The Express.
London, England, 1851-03-15 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 15, 1851.

!with his general works,—their tenderness, grace, literary reputation, are of course matters for consi-
pathos, and true poetry,—the fact Out a great deration. But, in the meantime, we may safely
number of them, through the want of a translation, recommend Mr. ('ramp's pamphlet as an interesting
have been prohibited to the great majority of readers, contribution to a must curious subject of literary
has been a very sufficient reason for this. Most of inquiry.
those omissions. however, are supplied in the volume
Past and Future Entiyraton. Mited by thu Author of
before U 3-11 very able translation, reflecting the
" Five Years in Katferiand." Newby.
meaning of the poet, as Pulse says books should be I This book, which is understood to contain the
• read— , result of the experience of Lieut.-Col. E. Napier, in
la the same spirit that the author writ,"
!the Kaffir war of 1t41.5-6, is very acceptible at this
and in verse as elegant and harmonious as ono moment, when another war is in hand at the Cape.
might
expect from the trunslator of the " Nibelungen The author's opinions on the treatment of the Kaflirs Treasure.' ;by the colonists are : that a judicious sternness
should supersede that vacillating course of alternate
Junius and hie Works, compared frith the Character and , severity anti fraternal kindness which has marked
IrrisMe if PAiliP Ll°r..er Sle"'haPe, Earl of ('heater. I the recent goventinent of that colony. In the intro-
./feel. By WILLIAM CRAMP, author of the " f'hilosophy 1
of Language." Hope and Co., Great Marlborough- duction to the volume, a passage occurs which is
Street. just now especially interesting, as indicating the
Fat-simile Autooraph Letters of Junin!, Lord Chester- difference of public opinion at home and at the
field, and .11rs. Ilayrolle, ke. ply WILLIAM CLAMP. ' cape ;
Hope and Co.
RCMOCRS or THE ILATTIR NEAR
Although the symptoms preceding, and but too plainly
The " Man in the Iron Mack "—the celebrated Mrs.
I Harris—the author of " Jane Eyre "—the murderer I prognostieuting the sweeping and all-destroying ennttagra-
of Elna Grimwood—are all mysterious personage!l Lion which so suddenly desolated so fine, though ill-fated,
in their own way; but the "Mystery of Mysteries and ever abused a portion of the British dominions were--
%Tin neopip.reeteie4tioutins,eebeninagnreud to divert
..theutkemincling
upon which more settee and nonsense, logic and
teen, its latent and smoulderin tltszltitnieiCo i
was nettittrtliras.
blundering, fact and fancy, terseness and twaddle,
have been wasted, than would be convenient to sum generally well known to the inhabitants, and the consequent
up either on a summer's day or a winter's evening— results torettlel by minty, who judging of the future from
is assuredly the uuthorship of Junius. the past, thea fully anticipated the eVlis which have since
The controversy, after a stormy career of nearly a
be
fallen, and well-nigh overwhehued' a large portion of this
nltapp co:ony.
centeity, seemed to have quietly subsided into truth- That sued, wan the case. long before those evils actually
Lion and the " Gentlemen a Magazine," when the in- occurred, is fully c..rtificel by the following appeal sent forth
genions antiquary, Mr. Britton, a year or two ago, to the British public front the borders of the eastern Iron-
slightly disturbed the calm by a capfull of wind, tier, es far back as the. year 1843:
entitled "Junius Elucidated." As it was founded " From the tar plains of Southern Africa, from the shady
ll • •
eys, from the wooded banks of gliding streams and noisy
upon the somewhat absurd hypothesis that Colonel tovammte, from the dark r mice of the deep ravines, from
Burrs, Lord Shelborne, and 'Hie Attorney-General the cultivsted lands of the industrious settler, from the nen
Dunning, were the mysterious persons upon whom filled cattle told of the idle and ferocious savage, from the
the eves of political Europe had been so long directed, smoky hut of the indolent Hottentot, and from the tent and
nobody took much notice of this pruluecion, save and bivouac oftbe'lleecrire of ' Trutofin. b:-•
sal jests except an elaborate and painstuking writer in the which philanthropists—fallacious.e: ow iothitig ecain, rweho hrtollmanticiheeisat'out
Athenawm —and the subject would most probably severe and slavery till ye get entangled in a web of meta-
have returned—to use a time-honoured formula of physics of your own weaving, from which ye have neither
sarcasm—to " that obscurity from which it ought tile power nor the courage to retreat—who would leave the
never to have emerged"—when the pamphlets before savage in undisturbed possession of a vast tract of country
as much in want of population as Englund is the reverse;
us made their appearance, who would take the yoke from the slave's neck, and send '
In his preface, Mr. Cramp refutes the most power- hint forth fret indeed in body, hut trammelled in mind with
ful argument of the opponents of his position, which sin and sorrow, since he knows not how to live or earn a '
is a chronological one. I lebrytt's " Peeraa't" has been hiving—hear the voice of ' Truth!'
relied upon as an authority that Load Chesterfield
.. And ye political econoinists, who rail at the expenses
diet,
died, at a very advanced age, when Junius was i which tall on the maim by the maintenance of a large
n army (grumbling at the effect, yet wilfully blind to thu
his full career. This is known to be an error, and cause)—Lear the voll'l, of ' Truth !' "
there can he no doubt about the truth of Mr. Cramp's The author attribute's all the evils which have for I
statement, that " Lord Chesterfield died on the 2•lth so many years disturbed the peace of the Cape
of Mani, 17. d,
the ta,ilith that Junius so myaleriusuly colony to the ignoratee of the home: authorities as to I
disappeared? And Nlr.Cratinp naturally considers it the real condition of Naffraria. Had the officials of '
"extraordinary that both Mr. WadeandNlr.Coventrv, Downing-street beer fairly acquainted with all the '
who profess to have exit aaa i l ted the claims of Loki facts of the ease, Colonel Napier believes that Sir
Chesterfield, should refer to the authority of "Ili..-
brett's Peerage," when so important a filet might "nor the
Benjamin D'Urbait would not have been superseded, I
downfall of his system been followed by
have been aver:nitwit by an examination of the pe- the withdrawal of oar tones tivin their recent con- :
riodicals of the day, or to the " Memoirs of Lord ntik stS' '
by the destmetiou or desertion of our midi- '
Chesterfield." The next Dint is the stone of Lord •
tare posts and forts, erected at an enormous cost, ,
Chesterfield's mental faculties at the time when the a
an by the further shameful abandonment of a terri- I
letters appeared. lie has been represented by many tory ceded to us by tic enemy so far back as l'510." ,
—andn, indeed, has represented hintself--to have Colonel Napier's impressions on the relative position I
both mentally and physically infirm, and "sunk of colonists and Kaffirs arc set down fairly in the
into the lowest abyss of misery," at that period; hut, following extract :
apart front the obvious motives which, supposing him
PROTECTED KArrlll.ol AND CEPROTECTED COLONISTS. I
to he Junius, would have induced him to affect these Having arrived at Algte Bay, and whilst proceeding
disqualitieations, the fact is contradicted by more through the province of Albany, towards the scene of i
than one circumstance. In a letter to Voltaire, dated operations, that entangled web of opposed and conflicting I
(let. 24,1771, his lordship congratulates himself upon statements which had at hest so greatly puzzled and per- I
retaining his five senses in their full vigour—his
pleats', gradually cleared away, and vanished like a die-
solving tuba before the mid-day sun of facts and tann I
ic-
hearing, of course, exeepted ;and this at the very time non. I
when ho was asserting the reverse in unother quarter. 1 now listened to the sad laments of the British settlers, .
Any person who is not most absurdly ignorant of who, at the instigation of oar government, and in full t•e- i
had left the hearth- I
est:
these remote
ettlmieinrterawtt.dess,.a.nnetewazi,edtchitsetilisaaltoniideemn
the lite and writings of the brilliant and amain_ hance of its subsequent puteetion,
plished nobleman in question, can entertain no doubt e...ldintoduth,iii3 I
am to the high character of his intellect and attain- t'au-, and left nearly to the.r own resources, NM now, for 1
ments: of his wit—his powers of satire—of the the second time, all the hard-earned fruits of their labour I
vigour and grace of his style; of his possessing, in destroyeil, their tproperty aid cattle carried off, and the eon- i
uished the gifted short, every quality which disting tiugratiosi of their cottages and hamlets—l heard the wail I
and mysterious author of " Junius." The next ques- offer th:Tin'les:relinele.ind-c"wat'iolnh: corfietluefteuheinti,tdipTatecteede orlisrlinenm ,
tion for considerution is the ottutirc which could have and
progress I daily say large tracts of land abunilon3
induced a man of pleasure—of Wit—of society—to and laid waste-1 beheld the blackened ruins of farm-houses !
make so many sacrifices for the mere .anonymous and dwellings—churches hem-holed and barricad“l fur
honour. defence—cottages gutted, reales., and deserted, surrounded I
"To answer this inquiry," says Mr. Crump, "it by now bare and d exert tracts,
will be necesaary to rider to his lordship's connexion Where Nue the garden omitted; 1
And etlll when sous a garden Sower grew wild.
With the court, and with the parties eulogised or con-
Destruction had of late evident'Y ridden rough-shod over 1
demned in the letter to Lord 'fownshend," the account this fated province, and had planted her iron heel on the
of which was published in 1760, and which Mr. very suburbs of Graham's Town, its rising capital. '
Britton has all hut proved to have emanated from On passing through these heart-rending scenes, or view-
the pen of Junius. rag these recent traces of a relentless and cruel foe, every
The rsons pronounced to be on friendly terms
fee tino, oven foe the poor sufferere, gave way to an peuncon-
trolled and ardent resentment • and I now felt doubly
with the writer of that letter are Prince Ferdinand, eager to assist in dealing thrift die full measure of—what 1 '
the Earl of Albemarle, (lettered Wolfe, the Marquis heel every reason to believe—was but well merited retribu- '
of Gnutby, and M. de )hurgainville. The persons time, on these ferocious and all-destroying barbarians. I
attacked or condemned are—the King, Lord Towns- Such warlike resolves were however doomed to be early
bend, Lord George Saekville, and the Scots. nipped in the very bud—and lay surprise was great, on
•' With regard to the first of these arriving at the "scene of operations," to find those opera- '
parties." eon- lions confined to the establislatuent of two permanent camps '
tinues Mr. Cramp, "it may be observes' that Prince --one on the coast, at Waterloo Bay, the other at Block '
Ferdinand was one of the few who had not slighted Drift, near Fort Beaufort; and that instead of being CM- 1
Mr. Stanhope (Lord Chesterfield's son) on the score' ployml in chastising the savages, in tracking them like '
of illegitimacy. General Wolfe was emphatically toasts of prey into the
death,feetnewee.:Loef t 1;: jungle, and folLow-
litilnttme
seu,i.seios tanheilve.;yent, _
styled the friend of Mr. Stanhope. 'lie father of
tes-ctu re: tl:en, tttorr"r?lilie-aetreof ear en
Lord Albemarle Was the earliest patron of Mr. Stan- African summer—literally roasting under their frail canvan. '
hope, and, till his death, on terms of great intimacy tenements, in a fiery glare of intolerable light, with the !
with Lord Chesterfield. As regards M. de Bourpio. thermometer ranging at the average height of 120 degrees. '
This, thong
yille his name is only once introduced ; but his hat first sight rather strange, was, on lures- I
titni,, easily to
it.aceounted fur—the old system had again '
friendship for Lord Chesterfield will account for the
ht I play—a takers p ttanthropy again in
accuracy of some of the facts detailed in the ' Letter.' " the ascendant, and its advocates once more paramount. I
Afteran allusion to the relation of Junius to the Nlarquis The consequence wets, that instead of fighting—truces, '
of Granby, Mr. Cramp adds—" Thus, it will be seen palaver, proclamations, and protestations were the order of 1
that four at least out of the five heroes eulogised by the day ; and these crafty barbarians, after having worsted
e hus in theld, now fairly outwitted us in the "cabinet.
the writer were either friends of Lord Chesterfield or
of Mr. Stanhope, whose disappointed ambition is The endless blunders, turmoils, fruitless excursions, I
depredations, deceptions, and restrictions which pa- supposed to have given rise to this extraordinary
letter to Lord Townshend." ruined the military sent to operate against the incur-
gent Kaftirs, are described by the Colonel with an '
This "disappointed ambition" contains the pith of
uncompromising pen. Ho very ably contrasts the :1 the whole argument. Lord Chesterfield's anxiety on
Exeter-hall portrait of the "peaceful and pastoral
behalf of his hopeless son, led him, in 1769, to seek
for the young man the honour of investing prince Kaffir" with the savage as he appears issuing from .
his fastnesses to invade the farm-yard of the Dutch I
Ferdinand with the Order of the Garter, intended to
settler. lie draws a vivid picture of the craft '
he conferred on his serene highness for his success
of the savage armed with the moral protection with
at Minden. This distinction Chesterfield flattered
which himieelf he had metered; but his designs were de-
the mild laws of his civilised enemy have en-
compassed him; and, sympathising intensely with
tented, most probably through the intrigues of Lord
the. d.egraded condition of the Kaffir, he dafers in
Townshend and Lord George Sackville. It is
worthy of remark that Lord Chesterfield was not opunon from those who think that the savage is to
among the knights who attended at the installation , be tamed by unaided and unskilful missionary labors.
of the prince in May, 1760, just before the publication lln mercy to the savage, as well as in duty to
thaw peaceful and enterprising Europeans who are
of the letter to an - Honourable Brigadier General," those
to turn a wilderness into a fruitful
and his subsequent estrangement from the court a eudear°krikft
he shows that it is necessary to make other
the new king, George the Third, where he appeared. Furden,
govern eieilueed communities,
only once, is also a significant fact. It should also! mws till" those which
be remembered that Mr. Stanhope did not succeed in when
dealing with a race with whom physical force
(is the only restraint.
I
gaining any employment until Mr. Grenville's ad-TREATMENT OP KAFFIR/I.
ministration in 1763, when he was appointed envoy Indeed, in the
very
words of the celebrated missionary
extraordinary to the Dirt at ltatisbon. " Even a , Vander Kemp "we have begun at the seroug end." The.
seat in parliament was with difficulty obtained for; untutored mind of the savage must undergo preparatory
him iu 1761, and this lee was inducedto nsign in , measures of civilisation ere it be ready to receive the seeds
1764, and was never afterwards allowed to have a, of religion ; that precious seed will, as heretofore, be wan
I tonly east to the winds of heaven if entrusted to the hands
seat in that as , of ignorant, uncaring husbandmen, or those who look to
These and other reasons adduced by Mr. Cramp their own immediate gain, rather than the improvement
would be amply sufficient to arouse the enmity of a, and lasting good of the vineyard under their hands. If,
Africa,—fur slt tt. speak,
man so sensitive and worldly as Lord Chneterlisid., commencing with those contiguous to our frontier, it be the
the savage hordes of
For the numerous resemblances of style between hislisTul;', En.Wtembu
can," as. '-(7iitrbtoun their
has purt:t7htreduetitarareeeetli etithtt
writings and those of Junius—reeemblances in turn! n„. - they
of thought and mode of' expression—in countless! scarcely considered wiraisedabovethej annynal creation,"—we I
shades of colouring, which, though frequently slight, must begin by attempting, by the medium of commercial in-1
ewe nearly always significant—we must refer the tercuune, first partially to civilise them, or rather to make
reader to the ingenious pamphlet before us. them feel the wants eff civilisation• and the comforts and '
properly quelifled for their red ailing stSme
necessity of religion. This object once effected by means of
Not the least important of Mr. Cramp's arguments: pen...
progress may be mede in an attempt, which, whatever may
is that involving the question of handwriting. The
fac-similes contained in the second pamphlet prove' he' asserted to the contrary, is now fully proved to have
of gradual civilisation and conversion, an likewise'.
beyond all doubt the. impossibility of the bold and hitherto been completely abortive. In furtherance of this
vigorous penmanship of Junius being the work of purists+
tnet:.insureleosaa..e:ytLenaey thee very Lord Chesterfield's own hand, that nobleman's stylefrontier
et:-
the
cup of ooufrce,..olo-
, beinoal
gas radically distinct as can well be lie next Hope, a
and at Port Natal (possessions—particularly the
question is: Did' he employ an amanuensis? and, if, latter—the importance of which is daily increasing), our
so, whom did he employ ? It is obvious that, in a relations with the bordering savage tribes must be of the ~
pen.), ' most stern and uncompromising character, unswayed, u
task so important and so secret, none but a
enjoying the highest confidence of the author could if by any
ptorentendendthoce.emie.u•staken philanthropy; in
valuable colonies, they and
have been so engaged; and the inference would be their inhabitant. most beefrectuallyumproteetsd i we must fia
Isteleteer,wbe
that some friend performed the task rather than a on a well defined and defensible boundary, w hish no Kettle
professional eenictime. Mr. Cramp has discovered a should, with impunity, be allowed to pass, and we must be
vers remarkable resemblance between the hand-
te,,n tes
asjealous ournne territorial rights, in our intercourse with
writing of the mysterious unknown and that of Mrs. hii,iiiwil umn,„„. age*, a. we are In those respects with
.•
I/ayrolle, the wife of the most intimate friend of. •
In sum:rung up his opinion"; on the existing state
Lord Chesterfield, and whom he concludes there- I
of thin in booth Africa, Colonel Napier makes the
fore to have prepared the manuscripts for following; suggestions for the guidance of future the preys. Ily comparing the fac-similes of the
two specimens of penmanship Mr. Cramp has: legit'igt°r2-
NECESSARY REFORMS AT tRE CAPE,
certainly established a case of very remarkable re- 1
1 That the seat of government of the Cape of (load
semblance. and thus strengthened the force of his , Hope be removed from Cape Town to some part of the
hypotheses. Whether this hypothesis can be alto- , eastern province, the nearer the frontier the better, and that
gather admitted, whether Mr. •Cramp can bo said t' the lemlityc,hoosen be if possible at the mouth of one of those
have settled the complex question which has pearled 1 r!
uirscenargttehtibemoslhures itnhtroo utlihe the
uhrrneatil../cheanof. he the
mouth
so many able brains. and whether Lord Chesterfield of the Butfalo-river, where a military post RA8.3,130L11 to be'
is 10 be the gaiuer of so startling an addition to his established in March, letdi, being apparently well adapted for