The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-04 00:00:00

Ttt 4Tint

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 4, 1851.

animals are now paired amongst each other, and
what is the consequence? Uniformity at once dis-
appears; some of the offspring resemble the grand-
sire' and others the grand-dams, and some possess
the disposition and constitution of the one and some
of the others; and, consequently a race of mongrels
is perpetuated." The principal use of cross-
ing is to raise animals for the butcher, and
in this respect it may be advantageously pursued
further than it has been. Thus, as a male of superior
breed will stamp his form, size, and muscular de-
velopment on the offspring, while its constitution
derived from the dam adapts it to the locality and
the treatment the dam has been accustomed to, the
inferior flocks and herds of the country may be made
to produce young stock which will prove more
valuable for feeding purposes than their dams. But
unless such of the young animals as are kept for
breeding arc again put to male of the better breed,
there will be the same breeding of mongrels as before
deprecated; and except where farmers breed solely for
the butcher, they had better avoid crossing alto-
gether.
So far we have walked in this department of hus-
bandry by the light of experience and observation,
and the way is reasonably plain ; there are, however,
some points of interest which have been suggested
rather than elucidated, by recent inquiries,
and which are physiologically curious, and may
beootnepractically iniportiut. The question raised

is whetgirr cross Greechng has lot a permanent effect
upon the dam? 1)r. James M'Gillavray, veterinary
surgeon, asserts, in a paper in the I eterinarian, that
" when a pure animal of any breed has been preg-
nant to an animal of a different breed, such pregnant
animal is herself a cross ever after, the purity of her
blood being lost in consequence of her connection
with the foreign animal." Still more recently Dr.
Alexander Harvey, M.D., in a pamphlet, entitled
" A Remarkable Effect of Cross Breeding," says,
" There is a circumstance connected with the
process of breeding in the higher classes of
animals which seems to merit a larger
share than it has yet received of the
attention of the agricultural body. It is this—
that a male animal that has once had fruitful connec-
tion with a female may so influence her future off-
spring begotten by other males as to a greater or less
extent to engraft upon theta his own distinctive fea-
buss ; his influence thus reaching to the subsequent
progeny, in whose conception he has himself had no
share, and his image and superscription being, so to
speak, more or less highly inscribed upon them."
Professor Simonds, of the Veterinary, also eounte-
stances this view. Several cases which have oc-
curred seem to support it. Sir Gore Ouselcy had a
thoroughbred mare covered by a zebra and of course
produced a striped foal. The following year she was
put to a thoroughbred horse, and she again produced
a zebra like striped animal, and the same thing again
occurred in two following years, though in each year
a different horse was the sire, and there had been no
possibility of resumed connection with the zebra.
A somewhat similar fact has been related by Mr.
William Goodwin, Veterinary Surgeon to her Ma-
jesty. Several mares had foals in one year by
Actaeon, but which presented marks exactly similar
to the Colonel, by which horse all the mares had
bred the previous year. So again, Lord Morton had
a mare covered by a quagga, a species of wild ass,
which produced a cross resembling both sire and
dam; and the two following years the same mare
produced, by an Arabian horse, foals which hail the
stripe and hair of the quagga. Dr. Harvey refers
to a similar instance in Southdown sheep. Mr.
Shaw, of ',ceche!, put a Leicester ram to six black-
faced sheep, and others of his flock to a dun-faced
Southdown ram, and the produce were the usual
crosses. The next year these ewes were put to a
horned ram of their own breed, and all the lambs
were hornless and had brown faces.

A second year the ewes were put to a horned and
black-faced ram, and there were two lambs without
horns, one dun-faced with very small horns, and
three were white-faced. Mr. Simonds also states a
similar instance of a sow. Another is that of an
Aberdeenshire heifer put to a short-horn bull, and
producing a cross-bred calf; and the next season, by
a pure-bred bull of her own kind, she had a cross-
bred animal with horns, though both parents were
polled.

It is also said that animals will often produce
progeny like a particular male with which there has
been no connection whatever, and several instances
arc stated in which such things occurred.
We shall refer only to one. Mr. Mustard, of
Angus, had a cow of the polled breed, and perfectly
black; and he had no horned, or white or spotted
bull. When the cow was in season, a white horned
ox of a neighbour leaped over the fence and accom-
panied the cow home, till she was put to the bull; a
black and white horned calf was the produce, and
here no possible union could have occurred.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

THIS DAY.

GREENWICH.
William Cressy, who stands charged with the murder
of a policeman at Deptford, the particulars of which have
already appeared, was this morning re-ezamined, and re-
manded fur a weak.

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MONEY MA BEET.

THIS DAY.

Two o'CLo( K.

The business in the English stock market today
has been unusually limited, eves for a Saturday,
whilst at the same time priers arc extremely firm, at
an advance of L yesterday. The favourable
appearance presented by the Bank returns has given
rise to a feeling of great confidence, and a good opi-
nion is entertained of the prospects of the market with
the near approach of the dividend period. Consols
opened as they closed yesterday, at 98 to for
money, and are now quoted 96;; to 97, and 97 to
for the 14th inst. This is the only stock dealt in,
the official figures being 91i; and 97 for cash, and 97
for account.

Ihe Board of Trade returns for the month ending
the sth of Septemberlhave been issued this morning,
and are of an exceedingly favourable character.
Much, indeed almost unexampled, activity is shown
to be prevalent in the export trade, the total
exports of British produce and manufactures
for the month being 6,645,9281. against
6,013,4961. in the same month of last year, and
0,323,457/. in 1849. For the eight mouths the
exports amount to no less than 47,157,9841., against
43,851,568/.in 1850, and 39,203,322 in 1849, and the
increase appears to be well distributed through all
the various breaches of trade. Our usual detailed
analysis will be given on Monday.
Exchequer Bills remain quiet, at 435. to 465.
premium; but the smaller classes of India Bonds
have been realised at a shilling lower, at 465. and
495. premium.
The foreign stock market wears the same in-
active appearance ns the other departments of the
" house, the entire business of the day being
summed up in half a dozen bargains, but prices are
firmly supported. Mexican Bonds are unchanged,
but the arrival of the next mail, shortly due, is
looked for with much anxiety. Only the following
stocks have been as yet dealt in, viz.:—Brazilian Old
Five per Cents., at 87 ex div. l)utch Four per Cent.
Certs., cx div. Mexican Bonds, 27. Sardinian
Scrip, 21, 21 die. Spanish Active Five per Cents.,
201,.
A letter dated Madrid, Sept. 26, was received yester-
day by Mr. Capel from Mr. Benjamin Oliveira, who
had reached Madrid. He was well received by Lord
Howden, and Mr. Wcisweiller was to solicit an
audience of Senor Bravo Murillo. The 29th was
fixed. M. Oliveira, it is well known, left London
expressly to represent the hardship Senor Bravo
Murillo's financial law (unless modified) entails on
the holders of coupons, whether attached to or de-
tached from the bonds. The law runs counter
to all previous legislation of his predecessors
in office, confiscating, as it does, the most
sacred part of the claims of the creditors.
Pending negotiations for the reception of the cou-
pons at the full value, Mr. Oliveira strongly im-
presses on the committee the necessity of advising
the bondholders by advertisement, not to convert
their coupons, and iu this is supported by Mr. Weis-
weiller.

The cheek to the upward tendency of the market
for foreign exchanges, noticed last post, was con-
firmed yesterday, prices being in most cases a shade
lower, with the decline most decided in bills on
Hamburg. The arrivals of gold, and a more plen-
tiful supply of bills on London at the continental
bourses, are the causes of the market turning a little,
but it may be chiefly ascribed to a small supply of
bills coupled with a somewhat brisker demand. Short
Paris was done at 25.20 to 23; ditto, three mouths,
25.10 to 45. Amsterdam ruled as before, at 12 to
but Hamburg was in great demand, and though done
at the commencement of 'Change at 13.10;, it soon re-
ceded and closed 13.10 to !. Bills were scarce and
several buyers could not obtain the amounts they
wanted without submitting to extravagant rates.
Frankfort maintained its former quotation, and first-
rate bills were taken at 120. The flatness in the
Italian market continues, with the sole exception of
Naples, which was rather in favour of sellers, closing
at 401 to Z. On the other hand the demand for bills
on Spain was not great, and negotiations were
effected in favour of this country. The same is to be
noticed of paper on Portugal, for which no better
price than 53 could be obtained, both for Lisbon and
Oporto. The buyers of drafts on Austria were ex-
tremely scarce, and only a few transactions were
effected at 12.6 to 8 for Vienna, and at 12.8 to 12 for
Trieste. The prices negotiated arc as follows :

- Tour. y Prices acgrohatcd.
From To
itmoterilita pert Short 110. 19 It,. ... 111.1014 T.
Ditto
Rotterdam

II 119 ••••• -Si,: •tr.
assubLug and Alton „ „ 13mcs. Wink.
tranktort-on-thakisine „ 120 d. Gkr. ... Loin Okr
Velma
Trieste

Intwerp
hula Short 2uc. 251 r. 2k.
Ditto 3 35oattui2::r. 40c. 2Mr. 4k.

Macre
Genoa
Leghorn
Naples per ducat 4.,j truce ... 402 pence
l'alerco per ounce „ 120 pence .. 1203 pence
Ilaelnd per dollar „ 40/ pence ... 49., pence
Cadiz
Malaga ..
Llebon per wenn 53 pence .. 53i pence
Oporto „ „ 33 pence ... sle pence
St. Petenburg per ruble ~ 36/ pence .. 37 pence

_ .
The foreign merchants thankfully acknowlrdge
the attempt of the Expreas to draw attention to
the irregular charges of postage on foreign letters.
A letter from Sonnenberg was charged, a few days
ago, five shillings, and the unfortunate addressee,
on remonstrating, was told that an Austrian letter
'sent through I'russia could not be transmitted fur
less. The geographical demonstration that Sonnen-
berg is nut in Austria, but in Saxony, was of no
avail.

- -
With the manifestation of some demand for the
Indian markets, the silver market at length wears a
more settled appearance. The amount pressing on
the market was yesterday placed at os. Oid. per
ounce, and Mexican dollars arc firm at is. 10 d. The
price of silver will not be affected by the several ar-
rivals chronicled on Thursday and- yesterday at the
various outports by the Franklin, the Tagus, and the
Emperor, as these supplies arc almost entirely in gold.
Bullion at Paris, both gold and silver;is fluctu-
ating,,but the exchange keeps op.
The price of gold, on Thursday, at Paris, was 1 per
mille discount (new tariff rate), which, at the Eng-
lish mint price of 3/. 17s. 10id. per ounce for stan-
dard gold, gives an exchange of 23.141, and the ex-
change at Paris on London at short being 25.22, it
follows that gold is about 0.318 per cent. dearer in
London than in Paris.

By last advices the price of gold at Hamburg
is 4281 per mare, which, at the English Mint price
of 31. 17;4. 103 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives
an exchange of 13.61; and the exchange at Ham-
burg on London at short being 13.7!, it follows that
gold is 0.348 per cent. dearer in London than in
Hamburg.
By last accounts, the course of exchange at New
York on London, for bills at 60 days' sight, is 110!
per cent. ; and the par of exchange between England
and America being 100 23-40 per cent., it follows
that the exchange is nominally 0.67 per cent. in
favour of England. Upon taking into consideration
the difference of interest and charges of transport,
we had that the present rate leaves a small profit on
the importation of gold from the United States.
The account of the position of the Bank of Eng-
land for the week ending Saturday, the 27th of Sep-
tember, published pursuant to the Act 7 and 8 Vict.
I c. 32, is as follows :

BANK Or ENGLAND.—Areoon
norm YIN
Note. Imbed a5,336.31)

r for the week etallaa &at 21. lea
Glorel A 11.0141: 0
miternuaea 6•217i11........ 2...44,
Gcr.l Cala sad 11..1:11cal 14.322.00.1
ritirar Dow. 11...... 9.1.311

Rai smo,a7
tabus ut-polau OrArl
Xxcileq., Nay. gailky
D.
4.... N•uoitu
Debt,suil Amu.) 9.844139
Other (report 8.229,V29
6asii-dsBasklutherlill/a 1.217.903

i 18.330 340
.reasnOnvernraint 1140arttAs
dzwit4.l. Da,. Well/1,1
Ala auIV) ..........„ /13161.216
%lac: 00autais 14.247.837
Xotas
0011 4:441 &Wet Cca 307.4.4)

4137.017,7911
04. 2. la&

t37,487,1b8
Met twiner.

[THREEPENCE.

The above returns, when compared with those for
the week preceiting, exhibit the following changes:
Circulation issue £'28.360,340 Increase £280,840
Circulation active 19,177,65 Increase 226,1:1.1
Public deposits 9,888,43`) Inert a,e 600,339
Other ileixv,its
Government securities in

banking department 13,164,216 Without alteration.
Other secUrit les in banking
department
Coin and bullion in both _ _ _

departments
Seven day and other bills 1,217,903 Decrease 1,803
The Rest

The Reserve

inireouTC

At a period when the movement of the precious
metals is canvassed with so much interest, this largo
increase of 2d14,260/. in the stock of bullion, by
which the amount in the Bank vaults is swelled to
nearly fifteen millions, is a most satisfactory feature,
though one which will not take the reader of the
Expre,is by surprise, as we drew attention to the
fact that the bullion imports of the week embraced
in the above return amounted to no less than
660,0001. With the numerous and heavy arrivals
we arc daily chronicling, it is beyond a doubt that
the tendency will continue decidedly upward till the
commencement of the dividend payments, for which
the Hank will be well prepared. The further large
increase of upwards of half a million in the govern-
ment deposits augurs well for the position of the
quarterly revenue statement just about to appear.
As attacks have been lately made on the constitu-
tion of the Stock Exchange, it is but fair to call
attention to the measure which was instantly
adopted to provide for the widow and family of the
unfortunate Mr. Ingle ltudge, and the subscription
for which already approaches 1,000/. This is but
one of many examples of liberality.

2710L1211 FUN li2.—Tiii. PAT.
Dank eituele. .bI Lou Ara litioi,
1 per CL lieatiee..l, phut loilla et...ek. 2.4 2
1 per Ct. COM.A.I. 9 7 Ditto Itoh.P. 1,0(01., 470. Sias!,
3t per Ct. Cousalp. Phut Exiliouuer JUR.% LutpUi.. 411.40..
Cioupola for Acct.. :PT P

FOREIO:
41 per Ct. Rela,An, '2.3 5
5 per tY. Ilvcziiicu, 85 7 ex air
Pe. New, 84 6
.; per Buenos Ayrer, 43 rt)
6 per It. (:*lBlsn, 1.2 4 ex (Dv
3111 r It. Ch. 0t..;14 3i vs air
3 Kr et. Duall+h. 77 9
31 per Ct. Iratch. 581 5
4 per Ct. lout-si. i. I
EqUiti,, 7
par Ct. Grets.l.s, 1115
B.lnlineux 5 p

FUNDS.
3 prr Ct. Icsliran, 17
51wr Ct. rut tau. *I 9
Ditto Itefetrc.l. 41 2
5 Dor et. Pontteue44... Vti 8
5 lar Itu,an. 111 1)3
44 pur 13. Itumlail, lut 'j
5 per ('t. ,ralit+h, Active, Uri
3 scr Ct. Finale), ni
t...&e,r
r Cent., 2 dia.

WEEKLY SUMMARY OF TILE PRODUCE
AIMETS.

.MINCIN4-LANE, SATURDAY MORNIXO,

In the colonial market great heaviness still prevails, and
prices, in many instances, rule in favour of the buyer.. The
low qualities of Sugar have again been old at reiltietil rates,
but the good sorts have generally upheld quotations. 'I he
public sales of Coffee also, have not been large, and former
prices have been well supported. For Costa Rita very lull
rates have been paid. Rice has been in fair demand, and
full quotations Karr been obtained. Saltpetre has been
dull. The Tea market presents little alteration.