The Express.
London, England, 1862-02-04 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, EBB. 4.

IT is easy to imagine that the Austrian
Archduke MAXIMILIAN felt more alarmed than
flattered by the offer which the French EXTZROIL
has so handsomely made him of the Kingdom of
Mexico. The Austrian Empire, before it was cur-
tailed by the campaign and treaty of 1859, was cal-
culated to contain some 260,000 square English
miles. Mexico contains some 1,200,000. In
order to enjoy such a New Year's Gift, Mexico has
to be conquered, to be taught, and to be peopled.
And the Archduke NIAXIMILIAN apparently is
without the means of attempting, much less ac-
nmplishing, any one of these exploits. He is a
perfect stranger to Mexico, its habits, its require-
ment", its language. He has no money, would
bring with him no army, and could induce no
population to follow him. Moreover, he would,
in accepting the offer, leave behind him his country
and his dynasty, in the most serious crisis of
their history, demanding all the intelligence and
courage of the Sovereign House. So manifest
and forcible are these considerations, that in
glancing at them we almost Wee sight of the
scheme of a Mexican Monarchy which should not
be in disaccordance with the clause of the Treaty
forbidding English, French, and Spanish Govern.
ments to put forward any Prince of their own as
candidate for the Transatlantic Empire.
Whatever may be the true end or motive of
such a scheme, the absurdity of which is sufficiently
evident, a comiderable portion of the correspon-
dence from Mexico, proceeding, no doubt, from
outline/ merchants, tends to suggest and approve
of interference. The writers are naturally dis-
gusted wit► native tyranny and tepamty► sad they
look to the role of a (enigmr se the iamignration
of a golden age. According to all precedents,
they would died themselves mistakes. The foreign
Prince whom advent they invoke would be
obliged to rule by the aid of the factions that exist
in the country. The church, which is still powerful,
andthe army, reerpnised and united, must be the
support at the new monarch. And what would
this be but the old system reinforced, which has
brought the Mexicans down to that degree of
poverty, ignomme, and anarchy that renders them
scarcely worthy the name of a people
Then the new and foreign ruler is, with the title
of Kin& to have European support, that is, the
counteesnee of France and Spain, which are fore-
most sad sesions in the business. But the repro-
semi:dim al Oise Powers have already lent their
influence to a esetain party and a certain policy.
The Church his bees their mainstay, and Mi-
a.tswe their client. Would a foreign Prince under
their inflames act differently from the beaten
partisan of the Church
What Mexico chiefly wants is not a Prince to
rule over it, but a population to be ruled over—
a hardy, laborious, agricultural population, which,
secure in its rights over the soil, would defend it
and their homesteads. The race which can fur-
nish this to Mexico will infallibly be master of the
land. Is there any chance or possibility of Spain,
or France, or Austria furnishing to Mexico such a
population ? The late census shows the numbers
of the agricultural clam in France in marked dimi-
nution. Spain has not filled up the gaps left
by centuries of priestly despotic rule, followed
by civil war. Austrian peasants and Austrian
capitalists have quite sufficient to do at home.
Mexico, therefore, has small chance of being
replenished by that life-blood of population which
can alone render it prosperous and self-subsistent.
Spain has not been to Mexico what England has
been to the United States—a mother, even after
the political weaning of the child. The stream of
population has never ceased to flow front England
to America. Spain had none to offer, nor
would Mexico have received it, were it forth-
coming.
This want of replenishment from
the maternal source, joined to the deci-
mating regimen of priests and soldiers,
monopolizing the one the land, the other the public
revenues of the country, and leaving no resource
save ignorance, mendicancy, or robbery to those
below them, have made Mexico dwindle to little
more than a million of whites, with three or four
millions of mixed and worthless races.
Fortunately for its prospects, Mexico is a high
table land, unfit for slaves or slave products. A
free and agricultural class alone can people such a
country as soon as the obstacles to its establish-
ment are removed. The obstacles are the clergy
and the military chiefs, in whom all the traditions,
the tyranny, and monopoly of Old Spain are
perpetuated, and under whom no industry or
labour is permitted in the country save the digging
of its mines and the cleansing of its ores.
Entbusiaatic admirers of the Anglo-Saxon race
wish to see it people the globe. Cosmopolitan
sympathies prefer diversity of races ; regret that
the French have not founded a great colony
worthy of their European empire ; would gladly
me Spain redeem its political blunders on either
side of the Atlantic--and yet despair of seeing
Mexico revived by either Spain or Prance. South
America is still open to the efforts of Spain to
renew colonization and resume a legitimate in-
fluence distinct from old pretensions of we-
reigoty. But Mexico lies too near a powohi,
race not likely to tolerate, and certain in Ohs
end to overcome, any rivalry, especially pro-
ceeding from European governments. Were
Spain, or even France and Spain united, to
engage in a territorial contest with the Anglo-
:taxon States of North America for dominion in
America, we have no doubt as to which in the
end would come off victor. And we cannot but
think that the people who are developing their