The Express.
London, England, 1853-07-12 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 12, 1853

LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT.

TURKEY.

VIENNA, ScLY 10.

Baron Bruck threatens to break off the relations of
Austria with Turkey if signal satisfaction for the
affair at Smyrna be not rendered within twenty-tour
hours.

The Porte has deposed the new Governor of
Smyrna, and sent a specilti commissioner to examine
into the affair on the spot.
Ali Pacha ascribes the origin of the affray to the
Austrian consul, who kidnapped M. Costa.

MOLDAVIA.
The Wallachian corps of occupation is to reach
Bucharest on the Bth.

SERVIA.

The Austrian Major-General Baron Mayrhoffer
has gone on a minion to Prince Alexander of
Servia.

SPAIN.

MADRID, iVLT 6.

The ministry is again in the midst of a crisis. It
is said that General Lersuodi has offered his resigna-
tion.

HOLLAND.

A document has been published which it is antici-
pated will much assist in putting an end to the dif-
ference with the Papal government. It consists in a
note from Cardinal Antonelli authorising a modifica-
tion of the oath required to be taken by the catholic
prelates, who have also permission accorded them to
reside out of their dioceses.

They enter thew not to make an offensive war
on the Porte, which on the contrary, we shall avoid
with all our power, as long as the Porte shall not
force us to this step; but because the Porte, in per-
sisting to refuse us the moral guarantee which we
bad a right to expect, obliges us to substitute for it
a material guarantee; because the position which the
two powers have taken up in the ports and waters of
Turkey, and even within view of its capital, being
such u, under present circumstances, we cannot re-
gard
in any other light than Oust of maritime occespa- I
Om, gives us an additional reason for re-esta-
blishing
the equilibrium of the reciprocal situations
by taking a military position—(Parceque Is position
qu'ont prise lee deux Puissances dans lea
.ports et
Niue de son Empire, en vue memo de sa capitate, ne
liouvant etre envisages par nous dans les circon-
stances
actie.lles que comme une occupation maritime,
nous donne en outre une raison de retablir requilibre
des situations reciproques moyennant une prise de
position militaire). But further than this we have
no intention of holding this position longer than our
honour and security require. It will be altogether
temporary :it will only serve us for a pledge until
better counsels prevail in the minds of the Sultan's
ministers. In occupying the Principalities for a
time, we disavow beforehand all ideas of conquest.
We do not pretend to any aggrandisement of our
territory. Knowingly and voluntarily we will not
attempt to excite any rising among the Christian
populations of Turkey. As soon as the latter shall
have accorded to us the satisfaction which is our
due, -

.e, and when at the same time the pressure which
the two powers exercise on us shall cease, our troops
shall at once return within the Russian confines. As
to the inhabitants of the Principalities, the presence
of our corps d'armee will not impose on them either
new charges or contributions. The supplies furnished
by them to us will be paid for out of our military
chest at the proper time, and at rates agreed to
beforehand with their governments. The principles
and rules of conduct which we have prescribed to
ourselves in this respect you will find set forth in
the accompanying proclamation, which Prince Gorts-
chakoff, chief of the corps e occupation, has been
instructed to publish upon his entry into the pro-
vinces.
" We do not in the least conceal, Monsieur, how
full of meaning is the attitude which we take, and
what consequences may follow from it should the
Turkish government compel us to come out of the
narrow and limited circle in which we desire to re-
main ; but the position into which Turkey thrusts us
by pushing things to an extreme, by refusing us all
legitimate satisfaction, by not responding by any
concession whatever to all those which Prince Menchi-
koff successively made, bothas to the form and mita the
matter of our propositions leaves no other ciurse open
to us. More than this: the principles so peremp-
torily laid down, notwithstanding the moderation of
the language, in the letter of Iteschid Pasha, as well
as in his note of the 26th ult., to the representatives
of the four Powers at Constantinople, taken strictly,
would go so far as to place all our acquired rights in
question, and annul all our anterior transactions.
"In fact, if the Ottoman government judges it to
be contrary to its independence and rights of sove-
reignty to enter into any engagement whatever,
even under the form of a simple note, in which it
should stipulate with a foreign govcrnment concern-
ing the protection of religion and its churches, what
would become of the engagements which it has
already contracted towards ne under a new obliga-
tory form to protect our religion and its churches in
Turkey? Before we could admit a principle so abso-
lute we must with our own hands tear up the treaty
of Kainardji, with those which confirm it, and volun-
tarily abandon the rights which they have conferred
upon us of watching over the efficacious protection
of the Greek religion in Turkey.
" Does the Porte wish this? Has it the intention
of escaping from all its anterior obligations, and to
employ the present crisis to abolish for ever an order
of relations which time has consecrated?
" Impartial Europe will consider that if the ques-
tion were placed in these terms it would become for
Russia, notwithstanding all her conciliatory inten-
tions, insoluble by pacific means. Then it would be
for us a question of treaties, our ancient influence,
our moral credit, our, dearest national and religious
sentiments.
" Let us be permitted to say that the present con-
test, and all the excitement which the press has
treated concerning it in the public mind, reposes on
a pure misunderstanding, or on a want of sufficient
attention to our political antecedents.
" It seems forgotten that Russia at present vir-
tually enjoys, by position and treaty, an ancient right
of watching over the effectual protection of its reli-
gion in the East ; and the maintenance of this right,
which it will not abandon, is represented as imply-
ing the new pretension of a protectorate, at once
religious and political, the importance of which, pre-
raft and future, is greatly exaggerated.
"It is to this sad misunderstanding that the crisis
of the moment is due.
"The tendency and consequences of our new poli-
tical protectorate have no real existence. We only
demand for our co-religionaries in the East the strict
status quo, the preservation of the privileges which
they have enjoyed ab antiquo under the aegis of their
sovereign. We will not deny that from this may
result for Russia what may justly be denominated
a religious patronage. This is what we have
always exercised in the East. But if hitherto the
Independence and sovereignty of Turkey have been
able to exist together with this patronage, why
should either the one or the other suffer in the
future from the moment when our pretensions are
reduced to what is at bottom a mere contirmatiog?
" We have said, and we repeat it, the Emperor no
more desires to-day, than he has desired in the pest,
to subvert the Ottoman empire or to aggrandise him-
self at its expense. After the very moderate use
which he made of the victory of Adrianople,
when that victory had placed the Porte at his mercy ;
after having, alone in Europe, saved Turkey in 1833
from inevitable dismemberment ; after having in
1839 taken among the Powers the initiative of the
propositions which, executed in common, saved the
Sultan from seeing his throne give place to an Arab
empire, it becomes almost fastidious to give proofs
of this assertion. On the contrary, the fundamental
principle of our August Master has always
been to maintain the present status quo of
the East as long as possible. He has wished
thus, and he wishes it still, because such
Is In fact the well-understood interest of Russia,
&wady too vast to need territorial extension ; be-
aming prosperous, peaceable, inoffensive, and placed
as a useful intermediary between powerful states, the
Ottoman Empire averts the shock of rival powers,
which, if it fell, would at once encounter each other
over its ruins; because human foresight wearies itself
in vain in seeking a combination proper to fill the
void which the disappearance of this great body would
leave in the political systems. But if such are the
real, avowed, and sincere views of the Emperor, it is
necessary, in order for him to remain faithful to
them, that Turkey should act towards us in a manner
which will allow us to co-exist with her. She must
respect her treaties with us, and the consequences
which flow from them ; she must avoid acts of bad
faith, secret persecutions, perpetual vexations prac-
tised towards our religion, which would create an in-
tolerable situation for us, and one which would com-
pel us to trust for a remedy to blind chance.
" Such, sir, are the considerations which you are
charged to represent to the government of —,
bringing to its knowledge, by the present despatch,
the resolutions and intentions of the Emperor.
" Receive, &c.,
(Signed)

" N 1

CONSTANTINOPLE, Jtrxe 27.
Since my last of the lath inst. a printed circular,
addressed by Russia to her representatives at the
different courts, has been distributed here, and will
no doubt ere this have reached London. The affair
of the Shrines, it maintains, was the sole object of
Prince Menchikoff's mission; and this alone will
show the value of the v►'eole document, and afford
ample subject for the answer and refutations of the
press. The rumour respecting the mediation of
France and Austria, I noticed as generally circulated
here, has not been confirmed : that of the latter
power would most probably suit the Emperor, and is
even supposed to be sotto vnee an inspiration of his
own. It remains, however, to be seen whether such
a combination would suit the interests of the Porte.
She would naturally prefer the intervention of the
Four Powers, which would of course lead to a treaty
like that of 1841, enabling her to carry out that
most desirable of all plans for her security, 'hat is, to
enter into the European confederation of states.
A conference of several hours was held yesterday

at the English embassy, Therspia, at which the
French ambassador and the Austrian and Prussian
ministers assisted.
The Caradoc quitted port during the night with
despatches.
News of the Russians entering the provinces is
expected to-morrow. If such should arrive, we are
at another stage of the question. It is an in-
fraction of the treaties, and evidently a cases
belli. What the Porte will do under such
circumstances is not generally known. How-
ever, it will enable her to appeal by a r
manifesto to all Europe against an atrocious j
violation of law and international right. How the
French and English governments hill act under
j these circumstances, is also doubtful ; and whither ,
the ambassadors have been instructed to order up I
the fleets in case of that occurrence. However, one I,
thing is certain, that if this measure be delayed to
the approach of winter, the fleets will become utterly
useless ; while on the other hand the Russian hordes,
inured to all winds and weathers, will be enabled to
advance and carry all before them.
A grave and deplorable circumstance took place
at Smyrna a few days ago, a sort of surcroit de
niallteur at the present moment. A Hungarian
refugee, it appears, had been for some time under the
surveillance of the Austrian agents in that place, and
was finally consigned to the brig of war Hussar by
order of the Austrian consul,ll.Vekbecker. The com-
panions of the man, it seems, very much provoked at
this occurrence, had vowed vengeance on the first
officer of the vessel who should appear on shore; and
unfortunately this opportunity soon presented itself,
in the persons of three young men of good family, of
whom one was shot through the head, and the other
two poignarded, and are in a very dangerous state.
It is fortunate that these rioters were not subjects
of the Porte ; however, from the circumstance of
their being refugees, and under her protection, I fear
it will lead to some disagreeable affair. It is said the
Austrian legation has been at work about it day and
night.

FRANCE.

PARIS, MONDAY EVEN (NI3
The Independence Beige, which arrived here late
this afternoon, contains a new circular of Count Nes-
selrode's, published in the Journal qf St. Petersburg,
and dated June 20. This circular will probably
have alrealy appeared in London. It is the great
news of the day here. The question of peace or war
is now brought to a short issue. If peace must be
' had at any price there is but one course to take :
Turkey must yield unconditionally, and England and
France must shamefully withdraw their fleets from
the mouth of the Dardanelles at the bidding of the Czar
Nicholas. The present manifesto is infinitely more ar-
rogant than Nesselrode's last. England and France arc
treated as aggressors, and the occupation of the Danu-
bian provinces is impudently represented as a measure
of reprisal against them. The object of the circular of
June 11, is stated to have been to inform the great
powers of " our intentions", and especially to recom-
mend Fiance and Great Britain not to complicate
the difficulties of the situation by prematurely taking
steps calculated on the one hand to encourage
the opposition of the Porte, and on the other, to
engage the honour and dignity of the Emperor of
Russia in the question to a greater extent than they
already were. M. Nesselrode now regrets to ar.-
nounce that this recommendation was made in
vain. The two maritime powers have not, he
says, thought fit to defer to the considera-
tions which his government recommended to
their serious attention. Taking the initiative, they
have anticipated a purely " eventual " measure by
the " effective " one of bringing their fleets to the
ports of the Ottoman Empire at the mouth of the
Dardanelles. They have thus made a menacing
demonstration against Russia—they have taken
a species of " maritime occupation" of Con-
stantinople, which urgently called upon Russia
to advance her army across the Pruett in order to be
upon equal terms with them. The refusal of the
Porte being supported by France and England, it is
now " more than ever impossible to modify the
resolutions" taken by the Emperor. This official
declaration that the Czar will not yield an inch '
entirely confirms a statement made by the Berlin
Times in more emphatic language, that no effort,
whether made " in a friendly or hostile sense," could
induce the Etnpeor to depart from what he
believed to be his duty to the true faith,
and that he " cannot renounce the slightest
thing, however little essential it may be which
he asks; he must persist in requiring the
literal and absolute accomplishment of his demands."
The present circular renews the hypocritical assu-
rance that the Emperor of Russia does not wish to
make war, but it says distinctly that the provinces
will not be evacuated "until better counsels shall pre-
vail in the cabinet of the Sultan, until the Porte shall
have given the satisfaction demanded, and until the
pressure resulting from the attitude assumed by the
maritime powers shall have ceased." There can be
no mistake about this. If England and France
are prepared to submit to the humiliating course
chalked out for them, the best thing is to send for
the fleets home at once, so that commerce may with-
out delay enjoy the benefit of such a pence as the
present time can alone afford. The Bourse appears
to anticipate this for the funds have again riseu.
The Univers points out some errors in the French
translations of the manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas.
It says:
One would sty that the translator wished to veil from
the eyes of Furore the pretewions of Russia. The mani-
festo dors not only say that the promise of the Sultan was
soon broken, but there is in the text the word " traitoronsly"
(vierolomno). The las* phrase of the manifesto also weakens
the idea of the Emperor. Full of hope in Gin)," says
the Czar, "we shall march to the defence of the orthodox
faith." The translator has omitted the word vpere'd (for-
ward). The Czar does not declare in a general manner
that he will continue to defend the orthodox church, he
announces that he will not remain in Moldavia and in Wal-
las:his, but that he will go further, and will pursue his
march into the states of the Grand Seigneur. This conclu-
sion is in perfect harmony with the spirit which dictated the
Imperial manifesto.
An article in the Ihniteur is devoted to a con-
sideration of the fortified cities in Germany, of the
value of the majority of which, in a strategical point
of view, but an indifferent opinion is entertained by
the writer. Of Vienna it is stated that experience
has repeatedly shown its inability to resist an army,
viz., in 1805, 180 e, and 1848. Antwerp is included
amongst the German fortresses, as it is stated it
ought to be regarded as serving rather to the defence
of Germany than of the country in which it is
situated.
Considerable firmness was evinced throughout the
day at the Bourse, and a slight advance in prices
had even taken place in the Three per Cents., at the
termination of business, the quotation for money
showing an advance of lee., and that for the end of
the month of 15c. In the Four-and-a-Half per
Cents. for the account no change occurred, whilst for
cash there was a decline of lee. An advance of sf.
took place in Bank of France shares. The following
were the fival quotations:—For cash : Three per
Cents., 771. 10e.; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 102 f.
For the account : Three per Cents., 77.10 f. ; Four-
and-a-Half per Cents., 102 f. Bank Stock, 2,66.3 f.