The Express.
London, England, 1851-12-19 00:00:00

GERMANY.

In consequence of the alarm felt by the Austrian
government on receipt of the news from Paris, it was
thought timeshare to impress the Viennese with tll.l
high state of efficiency in which the garrison of the
city is maintained. On the morning of the :ird ac-
cordingly, orders having been previously given, the
troops were alarmed and the drums beat to arms. In
less than an hour the inner town was completely sur-
rounded and the artillery pointed. Thu Emperor
now appeared on horseback surrounded by a nume-
rous staff, and rode along the lines, after which the
immense army returned with bands playing to their
various barracks in the suburbs. The fact has been
carefully reported in all the papers. The troops re-
ceived three days extra pay for the fatigue.
An order was issued upon the sth, by the military
governor, that the possession of any kind of likral
paper or written letters advocating piiuciples hostile to
government would be considered treasonable, and
punished by immediate arrest and imprisonment.
I'he order was to apply to strangers as well as to
I the Viennese, and it was added that the police had
orders to search the houses of any persons who might
incur their suspicion. These rigorous proceedings are
stated to arise from the state of siege.
Some difficulties have arisen bet seen the Austrian
and Bavarian governments, respecting the military
roads for the passage of federal troops.
A new Austrian police station is to be established
at Olmutz, on account of the increased number of
travellers who begin to pass through there. English-
men who coutemplaty entering any part of tho
Austrian dominions cannot bo too strongly impressed
with the necessity of not only fulfilling all the pass-
port regulations, but of being also provided with sonic
reference to an established Vienna hanker; for if they
are not armed to the teeth in this manner, they run
something more than a chance of annoyance.
The directors of the land indemnity fund (for the
abolition of scignorial rights, &c.) will make known
the results of their labours in a few days. It is a
curious fact, that in spite of all the outcry which has
been made by landholders on this subject, they are
actually gainers by the abolition of forced labour.
Work now really is to be obtained by paying for it
and formerly it was not, which makes a sensible dit-
ference in harvest time.
Prince Windischgratz had a long audience with
the Emperor, previous to his departure from Vienna,
and is supposed to have been earnestly solicited to
accept the Statthalterate of Bohemia, but to have
steadily refused it.
A compact has been recently entered into between
Austria, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Saxony, and several
of tho smaller governments of Germany, by which
the consuls or other public functionaries of any or
either of them accredited abroad, shall in future ex-
tend their protection, in case of necessity, to the sub-
jects of all these powers alike. This seems to be a
step on the part of Austria to the accomplishment of
a project which is supposed to have been for some
time in embryo, viz., that of being entrusted with
the representation of the smaller German courts
abroad. The recent abolition of the diplomatic esta-
blishment of Tuscany would also seem to let it ap-
pear that sho had similar views in Italy.
• The most clear and unequivocal demnl, however,
i of any intention of incorporating Tuseauy kis been
industriously circulated in the Austrian nal'er3'
though it is scarcely possible to doubt that she 15

feting her way towards some such end. The Grand
hike is .tated to be "anxious to abdicate." 'rho
cotamand of his army is in the hands of an Austrian▪
ners
L lle is henceforth to be represented abroad
Instrian diplomacy, every influential department ;
of his selministration is overridden and influenced
by .Sustria, and there are not wanting some who
wet the recent visit of the Archduke Albrecht
to Tll,C;illy was really intended to negotiate terms
fur the surrender of his sovereign rights. This view
of the ota mien is probably really the correct one, I
although the approaching marriage of the Archduke
Baint r gas the ostensible excuse, and the mission
d Aoliduke Albrecht, under such a pretence, was
sot thought likely to attract so much attention as the
l„,..tiateh of nn accredited negotiator or the
v .4 the Grand Duke himself to Vienna.
, octal accounts which reach Vienna from
Bah loti: kiddie and private continue to grow worse
an a nors. A strange order has recently been pro-
onytutirl obliging people (civilians) to wear their
boots alter a particular government cut.
The amt at Peath of M. Kossuth's sisters was
rentiontd a few days ago. On the 10th inst., be-
part dlOight, a special train brought a number of
prisoners, said to be nobles and the ladies above
• it: twelve carriages, guarded by forty Fens-
‘3llllo. They were iutraediutely hurried off to
prison.
The Frankfort Journal states that the committee
of the last etrogell to consider the subject of general
• law, for all Germauy, have resolved merely to
lav down the principles of such laws, leaving their
siplitleioa to the s. veral governments.
rhe government of Saxe-Mciuingen has at length
ouhli.lied the decree c,.f.* Baud, abolishing the
Lt lam, stab
'fht. -Piet has decided against the claims of the
Duke, of Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Bernbourg, to
p 064, the Duchy of Anhalt.Coethen. The mule line
of the al,,ve princes is extinct by the decease of the
late Duke 'leery. 'the vote in the plenum, which
the feteral act gave to this house, is thus extin-
guished.
)1. Bewley, supported by 79 deputies, has proposed
in the Prussian Chamber, a motion, denying
in etfict the right of the Diet of Frankfort to change
cr alter, by any resolution of the Bunt!, any part of
the constitution ofPrussin. The motion asserts that the
fait of the Prussian government having again taken
Fit in tile procietlings of the Diet cannot limit the
uuthnrit ii the crown of Prussia nor that of its con-
stitution, and that if any resolutions of the Diet alter
any article of the constitution of the country, change
the lists of the state, or impose any burdens or
duties on the subject, they are invalid unless they
relive the asecht i.f the Chambers.

The 11::noverinit L'hatnbers have called upon the
rv,rn.Ht to communicate to them all the official
&carat at, relating to the complaints made by the
Ritltifehatt to the hand. This motion was adopted
stark tum:ititously, though the Nlinister of Justice,
iViethhordt, spoke energe:ic..lly and at length
apinst it.
.I:orniay Mot of Vienna has been suspended
far tight d.ivs, fur having ventured to write against
Luis Napekon.

The letters of our Berlin correspondent aro as
Laos, :

BERLIN, Dee. 15.
In Inv lost I mentioned that the committee of the
fv:ond. Chamber had drawn up a favourable report
ee the treaty of the 7th September with Hanover,
fur the fiat manor of a customs union. The report,
shah will be brought up to-morrow, unanimously
vu innutuds the ratification of the treaty, "which
Ins Min concluded on conditions as advantageous as
tould be attained under the influence of prevailing
tircumstancer." Although the committee fully ap-
pretiated the advantage of extending internal free
trade to the coast of the North See, and pitting the
csaparativAy wealthy population of Hanover and
tgelei.l.arg as customers fur the Prussian nianufisetu-
rs, ut vert he tear, it did not give this unequivocal appro-
bation to the treaty unt it it had received, as is said, from
111. von .Manteutfel the formal assurance, that he
sothl do ail in his power to restore the principle
established in the Prussion tariff by the financial
Les of 1818, namely, that the import duty on foreign
inanu:actunes :hall in no case exceed 10 per cent. ad
ratavie la code,• to keep by this principle, the law
is liut,tion provided that the tariff rates be revised
at least every five years. The protectionist influence,
however, preventea such revision; the rates remained
hull while the price of manufactures fell, hi sonic
cases wore than 40 per cent.; Ikon., the original
t °decade duties became so high, that they have now
misted the importation of foreign manufactures
to a comparatively insignificant quantity. I have
reason to believe that such an assuraneereally has
best. given to the committee, because it fully ac-
crds with the deelamtion made n few days ago by
coo alasteuffi Ito the Pomeranian .agricultural
Society, to the effect that he would support the free
trade principle, and make its adoption a cabinet
question. It thus appears that our ministry aims
saoptiog the Hanoverian tariff in Prussia instead
of impoing the Prussian tariff on Hanover, as the
tnatv of the ith September seemed to do.
I shwa take an early opportunity of explain-
it; tla reasons which dictate this course. A good
fur the sound policy of such a step was
laps advaneed by a free-trader in the following
elesehing form The treaty," said he, "assumes
that fear Hancoerians, with their moderate tariff.
se.e.smc as much as seven Prussians under their
e rates. The choke of the two tariffs was
Wend; instead, however, of enabling in future
ever) family of four isersons iu Prussia to consume
sumo h seven get now, you propose putting every
Ilanatrion family of seven persons on the allowance
km shared by four ! What pretext can there be fur
wantouly putting a nation ou short commons?"
The At ~ials Gazette draws the attention of Euro-
pean governments to the perils brewing for them in
the I* liter! States of North America, "where the
abettors of revolution have a fund of twelve millions
(idolises, and will, when the time of action comes,
he kicked by the naval and military power of the
Wend government." It therefore urges the speedy
ntah.i-liment of a German fleet to guard the mouths
tithe Weser, Elbe, and Trace ; the retention of the
Yrasrian and Austrian troops in Holstein ; the ejec-
tion it all suspicious Americans; and even the repu-
diation bran American consular agents in Germany.
In the course of the sitting of the first chamber to-
day. it was announced that the English government
hail wade a proposition fur the mutual exchange of
r!ports of the proceenings of the English und
sun parliaments.
BERLIN, Dec. 16.
The report of the committee on the treaty of 7th
Sept. with Hanover was brought up to-day in the
&s,.f.el Chamber. M Von Patow, a free-trader,
of Public Works in 1848, and M. Mildo,
a pr Atvtionist, Minister of Trade at the same period,
one a few observations, but raised no serious ob-
jection. M. Von' Nlanteuffel admitted that the
anion with Hanover had been effected, after many
tar: negotiations, at; a greater sacrifice than what
imd formerly been demanded ; this, however, far
6°L, king an unprecedented case, was as old as the
larg.r.a for the sybilline books! The ratification of
the tt..ac "as agreed to without a division.
hi Hanover, on the other hand, the opposition to
the treaty of the 7th of September is almost uni-
-9'4:. In no other instance has so large a number
of ts.,,,iaus been preseuted to the chamber; scarcely
an
turn in the kingdom has omitted to raise its
Pttiedifig voice.

• .I`u.strian government appears to be using it
tht of presiding at the Frankfort Diet, in order to
tunl its authority over the affairs of the confedo-
Ar in a degree beyond all former practice. To this
tad taunt Thun has usurped, for some important
kdkrdeerninittees at which he presides, the power
k acting without concurrence of the Assembly. Mr
Lral (.4nmittee has assumed the administrodoe
i'Ll',.(bs of its department; the committee on coned-,
‘e
affairs, and the committee on commerce
openemd direct correspondence with tho federal
blatts. nead of refeiring to the Diet as sole federal
The committee on the affairs of the press
4., tOMMCOCtd its sittings, and made the Prussian
Pr".-14W the basis of its proceedings. Austria insists
tnactiog a formal federal press law; Prussia will
c.:.,0t only to the publication of certain (reueral
;1,-. which each state must observe in its legislation
) n.. The Diet is further said to have pro-
Mat the " German fleet" shall not bo ex-
"ll] und maintained at the charge of the confede-
' but supported in its present coedit on by the
;,.'l",rri maritime German states. Prussia has de-
'(dthat it has no desire to break up the present
' 7!) of a "German fleet," but that the present
salion of it is not a tenable one.

BERLIN, DEC. 17.
The arrival of a special mission from Louis Napo-
leon to the court of Berlin is announced by the
Zeitnny. It is said besides that a state
paper is in preparation at the Elyse Bour-
bon, to be communicated to all the courts of Europe,
explaining the neees.Nity of the rwip d Nat, abjuring
all pretensions to an imperial throne, and giving as-
surances of a desire in the President to preserve
pence with all nations.

The treatvoiCOMMeree with Hanover has been
ratified by the Second Chamber.

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