The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-22 00:00:00

7/4/

Cis.3d. sub, tor seCottage . oe LS engin dortry. distribution aracesist
Tsesen
THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN
OPERATIONR.—By lowest PAXTON Gardener to his Gtace
the Dub, of Devonshire, &c. Iteprinted from the "Gardeners'
Chronicle." Above 27,000 have alremly been sold.

African Lilies

Yuctuilas
Clentignella
Gffiss
Gooneberries

Pigs
Pinks
Muting
Plums
Polyanthus
Potatoes
Privet
Pruning
Propagate by
Pyrrief.ntlis
Riuli4hes
Itan‘lneulus

Annuals
Apples
Apricot
Auricular
Beans
Beet

Green ny
Hartmesse
Herbs
herbaceous Peren-
nials

Rtack fly
Books, list of, fer Cot-
_

tamer.
Borage
Borecote

Box edgings
Broc-Jll

sprouts

Bulbs
pctus
Calceolfirlas
Californian Annuals
Canirtinulas

Cherries
Chinn Asters
China Roses
Chryssnthemuma, Chi-,

Chi;:c;
ClaikLis
CV.mati4l

. _
Colerrorts
Cress
Creepers
Crocus
Crown Imperials
Cucumber,
Cultirnt Inn of Flowers

in Windows
Currants
Dahlias
Daisies
Dos's-tooth Tioleb
Exhibitions. preparing
articles for
Venn, as protection

liotrope
I Jollylinekn
Honeysuckle
Yore-radian
Hyacinths
Hydrangeas
Indian Cress
Iri
Kidney Beans
Lavender
Layering
Leeks

Published at ."Ptra
atzr:rran OnicP. 5. Uor

London Pride
Lyclmi4, Doubt*
Marim,la

MorjolllTO
31anurt,
Mar, cl of rent

Nliitnoneite
Mint
Mustard
Nat timing
Nein6philas
tEraitl.ra bitrons
Onions
Pleonies
Parsnip
Parsley
Peacheii
Pon-haulm
Pears
Pelargoniums
Perennials
Peninut Iris
ret anis'
Phlox
♦iu WITII ONVE6A

GAMiRNIMS.
her Wellington-4..

-
Rockets
lbws
Rue
Rustic Vale!
Sage
Salvias
Savoys
Saxitratre
Sctalet It
Nuns
Sends
' Sea Dairy or Thrift
Sea Kale
ticket tlowers
Sheet Vegetables and
Fruits
Snails and Slugs
Snowdrops
Spinach
Spruce, Fir
Spur pruning
Stocks
Strawberries
Summer Savory

Thorn Hedges
Thyme
'DKr PeT6nia
Trotephinting
Terclitdog

irudipa
Turnips
Vegetable Cookery
Veno3's looking-glass
Verbenas
Vines
Virginian Stock
WelMowers
Willows
Zinnia

It AND AOIICCLIVRAL
nt-trarAcit. I:114441

Now ready, New Edition revised and enlarged, cloth, 4a. Gd.
RURAL CHEMISTRY an Elementary Introduc
non to the Study of the Science in its ltelation to Agriculture,
BV EDWARD Some, P.R.S., lion. Member of the Hoye 1
Agricultural Society, England.
Chapter 1.--Objects of chemistry-Affinity-Nature of Combination
and decompecition-The elements-The air, its properties and !min-
position-Oxygen and nitivon-Combustion, results of combustiod-
Oubonic acid RAS-Water, ice, and steam-Effects of frost-Latent
heat-Composition of water -Hydrogen.
Chapter 11.-Carbon, its different forms-Cohesion-Combustion
and decav-Carbonic aCNI g-n, produced by respiration, en:ubustion,
fermentation, Ile.-N:iture of acids and salbs--C,wbut ettssl hydrogen,
lira aamps, coal gas-Compounds all definite-Combining weights-
Carbonic oxide-Nitrogen combined with hydrogen forms ammonia
-Nitric acid-Nitrated-Sulphur, nuiplitirous ueids-Sulphuric acid,
sulphates -Sulphuretted hydrogen-Chlorine, marl:ale acid-lodine,
Bromine-Phosphorua, pho,phoric acid.
Chapter ita properties-Carbonate
and nitrate of potash, gunpowder-Soda, common salt, sulphate, car-
bonate and nitrate a soda-Am:nonia, its carbonate, !sulphate, mu-
elate, and phosphate-The alkaline earths-Lime, its nature and pro-
perties-Curborutte, sulphate, and phosphate ut its
carbonate, sulphate, muriatc, and phosphate.
Chapter IV.-The earths -Alumina, its properties-Alum, Silica, or
silieie acid-Silicates of potash and soda- Glass-Silicates in the son,
in phints-The metals, their oshka and sults-lron, its oxides-Pyrites
`4lluhate of Iron, or green Otriol-OOld-SGVer-Sla.aa--
• _

-Sulnhatv
-Zine-Tin-Mangal:ee-land-lietallic alloys.
Chapter V.-Otgania matter-Vegetable substances-Lignin, or
woody glbre-Starch, varieties of starch-Gum, soluble and immlubie
-Sugar-yea, me, and grope &near-Gluten, albumen, calcine, legumlne,
fibrin, glindine-Chemical changes-Fermentation-spirit of wine-
Vegetable acids-Vinegar, tnrt.iric, inalic and oxalic acids-
Oils, resins, gum resins, and colouring natters-Inorgurde coasti-
tuents of plant-Animil sulrdances -Albumen-Fibrin-Blood, unit
musele-Cmeine milk, and shoe-Gelatin-Fat-D u-
ones, teeth,
horn, Am-Protein, fool of animals-Digestion-Keepiration--Cire
Lan= of the blood-Urine.
Chapter Vi.-The food of plants-Substances derived from the
air-Somers of ogreen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon--Sulstances
derived from the soil-Sources of earthy substances-Compositon of
soils, their formation-Decomposition of silicates-Mechanical struc-
ture of soils-Thc saline constituents of soils-Organic matters in
soils, humus, bombe acid, their use in soils-Germination, malting-
Moisture, air, and um-mill-Influence of light-Office of the leave-s-
-itcom-Formation of organic matter-}lowers, fruit, seeda-Oreanie,
and organised matter-Vitality of embryo-Nature of seeds-Earthy
rahttaneethi plants-Ettetts of climate--Action of plants on the air.
Chapter VIL-Deterioration of soils, its cause-Modes of maintain-
ino the fertility of the soil-Theory of fdlowine-ltotation of croyo-
Subsoil ploughing-Draining-Manure-Orgaitic manure- Animal
manure contains nitrogen-Reaults of putrefaction-Sulphnretted
hydrogen-las of manure-Liquid manure-Animal excrements,
guano-Modes of affixing ammonia, by acids, by gypsum, Btc.-Etlime--Vege-
rong
manures-Wool, rags, oils-Bones -Superphosphate of
table tnanures-Sawdust, OCIAIFCC4 -Green manures-hrigat 11ms-
Inorganic manures-Lime, chalk, marl, shell, sand-Gypsum-
plutte of lime-Ashes-Burnt clay-Soot, charcoal -Gas liquor-
Potash-Alkaline salts-Nitrates, common ralt-Sult and lime.
Chapter %ILL-Composition of particular crops--Composition of
Wheat-Barley-Oats-I:ye-Maim- Itice-Buckwheat- Linseed-
liempsseed-Oilsserds-lteans- Peas-Lentils-Vetches- Ptatoes-
&dams, Jeru ,ilem Artichoke -0 salis -Cabbage-Turnip, - sweet
Potato arrot-Parsnip -Clover -Lucem-Salt foin. Compoaitioa
of particular manures- Cotes urinc-Horse diusg-Pig's dung
Hllllllll excrement:rine-15mm of Oxen-Cows-llorree-lingo-
Farmyard eltuag-Guano-Woud ashes-Lixiviated ashes-Peat ague
-Kelp.
- -

NEW EDITION EDITION of LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY
In doily Svo, price Ss. 6d.,
SCIIOOL BOTANY
Or,tbe RUDIMENTS of BOTANICAL SCIENCE.
BY JOILN LINI)LEY, P.U.D„ F.&S.,
Professor of Botany in University College, London.
A New Edition : with Numerous Alterations and nearly
Four hundred Illustrations.
This work was originally prepared, in haste, to meet a regulation
of the Univeraity of London, by which it was required of all students,
that, two years previously to proceeding to their first degree, the y
should be examined, among other subject% in "The character. and
differences of the principal natural classes and orders of plants be-
longing to the klora of Europe, in the botanical classification of De
Claudette."
The obvious purpose of this regulation was to make young men
acquainted with the names and properties of the vegetation that
surrounds them; so that, after receiving what is called a liberal
education, they might not be thrown upon the world, ignorant of
the names, at least, of the commonest plants of their own country.
In the opinion of the author, the measure was aticulated to effect a
real good, and to supply a wide gap in the common routine of a
school, where it is in
only
desirable that some natural history should be
introduced, if it be only to relieve the tedium of the less attractive
studies to which young persons are necosarily subjected.
But it was also important for the sake of its eulartantial utility.
There may be a difference of opinion as to the advantage of spending
much time upon the study of botany; but there is one opinion only
ns to the importance of knowing the Triunes of the plants of which man
has to make use, or which he is continually meeting with. There is
not at the present day a person of any intelligence, ',monad of such
things, who does not regret that some portion of his youth should not
have been devoted to this kind of inquiry.
The Dorsetshire gentleman f Horn who put himself to cowenaiderableFlorence trouble
and no small expense to carryoig= d from
to London, would have been saved the exertion had he known that
the Hornbeam grew in abundance on his own estate; and it may be
safely roiserted that every one of that celebrated court party which
discovered a prodigy in the beautiful tree in Windsor Park, would
have been glad if their early eilueation had spared them the mortifica-
tion of learning from Lord M. that the tree in question was only the
Spanish Chestnut.
Whatever the future intentions of a student of botany may be it Is
indispensable that the fin t step to be taken should be that of gaining
an acquaintance with the caiumon plants of his own country. In the
absence of that, he cannot mate a single move in advance. lie must
neat master the rudiments of the science, and maste
of r them correctl
him y.
This little book has been prepared for the purpose en ibling to
do so. It contains all that it is necessary to know in order to make
have
a
fair beginning, and it includersno more; so thatany should
the patience to master the whole contents of the volume, he would
then be in a position to carry hisinquiries onwards with ease. But it
is not really necessary to become acquainted with all the plants here
mentioned.
The reason why !..4 many species arc introduced, which are of small
importance, is to enable the teacher to obtain at lei some mut
eapecially of
them to illustrate his teaching. Local ciretunstrurces, and
our uncertain seasons, will always render it T.eult to procure every
thing here mentioned; but no conceivable circums tatters can, in this
country, offer impediments to the examination of a large part. !
In selecting the subjects with which t
arn a
wl
is to be made ,
acquainted, those have been generally chosen which are within any
man's reach ; tine to render the acquisition of
of thmm e more cal enable
the '
vulgar names are added. A very small sum oney will e
every schoolmaster to cultivate the whole in a garden, where they
may be constantly at hand.
In framing the technical characters of genera and species. all the
more minute distinctions, the detection of which requires the aid of a
micrircope, have been intentionally dierefrardeel ; and attention is more '1
especially called to those which are elis tour; enough to be observed by
any one having a pocket leis. the ''prin.
Which of the European natural orders I regard as
certain
I eine." will be apparent, from t ....f. prominence given here to
sutural orders beyond others. The teacher is not, however, mom-
mended altogether to omit those which are stated to be comparatively I
unimportant. The wisest course well be to make the saidente
thoroughly acquainted, in the first instance, with the natural orders'
which are marked from I. to LXXIII., and then to explain morel
lgietly the differences of those to which no numbers are prettied.
In conclusion, the teacher is particularly recommended to take Care I
that. in addition to a small penknife, each Pi talent is provided with a 1
pocket lens of about a half-ineli foetus, and a few quires of paper ;
the former to sasist him in examining, and the latter in drying, the
fresh epecimens of plants daily brought before him. There is no I
method so certain as the latter, to accustom young persons to esti-
mate correctly the differences between one plant and arother ; and,
R is presumed, no one will think it teaching Iknany, without an
ample supply of fresh specimens, which he may ilistnbute among
I his clasp, fur the purpose of being examined and studied at leisure.
Indeed, it is useless to study botany, unless this provision is made
for the acquisition of those habits of oteery tM
of maa which render
' natural history so peculiarly useful as a bruichmental training.
When students do not enjoy the ads-antlm, of a competent
teacher, their best plan will be to put this book into the hands of an
ittelligent truslener, and to Induce him to furnish them weel.ly with
the plants. that are named in it. At home they can compare the
kindof which they may find with the plants thmmelrea, and this
kind of praetice is, of all others, the most certain to lead to advan-
tageous results.
None of the woodcuts employed in the first edition have been
intreilueed on this occasion. Exiser;ence shows that, for purposes
of teaching, it is indispensable that CIA much accuracy as ia attainable
',hand he observed in preparing the illustration,. To the untrained
eye, plans are too lunch alike in re,lity ; ill executed, or neniuteiti
diminished, woodcut; increase this resemblance, and conscsai y
perplex more than instruct The cute now employed will, it is
lisped, render it impoesisle that any mistake should be made by
even the most inexpeneneed as to the plants to which they belong.
The facilities, indeed, offered to artiata by M.r. Palmer's Glypho-
avilshic process, or analogous modes of crime. mg. which have been
chiefly employed on this occasion, Rare little to desire on the score
of accuracy.
Tharersity College, London.
CONTVATEI
Qur'an I.—OF PLANTS IN tiENERAL.
IL—CLASSES OF FLINTS.
lII.—OF SUBDIVISIONS OF F.
IV.--OF TILE
TILSILAMIFLOBAL EXOGEXOOENELNS.
y.—OF CALYCIFIDUAL k3OOENS.
VI.—OF COROLLIFIAMIAL EXOGENS.
S 1
vu.-OF MONOCHULMYDEOUS EIGOSNS.
lIIII.—OF ENDOOENS.
LL-01' CRYPTOtIAMS, or ACROOVISs

D. *Our" a Evans, Whitefrisrs.