The Express.
London, England, 1849-11-01 00:00:00

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'WOK WATIIII AT LONDON WWI
TI DAT-Wandiss, IL *a Al%mom lIA Oa
Tronagnr-Wales, AL Ma AkeTais, I I. 4a

LONDON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1.

Tres re-actionista sad the violent moderates of
Europe should, neither of them, be allowed to hag
themselves with the idea that they are restoring
things to their past sad normal state of absolute
monarchy or quiet ceestientionalism. The condHoo
into which almost all the canaries of the continent
!aerobe= brought resmables nothing that ever existed
before. It is so longer monarchy or liberty, or con-
atitudonal government. It is amply and inikedly
the naiversal establishment of military influence and
authority. A superficial obeetver is apt to see in
this the triumph of the monarchic principle and the
abasement of the popular one. It is quite a
mistake. Thrones have been humbled in the dust
eves wee than popular rights, and kingship has
dwindled to quits as empty a shadow as freedom.
Is there indeed a king in Europe that reigns by
the grace of any other thing or power than his
army P There is LOUIS NAPOLEON, an army
Miles president: the moment he mi.bshaves, the
French exiderados threaten him with CHANOARNIER,
sad he becomes quiet as a chidden baby. The
Emperor of AUSTRIA P The young man is
dieginted with the hangings and quartering, of
the Hungarians, yet he cannot stop them. ScnWAR-
EMBER° and BACH would raise a civilian voice in the
council; they are not livened to. The King -of
PRUSSIA is no longer sovereign of his country, much
less of tiermany. He is a general officer, nothing
more. and his only ministers worthy of the name are
general aura. Their ordonnances sound a halt,
and beat a charge". But as for the pretences, the func-
tions, or the machinery of representative government,
that is all humbug. The King of PRUSSIA could not
establish • constitutional government, even if he
would. His officers would not ;et him. Their sabres
form the only sceptres of the day.
No country offers so complete an example of
the utter annihilation of both monarchic dignity and
rights as Spain. Some days ago a
feriaLterers persuaded ISABELLA to believe
that she was guess, that she had, at least, the rights
of • oonetitutional queen, to choose her ministers, and
to enable them to cry to get a majority in the Cortes.
ISABELLA and the LINO CONFORT set to work in this
belief. Bat the very first exertion of their will showed
them their utter powerlessness. No we would
obey them. No one could be got to take office. Every
functionary of any importance re 'signed. The very
treasury would have (domed its d ors; the army
would have turned its back ; and Zemlya-a and her
husband might have walked out of a kingdom in
which they really have no more power, respect, or
authority, than a pair of infants.
The story of Queen ISABELLA of Spain in October,
1848, deserves, though full of truth, to be printed as
a fable, and put into the hands of every reign-
ing monarch with its app-opr.ate moral.
This is, that every sovereign who in these days sepa-
rates from his people becomes the slave of one or
two general officers. The only mode of escape is
to become general officer himself, and to practise
successfully the profession of hero. But to do this,
triumph is necessary ; and that is a stake not only
difficult to win, but one which people, and even armies,
object to play for. Au hundred thousand men are
no longer anxious to slay each other in order to
swell the potirer and the renown of one.
The fact is, and we wonder it escaped the notice
of tho Peace Meeting on Tuesday night, the great
duty of an army is no longer demanded of it, the
profession of military hero has been abrogated—
" Othello's occupation's gone." Dosing the last two
years we have men the several half millions of armed
men kept up by each great power in presence of each
other, but with such a scrupulous avoidance of collision,
that it is evident a fight between two equal parties is a
contingency henceforth impossible. War henceforth
is that of the hawk, the vulture, and other birds of
prey, who pounce upon the weak and carry them off
is their talons. But a large country, with a spirited
population and dormant resources, has nothing to fear.
If France and Austria could ever war, they would
have fought for Italy. If Russia dared ever faze the
powers of the west. it would have been in October,
1848. The peace congresses, therefore, march with
the spirit of the times, and are in fact chiming in
With the great popular air.
War we shall have none, though of oppression we
shall have a great deal. And thus it is that the
Peace Congress, we prophesy, must b: come, what it---
dead it is already, a Congress of Freedom. Already
we see in its assemblies the warriors of independence,
whose swords have been broken by the might of
despotism, and who trust no longer to weapons, but
to the words of a peaceful people.
To these peace congresses, however, we shall by-
and-by. have supporters and converts more august,
if not more illustrious, than KLAFKA or KOSSUTH.
These will be the monarchs of Europe themselves,
weary of their military Mentors, of the tutelage of the
ash and sabre. It is not LAIARTINR or the Arch-
bishop of PARIS that we shall have seeking the coun-
cils of Mr. COBDEN, or adopting the financial princi-
ples of Mr. GURNEY; we shall have Queen ISABELLA
of Spain, President Louie NAPOLEON of France
Emperor FERDINAND of the piebald realm of Austria,
who shall come to be delivered of the tyranny
and extravagance of a purely military aging.
Sovereigns, however, will have much to do, is order
to get up any popular sympathy in their favour. We
ens in the Spanish quarrel how all the world takes
with NARvAEZ against the court. Tyrant though
part
be, he is preferred to the imbecility of a court.
And, indeed, NARVAEZ himself has discovered that
the army is an onsathinstery source of power. Thus,
wt the bet mootheole bus gives an amnesty, and a
we, olunpiele sae, Wadley llelamanc and even those
atir.Pred his
penes.
share or hr. t° be
wishedmt
y.
he has introdused into Spain for thinftranit time
tlite principle of free bade. 'the new tariff is, we
leer, as yet, but the prissireb, tte practice being de-
famed. But the liberals sr Spain do think it some-
&lag to have gained the principle. Moreover, Nut-
TAU has made advisees to this IMO liberal party.
It no longer abhors bin. It is willing to me in the
errors and atrocities of his latter conduct a law of
imperious necessity. And sew that NARvALZ has
full power in his haztlirEniberals do hops that he
will ass it for the t and establishment of
thew great principles his dictatorship has
• We meat confess that we are not so supine,
whatever degree of truth there may be in them excul-
pation= of MARVA= We believe, on the contrary,
that the system of military domestic government will
be established pretty generally throughout Europe
and that both kings and people will be reduced to
subservience and nonage. We believe that the sole aim
of this great military confederacy will be to
rule and to keep down—a task incompatible
with war or mutual quarrelling. The rogues will
rather agree, in order to share the spoil in more
security. WI are in no anxiety for peace. What
we are more anxious about is freedom. And that. it ,

is to be feared, is little likely to recover until reaction
or revolution is aroused against the military spirit,
sad until thou armies which are maintained under
the pretext of defuse, bat for the reality of °ppm-
dos. bays been disbanded, and the eprings•aad 10-
senreee,
ead aad empties dgetrerniskilaseglased in claims
liberal beads.
k :.?
474 :
Tax Dean and Chaptig 0611eahattevkluis it
sear, in dealing oat Wile *O. Ladled
spew of justice which used kiln a Jell-
tart daring the border wan. and w 'misted in
feet sooduining sad thea-tryieg a moat he they
bare a sectood time served that gentleman with a
Deed of Dismissal from his elks of sassier of the
cathedral grammar school of that city. This sort of
jostles is, however, too repugnant to what is usually
admiaidered by the Court of Queen's Beach, that Mr.
Whist= has, is his tarn, saved the DIM and Chap-
ter with notice that be will apply to that wart
to prohibit them from 'minting the Falsity they
have thought it demist to award against him. And
though, in this wetly appliestion, Mr. WaleroN will
be under the disadvantage of austainieg his position
with hte private means spina a corporation per-
usals; him with ample church funds, his fellowship
at Trinity seems to have infused into him se much of
the spi spit of its old master, BENTLEY, that it is to be
hoped he will, in a better cause than the great scholar,
be ultimately as successful.
Meanwhile, however, the coarse pursued by the
Dean and Chapter of Rochester is bringing great
scandal on the Church of England : for let
therp of Mr. Waitron's pamphlet on
Treats have been ever so irritating and
offensive, people will not and cannot separate the
righteenimess of his object from the treatment he has
received. Though the Dean and Chapter may now
be so much hurt by the resolute manner in which he
at last tried to bring them to a sense of their duty,
and to a knowledge of their statutes, as to overlook
and forget the facts, that they repulsed his early pri-
vate and respectful efforts to improve the Grammar
School, by inducing them to give the foundation boys'
a substantial instead of a fictitious " maintenance,"l
and that his Bishop and their Visitor refused to listen
to the appeal he aide to that prelate, the solpr think-
ing and temperate portion of the public will not be
so oblivious. And, in spite of all the nice dis-
tinctions of capitulir metaphysics, the conclusion
which common sense will come to on the matter is,
that Mr. WHIBTON has been punished because he
sought to improve the school by means which would.
have reduced the divisible income of the chapter of
Rochester Cathedral.
Nor, in coming to this judgment on the capitals:
conduct, will it be forgotten that for many years, the
deans of Rochester Cathedral appropriated to them-
selves nine-tenths of the large income—probably not
less than 3,0001. a year—belonging to the Lazar-house
of St. Bartholomew, at Chatham, without the shadow
of legal pretence beyond the pract ice of th, it predeces-
sors ; that it was only an information at the suit of the
Arroauxv-Guamn, on the certificate of the charity
commissioners, which arrested this me- appropriation ;
and that, in all human probability, bat for this infor-
nation, the present Dean of RJCUESTEII would have
closed hie ecclesiastical career in the illegal practice
in which be, etc: the example of his fellows, bad
oommenctd it.

Bat it is now reported that the Dean and Chapter
of Rochester are willing to carry out Mr. WIII6TON'e
views as to the foundation scholars and students, as
soon as they have succeeded in punishing that gen-
tleman. This report would have been Incredible,
had it not (oar correspondents write) been traced to
two members of the Chapter. For, if Mr. Wills-
Ton's object be so good as to prove irresistible,
it is surely the deity of men placed in the high and
responsible position of the Dean and Cuspter of
Rochester to forgive those defects of tempt r or that
rudeness of manner whit& Mr. Winsrox's enthusiasm
on the subject of education may have seduced him
into. Mr. WHISTON, be it rememb!red, found Ro-
chester Grammar School on his appsintment scholar-
less; he has rendered it so attractive and useful to
the city for whose benefit it was endowed, that the
citizens have testified their sense of his sufficiency for
and efficiency in the poet at a public meeting. He has
endeavoured to render it still mere attractive by pro-
curing far its scholars all the advantages intended by
its founder. And yet the Dean and Chapter of
Rochester hold his dismisial to be a ne-
cessary expiation for the increase of those
advantages! And one of the Chapter is himself the
head of a great educational foundation ! The Provost
of Oriel College, Ozfard, Dr. HAWKINS, a men emi-
nent in literature and in theology, is oie of the Ca-
noes participating in this preliminary requirement,
and, if report belie him not, is one of tag bitterest of
Mr. WIIIIITOMI persecutors. Shade of the great and
good Armour, look down and reprove thy ancient
friend!

But even this is not the only exemplification of 1
uncharitable feeling manitstel on the occasion by
the Caapter. For, we are assured, on the second
neuter of the whack hesitating to supersede, at the
instance of the Chapter, Mr. Wittsrox, before he
was legally removed from its direction, one of the
Canons, within a few hours of this hesitation, and
withcatt any previous complaint or notice,. actually
took away a young relative from the second master's
hones ! We are positively ashamed to pot such little-
ness and m:aciness on record. Let us therefore re-
tarn to the graver parts of the use.

Whilst thus sensitive and critical of even the lan-
guage of others, the Dean and Chapter of Rochester
will not be surprised, and cannot complain if their
own conduct be very closey scrutinised, and their
own position very severely examiatd. Who and
what they are we have already shown. We have
shown that each and every member of the Chapter is
a pluralist; that out of the six members of which it
is made up, four of them hold even more than
two pieces of church
.preferment; that the
average itIC3IIIS they derive from ecclesiastical
benefices is not less than 1,5001. a year ; that in one
case it is nearly double; that the dean and two of
the canoes bold benefices in their own gift of the
average worth of 6001. a year ; that seven of the beet
livings in the gift of the Chapter, after those held by
its members, have been bestowed on their sone,
brothers, and connexions ; that the value of some of
these livings is as high as 7001. a year ; and that
widlst the dean and caner. and their kinsmen are
thus gorged with church patronage, the minor canons
cf the cathedral are still on short commons' and the
foundation scholars and students are starved by the
allowances fixed for maintenance in the reign of
Hatrat VIII. Nay, if we are correctly informed,
even of this miserable stipend they are mulcted a pro-
portion as fees to the congenial clerk of such Chapter ;
and instead of having four exhibitioners at the uni-
versities, there have occasionally only been two.
•

True, however. it is—for we have no desire to be
unjust to this body—that the Dean and Chapter of
Rochester have within the last tweoty years spent as
many thousand pounds on the cathedral. Bot this
fulfilment of their boanden duty to "stones and tim-
ber" does not exonerate them from the duties they
owe to the human beings who have quite as strong •
claim on their fond. I nor haa it prevented the
deanery being worth 1,4001. a year, sad cana-
ries 6801. a ?ear to their incumbents. " Woe unto
him that moth to the wood, Awake! to the dumb
stone, Aries : it shall teach ! Behold, it is led over
with gold and silver ; but there is no breath at all

Some of the livings held by these reverend plu-
ralists are, too, at great distances from their cathe-
dral church. Thus, foe example, Canon GRIFFITH
holds a benefice in Lincolnshire; Canon litvimo, one
in Dorsetshire; Canon HOTHAN, one in Norfolk, and
I another in SoffAk. Now it is more than doubtful
whether, under the chapter statutes, the incam-
bencies of these distant benefices are legally compa-
tible with their canaries. Fur the statutes clearly
intended that priests connected with the cathedral
should not hold benefices distant mote tbaa 24 miles
from that edifice.
But the muter evil chargeable spinet the Chapter
ii the condition into which they have allowed the
great parish of Chatham, which lies under the very
walls of their cathedral, and is not only in their gift
but is held by one of themselves (Canon Limit), a
pluralist lour deep), to fall. A full exposition of the
state of this parish, which, though worth 1,0001. a-
r, ear, cinnot secure a resident incumbent for its
16,000 inhabitants, is however too large a matter to
be given at the tail of an article. So it must keep
far another occasion. Baugh foe to day, if we have
=feasted the wanes with which the Dean and
Chapter have meted out to Mr. WHISTON, with the
measure with which they have meted to themselves,
their sons, and brethren.