The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-17 00:00:00

LONDON,-XOND-4Y, SiPT-ENBE.II

Ir searoely required Mr. DISRAELI'S speech at
Aylesbuty. . to prove that, amongst the leading fro-
tectionists, "protection," Au its, proper ease le a
rapidly exploding Smolt. even at agricultural
mistier the word is beginning to go out of rogue.
The kedges of the tory party carefully eschew it.
They talk now not of "protection," but of "agricul-
tural burdens." By degrees, in • fact, they are ad-
,vanoing towards what they will inevitably end la—
the principle of " flm•eoial reform." The road they
take to pc to it is somewhat roundabout, but that
it will eventually end at the right point there is every
roma to anticipate.
Uwe wanted an illustration of the present alumna-
leas position of protectionism," we should find it in
what is now going on in the division of West Surrey.
A vacancy occurred there some weeks ago by toe
death of Mr. Damson. it happens that
there are two protection societies in West Surrey
—one at Oandford, the other, we believe, at
Epsom. Now a leading member of these societies is
a gentleman recognised by the tories of London as
the Polar star of the protectionists. Mr. FRESHFIELD
has been unlucky. Poor man, he has lost Falmouth,
and Locdaa, and Derby, and Balton, and so many
other places that it would be quite tedious to enume-
rate them. But amid all his election dis-
appointments, Mr. PIISSIITIELD had one glori-
ous eoneolation. He should be elected for
West Surrey whenever • vacancy occurred
there. That was his continual boast and glory.
Whenever it was told at the Carlton , that Mr.
FRESIIFIELD was spin defeated, " Well, never
mind," was the reply ; " FILESHPIELD is sale for his
county, whenever there should chance to be a
vacancy."
Welt, Mr. DENISON died. A long and faithful
parliamentary_ career it was his Rood lot to boast.
From 1818 to 1849 he represented Surrey, and not
one man is there at the close of his long life, who can
charge against him •vote given on a principle that
he did not believe to be honest and comistent.

There was a vacancy for West Surrey. The two
Protection Societies were alive to the occasion. They
announced Mr. FEEIHTIELD ? Did they? Not a
bit of it 1 With indecent haste, they instantly put
out a placard, stating that Mr. Faux LADBROKE,
formerly a sort of 'whit, would be a candidate, on
protection principles, to this important county.
Mr. LADBROICE was abroad. Had he Wen :at
home, the tones never would have taken the liberty
they ventured to take with his respected name. The
announcement was a ruse I its motive easily explained.
The protection societies had two objects in view :
first, to keep Mr. FEESHFIELD out of the field I se-
condly, to gain time in order to procure a candidate.
The second object wan auxiliary to the first, for Mr.
FRIAIMILLD they were determined never to sup-
port.
New, why M'r. FRISHIPIELD should have been
thrown overboard it is not our business to explain.
It may have bees his persenalunpopulat ity in Surrey:
it may have been that the protection societies full well
knew that a candidate of bin extreme principles
would sot stand a chance. Probably they were
influenced by a combination of both 'these reasons.
Whatever may have been their motive the end was
fully answered. Mr. FRIBEFIELD was kept out of
the field, and in a week or eta the curtain was with-

drawn to exhibit the reel
of Wootton.

r. EVILLYN

Now, what is Mr. EVELYN P Hs is introduced, by
it remarked, by one Agricultural Protection Society,
and has been adopted by another. What si
the principles on which he is thus brought
forward P Rewilect, the " Farmers' Protection Be.
ciety" of Guildford announced their candidate to the
electors under the hand and seal of Mr. TRURLOW,
their chairman, as "the Protector of British iodate-
try." They canvassed amongst the farmers in the
market and elsewhere, and secured promises for Mr.
EvELYN on the ground, solely, that he was "for a re-
turn to the protective duties on foreign corn."
Weil, what is the very Ant thing their can.
didate does ? Why, being a young man et
a sensible turn of mind, he, in his very tint pub!k
speech, throws over the
.principle of 4 protection'
altogether, affirming that, in the abstract, " free trade
is unassailable;" telling the electors that they are
"far too intelligent to think of restoring the slidiaig-
scale•" assuring them that " in the course of time the
country will adjust itself to the new order of things ei
and !peaking of the repeal of the corn law, not as
unwise, not as injurious, but in the following mode-
rate langmige
When Sir Robert Peel, sating in the discharge of what t •
deemed his duty, proposed the repeal of the corn laws, I be-
lime that the agricultural isitereat was not ripe for that es-
perintent. In patios to you the transition from high
prewar)s to unlimited csaipstision should have been more
gradual, and accompanied with remedial measures of relief,
which might have enabled you to but up against that com-
petition. You do not want to be benefited at Ode meow If
your °ornery ;. all you ask is to be placed on • fair tooting in
your competition with the foreigner.
Thu not being, as may bs well supposed, entirely
astistactmy to the " Farmers' Protection &catty," Mr.
,2'6Tl was urged to go further. At length, by
tic persuasions of friends and the taunts of opponents,
be was induced to state what were his views. Here
they are, and certainly no "protectionist" ever ex-
pound himself more liberally :
I shssld be prepared to &donate all preetimble measures
WI of smarscriox, but] of agricultural relief. lem in
et a redaction of these burdens which prim are
ysarlatastry, sad an squallissisa of that taxation of whieb
Vs sow pay an luaus pesparams. With referents to this
laths subject, I allude paesisaisely to the poor rat. and
highway rate. I think that while the real property of this
Wintry is heavilistardased. pasolioalscopesty is noel un-
Fat ttedlialbmssershr Osibstillipso swim sastriii and
Aida Mos I oss olio is ham if a issionss duty
on Ilse lopoiloisasitcooliptionjoaisotbo moo sisovsous
vow or
_rieroitost._. Allis She oh I Aides / teals, rotor;

te; tntilefjuwe eo Wise of astir*, 41.- 1 do.piut hold
or! to
you any usalmOitione esposisfisies: so &Mk you
mutt you Apart as parasimarries.
Mr. EMU, tins weitidos s

I ask yea, at this the oohs* of patine life, to repots a
HtW indliwit h sae ; not to se* to fetter Ise bead sad
trot, are to bled se to say party, for I tell Now plainly there
is as party is Om ilorommeoe of whieb I wholly ale.
prow; tad were I le anent I should Moto be aide to
rapport ail good sad sioesorea tress whatever smarter
they ease—/ Awe Oe we ofibremeE7e. If you mad
se to periisatent, I ge we se die of a party, bat as
as isefsewelest member of the
Mr. EVELYN is a very young gentlemen, and evi-
dently a very sensible young gentleman. He has,
we believe, spent the greater portion of his life abroad,
mingling comparatively little in the political world at
home. Avery few years spentin England would still far-
ther modify Mr. EVELYN'S sentiments; and probably
by the time the next new parliament was summoned
to assemble, he would be hailed by every party as
a man well fitted, by his talents sad position to re-
presenta distinguished constituency in parliament.
sincerity we would advise Mr. EVELYN to with-
draw from the present contest; not to throw away his
reputation in the support of a falling cause: not to
commit himself to tho party by whom he would seem
ahead to have been =troops&
What are we to think of that party P Did they
bring forward Mr. EVELYN eineerel7 believing him
to be a protectionist P or before they introduced him,
had they made up their own minds to advance from
ander the battery of " protection" into the more open
field of "agricultural relief e If the first, their dis-
appointment must be as great as is their dishonesty
In continuing to support their present candidate after
his decided explanations; if the last, whilst we may
*oleo at their increased enlightenment, we can-
not bat condemn their want of candour in not
avowing at once that they have abandoned
their position. At presentthey are the scorn andlangh-
ing stook of all parties. Their own organ, the I
Morning Post, treats them as renegades and decoders.

The eadilldste, for whom they are fighting this battle,
derides them. The liberals "laugh to see the sport" :
Mr. Faxiansib and two "Farmers' Protection Soci-
eties" dearly ent.insnalovred—the engineer of the
Cityind the Carlton "hoisted with their own petard !"
WAR? Not% the liberal candidate for West But -
!q, sie*ss a dear claim upon the electorate. He
is not only a large landowner in the county, but he is
himailf a practical agriculturalist. His addresses to

ward. He has not attempted to diestWtitetOon-trie
questions of protection sad free tads. As a practical
11116"greraws q eson.gkotz trade, I:sieh Wisdom my eon-
v3etion that it is now the interest of . sad Mere
rridettseglea2 of the fanner, that &add tre
On the subject of financial refers he is equally
decided :

I am keliegly alive to the heavy bargees which press with
poralier severity upon the industrial dames, and owe par-
at this time apes the agrieultural interest. With-
seddliainialdeg the efaieney of the pablis aerviee, I oen.
mile that greet »duet* may, and must be made in the
f=deexpeadtture, and if I Mee the hoar to be rz,
as ow Of your repeessatatires, I wilt direct my
utmost sad unseasing esagisa Weise eesemplidtramst of this
ottixot•
At thO present time this is certainly the proper
man for Surrey.
We must not :argot -b record. one circumstance
attending this contest, which seems to realise the
hopes which we set out by saying that the present
position of the protectionists affords as. Mr. Eixism
commenced his canvass of the county upon the prin-
ciple laid down in the paragraph last quoted from his
address. His motto was iiNANCIAL REFORM."
It was speedily evident that his declarations upon that
subject had made en impression on the electorate.
How great an impression they had made was not fully
apparent until some days after, when Mr. EVELYN,
the candidates of two "protection societies," issued a
second address, of which the following is the conclud-
inffParaffraPk:
hese is ono important subject on which I beg to state my
sentiments. Ifinnly believe not only in fife advantage, Ind
in the ABM/LUTZ NECESSITT OP FINANCIAL AIIIINDWINT,
and • dee and well considered retrenchment in our national
expenditure.
Placards were at the mare time put forth, on which
were emblazoned the words " EVELYN and Financial
Amendment." We are confidently assured that the
words originally employed by the protectionist candi-
date were the same as those of the liberal, "Financial
Reform," but that they were altered to "Financial
Amendment' at the speciai request of certain mem-
bers of the party.
This is "amendment" indeed!

Ws can conceive no conduct or no language more
insolent or impolitic than that which the, in this in-
stance, government journal ventures, whilst expatiat-
ing on the resistance of the entire population of the
Cape to convict importation. If the colony won't take
English convicts, said) that journal, of what use is a
colony? The Cape of Good Hope, as a British settle-
ment, if not us dependent colony, must ever be of the
first importance to England. It is the halfway-house
for all our shipping on the voyage to that hemisphere
where is likely to be concen rated the future p twee,
trade, and eoloxisation of Great Britain. The Cape
colony is an undertaking on the part of some hundred
thousand Christians to civilise and settle the southern
portion of one of the great quarters of the
globe. Although without the means and ma-
terials of great surplus produce, and sudden
wealth, given to other countries, it is the more
likely to remain industrious and happy, not
tempting the adventurer with hopes of speedy tortune,
but attracting the settler and the huMbler emigrant
to select a permanent home in a pure climate and
amidst a moral and religious people.
The natural tendency of the Cape, indeed, has been
that of religious a community warring with heathen-
ism and barbarism by the sent of the gospel. And it
is this purely religious character, so evident in the
eloquent speeches made at all the great meetings,
that has inspired the insurmountable repugnance to
the reception of even reformed convict«, which
already rises to the language nad almost to the reality
of insurrection.

This repugnance is augmented by a very general
knowledge in the colony of what Sydney is and has
been—that Pandemonium of the other hemisphere,
where the virtuous struggle with slow and painful
anima to extricate themselves and their families
from the contamination of a century of convict influx.
The repugnance is also increased by the very
natural pride of a colony, refusing to be made the
corpus rile for any experiment, however useful, for
either harbouring or returning the convicts of the
mother country.
All these natural causes of repugnance and of irri-
tation are rendered ten times worse, and aggravated
into perfect sores by arguments such as those unfor-
tunately used by Lord GREY and by the nmes. The
farmer paid in debate that the colony having coat Eng-
land upwards of a million in the Kaffir war, ought
not to grumble at receiving a few convicts. But the
men of the Cape may reply, your alteration of the
duties on wines destroyed here at least two millivolt'
sterling worth of capital. Did that give us a right to
send turbulent or criminal Hottentots to England P As
muck harm and bad feeling is caused by recrimina-
tions such as these, as by positive acts of abase or
oppression.
The colony of the Cape, naturally, as we have said,
a religious, industrious, and pacific community,
has been converted by our system into a military aid
a conquering one. Hair way to India, 'in a temperate
clime, peculiarly restorative of health, it is
too convenient as 'a Military etation, not to
be used as such. Hence we have garrisoned
and generalled it time out of mind. The
governor, always a general, has of course always
infused his military spirit and polity into the Exe-
cutive Council, aid even into the legislative which
were his nominees. War is an expenditure of money,
by which all employed profit : it is an expenditure in
the colony, at the expense of the mother country.
And when the authorities of the mother country re-
commend and press it, of course it is not for colonists
to oppose or gainsay. They do not pay, bat profit.
The consequence has been, campaigning without
end. The acquiescence of the colony, the assent
and enthusiasm of that portion of the colonists, profit-
ing and delighting in these border wars, have been
alleged se pleas with parliament at home. And we
have spent in killing Caffres more money than would
have bought them and their lands to Christianity
and peace ten times over.
And now we turn and lay the blame on the
colonists, and ask them to give' payment in what
they bold most dear, the sanctity and purity of their
homes. We should first of all ascertain their opinions
before we assume them, and give them legal mesas of
expressing them, ere we impose debts and condi-
tions upon them, which they do not acknowledge,
and which though apparently light' to us, are into-
lerable to them. We should cease, and should have
long since ceased, to force them to be a military
people, and should have warned them that whatever
military propensities or crusades they chose to indulge
inrthey should pay for. And this is the true damper
to military spirit. The people of the Cape
may thank their being a military colony for
their ever having b.en made a penal set-
tlement. The things go together. Convicts
require soldiers to take care of them. Bunch and
prams are in natural junta-position. And Lord
GREY not inconsistently, though imprudently, argued,
that where there was a military establishment kept
up by the mother country, the penal establishment
was but a fair corollary. What the colonist, there-
fore, had better do is, to petition for a removal of
both, and what the government had better do is to in-
dulge the colony by that removal. Without soldiers
there will be no wars. Paying soldiers no longer
for colonial use, -the mother country will not think
itself entitled to override colonial desires, And that
jarring,and discontent will cease, which offers to fo-
reign nations the aspect of greater weakness in an em-
pire than the number of regiments can make up in
numerical strength.
We have in this not said a word of the convict
question itself. The convicts themselves deserve some
consideration, especially when classed and condemned
in the loose manner now prevalent. Perhaps in the
batch from Bermuda, which the Cape community now
vans, there are Irishmen condemned for insurrection,
Englishmen for Chartist riots or for game-law-made
crime, boys reared in crime, and rescued from it witnie
the walls of a gaol. The criminal outcasts of England
deserve more Christian considenition than the men
of the Cspe. had leisure or temper to bestow. Bat
the work of prison reform ought to have been tried
in some patent manner, ere its remits were thrust,
and so hurriedly and unceremoniously, on inch a com-

enmity as that of the Cape. And tiThereeig,.....
of the colonial-office in this precludes all bZif,,
accomplishing what might by fairer and more IQ
means have been effected, the diapersioa of referial
(strives amongst an industrious population, sed6
lands where labour, certain of reward, had fez
attraction than plunder.
his
!sell
trial
-4

Pirs the NINTH bas declared it to be
?ton, that any medium or compromise between
float absolutism and popular freedom is imp
Having tried this compromise and failed, he
any firther experiment, and when ultra to
bra an administration in Ronse,the once libew
sends not merely churchmen, but churchum
dowed with the narrowest spirit of church,
meat, restoring the Index and the inquirie,
stalling priests in the judgment seat, and
post of !greater or 'timer authority, thus badly dkt,
mining in the faoe of the French army to eoforce
mat rule of the sixteenth century amidst tte
of the nineteenth.

Louie NAPOL sox has protested against thy
a frsnkoess, a firmness, and vivacity worthy or
name. It is the first noble act of his reigo ,
of principle, not policy; of true sentiment, 4,
selfish calculation; anhe bas but to adhere ;, ;
setting aside the glozings of diplossin, ''.'
scorning the fears of politicians, to atti,-1:
aim. The enemies of the PRESIDENT insist !hash,
in a eul de sae, from which neither he nor the pore
can withdraw. Let the POPE withdraw or net, NI
should not. If ever there was a case stifle:jaw,
root cesium, it is that of the French demskil;
papal fatuity for justice.
Oar own opinion is, that ruat melees nal biti
alternative, and that the power if the pawl willecii
down; to expect that Roman prieste,educatid ape*
are, and thinking as they do, can govern the poi, '
of Rome, or any people, is absurd ; or that lease.'
try, which they deem their patrimony, they sh
in
allow laymen to govern, even their name, is eqt,i
impossible.Thep:esent Pope has flarighimaelf haii
the arms of political bigotry. The nexteiset data
slave of cardinals will be • bigot by chasten Nnature. In this spirit he can only rule the '
population by armies. Austria and France nil
zlitil
isde to each other, bat will share the tie it
farming for the Pon. Nor are they &obit moo
to go to war for the stupidity of a set of ninon,
ated priests. They will make a compromies, am .
that compromise is the partition and annilidatis
of the popedom, at least as a temporal power. 1'
Let us suppose, however, that Pius is ad ti,
obstinate fool we take him for. Let us anima itt,
granted that when he finds Austria unpraperoll
support a pure hieroc-acy, he will give way. 'Os
when he finds he cannot enforce better term; Ws
ness will consent to an amnesty, a lay 4
and lay judges, lay ministers and Mk*
and a " liberal form of government." This Matte
pulation—one of the points of the Paestnuts hes
—consists of mere words. It may mean styli*
representative assembly, or a consultative senate; a
that, as far as a constitution goes, Louts Noma
has left a back door open to retreat from that.
But the great points are the code and thesecie
administration. If there is a fair law to appeal laid
upright men to administer it, priestly misrule vi
extortion receive a severe mad salutary cheek. lic
tris code, its working, and its validity, moot keel
upon an administration of respectable laymro; ate
the administration of respectable laymen mule
pond upon a representative assembly. Tee sweep
must, in all case', be a priest. His secret soden
dential council will be composed of canEnala Tr
interews of the church, and of a papal pin
throughout Europe bound up with the interim
of the church, must animate their made
How can men, administering the temporal demi
the popedons, resist its injunctions and its order:,
acts of prodigality or oppression, unless mhos
a en have an assembly, a lay assembly, to lean spa!
They would be but puppets in the bands of the rd
nals. No man of sense or respertabilly wall*
cept V. e position. And we should thus on a
Rome a ministry like that of the Archduke JOE a
Frankfort, consisting of valets and Urgent% II
offecourings of ante-chambers and of sons*
If, on the contrary, ministers be chosen hum'
supported by, a representative assembly, a film
and popular opinion, bow are such lay plum
effect a pacific and permanent compromise utah
lame with the sacerdotal ones?

Pope Pius, therefore, may be right in his we*
viction, that any medium between complete medal
supremacy and full popular freedom is impossible, ui
that however lay sovereigns may manage to ens
constitutionally along with their free people, as eule
siu'ioal sovereign cannot—above all, an eockeiestial
sovereign, who claims spiritual supremacy over to
universe! If the papal dominions were ins coma,
did they constitute an island, or fill a spot whose its
affected but itself, such a petrified and isolated tau
of politics and society might be tolerated and might
continue to lift itself as a large iceberg whili lad
floated down amidst southern latitudes and teem*
seas, and which might be left to melt away and di
solve at leisure. The POPE, lord of Sardinia ce Milts
would interfere with no prospects, and not massif
fortunes or indepe, deuce of any nation es rite.
But in the centre of Italy such a monstrous such"
nism cannot hope to last.
The House of AUSTRIA may restore, at 'Mt for I
time, its despotism. Conceding to the peutou the
liberties they have lately won, and filling the !trio
?racy with employs, it may still go on, as of old, tali•
log down the middle class, and refusing it either intk
Nonce, or development of freedom of religisepti
motion, industry, or thought With an army to
oppress, and an aristocracy to lead it, youi lay despot
may exist for a time. But the poor POPE ISIS 1101
one element of power. An elective and non.terti•
torial aristocracy, like the cardinals, brings weakness
not support, to the state which they encumber with
their exigencies and ignorance. Armies the Poet
can neither raise nor pay. To levy Roman lediel
would be more daarrous than to be occupied mi
fleeced by France, Spain, and Austria. Nothing es
be more moderate or fair than what Lotus NAPOLI:Og
demands of the POPE. Yet the POPE cannot gill
those under penalty of perdition. What then ?
Look upon the POPE as we do upon the TA
as a vapid mortuum, andmske the best /impends
for the future settlement of the land; which tad
must one day, sooner or later, inevitably vacate.

Dr. rw •Txr. B. ar. daLPENTEE baa been appointed Pro'
Caron of litodieal Juvisprodsooe is Unoevelty Collp, in dif
roes of lb. late Dr. Anthony Todd Taorason, daeesed,"
Medical Grudge.

FOREST OFFENCES.—LTNDRIIRST, HANTS.—VIZ'
DRIEIIe COURT, TUNIDAT.—Before a full bench of we
derers and magistratee.—After finishing the usual besieged
the court, Frederick Wolf and John Fryer were clorilol
with stealing birch wood from Dinney-walk, in the lieu
Forest, the property of her Majesty. They each *alai
guilty, and were fin.d Ss. and ensts.—Robert Bradley Vs
charged with uolawfully cutting 600 turf in Ashton-war
in the New Forest, and fined 6s. and 7a. 6d. costs, or is
default committed to Winchester for one month to bsrd
labour.—Maria Bradley was charged by Mr. George Priee
groom-keeper; with unlawfully cutting a quenthy d
alder sticks in the New Forest, the property of ber *key,
and fined 6e. and 71. 6d. code, which she pant—him
Prince, of Beaulieu, was also charged with unlawfully eat'
ting a quantity of turf in the New Forest, without banal
a forest right, and fined 11. and expenses of court, ',hick
were paid.—A' the County Bench, on Wednesday, GAWP
Harris, of Ming, was charged by J•thn Orme, groom*
keeps, of Irons-bill-walls, with unlawfally babel deer i 2
the New Forest, the property of her Majesty. Tam not
being sufficient evidence, the defendant was discherpd—
George Henvia, of Bramabaw, was charged by Henry Toone,
groomkeeper, with unlawfully attempting to kill deer laths
New Forest, the property of her Majesty, and fitted 601, a
in default to be committed to Winchester for six seentha—
Hampahira Independent.
MINISTERIAL MOVEMENTL—Tho Earl Guy CD n•
thanes in attendance on the Gamin, but shortly leans to re
pant to Howick.hal4 Northumberland, whence he cones to
L.indoa. The Roble earl will be succeeded by hie relstin,
Sir George Grey, who will attend on her Majesty
royal progress by railway to London. The Earl of bin?
is staying at linhmond. Lord Campbell is at ho
seat, in t3owlend, and is not espected to 1:
to town Word the middle of next month. T
Marquis of Lansdowne arrived on Friday at Hoed-
ton Fahey on a visit to the Duke of Hamilton treda,
staying a . how' days with Lord and Lady Brougham. a.
Brougham Hall, Cumberland. The noble marten uT
proud close
of the enamel !eel'
Lwd John Russell will continue at Pembroke Lodge, A•G'.
lmhoe-Ddurarerkan,
dunDtiulethheeunoolfAßeedlotordrd,anatd
Woburn
rigo
Aebnwayvk Ths
i 0 t 0
Earl of Carlisle is in town on business connected wlrtiL
department in the government, and among the On or!_
the:l4(.4(4in% csobfinceiteumritocardown d.
vriihongouthnet Ipasstiouwersektote,et!'"4
Nig..t Hon. Henry lAbouchere. The Right Horlet,7
Sir lona Cam Hobhouas hes left for Hrlestuke Park.
where the right lowaarible barwast will remain a ,port
prod. w s