The Express.
London, England, 1848-01-13 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 13, 1848.

briefing the people to be tranquil. The Viceroy, who was at
Ifs country seat at Moues, also issued a proclamation with
the manse object, addressed to his beloved Milanese, (s
ons
uoi
diletti Hiking/O. The police published two proclamati
in the Gazette. This mornino two cotuicillors of government
gave In their resignation, declaring that they would no
longer take part in such an administration. The people
of Milan showed in this affair more energy than in the
scenes of September last. They resorted to every
means of defence, and even demolished roofs to
hurl the materials upon tho aggressors. To-day there
are to be found in all parts of the street little written
notes with the words— Courage brothers ; turbulent
zeal would be fatal; do not allow yourselves to lie
led away by the provocations of the police ; learn to
restrain yourselves; it will be a proof of your strength for
tbo moment, tranquillity, and dignity. Augment, numen-
fats " (that is to say, copy this, and spread it oboist as much
as possible).—The people have sworn to he revenge. Those
who cannot procure other arms, have knives and daggers.
Calabresi, the well-known armourer, cannot supply the
demands which are made upon him. He sold yesterday
morning 180 pairs of pistols.—P.S. I re-open my letter to
give you another proof of the spirit of patriotism of the
Milanese. This day the lottery may be said to be at on end,
as the tobacco duty was on Friday last. It is declared that
every person who puts into the lottery shall be dismissed
from his place, if he be servant or workman, and if in an
independent position, then he shall be treated with public
contempt.

tinent were to be startled with a demand for despotic
power by their sovereigns. Such is, however, this
curious tenour of recent accounts received by the
German mails.
To begin with the north : it seems that his Swedish
Majesty made a proposal to the Diet assembled al
Stockholm, to the purport that the national defences
required an extraordinary grant of money. The sum
was startling to a poor country in time of suffering,
and as the Sw9dish Diet is known to be usually very
aristocratic in its tendencies, must have exceeded all
reasonable demands when it raised a formidable
opposition within that body. It so happened that a
Somber of delegates from the various corps of the
army are at the present time assembled at Stockholm,
to assist, according to custom, in conferences with
the War-ofliee to hag military details. These officers,
1 whether Inatu proprto or on suggestion, thought it
necessary to vote an approval of his Majesty's doings
in the shape of an address, and which address the
King also thought proper to receive in a public and
ceremonious manner, which of course conveyed a
broad hint to the Diet sitting next door. We may
ask, therefore, which of the two bodies thus curiously
contrasting now t epresents the Swedish nation at
Stockholm ?
In Germany tiie Elector of Hesse Cased has
seriously mooted ti .e question whether a small prince
depending on eat: aneous assistance is to be bound to
respect his own and hie father's compact with
the people or not. The electoral revolution involves
also a parliamentai y reaction, inasmuch as that portion
of the constitution of Hesse which places the revenues
front the crown lands under the control of the Cham-
ber of Representivives is abrogated. To ensure a
future majority in the little parliament, the court
dependents are forthwith to be formed into a House
of Peers, and it is expected that they will constantly
give a pretext, as dissentients from the Commons, for
allowing the crown to come in as umpire between the
two, to the great edification doubtless of both.
His Majesty of Holland is likewise desirous to
immortalise his reign rather than to ensure a per-
petuity of power to his family. Ile has boldly taken
the bull by the horns, which his more experienced
father declined encountering. Gee object in the
present reforms proposed in the Dutch constitution is
to bring about an improvement in colonial matters,
which have been managed with sufficient skill to
prove that, if still better managed, the gain from them
accruing to the mother country would be very great.
The popular party in Rolland, as elsewhere where
protection has not enervated and demoralised
the industrious classes, are free-tradere, and
find nothing dangerous in carrying the ma-
nufactures of other countries to Java, or in
letting Javan produce find its way to the best
market unhindered. The King, however, denies that
the States have anything to say to the colonies; he
claims, although constitutional King of Holland, to
be despotic ruler of the Dutch colonies. Now, as
there are two points disagreeable to the Dutch in this
demand—the theory as novel and startling, and the
practice which by giving the crown means of demo-
ralising at home exposes the national liberties to
attack—they naturally very seriously demur to such
a proposition ; and Dutchmen are not likely, where
they think themselves iu the right, to give up with-
out a struggle.
Fortune shows some humour in thus providing
work at home for the nations north of the Alps, at •
time when there is so strong a temptation to mar the
good work in progress on the south side of that
mountain chain. The intimate alliance subsisting
between the members of the royal houses of the
Hague and Berlin, is of course what the King of
Ilenkssu relies upon when making the extravagant
propoeals that we have named. The Elector of HESSE
looks to support from Russia and Hanover. But on
what aid the King of SWEDEN depends, besides the
claim of his father on the national grati-
tude, it is not easy to see. Still, powerful
as royal alliances and sympathies always
are, it is doubtful whether at the present
day popular gratitude and enthusiasm are not still
better allies, and whether an enlightened monarch
could not turn thorn to better account than family
traditions and musty diplomatic parchments. That
the awakened enthusiasm of the people is a powerful
agent in domestic reform, we have seen at Rome.
Switzerland has shown us that it can command re-
spect abroad; and consequently that it is likely to
form a new element in diplomatic relations. The old
despotic powers may prefer an allian T with irrespon-
sible regents; but no league can promise to be dura-
ble that does not carry with it the gaol wishes of the
mass, in an age when the bulk of the people are
masters of the sinews of war.
It is curious, too, that while changes are only advo-
cated by the popular advocates at the present moment
in countries whose sovereigns have themselves desired
such proceedings, the royal agitators we hare named
are sowing confusion in peaceful communities where
no desire of change existed. Why cannot the reign-
ing powers hold reviews, go deer-stalking, or pur-
chase shares in the " Handelsmaatechappy," without
involving Europe in a discussion concerning royal
prerogative and parliamentary privilege?

The Mitdrid mails of the 6th have arrived. Our
correspondent gives the following curious report of an
extraordinary scene which was exhibited in Congress
the preceding evening.at the conclusion of the debate
on tho accusation against M. Salamanca. M. Pidal
teeing challenged by Salamanca to make his charges
peuly and explicitly, said :
• •• Since Senor Salamanca desires me to speak sot I will. I
declare that I have beard say by more than 100 persons,
some r. whom ought to be well informed, persons of veracity,
eerso.i who are entitled to entire confidence and belief from
me, tits• of the fifty millions of treasury bills of the royal
I•ouseiti d, twenty.five millions had gone into the pocket of
• eatmanca, who sub-equently restored that sum to
• • Tots I have heard from veracious persons."
It would be difficult to describe the confusion which fol-
lowed this declaration. But among Salamanca's personal
friends, who are not few in the house, the charge fell
like a torch into a powder-magazine. Senor Zara,-
goes bellowed for leave to speak. At length the
president having restored something like order, Pidal con-
tinued his speech, pulverising, to use his own favourite a x-
pression, the sophisms of Beuavidee. Before sitting down
I he alluded again to the 2-5 millions, modifying his previous
expressions so as to say that the rumour might possibly turn
out unfounded nevertheless, it was his opinion that it was
ono which required, for the sake of Salamanca's character as
a deputy, to be cleared up.
Turn was thee given to Salamanca to speak. Ilia voice
and appearance betrayed the extreme agitation under which
he .aboured. lie said—" I did not think, gentlemen, that I
should hear Senor Pidal express himself in the manner in
which he has dens. 1 give up from this moment all defence
of meelf against the accusation. But I have givi n Senor
l'idsl no right to speak of me as a judge of
a criminal, and to utter words against me in this house
which out of it would cost him his life, or me mine.
Senor Pidal has said, ' Senor Salamanca has taken posses-
' sion 0125 millions of bonds—(this word is underlined in the
report of the debate, as offering a difference with ' treasury-
hills,' which was the word used by Pidal)—persons worthy
of credit have told me so.' This is a foul calumny, and
nothing else. (Applause in the public tribune; great dis-
order.) I am calledonto clear myself of this infamous charge.
I beg from this moment to be submitted to a solemn trial,
and that I may die upon the scaffold if I am found guilty,
and, if not, that Senor Pidal may be convicted as a slan-
derer. (Immense uproar. Prt sident's hell ringing inces-
santly. Some deputies rose to offer Salamanca their sig-
natures for his motion for a trial ; others ran to the table to
take notes. The fiercest insults were exchanged across the
boon. Salamanca, during the uproar, continued to agitate
his arms; his voice could not be he: rd. At last he fell back,
and fainted in the arms of two of his friends, who bore him
out of the chamber. During the interval Pidal was assailed
with every sort of insult and invective—" Vile slanderer,"
&e.--by Salamanca's friends on the benches and in the tri-
bunes. Among the former, Senor Zaragoza took a leading
part. However, the Asturian orator remained unshaken,
and the final shape and meaning was given to the expres-
sions which hail provoked such stormy demonstrations.)

We announced some days ago, on the authority of
our correspondent at Rome, the hopeless condition of
M. Cherie.' Torlonia, the lieutenant-colonel of the
second battalion of the civic guard, on whom public
attention had lately been drawn by the charges of
malversatien made against him by M. I'aradisi. M.
Torlonia died on the night of the 31st.
Letters from Rome of the let instant say that the
greatest alarm was created by a report that the popu-
lace intended to sack the Jesuits' college. At four
o'clock in the morning the civic guard was under
anon, being reinforced in all their quarters. The
arms were loaded with ball, and the commanders
ready to mount at a cioment's notice. This, however,
proved to be one of the numerous false alarms so con-
tinually propagated by the retrograde party and the
Jesuits to throw discredit on the popular cause.
On the 2nd inst. there was a grand reception at the
Palazzo Pitti, at Florence. The officers of the civic
guard were admitted, aed the Grand l)uke wore the
uniform of a general of the civic guard instead of the
Austrian uniform.
Letters from Treviso state that immediately after
the famous motion of M. Nazari, advocate Daniel
Manin presented a similar note to the Central Con-
gregation of Venice. The note has been accepted, but
the result is not yet known.
Two companies of Austrian troops (says the Palria
of Florence of the 3rd) have established themselves at
Carpi, and others are expected. It is reported that
not less than 28 battalions of Austrian troops are to be
stationed on different points.
A letter from Turin, io the Patrin of Florence of
the 3rd, states that the Archbishop of Turin, and the
Bishops of Acqui, Cuneo, Ivrea, Asti, Biella, and Pine-
role have protested against the abolition of the eccle-
siastical censure. The Bishop of I'inerolo went fur-
ther still, and, seeing that the King paid no attention
to the protests, sent in his resignation, which the
King has accepted.

Rumours of a collision between the Austrian troops
and the people at Milan,which we mentioned yesterday,
though then unconfirmed, produced much excitement
in Paris on Tuesday evening, and a general decline of
all securities took place at the Bourse. These rumours
have since been confirmed.
The Chamber of Peers, on Tuesday, continued the
discussion on the Address, and the first six paragraphs
were adopted without any amendment. The sitting
was at one part of the day rather animated, in conse-
quence of M. Guizot, Count Mok., M. Bartle, M. H.
Paley, and Count d'Argout, being induced, by some
allusions of the Marquis do Hulsey to the affairs of
Warnery, Petit, &c., to express their decided disap-
probation of all practices calculated even remotely to
countenance the purchase of government places, or
to promote corruption. The sitting was terminated
by a speech from Count de Montalembert on the
affairs of Italy.
The government has, wo are assured, received
intelligence that the cabinet of Vienna, having
charged its representative at the Germanic Diet to
ascertain the sentiments of the lesser German states
relative to an intervention in Switzerland, has re-
ceived an almost unanimous answer, that in the pre-
sent state of the public mind in Germany, any
attempt of that kind would be hazardous, as it would
tend rather to excite the sympathies of the people
still more in favour of the federal cause in Swit-
zerland.

Letters from Berne, of the 6th, say, that among the
documents which fell into the hands of the federal
government on the taking of Lucerne, is one which
proves that the day on which the government of the
Sonderbund took flight, a French emissary arrived at
Lucerne, coming by Piedmont, UpperValais, F urka, and
the canton of Uri. The Guizot ministry gave directions
to the council at war of the Sonderbund, in case
Lucerne should be unable to reshot the federal troops,
to withdraw into the primitive cantons, to maintain
itself in that position for some time by the most des-
perate resistance, promising that in that case the
French intervention should soon come to their assist-
ance. It is now easy to comprehend the language of
the Journal des he6ats, which, after the tall of
Lucerne, still founded the most flattering hopes upon
the primitive cantons ; it was the prompt surrender
of the canton of Uuterwald, threatened by the Och-
senbcin division, which overthrew this perfidious
project.

The reports of a collision between the people and
the military at Milan, which we gave with some re-
serve yesterday, arc unhappily confirmed to-day. A
sanguinary massacre has taken place, apparently with
the acquiescence, if not under the orders of, the sape-
rior authorities. The number of the inhabitants
killed and wounded by the soldiery is variously stated
from thirty to one hundred and filly. Among the
killed is the aged counsellor of the Cour Royale, M.
Manganini, a man nearly seventy, and universally
respected. He was murdered while peaceably and
inoffensivaly entering his own house.
The following brief report given by a correspon-
dent of La I'atrie agrees in its chief points with
ether more detailed accounts which have arrived, and
may be taken as substantially correct. It is dated
Milan, 6th Jan. :
You know already that the people of Milan, with a view
to annoy the government by diminishing the revenue, had
resolved to discontinue the use of tobacco, the tax on which
has hitherto yielded an enormous amount. Up to the first
of the month, the pledge was rigidly observed without any
symptom of disturbance. Not a person was seen with either
a pipe or a cigar, and hardly did a few old men
venture to take a pinch of ante On the 2nd, as
Austrian captain and an American showed themselves
on the Gorse smoking cigars. The captain received a blow
on the cheek, and the American had his cigar knocked
out of his mouth. At midnight money and thousands
of cigars were sent to the barracks, with the following
order of the day : " Soldiers, you have now cigars, which
you must smoke to-morrow in the town. Yon have
arms—make use of them." On the 3rd the garrison, in
bands of from 80 to 200 men, went through the streets
and public promenades smoking cigars and jeering the
populace, who were for some time tranquil, but at
length they began to hiss the soldiery The latter, heated
with wine, fell upon the people ; the attack commenced at
six in the evening, and lasted till midnight. A hundred and
fifty wounded persons were taken to the hosOtal, and many
others were attended to at their homes. The number of
killed is not known. Among them is M. Manganini, a
counsellor of the court of appeal, a man 60 vests of age, and
highly esteemed. The podeata, Count Casati,who was in the
crowd, was arrested. When he was recognised, he would not
receive his release, and insisted on being taken with the rest
to the police-office, where he had a severe altercation with
Toresani, the director of police, to whom he declared that if
immediate satisfaction was not given to the people and their
magistrates for disturbances by the police, he would go to
Vienna and complain to the Emperor. Oa the 4th, the
municipality issued a proclamation in kind language, en-

FRANCE.—P Mini, JAN. 11.—DEFENCES OF PAU.
—The Minister of Public Works will shortly present to the
chamber a bill for a grant for keeping up the strategic roads
within the continuous fortified wall round Paris, the roads
which lead from the wall to the different detached forts,
and those which run from one fort to another. The roads
within the wall measure nearly eight leagues, and the outer
roads about eleven leagues; the general width being ten
yards. The estimated expense is 120,000 f. per annum.
BELGIUM.—BRINSELS, JAN. 11.—His Majesty
returned last eight to Laceken from Paris. No slight excite-
ment was occasioned yesterday afternoon in Brussels by the
report that an individual had attempted to enter forcibly
into the palace in this city, and on being prevented had fired
at the porter. Rumour (crescens rondo) was, of course,
busy with so promising a topic. The facts are as follows: A
Pole named Michael Krynkiewicz went yesterday to the
chief entrance of the palace, and asked to be admitted to the
King's presence. Raving received the reply that his Ma-
jesty had not yet returned from Paris, he expressed a wish
to see the interior of the palace. On being refused, he in-
sisted on entering, and the porter was under tip necessity of
calling two soldiers on guard in front of the palace. Before
they came up, however, Krynkiewicz drew out a pistol and
fired at the porter, who immediately ran away without, how-
ever, receiving any injury. The culprit was immediately
arrested and conducted to the police-office. On searching
him the gensdarmes found on his person a box containing
percussion caps, a powder flask, a quantity of shot, an
ivory whistle, a small trumpet, and two pocket-books. It is
supposed that he is insane, and that he has escaped from the
Gheel, the well-known receptacle of madmen. The cold is
intense here. It is probable that in a few days the Scheldt
will be frozen over.
PORTUGAL—The Paris National, on the faith of
a letter from Oporto, states) that Sade Bandeira had left
Lisbon to place himself at the head of a troop. of 500 men,
which had been gathered together in the interior of the pro-
vinces.
HESSE CASSEL.—Three officers of the guard,
who, en being desired to take the oath of allegiance to the
new Prince Elector, asked whether they could take that
oath without prejudice to their oath to observe the constitu-
tion, have been placed amongst the so-called inralides, which
is tantamount to the removal of all chance of promotion.

RUSSIA.—A letter in the Augsburg Gazette,
dated Russian frontiers, the 4th inst., states that the illness
of the Emperor was not of such importance as was at first
supposed. It was merely a slight attack of intermittent
fever, of which the symptoms have since disappeared.