition. But the prosperity
" of the whole people depended on the prosperity
" of the cotton industry—in fact the employment
" of the whole population was like the works of
" a clock, and if the main spring was broken the
" whole works would be stopped. The people of
" Lancashire would be distressed if the cotton
" trade was stopped. The way to view the ques-
" tion was that every part of Lancashire was
" engaged in the cotton trade. Some honourable
" gentlemen talked of separating the mantifac-1
" turing parts of Lancashire from the agricultural,
" but those parts which were not engaged in

the cotton trade were very small Indeed."
From the statistics furnished by the Member for
Rochdale it appears that the distressed unions
already include nearly half of the whole rateable
property of Lancashire, add that the remaining
moiety is very far indeed from being purely agri-
cultural. It is asserted, indeed, that only about
one-seventh of the whole rateable property of the
county is purely agricultural. In the absence
of any very recent returns it is difficult to
test the precise value of such an assertion ; but if
it is at all near the truth, it is clear that the
conditions of an equitable and efficient rate-in-aid
exist to a very limited extent in Lancashire. If
the great towns, in which the distress prevails,
were surrounded by rich rural parishes, containing
a class of ratepayers comparatively unaffected by
the calamity, no plan of relief could be more just
in principle or effective in practice than that of a
rate-in-aid. But when the centres of distress im-
poverish the surrounding districts, while the cen-
tres are at the same time so manyand the districts
BO wide as to cover the greater part of the
county, this scheme of relief is so ob-
viously insufficient to meet the emergency
that it would be in the highest degree pedantic
and mischievous to insist on it to the exclusion of
every other. The obvious resource in such a case
of wide-spread but essentially temporary distress
is that of a loan.

Cbe Court.

BALMORAL, JULY 29.

The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise,
and attended by Viscountess Jocelyn, walked in the
grounds yesterday.
The Princesses Helena and Louise went out riding.
The Prince of Wales left the Castle yesterday for Birk-

The Viceroy of Egypt left Woolwich in his yacht yestor-
day for Greenbithe, to have the yacht's composer* adjusted
previous to the departure of his Highness from England.

Her Majesty the Queen and the Princesses and
younger Princes will, upon their return from Scot-
land, proceed upon the Ist September abroad. Her
Majesty will pay a strictly private visit to the
King of the Belgians for two or three days, and
will subsequently pass some weeks in seclusion at
the Castle of Rheinhardtsbrunn, near Gotha, which
her brother-in-law, the Duke of Saxe Coburg and
Gotha, has placed at her disposal. Her Majesty
will travel in the strictest incognito, under the title
of Duchess of Lancaster. The Prince of Wales
will join her Majesty at Rheinhardtabrunn a few
days after her arrival, and after spending some
time with the Queen will proceed upon a visit to
his Royal Highness's sister, the Crown Princess of
Prussia. As naturally no festivities could take
place upon that occasion, his Royal Highness's
birthday, when he comes of age, will not be cele-
brated
by the Royal Family, and his Royal High-
ness will remain abroad beyond that day with his
sister and brother-in-law.

His Highness Prince Lichtenstein has left
Claridge's Hotel for Brighton.
The Earl and Countess of Granard have left town
for Culls Forbes, Longford.

The Earl and Coantes.; of Hopetoutt have left
Eaton•aquare, for Unit mat. Hopotoon House, Haddisgton-
shire.

The Countess Solms has arrived at Claridge's
Hotel from the Continent.

Hie Excellency M. Rouher, Minister of Agricul-
lure, Commerce, and Public Work' of France, has left
Claridge'e Hotel for Park.

Viscount Marsham has left Long'e Hotel for
Ireland.

The Count and Countem de Flera have left the
Clarendon Hotel foe the Continent.

The Countess de Spaur has left Claridge's Hotel
for Germany.

Lord and Lady Poltimore have arrived at St.
George's Hoiel.

Leidy Churchill has left the St. George's Hotel.
Lord Hastings has left Long's Hotel for Ireland.

Lord Downs; has left Wilton-eresoent on a visit
to Sir Joint and Lady Pollen at Redenbam, Haat% cue his
way to Ireland.

The Right Hon. Edward Horsmau, M.P., and
Kra. Hangman lett town yesterday for Esthorpe Hall,
Warwickshire.

Sir John ftamsden has left town for his seat,
Byrem, Yorkshire.
Mr. Albert Wodiana, the Baron Atsel, and Mons.
Pierre Atwell, have left Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square,
for Scotland.

The Count and Countess de Talleyrand have
arrived at the Clareodoo Hotel, from Paris.
The Prince de Juinville has arrived at the Claren-
don Hotel from Tunbridge wells.

The Archbishop of Canterbury has conferred the
canonry of Canterbury Cathedral. vacant by the resigna-
tion of the Rev. Robert Moore, upon the Rev. John
Thomas, D.C.L., vicar of All-hallows, Barking, and
formerly of Trinity College, Oxford. Mr. Thomas graduated
RA. in 1833, was exhibitioner of Wadham College, 1829 ;
scholar of Trinity, 1830 ; Craven scholar, 1829 ; Latin
verse prizeman, 1832; and Yunnan scholar. Was fellow
sod tutor of the Durham University from 1836 to 1841,
oommisaary of part of the archdeaconry of Richmond from
1847 to 1857, and has been examining and domestic chap-
lain to the archbishop for the last fourteen years.

The rectory of Arthuret, near Longtown, Cum-
basked, bas become vacant by the death of the Rev.
William Graham, M.A. The late Sir James Graham,
Bart., M.P., who was the patron of the living, left directions
by hie will that on the next avoidance of the benefice, which
has now Ulm place, it should be conferred upon his second
sou, the Rev. Mahas Reginald Graham, M.A., of Trinity
College, Cambridge ; and he will, therefore, be the new
rector. The living is worth 1.2001. a year.
MINISTERIAL WHITE BAIT DINSTER.—Her Ma-
jesty's Ministers proceeded down the river yesterday even-
ing, on board a Citizen eteamboat, which was gaily decorated
with colours, and disembarked at the Trafalgar-stairs,
Greenwich, at a quarter to seven o'clock, for the purpose
of attending the annual white bait dinner at the Trafalgar
,Tavern.

PARLIAMENTARY CHAROLS. —The standing orders'
of the House of Commons, as revised by the select com-
mittee arpoioted last month, have been altered in some per-
timbre relating to private bills. The committee also report
that they are strongly of opinion that • reduction in some
of the fees of the house and other charges paid in respect
of private bills may be made. and should take effect as early
as possible; but they have abstained from suggesting altera-
tion lo the schedule of fees, from • conviction that it is
desirable that it should be considered in conjunction with
the scale of other parliamentary charges, and these did not
come within the scope of the inquiry delegated to the com-
mittee. Among the fees paid to the house are, 5/. on the
deposit of the petition, the bill, plan, or any other docu-
ment ; 5/. on the presentation of the petition for the bill ;
15!. on the first reading. 15!. on the second reading, 154 on
the report from the committee, and 151. on the third read.
iog. These are the lowest fees; they rise with the sum to
be spent on the execution of the work authorised by the
bill ;if that sum be 1,!i00,0001., meth 151. fee beemoeslsol.
An inquiry into the subject will doubtless be instituted next
sciesion.

ADDRESS To Ma. LLINO.—At a meeting of the
directors of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce yester-
day. a sub-committee was appointed to prepare • congratu-
/story address to the Hoe. S. Wag, oil his return from
India._

It is our painful duty (says the Dublin Evening
Mein to annoence the seddea death of seethe,, probably
the last, of our eminent Irish scholars. Professor O'Curry
hes sot keg survived his fellow•bibourer, Jobe O'Donovan.
, This wood sad event haves a blank in the ranks el Irish
1 archeologists which will not readily be up. Two each
men as O'Donovsa sad O'Curry are not again likely to ap-
pear over the berme of Celtic literature. In transcribing
sod celiatiog the Etrehow law manuscripts at. the British
llnestun, and in the Bodies' Library, O'Deeovaa sod
Merry worked together with a deekeleeee white pro-
voked the highest melte far waive Irish Inuning. OVarry's
Lege work, lately published, redoubt overinzed his strength.
Ile, like O'Donovan, leases • Mally, we believe wholly an-
provided far.
Carsraa Pat aas.—Orrs Builmrita DAL —Ww.
JOLT 30.—I41sairioos ea 10,663 ; ditto
by swam lists% 1,196 ; total, 11,