The Express.
London, England, 1851-12-31 00:00:00

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS.

The British Electric Telegraph Company have 11,4
commenced laying down their system of telegraphic com- a
munication uniting Liverpool and Manchester, and the a
Yorkshire towns of Halifax, Bradford, Huddersfield, and X
Leeds, with Hartlepool, Stockton, hull, and other north- V,
eastern ports. Their offices in Manchester and Liverpool ''
are close to the Exchanges in those towns, and coniesuost
for business. The Magnetic Telegraph Company are said
to have laid down their wires between Liverpool and Yew
cheater, (taking the line of the London and North Western
Railway, whilst the other new company go by the Lanca-
shire and Yorkshire Railway route, taking Balton and
Wigatt on their way), and are supposed to be nearly ready
for business. The latter company carry their wins
under ground, whilst the British Electric l'elegraph COM.
pany will have them above ground, something like the
wires of the old Company. Meanwhile, so far us the public
are concerned, the advantages of competition are already telt
in the reduction of terms by the old company, who some
time since lowered their prices nearly one-half, chargkg
for 20 words between Liverpool (or Manchester) and Len-
eon 51. instead of Bs. &l. Between Liverpool and Mau-
cheater they have reduced their charges still more materi-
ally, conveying melanges of 20 words now for a shilling
instead of half-a-crown, as formerly. The distance from
Manchester to Liverpool is over 30 miles, so that a charge
of a shihing (which is the amount the railways woeld
charge for delivering the message as a parcel) is very ream 0-
able. In this country, where the distances between the
large commercial towns are comparatively small, the al-
vantages of the telegraph will perhaps never be felt to sash
an extent as they are on a great continent like that If
America, where the distances are thousands instead of hue-
dreils of miles, and where the rail can never ea
nearly compete with the wire as it does in this
country. It would be a curious inquiry to what
extent the electric wires have interfered with rail-
way traffic. We have heard commercial men say the:
they can do business through the telegraph where they
would formerly have to send special messengers, or under-
take the journey themselves; but there is no doubt the
telegraph, like all great discoveries, has created wants of its
own, and supplied wants, which would never have been
known but for its invention. The railway stock-broker,
who cannot obtain particular stocks on the London Ex-
change within the limit assigned by his employer, and who
halfoas-nour after yards receives a message (in answer to
his own) to say that the order has been executed on
the Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, or tome other exchange
200 miles away, would probably never have transacted the
bu-iness at all but for this wonderful convenience. The
merchant who has neglected to make provision to take up •
bill in London, and discovers the neglect only un the day
when it becomes due, and who walks into the Telegraph-
aloe at Liverpool, aid pays down the amount, with the ne-
=instructions, surely has an advantage which the
of the ladies could not have purchased ten years
sp. The man who has left home forgetting to put suffi-
cient money in his purse, or who has promised to eat his
New Year's dinner with a friend, sad at the last moment
lads he cannot keep the engagement,—or Is summoned
soddenly to the bedside of a dying relative fur who in the
Met case is informed half-an-hour later that " all is over,"
cad that money and time would be sacrificed needlessly by
the journey), hes also reasons for feeling satisfac-
tion that such an extraordinary agent has been
within his reach. We have reason to believe,
lever, that the present Electric Telegraph Company
have greatly increased their receipts by the reduction of
prices, which is, perhaps, the beat proof that they at first
fixed them a trifle too high. In some such cases as those
we have enumerated no charge that was nut very high
would be grudged, perhaps; but in cases where commercial
transactions are concerned, and which lewd bec me in time,
if they have not already, the chief business of the tele-
graph, low prices are important, as entering into the calms
a. I lotion on which each particular transaction is based.
so

IRISH SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH.—The success
attendant on the establishment of the submarine telegraph
between England and France, has induced the projection,
by parties in connexion with the Electric Telegraph Com-
pany, whose wires were lately extended to the port of
Holyhead, of a similar chord of communication between
England and Ireland. The parties propose to carry it out
by sinking in the first instance a four-wire cable, the manu-
facture of which hu been commenced, on a somewhat
similar, though said to be improved, principle to that
already down between Dover and Calais. Two of thew
wires are to be for the exclusive use of governmen., and
two for commercial and general purposes. The distance
between Holyhead ant: Kingstown, at which Latter place
the wires will connect with those on the Great Southern and
Western Railway at Dublin, Cork, and Galway, will require
upwards of 60 miles of cable, or three times the extent 61 that
between Dover and Calais. By this means, when effected,
the communication between England and Ireland will,
like that between London and Paris, be almost instantan-
eous, the communication across the channel now occupying
several hours by the fastest steamers, which, with their
mails, in rough weather are oftentimes detained. The
proposed establishment of steam-packets between Galway
and New York will greatly facilitate the transmission of
American news by this agency, as compared with the route
by Liverpool. There is very little doubt but that when the
wires are laid down Englishmen and Irishmen will be able
to hold constant communication across the channel, by the
payment of Is. or ad. per message.

PROPOSED BIMIOPRIC OF SOCTIIWAIIIL.— A pro-
position will, it is said, be brought before parliament in the
ensuing session for dividing the diocese of Winchester, and
establishing a separate bishopric for Southwark, which is to
comprise the whole of the arehdeaconry of Surrey. The
church of St. Saviour, Southwark, is to be the cathedral.
The diocese of Winchester at present contains 631 benefices,
of which upwards of 200 will form the diocese of South-
wark. The income of the new bishop (the same as that of
the Bishop of Manchester, 4,2061.), to be paid out of the
funds of the ecclesiastical commissioner', until the next
vacancy in the bishopric of Winchester, when it will be
taken from the revenues of that see, the future income of
which has been filed at 8,0001. ; the new bishop to have a
seat in the House of Lords by rotation, as provided in the
Manchester Bishopric Act. —Morning i'oper.
Tin TWEED SALMON POACIIERS.—Owing to the
' apparently approaching extirpation of the salmon, the pro-
prietors of the Tweed fisheries resolved to make additional
efforts this year to protect the breeding fish during close
time. On the lower parts of the river these efforts have
been very successful; but much difficulty, and we may say
danger, are encountered in trying to pr:vent the work of
destruction is the upper Peeblesbire districts. la the vil-
lage of luncrleithen particularly the law is openly defied,
and the poachers muster nightly at the sound of the horn
in bards of a hundred, and sally out resolved to overpower,
if they can, any force brought against them; and so for-
midable have they become that it is not thought safe to
interfere with them unless the bailiffs muster 30 strong,
Such also is the amount of terrorism exercised by the
, chiefly by nocturnal outrages on doors and win-
Etrehere
s, and by threats of personal violence, that for 17 miles
eking the banks of the river it has been Mend impossible to
(Memo ludgirgs for the bailiffs. In consequence of some
window-breaking and threats, even a nobleman, formerly
zealous on the side of the law, has been frightened into
prohibiting the bailiffs from lodging on his estates. This is
a bad example, and that set by some other magistrates and
officials is so verry little better that there is about as much
law in Tweedilals this winter as them was 300 years ago.—
Scotsman.
• QUEBEC AND RICIIMOND RAILWAT.—The works
upon this line have at length been commenced.