The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-16 00:00:00

gite Or, roPS.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
• levcd Wiles •t nee Espregs,*. costal* •be sae relives
u•actte," le rah:irked creel Tamlay sad sight, ea
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toe past
Sew tuvrorstrfistenacl tor "The Uprose,. Lade. Evening paper,
mast re, at the t odic% lu, Boeveriweerese, if Two .'aleck a tie
del v! pabaatioa.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOB.
TEN DAT—llormag, Sh. am. Aherne., SY. :Ms.
Sh. 39‘. Aftereses, 62. Us.

LONDON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10.

respectfully declined by the Rio cabinet when ten-
dered to it by Mr. litivsoN, the English minister
at that court. This refusal was, however, caused
simply by the very different point of view
.from
which the Brazilian government regards the subject,
contrasted with that it now suits Buenos Ayres
to adopt ; not from any eagerness for war, or from
any ambitious designs of territorial aggression on
the hanks of the Plate.
Mr. liunsost, it would appear, addressed by order of
Lord PALMERSTON two formal notes to the govern-
ment of Brazil; one dated 12th March last, in which
the attention of that government is recalled to the
18th article of the preliminary convention of peace
concluded between Brazil and Buenos Ayres, on the
27th of August, 18'28: the other, under date of
, March 21, wherein her MAJESTY'S government, as a
common friend of both states, expressed on general
grounds, and without reference to that con-
vention, a desire to contribute to the re-
conciliation of both parties. To both these notes
the Rio cabinet immediately made as formal
replies, in which the policy being pursued was dis-
tinctly avowed, and cause was shown why, in its
opinion, the 18th article of the convention was wholly
inapplicable to the existing state of things, and why
it could not accept the proffered mediation between it
andßuenos Ayres, without conceding a right on the
part '
of the latter to interfere in the concerns of the
Banda Oriental—a right in its judgment quite at
variance with the very end and object of that con-
vention. As a knowledge of the position taken in
these replica is indispensable to a correct comprehen-
sion of the question, the following may, we believe
be regarded as a correct summary of those replies.
The Brazilian government does not at all dewy
that the convention of 1828, though meant to be a
preliminary one only, is still in force; because us,
definite treaty of peace has subsequently, as was in-
tended,
been concluded between it and the Argen-
tine Confederation; and it admits that, should any
rupture arise during any negotiations for such a
treaty of peace, then, under the Pith article, it'
would be bound to give the required notice to Great
Britain of its intention to resume hostilities before
recommencing war. lint it contends that, inasmuch
as no negotiations for a definite treaty of peace have
ever been opened, and as the questions now pending
have no reference to such a treaty, the 18th article
of the Preliminary Convention of 1828 is not ap•
plicable to the present discussion. Moreover, it
adds that the questions so pending between Brazil
end Buenos Ayres are not such as to pro-
voke a war by it against that state,
and that, in point of fact, Brazil has no
' intention of entering into hostilities on acecunt
thereof; therefore, it is added, were even the article
anlicable, Brazil is not bound to give that intima-
don hostilities which in truth it has no intention
of renewing. Aud it is further observed, that,
though the convention of 1828 was concluded under
the auspices of Great Britain, Lord l'osisosnir, who
presided over its conclusion, peremptorily refused to
make England a party to it; consequently, it is con-
tended by the Rio cabinet, that the English government
has no legal right to demand the fultilmint of what
it is not a party to. It is the right of Brazil and
Buenos Ayres to claim the fulfilment of the
eighteenth article ; but it is not the duty
of Great Britain to enforce it. For the
Brazil government reminds Mr. Hrososi and
Lord PALMEIL,TON that the means of pacification
laid down in the convention of 1828 were the ester
blishment of the Banda Oriental as an indepeudent
state. If, then, the present government of England
deem itself justified in enforcing the Pith article of
the convention, does it also, inquires the Rio cabinet,
guarantee the independence of the Banda Oriental
For to insist On the power to enforce a minor stipu-
lation, and to neglect the great object of the conven-
tion, would involve a logical as well as a great poli-
tical absurdity. Such, we have reason to believe, is
the purport of the answer of the Rio cabinet to the
first note presented by Mr. Ilunsox.
To the second note, proffering, on general grounds,
mediation and good offices, Seidler I'm:LlN°
reiterates in his answer the statement he
had previously made, that in his opinion
no questions exist between his government
and the governor of Buenos Ayres from which, at
least on the part of the former, a war could arise
with that state. The questions involving war are
those, he says, existing between Brazil and the Pre-
sident of the Banda Oriental ; and though Hoses
has chosen to adopt the acts of ORIBE as his own,
that does not necessarily brink the government of
Brazil into collision with him. Let Roses, Senhor
PM:LINO remarks, desist from interfering with the
internal affairs of the Oriental Itepublic—let him
allow General Omer. to discuss mid answer himself
for nets which he alone coniniitted, and all appre-
hensions of a war between Brazil and Buenos Ayres
will cease. The contribution then towards peace which
the British government can best make in the
quarrel is, it is contended, clear and obvious—viz.,
to counsel and advise Resits to withdraw the right he
arrogates to interfere by force of arms in the affairs
of the republic of Uruguay, to abandon his practice
of confounding with his own the authority of General
(Wee, and to cease to appropriate to himself ques-
tions with which he has nothing to do, arising, as
they do, from violences and extortions committed
against Brazilian subjects by virtue of orders ema-
nating solely from General Omni:. This is the sub-
stance of the answer given to the proffered mediation.
That hostilities are now to be apprehended be-
tween Brazil and Buenos Ayres we must believe, be-
MUM' Roses himself in his proclamations assures
Europe that he is in a state of war with Brazil.
Nevertheless he may, it is we repeat more than pro-
bable, find so much to do nearer home as to prevent
his troops ever coming into serious collision with the
erniy of Brazil now engaged in punishing ORLBE in
the ilanda Oriental.

Writ CST everyone is deploring the weakness of the
ministry, its inability to advance or carry any men-
sure of reform, and its nut more than sufficiency to
keep the protectionist wolf out of the fold, the
world will be surprised to learn that this ministry is
only busied with promotions of its existing members.
Whiggism, instead of progressing, is in fact turning
upon its axis, and exposing none but its own constel-
lations to the sun. The whole zodiac of them met a
day or two ago, after having spent some months
in making reflections and getting information. And
the result of their meditations seems to have been,
that there were not a sufficient number of lords in
the cabinet, and this governing body was to be forth-
with strengthened by the admission of Lord See-
Morn and the Earl of GRANVILLE. We have
nothing to say against these lords, who are of fair
aserage liberalism and ability. If a seat in the
cabinet was like high rank in the army• in time of
peas.., the merited result of seniority and obedience, '
of orderly and diligent conduct. then this lordly pro-
motion would be nothing but what was liberal I
and just. But whatever the country may be,
the teivernment is not at peace. It is be-
kaguered by formidable fors, flanked by
very wavering and justly discontented friends, exe-
crated by the mist powerful section of the aristo-
eraey, and regarded with too much indifference by
other classes.
At the moment when this resolution was taken in
the cabinet, Mr. Ilene was laying before the libes
rah; and the business people of Edinburgh his vim-
plaints and fears that the financial embarrassments
of the empire would never be cleared up as lung as
the prey id monopoly of power in the hands of the
aristocracy remained. Mr. 111:31r. has certain views
of retrenchment, certain views fur making the pro-
perty of the country bear more of the weight of
taxation, whilst its industry should pay less; but
all this lie feels to be hopeless, us long as ministerial
power is doomed to circulate in a very narrow
sphere, that sphere narrowed by the corresponding
cireumseripti ~,, of the electoral franchise.
There is nothing mom evident, than that at present
WC art- at a financial stand still. Government de-
clares that it can make no essential reduction,
and the tones are ready to support it in
that declaration. Then the income-tax, the
chief source of direct taxation, is menaced with re-
pima. Sir CHARLES \Viv', declares that lie cannot
and will not render it equitable, in which case it is
likely to be rejected by the middle classes, who ob-
ject to its inequality, as well as by the landed
interest, which is anxious to du away with all taxes
OR property. Sir Itoneur Peet. evidently tricked
both parties into consenting to his ineume-tax. Ile
led the landed interest to hope for a continuation
of protection, and, as Mr. Hume told us in his speech
at Edinburgh, he deprecated and prevented the na-
tural ehjictions of the liberals to its inequality, by
declaring that it could only he passed as it was,
weighing as heavily upon industry as upon property.
Eiree has now gone, with his power and his plausi-
bility, and the income-tax comes in its native weakness
before a parliament elected exclusively by the two
dames that object to it.
lel things then take the course which the present
indifference of the public portends, let reform be
quashed, and the income-tax Lurked. In that case the
farmersmay consider the malt-tax W.l eternal, the odious
excise duties may be considered a permanence,
and in the customs there can be no further
improvement of any importance, no abate-
ment of the immense cost of collection. Tea
and paper will remain as they are; the
trimly on knowledge will be stereotyped in the
rational ignorance. And to such a system, a 12s. or
I:se. fixed duty on corn could well be appended, and
would to perfectly suit, that it may be looked
for at the firet deficit, or the first financial excuse.
We are out of thine who think that there must be
ineessant change, or that desire it. When a sound
principle, an equitable terns has been obtained for
the national representation, or the country's taxes,
England may then ride permanently by the anchors,
in the strength sad truth of which every one believes.
But nor present position is a halt. And there
is not one person who could say, that either
our fiscal or electoral state was such as he
choose, to abide by or hopes to be permanent.
'We are decidedly on themoving ground of transition,
where one thing at least is impossible, and that is,
to remain stationary. We may go on, or we may go
buck ; and if we do not go on. we must go back ;
balk to protection, bock to feudalism, back to nomi-
main,' boroughs, squire led counties, and to a parlia-
ment in which the lower and middle classes will
muse to put trust or to feel interest.
If we have any fault to find with Mr. 11004 it is
that he speaks too calmly of the necessities of the
moincie, no doubt doing so to suit himself to an
unimpaebioned audience. But the moment is really
critical. A new larliament is about to be elected,
without a single popular breeze stirring the air,
without a single miular requirement Wetting
on a banner. The aristocracy will carry
ouch an election all their own way, and be they
whig or be they tory, it is it little moment,
for if the two parties are returned in preponderant
and equipondemnt numbers, they will go on as
heron• to toss from one to the other the shuttle of
other, the ins doing no more than the mils consent
to, i.e it her appealing to the wee& nor consulting their
interests more than is sufficient to keep themselves
afloat.
A+ to electoral refopm, there arc a great number
of liberals even who are no doubt very lukewarm in
the matter, and would not cry their eyes out to find
theme:he* cheated even of the small promises made
by the premier. But with reform in parliament the
middle classes must give up reform in taxation,
which they have not spirit and energy to carry with-
out the aid of the industrious masses and the public
spirit which animates them.
Without reform in taxation, however, we must ex-
pect very severe consequeneve in the pwalysation
of industry, the discontent of those who live by it.
and the loss of the commereial and manufacturing
supremacy. which we can only keep by being ahead
of the world, America included, in ideas and good
government. Without lighter burdens on industry
we eau never compete with the United States, fee
example. Without slighter burdens, neither our
farmers nor our tradespeople will hold on. And if
the idea gained ground that there was not fair play
fur industry in this country, we should find a tide of
enngration set in. or rather, ebb out, to which the
Irish one of the present year were a trifle.

Tits copious narrative given in yesterday's Ex-
press of the progress of hostilities in the Banda
Oriental encourages the hope we have more than
once expressed that they will not be of long conti-
nuance. firr it is quite clear that the nominal Presi-
Mtt of that state, General Onise, has no force at
his own disposal adequate to resist the castigation
which his prms.edings on the frontier province of
Brasil have at last brought down upon him. So
that, unless the Governor of the province of Buenos
Ayres interfere to protect Oente, the chances cer-
tainly seem to be :hat h.- will quickly have to retire
from the Banda Oriental within such parts of the
Argentine Confederation as will afford him refuge :
and as several of the states which once formed that
nominal confederation arc concurrently in arms
against Itosss, it is just possible that they will find
that chief sufficient occupation to prevent him from
marching to the succour of 01:II:E.
Speculation, however, upon the probabilities of a
war in the Plats, at such a distance, and with at best
such imperfect amounts as we receive thence, can
neither be profitable nor useful. At present, it is ob-
vious that the supremacy so long enjoyed by Hosts
is seriously endangered ; and not one of the least
striking evidences of the emergency of his position
is the eagerness with which he appears to have
secrpted the mediation which wits preferred to him
by Mr. SOUTHERN on behalf of the British govern-
ment. That mediation wo have before stated wu

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 16, 1851.

65c. upon yesterday ; the Threes fell 35c., and closed
at 33.30.
The same organs of the press that took up so
warmly last year the cause of General Changarnier
are foremost in assailing Louis Napoleon on the pre-
sent occasion. The Ordre, Assemblice, and Opinion
Priblignii do not even wait for the names of the new
ministers, to begin shaping the most sinister con-
clusions on the one hand, and indulging in the most
I gloomy and solemn eomminatious on the other. They
knew all along that it would come to this. They
foresaw that the mask must drop, and an appeal be
made to the passions of the multitude, in order to
violate the law. The affectation of trying to conciliate
a conservative policy with the repeal of the law of
I May, is in their opinion absurd. The President
must now surrender himself up to the
guidance of the Left ; there is no middle
ground left for him to stand upon. That
this should bo the cry of the President's old
indefatigable foes; that M. Alfred Nettement should'
lose sight of his own strenuous opposition to the law
of the 31st May while impeaching the motives ail
' Louis Napoleon ; that the organ of MM. Thiers and
Itemusat should exhibit the President to the public
in the light of a Phaethon, unsphcring in his eccen-
tric career those harmonious laws which have been
with so much labour framed by the party of order;
that organs which have never said a word in his praise
should now abuse the President a little more than
usual; all this, I say, is not at allwonderful or alarming.
But what is really a serious and menacing symptom
is the declaration of open war by the moderate legi-
timists. I invite your attention to an important ar-
ticle of the Union, in which you may see that the
band which has hitherto held them to the Elyske is
completely snapped, and the rupture proclaimed as
irreparable. The party of Bcrryer point to the Pre-
sident's newly proclaimed policy as a step which
they always foresaw, and the real motive of
their expectant attitude. " The polies- of the
Elyske," says the Union, "is quite plain : It consists
in making to prevail in principle the right of num-
ber over the force of the law; and even if the num-
ber were not counted on, it is wished to apiwar to
respect it. It was easy to foresee that this policy of
foolhardiness would break out in sonic enterprise
before the regular expiration of the constitutional
powers, and this is why we waited. What plainer
than that illegality lifts its banner. Legality, there-
fore, is all the policy possible for the men of order.
And where is legality to be found except
in the Assembly, so long as it remains
armed with its rights, as the regular ex-
pression of the will of France. In the Assem-
bly, therefore, it was necessary to concentrate
the action defensive of public interests before enter-
ing upon premature combinations for the presidency.
Let, therefore, the majority hasten to resume all the
advantage given to it by the defence of order and
the laws. It Pees that the sophism of all revolutions,
whether they proceed by the ballot or barricade, is
on the point of creeping into the policy of adventu-
rers. this sophism is that the entire people is
free to pronounce directly upon legislative acts,
and even upon the provisions of the constitution.
Henceforth is plainly seen by all the meaning
of M. Berryer s striking appeal to legality.
Here, then, we have the detluitive dissolution of the
Berrver-Bonapartist alliance. There is a remarkable
similarity in tone between the Lnion and Opinion
Publique, which seems to predict the reconciliation
of the conflicting parties of legitimacy represented by
those organs.
The article of the Asseniblje is also highly impor-
tant. Under the signature of M. Adricn do la Va-
' lette it accuses the President of having commenced
hostilities which must inevitably lead to a rupture
with the majority. It insists upon the deliberate
sanction given to the law by the chief of the execu-
tive in 1850, and argues that his change of policy
now proceeds manifestly from narrow personal mo-
tives in opposition to the public interest. The Pre-
sident is taunted with Girardin's article of yesterday,
in which the popularity that would follow the abro-
gation of the law is described as the "last card in
his game." 'Phis is construed to be an open appeal
to electoral corruption and armed force.
The Assize Court of the Seine yesterday tried an
action for libel brought by General Pachecho, the
Montevidean envoy, against the Jonewil des Mbas
and the Xerne .des Deus 3lwides. The find
imputed to the general the fabrication of
false news, which was sent to the Times from
Monte Video for the purpose of influencing the de-
cision of the Assembly in the affair of the Le Predour
treaties. The defendants both declared that in at-
tributing the fabrication of the news to agents at
Monte Video, they had no intention to reflect upon
the character of I'achecho, who resided in Paris.
The general in person declared himsdf satisfied with
this explanation, whereupon a verdict of acquittal
was taken, the defendants paying the costs.
Accounts from Toulon state that Admiral de la
Busse will hoist his flag in the Vile do Paris, and
that the Friedland is to be disaruwe.
The l'resident of the Republic has bestowed a gold
medal on Mr. James Macdonald, an English mer-
chant at Shanghai, in commemoration of the aid that
he gave in the rescue of the crew of the French
whaler Norval, wrecked on the coast of Coma.
The following list of arrivals aid departures be-
tween Boulogne and England during the summer is
taken from au official return of passports:
Arrivals. Departures. Total.
May 3,142 3,913 7,29,5
June 4,928 5,468 10,396
July 7,1:x9 6,586 13,715
Augu.t
September
The Gazette de France announces the arrival of
the Count de Chambord at Vcui:e.

'Ely Court.

--WINDSOR, Ocr. 15.
The Queen, Prince Albert, and the Prince of
Wales redo out on horseback yesterday afternoon in the
Park, attended by the Hon. Miss Seymour, Colonel
Buckley, and Colonel F. H. Seymour.
The Chevalier Bunsen, Baron Von der Heydt, and
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston dined with her
Majesty in the evening.
Prince Albert, attended by Colonel Seymour and Colonel
the lion. C. Grey, left Windsor by a special train of the
Great Western Railway at ten minutes past ten o'clock this
morning, to meet the Commissioners of the Great Exhibi-
tion in Hyde-park, and returned to the Castle at two o'clock
this afternoon.
Prince Frederick of the Netherlands is expected to arrive
this afternoon on a visit to the Queen.

Prince Albert presided yesterday at a meeting of the
Royal Commission of the Exhibition of the Works of In•
dustry of All Nations. The meeting was held at 11 o'clock,
in the Exhibition building. The commissioners present
were Earl Granville, Lord John Russell, the Right lion.
Henry Labouchero, Sir Richard Westmacott, Sir Charles
Lyell, Sir Charles L. Eastlake, Mr. Baring, M.l'., Mr.
Batley, Mr. Cobden, M.P., Mr.•
übitt, Mr. T. F. Gibson,
Mr. John Gott, Mr. Policy, M.PC. Mr. Stephenson, M.P.,
Mr. John Shepherd, and Mr. Hopkins, President of the
Geological Society. Mr. Scott Russell and Mr. Edgar
Bowriug, Secretaries of the Royal Commission, attended.
Lieut.-Colonel Reid (chairmen), and Mr. Cole and Mr.
Dilke, of the Executive Committee, were present. Dr.
Lyon Mayfair and Colonel Lloyd, special commissioners,
were in attendance. The meeting broke up at 12 o'clock,
at whirls hour the Prince, with the commissioners, the
seen tarns, the executive committee, and the speeiid com-
missioners entered the building.
After the close of the Exhibition, Prince Albert
and the Commissioners returned to the Royal Commis.
skit Room, when the following Commissioners from
fareign nations were introduced, for the purpose of
paying their reasserts to his Royal Highness, viz.:—
United States, Mr. Edward Riddle and Mr. Dridge;
Austria, Count Ilarrach and M. Buschek ; Belgium, M.
Cuylitx ; Denmark, M. Westoiholz ; Nassau, M. (Meru-
brinier ; Egypt, Abdul !Lamed; Hesse Cassel, M. Schreiber;
France, M. Sallandrouze de Lamornaix and M. Tresca;
Greece, M. Ralli; Hanover, M. Stuhlschmid; Netherlands,
M. Ossowens Portugal, the Chevalier Itibeiro de ha and
M. an Zeller; Rome, M Trebbi; Russia, M. Hamensky
and M. do Beyne; Sardinia, the Chevalier Leneisa ;
Saxony, 1/r. Seylfarth ; Spain, Don Manuel de Visas', M.
Ramon de la Sagra, and M. Villanueva; Sweden and Nor-
way, M. Tottie; Switzerland, Dr. Bailey and M. Forcer Tunis Kamda Eliukaildn and Signor Santillana ; Turkey,
M. Zolirab ; Tuscany, M. Corridi; Wurtemberg, Dr. Stein-
bets, M. Brand, and M. Schiedmayer ; Zollverein,
Vettin and M. Bronx.
. . . . .

'lllO Foreign Commissioners having taken leave of Prince
Albert, the meeting of the Royal Commission broke up,
and his Royal Highness, attended by Colonel the lion.
Charles Grey and Lieut.-Colonel Francis Hugh Seymour,
took his departure, soon after one o'clock, for the terminus
of the,Greut Western Railway at Paddington, and returned
by a special train to Windsor.
A meeting of the Finance Committee of the Royal Com-
mission was afterwards held in the Exhibition

The Duke and Duchess do Nemours visited her ILoyal
Highness the Dotchess of Kent yesterday, at her residence,
Clarence House, St. thIIICS.II.
Mr. Sullivan had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday
at the Colonial-office.

The Earl of Clarendon had an interview with Sir George
Grey yesterday at the Horne-office.
Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office
from the Governor of Van Diemen's Land.

A Cabinet Council will be held to-day at the
Foreign Office, at half-past one.

MANstoN-IfotNE.—Yesterday the Lord Mayor
entertained the chairman and the members of the General
Purposes Committee, the Lord Mayor elect, the sheriffs,
and several private friend., members of the corporation;
and on Friday the Lord Mayor will receive at dinner the
chairman and directors of the Union Bank of London, of
which his lordship is also a director, and the masters of the
several City companies.