The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-07 00:00:00

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LONDON, SATURDAY, AUG. 7.
Pooft Austria is in a most dreadful fright Tiers is
an usoompact and draggling empire, long kept uncon-
taminated, and bermetirallysesled from commotticatinn
with all others--a difficult matter, since it is actually
in contact with half a dozen countries. These were
all the best behaved, and the most rigidly waled, and
the safest of neighbours, so that the Austrian eagle
slumbered on with its two heads, one uader each
wing, nor dreamed of being disturbed.
But lo ! the: double eagle finds itself beset from
every point of the compass; and to mover and keep its
own nestlings rile is the difficult} . A year or two
ago Servo. wee in thank and the Danube slim with
Slavonian reminiscences of indepsmdence.
MICH, startled, thought ha could do no better than
give up Scent to a Russian rigime and influenee.
Thom mass CNINOW to stir, and Galicia to be trembled.

stirred, and adopted that dread thing— a constitution.
Its want of success in uniting the Prussian go-
vernment and liberals in a common under-
standing, relieved Austra of some anxiety.
Next, Miss Lots MoNits, in Bavaria, routs
the jesuits, and upsets the Austrian eagle adminis-
tration, the nature of which may be judged from
what a British lion cabinet would be. Then began
Switzerland to stir : and lastly the Pope and the King
of PIEDMONT; so that luckless NI ETTERNICI ftlike an old
spider, has been alarmed and menaced at every ex-
tremity of his web, and was to be seen rushing out
now on this side, now on that, in dreadful alarm for his
fragile fabric.
His attempt to make an onslaught upon the Pope,
the atrocious recklessness with which it we, planned,
and the ridiculous awkwardness with which it was
executed, we exposed some days since. And we now
turn to Switzerland, one of Austria's great bugbears.
. Poor Switzerland ought to command the sympa-
thies of every Englishman, not only from its old and
glorious campaigns in behalf of freedom and indepen-
dence, but from a certain similari'v of disease and
difficulty with ourselves. England has got a catholic
Ireland by its side. Switzerland has a little catholic
Ireland in its very bowels, in its very centre, and
knows as little as ourselves how to deal with it.
The ease with Switzerland is even worse ; for our
Ireland, though behind us some half century, is still
not so monstrously in arrear as the mountain cantons
of Switzerland are of the plain cantons. Ireland has
its professorial, its mercantile, its gentle, and its civic
clam of catholics, enlightened and liberal, or capable
of being so, if the millions of ignorant peasants would
let them. The villages of central Switzerland con_
tain but pastors and monks, who would burn the
schoolmaster by a slow fire if he ventured " abroad ;"
so that to reform Swiss-Ireland is impossible. It has
relapsed into the bands of the jesuits, and, instead of
drawing closer to the nineteenth, has retrograded to
the sixteenth century.
The Swiss liberals might tolerate this, and leave it
to time to cure it. But, unfortunately, the Pact for-
bide. This precious constitution, for which M.
Goizerr so dogmatically stickle., gives the executive
and military power of the confederation alternately to
different cantons. It is in the hands of protestant
and nitre-liberal Berne this veer, to be handed over
on a certain day, like my lord Mayor's mace and
chain, to catholic and ultra-conservative Lucerne.
This is precisely as if these three kingdoms were to
exercise the executive power year about : as if the
municipal authorities of Edinburgh, who have just
ousted Mr. MACAULAY for voting the Maynooth grant,
were to have the complete rule of Ireland for 1847,
the supreme rule of Scotland and England, passing at
the commencement of 1848 into the hands of the re-
peal corporation of Dublin.
Now that is the Swiss pact, rendered as intelligible
as can be to English understandings •" and this is the
pact which M. Get/err, as a political philosopher,
declares the Swiss must not alter! The thing it
impossible and absurd, utterly beyond the tolerance
of human nature, and equally insupportable to both
parties. It is impossible that the wealthy„ the
populous, the enlightened canton of Berne, can
tranquilly obey the executive behest or command of a
Lucerne clodhopper who knows nothing bat his
farm, and who has summoned Italian jesuits to oducate
his children and direct his polidml councils. It is
equally difficult for Lucerne, which has rett=ed
to the regime and the bigot?), of theaixteenth
to undergo the rule of the democrats of Berne.
The worst of the antagonism and civil strife is,
that it counteracts liberal aims; for if catholic fear
and scruples were not awakened, the progress of rail-
road and factory, of mines and smelting establish-
ments in the mountains, would soon do the work of
civilisation, if the red-hot protestants would but
allow that silent social reform to do its work, instead
of employing legislation and proclamation.
As it is, however, the catholic cantons have banded
together, and set op a cry for repeal. The liberals
say, " No ; we will absorb you in a large national se-
sembly ; treat you sea minority ; root out your monks
and convents; and educate you in your own despite."
Hereat the Swiss-Irish send to Austria for gunpowder,
and call monster meetings—nay, they have gone so far
as to erect fortifications, which the opposite party de-
clare they will march to destroy.
In the mean time, by insidious and stugidsgiplo-
macy, France and Austria are fanning 811.. e,—
and bullying and calumniating, instead of
aloof and acting arbiters ; instead of soothinwali pas-
sions and exposing the follies of the madmen ma both
aides.

MIDDLESEX demands living representatives in the
House of Commons. The metropolitan county has a
right to hear the voice of its members, as well as to
spell out their votes from the division lists. The great
constituency which sends the members for Middlesex
to parliament should give a tone or an impulse to the
national councils. Ministers and cabinets may fairly
look to the opinions of the electors of Middlesex as
some sort of guide o public opinion. In the House
of Commons the part taken by the elected of Middle-
sex should be an index to which the government
might refer for the progress of the national mind. No
amount of mere quiet respectability can compensate,
in a member for Middlesex, for the absence of energy,
courage, and decision upon political questions. There
are plenty of " protectionist" counties, and many
aristocratic boroughs, to send up to the Commons po-
litical Rip Van Winkles—men whose notions of
public affairs are out of date by some half cen-
tury; but the heart of this great commercial
eemmunity should select men who can march
in the van of political and social progress, and of
civilisation. Now what has bees the political state of
Middlesex for the last ten years ? What his been
the political lesson this county has offered to the go-
vernment of the day ? Why, that the metropolitan
county stood neuter. The electors of Middlesex, so
far as their parliamentary representation went, had
no voice in public affairs. The veteran liberal mem-
ber, the late Mr. BENG, has been yoked with the
tory protectionist, Colonel THOMAS Wool). The mem-
bers for Middlesex formed a perpetual pair. Had
there been no members for this county ; bad the writs
been suspended ; the voice of the constituency could
not have been more powerless in the House of Com-
mons than in the state of things which has existed.
And the death of Mr. Brio has caused no change.
Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR and COI. DIOS. WOOD
balance each other on the division lists wherever the
great principles of freedom come in question.
And this condition of nonentity, this constant nega-
tion, the decors of Middlesex are coolly asked to
continue for the benefit of that tall and respectable
soldier, Col. Tnos.Wooe. Is it possible that that quiet
gentleman and his Wry-protectionist friends can
seriously expect their most unreasonable request to be
' complied with ? Everywhere the larger constituencies
Aolecting men of purpose and decison : in some

istboalle nit Irides* Nestles briards Know mem-
ber% ‘lllBi for -activity and usefeinses, are as far le-
fine Col. thus. WOOD as can be esneeived. Now, of
OIL Taos. Woon's political creed it is impossible to
spa positively. Ma is a man of negatives. He is
saver bard In the house. If we recollect rightly,
hia chief, if not his only reported speech, was upon
some question connected with his milihry proforma,
a meet about which the electors of Middlesex were
C•balflY most profoundly indifferent. Then
Woo to the electors indicates the same
negative qualities. "He would not vote for
shortening the duration of parliaments, nor would
he vote against the law of primogeniture ; "
and it may be safely assumed as political sequences
that he would not reetriss entails, or confer upon the
tenant farmers et Eng that protection for their
floating capital—the tenant- ts they are so univer-
sally demanding from the 1
ladstirte
Again, " he would not v the extinotioa of
church rates, unless the diameters lilt allow them
be to paid out of the consolidated fan nor would he
vote for the abolition of the game-la although he
thought landed proprietors would soon pet an end
to game preserving, because it and agricultural im-
provement could not go on together."
These are a few of the negatives by whicli Col.
Taos. WOOD seeks to enlist in his favour the
suffrages of the men of Middlesex. Will such a can-
didote meet the requisitions of the dissenters? Will
such a refusal to vote for the abolition of the game
laws satisfy the game-ridden farmers of the southern
and western parts of the county—and that when the
refusal is coupled with a distinct admission that game
preserving " and agricultural improvement cannot
go on together ?" Has Colonel Taos. WOOD
deigned to look into the evidence before Use game I
committee? Has he no suspicion how much mischief
by game is proved to be acting upon his late consti-
tuents? Oh, but the landlords are of their own free
will to give up game preserving, because it Is inju-
rious; but what signs. are there of their doing se?
Will CoL Tilos. WOOD, inform the electors why this
feudal code is to be continued to protect a system with
which "agricultural improvement cannot go on ?"
Is he aware that the game laws form the great
source of crime in the rural districts ? Does he know
that 4,000 persons are annually convicted of offences
against the game laws; and that home secretaries,
prison inspectors, chaplains of gaols, and all who have
to do with the statistics of crime, or come in contact
with the inmates of our prisons, declare with one voice
that the game laws are unjust and demoralising?
Perhaps the game preserves at Littleton will explain
the blindness of the late member for Middlesex to
The evils of the game laws. Nor are Col. Trios.
Woon's general views of the operation of free trade or
agriculture end commerce such as to entitle him to the
confidence of the Middlesex electors. He has con-
formed to free trade with Sir ROBERT Put. His
mall merit is that of following his leader instead of
running a muck with Lord GEORGE SENTIENCE, a
merit which might perchance entitle him to sit for
pins small borough, as a hopeful political neophyte,
..e but cm give. him no claim on the metropolitan county
-4. constituency. For each a post men of ear clone-
- - iioo.B are required. Ekdia as a protectionist, he tries
• to fake some ambiguous passage in his former address
liflB4l a peg on which to hang the following declara-
tion in favour of Sir R. PEEL'S measures. He said:—
"Since those measures had been purred he saw tenants
Competing for farms at improved rents, and Imam
also that land was selling for a higher price than it
brought before. The late meeting at Northampton
proved to him that the landed gentry were now
finding a subatitate for fox-hunting in attention to the
details of improvement in husbandry." Here again
we dad Co. Taos. WOOD referring to the
amateur attention of the landed gentry to husbandry'
as the means of accommodating the agricultural in-
.
. • . toot to a state of freedom.
One would suppose that there are no farmers in
Middlesex, for tarmers' questions are altogether
omitted. Not a word about leases, not a sentence on
the law of distress : the tenant-right question is un-
noticed ; and all that occurs to Col. Taos. WOOD in
connection with agriculture is, that rents have im-
proved, and that some squires are taking to farming
instead of fox-hunting. Does not this speak volumes
to the intelligent electors of Middlesex P Col. Teas.
WOOD'S sympathies are with the squires ; he think' as '
r o landowner, and a landowner only. lie knows
nothing of industry or the industrious ; hut, having
come into parliament to uphold a monopoly of the
pewle's food, he now seeks to be retained as member
for Middlesex—he, in the eleventh hour, relaxed his
grips on the national subsistence. Such a claim will
never prevail against the intelligent liberalism of Mr.
OSBORN W, who has proved himself a man of such
energy and political promise that even a protectionist
journal, while supporting Col. Taos. WOOD, admits
that Kr. OSBORNE appears everywhere to be -the
. • popular candidate, and that, too, with people of all
parties and persuasions."

2

Ons of the most curious and istereding demmuni-
tias at present in widenos is that at the Sandwich
Wends. There, an a people who yesterday, as
it were, meld rely be regarded as savages, and who
=yet mere infanta in civilisation, we Mod po-
led emanisme yearly ealealig, milk a eta-
adeoadel monarchy soder whisk eiesatim is pro-
' ,and,equitablelaws frameinniadhomed. the
e by whisk this his been
&Wad is
-..' mat Maar le this do meesito
1.0 Permanently settle& among the natives of the
r Santini& Islands there is • population et Rare
. =sr which can sairesly exceed inbsur a 1
individuals of all ages. O Ml et I
• time are (or were—for a amaiderable
Ilea of them have been naturalised) Ameeissa
etftsons, one-fourth English assts; tb,
me most miscellaneous in their engin. Timm Dui.
puns are the merchants, mbeelsasstors, mennho-
twers, and clergymen of W. Sam et times
are planters on an extensive seals. The gewsnare
is vested in thera, queen, and a eleadershiello he.
hinging to the family ; bat the ndosiehientlen is
almost exclusiesagentrinted to minikiass 'sleeted bele
wag the Escrepsan settlers. Alm Illaiiim at
. iinialace, Pabli• Instroctoo, and Foreign
_Andre—
' Attemey and Solicitor-Genani—the heads of the
. and Timmy dominants —the Chief
the Said of the espial, and several
of are either dareloas or Eng-
, The Miaow maw is which tholes
. *rite J Om dellissil Mew emir their
• - meresibaig hoe ambled then la lobe and
Moth did wlllintinpele of law—to ertabi an
, ad heamausit dues of civil govensment—
the. stolid. el which industry and commerce
age de European and the high caste
motive race ineming one by intormarriages,
and the ' a obi somety from a barbarous
to a civilised stab diluted with Mews& cele-
rity, and &the& paillitsinagis
For this goad credit is MOM et lea dee to all
the sect& above enumerated ; bid is an especial
manner to Mr. JUDD, now, in his ospatityof Minister
of Finance, the legislator and ruler of the Sandwich
Islands. To the comprehensive views and Arm cha-
racter of that gentleman is the present satisfactory
condition of the whole group mainly. attributable.
The ascendency
.which his character gives him, both
over the aborigines and the European settlers and
visitors, has prevented collisions between them, ~and
has compelled foreign epeernments to abstain from
meddling with the intermit affairs of the islands. The
foundations of a civilised state have been laid, and the
rearing of the sapordrestato far advanced, by
1
efforts, within the epees of a quarter of a oat
The intellectual, meal, ad religious character of
Hawaiian people will he east in the English
they are de facto a 64,0_4 the United States.
This North American union has now its colonies,
as well as its parent monntry, England. Rightly
viewed, all the u territories " of the IJIDOD which
have grown up, or are growing up into states, am
colonies; but the continuity of territory in the case
of most of them causes an apparent difference. The
remoteness of the American settlements in Oregon,
California, and the Sandwich Islands, renders their
analogy to our English over-sea colonies more obvi-
ous.
In all of these regions American settlements
have been founded and are certain to endure. The
proclamation of Governor KEARNEY to the Califor-
nians, and the at the Governor of Oregon to
hie extemporised • , are evidence that these ter-
ritories and their inhabitants are to stand henceforth
in a relation of dependence to the government at
Washington. The settlers in Oregon will be in a
great measure of unmixed Anglo-American race. The
descendants of the Mormon settlement in California
will in time occupy the whole land as surely as those
of the Pilgrim Fathers exclusively possess NW
England. The connexion of the Sandwich Islands

.z.*"

nor Union will be less close, less the
result
it4miredleintl oonnexion, than of the
boodle et arising from the preponderance
of Am* -as among the first missionaries and settlers
thorn, cv Inned by the greater repair of American
whalers as aserehantmen to those islands than of any
other m and to the necessary increase in their
majority, • that the Columbia and the Bay of San
Francisco. become American ports. The north-
eastern shot,. f the Pacific and its nearest island
groups are in the progcea of settlement, and their
commerce with that of the surrounding regions is
about to be developed by American, as surnly as the
same work is briny l'ected on its south-western
coasts and the adjoin. ~ island groups by British,
colonists. What the Ano.tn;ian settlements and New
reaboad are to Great Britain; Oregon and California,
with the Sandwich Islands, are about to be to the
Staten.
is matter of congratulation L. Great Britain,
not of jealousy. The joint labhurs of England and
America are required to reclaim the Penile for the
profitable ass of civilised men. 'Between them—to
say nothing of the secondary efforts -of-other nations
—that wean, with its continental shores and islands,
which at the beginning of the present century were
scarcely turned to any account by civilised men, are
rapidly becoming u much frequented, and converted
to as profitable purpose, as those of the Atlantic.
It will be a useful lesson to our countrymen—though
we fear scarcely flattering to their vanity—to con-
trast the manner in which the Americans have done
their work is the Hawaiian, with the manner in
which we are doing our work in the New Zealand,
group. But this mast be reserved for another paper.

IT would be impassible to produce a stronger ex-
emplification of the magrik power of the word repeal
upon the Irish than theAsumstance of the Dublin
election. It had been completely abandoned to the
tories. Every liberal of respectability shrunk from
the contest. Mr. /end O'Coissmi, was bowed out
by the supporters of his family on the plea that both
real and funds were wanting. Yet, at the eleventh
hour, a repealer of no note whatever having chanced
rather than oared to stand, the people ralhdd round
him, and the mere people, without leaders de, or-
ganisation, as in the revolution of July, carried the
day. Some might think that the return of the
Liberator's remains to the capital of Dublin acted like
ZIeKA'S akin stretched on a drum, to awake the old
and somewhat dormant spirit of repeal.
The event does not is the least impugn our remarks
yesterday, written on the supposition that the tories
bad triumphed. The causes of liberal backwardness,
and of presumed defeat, are there most truly explained
and laid down. And the result does but corroborate
the observation. The ultra-conservatives were little
satisfied with either GREGORY or GROGAN. TRESHAM
GREGG denounced them, and Mr. REYNOLDS declared
on the hiudings that he had many promises of con-
servative plumper". The result for the future is oven
more important than for the present. Dublin is
added to the list of those metropolitan constituencies,
where nothing abort of extremes will go down.
Maui' journals of Thursday, with our usual
patesillOndenef, reached us yesterday, and the follow-
ede4 in part of our last evening's issue.
r
• in the course of his tour in the south of
Frame, has visited Mareeilles,where he has had a most
brilliant and enthusiastic reception. The merchants,'
public functionaries, and the most respectable inhabi-
teats joined in giving him a banquet. The students of
the public schools manifested great enthusiasm on the
occasion, the career of M. Timers being presented to
them as one well worthy of their emulation. It will
be recollected that Marseilles is the birth.plaos
of this distinguished statesman aid historian, and that
he received his education at the Lyceum of that city.
M. Thiess was born there on the lath April, 1797, of
parents in the humblest rank.
Serious disturbances have broken out at Lisieux, the
pre cause of which is the high price of grain.
The !iindttelerence of the local authorities, aided by the
police, became necessary, and on the 2nd forty.dx
persons had been arrested.
M. Tuja, councillor and secretary-general of the
prefecture of the department of the Haute Loire, has
resigned his situation, because, as he nays in a letter
to the prefect: "Shameless nepotism, corruptioi,
Tensity, rapine, are everywhere ; the public fortune
is abandoned to shameless waste, and the considera-
tion and honour of the "wintry are degraded in the
most deplorable manner." M. Tuja adds, that a
" pure air us necessary to him, and he cannot live in
an infected atmosphere."

The Madrid journals and correspoadenee of the 31st
tilt. have been received. Advicee say Gen. SerMao
is likely to accept an important poet. The journals
contain s paragraph, invested with an air of affected
mystery, respecting a grave measure which has become
indispensable, and about which the cabinet have had
several discussions, all of which means, and is intended'
to be so understood, that a divorce is indispensable,
as well for the peace and happiness of the sovereign
as for the respectability and the security of the king.
dom. Msetemolinist skirmishes continue in Catalonia.

MADRID, Lox 31.
The palatse-tossellv wW wilbst nee
any party costened ale lashing to settle ape*,
beet entomb IhnsiallllN by a Peaceable
nook hats henyhetdyannelung evidently to it
esiointionary him. The King's attempt to take 'I
plooe as it ware by storm' as soon as it was vaeaM
by lb royal address, is the unmistakeable evidence ef
a assign to set himself up in the capital as the
of a resolutioesry faction of the nioderadoc
had succeeded in this bold design—l mean, of
admittance into the royalAlcazar, and making
-master ofdlis, which is the strongest fortram in Madel4l
he would have had copious opportunities of is as.
council with the chiefs of the army, serylebt
have lifted the, standard of-revolt with some dooms
or woos. He might have kindled at had
a deft war, in the very heart of the
n. Nearly all the effieseettitentheonmplokyint
the meyy are moderation. The ' Which
the Qapp has made in &veer the pereedsts, of
which party so many distinguished smodies have
latsiy hem recalled from exile, the decree of a 11101 -
Is Arguelles, and other si whisk' have
(to ans a Spanish oriental phrase) whitened the
ban of the liberals, and lifted their hopes of
a speedy acoemion to power, have been, of mums,
gall and wormwood, motives of eaters tear
and dittylounde, to their political enemioNwitserhatede
sEned with blood, which is seldom saaverged in
8 when the occasion offers. Thee is no doubt,
whatever podasitme of loyalty may be made at pre-
mot by modliestrolb, that, if ties assured
el the to power,
mils It= of with des swiftness of
hails
holiest of self-prwarealiss. Ile mould at once
istiontili their swards against ;111 iimme=t. Even
if they wore safe from a sexisseVeletton under a
ft quite evident
Craggy ararlairskahre Aloes Mid emoluments,
to which they cling shied as mach as to life.
The King has seized the hisele of thesa•Jeare te
hold himself in reserve as the bead of the moderados,
in case they should be driven to revolt by the advent
td -*sir enemies to power. In doing so he has
gained an army, while they have pined a chief,
whom name would sound as well for a rallying cry as
that of Carlos VL The present ministers, well aware
of these dangers, acted well in scotching the snake at
the palace door. Once inside, it might have defied
them. At the Pardo, it is autos easy to get up a pro-
nunciamento. Comings sad gained notable peados
to such a place are observed, commented te, and
pat people on their guard. Nothing there can bedew
dam,
clam, and if suspicion are excited the remedies are
easy. It is not a fortress. But if any more attempts
such as that on the palace should be made, it is easy
to see what will be their upshot. The King will be
removed toe place of security ; perhaps the Castle of
Segovia may be selected for his residence. There is
no doubt that he and his adAhittve done their best
to incense the Queen, whose 've nature may at
some unexpected moment b into some strong
maturate. •The studied insult if the grandees ab-
senting themselves from the levee of the 24th, Rae
not mended matters. There is little doubt but thee;
in the cabinet councils lately held coercive mss
sures have been suggested with regard to the dis-
posal of a royal person that would be far Irma
suggesting agreeable idea's to his mind, if they came
to his knowledge. This, then, is the turn which the
palace-question ts taking. Meanwhile, the present
ministers may be looked upon as a sort of mezzoter-
mine, a dyke which holds apart from mingling in
conflict the agitated elements of the two great parties.
Concha, who is daily expected here, or at La Gra*,
would be, no doubt, a great card for them—en

,

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