The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-04 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 4, 1849.

DLSTILIBUrION OF PRIZE MONEY.

The Gazette of bat bight contains an order in
council regulating the future duftributiven of pis, money,
which it states to he expedient " in consequeace of severed
new ratings and denominations of office re and others having
been introduced into our naval service sine" the dates of
former prociamatiots." Prise money itt in Uteri to be dis-
tributed es follows :
kleetes OFFICIAL—The flag officer or officers shall have
One sixteenth part of the w ale eat proc eds arising from
prizes captured from the enemy, and from all other cap-
tures, seizures, es aforesaid many by any of the ships or I
meets under his or their command, and of the rewards con;
eared for the same, accurdiug to the Liaoning conditiune and '
modite..stieres—save and tempt as hereinafter provided and
directed ; that is to say; when there is but one flag officer,
be shell have the entire oseeeixteenth ; when two flag otheers
shall be soaring together, the chief shall have two-thisele and
the other flag ethos: shall have the remaining on -third of
tae one-sixteenth part; and when there shall be more than
two 66g officers, the chief shall teeniest one-half of the said
one sixteenth, and the remaining half shall be equally di-
vided among the junior flag cffieers • stommodorm et the first
sines erd captains of the fleet to than se flag officers
COMMANDIIIO OPTIC/M.—And we hereby direct that the
captain, commander, lieutenant commanding, or master
commanding, or any other officer commanding say, ship,
sloop, or vend of w tr, singly making a capture or seizure,
or otherwise entitled to the distributive benefit arising from
any proceeds, rewards, grant, bounty, salvage or awartl, as
stoma' s ; that is to say, the officer actually in command at
the time, shall have one-eighth of the remainder, or if
there is no flag, ems eight of the entire net proceeds; and it
more than one comm Indies cffie, r of the same rank of con?
mane shall be entitled ushers ask:teat captors, cane , the au-
to/nth shall be equally divided between them; but when
c eptaine,.commanuen, lieutenants commending, and muter.
eocantseding, respectively, our ships, sloop, end uvula of
war, shall snare together, ia whatever verity of combina-
tion the one-eighth Atoll be so divided into parts for a
graduated apportionment as to provide for each captain
receiving six parts, each commander of a sloop three parte,
and each lteuteoant commutable, or master commanding a
venial of war, two grans, which we hereby direct shall be
cue proportion in which tney shall respectively share ; earn-
Deodorise of the second class, and field-waiers of marines, or
of land forces serving as marines, doing duty u field offiars
above the rank of major, to share as captains ; and field
Akers of marines, or of land forces serving as marines, and
doing duty in the rank of major, to stare as commander.
of stoop..
Uruen PE/SOM.—Find Clus.—Commandeps undereap-
tains in rated ships, master. of the fleet, medical inspectors,
inspectors of steam machinery afloat in or with any ship
or ships above the sixth rate—forty shares each.
Second Mar.—Vint lieutenants in rated anis, not bearing
commanders, secretaries to admirals of the fleet, er to ether
tale commanding in chief, deputy nuelicel inspectors, inspec-
tors of steam machinery afloat in or with any ship or vessel
be ow the fifth rate—twenty-five shares each.
Tel rd CI s sten ants, masters, captains of marines,
of marine artillery, or of land fovea doing duty as marines,
ehether having higher brevet rank or not, secretaries to ad-
mirals or to commodore" of the first class not commanding in
chief, chief engineers of the first class—twenty shares each.
',teeth Class.— Lieutenants or quart/musters of marines,
lieu.ecants of marine artillery, lieutenants, quartermasters,
or ensigns of land fumes, doing duty SS marmes, secretaries
4t commodores of tt.. second class, chaplain', surgeons, pay-
masters 'nu pursers, naval instructors, mates, assistant sur-
geons, second masters' chief engineers of the second and
third classes, gunners, boatswains, carpenters, assistant en-
gineers, engineers not yet on the establishment as regulated
by the order in congeal of 1847, clerks in charge, pared
clerks, 12 shares each.
PIM Clus.—Midshipmen, meeter's assistants, clerks (not
pawed), naval cadets, assistant clerks, seven .bares each.
Sixth Clase.—Seamen's schoolmasters, masters at arms,
chief boatswain's maths, admiral's end captain's commodes,
ship. corporals, quartermaster., gunn-es, boatswain'e, and
carpenter's mates, captains Os the forecastle, of the after-
guard, of the hold, of tee maintop and of the foretop, eat-
sweins of the launch, sailmakors, rope maker., caulkers, lead-
ing shiers, ship', cooks, blacksmiths, pilots, sergeants of
uterine*, of marine artillery, or of land forces doing duty as
marine* six shares each.
tiaveoth Class.—Captains of the mast and wizen top, yeo-
men of signals, eOnsweies of the berg*, pinnace, and cutter,
second .aptains of the forecastle, of the main-tip, of the fore-
' ;op, and el, the afterguard, satlmaker's 2nd caulker'. mites,
paymeeter's and purser's stewards, musicians, coopers,
armour. rs, corporals of mutinies or of land forces doing duty
as marines, bombardiers of marine artillery, bead kraal's's.,
—four shares each.

kiihiliCas.LAble seamen, cirpenter's, sail:maker% sad
cooper's crew, yeomen of store rpm,, ordinary seamen, pri-
sates and fifen of manors, or of land forces doicg duty as
marlins, gunners of marine artillery, painters, rotten, coal-
trimmers, second head kroomaos, sick berth attendan:s,
bandsmen,—two shares each.
Ninth C.ass.—Cook's antes, paymaster and purser's
rew rd's meter, paymaster and purser's steward's boys,
admiral's domestics, the stewards and cooks of admirals, of
captains, of the ward room, of the gun-room, and of sub-
second class ordinary seamen, ruanittnt stokers,
b abets, tailors, lu.damen, ship's boys of the first class,
engineer bays, first and second class knomani, aupernume
rues borne for victuals only, not specially authors• d to do
duty, persons 11,mi merely as passehgen, and not declining
to ender ani•tance on any occasion of i apture, seizure, &c.
—one share and one quarter of a ewe each.
Tenth Class.—Ship's boys below the first class—three-
quarters of a share each.
Stamen gunnels to share in all etpturee, seizures, rewards,
&c., as aforesaid, is the class immediately above that in
whch their rating is nosileasd.

BOTANICAL /SOCIETY OF LONDON.
iRISH BOG.

Yesterday a meeting of this society was held at the
rooms of the society, 20, Bedford-guest, Strand, John
lin , treasurer, is the chair, for the purpose of
hearing an added' from Mr. Rogers on the applicability of
peat charcoal to the purposes of manure.
Mr. RoGEM c,mamiteed by reminding the meeting that of
late years the farmers throughout England had become
fully alive to the superior properties of carbon as • manure.
Hi, attention having been directed to the subject, he
had proceeded to Ireland fur the purpose of making
experiment, upon the bog of that country. Peat
charcoal, Mr. Rogers explained, porsereed several ad-
vantage. over wood charcoal. The small quantity of pyro-
ligneous acid, originally contained in the pear, was entirely
clop din the preparation ; hence, no acetic odour arose
which ie comply ned against in wood charcoal, and produces
severe headache. Again, its light and pun blase gave a
greater extent of calorific effect, because it extended itself
generally over the outsize to be heated, and carded with it
no smoke. Peat charcoal emitted a toles, which wood ober.
cool doe+ not. Oair of ita great advantages was the power of
fertibettion In its individual state. But the mein and grand
advantage which peat charcoal possessed in so singular • de-
gree, was ha- of perfectly deed wising end disinlecting animal
xeretie. The same capability did not exist in wood char-
tal gi air illy, and in several descriptions not at all; for in-
steam , the charcoal of lignum vine, task, and hard oak had,
in fact, nn iteodorising power. This capability increased as
the wood became softer and more p roue, and that which ze
had found to have most effect was the charcoal of the willow.
In addition to peat charcoal, rip chilly prepared fur deo-
dorising, being icfinitely more porous than that of wood, it
perhaps contained some property not yet discovered,
for he bad no hesitation in 'eying we were all,
as yet, strangers to its eminently useful power,.
It had long been known to science that the excretive of man-
kind contained • greater amount of the propel ties essential
to the fertilisation of plants titan tny other substance To
its careful preservation and ire, China owed the capability
of supporting • population, alma' incredible with reterenee
to the extent of the soil under cultivation; and in the ratio
of the introduction of excrete es a manure on the confluent
of Europe had been the increase of agricultural profit.
Thi re its use was now almost universal, while we of Bog-
lend neglect th it which, perhaps, at in most other things.
we should have led the way in using. But there had been
many diffl-.ulties to contend wilt in its introduction as •
marketable Meta ger ; Ist, its colleeti,. n without sni.
noyacos and evil; tad, Its derdorizetion, so as to
admit of convenient transport; 3rd. its preeervation
in • moaner to retain its velueble quakties as •
manure. To obviate these evils several chemical decelorsere
bad been produced, but, being liquid., the advantages pro-
posed to In obtained became neutralised by the isiereened
difficulty of reducing the matter to a sufficiently dry Mats
for transport. Nature, however, had provided, by a product-
tion of the vegetable world, a simple remedy for this did .
culty in rat charcoal. It was perhaps the greatest absorbent
known ; it would take up and retain above 80 to 90 per coat.
of water, and at least 90 to 100 volumes of those noxious pasts
arising from anise' i :unseat and other putrescent matter.
Hews its grew: value for effecting deodorization, and fur re-
te into z all the vales of the liquid is well as its volau:e products.
Equal porta of prepared peat charcoal and excretive would
under almost every circumstance accomplish this, if properly
intermixed—producing a manure of almost incalculable value.
The average of 'aerator yielded by a !lumen being per
annum was 10 cwt. Six would therefore yield 3 toss; add to
this, say 3 tons of charcoal, and you would have of manure
6 tons. Now, although thientanare mast be infitiital, sap►
nor to guano, which sold at IW. to 121. per ton, estimate it
at +Mealy, the gross value of the manure would be 30L per
animas ; deduct the wet of the channel, say 21.10+., and
71. 10e , with the expense of oollecting and intermixing,
would be the whole deduction from the 301. Suppose 71. 10s.
for these expense', end the smallest possible vela* of the
household produce would be at beam 151. per annum. The I
average number of homes within the district of Loudon,
'seeped above 101. per annum, might be assured as 200,000;
consequently, the total of assessed taxes of that class, might
be taken at 2,000,0001. It the inhebt:ante,:deteranined on
ridding themselves of the evils that encircle us, by our present
sewage system, saved that whisk nature intended as • means
to produce food in abundiusee. they would not only
confer • great boon upon the population se-
rally, but the profit to be bad to money would
amount at ltd. per house to 3000,0001. per annum.
The thanks of the meeting were given to Mr. Rogers for
his valuable communication.

BEQUESTS OF THE LATE SIIROEON CARMICHAEL--
Surgeon Carmichael bstpieithed 4,5001. to the Medical Be-
nevolent S misty, in addition to the monficent donation of
6001. which he presented to the same admirable champ dar-
ing hit lifetime. lie also left 3,000/. to the Royal Coll. go of
&moons in Ireland, the interim to he applied in prahlana
qnadr leis! prise 1 r the enreorag teem of me Kcal acieoce,
and he has endow,: t e Rithm ...,1 If ..oit .1 S..h° .1 of M •
dici o and itager) with bet+tea 3,00 J/. nd 6,oool.—Dublin
Heraki.