The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-16 00:00:00

E EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 16, 1846

matter, that a great improvement in the breeds of placable foe. He was for putting down everything
cattle, and an increased knowledge of stock-feeding new, from gas to fox hunting, and keeping up every-
promises, has followed from such exhibitions as that Was
old, including filth and beggary. Yet the man
lately open in BAer-strect. wiui no blockhead; but, having started with the
Th. addition. of the labosners' premiums to the' a seesaw's of our ancestors" party, his sense of con-
Agricultural Amociation's prizes msi comparatively sistinicy suggested a spirit of no surrender, even in a
recent thmight. It wan for the stock-yard, and cot sinking cause. The man of the exigency lately ap-
the cottage, that these bodies weft) instituted. The
union of the two may suggest good points for in- tleman named Ruseoni, who, fifteen years ago, retired
pointed isecretary to the provnal cabinet is a gen-
vidions and painful comparison, but we might be from Rome, disgusted with Gregor 's proceedings,
better employed is indicating a better mode of ac- and has since lived iu retirement at Naples. Return-
tion, than in piling up ridicule on what is commented ing a few months ago, he had an interview with Pius,
in kindly feeling, however imperfect, and carried on and his lucid views, as to
what ou
at ght to
was be dot one,
nce
so
from a real though not lofty sense of duty. There is forcibly impressed the Pontiff, th he o
some force in the remonstrance of the Rev. Mr. HART, admitted to state couSncilseveral edictsh , and will ye
beenet direc
iasued
t the
of Arundel : Papal government. av
He was sorry to observe that it bad been the custom
bitterly for some persons to ridicule societies of this nature; The old-established bank of Brancadoro and Co.
"a
itwhaouhrd dwthotetdh2 awarded
o a the
orsamoneemparsetemriu: tes
they has just closed its doors, and rumour says under cir-
on local matters this week.
slam
to a fatted pig. It appeared to hi
that such persons cumstances not very creditable. The Portuguese
fisv'entirely mistook the reason for which those premiums were minister is a sufferer, and also a celebrated character,
given. A soldier did not receive a medal or a ramie as a
reward for his past services, but as a mark of distinction ,000 dollars—in fact, a good portion of
Gaetanino, the late Pope's barber, whose suffering
amounts to 8
among his fellows ; and so the labourer received his pre the legacy he derived under his defunct master's will.
minm, not as an equivalent forhis labour, but as a testimony
of the feeling with which he was regarded•—as one who had People laugh at his disaster.
endeavoured to do his duty in his station of life. The pre- By the death of Card nal Gaysriick, Archbishop of
mium was given to the owner of a fat pig, not because he
had set before them • monster of obesity, but because he had a hat has fallen in and as there are now more
endeavoured to solve a problem in animal economy. by show- resit half-a-dozen vacancies, a new creation is spoken
ing how an animal could be fattened in the
weight,shorteg time, at of. Gaysriick was a true German of the old school,
the least expense, and made of the greatest t and a strong opponent of the Jesuits, whom he kept
It certainly takes from the comparison of the out of Lombardy to the last.
labourer's certificate with the soldier's medal, that the I took occasion some posts ago to notice the apathy
I latter may, in some cases, look forward to Greenwich
or Chelsea, while the horizon of the former is inevita- of Prince Borghese in the cause of national advance-
ment or the improvement of his country : a noble
bly bounded by the union workhouse. It falls, how- opportunity of throwing the weight of his immense
ever, to the lot of few old sailors or soldiers to end territorial property into the scale of the progressive
their days in either of these palace-asylums. With party has been let pass. I regret to find that among
the majority the highest gain must be the decoration other frivolities which occupy the leisure of the
and the poor pension for a life-long service. But in Palazzo Borghese, honurnpathy is now paramount.
all, save a very few exceptions, there is something and through female influence this nonsense has be-
substantial, however trifling, from military or naval come positively mischievous. Last March the Duchess
service. The pension stands between the veteran and of Piombino was a victim, and this week a lovely
starvation. It would be well if in the case of the daughter of Colonel Brian, of Kilkenny, died under
labourer, the parish allowance replaced it either in I this treatment, none of the many English physicians
amount or the feeling with which it is offered and ac- resident here having been imffered to attend. She
aepted. A change in our Poor-law administration might had arrived here but a few weeks ago in perfect
belptojuetify Mr. HART'S comparison. When amarked I health.
distinction is enforced in the workhouse between
the treatment of the habitual pauper, and the honest,
' industrious, worn-out labourer, the union may be to
the latter his Greenwich or hie Chelsea Hospital. Till
then it can be but one degree beyond his goal in
comforts—may be infinitely below it.
The present system of premiums professes to reward
men for the stoical and frugal endurance of misery ;
for serving the same master, for years, on a wretched
and irregular pittance of wages; for supporting, with-
out parish aid, a wife and family on means insufficient
to maintain a single man in comfort. It appears to us
that even the virtues fostered by such a system are
doubtful ones.
Here is a man who struggles through life himself,
and supports his family in the effort, honestly and
independently, against cold, hunger, nakedness. You
reward him for it. Your reward may be paltry, but
it is well meant. Paltry as it is, it is a new thing to
reward such men at all. But the struggle is
rendered necessary mainly by you who reward the
bravery which endures it.
If the Patagonian savage bears unrepiningly the
cold of Cape Horn under a short seal-Ain cloak, and
keeps up his animal heat against its perpetual frost,
on a scanty supply of roots and fish, he is not,
for that, a peculiarly deserving member of society.
You will not raise him in the scale of men by giving
him a necklace or a blanket for his endurance. Yon
must begin quite at the other end. Teach him that,
by ingenuity and mechanical aid, he may resist the
cold and satisfy his hunger, and you have done him
a real service.
Our agricultural societies, working with kindly
intentions, seem to be working upon this false
system. They reward men for manly bearing
of ills which the rewarders might better em-
ploy. themselves in removing. At their doors lie
the ignorance, brutishness, and much of the physical
wretchedness of the labourer. The landlord's doing
his duty to the tenant is the best security that the
tenant will fulfil his to the labourer. If the land-
, lord, for example, would give rational leases, the
tenant would have that security which engenders
improvement, and the labourer that increased em-
ployment which tells upon wages.
Why reward a man for concealing the squalor of
his cottage under climbing roses, and robbing
the walls of their wretchedness by the bright-
ness of his little flower-garden, when you might
destroy the prize-worthiness of such ornaments, by
building him a substantial and decent cottage? Why
give a 2/. premium for forty years' service under one
master, when masters might be urged to such dis-
charge of duty as would make long service the rule
and not the exception? Why give a card for sobriety,
when education might be imparted, which is a
more fatal enemy to the beer-shop than the
temperance society? Why acknowledge, with
a coat and buttons, the merit of a man's un-
aided support of his family, when by doing
your duty as landlords and tenants you might place
adequate means of such support within the reach of
all who chose to work? In a word, why give rewards
for killing giants, when the giants are of your own
creation ? On the whole we cannot help thinking
that here lies the pinch of the matter : Landlord do
your duty. Learn what is the highest standard of it
and strive to attain to that. The parson of the parish
will be more fitly employed in teaching it to you than
in after-dinner speech-making in praise of the Lord of
the Manor. While you refuse leases to your
tenants and leave the curate and vicar to bear
on his poor overburdened back the weight of the
parish school, which the tithe of a tithe of your in-
come would support in efficiency, while you allow
your labouring population to herd in cottages unfit
for beasts, when, by. keeping their dwellings in pro-
per repair, and fixing their rental at a reasonable
sum, you might have them comfortably and decently
lodged; while you confine your attention of all on
your estate to the condition of its stock, and the
amount of its rental ; while you go on in thiswa3-, you
are not doing your duty, though you doubled your
labourers' premiums all round, or decupled them. You
never can do your duty on such easy terms. Giving
money is the least of your duties, even could you give
it in sums adequate to deserts or necessities. But you
cannot measure the one, nor satisfy the other, by ibis
machinery.
What we want are societies for rewarding landlords
who do their duty. With a system of these in full
operation, we should hear little of labourers' premiums.

FRANCE.—MURDER DISCOVERED BY CIRCUM-
STANTIAL EVIDENCE.—We lately mentioned the murder of
two young girls at Albi, under very mysterious circum-
stances. The perpetrator of this crime has since been dis-
covered by a curious chain of circumstantial evidence.
It appears that in the chamber of one of the girls was
found a shirt stained with blood. It was by means of
this slight indication that the law-officers of the Crown
have succeeded in coming to a knowledge of the murderer.
The Procureur du ltoi and the Juge d'lnstruction, on
seeing this article, conceived it very likely that the mur '
derer bad slept with one of the girl., and getting up in
the night had cut her throat whilst asleep. The depth
of the wound in the neck of one of them seemed to war-
rantmothims suopfpothsietiosnis.ter,Haendt,heanfte,
rtheaystsruupgposoc,d,,,,wceentee9reedithe
in cutting her throat also. The murderer then, finding
his shirt stained with blood, came to the determinuma
to take it off, and in bit agitation probably left it behind him.
The shirt, the Procureur du Roi remarked, was new, never
having been washed. It was not, there.ore, unlikely that it
had been lately purchased, and in all probability in the tows.
He immediately summoned to his office all the persons at
Alb' that sold ready-made shirts, and submitting the article
in question to them individually, inquired if they could re-
member that they had sold it lately, and to whom. One wo-
man, well known in the place for her probity and respecta-
bility, declared that she had some recollection of having sold
a week be:ore a shirt, of about the texture of that produced,
to a mat, who appeared to have been a soldier. What made
her recollect the circumstance was, that a young workwo-
man, having been employed in making the shirt, had in-
serted one of the wristbands with the wrong side out, and,
In addition, had forgotten to place a second buttonhole in
front. The soldier had perceived this last-named fault,
and had got a second one made, which, being worked
by another person, was better done than the other one.
ll' the shirt submitted to her, the woman said, was that
of which she spoke, the tokens just alluded to would be easily
perceptible. On examination, the marks alluded to were all
found to be exact, and there conk be no doubt that she hail
mold the shirt to the murderer of the two girls. The woman
added that she recollected also that the man had said that he
had been a drummer, and had spoken of lodging at the
auberge of a man named Geese. The latter being brought
forward, deposed that a man had for some short time lodged
in his house, but he did not know his name. He also declared
that the man in question had returned home exceedingly late
on the night of the 27th of November, which was the date of
the murder. The question next to be solved was, who was
this man 1 A workman came forward, and stated that he
had known him for some time ; that his name was Carcasses;
that be had been a drummer in the army, and he generally
resided at Puylaurens, in the department of the Tarn. A.
corroborative proof of the identity of the man spoken of
with the murderer war afforded by the deposition of a
trumpeter of the 21st Light Infantry, who declared that
he had contrived to get out of barracks at halt-past one,
on the night of the 27th, and had gone to the lodging of
the two girls. When be knocked, one of them told him
that he could not enter, as the drummer, whom he had seen
a few days before with them, was inside, and they could not
admit any one that night. The trumpeter then withdrew.
The chain of evidence appearing complete, measures were
then taken to arrest Carcasses, and he was taken prisoner at
Puylaurens. One of his boots was found to be stained with
blood. He had in his possession a sum of 344., for which
he could not satisfactorily account, and had also in his room
some handkerchiefs bearing the initials of the girls. Ile was
interrogated at great length by the Procureur du Itoi, and,
being unable to account for the manner in which he spent
the night of November 27, refused to answer any other
questions. He was then delivered over to the custody of the
gendarmes, who locked him carefully up. They, however,
were so imprudent as to leave him by himself, in place of
keeping him constantly in view. The consequence was,
that when they entered his room in the morning, they found
he had hanged himself with a handkerchief—Galignani.
HORRIBLE PARRICIDE.—A youth of 19, named
Chevillon, and a boy of 10, named Guy, were tried on Thurs-
day, at Versailles, by the Court of Assize of the Seine-et-
Oise ; the first for parricide, and the second for complicity in
the murder. The circumstances of this Cage are horrible.
The father of Chevilloa, a labouring man, little more titan
40 years of age, was, about twelve months ago, attacked
with a paralysis of the limbs, for which he was treated with-
out effect in several hospitals. The poor fellow, however,
did not despair of recovery, and, having a little money, he
resolved on returning to his lodging—a room on the ground-
floor of a house at Versailles—and there obtaining medical
assistance. His son, also a labourer, but a youth of dissolute
life, and very profligate habits, occupied the room with his
father, who was so completely helpless that he could not rise
from his bed, and it was recessary, when he wanted air, to
lift him from it, andplace him at the door. On Aug. 23 last,
he was still sanguine of recovery, and hails foot-bath, and took
some refreshment. Only a day or two previously he had re-
ceived from some member of his family, on whom he had
claims, a sum of 200 f., which was placed in a bag near his
bed. On the following morning, at half-past seven, some
neighbours were called in by young Chevillon, who told them
that his father was dying. 'this was indeed the case ; they
found the father insensible, and removed him to an hospital,
where he died a few hours afterwards. On a post ,modem
examination the medical men declared that the man had not
died of the malady under which he had so long suffered, but
of suffocation ; and as it was known that the son was in com-
pany with Guy, the younger prisoner, and had passed the
night of the 23d of August in debauchery, spending a good
deal of money, and as the 2.001'. which the father had re.
ceived were not to be found, it was supposed that he had
stolen it, and caused the death of his parent. Young Che-
villon and Guy were arrested, and the following confession
was made by the latter. He said that he was in the room
of the deceased with the son, who purchased some charcoal
at the desire of the father, to makes small fire on the hearth
to warm Name broth ; but instead of doing this the son made
a large fire on the floor, and unseen by the father, took
away the bag containing the 200 f. The room became very
hot ; the sick man complained, but the son told him the heat
would do him good, and then left with Guy, closing the
door after him. They went to a dance, and when that was
over, to a public house, where Chevillon drank in company
with several persons of bad character. At about five in
the morning he sent Guy to his father's lodging to see
whether he was dead. Guy returned, and said that he had
not had courage to enter the room, but had looked through
the window and seen the father in the agonies of death.
Chevillon remained drinking for about two hours, and then
went to the place himself. Finding the father speechless,
and, therefore, unable to give any information as to the
cause of the hopeless state in which he was lying,
Chevillon, after sweeping the remains of the charcoal
into the fire-place, went out and called the new' hbours.
Chevillon, at first, denied that he bad made any fire, and
pretended that his father's death had taken place in the due
course of nature, but some of the witnesses having declared
that the stone floor of the room was hot when they entered,
and that there were still embers on the hearth, he shifted his
course, and made the following statement: His father, he
said, had become weary of life, and resolved to abridge his
sufferings by suicide. He had given the 200 franca to his
son, as being no longer of use to himself, and desired
him to make a large charcoal fire on the floor, in order
that the fumes might produce death, and when the fire had
been kindled he ordered the son to leave. This statement
did not impose upon the examining magistrate, and it was
contradicted, not merely by the confession of Guy, but by
much circumstantial evidence. The prisoner Chevillon per-
sisted in hie falsehood, and pretended that he thought he
was doing his duty in obeying the injunctions of his father.
On the trial the counsel for Chevillon endeavoured to shake
the evidence as to the eauseof the death of the deceased • and
secondly, supposing that he might have died of suffocation,
suicidech evino is . notguu
guilty of
guilty o f
parricide, m urd
but with The
jmurder. sought to obtain credit for the statement of his client,
unitiug at the same time that in law the man who assists
another,
nroth, heorwtoever commit
found,
extenuating circumstances; and be was sentenced to twenty
years' imprisonment with hard labour. Guy was acquitted.
—Gatignani.
FRANCE AND THE NORTHERN Paw ERR.—The pre-
sent state of European polities and the interior of the
Peninsula (says El Espectador) has allowed the Carnets to

Itt 1815 ROBERT OWEN dedicated his New Views
of Society to the Holy Alliance, the Prince Regent,
and Mr. WILBERFORCE, confident that this miscella-
neous assembly would take upon them the office of
his apostles. In 1846, ROBERT OWEN invokes
the Americans of the United States to realise his
theories—equally confident that they will work at

his bidding:
It must be confessed, however, that his langu
now indicates a more just estimate of the character
of his new agency, than his language then did of the
old. " During the next Presidential term," he says,
" faith in words will cease." When we reflect on the
Pennsylvanian bondholders, it must be confessed that
this is no rash prophecy. " You are in the straight
road onward," says Mr. OWEN, "and nature declares
that onward we must go."—The -go-ahead propensi-
ties of the republic, expressed in its longing looks at
Canada, its nibble at Oregon, and its gulp at Mexico,
are not unfelicitously expressed in this phrase. We
trust that Mr. OWEN is equally right, when he pro-
ceeds to tell them—" You will cease wars and
terminate the principles w-fifiß—Ve ars proceed."
Mr. OWEN exhorts the Americans to " let the
coming elections be to secure universal education,
beneficial occupation, and local and general good
government for all, amidst superior instead of inferior
and mixed external circumstances." This, especially
the last clause, is not, it must be confessed, very in-
telligible ; but probably Mr. OWEN uttered it in hopes
of occupying his fellow-citizens with attempts to guess
its meaning, as we propose riddles to children to keep
them out of mischief.

ROME DEC 3.

I know not whether the return of ootint.Rosii has
given additional impulse to the progress of Roman
reforms, but there is unmistakeable evidence of re-
newed activity in every department. The grand
blow, as far as the capital is concerned, was struck at
the beginning of this week, when the old " governor,"
Marini, got notice to quit- His successor is not yet
appointed. This riddance is of paramount maftni-
Jude. Every amelioration found in Marini an un-