The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-21 00:00:00

THE LATE PASHA OF EGYPT.

We yesterday announced the death of his Highness
Mehemet Ali niche, at Alexandria, on the tad instant. We
new present • sketch of his life:
MaMewl Ali, who had reached his eightieth year, was
beta hi the town of Cavallo in Roumelia, the ancient Made-
dada He first commenced life as a tobacconist in his native
town, bat afterwards volunteered into the army ' where he
ems obtelaed.high favour with the Governor of Cavallo by
his assisteses in quelling a rebellion, and on the death of his
corammadieg Wiest he was appointed to fumed him, and
married hie widow.
In the efforts for the eipul.ion of the French from Egypt,
Mehemet All distinguished himself by his conduct and
valour, and he rapidly rose in rank. Altar the evacuation of
Egypt by the French, in September, 1801, the Sultan
appointed Mohammed K Carew Viceroy of Egypt, at which
time the Mamelukes were actively engaged in en-
deavouricg. to recover their ascendancy, and the
two principal Maraduke Heys, Osman /3ardiuy and
Mohammed illy, came to an engagement with the
Turkish army and defeated P. Mehemet Alt, with
his troop of Athenians, was under the orders of Kkoorshid
Pasha but, took no part in the beds. Tae Turkish general
irritated at hie defeat, complained of Mehemet Ali to Khoo-
raw, who summoned him to his presence ; he refined to
attend, sad took edvantage of an insurrection which then
occurred among the Albanian troops to join the Matheluk.•
under Oman Bardiasy. In 1803 he attacked Khoerew at
Damietta, and brought him prisoner to Cairo. The Porte
then sent to Egypt Ali Gezauli Pasha to replace Khoerew
Pasha, but he was 'tail leas fortunate thin his predecessor,
for he was put to death by the Matnelukes soon attar his
arrival.
In 1804, Mehemet Ali judiciously appointed Khoor-
shid Puha, then Governor of Alexandria, Viceroy of
E gy
Anew and formidable insurrection broke out, and Khoo'.
.bid's soldiers put Cairo to the sack. The inhabitants of
the town were in the utmost alarm, they deposed Khoorshid
Pasha, addressed themselves to Mehemet Ali for protection,

and made him viceroy
Mehemet Ali was installed in the Pashalic—r.of Egypt in
1806, on condition that he should send to the Sultan 4,000
punts, wi ich represented at that time the sum of about
240,0001. sterling.
Ihe iirs• step ne took to secure his pswer was to satisfy
the demands or the troops. He represented to the inhabi-
tants of Cairo that it was at their request that he had as-
sume 1 the commend, and that, to avoid further disturb-
ances, the wants of the army should be eathtled. Re there-
lore levied contriba:isns, which were readily paid.
In 1808 Mehemet Ali received orders from the Porte to
attack the Wahabees, a sec; of the Mohammedan religion,
who had pillaged the cities of Mecca and Medina. The
Viceroy determined upon first putting a Baal end to the
power et his old allies, the Mamelukes, and on the Ist of
March, 1811, the Mamelukes were invited to the citadel at
Cairo to attend at the investiture of the Viceroy's son'
Toussoon, as chiet of the expedition against the Wahabees.
When the ceremony was over the Mem,lultes mounted
their horses, but on reaching the citadel gates they found
them closed, and they were massacred by a sudden discharge
of musketry from soldiers placed on the walls. It has been
computed that 470, with their chief, Ibrahim Bey, perished
in the citadel; and in the city and throughout the country
no loathes 1,200 were killed.
In 1811 Mehemet Ali sent his army into Arabia against
the We.hallees. This war lasted tin years, and after costing
the viceroy immense sums of money and a great number of
men, was finally ended by Ibrahim Pasha. In 1813, Mehe-
met Ali himself went to the Hedjas for a time, to butes the
result of the expedition. During his absence, the Porte ap-
pointed Lateef Pubs Viceroy of Egypt, but Mohammed
Bey, Mehemet Alt's Minister of War, pretending to enter
into the views of Lateef Pasha, engaged him to declare him-
self publicly Viceroy of Egypt, and then decapitated him.
Mehemet Alt afterwards offered the Sultan to assist in
quelling the Greek insurrection against the Porte, and in
1824, Mehemet Ali's fleet of 163 vessels sailed fur the Mena,
under the command at Ibrahim Pasha, who for three years
kept the country in subjection.
In 1830 the Porte conferred upon Mehemet AU the admi-
nistration of the Wand of Candia.
Mehemet Ali then thought of obtaining pommies of
Syria, and 6,000 Egyptians having emigrated thither hs
demanded their restitution from Alals Pasha, then I
O,vernor of Acre. lie was told that the emigrants were
subjects of the Sublime Page, and that they were in the
Sultan's dominions as well in Syria as in Egypt. The Vice-
roy sent word that he would come and take his 6,000
subjects "and one man more," and in 1831 Mehemet
Ali sent into Syria a powerful army, under the command
of his son Ibrahim Pasha, and in a few menthe
reduced the whole country to submission. On this the
I Porte declared Mehemet Ali a rebel, and sent a strong army
into Syria; but Ibrahim Pasha's troops overcame the Sul-
tan's, sad several battles were fought, which insured to the
Egyptians the possession of the country. The European
powers interfered, and peace was signed on the 14th of May,
1833. Syria, end the district of Adana were ceded to
Mehemu Ali, on hie acknowledging himself • venal of the
Sul:an, and miming to remit to the Porte the same tribute
as the former Pashas of Syria. According to this arrange-
ment Mehemet Ali paid for Egypt 12,000 purses; Syria and
Adana, 18,000 purses; mil Candi*, 2,000 purses—makiag
WV:32,000 purees, or 160,0001. sterling per annum.
feweet Ali pamessed Syria peaceably until 1839, when
the Sultan Mahmoud sent his troops into Syria under the
oonimaad of Has Pasha to expel the Egyptisns, bat Ibra-
him Pasha proved too powertul for him, and the Turkish
ems had to retreat. England, Austria, Russia, and Prussia,
beninetion with the Porte, signed a treaty on the 15th
of Sully, 1840, aid informed Mehemet Ali that he was uo
katipt to MEWS is Syria, but the viceroy, confiding in the
oniolenes of the Preach, seemed determined to
Csilitteonatq.
e Allied Powers, finding that the vicero would net
fly evacuate Syria, determined upon driving him out
force. The first engagement took plans on the 10th of
, 1840, near Beyrout, when the Egyptian army was
somplowly routed and the town taken. Cuffs, and Saida
men bombarded in the same month, afterwards Tripoli and
libnoons, and on the 3rd of November, Acre. Alexandria
wee blockaded by an English squadron: still Mehemet Ali
1, was net inclined to submit, bat in the end he acceded to the
Itsima proposed, the hereditary pashas of Egypt in his own
family being secured to him.
It is well known, to his credit, that during the period that
the English were attacking his troops in Syria, and block-
ading Alexandria, Mehemet Ali allowed the India malls to
proceed as usual through Egypt unmolested.
The Porte also treated to Mehemet Ali the government
of the provinces of Nubia, Darfonr, Selmer, sad Condo-
ha, and all the territories annexed thereto, situate ant of

Etpt.
elenset All had by his wives end consubinas 16 chil-
dren, of whom five, three sons and two daughters, ere
living viz , Said Pasha, admiral of the Egyptian fleet,
bon in 1818; Halms Be'',, born in 1826; Mehemet All
Bey, bon in 1833 ; Mesh Bantus, born in 1797, widow of
the Defined', Mohammed Bey; Zeinab Barnes, born in
1824, and serried in 184 S to Kamil Puha. Hales= Bey
was fear years in Paris, where be received a liberal educa-
tion. Memunet Ali had twelve brothers and two sisters, all
of whom me dead.

be court.

BALMORAL, Atroust B.—Yesterday her Majesty
and the Priam walked eat is the snorniag. In the alter-
anon her Majesty, attended by Viseounteas Jocelyn and the
Roe. Mho Dawson. bolt a drive through the forest. His
Royal Highness Prime Albert went out deer stalking.
The royal disuse party included her Majesty, the Prince,
Viscountess Jocelyn, Hon. Mies Dawson, the Rigid Hon.
Sir George Grey, Lint. Colonel the Han. AlexaMor Gor-
don, and Mr. Anson. Sir hall Clark left Balmoral yester
day fora few days.

Mr. Blum:dr, the American Minister, returned
from Perk as fkiturgai.
Lord John Russell left his residence, Pembroke
Lodge, Richmond-park, yesterday morning for Mahe
Parer, York. on a skit to the Arebb;rhop of York
noble noble lord will afterwards proceed to Balmoral.
Despatches were received yesterday at the Colo.
Mal Alm horn the Governors at Hong Lyng, Ceylon, end
the Mesrinas.

PARLIAMENTARY
AND FINANCIAL REFORM.