The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-31 00:00:00

SEWAGE MANURE.

LORD BROUGHAM AT THE CUMBERLAND
AND WESTMORELAND AORICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

I COURT-

Yesterday waileffirg at a general wort of Commis-
sioners of Sewers.
Mr. WooLarnaaread letters teem several patients re-
lative le the basellial effects el tlis legaid manses. Aiseogst
others. ken Oelwasi CYtherss.Wads( that kis gr ies land to
will& She same had Ws applied pedseed upwards
at a lead asi sWt el bay per son ; sat ken Mr. Atli',
of Park Pon, Haswell, who dared list wbes the sewage
suave wee applied Ia the wine it wadi piques t►roe
Tustin of a load et hay per aria sere than the average
crap, and on wheat Wide it wadi recluse sae load of
straw and fully a quarter of wheat, red proliflo wheat, per
Me mom than the average crop.
Mr. Lesion stated that he had letters on the other
side, and salted epos the ffeentaty to read them
The Swart/ir then reed letters from Mr. Bake,
the celebrated egrisaltarist, of Wnttle, om r
Tramper, of the Wanes, Hanwell. Mr. Baker stated that
irs each Weep WOW to be b.neficial it would be necessary,
owing to its dasted character, to apply It is such large
quantities as to MOW it doubtful whether it amid ever be
applied with advsatage. The oast of carrying maser. would
he Is. per tos, and 16 toss were required icr one awe of
lard.

THE LATE CHAPLAIN OF COVENTRY GAOL.
We copy the subjoined documents from the
Coventry Herald and Observer.
TO THE IDITOZ OF THM COTENZT NZIALD AND OSSIZTER.
Sir,—You will, I preserve, favour me with the insertili of
the following medical certificate. The italics are Mr. Laxon's
own:
" I hereby certify that on the third day subsequent to the
alight injury inflicted on the late Mary Ball's hand, by the
flame of a candle (no evidence of mischief remaining), I di-
rected the covering to be removed from it.
° WILLIAM LAXON, M.D , Surgeon to the Gaol.
"Coventry, Aug. 21,1849."
There is an inaccuracy is the deposition of the chief wit-
nen where the singular is substituted for the plural number,
viz. "a hundred years" for "hundreds of years ;" and
also en important amisdoa. My wort were to this effect :
" What is this compared with the imam of hell, where your
whole frame will be in torments ter Misdeeds of years, if
you depart this life without making an acknowledgment of
your guilt ! RIMMED C
COPT OP •" Lorna FONWANID DT THE LATZ CHAPLAIN
OF OOTENAT GAOL TO Tall SHOILETAZT OP ITATP FOR
11111 BOND DIPLICINUINT.
" Aomori 10, 1849.
"Right Honourable Sir,—Although antacid notice hem
the visiting magistrates of Coventy Gaol, respecting my OW
pension from the duties of the cbaplalsey, and my WSW
quint realisation of the office, may have already reesited
you, I ban neveribelin thought it not inexpedient to
trouble you with a brief account of the circumstances which
led to such an unfortunate result. The condemned prisoner
Mary Ball (who was executed yesterday), i bad attended
privately for several weeks prior to her condemnation; and
from the time the sentence of death was pronounced over
her until the Saturday before her execution (i.e. for the
space of a week), I was unremitting in my exertions to pee.
pan her for the awful fate which awaited her. No paint 1
assure you, were spared on my part to awaken her mind to
a sense o, her condition. But I had to contend with an ob•
tam libelled, a l-thargio temperament, a moral sense ex-
ceedingly debased, and a conscience apparently benumbed
by long-costnoed babies of vice. The proofs of her guilt
hat been clearly established at her trial, but no acknow-
ledgment of it could I extort from her. On the con-
trary, her protestations and amertions of innocence were
repeatedly conveyed to me from her lips in the strongest
language that she had at her command. I trust that, as a
Christian gentleman, you will make every reasonable allow-
ate, for a clergymen anxious for the salvation of a human
soul, and in a state of perplexity how to secure it. On the
meriting of Saturday, Die 4th inst., I read and expl*ined to
her several parables of our blessed Lord whin inculcate
the umessity of repentance ; I also read to her the Gospel
account of the penitent thief, and eadearowed, from
them instances, and from other passages of Scripture, to
prove to her that remittance without coafessioo, or an nen
served acknowledgment of guilt, wee necessarily imperfect.
I then pointed out to her, as plainly. as I could, the dreadful
consequence of departing this life without having completed
the work of repentance, and reed to her some passages from
' a work of Jeremy Taylor, on the nature of eternal punish,.
meat in hell ore. Haring expatiated thereupon at some
length, I implored her, in the kindest and most malting sr
mots, sot to incur the macho( Oat by penistieg in the assn.
ties other inert:ones, and requested beet* kneeldowa without*
in prayer. After these religious exercises were finished, hail
manner seemed to be rather subdued, in spite of a litalf
sullenness which now and then betrayed itself, and an un-
willingness to be communicative. On revisiting her in the
aftersess, a thought struck me that an application to the
senses of a person who was inaccessible to reason might be
Minded with the desired result. I called for • lighted
enek, and requested her to give me her hand,. which she
unreristingly plead (or suffi red to be placed) in my own.
I then held it over the lighted candle, and asked her if
she suffered pain, to whin she made no reply, but
o;ndy began to struggle, but I instantly released her
This operation did not occupy more than two
smordo, or three at the most, during which she never
some aged out. I then 'squired of her if she would
vesture upon another trial, and proceeded to take
her bead for that purpose ; bat peregrine her die-
iselnatime, I did not persist is my attempt. Whereupon
I addremsd her in the following or similar wards:—' Do sot
=es that I have been influenced by asy feelings of
towards you in thus plena; your hem& over gm
eandle; I have done this to teach yon the value of year
loons cal soul. If you flinch from seek a trifling amount of
pain as this, which I have been inflicting upon you, how will
you endure the temente of an *teens' ere hereafter, whin\
will inevitably be your portion, unless you make an amide
confession of your guilt before yaw die? I regret very mush
to state that the hand of the unfortunate women was IP
blistered by the flame but two days before she suffered
received intelligence of its entire ..emery, and that she
had almost forgotten the circumstance. Perhaps it may
not be unimportant to mention that she subsequently con-
fessed her crime, and admitted the Indite of bet sentence.
I have thus endeavoured to give you es clear a statement
as passible of the transaction whin occasioned my napes-
Dion. The possibility of the other prisoners entertaining a
prejudice enlist me, on their coming to a knowledge of this
circumstance, has doubtless lammed the decision of the
magistrates ; and this consideration will, perhaps, walnut
for the apparent harshness of their resolution. Erroneous
sad exaggerated reports relative to this ridiculous affair have
been circulated, some of them too ridiculous to be credited
by any person of intelligence. I have, therefore, thought it
advisable to write to you myself upon the subject, not for-
getting to mention that, by the advice of my friends. I have
forwarded my resignation of the chaplaincy to the chairman
of the Quarter Bemions.—l am, sir, your Oodlest servant,
I
still " a. Cummx."

MUSIC.

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY ETENING, AUGUST 31, 1849.

being tarried about the forecastle by Mr. Brake, the wrist-
ast-eurgese, and *sally seing taken down to the galley fire
after he had bees esrubbed P—l do not remember the per
sand appearance of the boy Sanger, neither did I see him
strabhed er carried by Mr. Brake, bat that he was scrubbed
late laail 1 amoonfithat of, and I saw Mr. Brake holding
him babes the fire to revive him.
Oepatin Mamioughall—How were you osefident that be
wee INTAilledi ? Woman it was so public throughout the
ablipae4lllo4 Is you consider was the cause of so many men
mak, Him dos ship at Hobart Town ? The cruelty of
treatment Ili beard. I remember a seaman of the name of
Jam Milos Imlag :7*Q. It is enured in the log thus:
..,,,s, trim, via chweir. ma. paniniz! John Maclean, ordi-
aZ^. seaman, odllt a issbm for being dirt' :....diTisi°4•"
What te Pulf Irides at Commander Pitmen's trei;:etelli
of his p's marpony &dog bre voyage from the Cape of
China ?ski I believe it wee eery met in Tory severe and very
sinneossigery puniehmeats.
The President: Wes Commander Pitman on deck at the
time when White jumped overboard P—To the best of my
recollectelass, yes.—Did yogi hear any of the officers or the
ship's cesspool make any remark upon that emeasion ate at
time P-1 remember perfectly he bun talked publicly in
the skip; bat I cannot name any person saying that he
jumped overboard in consequessee of Commander Pitman
having told him that he would give him four doses. I re-
member having heard Bayley and Bright say the sense
thing. It was a thing that was publicly known, and spoken
of publicly, but I don't know that any one in particular ad-
dressed to me en the occasion.
Sir T. Maitland: Was marine Haig kept primmer on
deck seven days after he was punished on the grating, with-
out any shelter from the weather? Was there anything over
hien ?—I cannot remember the number of days. I said
several days—four or hve. Did the man get wet, and will
you sweet that be was wet by the sea or rain ? Yes, I
swear he was; it was impossible for any one to be on deck
without being so. Was he kept in irons?—No. Was he
kept prisoner by night as well as by day during those four
or flee five days ?—I believe so. I do not recollect. It is
my firm belief that he was. You stated that it was your
opinion that the conduct of Commander Fiume wee very cruel.
State any one particular act of cruelty that you actually saw.
Describe the cruelty ?—I consider this very act enough
which I have just given in evidence. I have seen boss taken
into the head several times by the sergeant to be scrubbed. I
cannot say that I remember having seen the scrubbing brash. I
saw the boy named Banger held before the fire.—Was the
weather cold at that time ? The weather is marked in the
log, and the thermometer ranged from 60 to 63, meetly to.
wards 60. Tae weather was variable, average about 4.
You have stated that White sppeared at quarters with his
clothes dirty, and not properly mended. Was there any
reasonable excuse for his not being clean ? In consequence
of the state of the weather, sometimes in small vessels men
are not &bat to keep clean ? Yes. To make that passage
we had gone a long way to the southward. We bad got
lato bad weather, and during almost the whole of that time
the vessel was battened down.—Were the rest of the crew
clean ? Ido not consider that any of them were cleaner
than himself.
Captain Wellesley—By whom was the complaint made of
Waite being dirty ? I coasider it was by Lieut. Boys.—
Was the punishment of scrubbing boys ordered by the first
lieutenant or by the commander ? By the commander.
Captain Johnstone—Did the marine give any armee
when the commander said he would give him four dozen,
or forty-eight lathes ; did he asks any remark, or give any
answer ? 1 did not hear him. It is my belief that he did
not.—lt being now six o'clock, the prisoner requested that
the case iniglA be adjourned previous to his entering upon
this witness'eczoseexamiastion, as he (Commander Pitman)
had lately been suffering from illness. The court was there-
fore adjourned.
SECOND DAT, AVOCET 29.
The Court resumed its sittings this morning at nine
o'clock.
Mr. Elliott was cross-examiaed by the prisoner—lie said
he entered the service in January, 1839, and joined the
Childers in August, 1846. He declined to say whether he
was, or was not, frequently reported for neglect of duty.
Denied that he was aware that Haigh had committed any
offence, before bring flogged, except stealing candles, and i x•
pressed his belief that he was kept on deck, day and night,
for several days. Was not aware that the man was
reported the day after his punishment for another
offence. Did not know that he was plaoed in irons
on that day. Never heard until now that Haigh
was reported for mutinous conduct, in having attempted
to strike the non-commissioned officers, when ordered aft
for stealing. Had beard that Haigh broke into the officer.'
wine cellar at Portsmouth, and got so drunk that he tell
into a dry dock and severely injured himself. Had heard
his insanity ascribed to that accident. Did not believe
White could have fallen overboard. Never beard any one ,
doubt his having drowned himself. He had been heard to
threaten that he would do so. There was no inquiry made
on the man's act of jumping overboard. lie persisted in that
answer. He had in other ships witnessed the scrub-
bing of boys. He was not aware that the circumstance re-
lated about the boy Sanger never came to the knowledge of
Cons. Pitman until yesterday. He believed it
was the commander who ordered the two boys
to be scrubbed on the head. Had never heard of
any other officer doing so. He could not say bow many men
ran from the Childers whilst lying off Hobart Town, but
he thought about 20, and he believed the cause of their leav-
ing was the cruel treatment of the commander. lie knew
that some men were entered at Hobart Town who bad b'-
longed to merchant vessels. Never heard that the high
wages offered by the whalers was the cause of the men's run-
, ring from the Childers. They were lying at Hobart Town
about a fortnight or three weeks. lie had no recollection'
that a man called Allen was brought on board the
vessel at Hobart Town under the lufluenee of some
medical drug, nor did he recollect that intercession was
made by the officers of the gun-room that the offence of
Allen's getting drunk should be overlooked ; and, if such an
intercession had been made, ke did not believe, from Com-
mander Pitman's conduct, he would ham overlooked so
grave an offence.
To what conduct do you refer i—The oases of John Haigh,
the boys Cleverton and Sanger, the two men Gillmor and
Pitts, who died in China, the midshipman Store, who com-
mitted suicide—these are all instances of cruelty which he
at present recollected on the part of the commander. They
were all cases of decided cruelty.
The cross-examination was continued throughout the sit-
ting of the court. At five o'clock the court adjourned until
next morning. The inquiry is likely to lest several days