The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-07 00:00:00

THE E-21PRESS, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 7, 1846.

PENNY CLOTHING.—Yesterday morning the Lord
Mayor and sheriffs attended divine service at the Church of
St. Michael, Queenhithe, when the Rev. J. Lupton, the
pached a sermon on bshalf of the Queenhithe
Peony Clothing Society, the object of which is to induce
poor persons by bonuses on the amount saved to accumulate
small sums of money for the purchase of blankets and warm
clothing during the winter season. The society allows a
bonus of one shilling and threepence to every threepenny
ticket, and will on Thursday next give 2.51. in premiums on
the saviugs for the past year. At the conclusion of the ser-
moo a collection was made, to which the Lord Mayor and
sheriffs liberally contributed.
CONDITION OF THE POOR IN SIARTLEBONE.—On
Saturday, at the meeting of the Nlarylebone vestry, Mr.
Ridgway called attention to the dreadfully distressed condi-
tion of the poor throughout the extensive parish of Maryle-
bone. Mr. Gomm, secretary to the Marylebone Association
for Distributing Coals and Potatoes to the Poor, begged to
avian the vestry that at the present moment the distress of
the poor in that great parish was almost without a parallel.
There could be no doubt, as the inclement season advanced,
the want of assietance on the part of the poor would advance
Ilse lie regretted to say that at the present moment the
society had not only no funds, but they were COI. in debt.
The potato disease would this year ace greatly to their diff
the
i-
culties. Indeed so high was the price of potatoes, that
committee were about to consider whether it would not be
advigiblc to distribute bread to the poor during the present
welter rather than potatoes. The greatest support and
energy in behalf of the poor would therLfore be required.—
After some further observations several influential members
of the vestry expressed their determination to give the
society their earnest support.
OPErAYIYE BAKERS' SOCIETY.—On Saturday even-
ing a meeting of the members of the above society was held
st the King and Queen Tavern, Paddington-green.
He said
The
duir having been taken by Wm. Maelaren, Esq.
it was needless for him to expatiate on what they were called
together 6r that evening • the cause was sufficiently oppres-
sive, and he believed the effects were felt by them more than
any words could express. The movement for shortening the
hours of labour was suggested by a similar one having been
erten:ll.y carried out in Scotland. Formerly, bakers
held some of the highest honours the state could
afford. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by an act of
parliament then passed, bakers were not allowed to work
before five o'clock in the morning, during summer, nor
beyond seven in the evening ; and out of that period three
hours were allowed for refreshments. He (the chairman)
wished to know, since this protection to labour had been
done away with, how it was that they had suffered them-
selves to be so Encroached upon as to be compelled to work
for upwards of twenty . hours a day ?—The meeting having
been addressed by various other gentlemen, the following
resolution was proposed and unanimously adopted :
wor" That
this meeting considers the present system of night- k, and
the unlimited hours of labour, to be destructive of the moral
and religious feelings, and the mental development of the
men who are employed in the business, and ruinous to many
of the masters, who are thus placed in an unequal state of
Competition." Other resolutions were also passed, expressive
o!the objects of the meeting, and a committee having been
appointed, the meeting dissolved.
IMPROVEMENTS AT TILE POST-OFFICE.—In the
tonne of a few days considerable alterations will take place
at the office in St:Martins-le-Grand, which will tend ma-
tenally to facilitate the daily duty. Measures are taken to
despatch the whole of the letters and newspapers posted over-
Sight, and before the first delivery in the morning. It is
said that an extra number of sub-sorters will he appinted in
the dusriet office so soon as the arrangements rmd
with reference to the new rooms about to be thrown into
that department. Additional men are to be placed at each
end of the tunnels, to receive the letters to and from the
rural and district offices. Perhaps it may not be generally
known that the correspondence is, and has been for several
yeah, conveyed by machinery underneath the floor of the
rand hall. Boxes are placed upon carriages upon a tram-
way. Notice of their being ready to start is given by a bell,
the officer at the other end answering through a mouth-pipe
communicating with the machine-roem at the other
, side of the office. A large fly-wheel, which works
with an endless chain, is then turned, and the boxes of
I letters and newspapers drawn over. It is said that
very tali), in the ensuing year, deliverie . of letter-. will take
place every hour, and that there will be additional sorting
;
offices arranged upon the " central" principle in several parts
the metropolis. As soon as the fittings in the new
•
Money Order Office, in Aldersgate-street, are completed, the
e; !bole of the business of this important banking branch of the
ecet-otfice will be transferred thither. Some idea may be
• gleaned of the amount of duty performed in this depart-
'. meet, and of the great increase since the reduction of the
• commission on money orders in November, 1840, from the
fact that the number issued and paid at the London office in
id the
is 17 quarter ending April sth, 1839, wise 9,423—amount,
1:410.1. 14s. ; for the quarter ending April 5,1846, the num-
391,918—amount paid, 681,2981. 13s. 3d.
ois•
TiH„,o,ll' AND COLD.—We come to the conclusion that the
m
mat was light-headed on two topics ; and its recovery is
Off -1. •,r congratulation. On the subject of famine it shook
dits delusions with a suddenness as alarming as its out-
ems but on the hlontpensier marriage it has moved with
greater
• , •deliberation. Two months ago, the Times was red
sot. Its Madrid
ho correspondent sent over the most alarming
meatiens • Me. 11 Bulwer was vehemently protest-
-I*. Palmerston as passionately writing; couriers
• s " "joie ; and the Times beat its heavy drum, and called
in Great Britain to leap into a tremendous rage, and be
tr 'Pared to give France a flogging. The people of Great
retain kept
olae the in, very cool ; Louis Philippe rsevered, and
gtfouth4e,t•.ae,ps.angot her destined husband. The operation
e root, that takes the reason prisoner" having
go. otn itself, the Times discovers that, somehow or
air e* the people of this country have undergone a change,

-----
lIIfirT,IY *a great as that which had pawed over the " gond I chill surgeon, who could And
:emit rom exposure tothenwo weather. symptomsH ebeo7rondedredwl'hater
. I:Afford," and rendered hint insensible to the warlike) would
tst,e,...ns of the harper. The lesson has not been lost on the ware stimulants after which she revived coutti lertilOy,
s enes. On Wednesday week (from minute observation we e eve the residence' of her friends. She died about half-dt
have come to the conclusion that the foreign pulley man of fire o'clock on Thursday afternoon. From the past-martens
the Times always comes out strong on a Wednesday) denie.
that Lord Palmerston was the author of any of its artielts; 1 thleftraveistusttils°lo'i ittheaphead, dwthhiecreh,had b
and declared its adhesion to those principles of peaceful had occasioned death. Verdict tojcteelteffnwaittrptt:eArereoollPfeneiee°t:
policy which it has advocated during several successive —By Mr. Payne, at the Workhouse Sect. G— '
adminietrations. On the Wednesday succeeding, that is, wark, on the body of Thomas Bryan 'aged 4lergteirl4kTawlettl-
last Wednesday, it came out with an Able article on the labourer. Deceased, about seven 'o'clock On WiecdneYsdrays
Itlontpensier marriage, and very distinctly proved that the eveniug last, was found standing against a door in Sloane's-
ink which has been spent on it (the greater portion of the ink fields, 13ermoudsey, by Policeman Eutwell, M 160 who
haying been spent by itself) has been all thrown away.— thought from his manner he VMS drunk. The cot:gable
Manchester Examiner. requested him to move on ; but making an incoherent reply,
TuE DEPUTY CORONER AND THE MARYLEBONE he was taken to the station-house and locked up on a charge'
V estey.—Sir,—Your journcl of to-day (Saturday) contains of drunkenness, it being omitted in his case, as was usually
a report of proceedings at a meeting of the board of directors done when persons were brought in insensible, to call in a
surgeon,eyniptom
and guardians of the poor uf St. 811.1relebonet held on Friday, surgeon. On the following morning he was too ill to be
Isseoifn g
apoplexy,sen t f for, ,
end
waswu frzumnod, tedo be
.on
a labouring
stretcher undert
o
Dec. 4, which concluded • dienotcon on the death of Louisa taken before a magistrate, and Mr. Harding, the divisional
Mordaunt thus:
Mr. Mallalieu elated that Mr. Kttchener, the foreman of the Jury
at the inquest, had told him that the key, generally. considered that the workhouse, where he died at one o'clock on Friday
there was more blama attached to the family of the Mordatuita morning. Mr. Evans, the surgeon at the workhouse, de-
than to the parochial officers, and that he (the foreman) was much scribed it as being very difficult to tell the difference botween
opposed to the censure conveyed by the verdict, but that he had a drunkennees and apoplexy, except by the breath, the odour
of which, in doubtiul cases, ought to be particularly attended
newt unruly jury to contend with.—The chalruian (sir James name_
ton) observed that he thought the foreman ought to have expressed
these eentiments to the coroner.—Mr. Potter said be thought thc term to. No doubt when do:eased was first spoken to by the
" unruly" could not properly be applied to the jury; on the contrwy, policeman, congestion of the brain had commenced, and if
they were too subservient in Pubmtting to be made the tools of the then seen by a medical man be might have sure iyed. The
deputy coroner. Mr. Mills dictated the verdict in the case of Lin.'
eCvnoedrrocadnivcetor,u.hr,otpe. d that iu future the police would use every
i md
death
na
tahtefrobemt between
peeo
pni
ed.ruy
.n, k_enn epssEsitin
idx
tit'Ti nit eso
Ns ..
Morlauut, as he had since, in the case of Joseph Woodward, at St.
Pancras. Moreover, he (Mr. Mills) had not the decency to cover hisNaturald i ser
verdict, by permitting the jury to write it, but had supplied it in his
own handwriting. (Cries of ••• Shame.") —By Mr. W. l'ayne, at St. George's Workhouse, South-
The justness and correctness of these statements may be esti- work, on the body of Edward Coleman, an infant, aged ten
weeks. The mother had for some time been living at a low
mated by comparing them with the following facts :—The
evidence at the Inquest in St. Marylebone being concluded, lodging-house in Kent-street, Borough, in the lowest depths
examination, that the deceased had died from a ant of nounsh-
I deslined to "sum up," because the testimony was too im- of poverty. It was the opinion of the parochial surgeon, on
pressive to need repetition, and too clear in its bearings to re-
quire comment. At once, therefore, I requested the jury to matt. The deceased was in a very emaciated state, which
consider their verdict, and iu another room, which they did, he attributed, in conjunction with the wain of }roper
" Natural death."
presently returning with their verdict and opinion, written
nourishment, to the taking of Godfrey's Cordial. Verdict,
and these, while the ink was still wet, the foreman read
aloud publicly, neither I nor any other person in court, ex-
cepting the jury, having until that moment any knowledge
of their decision. No remark whatever
he from tho fore-
man, implying his dissent ; on the contrary, he informed me
that, in delivering the verdict and opinion, they were una-
nimous.—ln the case of Joseph Woodward, I pursued ex-
actly the same course respecting the evidence, and for the
same reason, but, as the tavern itcontaied no second room
for the jury I requested strangers to etire, immediately
leaving the room myself, simply telling the jury, on
their expressing their intention of passing an opinion
on the whole facts disclosed, that the latter
must be kept distinct from the verdict. In a
quarter of an hour the jury, by a message sent
tnrough the constable, asked me t, return. On re-entertng
the room, I inquired whether the,y had agreed on the
unani-
r ver-
dict ; the foreman replied, "Vs e have." "Is it
mous i" "It is; we find that the child died from natural
causes." The necessary time being occupied in putting the
verdict into legal phraticology (the invariable duty of the
coroner at an inquest), one of the jurymert stated the opinion
which they desired to add, whereupou, from the dictation of
the same gentleman. and at the express request of ,
and in their presence, the jury standing close around me at
the moment, I took dewn in writing, from his lips, seriatim,
the declarations which constituted that opinion. These were
then read to them, sentence by sentence, exactly ns they
stand in your report, and they severally answered that the
statement fsithfully aria di-tinctly em'oodied their opinion.
The court was then reopened and the documents were read
aloud in public, the jury publicly confirming them, several
reporters or the newspapers immediately surnanding th
the
table to copy. them. Of course I could not part with
signed inquisition, hut the written opinion was not officially
necessary to me. In fact, it was cut into halves, fur the con-
venience of the press, aed ultimately, before them all, I gave
the manuscript to one gentleman, simply to save him the
trouble of copying its contents for his report of the proceed-
ings.—GEOßOZ IRELAND MILLS.
CAUSE AND EFFECT.—The Chronic/0 asserts that
the poor woman, Louisa Mordauut, did not die of starvation:
"The immediate cause of death was spasms of the lower in-
testine, caused by excessive privation." No, not starvation ;
not, as you would say, downright starvation—hut merely of
excessive privation. 'Sot quite total, but only extreme want
of food. Not utter inanttion, but spaßnedic action arising
from exceeding emptinces. Exactly as when a man, shot
through the chest, does not immehately fall dead, but dies,
subsequently, of inflammation of the lungs • it is the &sense,
not the bullet, that killed him •; the morbid process that
caused his Meath, not the hand of the usassin.—Dottylas
Jerrold's IVeekly Newspaper.
MR. FRANK HAIDON, the eldest son of the Into
a
celebrated artist, has, we regret to say, been compelled to
resign the appointment in the Customs, conferred on him
by Sir Robert Peel, from continued ill The right
honourabre baronet has kindly interested himself to
he geld
t
Mr. Ilaydon restored to the clerkship he previou-ly
in the Record-office, the duties of which are better suited
to the condition of an invalid, though the emolument is
much small. r, and the chances of promotion much less.—
Britannia.
SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE Show,—The arrivals
on Saturday were very numerous, and amongst other con-
tributors whose stock came up by railway, were Earl Spencer,
the Dukes of Redford and Richmond, aed Sir Charles
Knightley. The advantages of this mode of conveyance arc
much felt and gratefully acknowledged, as the stock arrives
in much better condition, and by a for less tardy progress,
than when they were brought up by vans. Some of the
oxen already brought to the exhibition are of gigantic size,
and the pigs of extraordinary proportions and dimensi
Ills Royal Highness Prince Albert will be a competitor in
two classes, and his specimens of cattle and pigs will a
to-day, which is the last on which stock will be received.
The annual dinner of the club will take place on T hursday,
the chair to be taken by the Duke of Richmond, the presi-
dent, when the list of prizes will be officially announertced.;
, and the Royal visit of her Majesty and Prince Alb Is
anticipated to take place on Seturday, although no official
announcement has yet been received.
THE HON. ARTILLERY COMPANY.—At a meeting
of the members of this regiment, held on Thursday
night at the Armory House, a resolution was unani-
mously passed, that the Court of Assistants be requested
to form a library for the use of the members.
DEATH OF THE WIDOW OF THOMAS 1100 D
it is with deep regret we announce the decease of Mrs.
Jane Hood, the widow of Thomas Hood,
the poet and
humorist. The public are aware that Mr.
suffe ri Hoodng an 's life
was closed in the midst of much physical
much mental anxiety ; and there is little doubt that the un-
wearied exertions of Mrs. Hood, her unceasing attendance
on her husband's death-bed, and the grief and trial which
preceded and followed her bereavement, have been the im-
mediate cause of the decease which has thus prematurely
terminated her existence. She expired on the morning of
Friday, 4th December, 1846.
TILE GREAT STATUE.—Sir, —Wading. in a late
number of your comprehensive journal that it is intended to
transfer the newly-erected statue of the " iron Duke "to the
esplanade, or Place d'Armes, behind the Horse Guards (a
far more appropriate station, in my humble opinion, than
that origistally.intended for it), I write to suggest an I
appa
ro-
priate inscription fur the pedestal. For this purpose,
by-
ven-
ture to recommend the four elegant lines composed th
distinguished Latin scholar, the late Marquis Wellesley,
written in his 81st year, for the civic statue of the " Hero of
a hundred Fights: '
Conserrsita leis Asia atque Europa triumph*
Invictum hello Teeoluere ducem.
Nunc umbrata ge ivied tempora quercu,
Ut desit fame glorla nulls Lao.
The other side of the base might be occupied by amore pithy,
but not less applicable, motto from Horace :
Ilk rotor et as triplex
Circa peetus eat.
I am, sir, your constant reader, BRONZINO.—Tauser, Dec. 4
THE. MURDER AT DAGENHAM.—DESTITUTE STATE
OF THE POLICE CONSTABLES WHO GAYE EVIDENCE.—it
will be remembered that for a long period after the men
were suspended they were kept under surveillance, and re-
ceived their pay. The whole of the facts being laid before
the law officers of the Crown, some of the men were dis•
charged from the force, and two, Kitnpton and Serjt. Parsons,
were only suspended, the commissioners intending to
prosecute them for perjury. For a short time after
1 this decision was made known the two men received their
pay. Since then, however, another order has been re-
ceived from the commissioners, stopping the pay, and
quently leaving the men without any means of subsistence.
Kimpton, who has a wife and six children to support, has
been compelled tapely to the Board of Guardians of the
Romford Union for relief. Ferns, another of the constables,
with a family of five children, has been compelled to do the
same; and, altogether, the men and their families are de-
scribed as being in the most destitute state. One of the
men states that, but for this unfortunate occurrence, he
would have been entitled to a retiring pension of 281. per
annum for length of service. Both Parsons and Kimpton
are still considered in the " force."
FIRE.—On Saturday afternoon, between four and
Ave, a tire broke out upon the premises of Mr. B. Carr,
re
horse-hair manufacture No. 108, -Suntan-row, St.
the Luke's.d
The flames commenced in the drying-room, on ground
floor, whence they extended to the carding and curling-
rooms, and also to the workshops belonging to Mr. C.
Southall, p iper-stainer, on the first floor.
establish
parish
engines, with six belonging to the London ,
and the West of England one, were remarkably early in
arriving, and there being an abundant supply of water, vast
torrents were cast on the blazing property, which, notwith-
standing, continued to burn fearfully.
•By five o'clock the
back premises of Mr. Davies, cabinet-maker, No. 6,
Twister's-court, also became iggited. The firemen, after
considerable trouble, succeeded in getting the flames subr
.-
dued by seven o'clock, but not until that portion of M
Can's premises where the fire began was burned out, and
the two compartments, termed the carding and curling
rooms, together with their contents, were seriously burned.
The
The workshops of Mr. Southall were also gutted.
premises of ilir. Davies, in Twister's-alley, were also severely
damaged by lire. The cause of the outbreak could not be
ascertained.
IN QUESTS (SATURD lY). DEATTI FROM Ex PO-
SURE.—By Mr. G. I. Mills, at the Board-room of Kenaington
Workhouse, on the ody of Anne Dodswell, aged 44 years.
The deceased was thee Widow of a coal-merchant, who, about
four years ago, blew his brains out. She had subsequently
become rather addicted to drink, but carried on the business
of a dressmaker and milliner. On Tuesday last she left her
residence in Vinegar-yard, Drury-lane, and never returned;
but on Wednesday forenoon she stn found, about 11 o'clock,
by policeman Nicholson, T 107, ding in a retired part of
Lord Holland's park, Kensington, almost senseless from ex-
haustion and exposure to the cold, but perfectly unconscious
as to how she came there, or where she was going
was to. Byre-
her was found a basket containing provisions. She
moved to the workhouse, and was there seen by the pare-

DISPUTE WITH HOLLAND.
A case of dispute has arisen between a foreign
govt rament and ourselves, as to its rights under a treaty, of
a similar nature, but mt.ch clearer and lets complicated
than in the case cf the Spanish treaties. In framing
the Sugar Bill of the last session, it was intended to allow
the admission of foreign refined
nisedsugars at duties correspongd-
i g with thosehe refiners ial on
ho rme, that w sugarssuch. Ana
g objection was
ra by tene ral law
would admit the refined sugars of France Belgium, Hol-
land, atd Germany. In order to evade this effect, and, as
the Government thought, to confine the privileae of import-
ing refined sugars to the distant growing countries, where it
is well known no sugar is refined as an article of com-
merce, it was made a condition that refined sugar, admitted
at the low duties of 28s. and 31s. 6d. for sing!? and double
refined respectively, should be the "growth and produce"
of the countries from which it is exported—the word
" growth" being intended to apply to its production in the
sod ; the word " produce" to the process of manufacture in
refining. A little consideration should have shown Mr. Wood
that any such attempted distinction was futile. France, Bel-
gium, and Germany, all grow beet-root sugar to a large
extent, and reline it ; end if, therefore, the relative stirs, of
prices in those countries and in England were such, that an
inducement existed for the exportation of sugar to this
country, they Ewald at least send that refined from beet
root, and import more foreign sugar for their own use ; and
if, on the contrary, no temptation was held out by such rela-
tive prices, for such exportations, then it was a mere
useless provision. And with regard to Holland, to which
the regulation, based on the rapresentationsnf the English re-
fi.ners, had more immediate reference, the regulation will turn
out to he equnily- tattle ; fur, though Holland grows no sugar,
hut refines only from foreign sugars, y. t Holland has a treaty
with us, by which we are compelled to admit her produccon
the most favoured terms—by which, if we admit the refined
sugars of Brazil, or Cuba, or Belgium, at a lower duty, we
are bound also to admit the refined sugar of Holland at the
same; and Holland has determined to put this right to
the test.
A quantity of Dutch refined sugar has been imported into
the port of London. The importers have sought to clear it
at the " lowest" duty chargeable on foreign refined sugars.
The cuetome house authorities have refused its admission.
The Duch minister has forwar fitment a presentation to the
Foreignt Office, demanding the fuof their treaty, and
here the matter now rests. We cannot for a moment doubt
what will be Lsrd Palmerston's reply to such a demand,
when his lordship has fully considered the obligations of
that treaty, although it would appear that the government
did not recognise them when the sugar bill was framed, as
no provision was made in that bill for such exceptions as
might arise front the operation of treaties.
Let us see now the matter stands, and what really are our
obligations. Our treaty with Holland, made as late as the
27th of October, 1837, contains the fullowing clause :
No duty of customs, or other impost, shall be charged upon any
goods the produce of one country, upon importation by sea or by land,
from such country into the Mho', higher than the duty or impost
charged upon goods of the same kind, the produce of, or imported from
any other country: and her Majesty the Omen of the United King-
dom of Crest Britain and Ireland, und bas Majesty the Xing of the
Netherlands, do hereby bind and engage themselves nut to grant any
favour nrivilege, or mununity, in matters of oommerce and navigi-
'
tion, to the subjects of any other shde, which shall nut be alto, and at
I the same time extended to the subjects of the other high contracting
party, &e. &e.
No language could more explicitly express the obligations
of the two governments tewards each other. lf, therefore,
we reduce the duty charged upon refined sugar the produce
of any foreign country, we are bound equally to reduce
that which is the produce of llelland. The first point, how-
ever, to establish is, that sugar, notwithstanding the place
of its growth, is to be deemed the produce of tha country in
which it is refined.
First, then, by the sth section of the Navigation Act, it
is distinctly provided, " That all manufactured go..ds
shall be deemed the produce of the country.of which they
are the manufactures." No one can maintain that re-
fined sugar has not undergone such a process of manufac-
ture as entitles it to be considered the " produce " of the
country where that proem takes place, without reference
to the place of its original growth. As ant ref
case, we may remark that flour manufactured in Canada,
though from wheat imported from a foreign courAry, even
when there was no duty on its admission into Canada, was
always admitted into this country as the produce of Canada,
in the character of a manufactured article. Moreover, even
the sugar which is refined in this country in bond, is re-
exported and classed under the head of " British produce
and manufactures." But if there were any doubt left on
this point, we would refer to a document which proceeded
from the board of Trade, dated 23rd of April 1839, in reply
to an application in which this very question necessarily was
raised. The principal parts of the document arc these:
Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade,
Whitehall, 23rd April, 1839.
In the next place, it appears to their lordships, that, as the duties in
the table of the possessions set are not applicable to fortednufare
of the United Kingdarn, all sugar refined in the Kinadom,
, although refined in bond, must be deemed, as in fact it is a British
' manufacture ; unless (as in the ease of copper smelted is bond', the
few has expressly provided for the retention of the foreign character.
Wto ith regard that part of the possess act, in which for
rdse hips ign
sugar is prohibited to be imported into certain colonies, their lo
are ofopinion, that refined sugar, the manufacture of the United
Kingdom, must, in the colonies, be treated as a British commodity,
unless there be some enactment of the law intended to preserve a dis-
tinction between those parcels which had been made of foreign from
those mad t
e of Briish materials.
If success had attended this mode of effecting the object in view,
no discrimination could have been made between different quench'
of exported sugar, either at the port of exportation, or at the port of
destination ; and their lordships are of opinion, that in all the enact-
ments upon the subject, ir was intended be the legislature, that the
products of the foreign sugar should leave this country with the cha-
racter of a British manufacture.
Indeed, If this were not so, one great advantage anticipated from
the system of refining in bond might be entirely hot, namely, the
export to foreign countries. Such foreign multi ies as may he bound
by treaty, or otherwise, to take our productions at favourable duties,
and would be compelled, therefore, to receive sugar thus refined ,if
number and a specific character of foreign sugar were given to .he
refined exported from bond),onght justly refuse
be to admit it as British
manufacture, and thereby a great injury would done.
It appears, therefore, to their lardships, perfectly clear, that, upon
exportation to foreign countries, there can be no ground for stating the
origin of the material in the export document. They are also of
opinion that, when td,
ad is a British colony in America, it
must be there received, as far as duty is concerned, as a British manu-
facture and that, consequently, no fiscal veation can arise in the
eolony;the decision of which would require a knowledge sugars
origin. And with respect to the colonies into which foreign is
not permitted to be imported, it is well known that the object of the
prohibition is to prevent those colonies, in which sugar is produced,
from being made the medium of a fraudulent transit of foreign sugar,
as the produce of those colonies, to this country.)
(Signed

J. D. IiUME.,

F. T. Baring, Esq., &c. &c. &e. 1
This document is specific, and exactly to the point in dis-
pute in more ways thin one. It not fully recognises refined
sugar as a manufacture, and, therefore, the produce of the
country where it is so manufactured, but that without any
reference whatever to the origin of the material from which
it is manufactured.
But this brings us to consider the weight of the futile and
fallacious distinction relied upon by Mr. Wood in framing
the Sugar Bill, for the _purpose of excluding Dutch refined
1 sugar. The act admits, at the low duty, refined sugar which
is the " growth and produce" of any foreign country. The
Chancellor, therefore, contend: that there are two conditions
necessary to entitle foreign sugar to admission at the favoured
rates; that it shall not only be refined in the country from
which it is imported, but that it shall also be grown
in the same country. Are we entitled to odd •fuch
a stipulation to a country with which we have a prior obliga-
tion by a solemn treaty ? Is it not enough that it is proved
that theproduco (manufacture) of any foreign country is ad-
mitted at a lower duty to entitle Holland under treaty to
demand the same. The right of that treaty cannot be limited
by any subsequent stipulation or condition in our acts of
parliament, to which Holland is no party. We can superadd
no condition different from the plain reading of the t
vereaty
itself. With respect to any country with wha no
prior treaties, we arc at liberty to admit their produce with
any limitations we please; but with respect to Holland pos-
sessing such a treaty, we must not attempt to evade
article
is the "produce" of Holland to entitle it to admission on
the most favoured term': and in the clear views contained
in the document of the Board of Trade already quoted, we
have no right to inquire into the origin of the material from
which it is manufactured.
When we first passed • law admitting, on favoured terms,
sugar, the produce of free labour, we might, with as much
propriety, in reply to the demand made by. Venezuela and
the 'United States for the admission of their sugar, though
the produce of wave labour, have pleaded the special condi-
we are now en-
tion on which we admitted that of Java, as
titled to plead in the case of Holland--a condition for the
admission of sugar refined in Cuba or Brazil, not contem-
plated by, and included in, the treaty. Holland has but one
duty to perform—to prove that the article offered at our Cus-
tem-house is the "produce" of Holland, to entitle it to
admission on the most favoured terms. We have no right

whatever to inquire into the condition or circumstances of Dublin, there are 1885 paupers, of whom 795 are in the in-
the manufacture, or the origin of the raw material. Such firmary. The poor-rate struck at the last meeting of the
an attempted evasion is unworthy the position of any great Nenagh board of guardicis will araount to 25 per cent.
stele. upon the valuation of the town.
Let us suppose an exactly analogous case in the custom- EXPENDITURE ON PUELIC Wolll{3.
house regulation', in Holland towards us. We now export The following is an Abstract of Expenditure under the 9th
a large quantity of cotton cloth and cotton yarns to Holland, and lOca. of Victoria, chapter 107, and Bth and ffin Victo-
which pay a duty of four per cent. on their admission. 110 - rim, chapter 1 :
land has latterly been cultivating a special friendship with For week ending Oct. 8, ... ... £6,193 0 7
29, ... ... 36,474 2 8
the United States, where their Jima coffee, imported from 19 12. ••• ... 14,533 19 5
yllarnutchanGdevceortntomnenctlowther,e,,tothpeassgroawlathw daenedlariprnogd
Four
Y 8 - For•. the3ml'ontii,•• ...
16'296
19
19----C
-
Europe, is admissible on favourable terms. Suppose the 11 22, ... ... 23,677 3 6
uttateefotatnot; ds 1,
foreign country" (which could apply practically only to the For week ending Nov. 7, - • • •••
-97,985 6 9 ... ... E 61,595 IS 3
United States), should be admitted free of duty, would Eng- 19 141 ... ... 71,558 16 6
land submit to such an evasion of our clear right t 3 have our 99 21. ••• ••• 80,26) 11 9
cotton manufactures admitted into Holland on the saute „ 28, ... ... 117,591 1 4
terms as those of the United States? We should not hide One day to ... 30, ... ... 14,053 8 3--
For the month
our indignation at such a shallow pretence for evading our Total expenditure
- • • C315'964 16
1 fur the month. of Oct.Oet and Nov., 412,150 2 1
clear rights. The case of sugar refined in Holland and our PEXSOXS EMPLOYED ON RELIEF WOEXO.
SWUM Bin of the last session is precisely analogous. Week ending Oct. 3, 26,193
• . . ...
But, with a Minister of the high courage and integrity of 10, 411,029
••• • • •
Lord Pa•meroton, when his course is clear, at the Foreign 99 17, •• • ... 58,755
Office, and with Lord Clarendon at the head of the Board of 24, ••• ... 80,466
Trade, so distinguished for his keen perception of national „ 31, -. ... 114,330
~ Nov. 7, ... 159,704
honour-and considering the decided expression of opinion 14, ...
which the present government, when in opposition, express- ... ... 212,102
.. ... ... 224,672
cal of our shabby and unjuatitiable treatment of Spain, 21,
we 28, ... 273,023
cannot entertain any serious doubt that the application now The average numbers employed upon public works during
made by the Dutch minister will be at once conceded by our the month of November, in each county, was 8200 nearly.
government. National treaties are solemn compacts between 'The cost of employment for Clue county, in November, is
sovereigns themselves, to which it is the first duty of their at present 15,0007. a week, and the number of men em-
ministers to give effect-Economist. ployed 10,000. The expenditure in Limerick is 10,0001, a
week. In North Tipperary the weekly expenditure amounts
at present to 13151. ; the men employed amount to 4406, and
the holm, &c., to 1050.
STATE OF THE COUNTRY. •
The provincial Irish journals received to-day, contain
more thou the average number of outrages, robberies, plun-
dering, and petty theft*. To record the whole of these
would occupy a page of the Daily News, and few would
be found to read the details of crimes identical in features
and almost alike in circumstances. 'The following may suf-
fice to indicate the spirit of the whole :
On Wednesday (according to the Nenagh Guardian) a
party of ruffians went to the house of a man named Michael
Harty, living at Loughorna, within three miles of Nenagh.
This is the evidence of Bridget Harty :-I am widow af the
deceased. About eight o'clock on Wednesday night we re-
tired to bed. having first lacked the door; in about two
hours after I heard a man outside ask for a card for his pipe ;
I got up and put a coal outside the door, after which the
man demanded a drink of water, which I refused; I then
heard other vole, s say that the door should be opened, after
which tkey forced in the door ; the deceased was armed with
a spade, and struck them according as they entered; two
men canto in and dragged him out ; the party fired a shot
when they broke in the door ; deceased was all covered with
blood; he died the following morning at ten o'clock.
"Last week." Pays the Ballyshannon Herald," some per-
ions entered a farmer's cow•h..use, near Boyner, where a
cow was fastened by the head with an iron chain to the
manger-they severed the body from the head, leasing the
head as it was fastened, and carried off the remainder. An-
other cow was killed in the same locality, and the hide only
left. Several sheep were killed throughout this barony, and
the farmers robbed of their meal, &c.
Tits; Geri 'f liana ! ! !-Since the 3rd of teat month, My.
the Tipperary Constantion, we understand, that " ouly "
one thousand one hundred and thirty-eight stand of arms
have been disposed of in Clonmel. The trade, it will bescen,
is brisk, and the price moderate. A man can procure a very
handy gun for for eighteen shillings. The " fowlers," on
Sunday last, were most industrious-from day dawn they
fired away, and scarcely five minutes elapsed without " a
bang." Prospects are cheering !
The Cork Era-”iner of yesterday states that Mr. O'Con-
nell is determin«l to allow his tenantry an abatement of 50
per cent, or 10a. in the pound. In the same journal it is
stated that the landlord whcee tenantry the Times transferred
to Mr. O'Connell, proved to be Nathaniel Crumpe Bland,
Em., an abientee, residing in ltandals' Park, Surrey.
Tun °lime:: LETTEIn4.-1•12. O'Brien has printed a
third letter in the Nation. The following extracts will be
sufficient to show our readers its tenor and purport :
With the view of affording to the agricultural chairs an indemnity
or the law anticipated by them from a repeal of the coin laws, par-
liament has placed at the diquisal of the executive a sum of three mil-
lions siterline. two millions of which are to be applied in 17todand,
and one million in Ireland, in the improvement of estates. Ey
some unaccountable blundering in the structure of the set of par-
liament, it appears that this million cannot be rendered available for
the employment of the Irish poor during the present maven of diatress,
if a strict cenformity with the terms of the art be required. Lord
lhaurt informs us that the answer .given to landltinbi asking for loans
outof this fund is, that "Tenants for life nerd not apply." Taws a sery
large majority of the landed proprietors of Ireland are at once ex-
fludialtrom the benefit at the art. Apia, it Is necentary that the
work should be exemited before the money, by means of which the
expense of its execution-is to he defrayed, can be appropriate!: and
men if these difficulties he stirmetinted, the final appliadion of the 1
lam is eneumbered with other ematreitsing conditions. By un act
passed in the year Is 13 (8 RIO 9 Victoria, e. 56), tenants kr ditto'
and other proprietors of limited estates, were enabled
borrow money, with the consent of the Court of Chaneery, for
the drainage of bind -the money so borrowed to be a first charge
upon the land, and to be repayable by annual instalments. By
the first public works' act of last se-sine ;9 and 10 Viet., c. I, aO, et
seq.), the principal provisions of this statute were re-enacted and en-
larged, power having been giant to the Board of Works to lend
money to tenants for life, in conformity with there enactments,. If
the government we-c to adeance money on loan, under these pawl-
sitms, upon the terms conteinplated in the million loan Ret -namely,
that for every 100 f. lent an annuity of If. Ina. (to cover interest and
instalment; ishould be mild during a period of twenty-two years -
I every clam of proprietors wuuld be enabled to borrow money for the re-
clamation of their estates upon the most advastaceteis terms, whilst
the state would retain an unquestionable security for the loan, it being
a charge trice to all other Ineteribriman. The (Vitt of Chancery
has the power. if PO d.... 110.01, to make such regulation' as would im-
pose little trouble or expense upon parties appl)mg for permission
to borrow mosey for the purpose of drainage. Each proprietor WOlllll
thus be enabled to go to the Baird of Works, with pmptnals framed
according to his own view of the best male of improving his (state.
A surveyor or agriniltut nit, lame ting on the part of the hoard woulil
report upon the eligibility of the work- the money would be advanced
according us the work procialed, in instalments not exceeding one-
fifth of the entire sum to be advanoed, and no smbsequent instalment
would be issual until it had been proved to the satisfaction of the
board that the preceding instalment had hi-en properly expenda)
We might to be careful to avoid the exiipteratioa a hall sometimes
characterises suggestions for home colonisation. It was computel by
the land eornmission that the amount of unreel:Limed land in Ireland
is as fUHOWI:—

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, DEC. 4.
PRESENTMENT SESSIONS.—On Tuesday at the present-
ment cessions in the town of Pallaskennv, in the county of
Limerick, it was decided to proceed under Mr. Lahouchere's
letter, after which 6,9501., being one-third the rental of the
barony, was voted for employment of the people for three
months. The number of men to be employed will be, it is
calculated,lsoo, and the. _.weekly expense 7501.
APPOINTMENT.—Mt. \Valliant a distiller, and who was
denied a t ommisaion of the peace on account of his business,
has been elected mayor of Limerick.
Food is still the cry. The hopes ofdiminished prices before
Christmas have somewhat abated. A good symptom, how-
ever, breaks is from the south. Some of the Cork corn
factors, very sharp and intelligent men, have tendered for
supplies to the Relief Committee at reduced prices. Yellow
Indian corn at 141. 10s. per ton ; bean meal at 12/. • and
white meal at 141. 10s. The same descriptions of food were
sold last year at 101. and 12/. per ton. The Relief Committee
have lowered their prices to the poor. Another relief to
the destitution of the city of Cork is the employment of
400 men by the Great Southern and Western Railway Com-
pany.
Some of your readers may wish to know the legal statis-
tics of our courts of record. In the Queen's Bench for
Michaelmas term were filed 750 declarations, 240 pleas, 2`41
ejectfuente. with 19 records and 7 appeals for trial. In the
Common Pleas, 18$ declarations, 100 pleas, 28 ejectment*,
and 3 records for trial. In the Exchequer, 1.339 declarations,
1,392 pleas, 103 ejectment., with 91 records, and 29 appeal
for trial.
DECEMBER 5.
A special ?meting of the Royal Agricultural Society was
he,don Thur.day, at which the Marquis of Kildare presided.
The business of the meeting was chiefly confined to the read-
ing of letters from noblemen and gentlemen of great rank
and authority on the suspension of the fundamental rule. All
lamented the violation of the charter. In addition to the
letters already noticed and published, letters were read from
Lords Gon, Lumen, and Chinn% Mr. S. O'Brien,
Mr. Augustus Stafford O'Brien, John Sharman Crawford.
and o:hers, strongly recommending the restoration of the
1 ith in all its integrity at the next general meeting of the
society. Mr. O'Connell, who originated the suspension,
is
now in favour of the old status quo. A resolution was una-
nimously agreed to that, at the ensuing general meeting,
the 14th rule should he restored to the fundamental code in
' all its original integrity, and to guard against the future in-
fringement by any special meeting of the society, Mr.
Acheson Lyle, the Chief Remembrancer, gave notice that he
would propose as another fundamental rule, that no general
rule he rescinded or attired except at the half-yearly meet-
ing., and then only on the recommendation of the council,
adopted at a special, held one month before the half yearly,
meeting, and communicated a fortnight previously to all the
members. There is a rumour abroad that many members
are disposed to form a permanent committee, quite distinct
from the agricultural society, no watch the progress of par-
liamentary measures and protect Irish property.
The Labour Rate Act is being rapidly extended. The
Gazette of last night contains proclamation" for fourteen
extraordinary 6255i01E,, of which four are for Monaghan.
The northern landlords far surpass the southern in libe-
rality. Sir A. Brooke, in addition to 5001., contributed to
the local relief committees, has made a very considerable re-
duction to all his tenants. The London companies are fall-
ing into the considerate vein. Mr. Wiggins, ascent to the
Grocers' Company, has stated that a reduction of 10 per cent.
will be made to all tenants paying the May rent before the
Ist of February, and a further reduction of 50 per cent. on
the November rent paid within the same day, the latter to
be expended in permanent improvements.
The National Club of London has contributed very
munificently to the relief of Irish distress. Two sums of
4001. each have been lodged in the National Bank to the
credit of the Central Relief Committee of Cork and Tuam,
and sums of 300/. each to the credit of the Bishops of Elphin,
Limerick, Killeloe, and Cashel, with the promise of further
remittances. The conditions annexed are, that the relief he ,1
administered by a committee in each of the dioceses, to the
sick and aged poor in food and clothes, and not in money ;
and that returns he made to the London committee, giving
an account of the expenditure. Relief is to be given indis-
criminately, without reference to religious creed, and a sug-
gestion is offered that Indian meal should be purchased
rather in Ireland than England. There are gradatious of [
destitution. In Clare, for instance, whence the cry for pub- I
lie relief was loudest, and where at present 10,000 men are I
employed by the Board of Works, I find that in 12 electoral
divisions, the peer-law rote just assessed, amounts only to
51,d. in the pound, whiie he seven more no rate at all was
assessed.
Those interested in the drainage of Lough Neagh, and the
improvement of the navigation of the Lower Bann, have
been for a long time in communication with the Board of
Works as to the terms on which they would undertake the
works. The board have made their final declaration: the
total estimate is 195,714/., part of which is to be supplied
thus: the government makes a free grant o 38,500 t and
the counties of Antrim, Londonderry, Tyrone,f Armagh, , and
Down, the total of 40,0001. The river Fergus, in Clare,
is
also to be improved under the care of the board. Nearly all
the proprietor', amounting to 40, have joined, and 28 tenants
have given in their consents. This will be a great and useful
improvement. The works at Cove are also to progress. The
Admiralty have agreed to build the pier, and construct
water tanks and the rain pipes to convey the water, on con-
dition that Mr. Smith Barry and Lord Middleton give the
[ use and right of the water to the public, and ground to erect
I, the tanks. Mr. S. Barry has given the ground for the pier
I and tanks gratis.
We must not suppose that Ireland is not progressing in
ihnatveellif
4entocwe
nfrso,meatchhe
wfoiltlho following
isntai
mtiustmicsooff
2b00,501 1 ling l
inhabitants,
of which not one has a bookseller, while Scotland, with a
third of the population, has three times the number of book
sellers—the proportion being nine to one. There are six
counties without a single member of the trade, and seven
important towns, with an aggregate population of 71,819, in
the same condition.
The combination against the duties on tea is spreading.
Qui eremenam tangit, me tangit. The Mail of last night
very sensibly. advocates the necessity of reduction, as the
question affects the comforts of the farming and labouring
classes.
The Irish government, it is said, will try an experiment
on our fisheries. Four stations or depots will be establi.hed
in the neighbourhood of the principal fishing grounds, and a
sufficient supply of salt be provided for curing. The latter
y e • trifling boon, but on the southern coasts whole
may be a trifimsg boon, but on the southern coasts whole
cargoes are suffered to rot on tee shore, or applied to manure
the fields, for the want of salt.
The fine residence of Mr. Megan, in the King's County,
which was erected at an expense of 80,0001., has been de-
stroyed by an accidental fire. An insurance had been effected
in the Royal Exchange, but it is supposed not approximating

Prprovablc for cultivation ...
Improvable for pasture ...
rtumprovablc ... ...

Acre..
1,421,11n0
2,Sio,ompo
2,53.5,000

Total ... •• • ... fi,29n,000
Now, I appreher.l that a large proportlim of these tracts is already
rs-opled. if such be the case, we ought rather to look for their re-
d:an:lion to the operation of such beneficial measures as those
to which I have already adverted, rather than to direct
intervention upon the part of the State. Still, if we reduce
the amoiint of unimproved land available for the purpose of
home colonisation to only a million of acres, we leave
enough to occupy a very large amount of capital, and to give sub-
sistence to a very considerable number of people. Allowing twenty
acres to each farm, a million of acres would suffice for the emotion of '
fifty thousand forma, which would give direct employment to as many
families, and would indirectly of a livelihood to surly the same
number. It not too much to lay that from 300,000 to 500,000
persona might be advantageously located upon the unreclatawd soil
of Ireland. A. there is no land absolutely vacant, some difficulty
would arise in dealing with ten:oils at present In occupation, as well
as with the proprietor'. lam persuade I, however, that if legal
fadlitks were afforded for the alienation of property of
tarn
description, awl if liberal terms were offered, by way of compel'.
Ration, both to tenants anil landlords, large tracts could 'he purchased
on terms of voluntary pale. Mr. I'. Seropit proposes to aolve all diffi-
culties of thin notary by ad-lining from the legislature powers of corn-
pubory acquisition similar to those which are conceded to railway
companies. Are you prepared to say that, wider the present circuno
skuwea of Ireland, proprietors ought to be allowed to leave in an un-
productive state immense tracts of land capable of affonling emploj -
mut and food to many thousands of a famishing population! This is
a question to which it befit. you to offer an answer before parliament
shall assemble, as it is by no means improbable that It will be brought
to issue during the ensuing session. lam inclined to hope that little
difficulty would be raised on the part of Irish pmprietors. The sub-
stintial impediment to the propwal will be the reluctance of parlia-
ment to apply to such an object the requisite amount of capital.
It is useless to mislead the public by fallacious calculations. I fear
that we could not estimate the amount of money required to purchase
the soil, to build bowies, and to reclaim as much of the land as would
be Demesne:o in order to give subsistence to the settlers during the first
year, at much less than 10/. per acre. An /rich member who ehould
to apply ten millions of money to the reclamation of land in
fireVit would be laughed to acorn in the British legislature. Yet
parliament would consent, almostit
without q miution—perhaps amidst
the cheers of all parties—to the expenditure of this amount in
piratical incursions, such as those made upon the inhabitants of Af-
ghanistan, !kinds, Syria, and other nations who have never
injured us. Let an imagine, however that a million sterling would
be cheerfully expended by way of experiment in such reclamation. An
annuity of 05,0001. per annum, paid during a od of twenty-two I
years, would, according to the provisions of th mllice loan act, in-
demnify the state for the outlay. The paymentof thin annuity, there-
fore, by the tenant in occupation, would enable them to acquire the
fee simple of the land. reclaimed. Assuming that 100,000 acres can
he purchased and reclaimed at an expense not exceeding one million
sterling, and that
ey thie land 5,000 families may be planted, does
any one doubt that ty would be able to pay with cheerfulness an an-
nuity during twenty-two years atthe rate ofl3/.for every twenty macs?
By this undertaking 5,1100 peasant proprietors inifrht be at once limns.
fined from the catalogue of those who have little to gain by maintain-
ing the rights of property, to that of those who hare everything to lee
by their notation. lam not so weak as to believe that this ope ratim will
be undertaken as a benevolent prnleet by our prudent neighbours, but if
you consent to take all the risk of the experiment upon yourselves—
if Toil will mortgage your estates, and pledge your county rates as a
ioillateral security, it is posed* that you will be permitted to make
the experiment by means of a loan from the Imperial Treasury.
Under ordinary circumstances you might be reluctant to enter into
such a speculation; but at Snv alternative is preferable to gradual
ruin under the operation of the labour act, I would ask you, upon
.d grounds of sell-interest, ea well at upon conSiderations of humanity
no and of state policy, to entrtiain this proposaL
of a

to the loss.
THE POPULAR ARMAMENT.—INSTRUCTIONB TO MAGIS-
TRATES.—In consequence of the great alarm created by the
facility of obtaining arms, the following letter has been
written by the Chief Secretary to the magistrates at petty
sessions :
Dublin t7astle, December 3. DM.
Gentlemen,—His excellency's attention having been directed to the
frequent outrages committed by armed parties in various parts of the
country, and to the appearance of persons armed, as well by day a
by night, to the terror and alarm of her majesty's sub,
egitimaand
te
who,
there is good reason to believe, do not bear arms for jny lects
purport, I am directed be the lord-lieutenant to state, for your in-
formation and guidance, that, under 15 and 16 Gee. 111., c. 21, s. 2
the Whitebot Actl, any person or persons being armed with fire-
arms, fire-lock, pistol, or any offensive weapon, who shall rise, as-
semble, or appear by day or by night to the terror of her majesty's
subject i guilty of a high mirdemmulour, and punishable by tine and
imprisonment. This section is still in force, and there can be no
doubt that, in a district where outrages have been committed of a
N%-hitehoy character, any person so appearing may be committed
under this section, unless It be shown that be was out on a lawful
occasion. By the 6th section, every magistrate or other pew: °their,
within the limits of his jurisdiction, is authorised to apprehend, dis-
perse, or oppose any person or perrons so appearing armed. This
section should be acted upon if there is reason to think that the par-
ties are not in arms on some Loral occasion, more espenally at
night, when there is lens reason to suppose that such ia the fact;
but whenever the parties are distinctly known to the polite, in-
formations should be sworn against them, upon which they
for
should. be arrested, and, if the ease require it be committed
trial. If the person or Perron so appearing armed are not known,
Of if, being known, there be an apprehension that he or they are
engaged In the prosecution of some !Begat act, the constables would
be authorised to arrest them, and bring them before magistrate. Ms
excellency is desirous of calling the attention of the magistrates and
peace °Moms to the provisions of the la with respect to
ng those
persons
appearing armed, and the power which itw gives of punishi
who, be such conduct, create terror and alarm in the minds of the
weltslis.posed ; and he trusts that, by a vigilant and prudent applica-
tion of the-c enactments, the proms-dines to which he has reterred
may be effectually checked. You may rely upon the cordial support
of his excellency in your efforts to prevent the right of carrying arms
for lawful objects which every Inshman now possesses, from being
perverted to purposes which are contrary to law and dangerous to the
peace of the country.—l have the honour to be, gentlemen, your
obedient servant, Lsnocciman
To the Magistrates at Petty Sessions.
Pool-La w I:STEELtoENCE.—There are above 900 paupers
in the Killarney workhouse, and the rate about being laid
on in the electoral division of Killarney, amours
s t to
rate
the
enormous sum of 2s. Bd. in the pound; however, the
laid on in the other divisions of the union is lower to a consi-
derable degree. There are over 800 paupers in the Liatowel
workhouse, 'oo. Kerry. The cost of bread in the Tralee work-
house for this week is 91/. In the South Union workhouse,

SCOTLAND.
UNIVERSITY OF ELI NRI:IIIIII.—VaTiORS matters of pubfic
interest connected with the university have transpired. The
first is that the Senatus Academicus have distinctly refused
to pay out nf the Reid Fund, of which thy are the cue-
todiers, the expenses (amounting to 2001. ore 3001.) of fitting
up the class-room of Professor Donaldson, the new Professor
of Music. It will be recollected that, some time ago
,' the
Express contained a paper, under the head " Music," in
which it was explained that the late General Reid had be-
queathed 20,0001. for the purpose of founding a music chair
in this university, charging the Senatus as his trustees, to
give "consequence, dignity, and effect" to the appointment
—a bequestwhich the trustees have carried into execution by
pensioning off au anatomical professor, fixing the music pro-
fessor's salary at the minimum stated in the bequest, and re-
facing to pay the cost of the music cuss-room. The Town
Council are to urge payment by Professor Donaldson, in the
hope that, when his brother professors know that the amount
is to be paid by him individually, they will relax in their
sternness. Secondly, The professorship of Biblical Criticism,
in lieu of the sinecure of Dean of the Chapel Royal, to
which we formerly referred, is.to be instituted forthwith, the
Secretary for the Home Department having given official inti-
mation of the same to the Council. The name of the new
professor has not transpired. and measures are being taken to
make the lectures available to Dissenters as well as
to Churchmen. Thirdly, A professor having, after some
interval, been appointed to the chair of History, the new
incumbent, Mr. Cosmo Innis, advocate, is to emt
lecturing—few of his predecessors having beenatt able