The Express.
London, England, 1848-03-08 00:00:00

tit OTT

USS

76.] LONDON,WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 1848. [THREEPENCE.

remarked is the desire manifested for the government to put
down the excitement of some and the alarms of others—in
fact, to restore confidence. Unless that be ri stored, no ame-
lioration is possible. Workmen, heads of fernlike, every
class of persons will suffer, if tranquility and confidence do
not again resume their place amongst us. Every one must
contribute his quota, in exertion and wealth, and we are
convinced that no one will refuse to do it. The decree of the
provisional go reran. env, which authorises the Minister of
Finance to effect on the 6th at Paris, and on the 15th in the
departments, the payment of the half-year's dividend on the
5, 44, and 4 per Cents., will also be generally approved of.
This measure will calm the apprehensions which might have
risen in some minds, as to the fidelity of the state to fulfil
its engagements, and will have the advantage of throwing
into circulation nearly fifty millions of specie, which would
not otherwise be so disposable before another fortnight.
Out of the eighty millions which constitute the haP.-year's
dividend, nearly thirty millions belong to public establish-
ments, which receive bons du tresor in payment. Such an
advance will be a great assistance to commerce. This debt
once paid, the state will still possess sufficient resources for
the wants of the service. It has still in the bank abeut
a hundred sal twenty millions ; so that, it fifty are taken
away, seventy will still remain. It is true that. on the Ist of
tween the traders and the bank, levying, it is true, a pre-
mium ; but, for the moment, it is not that charge which is
of any importance. Great or small, men in business will not
at present look narrowly at an increase of 1 per cent. or 14
per cent. interest per annum, which only gives a mere frac-
tion for paper of 40 or 50 days. The efficacy of the present
measure may be judged of by the fact that the bank dis-
counts annuallythe almost incredible number of from 120,000
to 200.000 bills lees than 2001 r. The new establish-
spent will not certainly be of the came utility as it could
have been 18 years ago, still its effect must be advantageous.
In all these seta of the what is chiefly to be
April the bone die tresor 'n to tall due. hut at that date
the cams to be paid are not considerable, and on the other
the receipts arising from the taxes are equal if they do not
go beyond the daily expenses. It results from all this that
the position of the country is not by any means as dis-
quieting as certain person.. may suppose. Also, the Minister
of Finance has been contented to fix, from this day, the
interest on the bons du trisor at 4i to 5 per cent, according
as the term does not exceed five months, or reaches the
whole year. The Bank does not forget in these difficult
circumstances ;its great and patriotic mission; it gives an
example of confidence, and discounts largely all the paper
which is presented. Let us be calm—let us beware of
panic—it is the only memo of getting through the p.esent
crisis without too much peril.
'l'he Nuti,mut says :
One of the praoeeupations of the moment is the ittces-
sity of sitting ...rue tarter an our finances, and to res'. ure to
the budget an equilibrium long since di strayed. We du not
pretend to indicate here the ensemble of the measures proper
to bring about that result. It is the task of the national as.
sembly to do so. But it appears to us useful to give the chief
points of a curious document distributed to the chambers on
the eve of their dissolution. In virtue of an article inserted
in the budget of 1848, the late government bad got drawn up
a cemparcive table of the salaries of functionaries of all
kinds in the civil and military services. The periods com-
pared are the first and last years of the reign of Lluis
l'hilippe. It must borne in mind that the elema
this cut:Lipari:lbn are not precisely the same. Thus, in
Pi t
public worship formed part of the attributions of the de-
partment of public instruction, whereas, in 1848, they com-
pose two distinct services. In 1831, also, the University had
• budget apart, whereto, in 1848, that budget is comprised in
that of the ministerial department to which it belongs. The
following are the two tables
SALMI'S DI 1551.
Julies 15,553,7601r.
Yoreip Affairs 4.0171,200
Public lostruatian sad Wool* 3,111,665
Interior
Commerce and Publie Works .
War 44,1089,761
Itatine and Colonies
..... ,
Yiaace
113,963,072

1191,421,209 fr.

MLLE ut 1.4 a.

12,918,770 fr.
11,739,c10
11,0300000 41,3.90
6,
6,911,191
5,174,975
6027,930
0,904,057
17.391,699
96,720.881
---
261,907,966 fr.
What first strikes in these two pictures in, that from 1831 to
1848, the amount of salaries has increased upwards of
sixty-three millions, so that it would suffice to take at
present the budget of 1831 as our starting-point, in
order to realise on the moment, without any shock, an
annual saving equal to the sixth part of the interest of
ear feuded ebbe. It may be thew us some instassess this
augmentation iz the salaries may correopend to an in-
crease in the number of persons employed, but these
can be only exceptions without importance. The visible,
patent, incontestable result, is a well-imagined system
of exhausting the treasury to the profit of functionaries,
and at the same time of keeping up in the country that
wild taste for public functions which conducts individuals to
depravation, and states to destruction. If there be soy re-
form urgent for the republic, it is this one. In preseace of
the disordered appetites which have been produced, of that
thirst for places which would destroy the purest regime, it is
important to fix at once a limit beture which this passion
must stop short. If, from 1841 to 1848, the salary of func-
tionaries resembled a rising tide, it is full time to declare
that henceforward the opposite movement will prevail.
The complications trwn which the foreign relations
of France, especially those by which she was embroiled
with England, will be released by the result of the
revolution, are indicated by the National this morning :
If the creation of a republic have brought uncertainty to
some of our relations with other governments, there are
some which will be simplified in a most happy manner. This
the case with Spain. The Spanish marriages, founded on the
calculations of a merely personal ambition, have contributed to
our revolution ; they embroiled the dynasty of Orleans with
England ; they threw it into the arms of Austria ; they ren-
dered it the enemy of Switzerland, have made it the adver-
sary of Switzerland, have made it the adversary of Italy ; in
a word, they have created all that retrograde policy so mad
we cannot explain it, and so odious that it excited universal
indignatiou ; they were the cause of the maintenance of the
Guizot ministry and the fall of the monarchy, fur Austria
declared, than on the least modification of it by introducing
any member of the opposition, she could no longer support
the Fren :11 cabinet, end would invade Italy.
If the revolution had not taken place the most serious con-
sequences would have followed the Spanish marriages. Ar-
rangements were made at the Tuileries, on the death or
disappearance of the Queen of Spain, immediately to send
the Due de Montpensier to Madrid. England was resolved
to oppose all arrangements which should place the govern-
ment of Spain in the hands of the head of the Orleans dy-
nasty,
and Spain was far from being satisfied with thus
dealing with her destinies. So that it was probable in the
nineteenth century we should again have had a new war of
succession.
liappuy such difficulties are nipped w their bud by the
proclamation of the French republic. This little knot of
princes about the chief of the dynasty was a perpetu d source
of trouble. They must all be provided for; one in the army ;
another the artillery; • third, Algiers; and at last, for •
fourth, the crown of Spain in perspective.
Thanks to the expulsion of the Mouse of Orleans, all these
difficulties will vanish. "The Pyrenees exist no longer,"
which has been so long true, is only false when some royal
dyuasty, • Nopolean or an Orleans, would grasp Spain.
The ties which bind the west of Europe, are drawn closer
by the ditinitive possession which the French people have
taken of France.
A republic has no sons to place on neighbouring thrones ;
it has no prince to advance, no dynasty to found. fly her
mere existence she simplifies many difficulties.
To suppress a civil list is • slight benefit; it suppresses at
the same time those family ambitions which so much eon-
'tributed rui Napoleon , and which wod have ruined
Louis Philippeto nif he had not takea a shorulter road to his

Justice
Foreigu Wake
Public Legnicalain—
Interior
Agriculture and amens
Public Works
War

Marine ant
Einance

ruin.
Let us now employ ourselves about our elections and our
finances. These are the most pressing questions, and a hit-
ever may be said, our external relations have nothing to alarm
us. Sp-in, France, Italy, and Switzerland, form a compact
mass of people already fraternized, and the absolutism of the
North will hesitate a lung time before it iuterferes with us.
The soil is ruined elsewhere than in France, and woo is the
stateman that can foretel the consequences in Germany and
Poland, should a cannon be heard on the banks of the
Rhine.
Pans, Kilos 7. New Lean, ; Three per Ceuta, 581
Fires, 07; Fourdind-lialf, 85; Fours, 80. Belem Fives, lel%
; do. 1842, —— ; Do. Threes, —; Foir.anttesaalfs
Naples Reales, —. Roman Lean, 83. Trum477 Boada.
Bank Shares, 2400. Exchange on Tondos, sight, 25 H.
RAILWAIL—PItriS and Orlesns, 930 ; Pain and Bonen, 325;
Rouen and three, 250 ,• Avignon and Marseilles, ; Strasbourg
and Bile, Ini ; Centre Berzon, 375 ; Amiens and Boulogne,
Bordeaux, 405 ; North, 375.

The Madrid mails of the 29th have arrived. The
details of the act for suspending the constitu-
tion and creating a virtual dictatorship, pro-
by Narvaez, will be confirmed in the
Fe°tBteerc! of our correspondent. The debate on this ques-
tion had not taken place, but was expected to be
stormy. No further intelligence had arrived from
France.
The Threes were done at 26; for .50 days.
Kunio, Flu. 40.—Throe per Cents, =W at 50 days, 211 sub,
far March 15 ; Fire per Ceata., man for March 10; Padres, 5t4
Dank of St., Ferdinand, 121.—Fschangc on London: 47 711.107 55
days

Gatros, Mutat 1. —The populace have entered
tb e house of the Jesuits, which they sacked. Every-
thing was broken and thrown out of windows, with
the exception of the things connected with the ettePel,
w hich were respected. It was said that the Jesuits,
not being able to find any place of safety on shore,
It ad gone aboard a vessel in the reads.

Letters and journals from Northern Italy continue
to report the most deplorable state of affairs in the
Austrian States. Two Austrian regiments of light
cavalry having arrived at Treviso, the officers of these
regiments had a meeting with the Italian officers
commanding the troops stationed in this town, and
mutually swore not to fight again in favour of oppres-
sion. After this paternal scene they paraded together
the streets, crying " Italian liberty for ever."
The same spirit (says one of the journals) animates
the Venetian and Dalmatian sailors, and amongst the
Hungarian regiments are many officers and soldiers
holding the same sentiments.
Martial law has been proclaimed in the Duchy of
Modena ; it is similar to that whickhas been pro-
claimed in Lombardy by the Austrian government.

Letters from Civitie Vecchia, of the t'fith ult., have
brought further intelligence from Sicily. The report
which had been circulated that Ruggeri) Settimo, the
president of the provisional government, had been
killed, is contradicted. Perfect order prevailed in
Sicily. The Messineee had attacked, and in two hours
destroyed, the fortress of Realbasso, and rendered
themselves masters of the arsenal and a great part of
the citadel.
The military governor demanded reinforcements
from Naples, in consequence of which four eleven gun
frigates were sent laden with troops. After having
vainly protested against this measure, MM. Scopes:el
'and Bonani retired from the ministry.
When it was known in Naples that these troops
had been sent to Sicily, menacing popular demon-
strations took place, and cries of " Down with the
ministry," and "Peace for Sicily," were heard.
Every one is convinced that, if the Sicilians bad
been weak enough to trust to the promises of Ferdi-
nand, the constitution he would have given them
would soon have been a dead letter, as that of 1820.
Hitherto reliance had been placed on the wisdom, if
not the liberal principles of M. Serracapriola ; he has,
however, thrown aside the ruas,i, and now eractisce
the doctrines of Prince Metternich. Every day he is
mom unpopular. The uth. r ministers, Lontice and
Torella, abjure the liberal cause, without having the
skill to cover their wretched intrigues.
Bozelli wants capacity and resolution.
In short, the treachery of Ferdinand is rendered
manifest every hour; but Sicily has not yet abdicated
her power, and her victorious arms will soon overcome
the last obstacles thrown in her way by the wretched
counsellors of a king to whose treasons and perjuries
they do not hesitate to accede. An Austrian frigate
touched at Palermo, but on a notification by the go-
vernment that they world not answer for the safety
of the crew if they came on shore, the frigate set

We have letters from Naples to the 28th ; " The
ceremony of swearing to maintain the constitution
bad been performed by the King with great solemnity,
and amidst great rejoicing. The Neapolitan troops
took the oath of allegiance, but it was refused by the
Sicilian officers and soldiers; among the number,
General Stotilla, and Marshal Staiti. It is under-
stood, they had been warned that the property of any
Sicilian who took the oath would be confiscated.
News had arrived from Messina to the effect, that the
26th has been fixed upon for attacking the citadels.