The Express.
London, England, 1848-01-18 00:00:00

PROVINCIAL.

ABOLITION OP CAPITAL PUN ISTIMENT.—A public
meeting of the promoters of this object was held in Liver-
pool on Friday, Mr. W. Rathbone in the chair.—The chair-
man adduced the concurrent evidence of Mr. Justice Wight-
men, Mr. Justice Coltman, and Mr. Justice Perrin, in
favour of the abolition of hanging.—The first resolution was
proposed by Mr. J. Smith, and seconded by Mr. C. Gilpin,
who said that since the year 1810, no fewer then 1,400 indi-
viduals had been executed for crimes that are no longer
capital. A boy had been hung for cutting a twig in a
plantation ; a girl had been with difficulty saved from the
gibbet for hiding, at the bidding of her master, a few
whitewashed copper farthings. in his opinion, a blood-
thirsty law made a blood-thirsty people, while a mild law
made a mild people. The example given by a public
execution, so far from' being a moral example, in-
cites to crime, and nerves the heart of the tyro
in crime. Out of 167 prisoners condemned to death, 164
had been present at executions. The plea that the fear of
death deters the murderer was Wee, inasmuch as murders
were generally committed without reflection, but, if done
deliberrtely, the perpetrater calculated on escape. In a
scriptural point of view, he must say he honoured the con-
scientious scruples adduced, but they rested on one text—
via., "that he by whom man's blood was shed," de. In the
outset there were no less than five translations which made
this text of very different significance, but, even if admitted,
it only ranked with another text in the New Testament " he
who took the sword should perish by the sword," yet those
whn wished to enforce the former text would be loth to admit
the force of the latter. A minister of the church of England,
in a recent publication' had branded them with the term in-
fidels; but he could tell that reverend gentleman that
they had a worthy bishop on their aide, and not the
Bishop of Hereford either. Bishop Hall had recorded
his opinion against capital punishment, as well as
Dr. Ford. for forty years chaplain of Newgate.
The abolition of capital punishment in the domi-
nions of the Duke of Tuscany had been attended with the
best effects, at one time there not being a single criminal in
the gaols, and it was oaly when Napoleon conquered the
country that capital punishmeat was re-introduced. The
third view of the subject was the number of innocent persons
who were executed.—The Chairman read the resolution, to
the effect, " That the punishment of death fails to accom
plish the security of society ; cuts off from the criminal the
chance of reformation ; is repulsive to nubile feeling ; the
fertile source of evasion and subterfuge; the cause of uncer-
tainty in the execution of the law ; demoralising in its exhi-
bition ; opposed to the spirit of Christianity ; and, there-
fore, ought to be abolished."—The second resolution was
proposed by Mr. L. Haworth, and seconded by Mr. Vin-
cent. It was that a memorial in favour of the object be pre-
sented to the House of Commons. It was unanimously
adopted.
THE SWINTON INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS for pauper
children were visited by the Manchester guardiaas last week.
The party first proceeded to a room on the ground floor,
where they found a number of juvenile tailors, busily en-
gaged in making up dresses, to be worn by themselves
and other boys in the school. The room and its inmates
were alike exemplary for cleanliness and neatness ; the lads
appeared to work with great dexterity and alacrity,
and the evidences of their skill in the shape of garments
made up by them, which were exhibited, were of the
most creditable description. In the next room 23 lads
were at work making and repairing clogs and shoes.
There are altogether 46 boys in the school who receive in-
struction in this branch of industry ; one-half in the morn-
ing and the other in the evening The principal part of
these are thus occupied for three hours in the day, but some
for 4e hours. They make all the clogs required in the esta-
blishment, and mend all the shoes; they only, however,
make a sufficient number of shoes to give them the necessary
amount of practice in this In anch of the art. Their expertness,
the hearty good will with which they worked, and the excel-
lent character of their workmanship, were sufficient proofs
of the swam of the system pursued at these schools in re-
claiming, and imbuing with habits of industry and applies.
tion, those whose previous course of life, and the mecum-
staccato whose influence they had been exposed, must have
tended to produce in them dispositions the meet opposite.
The kitchen in which the children's food is cooked, contains
four large boilers, each capable of containing 100 gallons, in
which the food is prepared by steam; there are also het
hearths and other conveniences. The girls here amide ant
are instructed in the various household operations netemery
in the preparation and serving of the meals. That the time
thus spent, the instruction thus received, and the habits
of cleanliness and regularity which the children sees.
not fail to imbibe here, are calculated to exert the
most powerful influence upon the future happiness and
comfort of themselves and their families, it is impossible W
doubt, when we consider how much of the poverty, mina,
and domestic discord of the working classes are dna to
their total ignorance of household economy. The girls also
assist in washing, ironing, and getting up the clothes of
themselves and other inmates of the school. The dining hall
is calculated to accommodate 1,200 children, who are
seated on benches, ranged in rows, with a narrow shelf run-
ning in front of each bench, of just sufficient width to allow
a plate being placed upon it. At meals the girls occupy one
side of the hall and the boys the other. The infant school is
perhaps the most important portion of the establishment.
There are at present about 2so children in this department.
MODERATORSHIP OF GENERAL Analoaniv.—Dr. Buish, The walls of the room are hung with prints representing
Professor of Ecclesiastical History, St. Andrews, and one of various animals and amnia from scripture history which are
the ministers there, is named for this office. used in instructing the children in these branches of know-
THE LATE DISTURBANCE AT WEST CALDER.—AImost all ledge, both before and after they are able to read. The
the railway labourer', employed on the Caledonian Railway in children, clad in their Sunday clothes, being seated on
the neighbourhood of West Calder, where the disturbances benches raised one above the other, were put through vari-
recently took place, have left that focality, with their fami- ow physical exercises, tending to give freedom and strength
lies, in compliance with the intimation of the contractors. to the muscles of the chest and arms, which they performed,
Some of them have removed to the neighbouring villages, but at a signal from their master, with great exactness
the great majority have proceeded along the line of the rail- and uniformity. The master then proceeded to give
way to Dumfries, on their way to Annan, for embarkation for them an "object lemon," taking as its subject a piece of
Liverpool. The huts at Torpbin and Cobbinehaw have ge- glass. Questions as to the properties of this substance
nerally been removed, and in the other districts preparations and its uses having been simmered with great promptness
have been made for the immediate removal of the remain- and correctness by the older pupils, it wu next asked
ing huts. whether it was universally used; and this question having
THOMAS CARLYLE ON RAGGED SCHOOLS. —The secretary been answered in the negative, and an instance of people
of the ragged school at Dumfries, the native district of Mr. who had no glass, and were obliged to use wood in its stead,
Carlyle, has received from him the following characteristic the Carib* having been given, led to the further query why
letter : this people were without glass ? Because, it was answered,
Chelsea, Dec. 31, 1817.—Dear Sir —I readily contribute my mite to they had no money with which to buy it, could not beg it,
your Samaritan project, and wish lived speed with my whole heart and had not knowledge enough to make it. The last reason
In your locality t believe it is much called for, as indeed in most other
localities, in thew miserable times. Ragged schools are not knows to furnished an opportunity for some instruction as to the min-
me
mein by public rumour, nor that scheme of visiting which you fortune of ignorance. The children were then asked who it
propose; but the very definition is a recommended= for such at- was who supplied them with knowledge, and having replied
tempta, and awakens in every bystander the wish to see them ace "The gee inns and good people of Manchester," they
where faithfully tried. For it Is very certain man can teach and gui were further questioned as to the other advantages they
another; men poceereed of some knowledge and virtue an Impart derived from the same source, which they described to con-
thereof to other. peeseming lee, or none. And if they never come Mean- nice of food, clothing, and shelter. The lesson was terminated
tact, in practical constant communicatlen with one another, theyean.
not even have a chance to accomplish this, which la the summary of at this point, in consequence of the short time that was able
all social duties everlastingly binding, whether it be done or not ; and to be all to the inspection of this department.
the greatest benefit, properly the oar benefit, that man an do to HIGHWAY ROBBERIES NEAR MANCHESTER,—
man in our world. Ragged schools, with a good effectual whoa-
While' t the people of Liverpool have been placed in so much
master, who did no* stand by his horn-books, and slates, and ear
books alone, but could frankly lay open a wise, hearty, heal y, terror through frequent and daring robberies in the out-
human rout to ignorant, dirty, encumbered little human soul-much skirts of that town, Manchester has been, up to very lately,
an arrangement I could fancy to be the most excellent of all devices entirely free from such outrages. It appears, however, that
for your object And as to that of visiting, I well remember thattown is no longer to enjoy thatpre•emmence. On Saturday,
reading Dr. Chalmers' development of that scheme, as practised as the Rev. Mr. Germon, head master of the Manchester
by him in Edinburgh, and feeling that it was full of really prac-
tical sense—that if there wan any plan of getting the work done Free drummer School, slid Mrs. Germon were taking an
thia, beyond all others, was it. May you pres.per well: awed airing in their carriage, about three miles distant from the
whatever is modest., and willing, and effective, round you to co.ope- town, and near to a village called Blackley, two men stopped
rate; and see, if slowly, yet certainly, good fruit attend your bus- them and, presenting pistols, demanded Mr. Oermon's
bandry. One other wi.b I will utter, that you may have virtue given money. The rev. gentleman, it is said, made some slight
you to follow that invattrible precept, Let not thy right hand know effort Germ
on at resistance, but the intreatiri of Mrs. in-
what thy left hand doeth! A precept very difficult to follow in your
peculiar circumstances, but one which all men, in all eircumstance• doted him at length to yield to the threats of the robbers,
can in some manner follow, and man depute from without and he handed over to them his gold watch and the money '
fatal damage to his enterprise, soy low-spoittiw `. Mechanics' he had about hies, with which they decamped and have not QCARANTINE.—Mr. Bathurst, of the office of the
Institutes," Bible Societies even, and Exeter-hall . ours of love" been heard of since. This was in the open daylight, at about
may, in their present ruinous state, after such assiduous beating one or two o'clock en Saturday. It was reported that Lords of the Privy Council, has directed a letter to the Corn-
may
arum, well testify w as: me' dear sir, yours very °in" another robbep, ' had taken
ry, under similar circumstances, miesionere of Customs, with reference to a letter from them,
merely, T. Csatves.not received the • Wars stating that =Wen of vessels from the Mediterranean. who
SHIPWRECKS IN SITETLAND.--A correspondent of the Place, but our correspondent had .
O
Witness gives some particulars of these casualties. Since ATTEMPT TO MURDER BY DROWNING:n Satue- reside at Portland and Weymouth, are in the habit occa-
sionally of putting into the Portland Roads (although bound
the summer three boats have been loot, about twenty persons day a man named Wm. Knight, living at Stretford, near to London, and other ports to the eastward), and there
have been drowned, and in Lerwick alone seven or eight Manchester, attempt d to drown his wife by pushing her making application for a clearance, that they may he enabled
have been added to the list of widows. In consequence of
into the canal at Longford-bridge. Knight has been ill for to visit their friends on shore, and that the officers of cus-
the detention of the mail packet, we do not yet know what some time, and is supposed to be labouring under slight toms at Weymouth have requested: instructions as to whether
aberration of intellect. His wife was taking him a walk they would not be justified in withholding clearance from
has taken place farther south ; but by means of the late
southerly gales our shores have been covered with wrecks. along the banks of the canal st the suggestion of his medical hat
veuele. The Lords of the Privy Council htve decided
No less than six vessels have been wrecked between Lerwick adviser for the benefit of the air, and they had proceeded that it is highly irregular on the part of the masters referred
and the Wand of Feller, a distance of about thirty miles. without any difficulty
.till they reached Longford-bridge, to, and moot injurious to the owners of the womb
The crews of four of these have been saved. Of a fifth ten when a part of the towing path presented itself which was (when bound te London, or other port to the mete
or twelve were saved and eight drowned; but of the sixth very dirty. Knight tried to drag his wife through it, but weed), to enter any other port or harbour than that
the whole crew perished. This was to the eye-witnesses she resisted, and had got loose from him, but before she of their destination, unless compelled to do so by contrary
a very distressing case. It is understood that her name could get away from the side of the canal, which she stood winds or stress of weather ; and have directed that the offi-
was the Oscar, from Hull. She tint made her appear- with her back towards, he ran at her and pushed her head- min of customs at Weymouth and other ports shall refuse
*nee off the island of Whalen, about nine o'clock in the long into the water. He made no attempt to rescue her but clearance to masters of vessels from the Mediterranean
morning. Seeing her danger, the inhabitants prepared run away. A man who had not seen the transaction came anchoring in ports or harbours, not those of their destine-
ropes, and were ready to use every means in order at least by shortly afterwards, and perceiving Mrs. Knight struting tion, excepting under the circumstances mentioned above, or
to save the crew. As she approached the shore they ran in in the water, he assisted her out, but for which there is little when they have instructions in writing from their owners to
a body to a particular place—the only place where it was doubt she would have perished. Knight is in custody, and
possible for them to saved—and endeavoured by signs to will probably be brought before the magistrates with a view DEVONSHIRE.
get those Oa board the vessel, if possible, to steer her in that to being placed under proper restraint. touch at any particular port for orders.
be
ROBBERY AT THE ADMIRALTY HOtraE, DECO:SPORT.
direction. She came so near that they could distinguish the YORKSHIRE. —lt may be remembered that a cross of diamonds was lost
countenances of the crew, and the colour of their hair, and THE ALLEGED EMBEZZLEMENT BY RAILWAY
they even exchanged salutations by waving their caps at
Cumuli —Yesterday, the young men named Scott and On Saturday,, . . .
each other. It is believed that if she had kept on sail fora .„.„__,,., •
seaueoio.e who were ycharged with having embezzled a sum police arrived n Plymouth, having in hm custody. a man
at a balleivetlin
the
tchitheef Asudperniralrintetyndllotuseof,
thine Manchester
each
few minutes longer, or if some one had stood at the helm, 'nearly 200
amounting to l.,belonging to the Lancashire and charged with attempting to dispose of diamonds in Men-
the crew might have been saved ; but, in consequence of the
Vorkshire. _Railway Company,__ in. whose service they had Monday,the • brought before ,
cheater, and, on prisoner was
imminence of their danger, they seem to have lost all consi-
deration, and te have got into confusion.vessel been as clerks, were further examined at the Leeds court- the mayor of Devonport, and the following evidence adduced
house. It appeared, from the statement:of the collector at in support of the char_ ge L-11. Berwick sworn ; lam chief
The came
right against the rocks, only a short distance from these who
the station, that Ridadale had, on two or three occasions re-
wished to save them, but in a place where it was impossible
to render any assistance. She struck about 12 o'clock, an d him • • deficiencyin
d parted to an lamming his cash balance ; the 3rd of Jan. last, I found the prisoner offering for sale, at
and that both the prisoners had duty entered in their ac superintendent of the Manchester city police. On Monday,
almost in a moment the tremendous sea washed the crew
counts all the moneys they had received. Under these cir-
- the shop of Mr. Olivant, a jeweller, in Manchester, five dia-
monds. I told the prisoner this looked suspicious. He
overboard. One poor fellow recovered hie place on the
CuMatanCeS, as the collector was responsible to the company said he had brought them from Plymouth, and that he had
vessel, and, getting on the jibom, was about to make •
.fin.theamount so reported to him, the magistrates thought been in the service of Mr. Gyngell, of that place. He
even got on the vessel a second time, and was again about to "."" leap on shore, when another wave wailed him away. He
the charge of embezzlement was not made out, and or-
dered the prisoners to be discharged. also said he had seen a Jew offering them for sale, and pur-
chased them of him. I told him my name, and the situation '
leap, but a fresh wave engulphed him, and he rose no more.
In about half an bow the yawl went to pieces. The What- EMIGRATION FROM BRADFORD. —The enb-corn- I held, and took him to the Court-house, where he edible
et Stock rt.' I ordered him to be *earthed.
sea men were dely affected, but they could do nothing ; mittee appointed to investigate the cases of poor persons name was Thomas Turner, and that he lived with his thither
they never saw su
eh a sea. It is believed that, had there wishing to emigrate, have received • great number of apli- in Johnatre , port. _ . _
in the prisoner s presence, handed
been a lighthouse on the Sherries, lying off the islands cations— many more than it is poseible for them to must. H was out
_of my sight for about. three minutes._ On. retmearn-a
of Who ttu and Feder, several of the shipwrecks And it will become a question for their serious consideration, ing, the officer,
reriausl asked. the ' ner if he had
that have taken place might have been prevented. whether some decisive steps should not be taken to ob
Such a lighthouse has been frequently thought of, the necessary pecuniary assistance by means o a rate. At any more ends,
pntket-bendiam" hwhich heydenied. I Sten examined the
it book ' hick found four small packets, containing
and it is hoped that the late dm' esters will lead the public meeting held last month. tt wu broadly insinuated poe et- ,in w
te. fifteen diamonds. The prisoner then said he might as well
• e tell the truth. He then said he bad
the Lighthouse Commiesioners no loner to. hesitate, or that the poor were not themselves disposed to emigre been in the employ of
delay. It is time, also, that some board were instituted for Experience gives this statement a fist contradicti
unperson, Admiral Sir John West, at Devonpert, and that the family
the examination of all sea captains, and for granting them editor of the Bradford Observer says :—" Many
they uniferml rooms and broke it, and those were the diamonds he had
certificates or diplomas, according to their qualificetions. having large families, and, with only one or two exceptions,had lost a diamond brooch ;he trod upon it in one of the
Besides the vessels wrecked on our mute., it is feared that , have applied to us for advice : . y
assisted out, being fully. satisfied been stumpun • to *ell. On Saturday last I received from a
in Manchester five other diamonds, which he had
seen, dismasted, drifting past Unit, the mat northerly of that their chance of bettering themselves here is utterly silversmith
many more will be missing. One vessel is said to have been express great anxiety to be
our Wands, and, judging from the number reported is horsiest, what thaY are mugs= of dein so al the Volted purchased Ina 14° Pam"; P Irk"' 4° identlfied• Mt dill'

:WARM/tins-
BURGLARY AT GLlN•ros.—The burglars who en-
tered the premises of Mr. J. Ogden, grocer, of Glinton (as
already reported in this paper) were captured at Deeping St.
James. On the previous day a respectable farmer of Help-
stone went to Spalding for the assistance of Judd, a con-
stable, who obtained a warrant and searched the houses of
Solomon Birkit, George Beeson, and Samuel Brakes, the
latter a keeper of a beer-shop and lodsing.house in Spalding.
In searching the lodging-house the officer found in a clothes
box a purse, containing one sovereign, seven half-sovereigns,
and 41..5a. 6d. in silver; also a purse which was identified
by one of the prosecutors ; and 18s The constables, with
the assistance of Mr. Elijah Robinson' merchant, of
Spalding, and owner of a gang of boats, of which Brakes
was captain, procured an omnibus, and went to search
the boats. When about three miles from S, aiding the offi-
cers passed a man who gave his name as Thomas York, and
who was in Brakes' house when it was searched. Supposing
he was about to "work the telegraph" to the party at Deep-
ing, they favoured him with a ride, and during the journey
inquired where he lodged on Monday night: lie replied at
Spalding, and said he had not been at Deeping for many
years he added he was going in search of work. However,
on arriving at Deeping, a respectable landlord identified York
as one who was in the tap-room at the Bell in Deeping St.
James on the night the robbery was committed : this induced
the officers to make him a prisoner. Samuel Brakes, • reso-
lute fellow, whom it would have been imprudent to have
attacked singly, was the next apprehended : be was secured
at a beer-shop, and searched, when 31. 6s. was found in
his purse, and 3e. 7td. in his pocket he had • short
time previously borrowed of Mr. Robinson, his em-
ployer, 10s, to pay his reckoning. The officers then
proceeded to the boats in the river, about • mile
distant, and succeeded in apprehending Solomon Birkit,
George Beeson, and W. Brakes (nephew to Samuel) after
searching the boats, the above five prisoners were conveyed
to Peterborough lock-up for the night, and on the following
morning taken before the magistrates, and remanded until
Feb. 4. The officers, on their return from Peterborough,
ascertained from Mr. Fox, general dealer, of Market Deep-
ing, that Brakes and two others, answering the description
of Birkit and Beeson, went to his shop in the morning after
the robbery, and bought several articles, including three pair
of boots and a short slop : one of there pulled out a purse of
considerable bulk, full of money. At Spalding itrak was asce
inr-
rained that several valuable articles which Brakes had
pawn were redeemed on the Tuesday night by his wife.
Brakes and York reached Spalding on the afternoon of the
day after the robbery, and Braises did not return to Deeping
until early on Thursday morning the 6th, leaving his boats
in the care of his companions.

OPPOSITION TO THE Poinc•Law —Both the Limerick
papers received to-day afford a remarkable illustration of the
opposition to which the operation of the poor-law is sub-
jected on the part of the landlords in certain districts. The
union of Scarriff, in Clare and Galway, was one of the first
in which the elected guardians were superseded by a paid
board. The reason of that was, that the gentry did not
carry the law into effect in good faith. The gentry now will
not pay the rates. In the whole union, it now appears, there
are only two proprietors whose rates have been paid. The
one is Mr. Molony, of Kiltannon ; the other Mrs Brown.
And this opposition of the landlords to the well-working of
the law has taken place, while is one week the occupying
farmers in the same union have paid 3,0001. The rate
struck is certainty enormous, being Ts. 6d. in the pound;
but of so much the more injury is this opposition to the col-
lection of them. The number in receipt of relief in this union
is 1,665 indoor, and 3,000 outdoor. The rate in Loughrea
union, Galway, is 3s. in the pound, and in Swinford union,
where there are 7,000 upon the outdoor relief list, the rates
equal those in the Scarriff

SCOTLAND.
EDINBIIIION, JAN. 15.
Edinburgh is about to borrow a hint from Paris
in providing winter amusement. The Caledonian
Horticultural Society propose a glassencloeed winter
garden, at first to be 140 feet in length by 35 in
breadth, and afterwards enlarged, so as to admit of the
cultivation of the moat rare exotics, as well as to form
a brumal promenade. The project is likely to meet
with every encouragement.
Mr. Sheriff Watson of Aberdeen has published an
interesting report on juvenile crime in that city. He
proves statistically the decrease in committals since
the introduction of industrial schools. To those who
do not care for figures the following reports of special
cases will be more interesting than dry statistics :
A remarkably hopeful, truthful girl, of 12 years of age
(says the sheriff) thus told her story to the matron of •
prison :—" I used to go about with father to ask for a piece
of bread or a bombes. I ran away from hint because he
beat me. My mother died when Iwu a wee bairn. She is
the only person I can remember who ever told me what
was right. I could net read at all when I came to prison,
but I could say the prayer mother taught me before she
died. I have no other relation than my father that I know
of, but • sister. I suppose she must be going wrong, because
we never had anybody to care for us and teach us to do
right'' And the poor motherless bairn wu sent to prison
to learn the elements of useful knowledge, and receive the
first lessons in morality and religion.

LINCOLNSHIRE,

C/lIIRCII LIABES.—The eltamford Mercury sap
Through the instrumentality of a pamphlet on this question,
the proper settlement of which has been too long procras-
tinated, Mr. Moore is attempting to rouse the Lincoln public
(who are vitally interested in the matter) from the torpor
which has been so long apparent. The pamphlet is the pro
duction of a committee formed for the purpose of "procuring
from the legislature a better tenure of church leasehold pro.
perty." After giving a history of the system of church
leasehold, and a detail of the efforts which have been made
to procures settlement of the question, it is shown that legis-
lative interference is more urgently called for even than for-
merly, as'much church property has passed away from lemon
having only a life interest in the property, to the Ecelmhsed•
cal Comuussiosers, " whose chief object is to obtain die
largest possible income from ecclesiastical leaseholds, and
who are in a position to refuse the renewal of leases anon-
ther, and, ley sacrificing all future fines, to secure for the
church eventually the whole amount of the improved rent of
the property." The modus operandi of the commissioners
is thus set forth : " They have adopted certain resolutions,
from which it appears that they do not in'end to renew any
leases on lives by the addition of a uew life, nor any leases
whatever in consideration of a fine. So far as they are cos.
cerned, therefore, the old system of leasing is to be abolished,
and although they professedly offer either to purchase the
lessee's interest in the property, or to sell the church's re-
version in it to the lessee, yet the terms on which either of
these alternatives is proposed to be carried into effect are so
unreasonable that they ought in no case to be accepted; for,
whilst they put the highest price on the fee that it would sell
for with possession, they value the lessee's interest at the
lowest rate that a leaseholder would accept whose necessities
compelled him to part with his lease, and estimate their own
reversion ae the difference between the high price of the fee
on the one hand, and the low price of the tenant's interest
on the other—a mode of maculation tending in every instance
materially to increase, and in some eases even to double, the
sum which is in fact the real marketable value of the church's
reversion,—whilst they make no allowance whatever for
what has hitherto been deemed a right, on the part of the
tenant, to renew his lease when a life drops, or at stated
periods in his term. In proposing terms for the sale of a re-
version, the commissioners take the value of the fee-simple
at from thirty to thirty-three years' purchase, thus establishing
a standard of value equal to that of aa estate in the hands of
its owner, unencumbered with a long lease,—which is not
expected to pay more than 38 or even 3 per cent. interest on
the capital invested in it. But in valuing the tenant's inte- '
rest, the commissioners adopt quite another standard : they
take, not the real market value, but a tabular value, calcu-
lated oe an amount of capital paying 5 per cent. interest,—
thus assuming that the property to the tenant is only worth
twenty years' purchase. The merest novice, however, in
valuations must know that it cannot be lust and equitable to
value the fee according to one rats of interest or one set of
tables, and the tenant's interest according to another rate of
interest or another set of tables, and then to call the differ-
ence the lessor's reversionary interest in the property. In
other words it cannot be fair to estimate the fee of an estate
at thirty years' purchase, and in apportioning the respective
interests in it of lessor and lessee, to use a table which gives
only twenty years' purchase, and, having ascertained by such
a table how many of those twenty years' purchase belong to
the lessee, to give the remainder of the thirty years' pur-
chase to the lessor. This clearly would be apportioning only
two-thirds of the property, and giving the lessor the whole
of the remaining third, in addition to his proper share of the
other two-thirds. In one instance a lessee, who was pressed
for money, accepted 9001. for the surrender to the commis-
sioners of a lease which had coat him more than 1,5001., and
which he might have sold for more than that sum, or have
mortgaged to meet his necessity, if the ownership of the pro-
perty had not passed into the hands of the commissioners. In
another instance, a lessee who had mortgaged his lease was
compelled to sell it by the mortgagee, who became alarmed
at the commissioners' refusal to renew the lease, and insisted
on calling in his mortgage ; and all that the lessee could get
from the commissioners was 2,1001., when the table upon
which the value of the fee of his estate was calculated would
have entitled him to upwards of 2,9001. How soon some-
thing like this may be the fate of Lincoln lessees, it is impos-
sible to tell, since ecclesiastical property is constantly passing
into the control of the commissioners. It is estimated that
the number of church leaseholders throughout the kingdom
amounts to 12,000 or 14,000. and that the leasehold property
is worth 36,000,0001. ; and it appears that the adoption of
Lord Monteaele's plan of enfranchisement would produce
yearly from 250,0001. to 300,0001. to the church, over and
above what it is now receiving from reserved rents and
fines." The formation of local committees is enjoined; and, as
Lincoln is so largely interested in the question, local organ-
iution is suggested.
TAWI9IIIII/TRP_

Again:
A very little girl, of nine or ten years of age, appeared to
be one of the most unfit objects for prison that could be well
imagined, till her poor deformed sister, smaller than herself;
though a year or two older,waarinted out in another cell.
They were the daughters of a maimed disabled sailor, who
in asserting Britain's glory had lost both his legs, and wan-
dered the country in a cart, accompanied by the children,
begging as they went. They had been sentenced to 12
months' imprisonment for stealing apples. The youngest
was an industrious child, willing to please, and finishing her
daily task of oakum-picking long before evening. The
eldest child was more than ordinarily intelligent, and quite
aware of her desolate situation. She cried bitterly an she
said, " Our life has been a very Nair one. I have heard say,
my mother killed herself with drinking ; and I have just
heard that father has died since we have been here, and now
ve have no friend to care for us."
Sheriff WaSson's remedy is the industrial school,
not only for young beggars but for young thieves at
the beginning of their career.
The mortality of Edinburgh appears to have
reached its climax. In December the deaths were
1,030, in December, 1845, 404; in December, 1816,
09.