The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-07 00:00:00

WEST INDIA MAIL.

We have a telegraphic dispatch, announcing the
arrival in the Southampton water of the Teviot steam-
ship, with the West India and Mexican mails, at
ten minutes past twelve this day. She brings 407,650
dollars, and an average cargo.
The Teviot left Vera Cruz on the let of September,
so that we have little additional news from Mexico
to that communicated by the Caledonia, via New York.
The American army was still about three miles from
Mexico, awaiting the result of the armistice granted
by General Scott. Commissioners had been sent from
the city to arrange a peace, and it was generally
supposed matters would be settled. There are no
further accounts of battles.

The newly-appointed Governor-General of India,
the Earl of Dalhousie, has arri7ed in town from
Dalhousie Castle, tit route to Calcutta. The cus-
tomary banquet to the noble earl by the directors of
the East India Company will shortly take place.

EXPRESS FROIVARIS.

We have Paris papers and letters of yesterday
(Wednesday), but there is nothing of public interest.
The commercial and monetary crisis in this country
engrossed the attention of the mercantile classes, and
formed the sole topic of conversation on the Bourse.
The King and Queen of the Belgians, accompanied
by their children and suite, arrived by the Northern
Railway, in Paris, on Tuesday evening, and proceeded
to St. Cloud.

King Louis Philippe completed his 74th year on
Tuesday.
A report was current in Paris that the French fleet
had sailed from Naples for the Gulf of Spezzia.
A probable change in the cabinet is spoken of in all
circles, and broadly enough hinted at by La Proae. The
truth is, that the old obstacle to the elevation of M.
Guizot to the presidency has not been surmounted.
M. Duchatel, the real businessman of the cabinet,
proposes to retire, well knowing the difficulty, ap-
proaching to an impossibility, of the cabinet existing
without him. His withdrawal would most probably
produce a general break up, and he knows it. He is
not content with his present subordinate position, and
this is what is hinted at by some of the conservative
opposition papers. The thing, however, is not immi-
nent, although, if matters be not patched up, it will
probably take effect before the meeting of the
Chambers.

The cabinet is sensible of the discredit which at-
taches to its stationary policy, and, under an affecta-
tion of contempt for the reform agitation, there is real
anxiety. No doubt a programme of reforms to come,
and a retrospect of the measures already accomplished,
will be put forth in the journals, to conciliate public
opinion.

PAIUS FOixcr, Ocr. 6.—For Money.—Three per Cent., 75 1S;
Fives, 114 31. Belt/tin Fire per Cent.., 1840, 971; Do. Flees. 1842,
995 ; Do. Foor.and.a.-11alr, —. Naples Rents, 98 50. Raman
Loan, 984. Treasury Bonfle, S 4/. Bank Shares, 3280. Exchange
on London (30 days), 25 25.

Our despatches from Madrid of the Ist inst. con-
tinue to report the measures of administrative reform
adopted by the cabinet. It was announced that
a pressing order had been sent to General
Fspartero to hasten to Madrid; that he was
expected in that capital on the Bth or
10th, and that preparations were being made
to celebrate his arrival by festivities and other
demonstrations of public exultation. Thin re-
port is accepted by the populace, and although its
details are questioned by the Heralds, it is not con-
tradicted in substance. On the other hand, we have
been informed that a hotel is engaged for General
Fapartero at Brussels, were he purposes to make some
stay before his return to Spain.
The Elpund says, that General Narvaez had
given in his resignation of the Paris embassy, but
soon after had withdrawn it.

By a royal ordonnance, time bargains on the Bourse
are invalid, unless the stock on which they are
founded is deposited. The time is not to exceed N
days, but the liquidation is optional.
No operations took place at the Bourse on Ist inst.
After the Bourse, the Threes were done at 26; cash,
261 paper; and the Fives at 16; cash. Exchange,
48 80-100.

Ey the advices from Switzerland we learn that the
canton of Schaffhausen had decided, by a majority of

46 against 28 votes, to support, by force of arm; if
necessary, the decision of the diet against the
Sur.dorbond. The canton of Zurich has organ-
bled its military contingent to support the
diet. These forces consist of eight battalions of in-
fantry, seven companies of artillery, four companies
of carabineeru, three companies of cavalry, two of
sappers, and one of pontooneera Besides these the
Landwehr, consisting of like divisions, will be ready,
amounting in all to 15,500 fighting men.

The advices received from Italy leave a doubt as
to the accuracy of the report received yesterday of the
evacuation of Ferrara on the 23th tilt. It is affirmed
that the evacuation was arranged for the 3rd inst. Of
the fact itself, however, no doubt is expressed.
Letters from Naples of the 29th confirm the news
of the defeat of the royal troops in the province
of Salerno. The battle took place in the district
of the Calento. Domiciliary visits of the police are
continued daily at Naples, and even the persons
of highest rank are not exempted from them.
It is reported that the queen-mother has in vain urged
or, the king the danger of the system of terror which
he is pursuing, and the absolute necessity of yielding
to the prevailing spirit of progress. Tho main insti-
gator of the king, in his present course, is his confessor,
M. Code.

The German papers give some frightful particulars
respecting the decease of the Countess Goerlitz, at
Darmstad. The noble lady is supposed to have been
murdered, and suspicion attaches itself to her husband.

THE PROVISION CONTRACT.

On Thursday the navy contract for the supply of
beef and pork for the enming year—and which may be con-
sidered as the index to the prices an the merest—was taken
at Somerset:home. The following are the names of the con-
tractors and the prices:

/Mil.

3,000 tierces — B. Bretlnll and Mow

Phillips ............. ......... . 500.., Dinh .CB 1
GOO ... Hamburg
Balbeimer 1,000 ... Ditto .............. ....... II 8
Jones Brothero 3OO Dintsdos
Bare/wail and Row .......1,500 Irish
Beeilidtt

E. 31`Striney 4,500. Ditto

Annexed is a statement of the quantities made up, and the
prices at which taken, for the lest five years
1844.—Beef, 12,000 tierces, W. 15s. to 71. ss. 7d. ; pork,
18.000 tierces, 71. 12s, to 71. 161. 61.
1845.—Beef, 8,000 tierces, 61. to 61. 14s. ; pork, 14,000
tierces, 61. 3s. to 61. 17s. 101.
1844.—Beef, 3,000 tierces, 51. 4s. 3d. to 61. 6s. 10d. ; pork,
11,000 tierors, 61. 116. 3d. to 61. 14s.

VvcTasei

THE IRISH POOR IN LIVERPOOL.
(Continued arcet the Eritrea of Saturday Wt.)
"2. Notwithstanding the great and increasing influx of
Irish, the number of persons relieved with bread and soup,
has not exceeded 10,845 in any one day ; and the total num-
ber of separate individuals relieved in the same way from
Ist March to 30th April has not exceeded 22,226.
" With respect to the numbers relieved, the following ob-
servations are important:
" There is reason to believe that the resident population of
Irish in Liverpool comprises not fewer than 80,000 persons.
A great portion of them belong to the poorer clans of the
inhabitants, but without being paupers. A considerable num-
ber of the Irish who have arrived at Liverpool within the
last few months, came there with the view of emigrat-
ing to Canada or the United States. It may be as-
sumed that most of these persons were more or less removed
from destitution; and that whilst they remained in Liver-
pool they were not compelled by necessity to seek parish re-
lief. Comparing the number of Irish emigrants from Liver-
pool during the lest three months, with the immigrants
arriving from Ireland in the game period, it may be conjec
Lured that not more than two-thirds of the Irish who have
landed at Liverpool were in a state of destitution requiring
parochial relief either at or after their arrival. And as many
of those who land quit Liverpool nearly immediately upon
their arrival for the interior, the number of immigrants re-
quiring relief permanently, or even for a comparatively
short time, is, in all probability, mach under two-thirds of
the number that land.
In the first fortnight after an account was kept of the
arrivals, they amounted to 11,474; and the destitute immi-
grants remaining in Liverpool and requiring relief, did not,
therefore, agreeably to this supposition, much exceed 7,000.
The increase in the number of Irish relieved, however,
during the ume fortnight, was nearly double that number.
There are facts to show that this increase consisted in some
measure of fictitious applicants, or of pretended persons for
whom real applicants demanded relief. But, beyond a
doubt, a great portion of the increase consisted of
Irish persons who were not destitute immigrants, but
who belonged to the resident Irish population of
Liverpool, or who were immigrants necessarily waiting there
to emirate, and induced, by the extraordinary facility of
obtaining relief afforded by the lax system pursued at first
by the parochial authorities, to apply for it under the pre-
tence of being destitute immigrants. If the system of relief
carried on up to the let of February had been persevered in
much longer, it is probable that a very large portion of the
resident labouring Irish in Liverpool, and many of those
waiting to emigrate, would have been in the regular receipt of
parish relief. And the principal operation of the improved
method of distributing relief has been the restricting it as
far as possible to the Irish more recently arrived in Liver-
pool. At the same time it may be observed that, by an ar-
rangement of the relieving officers with the assistant reliev-
ing officers, many of the Irish who are not quite recently
come over from Ireland, but who are in a destitute condition,
have been relieved at the district station, and they are com-
prised in the returns of the numbers of trial immigrants re-
lieved. Their number I was induced at fiat to believe to be
larger than at present I think is the case ; but the general
want of veracity on the part of the applicants renders it very
difficult for the relieving officers to determine the length of
residence with anything like accuracy.
" The improved system of relief has been persevered in
since the 2nd of February, a period of eleven weeks. In the
first eight days the numbers relieved increased from 4,996
to 8,177 per diem ; and, during the last nine weeks, they
increased from 8,177 to 10,845 per diem. The last number
occurred on one day only, via ' on 10th April, since which
time the daily numbers relieved have fallen to 8,214 per
diem, viz ,on 30th April. These numbers do not include
the sick Irish, who have been relieved all along by the
ordinary relieving officers. In the fourth table to the ap-
pendix to this report, I have given the average daily 'Lumber
of the sick Irish thus relieved. -t
" In changing the distribution of relief from the
office to the districts, a proceeding was necessarily adopted
which had a tendency to inspire the applicants withliapi-
cions that further relief would be followed by the removal
back to Ireland of those who received it, or that it would be
attended with some other unwelcome condition. From two
o'cleck in the afternoon until late at night of the Ist
February, all the assistant relieving officers were assembled
' together, and with most praiseworthy patience and temper
examined every applicant as to his residence. The object
of this was to ascertain the applicant's place of abode,
and to determine the officer from whom he was to obtain
relief for the future ; and a card was thereupon given
• to him containing the name and situation of the station at
' which he was to apply, with directions as to time of applica-
tion, itc. The proceeding was necessarily protracted to
allow of a careful examination of every. applicant being made;
and owing to the length of time (during which the immense
crowd of applicants was kept waiting), I watched its progress
with considerable anxiety. I had the opportunity of
observing that in some instances the applicants refused to
take the cards, regarding them apparently with a feeline of
dread; and in many cases the refusal was accompanied by
the declaration, that they were unwilling to be removed,
and that they preferred to die in Liverpool to being sent
back to Ireland. The feeling of distrust in the intentions'
of the parochial officers, by the Irish paupers, was
so general as to deter many from applying for some days'.
after the alterations for relief at the district stations ;
and it was not till after the lapse of a week, when it was
found that the parochial authorities had no concealed object
in view with regard to the really destitute, that the latter
fully renewed their applications for relief. Since that time
there has been a gradual though very small increase in
application, compared with the great increase in the arrivals.
From the 13th January to 13th April, there landed at
Liverpool, from Ireland, 63,153 men, 34,79 G women, 21,105 I
children : total, 119,054.
" The progressive increase of this vast immigration will
be seen from the following statement:

•
VS/

ARRIVALS.
From Jan. 13 From Fob. 13 Fran March 13
to Feb. 13. to Mann 13. to April 13.
Men
!!!"93°

Chiklran 1
Total Persons .

i.iii
27,960

i;i3j
33,N5

55,103

" During the same periods there haws emigrated to Canada,
the United States, or elsewhere, the following numbers of
persons, nearly all of whom are Irish :

ma J.. 13 to Ittoot Feb.l3 to tram March 1
Feb. 13 Mirth 13. I to April 13.
11.934 I 16.333

" The arrivals from the 13th February to the 14th April,
deducting the emigrant., leave a number, mostly destitute,
much exceeding the increase in the number relieved; and
this excess, which has been apparent ever since the change of
system of relief, has greatly influenced the proceedings of the
committee in regard to the destitute Irish.
" All the parts of Liverpool habitable by the Irish have
been densely filled by them for some time. It is possible,
however, that an increase has been gradually going on, up to
the pretest time, and that even new the crowding of the
dwellings of different descriptions to which the Irish retort
has not quite reached the extreme limit. In the latter end
of January I personally inspected several streets, with the
courts leading out of them, occupied by Irish, and every
where the houses and cellars appeared to be full of inmates.
In one small house I reckoned 41 lodgers. Since that
time I have heard of instances of more excessive over-
crowding.
" In the meantime, however, the difficulty of procuring
lodging has had the effect of rendering it necessary for the
great balk of the Irish to quit Liverpool nearly immediately
upon their arrival. And this fact partly accounts for the
comparatively small increase in the relief.
" The fresh applications for relief from the Ist of March to
30th of April, both inclusive, were on an average for 207 in-
dividual. daily, exclusive of the sick ; the largest number on
any one day being 342, and the lowest 147. During the
same period the average number of persons arriving from
Ireland was 1.654 daily ; the highest number on any one
day being 3,704, and the lowest 230. The number of Irish
relieved with bread and soup on Istof March war 8,563, and
on 30th April, 8,214. The largest number relieved on any I
one day, in the interval between those two days, was on 10th
April, when 10,84.5 persona received bread and soup. These
facts do not indicate a rapid change in the persona receiving
relief; and they are also inconsistent with a growing accu-
mulation of destitute Irish in Liverpool. As a large portion
of the Irish relieved have been receiving such relief for some
time, the moat correct c-inclusion probably is that the change
in the persona relieved has taken place more amongst persons
newly arrives' and unable to procure lodging.
" As it became apparent that the want of lodging accom-
modation produced the effect described, the suggestion of
providing temporary lodgings in sheds, &c., fur the immi-
grants, which was thought advisable at an earlier period,
was abandoned. Fur it was evidently to be feared, that
whatever number were accommodated In buildings appro•
printed or erected specially for that purpose (and which
accommodation must be finite), the residue of the immigrants
who could not obtain such accommodation would resort to
the lodginrebotries, cellars, die., in parts of the town now
occupied by the Irish, and that the presence in Liverpool of
a greater number of Irish would be occasioned than by
allowing them to simply occupy the lodging room the town
already contains!. Whether, therefore, as a purely econo-
mical question, or as a sanitary question to avoid the ill
effects of an overcrowded town, or as a means of more
effectually relieving the Irish immigrants, the plan of pro-

yi extra laden acoommoissues.
fide!
" The oomw.sttee, from its earliest meetings, bestowed a
considerable share of attention upon the subject of relieving
the sick amongst the Irish immigrants. Dysentery and
' fever, in a mild form, were by no wears unfrequent as early
as Christmas • but taking into consideration the large influx
of Irish subject: to the various disorders occasioned by priva-
tion and exposure, the mortality amongst the destitute popu-
lation of the town, during the month of January, did not
much exceed that of January, 1846. On the third week of
January, 1846, the number of cams relieved, exclusive of
Irish, out of the workhouse, was 3,280, and the number of
coffins supplied during that month by the parochial autho-
rities was 91. In the third week of last January the num-
ber dosses relieved, exclusive of Irish, out of the work-
house, was 3,984, and the number of coffins supplied during
that mewls by the parochial authorities was 261. In Feb-
ruary, however, the number of deaths became sensibly in-
creased. In that month, in 1846, the number of coffins sup-
plied by the parish officers was 95, and in last February the
number was 359. In March the mortality became still more
marked. In that month, in 1846, the number of coffins
supplied by the parish authorities was 74, and in last March,
503; end in April, 1846, the number of coffins supplied was
79, and is last April it was 586.
" Until the recent addition to the number of district medi-
al °Moen for the perish there were giro( these officers;
but towards the middle of December, owing to the increase
of sickness in the town, they were allowed assistants when
they considered it requisite. On the 25th March, agreeably
to previous resolutions of the vestry, the number of medical
officers was increased to twelve but they were to perform
the vaccination, under the Vaccination Act, which had pre-
viously been performed by gentlemen who were not medical
officers. Several of the new medical officers were, upon
entering on their new duties, immediately allowed assistants
to enable them to meet the rapidly increasing sickness of the
town. And on the 30th Alril there were twelve medical
officers and nine assistants attending to the out-door
sick in the perish. By au early regulation of the
committee each medical officer and assistant medical
officer was to make a daily return to them of
the number of patients under his care, distinguish-
ing cues of fever, small-pox, &e., from the more ordinary
cases of sickness. It is to be regretted that, owing to the
temporary illness of some of the medical officers, and the
frequent appointment of fresh ones, their returns have not
been made with the regularity that is desirable, and I am
not able to make any complete or satisfactory abstract from
them to annex to this report.
"The most serious difficulty with which the committee
have had to struggle, in providing medical relief, has been
the want of unoccupied buildings in Liverpool capable of
being turned into temporary hospitals. After the most care-
ful inquiries, conducted by separate members of the com-
mittee, the vestry have succeeded in securing only one build-
ing of the desired description in Great Howard-street. The
premises were immediately fitted up at considerable expense
for the accommodation of fever pabents, of whom there are
now about 320 in it. A medical officer for the establishment
was appointed with a proper staff of nurses, also a matron,
superintending clerk, &c.
" For some time before this temporary hospital could be
opened, however, the accommodation at the workhouse for
fever patients was very much enlarged. By great exertions
en the part of the workhouse committee a considerable por-
tion of the new building of the workhouse was got ready for
the accommodation of the inmates of the old part of the
workhouse, and they were transferred there accordingly.
There are now 500 fever patients at the workhouse, including
thou in the regular fever wards. But with all this prepara-
tion the daily increase in fever cases at the workhouse made
it manifest that more accommodation must be provided. On
31st March the Irish Relief Committee gave directions for
the immediate preparation of plans for the erection of tem.
porary hospitals for fever cues ; and on sth April
the committee contracted for the erection of three
large sheds, capable of holding 100 patients each, with all
necessary accommodation for the attendants upon them, for
2,1001. The site selected for these sheds is on the ground within
the wall of the workhouse • and taking into account the
importance of a prompt supply of the different articles re-
quired by the patients, the immediate neighbourhood of the
workhouse was, perhaps, the most desirable for the erection
of the temporary hospitals that could be selected. Their
position is in an open space ; and although some alarm hes
been expressed by the inhabitants of neighbouring streets,
there is no reason to apprehend any ill effects upon the
health of the surrounding population.
"The wards at the workhouse, including the newly-
erected sheds, with the temporary fever hospitals in Great
Howard-street, accommodate nearly 1,000 patients. It is
much to be feared, however, that this will fall short of what
will be found to be necessary, should the warm weather,
which in all probability will soon begin, aggravate the fever
in the town.
" The disposition of the vestry, however, is to meet the
utmost emergency, and their unwearied exertions amply
entitle them to the confidence of the town, which I believe
they moat fully enjoy.
" I have with some trouble procured a comparative state-
ment of the number of Irish relieved in the March quarter,
1846, and of the same quarter, 1847, from most of the unions
of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the West and East Ridings of
Yorkshire, comprised within my district. I annex the state-
ment to this report (No. 6). Three of the Ches iire unions
are out of my district, but as they are in the neighbourhood
of Liverpool I have included them in the list.
" I hare, dm., " ALFRED AVSTIN."

Prince Albert, attended by General Wemyes
and Sir Edward Bowater. arrived this morning, at a quarter
before ten o'clock, at the Paddington terminus of the Great
Western Railway, by special train front Slough. His Royal
Highness immediately proceeded in one of the royal car-
riages to Buckingham Palace, and from thence, attended as
before, to the office of the Duchy of Cornwall, where his
Royal Highness presided at • Court of the Stannaries.
This afternoon the prince transacted business relative
to the New Houses of Parliament, after which his Royal
Highness took his departure by special train to Slough, so as
to arrive at Windsor in time for dinner.

THE CASE OP MARY HUNT.—We understand that
a few days since Sir George Grey, Bert., Secretary for the
Home Department, Fare directions to three gentlemen,
eminent in the medical proftssion, to examine the state of
Mary Ann Hunt, now under sentence of death in Newgate,
for the murder of Mary Stowell, In Marylebone, and that
the result of their inquiry is, an unanimous opinidn that the
venliet of the jury of matrons was wrong, and that the un-
fortunate woman is beyond doubt " quick with child." Of
course, under these circumstances, the sentence will not for
the present be carried into execution.

COMMERCIAL er MARKETS.