The Express.
London, England, 1848-01-11 00:00:00

PROVINCIAL.

CANDIDATES FOR THE OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT
TISCHERS.-013 Saturday afternoon a number of persona of
both sexes, desirous of becoming teachers in the government
schools about to be eatablishi d, met at the Musichell, Bold-
street, Liverpool, to hear an address from Dr. Hume, on
subjects in connexion with the duties they are about to as-
sume. The learned gentleman spoke of the low estimation
in which instructors had hitherto been regarded in this
country. If there were one thing to be desired more than
another it was, that we should have good and efficient
teachers. The estimate of the education of the poor iv as
one in six, which in this town, with a population of 300,000,
would give 50,000 children under scholastic training. The
lecturer showed the fallacy of instructing .without teaching
or training ; and this fallacy he illustrated ty indicating the
case of an apprentice, who was taught practically. The
actual possession of knowledge and the zeal to impart it
might be distinct, though formerly they were taken for
granted as synonl mous. Now we know that the latter
quality is indispensable in the teacher. He did not approve
of the entire abrogation of flogging, on the principle that a
child, from the development of the animal propensities so
much earlier than the moral powers, iv. in some respects, an
inferior animal. Alluding to the quackery of teachers, who
profess to teach a particular rejoice an some new principle,
and particularising arithmetic, he said it was impossible.
Experiment may exist in a thousand fermi—science only
.in
one. The absurdity of parents interfering with the in-
structor respecting the mode in which their children should
be educated was pointed out. In all these cases the judicious
teacher will quickly carry out his own plans. He will bear
in mind that for the good of all each 'Lust be subjected to •
general training. In Prussia and France, in Switzerland,
all over Germany, in America, end in Scotland, increased at-
tention was being paid to education, as the only means of
making good citizens. Rf( rring to the mode in which exa-
minations are generally conducted is the teachers' training
schools at present in existence, the fault was, that there was
no arrangement made for preparing the candidate., and this
deficiency was to be observed in the new government scheme.
It was to remedy this defimency that the present lectures
were commenced. Saturday bad been fixed on as the mod
suitable day for the teachers themselves. The subjects
would embrace all that comes within the sphere of general
education, and the hearers would, under certain eircum-
reanecs, be at liberty to ask questions. The object was
not only to instruct those who might he deficient in
scholastic attainments, but also to accustom the timid to the
catechetical mode of examination adopted at the public exa-
minations.
-•

LAUNCH OF A STRAII.SHIP AT BIRKENIIE‘II—
Saturday forenoon a new iron steamer, the Cambria,
was launched from the bulding-yard of Mr John Laird.
The Cambria has been built for government, and is intended
for the passage bftween Dublin and Holyhead. She is a
sister vessel to the St. Columba, launched from the same
yard a few months ago. The Cambria is of 700 tuns,
builders' measurement, 193 feet in length, 27 feet beam, with
• depth of hold of nearly 15 feet. Her engines, which are
to be of 370-horse power, are to be fitted up by Messrs. For-
rester and Co., the same firm who furnished the St. Co-
lumba. She is sharp built both fore and aft, and i• alto-
gether • fine specimen of naval architecture.
YORKSHIRE..
..
.•

'FITE YORK FARNIEILs'7 CLUB held a meeting on
Thursday. Dr. Layerek raid ..—The heath of the horse and
the cow was a matter of very great importance to tho farmer;
in fact, if he have not healthy animals he must eufftr a di-
minution of profit in proportion to their defective condition.
In this cold climate it was necessary that the horse and cow
should be shy tered from the weather, so that we have to en-
close them within four walls and a roof. It was often found
that stables were very little better than this. Perhaps there
was a little square hole near the door, with a sort of eliding
shutter, and thst was used partly as a shelf and partly to
admit air. The stable was usually closed up at night, the
horse was left to himself, and next morning the atunepliere
was found to he so impure that the delicate organs oc went
aeon perceived an unpleasant state of things. N 0.., a horse
could not be really healthy in such a condition, and there-
fore when the farmer shut up his cattle within four walls
and a roof, be not only excluded the extensal sameephe re,
but he prevented that which war in from going out ; and,
in addition to this, there was the collection of dirty straw,
urine, and dung, which were allowed to remain from
time to time, by which the atmosphere was rwdered
still more impure. The doctor then mentioned several
points illustrative of the nee,sity of a change of
air being attended to in the construction of stables.
Another important thing to be observed war a full supply of
light to stables and cow-houses. He helitved that it wan
important that animals should have plenty of light as that
man should, for the full development of their organistn. lie
thought, as glass was so cheap, formers would be willing to
adopt this suggestion in the construction of their buildings.
He briefly alluded to the importance of clearing away
the excreta from animals, and pointed out the necessity
of taking away the under straw of the animal's
bed, as it was often that that was allowed to lay a long
time. He considered that it was injurious f r the
animal, and that to frequently remove it would be
found very economical. The proper temperature for a horse
was from 10 to 50 degrees ; but how was this to be secured ?
Perhaps the simplest plan was is have the roof undtrdrawn,
however slightly ; and then to have a ventilator in the centre
of the roof, proportioned to the size of the stable. 'I his would
let oat all the warm air ; but as that rushes out, cold air rushes
in from the crevices at the doors or window, to supply Alas
vacuum. But the rushing in of cold air must be guarded
against, or the horse would he starved ; therefore, he would
suggest there should be an opening next the door, at the
remotest point from the animal, to ad rut of cold air from with-
out ; and to break the strength of the current a piece of per-
forated nine or close wire-work should be used to cover this
hole, by which the air would be admitted gently. The lec-
turer then threw out the hint that a fire-place in a 'table
would he of great service.—Mr. E. Allen could not agree
with Dr. Laycock as to the adoption of a fire-place in •
stable ; and as to a great deal of light, he thought that
was unnecessary, as hence were mostly out sit day.—
Dr. Laycock said it would apply to those animals which
were stall fed, and to horses which are mostly in towns.—
The Chairman (Mr. Ware) valued the lecturer's suggestion
both as to light and air, but did not agree with him as to the
policy of adopting fire places, because of the danger off
There was, however, one sense in which that might be
adopted, and that was to warm a stable in winter, previous
to a horse being turned in, after a day's journey or work.
NO7TINGIIANSHIRE.
UNEQUAL PIiESISUEE or Foos RATES.— A Jetta