The Express.
London, England, 1865-01-20 00:00:00

BREACH OP TEE FOREIGN ENLISTMENT ACT.

DARTFORD, THINISDAT Evuura

Captain Oro wu brought by Superinteodeat Brandon
to Dartford this evening. The party proceeded at tame to
the Bull Ina, ow of the gated* hotels of the *ewe, where
it wee arranged that the captain should be lodged for the
eight. The Dartford magistrates meet in their petty m-
ikes on Satanism, sod on Saturday neat MOM' Great's
ore will be adjudiested upon, Sir Percival Bart Dyke being
in the chair.

ZooLoofraL Horirry ow LoNDow. —At the
monthly geseral meeting, held yesterday, at the moiety's
haw in Hasureor-square—Admire! Sir W. Bowles, K. 0.8.
is the chair—Lord Henry Loftus, Sir Within Williams
Wyss, Bart., colonel Henry Percival de Bathe,
Lient,Oelosel Augustus William Henry Hayrick, Mies
Jamie Dagen Ode, and Mem% Henry Loamy/ Sharp,
Thomas Eneloos Smith, Richard Maslen Sonderato,
Walter Balmy Taastoo, Wiliam Keeyos Blaney, sad
Amok! Whits, were sleeted fellows of the moiety ; sad
Preform P.J. Van BIDS4IIO. of Louvain, sad Preform
W. Lilisborg, of Urea, were at the same time sleeted
Emig, members; sod Dr. H. Dohro, of Stettin, sad Mr.
Marls. Rock Reese, of Soy:wombs, Marlborough, New
healed, corresponding members of the amelety. Six sow
ormdtestes far the fellowship were proposed for alesties at
the mat meeting of the moiety
curers Purace Chrx SuaLuxo Div.
AI. 19.—Adwdeelows on perms* 1,524;
ditty by sews tisk" tin ; Imaa. 2,381.

The Duke de Bellune writes to the Gazette de
/rata denying that M. Walla de Lavalette has
sent him a challenge in consequence of a letter
recently written to the Emperor. That gentleman
is one of his oldest and best friends, and no
difference of opinion is likely to interrupt their
friendship. He admits, however, that be has for
two years asked in vain for an " inquiry" into
the circumstances which led to his recall from
Borne in 1862, and complains in bitter terms that
neither the souvenir of his grandfather, nor his
own loyal services for 16 years, nor the recent
death of his brother, under the French fin,
in Cochin China, nor his own trials during the
yellow fever at Lisbon, were deemed sufficient
reasons for granting the favour he desired. It is
evident from the letter that the writer was dis-
missed for not changing his opinions with regard to
the temporal power in accordance with the altered
views of the Tuileries.
The section of the Council of State for disputed
affairs has just decided on a question of great in-
terest in electoral matters. The subject related
to an election to the Council General of the Var,
and the point to be decided was whether a Council
of Prefecture is competent to decide on the ineligi-
bility of the member nominated. The elections of
the Var had given the majority to M. de Kerve-
guen (the government candidate set up against
M. Emile 011ivier), but an opposition
had been raised against him that be was not do-
miciled in the department. The Council of Pre-
__ _

fecture decided in favour of M. de Kerveguen, in
spite of the law of Jane 22, 1853, which reserves
to the judicial authorities to take oognisanoe of
such contested affairs. The decision of the Council
of Prefecture has now been quashed by the Council
of State, awl the validity of the election is to
remain open until the tribunals have decided. This
is an important victory of common law against
administrative tribunals.

The Moniteur's London correspondent writes an
eloquent letter devoted exclusively to the news of
Mr. Alfred Tennyson being made a baronet, which
creation he describes as " one of those personal acts
of the sovereign which are always received by the
nation with the most lively satisfaction." As the
news is not tree, farther quotations of the writer's
remarks upon it are unnecessary.
A telegraphic despatch from Grenoble states that
the case of Roux v. Armand came on yesterday on
appeal before the Tribunal of First Instance, in
presence of • great assemblage of persons. IL
Armand is defended by MM. Jules Fans and de
Ventavon, and Roux is represented by M.
Giraud, batonnier of advocates of Grenoble. This
latter opened the proceedings at 11 o'clock, and
insisted that Roux had been beaten and tied up in
the cellar, the assailant being K Armand. The
trial will not last so long as that at Aix, as M.
Jules Fano was expected to address the jury for
Armand to-day.

The Bourse is heavy to-day. Bente fell 150. for
cash and 20c. for account, closing at 66fr. 85c. and
67fr. Mobilier fell sfr. But little business was
done.

Pousu Vicrims.—" A communication from WU.-
saw," lays the Petrie," nommen the death of IL U.
sock', nephew of Count Walseaki, .z-Minister of BiSill.
The deceased, • rich laselowaer, was • tam ef miry moderate
oginione and a deolared adversary of the boarreetios. It
happened, however, is the course of last trials; that the
police abased the right of illuminating haws as say 'sal-
versary or lioadme fit& He felt a aerial* »mamas to
joie is mob assailestatioss when so many Niiiill families
were is mounds; monad him, and eae day be refused. He
ou immediately summonedbefore the Grand Master of
Polio'. and was condemned for the camas to ge sad reside
is a mail tows in the government of Pease. at the ray
bottom of Basel. Boma thus also' be wrote to Ws mother,
and drew such • picture of what he had to sedan that the
old hay fainted as reading Use latter and coos Sher OZ.
laseeld himself has as, died fora the prive-
t:l IL
to which be was Mood.
A Court of Common Council, the first mime the
loosed antis. es St. Thames Day, was bean retercitY
at GaildhalL The LonnlLtron presided. awl at the
of Viewer% several newlpsiseled .embers took=
oath et O&M

♦ curious traveller arriving at a quarter-past
two o'cdoek yesterday at the Greenwich terminus of
the railway of that name, asked of a cabman "Row
much to Bast Greenwich—the Morden and En-
derby. wharves r " Three shillin^" was the
astonishing reply, but upon the traveller indulging
in a gesture of astonishment, the indignant cabby
replied, " Sir, if you think the money too much at
the end of the journey you shall have the drive for
nothing." And he was right. No men who had not
gone over the ground could believe that there
existed in the vicinity of London such a dismal
swamp as that which intervenes between the
railway station and the point which was
the object of the traveller's journey. There
were ruts, there was stagnant water, there
was steaming miasma, there was sisedatiosr;
but it all led to the temporary abode of • more
wondrous sea-serpent than ever alarmed the imagi-
nation of American ship captain, or "sensation"-
ized the columns of /few York newspapers. At
the bottom of the swamp were situated the
works of the " Telegraph Construction sad Main-
tenance Company (Limited)," and within their
walls was coiled the scientifically-constructed cable
whose mission is to unite two worlds in the closest
fellowship, and the most instantaneous inter-
communication of intelligence. Everyone knows all
about the former attempt at telegraphic communica-
tion between the two wised the Atlantic—how the
cable was actually laid, and how easeseges were.
actually interchanged between the two hemispheres.
It is not forgotten that President Buchanan—alas !
since dead—interchanged courtesies with Queen
Victoria ; how the particulars of the loss of the
Europa were instantaneously communicated to
Lloyd's ; or that two regiments stationed at Halifax
and under orders for India was countermanded MI
consequence of the suppression of the Story mutiny,
through the agency of the then cable, thus saving
the country between seventy and eighty thousand
pounds. But the glimpse of success was as transi-
tory as ft was bright, and its subsequent failure,
which in any other ease would have been final, only
served to pave the road to success for English
courage, English perseverance, and English enter-
prise.
Never did the axiom that "the road to success I
is paved with failures " meet a more complete and
happy illustration. No sooner had the failure of
the first Atlantic cable been ascertained, than the
wits of all its projectors were set to work to moor-
tain the causes of failure and the means of prevent-
ing its repetition in future. The American imagi-
nation, always expansive, had conceived the
possibility of an Atlantic telegraph, but it required
the practical genius of the English mind to turn
the imagination into • reality ; and here we have a
proof of the natural tendency of the two nations
towards an intimate union. Thayer", infect, new-
skies to each other ; the Americans to conceive re-
jects of world-wide importance, the English to week
them out to purposes of practical utility. What were
the desiderata for a successful cable, and whollaadi
the original cable failed in supplying them I
was wanted was, first, perfect insulation for the
wire along which the electric current was to trees',
tenacity in the outer cable sufficient to withstand
:bestrew of its own length and weight, and at the
same time sufficient specific gravity to permit of
its reaching the bottom of the ocean and reposing
there in safety. In 1850 Mr. Crampton bad laid a
cable between Dover and Calais, which has been
working successfully ever sines, but the
distance was short and the waters shallow •
it wanted a different cable where the dig
taws was 2,300 miles, and the mean depth
upwards of three miles. The first Atlantic cable
hid for its transmitter of the electric current a core
or copper strand of seven wires (six laid round one),
the weight of which was 1071 be. the nautical mile.
The insulator (the great desideratum) consisted of
gotta perch% exclusively, laid on is three coverings,
and weighing 2fillbs. per nautical mile. The exter-
nal protection consisted of 18 strands of charcoal
iron wire, each strand composed of seven wires, six
laid spirally round the core, the latter having been
previously "served" with hemp saturated with a
tar mixture. All these precautions proved Wiwi-
&lent, and fur this simple reason : sufficient pre-
cautions had not been taken for keeping the copper
wire constantly in the centre of its numerous in-
sulators and protectors, and whenever in the mune
of manufacture and under the influence of atmo-
spheric vicissitudes it approached the outer surface,
insulator was destroyed, and, as is well known,
wherever the water touched the actual copper wire
the electric current was partially interrupted. To
this simple cause may be attributed the failure of
the first Atlantic cable.
The first business of Mr. Glass and his emits- '1
toys, both scientific sad machaaind, was to moor-
taiu the exact nature of them causes of failure, and
the second was to construct a new cable of such a
nature as to prevent their recurrence. The 13111110-
facture of that cable his occupied all the science,
all the machinery, and all the perseverance of the
firm since July last, andyesterday the repiesenta-
fives of the public in the press were muninimed is
East Greenwich to witness and to &rosins Ili
first stage on the road to scrooges. To
and fully to appreciate the merit of that success,
it must be recollected that the manufacture of sub-
merino telegraphic cables is an entirely new fea-
ture ie English industrial enterprise. Mr. Glass
had actually first to make his material, the. so
make his machinery, and finally to make his arti-
sans—that is to say, to educate them for their spe-
cial and exceedingly scientific work: The visitor

the water. Lithe old cable the weight "in air"
was 20 cwt. per nautical mile, and in water 13.4;
in the new, the weight in air is 36 cwt. qrs. the
nautical Ends, and in water only 14 cwt., thus gain
increased ponderadty when it is required for rapid
descent, and comparative flotation when every dimi-
nution of strain is of the utmost importance. In the old
cable the " breaking strain " was 3 tons 5 cwt., in
the new it is 7 tom lb ewta.—tbat is to say, it is
not expected to break under a vertical depth of
11 miles, whereas the greatest oceanic depth at
which it will have to be laid is not more than
21 nautical miles.
We hope we have given some clear ides of the
anatomical structure of this wondrous sea serpent,
which, resting his head in America, and his tail
somewhere in the United Kingdom is to be the
harmless but most useful transmitter of ideas, waste,
wishes, and intelligent)e between the two hemis-
pheres. His vertebra), so to speak, is to be composed
of that magical (*pre wire along which Aeolis:trio
current, which is his life, is to run, and which will
mock Ariel's girdling of tlie earth in 40 minutes by its
rapidity, and his insulators and outer skin &mbar-
Mat fintof gutta perch* and Ohatterton's compound,
wound round him alternately,and then higarmoury
twists and strands of homogeneous iron, pro-
tected in their tarn by Manilla hemp and preserva-
tive mixture. The cable, which is made et the rate
of about 14 miles a day—the various "sun and
planets" working inoessantly—is first coiled in
small vats, where it is steeped in water. Here the
electrician steps in, and ascertains the uninter-
rupted pomp of the "current," and thence it is
removed to enormous vats, where it is again coiled
with the same regularity, and where the water test
is again employed. The whole factory is shaded
from atmosphericvicissitudes,and an even tempera-
ture preserved ; whilst to ensure certainty of work-
mans'hip a minimum of human labour is employed.
The visitor yesterday was astonished at the small
number dl artisans employed. The "sun and
planets " seemed to do everything, and if anyone,
more curious than his neighbours, wished to
know what set them all going, he found in one
secluded corner a little " Graashopper " steam-
engine, of SO horse-power which kept the whole
factory in motion. About 960 miles of the cable
are now complete, and they lie them coiled with
the utmost regularly in eight or nine large tanks,
and thence are being delivered by an ingenious
arrangement, which prevents the slightest kink"
or twist, on board the vessels which are to take
them down to the Great Eastern in the Medway.
One vessel has already gone away fully laden, and
another, the Iris, a fine brig which had newer been
to sea was yesterday alongside the wharf taking
her cargo on board. She was being loaded at the
rate of about ten miles an hour, whilst the
cable is made at the rate of two-and-a-half miles,!
but the contractors are already so far &bald
that there is no deabt that the able will be ready
for delivery as fast as the vessels are ready to take
it on board. The whole we,• id-51,500 tons—
will occupy three tanks in the Great Eastern, all
above water-line in the Leviethau, whilst below,
10,000 tons of coals will keep her as "stiff as a
crutch." It is hoped that she will start about June
next, and that one of the most experieneed captains
of the Canard line will betnduoed to take the sail-

ing command. The arrangements for paying oat
the cable, which is to be done over the stern, will
be in the hands of the scientific officers of the com-
pany, and all parties concerned are most sanguine as
to the ultimate success of the operation. The first
great stage, the delivery of the cable on board the
tender*, was celebrated yesterday evening by an
elegant entertainment at the " Ship," at Green-
wich, where bumpers of the rarest vintage wore
quaffed to "The Success of the Great Atlantic Tele.
graphic Cable."

FIZIAI3III4—An inquiry was hold by Dr. Lug
beater hat emu* at the Bank of Paglaad Tavern. Pad
&Volk TlSPldearth• death of Hasty ilapple, aged 2
yews. The itemeard wee es alsobrieSecs, resifts a
Heide. Last linadaia4a. 6 Ire mist sal
with three other lads to shoot in 'a field
flealsg two masses to the field they war
sad diseased hid the gsa in drain. Wiwi
wCi"bra.diallias It oat Will it west of sad that his
lb the baser put of tha thigh sad also is the sett 0
the leg. He palled off his marl and head gad lire UM
ahem the woad. His courrades carried Ida be 06. Nary'
Hospital, WWII it was build that a Loge quativa
'bat was Is the lower wound. He died frees Samos Tb
11010•111 r said that I. that seighbootheed deeps area
from be,. sad be shoolieg aloes the heagrrowa He we
embody is fear that if be walked is the folds be wool
be abt. Rum* he bad held as *seat on a boy she
by wither boy. The pollee ought Wart is web a mutts
A poliereosiable stated that a pushy mold be &owe
ray 'rhea the pia was disabused with 500 yards of
dwelling y is say gibes ISM the ast was 'sly a teespras i
the party stand • field sad shot there. Hue ossoesle
their gabs wires they saw the polio. sombre by Midas th
Meeks haw their bomb and thread?" them nailer thel
Wis• The jay seismal a needn't of dasidestel death.
The Heorotary of the Navy yeatesjay trans
milted to the beau ChW Madam list's Mort 01 Id
drams& sad beswerhe of Omit Britain sad ham* a
weepy iabd with &swims,. It appeals that she ewes
eldpe Heist Maim. buffs and building. sashes 20.. C
es sea heavy ism mule. sad two woods, mesa I
ems Inn sad ewe wades awls msg.-
ow Irk

ROYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL.
Fernanahle ItIDDAY PUtIfOIMANCiS, on TUESDAY&
TRUZSDAIIaa sad iLiaTILDAYS, at Y o'clotk, corassadag
at balf-per. Milder nada tea yews of age admitted hell rice
to ell parts et the Whiled, rapt the gal:rim
NOTICL-716 howlers will Sad rest pleasure to admitting
gratis the schools of the serious shuttles to the day eittlbakels,
upon en application trots the tauten Private boo los. •
Moyle Ticker 6e.: 'tressed sera, . That are, te. .
ars, . Genedes, ed. Box-adios open daily 41111TS0 tin 0101.

Fp IMEMBER ! we waft Supper for you after
aytee Paatamiams. at IVAlta . rail sot

the erprtoo.

TO 00/ILIOLPOIDTSTS.
everdarrata rimer foe Tbo Torre Later Evora(
nor be M rve e Oats le. itoerlestart. by ?we
.I.:Zrrit *a w dy of petard's.

Hit KA.T161711.
Tins iimmis, 11.118 T. Mims. NUt Verbs; E. Conk sal
Marched ; lirnes Ansa BUIS, larrisigtoft, and Cottiwall.
Conductor, Big. Avditi.—AM Till LION AND TER trmooszt.
—Manilas Awformaace to-morrow M I o'cliock.

RATIILICIT.

Tin DAVID 61.13.111.—L01LD DIINDEZARY
MASJULD AND DONS VOL lla &Alum Braid.
dal" Gordon; Sias Smowdon.—PtlNCESS SPSINOTIYY
Mr. Oomotan.—Art A DAY ANTIS TITS WIDDINO.

PIINCHWA.
TEN STEM.% TIN MAGIC HOBBS AND THS ICI MAIDIN
PRINCI9S.—A.4 THE ATABSTS Or LuNDON. Hems. Irbdas.
J. W. Say. It riabor, D. Ituray, J. Nebo% N. larriater, and
H. Hellos ; Hn IL Hank% them Isresie sod OwysoA

LYcatru.

Tani leffenea MT wirre oor. Mr. Trlddloorab.
ICY ALIA Mama leolorar. Alder, littapolrirk. Chide=
Malstyre. Moreland. Collett, Clifford : Mies C.
Blell•PACID niortinuss. Mr. Widdloomb.

BRITANNIA.

raze 'MOP& ; or, MN OM LOT of
Ttreadnoodbp-dreet. Moodsom & Lace. W. Cro,Mor& sIM &
Jacob* : Mr. O. FlrMrsto Postombaldo —&od Tag
-G WORKULIJ3 OF NDON.....Commenco u MU-putt

ZION W1:7712 AT LONDON•DSIDOL
1101 DAT Mon s& 7h. hos At&mom 7b. Elm.
to-Kamm, Yank% TU. Aftersoos,

LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 20.

THE case of " Austin v. Austin," which was
decided on Wednesday last, deserves a passing
notice, both as a contribution to the building up
of the law on the vexed question of the education
of children whose parents are of different creeds,
and also from the objectionable character of the

grounds on which the ifasrEit of the Rums founded
a substantially unexceptionable judgment. The
circumstances which led to the suit were very
simple. A Roman Catholic gentleman married a
Protestant young lady in July, 1881, and in June,
1862, a daughter was born of the marriage. &Tea

or eight months before the birth of the child the
father had prepared a draft of his will, is which

be directed that his children should be educated in

his own religion; but this will was never executed,
and the father died in December, 1862, without
having given any further instructions neon the
matter. The case came before the Court of
Chancery in the form of an application from the
brother of the deceased father to have himself ap-
pointed guardian to the infant, in order to secure
that she should be educated in accordance with the
clause in the unexecuted will. This application,
however, was refused by the Court ; the mother
was appointed guardian, and as no directions were
given as to the religious training of the child, it
will of course be brought up a Protestant.
It is possible that this result may give rise to
some ill-feeling in the minds of English Roman
Catholics, and it must be admitted that by an un-
fortunate coincidence most of the cues of a simi-
lar kind which have occurred of late years have
been decided with an apparent bias in favour of
the Protestant suitor. But the law as it is now
laid down does not seem to give any prepon-
derance to the claims of one religion or the other.
Where the survivor of a mixed marriage happens
to be the mother, the question necessarily pre-
sents itself, whether the wishes of the living or
the dead parent are to be attended to in the edu •
cation of their child. It may easily be guessed
that English law, which has never erred
on the aide of rating the equality of
the sexes too highly, attaches immense importance
to the father's wishes on this point. He "has a
" right," says Vice-Chancellor WOOO, in the case
of " Hill v. Hill," "to be listened to with singular
" attention—with an attention which will over-
" bear everything except the welfare of the chil-
" dren." As a matter of fact, however, both in
that case and in this of "Austin v. Austin,"
Roman Catholic father's expressed or supposed
desire has been disregarded, and it is worth while
pointing out the reasons which guided the Court
of Chancery to take this coarse. In the first-
mentioned case the father's will contained a dis-
tinct provision that his children should be brought
up Roman Catholics, but the fact that he had
allowed their Protestant mother to have the entire
charge of their education during his life was held
to constitute such an abdication of his rights as
to let in the consideration of what would be for
the benefit of the child. In the case of "Austin
" I% Austin," though the father's will was drawn
out, it was never properly completed, and the
Court decided that the omission to do this im-
plied sufficient hesitation on his part to justify
it in disregarding the informal instrument and
acting exclusively for the interests of the child.
In neither ease could there be ►ny question as to
what this latter consideration would dictate. When
a child is too young to have received any inde-
pendent religious impressions, the mother is ob-
viously the fittest person to have the charge of it,
and nothing but the most entire certainty that
the removal of a child from its mother's care was
in accordance with the father's positive and ex•