The Express.
London, England, 1848-09-29 00:00:00

ecesstructed Iron pump is employed to raise it as required.
The importance of thus preserving the liquid manure is now
Wonting well known, and the effects of it in one particular
instance which we are about to relate will be quite sufficient
to onithinithe mist piejedked or most redolent termer of
the ott loss he sunned by net bong p under enough In
this respect. How often do we see, even now, a heap of stable
dung piled up, imposed to the mesosphere, liable to all the
action of rain and other deleterious agents, poisoning the air
'roan it, and giving off In large quanti-ies one of the most
Important of its properties, in regard to the enrichment of the .
Led; namely, ammonia. Remy one who goes by a heap of
ilmeniposing stable chug must perceive, by his olfactory
wee, the great quantity of eamonsa that is being wasted;
and the experience of Mr. Whitmore, and other eminent
Viticulturists, fully shows that, in point of expense, the pro-
ps Wong and saving of manure is one of the meet milt-
,' able Weis that the farmer can possibly do. Pang across
Item or then fields the company next proceeded to inspect
the smell portion of land under the cultivation of the boys of
the !Adelina! School at Quatt establishment. The present
state of this land is an admirable instance of what may be
nfieted by spade husbandry and liquid manure. This
WIC which is connected with the Bridgnorth Union,
mth fended • few years ago, and without touching
111811 • pthiciple with respect to the moral training of
fa juvallis peeper population, we proceed to give
a there Ateeelpelea of it. This thool is exclusively far
the Instruction of the pauper children of the union. They
often 'mecum to sixty in number; the object not being to
get rid of them as soon as possible, but to give them such an
industrial training as may enema habits of 'Aileen and in-
eapecity which are productive of future pauperism, and to -
Waite the meats of • permanent and independent liveli-
hood when they leave the school. For this purpose the
children of outdoor pauper are sometimes a tinned. A
rime dwelling-house has been taken for the establishment,
in • cure' village four miles from the workhouse, with about
SOW acres of arable and ha'f an acre of meadow land. About
fifteen boys cultivate this land, and attend to the stable, cowl,
and pigs; not quite so many girls an instructed and employed
in household work, veering, baking,
.washing, and the dairy.
The afternoons are whollydevoted to industrial labouroind the
mornings chiefly to school instruction, in which the attain-
ments of the children are very superior to those of most
workhouse schoo:s, where no industrial training exists.
A net profit of above 651. resulted from the farm
during the last year. It is worthy of note that
this large produce is owing to the quantity of liquid
manure applied to the land, and which is derived from the
drains of the house, together with all refuse matter suitable
for the purpose, collected in one large cesspool constructed to
receive it, whence it Is drawn out in pais es it is required.
Leaving the industrial farm, the company then proceeded
to view Fark-farm, a place of about 200 aces', part of
Mr. Whitmore'' estate, but which he has only lately taken
in land to cultivate himself. On this fern Mr. Whit-
more has commenced an extensive qsysts of draining on
clay land, one field of which the partyimp mated. Mr. Whit-
more had tried to drain that land before with drains thirty
inches deep, but found it useless, and that the money so ex-
pended was quite thrown sway ; he had consequently deter-
mined to lay down drains five feet deep, which he was at
present doing. Tne drains were fifteen yards apart; eigh-
teen inches open at the top, there being just sufficient nom
for the men to cut them ; and gradually decreasieg the width
to the bottom, where there was just room et.ougn to lay the
pipe. Although not half of the pipes were laid, a great
deal of water was already emptying itself at the outlet
for that purpose. Mr. Kiehl stated that the improvement
in cutting drains had been immense during the last
few years ; for, until lately, in Essex, and other
counties where a drain was required to the depth
of five feet, the men would open it out at the top at least
three or four feet, and would not be persuaded that it could
Wbe done better. When he suggested an improvement in the
mode of cutting in that respect he was qui.e laughed at by
all practical men, who ridiculed the notion of its being done
by opening out so little as eighteen Inches or two feet, but he
was happy to say that a great many farmers, both in this
part of the country and elsewhere, had now got over that
prejudice. Proceeding through two or three fields, the next
thing that occupied the attention of the company was the
proems of charring on foul stubble land. With re-
spect to this, Mr. Whitmore said no one having
foul land could over-rate its importance. The charred
matter was most valuable as a manure, He calculated
that upon foul land there were thirty bushels of this weed
and stubble to the acre, and on cPan land about ten • and
his gardener had told him that he considered that material,
when charred, to be the moat valuable minute that he could
obtain, and if he could always obtain it he would never use
any other. Mr. Whitmore also said, that though be would
not certainly recommend ferment to grow weeds merely that
they might char them afterwards, yet he would strongly im-
press upon those who were annoyed with them, which they
all were in some degree, to get rid of them in this way. It
was • much preferable plan than entirely burning them, in
consequence of the excellence of the charcoal-like deposit as
a manure. Another principal and very important con-
sideration in thus disposing of the weeds, was that
the seeds by this means were parfectlydestroyed ;it frequently
happened that if this sort of stuff was put in heaps to rot,
and decompose, by some extraordinary power thee poems
of resisting putrefaction, the seeds appeared to retain their
vitality, and when the tanner spread the manure upon his
land he also sowed the seed of those very weeds which had
formerly been the cause of so much annoyance to him.
The next thing to which the attention of the
company was called was the mode of Irrigation pur-
sued by Mr. Whitmore. The water is brought round by
the side of a hill considerably above the level of the meadows
which it irrigates. Originally it was Intended fcr the pur-
poaM of working a mill, which it does at present, as we shall
have occasion to mention. From this upper stream of water
channels ere cut, by means of which it is tor :ught down into
open trenches in the meadows, which can be replenished at
pleasure, and, by means of a very simple contrivance, the
water at any time can be excluded. Mr. Whitmore said, in
relation to these fields, that hay had teen taken off them
from almost time immemorial without the slightest quantity
of manure being put on the ground, and the crop had
got down to about a ton pa acre. Since he had irrigated
the land, however, he had fed 600 ewes off it, and after-
wards obtained a crop of hay averaging two tons per acre,
without any manure being used. Occasionally this mea-
dow wee overflowed by the Severn ; but from what we
need the farmers observe, this was considered to be rather
spied than in its favour. The trenches, which were full of
ems% won about 15 feet apart. Mr. Whitmore mentioned
diet be thought of increasing the supply of water, and he
I Slielitled thst for an expenditure of 20N. he could obtain it
I=l of about half as much again as he had, that would
him to extend his irrigation for all present purposes,
mil by that means he hoped to improve the land very cond-
i sternly. On some one remarking on the cost of all these ira-
Criste, Mr. Whitmore said he always considered
h:thiwi g, it was not a question of what it con,
Ilard whether it will pay ; and if it yielded a re-
turn for the money, it was • good application of capital.
What he wanted was to make that good land, and he
thought the beet way to accomplish that object was by
feeding sad breeding• upon it. For that purpose be
caused the mill which they would presently nut to be
emoted, in order that he might have always the appliances
and means close at hand to make all the promises of the
farms available to the greatest extent, taking especial cue
in the whole of these proceedings not to lose sight of the
great farming manufacture—that was, the manufacture of
manure. He believed till that was carried out to its fullest
extent they could never know the capabilities of land for
producing, and would never derive from it all the crops that
they might, His object therefore, was first to water the
land, and after that he believed the whole seine°. of farming
resolved itself into a question of manure. After hearing
that explanation, the company proceeded to view
the mill, which was fitted up with machinery constructed
for the purpose of grinding wheat, for threshing, win-
nowing, chaff-cutting, and a great variety of other pur-
poses ; in fact, all the indoor operations of the farmer and
miller are here comprised in one building, and the com-
pleteness of everything appeared to give satisfaction to every
one present.
The party afterwards returned to the house, where they
eat down to en excellent diner.

PROVINCIAL.

COTION CULTIVATION IN INDIA.—A meeting of thii
spinneys and persons interceded in the cotton trade was held
at Manchester yesterday, In the Town-h.l, having been
convened by the Manchester Commercial Association, " for
the purpose of submitting to pliblic trial an improved saw
gin, on a reduced scale, which has been constructed under
the superintendence of the association, with • view to in
general introduction amongst the natives of India, engaged
in cotton culture." The mayor presided, and opened the
proceedings by expressing his own opinion that the elm-
ple machines, of which there were four specimens in the
room, were admirably adapted for use among the cottages
and small farmers of India, and that if introduced among
them it would be one of the greatest blessings yet bestowed
on them, whilst the eneoungenteut they would give
to cotton growing would be of immense benefit
rto thJ progress or manufactures in this country.—
Mr. I. Aspinal Turner mentioned that the gins
nisi in India, containing 25 saws, and worked by eight
am, turned out per man per hour, 10.71 colon.
The small cottage gin now exhibited turned out instead of
10 cutters 13.7 per man per hour • while the Marks cleaned
only 3 capers. And then came the cost of cleaning • candy
of 6001bs. By the large maw gin (supposing it to be made in
'lndia, where it could be had for 201.), the cost would be 3
rupees 14 annu; by the cottage gin—(and It could be laid
down in India at 3(.; and limed' of wood in India could be
supplied fur less)—the cost was 3 rupees 4 annu ; whilst by
the chorea the rust would be 6 rupees. So that by this
means it was to be hoped that by the cottage machine, Inds-
penewlentiter.• lateilMundof,
irlelegeorad to and frObemeleattineedaral
a lees met in the cottages of the ryots themselves.
An experiment was then made before the meeting, and
about albs. of cotton was pared through each machine, turn-
' ing it oat in a very dean state, in a some of about 12 to 14
eafnutes.—Mr. Fielden, M.P., for Blackburn, moved a re-
solution expressive of the satisfastion of the meeting at the
result of the expaint.—Mx noe. Marle), !'resident of
the Chamber of Commerce, seconded the nylon, and it was
Wto.—Mr. James Less Moved a vote of thanks to Dr.
t: for the important semis.* he had rendered in the
cultivation of the variety of Mesa, called the New Orleans
or Mexican plant, in India, which was carried. Another
vote of thanks to the chairman sontinded the proceedings.

Taff CHOLERA AT HALL.—Three CMS of choler a
having been reported to have oecaned en board of a veiled
now lying at this port, the roverament has sent down Dr.
Satkerland from the general beard of health. His inerae-
time simply are to make medical inquiry, and report to the
board of health, whilst the cartoon were to see that all 006
MlllaiCitiOD between the Pallas, the tainted ship, and the
shore, excepting to medical saes, be cat off until eta days ea-