The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-17 00:00:00

It suer istisertant that inquiry should be made berme them
weeas =atom of public assay which might tam eat
to be feed
Mr. COWPER said that upon a most careful examination
of the harbour, it was found that it would give BB semi
of good anchorage ground.
EXPORT OF CORN FROM PORTUGAL. •
Lord J. MANNERS having renewed his question as ga
whether the Portuguese government had probihlteil rhe
"non
ndrrtol. RUSSELL said that, on looking over the
despatches on the subject, he found tly.t there was a decree
of the Portuguese government at Usbon prohibiting the ex-
portation of eonn until it should he the pleasure of the
government to revoke that decree. There was also a decree
admitting • certain quantity of corn to be imported into
Portugal.
PROTECTION OF FEMALES.
Mr. SPOONER roes to move for leave to bring in a
bill for the more effectual suppression of trading in seduc-
tion end prostitution, and for the better protection of females
—a bill which, he aid, was called for by the petitions of
10,000 persona.
After a few remarks from Sir G. GREY and Mr. C.
BEILIZLIIT, Mr. Srooxisa said he would defer his motion to
a future day.
. SELECT COMMITTEE ON RAILWAYS.
On the motion of Mr. M. GIBSON. the following select
committee we' appointed to consider the circumstances under
which • certain document was printed by order of this house,
purporting es be the report of the select committee of last
semen, appointed to inquire whether, without discouraging
legitimate enterprise, conditions may net be embodied in
railway acts better 'fitted than those hitherto inserted in
them, to promote mid secure the interests of the public
Mr. Milner Gibson, Mr. Goulbarn, Lord John Roma Mr.
Morrison, Mr. Hodson, Sir George Grey, Sir George Clerk,
Mr. Wilson Patten, Mr. Warburton, Mr. Labouchere, Mr.
Sidney Herbert, Mr. George Hamilton, Mr. Parker, Mr.
Hums, Mr. Chaise Russell, Sir John lialthope, and Mr.
Baring.
FACTORY BILL.
Mr. DENNISTOUN claimed the indulgence of the house
for a few moments on the subject of the Factory bill, which
stood for a third reading to-morrow (this day). The mann.
funning interest had been overwhelmed with surprise at the
majority of votes in favour of the bill, and had taken no steps
whatever in the matter. Yesterday he r.ceived a communi-
cation from an influential bid,' of his constitnenta in Glas-
gow, which he believed was likely to meet the Mews of all
parties. He had submitted that proposal to the loble lord at
the heal of the government; but, it was ImpleMie to ob-
tain the minima epee le et the meeedeareelle et Merakester
and other places in time kr te-meereele isaaaleee be had
to ask the noble lord wheMer be dead that emegeeal of
mitficteet importance *dole be seemiltege- die has.
member fur Oldham he peeigeee the hi% se et to glee time
for obtaining the urbane fifths meaalbelerera
Lord J. It IjS.S.r..LL said that MAE& tlesnan had sub-
mitted to him a peopled which he asetefisad likely to meet
the Meow of these whir mere in lamer of a Ten Hones 1101
on the one side, while In the other it maid prove lea Me
Minable in the epee: lbe enema ireanwheterers. He (Lod
J. Ewan) mold Wray thee dr peepesal appeared to him
to be feasible ; but Mm epleien apes Or &gest was vat
entitled to much weight without emembilmg the meendee-
turas as to the effect of the proposal egrasikele merbilsay
and ether operations. (Hear.) He soul we elk the Ina
oteerker for Oldham to pietism the meatus, these.' he del '
Net Imre if such a comes wield rasa with the
append of the house • lea he eertaindy dereld wish earl
peeled la • form calehMi he ark* her parties- (Hear.)
Hr. AGLIONBY Odom sum te ea the bill) had se
Memo dale lies.assibee oiam,
"motet la the er edam et lib bee. elm mom to
Olegiers sleben& le left eseeeered I. the lobe et Ale I
noble bed, that there ehoeht be as harraonleee
of thalgeartion. He only regretted that the ebb
km Wad, and whisk *end& lord considered
net brew= no&
Mr. =NZ weeks &lig time for the consideration el
the pemeesl, after ilhe adds 'e declaration of its *pew

twee.
Mr. HINDLEY described the difficulty *private member
bad to sueounter in carrying a bill through that house, and
thou it most unreasonable to expect the hon. member
for Oldham to give way when that difficulty wu on the
point of being surmounted.
Mr. BORTH WICK protested against the form and sub•
stance of this proceeding on the part of the member for

Glasgow.
Dr. BOWRTNG defended the course pursued by that
hon. gentleman, who had done ever" thing that could have
been expeded of him.
Mr. ERRANDF said that the only way to get rid of the
difficulty was by passing the bill as it now stood. If the
house refined to do so, an' extensive agitation would be the
consequence. The operative classes had observed that the
Anti-corn-law Lingo* had, by agitating, carried their point,
and were determined to exercise a similar right, and obtain
a ten hours bill.
The subject here
HEAD TAetPON EMIGRANTS.
Lord G. BENTINCK inked if there were any truth in the
report that it was in the cor.templatioa of the government of
the United States, or of the state of New York, to impose
an import-duty of 51. a head upon all 'mignon' from this
country ?
Viscount PALMERSTON said, with regard to the
question put to him b his noble friend, be could only state
that the government had no information that any such duty
as he had mentioned was about to be imposed. There had
been some dissuasion in Congress on the subject, but nothing
had been done so faro they were aware of.
CRACOW.--ADJOURNED DEBATE.
Sir J. WALSH wished to consider, first, whether we bad
the legal right to discontinue the payment to Roans,
alluded to in the motion before the house ; and
secondly, whether it would be, according to the law of
nations, consistent with our national dignity, or politic,
to do so. According to the terms of the motion,
it would appear that the payment of a certain sum was the
condition of the adherence of Russia to the treaty of Vienna;
whereas the conveation of 1831 was net necessarily a part of
the arrangement between Russia and England but only ex-
planatory and supplementary,
n and it created no new obliga-
tion. What was the o• • treaty of May, 1815, and what
were the obligations of England with reference to Holland,
for she took on herself the obligations of Holland? What
were the obligations Holland owed to Russia ? The Donn-
deratiou for which Holland agreed te pay this sum was the
restoration of her independents. The right hon. baronet the
member for Tanya,* red a think that M. Guinot
in a despatch of his had amerted the doctrine that the viola-
tion of a treaty by ems power was an absolution of all the
other partial to it; bet be (Piz. J. Walsh) thought that
from the terms of Ihe dispatch, M. Oulu" meant no
mare time that Peruse might have taken such a course. If
they weeds tie the audio et the hon. member for Montrose
they wadi be peeetieelly adopting that tours, end be
that benly le plena. The next point to whisk he
vWi le advirtorna ens on which he must expo* te en-
ewarilar an wham floolkos both in that house awl out of
deem. The right kam. baronet, the member for Temmorth,
expressed a Oren egisien se to the necessity of a Meta like
Kees 'd affording pielegien to the weaker ewes dferope.
!=id with the right lien. gentleman, and wadi add,
wr est it wines eutfall states to eet cm tiraliey
it wee lite espenielitlimmt et le de so. Mit be
admitted dila pried* to the extent, be Todd ray
that thine wren the pert either weehmrshites a reciprocity
et dung. "Ed they ware bound to possum a strict neutrality
and net le give mesh premendet to stronger stake as would
moire an Mimi ssidiniten. It w clear that Cracow was
the sent M • erena, • Needy, and at the IMMO time •
herdies inefir On the whole, he thought the
Um. formboir for Illasemo (Mr. Hume) had wholly failed
marks ewe hie mew and bean this, he was not dupcwed,
madman the eiremiemses attending the matter, to rest a
creme spun her =7;:dgovernment. He should there.
Owe weft with the at the head of the government
Inttur of his enaememist—the previous question.-

Lord R. TANK thought the ispanenti which had MO
addremSl to the home by his Roble friend the usseelm the
the My of Lem* (Lead J. Russell), on the ftstalght et
the deb* cot the greettlem sow before the hew, waft
emelosive se to the basnaltheaftwitit the dignity andwidom
of piths** whisk *di MN *OM the adoption of the..
remolutiont, sakes it was irissied to follow them bit otiir
active ..era= than the t of this sum to
Hr. WORTLEY MR, is Mt a considerable ES
*thy with regard to tame osesistioos. He hated the
=titthe previews smellea wadi be zeismiseteed
He was **cod, of ea:silting *0 best
antherities, that this cowatzy was In a position to left Mem-
togs, if it *we to do ea, of the act of the time potram in
osier to refute the payee* of the Roam-Duleh km. I*
if this set were aot a visit* of the Seel, orllbmea, ft
was sash a departure do. the ossmation e.. *Me the
Suety was tressital. se to am** to as bildapftsft of the
spirit of that treaty. Re deist that by the ementlem
hated to, the paymeat at *a IftromDmeli lose bed Woo
oderteken as as equivalent ere bar of the Dutch mho*
haw coiled to us, as bad bets represented by the boa.
as for Southwark Mir W. lishoworth)). So !sr hem '
that, this **try was in pomeelts of all tbom;ftisolse
right of eeagart ; but the whole of them, eft* 101
ha restored Hafted, aft of friendship to the Homo of
Onage. The omponstion to Russia had, iacir=
ft the waiver by ho died powers of **is,
and login*, of their deist up. Holland, be ism.
of Reis, which bed salved meet snerely by the straps
of En*. The bommellie gad teamed rs.th read
am* articles frees* semeations, in prate mil being 1
the fousidation of the elligatioa. Were it othendes, and
wets the, view tabus by the boa. member for lftethwark
wrest, the obligation meld aft have been voided, area if
Russia had braes the sooty of Timm the nezteel oarand
had *shed bet Wafts lima IX Potersburg to Pula . ,
hem) It* tam the ,MAW* of the four by
Wood wee as *ft* ft the obligation ; but it was no
ISO a essilain *Who this of Warms as then settled,
*ell am be ilhitabei. Whoa the meats of 1831 led to
the eepralka of Deighwe Irma Relhad, a fresh tics
W hem setseed sal Wm* thiri country and ReZaa., in
Midi Yens spegOg ellguiesedl by the htter power that
the elitelbs Everma- *.• in payment of the Moss
Meth his *soft es**, es tendigen erßusia kmisu
matiftig to bill her pet te the treaty. (Heer, hem)
If my imbtaimid not la this bare • condition of
Lito eammile, this ebilydloo, ti bed been set at rem by*.
emompeadefte het kid ea the table of the beam
by tho gromomsat Ice proof of this, the hoe. and heel
*I ease antra* from this ecormgendenea,
It sate tie
tthe ha* deer by Russia to this army**
that Wooed thmt ft aster into the stipule** bp tibia
COasew was MAIM* as a has Note. England hod them
Ave so debt to dap* hem bee pecuniary obligelims, be-
am ft me to emayßrßm of their p mess* of them
a** that they W miertthen them. Thum was a
Iftea of the
iwimby the smithery occupation of eflioOW
big Owl Was tto it edvantege of how Rote* had
flo the aria eftlotestial adhere* to the maim

ref Me conthellint. It era hilgemible te my that 1 The inferno ';atra we, obvious. Ha would venture to Implore
the linty of Vision hod eltet_h•P.llealted- ha If ',tithing ' the noble 'wed the member TOI Tiverica to Mew %swat:vas
'teen thelodont to Poole that se mei keen, had only to eordialt foe the sake nth' interests of civilisation, of timer-
tie them he the isendent at the poetise themeelyee. Theee tinier, of public order, and of European peen ; not only in
rem bb maim fee inglierffing the Mail resolution, but in pr natio* of acts ouch as that in queselinn, but also in
'gem the In. genthman the Member for Montrose r sensation of that reaction which was now smouldering
them nee nothing to be gained by On to a division Irtterever there had been, or wherever there was, raisgovern-
the geth MA concluded by myth, that he would un• meat, which fleshed forth the other day from Genoa to the
aspen
Mass to call on them to see lend the payment of Apennines, and which, either Owe or elsewhere, would
W RaseceDateb loan. blaze out into more serious demonetrations. The fact of the
Mr. CHRISTIE said that with great deferent ',o the two great constitutional powers really and efficiently
right hors. gentleman who had just sat down, he meat Ray acting together would be a better protest than the
that he could not think that his historical 'Weren't had refusal to pay the debt ; and if the three power"
materially altered the case before them. Th • question had, with their mimetic morality, attempted to
seemed to be, whether RAJIV& having •.iolated the justify the course which the had pursued, England should
treaty of Vienna absolved us floe. a payment still be able to say, " Though you have broken the moat
of the money? There would be no'.ning " Mabby " important treaty that universal Europe ever settled, we
in adopting the affirmative—the "aft abbinem " would will respect a conetructive understanding upon the merits
rather be m holding our hand Wren we were enabled and obligations of which even publicists differ." (Cheers.)
to inflict a punishment, however mall, on a great nation for Mr, DISR.tELI said that it was of some important*, in
a great violation of the rights of tree aim er
( ear, hoar.) If discussing this matter, that they should agree what was not
we were net absolved from the '4sayment of the money, it the subject before them at this moment. The subject which
would be reprehensible not to pay it, rather than " shabby." was not before them was the policy or impoliey of the parti-
(Hear, hear.) But he thournt that if the house passed tion of Poland—(hear)—because he had listeued to many
such a resolution as that proposed by the honour- arguments and some bunts of eloquence which, uttered in
able member for Itlontrore., they would be trenching 1772, would have been resounded to the credit of the
ro house,
on the province of the executive. He hoped the and have produced an effect. He lamented, as he believed
honourable member for Montrose would feel satisfied they must all lament, that the independence of Poland
with the strong expression of feeling which his resolution had had ceased. He reopened the downfall of Poland
called forth, aiti:.= his motion to a division in which as an independent state, and chiefly' because he cen-
se many who s • with him would be compelled to sidered that it was to the interest of England that she
vote against it.T eari, beer.) should have continued to exist as an independent power.
Mr. W. S. O'BRIt-.N belonged to a country which had (Hear, hear.) At the same time, he could well understand
been deprived of its nationality by means scarcely less nefa- why, as the hon. member for Pomfret had said, and as his
*ions thaw these wnich had been employed with reference to hon. friend the member for Canterbury had intimated, that
Poland. When the noble lord the member for London there was a more ardent feeling in favour of the independ-
(Lord J. Russell) said that England had violated no tr. sty. ern of Poland in Refit than in this country ; for though it
ancient or modern, he would recall to the noble was en English interest that Poland should remain an inde-
lord's memory the treaty of Limerick, and the pendent power, it was much more a French interest. But if
violation of the compact of 1782. He was surprised, how- there was any assembly in Europe which should be the last
ever, to find that any man could say, as the noble lord the to criticise the partition of Poland by the three partitioning
member for Lynn had done, that the treaty of Vienna had not powers, it was the English parliament. Before that part-
been violated by the transactions which were the subject of timing took place, the then English Secretary of State for
debate. Nothing was so clear as the declaration of the in- Foreign Affairs was aware of what was in contemplation.
dependence and nationality et Cracow in the treaty of He was in communication with the court of France on the
Vienna. He trusted the time would come when Great subject, and the court of France offered to unite with Eng-
Britain, united with France, would be able to indict land to prevent the proposed partitioning. The minister who
re a just tribution upon the head of every oppreasor, and then presided in our Foreign-office was second to none
re-echo the sentiment expressed by a great French states- who had succeeded him in his knowledge of continental
man, that " the nationality of Poland is imperishable."— affairs. But what did the Parliament of England do ? On
(Hear, hear.) the very eye of the partition they turned that minister
Mr. B. &SCOTT rose to support the resolutions of the out of office. The consequence was that Poland was pasti-
hon. member for Montrose. It appeared to him that there tioned, and France, who had offered to unite with us to
[ were two questions before the house. The first was whether prevent it, became our most inveterate foe in the affair of
r the home ought or ought not, by affirming the resolutions, the North• American Colonies—and the very vote which
to add its condemnation to the condemnation already pro- prevented the partitioning of Poland resulted also in the loss
flounced by the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and in the of our American colonies. It was argued that in the ab-
stretch front the throne, of the flagrant violation of the treaty sorption of Cracow by Austria an important treaty had been
of Vienna by the three powers; and the second question was violated. But how stood the history of the case ? At the
whether, after the violation of the treaty, they ought to con- commencement of the struggle, which resulted in the treaty
tinue to pay a Inge sum of money to one of these powers, in question, the city of Cracow was an Austrian town—
which, in the opinion of many, was only to be contingent on during the progress of that struggle it became • Saxon town,
the observance of the treaty. He was content, with respect subsequently it became once more • Polish town, bat at the
to the first question, to rest the vindicatiun of the honour of same time • protected town—(gar, bear)—and from
the country on the honest, clear, and vigorous MUMt of the the moment it became a protected town it had been
noble lord the Secretary for Foreign Affairs. (Hear, hear) occupied at various periods by the military forces
With respect to the other, they were not only bound to es- of the protecting powers—its constitution had been modified
press en opinion, but they were obliged in his judgment to and changed—the original privileges of those protecting
express that opinion the more strongly after the speeches of powers had been extended, and even so far as (under certain
his right boo. friend the member for Bute and the hen. condition') to an interposition with its police, had been corn-
member
foe Weymouth. His right hon. friend the member pletely, or rather amply exercised. The result was, that
for Bute had shown in a man clear andconvincing speech, after a period of more than half • century, Cracow had be-
that the money was not due, that the conditions on which come again an Austrian town. This was really the historic
it was to be paid had been violated, and yet he came to the statement to which the treaty as to Cracow referred. It bad
weak conclusion that he would vote for its payment. nothing to do with partitioning of Poland. (Hear, hear.)
(Hear, hear.) The noble lord the member for Lynn, of all It was easy to talk as the hon. member for Bolton h.;d done
those who supported the payment of this money, was the of the injured rights of 20,000,000 of human beings—but
only one who did so on clear and intelligible grounds, did they live in Cracow or in suburbs ? (Hear, hear) Did
for his argument was, that the three powers were forced to the hon. member appeal to the rights of those 20,000,000 as
act as they had done under an imperious necessity. He
could not understand how those, who admitted that the being defended and secured by the treaty of Vienna ? Was
that the only ground of their right to political independence
treaty had been violated without any necessity, and that the and social freedom ? (Hear.) Yet this was the tone in
payment of the money depended on its observance; could which gentlemen indulged in that house and in other plasm
vote for its payment. (Hear, hear.) Then there was a in speaking of this important subject. Deprive it of their
grave constitutional question whether the House of Com- sympathies and associations, and the question would ammo
mons was competent to discuss the question. The noble lord, • very different aspect. It was needy 80 years Moos Pohlad
the member for London, said they had no right to debate it. was partitioned—that was more than a quarter of the period
and after that he argued that they ought to pay the money which historians considered the epoch of modern history—
to Rusna. On rending the noble lord's speech, he and during that time England had lost her colonies; France
found that the first part of it was a decisive answer to the had been revolutUnised ; the Continent had been conquered ;
last part of it. (Hear, hear.) The noble lord said that the Ireland had been united to England; and important events
question of pounds, shillings, and pence was a mean one. had taken place subsequently to these great affairs, which
The only honest way of looking at the question was were still fresh in the minds of all present, and to which
as one of pounds, shngs, and pence. The question of some of them owed their seats in that assembly which now
honour depended upon that. He did not think that tad to itself the right to deal with the acts
7,000,0001. should be scandalously thrown away—or, worse tin nations. The partition of Poland had
than that—given as hush-money, and paid through a servile ceased to be a political catastrophe; it must now be regarded
fear. (Hear, hear.) The plea of honour was nonsense, as an historical fact. (Hear, hear.) It appeared, however,
' (Hen bear.) The plea of -honour depended on the justice that two great powers had protested that there had been a
,of the debt. And until the minister preyed the justice of violation of • treaty, to which they were signatories, in re-
-1 the debt, the plea
.of honour could not be maintained. speet to this town. England and France, by the months of
(Hear, hear.) ne next argument was that they should pay two most able minister', had protested that there had been
this money on account of the colonies. Even if that such • violation, by the three continental powers, of that
were so, were they bound to pay it to Russia ?
This was a great question of coortientionol policy. The late treaty as would shake the title-deeds of all Europe ; and a
member of the English parliament now celled upon the house
Prime Minister quitted office not on account of any to re-echo and respond to that protest, and, by taking advan-
of the liberal 'themes which he propounded, but because tage of certain other treaties in existence, to punish one of
in an evil hour he laid his hand on the constitutional fiber- those three powers for the alleged violation. This he thought
ties of one portion of the United Kingdom. The noble lordwas
then at the head of the government might find by experience a fair and true statement of the case. (Hear.) The hon
member for the University of Oxford had said the other
that a man's foes were in his own household, and that his
bast friends were not to be found amongst his servile fol- evening that every hon. gentleman was pledged by the
address, in answer to the speech from the throne at the open-
lowers. (Hear, hear.) ing of the session, to the opinion that there had been a
Mr. SMYTHE (who spoke in so low • tone that his mean- manifest violation of the treaty of Vienna. He denied that,
ing was often doubtful in the gallery), said it was scarcely because the reference in the speech to this matter had been
possible for any man hi hold that as a mere matter of Mel, allowed to pass almoat without comment, that therefore they
candle and commercial fairings, this country was net re- were pledged to the opinion that the treaty of Vienna had
sponsible for the debt in question. But though he enter- been violated. It was a principle of public law which he
tamed an opinion different from that of the hon. member believed no one could refute, that the violation of a particular
for Montrose, he had not formed it without some treaty inserted In • general treaty was not a violation of that
misgivings. The noble lord (Lord J. Russell) had laid general treaty. (Hear.) He put forward this principle as
it down with all the gravity which belonged to a great con- broadly as words would permit him, for he was not aware of
atitutional question, that discumions on matters of foreign any exceptions to a principle which he believed to be of the
policy were seldom of any practical advantage; and this he greatest importance. He asked the house to look well at
had illustrated by reference to thou annual protects in favour the case of the peace of Westphalia, which they had been
of Polish nationality in the French chambers, which, to use told by the noble lord the member for Hertford they ought
a Preach proverb, were " hke mere sword-thrusta in the to look to as a model in this matter In that case the sup-
water." It was impossible not to feel the value of the plemental treaty bad been inserted in the general treaty,
counsel and the warning; it was impossible not to remember and that called up one of the most remarkable and etriagent
how little had been done in favour of Poland by all the de- guarantees in diplomatic records. The parties to the sup-
clarations of sympathy which had been made; it was im- plemental treaty had submquently '
a plied to the signotaries
partible for some of them not to recall that truth which was of the general treaty, and alter full • a, and reference
wrung from the dying agonies of Poland after the Maumee- to the highest authorities in Europe, it was decided that the I
tion of 1831, and had since grown into • proverb, "God is violation of the subsidiary treaty was not a violation of the
too high, and France is too ter," But if Frame were too general treaty. The case was precisely 'inlay to the pre-1
far, England, morally and political l,y, as well as Phi- sent. The free cities of Germany had been guaranteed poll-
catty, was farther still ,• and, like Prince, they not been tical rights by the treaty of Ornabruck, which was guaran
connected with Poland by that long confraternity, now of teed by the treaty of Munster. The free cities, being deprived
triumph and now of misfortune, which had knit the noun- of those rights, called upon the sienotaries of the general
trier together from theidays of the Valois, down to the days of treaty to do them justice and to fulfil their guarantee. After
Napoleon. (Hear, hear.) If ever there was one country the most weighty arguments it was decided by authorities,
bound to another, it was France to Poland ; if ever there second to none, that a violation of a treaty which had been
was one country which had suffered for another, it was Poland inserted in the treaty in chief of Westphalia was not a viola-
for
Fenn : if ever there was one conntri which was shoo- tion of the general treaty. The authorities were the Great '
doned by another, it was Poland by France. (Hear, hear.) Chancellor of Sweden, Ozenstiern, and Cardinal Mazarin.
In • ...Wiper of contemporaneous history, it smiths old story He put this case as one of public law so clear, that
over Wit of Athens and Platen. But although England he defied any man to controvert it. The congress which '
had net the same interest es Frame in this Cracow question, followed that of Westphalia was that of Nimeguen ; and
he yet ha=drsidaseethed flat It WY no unfit question the question of the efficacy of an inserted treaty in a general
1 the st of this those. (Hear, hear.) treaty was again opened in that cue, and decided by an
(Hear, their.) If he understood the 'pint of the lion mem- authority not inferior to either of the two he had already
be. for Montrose's resolutions, he maght not to interfere mentioned. The then King of Sweden, an ally of France,
with or =harms the executive, batt to corroborate end oon- but a German prince, had attacked the dominions of the
firm the protest of the noble lord the member for London. Elector of Brandenburg, and, when peace was arranged,
If that noble lord brought the whole weight .1 his authority the elector refused to join in that peace unless he obtamed
to prove that this was not • proper subject for the House of compensation for the attack which had been made upon him
Commons, another parson, scarcely second to the noble lord by the King of Sweden, whom he had defeated ; and he
as a constitutional guide, had said in a noble image, that the appealed to the stipulations of the Westphalian treaty,
pulse of Europe beat according to the impulse it received and to the King of France, who was the ally
from the parliament of England. (Hear, hear.) He thought of the King of Sweden, as a signatory. of that
they would be wanting in their duty if they failed to express, treaty. That King of France was Louts XIV.,
net perhaps their indignation, but at least their regret at a sovereign whose character was now better understood than
such an inauspicious and untoward neat; and if anything formerly, and who, though • king, was, betides, the greatest
could enhance their regret at the act itself, it would be minister of his time—and he replied to the Elector of Bran- I
the manner in which it was defended. (Hear, hear.) It denburg "It is true the King of Sweden has violated the ,
was surely • melancholy thought that that Print Metter. treaty of Ornabruck, but we cannot admit that the violation
nth whose name for nearly half a century had been a of an inserted treaty is any violation of the general treaty, '
synonym. throughout Europe for good faith; whose map/ and if you refuse to join in the peace peopled, I will march
anise adjustment and honourable compromise was stain an army into your territory and compel you." There was
=their century, should at the close of a long and • us- &isotherm.. to which England herself was a party, and he
career, hove been connected with so Coalmen a called their attention especially to this precedent
thequet—(hear, hear.)—with an acquisition where the es being complete and unanswerable—a precedent
pin we. so inigaithant sad the lasso immeasurable ; where which would appeal to their prejudices as well
the gain was a geographical atom, and the loss the mantels- as their reason. (Hear.) The congress which followed
men of Europe. (Cheers.) There was no one of the ar that of Nimeguen was that of Ryserick. Louis XIV.
rangemente, so one of the stipulations, which dated fromthe having to restore the Palatinate which he had conquered
Mot governments of 1816—not the Germanic Confeders- made it a condition in his negotiation in chief that the (na-
tion itself; not the Italian dominions of the House of Aintria, Mined religion of the Palatinate should be maintained.
not Venice, not Genoa, not Prune which had gained more William 111. of England, at that time the head of the Pro-
by peace than she ever gained by war, not the kingdoms of teetant interest, consented. But it turned out that the este-
Hanover and the Netherlands--there was no one of the blished religion of the Palatinate, since its subjection by
arrangements that dated from that :period which was one Louis XIV. was the Roman Catholic; and the Princes
whit more sacred than that of Cracow. (Hear, hear.) Nay, of Germany rose and end, " What, is the Palatinate—the
as if by a prescience that this small state would become the birth-place and the cradle of the Protestant religion—which
battle-field between might and right, between liberty and religion was secured to us by one general treaty, to
force, its independence and liberty were guaranteed by a which the King of England was a party, now to
greater number of articles than any other stipulation which become the centre of the Roman catholic faith ? "
had formed the subject of treaty. (Hear, hear.) Now one We call upon you, the aignataries in chief to the peace of
word about the manner. Was there ever anything more Westphalia, to come forward and vindicate onr rights."
rude, more abrupt, more unlike diplomatic usage, more un What was the answer of the King of France ? He said,
like Prince Metternich, than the mode in which thisnolence " Your only right is to appeal to the diet of Germany. This
was consummated ? It was only in fable thatthey could find a is a domestic and municipal question. It has been decided
paralleL Like Semiramis, who suckled Ryon, and then before, that an included treaty touches only the signatories
debauched him, the three powers had suckled Cracow then of that treaty, and not the signers of the genera treaty."
debauched it, and then destroyed it. And why did' they What happened then ? It was refund to William 111.,
destroy it ? If no one bad stated the cause in tkat debate, who said that such had been the recognised public law of
there were none who did nokknow it. It was not events in Europe for 70 years. He decided that the violation of an
Cracow which had led to that result, but events in London, asserted treaty was not a violation of the general treaty,
Paris, and Madrid. (Hear, hear, hear.) History would end that yen mould not call upon the signatories of that ge
reseed all the pains and penalties, and all rho per- neral treaty in any other way than you could call upon the
minion borne by this hostage in the hands of cab- signataries of all general treaties. He had understood the
ether whenever a conflict should arise between the right hon. gentleman the member for Tarnworth to ask what
powers of Europe. It was known in 1836 was the nee of declaring that these annexed treaties to theCatena were dffilerences between England and Prance on pin ipal sot of the Congress of Vienna had precisely the
the 'abject of Spas. In the beginning of 1836 theme diffn ewes beoe as if they were inserted in the treaty, if they had
I =NO came to a di. On the 18th of March it thatpliq net the same force. He (Mr. Disraeli) at once admitted
11.•,____Thiers, In a thithlike to M. Sebestrani, lornMiterelsool that there was no distinctson between an annexed and an
1_„'•"••••...,_sda••• p••__lh• three Powell had be thetheneeth Meseta treaty. He knew of no instance in which such a
1 s"" t•tarlf tMa *MY dart beim Meow hllli lath thellanien could be made. But the question was,
elesa7:1•41:11:11'V2•1"11814 I:loll4bistualleh 6 aele. wee
the
force
manedt thatPaf,ll.= treatyh bear tellesetla
11111111111, be that If aa hthemte ham
be- kat ago. It had always been held, and the nobis
them Oa We gnat etheelhatithall sennteies MI athied. the lord and the right hon. gentleman had wisely acted
1.61"."1.1 of °new sea" him bun nelaattad- on the principle, that if a particular treaty was in-
(Hem, hem) Aessedlag to the ansionla, the l4llt of cab- sorted in • gensialltreaty, the signatories to the general
"hie pat was taught hi • stable. by actentatar. treaty were not to be called upon by any sismataries to the
a arm bilwma a nunand • hens i the meaning of the particular treaty, in case that treaty was violated Nobody
legs" Id"' *et when you cannot employ eadmea there pretended that there was any power by such a treaty with
=meet employ terms; that where you do not no your to Poland to have called upon France or England to
there you mum me year hoots. He believed that if !egtrfere. Neither Russia, Austria, or Prussia' bad called
en Mtheate understanding between the two 000stlentional an
monis@ had continued to upon France or England to interfere. (Hear, hear.) Who
the three powers would men had called thisi Where
upon is country to interfere . was
Iwo CW4I" their loads b=tl of their hoe& (Hear.) their locus stets& for interfering ? If there were any

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