The Express.
London, England, 1853-09-30 00:00:00

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TO CORRESPONDENTS.
A Amend ? :Aloft of 'T... Es,. Ida •he • tr• ev.
"fiatette," le pub:tatted eve"' lot. tai sal It AI., lett, .11 %fur
foe pmt.
Athrtrt ve sonata lotto led for flat Lootem," !polite EttatAif
moot be at the Oflke, 10, Wove:l...Anti, 0; I'w es tlve
Jay pubJestioe.

HIRE WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Ton Daa—llovalag, Oh. a•... At:moon, -•
fi►roWv—YaeHag, Ih. Slos Aftenoos, 111. 11 as.

LO.VDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER ;:n.

It seems hardy necessary to inform our readers
that the present great and rapid rise in the price of
Corn is a so-called "speculative rise." With the
harvest scarcely gathered in, there can be no actual
present want; but comparing the yield of the har-
vest with the weekly, monthly, and annual con-
sumption, it is ascertained that there will be a
deficiency before the next harvest. The present
rise in price, there ire, is the result of prudent fore-
thought, which cheeks consumption at once, invites
larger supplies. and helps to eke out the
deficient crops till another season comes round.
The corn merchants do not contemplate such bene-
ficial results; they only foresee the comparative scar-
city, and buy corn now, or send out orders to buy it,
that they may hereafter make a profit on the sale.
Their commercial speculations, however, arc guided
to the general welfare, and the policy that would
interfere with them, whether dictated by the rude
ignorance of mobs,—waylaying forestallers and
registers,—or the equally rude ignorance of Em-
perors enforcing on nations their short-sighted views
by armed soldiery, is alike to be deprecated as a violent
interference with the wise and beneficent course of
nature. While we remind our readers that the present
price is aspeculative one, we do it therefore merely to
state a fact, and neither to direct popular indignation
against corn merchants, nor took Government to in
terfere with their useful business. At the same time
the fact shows that in judging dour future prospects
we must consider not only the produce of the liar-
Test, but the rate of consumption and the degree to
which it may be lessened without serious injury.
One of the advantages of the Free Trade sys-
tem has been a great and a continuous rise in
wages. Not only each individual labourer has been
better paid, but more labourers have been employed,
as the diminution of able-bodied paupers year after
year testifies; and a very largely increased proportion
of the annual produce of industry has accordingly
gone into the possession of the labouring classes.
They are all a great deal better off than they were.
They are no longer, like the Irish of 1846 and like
the bulk of the peasantry in France and the south of
Germany, restricted to the very smallest measure
of subsistence. They do not live on a barely suffi-
cient quantity of lumpers or black rye bread. The
greatly increased consumption of the last 3 or 4 years
assures us that the maas of the people can spare
something, and not die of starvation. Their present
condition is much superior to their condition in 1816
and 1847, the last time they were overtaken by
scarcity. Then, the bulk of the people, though
some were momentarily and extravagantly prospe.
roe•, were living on the lowest measure of subsist-
ence, and thousands of them in Ireland did actually
die when the potato crop failed. Then, too, the
speculative price of wheat rose to 102 s. 5d.; then
that rise was followed by a sudden fall, and the
corn merchants were almost wholly ruined. Now
there is a great probability that consumption will
be speedily checked, without causing much injury, and
prices will not rise so high as in 1847, nor after-
wards fall so low as in that year, to the ruin of the
speculators. For them to act on . the supposition
that the present great consumption will continue
unabated, and endeavour accordingly to get up the
price, is advantageous to the public. It will ensure
greater supplies in the end, and check consumption
earlier, and by both means tend to save the public
from the terrible sufferings of a dearth. To form a
careful opinion of the future we must take into con-
sideration the actual quantity of wheat at our com-
mand, and the rate of the consumption.
In the first eight months of the year the wheat and
flour imported have amounted to 3,915,034 qrs., or,
on the average, 489,379 qrs. per month ; and at the
same rate we should require in the year 5,872,5.52
qrs., for the whole of what has been imported has
gone at once into consumption. But we have im-
ported nearly as much with average harvests ; and
assuming that our own yearly growth amounts to
15.000,000 qrs. of wheat—an outside estimate—
and that the present harvest is one-fourth short,
or 3,750,000 qrs. of an average, we shall require,
supposing the consumption to continue at the
same rate, 9,600,000 qrs. of wheat. But the con-
sumption will almost immediately be slowly and
gradually checked, and though our importers will
most likely calculate on a scale of that kind, we
shall not actually need so much. In the manufac-
turing districts the disputes between the workmen
and the masters, and the suspension of work, are now
lessening the command of the people over the neces-
saries of life. We may be certain, therefore, that
consumption will not continue at its present enor-
mous rate, and that the quantity stated will be more
than we shall need.

Supposing, however, that we require 9,600,000 qn.,
shall we get so much ? For the last four years we have
imported annually, on the average, 5,000,000 qrs.,
but a large portion of that supply came from France,
some of it from Italy, and acme from Egypt, which
have now forbidden exportation, or require to im-
port and seek supplies in the same markets where
we seek them. We may strike off 2,000,000 qrs. as
t►e quantity we have latterly derived from France.
Italy, and Egypt. There remains, as the principal
sources to which we have to look, the Mediterranean
and the Black Sea, the ports of the Baltic and
America.

From Odessa only, in the course of the last five
years, we have imported on an average 600,000
quarters of wheat. In that period, however, the
average pries has been a little more than 43e.;
and in 1847, under the pressure of high prices,
Odessa sent us threefold more than the average of
the three preceding years. We infer, therefore, that
under the influence of our present high prices,
Odessa will be able to export at least twice
as much as the average of the last five years,,
or 1,200,000 quarters. The harvest of the countries of
which it is the port is said to be plentiful, and admitting
that a portion of its supplies will be required for
other countries, we cannot estimate the quantity
we may receive from it at less than 800,000
quarters, or more probably 1,000,000 quarters. In-
cluding Odessa, there came to us from the Black Sea
and the Mediterranean, in 1850 (when prices were
Low, and those countries were not so wed prepared
as now to supply us) 1,200,000 quarters of sheet:
and it is highly probable, with high prices.
we shall now get at least 2,000,000 quarters. Front
the countries on the Baltic and the North Sea,
accustomed to grow wheat for us, their people being
in general too poor to consume it, we received on
the average, 1849-51, 1,800,000 quarters per year;
we may, therefore, securely calculate on now getting,
with our enhanced prices, 2,000,000 gum :cm Thus,
from these two sources, the Mediterranean, including
the Black Sea, and the ports on the North Sea and
the Baltic, we may procure 1,000,000 quarters, nearly
one halt or what we shall need.

Fr nn all other plac,s, except Ameet.s. we may
calculate on getting 600,000 quarters : and then

comes the question, can America send us .5,080,000
quarters? Official accounts inform us that Canada pro-
duced, in 1831, 12,6U2,852 bushels o f ht at,or 1,586,606
quarters, and that its produce was quadrupling in
ten years. We may, therefore, assume its produce in
183 to be, at least, I-4,4;40,000 bogie's. Actually, in
1832, Canada exported 5,196,09,s bushels. It is ready
now, according to the latest accounts, to send forward
from four to five million bushels. The United Stales
Economist, a high authority in such matters, showed,
in an elaborate article on the 10th instant, that the
official Census of the States gives an under-estimate
of the growth of wheat there ; and taking into
account the very rapid increase in cultivation, and
the great facilities of transport which now exist, that
journal expresses itself very confidently that America,
including Canada, the produce of which n ill come
through New York, will supply us with as much as
we require. The produce of Canada and of the States
cannot be estimated together at less than 130,000,000
bushels of wheat, or 16,250,000 quarters. Both
having a great abundance of other cereals and pulse
to fall back on will be able to spare foreign coun-
tries more than the half of the 16,000,000 qrs.,
and of them we shall be able to procure 6,ooo,oolPqrs.
with no other difficulty than may attend the trans-
port across the ocean of such a large quantity of
corn. From all these sources we may rely on getting
as much as we want and can pay for.
We have put down our probable wants at
an extreme figure, and we have not pat
down at an extreme figure the possible
supplies which hiyh priers will surely briny
us. At the same time, freights are likely to
be excessively high, and we shall have to pay a
high price for our supplies. That will and ought to
check consumption. The failure of the harvest in
various parts of Europo tells us unanswerably that
on the whole less has been produced than is ade-
quate to supply the late and present rate of con-
sumption, and we insist again that general economy
and retrenchment is now become for all an impera-
tive duty.

LATEST FROM THE CONTIN ENT.

-

FRANCE.
PARIS, THURSDAY EVININO.

The Threes have to-day improved 30 cents; the
Four•and-a-Halt per Cents. are unchanged. Closing
Prices: Three per Cent. Bente*, 73f.; ditto Four-and-
a•Half per Cents., 100 f. 60e. Bank Shares, 2,8001.

RUSSIA.
ODESSA, SEPT. 13.

Owing to the incessant arrivals of wheat in im.
manse quantities from the interior, prices have gone
down very considerably. The magazines do not
suffice to contain the supplies.
Prince Menchikoff held a grand review of the
fleet a few days ago. It numbers fifty vessels, reckon-
ing all above the size of a gun-boat. A number of
Greek sailors have been enrolled.

The army corps of General Lnders has received
considerable reinforcements. Very many regiments
arc cantoned on the Dniester, and Bessarabia swarms
with troops.
The cholera has broken out in a very decided
manner, and makes numerous victims. A five days.
quarantine has been established.
Several armed schooners and gun-boats are coming
from Sebastopol to take up a position on the Danube.
A new levy of the Don Cossacks is announced.

BRODY, SIFT. 18.

The reeVuitment which is in course of execution
in the neighbouring (southern) provinces of Russia
was never carried out so rigorously es at present.
Instead of seven, the rate is now ten mer. in a thou-
sand. Parents are held responsible for the Sight of
their sons.

GERMANY.
VIENNA, Sari.. 25.
The Czar and his suite arrived last evening at
Olmutz, to which city the Vienna conference has
also betaken itself. Lord Westmoreland went on
the 23rd, and dined on the same day with the Em
peror.

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Sprr.l9.

The rejection of the amended note by Russia is
known. The expected crisis has not occurred, and
the cabinet remains without modification. No an-

nouncement respecting the course to be next adopted
by the government has been made.
On the 16th, the Sultan presided over a cabinet
council, attended exclusively by the Grand Vizier
Reachid Pacha, Mehemet Ali Pacha, and.the Sheikh-
td-Islam.

BUCHAREST, SEPT. 14.
It appears that hitherto Prince Gortschakoff has
received no orders to concentrate his troops for the
much talked of evacuation of this territory. Oa the
contrary, for the last few days fresh troops have been
pouring in from Braila, and are hence marched on
to Krajova. Measures are taken which leave no
doubt that our northern guests mean to winter with
us. On the 11th instant the fete of the hereditary
Grand Duke Russia was celebrated with much pomp
in the Seriodar Church. Prince Stirbey and a great
number of Boyars were present. Prince Stirbey
hus imprisoned two young Boyars in a monastery of
Snargov for quarreling with a Russian officer. The
Russian soldiers are deserting in great numbers, but
most of the fugitives are captured, as the line of the
Danube is strongly guarded. Most of them expiate
the offence by death. Some of the officers have been
shot as a measure of discipline, and the interces-
sions of the most influential persona prove of no
avail.

DENMARK.
COPENHAGEN, Bm. 23.

The cholera has entirely disappeared from this
city. Neither deaths nor new cases have been re-
ported for two days.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.
-.
We mid in the Conatitutionnel :—" There are in the
note of the Moniteur some omissions which we are
able to till up from our letters from Constantinople
of the 15th. In the night of Saturday 10th inst.,
M. de Lacour, oar ambassador, sent the Ajaccio to
Batiks, with 3d. Benedetti, first secretary of embassy,
Ito request the two admirals to send up some large
Ivessels to Constantinople, and on the 13th and 14th
two English steam frigates, the Niger and the Tiger,
and two French, the 3f Imelor and the Gomer, arrived.
Oa board the last named vessel was Rear Admiral
, Lebarbier de Timm, who then had under his orders
in addition to the above named frigates six other stem-
I mere, the Retribution, the corvette Fury, and the Ca-
radoe, for the English ; and the Sane, the Chaptal and
the Ajaccio, for the Freneh ; in all six frigates, two cor-
vettes and two steamers of smaller force without
reckoning the Friedlar d, the repairs of which will
be womplet«l before the end of the month. As to the
motives w'tich may have led to this display of force
our correspondent has more difficulty iu explaining
them, considering that it was for the religious cere-
mony of the 13th, that uneasiness was felt, and that
that ceremony was our on the very day when the
first vessels arrived from Besika. The Porte had
besides taken every proper precaution to secure the
safety of the Sultan, who was to show himself in the
midst of the prom.sion of the Bairam. All the
troops in the neighbourhood of Constantinople were
brought nearer to the capital, and nothing happened
to justify the fears which might have been entertained.
To sum up, in spite of a certain degree of agitation on
the I•ith, the Divan had never ceased to be master
of the situation at Constantinople, and it was able
at fur. liberty to judge c f the diplomatic communi-