The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-11 00:00:00

111- lit eppreoo.

MAILS.
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Havana, will be made up on the morning of the 11th November.
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will be made up on the morning of the 20th November.
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Egypt. Aden, Ceylon. India, [long-Kong, Be., will be made up on the
evening or the 211 h November
The mail, for New South Wales, Van Diemen's Land, and New
Zealand will be made up on the evening of the 30th November.

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Ind their confidence respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TU ittrrt: RN ANY MANUSCRIPTS WIIATEVF.R.
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LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 11.
TILE prominence of purely theoretic squabbles
between Old and Young Ireland is a good symptom
at the present moment. It evinces that the extreme
pressure of distress has diminished, and that amateur
statesmen may indulge in a little innocent argumenta-
tion. It is amusing, moreover, to remark how both
parties sink all mention of their great final aim, the
Repeal of the Union, and merely differ, not even as to
the means of bringing it about, but as to the theoretic
principles which are to guide the use of those means.
It would, indeed, be obstinacy of the most prepos-
terous kind to preach the doctrines of repeal at a
moment, when the imperial treasury is not only con-
tributing so largely to the relief of Irish indigence,
but when it is clamorously called, by higher as well
OS lower classes in Ireland, to do more.
The conduct of the Irish popular chiefs has
not been such as to merit animadversion. They
hare not imitated the GR Well! by seizing the
time of famine as opportune to clamour for
an agrarian law. They have kept their froward-
ness for times of plenty, and prudently reserve their
appeals to Irish national feeling, when it is not dan-
gerously whetted by Irish hunger. Mr. O'CONNELL,
at Fermoy, might have echoed somewhat loudly the
impatience of the country against the Board of Works,
whilst still expressing his confidence in the Irish
Government, but he has since made more than retri-
bution, and, as far as his voice is potent, the Irish will
be induced to bear their present trying calamities
with trust and resignation.
As to Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN'S rival shop of agita-
tion, it seems a very "young " affair indeed, and
its speakers more than ordinarily " green." Its lan-
guage does, indeed, look more like the juvenile pro-
test of the young of a faintly —against their sober
elders, who bade them " make not so much noise,"
than any serious or rancorous enmity. Their mode
of addressing the "old gentleman," DANIEL O'Cos-
NELL, is a mixture of the respectful and the saucy.
They evidently hope to step into his shoes some day,
and gather up his inheritance. But to dispute it
whilst he lives, they have not the audacity.
As to the illustrious Liberator himself, he is evi-
dently not displeased with the frowardness of his poli-
tical offspring. Ills desire, above all things, is to have
some one to rate, something to talk at. The Lord-
Lieutenant is' too liberal, too fair, too bland, and too
Irish, for censure to reach him ; the Whigs too ear-
nest in their endeavours to pacify and to feed. Young
Ireland offers itself as a convenient whipping-post,
and solicits the ferule.
Ope of the most difficult things of the time is
indeed to find a good stage whereon to enact a popular
part. All our political actors come forward for the
present on provincial stages. Id SCREADY is driven to
the Surrey. And Mr. O'CONNELL, having failed in
getting together a Wittenagemot of Irish landlords,
at which we rejoice for peace-sake, though we regret
for fun-sake, has resolved to take, if possible, the
Irish Royal Agricultural Society as a theatre for the
remainder of the season.
The idea is a good one, and if properly managed
may prove useful to all parties. The substitution of
such topics as tenant-right for that of repeal, subsoil
ploughing for the uprooting of the Saxon, green
crops for Precursor societies, and cattle shows for
monster meetings, cannot but tend to national edifica-
tion. Without disputing Mr. THOMAS STEEL E'S claims
to the title of head pacificator of Ireland, we should
much prefer to see Sir ROBERT KANE elevated to that
high office for a time. The effects of the impulse,
which he could give to Irish industry, would certainly
be more lasting than the fleeting impression of Mr.
STEELE's eloquence. And a due admixture of physical
science with the other ingredients of the moral force
party, would, better than perhaps any other device,
enable Old Ireland to put to shame and to flight the
ravings and visions of the " Young."
Whilst the Irish leaders are thus innocently em-
ployed, the government, on whose shoulders has fallen
the tisk of employing and feeding the peasantry, is
fulfilling.that task with alacrity, and with admitted
success. There are no doubt districts where even the

labour rate is inefficient, and where it would appear
that there was no landlord to set the example of
• • • beneiroienc.:. • cascg pf death from famine are not
wanting. ittik most it.stitute districts seem near
....• distribution have
the co..- -, • h
t..it cr.
been directel
4.4: Irish land-
-1
against
wiliuot.:nin in the outcry

lords. Many have beha-'ed heartlessly, but many have
met the crisis as they ought.* In England we cannot
eaderstand how the duty of giving employ to labourers
on an estate can be shirked in a time of famine. But, in
Ireland, the poor cottier has never lived on wages in
winter. As the bear lies by, torpid in the hollow of a
tree, throughout that season, the poor Irishman has
been allowed to vegetate on his potatoes in his cabin.
The faihire of his crop flings the duty of nourishing
the poor upon the landlord, but he is not always able
to meet it. For there is often as much indigence
in ths slated house, as in the thatched cabin.)
Government, however, has taken the right steps
to make the land pay. We are sorry, merely,
that in the last act the occupier of the ground,
whatever the lease, was not allowed to take advan-
tage of the facilities for improving the land and
employing the poor.
• It is not enough, however, to care for the present ;
the future wears quite as gloomy an aspect; and no
scheme will be large enough to meet it that does
not offer means for the permanent settlement and
employ of a greater portion of the population. Drain-
age is good ; but the witnesses before Lord DEVON'S
commission answer very doubtfully, as to drainage
creating hereafter an increased demand for labour. We
see, in the working of the Labour Rate Act, nothing
calculated to produce this paramount and indispensable
result. In no other way can means be devised for raising
the staple of food, and superseding in ever so small a
degree the potato. Rye-crops, we see, are sown
largely in the west, and the Irish peasant of 1840
might thus be brought to consider as his nourishment
the same rye-bread, which was the chief food of the
English peasant in the last century. But without
increasing the demand, or furnishing materials for
labour, no improvement of t.laia kind can he lasting.
Nor will the poor labourer, but half employed, ever
consent to forego the 300 bushels of potatoes which
he can get from an acre of ground, for any more
civilized and less productive crop.

• The Belfast papers accuse the Marquis of ffiurrroan of not init.
eating the other rich landlords of the country in announcing a duni-
nation of rent.

TRERE is no more wonderful tribute paid to British
superiority in manufacturing or metallurgic science,
than the fact that immense quantities of copper ore
are transported from the most remote parts of Asia
and America to England to be smelted and manufac-
tured, and are then re-transported back to the ex-
tremities of the globe for the use of those who raised
the ore. Chili is a country that has hitherto sent us
a great supply of this ore, which, when manufac-
tured, we re-transport to North and South America.
Australia has just sent us a very large shipment,
which, when it is worked up, will pass the Cape of
Good Hope once more to find its way to the markets
of Asia.
One can scarcely believe that this trade, so pro-
fitable not only to the smelters and manufacturers of
copper, but to the merchants who furnish Chili,
Cube, and the other copper-producing countries with
goods in return for their ore, not to mention the
shipping interest, should have been interrupted at
such an epoch as 1842, when the common and received
rule seemed to be to take off duties on all raw mate-
rial, and foster a trade in them.
Mr. GLADSTONE and Sir ROBERT PEEL were, how-
ever, smitten with compassion for those interested in the
mines of Cornwall, threatened with stoppage and
ruin, it was declared, if foreign copper ore was to be
admitted free of duty, to be smelted and re-exported.
Such compassion, unwarrantable in itself and under
all circumstances, was absurd and inadmissible, ex-
.

cept on the supposition that our mode of smelting the
ore were so superior, that even the high duty of
71. 10s. a ton would not deter foreigners from conti-
nuing the supply.
It has turned out, however, that such a supposition
was utterly erroneous. The alteration of our tariff
with respect to copper has caused the erection of
smelting works on almost every rival shore, more
especially in the United States, where the works of
La Itiviere, near Boston, are in rapid prosperity, and
are at this moment underselling us in the markets of
South America, and driving us from thence. The
facts are fully detailed in the memorial drawn up and
now receiving signatures at Birmingham, which will
be found in another column.

The use of copper utensils and ornaments in warm
climates is almost as general as that of cotton for dress.
No limit need be assigned to the demand, yet of this
article, ono of the very staples of exchange with those
countries whose trade is most profitable to us, we
are literally throwing away the manufacture and the
supply, and not to mention the interests of capitalists,
arc actually sacrificing the daily earnings of 20,000
artisans to no very considerable proprietary. interests
in Cornwall. _

As yet we feel most competition in the markets of
Europe and of the Americas, from which we are
almost driven. Bet it will not stop there. The
foreign smelters will meet us, in Asia too, and,
lightened of the load of 71.108. a ton, which ourcopper
ore and manufactures must bear, foreigners cannot
fail in a few years to sweep away the entire trade,
with all dependent on it, either in the way of manu-
facture or exchange. This is a subject that demands
the instant attention of government, and one to which,
we feel convinced, that attention will not be called in
vain.

TIIE military and naval services, as well as all
interested or connected with them, which, in fact,
means the whole nation, will welcome with gratitude
and satisfaction the monster brevet which our columns
of this morning contain. If justice be tardy, it is in
this case ample, and the Whig Government deserves
credit for its open hand. And yet there are some
grades that we should prefer to see awarded to
brilliancy and effect, not length of service. The rank
of Field Marshal was due much sooner to the Mar-
quis of ANGLESEY. What is its value to Sir GrotiGn
NUGENT, a veteran of nearly ninety?

THE "DAILY NEWS" AND THE COMBEN'ED
PRESS.

Tire important questions at issue between the
Daily News and the combined press, may now be
considered as finally agreed on, the terms on both
sides admitted, and the conditions of the contest
accepted. The statement, which has been a fortnight
before the public, of the circumstances under which
our ally was seduced from his good faith to ourselves,
and from his own ultimate interest, has met with no
contradiction. Any that could now be given would
want the spontaneous character which belongs to honest
refutation. That statement was composed of facts
which were asserted and inferences which were as-
sumed.
The facts were unanswerable—the inferences

seemed inevitable, but were to be answered if they
could. The one and the other are now established in
their entirety and connexion, by the silence of all the
parties concerned. We stand, then, in our appeal to
the public sympathy and resentment, on the admitted
terms of the case which is familiar to them. In
another respect we have made our ground good,
before closing up fix. the final tight. The Times, with
5r more shrewdness than when it asserted we
were dead, yet kept gabbing at us as a living foe,
sought to make it appear that the success, in any
ease, of a paper cheaper than five•pence was an hypo-
thesis, depending upon visionary anticipations of our
own, and contradicted by facts and figures in its especial
cognizance. We have shown the public that our cal-
culations are not hypothetical; that the Daily News,
when it placed itself in the category of the cheap
newspaper, did not become an exception, but
entered into the European and American rule :—that
the dear journals of London are the exceptions;
and that there is no reason whatever in the figures of
the case, why tho public should pay the cost of their
exceptional attitude. As we gave abundant statistics
in proof, there was thenceforth an end of that argu-
ment against our undertaking.
But though the combined powers have not ventured

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY AIECENG, NO