The Express.
London, England, 1848-09-18 00:00:00

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LONDON. MONDAY. SEPT. 18.

Tin French National Amobly, by an immense
majority, has rejected the insertion in the preamble
of the constitution of the right of the poor to have
labour found them by the state. All that the Assem-
bly admits is, a right to succour. the absolute claim
to labour and to the instruments of labour was sup-
ported by three kinds of partisans—by the socialists,
as the chief foundation of their creed; by the ultra-
liberal., as political capital by which they keep up
hope and acquire support amongst the working elsasss ;
sad by more moderate men, who, like Lanutrins
andßuLme,reooatesended the inaction of the words
far peace and conciliation-sake, keying the fulfilment
of those words to the fate of most social wombss
made by a legialatare—n!glect.
The eammeuiste or modiste of all degrees made a
very sorry figure in the debate. Counting amend
their numbers; as they certainly do, many origami
thinkers and forcible writers, this is the mere
astonishing. Several of them, moreover, were in the
habit of lecturing and captivating audiences in the
development of their doctrine.; but in the tribune of
the As embly one and all ream stricken with incapacity,
obscurity, and hesitation. M. deputy for the
department of the DrSine, alone expounded their doc-
trines. And when M. Tut nth attacked them in one °this
studied, brilliant, and clear exposures, there was lite-
rally no one who dared venture a reply. M. CON.
BIDINANT, indeed, asked for four evenings' sittings of
two hours each, daring which be was to expound
his doctrines without interruption. Short of he
declined answering M. Tann, and, of course, the
philosopher was laughed at.
There is still, however, a large portion both of the
people and of political observers, who think that
socialism, however mute at the tribune, is likely to
be more and more powerful, and that it is destined to
undermine the old folio& ion of society. This belief
is founded on the facility with which these doctrines
have hitherto been propagated, and the imams@ poi=
which even in their inchoate state the emumnsiot
ideas have wielded. Bat, although la Peasse there
aro fewer moral obstacles to the preaching of such a
doctrine than in perhaps any other country, there
are at the name time in France material obstacles
which are utterly insurmountable by such a sect.
The great moral obstacle to communist principles
it ens belief. And this, non-existing amongst
M lower population of the great cities of Pram,
epees the way . for Utopists who seek to fill the
void of a spiritual belief by substituting a
material one. But to the labouring siess
of largo towns is limited the currency of mei
doctrines. There are ten millions of parcels of the
sod in France, each paying its separate contribution,
and representing not a tenant, but a proprietor. To
preach communism to such a proprietary would be a
vain attempt. And hence Lode BLANC and his
school do not come forward as the ORACCUI of land,
but of capital : 1789 applied its agrarian law to the
soil ; 1848 is to apply a counterpart of that agrarian
law to the capitalist. Capital, however, is not
seizable' likeland : the small, fixed
of it indeed may he sppropriated burdttatia
part of capital which the new shoot chiefly
aims at, via., the fends destined for the employ-
ment of manufacturing labour, these would disappear
as at the touch of a magician's wand. In France
they have dune so, and will do so more completely
unless communist ideas and hopes be swept away.
Political revolution is said to resemble SATURN, RR
devouring its children. Social revolution exposes its
children first to the chances of civil war, then en-
dimes their means of livelihood and food,
them to perish if not relieved by the charity ofvila
clam, and by means of that fund, which their effost
was to destroy and to appropriate.
II The National Assembly, therefore, fully supported
by the majority of the French nation, is determined
jiat no experiment of the socialist kind shall be made
by the hands or with the sanction of government, and
that no principle appertaining to the sect shall be
allowed to creep into the constitution, or to stand
therein even for the purposes of conciliation. Noe is
the Assembly inclined to make any difference between
the various sects of the socialists, as all of them, even
that of M. CONSIDERANT, have striven more or lees is
employ violence and war as the means of placing their
opinions and schemes in the ascendant. However
fine, however moral, however philanthropic the sod-
I &list's doetdse, preached to the people, especially in
their late sad present state of effervescence, the popu-
he Winos universally imbibe but the plainest and
most extreme conclusions, such as, " Down with
'property, and away with inheritance."
principles, which were confined to a very
narrow and initiated sect in February last, have
since become disseminated, more or lees, through the
whole body of the labouring classes of towns. They
farm the banner of insurrection, the hope and watch-
word of the extreme party in and out of the Amoco-
VT ; and it is no longer between liberals and
illiberal., republicans and anti-republican., that the
political struggle is taking place, but between the
lower class excited, and the middle class alarmed, by
these doctrines, which ate in fact but the code of civil
War.
Moat of the socialist writers agree in representing
France in 1848 as in a state quite analogous to that
of France in 1798. The only difference they admit
is that aristocracy and fendality weighed on all below
them in 1798, and had to be shaken off by revolution,
whilst in 1848 it is the monied and industrial
aristocracy, which weighs upon the people, and calls
for the same overthrow, if necessary, by means of
violence and revolution. M. Tetras made an effort
to dispel this delusion and to combat it by argument,
defending the old and existing organisation of so-
cvienntaand showing the improvement which it bad
in all classes. Able as were his arguments,
there was much to say in reply. Yet not one word
was said in the debate of that system which gives
work one half the year, and allows the artisan
to ekenner and to starve the other half. Neither
was there uttered in the discesdon one single word on
the subject of population ad Ills increase. The fact is,
the statesmen of the middiedess speak to the middle
class, vied the championed he plate reserve their
oratory he the clubs ; ewe this Pamir Is divided into
two from wham padsmatbssales each other,
tbs it
d vitithe sr pomading. This
is esilddy ow dabs mat melancholy and disastrous
symptoms Jibs lima

NM ia ingselease to ear supply of corn our sup-
ply of salsa swan as the peat asessity of the coun-
try. The ssarelty of the ewe ur population
of food ; the want of the ethers their means
of procuring it. The repeal of the corn laws happily
insures us a certain supply of the first indispensable.
To guard as far as namable aphid a failure in the
second ill only to follow the cuctates of comnurni prn-
dna,.
Our state of almost entire dependence on America foe
our supply of cotton is a subject at present earnestly
engaging the attention of our manufacturers. The
contingencies by which that supply may be affected
are so many, that deep interest attaches to every
reasonable suggestion pointing out additional
coerces from whence further supplies may
be obtained. Independently of any circum-
stance that might unfortunately arise to inter-
rupt our present amicable relations with the United
, States, various causes, over which human agency
r can have no control, may coutribute to produce a
result which would overwhelm Lancashire in ruin,
and bring the most disastrous consequences on our