The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-30 00:00:00

WORKS BY AIR. CHARLES DICKENS.

DEALE46§-WiTiffifi-FißgbYbomßEy
and SON, \Maimle, Retail, and for Exportation. New
Work in Monthly Parts, with Illustrations by H. K. Rums& Price
IL A Number published on the tint of every month.

THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF OLIVER
TWIST. Illustrated by Gamma CRUTZFRAML. Price Ile.
cloth (uniform with •r Tue PICZWICK Paeans.") This edition has
been carefully corrected by the Author tluoughout, and contains the
whole of the orignal Illustrations.

PICTURES FROM ITALY.—Second Edition.
With Vignette Mustrathins. Prior 6e., in foolscap Oro.
Contents.—Paris to Chalons—Lyons, the Rhone, and the Goblin
Avignon—Avignon to Genoa—Genoa and its Neighbourhood—Parma,
Modena, and Bologna—Ferrara—Verona, Mantua, Milan, and the
Simplon—Rome. Naples, and Florence.
lICHRISTMAS CAROL, in PROBE, being $
Ghost Story of Christmas. 11th Edition. Prim de.
LONDON: BIADWORT AND EVANS. W11117711.W.

BITHSTEIN'iI CAGE BIRDS.
price la, illustrated with Woodcuts of Birds, Cages, tee., ; a New
Edition of the
NATURAL HISTORY of CAGE BIRDS; their
Management, Habits, Food, Diseases, Treatment, Breeding,
and the Methods of catching them. By J. M. Becnerare, M.D.
The work of Dr. 13echstein upon Cage-Binh has been so highly
esteemed upon the continent, that it bar passed through several
editions, both in the original and in translation& To this edition
numerous notes have been added, as well as several species Intro-
duced, which have recently been kept with sumer In title country by
the Hon. arid Rev. Mr. Herbert, Mr. Sweet, Mr. Myth, and others.
It is to be hoped that this translation may have Isar imetem and
yeulmse meager Meets ht taimembey the WM Naloret Wad" le
the original published on the continent
"To all keepers of 'Cage Birds' we earnestly recommend this
book."—Examiner.
" A very delightful book of its kind. It seems toes an indispensable
book for the bind-fancier."—Spectator.
" It will be welcome to every gentleman's library or drawing-room
table. Pis superbly got up, with an immense number of vignettes ;
and, in fact, rivals the beauty of the Annuals."—Dispatch.
HAND-BOOKS for the PEOPLE.
THE HAND-BOOK of GARDENING ; exresaly
intended for pergola. possessing, and fond of cultivating, a garden
of moderate rue. Price 2s. cloth, a New and Enlarged Edition.
THE HAND-BOOK of BOTANY; or, Lineman Lemons
on Common Plante, for Field and Garden Practice. Price 2s.
THE HAND-BOOK of AGRICULTURE ; chiefly for the
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THE HAND-BOOK of NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
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MAGAZINE of DOMESTIC ECONOMY.—
Complete in Seven Volumes, price £1 15s.
No present could be selected of a more useltd kind than this valuable
work, which, complete in seven volumes, and bound in dark cloth,
lettered, has been 'educed from £2 Is. 6d. to £1 15s. It is replete
with information not to be found in any other work ; and being care-
fully indexed is cosily referred to.
N. C.—Anv single volume may be had, price 6a. 6d.
London ! W.B. Orr sod l 0.. Paternoster-mow.

NEW EDITION of LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
In demy Boa price Is. &L,
SCHOOL BOTANY
Or,the RUDIMENTS of BOTANICAL SCIENCE.
By JOHN LINDLEY, P.11.D., P.R.S.,
Professor of Botany in University College, London.
A New Edition : with Numerous Alterations and nearly
Four Hundred Illustrations.
This work was originally prepared, in haste, to meet • regulation
of the University of London, by which It was required of all students,
that, two years previously to proceeding to their first degree, they
should be examined, among other subject., in "Ile characters and
differences of the principal natural classes and orders of plants be-
longing to the Flora of Europe, in the botanical classification of De
Undone."
The obvious purpose of this regulation was to make young men
acquainted with the names and properties of the vegetation that
surrounds them; so that, after receiving what is called a liberal
education, they might not be thrown upon the world, ignorant of
the names, at least, of the commonest plants of their own country.
In the opinion of the author, the measure was culculated to effect a
real good, and to supply a wide gap in the common routine of a
school, where it is most desirable that some natural history should be
Introduced, if it be only to relieve the tedium of the less attractive
studies to which young persons are necessarily subjected.
But it was also important for the sake of its substantial utility.
There may be a difference of opinion as to the advantage of spending
much time upon the study of botany ; but there is one opinion only
as to the importance of knowing the names of the plants of which man
has to make use, or which he is continually meeting with. There is
not at the present day a person of any intelligence, ignorant of such
things, who does not regret that some portion of his youth should not
have been devoted to this kind of inquiry.
The Dorseuddre gentleman who put himself to considerable trouble
and no small expense to carry a sack of lionbeem seed from Florence
to London, would have been saved the exertion had he known that
the Hornbeam grew in abundance on his own estate; and it may be
safely asserted that even one of that celebrated court party which
discovered a prodigy in the beautiful tree in Windoor Park, would
have been glad if their early education had spared them the roortifica,
Lion of learning from Lord M. that the tree In question was only the
Spanish Chestnut.
Whatever the future Intentions of a student of botany may be, it is
indispensable that the fin t step to be taken should be that of gaining
an acquaintance with the common plants of his own country. In the
absence of that, he cannot make a single move in advance. Ile must
first master the rudiments of the science, and master them correctly.
This little took has been prepared teethe purpose of enabling him to
do so. It contains all that it is necessary to know in order to make a
fair beginning, and it includesno more ; so that if any one should have
the patience to master the whole contents of the volume, he would
then be in a position to carry his inquiries onward,' with ease. But it
is not really necessary to become acquainted with all the plants here
mentioned.
The reason why so many species are Introduced, which ate of small
importance, is to enable the teacher to obtain at least some part of
them to illustrate his teaching. Local circumstances, and especially
our uncertain seasons, will always render it difficult to procure every
thing here mentioned; but no conceivable circtunstanen can, in this
country, offer impediments to the examination of a large part.
In selecting the subjects with which the studeet is to be made
acquainted, those have been generally
.choeen which are within any
man's reach ; and to render the acquisition of them more easy, the
vulgar names are added. A very small sum of money will enable
eery schoolmaster to cultivate the whole in a garden, where they
may be constantly at band.
In framing the technical characters of genera and species, all the
more minute distinctions, the detection of which requires the aid of a
microscope, have been intentionally disregarded ; and attention is more
especially called to there which are obvious enough to bgobeerved by
any one haring a pocket lens.
Which of the European natural orders I regard as the " prin-
cipal," will be apparent, from the prominence given here to certain
natural orders beyond others. The teacher is not, however, recom-
mended altogether to omit those which are stated to be comparatively
unimportant. The wisest course will be to make the students
thoroughly acquainted, in the first instance, with the natural orders
which arc marked from I. to LXXIII., and then to explain more
briefly the differences of those to which no numbers arc prefixed.
In conclusion, the teacher is particularly recommended to take care
that in addition to a small penknife, each student is provided with a
pocket lens of about a half-inch focus, and a few quires of paper •
the former to assist him in examining, and the latter in drying, the
fresh specimens of plants daily brought before him. There is no
method so certain as the latter, to accustom young persons to esti-
mate correctly the differences between one plant and another • and,
it is presumed, no one will think of teaching Botany, with Out an
ample supply of fresh specimens, which he may distribute among
his class, for the purpose of being examined and studied at leisure.
Indeed, it is useless to study botany, unless this provision is made
for the acquisition of those habits of observation which render
natural history so peculiarly useful as a branch of mental training.
When students do not enjoy the advantages of a competent
teacher, their best plan will be to put this book into the hands of an
intelligent gardener, and to induce him to furnish them weekly with
the plants that are named in it. At borne they can compare the
definition. which they may find with the plants themselven, and this
kind of practice is, of all others, the meet certain to lead to advan-
tageous results.
None of the woodcuts employed in the first edition hare been
introduced on this occasion. Experience shows that, for purposes
of teaching, it is indispensable that as much accuracy as is attainable
should be observed in preparing the illustrations. To the untrained
eye, plants are too much alike in reality; ill executed, or much
diminished, woodcuts increase this resemblance, and consequently
perplex more than instruct. The cuts now employed will, it is
hoped, render it impoooible that any mistake should be made by
even the most inexperienced as to the plants to which they belong.
The facilities, Indeed, offered to artists by sin Palmer'. Glypho-
graphic prone, or analogous modes of engravg, which have been
chiefly employed on this occasion, leave little to desire on the score
of accuracy.
Unirersity College, London.
CONTP.M.
Cairns PLANTS IN GENERAL.
IL—CLASSES OF PLANTS.
111.—OF THE SUBDINISIONS OF EXOOENS.
IV.—OF TBALAMIFIORAL EXOOENS.
Y.—OF CALYCIFLORAL EXOGENS.
VI.- OF COROLLIFLORAL EXOGENS.
VII.—OF MONOCULAMYDEOUS FaCKiENS.
VIII.—OF ENDOGENS.
IL—OF CRYPTOGAMS, or ACROOENS.
Bradbury & Evans, Whitefriars.