The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-28 00:00:00

and other eminent engineers make high-pressure 1
boilers frequently, but they never explode. We re-
peat, therefore, that it is only when constructed with
groat skill by scientific constructors that steam high- ,
pressure boilers are worthy of confidence—in all
other hands they are extremely dangerous. As a
measure of precaution, therefore, it would be not
inexpedient that the name of the maker of the boiler
and the maker of the engine should be as conspi-
cuously. painted on the paddle-boxes of every steamer
as it is on the barrel of every locomotive. In the
hands of a good maker, high and low pressure boilers
may be regarded as pretty nearly equally safe.
The management of such engines is a more difficult
point. The boats must in all cases, with all boilers,
be skilfully engineered; and, if skilfully, then expen-
sively, otherw:se the best original construction will
bo of no avail. Now we have some difficulty in see-
ing how anything but the stern infliction of heavy
damages on proprietors in case of accident can insure
the daily steady inspection and employment of effi-
cient intelligent men. The altered law is the best
guarantee for the improvement of this department
of steam-boat affairs.
Finally, there is a source of public danger in the
malconstruction of the bones: themselves, as well as
the engines and boilers. This does not seem to have
been attended to in the ease of the trial on the Cricket
accident. A steam-boat may be, and often is, so
" crank" or " tender," that with a full deck-load
cannot stand upright. This is a source of danger, not
only in itself as an immediate canoe of danger in a
crowded boat, but also as tending to uncover the hot
metal of the boilers, and so cause explosion of the
worst kind, either in high or low pressure.
It appears, from the very excellent, moderate,
and scientific evidence of Mr. LLOYD, the Ad-
miralty engineer, that the boilers of the Cricket
were not of the best form for high pressure,
but had a flat surface insufficiently stayed. It
appears, from the same evidence, that the mate-
rial and workmanship were. not the best pos-
sible fur the purpose. It further appears, that the
party who had made the boilers, under the direction
of JOYCE, the maker of the engines, had never before
made marine high-pressure boilers. Neither did it
appear that the maker of the engines had as ade-
quate scientific knowledge of the nature of the action
to which such a boiler was exposed. It therefore is
an inevitable inference, from that evidence, that the
original construction was not the best possible, or
really scientific and practical. The inference there-
fore would be, that boilers of this class, made under
the same direction, were not more scientifically
planned, although it is to be hoped they may be
better managed.
Another point deserving of attention in the original
construction is the kind of engine. We can hardly
enter into the matter minutely. enough here to show
that the very nature of the engine itself offers a temp-
tation to incur danger. The engine can only work
well and go fast, with economy, when the steam is
pressed very high. One of the engineers in his evi-
dence stated the fact, when he said he knew thesteam
must be pressed high, from the circumstance of the
engine going so fast. It is a peculiarity of this kind
of engine, that the pressure of the steam must be at a
certain height before the engine will work even tole-
rably ; and that it must be very high before the en-
gine will work very fast. In other boats which have
the ordinary engine there is no such imperative de-
mand of high pressure for efficiency. This point,
however, does not appear to have come out sufficiently
strong in the evidence.
The construction of engine and kind of boiler used
in the Cricket, is different from that in common use,
and is more dangerous. This. it is of importance to
know fur the future. As regards the past, however,
it is enough to know that the engineer was in the
practice of tying down the valves of the boiler, which
is much the same operation as pulling the trigger of
a loaded bomb, and by which any boiler of any con-
struction might any day be blown up under the feet
of the passenger public.

The French semi-official journal, the Journal des
lnats, has an important article on Sunday, respecting
the anxious wishes of the French government, that
the Italians would keep within the bounds of mode-
ration, but at the same time stating, not only that M.
Guizot hes been engaged in diplomatic efforts in be-
half of the Italians, but that several thousands of mus-
kets had been despatched to arm the national guard
of Rome! The Journal des Di;bats recapitulates
what it demands for the Roman population, being the
same that was demanded by the great powers in their
memorandum to the Pope, of the 21st of May, 1831.
In that memorandum, France, Austria, Prussia, and
Russia demanded four things.
Ist, administrative and judicial reforms in the
capital and provinces ; 2nd, admission of laymen to
all offices ; 3rd, the establishment of elective munici-
palities and provincial councils, from which, 4thly,l
a central council of administrators was to be formed
in the capital to examine the finances of the state.
It is evident from this that M. Guizot is in perfect
harmony with Prince Metternich and Count weal-'IN
rode as to the degree of liberty to be allowed to the
Italians. All now required of France is a Coletti or
a Narvaez to administer such a system.
The arrival of the French ship of war, Antelope, at
Civita Vecchia, and the visit paid the officers by the
prelate governor of the town, are described at length
m the SJinaphore de Marseilles, by one of the officers
of that vessel. The account begins in the following
characteristic manner : "The French flag had scarcely
waved in tho harbour of Civita Vecchia, than the
rumour had spread as far as Rome, and such an im-
portance was attached to the arrival of the Antelope,
that the Roman people thought they saw the eye of
Franco watching over its threatened independence."
The news of the death et M. Colette (which we
announced some days since), arrived officially at
the hotel of Foreign Affairs on Saturclay,in a despatch
from M. Piseatory to M. Guizot, of which the iollow-
log is a translation :
Sir,—After a struggle of font teen days, the most trying that
a strong constitution end a firm mind could support against
a malady for which there is no remedy, M. Coleus is expiring.
This day will perhaps see the endof his sufferings and life. For
him who will have witnessed his last moments the close of his
life will form a part of the glory of this good and great citizen.
His fortitude and calmness have not forsakes him for an in.
slant. The moment he was seized with the fall illness, he
debated the question of its issue, and declared it to be incura-
ble, and though convinced of the inefficacy of the proposed
remedy, he accepted it from the hands or his friends. The
King came to visit him every day ; his Majesty was desirous
of asking a lest counsel of the man whose loss he will se-
verely feel. Yesterday, struggling to conceal his tears, the
Kine endeavoured to converse with him fur the last time.
M. Coletti requested my attendance to assist him in sitting
up in his bed ; but his strength was already decreasing, and
Wang the hand of the King, SUS," said he, " I had a great
deal to say to your Majesty, but now I cannot. God will, per-
haps, allow me to be strong enough to do so to-morrow."
"Aridi to you, alio, my dear friend," said he to me afti the
departure of the King, " I have much to say, but it is im-
possible. Thank your King, your Queen, for the goodases
they have ever honoured me with. Speak of me to my
friends in France. Bid farewell for me to M. Guizot, M. de
Broglie, and M. Eynard. Till the last moment, to the best
of my endeavours, I have followed their advice. I Una
they are satisfied with me. The King has just told me that
every one, soy enemies and my friends, have taken an in-
terest in my state. That thought affords me pleasure; bat
my work is not completed. If I could have begun it twelve
years since, I should this day die in peace. I can speak se
more ; lay rue down again. I should like to go to sleep."
Since then, the momenta of calm and the attacks of guffaw
tine succeed eazh other rapidly. In short intervals ef
delirium he is heard to repeat the songs of his youth. Tea
months ago your excellency told me it was not yet time foe
M. Coletti to go and join the battalion of Plutarch. God
has judged otherwise.
The French government have given permission to
Prince Jerome Bonaparte and his family to reside in
France. It will be recollected that this question was
brought before the chamber by means of a petition
last session, and that public opinion was rather
strongly expressed upon it. The present concession
to the Bonaparte family is the consequence. Tho
son of Prince Jerome is now, as we have already
announced, in Paris, and the Prince himself is ex-
pected.
M. Bacourt, who has been some time since ap-
pointed to succeed the Duke of Gluckaberg at Madrid,
has not yet departed, and, as we are assured, will not
do so until the present precarious situation of affairs
shall have come to some issue. Much is expected
from the long experience and skill of this diplomatist,
who is, in fact, a pupil of Talleyrand. Louis
Philippe relies largely on him to counteract the exer-
tions of Mr. Bulwer, and he will be retained at Paris
until things at Madrid shall assume the phase which
*hall appear most favourable for his intervention.
The public opinion in France on the appointment
of the bake d Aamale ' -ice of Governor-
General of Algeria -
that of the twenty
an Pari•., there i.

the measure. Of course, the exceptional paper is the
organ of the court and the cabinet.
The King and royal family returned from Com-
pi4no to St. Cloud on Saturday.

The journals and despatches of the 21st, from
Madrid, render it sufficiently evident that the existing
cabinet has neither coherence nor stability, and that
another ministerial change is at hand. Intrigue is of
course active where nothing but intrigue governs the
movements of parties. Individual caprice plays so
prominent a part in the drama that no sagacity can
foresee the (I,nouement. One of the reports which
has arrived from a well-informed quarter is to the
effect that a reconciliation is attempted to be effected
between Narvaez, Serrano, and Salamanca, with a
view to the formation of a moderado cabinet. Secret
conferences had taken place on the 18th and 19th
between Narvaez and Serrano, at the express desire
of the latter, with the view to the formation of a
cabinet which would receive the support of the
moderado party before the assembling of the cortes.
Generals Cordova and Roe do Olano were reported
to be favourable to this project.
The success of Mr. Bulwer's diplomacy has pro-
voked the wrath of the Afrancesados and moderados
beyond all the bounds of discretion. Ths Heraldo
complains of his übiquity:
If we repair to the Circus, we see Mr. Bulwer, go-
ing from but to box, interrupting political conversa-
tions, and speaking to such and such an influential per-
sonage. If we go to the ministries, we again meet the eternal
Mr. Bulwer, entering the cabinet:of a minister, with whom
ho can have no affair whatever, reiterate his visits, and affect
that air of superiority so highly disagreeable to the Spaniard.
There is not a house belonging to an influential person in
which he is not seen five or six times a day; there is not a
minister or a notability who does not receive from him reve-
lations, news, or advice ; in abort, Mr. Bulwer is everywhere,
as if he had the gift of übiquity, or could multiply himself to
infinity!

The reports which we gave yesterday on the autho-
rity of the Nourelliste, a Marseilles journal, casting
some suspicion on the sincerity and good faith of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany, prove to have been without
any good foundation. Letters of more recent date
have brought the gratifying assurance that the same
good understanding as has hitherto prevailed between
the Duke and his subjects has been maintained, and
no serious cause of difference has existed. The regu-
lations proposed for the organisation of the national
guard, which seemed likely to bo unacceptable, were
voluntarily withdrawn, and that body is to be esta-
blished in Tuscany on the same footing as in the pon-
tifical states.
The same obstructions to the transmission of intel-
ligence to or from the Neapolitan states continue to
be interposed by the government. Even private in-
dividuals at Naples fear to write, being aware that
their letters will be opened and read at the post-office.
We are, therefore, compelled to draw our information
either from the oral reports of travellers, or from let-
ters privately brought by them. A passenger, arrived
at Marseilles by the post-office steamer lthamses,
reports that, in passing the straits of Messina, a can-
nonade was distinctly heard in the direction of Reggio.
A person entitled to confidence, who has arrived
directly from Bari, reports that the insurgents of the
Calabrias had taken prisoners a strong detachment of
the royal troops, commanded by a colonel, and that
Lecce had declared for the insurrection.
At Genoa the popular demonstrations had been
suspended in compliance with the orders of the
government. There was still, however, a confidence
in the progress of reform ; and the position assa:ned
by Charles Albert in relation to Rome satisfied the
public and maintained tranquillity.
The Netremburg Correspondent of the 22nd gives
wider the date of Vienna, 18th instant, the armour:ce-
ment that the Ferrara question is in fact terminated,
for that a dysentery has broken out among the troops
in that garrison, which has compelled the commander
to discontinue the posts at the city gates for want of
men. Thus it is Implied that the troops will now be
limited to the occupation of the citadel; and the stotu
quo previously to the present dispute will be re-
established, and nothing will prevent the remain-
ing points of difference from being arranged
diplomatically.
-We gave yesterday from the Nuremberg Corre-
spondent some comments proceeding. indirectly from
the government of Vienna, on the existing difference
between the imperial and pontifical courts. We are
now enabled to give textually the diplomatic note de-
livered by Count Lutzow to the cabinet of the Vatican
on Sept. 1 :
The undersigned, &c., &c., having transmitted to his court
the notice his Eminence the Cardinal Ferretti, secretary of
state to his holiness, had done him the honour to address to
him, a protestation against the measures of military service
adopted in the fortress of Ferrara by Lieut:Gcneral Count
Aueriperg, commanding the imperial troops which form its
garrison, has received orders from his court to scud the ((A-
toning reply to the cabinet of the Vatican The set of the
congress of Vienna, article 103, gives to kits Imperial and
Royal Majesty the right of garrison in the fortresses (polices)
of Ferrara and Comachio. This expressiou of fortress
(place) leaves no doubt as to the right allowed H.I.M.
The town of Ferrara is surrounded by a fortified wall,
which is contiguous to the works of the citadel. The enscniVe
of these precincts and the citadel form what is called the
fortress (place) of Ferrara. Now, it is the right of garrison in
the fortress (place) which has been granted to Austria. The
court of Rome has never had the least title to contest this,
nor to prettied that this right was merely applicable to the
citadel; this reitriction is impossible, in the fact. Besides
which, if the intentions of the congress had been to this
effect, the term in the article quoted would have been
cantle!, and not the fortress (place), for every one knows the
difference which exists between these two expressions. The
occupation of this fortress having never had, and on account
of the devotedness the Austrian court bears the Holy Sec
never being likely to have, any other character than that of a
prudent defentiie, the orders given to all Austrian com-
manded have always been to limit the application
of the military rules imposed on every garrison what-
ever to the immediate environs of the parts occupied by the
imperial troops. The following passage., extracted from the
notice of his Eminence the Cardinal Secretary of State, of
the 9th August, 1847, is itself a proof of the above. (Here
follows a pamage in Italian.) It is in the interest of in.
Roman government, as well as in that of the imperial court,
and of the population of Ferrara itself, that the military ser-
vice of this town should be observed with order and regu-
larity. The danger to which the promoters of toe disturbance
have exposed Capt. Jankowich, and from which he was re-
lieved by the sole possibility of his having been able to find a
petrol to protect him, is a proof that tke service of patrols,
prescribed by military rules, is necessary for the maintenance
of public order. The Emperor, unable to consider the pro-
testation made by the Cardinal Legate, at Ferrari, founded
on a right—finding, on the contrary, in the manifesta-
tions which have recently taken place at Ferrara still
greater motives for the strict observance of the rules of pru-
dence it is the duty of the garrison to observe in its interest,
as well ss in that of the inhabitants—requests the undersigned
to inform his Eminence the Cardinal Secretary of State
that the Marshal Count IL:MAL commander-general of*,
troops of H. I. and R. M. in the kingdom of Lombardy, has
received orders to maintain the garroein of Ferrara in the
riehts which appertain to it, and the execution of which I.
moreover, become militarily indispensable to its safety. If
the imperial court, which would desire to keep up with
the court of Rome that friendly intercourse so neces-
sary to the prosperity of the two states, deplores the
ground of this question, the cabinet of Vienna cannot,
on the other hand, but regret the unusual form
in which his Eminence the Cardinal Legate has drawn up
his protestation. It is not before a notary that the affairs of
governments can be treated in a dignified and careful man-
ner. The cabinet of Vienna must, then, guard against the
adoption of such a form. Relative to the communication
sent to the diplomatic body at the Holy See, rho undersigned
is requested to make known to his Eminence, the Cardinal
Secretary of State, that he places the cabinet of Vienna under
• the necessity of communicating to such cabinets as it may cone
oeral the act of protestation addressed to it, and the answer
made to this said protestation. The undersignedi&e.
(Signed) LUTZONI.

ROME, SErv. 20.
No political event has taken place hero which
would warrant my intrusion on your columns. The
Ferrara question is not yet solved, and the Pope is
firm : eracuanda est Ferrara 9 is his Catonian reply
to all the finessing of diplomacy. You must know
that in the official latin copy of the treaty of Vienna
the word place, which is vague and undefined, is
rendered by the very stringent and circumscribed
term Arx (citadel). Now, in the topological work of
Baudrand, current in Italy, the town is thus distin-
gnished from the citadel : Ferrara orbs amplissima
areens habet priemunitam. The walla of the town
have been long since dismantled, and the fortress,
which alone is alluded to in the treaty, was a distinct
substitute, created by Urban VIII. (Barberini), in
1629. So true is this, that the circumfereaceofcld foams
and broken down ramparts is farmed out by the
municipality to cattle graziers and vegetable growers,
and the Austrian commandant of the citadel, wishing
for a portion in which to exercise his troops, had to
pay rent fur it, and paid it last year; while he takes
rent for the grazing of his own ditches and earth-
works round the fortress. Can anything be more
conclusive P I apprehend old Metternich will be
.

haughty bearing of the modern Kaisers towards the
Popedoes
" The Austrian tramples where the Sudden imelt."
Childe Herold, canto iv. at. 12.
A new club has been organised here. All other
classes had their casino, and the priests resolved on
setting up one for themselves. The mathematical
Padre MIAMBIII opened his house pro tem., and the
sacerdotal dab promises to be one of the most social
and useful of these important adjuncts of civilisation.
The French papers will have given their own ver-
sion of a piece of tomfoolery in which Lucien Buena-
parte led the van a few days ago, in front of the Tuscan
envoy's house. Nothing more ill-judged or more
offensive than this affair has taken place this year.
Lucien, you are aware, is eminent in zoology, but in
person short and pot-bellied, with a bushy black beard
--an Italian Falstaff; and being the earliest occupant
here of a complete suit of regimentals (including the
iron helmet) was to be seen everywhere in full
fig, and probably slept " accoutred as ho was."
At nightfall he paraded the Corso with two others
equally, snipworthy, and these three " Tooley-street
tailors" (one of whom was an Englishman, and had
a character to imperil by such exhibition) raised a
mob of idlers as they got along, and the prince having
purchased a lot of torches, they marched, about sixty
in number, in a row (one deep) to the Florentine em-
bassy. Here, by shouts, they forced the resident to
exhibit himself, and Lucien took it on himself to ha-
rangue the official in bombastic terms, approving of
his master's decree about national guards, &c. &c.
' Thence they proceeded to the Sardinian minister's
to repeat the farce, but stopped on their way to groan
the Austrian representative (who lives next door to
the headquarters of Loyola), mingling their shouts
with cries of " Long live Gioberti, and down with the
Jesuita!"
It is needless to tell you that the doings of these
self-elected representatives of Rome have been the
cause of much pain to Pius IX., struggling and
striving with all the difficulties of his present position,
to be thus compromised by such champions of mis-
rule. The zoological mountebank started next morn-
ing for Leghorn, where he kicked up a similar row,
and was near being put in prison, saved by respect
for the dress he wore, and which he next exhibited in
' Florence, Bologna, and Ferrara, where his intem-
perate harangues did much injury to the cause. He
next appeared in Venice,
And wore that day the arms which still he wears.
But he will not wear them long; for orders have been
lamed to discontinue his practice of going about in
that costume, and a proclamation is now posted on
the walls everywhere disapproving of the late pranks
of Prince Lucien, and announcing that the parties
who thus acted would be brought to trial for making
free with the "public" name and taking liberties
with "public" tranquillity. Cardinal Ferretti has
written to him to say that he must return in decent
attire, and stand in the dock with the two other cul-
prits who originated the "demonstration."
The day before he left us he went into the Care of
the Belle Arti, which was crowded; and in the course I
of a violent harangue against Austria turned upon
some sober German painters who were calmly in-
haling their meershaums, and who contemptuously
replied by a pull' of smoke quite equivalent to his
rhodomontaden. The portraits of Pius IX. and Abbe
Giobeti have been recently placed conspicuously in
that local, and crowned with garlands.
Count Rossi is openly allied in diplomacy, with
Austria, and is harping on the pueriiitics of red tape
propriety, which Ferretti pretence to scorn. The
French envoy, like his superior, Guizot, was a school-
master, and retains all the pedantic solemnity of the
class : a " barring out" among the boys is to them
something awfully wrong. Dionysime the tyrant of
Sicily, only lapsed into his original element when he
took up the trade of a pedagogue.
Captain Lopez (of ours) writes from Paris, in the
Bilancer, of the 17th, that he has purchased from Bel-
gian houses 2,1,000 muskets (percussion model), two
inches shorter than used by the line, but light as
those of the dragoons.
News has reached Rome from England that the
Roman catholic clergy of the northern district have
unanimously adopted a petition for the reform of the
present anomalous condition of their body, consequent
on the absence of canon law and they orer their ad-
hesion to any measure Pins IX. may adopt for regu-
lating the unsettled position of the vicars in dealing
with the priesthood. There is now sitting a special
commission, de rebus ltrittannicis, of which Moneig.
Baruabo, an official of Propaganda, acts as secretary:
to him all communications may be safely addressed.
I was in error when I stated that Dr. Wiseman
put in writing anything about the Irish clergy. That
prelate's opinion reached Propaganda through an
Irish channel in the form of complaint, the words
pro sy!erstrihus et ayrestibus having been used by
him in conversation with Professor Parsee] ia,
who repeated them to the Reverend Doctor
Format, priest of the diocese of Cloyne and Ross.
Dr. Wiseman is sure to correct this blunder. Ile
never either in writing or in conversations w,th par-
sons in authority, broached the inibject ; but he has
been while at Rome perhaps too communicative on
this and other topics, among persons not in authority.
Discretion in speech is an important gift.
team hoe maocror, et dotco UM dome Terentl.
Some MS. poems in the ologmph of Fru Savona-
rola, have been discovered in Florence. A specimen
is given in last Cotemporaneo, and breathes the ardent
piety of that truly great enthusiast, in language
worthy of Tetrarch or Ariosto.

MADRID, SEPT. 21.
The ministry having reached that state of paralysis
and complete impotence which is the certain result of hetero-
geneous composition in epochs of fierce party conflict, its
dissolution may be predicted as not far off. Already the
papers abound with announcements of a ministerial crisis.
The Popular of last night informs us that Salamanca is to
make way. for the Conde de Walla, and that the Duke of
Valencia is to take the presidency. The liberals, who have
folded their arms for the last fortnight in a neutral, ex-
pectant attitude, give note that the truce they promised is
expired ; and the Prcnsa has already opened fire. Mean-
while the great commercial reforms projected by Senor Sala-
manca have dwindled into decrees regulating the duties to
be paid upon the beech fungus of which tinder is made, and
of a certain kind of paper used in pin manufactories. The
former,nodoubtia an interesting economical question to the less
wealthy class of smokers ; and the latter appears to be a con-
cession in favour of a pinmaker at Bilboa, whose efforts to
establish this class of native industry deserves, says the
Minister of Finance in his grave preamble, the encourage-
ment of the government. The activity of the other de-
partments of administration corresponds to this sample.
This is the ridiculus MU with a vengeance ! The question
of the dissolution of the cartes still concentrates public atten-
tion. The Ileraldo compares, not inaptly, the tactics of the
ministry in menacing the moderados with this measure to
the musket of Oink do Pasamonte, which he- kept pointing
at the different satellites of the Santa Hermandad without
firing it off, because he knew that after discharging his
piece, he would lie at their mercy. The same paper charges
the ministry not to commit a party suicide by dissolving the
tortes at a moment when the moderados would be split into
two parties of supporters and opposers of the present govern-
ment ; but rather, if they persist in excluding Hareem to
hand over their places to the progresistas, and to leave to
them the task of a dissolution, when union would bo re-
stored among moderados of all shades, and the triumph of
the latter he certain.
The victorious march of Abd-el-Kader in Morocco, and
the report which prevail, concerning the intention of France
to oppose an armed intervention to the progress of the emir,
hare turned up a now subject of diplomatic interest, which
is regarded here with scything but indiff, realm,. The
Spanish liberals would applaud to the very echo a strenuous
resistance, on the pat of England, to the contemplated in-
terference of French arms. In fact, all the interests of
Spain, as well as what remains of her independence, are
strongly opposed to the extension of French dominion in
Africa, ao es to absorb Morocco. I transcribe the following
poesago from the Ike of to-day with regard to this subject
—" What the Spanish government ought immediately to
have done, was to send an able commissicner to MA-el-
Keder • to take possession immediately of our Campo de
Melilla, restoring the old forts which at present serve as
quarters to the Moors; to obtain guarantees for the pacific
re-establishment of theleity of Velez do la Camera; to
regulate the relations of Alhucema with the neigh-
bouring ;frontier ; to secure the extension of the
radius of Ceuta, as settled by General ilatran,
and to form the establishment of the Chafarinos re-
commended by former Cortes, thus ridding our ports of
galley slaves. These ought immediately to be deel.red free
ports, as the Cortes were of opinion in 1820; and thus, from
penal stations, they would b., converted into mercantile
emporia. There arc Spani-h officers with Abd-el-Kader who
could serve as mediators in this negotiation."
In Catalonia, the column of (311111411(n had rather a severe
action, between Canoves and Morata, on the 15th, with the
band of rebels commanded by Vilelle, ansountinz to 500 men
on foot, and 15 horse. The Carlists lest 12 killed, and 26
wounded. On the side of the troops 3 were killed, one bang
an officer, Don ()noire Rich°.
Despatches received by tho government from Balm& re-
present the hand of insurgents which has appeared in the
vale of Camas& as not animating to moro than 10 or 12
persons.
Addresses expressirg gratitude to the Queen for tho late
continue

The Herelrk gives the following impartial sketch of the
views of England in Spain :—" Espartero, as all the Eng-
lish papers say, will have to place himself at the front of the
nation, and in this pest, with whatever title, he is to con-
voke a tortes that will satisfy. the desires of England, and
exclude the Infanta front the secession. Bu' this is not
enough ; the last traces of the actual reigning family must
be swept away ; the dyna4y must be destroyed ; an inex-
tinguishable hatred must be lit up between two patine'
planted so near each other. This is the mission with which
klontemolin is charged. The destruction of the moderados
has iwg been accomplished, the Carlist.progresista hosts
triumphing, a contention is to be excited between the two
latter parties, in whichl,the throne of Isabel 11. will probably
disappear. If it does not disappear, means will not be
wanting to annihilate it. The divorce having been imposed,
either a prince submitted to England will be sought out for
consort, changing with this simple fact the dynasty, and
souring for ever the English influence in Spain, or a desire
will be manifested to seat Montem din on the throne treide
the Quite, and then it is easy to foresee the feelings that will
set Spanish parties against each other, and the terrible reac-
tion which is preparing for es under the command of Ca-
brera and his associates. These will he the preliminaries; the
definitive blow will be to unite us to Portugal, under Eng-
lish protection, and to mice upon one of our rich colonies by
way of indemnification."
I will not cccupy your columns with answering such
absurd statements; but they deserve notice, as showing the
light in which English diplomacy is exhibited by the
Afrancesach s.
Orders have bcen despatched to Mendez Vigo, Captain-
General of Madrid, to present himself in tke capital, and
take possession of his command.
General D. Simon Latorro arrived in Madrid on Saturday,
to receive, it is said, an important mission tram the govern-
ment.
General Conchs. has published an address to the Catalans,
exhorting them to he quiet, and reassuring the marnifac-
turing interest concerning the intentions of the government,
which were never more in their favour. The Captain-
General soon after his arrival read to the principal in-
habitants of Barcelona a letter which he had received con-
taining the strongest assurances upon this subject. He also
slid that it was the intention of the government to establish
four steamers on the coast to prevent smuggling, the civil
disorders preventing the effectiveness of the bodies of care-
biniers upon the coast.
4 have heard nothing more concerning the order of the
government to keep Espartero out of Spain ' • but it has not
been contradicted by the Cur ceo. lam told that the wife of
General Concha has received a letter from the Duchess of
Victoria, who is her sister, saying that never with her con-
sent shall Espartero come to Madrid, and that if they return
to Spain they will reside in Logrono.
The Infante Don Francisco de Paula was expected at Bur-
gos on the 17th.
The Duke of Sesa,:with his wife, the Infanta Donna Luisa
Teresa, arrived on Thursday from France. After paying
their respects to the Queen, they visited the King at the
Pardo.

FRANCE.—PArtis, SEPT. 26.—Ann-EL-KADER.
—The Perla journal La Presse gives the following letter
from Gibraltar, Sept. 15, in reference to Abd-el-Kader
" Hen Abbou, the former governor of the king, hes at last
left Gibraltar to return to Tangiers. Ile embarked on board
the English steamer the Virar,o, which the governor of this
town, Sir Robert Wilson, had placed at his disposal. Till
the hit day, Ben Abbou was the objector themost assiduous
attention and delicate complaisance from the authorities of
Gibraltar. When he got on board, the governor of the Riff'
received a salute of 21 guns, and the Morocco flag was hoisted
on the mainmast of the Virago. The garrison of Gibraltar
was under arms, and Sir Robert Wilson conduce:l(l:d to
accompany Ben Abbou to Targiers, to the inconceivable to.
tonishment of his countrymen, and of the lktoors themselves,
who, despite their excessive vanity, never dreamt such
honours could be paid to one of their csi '1 Prince
Demidoff, then at Gibraltar, desirous of visiting Tangiers,
took his passage with his suite on board the English packet.
The interview which took place at Melilla, between
Abd-el-Rader and the governor of this place, and which
has been diversely commented on by the Spanish journals,
is a matter of great reflection for Sir Robert Wilson. It is
through Melilla the secret agents of Abil-el Kader now trust
they will be able to keep up free intercourse with the ex-
Emir. Some days ago the Jew Ahensour, a. native of Tetuan,
and one of the boldest agents of Abd-el-Kader, left Gibraltar
for Melilla, accompanied by Mr. Saint-Leger, formerly pri-
vate secretary of the consul-general of England at Tangiers.
Mr. Saint-Leger intends, it is sold, to go and offer his ser-
vices to Abd-el-Kader, and to attach himself to his person.
At the moment the affairs of Morocco become every day
more interesting, England is not sorry to have in the Riff a
trustworthy emissary, who will give her speedy information
of every important event which may occur in this province.
Mr. Stint Leger is a told adventurer, who will inevitably
succeed in the mission he has accepted, or rather taken upon
himself. A Portuguese schooner has just arrived from
Rale .t, bringing interesting news from Fezand, the Emperor's
camp. Muley Abi-er-Rahmsn seems exclusively occupied
in despoiling his unfortunate subjects. He organises razzias
on his own territory ; he takes prisoners, cuts off heads, ears,
and noses, to the great applause of his negro soldiers, the
most ferocious men in his empire; be levies tributes, empties
the silos of the tribes, and allows their resideaees to be ran-
sacked. When his troops get possession of a village which
has had the misfortune of granting an asylum to some rebels,
the village is set on fire, the inhabitants massacred, the
houses are demolished, in order to discover the mysterious
hiding-places in which it is supposed the vanquished have
bidden their treasure ; and, on emptying sundry wells, se-
veral caskets have been (nine, coutaieing doubloons and
Spanish piastres. Such discoveries have served to excite the
ardent, ignoble cupidity both of the emperor and his sot.
diem, who continue to abandon themselves to the most re-
volting excesses.-Muley Abd-mellaliman leads in his suite an
army of 60,000 men, almost entinly composed of cavalry.
Sidi-Mohammed, the eldest son of the emperor, is still
within the walls of his capital ; he has, however, sent out
kis troops to Taco, in order to oppose the movements of
Abd-el-Kader, who, notwithstanding tho Ramadan, has
drawn nearer to Fes. Sidi-Mohammed following the example
of his father, and in the hope of spreading terror among the
partisans of the ex•emir, causes numerous executions to take
place every day, and seeds the heads of his victims laden on
camels to his father. These hideous trophies are crossed at
Rabat by those Miley Abl-er-Rahman sends himself to Fez.
It is easy to conceive the consternation of the subjects of
Morocco, who each day see, passing before their eyes, strings
of ears, and heaps of salted heads and hands. 1 his horrid
spectacle produces the effect desired by Muley Abd-er-Ital-
man and his son ; the totality of the Moorish population is
struck with terror. A courier jest arriving from Tangiers,
says an engagement has taken place between the troops of
Abd-el-Kader and those of the emperor. Abd-el.Kader, it
is said, has met with a signal defeat, and was obliged to take
safety in flight."
THE DCKE D'AUMALE.—The following notice of
the past career of the Duke d'Aumale is given by one of the
Pans ministerial journals: "At the moment when the
Duke d'Anmale is on the point of setting out for Africa,
we deem it useful to briefly state the numerous services
which the prince has rendered to our Algerian possessions,
whether as general or as administrator. It was in 1840 that
the Duke d'Aumale for the first time paid his tribute of ser-
vice in Africa. He was then 18 years of age. Placed
under his illustrious brother the Duke of Orleans, he
charged the enemy fir the first time on April 27, at the
head of the first regiment of African Chasseurs. He re-
pulsed the Arabs, and drove them in contusion into the val-
ley of Bon-Roumi. lie particularly distinguished himself at
the attack of the bill of Teniah. After having given his
horse to Col. Gueswiller, who could not follow the move-
ments of the troops, he rushed forward at the bead of the
grenadiers, and carried amongst the first the formidable po-
sition disputed by the Arabs. On May 23 he wu mentioned
in the order of the day. In the month of March following
(1810, the duke arrived in Algeria with the grade of Lieut.-
Colonel of the 21th regiment of the line. He distinguished
himself on the days of Milianah and the Chelif. It was the
first time that this river was crossed by our troops. On
April 12 and May 18 the prince was mentioaed in Marshal
Bugeand's reports. Soon after, he took pert in a more im-
portant expedition in the south of Algeris, and shared in all
the fatigues of that laborious campaign. la 1842, the Duke
d'Atunalo returned to Algiers, where he arrived on Nov. 19.
His royal highness came to assume the command of Me-
deah. The expedition of the Ouarensenis was
the prince took the command of the infantry in the right
column, placed under the orders of the governor-general.
After that campaign, which was attended with the happiest
results, he was charged to take back to Algiers a part of the
troops. The governor-general named him in honourable
terms in hie report of Dec. 30, 1842. In the beginning of the
following year,the Duke cl Aurnale received orders to proceed
to the south-west of Medeah. After a forced night march,
he seized on the Kuzma of Ben-Allel-Embareck, Kalifak of
Abctel.Ksder. In the month of March be scoured the pro-
vince of Sebsou. The cold decimated the men, 14 of whom
died on a single night; yet, notwithstanding the severity of
the weather, the prince had a brilliant engagement with the
Arabs. This was a prelude to the capture of the Smalah,
which took place the 16th of May following. The prince they
went back to France, but soon returned to Africa, where he
arrived ou Nov. 20 of the same year, with the rank of lieut.-
general. In the beginning of 1841, the Duke tonic part he
the expedition of Biscara. The campaign lasted four months.
' Here, as at Memouche, said the Journal of Algeria of
March 16, 1144, ' our young general heard the balls
whistling about his ease. His horse was wounded twice,
and several non-commissioned officers and chasseurs were
killed or wounded at his side.' On May 18, the prince
entered Biecara. Such are the military services of the duke
in Africa, but ho also made himself remarkable for his apti-
tude for business. In the administration of Constantine,
the most important province in Algeria, be evinced a very
decided talent for government, and no one has compre-
hended better than he the relations which euett to exist
between the French government and the natives. These
are most favourable antecedents, and good guarantees
for the useful exercise of the new lament.= confided to
the duke."
FREDERICK SoCLIE.—On Saturday the remains of
H. Frederic Seethe were trinstsorted from Biivro to
Paris. On Mondsy, the 27th, the funeral ceremony uses to
take place in the church of St. Elisabeth, rue du Temple.
The committee of the Society of Men of Letters named a
deputation to attend the funeral service. M. Salvandy was
requested to sneak in the name of the Society or Men of Let-
ters, and M. Victor Hugo in the name of the Dramatic Asso-
ciation.
TERRIBLE ACCIDENT.—A most unfortunate event,
a real catastrophe, has rendered memorable the pastoral fes-
tival of Saint Ferreol, which was celebrated at Cent
(Pyres:ties Orientates), en Sunday, 10th inst. A part of the
circa., erected for the bull race, fell in under the weight of

foldiuff, *NNW Sillridnets of the currida, fell in with a
most dreadful crash, for an extent of from twenty-five to
thirty metres. Groan., sobs, the horrid screams of the
injured, of the dying, of mothers running to the
assistance of their children, of persons bewailing the
loss of their relatives, brothers and sisters, and children,
rent the air. The unfortunate people were conveyed to the
hospital, where several physicians bestowed upon them all
the relief their art could afford ; but this hospital is really
not an hospital—no linen, no lint ! Fortunately, the civil
authorities hastened to procure for the sufferers the things
most indispensable to their relief.
BELGIUM.—BaUstIELS, SEPT. 25.—Tne PENI-
TENTIARY CONGRESS AT BETSSELS.—The managing com-
mittee for the measles of 1848 assembled yesterday, the 21th
inst., in order to make arrangements fur the next congress.
The committee was formed of the following gentlemen :
Lieut.-Col. Jebb, Dr. Vatrentrap, Dr. Julius, and Messieurs.
de Baumhauer, Le Chevalier, Retch, David, de Lohm:yer,
Swinger, Sumner, Moreau-Chrisiophe, Mira, Huron.
Rooms, Bach, Vleminckz, Sauveur, Vasschers, Roussel,
add Van Ilorrebekke. M. Van Meenen acted as chairman
an IM. Ducpetiaux as secretary. It was decided, aftersome
discussion, that the order of the day for the following cou-
grew should be the following : —l. Continuation of the dis-
miss on the organisation of the personnel of pri-
ma administration. 2. Control, superintendence. and
visits. 3. Physical regimen. 4. Employment. 5. Educa-
tion and instruction. 6. Disciplinary regimen (punish-
ments and rewards). 7. Patronising societies for liberated
eillemders. 8. Agricultural colonies. 0. Influence of the
tiary system on penal legislation. M. Vie rs che
Leaded up te the president the following proposition :
" The Penitentiary Congress considering that, on account of
the numerous questions to be treated in its seseions, it is im-
ible to discuss all even successively; considering also that
by means of the organisation of special committees
e examination of questions of a different order may
be simultaneously begun, the solution of them prepared,
and thus the debates of the general assemblies abridged,
decrees.—First, that independently of the general assem-
blies, the members of the Penitentiary Congress 'hall meet,
during the sessions, in special committees, in order to pre-
viously examine the questions for the order of the day; that
the committee shall prepare the text of the resolutions on
which the general assemblies shall be called to deliberate;
and that the decisions shall be arrived at only in general
meetings. 2nd. Provisionally, the congress shall be divided
into five committees, having for object—the first, the discus-
sion of the construction and materials of prisons, and the
personnel of the agents ; the second, the economical regi-
men, the sanitary regulations, and employmeet ; the third,
instiuction, education, and patronage; the fourth, the treat.
meet of young prisoners, including the question of apical.
tural colonies ; the fifth, penal legislation. 3rd. That
future members of the Penitentiary Congress be requested to
state to what committee they wish to belong. This propasie
lion was adopted by the committee. Tne next session is
fixed for the Ist of September, 1194 d. It will be held either
in Switzerland or Holland. The following is a tranalation
in ealenso of the resolutions respecting penal agents in
prisons—a resolution which (ns 'heeler stated in the Daily
News) was, after a very stormy discussion, drawn up in
order to meet the religious scruples of many of the members,
and which Visa all but unanimously adopted: " It is indis-
pensable that the internal services of cellular establishmentsbe
conducted by two kinds of agents, moral and natural ones.
It is advantageous to form the moral agents by a novitiate
which should give them the necessary instruction, as well as
devotedness to tneir task. To that effect the state may call
to a pert in the work of morally reforming prisoners reli-
gious associations and societies of patronage to be organised
with that end in view. For all the ordinary purpose' of life
the service of the cells shall be conducted by material agents
under due control ; the moral and religious communica-
tions of the condemned shall take place regularly with the
moral agents, entrusted at the same time with the task of ex-
ercising mild and persuasive watchfulness over the primmer'.
The necessary coercive measures shall be employed only by
the material agents. The director of the establishment shall
possess the same power over all the agents indistinctly. The
special surveillance of women shall, in all cases, be confided
to persons of their own sea.
HOLLAND.—'frIE HAGUE, SEPT. 22.—The King
arrived in this capital on the 21st, in the evening, on his
return from his visit to Germany, in perfect health. By a
royal decree Lis Majesty has fixed the 26th of this month
for a special service to be celebrated by the different religions
communions throughout the entire extent of the kingdom,
as a thanksgiving to Almighty God for the abundant harvest.
The Netherlands government had just sent to the different
Egovernments of Europe the copy of a decree issued by the
mperor of Japan, resulating the manlier in which any
Japanese who may have suffered shipwreck are to be re-
stored to their country. The note declares that the official
communication of this decree has been made in order that it
may be brought under the notice of other nations through
the intervention of the government of Holland. This act
is very remarkable, inasmuch as it constitutes the first diplo
= i tic ntercourse of Japan with Europe.
ITALY.—BOLOGNA, SEPT. 17.—The Felsinco of
Bologna published, in a supplement, the following report of
the successful interference of the civic guard in checking a
disposition to disorder manifested in that city on the 16th
and 17th. This adds one to the numerous examples which
have already been presented of the egiciency of the natioual
guard in preserving order : " On the 15th iust. a report was
spread at Bologna that a concourse of people was to assemble
that same evening before the coffee-house del Team
Grande, by invitations disseminated through the town in
the morning, but none could say from whom. This coffee-
house is frequented by young men, and it was said one of
them was to harangue those mumbled. The authorities
ordered out the civic patrols, requesting them to use every per-
suasion to induce the crowd to disperse. The evening came,
and the patrols persuaded the few persons whom
curiosity bad drawn to the spot to withdraw. There
was no harangue, but a young man said in a loud voice,
" that they hail assembled to show they had not allowtd
themselves to bo condemned to silence ; that this invitaticn
had been made with the most innocent purpose ; that they
wanted to obtain union and fraternity, in the same manner
as the citizens of Tuscany.' These words wcro intcrrapted
by the cries of ' Long life to Pim IX. !' Some persons
withdrew exclaiming, 'ls this all ?' In the upper rooms
of the coffee-house the young men disputed in warmer terms,
some for, some against, what had taken place. On the 16th
the events of the eve were generally blamed. But as it was
presumed the same would be renewed in the evening, the
young orator woe requested to remain at home, and the pa-
trols were sent their rounds to keep all in order. The
coffee-house was in fact crowded. A civic patrol entered it,
and prayed the citizens to withdraw. Some scuffling took
place, but other patrols coming up surrcunded the theatre.
A lieutenant-colonel of the civic guard spoke courteously to
the people, and prevailed on the principal group to retire.
The police shortly after interfered, and ordered the coffee-
house to be shut up. On the 17th some of the promoters
were taken into custody. The civic guard repaired in great
numbers to the different quarters of the town, but their pre-
tence was sufficient; no crowd assembled, and the military
were not obliged to interfere. The immense majority of the
citizens lent their aid to maintain public order, and assisted
the police and the military in quelling the teeing disturbance.
Such is the real state of things, which we have related in all
their particulars, that our readers may not be induced into
error by the exaggerated statements which might have been
given by foreign journels, according to their custom."
GEHNIANY.—PRUSSIA.—BERLIN, SEPT. 19.
It is stated that duziug the visit of his Majesty the King of
Prussia in Northern Italy the desire was expressed by
various parties that his Majesty would act as mediator is
the present differences between the Pope and Austria. It
is certain that, following the example of the Pope, several
princes, especially the King of Sardinia and the Duke of
Lucca, place great confidence in the King of Prussia. It
is said that his Mejesty bas declined any direct inter-
ference in the affairs of Italy. That the Prussian cabinet
takes the liveliest interesmin all that goes on in that country
cannot be doubted ; and although in this question, no on all
the other political questions of the day which concern Ger-
many, the governments of Austria and Prussia may be una-
nimous, this cannot deter the Prussian cabinet from making
good its influence in the German sense of the word through
direct relations with the Italian court.
ODERBERO, SEPT. 15.—The destructive cataracts
of water which rush from the Silesian mountains into the
Oder are now felling with great impetuosity, and have
inundated all the valleys in the neighbourhood. This is the
third inundation this rummer, independently of the high
water in the spring. The loss of the landed proprietors is
immense. In Oderberg alone, which has 5,000 acres, the
loss is estimated at 60,000 dollars, and, in the valley of the
Lower Broich, which contains above 100,000 acres, it is
considered to be more than a million.
THE POSTAL REFORM IN GERMANY.—The meeting
of the deputies from the post-offices of the different German
states, which was to have taken piece at Dresden on the 15th
of October, has been postponed. The cause of the delay of
this meeting, which has been looked forward to with so
much interest, is in consequence of the declaration of some
of the states that it will be impossible for them to furnish
their deputies with the requisite instructions, some of which
are necessarily very complex and intricate, by so early a day
as 15th October. The Ist of January, 1848, is the time fixed
for the meeting to commence.
REFOR3I IN BADE_N.—A political manifestation
of some importance took place on the 12th instant
at Offenburg, in the Grand Duchy of Baden. An as-
sembly of five or six hundred persons, presided over by the
burgomaster of the town, emitted the following desires
"That the government disengage itself from the decisions
of Carlsbad in 1810, of Franktirt in 1931 and 1832, and of
Vienna in 1834, decisions which at once violate the ado d
the German confederation and the constitution of the land;
that it grant the liberty of the press, the liberty of. peddle
instruction and private liberty, a popular military organisms
lion instead of a permanent army, a jive division of tax and
the substitution of a progressive income tax to the present
mode of levying tho taxes, the institution of a jury, that
the military take an oath of fidelity to the constitution,
that tke citizens have the right of assembling and speaking
freely, that the people be represented in the German con-
federation ; that it have a voice in the councils in which the
affairs of the nation are discussed, that the equality be-
tween work and capital be re-cetabliehed, and that every
privilege be abolished."
MALACCA.—AN ELEratNT STORY.—The fol-
lowing is a strange, if a true, adventure A boat, manned
by six Malays, with a cargo consisting of one elyan of rice
and half a coy,m al salt, while proceeding up the river of
Liege), was accidiEttily intercepted by a large elephant, and
the result was an instantaneous swamping of the boat and
cargo. The animal came first in contact with the boat at
night, while, it appears, in the act of swimming a river or
bathing, and then diving, he made a thrust with his tusk,
perforating the bottom el the boat. Suck was his power of
lifting as to bear up the vessel with its contfrits?n his. back,
ed then t' ' •