The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-29 00:00:00

publicatitmo.

THE MUSIC BOOK, New Weekly Periodical of
Iriginal Music. No. I. nest Saturday, New Song by BAI.Vr,
SING, MAIDEN, SING." Price 6d. Printed from liograY(ll
Plates, on Paper the usual Muir a ro.
(Alec, 1, St. Bride's-Avenue, Fleet-street, where prcopectusca may
be had ; and sold by all bnakeellers and newsmen.

" QING, NIALDEN, SING," New Song by BALFE,
Words by MRELY CONNWALL, price ad., bring No. I. of TILE
MUSIC 1100 K. Printed from F.ngrared Plates, on Paper the usual
Music size.
Ottli e, Bride's-Avenue, Flect-sl where Pnepectuses may
be Kai and sold by all booksellers and newsmen.

NEW SONG by BALFE, " SING, NIAII)EN,
nING," price fid., next tadurday, being In. L of TILE MUSIC
BOOK. rrinted from Em.rraved Plates, on raper the temal alusie size.
Office, 1, S!.ltrble's-Avenue, fleet-street, where rrospectu.,es may
be had; and by oil booksellers and newsmen.

NAW WO= IN MONTHLY PARTS, ISY MR. CIIARLLD
ENS.
On the Ist of October (to be completed in 20 Monthly Tarts, uniform
with " Msrtin price Is., the First Number of
DEALINGS WITH TILE FIRM OF DOMBEY
AND P.O N, Wholmale. Retail, and for Exportation.
EDITED UV citAtu.Es DICKENS.
With Illustrations by HARLOT K. BROWN.
London: Bradbury and Evans, Whitefriars.

MR. DICKENS'S NEW WORK.
DEALINGS with the FIRM of DOMBEY and
NOS.—Country Booksellers may be supplied with PROSPEC-
TUSES of the above Publication, by applying to their resins:Bye

London Agent.
Wbitelends September 12, 11116.

FOR TRAVELLERS ON THE CONTINENT.
Now reach*, in trap. Bro., price Go.,
PICTURES from ITALY. By CHARLES DICKENS.
Cowrarers.—Paris to Cbalons—Lyons, the Rhone, and the
Goblin of Avignon—Avignon to Genoa--Genoa and its Neighbourhood
—Parma, Modena, and Bologna—Ferrara—Verona, Mantua, Milan,
and the Simplon—Rome, Naples, and I lorence.
London: Bradbury and Evans, Whitefriars.

Now ready, New Edition revised and enlarged, cloth as. ed.
RURAL CHEMISTRY: an Elementary Introduc-
tion to the beady of the Science in Ito Relation to Agriculture.
By Enwano F.R.S., F.G.S., lion. Member of the Royal
Agricultural Society, England.-CONTV,,, -
Chapter 1.-Objecta of etiemiatry-Affinity-Nature of Combination
and dcraimiosition-The elements-The air, its properties and corn-
position-AM ygen and nitrogen-Combustion, maths of combo...non--
Carbonic acid gao-Water, ice, and steam-Effccts of frost-Latent
heat-Composition of water-Hydrogen.
Chapter 11.--Carbon, it. different forms-Coheaion--Combuation
and decay -Carbonic acid go, produced by respiration, combustion,
fermentation, &c.-Nature of acid. and salts Cartmreled hydrogen,
Are damps, coal ga.-Compounds all dettnite-Combining weights--
Carbonic oxide-Nitrogen combined with hydrogen forma ammonia
-Nitric acid-Nitrates-Sulphur, sulphurous acids-Sulphuric acid,
sulphates- suiphuretted hydrogen-Chlorine, miuiatic acid-lodine,
Bnimine-Phosphonis, phosphoric acid.
Chapter 111.-. Pares -Alkalies-Potoih, its properties-Carbonate
and nitrate of pota.h, gunpowder -Soda, common salt, sulphate, car-
bonate and nitrate of soda-Ammonia, its carbonate, sulphate mu-
riate, and phosphate-The alkaline earths-Lime, it., nature and pro-
perties-Carbonate, sulphate, and phosphate of lime-Magnesia, its
carbonate, sulphite, muriate, and phosphate.
Chapter IV.-The earths-Alumina, Its properties-Alum, Silica, or
ailieic acid-Silieates of potash and soda-Glass-Silicates in the soil,
in plants-The met to, their oxides and salts-Iron, iN oxides -Py rites
--sulphate of Iron, or green vitriol -Gold-Silver-Mercury-Copper
-Zinc -pin -Manfrane.e -Le-id-Metallic alloys.
Chapter V.--Organic matter-Vegetable substances-Lignin, or
woody fibre-Starch, varieties of starch-Gum, soluble and insoluble
-Sugar.--Cane, and grape sugar-Gluten, albumen, caseine,legumine,
fibrin, gliadinc-Chemical changes-Fermentation-Spirit of wine-
Vegetable acids-Vinegar, citric, tartaric, malie and oxalic acid,-
r&ro, gum resin+, and colouring matters-Inorganic consti-
tuents of planta-Animal autatances-Allnuneu-Fibrin-Illood, and
muscle--Casein, milk, and cheese-Gelatine-Fat-Bones, teeth,
born, $O.-protein, fool of animals -lligition-Itespiration-Circus
latian of the blood-Urine.
Chapter Vi.-The food of plant.--Subatances derived from the
air-Sources of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon Substances
derived from the moil--Sources of earthy aubstancea-Composition of
soils, their foriroation-Decompasition of silicates-Mechanical struc-
ture of voila-The saline constituents of soils-Orgardc matters in
humus, Lunde acid, their use in soils-. Germination, maltiny-
Moisture, air, and warmth-Influence of light-Office of the leaves -
Roots-Formation of organic matter-Floweret fruit, seeds-Organic,
and organised matter-Vitality of embryo-Nature of seeds-Earthy
aldstanees in plants-Effects of climate -.tenon of plants on the air.
Chapter VIL-Deterioration of soils, its canoe-Males of maintain-
ing the fertility of the soil-Theory of fallowing-Rotation of crops-
Subsoil ploughing-Dmining-ahinure-Organic manure - Animal
manure; contains nitrogen-Results of putreidtion-Sulpharetted
hydrogen -Los. of manure-Liquid manure-Animal ement.,
gnano-Modes of affixing ammonia, by acids, by gyosum, fkr. excr
-Strong
manures--Wool, rags, oil-iv-Bones-Superphosphate of lime-Vege-
table manures-Sawdust, seaweed--Green nuanurce-It rbration-
Inorganic manures-Lime, chalk, marl, shell, aand--Gy-patun -rho,
?nee of lime--Ashen-Burnt clay -Soot, charcoal-Gas liquor -
Potash-Alkaline salts-Nitrates, common salt-Salt and lime.
Chapter Vlll.--Composition of particular crops--Lo of
Wheat-Barley-Data-Rye-alai re- Rice-Buckwheat- Linaeed-
Ilemp-ered-Oil-aeeda- Beans- Peas-Lentils-Vetches-- Potatoes-
hatataa Jerusalem Artichoke-Oxalis-Cabbage-Turnips-Sweet
P,atniol-Careot-Pansuip-Cloyer-Lucern-Saintfoin. Compoeition
ol Particular manures-Cow's urine-Horse dung-Pig's dung
nuAlan excrement - Urine -Bonen of Oxen-Cows -if orsea-Piga--
ParmTaed dung-Guano-Wood inbes--Ligiviated ashes-Peat ashes
-Kelt%

Publi,bed at the off co of THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, AND
ADucciavaex. o.urrrE," 5, I.lgrer Wellington -street, Covent-gornen.

Every Saturday, price Pour Pence,
THE ATHENIEUM JOURNAL of
LITERATURE, SCIENCE, and ART;
(Stamped to go free by poet, 3d.) contains:—
Reviews, with copious extracts, of every important New English
and c:` th _ ,s,mour oie4Fir Wort..
Kr:roars of the Proceedings of the Learned and Scientific Societies,
with Abstracts of all Papers of Interest
Across nC Accotsm of all Scientific Voyages and Expeditions.
CR111(1,3111 Or ART, with Critical Notices of Eillibidollll, Picture
Collections, New Prints, Re.
ORIOINAL Pares on the Fine Arts and Gcmial Literature.
FORRION COARTSPONDILSCE on Literature, Sthenoe, and Art.
Mt.ic Ave DRAMA, including Reports on the Opera, Concerts,
Theatres, New Music, Re.
BIOORAPHICAL Nutters of Men distinguished in Literature, Science
and Art.

ORIGINAL PAPERS and Poems.
MIKELLANKA, including all that is likely to interest the informed
and intelligent.
The ArIfTWXVII to no conducted that the reader, however far dis-
tant, is, in respect to Literature, Science, and the Arm, on an (via:day
in point of information with the best-informed circles of the Metro.
polls.
The Amex/tom is published every Saturday, but is re-issucd each
Month stitched in a wrapper.
Wholesale Agents; for Scotland, Messrs. Dell and Bradfute,
burgh ; for Ireland, Mr. Cumming, Dublin. for France, M. Itaudry,
3, Quid Mulaquais, Paris; for Belgium, Mr. Browne, 73, Rue Mon-
atrne de It Cour, Bruxelles.

In demy Svo, price ss. 6d.,
SC H 0.0 L BO T ANY;
Or, the ItIJIMIENTSof BOTANICAL SCIENCE.

BT JOIIN LINDLEY, P.ILD., P.
Professor of Botany in University College, ldndon.
A New Edition : with Numerous Alterations and nearly
Four Hundred Illustrations.
This work was originally prepared, is haste, to meet a regulation
of the University of London, by which it was required of all student..
that, two years previously to proceeding to their first degree, they
should be examined, among other -objects, in "The character: and
differences of the principal natural chums and ordera of plants be-
longing to the klora of Europe, in the botanical clamiticution of De
Candolle."
The obvious purpose of this; regulation was to make young men
acquainted with the names and properties of the vegetation that
surrounds them; Ito that, after receiving what is called a liberal
education, they might not lie thrown upon the world, ignorant of
the namea at least, of the communed plants of their own country.
In the opinion of the author, the measure was calculated to effect a
real good, and to ',apply a wide gap in the common routine of a
school, where it is most desirable that some natural history should be
introduced, if it be only to relieve the tedium of the lests attractive
studies to which young persona are necessarily subjected.
But it was also Important for the sake of It, sutra:int-lel ility.
There may be a difference of o pinion as to
tut there
of spending
much time upon the study of botany ; but there is one opinktn only
as to the importance of knowing the names of the plants of which man
has to make um, or which be IS continually meeting with. There is
not at the present day a person of any intelligence, ignorant of such
things, who doe, not regret that some portion of Ida youth should not
have been devoted to this kind of inquiry.
The Dorsetahire gentleman who put himself to corsiderable trouble
and no small expense to carry a sack of Hornbeam seed from Pion nee
to London, would have been saved the exertion had he known that
the Hornbeam grew in abundance on his own eat:do; and it may be
safely asserted that every one of that celebrated court party which
discovered a preeligy in the beautiful tree in Windsor Park, would
have Dien glad if their early education had spared them the roortifica.
Boa of learning from Lord M. that the tree in question was only the
Spanish Chestnut.
Whatever the future intentions of a student of botany may be, it is
indispensable that the fir t step to be taken should be that of gaining
an acquaintance with the common plants of his own country. In the
absence of that, he cannot make a ample move in advance. Ile must
first matter the rudonenta of the science, and muter them correctly.
This little book has been prepared forthe purpose of enibling him to
do ao. it contains all that it is necemary to know in order to make a
fair beginning, and it includesno more ; ao that if any one should have
the patience to master the whole contents of the volattle, he would
then be In a position to carry hisinquiries onwards with ease. But it
is not really necessary to become acquainted with all We plantt+ here
mentioned.
The reason why so many spectra are introduced, wlthat are of small
importance, Is to enable the teacher to obtain at least some past of
them to illustrate his teaching. Local eiretunatanern, sad eapectally
our uncertain Reasons, will always render it difficult to procure every
thing here mentioned; but no conceivable circumstanc aea n, in this
country, offer impedimenta to the examination of a Loge part.
In selecting the subjects with which the student is to be mode
acquainted, theme have Leon generally chain which are within any
man's reach ; and to render the acquisition of them more easy, the
vulgar nano, arc added. A very small sum of money will enable
every schoolmaster to cultivate the whole in a gardeu, where they
may be constantly at hand.
In framing the technical characters of genera and species, all the
more minute distinctions, the detection of which requires the aid of a
microscope, have beam intentionally disregarded ; and ul ention is more
especially called to those which arc obvious enough to be observed by
any one having a packet lens.
Which of the European natural orders I regard m the " prin-
cipal," will be apparent, from the prominence given here to certain
natural orders beyond others. The teacher its not, however, recom-
mended altogether to and those which are stated to be comparatively
unimportant. The trivet 001)1,41., will be to make the students
thoroughly acquainted, in the first instance, with the natural orders
which are marked from I. to I.XXI IL, and then to explain more
briefly the difference, of those to which no numbers ore prefixed.
In conclusion, the teacher is particularly recommended to take care
that, in addition to a small penknife, each student i)4 provided with a
pocket lens of about a half-inch focus, and a few quires of paper ;
the former to assist him in examining, and the latter in drying, the
fresh specimens of plants daily brought before him. There is no
method so certain as the latter, to accustom young !tenants to esti-
mate correctly We differences between one plant :end another ; arid,
it is presumed, no one will think of trwhing Botany, without an
ample supply of fresh speeinwna which he may distribute among
his clam, for the purpose of being examined and studied at Itiaure.
Indeed, at is to study Massy, unless this pros ',ion is made
for the itequidtion of those habits of observation which render
natural history so peculiarly useful as a branch of mental training.
When students do not enjoy the advantages of a competent
teacher, their hest plan will be to put Witt book into the hands of an
intelligent gardener, and to induce him to furnish them weekly with
the plants that are named in it. At home they can compare the
definitions which they may find with the plants themselves, and this
kind of practice is, of all others, the most certain to lead to advan-
tageous result*.
None of the woodcuts employed In the first edition have been
Introduced on thin occasion. Experience shows that, for purposes
of teaching, it its inaispentetble that as; much accuracy gab, attainable
ehould lie observed in preparing the illustration o. Itt the untrained
eve, plants are too much alike in reality; ill executed, or much
diminished, woodeuto increase this re/rutin:owe, anti consequently
perplex more than instruct. The cuts now employed will, it CY
hoped, render it impomible that any mistake should be made by
even the most inexperienced aa to the plants to which they belting.
The facilities, indeed, offered to artists by Mr. Palmer'e (dram-
graphic prem., or analogotta moths of engraving, which have been
chiefly employed on this occasion, leave little to desire on the score
of accuracy.
Unirersity Colley, Lnndon.
Bradbur & Evans, 50, liest.atreet.

SECOND EDITION.
From the GAZETTE of TIIIS

BAN K RUPTS.
W. GLASSCOCK, Cambridge, wine merchant.
W. BAKER, Manchester, plasterer.
A. JOHNSON. South Shields, printer.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

THIS DIY, Fou• o'Clock.

The Duke de Montpensier and the Duke d' Aun.ale
left Paris for Madrid yesterday morning.
The .Tournal des IMlHrts of Monday still maintained
that no protest had been presented to M. Guizot by
Lord Normnnby against the liontpensier marriage.
" The British Minister of Foreign Affairs," it says,
" has sent to the British Ambassador at Paris, a
despatch, with instructions for its being read and a
copy left with the French Minister for Foreign
Affiiirs, and that despatch manifested the dissent of
the English Government in the least amicable terms.
We think it right to repeat, that, in spite of all the
rumours to the contrary, the two marriages will be ce-
lebrated at the period which has been designated, and
we persist in thinking and saying that the differences
Ito which this resolution may have given rise, how-
ever much they may be to be regretted, arc not of a
nature to compromise the pacific relations between the
three governments."
Letters from Madrid of the 23rd inst. state that Mr.
Bulwer sent in on the 22nd n protest, in the name of
his government, against the Montpensier marriage.
Finding that neither the counsels, the inte-
rests, the wishes, nor the friendly feelings of
England were in the slightest degree regarded or
taken into consideration, Mr. Bulwer was compelled
to present, as a last measure, a formal proust.

By an arrival this morning we have received papers
from the Cape of Good Hope to the 19th of July in-
clusive. The intelligence from the frontier is satis-
factory. Nothing of importance had taken place,
and there was every reason to conclude that the
Kaffirs had received so severe a check that fresh
incursions were not to be apprehended. The enemy
continued to harrass the settlers, especially in the
vicinity of Fort Beaufort, but their marauding ex-
ploits were on a small scale, and no longer manifested
the sort of daring which characterised their previous
forrays. The attacks made upon isolated points, and the
attempts to recover stolen property, frequently lead
to conflicts with the enemy, in some instances attended
with a melancholy loss of life. The papers just re-
ceived especially regret the death of Mr. Gordon
Nourse, a young gentleman of considerable promise,
who, during the pursuit of some marauders who had
carried off his cattle, received a mortal wound from a
Kaffir ball.
l'reparations were being made for opening the
campaign in Kaffirland with an imposing force, which
was to move forward as soon as the necessary sup-
plies could be collected. The difficulty which appears
to have been most felt, was the want of sufficient
means of transit from Algoa Bay to the scene of ope-
rations. Upon this point we find the following obser-
vations in the Commercial Adrcrtiser :
" Want of provisions is the general complaint, or rather,
want of means of transport, for at Algoa Bay, or on the way to
it, there are supplies of all sorts for immediate and future
support. From the United States, from Mauritius, and from
India, an expected demand on the frontier has already
made ample provision against famine, or even short allow-
ance. But at Port Elizabeth, a hundred miles or more from
the centre of demand, all motion ceases ; and with the motion
of food, the motion of the army, at least in advance, of neces-
sity ceases; and everything stands still except the enemy, and
the season, a state of things sufficiently doleful, and felt to
be so by the colonists, whether at home or in the field.
The want of supplies fir the troop; leads to headlong ruin,
and certainty in supplies can only be secured by ample pro-
vision for land carnage. The attempts made, or about to
be made by a number of vessels to discharge cargo at the
Cowie, Fish River, and other places in the vicinity of head
quarters, may ,ucceed, but they may fail; and if they are the