The Express.
London, England, 1848-02-24 00:00:00

NOTICE.

Tim number of STAMPS issued to the DAILY NEWS
by the authorities of the Stamp-office, during the year 1847,
Wes:

-- •
From JAN. 1, 0 DEC. 31, 3,447,009
This, we believe, is within eight per cent. of the number
betted to the Morning !Jerald, Morning Chronicle, end
Morntr Poit, ALL YET SOCIETHEIL
Lt dition to the above, issued to the DAILY NEWS,
Morning Paper, there were issued tor the Evening Edition,
THE EXPHERS,
From J ev. 1, to DEC. 31 778,714
Which was more, we believe, than were issued either to
the Globe or Standard, Evening rapers.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
• • Adoerruesarce hatoodel The Experso," Leados
*Mt at the oaes.lo. 60%,•00.0.0.111 tie ticlatt mop Ls, of palle.t..

I;1•;11 WLTIA AT LOTUOT outage.
T.,. 11.,—Mors3itg. AAA. pox lAenArei As ALM. past 5.
1.-L30.0.-114.ea11e&io lon y AMMO" ha W. Pls. 3.

LONDON, THURSDAY, FEB. 24.
BLOOD has again flowed in the streets of Paris—
the blood of the people, and of the military,
placed iu hostile collision with each other by the
puerile and provoking tyranny of its rulers, and
by the wonted susceptibility of its popular masses.
No act, in the present state of constitutional cou:itriee,
could have been more frantically insolent than a
police injunction issued to peers and deputies that
they should not meet to dine, or to talk, or to hold
conference on the subject of reform.
Indignation at the name of freeman and the dig-
nity of Frenchman being thus outraged—shame at
finding themselves literally treated as school-boys,
very naturally aroused the members of the liberal
party to resist, and assert their natural rights.
Before the universally asserted determination to
meet, the ministry quailed, and of course emboldened
the liberals to persevere. Yet at the eleventh hour,
encouraged either by the arrival of fresh forces,
or by a reinforcement of fresh audacity, these
ministers seize the pretext of a proclamation, con-
taining no more than the common and usual lan-
guage on such occasions, to prohibit the meeting,
which up to that moment had been permitted, if not
sanctioned ; the final decision of the right to meet
being left to the courts of justice.
Thus incited to their demonstration, as it is called,
and thus checked at the very moment of commencing
it, the opposition deputies did everything in their
power to avoid fatal collision between themselves and
the people on one side, and the armed force, which
ministers were crowding into Paris, on the other.
They succeeded as far as their immediate party was
concerned, and as far as their counsels and remon-
strances could reach. Bat the mass of the Parisian
people was stirred—stirred as it had not been since
the terrible days of July 1830. They saw almost the
same state of things then as now, the liberal
members of the chamber denied the commonest rights,
and consequently as loudly indignant as M. Guizor
and LOUIS PHILIPPE himself were in 1830, against
the absolute power which, in answer to rightful (12-
mends, threatened them with the police.
The half-informed population, stirred up by the in- I
dignation of the liberals, and by the oscillation of the
government, rushed to the collision. They scaled the
rails of the Chamber of Deputies, besieged the
Foreign-office, threw up barricades, and resisted
or were cut up by cavalry charges. The immensa
army, which the overgrown military estimates of
Louis PHILIPPE and the taxation of the people have
been feeding, have at length been turned to the sole
account for which they were provided—the oppression
of constitutional freedom, and the massacre of the
French people. Of the result we are now informed
and when we consider the superior craft of the
monarch, to support not whose throne, but whose
despotic whims such risk was incurred, we cannot
but be thankful that both throne and people
were not imbrued deep in blood, and irrecoverably
in revolution. Fortunately the ministers and the.
monarch of the day, however culpable in provoking
this resistance, were not, like CHARLES X. and hi,
ministers, sufficiently infatuated to persevere. They
have recoiled, we trust in time, and have shown a
graceful though tardy repentance. On the other
hand the people, it would appear, have equally
shrunk from violence and extremes ; and the resigna-
tion of M. Guizat, with the appointment of a new
minister, though but a semi-liberal one, has still
satisfied the people and allowed the restoration of
-eeuillity.

DIE temper in which Mr. Hyrr'i motion, for a
committee to consider the best means of promoting
the extinction of the slave trade was received by
the House of Commons, on Tuesday is of good
omen. Common sense is at last about to be brought
to bear upon that question. The country and the
legislature will no longer sanction without inquiry
measures professing to contemplate the suppression
of the slave trade, adopted in a state of unreflect-
ing excitement, and advocated by vague and pas-
sionate appeals to amiable sentiment, in a manner
that rather betokens apprehension of reasoning

-.
scrutiny. -
The House of Commons has resolved that this irra-
tional
mode of talking and acting shall no longer be
persevered in. A committee has been appointed to
test is the first place the soundness of our present
anti-slave trade policy, and in the second, should it
be condemned, to recommend a better instead of it.
The committee--and that its members ought never to
lose sight of—is appointed to devise without loss of
time a scheme of action. Its task is not desultory
inquiry, but the collection of information, and its ar-
rangement in such a manner as may form the basis
and recommendation of a plan of action. Its duties
are urgent and practical, not indulgence in dilettante
speculation.
Good grounds for distrust in the soundness of our
present system of slave-trade suppression might be
found, were there no others, in the marked terror dis-
played by its abettors at the mere proposal to inquire.
The very night on which Mr. Hurr moved for his

committee in the Commons, Lord AWHIDEEN
mulgated a manifesto in the Lords, enumerating all
the points of faith which sincere opponents of the
slave-trade are required by his lordship to hold him,
whatever may be the result of the committee's '
quiries. We do not sup et—we know Lord .ke;it.-
DEEN'S latest statistics of the Cuba slave-trade to be
inaccurate ; but waiving that consid. ration for the
moment, we are prepared to show that his own
statements demonstrate the utter end lamentable
inefficiency of the present mode of slams-trade sum%
sion. }Lis lordship, after professing to show that the
slave trads is rapidly approaching to est elect:0401101e
north west coast of Africe, was oblige.. to admit that
the number of slaves landed in the Breeds has of late
greatly increased, and is still increasing. This he
accounted for by stating that those it area were, foe
the most part, obtained front the east mast of Africa,
Well, what does this show? That be efforts of the
combined squadrons of England, Fre see, and Ame-
rica (with assistance from Portuguese men-of-ware
has—done what? Not put down the slave trade, het
merely made it shift its quarters. Take Lord Aso,.
Deem's alvies, and station a naval fon e off those
of tee mat coast of Africa where the slave trade
now most vigorously carried on, and you will
make the slave-traders change the locality of then
operations once more S J long as you trust to natalarmaments to put down the dem trade, yea hen
done as good as nothing until you have girdled the
whole coast of Africa, from the straits of Bente
Mandeb to Cape Nun, with blockelirg
At what annual cost could this be effected? Hoe
long must it be persevered in ?
It must be obvious to every one who exercises the
common sense nature has given him that any ram
press.on, or appereet suppression, of the slave trade,
effected by naval armaments, can only be local see
tempi:eery, so long as there arc communities occupy.
ing an immense lice of coast wh, re abundance of
slaves can be procured readily at a low prim, me
emirs:unities similarly situate-don the other side of
the ocean where slaves sell readily for high prises.
The temptation to engage in the baffle is toe greet._
the means possessed y the aggregate civilised ua.
tions of the earth to maintain an anti-slavery blockade
of both coasts too limited—to bring the extinction ,
of the trade by forcible means within the range of
possibility. The evil is apparently suppress, dat one
place, but only to break out with nate r virulence at
another; and when the means of suppression ere
brought to bear on the new markets, it revives in the
old localities. This is the brief history of our pea.
nacioas attempts to put dews :he olive tree by
armed cruisers since the era of a general pew*.
The principle to which we have above referred--
that where supply and demand coexist to a great
extent, and over a large surface, all attempts forcibly
to prevent the intetcourse ond exclumee thence aris-
ing must be fatile--suggests of itself the only means
of extinguishing the slave trade. If you can furnish
the Africans with strong motives rot tee sell 'laves to
foreigners yo't FO far to extinguish the slave trade.
If you can fuinish slave-owners v. ith motives for abs.
lisinng slavery the victory is won. Are there any
means by v.hich these two great ends may be pa
misted I,
The admits +tile and well-timed speech of Mr. fen-
cers points out the means by which the propensity of
the Afrienn tribes to deal in slaves, if not extin-
guish: d, may be reduced to a minimum. That gee.
tleman spoke not of what might he done, but of
what he had himself done. By sending direct from
Emeland the goods which the slavers must mecum by
a circuitous route, he was enabled to undersell them,
and, at all the ports he traded to induce the natives
to deal withhim in preference. By terming to deal
in slaves he gave a stimulus to the production of na-
tive c, nenedities, and found ample employment for
the whole community at home. In every emporium
along the coast where Mr. JACKSON'S agents
establisked themselves no slaves were te be procured
by foreigners for love or money. And al important
fact stated by Mr. JACKSON shows that the habits of
regular industry developed under his auspices were
rapidly humanising the natives—rendering them et
once more intelligent and lees ferocious. " I recol-
lect," he said, "that the first vessel we freighted to
Africa carried out 1,000 barrels of gunpowder and
10,000 muskets ; our last vessel contained nut a single
barrel of powder nor one musket; but among its
cargo was 1.3(501. worth of household furniture."
Mr. JACKSON'S house we bel:cve was among the
first—if not indeed the first—to engage with mew
and on a large scale in this honourable, and only
effective, mode of warriug against the African slave
trade ; but it was not long left without competitors,
and it has had many successors. Along the whole
coast from the Gambia (where Mr. FOSTER'S de-
mand for ground nuts has had precisely the same
effect as Mr. JACKSON'S demand for palm oil has had
in other quarters) to the Camaroons, and even further
south, the same experiment has been tried, and al-
ways with the same success. The only impediments
to a vet wider extension of the system have come
from the mischievous meddling of the anti-slavery
squadron, and of British statesmen. British
vessels engaged in the legitimate trade with Africa
have beer, so wantonly annoyed and hampered by the
cruisers, that iu not a few instances their owners
have retired from the business in disgust. The Messrs.
JAMIESON had laid the foundation of a prosperous
trade to the Niger Delta, when the greet humbug
expedition, sanctioned and promoted by Sir ROBERT
PEEL and Lord JOHN RUSSELL, with its model farm
and lavish presents to the chiefs, by glutting the mar-
ket with English goods givengratt's, rendered trading
impossible.
With regard to the other branch of the true slave
trade suppress:, g policy, it must be noted that the
countries inhabited by European races, in which negro
slavery exists, are on the eve of being reduced to
three—in one of which there is a strong feeling
against the slave-trade, supported by a wealthy inte-
rest that would be injured by its resumption. No
power on earth could re-establish negro slavery in the
British West belies. The free black working popu-
lation is there so numerous and intelligent, that the
attempt to keep any portion of the community in
slavery would be as hopeless as an attem'et to enclave
any portion of our English labourers. The initiative
of emancrpatioa has been taken in the French and
Dutch ettleme nes; and the history of St. Domingo
teaches what must be the result of receding from
such a cournimoement. In America, negro slavery
still prevails ; but, to say nothing of the risk of dis-
solving the Union, which would be the consequence of
outraging the northern detestation of the slave trade
by resuming it, the slaveholders in Virginia would
oppose such a measure from interested motives. The
only Europeanised countries which have at this time an
interest in continuing the slave trade are Brazil and
the Spanish colonies. Now, even on the assumption
that it is impossible to abolish slavery in these coun-
tries, it can be shown that the recent partially in-
creased activity of the slave trade in both can be bat
of limited duration. There is a point beyond which
it becomes unsafe to increase the slave population by
yearly supplies, of kidnapped savages. long before
CLARKSON'S time this point was repeatedly reached
by more than one British colony, and earnest and
urgent petitions were addressed by the settlers in
Barbedoes, fem., to the British government, praying
that a check might be put to the excessive imports-
lion of untamed Africans. No one has visited Cuba
or those parts of Brazil which are most dependent
upon slave labour, but must be aware that both coun-
tries are verging to this point of danger, if, indeed.
Cuba has not already reached it. Both in Cabs and
Brazil the question how this dangerous element of
society —continuedaccessions of savage and exasperated
slaves—may be avoided ; and if the plan proposed by
many practical men—and recommended by Mr.
JACKSON with all the weight of his experience—for
re-establishing the prosperity of our free British
'agar colonies, by large immigrations of free African
labourers, be energetically acted upon, there can be
little doubt that the example of these colonies will
soon be followed by Cuba and Brazil, and with the
extinction of slavery, the slave trade will be extin-
gulahed also.
There are many, we know, who, linable to resist
the force of these arguments in favour of the pacific
mode of suppressing slavery and the slave trade, will
yet cling to their beloved dream of forcible suppres-
sion, and struggle for a compromise. We shall be
told—it was alleged in the House of Commons on
Tuesday—that ?Sir. JACKSON and others have suc-
ceeded under the protection of our cruisers. Let
these gentlemen speak for themselves, and they will
tell you their only obstructions have come from our
cruisers. Nay, more: it only requires to read the
evidence ia the case " Buron v. Denman," and the
extracts we gave from correspondence produced on
that occasion, to show that our suppressive
system is introducing additional feuds and wail

I'

among the natives, and teaching them new lessons
of rapine and deceit. Comuarce, as conducted
by Mr. JACKSON, humanised the natives with
whom he dealt; Captain Dxstataa's negotiations with
his allies in burning the barracoons, has only made
those worthies greater adepts in murder aid treachery.
We are increasing African demoralisation by our
suppressive system. The scheme for suppressing
slavery by armed force, and the scheme which we
have been recommending, are incompatible—
they cannot be combined. The first step to
the adoption of a more comprehensive and
efficient anti-slavery pokey most be the with-
drawal of our African squadron. To this conclusion
we are moved, not so much by the considerations of
the cost in money and in human lives—though these,
too, must be taken into account—as by its proved in-
efficiency and mischievousness. It has not made
slaves iii Cuba and Brazil a dollar dearer on the ave-
rage of years; and it has taught African chi, fs shock-
ing lessons in the arts of extortion and murder. _

The Pedria, of Florence, has the following from
Rome, dated the 121 :—" The Holy Father hits in-
vited several theologians, among whom were Father
Ventura and Father Perrone (a Jesuit), to give their
opinion as to whether it would be harmony with
the rights of the Iloly See, to grant a eonsti!ution to
his Roman subjects. The theologians declared unani-
mously that, i; such were his pleasure, it was feasible,
without prejudicing the inalienab!e rights of the pon-
tificate.
The civic magistracy of Florence, in its sitting of
the 12th, resolved unanimously topresent a respectful
address to the grand duke, praying, in accordance
with the last malt pruprio, which promises a national
representation, that it may be founded on the princi-
ples of the Sardinian and Neapolitan constitution, and
particularly that Cite legislative power may be collec-
tively with the prince and two chambers.
It is said that the Marquis of Brignole-Sale, Sar-
dinian ambassador at Paris, will be appointed Presi-
dent of the new Chamber of Peers,. and will be sue-
ceedel in the Paris mission by M. do San :Slarzano,
the present Minister of Foreign Affairs.
The principal arrangements or the Italian customs'
league are, according to the Corriere Mercantile, a
Genoa yourn:-.1, as follow :
1. The absi,lice unim of the territories as records custom-
house duties.-2. Uniiormity of eustim-house laws serving u
alhate of the ;: coin« rein! eel .tions M the whole 1 ague with
foreign eountr:es.-3. Uniturmity cf currency.-4. Unifor-
mity of weigiva tind measures.-5. Uniformity in the navi-
gation laws.—b. Unifirinity of laws relative to mr in priyi-
kges of the public revenue.-7. Uniformity in the laws
regulating industrial and literary property, &c., &c. —B.
Uniformity of public weights ive,ssary to regulate, according
to eircurnat,Eted, the position of producers.
Letters hum Naples of the 11th, given in the San-
hinn Mere try, relate teat an indescribable enthusiasm
broke out in that city in consequence of the proclama-
tion of the constitution. The populace surrounded
the palace, crying "Viva it Ito." Michael Viscuso,
a sort of Neapolitan Ciceroaccido4belongiug to the
class of lar.caroni, bud gained an ascendancy
over his fellows, and brcught them to order. A
deputation of them, consisting of delegates from
each quarter of Naples, headed by Viscuso, waited on
the king at the: palace, who received Ultra graciously.
Her majesty afterwards drovo through the city in an
open curriui;e, and was everywhere received with
enthusiasm.

ROME. Flu. It.
I broke off my last letter at post hoar, in the very
midst of a popular demonstration, which continued to
a late peried of the ni4ht, and exhibited symptoms of
unmistakeable deterciination to get the power of the
state into respnsible Lands, and to exercise vigilant
control over ministers.
The rumour of Austrian occnpction of Tnseany, as
well as of Parma and .Nlolena, has stirred up a spirit
here of desperate rage and defiance. The Pope is not
free from the ecucral feeling, and talked yester-
day, in the event of their violating his frontier, of
" mounting on horseback, proclahniug a religious
war, and Munching an excommunication." This
comes fi om parties not likely to misletul or exaggerate.
Lord Shrewsbury has despatched to Home the Rev.
Peter Connolly, an American priest (formerly of the
church of England, whose wife has retired to a
nunnery here), to meet with documentary evidence
the various statements and quibbles by which the
fact of indifference if not connivance at agrarian out-
rage and landlordicide on the part of certain " vener-
able" archdeacons, &e. &c., is sought to be palliated.
Some remarkable passages about ie " aristocracy of
the land," and the duties of subjects to the represen-
tative of royalty in Ireland, culled from O'Higgins,
with tit-bits from the pond"... us verbosity of
Mac Hale, will not a little r.stonhli due Vatican. Mr.
Connolly is highly respected at I:).ne. The remark-
able attendance of clerical mourners at the funeral of
Brian Seery (who was hanged for a murderous assault
on Sir Francis Ilopkins) is a feature in the business
not forgotten.
The French journal Le Taphole, which was ushered
in with a flourish of trumpets to demolish English
influence in Italy and It nne, has o:ed still-born. So,
I am sorry to add, has the Tuscan Athenceam, which
arose this year in Florence, stimulated by the grow-
ing success of the Roman Advertiser. However,
there is an attempt to revive it under the title of
Florence Record, to be managed by one " Captain
Joussif," a person not likely to command much popu-
larity.
He is a sort of Florentine Joseph Ady, per-
petually inserting advertisements holding forth lucra-
tive and " genteel" employment to persons of unoccu-
pied capital, a portion of which is of course to
be safely deposited with him in the first
instance. Galignani has felt it a duty to notice
his doings, and several of his epistles have come
to my cognisance' which warrant the strictures of the
Parisian oreele ; but, like the quaker " accountant,"
the "captain" is as pachidcrmous to such shafts as
any rhinoceros.
Gibson has just shit fed for your ltoyal Academy
Exhibition an " Aurora" of matchless grace and love-
liness. It is accompanied by a "Lavinia" (Thomson's
"Seasons"), by young Spence, a most promising
sculptor. Both statues are commissions from the
prince-merchants of Liverpool. licr Majesty has
Just given orders that re second marble edition of her
statue of last year shall be carved by Gibson, the des-
tination of which is not known.

CONSTANTINOPL, FEB 7.

On the Ist instant the T'ope's Nuncio had an
and:mice of the Suhan. Monaignore Ferrieri was received
with all the honours aurally paid to for mss amltessadors on
such OCCEIoiOtAS. The Nuncio presented . n address to the
Sultan, expressive of the feelings of friendship and sympathy
entertained by his holiness the Pope for tie spiritual head
of the Mussulnion world. His Majesty's reply was in the
same spirit. On the days immediately preceding the au-
thence granted by his Majesty to the representative of the
holy see deputations waited on Monsignare Ferrieri, com-
posed of the chiefs of the Schismatic, Armenian, and Greek
churches, and of the Israelites resident in Turkey. Tke ob-
r_ce of these deputations was, besides complimenting the
Nuncio on his arrival at Cnnatanainople, to beg of his emi-
nence to express to the Sultan the satisfaction with which
his Christian subjects of every denomination saw the proof
of liberality and toleration which his Majesty gave in con-
senting to establish diplomatic relations with the holy see.
The Sultan's reply to the address of M. Ferrieri cannot
fail to produce a great deal of admiration in Europe. If it
be remarkable that Pope Pius IX. should have broken
through the prejiel:ces which seemed hereditary in his high
office, and anticipatii.g the march of events made himself
the apostle of civil and religions liberty in Indy, how much
more strange is it that the Sultan of Turkey should show
himself animated by the same sentiments an those which
have made the present erudite and erdightNied successor of
St. Peter the most remarkable man cf his time. The news
brought here by every post of the progress of those principles
which are a rresent convulsing Italy hove had no other
effect upon cite Sultan than to encourage him in his deter-
mination of following in the footsteps of the Pope.
" said the Sultan, in his reply to the Nuncio, " shared
the general joy with which was hailed the accession of Pope
Pius to the pontifical throne. It was fir t! a purpose of ea.
reming these sentiments that I sent Shi:kib Effendi to
Rome. lam happy that friendly relations have been esta-
blished between the states of the Catholic church and the
Ottoman empire during my reign. I fully sympathise with
the Pope in what he has done for his people. I consider
that there is a strong slinilarity between our respective posi-
tiOnt. The principles which he advocates and which are
now producing such remarkable effects in Europe are those
which I have'also adopted, and by which I intend to regu-
late my conduct. Like him, I wish that civil and religious
liberty should be established in my donairs,nns ; I wish all
denominations fmy subjects to have equal rights and pri-
vileges; I wish them to love their common country, and to
look upon me as one who would govern them through their
affections, and not by the exercise of arbitrary authority."
On the 2nd inst. Lord Cowley and M. de Titoff, the Rus-
sian minister, had a conference with Ali Effendi relative to
the boundary queetioo, so long in disenssinn between the
Porte and Pea:,,. It is said that this tortuwis sitar is lie,-
very nearly brought to a close. On thn :;rd inst. Lord
Cowley sent Mr. Purdue as special courier, with despatches
for the F.:inapt:
oaks.