The Express.
London, England, 1848-12-04 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 4, 1848.

Was biome gemendigshms of the Egyptisa army, and chimed
with the took of emeadeEleg 104 disciplining it after the
Yon* babas. Within theme years, with the sid of Col.
he
(habeas Pasha), he bail sempleted six regiments of
tan Inallitins of 100 mom sash. The renew saline woe
mai Sisk new life, and benne, m they sir modiame, gene-
rally ergs is, t • thek often. who were mom uatrateable,
(tale
▪ the
ethos
the eemu*k Iboublea Parka and kitel-
enwoome heju The dollowi
illeogalkm el what be had te eantead with to momMier,
wale ow own at the time. Amongst other N-
ankai= on eider em yea that no soldier beneath the
gook eta mimed &add MST • bawd. Oa elm movidee an
aim of isloolor reek approved at dm levee with the Rebid-
dem armament, and was ferlkwith remanded of the prolabl-
dem H. excused himself by stating that daring his pil-
grimage to Mecca, he had bathed his beard in the water of
the Seared Well, and that he could not consent to remove
what had from that tits* become holy. " Either the beard
or the bead most be takes off," was the stern reply. The
°Meer bowed to gm judgment, and lost his head.
In 1824 them new foress were ready to take the field.
One regiment was seat southward and another against the
rebellious Wahabees, whose lost attempt was completely de-
feated by the steady. gallantry and discipline of the Egyptian
infantry. In the ftWwing year, at the entreaty of the
Sultan, 17,000 troops, under the command of Ibra-
him were sent against the Greeks, whom he defeated
in 'three general actions; took Old and New Na-
valise, and 'earthed victoriously to the very gates
of Nsuplia. Hs thence crossed to Roumelis sad took
Missolonshi, after a siege of three months, and great lees of
life, accompanied by startlieg deeds of bravery and slaughter.
Greece thus again subjugated, the Egyptian army was on
the point of being despatched to some other part of the seat
of wort when the tripe alliance interfered, and the battle of
Nayarit°, in 18:8, Rent Ibrahim, shorn of his conquests,
back to Egypt The war in Syria !woke out soon after,
through a quarrel between Mehemet and the Pasha of
Saida, and the former threatened unless justice was done
him to resort to arse to march upon Acre, and chastise
Ahdallah. The Sultani appeared ti coincide with his views,
and mat oat the Camtdan Pasha with a fleet, anparently to
act in concert with him. Bat when the various neonate
for securing the object of the campaign were arranged, and
the fleet had already arrived at Rhodes. the Sultan set the
Psalm at &flame, and recalled his fleet. Immediately
upon this the Paths pushed forward all n prepan-
liens for the expedition ; and to tefirZemay of
idahmoad, Ibrahim% had already disembarked in
Syria, before the imperial messeaser, despatched from
Constantinople with orders to suspend operations, could ar-
rive at Alexandria. Thus the war which was to terminate
in the dismemberment of the empire and the humiliation of
the Facha, was commenced under the imperial auspices, as
Ibrahim acutely sailed from Egypt with Bialseaciud's Orman
in his possession. Meaemet affected great deference to
the orders of the flatten, but said that the 'amanita had
sailed, and that if the envoy would tarry he should biar hick
the keys of Acre. The ambassador then asked what the
Paths desired of the Porte. "To keep what I have," he
replied, " and let me explain to you my policy in a few
words. In a few days Acre will be mine. If the Sultan
consent that I shall keep it, I will stou there ; if sot, I will
take Damascus. There again, if Duman be granted me, I
will stop ; if not, I will take Aleppo : and, if the Sultan will
not then consent—who knows I Allah kens!' God is
merciful." The anzbusader returned and advised Mahmoud
to consider his true position, sad make peace. The advice wee
rejected and the counsellor punished ! The Sultan, having
adooted the al,emative of war, made great efforts to prepare,
whilst the Pasha was actually conquering Syria.
Tripoli first, and then Acre, in May, 1832, fell
after a gallant reastahm. The next month Damns-
Cu surrendered, and aimed, after (July 7), on
dm plains of Eons., an the My field where Zsaobla fought
Aurelian, did the first great engagement take place between
the Turkish and the Arabian forces. The latter completely
overcame their opponents, who were driven with fearful
slaughter from the field, leaving the whole camp behind
them. Hones and Aleppo lell into lorahim's hand., another
successful battle was fought at Belau, after which Skis.
dreamt and Antioch submitted. The Turkish troops now
fell back upon Koniab, and collected in great force to
march epee Syria. Ibrahim, however, did not wait; but
forcing the passes of Mount Taurus, hastened to meet them,
and oa Deo. 19, 1832, fought &desperate betas, which ended
in their total discomfiture and the capture of the grand
vizier. Ibrahim immediately advanced towards Constanti-
nople ; Mehemet's fleet, in the meantime, embarrassing
the Porte by intercepting the provisions intended for the
army in Syria.
The Czar having at this extremity offered his mediation,
the Pasha agreed to an armistice, and a treaty was framed
under the advice of the French ambassador, Rnussin, offer-
leg the vassalage of Acre, Jerusalem, and Tripoli for hie
acceptance, to which he returned a decided refusal,
and dispatched orders for Ibrahim to advance. No sooner
had he collected hie forces and left Kiutukia, than the Rm•
sian troop. landed and encamped between him and the 80,
phonis, which so alarmed the Sultan, who feared his ally
even more than he did his open enemy, that be at length
concluded a treaty, yielding the whole of Syria to the Fis&a,
and granting an amnesty to all its inhabitants. The glorious
termination of this war was celebrated at Alexandria, in
1833, with every manifestation of joy; but the peace did not
bring the brnetits anticipated, for troops and money were re-
quired to maintain an empire, still at actual war, or so un-
settled in many parts as to require military nale. The conse-
quent severity and exactions caused an insurrection in Syria
of so serious a nature that Mehemet himself determined on
proceeding there in pence, and his presence produced a
marked effect. Revolts, however, were only suppressed in one
I lase to break out in another, and most sanguinary and se-
vere =mums were adopted. The young men were drafted
off to the army of the Red*, and Ibrahim, concentrating
his forme in the Lebanon, disarmed the subjects of Emir
Bivehn, Prince of the Drums. The same people re-
belled in 1837, but were suppressed with great severity by
Ibrahim,

Meantime Sultan Mahmoud, not having digested the loss
of Syria, determined to woke another effort tor its recovery.
Re raised an army in 1838, and entrusting it to Hafiz Pacba,
bade him drive the Egyptians behind the Desert. He at the
same time declared Mehemet and Ibrahim degraded of their
dignities, sad a new Peeks was appointed to Egypt. Halls
crossed the Taurus at the bead of a formidable army, and
was met by Ibrahim on the 25th of June at Nezib. A battle
ensued, in which the Turks were completely routed, and
fled, leaving 6,000 prisoners and all the ammunition behind.
This victory, so menacing to the Sultan, was followed by an
event still more slarmiog, the Coudan Paths went over
with the fleet to the Paella. . _ _

At this thus European powers interfered. The diplo-
matic affect' and events of these times are well known.
They terminated in a treaty of the Four Powers, szignalmi
Framer. And an English fleet Instantly bore down wpm
Syria, reduced Acre, and landed troops which, under Admi-
ral Sir Charles Nniklf, dialoged Ibrahim trees his positions.
The capture of Acre left him no choice but to retreat.
England had armed the mountaineers ; and thus equipped
the Syrian tribes alone furaiahed a formidable army, be
which Ibrahim withdrew.

y career or the Egyptian prises.
His eon retailed commend of the military form, and latterly,
sines the Wel:iota Mehemet give way,he has oondacted the
entire administration, rather shackle( his father's profusion
in public works, and devoting himself to agricultural im-
provements and military perfection. Ibrahim's visit to this
country bad made his person and character well known to
us. At one time he was said to be intemperate in the en
of wine, whisk mooltinjured his sonstiCation. Latterly he
was temperate, at oemarily so from declining health.
Ibrahim Psalm expired cm the 10th, and is succeeded in
the government by Abbas Poch; his nephew, son of