The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-31 00:00:00

• what they looked upon as a serious egpe.'see. It was this
que.tl'n of rates--of hard money actually to be paid —that
: had hitherto been the direct obstacle, and would, !". feared,
I for many yeses, be tie indirzet o'et ale to sahitory imp-ore-
, men ts bring undertaken by the inhabitants of towns then-
. selves. There was tnnething in the sound of the word
" rate,'• which stood against cleanliness, health. induStry,
and all the virtues. (Hear, hear.) He feared that in the
first instance some additional outlay would be required if
anything was to be dono in the way of promoting the public
health ; but it was only the necessary tribute which property
mast pay in order to save the lives of those who were obliged
to earn their bread by 'he sweat of their brow, though he
had no doubt the owners of property would in the end find
their advantage in the inestimable advantages which the I
improvement of the public health carried in its own train.
But besides this, on the ground of economy, the advantages I
of such a measure were rot to be slighted. He could not
refrain from qu ning some evidence Oil this point:—
Dr. Lyon Playfair estimated the lon from unaseewary death and
sickness for England and Wales at 11,000,0001., and the United King-
dom at 2s,noo,throt. There were the items of expense which Dr. Play-
fair reckoned were incurred under the present system, or rather want
of system—direct attendance on the dirk ; Ices of what they would
have earned ; premature death of productive contributors to the
national wealth; and mornde of premature funeral,. Dr. Mayfair
, estimated the low for Manchester at nearly 1,000,0001; Mr. Dentis-
try escalated the loss fur Nottingham at 300,0004 • Mr. Clay esti-
mated the Ices for Freston at 990,0001. ; Mr. Coulthai took the to a
for Ashton-under-Lyne at 235,0001.; and 1/r. Mayfair omaidered the
toes of this metropolis to be above 2,500,0301.; and estimated the
total loss to England and Wales at little short of 11,000,6n0/.
Mr. Cu,, referring to the health of towns, Newt " I Mull
say nothing of the liquid manure which, ass I have been given to sin- 1
&rebind, is suffered to drain away into the ditches, thence Into the
rivers, and from them into the see, from fully one-half of all the
farmsteads of England, I will speak merely of the unappropriated ro-
tome of large towns. In klenders, where manure is carefully cols
freed. Instead of being, as here, suffered to ran to waste, the excrete
of an adult is valued at If. 19s. Considering the enormous additions
made to this manilla in our towns, it will not be thought unreasonable
to estimate the value of that part of the refuse which now run to waste
at 21. per head of the population; and supposing that In Engan
or in Wales the towns which are guilty of this extrava.
pace contain in all only 5,000,000 inhabitants, we shall have an
annual waste of at least ten millions of money." Mr.
limith, of Drennan, also expressed his opinion that•—"Tlking a
general view of the subject, we may assume a clear revenue of the
sewer water of all towns of 11. for each inhabitant." Dr. Arndt said
that "715 value of town manure might be estimated by the fact,
tint a portion of the drainage of Edinburgh his increased the value of
time blade by rive than 5,0001. a year, and that, if the whole drain.
egg at tartan ovoid be wed, so a sufficient distance from the town,
the ea tie wenkl esened 500,000 f. a year." Dr. Arnett observed
est Miles had bebelhted to a great extent by the adoption of such
1111DOINVOI DS seiggeoted he then went on to say that It
bee been es/plated that, whereas the cesspools cannot be emptied
by mightn't's kir Ina than 19s. a year, and whereas water-entriers
get a 4d. for a pailful of enter at the door, an additlott of Id.
to the rent, per week, will eullice for the expense of water.
'lnset., and of an unlimited supply of water for every house; and
that the entire sanitory purposes contemplated under all the moon,
nserdatione of the If ealth of Towns Committee, may be wocured for
Ilid. a week per how." These calculations might be looked upon as
sanguine, but thaw nelsons who were best acquainteu with the sub.
pet knew that much was to benne with regard toeconorny, by adapt.
Ind efficient sanitary regulations." Mr. Itelland, d Manctcater,
lilted that in twenty ate eta in Charlton-on-Medlock, the mortality
hit bun 110 to 89 per mum% after, and no doubt principally in
comeequenee of, the streets bring properly paved and drained. Mr.
Gardiner and Mr. Noble had confirmnt the result by showing
that, In eertain streets In St. Georges district Manchester,
the deaths in 18,% 1639 amounted to 495 ; but that in
1841, 1642, after the to were paved and sewn:el, the deaths were
.tea diminution of 53 or abort In a &Inlet

_
la Awaits, • amast at atemilmeataf 1711. ea about caeaeveath,
followed a similar trapreammt. ISO •AU mete sulking iambs.
Me *Ms same fact rail*. la lima war lima liar= contained

In nor. Liddle's evitienoelekee the Health Commission: " Windmill. an. BROTHERTON also offered his tribute of thanks to
most, in Rosemary-lane, M. one of the most unhealthy In my di.- the government for this important measure. There were
trim. It was unpaired and filthy, and with Megnant water before
the houses. I used to visit It sometimes two or three times • dal
many difficulties, no doubt, to be overcome, lint he hoped
for fever cues. Asset II months ago it was lagged ; it was l and believed they would all be soceenfully met.
supplied with water from a large cam-Iron tank, which en. Mr. P. HOWARD trusted thin bill would give a new im-
Ales the inhabitants to have a constant supply, instead of an inter- petus to the utility of corporate bodies and lead them to
mount one, on three days a week. The court is regularly washed look at local improvements, rather than intermeddle with
down twice a week, and the drains are so laid that all the water 'ides. He paid a tribute to the utility of the labours of
pries through the privy and carries off the soil, whieh was formerly
a mart foul nuisance, and a constant expense to the landlord. In re. Reid, in connexion with the subjects generally.
the seven months ending March, 1543, I attended 41 new came of Leave wee then given to bring in the bill.
sickness in that court ; in the last four or five months I have had but ARMY SERVICE BILL.
Moment. The tent is better paid, and the tondionl is considered to Mr. F. MAULE moved the order of the day for le coon-
have made a good thing of the improvement., which are executed at veinal of Chic bill.
his own ripest* There is no doubt
fine of of the tooto' lox to pay the rent.` On ski's' le Ile Me' common Oa the motion that the SPEAKIER do leave the chair,
In so oompreheusive a subject there might be many imper- Sir H. DOUGLAS roes, pursuant is notice, to move, as
fcctions. Many oversights might be discovered in the bill an amendment, that the bill be committed that
which he proposed to bring M. He could only say that it day six months. He commenced by saying,. that
was framed with an honest intention, and with a single view they possessed, on this important subject, an =dimity
to the public good. (Hear, hear.) And unfeignedly thank- higher and greater than any in any ape or in any country,
ful would he be if the result of the measure, having obtained sod if the government had been able to show that this
the unction of parliament and the crown, should be to do in measure had received the sanction of shoe great authority,
some degree what they aimed at, namely, to diminish, es far he (Sir H. Douglas) should en this union have waived ell
as in them lay, those noxious influences within their reach, opposition. But in the =wage of the Cimumnder-in•Ohief's
which so afflicted their towns and cities ; to hunt down the favourable opinion he should proceed tsioonsider the effete
prevailing causes of general unhealthiness ; to let in more of this bill on the army, believing that be should be able to
of pure rir, and pure water, and by so doing to diminish as show that it would have thy-most serioaireffiets both ion the
far as they could these epidemic diseases which now and soldier and on the diaciplino sf the service. First, nto the
then committed such fearful ravages ; to wage war every. solstice. There wee, now in the Betide army 10,130
where against filth and stench, the causes of languor, of soldiers who had served above be years, and 17,00iwho had
bodily weakness, of fever and death-dealing pestilence, and served above 10 =deader ne years. Sow, as the bill was.
thereby, as they hoped, to lengthen tho lives and add to the first brought into that hones, all these-27,000 merimould
happinem of their fellow-countrymen. (Cheers.)
have been thrown loose, a measure the consequences
Mr. MACKINNON said the noble lord deserved thanks of which, in various of the world, would.
for introducing the bill, and for encountering so much oppo- have been most . entre:using. But the army
alien as it would create. He hoped it would have success, was saved from this dueful presenting by some
at present unknown gnedisn of Britubs interests.
and be as beneficial to this country as the measure of the
He denied that any superior Ilan of men se ould be induced
right hon. gentleman the Secretary for Ireland was likely to
to enter the army, meths miserable promo it held out by this
peeve to Ireland. Nothing perhaps would more effectually
measure of sixpence &day after-thirty-1c sr •years" service. !tit
show the great benefit of such a measure than the fact that toll, why wee it not ap-
seventy years ago, when Lord Anson was making his voyage were
. so geed a plan il"ma
1 round the world in the Centurion, he lost 270 men out of a crew Plied to the whole MIRY •
- - ' I.47Cecopinir there should be a
*(960, from tbewant of good ventilation. It was not supposed pensten fer nrviee if whatever duration, corresponding
senior to
that five per cent. would be lest in making the same voyage the perionof service—not lee,-o for twe-styne years' t
new. It was impossible to calculate the saving of life which than Is, a day; and shouldthe fail to west the progress. of
the bill inthe pressure stags; he shou'd in committee cove
this bill would effect. The more he considered the subject,
the more be was inclined to think it would be something ex-
an amendment to this effect. Und ar the present system
trzordinary. There was one subject, however, which the
there 1•1111.2.1 *UV 'S sepply• 30 recruit,. who made no at:pule-
noble lord had omitted to speak of', namely, the removal of lion as tcilimiten berme. In the rest two years therm had
cemeteries from large and populous districts. He should been 370= men enlisted, and the man of these of the best
and meet legitimate elms. for seldlers—±e agricultural
like to know from the noble lord if he intended to include
any provision on this subject in the bill ? elms ; f in, as a general. rule, the men of the higher
local scale wee. far
Lord MUI4PETH mid that the subject of the present bill glasses than,
iadthesetem
less ode peed,
enald the
the worst of ea' were the.pentle-
was considered to be large enough in itself. The subject of
Inuamural interment') was under the eenadereejen a the semi p Antes, fee these In the =Wipe» were dnappeatteo,
men,who hod taken refuge in
die= meted, reetleurnisilesi
1911fferfUllent. army as a. last sesouree. He contended
Cal. T. WOOD thought it would be unconstitutional if
the committee of the privy council were to hove the power 'chancere introduced. H ted a
thredrvi 112ksereoserotrildbe be no of due discipline in the army
of repealing the different local sets of parliament. It weukl if th' a limitation of service we ...
mind
be more constitutional if after the different diatricte were le tee r from an officer recalling to. rus the vasuoorcuna-
awaked out by the cemmissiosers, the noble lord were so to in and disorganisation which had been excited throughout
tl is army by the similar previsions of Mr. Wyndham's
nose to parliament with • bill to repeal them
Lord LINCOLN said that ail the provisions which the • ct. One great feature of our system of enlistment
noble lord stated to be in his till were containedin Miss he 'we s that it was accompanied with the. power at
which he (Lord Lintels) had introduced, with the sump. eel .ection, whence the acknowledged Optical sups-
den of the ventilation of large buildings, and the prevention ri ority of our troops over than of any other army.
of smoke, both of which he thought the noble lord would , '1 :he bill professed to limit the diltion of colonial service,
find more difficult to be dealt with than heseemed to andel- I•me of the greatest of the soldier's gnevanses. To do this,
pate. There wore two or three points on which the noble he feared that under the new system the military force of the
bed's bill differed from the one he had the honour to introdne country must be very much incensed. In proportion to the
The noble lord said he felt it necessary to provide an hater _ number and distance of the outguards of en army must be
body. Now, in order to carry out the system of
t7teninneVeurourilteuadicenartain prof
antral auttontil. mcdoilynouer•dt wit
,t,
mainthmoerefrequent relief or the outguards, as well as longer rest
pate in that sweeping condemnation of centralisation 'eh' oh for the main body, be believed that our army must be M-
ums persons indulged in, but he thought that the nr , creased by eight or nine battalions. The expense of tianspori
lord was running the ask of extending that principle too fee would also be very much increased ;he had no doubt but
by the proposition before the house, end he was afraid th e re- that it would be doubled by the proposed elcinge. It
salt would betoo minuenainterference in localaffain v ibieb had been said that in India many soldiers remained after
ought to be left to persons resident on the spot, who b their period of service from choice. That was an argu-
immediate interest in them He (Lord Lincoln)peopes, liti It
ha:
meet against the bill. With limited enlistment, the soldier
the central authority should reside with the Seen ,may of would have no inducement to remain, as, at the term of his
State for the Home Department to the same extent that he service, hie military habitswould be but imperfectly formed,
exercised authority with respect to prisons, and be and he would take the alternative of leaving the army alto-
thought that this was quite sufficient. TT le noble gether, Another thing of which he would remind the
lord proposed to constitute an entirely ne w weed house, was the revenue derived from discharges. Hitherto,
fur the supenntendene of public health, to beer
..peeed of it had defrayed all the expenses of the recruiting service.
paid commissioners and two ministers of the cue vu, one of Under the proposed bill, that revenue would be effectually
whom was to be the Commissioner of Woods a' id Forests, done away with. He thought he had shown that the bill
and the organ of the board in that house. He thought it would be disadvantageous, not only to the soldier, but to the
would be impossible for the Chief Commissioner of Woods to masses from which he sprung, and that it was uncalled for
bestow that attention to the subject, consider ng the other by any necessity, either professional, constitutional,
duties which devolved upon him, which woe'
.d enable him political, or economical, and was, moreover, against
fitly to represent the board is that bone. If e confessed he all the dictates of experience and prudence. Hi-
lookeelvrith jealosny.on throe paid commissio nee, and had a therte the only reward for the soldier, after a career of
groat objection on principle to the conatruesio nof new beards. gallantry, was about 151. a year ; but, under the new plan, it
He was aware they might be desirable in some instances. would be only 81. a year. The hon. and gallant member
But the more they multiplied the partite . upon whom the concluded by moving his amendment.
responsibility devolved, the less likely ww .ft that the public Major LAYARD said that if the gallant officer who had
woad be well served. The noble loci
e. should, before the moved the amendment asked why an alteration should be
sesond reading, be prepared to "Pladis ' ally the entire plan made, he would answer became it unjust. The gallant officer
involved in the measure. The title whir A had been given to said crime had decreased in the army, but he had not told
the board, "the Commission of Health and Public Works," them that 28,000 men a year were convicted of crime,
appeared rather ominous. tither. we ce any great scheme that 3,000 a year deserted, that 3,350 suffered corporal
involving the sups rintendence of pels tic works, it should be punishment in three years, and that in the cavalry
stated before the house was saked t 1 anent to the second the suicides were one in twenty of the deaths. He
wading. (Hear, hear.) They had, P. right to know fully (Major Layard) had always an objection to calling the sum
what were the functions tehe exere
„sed by the hoard. Now received by the soldier on enlistment a bounty, when, in fact,
• a second great alteration in. the Aar . which he (Lord Lincoln) it was only just sufficient to supply him with necerearies.
proposed two years ago, was in di
.e construction of the local You might educate the soldier—you might Mclean his pen-
hoard. He admitted the& these • rere valid objections to the 6011, but, until he knew he was no longer to be a slave, you
hoard proposed by himself t font the question was one sue- would not get the best description of men, whereas, many a
rounded by difficulties, and he thought he had adopted the thinking man would say, " Here is a service which,
plan which involved the least. What he proposed was, to after ten years, if Ido net like it, I can leave,"
lateeduee a new electoral body . Though he agreed with the and would, therefore, be more likely to enter it.
noble lord that it was not do& cable to add to the turmoil of The hon. and gallant member bad particularly objected to
shisliesta, yet he meat say the t the noble lord had not avoided the period of enlistment being fixed at ten years, because
dot ohisetton by his ea*" . He spoke of .anneting " bits that was not the length of service which ought to entitle a
Of suburbs" to great sine diet-urine towns If he would man to • pension. But the hon. and gallant member forgot
appeal, however, to the sof aitific gentlemen who hod been that, by an extension of service, he would obtain a deferred
associated with the Duke' sf Buceleuch and himself (the Earl pension at a time of life when it wend," be of service to him.
of Lincoln), he would 0 nd that almost invariably in the He admitted that this system of limited enlistment would be
towns visited them ya° ' a strong objection to the conferring productive of inconvenience to commanding officers ; but he
of new powers on municipal bodies. Granting that (Major Layard), would cause that inconvenieace sooner
the duties impelled were coreprinsl in the proper than continue the present system of unlimited enlistment.
functions of eorpor ations, still the municipal bodies The hon. and gallant officer had not served in India sr the
were generally so or an influenced by political feeling, that West Indies, nor had he ever commanded a regiment of
the party which die' . not possess the majority always looked the line. His service had been in the artillery, and
with mistrust and apprehension on any powers of this de- our governments abroad, end no doubt he thought the
smiption, u well f is on the appointment of office», and he system wonted well, because he knew nothing of its under-
wu afraid the of ,ble lord would find that in avoiding oar current, because he had always held a situation above it. He
evil, he had run into another, which would be still greater. ' (Major Layard) thanked her Majesty's government fur this
Another nun • why these functions should not be devolved measure,—it was just and right, and public opinion must
on municipal it .-orporations was, that throughout the kingdom and would carry it. He believed if the colonels of regiments
the natural le :ea of drainage was far more extensive than could be ballotted on the question, they would vote at this
the tnunicite al jurisdiction. In the case of Nottingham, two- moment in favour of limited enlistment. (Hear, hear.) On
thirds of the town would be altogether unrepresented. these grounds he supported the bill.
This diffie ulty the noble Iced proposed to get rid of by an- Mr. S. HERBERT observed that the right hon. gentle-
flexing :suburbs, and, where necessary, even creating man opposite (Mr. F. Maule) was aware that his (Mr. S.
new wirds. If they had to legislate for Manchester Herbert's) opinion that unlimited enlistment was objection-
alone, '..he proposal of the noble lord would, perhaps, be able, was placed on record in the War-office. At the same
superiew to that made by himself, but to many other towns time he thought that the evils of unlimited enlistment had
it we ild be altogether inapplicable ; it would be impossible, been very much exaggerated. Practically speaking, there
by t'-le plan, to meet all the varieties of interest which would was no such thing as unlimited enlistment; on the contrary,
erne. But he especially deprecated the rashness of the noble it was managed by a sort of side wind to prevent the rigour
lead in including London in this bill. (Hear, hear.) He of real unlimited service. Certainly, great means 'of men
ventured to foretell that, in that respect, the measure would served until they completed the period which entitled them
' prove a most signal failure. It was no more possible to to pensions ; but he believed the great majority of men who
embrace in this bill Westminster, Southwark, and ell the entered the army left it after about 16 years' service. This,
other districts which constituted this great metropolis, than from returns on the table, was shown to be the natural time
to legislate for Pane, or any other town on the continent. at which men left the service; and he thought, if the right
When there were so many • gasworks , when there were hon. gentleman opposite (Mr. F. Maule) had by this bill sane-
waterworks extending over • space equal in extent to 30 or honed that term monad of 10 years as proposed ' • 1
his expell-
ee ordinary towns combined ; when there was every species meat would have been of a itch lea. hazardous' character.
of complication as regarded paving, sewerage, and other In continental armies—inin
' France particularly—the service
matters; anti when is the very centre of the metropolis %hero though compulsory was of comparatively short ilurolori, and