The Express.
London, England, 1851-02-03 00:00:00

BRAZILS.

FALMOUTH, SUNDAY.
This morning, just at the starting of the mail for
the metropolis, her Majesty's packet Linnet, Lieut.
James, arrived here from Rio Janeiro, Dec. 19.
The fever bad again made its appearance in as viru-
lent a manner as before at Rio Janeiro a..d outskirts.
The authorities desired to pi event the publication of
the hire of mortality, in order to prevent a second
panic in the commercial world, and with a view to
avoid alarm therefrom. Freight, 40,0001. Exchange,
30 to 30j.
The British tesident at Buenos Ayres had addressed
a memorial to Mr. Southern respecting the negotia-
tion going on betwet n But nos Ayres and Brazil., ai.d
had been informed, ;n reply, that the misunderstand-
ing would be settled by arbitration Led would not
cause a blockade. _

General Guido wee living in retirement.
The rains, it was hoped, would mitigate the vim
lence of the fever. _ _ _ _

The arbitrary arrest of a French milliner at It
had led to much excitement, and the French mann-
tides has taken up the matter.

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF TILE PACIFIC.
[Hy Elect"le Telegraph.]
(MOM OUR OWN CORIMAPONDENT.)
LIVERPOOL, MONDAY, NooN.
The arrival of the United Styles' Mel seam-ship
Pacific, Cintain Nye, which has just entered our
river, places us in p,wasion of six days' later intelli-
gence from New York than we ricesrea by the N:-
agars. The Pacific has had extensive elterarEns
made in her Eternal arrangements since she Let
sailed from ibis port.
the ',drat d .tee from New York are to the 22nd
ultimo, (the des of the steamer sailing) and from
Boston to the 21st. The Pec:fic brings a good num-
ber of passengers sad a large carco.
Advrces from California had been received to the
Lit December.
Our million and a half dollars of golf dust bad
been receivers in the American ports from the mines.
A fire had broken out at New 0 loins, whicsi do -
tr..yed a cons:derable amount of property. The
Sint Charles Hotel was burned.
Business throughout the United States continued
good. The market for American securities had
fallen.
C )tton was lower in price, and the receipts from
the Southern States were increasiug.

FATHER GAVAZZIS FIFTH ORATION,
YESIERDAY AT Tilt PRINCESS'S CONCERT ROOM.

CHARACTER or POPE PIUS IX.

The influx of auditors testifies to the growing in-
ter, st of these Italian harangues ; and we noticed in
the crowd several distinguishes members of the
English bar, as well as many artists of celebrity,
whose attendance we are not surprised at, for, whe-
ther as a new and exquisitely classic mode! of oratoric
delivery, or a perfect study of varied and picturesque
attitude, there is nothing in London that can stand a
moment's compirierin with the dramatic or forensic
display of this unrivalled speaker. To the initiated
in Italy's musical idiom the rich ressurces of his
varied and f irci'de vocabulary must be a subject of
perfect astonishment ; while to the simple spectator,
the rapid succession and variety of the orator's pan-
tomime and intonation, passing alternately from calm
argument or soothing pathos to withering denuncia-
tion, suffice in themselves to convey the exact transi-
tion of feelings and emotions to which he gives ap-
propriate utterance in a language of unapproachable
harmony.
Tne father's appearance on the raieed orchrstra,when
he prepared to address the assembly, by flinging the
folds of his black mantle over his shoulder in as to
reveal the cross of his order, was hailed by a burst of
welcome. He came, he raid, to talk to them of a
man once dear to them all, and most of all to himself,
who had known him in personal Intercourse, a man
whose every act bad been watched with intense soli-
citude, wlose every successive movement had caused
the hearts of millions to throb in succession, with
hope, joy, alarm, despondency, and despair. He
spoke of the man Mastai, not cf the mask Pio Nono:
disrobed of the sacerdotal stole, which is his own,
deprived of the usurped sceptre, which is not, be
recognised the bishop, though he repudiated the
king. He came to-day to arraign him in his character
of priest as well as of patriot, to put him
at the oar of his God as well as of his country. At
this time of day the farce of a donation from Con-
stantine, or the legendary muniments of King Pepin,
or the more substantial legacy of Etrurian Matilda,
were equally all anachronous pretensions. The day
is gone by for nations to rank as objects of transfer,
barter, bargain, or inheritance. To become the per-
sonal chattels of kings was ignominious enough ter
mankind; to sink into a drove of cleric tl cattle was a
still mare ignoble lot. The grounds of sovereignty
are various, but the most rot-en claim of the whole
was the title by which the Pops now breed over
Rome, a deposit of royal rubbish shot out of the
French baggage arts at the gates of the Vatican.
Scorning to notice the king, he arraigned the• man for
high misdemeanours against the land of hie fathers
and the church of God.

Christianity had passed the ordeal of a century of sar-
casm ; the irony of the scoffer and the shaft of ridicule had
failed; it remained to see how the papal system would
stand the test of calm reason and the scrutiny of a thinking
generation. It was no fair trial of its efficiency to view it
under the vacillating policy of Leo XII., or the stolid and
drunken tyranny (il übbriaco nerouiggiare) of the six-
teenth Gregory. Give it a chance under the sway of a gen-
tleman with a heart in his bosom was the cry of its apolo-
gists. The hour came and the man. Did not the nations of
earth clap their hands at the sight of the lung desiderated
spectacle ?—was not the Popedom at last to set at rest the
doubts and misgivings of mankind ? Could they still say
a churchman never yet forgave when the word
amnesty was proclaimed ?—when the power of the keys was
for once used to unbar a prison. At the programme of a
hierarchy linked with our common humanity afti r centuries
of disseverance, Europe rose in rapturous r.cognition :
Germany and England, the great laboratories of intelli-
gence, began to study the phenomenon with eager gaze.
Prance, even under Gulled and Philippe's leaden influence,
caught up a sort of spasmodic enthusiasm ; America
wafted o'er the Atlantic on the wings of steam the exult-
,lag plaudits of her freemen ; and even Turkey (not to
spea.k of the Spanish peninsula) hailed the civilising change.
The Jews joined in the general gratulation, and began
to suspect the coming of their Messiah, so stupendous was
the prodigy of a philanthropic Popedom. Need I describe
the effect in Italy ? The social mischief of ages at once
eradicated, hypocrisy abashed, religion redeemed from the
baseness of a trade to become a sentiment and a boast—
youth and manhood won at once to prize and practise its
inculcations.
The father, after a glowing picture of the pros-
pects of Christian piety in tae differeta states of Italy

roonsequent on tha new attitude of the high priest,
drew a dismal contrast, in which the utter odium of
every ecclesiastical ordinance and the loathing of
church ministrations now visible so painfully arum g
all classes have succeeded, without hope of change
but in the death of the preser.t occupant of the papal
chair. He ascribed the sad catastrophe as entirely
owing to the radical defect of his character—la mula
cede—that fatal incapacity for plain-dealing which, in
the history of m.dern timee, has been exemplified by
the Stuart and the Bourbon, Charles I. and Louts XVI.,
productive in nom cases of unforgiving hostility to
the throne as now to the tiara. Alen will overlook

anything but a paltry attempt to cheat them on the
part of monarchs—an outrage on their feelings
as well as an insult to their understanding—
despicable in a king, in • pope unpardonable.
The speaker proceeded to trace this systematic habit
of deception (the resource of timid and imbecile
minds) in the earliest acts of his pontificate, and in
'he wording of ins various encycl.cal and political
manifestoes, whether in the foil noon of his popularity,
or in the disastrous eclipse of Gaeta : he never could
be got to look a plain question in the face, his object
being constantly to mystify and delude. His untruth-
fulness was exemplified by many flagrant instances,
and, amor g the rest, the Father drew an amusing
sketch of his interviews with, and subsequent repu-
diation of, Lord Minto. He demonstrated how hollow
from the first was his grant of constitutional
forms to the Hornets, never having had the
slightest intention of surrendering a particle
of papal despotism. His adoption of Roasi as an in-
strument of deceit was characterised as the acme of
treachery. Ilia disguise as a footmen, and his ignomi-
nious flight, were but the natural impulses of a low
cheat, reduced to the vilest expedients of trick and
eva-ion. His notable discovery of a canon in the
Council of Trent by which " the republic was excom-
municated" arose from the same obliquity of mind:
as he must have been canscious that the canon he
quoted only applied to parties misappropriating
clutch revenues, and not to a nation averting
anarchy by self-constituted government when aban-
doned by the chief magistrate whose ft gilt wet
intended to create confusion and bloodshed, thou.!'
in that 'illations scheme he was doomed to dis-
appointment. False at heart, ha charmed the
heavy hours of his ignoble residence at Gaeta by the
promulgation of falsehoods, denouncing the re public
for having impeded the sacerdotal ministry, when the
first act of his return was to incarcerate 40 priests,
'whose sole crime was mine own, that of having
assisted the wounded and the dying victims of his
bumbardiag auxiliarite." What more outrageous
exhibition of a false and fraudulent idiosyncrasy than
his professed abhorrence of war and bloudsheddrns,
when summoned by the voice of Lai/ to head
the general uprising in the glorious effort to
shake off Austrian bondage, contrasted with
hie eager outcry for foreign help and his
truculent appeal to the cut-throats of Spate, Por-
tugal, Naples, and France, to come and gorge
their sanguinary maw on the vitals of bleeding
Rome; and, nut content with imbruing his conse-
crated bands ic the bloat of his people—eat satiefied
with crushing the manhood of the eternal city under
an avalanche of foreign savagery—he did what a
priest alone could do, wii hout feeling tho full depth
lof eel'-degradation, he foully traduced the woman-
, hood of his country, by proclaiming to Christendom 118
prostitutes the wives and daughters of Rome, 6.000
of whom, including every rank, thronged the hospi-
tals during the siege, o'seying the generous impulse
of a !townie and patriot feeling to be rewanied by
the dastardly detraction of this sacerdotal purveyor
of broken limbs and gaping wounds to the military
ambulance of his capital. lie to.i, became an amateur
visitant of the hospitals, but restricted his visitations
to the French, among whom he was profuse of rose-

ries aid otb,r amulets f.um the Vatican toydeltop,
amid the jeers of the unbelieving Gehl. Ai. antitne
the common rites of decent burial were grurig.d to
:he defenders of their country, aid in hie evening
drives towards tt e villa P.Lmfiii he mimed to ehiti
with complacency the odour of hie own hendiw.ak.

lid the Cdhuni•i-eshe brought on us make inroad on

his corpulence? Dick he "came from title wish un-
dimminhed rotundity and prostorous obesay, a credit
to the Portiei lareer and 0 ie•a kitchen, to r at hie

weary Goad, weary wi.h devising impostures, on the
pillows of his Homan pavilions to the distant music
tit m .ternal groat s and sistti ly lamentntions. sod the
shrieks of witiowhood.

Ile has, forsooth, a conscience so delicately organized that
the great obstacles to his statesmanship are his tender'
scruples. Why the man has not common honesty. In his
dealings with Piedmont what cures he how he damage the
Christian creed, if he can turn it into an engine of Austrian
intrigue and annoyance. Con he not wink at the shooting
of priests in Lombardy, and trials at the drum head there
of clerical patriots ; while' in Sardinia, to put a sacerdotal
swindler or adulterer at the liar of his country is found by
this man of unblushing duplicity to he a sacrilege. lie can
pocket the alms of Christendom, and employ them in sub-
sidizing a lot of wretches to shout at his chariot wheels, as
they roll over the stones of Rome, ready to rise in
mutiny against his abhorred rule. Ile can dis-
tribute gold medals to his police and to Mouta-
lembert, bestow a golden diadem on the winking
Madonna of Rimini, and cripple the trade and crush
the industry of the whole territory, and deliver up to Jew
brokers the resources of generations yet unborn. Ile can
keep men in irons for eighteen months without trial,
like Ccrnusehi, Monsignor Ganola, and the gallant
Major Calendrelli. The first has been acquitted, the second
has escaped his malignity, and the last still lingers, untried
and unaccused, in the sacerdotal dungeons: and people talk
of his " remorse," and his wish to " renounce the tiara and
carry into retirement a heart stricken with the woes of his
country." Why, the last interview I had with the man his
first word to me was, " Father, I'll listen to you, hut on
condition you don't pronounce the name of Italia." I
pointed to the tricolor cross on my breast, and leR his pre-
Bence forever. (Cheers.)
The speaker dwelt on the utter and deplorable dis-
appearance of religions fee lingo throughout the por-
tion of Poly, south of the Po. The biter alienation
of hearts and intellects, the wholesale abandonment of
'he church and its doctrines, which is sought to be
feebly and in driblets, couoterbalanced by a haul iii
the " fisherman's" net, exhibiting some votaries of
fashion and hallucinated visionaries in England to
whom R)meis unknown, and who live at a convenient
distance for enchantment. Were its court and its

corruptions familiar to the ken of these sad victims to
a nt mpholepsy of incredible delusion, the list of con-
verts
would be woefully curtailed. Simon Magus.
not Simon Peter, presided over the organisation of
the conclave and its subordinate machinery. Anto- ,
' Weill was a worthy eon of his father, the no-
torinas brigand, first lieutenant in his day
of Oaaparone. the exploits of both being still clas- ,
sic records in the district of Fra Diavolo, Terracina.
The actual life and soul of the Papal government
was the infamous Nardoni, whose condemnation to
the galleys for robbery, in the year 1811, is on the
publie records of Forli, and whose wattle career has
been a tissue of rascality. Terror and dismay pervade
the social life of the Romans: no press to enligh•en—
no tribunals to shelter—no representative to remon-
strate—no pulpit to persuade, for reliAion bas become
the ignoble pander to tyranny, and her holy influences
have departed, never to return. If religion is to re-
sume her empire over men's minds in Italy, she must
come arrayed in a very different garb from the livery
of the Vatican. The trail of the serpent slavery
is on her path; she hue become the degraded
handmaid of oppression. A religions revolution
will be the inevitable concomitant of the
approaching political deliverance of the peninsul
for religion is an indispensable element of human
society, and without its ennoblirg aspirations it were
folly to dream of a regenerated Paly. (Cheer...) The
late lucid interval in the long dismal derangement of
their desolate annals, had taught them the utter in-
compatibility of a sceptered Pope, either with Italian
Christianity or Italian independence. (Cheers.) They
must have a creed and a worship worthy of freemen,
worthy of the manhood that held Venice for 18 month/
against the confederated ene-gies of northern bar-
barism, and taught Europe that soldiership is not
extinct in the old land of the legionaries;
worthy of the valour that kept Rome for
sixty daTs against the trained cohorts of France, it.
engineering skill, and its scientific artillery : worthy
of the men who took their stand at Curtalone and
Montanara against the Austrian, and discovered by'.
the first uprising at Milan the terrible secret of foreign
decrepitude when a people acts in unison for freedom.
The church of the future must adapt itself to the
future development of the Italian mind and the com-
ing reemption of our country. The Popedom may
be a system suited to suckle slaves, but is manifestly
unfitted for the nurture of full grown freemen. (The
applause was frequent and load.)

DISCIIARGES PROM TUE ARTILLERY AND SAPPERS
♦ND MlNERS.—During last month 104 non-commissioned
ofticcrs and men have been recommended for discharge, 30
of whom are nut entitled to any penaion.

INDIA.

THE OVERLAND MAIL.

We have received our usuil despatches in advance
of the India mail. The chief news by this arrival is
the installation of S.r J. Grey and Sir W. G..min,
and the departure of Sir C. Napier and Sir Wiaoug,iby
Cotton. The latter general arrived at Malta OD the
127th nit. The dates are Bombay 3rd, and C.ilcutta
21st of January.
Our correspondent at Bombay writes as follows:

BOMBAY, JAN. 3.
The new commander-in-chief c.i the Bombay army,
Sir John Grey, arrived on S.:ll'day last, the 29th, and
was sworn into office next day et noon, at Perell,
special council having been a aced for the occasion.
Sir W. Cotton's farewell order is dated the 29.11, and
is a simple but affectionate document. The order of
government announcing his resignation is one of the
must cordially worded I ever remember to have read.
Sir Willoughby and Lord Falkland were believed
almost always to have pulled well together in council,
and the tenor of the order was therefore pretty
generally foreseen. Sir Jemn Grey's short address to
the army is exactly what it should re, for no army
has ever earned higher distinction, either in the field
or in garrison, for gallantry and implicit obedience to
authority under the most trying and difficult circune-
stances. These documents weal doub.lrss be read
with as much pleasure in Ike lard as ti ey have been
in India. Sir Charles Nap:er's tr rewell eider to the
Bengal army is written in the bitterest terms: he
taxes the officers with being generally is debt, and
with being, in plain terms, a sit of gatnhli.:g spend-
thrifts. The Governor-General's notification of Sir
Charlee'a resignation is looked fur with great interest,
as it is well known the two great men never agreed
together. I before alludea to the fact of the hero of
Meanee having refused to refund a farth.ng of the
overpaid Scinde prize money. It now appears that
the Governor-General referred the matter home,
and that he received from his eon:Jumble
masters a gentle wigging for Lot acting at
once when he became aware of tee general's
refractory conduct, and was directed to authorise
the Accountant-General to do the needful with Sir
Charles's pay till the said overdrawn amount was
refunded. Sir Chsrles embarked from Feruzepore on
the Sutlej on the 16th tilt, and may most probably
be in Bombay by the 10th instant it so, he will pro-
ceed home by the mail steamer of the 17:h. lie will.
of course, visit the battle field of Meaner., where the
greatest of his honour, was won, and spend a few
days at Kurrachee, whi re the steam frigate Moozuffer
awaits his pleasure. Sir W. Gomm was to leave
esteems fur the north-west in Christmas week: his
address to the Bengal army, on assuming command,
was a sound and sensible one, giving prorMse that the
rigorous hand of authority we uld be for ever stretched
out to uphold discipline at its highest pitch. The
Governor-General quitted Lahore on the 14th, and
reached Wuzeerabad somewhere reboot the 18th,
where he on the 24th was to rub shoulders with his
highness of Cashmeer. The diplay of trove to take
place on the occasion would, it was expected, be
extremely imposing. Io this there is much good
policy, as it would show his alippery rajah-
ship what he might expect if ever he should
be tempted to forget himself towards us. But
of this contingency there is very little chance.
Goolaub Singh has too gri at a emitted for
number one to do anything to displease us, how-
ever much he might teel incline dto du so. The Go-
vet nur-General was attended b the Commiesioner as
far as the scene of the met-• nig ; from thence to
Peshawur the noble marquis would be accom-
panied by Mr. John Lawrence, brother to Sir
Healey, woo is accounted one of the cleverest men in
the Bengal civil service. 030 of the Ditch papers
etas put forth a statement that the Marchioness Dal-
heusie hes preferred a bill on the Bengal government
fur carriage while travelling along with her lord and
m ester in the north-west! and the bill is said to
nave been referred to the Governor General for
audit. Sir W. Gilbert will, it to expected, be sue-
c eded at Lahore by General Battiue, unless the
former gallant officer should be. given another year's
grace ou the staff, as is reported to be far fro:n un-
likely, and as having been asked for. Sickness was
diminishing ski sly at the different stations in the
runisub ; out, strange to ass-, the he,el,h of the let
Fusil.ers at Lahore eines bud, if not worse, than ever.
On the 19th Dec., out of a total strength of 762, they
had 220 in hospital, at d 90 on the con-
valescent list—the deaths during the month
having been 28! Toe regimeut had lost since
its arrival at Lahore on the 7th of January last, 130.
The Lahore Chronicle says, " The march into Anar-
kullee may afford some relief, but to our mind the
let Fusiliers ought to have 1. ft. Lahore months ago."
Sir Joseph Thackwell left M. erut on a tour of in-
spection on the 26th of December, and would be
atesent for about a month. Captain Nutball, of the
23rd Madras N. 1., second in comtnsul of the 4th
Puojaub Cavalry, died at Itlooltan in the Bth of
December, on his way to Kurrachee and Bombay on
medical certificate. Mr. Fiingle, ex-commissioner in
Scinde, has resigned the service. Seinde supplies
little in the shape of news : the weather had
been "curious" for some time, and sickness
was becoming prevalent, more especially at
Hyderabad. Sir G. F. Berkeley was expected
back at Madras early in the present month
from his tour. Nothing has transpired as to
his visit to the capital of the Nizam. The death of
the Rev. Dr. Meiklejoho, senior mieister of St. An-
drew's Church at Calcutta, on the 11th December,
when he was on the point of starting for the Cape,
will be heard of with regret by a number of his
friends at home, who had been led to believe the rev.
gentleman was in a mending way. The death of
Messrs. T. Bracken and P. O'llaulon of Calcutta,
will also be heard with regret by hundreds to whom
therm gentlemen were known. Brigadier-General
James and Colonel Jameson have gone to the Cape;
and Colonel Grant, of the Engineers, to England, on
sick leave. Sir W. Cotton embarks this evening for
England. He has, it is said, dispensed with the
limitary show usual upon such occasions—as did
S.r John Grey, on lauding on Sunday last. The
four Kojahe convicted of murder at the last sessions
were hung on the 18th ulr. The rope by which
one was suspended broke, and the wretened man fell
strangled and nearly senseless t 3 the ground. He
was, upon this, carried into the jail, and every means
humanely resorted to to bring him round, for the pur-
pose of being re-hung, a ship doctor having volun-
teered his services on the occasion ! When brought
to so far is that he could set up agains. the back of a
chair, his head hanging on his breast, he was carried
up to the drop, and there a second time cast off sitting
in the chair! The barbarity—the atrocious heartless-
ness of bringing a man back to a sense of his
wretched fate only to re-bang him, cannot be too loudly
condemned, and will not be palliated by the greatest
stickler fur capital punishments. Is it not a question
worthy of discussion whether the act of restoring the
wretched criminal to consciousness was not illegal an
well as barbarous? Why not have let him lay where he
fell, and where he would in a few momenta have
died ? No! the cord was cat from his neck, and he,
as it were, brought from the gates of death again to
be consigned to them. Dr. Buist has been eazetted
as sheriff of Bombay for 1851, as in my last I told yen
he was to be. Au eminent and long-ratablishei firm,
Messrs. Dadabhoy and Muncherjee Pestonjee,has sus-
pended payment : their liabilities amount to about
250,0001., but if time be given it is believed the assets
will more than pay their creditors in full. They have
heretofore been considered as amongst the most opu-
lent of the Parsee community. A rew firm, Phillips,
Brothers, and Co., has just been set up here. Mr. J.
T. Bell, the overland parcels agent, has joined the
house of A. H. Ruschke and Co., and a Mr. A. T.
Binny that of Ritchie, Steuart, and Co., as partners.
The up-country papers received to-day are news-
less.

At Loodhiana Sir Charles Napier issued the follow-
ing farewell address, of which the Bombay Times, in
its summary, says :

It is probably not yet generally known to the European
reader that the personal liabilities of the British officers in
India to their various creditors exceed a million sterling,
that four-fifths of our subalterns are in debt, and that the
civil service is still worse in this way than the military.
This woeful state of matters, with all the sad train of de-
plorable consequences attendant on it, is almost entirely
due to habits of selfish or sensual indulgence and gross per-
sonal extravagance which have for many years past been
creeping in amongst us—to horse-racing and other varieties
of gambling, balls and dinners on a scale met with at home
only amongst the nobility—the use, ad libitum, of cham-
pagne and other expensive liquors—with, at the presidency,
house-nets and cquipNica double or triple chat can be
alivremal. That these things are not the result of low pay

la evident from the fact that young civilians, who receive
twice or thrice as much as young soldiers, get just so much
the more dci ply and rapidly entangled, whereas large
bodies of non-commissioned ulticers make money from their
pay. Taking this as his theme, Sir C. Napier has read the
troops he lately commanded one of the moat tremendous
lectures ever puhlidied, the more cutting and tremendous
in that it is almost :ill of it true.

utterly ignorant. Must an officer, because he belongs to a
mem, explain all his distresses, his misfortunes, his
resides his follies, to the members of a mess, in order
prove his incompetency to meet its extravagance? Common
sense forbids this; yet, unless the mess es on such an eco-
nomical footing as to enable the ensign on his pay to join
it, this infringement on a gentleman's private liabilities and
demands must take place ; and the commanding officer alone
can protect every one under his orders from the often in-
sufferable presumption of mem committees. He, alone, can
properly direct and rr rule matters that the ensign can lice
on his pay, and live becomingly—that is to say, save on yis
ray. I do not call drinking wine or beer, or inviting
friends, " becoming." It may be so, or it may not, accord-
ing to the means and feelings of each individual ; all I main-
tain is, that the mesa must leave each member free to do as
his means enable him, for each officer is, individually,
responsible for his conduct to the public from which
he receives his pay. This is justice, and justice can
; never be wrong. The pay of au ensign is sufficient for his
I just expenditure, and the commanding officer is, and can
alone he, responsible that this rule of rigid and just economy
is never infringed. What officer will go to a mess commit-
tee and tell his private misfortunes, or his difficulties? Yet this
is what those people (who say that the commanders of regi-
ments ought not to interfere a ith the mew) want ! They are
overbearing tyrants, who want to set aside the private affairs
of officers, and to make those officers who cannot afford such
extravagance, pay for these persons' 'clash enjoyments,
which they want to indulge in at other men's expense.
That is the real object of thaw who wish to prevent the in-
terference of commanding officers; but the rules of both
Queen's and Company's services give commanding-
officers the right to interfere, and the commander-
in-chief will take care to hold him responsible that
the ensign has his rights ; namely, the power to live
at the mesa as becomes an officer and a gentleman—
drinking water if he pleases, or drinking champaigne
if he pleases; but able out of his pay to liquidate his debts
like a gentleman, drinking what he may. That is to say,
that the necessary mesa charges leave him enough, out of
his pay to cover all his other reasonable expenses.
16. The fifth cause of t xpense and ruin I believe to be
the banks. 'they afford a ready means for the young and
foolish to obtain money, but at an enormous interest. I
have heard the objection to banks contested on the score
that formerly officers who now borrow from banks borrowed
from natives, and even from their own mildiers ; that it is,
therefore, better for an officer to be in debt to a bank than
to natives. I am unable to say what was formerly done ;
but I am perfectly sure that whatever facilitates the bor-
rowing of money produces ruin to young officers—encou-
raging those sires which are the most mischievous, especially
racing, a vim always accompanied by gambling and extra-

-
To tux Ontcxn. nt TO! Alt.ey.
ITead-quatters, tamp Ferosepore, Ikr. 15, 1850.
It would neither be justifiable nor becoming in me to in-
terfere with the private affairs of officers in the army which
I have the Minim,- to command, so long se thane private
affairs do nut interfere with the public service • bit when
they injure the public service, when they reflect disgrace
upon our uniform, it becomes my duty to draw attention to
the subject, and in this public manner to call upon the offi-
cen of the Queen's and Company's services to exert them-
'elves in maiataining the honour of their regiments, by ma-
sking the Commander-in-Chief in putting a check upon
those se hose debts are no leas injurious to the fair fuse of
the military profession than discreditable to their regiments
and ruinous to themselves,
2. It Is more than one year since I received a very excel-
lent letter (nom a Brigadier, upon this important subject.
1 had thin just assienesl my present command. I waited
to see more clearly bow matters stood before I felt justified
in touching upon affairs of an private a nature. From that
time to this day a considerable portion of my time has been
taken up in the examination of weekly, if not daily, com-
plaints a. ii t officers for non-payment of debts, and, in
same inctietees, the ruin of tradesmen has been consequent
on that muse. There is, therefore, a call upon me for this
enter- a CAI with cannot he east aside.
3. WI,. a it is considered that the army is of an immense
magnitude, I am bound to say that the number of officers
who base misconelneted themselves in • manner so
derogatory to the character of gentlemen, is not in-
ordinate ; but, at the same time, it is so large
to repn ssion with tt strong hand ;
and I do nod that the officers of regiments will
take not ooly vigorous, hut rigorous, measures to bring
thou ells, AM guilty to a stnst of shame at being ordered to
app. er befon. a Court of Its-quests for debt. An officer who
is summated before a Court of Iteirests must feel con-
scious that, although wearing the Bntiah uniform, he is not
standing them in the character of a gentleman. Ile must
feel, if he feels at all, disgust at his own degraded position.
Ile may, by gooseibditT have been unfortunate; he may
only have been thoughtless, but must feel in his heart that
ben before the public in a group with the intansous,—with
those who are cheats, and whose society is contamination.
A well-bred gentleman cannot support this forting.
4. 1 am not rui-7ely a rich Mtn speaking to those who
are poor. I have known poverty, and have tired for years
at le-ss than half what every ensign in this army receives
gad roll, in a Ton, expensive country than India.
I take no merit to myself for this; I only state it as a fact,
that I mas not he taunted on the threshhold of my argu-
m. by b ing told I know nothing of the difficulties of
poverty. Ido know them perfectly, and I know more—
-1 know that eve ry ensign in India can live well on his pay,
and that many, who hare never appeared before a Court of
be quo 4., hare largsly assisted their families—largely, com-
pare el to their means.
S. I do not say that a subaltern officer ran give dinners ;
I do not say be run indulge in many luxuries • I do not say
he can east off all selfsleitial; nor do IWC why he should
do any of these- things. The proceedings before these
Courts of Resin( As are the shameful proofs that he should
not. When an officer gets a commission, he, without that
labour which attends the initiation into most other profes-
sions, at Mier n rein, a good income, and that before lie has
any knowleilJe of his trade. In most other professions a
young man hardly gets his food at the commencement. The
fannies of many officers, if nut of all, hose made great
saeriliti s ty gaits this amply sufficient income for these
tiflise.re. and tie •i• last have uo right whateser to live as if
they we re es-nth-me n of hustled property, nor as men do who
base s. reed lorigt r and earnest a higher rank and greater
income than then.s.dvcs. It is Thu desire to imitate those
above us, and not to regard our own means, that is mis-
chiesous to all. and must sn to young join.
G. The result is ruin to numbers. To show this I will
quote from two brigadiers' letters, sent officially for my pe-
rusal ugtn . d"-grading subject: "At a Court of Re-
quests, held on the nth inst., the were 53 eases, and (with
the e‘reption of four of trifling amount) all against subal-
terns- attiount to 4,/474 rupees." Again, the name officer
writes lberes-• Exerlitimi Genecal • are not unfre-
titent, and the efficiency of the officers seriously effected by
their pecuniary embarrawnwilts." Again," Although lam
swam that it i. sery difficult to control the expenditure of
rs, s. t, when they are brought forward thus publitly,
moth alter mouth, I consider it my duty to bring to the
notice of his ens-lmey the involved circumstances of the
other' tinder my enminand, with warm, in other respects, I
hog.' I. 1.11111 to find."

vagance. _
17. Some of the evils which I have touched upon may
be remedied by the Commander-in-Chief; some by com-
manders of regiments; some by the officers of mrmenta
as bodies; and some by individuals themselves. 10 these
I must leave them. I can only offer my advice as I quit
the scene. To-day I am commander-tn-chief; a week
hence I shall be no more to the armies of India than a pri-
vate gentleman. But the armies of India must ever be
much and dear to me! For nine years my whole energies,
such as they are, have been devoted to the honour and glory
of the company's trouts.. I may say that I hate become as
much identified with the armies of the three presidencies as
if 1 had risen from their ranks: I have jealously guarded
their honour, and I have fought at their head.
18. 1 now leave them for ever. But in the retirement of
private life, although no longer able to serve them, the des-
tinies of the Indian armies will ever occupy my thoughts.
19. I here take leave of them, hoping that this order will
be of use as the last which lean issue to the armies of India!
(Signed) C. J. NAPIER, General,
Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.
Head-quarters, Camp lernripoor, 9th Dec., 18.50.
By order of 11. E. the Commander-in-Chief,
AftIIIML 5. IL MOtNTAIN, Colonel,
Adjutant-General H. M. Forces in India.

It is a fair ultimatum of Sir Charles Napter s idvi-
syncrasy that even with regard to courts-martial to
his left no rrrrrr R, out of overstrained delicacy to his
successor. Just as the public had inroad their eyes
to the new comer, their attention was forcibly re-
called to the departing soldier by pubication of the
oroct erlit.gs and sentetee of a courr martial on Una.
It F. Fansbawe, of the invalid.. The chirps were:
crowing money frum a sergeant order his com-
mand, neglecting to pay rent fur a house which
nevertheless be could not give up, keeping his ser-
vants largely in arrtur., and miesppropi iat ing moneys
ntrusted to him. The court's ha Mg on the fief
charge was guilty; and enhetantiolly hut with rerb..l'
Iterrti. we • aim bar tihdirg was delivered on the
rear. The sentence was that the prisoner he " very
severely reorirnar.d. d." This was "confirmed"—how
far a poised. let the r. mit• Its trattfr :
Remarks by his Esecliency, the Commander-in-Chict—l
am unable to undo-stint( upon what principle the court
found Lieutenant Fanshawe guilty of Ow tint charge, and
yet fails to cashier this officer. An officer who is capable
of writing a begging letter (asking for money) to a sergeant
under his command, is unfit to hold a commission, even had
this act not been a direct breach of the general orders,
and had been the only one of which he has been con-
victed.

Atedin r Brigadier writes thus, " Anotht r officer I
know charninene tiffins, drat ing his screanta to drag
him Is•ior. the court for their just claims. flow bumiluting
for those e.srineeted with, and proud of, the professims!
YI.A, it is humiliating, and long experience tells me that it
is to the exemplary conduct of regimental officers, and to
the sentenees of counts martial, that the army must look for
torreeting this Ist,ness in individuals. That the Cummaiider-
in-ehief • ill sumwt theoffic. NM' regiments, I may venture
to assert who. o, r thst Bonimander-on-Chief tame be ; but the
glens power to keep dos n such misconduct is in
the messes, The mall must he lsoc, in every acme of the word,
that can hear tle• contumely of his commdes, incurred by it
disarms fill action. But 1 mint not confine myself to memos
alone. l'onamamletu of regiments •houtd strenuously exert
thetns. Is es to maintain the good name of their regiment".
They should n collect that I sourts of Itequests, when they
that jn.titr 1.. it trltd.,ttlltll, or other creditor, de-
mands of them to put an officer under 1141111pAgtil, pronounce
that the said Whirr is a man so lost to all .e nor of propriety,
that In I'ML'iltlatlrs to defraud his creditor' and thenfore
CHI no longer lie sornidercd in the light of a gentleman.
Ile is foreed to to honourable against his will ; and it is the
bounden duty of the commanding officer to refuse to such a
p-ratio all and to hold him NO strictly in hand
that sin misconduct wt the officer's pan may at all events
hs. as ilisa_:ria abl, to that officer himself as it is to his regi-
ment and hi. tridesmen.
_

I am equally unable to understand upon what grounds
the court acquits the prisoner on the third charge. The
court finds that he, a 'British officer, did owe money to his
servants. It is also proved that these poor men were much
distressed thereby, and, In consequence, were obliged to
borrow money. Moreover, while Lieutenant Fan.luswe
did not pay these men their wages, this officer kept three
horses (fur I am warranted in taking it for granted that he
did not keep three grooms without 1w kept three horses),
his duty being confined to the fort of ('honor.
I do not know to what " peculiar circumstances" the
court eon possibly refer, to excuse such an art of dishonesty
and want of feeling. The only " peculiar circumstance" I
can find is that Lieut. Eanshawe chow to contract debts
which he well knew that he could not pay. I cannot agree
with the court in its extraordinary opinion that " no guilt
attaches to the fact" of nut paying servants their just wages
and forcing them to borrow money in their *lister... lam
inclined to believe that, if the government kept the mem-
bers of this court eight months or a year out of their pay, we
should hear very did% rent sentiment. expressed.
(Signed) C. J. NAPIER General

...
n. That I am not I.llaggerating thew matters, I could
esualy • • by publiahing hu-h fact• to the officer, of the two
Plllll, a. Would .bock !Very honest awl honourable man,
and .how how entirely I am authori,e.l in raying that the.-
fact, are to the last degree iliahonourable. One command-
ing ofticcr of a noituent thua : can confidently as-
ben that the num.-rotes ra,c, brought monthly before the
Courts of Ite.toc.t, are a di.gr4ee to the army we la•lonu to."
This I. one wirmg many who are Labouring for the honour
of the Pass

Reprimand —Lieutenant Fanshawe, your sentence is to
severely reprinnuided." I cannot understand why the
court-martial did not cashier you, as in my opinion it ought
to have done. Public duty makes me regret that you have
escaped from a just punishment, but I shall rejoice if the
very lenient punishment indicted may improve your con-
duct as a British officer.
(Sigurd) C. J. NA.tsn, General,
Commander-in-Chief.
Lieutenant Fsn•hawe is to be released from anent, by
order of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief.
H. T. TrcitEn, Lieutenant-Colonel,

9. I haw not sought for this information from conifers ;
tin v h ti, r. tame unimited from men of high rank in both
the Urn ,11.11 and Company's services, and have been rent to
me formally us official complaints. They are 111411 who feel
as every officer in the Qurn's and Company's services
ought in 6,1.
to. But while stating how very disgraceful it is for an
conker to Amstar bo fore a Court of Itequests, I will soya few
words upon the ranrs of such conduct.
. .

11. 'rho tied is, that some young men get eommissions
without basing had much education, or perhaps a vulgar
OW. a loch is worse. These officers are nut aware that
honesty i. inseparable horn the character of a thoroughbred
gentleman. A vulgar man, who " enjoys a Champagne
Tiftlo..ind see nith, his servants " (as ahnpdier writes
to no.. shim speaking of these matters, and referring to ma
offiesr under hi, immediate command) may be a pleasant
tompanion to thaw who do not hold him in contempt as a
suhtar lease -but he iv not a gentleman. His commission
snake. him an nificcr--but he is not n gentlemen ; and I
elaim that character in all its integrity for the Mayen, of her
111apaty'a a-rose.'. and for tb.ae of the Honourable East
India i'mpany. I speak of men whose own misconduct
has brought them into debt : not of those whom misfortune
has thrown into debt. These last ate very few in number,
and sery unfortuu.de indeed to be on the same list
with those whom they despise. Of thus.- who are so un-
fortunate. I need not speak; their own exertions to pay
their debts are unreusing and honourable.
1•2. The second cause is, that young men arrive in India
And think that, having escaped from school it is manly to be
di-honourable. So they cheat the government by not at-
& rubor to their duties, and they cheat their tradesmen by
not paying their debts. They meet champagne-drinking
swindler,, who sponge on them and lead them into expense.
Then tonna deb'—then beakers are at hand to advance
snowy. 1 hum they. become involved past redemption, and
boon the habit of being constantly in debt makes them grow
callous to the proper ft-clings of a gentleman.
11. Now. if all officers commanding reuiinents were to do
their duty (as gn-at numbers do), and if the hotly of officers
of each regimeat would gise such a commander proper sup-
port. this eanirse would not be followed by young men on
their arrival in India. Its strict lessons in their duties,
and plenty of drill, the commanding officers of regiments
would pin cent government being cheated, and by
the proper gentleman-like conduct and honourable sen-
timid. which should pervade every mess, re probating
expense and extras agave.. of all sorts, and by practising
rigid economy in the establishment, the young officer would
at once learn that to drink unpaid-for champagne unpaid-
for beer, and to ride unpaid-tar horses, is to be a cheat and
IDOL a iOntlvrOol.
11. The third cause of debt iv the eore.tant marching of
regiments. This has no remedy in time of war, and I have
strongly nermimended that it should be. as much as pm-
Bible, avoided in time of peace. It is very severe on the
troop., sail on the state iteelf. The Governor-General con-
curred in my recommendation that the troops should not
be generally relieved this year, and I hope none may be
moved for some years to come if peace continues. However,
these marches ought not to throw careful and honourable
men into debt. They are, when required. the proper and
just demands of the service, and every man can he, and ought
to he, fully prepared to meet them. Still these marches are
taws of difficulty. and the difficulties which result from
them are, in some degree, excusable iv very young and in-
tips riencial men, but not so in old officers who hare risen
to the rank of lieutenant.
15. The fourth cause of debt is the extravagance of means.
This I entirely charge upon the commanding officers. Many
regiments (both Queen's and Company's) have economical
msa, especially in the Queen's regiments, because the
number of officers in the latter is so large. But many regi-
ments are extravagant. And in all cases where a mem is
extravagant, the fault lies with the commanding officer. I
have heard it said by wine, that " the commanding officer
ought not to interfere with the mess, which should be con-
sidered asthe private table of the officers." Now, people
who talk thus forget that there is a wide difference between
a HIPP!, and a private gentleman's table. The last is regu-
latiel by his Mom, and there is bat one income and one
master to be consulted as to expense. But in a
Man there aro many masters, and the men must be
restulated by the income of the poorest. The majo-
rity have no right to crash the oor and
they
itzt MMus, with the extant of whose liapt:iitSisa theyave

Adjutant-Geheral of the Army.
The Calcutta Star furnishes the following items of

Ills Excellency Jung Bahadoor arrived in Calcutta two
days ago, on hoard the IL C. steamer Atalanta : everything
was prepared to week e him with due irlat, but unfortu-
nately as the Atalanta was proceeding up Garden Reach
the P. and 0. Company's Steamer Haddincrton ran across
the river, past the Fort, to get into dark. She was accord-
ingly saluted with a thundering peal of ordnance, and when
Jung Bahadoror reached Fort Point there wan no more gun-
powder Ire. Ile landed quietly, and a splendid mansion
has been engaged for him, at a small distance out of town.
The dusty streets of Calcutta and its stenches (which rival
in number and variety those of Cologne) can hardly attract
him from his duties ut Katmandu, and so we suppose he
will take au early departure in the steamer prepared fur
Lon.

Along our northern and north-western frontier, thus all
Is peace, and likely to remain pea eeful. Towards the north-
east the Magas of Assam have been rather unruly, and, it
is imagined, are acting under instigation of the Burma°
and Muneepore Rajah. A forte is a-field, and we shall
probably hear something more of the matter before the
next mail is dispatched.
The only dark spot is Hydrabad in the Deccan. Some-
thing must occur here, as very significant demonstrations
have been made by the British government, and the Arab
satellite, of Nizam's other creditors seem disposed to pro-
voke a collision. If one has occurred ere this, our Bombay
brethren will have particulars of it in time for the mail.
Sir George Berkeley had reached the capital at the date of
our last advice+. 1

In Calcutta, the weather has been exquisitely cold up to
rster,lar, which had all the damp warmth of a February
day. The town is crowded with Nofu•silites, whose faces
beam at the high prices of indigo, but who wonder at the
weakness of the cockneys in not getting up an insurrection
against the conservancy authorities. The electro-telegraph
has been completed as far as Diamond harbour, and it is
hoped will be made to cross the river thence to Kedgeree.

MILITARY

----- -
CASCALTILS BT DEATH in the armies of Taiiia,
reported Marc the departure of the mad on the lith of
December :

lipliii;TßoOPS.—Superintending Surgeon R. Williams,
F.M.C.8., at Kuhns, on the 9th December, 1860. Lieute-
must A. J. Cattle!, Ist Madras Fusiliers, at Balmy, on the
14th December, 18.50.
Bersetat TRours.—Captain F. Martin, Pension Esta-
blishment, at Agra, on the 7th December, 1830. Captain L.
R. Keane. Invabd Establishment, at Feroseporc, un the
13th December, 1860.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

BOMBAY, JAA. 2.

In rates of interest we have no change to report, although
money is in grater demand, and borrowing even on govern-
ment securitie. is difficult. We regret to have to announce
the stoppage of that old and respectable Parsee firm, Messrs.
D. and M.Pestoujee of this city a meeting of their credi-
tors is called for to-morrow, when it is supposed an arrange-
ment for winding up under trustees will be agreed to. The
partners arc lame holders of house and landed property in
IBembay, and if time be given, so as not to press sales at un-
seasonable times, it is hoped the creditors will be paid in
fhll. Securities of all sorts droop: they may be quoted—
Transfer Paper, 110 ; Sieca Fives, 102 ; Sieca Fours, 8.5 :
f3= ye Fives, 97 ; Company's Fours, 82. Bank of
f3hares, 18 premium ; Oriental Bank Shares, 18
diseount ; Commercial Bank Shares, 111 discount ; Agra
Bank Shares, 1 discount.
The import market during the past fortnizht has been
extremely dull, buy.rt not appearing to care about entering
on Slur-actions in any descriptions of goods unless at very

THE - EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 3, 1851.

unfavourable rites for importers, and the business trans-
acted has therefore been small in amount. Supplies have
meanwhile come to hand freely—two vessels having arrived
from London, three from Liverpool, two from null, and
one from Glasgow.
Corm!. PIECE GOODE.—Very little business has been
done in cotton fabrics since our last, and until the large
purchases made by dealers in the tint half of the month
have been disposed of, little animation can be looked fur.
GREY GOODS.—Shirtings have sold to the extent of 13,400
pieces, at from rupees 41 to Rupees 6.9 annas per
piece, chiefly 66 reed and upwards, 40 and 45 inch,
other descriptions being unasked for. A consider-
able decline on all qualities has taken place during
the fortnight. T Cloth.—Saks, 7,000 pieces, at rupees 3-5
to rupees 3-6 per piece, and they are in fair demand at
former rates. Domestics.—Sales, 1,924 pieces, at rupees
61 to rupees 13 per piece. The only qualities in demand arc
those suited for dyeing purposes, which are bought by the
Arab dealers for exportation. Jacconets.—Sales, 8,350 pieces
at rupees 1-31 minus to rupees 2-7 ann.'s per piece. The in-
quiry is confined to 4.5 inch qualities. Drill.—Sales, 701 pieces
at rupees 5-5 annas to rupees 51. In:Siadapollams and Law-
cloths there have not been any salts. For light descriptions
of the former a moderate request exists. Of 40 inch 36 yards
descriptions of the latter the market is nearly bare, and
they are in tolerable large demand. Ittzseiten Goons.—
Shirtings.—Sides, 2,140 pieces, at rupees 51 to rupees 81
per piece. Inferior qualities and middling are dull of
sale, the chief demand being for 66 to 72 reed descriptions.
Twills : Sales, 242 pieces, 36 inch 40 yards, at rs. 91 per
piece. Jaconets : Sales, 18,600 pieces, of the higher quali-
ties, at rs. 2 to rs. 4-1 arena per p. Madapollarns Sales,
1,000 pieces, low qualities, at rs. 3-13 mum per piece ; for
the higher descriptions there is no demand. Longeloths
and domestics arc dull, and we have not heard of any sales.
Fancy Goods: A moderate demand exists fur bleached
cambries and mulls, grey and white dboties, satin spots,
purple mulls, coloured lappets, and low lappet scarfs and
book muslin', in most of which sales have been effected;
while stripe check, pine and schen dresses, and Swim lap-
pets, are null and uainquired fur. DyedGoOds: For Turkey
red plain cloth alone is there any demand.
CorroN YmeN.—The value has somewhat declined, as
also baa the demand, and inferior qualities are difficult of
isle.

METAL'.—The general dulness observable in the cotton
fabrics market has alFo prevailed in that fur metals, and the
prices of most descriptions have gone down a trifle since our
last. Copper: All descriptions are dull of sale. Iron:
Sheet and hoop remain as at last report; all other kinds are
neglected. Steel of all descriptions dull, and lower in price
than when lag reported on. Lead, both pig and sheet, has
also declined in value, and is in no demand: the same may
be said of tin plate'.
COCIIINEAL,—A forced sale of
.33,000 lbs., at Rs. 1-13

annas per lb., has taken place, which has cawed a consider-
able decline in the value of the article.

SAFFRON has advanced in prier, and is in tolerably good
demand, but we have not heard of any sales.
WouLtass.—The market for woollens remain a.s before.
BEER.—The dealers have taken delivery of till the re-
mainder of Ban's beer, the sale of which we reported in our
last, and there is now no stock in first hands. In Allsopp's
a sale of 25 hhils. has taken place at rs. 80 per hhd., and
there is hut a very small quantity remaining in first hands.
Above 100 dozen English bottled have been sold at au. 51
per dozen, and a good demand exists fur it. The accounts
received from home mention that the neat season's brew
will be quite equal to that of the past.
Seiatrs.—The only sale reported is one of 100 eases gin,
at rs. 11 per ease of 15 square bottles, and the market re-
mains dull in the extreme for all kinds.

Srourl.—Canlas, bleachNl and unbleached,
cordage, points of all kinds, and oil of linseed, are dull.

ziroitts.

CorroN WooL.—The qualities now at market are very
inferior, and prices have consequently declined considerably.
The purchases have been confined to 400 bales Dholiens, at
1201 r,., and 200 Brooch at 112 rs. per candy. During the
past rear the exports to Orcat Britain have exceeded
290,00.0 hales or upwards of 30,000 in excess of 1849; and
to China 117,000 bales, or 28,000 bales less than during the
previous year.
OPll.M.—llemand for the drug just now is dull, and the
value has declined to 1,025 rs. to 1,050 re. per chest fur best
Malwa.

Inanants.—Tonnage abundant. Freights have declined
for England to 111. 17, fid. for Liverpool, at which rate two
vessels have been taken up ; and 11. 151. to 11. 17s. 6d. for
London ; for dead weight to the latter port 21.58. hu been
paid. For China it has risen to 13 rs. per candy, at which
two vessels have been taken up to-day.
EXCIIANCE.—During the fortnight first-class bank and
credit bills. six months sight, had advanced to 2s. 20.,
but have again fallen to 2s. 21d., which may. be considered
the rate of the day. The rate for one day's sight bank bills
is 2s. Id. On Calcutta, 60 days' sight, the rate is 97 ra.,
and on China 219 ro. per 100 dolls.
CALCUTTA, JAN. 21.

Vie Court.

Wl:it/SOU, SATCRDAY, Fen. 1.
The Queen, acoompanied by Prince. Albert, rode
oat on horseback this morning in the private grounds. The
Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, attended by Mr. Birch,
drove out this morning in a ismy phaeton in It indsor-park.
The younger members of the royal family took walking and
pony exercise. His Excellency M. Van de Weyer, the
Duchess of Sutherland and Lady C. Leveson Gower, the
Marquis of Lansdowne, the Marquis and Marchioness of
Salisbury, the Marquis of Augleacy and Lady Adelaide
Paget, the Marquis and 'Marchioness of Stafford, the Earl
and Countess of Wilton, Viscount and Viscountess Sydney,
Sir John Romilly, and Sir James Clark, It R the Castle to-
day. Her Majesty and Prince Albert did Sir George Ilay-
ter the honour to inspect the picture which he has painted
of her 'Majc-ty taking the coronation oath. The royal
dinner circle this evening included the Duchess of Kent,
Baroness de Spall, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. C. 11. and Mrs.
Phipps and 'Miss Georgiana Bathurst, and Mr. Birch.
SeNDAY, Fen. 2.—The Queen end Prince Albert walked
this morning in the Slopes. The royal family took their
usual airings. The Queen and Prince Albert, the Prince
of Wales, the Princess Royal, the ladies and gentlemen of
the court, and the domestic household, attended divine ser-
vice this morning in the private chapel. The lion. and Rev.
G. Wellesley officiated. The Duchess of Rent also attended
the service.

Latterly the demand for all kinds of Mane;heater goods
has fallen off to some extent, as is usually the case in these
months. when the severity of the winter in the higher prO•
vinces cheeks business, and the stoppage of the llhaugerutty
prm ids difficulties, and entails additional expenses on the
transmission of goods to the interior. Prices also have
in several instances experienced a further decline, but stocks
generally are not excessive. Grey shirting's have continued
in good demand ; but latterly a decline us prices has been
established. There has been little done in white shirtinge,
particularly of the lower qualities, the value of which is
next to nominal. A further fall in white figured shirting,
has induced some transactions in the fabric. White
cambric' have been lees actively wanted, hut the lightness
of the supply keeps rates from declining. Grey jam-
acts of the low kinds have been unsteady, and promise to
recede, White jacconets of the higher reeds have fallen
about 2 anises per piece. Grey and white madapollams
arc much in the same position as before as regards value.
White mulls are selling freely, but the coarser qualities of
all numbers are slightly lower. A further decline in prig s
has led to increased transactions in white twills. There has
not been much done in hook muslin' since the departure of
the mail ; hid former prime have been well sustained.
Lappets have continued in excellent request; but at no im-
provement in prices. Chintzes have not been inquired for
NO eagerly as before. For woollens the best season is passing
away ; still there has been a good demand for them. Turkey
lel goods remain light of stock, but the dealers have not
ben such ready buyers es before. In the shape of metals,
copper and iron remain depressed, and prices have further
declined. Speller and tin plates are on the rise. Salt is
slightly lower.
Twist.—NS'e regret to say that this important staple does
not occupy the same favourable position u before. The
imports have continued very light, and the stocks in first
and second hands are still estimated at not more than 300
bales ; but the demand has notwithstanding fallen off very
sensibly, as is usually the case at this season of the year.
The stoppage of the Bhaugerutty haa no doubt had some
influence in causing the present dulness; but steam eon-
veyance via the Sunderbuns will be availed of, when the
wants of the markets in the north-west become pressing,
which will be the case, we anticipate, in less than two
months, during which period the imports cannot by any
possibility be excessive. The present prices, as compared
with those that were current when the last mail left, show
a decline of to nearly 2 pie per morah on all counts except
20s. 110 s. and 1205., which have maintained their former
value from being exceedingly scarce. Imports this month,
GOO halm ; reported sales, ditto, 400 bales,

Lord Charles Fitzroy has relieved Major-General
Wemyss in his duty as equerry in waiting to her Majesty
and Lieut.-Colonel lion. Alexander Gordon has rdlieved
Lieut.-Colonel F. 11. Seymour in his duty as equerry in
waiting to his Royal Highness Prince Albert.

Toe Duchess of Kant, attended by Boroneaa de
Speth and Sir George Cooper, arrived in town on Saturday
morning from Frogmore, and visited the building for the
Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations. After
inspecting the building her Royal Highness went to Glou-
cester House, and visited her Royal llighnes.s the Duchess
of Gloucester. lo the afternoon the Duchess of Kent left
Clarence House, St. James's, on her return to Froginore.
t ra•met council sass held on tis^uemy afternoon
at the Foreign-office. The ministers present were Lord
John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Lans-
downe, the Earl of Minto, Sir George Grey, 'Viscount
Palmerston, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Sir John llobhouse, the Earl of Carlisle, the Right Hon.
Henry Labouchere, the Marquis of Clanricardc, and the
Right Hon. Fox Motile. The council sat two hours.
A deputauon, outimmting of Mr. Nlswerman,
Mr. Mitchell, M.P., Mr. Forster, H.P., Mr. Hartie, M.P.,
Sir James Duke, M.P., Mr. 11. Berkeley, M.l'., Mr. H. T.
Hope, M.P., Mr. James Soames, jun., Mr. J. G. Shaw, and
Mr. C. J. Thomas (Bristol), Mr. C'harles, Mr. Boyd (Glas-
gow), Mr. M'Kean (Paisley), Mr. John Johnson (Run-
corn), Mr. It. Wheen, Mr. J. Whern, Mr. Cromfield
(Warrington), Mr. Lund, Mr. Casey (Liverpool), Mr. All-1
brusen (Newcastle), Mr. Anderson, Mr. Simpson (Wake-
field), Mr. Cowan, Mr. Kintrea, Mr. Arthur Soames, Mr.
Dick (Leith), and Mr. Butt (Gloucester), had an iuterview
with the Chancellor of the Lxehequer on Saturday, at his
official residence in Downing-street, to present a memorial
for the repeal of the soap dutica.
A meeting of the c mmittee appolabei by her
Majesty's Commission:T.4 for the Exhibition of 1851, to con-
sider the question of the prices of admission to the exhibition
was held on Saturday, at the Board of Trade. There were
present, Earl Granville (chairman), Lord Overstone. Mr.
Cuhitt, Mr. Gibson, Colonel Reid, and Mr. Bowring (secre-
tary). Mr. Cole and Mr. Mike attended.
Mr. Nov hen, of Ituaney Otito ge, attended at the
home-office on Saturday with au address from the inha-
bitants of Bushey, Herbs, to be presented to the Queen
through Secretary Sir George Grey, respecting the papal
aggression.
Deauetches were mut rff on Saturday from the Co-
lonial-office to the Governors of the West India islands.

The Marquis of Lou.o..wt.e (Pree:deat of the
Council) will give a full dress dinner party at Lans-
downe House, Berkeley-square, this day, v. lien the
Queen's Speech on opening parliament will be read aft:r
dinner. The guests will include the mover of the Address
to the throne (Lord Howard of Effingham), the seconder
(Lord Cremorne), the Lord Chancellor, the Duke of Nor-
folk, the Marquis of Westminsttr, the Marquis of Aileb-
bury, the Marquis of Claurivanle, the Marquis of Breadal-
bane, the Marquis of lhotegal, Earl Grey, Earl Minos,
Earl Carlisle, Earl Grans ille, and Lord Stanley of Alderley.
Lord J)on Reis* It's lull Gress duller party to a
day, at which the Queen's speech will he read to the
as;s. mbled guests, will consist of 1111; following : The Speaker,
the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-General, Lord Palmer-
ston, Sir G. Grey, Mr. Howes, Sir W. G. Craig, Mr.
Bellew, Mr. Riche, Mr. (f. Lewis, Mr. Hayter, Sir C. Wood,
Mr. Fox Haute, Sir J. llobhow.e, Mr. .1. Elliott, Mr.
Wilson, Mr. lahouchere, Sir F. Baring, Lord Seymour,
Mr. J. Parker, Admiral Dundas, Mr. W. Cowper, Admiral
Berkeley, Colonel Amon, Mr. &tines, Mr. W. LaseeUes,
Lord A. Paget, Lord M. Hill, Lieut.-Colonel Boyle, Sir W.
Somerville, Lord Clarence Paget, Sr 1). Hondas, Mr.
Bernal, Lord J. Russell, Mr. R. W. Grey, Mr. W. Law,
Mr. A. Russell, the Marquis of KiiLre, mover, and Mr. Peto,
seconder, of the Address.

Th. Addresst in the Lords, in answer to Ow Qneen's
Speech, will he moved by Lord Howard of Effin:;hain, and
ikmnrled by Lord Cremotne. We have already ..t:,ted that
the Address in the Commons will be moved by the Marquis
of Kildare, and be seconded by Mr. Pcto.

Our market for country produce has continued very
active, and the desire to operate has been universal; but
the bare state of the bazaar has kept transactions within
limits. The accounts just received from home arc not quite
of the same encouraging nature as before; but the slight
depression which our advice.; represent, owe their origin
to the unsettled state of political affairs in Germany,
and not to any change in the important _principle whiCh
has imparted such a healthful tone to the English markets.
The extremely high rate of exchange has had its share in
limiting shipments, but we are inclined to think that this
item would be disregarded if our market had been better
supplied; because there is a strong feeling amongst buyers
that the home markets have not yet seen their highest, and
that the domestic consumption must increase materially in
consequence of the immense assemblage of people that is
expected to take place during the Great Industrial Exhibi-
tion of 1851.
Sugar has continued in great request ; but a paucity of
supply has tended to restrict transactions, especially so. the
quantity that ban been available in the bazaar has consisted
principally of the lower qualities.
°PH:lL—There has been the usual amount of gambling
transaction going on amongst the Marwarees ; but for the
bona fide purpose of shipment, there has been a trifling
business done since the first public sale of the season 1650-
1831 at little or no change in prices. At that sale, which
took place on the 16th instant, 1,989 chests Patna and
890 chests Senates were disposed of. We quoted prices to-
day at Co.'s Rs. 980 to 98'2 per chest for Patna, and Co.'s
Rs. 972 to 974 per chest for Senates.
henton continues to be as actively wanted as when the
market first opened, and the late transactions show a further
advance in prices.
FatlOßT.—Our freight market has been very =deli
during the past fortnight, and on the whole rates have bud
a downward career under the influence of abundant tonnage
and little produce to ship. Before the arrival of the mail
there was some activity visible, and rice to London was
shipped by first class vessels at 3!. 10s., and other goods iu
proportion. The American ships have offered some com-
petition and have been to a certain degree instrumental in
giving the market a downward tendency. In sugars the
transactions lately have been limited. Jute freight conti-
nues firm. To Mauritius' we cannot quote beyond Co.'s
n. 1.3 per bag. To China a large shipping order was taken
yesterday for rice at 80 cents. per bag.
E2CHANOX.-0117 exchange market opened for the mail
at 2-21 for American and other good credit bills at 6 months'
sight, and 2-21 for best document bills. At these rates a
considerable business has been transacted. The Oriental
Bank also sold at 2-21 for 6 months' sight to some extent,
and subsequently at 2-21 as the rate fell. The bulk of the
business has been done at the above rates, but some trans-
actions in Baring's hills have, within the last two or three
days, been concluded at 2-2. In Bank of England posters,
we have not heard of sales to any amount; but 2-11 mar bo
quoted as the rate at which large sums could be .old. Bank
credits at 60 days' sight have been placed at 2-11 to 2-11
per Company's Rupee. On China sales have been effected
for about 3 lees of rupees, at rates varying from Co.'s
223 to 2215 per 100 dollars, which rates are still current, and
are likely to be maintained. On Mauritius we have no
business to record, beyond some trilling operations at SO
center.

PPOINTMENTB.—Thyrnais Ge 'bow, E-q., professor
of chemistry at University College ; Dr. ?stiller, professor
of chemistry at King's College; and Dr. Hoffman, pro-
fessor of the Agricultural College of Chemistry, have been
appointed commissioners to inquire into the qualities of the
several waters now in use in the metropolis, and also the
supplies proposed for the future. Mr. Jean Marie Alex-
andre Auhert is appointed a member of the Council of St.
Lucia. Mr. William Vesey Manning is appointed a mem-
ber of the Executive Council of the Bahama Islands.—
Obsereer.

Mr. J. V. Goriby has been appointed Chief Clerk to
the Secretary of the General Post-office, in the room of Mr.
C. Johnson, clece.ued. This situation is one of the most
important and lucrative amongst those of a subordinate
character in the Post-office Department, and the person
who fills it is the principal of that small band of official per-
sonages, whose names scarcely ever transpire in public, and
yet are principally concerned in keeping the immense and
complicated machinery of the Post-office Department in
regular and orderly motion. The three last Chief Clerks,
?tiepin. Welch, Campbell, and Johnson, have all died at au
early age: Mr. Johnson was only 46 when he died; Mr.
Campbell attained the rank of Assistant-Secretary just pre-
vioni to his death. Mr. C. L. Teesdale succeeds Mr. Godby
as Acting Chief Clerk to Mr. Rowland Rill, the Secretary
to the Postmaster-General.

THE PALMER BrEGll9.—Mr. Bell has withdrawn
from the contest for the representation of the Falkirk
burghs, savant by the elevatum of the Exl of Lincoln to
the dukedom of Newcastle. The contest cow lies betwezn
Mr. Baird and Xt. Wilson.

PoirrY.—Tomorrow fore-

-
noon a large muster of the noblemen and gentlemen of both
houses of the legislature meet at the residence of Lord Stan-
ley, when the noble lords and hon. members in attendance
will be addresed by Lord Stanley ou the poli,y to be
adopted at the opening of the session,

DEATH (IT SIR FRANCIS LAWLET, BART.—We
regret to have to record the demise of the above highly re-
spected baronet, who died ou Thursday night last, at his
scat in Warwickshire, a short distance from Fawley. We
cannot give any particulars of the death of Sir Francis fur-
ther than that it was most unexpected, as he was out shoot-
ing and apparently in the vigour of health on the Tuesday
prior. The deceased Sir Francis was second son of Sir
Robert Lawley (the filth baronet) by his marriage with
Jane, only child of the late Mr. Beilby Thompson, and
consequently brother of Lord Wenlock and the Dowager
1I Lady Middleton. He was born in 1782. The late baronet
was a at personal friend of the late Sir Robert Peel, of
whom lie was a great admirer and a stanch supporter. Sir
Francis repre+ented Warwickshire in the House of Corn-
mona in four parliaments, but hw+ not taken any active share
iu politics since the general election in 183.3. As a landlord
he was highly revered by, his tenantry on his estates in
Warwickshire and Shromhire. The baronetcy passe', to
his brother, Lord Wenlock, who will also inherit his large
landed property.
DEATH OF LIEUT.-GENERAL EVATT. RE—On the
27th ult. this general officer, who had since 1832 held the
appointment of a Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engi-
neers, died at Canterbury at an advanc,d age. He entered
the service in 1788. In 1794 he was present at the attack
of Fort Fleur d'Epce, of Guadelaupe, and at the defence of
Fort Matilda ; the next year he served at Dominica, when
the French force which lauded for the reduction of the
island was attacked and capture:!. He was present at the
attack of the island of Porto Rico. The late Lieutenant-
General Esau accompanied the expedition to Holland in
1799, and was wounded at the H Adel%
DRAFT! OF CAPTAIN HENI:I HOWARD.—We tare
to record the demise of this gentleman, who expired on the
29th ult., at his residence, Beauchrunp, county of Gloucester,
aged 43. Ile entered the army iu 1824, and was on tie un-
attached lift since 1833. The deceased was son of the tenth
Earl of Suffolk, by Elisabeth, daughter of Lord Sherborne.
,He formerly represented the borough of Cricklade parlia-
' ment on liberal principles, but he was, nevertheless, a pro-
tectionist, so far as related to the importation of corn. lie
married in 1845 Georgiana Maria, eldest daughter of Lieut.-
, General Sir Jul= W. Guise, Bart.

BOARD 01, HEALTR.—Besidee the bleineee of the
valuations of old cemeteries and private burial grounds, for
compensation on closing them, and besides the valuation
and examination of new sites, the Board of Health has been
engaged in the investigation of the claims to compensation
of the clergy, churchwardens, and the parishes. We be-
lieve that up to the last week the investigation of the claims
of seventy of the parishes (including those of Marylebone,
St. Pancras, and a number of the City parishes) had been
decided.—Gesereer,
INCREASE OF FIEF ENGINE STATIONS.—At the
Maryleboac vestry, on Saturday, the inadequacy of the
present arrangements for protecting the west and northwest
of London was brought forward, in a letter from Mr. Skelt.
It is now thirty years since the King-strut. Portman.
square, engine station was established, and although the
west and northwest of London have much increased, to pro-
tect the neighbourhood of BAgrave-square. Chelsea, and
Kensington, there is no fire establishment nearer than
King-street, Golden-square; nor is there one nearer then
King-street,:Portman-square, to protect the neighbourhoods
of Paddinirton, Bayswater, and St. John's Wood. The fire
offices n..:eiTe first-rate pmfits from these places, the irsur-
once b..ast first-rate, and yet taillions of property arc left
unprotected.

CARDINAL WISEMAN ON POLISH
CON VERSIONS.

Yesterday evening a lo one woe delivered by Car-
dinal Wiseman, at St. George's, Southwark, on the subject
of conversions to the Roman catholic faith. The lecturer
commenced by showing that if there was one characteristic
more than another which the present age was ambitious of
obtaining, it was that of being an age of unceasing progress
and advancement. In every department under the control
of human activity there was a desire to advance, impatience
of delay, and little or no reverence for experience. Every-
thing was shifting and experimental, and nearly all were
looking with anxiety towards the future. In the midst of
all this change there stood one power which had stability for
its very essence, which had the past to calm and guide it ;
and was secured by an unfailing promise. This was the
church of God—the catholic church—which in principle
was unchangeable, which, admitting the great doctrine of
infldlibility as the basis of all ita dogmas, prevented
progress or advance in what related to the great
truths once committed to it. Therefore it was that to
many that church was an object of hatred and ottenee.
They saw that though the whirling, boiling ' tor-
rent might go around it, and fret against it,
yet it trembled not, and removed not, but re-
mained as it was before—the rock of ages. Strange to
any, while this was the only stable clement, there was
nothing in the age that was making more progress, or was
always inure completely up to the level of the tUvelopment
of the human mind. Literature and science, however they
might advance, found catholic* in their foremost
ranks, ready to compete with others in research.
in intelligence, in practical wisdom. Colonies were planted
in the extremities of the earth, where there could be no
barrier to free and independent thought ; the catholic was

England, they would reply to the fart that the whole
catholic church was combined week by week in
prayer for the ennvenion of England, especially in what
the catholic considered the most solemn and efficacious form
of prayer—that which wan embodied in sacrifice—prayer
unceasingly offered up for the conversion of this once W.and
of saints. Ire was glad that the eyes of the public were now
opened with regard to must of the doctrines of their reli-
gion. Open, straightforward declaration wan row the
proper course for them, and he had no doubt that they
would make satisfactory progress,

PROSECUTION OF CARDINAL WISEMAN.

A report hue been for roma time in circulation *hit
some gentlemen residing iu \Vestminstcr, who ajecttd to
the appropriation of their ancient city as the seat of an
arehiepiiroptil oce of the Roman church, and did not them-
selves like to be governed by one of the cardinals of the
Sovereign l'ontitt, had accepted Cardinal Wiseman's
challenge to test the legality of the recent Papal proceed-
ing' by an appeal to the law, provided he would admit that
they took place with his consent. It appears that a long
comssputalcuce has taken place betuet n the Caedistal's
solicitors and Mr. H. W. Valiance, the solicitor rettined for
foe propti,d prosecution, and we are given to to.derstanil
that it is likely to be published. The Cardinal took time
to consult with counsel, and it is understood
under their advice, takes the benefit of the legal axiom,
that a man is not bound to criminate himself. Diligent
endeavours, it is said, have been made by the solicitor to
obtain from other sources legal proof that the Pop 's letter
and the Cardinal's manifesto were published by the autho-
rity of the latter, but hitherto without PUMP/.

there before, or with others, and befo7etheinfiud republic
had assumed its shape, the catholic worship was established
in a pile which, perhaps, towered over the huts and cottages '
of the early settlers. To listen to the popular th.vries
respecting the catholic religion, one might believe that the
only atmosphere in which it could flourish was one con-
genial to the darkness and gloom of superstition and 1
ignorance ; that in order for it to reach its maturity snit its
perfection, fetters must bo placed upon the mind, and the
reasoning powers of man must be chained down to servile
obedience. Well, the experiment had been tried. France had
declared itself a republic, and the clergy of that country
would tell them that there had been a great gain to religion •
since the form of government was changed. And was it
not strange that at this very moment, when their religion
had bees more harshly dealt with in this country than at
any previous period within their memory—when it had
been held up to contempt, and even execration—when from
every extreme of the press, from every pulpit of the church
and the meeting-house, from every platform of every city
and county of the empire, there had come forth the most
fearful denunciations—denunciations more terrible than any
which even inspired writers had ventured to use respecting
heathenism—was it not strange that at that moment con-
versions should be multiplied, and persons of intelli-
gence, and sense, and education, and bight character,
should be embracing, day after day, the tell-
gion of a soft which, like the early hristians, are
everywhere contradicted ? " Why is this ? ' was a question
' which everybody must naturally he asking himself. Of the '
fact there could be no doubt, and little did those who hail '
been agitating the public mind know the calm and confident
look with which the catholic had gazed upon all that he hail
witnessed. The certainty which catholic:* felt that their re-
ligion must and would make progress, not only iii spite, but
in consequence, of all that had been one to prevent it. Ile
dated from all this warfare against the church of God a
period of progress far beyond what they had yet seen. Why,
than, was the catholic religion making visible progress its
this country ? One simple reason was this, that in every
age and in every place where two systems of thought stood
in antagonism to each other, the loss of the one mast he the
other's gain. The church established in this country by law
was losing. He did not say that this was a test of truth,
but it was n reality. If in polities or toleration, or anything
else which divided men into parties, one side was habitually
losing ground and the other as certainly gaining, that might
be a transition from truth to error. But how stood the
present case ? The catholic church had lust at time., lust
most deplorably ; but even at that great epoch, when this
country separated itself from the communion of the whole
catholic church, there was a violent action, a wrenching off
by force of one branch of the tree. The Reformation was
the work of one generation or little more, and then it settled
down with no farther power of progress, hut rather, in later
times, with a constant tendency to dissolution. In like man-
ner at the close of the last century the church of Frame
sunk as a prey to infidelity ; but there was no other system
Tilratline ground
—all
building Ciulape: andye dtii:ordan te:re, 4 n
I esaltholiCchunreelrt
returned to its place. It pleased (led to keep a genii still
alive in this country, which prevented us from being, like
Sodom and Gomorrah, utterly destroyed. It was certain
that for every One th it the catholic church gained the church
of England lost; there wax a distortion of equilibrium
which passed from the one side going to the other, una
weakening it. Moreover, from the church of England, and
not from the catholic church, had sprung that multitude of
religious denominations which coustitued 60 great a propor-
tion of the population. Now, this was an important test
of the truth of a religium If it were in a state of constant
lass and diminution, the question naturally arose what were
its future prospect‘ The established church claimed ex-
clusively what had been so lately termed territorial juris-
diction; it claimed to have its bishops considered the pas-
tom of the population or every city and every county.
How did it discharge this tremendous responsibility? It
was jealous of exceptions; it had again called upon catho-
lies, through its otlicial organs, to join in communion with
it, and had denounced them as schismatics, fur refusing to
do so; but had it come to them es the shepherd seeking the
lost sheep, tracking them through the desert, and kindly
offering to bear them on his shoulders, or promised to teach
them the true faith, unity of doctrine? What hope had
they that if they joined this church, she would
do anything for them ? Why, it was acknowledged
that in this very metropolis there were hundreds
of thousands of people who had no religion what-
ever. Were they to be eared for as they were ? Were
they to be locks' and instructed as they were? Could the
Church of England hope that she would bring the whole
body of dissenters and catholino into her communion ? No,
and he would tell them why. lie did not believe that there
was in the Church of England the constieusiiess, the assu-
rance, that what they were doing, what they were teaching,
was the work of God. That assurance is an heirloom of

SURREY ADJOURNED SESSIONS.

the one only catholic church of God, and was incommuni-
cable to any other body. The total want of power in the
established church was, then, one source of gain to
the catholic church. There wan a small phalanx of
learned men who had left the Church of England after
mature deliberation, though such was nut the case, per-
haps,
of the great bulk of the converts. What was it that
brought these men to the catholic church ? Why almost
invariably the feeling that there was no common p • .'ple
among their teachers to guide them under every variety of
circumstances. They found, too, that there was no food for
their souls, that there was none of that ardent spirit of
piety circulated or practised which their souls longed fur; and
they at length found that there was no resource fur them
but to come to the catholic church and there seek fur all they
had before sought in vain. The church of England lost, there
fore, not merely fur want of fervour iu itself, but by
the actual defectiou of its must valuable supports,
and there must be on inherent and radical defect
in a system which threw off from itself whatever was most
sound, vigorous, and healthful. But he should be doing an
injustice to the catholic cause if he represented it an gaining
merely by the imperfections of other systems. That such
was not the ease would be evident on considering what
were the instruments made use of in the work of conver-
sion. It had often been said that a great many persons
embraced the catholic religion from a love of its ritual, its
solemn functions, its imposing ceremonial, what was termed
theatrical display by persons who understood not what they
saw in a catholic church. it was, perhaps, a singular cir-
cumstance, that of those who were converted, by far the
greater part, as far as his experience went, hail never pre-
viously been in the least degree familsr, or even ac-
quainted, with catholic rites and ceremonies. Many
had not a single catholic acquaintance, and had
never spoken to a cathulic priest in their lives,
until they came to ask to be received into communion with
that church. A great number of persons who were con-
verted lived at a distance from any catholic place of wor-
ship; and constantly were they receiving letters from per-
sons in the country, who were living in their families, and
bad never spoken to a catholic, but who yet felt an earnest
desire to become acquainted with catholic doctrines, or'
even at once to embrace the faith. Ile did not believe
there had yet been one single convert brought to the catho-
lic religion merely by what was called the imposing elli.rt
of the catholic ceremonial. Again, it was supposed that
there was some strange art, some fascination, by which
catholic., and the catholic clergy in particular, coiled
themselves round the mind of au indiv ideal, and dragged him
into the church without hie haring the power of resistance.
On this subject a few simple facts would be better than
any vague statements of opinion. Ile believed it to be a
of the present times that conversion was no
11Z:han
er,ty
it frequently used to be, eeternal, but had its
growth almost entirely within the mind of its subject. In
former times it was the reading of a controversial work,
ur the hearing of a sermon, that induced persons to think
about the Homan catholic religion; there was disputation
and controversy ; now, the external work was Little more
than the individual's making a profession of faith, and
passing through the necessary steps. This, surely, did nut
result from any art of theirs; It must, humanly speaking,
be the result of the working of the mind itself, of thought,
reflection, inward conviction, and a careful examination of
what was passing around. Humanly speaking, he repeated,
fur it was the grace of God, and that alone, which made
converts to the catholic religion. They were astonished at
the strange visitations, the irresistible calls, which impelled
men to come to the church to seek, not for ease, not for
happiness, but for salvation. But it would be said " Yours
is such an easy religion; it holds out so many temptations."
It would be difficult to convince men out of the church,
how false that view was. If a catholic changed his religion
to day, be had only to take his seat in the parish church,
and curiosity to know who the new comer was, was the
only trial to which he would be subjected there. There
was nothing compulsory on one who became a protestant.
On the other hand, what was the trial of the minister,
who, after having been loved by his flock, and
looked up to as its father, became a humble catholic,
submitted to confession, received absolution, and perhaps
became dependent on the bounty of others ? Was all this
cosy ? Were there no sacrifices here ? It was heart-rend-
ing at times to see the struggles through which the convert
had to pass. Catholics well knew that they trusted far
more for the conversion of any one, or for the conversion of
a multitude, to the power of prayer than to any amount of
controversy, of lecturing, preaching, writing or persuasion.
If catholies were asked to what they attributed the conver-
sion* which had taken plans as frequently of late years in

THIS DAY.

The Fehenary souiotut, for the county of Surrey, com-
menced this tuorninit ta the Court-house Newmgton-
cauwway, before Thomas Fuel;le, Esq. (chriirman), and a
full bench of magbtrates. The calendar contained tho
names of fifty-two priwmcnt for trial,—filly for felony and
two for raj...demeanour. The chairman hating adtlrcued tho
grand jury a, to the nature of their duties and dinni.sed
them, proceeded to dispose of some unimportant eases ot
robbery.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT,

THIS DAL

The February session of the Central Criminal Count eons-
meneed this morning. before the Right Hun. the Lord
Manor, the Recorder, the Common Serreaut, Alderman Sir
J. nuke, the sheriff., under-sheriffs, &e.
The calendar at present contains the names of 192 pri-
soners._

The Recorder, in his charge to the grand jury, expressed
his regret at not being able to congratulate them upon
the comparative lightness of the calendar, as had 11:111 tho
ease at several of the previous it,`Sitions for he teat sorry t 3
observe that there was not only the usual number of pri-
soner', lint that the Offences charged against them were of
a very serious character, and that there were a number of
charges involving the destruction of human life. Thu
grand jury, however. were aware that the duly which
they were arsenibled to perform was not to try the
eases that were brought before them, but merely
to ascertain whether there were sufficient grounds
to justify them in putting the accused prisoners upon tht:r
trial, and he should only feel it to be his duty to make a
few observations with regard to two or three other eaves.
The learned Recorder then alluded to the case of Bill, the
keeper in a lunatic asylum, who was charged with the man-
, slaughter of one of the patients, and he obaerved th them
was this difficulty in the ease, that no one was pat
rtsent
when the violence which was alleged to have horn
the cause of death was committed but the person tic-
cased and sonic of the patients; and it synclind
that the magistrate at the police-court had re-
ceived the evidence of one of those persons. As a
general rule of law the ti,tirnony of persons who wire born
idiots or lunatics was not admissible, but in the present
instance it appeartsl that the person who had been received
as a witness was only labouring tinder a particular delusion,
and was perfectly sane upon other subjects ; and, if the
grand jury should be of opinion that he was a com-
petent witness, and that he gave a rational account
of the transaction, upon which they might rely,
they would be justified in finding a true bill. His
lordship next directed their attention to the case of tho
lad East, elm was charged with having shot a lataiiircr on
board a vessel in the docks, while he was amusing himself
with shooting at a mark; and he told them that although
there did not appear to he any ground for nupposiag that
the prisoner was at nil aware of the probability that suah a
lamentable occurrence should have taken place, atilt, if the
grand jury should be of opinion that the death was the re-
suit of negligence on the part of the prisoner in discharg-
ing a dangerous weapon civic to a public high-
way, he would still to amenable to the ehargc
of manidaughter. The learmsl recorder next referred
to the case of Baxter, the engine-driser on the Eastern
Counties railway, who was charged with the man-
laughter of one of the officers employed upon the line, and
lie observed that the question fur them to consuls riu this
case was whether the accident which caused the
death was the result of any general mismanagement
of the railway in question, or whether it seas from
criminal negligence of the person accused,
in the latter case only would it he their duty to flail a hill
agaimt him. The lust ease referred to by the learned judge
was the charge against a person named Brown of having
cheated at cards at the Licensed Victuallers' hall, at tho

London Tavern, and he stated that, until th:passing
of a recent statute, he should have had some difficulty
in directing them that the uet imputed to the defendant
amount, d to an offence ; hut, by act of parliament of
Bth & 9th Vie., the net of whaling money by cheating ut
cards was made n misdemeanour ; and if that act tte:e (-sta.

tho party might tont iettil of the °franc
of obtaining money. by Lbw pretences.

tiegnu:a jury then retied.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

THIS DAY.

BOW-STREET.
" A, Tern lIIIET-TANNUS."—J. DotOney, aged 14, and
J. Butler, aged 16, were eharwed with robbery,
•. . .

, ,
A constable said, on Saturday night he saw the prisoners
among a crowd of persons in IloMont. Downey touched a
gentleman's pocket, and the other prisoner corer:d his
actions. The gentleman left the crowd, and Downey took
the Im:l,lkt:rein:l' produced out of the gentleman's pocket,
and gave it to Butler, who placed it inside Ids waistcoat.
The gentleman went away ill an omnibus, and witness ob-
tained the assistance of a young man, who also witueyel
the occurrence, and they took the prisoners into custody.
Witness found the handkerchief in the possession of Butler.
. . .

Butler denied the charge, and raid he' was walking along
Holborn with Downey, when the constable and a young
man who was in court said they had a job for them. They
were taken down a dark court, and searched. The constable
said, " HAW, you got the handkerchief ?" and the man bald,
" Not yet." The man imutediutely slipped the silk hand-
kerchief in his breast, where it was found by the constable.
Downey corroborated his companion's statement, and said
he saw the man slip" the hanker chief in Butler': breast.
Mr. Hall said this was a very serious charge, and must le
inquired into.
The young man was called, but not sworn. He said he
was some yard. from the prisoner Butler when the hand-
kerchief was found.

The prisoners still persi,ted in their statements.
Mr. Hall asked how the younit man alluded to obtained
his living? The instiector said he was a carver and guilder
by trade, but occasionally oasisted the police in apprehend-
mg _thieves.
Mr. Hall said the evidence of amateur thief-takers ought
to be received with great caution. Any person Of expe-
rience must know that those persons will verrafttivstreleh
a point to obtain a day's pay. He should disppnwrwitlir his
testimony in this vac, and heillSb refined to Intyl lira over
to prosecute. The prisoners were committed- fetr trial on
the evidence of the constable only.