The Express.
London, England, 1856-09-05 00:00:00

4
NI
AUSTRALIA. NI
Nc
()moll 00$ OWN 0011.11•POND1131?) am
MILBOUREE, Jona 9. th;
I briefly meationed ia my het the arrival hire of l
the deem ship Royal Mann, As *run of eddy IR em
dasays hem Ptymmeth. She Wt. so liss retorts= se
the 2/th oln. with
laslosd in a still sheetssway
el
el dim Italie r
albeeld de so, we nay then reasonably anelaie lid pm
theyend= of regular sad rapid steam sommeeles- bat
the hawse these colonies sad Romps hes bees est
solved, that the mean by which this hithmes eggs the
sally unattainable boon may be secured to es hue be
been diseoveeed, and that the difficulties Ohl have elk
detested every previous attempt have bum ellognally the
werecear. Besse of oar more sanguine "Massa. I
eider her voyage out as a settlement of this gess- (an
ekes; bat the experience of the last her years of
Sines me to spend my judgment until the se- rail
"apt of intelligence of her performance rood the pla
Nen. dm
Oar hopes of the early resumption of the overland pal
sail have been materially strengthened within the son
lest few dsys by intelligence of the doings of Mr. eta'
Woodworth. Uales " Billy," as he is familiarly PI
galled in thus colonies, should lose his way in the not
Cfircamlocation Office, we feel snored that his prover-
Mal intelligence and energy will force the question to ~dart,
an line, and that's all we want ; for, low as is oar aim
opinion of the imperial executive, we nevertheless 401,
believe that the only decision they can come to eer
Will be favourable to our claims and regal:smuts. bo
Many of your readers will doubtless remember the "awe
',Minute on the Progress and Commerce et the elle
Colony," enducing its earlier years as the setae- ma
sent of Port Philip, and tracing more particularly its tu.,
easitinenial career to the sod of the year 1862, which r„
ear respected and laborious felloscolonist, Mr. W. )
Westgartb, published in the early part of 1863. To dis
the vain, of this minute abundant testimony has been as
offered from various sources and in various ways; rti
not the least striking of which is the feat that the
Wand: compilers of the new edition of the Racy- ;,;:a
doped's, Britannia have adopted in their article on 10,
6, Australia* a good portion of its contents. The
English public will, therefore, I believe, be glad to tw
hese that he has just issued a continuation of this re.
ntinuie, bringing up the information ezd statistics an,
which it contained to the close of the first quarter of tin
the present year. I had intended analysing this kit
new issue, and thus present' to your readers up
some of the marked results which have characterised ho
the very eventful (to us at lent) period to which it do
refers, but I find it impossible to do it justice within as
the limits of my letter, especially as there are so no
luny other interesting topic's which have almost an et
equal claim on my attention. I forward you a th
eopy in the hope add belief that you will deal hi
with it as it deserves. cc
Oar latest English news is to the 10th March. At ra
that date there appeared some prospect of the tend- mot
sans of the war—a prospect which, I can assure to
yea, has afforded as eonelderable satisfeeffee, ye
beams we believe, if the war were at an end, that p
we should be able to attract to our shores seine R
thousands of your population. We want and mast is
have immigration—donzipation numbered not by co
tens and hundreds, bat by thousands and tel
teas of thousands, as is 1852 and 1853. We th
do not, however, want immigrants of the kind of I
which a large proportion of the arrivals of those nu
pan consisted, clerks, shoran, small traders, spend- cc
thrifts, et hoe gouts muss. We want a full and eh
regular sunply of the bone and sinew which are in. If
&epsomite." to the execution of public works, and li.
without which it is impossible we can progress in in
anything like the ratio of oar reqairements or oar of
suss. Po
I have said that we must have immigration of the pl
kind and in the numbers indicated above. Exception th
nosy be taken to the distinctness and rigour of this wi
assertion, and I should not be surprised to hear from
you that it had been flatly contradicted by some of th
the disappointed, faint-hearted ones who left here do
twelvemonths ago. Lest this should lawn, and co
I should not be in Ragland to defend my palliest, to
I beg to furnish you with a portion of the pi
means which an at hand to enable you to do so for ti
se. lb
1 num you are aware that about this time last et
year, partly because of an adverse vote of no
the Council, and partly bonus of an is-
premien of our insolvency consequent epos P
the confusion into which our governmeot seconds at
had been brought by extravagance sad incapacity, ft
an almost total cessation of public works was adored al
by oar late Governor. Thence nue a cry of &Mita- al
Eon, a cry which, however unfounded and disgraceful tt
to our meltreltance, no doubt reached England, and d
has had its infieesee upon those who would otherwise ci
have been disposed to einicatd. Months erg,, I be. E
lave 1 told you that this alleged destitution sieaded it
era fullest than among those who would have been 0
equally destitute, if dot more so, if they had bees is •
England. These more especially, nay almost entirely, e
so of females, wives with families, who bad a
been left by their husbands while they tried their n
lack at the diggings, and male immigrants, more or 4
loal newly arrived, who found it difficult, as most do, n
to diabase their minds of their English ideas of the f
celosy, and est to work at something which, if it were i
not what they bad been accustomed to do, at all I
events had the merit of being something which i
we wanted dose. This is a golden idea. If c
immigrants would had here thoroughly de- c
termised to keep it shadily before them for, say,
a neple of years, we should hear no more of intim- I
time, nor should we sues anyone in that most dopier- I
• obis of all ecadidons—a state of idleness. I
To repeat : this time last year we were supposed I
to be en the verge of insolvesey, and nearly all
pablie works were stopped. Now, we have a meg- '
Bind balsa.* to the credit of our government of
abut 800,000 L, se nearly am pooßible equal to oar '
third of our total yearly expo/Altar,. i
This, however, only proves that we have the means '
this year of doing that which we re Ailed to do list
year. Has the government also the iodination I'
Are they willing to proceed with public works to the
extent of our requirements or oir cash P The sub.
lamed table, besides affording other interesting in-
lice, will sallefactorily answer then questions:
VICTORIA.
Expleasarry Abet/set of the Expenditure of the Govern-
Meat. as estimated aud voted rterenvitly Le the
oadroositlosia Services an, the year 1066 :
Ammo Ealsoftd.
Coatis ; .
fn
elainln ; PlaChOL 14. %Oa.
- - •=.....
ZOOM of Leiliatare lOO 11 610 1. Weeksi '
lku4•11.0 Imparlonl4. 44.11111 ig . .. Ks/
dewier 7 . 1 .. 11 I.***
Aw
moo !
4.= 0 .. 104100
.ere ift;o;iri ' ' :..: . its itgag t 43."2 !.4,3 1
MAIO 111 WOO 0
ale itiOii amnia- .. 311.040 14
6.1,111 I ads 14 .. 1:4466 le
4110119"Thiate 6:1:1:21N014004 1744116 1:
W.
0 67.71tCe in)"
mem mod !sawn
..---..
ININNIto . 134000 0 0 .. 131000
Gni 4...il
:. ONO 0 MAIO 0 14 on I
r.iss 0 5.030 0 101040 11494 0
11070 1. MN 0 .. 37.430 0
4■044418 mid 3=lo
sod Vold laattances
004 Nonlc4pdlOo•
• . .. ; n $4l 0
Anemia YOWL
Cumuli Woad,
Banda meta as Toni.
fi=l44loatore te, L Jo ii
.!!! Z,co li 1
11000c10.400.
M Jaime 76.740 110.410 0 14.40 0
Estr"C•Oose O.ILS Leo t• .. 0'414 et
10ad...,...... IN& 1.00) 01 .. 149144 0
lON
10
nun 11
40001,1
.iiie,....
:: rt NZ t:3430 11 411.00) 442
tam
use
rua
Eatabm....... nIIWO 0 .. tlo'4lo 014
man gin 1 41.X0 H. '.. men II
WW/ortaad Naval ........ 40,140 II 40001 C .. 147.610 10
ronliaTrr arortrila....... 16"
0 at: 6 %At 6644011. 0
3 Imam ................ .--777 .. 113•,000 0
11•11_1
VA S ITO 141500 1/0:7013 0
Imaj= D.= non • man ot .. 40,111 0
anumby 014 as_
sal Nr4 I•4lleliait•
1.1 IMidellaitin
1114ollmoo0110,4.••• ,

It will hum tbst wetly thrsevartan of a
iillios las bees voted for yabl4 - ks sod build-
_
T•

ratiageasies for porta and harbors, pat eolia=l
✓ata llkiise naval tad .12=111
Not las, than a= h N
desire of the council and the gernairt to spend
this swag the
Betyew are they shit wseking
Ile sparsh eer
it f No. More than
one hell of the matresb whisk bays already been
merrier have bees withdraw, berme, fa raw
of the risky of labour, sad the gradual rho
traps whisk has been piss an foe sere months
tendenneesind were forty, fifty, dxV, one
bsaissdcent. higher than the work had been
entionsten east. Not more than half a milli= will
*mars be expended this parr paha; works. Is
it is impossible we can epee* r with the
*Mhetast regard to the interests of thema
ology tad for
Mt moon which I have already period sat.
Having short that there b plenty of work to do
M madam be Worm that Ilse* only spoken
of ruble wades,. oriArlag reihneast to the thres
reffways now esnoseasheil, and them contem-
plated, to private aid ageisniteral opera-
does), and that we have an ahnadanes of sooty to
pay for it, but that we Gannet do it because of the
scarcity of labour, yea will she be reprised at the
statement I birdseed, mad that traps have been
partly rising he maths pd, and that they an
now as follows:
With ratter —Moeda treks, wither bruises, treat
761 to 901. spserr ream ; der with Ihmilies, WM Mi.
ditto ; gasdaaad, OW. WOOL ditto ; per., 40116 M
ditto ; OW. Se MI. Moms shoplossils. 211. to
401. Me ; MIL se > mem ; peer feria
awards, 11. fe parr ; dmddisinori Amis. Is. per
baste/; hayeag, 9s.psemi hensmosm on the
read, re. per weak; atm en mellento gin Mae; ars
term TOL se OIL par arum; Irate alio SOL
idler esnenet, Mi. is PK MID ; _ hems-
mg% IW. es 1111 p; laseerrem 111. mirrm
sesesmaids, 111. es ans. Thu Mowing an
the mendsre wooldlysdlono : 12 lbs. beet or onittsm 101 be.
eser.2lbo. mar, lb. tea.
Without ransam—Cosapenton, ls. 4d. per thousand;
dine by the week, 41.4 e. ; proems% 41. 40. to 41.10. Miss
mogenters, 11.. to Hs. per day ; masees, 141. to Ills. Mtn
lte to 100. ditto ; brieldayon, 14e. so Ida. erne;
' 160. ditto; quarrymen, 10.. to 12s. dine;
inshilkoets and (omen, 61. to 7.. per tot; fonds( by the
▪ andscial to split raly. 6..; labourer. ore *Mends,,. to
14. day water, and twits lewd.
will you be surprised to learn that, about
bee months ago, the masons determined to procure a
seduation is the hours of labour. I believe the =tee-
med originated with them, because they knew that
their labour was more in must than any other
kind, and realise, from the nature of the materials
ages which they are prinoipak rapleaede the nee
beers of labour in our semi.testral Waste are un-
dertrly very trying. But, be the taw what it
may, it is curtain that the menses were the origi-
nators of the tight house saaresent, that nearly
emery other denniption of methods@ his followed
Ihnir emarapia, and it is atter that all have
blemgibelb he, with wookkieturpies.the
gave way, sad amorited le pry the same
larteljegewsges for eight hours' work as they hod Ise-
wily paid for teo. To or who has buss assns.
tented to oversee large numbers of wears kw years
pet, as I have, although now in another pukka, the
present state of things &yrs.& vary reseal ewer
However rejoiced I may be to set working men as
independent (and I am rejoiced), I can seansly re-
cemede myself to the change. I find it a hard mat-
ter to teener the propriety of men stopping work for
the day at four o'clock. Bat ao it is; and to, as far es
I can torts an opinion, it is likely to continue for
many yetis to come. For, even if we were to re•
rive immigrants at the rate I have described, we
should not thereby materially redoes wages.
If our fend of employment wen fixed, and of
limited extent, that would be the result of s large
immigratioe ; but as it is, with an unlimited extent
of employment, with our labour requirements ex.
pandiog more rapidly than we an likely to be sap
plied with labourers, it appears to me certain that
the present or only a slightly reduced scale of wages
will prevail for years to ern.
To celebrate their aucesestal movement in abridging
the hours of labour, the working daises held, a few
days ago, a monster fete at Cremes* Girdens, our
colonial Vauxhall. The profits are to be handed over
to the hospital, but as there is a dispute between the
proprietor of the gardens and the coentnittet of opera
tins, which is to be taken into a court of law, I fear
the oat proceeds of the isetimill will be spa& tdeoed
even if the lawyers do not render them lees than
nothing.
Bet I shall be rhea, perhape,what is the as of em-
ployment at high rates of wages, if them higher rates
are iceofileirt to proems us equal entoeut of tom-
fort to that which can be obtained in England from
an expenditure of ceitthird or one-half the
amount 11 To which I reply that, supposing
this were to, it would not, or should not,
dater the elms of men whom we want from
coming hire as early ea possible. For if A gets in
England two prim week, and spends half of it
in =airily* lir elf, and B receives in Victoria
imer pew* gee! Wok. mad has to expend twice as
mar at •1m ertenerm be is still able to IMO two
posh per week, while A only MSS or. Bat it it
▪ he shows, se it can eras ly be, that the yelps of
rosy mechades are ben, five, six, seism, even
sight pounds per reek, end that MA can
now live hen almost r drapy mei oar
ihrtably as in Begird, it Saws OW the
position of the machaule 4 Enghmileimise Or most
favourable cirenmorra‘ is not to be ermared foe
moment to that Wiihk be can attaining,. With
ordinary labourers it is nearly the, Oro. I have
sae at work for tee at the port time
lita4kl had some Mirky in metes him),
gup some aew ~lir it SWIM Whim
been three were trno sad refesnag 1101 yea
by thirty ; and pat be bas given me
although I give him len shillings a day, Iheady
works trots seven chink till five, with an hour for
Issakfast sad the name time for diner.
Mr views Sr. borne out most remarkably by M.
We term with which I have been favoured by the
Miners of Savings Banks, bat which I think
k istmernery to transmit in detail. I Sr that
daring the tan months siding the 30th April last the
Amber of depositors had wormed from 2,601 to
0.34* or about 34 per cent.; and the mown of de-
posits from 173,0901. to 220081., or nearly 27t per
sent. At the head ace in Melbourne, the sum-
her of amours at the date just mentioned was
1,739, tad the amount to the credit of those accounts
194,271!. 3s. 3d. It will thus be seen that Melbourne
faro:dee the greater portion of the depositors, sad
within 26,000 i. of the total amount deposited. This
may be partly accounted for by the hot that until
lately, with the random of throng, branch banks
were sot open at Portland, Belfast, Sandhurst, or
Ballarat. Bat the principal reason of this preponder-
ance in the amount of deposits to the credit of the
working classes of Melbourne is undoubtedly to be
found in the better pcsition which they occupy as
compared with those of any other locality in this
colony—not that I would wan you to understand
the whole of the deposits in the Melbourne Bank
belong to ~,dente in that city. My argument
doss not require that I timid prove that. It le
albite foe me to state that I knew the
eirremetanero of the working classes in sad aroma
lielbouree intimately, and that I know they are as
well ales these returns indicate them to ha.
Four ships arrived during last week with govern.
meat immigrants--the Earl Grey, Fairlis, Arthur
the Great, and Ocean bloaarcb. The report of the
fibre register remarks that "the whole of these I
arrivals will be immediately engaged at fall rates.*
The latter vessel is in quarantine. Sixteen deaths
have occurred since she left Rho, when she called for
Nrina'a formes lathe I spoke of Chinese Immigrstios,
and the am which presumedly excludes them hem or
harbours. It dots not, however, deter them from
reaching our geld Adds. They now arrive
Adelaide being the port dermal. wrote they And I
their way overload, or re-ripping themselves to •
suer the diggings, still within the airy it
=
Australia, retch the goal of their ambition in
that way. I learn from the Adelaide liaises of the
ISIS sit. that the following list of ships were
ile arrive tree with Celestials from Chios ma=
yer which Militates an treat of Chinas imaiipm,
Mr such as may be considered the natural ever
of the return to Chinese ports of hit* Warrirof somemful miters:—From
470 tom; Curran= Salt, 719 tor ;
t; Barra Eliserth, 600 teass.Gented
Jacobs'' 492 '