The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-08 00:00:00

SPAIN.

GERMANY.

VIENNA, OCT. 4.
To-day is the Namenstag" of the Emperor, and
crowds of inhabitants, dressed in their best, are at this
moment assembled in the cathedral to hear the high
mass in honour of the occasion. At noon the Em.
poor will receive the congratulation of the court,
diplomatic and military bodies, &e.
believedo n
Wednesdayll at the
Ind ministerialto no
o r i
results. it.t ist
Nr niter
decision l generally
1 GIl council
any
point was come to, and
the same suspense continues on the subject of war
with Turkey. and the promised constitution. The
nature of the impediments which have arisen to pre-
vent a decision on the former question, is not to be
surmised. Prudence and caution arc not represented
in the imperial councils. Perhaps the council has
discovered that it would be better to wait for an
answer of the Sublime l'ort to the Austrian demand
for compensation for the injuries and damage
done to Austrian subjects during the Bosnian insur-
rection, before taking more than preparatory steps
for a campaign against Turkey. lhat military pre-
parations are being made can no longer be concealed.
I myself have seen several battalions in the
southern high-road, on their march for the Turkish
frontier. They are reported by the government
agents to be marching into Croatia, because great ,
discontent is beginning to manifest itself in that
province, owing to the general distress; but, if addi-
tional military force is necessary in Croatia to keep
in awe a disturbed population, surely the government
would think twice before it sent Croat regiments,
composed of men born in the very disturbed districts,
to keep them in order. Such a step would be highly
impolitic, and contrary to the usual policy of the
Austrian government, which garrisons a discontented
province by troops of a different nationality. Po-
pular rumour exaggerates very much the increase
now being made in the Austrian forces on the Turk-
ish frontier. Instead of 40,000 men, I believe that
only 10,000 arc on the march. If the Porte return
a compliant answer to the demands for compensation,
the main ground for making war will vanish; for,
unless renewed disturbances arise iu Ilungaly from
the liberation of Kossuth and his companions in con-
finement, the Austrian Emperor and his minister,
Prince Schwarzenberg, have no valid reasons for
desiring to punish the Porte for setting the illus-
trious exile at liberty. For the moment the question
continues to wear a doubtful aspect. The imperial
council would not come to any decision on the other
question—the constitution—because that important
document is not yet finished.
Baron Kraus's order to the bank to supply the
sum deficient in the new loan has become known to-
day, and has created a little panic in the panic-
accustomed 'change of' Vienna. London has risen to
12H., and other bills in proportion. Lisbon, yester-
day at 19, is to-day at 20 per cent. premium. These
pnces are also very little better than nominal, for
no business was doing. Purchasers of London and
other foreign bills are compelled to transact business
in secret, and to pay whatever price the holders may
ask. Were the transactions of business on 'change
uutampeeed by police restriction, and the constant
fear of trial by court-martial for doing business with
a view to effect an unfavourable change in the
money market, the quotations of to-day would stand
much higher. The quotations which you publish by
telegraph from this city must therefore be received
with caution.
Speculation is rife as to the next measures which
the -Minister of Finance will have recourse to. He
acknowledges that the loan has proved a failure;
his acknowledgment is perhaps not wanted. In his
programiue for the new loan, the Baron Kraus, act-
ing upon what can only be called most unreasonably
sanguine calculations, declared that he would only
give 16 per cent. premium for payments in silver on
behalf of subscriptions towards the new loan during
the month of September, and for the present month
only 15 per cent. During the month of September
silver has once been quoted at 16, to-day it is 20, and
the other three days of the month has varied from
is to 19.,' per cent. Such a total failure requires no
acknowledgment. It is too plain. Instead of de-
predating the value of silver and gold, the new
loan, because a failure, has raised the price of both,
and, unhappily for the empire, not merely fur the
moment. (hose who venture to deal in bullion
speculate, with very considerable chance of success
on a rise. These rising fluctuations must be-
fore long produce the most fatal consequences.
Already the
_prices of food have risen very
considerably. Every one exclaims against the dear-
ness
of provisions. Lodgings have risen 23 per cent.,
and the philanthropic journals aro exclaiming
against the usury practised by the landlords. There
is every prospect of a further rise, which can only
end iu the gradual cessation of all trade and com-
merce, and universal bankruptcy. What can the
finance minister do ? Thu last loan was a fixed one,
but force was applied only to the small tradespeople.
He can only attack the property of the church and
nobility. Both arc rich, and their coffers would
supply the treasury of the empire with a couple of
hundred millions without much difficulty. Still that
sum would only be a temporary relief. Reduction
of the army and reform in the expenditure of the
government
are the only means of permanent relief.
Former letters have shown they will not be resorted
to, and the Lloyd this morning confirms my views,
in an article which in an opposition journal would
be considered the height of malicious irony. The
Ll.,d recommends the saving of a million of
florins annually by publishing the laws of
tho empire in one printing establishment, and
in one language, and not in ninety, as is the
case at present. Bitter, indeed, is the satire con-
veyed in the recommendation. It is the old story,
saving the penny to squander the pound, translated
into millions. The expense of maintaining the army
is something like a hundred and fifty millions a-year.
How is this state of things to end? Baron Kraus is
an honest man, but he belongs to the servile, obedient
race of men who sit in office and consider their duty
to God and their country to be best accomplished by
unhesitating obedience to the dictates of their supe-
riors. Baron Kraus does as he is told, and has not
the courage to tell his master that what he is told to
do is ruinous.

MADRID, Ocr. 1.
The arrival of the English President of the Board
of Trade, Mr. Labouchere, although clearly stated to
be a mere pleasure excursion, is interpreted by many
to be pursuant to another attempt of the English
government to give an impulse to the free•trade
principles which arc evidently progressing, and to
obtain, if possible, some immediate modification in
the tariff and navigation laws. Others believe that
the visit is occasioned by a desire to make some
arrangement with respect to the debt. Whatever
the cause may be, the visit, ns it has coincided with
that of Mr. Olivicra, Count Tojal's cousin, who has
come as representative of some of the English bond-
holders, has been copiously commented on both in
the press and in political circles. Mr. Labouchero
has been exceedingly well received here. lie has
had an audience of the president of the council of
ministers, M. Bravo Nlurillo. It is little probable
that while this gentleman is in power that the
foreign creditor or the foreign trader will have much
to hope for; he cripples the resources of
the country by his prohibitive measures, and nullifies
by his narrow interpretation of the tariff law, the
few advantages to be derived from it. The Custom-
house revenues are daily diminishing. The month of
August of the present year shows a falling off of
receipts to the amount of 235,834 teals in comparison
with that of last year, and 2,532,232 reals less than
what was calculated upon. Alone in the first months
of this year the estimates present a deficit of
12,417,143 reals, and compared with that of the
expenses, give the sad result below mentioned :
Receipts of the first eight months of the year 743,447,499
Expenses of the same

Deficit

So that the English creditors may renounce all
hopes of being satisfied, whilst a minister who can-
not balance the outlay with the income remains at
the head of affairs.
It is said that the Cortes will be convoked
on the Ist of November. General Narvaez is ex-
pected in Madrid as soon as ho receives the news of
the Cortes being opened. His relentless enemy, Gen.
Pavia, has published a memoir of the civil war in
Catalonia, in which very heavy charges are brought
against Narvaez. The persecution of the opposition
papers still continues. Yesterday three editions of
the Epoca were seized, the last of which merely con-
tained the news from Cuba.
The Madrid Gazette of to-day publishes de-
crees containing reforms in the administration of the
island of Cuba. They enact that the department of
the President of the Council is to despatch all affairs
relative to the colonial possessions, with the excep-
tion of such as are at present specially directed by
the Ministers of Finance, War, and Marine. They
create a colonial council, which, in addition to
other powers, may
.propose, through tho President of
the Council f Ministers, who is to preside over it, all
measures it may consider useful to the colonies. The
Vice-President of the Colonial Council is to have a
salary of 60,000 reals, and the ordinary councillors are
to receive 30,000 mils. The colonial section of the
royal council is suppressed; that of the marine
department is united to that of foreign affairs. The
report, which precedes the ordinances, states that the
object of them is to increase the rapidity of action of
the government, to neutralise the effects of the dis-
tance from the mother country, and to make the
action on the colonies as certain and advantageous
as possible. The captains-general of each of the
colonies are to conduct the affairs of the several colo-
nies under the control of the President df the Council
of ministers, aided by special councils. M. Louis
Lopez Ballestros, formerly minister of finance, and
senator of the kingdom, has been appointed vice-
president of the Colonial Council, and amongst the
ordinary councillors named are : Lieut.-General de
Es later, senator, and formerly captain-general of
Cuba, and Count de Mirasol, senator. Fearing that
its official correspondence with its agents of the
United States and the authorities of Cuba may run
some risk in its passage through the American terri-
tory, not on the part of the government of the Union,
but on that of mobs in some of the towns, the go-
vernment has decided that henceforth it shall be for- I
warded by couriers. The Herald° proposes to raise
a subscription for recompensing the defenders of
Cuba. From a return published in the Ga:ette, it
appears that the treasury receipts of the month of
August, 16.11, amounted to 123,169,042 reels, being
3,397,214 more than in the corresponding month of
„ 1840.

MADRID, Oc-r. 2.
The Gazelle of to-day contains a decree ordering
that the body of General Eons be brought to the
Peninsula at the expense of the country, and with
the military honours due to his rank ; that besides the
pension to which his widow is entitled as widow of a
captain-general (the widow of an officer killed on the

Tho proprietor of the Friedens &Rung (Peace
Journal) has had a compulsory interview with the
court-martial of Vienna for printing a small notice of
the Hungarian colony in the United States. His
answer to the accusation was, that he had excerpted
it from the official journal, the Reicits-Zettuv. Judge
his astonishment, when the sapient members of the
august court nevertheless reprimanded hint most se-
verely, adding, that what a largo journal like the
Reicks-Zeituny was allowed to print, could not be
permitted in a small one.
It is officially announced in Lemberg that the
Emperor intends to visit Galicia on the 10th of Oc-
tober. The imperial visit will include Cracow, Tar-
now, arc.
Count Potocki, a member of one of the moat in-
fluential noble families of Poland, a gentleman of
1 vast wealth, and generally held to be semi-conserva-
tive in his political opinions, has been arrested and
confined iu the citadel of Lemberg. The grounds of
this stop are not known, but it is supposed that the
order came from Paris, where Chevalier Weiss von
Starkenfels, the Vienna director of police, is at Pre-
sent conferring with M. Carlier.
An official announcement in the Path Gazette
informs us that the legal courts, established by impe-
rial decree in Hungary, for settling the claims of
private persons on the property of persons condemned
by court-martial, and of those who have fled their
country, accused of high treason, arc to be opened
forthwith. The lower court is to meet on the sth of

field of battle being entitled to a pension equal tolOctober, under the presidency of Jos. EC.tri'si, and
that of a grade above the one her husband held) she the upper court on the 10th of November.
is to have a pension of 20,000 male, and the scarf of I The regulation of the Jewish public worship and
the Order of Noble Ladies of Maria Louisa. Another school affairs in Hungary has been confided to Baron
decree authorises the Minister of War to raise a cm- Sacher, formerly councillor to the government of
dit of five millions of reals for the purpose of sup- Galicia.
plying the coasts with suitable artillery. The Dr. Ifeekscher, one of the members of Archduke
minister of the navy is authorised also to purchase John's ministry during the Frankfort parliament, has
two steamers, of 120 horse-power each, to serve as , recently made a long tour in Hungary, for the par.
coast-guards at the island of Cuba. A royal decree ; pose of' purchasing landed property. lie intends
appoints Vicente Vasquez Queipo as director-general i publishing a work on Hungary.
of the Colonial Board. This nomination will not I
probably give much satisfaction in the colonies, his
views being narrow and his policy short-sighted. A
public subscription has been set on foot ,or the
families of the petty officers and soldiers killed in the
different skirmishes with Lopez. At the head of the
list is the English ambassador, Lord Howtlen " as an
officer who has served with the Spanish army." His
lordship puts his name down for 3,000 reals (.50/.)

DENMARK.

By our letters from Hamburg'', dated the sth, wo
receive the intelligence of the opening of the Nat Lona/
Diet of Denmark by the King in person. In the
King's address to the chambers it is stated " that the
government is exerting its utmost endeavours tc
have the boundaries of the monarchy and the suc-
cession of the crown definitively and securely fired,
in which endeavours it has &en met in the most
friendly manner by all foreign powers, who eon-
' tinue to be on the best terms of amity with tho
Danish nation."