The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-05 00:00:00

did not sweat their power, they should at least exhibit
their dissatisfaction. He was asked that morning whether
he.wistied to go to war ? to which be answered, that he was
a man of peace, and that he was not for going to war ; but
that as they had a certain portion of money within
their power, intended and guaranteed to be paid
under this treaty, they should not be bound to
keep one portico of the stipulation while the other was
broken. lf Russia did not keep its engagements with
them, they were at liberty. to stop any further payment of
that money. With these views he purposed to submit to the
house the four resolutions which he held in his hand. The
three first contained matters of fact, on which the fourth
was founded. The treaty was framed for the purpose ei
providing a balance of power in Europe, and there was no
countrry which made greater sacrifices than England to this
great object. There were three partitions of Poland,which took
plate in 1772,1793, and 1795, but England never sanctioned
such acts of robbery and plunder under the divides
which was agreed to at Vienna. England then aseeiliimi
her honour, and this wee an act of the grossest iogratitede
MraP':lttreltem
by
Emperor of
fAcusr
frn,rl,gln.ijltaadt
whenat slcph,siaeocrinflwoes..
at the gates of Vienna, and when there was not a shilling
in the country to support an army to meet him, England lent
Austria 6 or 7 millions sterling to enable her to protect herself.
Each of these treaties guaranteed the other, and they finally
concluded with the treaty of Vienna, which was signed by
all the monarchs of Europe excepting Spain—there being
then no representative from the court of Madrid at Vienna.
The King of Sweden appeared amongst the rest; and here
he was reminded of the fact that we sanctioned the robbery
by which Norway was given to Sweden. Lord Castlereagh,
whom he had considered a cold-hearted, indifferent man,
stated that this spoliation had given him great trouble.
Lest there should be any doubt that we were
bound to protect Cracow, he would refer to the first
article in the treaty between the three powers, Austria, Rus-
sia, and Prussia, and recognised by the 118th section of the
general treaty, and it was this Cracow, with its territory,
shall be considered for ever no a free, independent, and
strictly neutral city, under the protection of the three high
contracting powers." Then the following article was intro-
duced :
Tbenneetteerts atop tempest, and to muse to be respected, sun
tiros as antrolley of the fro thy of Cracow and id territory; and
as snarl three oast h pan say pretence whatsoever. On the
Other lin, it is misisamth cal ezpreally stipulated that the free
city did weer, et Oruro shith ast 'nerd any asylum or protection
b 1101111111, Isalaftsy or prnn oder prosecution, belonging to
the esanner detain cite arse usuerelite Powers; and thd on
desandsf *air wanesise WtY impugn authorities, such tn.
annals be smith want &by, sad delivered up, under a
proper nowt, Is Ile pith opplatol to naive them at the frontier.
The noble lord (Lord Palmerston) had very properly shown
that no suck requisitioa had taken place, and it had also
been proved that so soak pawn could have been in Cracow,
without its having bon known to the authorities. This,
however, was not the first violation of the treaty. The Em-
peror of Russia had violated the treaty as to the kingdom of
Poland, made at the same time, and incorporated with the
treaty of Vienna. He had condemned some of the members
of the Diet of Warsaw to sweep the streets—he had
confiscated property, and, after having guaranteed the
liberty of the press, he had destroyed it. It was said that
Lord Grey protested against this violation of the treaty in
1839; if so, he should like to see the protest. They ought
to have the wickedness of these men, these violators of oaths
and treaties, laid open to public condemnation. (Hear,
hear.) The Emperor of Russia had been utterly reckless of
the treaty of Vienna, and we ought to disconnect ourselves
with each faithless and unprincipled men—we ought to stand
slue, instead of being dragged with them into such treaties.
Year by year, and step by step, the treaty had been violated,
until nothing remained of it. Every article of the treaty, as
regarded Poland, had been broken by Ruses, until, in
1832, the constitution of that unhappy country was for-
mally put an end to, since which the people had been
banished to Siberia for political offences—their religion had
been abolished, and the revenues of the national churches
appropriated to the purposes of another creed—and this fact,
he hoped, would secure him the support of the hon. baronet
the member for the University of Oxford(Sir R. H. Inglis)—
Thousands of children had been dragged away to be taught
the Russian language ; the Poles, in tact, had been forbidden
the use of their own language—had been robbed of all their
public institutions, which by the treaty the emperor pledged
himself to maintain, and made the serfs anti slaves of an un-
relenting tyrant. Lord Castlereagh stated, that the whole
object of the British minister at Vienna was to settle per-
manently the peace of Europe and to preserve the balance of
power ; but the legal sanction given by theConerusof Vienna
to the settlement of territories then made was at en end.
the partition of Poland was no longer legal—(hear, hear)—
and all Europe was free from the yoke placed upon it by the
treaty of Vienna—(hear, bear)—and each country was at
liberty to assert its own independence. The right to restore
Poland free and entire existed. (Hear, hear.) He did not
know why the same rule should not apply on the Rhine and
the Po as on the Danube, and why the states which had
suffered spoliation should not revert to their original owners.
The rogues had quarrelled, and those whom they had robbed
should have a chance of restitution. (Hear, hear.) He
thought all the subjects of the northern tyrants were ab-
solved from their allegiance. The day might come when
the twenty-two or twenty-three millions of Poles might be
reined to resistance, for what had taken place rendered phy-
sical force the rule of the day. (Loud cries of "Hear, hear.")
The destruction of Cracow as a free state destroyed the au-
thority of European law—there was no longer any interna-
tional law in Europe, for if this violation was allowed, the
faith of all treaties was gone. (Hear, hear.) He went
further, and ventured to say that such proceedings
threatened the peace of Europe it was but one
step towards further acts of aggression, which was in some
measure proved by the correspondence that had lately taken
place between Austria, Russia, Prussia, sad the government
of Switzerland, in which the three northern powers in the
, same note had the impudence—alter the annexation of Cra-
' cow—to speak of their being faithful to international obli-
gations (a greater falsity was sever pronounced before any
criminal judge in the world), and they then proceeded to
speak of their desire to cultivate friendly relations as
long as the federal government in Switzerland was main-
tained entire ; any departure from which might there-
fore afford a pretext for further aggression. (Hear, hear.)
It behoved that bowie to expresa, in language not to be mis-
taken, their abhorrence of the proceedings of these powers,
who thus trampled nationalties under foot. (Hear, hear.)
While they left the government of the country free, he
thought the House of Commons ought to manifest their feel-
lap, at least, as far as they were under pecuniary obliga-
tions to the Emperor of Russia. As he violated the treaty
▪ Vienna, they ought, in justice to themselves and the
'Weed world, to stop his pay. The noble lord opposite
(Lord G. Bentinck) said there was music and dancineand
rejoicing in Cracow for what had been done. But these were
demonstrations on the part of the oppressors, and not of the
oppressed. He would now proceed to show that they were
no longer bound to pay to the Emperor of Russia the money
which had been heretofore paid to him. By the 4th article
of the convention agreed to by Great Britain, Russia, and
the Netherlands, which was included in the treaty of Vienna,
this money was to be paid to Russia on account of what was
called the Russo-Dutch loan on two conditions, but in par-
ticular as long as Belgium should remain in possession of the
King of the Netherlands, and the payment was to continue
from 1815 to 1915. The act of Met Geo. 111. was pseud to
enable his Majesty to carry that convention into Abet, and
the money was accordingly paid till 1831. In 1830, the re-
velation in Belgium and her separation from Holland took
place. This country sanctioned and supported that separation
but continued to pay the money. He (Mr. Hume) ob-
jected to the payment, but the government were opposed
to him. On mound thoughts, however, they were obliged
to bring in an act of parliament to carry. out a new conven-
tion made between England and Russia, with which Hol-
land Lad nothing to do. That convention was stated to be
made for the purpose of explaining and rendering the letter
and spirit of the former agreement more consonant to the
present state of things ; and Great Britain agreed thereby
' to secure to Russia the payment of a portion of her old
Dutch debt, in consideration of the general arrangement of
the Congress of Vienna, to which the had given her eh,
hesion ; arrangements which remain in full foree." This
was the position of affairs on the 16th of Nov., 1831. The
act of the 2nd and 3rd of William IV., e. 81, was passed
to enable his Mejesty to carry out that conventioa ;
when Belgium had been separated,from Holland the former
act and agreement had been set asde. All that he wanted
was that the same thing should be done now that Ramis
had violated the treaty of Vienna. (Hear, hear.) she was
a party concerned in the absorption of Cracow, sad rho bad
no right to profit by her own injustice. He did not urge the
house to take this step on his own opinion. A Iserned
civilian had given his opinion that they were absolved by
law from the observance of the treaty in consequence of
that att. The honourable and learned member for Min-
eola (Mr. Watson) had put into kis hands extracts from I
Vestal, which showed that the whole treaty wee vio-
lated when some of its stipulations were broken. He
had extracts of the same kind from Grotius snit Marten.
From 1816 to 1846 inclusive they paid to Buds a=a
equal to 3,374,47 W., end the further sun tthry Wait have
to pay upto 1916 would. be 3,917,1871., Meth. • nisi
7,291,6661. That was a pretty sum for a aliteeeedl et=
with only a surplus revenue of 60,0001. to pay. Bat
having violated the engagements on which they paid this
money, they ought to stop her pay. By acting is this
Rummer they would only be supporting her Mori=
taut Let them not be afraid of the whiskers at
aims. Let them act justly, and no longer submit to the
ampreeties of paying this money, and let the British Sew
Canners show to the civilised world that they wadi test
suffer,
so fir es it was in their power, at least, this inthathisn
of the treaty of View. The hon. gentleman eemlailet
amidst hod ohms, mans the followin reseistlea
Aid
thio boon, the Withal oiservera es Othint
demos, er Wooed et the Mk thug. Jan. Ile;
as the al *a pan arekteihre of VW alai
aid Wigwam the nosrpaihn of the re Mat Cosseth sal of
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Intarall Ws at Vim', ea the sir asps! NWNINNet nags bf
hewn ath Ueda. ft =WM itusa of the sail trarth.
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am
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halors• Ithe lan alai therms 1114
sal NA ban hriadth son al elm."3:llrons,
1174,41 th death yaw' alai Yet the et the
nth lolonst of the pa of Oa Moth ottplatainVE
set let sod led of Vain the thronte, sop. s 4 vlit mph* Senn
imsolansols hen dr DMA Tranory oath the par 1918,
4704,2 th 5t=17,11171. the nosey,
--whin Ora On thgropts 1,291,9161, sod the
sways ter ate =6::: 72,9111 L 'Al
it the
Cleandlia of the 1110 th belorms kr
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all the liossies, no Ws la with the ifores of Ye teeny
benne Oren lsrlsda, Mods, ad the teeetatemilos etipse at
Lodes to he tab der et My, IPAltad
ninbpth, la the
ate
thins ; sth thst atisa vas agreed (Mat Prins
ae noon as Moth lysone orn of a partite of Yr di Mash
debt la anithollin of foe- patent arrsagewasai of ths saes.
pas of Wm, is nab die had peso law
nagging, phith mob la ten nos." ass snag. Is,
Ohm elm 11. of GOMM LA Rtosi► bolas irllbinn On ad-
bona, sni then arreopeneis bang, trop her an, as hoger
la hay% the porno Inn this gawky, es sass eetat hat dm,
dwell hoothelle weepoiee.