The Express.
London, England, 1856-11-12 00:00:00

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

(nom ooz ows

PARIS, TOZBDia EVIIICINCI.

I I can state with certainty that the court will go
to Fontainebleau this month, although many of the
Emperor's advisers have very strongly urged upon
him that, under present circumstances, it would be
desirable at once to take up his residence at Paris for
the winter.

The Bonne bee nmewhat recovered today in con-
sequence of a report that M. Pereigny bad settled
the differences between France and England. The
Rents rose 600. for outs and 30c. for acconnt—oloeing
at 66fr. 500. and 66fr. 60e. Mobilier only recovered
to the extent of 17fr. 500. from yesterday's heavy
fall. The railways improved considerably. Lyons
rose 45(r.; Northern, 21fr. ; Eastern, 20fr.; and Me-
diterranean, 25fr.

If I remembor rightly, there was a hot dispute in
the English perlisment two or three years ago about
the meaning of the French word solidairement; and
it was thought very astonishing that statesmen who
had passed their lives in diplomacy should be capable
of mistaking the import of an expression so com-
monly used. The same word seems likely again
to be a stumbling block, if it be true, as the
Aasemblea asserts against the Singe, that that word is
used in the treaty of April 15, and not the words
"eorjaintement and aeparentent" in reference to the
guarantee of the three powers, Austria, France, and
England, to secure the independence of Turkey. The
Davits thinks that the Assembles is right as to the
text of the tresty,but then it says that there is on this
point nothing bat a misunderstanding easy to explain.
"The misunderstanding arises from this—that there
is no word in the English language equivalent to
sondeirement, and therefore in the English version of
the treaty of April 15 the word was replaced by the
two words col/ointment and separement, which in
the French language are understood in quite another
sense." Now I take leave to doubt that the English
language is so poor as to be unable to supply terms to
express the meaning of the word solidairement, and
it is a pity that the Debate did not explain what is
the "totally different sense" in which the words
conjointement and separtneent are understood in
French. 1 have asked several Frenchmen to-day,
and have not met with one who is able to tell
me. On looking at the dictionary of the
French Academy, I find the word solidairemeng
thus rendered—"Ce qui rend plusienra co-obliges
solidaires lee uns pour lea entree." (That which
renders several co.obligors liable the one for the
other.) It would be difficult to express in plainer
language the precise thing meant by the English
legal phrase "jointly and severally." Applying this
construction to the case in question, it follows that
Austria, England, and France, are all and each bound
to protect the indef. Indent!) of Turkey ; and that it
either or any of those powers decline or neglect to
act, either or any of the others may act separately
and this is the whole argument of the Sleds. I will
not undertake to affirm that there may not be in
French legal phraseology some shade of difference
between solitlairentest and eon/ointment and aepare-
ment, but with due deference to the Debate, I will
maintain (assuming the word solidairement to be in
the treaty) that it was properly translated by the
English words " jointly and severally," and that
these words were not used by way of a desperate
attempt to accomplish the impossible task of render-
ing solidairement into English.

Snow fell in Paris for the first time this 411f3012 at
six o'clock this morning. It however melted rapidly,
and after two or three hours of warm sunshine, with
a westerly breeze, the weather turned to rain, which
continued steadily all day.
The Daily News was seized to-day.
According to the last accounts from Cairo the pre.
parations for the expedition to the sources of the
Nile were nearly completed. Count d'Escayrac de
Lauture, the leader of the expedition, had completely
organised it, having received most active assistance
from the Egyptian authorities. Os the 16th alt. the
Count sent forward two small steamers and four
boats, which were to ascend to the first cataract.
This flotilla was placed under the command of an
English naval omoer attached to the expedition.
The Nile had commenced falling, and the passage of
the flotilla would encounter, it was expected, but
few dificultiea.

The Emperor and Empress honoured the French
Opera last night with their presence, to witness the
new opera, the "Has de Florence;" the libretto is
by M. de St. Georges, and the music by M. Belem.
I am credibly informed that the Council of State
has recently come to a resolution that in future no
railway company shall be allowed to issue new obli-
gations unless it is able to show that it has never
hitherto made use of the money raised by obligations
in order to Morelia. dividends. As very few com-
panies would be in a condition to prove that they
have been immaculate in this respect, the news has
struck terror wherever it is knows and believed, and
I have little doubt that it has been the immediate
cause of the panic which prevailed in the railway
market last week, and has assumed larger proportions
to-day. An opinion is prevalent in some financial
circles that the government is Rot unlikely to avail
itself of the further depression which railway shares
are expected to suffer, to carry Into execution the
scheme which, notwithstanding its rashness, has
many ardent partisans, of taking all the reilways
into the hands of the state. In this case the ex-
propriation would be made at the market price of the
day of the transaction, and the shareholders would
be paid in Relates, also at the current quotations.

ITALY.

THE STATES OF THE CHURCH.

(vlOlll OUR OWN C0111611PONDINT.)
THE POPE AND HIS ARMY.

NONE, Nov. 6.
Pio Nono frerently shows himself superior to the
traditional prejudices of his station and breaks
through the trammels of etiquette which successive
ages haveestablished around the Papal throne. He
gave a specimen of this kind of independence last
week by reviewing in person five battalions of Roman
infantry in the Farnesina meadow., near Ponte
]Mlle, an event certainly without precedent in the
memory of man, and for many years before, although
not uncommon in the turbulent periods of the middle
ages' when warlike Pontiff+, like Julius 11., grasped
with equal vigoar the sword sod the croeier. The
troop consisted of three battalions of the second regi-
ment of infantry, and the regiment of Cseciatori
divided into two battalion., and the movements were
directed by the Swiss Colonel Kneeler. A sham
fight was executed in the morning, after which the
troops bivouacked and dined on the ground, extra
rations of wine being allowed them by superior
orders. The officers dined in company with
a number of French officers invited to witness the
field day. When everybody was very merry, and
the soldiers preparing to get under arms, the Pope's
outrider was suddenly descried coming towards the
camp followed by the sovereign cortege. The troops
were in line in a moment, and the officers prepared to
receive the Pope's visit ; the word was giveirto kneel
as his Holiness approached, end Pio Nano. having kn.
Parted his benediction to the soldiers, proceeded on
foot down the line., attended by his usual suite, and
the commanding officers and their staff. After the
inspection His Helicess expressed his intention of
meeting some mummer's, and placed himself in front
of the line to sec the soldiers fire, nor would he re-
move from that exposed situation, although respect-
fully invited to avoid the possibility of any accidest
by pesetas to the Rook or rear; the soo:audio'

officer, however, was determined that no stray
ramrod should endanger the sovereign's person, snd
therefore opened the centre of hie line opposite the
Pope, and made the troops fire from the wings. The
extreme beauty of the weather and the concourse of
spectators rendered it au interesting spectacle, and
the Pope expreeeed his satisfaction to the commander
before returning to his carriage, leaving everyone
pleased by his impromptu visit. Neither the Swiss
regiment nor the dragoons took part in the review,
sea little jealousy always exists between the various
elements composing the Papal army, but the dra•
goons bad their field exercises and bivouac dinner, on
the same day, at the Tavolata, beyond l'orta San
Giovanni.

The Austrians have made a step towards the often-
urged evacuation of the Legation', by withdrawing
the garrisons they still maintained in somo of the
secondary towns, and limiting their occupation to
Ferrara, Bologna, and Ancona. This movement took
place at the end f last month, and was productive of
a reduction of 1,500 men in the Austrian army of
occupation. Some modifications in the administra.
lion of martial law have elan ben effected, restrict.
ing the extent of cognisance by Austrian military
tribunals, and giving up the attributes of civil and
military governor hitherto borne by the imperial
commanders. The Austrian troops are still more
numerous than the French, but probably rot much
more in proportion to the positions they occt.py.
An exciting incident took place at Ancona, a few
days ago, in connexion with Austrian martial law.
Two Italians were condemned to be shot by the mill.
tart' tribunal, bat whilst being marched to the place
of execution one of the men flung himself on his
knees, protesting_his innocence, and refusing to move
from the spot. His energetic asseverations produced
a great impression on all around, but orders were at
length given for him to be drugged forcibly to the
fatal ground. At this juncture hie companion
requested permission to be again confessed by the
father confessor in attendance ; hie demand was
granted, when he revealed to the priest that he had
sworn falsely against hie companion, out of a spirit of
revenge for an occurrence which had taken place some
time before, in which a woman had afforded cause for
dispute. The declaration appeared sufficiently import.
ant to warrant a suspension of the execution, and
an immediate investigation confirming the truth of
the statement, the innocent man was liberated
without farther ceremony, and the criminal marched
alone to execution in the presence of an expectant
crowd without, who received him with reprobative
him* and yells.