The Express.
London, England, 1848-11-02 00:00:00

mai

2

LILA SALES. NOTOI*II I.
Thar has bola ISlly as much Prises' doss hen toolay
0 04110447, bat tho 00ace ableh was obtaiaoi is ass?
0 the sass yettorlay woB sot austaised to-day.
Z. UlllOlOll4l Ma, 11l 6 • rola sal 1160,162 li
Over learrora, 13 16 4 Do. Now, 10 di
Ds (a), &Lk N. 9,004100, 42 4
11.. Beam •
MUM italZa 11•010ss 1.
at ill Mere Om. i IN. 9101/001n, 8 0
DaSew ino , sod" I arm. st DS* swea, • i
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*II,ODUCIL-cniaLeink ZbelApail now-.
Thee los es* beta ate TAB* Mb el eV. Wilma llat the
atedis• yam • either mem lee 0111106.0.• lag 2,1064
ist 6 NONA ead he adit slaw WSW Plisse 110
sad
mama Ikea Mimi an imereedie he the Mile. mid
sier.s. llenbe•-•11• 01140161. la dr Cease markes.-
Ibietertmay. eat et tea prism la pals& eala.-in
eibererdebs s• oblestime, but Son kis am bum a tall
sash. anamall of badness &ma Tremor Mem wa
pie be hme gal& sales al Beam
?WO= 0 Oslagl4T.
Sow, par 40, Darr sus PIA SO. L ..... --II 4... •11
W. 6060.810.10. 00.160. 64 9 0... 6 4
Term 600,. 91 4-37 =.6.lhalli;; • IL- • 0
1100.--...- .. 88 6-43 Doodie 11 0...L1 8
34011010104••• Is 6.. 84 . Laos, et par ton
Tam.........-- 41 4-38 Pis 104 1 ~ • •
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Oroy ma abile. 89 8-111 444, NEL polo.
114101, liastboe.. 10 4.15 otrow .. -..-- 3l 1•...16 11
Lamps ..... --- 47 0.-49 bras & ye- Wow 44 6..41 •
OWIM. is 601. - 0 •
Walt India =llavas ll6 4.. 0 4
IS IL.. 21 0 O•L.. -.. ....... 35 11.11 11
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sr, .. ..--... 28 6... 286864,1 ace. PIK
einionstorr... s 4 •... N • , per tos 18 14-27 4
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........ 0- 0 0 PS;na;S 900 OIL
0016 06- 11100-60, let-. 77 •...n •
=lbta..-. 16 0- 14 II 46000968
401 Ps Ira 8 11... 8 •
am ..... St 0... Se •• Deana Lt..-- • 5.... •
• iM;.it se la lisirok, 0.- 79 4.16 0
Clospeorsims .0 '0 ... 0 7 Car% 186-- t• c .11,5 9
Pam at por mt. Wory, 100... -. 0 6.„. 0 11
atiOrabloo...... 5 0... 14 II alberred ... -. 72 0-81 0
.- 6 •
Jar 00 tralas I :.... 14 0 litstia" - • 11... II 4
Pariorarl -II e.. 16 • arm Mr..- 11 9.- 8 0
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10MiUderam 8 • 0 9
Ds. 1116110 ~ 1 -
Uses 60061111.
Pr 01..-.-... I • ... • 0
ormowt. . - 0 4.0 6
160010,
• 11.10 oval. trk
I- I / 1.1471 144 L..° •
=1810..88 D1149_-• 70 8-76 0
• pie ant. O.P. 8 -8 0 /oratrary pp. 43 5-73 0
Trosors• NEM 4 .... 4 111 Uses am 00.06 st pa IS
8106,14800, 3 ... 6 N D. A. orl/1. Vitro,
3066•0004. p. 10 -0 9
cto 0.44 ole
• %...• $4
izi"... —. t• -• • dry.. 6 • ..• •
-ram. per tea
100.0.1%.1-. Atii 1".40 • Illa My, • N...* at
N. reamers 9 Lirsii4slp. dry- 0 $2...11 3
MM. - .... II 0- 0 e 10=011s. dy,
witiia iiimaili is •-•• •
„. .. . 15 1-11 4 I Zar 'rho 0 4 ...0 18
essowibiltwano." Pr Ileg .. J lolft &Ara, dzy o 6. 1 6
14...4, 4 I .4/44,4 dr, • •
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......... 1111 1e... • • E. harsttotos, plc
=gm; -. 28 10... 0 • W 5.....-... - 0 6
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ot ...... ..... 33 14- 4 0 Dill WOOIMN. \ i pit M.
sr ....--- it 1e... • 11 Lahleoir...o 15... 11 0
11060 - --... 88 •0-37 •11 4110........... 4 11.... 4 111 I
lost brio 805.... 19 0-13 II 1600101...-... 4 4... 4 • I
Itorboy .............. 14 0-94 8 1100,-hariss.-- II 0... I; 0
left ... r. .
ita; at resat.
Dom ......
Strolu -.-. •SiC.O ID L. .--- -13 10-15 0
Opa la bras . - 11 o_l2 8
bop, atler we. am bieder............ 1 10- 315
Drs .....- SG It 00 . Orril ..... - ...... --It. 0-30 0
--•-•
TALLOW.-TM demand en the eat by greatly
useirovot duty the last twi days. The delivery lbw the
ball.wrik Is 1,466 seeks. This, together with the slight
made is the 86100 Manors Tallow at St. Peters,
my:181 gime more emblem* to the boilers. Petersham
Y. . cm the 'pot, 454. ; October I. December delivery,'
411. 24. ; January to March delivery. 411 91.

rea%.ywlitatiles-Mtanstilaitnsy lead
their
to any be ririseg buts the esennenesmai of them
=and ohets will ever Ll=
14: aa arlibithe of moot mesaromate
What ace the step by whiek, in the conree7r aTes
months, we hare 'smarted a peaceable provisos Into
a country dowsed by civil one In the Ant place
we made aeielese wholesale, and
change in the aim entrested with the ill=
dm of the Lebeenteeaties, wisest Major ilsconaoos
to Bowes. we transplanted General Lrrrien to
Calcutta, and we perpetrated S. job in the ap-
pointment of the- Rdent. Mr. Cutal wee
then worried into hie reipation at Bombay,
and we him by a ewertier nehimem wbe
wee of that the heat el Bndeow woke in •
geld imam neutralised by the mlary ~ea ben
sevealmnhainse. Two yawl men were ism it
ipaisited with as neadeassia hese ages a meat is-
portant seissine. Thy: To their livers sag dr
smendss reined NNW leek leen-
mace for the nateleh sir heated punishment fer
the revolt. Anothearieran, by the most mad-
Wiese gallantry, himself by his sue.
Dense against the We permitted him to
be deprived of the results of his victories,
far the want of cannon and the encouragement
of reinforcements. At last after a delay of three months
we move an insufficient force upon a stronghold im-
perfectly reconnoitred, end we depend upon the co-
operation of a native chief who has been suspected of
treachery from the first hour of his interference. The
fort turns oat to be straw, the native does not fail
to be treacherous, and the immediate result of course
is the diseomfiture of ealonlations which never had
,v just fonadation.

Tors Liverpool Pleandil Reform tunociation cer-
tainly made a adolahs miss they set down the entire
produce of the emeirme mil excise so a tax paid by
the trade sal isembEd do wintry, whilst property
remained exempt. ne Imidency of recent retorois
in fiscal legislation has tom to do away with slightly
productive duties, and preserve the largely productive
ones: in other words, to do away with taxes on elides
of luxury, such as gloves and silks, which were mostly
paid for by tbs rich, and to throw the weight of bilkeet
taxation upon articles of popular consumption, such
Si tea, sugar, spirits, and coffee. We do not volition
the wisdom of these reforms, but we my that
their effect has been to make the indirect tax-
ation of the country still more what indeed it
ever was, a mere capitation tax, which the
mass of the poor, and the trading and industrial
classes pay, but of which realised property Ibe-
nishes an infinitesimal fraction. Of the four mil-
lions of males Above 20 years of spin Great Britain,
there are not above 2150,000 possessed of pea i
party. Paying,. therefore, their personal share of
customs and excise, they supply one-asteenth part of 1
the whole. The Reform Association ought to have
given property credit foe this, and placed not more I
than Mesa to trade and iodustry.
If we descend from the calculation of notooost
consumption to that of the numbers employed -in trade
and industry (amongst whom we beg to include the
agricultural labourers, paid oat of the capital of the
farmers), we should draw a comparison still more
overwhelmingproperty."
TM we point, however, made Rrominent by
the Plnanoial Reform Association, is that pro-
perty, in 'the hands of the vaproductive classes,
gets back in salary all and more than it gives
in taxation. We will not speak of the thirty
millions or three-fifths of the revenue, that comes
back directly and immediately to the fondholders
they have every mkt to it. Bat of the twenty mil-
lions which reseedo bow mach returns almost es
directly into the ;tickets of the governing class ?
How much of the military and naval expenditure
goes to them ? There are three millions spent in the
salaries of the civil departments merely. A future
pope of the Financial Reform Association will, no
doubt, histrast us on those points. And if to the share
of **twenty aillices of our sisal annual expenditure
which goes directly into the pockets of the govern-
Jog elsesse, be sided ths incomes gleaned by them
oat of esionial resources, we should soon come to the
irmiragsbis concision that the property of this
country, or the families possessed of it, draw in-
finitely more from the state than they contribute
towards it, and that the poor and industrious doss

n it
The rich man, no doubt, pays a long hat of tales,
and finds taxatica swell his expeoditure ; but, in pro-
portion to his property, he does not pay one-
tenth of what the poor man pays every day
and every meal for every glue, cap, and pipe of his
liairlyconsumption. Yet it is not in the disproportiosate
way is which the rich pay, that consists the compara-
tive injustice done to the lower and middle classes.
It is the facilities with which the rich, wackily if
one of the governing close, can repair the memos of
the taxman or the effects of his own dissic:
If a young lord has been extravagant, there is lon
for him to misgovern. If highly-connected, t
are the revenues of Bombay to administer. For the
dilapidated fortune of the noble there is always the
pleats: of a sinecure.
Nor are the hereditary wealthy without advantages,
independent of parliamentary influence and govern-
ment connexion. The Marquis of Wasrmuirres,
we are told, has contributed at least 100,0001. to
the miss in the shape of duty on brides. Poor Mar-
quis ! Bach an outlay was very generous and onerous!
Having inherited a large tract of low and swampy
land in the vicinity of London, the growing trade said
industry of Louden have given to this swamp the
value of a mins. The Marquis of Wstrritisam has
=ld by it, not only as proprietor of the lead : he
a hei.• toot has hat palms, end Wheal
squares, and added the profits of trade and industryssquares,
to the profits of having chanced to own land in the
vicinity of the oapitaL We have nothing to
my against the Marquis of WEIITKINIITER, but
we have no commiseration toe the pries
he was made to pay for his bricks. Belgravia has
small houses as well as large. It shelters the trades-
man as well as the peer, the poor earner as well as
the rich spender. And the duty on bricks, which the
marquis paid, falls more severely in the shape of set
on the tenant of the back street than on the owe= of
the princely mandin which faces the square. As to
the marquis, he has got the rice of, and the duty os,
his bricks long since at his banker's, with com-
pound and accumulated interest therm. The excise
returns never came finally oat of his net income.
We have said that the noble marquis, in male.
taking to bay bricks and build houses, engaged it
trade and industry. Bat his industry was blended is 1
no small proportion with landlord neat.. He per
seared property situated contiguous to the fashionable
extremity of London—he had the monopoly of every
eligible site between the park and the ever--end he
was pretty sure that in vesting his money in palaces,
his palaces would soon be rented. He knew well that
every penny spent in bricks and labour would come
back with almost any annual return be pleased
to fix. Not so is it with the trade and
industry which seek the great market of
the world, which have no monopoly and demand
none, which compete with foreigners in distant
markets, and the domestio price of whose commodi-
ties is infallibly ruled by foreign prices. Taxes upon
such trade and industry as this, or, which is the same
thing, on the necessaries of the people whom it em-
ploys, are serious, because they menace the existence
of such trade and industry altogether; they eat up the
very sources which give the people food, and throw
the sr ts burden from off those who can rtpay them-
selves all they advance in taxation, to those who can
only let it eat into their profits.

THE remarks on the government scheme of national I
education as applied to Scotland, which the honour-
able member for Greenock has just published in the
form of a pamphlet, is mace sound in its conclusions
than strong to its reasoning. Lad MEWEED, when
he took upon him to =pram an opinion on the cha-
racter and probable consecpassoss of recent govern-
ment interference with education in Scotland, would
have done well to keep in mind the advice given by a
learned judge to a gallant offices who had been ap-
pointed governor of a colony. The governor asked
the Judge how he ought to conduct himself when
appeals from the colonial courts were submitted
1 to him, and was told, " Beware of maligning

4 of
An la caniessie g ilse—ootiiirative— men" matt. ci —the
teig:
Ask& estabilibenwit end the hes kitty as promoters
or WM. :gear ollmollion. might tempt some
readers to his as a mere pine of
retaliation for the tree periseoed from
members of the latter at the Omens* elution,
and to extend their la Ids appreciation of its
merits
natures onseel sonnimises.
Thegeed suss mad right feeling which we
have attributed Slant Iffithotow speak out in rigor
page ci his peemplisto and have led him most justly
to mods= the
ton-
pursed by government
with referee., toodineatien fa Scotland. He murk*
I that two ways were spit to them :
By the Ise sears a throwthed paldiverk of suasion
segedemsdanos smell have boss dis boa et ”ersOsse. ley
the essenkthe gessedwadi of die plaa weeth have bele
bid twee the braid pelelliPles et Miriade* elaridep. •
nib& asio. leather, bra Mos hit 11006. mere swig se.
the firmer Um dm hue mimes, throug seen
dlistalleibish the ssmitri Senwisinglyompend neease
mitenel stemitea met Vh• cestrei et tlithe two groat saw
while suissies at gusset =hocked in an u
sweggis ter rammasey. Ins gentament gnus arr=
smaripthisak I.toz thole two thete—tha tree church tilde,
alms two -mires, and the established church about ono
Wed, at the astheat appropriated to Scotland. Yet the
erthothr Imo Om ant the slightest indication of an opinions
~shot asses( bodies is a fit recipient for a national
teeth
The fact of the distribution is dearly established.
A retarn reunited to parliament lest session, and
qaoted by Lot 4 *MOUND, shows that 1,9131. was
in 1847 to the establishment, 3,6201. to the
=tab, 1381.1tuolateter:torlians and 4821. to
sehesis slimed " Wiring the throe
1101 BMW of the present year, 5491. was gran'ed to
the establishment, 1,7741. to the free kirk, NA
nothing to any other schools. The LORD ADVOCATE,
Mr. Fox MAULS, and Lord BRZADALBANS, have op
and for their party in the poiitioo-raligious world of
Scotland twice as large a portion of the educational
grants as the Minium:timer the Soot& whige have done
for theirs; and the great body of the disinters (among
whom the united relief and obsession communions are
at least equal in number to the adherents of either the
establishment or the free kirk) have got nothing. It
is palpable that the distribution of the educational
grants In Scotland lies open to sneer saincions of
electioneering influence. Nor could this elk well be
escaped, considering that the active managers of the
fund here in London are utterly ignorant of the form
and pressure of educational institutions in Scotland,
and of part relations in that country.
As to Lord Mauluso's allegation that "the
country has not given the slightest indication of an
opinion that either of these bodies is a fit recipient of
so important a trust," he offers no proof of it ; but we
me no reason to question its accuracy. And we add
as a corollary to this position that if Scotland indeed
be, as Lord laluotion affirms, ripe for a more ra-
milluntheeisstrierstmd,
means
educa-
tion ra-
tional and catholic scheme of national education, the
people of Scotland have their own taciturnity and
ap.thy to thank for the 'sectarian scheme which is
being footed upon them. Oar countrymen north of
the Tweed have never been slack to tell us Southrons
that more has been door for education in their country
than in England, and that all classes among them are
better educated than in England. Why, then, do
they silently and tamely submit to government's spoil. "
ing their naked education, under the notion that it 1
is improving it ? I
Our own impression coincides with tt at expressed
Lord ?demons. We believe that the elements
'',,T a sound, unsectarian, efficient national education
exist in Scotland; that they only require farther de-
velopment ; and that the measures hitherto adopted
by government to promote Scotch education are doing
more harm than good. We agree with Lord NIEL-
OUND that the system actcally pursued by govern-
ment " is unworthy the policy of a great nation, since
it proposes to obtain its ends by pitting one sect
against another, and by stimulating their benevolence
through their metal antipathies." The facts relative
Ito the distribution of educational grants in Scotland
of men destined to be, and to discharge the duties
of, citizens—the development of all the faculties neces-
sary for the working of the great machine of civil
society. There must be means of education for those
who are contented to remain private citizens, and for
those who aspire to pablip employments. There most
be 'blustery scoot for all Gismos; gymnasiums for
those who, intending to prosecute commercial, seafar-
ing, or other avocations,require informationof a higher
renderetroo;:artaphwonereenhhfagarthichzoie;cavezatesisetaatlindeidaliti,l26isnr2lai
We proceed briefly to recapitulautramitheiltioeimftoonenimilnararytiutenoiteecooellalfsitrrycloa:
kind ; uuiversitiesfor those who contemplate becoming
lawyers, clergymen, physicians, or statesmen—for
political pursuits in the present circumstances of
society are de facto a profession, and mast henceforth
In. dealt with as each. Such a hinurchy of educe-
med institutions la not merely desirable for the al-
ti
l ?Miley it would impart to social and civil operations,
lit is indispensable to the existence of sound, valuable
education. All true science is based on the felt wants
of society. Chemistry, botany, B:e., have sprung
from the requirements of medical practice; mine
niogy, mathematics, &c., from attempts to improve
metallurgy, land-measuring, or navigation; the moral
and metaphysical sciences from the controversies
of lawyers, statesmen, and divines. Widence
rises above mere practical wants, is
valuable for itself, but it become a vain
shadowy dream when disassociated from practice.
The extension and rectification of science depend
upon its continued identification with the practical
haleness of life, and elementary education is only in
so far valuable as it opens the door to the treasures of
science so rectified and extended. Let us assume that
a country had district elementary schools for every
500 inhabitants, and that all children were compelled
to attend them. Unless linked wi th institutions for the
higher eduation,that country might continue grossly
and frivolously ignorant. There might be no teachers
except mere writing and A B C masters, and there
might be no information worthy of
acquired through the means of reading and
writing. But with institutions in which all
branches of knowledge are cultivated with
reference to the practical wants of society, and
with a free career open to teachers to raise themselves
by merit from the managemut of mere elementary
schools to charges in gymnasiums and chain in uni-
versities, a country would have a body of men possess-
ing superior and esltivated intellects, capable at once
of extending the range of our knowledge and of train-
ing the
.young sa the young of a free and powerful
community ought to be trained.
Let natty the educational institutions of Scotland
by this test. The foundations on which they rest are
the parish and burgh schools, and universities as or-
ganised at the time of the reformation. Over these u
originally constituted the church asserted and exer-
cised a supreme control. But circumstances have
in a great measure emancipated them. The addi-
tion of medical faculties in the universities
of Edinburgh and Glasgow to the original faculties of
arts and theology, and the institution of law pro-
fessorships, have neutralised and rendered practically
obsolete those statutes which made the Scotch uni-
versities mere theological seminaries. The Leslie
oontroveny settled the question u to ecclesiastical
domination, and all but entirely emancipated the uni-
versities from the church. In the more flourishing
towns academies have been instituted (as at Ayr,
Perth, and Dundee) by private individuals or the
magistracy, which hold a midway position between
the elementary school and the university ; or
(as at Edinburgh and Glasgow) the old gram-
mar schools have been so remodelled as to
serve the same purpose. Even in some rural
parishes (as Dollar in Clackmannan, and
Minima in Damfrimeire) schools have been
founded by private donation similar in charac-
ter to these town foundations. The cense-
=has been that in Scotland there are three
of educational institutions : in every pariah an I
elementary school; in almost every town of any ex-
tent a school in which the modern languages, practi-
cal and applied mathematics, geography,. English
composition, &0., are taught ; and the universities.
Mere elementary education is provided for, every-
where. Schools in which land-surveyors, able sea-1
men, merchants' clerks, &c., may attain all the scien-

fandon.
The question remains, is public opinion in Scotland
ripe for such a movement? This question most be
answered by Scotchmen themselves. The influence
of those leaders, who, in the scramble for govern-
ment grants have carried off the lion's share,
may be sufficient to lead their followers to counteract
any attempts to perfect the unsectarian system of na-
tional education, of which the rudiments and outline
exist. We indeed hope better things. We cannot
conceive that the people among whom the institu-
tions we have sketched have grown up, can be deficient
in the spirit they indicate. It is upon record that the
important communions, the Secession, the Relief and
the Congregational dissenters are friendly to such a
scheme. It is well known that in all the other
churchee—even in the Free Kirk—there are liberal
and enlightened minds willing to sanction and pro-
mote it. Bat to convince government that the orga-
nisation of such a system in Scotland is possible—to
ensure its establishment—Scotland must speak and
act for itself, and that energetically and without

ITALY.

required in their profeinionk are The Goscordio, of the 27th tilt, states that G
_Rmisses el every oue. And the baldi had embarked, with 70 adherents, at GenoZl7lo;
led ea meelmate terms, tie means the 24th, for Sicily, where he had beet invited its.-
mikd eatindel studies to men of all pair, to assume the command of the Sicilian t:
-
011Meadstease el lasso varier institution; Letter from Rome of the 20th ult. say that
th
41 knefielelly es ire taakiag elem. The Ministry had shown great activity in that
tin andeuties sad tough schools have munitions of war. -providkg
• lestances soon of link talents and so-
Ma Pules, Professor of Latin in
DM. JACKSON and AND6RION. IMMO-
Ay *fames of amoral philosophy in Bt. An-
; sal others who might be easily enumerated,
displayed
or yed their abilities se rectors or teachers in
h schools academies. And many who have
cost nod towhees in academies through life have, u
nadirs and gentlemen, been every way the equals of
their more fortunate colleagues. Such men have
im-
parted a character to the torotemion which
theasnced advantageously the teacher of poorest
perish school ;tang ht him to respect and to claim re-
spect for his profession ; and elevated the educational
toss through all the schools--voluntary and este-
bliebed—ef Scotland.
This general and miniature portrait of the Scotch
portesits,
eametlenal system, necessarily, like all miniature
smooths over minor detects. Linksof sectarian
dominations still remain, from which the universi-
ties and perethiel schools regain to be emancipated.
The esermeas and rapid increase of population in the
manniestariag districts of Scotland has outgrown the
supply of elementary schools. More of the interme-
diate school', and a more perfect development of some
that exist, are required. But in Scotland there is a
high-spirited, and independent teaching class ; much
has been done to make altaation, elementary and ad-
vanced, patent to all classes; and these institu-
tions have been developed by the people
themselves, and colipond to their wants and
opinions. AU that is wanted is to Menses their
means; to remove lingering remnants of sectarianism
to make the teachers, as a body, independent of the
church or any other profession ; and to encourage the
young elementary teacher, by a fair prospect of being
able to raise himself to the highest grades of his pro-

FRANCE.
PARIS, WIDNUDAT, II A.M.
The journals this mornir g are totally destitute of
intelligence.
A democratic and social banquet took place last
night in the gustier of the Batignolles, which was a
dull and spiritless reproduction of similar extravagan-
cies that I have already more than once described. It
was presided over by Pierre Leroux, and the chief
orator, besides the president, was Count D'Alton She&
His theme on this occasion was a philippic against the
absurdity and the evils attending the use of family
names. The. he contended that it was most objection-
able that the father and son, or that brothers should be
designated by the same surname. lie illustrated this
position by the cases of Cavaignac, Louis Napoleon,
(larnier Pages, and Carnot, on each of whom he con-
tended ridicule was thrown by the comparison pro-
voked by their respective names. The usual round of
toasts were given. The health' of Raspail and Louis
Blanc, "victims of tyranny and oppression, were drunk,
and the meeting separated. There were about 1,000
guests, most of whom were operatives, and two-thirds
at least inhabitants of the Batignolles. The banquet
was given at 30 sons a head.
Tumultuous assemblages have for several nights
back created alarm in the Faubourg Poissonnterre.
It seems that for several days the garden mobiles,
belonging to the barracks in the Rue Faubourg.Pois-
sonniere, at the angle of the Rue Lafayette, have as-
sembled in the evening near the barriers Itodieouart
and POilleolll4oll4 anditwas said that some quarrels had
occurred. These assemblages were again formedon Mon-
day evening. The alarm was given, and two companies
of the Ist legion arrived from the barracks Pepiniene
a detachment of guardians of Paris arrived at the
same time, the groups were diapered, and the gardes
mobiles returned to their barracks. At half-past nine
the troops were still on the ground, but no serious
disorder occurred. It is impossible to learn the
motive of these assemblages, which have disquieted
all the quarter.
The CAnstiltaionnel has broke silence on the subject
of the presidency. It says
General Cavaignac is one of the candidates We have
nothing to say against him personally, we have not forgotten
what he did oa the days of June. But has his political con-
, duet for the last four months been such as to inspire full
confidence as to the future in moderate men, that is, in our
opinion, in the immense majority of France ? General
emirs's' has only given pledges to this majority by the
adoption of M?d. Dufsure and Vivian at the last moment,
and on the eve of the eleetion. We advised General
Cavalgnac to postpone the election of the President of the
Republic till after the vets of the rrgg• laws. Daring
the time that would have el he could Save
governed according to the real sentiments of France, and
secured to himself a unanimous adhesion. This delay would,
at all setae., have exhibited the men, and matured public
*lgoe. Every one would have seen what was the best re-
solution to form, and which the „beet choice to make. But
our advice was not followed. -The coiling three moderate
men to the ministry is an sot' we approve of, only it was a
little late. We will not say that it was done with a view to
the election ; but it is not yet certain that it will be the in-
auearatioa ot a steady and moderate trem
In reference to the candidateship of Prince Louis,
the Ontsfifutionnel observes :
The Prince Louis Napoleon is the other candidate. He is
a young man still unknown to the country, who bears an
intnisetal name, the greatest in our annals. His name and
descent naps to constitute an hereditary monarchy. Bat a
President of the Republic the
who sets on his own decision, who
directs co his own responsibility the g•
country, of
country, who gives an account to the Assembly and to the
nation of all his one, should he not poems the most in-
dubitable &UM ? According to all the information trans-
mitted from the departments, and all that we can collect, it
seems certain that there exists in the nation a most favour-
able disposition towards this caudidateshiP. France, which
has suffered so much for the last eight months, seems
to seek in the republic that which the least charac-
terises all those who have conducted its affairs during that
time. • • • • N. Thins, chief of the mo-
derate party in France, will hold towards the future Presi-
dent, whoever he may be, the conduct we are about to de-
scribe, and which will be that of his party. M. Thiers, since
he entered the Assembly, has given an example of such con-
duct. All Franceknows it, and acknowledges it freely. She
renders full justice to the firm carriage with which he pur-
sues a course which is not without danger, to the immense
talent which he conseerates to the defence et society and or-
der, and to the great and rare qualities of a edges which he
exhibits under all circumstances. So soon as a doubt arises
in the public mind (and on what point. may not doubts arise
in the darkness with which we are enveloped?) the nation
inqaires what IL Thies thinks; it seeks and acknowledges
in his opinions its own information end its own enlighten-
ment. H. Thins fulfils these noble duties, which
are imposed on him, without any personal pre.
tension, leaving the field free to all—supperting
honestly, that which is good, never en. ering into a compro-
raise with what is bad, without demanding from his fellow-
citizens any other recompense than the public esteem with
which he is surrounded. He will continue thus to act what-
ll
ever maybe the choice of the country. Bat the National sti
mists, and will positively know, what pa-t H. Thiele takes
in the affairs of Prose Louis Napoleon. The reply is . cry
simple. H. Thieshas not tse honour of even knowing
Prince Napoleon ; he has no pollsiticalthi relations with him ; he
is not celled on to have atty. s clear

We have received the correspondence of Turin of
the 27th ult., which anncoutesd that the Valtellina
is in full insurrection, and that a canncnade was heard
in all directions.
The 9th Regt. had marched from iVessbadria to
Vofhers, a place on the frontiers of Lombardy.
The Patna of Florence, of the 24th ult., announces
from Modena, that the duchess was delivered of a
princess at Balzano on the 19th. The family of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany Las left Florecce foe Siena,
where they intend passing some time. By a decree
of the grand duke, of tne 17th, the formation of a
bat &lion of foreign troops is decreed.

lacereports of GERMANY.traveI.
The
STATE OF AUSTRIA.
The latest accounts from Vienna, which me
down to the 27th ult., assert that no bora,
balarefe:;:tembtoteyhalitht::fhaaottirootehffpeteeectimrpo:lpinicbzlishaopedfpearedeinstro,thnlyeionßrgeresthinlotte cruelty:44.w
Berlin Gazettes, must have arisen from cannon eh*
reducing it by bombardment.
The following appeared in an extraordinary sup.
element of the Reform of Berlin, of Sunday, Orr°.
bar 29 :
" Up to 1 p.m. of the 27th, the city of Vienna had
neither been attacked nor had surrendered. The de.
potations which up to the above date were conduit.
ally proceeding from the capital to the army, clearly
show, however, that there is a disposition to surren-
der, and that the only obstacle thereto lies in the
impossibility of immediately executing the demand el
Prince Windischgratz respecting the disarming of
the Proletariat and the remainder of the academic Is
Windiscbgratz has issued strict order.
that no attack of any kind (nirgetul ein Angel) a,
should be made on the capital. It is true that there
have been some slight skirmishes in isolated quartets,
but they were occasioned each time by the attarks
made by some desperate citizens, attacks which wen
repulsed by the besieging army. The advanced port
of the Hungarian army, which in order to come to
the relief of Vienna had crossed the Danube in small
boats, had been attacked and dispersed by the Cro.
tiana."
Other 13: rlin journals give the terms which the
popular party demand. Those demands are stated as
follows. A general amnesty, nomination of a popular
ministry, and removal of the troops from the vicinity
of Vienna. Upon these terms, it is added, the city
will be given up, and the working classes and even
the academic legion will submit to be disarmed. The
Spenersche Zeitung asserts that, in Olmii:z itself, the
retest sympathy exists for the Viennese. The same
Journal (which is not over-disposed to give any news
ladvantagwons to the popular party) states that on the
126th the imperialists were obliged to give up their
attempts to take possession of the Leopoldstadt and
the suburb of Jagerzeil, and to abandon the Tabor and
railway bridges.
Up to 10 p.m. on the 27th no sews of a positive na-
ture had beer. received in Breslau, the Upper Silesian
train, which arrived between 9 and 10 p.m., not having
brought letters or newspapers. From this circom•
stance the Breslauer Zeitung draws the conclusion
that the contest:was raging in the Austrian metropolis.
It is stated in the Preussische Stoats Anseiyer, of
the 30th olt., that up to the 27th at noon no attack
had been made on o inna by the troops, but that they
had been attacked several times by the popular patty.
It adds that there had been serious conilcts near the
Brestensee and the suburb of Lerehenfeld. On se-
count of those attacks a portion of the Moravian
army corps had been " compelled" to march forward,
and on session red at to reply with a battery, and
take possessiof the Schmelzer churchyard, a posi-
tion, however, which, on account of its exposed situa-
tion, they subsequently abandoned. The popular
party bad been repulsed from the Nusadorf side, and
driven within the lines of the city. All that part of
the suburb, as well as Fiinf hausen and Sechshaasen,
were in the possession of the troops. Windischgratz
has ordered the firing to °ease, whenever it is not ren-
dered necessary by attack from the city. No bombs
had been thrown into it up to the 27th.
Jellachich was in possession of the Prater and the
PalverthEirm. The water and gas pipes which sup-
' plied Vienna had been cut off by the troops, who,
after having been gallantlyate repulsed from the esta-
blishment from which the water pipes run, succeeded
in finally capturing it.
It is stated that six steamers with Hungarians bad
come op the Danube, but that they had turned back
so soon as the first was fired at. Deputations con-
tinned to proceed to the army. A deputation from
the Diet has protested against the transfer of the
assembly to Kremsier. Windischgratz had der
landed, it was said, the surrender of certain persons.
The following proclamation was issued by Prince

Windischgritz-: -
To the Inhabitants of Vienna.—Propeaals have been made
to me to come to an amicable mediation with the city, and to
enter Vienna with my troops, in order myself to bring into
operation prescribed conditions. I appeal to the sense of
justice of I am sure a large proportion of the inhabitants of
'Vienna, and I ink them whether it be possible, after all that
has pamod—my troops, without giving any provocation, hav-
ing been fired upon at their very first appearance—whether,
I say, it is Jpessible for me to enter Vienna with them • to
enter that caty, which, according to the amnion of 'all,
swarms with armed evil-minded men, before into mes
be disarmed, without immediately causing a bloody
engagement in the streets ? I ask, whether those
who offer me peace, who call upon me unhesi-
tatingly to enter Vienna, even if they are sincere with
me, whether, I say, they would be able to command
moderation and tolerance to those who have for weeks, with
arms in their hands, terrorised the city ? It is my duty to
inform the well.disposed portion of the inhabitants of Vienna
of what has taken place since the short time of my ap-
pearance fare, and previous to it. For several days conti-
nued attacks have been made upon my troops, who are under
orders to answer them only in case of the most urgent need,
which has, in fact, already taken place at several places. The
party which meths autho-a of that unexampled deed of crime,
which wee perpetrated on the Minister of War, Count Latour,
and was even perpetrated on his corpse, which demanded
an amnesty of has Majesty and the withdrawn of the
troops, who had been oo scandalously attacked, which
made a proposition for the banishment of several members
of the imperial house, and even lately protested against the
full powers confided to me by his Majesty the Emperor,
and declared the whole of my illegal—this party
sends to me an embassy of pea e, for the purpose of antic-
ir gme to enter the city with all my troops without any
guarantee. Far from me be the thought of employing mi-
na:rosary compulsory measures. My heart is filled with
grief that 1 am compelled to act hostilely against the capital
of the monarchy ; 'l3 t I again ask the right-minded inha-
bitants of that city, is mediation possible in the form pra-
te me d under such auspices ?—Read-quarten,
grUi end under such auspices ?_llead.qeartan,
Hetadorff, Oct. 28, IS4B. Signed, Prince Wismacuosers.
PRUSSIA.—The following is a letter from our
correspondent:
Baum Ocr. 29.—The people of Ballet display a rest-
lessness and uneasiness of spent which even the casual ob-
server cannot fail to notice. Nor is it alone in their cower.
sation and general beerier; that they nianifest that dispaition.
It mabe traced in the tone of their journals ; but above all,
in their street literature—that which, in the shape of Oa-
cards, circulars, and handbills, finds a willing, and, as file!"
ready-made reading public. They feel the uncertainty wills
still exists respecting the fate of Vienna, and the general (*-
premien, nay, conviction, that whatever that fate may be,
whether in favour of, or to the injury of, the popular cause,
it will necessarily exercise an immense,. not to say overpower-
ing influence on the destinies of their own capital. It is
stated thataU the north German states, with the view of
contribating,to the introduction of a general coinage for Ger-
many—(a desideratum, if ever there were one)—are about
to issue new silver pieces of the value of one of our 43
kreusere.

NI HDNatrespeenbility, ,
to the einseqweseees that m:
the dreanwiewee that me
istormadap, sr_ by a •
pentita er lowans°.
rata renewal of the
that the latter will
lentdble, and hinder the
whims belonging to his
ea* now whilst dispersed a•
Urges towns. They err
will be Ole to settle bis at
miw,andeothey would haw
Austrian empire, unaided
Lad: The opposition, in,
wore reliance on the chin"
is likely, they come into
end trust to fortune.
The news of the revolui
the Weed importance in
and la most likely, among
reinbtry at Turin. The .
liberal ministry—one, cone.
join the forces of that state
to them the dispersed, but
all parts of Italy, who woul
and confidence, to join the
Tuscany, a very numerous
assisted by an equal num
to distinguish therneelvea
their past detente, whisk
end mummer:tem ut on tl
and, raising the country a
would compel hadetaki
Mincio, and thus replace •
of Milan, end the =mink

TURIN, 0m.26.
As I foresaw would be the case, after the small ma-
jority obtained by the ministry here on the question of pesos
or war, last Fridley night, a change of ministry is likely to
take place. At present nothing is decided and little known,
only as some propositions have been made to three of the mo-
derate opposition, including of course Gioberti, 'modification
tether than an entire change of the ministry is what may be
more confidently expected.
The news brought yesterday from Florence and Le bona
of a movement in the latter city, and the recall of • Monts-
nelli, its governor and the beloved of the people (though ap-
pointed by the Grand Duke), and his being entrusted with
the formation of a new ministry at Florence, of which
another idol of the citizens of Leghorn is to be a member,
have added to the hopes already excited here by the lateevesis
at Vienna and the continual defection of the Hungarian
troops, under the command of Redetski in Milan and la
those parts of Lombardy where there exists a facility for their
eem either into Switzerland, Piedmont, or the provinces
south of theFo. The war party is strengthened by the belief
now beginning to preyed generally that the mediation ti
England and France is acknowledged to be, at least for ths
present, powerless. The Messags-tv Torissese of yester!ig
asserts positively that the mediation is at an end, the Engo"
government baying (says its informant) declared to the Ser.
dinian cabinet that, lathe present state of things—the Eropv-
Tor of Austria. Musing been obliged to abandon his min
0
his ministry dissolved, parliament et Vienna hesitating,
as
possessing only a dubious authority and precarious extetenes
withal, the empire in confusion and threatened with a per
tracted war between the different races of which it is evae
posed—the English government would not know with whoa
to treat. On the other hand, it is asserted that the Fleo
government his declared to the Sardinian minister at pars
that no dependence can be placed on an armed French ales
vention, as Prance is aware of the desire of Russia to inter.
fen in Germany, and does not wish to give it a prerast
to do so by itself interfering in Italy. Both the French esi
English governments, therelore, mending to this stemma',
have left the Sardinian ministry at liberty to act ash de
Anglo-French mediation had not teen agreed qr.; but 0111

THE PRISI

At the lest Court of
ham the Recorder, Mr.
last month he had ,i•
tion of Mettray, near T.
cited the attention of pha
success of its operation'.
the founders an

in the English sense of
offender,. It had been
ginning with a small v-
had already sent out
formed bore a very lore,
formed. Like Strotton-up
institution, and from the
present rate of reformed°,
It was difficult to speak
had estimated the number
amount. This institution
due to the exertions of two
rank and social position,
great talents, unwearied
disinterested conduct in t
about to call their atten
Demote), he was proud to
religion to which he 0
years of honourable ex•
travel in England and ..i.
all that had been done tir
this knowledge be unit. d
not dismiss young offen,
existence ; but his =rid •
where they were to re,
years—some for many
upon his mind that the
judge and devote himu
In this he was joined by
Courteilles, who had
don, and who being th•
a grant of it for the ph
a plan and laid it hero
was that they obtsi
Veined aid from the,
local departments.
felt it necessary to
begin work before th•
fore, founded a school for
disposed youths, and so
made that a finer body •
never Been, nor had ho
than he passed with
quainted with the det.*
was to provide buildings.
was that the youths, or i
be separated into families
several houses—simple
whatever—in which a
ground-floor was used
the family, which cone
which was a steady it
was-tailed the father •
quainted with some I
two sections, and each
who was called an elder
titled te certain pr wife?
office sne of emula..io,
formed by the sups&
the good judgment tl
Having then made root
pupils, they resolved to
warn at once, but by •
ooubtry (which they
do)hopeful and tower
meat might be made
stances. They went
Im:ideate took place.
the youths by the sul
duced very hopeful ,
and there subjected ro
warmest benevolence
severest judgment. 7
not to give unmediati
of the system to elei
committed crime, to a
were born. The great
the children the agent
conduce with these I
was of the plainest do
lay to that of the peat
in which Mettrsy WSJ
health, some of the
to die. In France, .•
were what were call,
who devoted themes
Armed, The found y
of the services of nine
sick room their sit i•
cheerful apartment,
being in the greates•
or making lint for
others employed in
dently suffering pr
kitchen, too, wee
women ; and, is
the same deecription
an advantage in the
care with which all
the greater number
agriculture; and in
institution was perfso
spa( sixteen when
than seven or.elght
as Making wooden $
making apparel, in
and he observed cal
It freight be sop
labour there woul
weneertaialy true,
of which was devoi
bows is the week ;
the term education,
wee in the hands of
sinter be believed, to.
they ware few, and
from that in which
there had bees an
ha
thpuee. TV:ikeware
plied ; their punk
being principally I
even there were lm
Lion were successful
was thought prof
prison. The rep
such an event, MO
ingly the most in,
exact account had
of whom was not •
care of a gentleman
found that eighty
find statements m.
systems; but
dined to 0-
.

tray, the cod of
was necemarily. es
care—then Laing
of the whole 600,
but this was ma'
actual coat was
Were they aware,
borough of Birmi,
for every one of
withstanding the
great, to the cowl
advance into mit
tioa ? Bat if it e
to pay for offend,
they would noel,
*me who were ,
tion was present,
pool, in 1846 ;
that fourteen ca,
taken, and that ti
been many of th.
ber of times—not.
Now, with --
reformatory
members of
Without ;-
fourteen
one of them was
the cost of which
be added to the
each cue would
sidence abroad
thew youths
Now supev-
bat

tlmt if • pawn
was far
it was
rearms
minds,
human
by money.

. • ;#:" .' r' . '
• •• 4 .
t .
E .RXPRESS, THURSDAY IEVIIN '. q,
.
NOVEMBEiti: , I: ;:i !::
.6/1•411.-- . • AificknowleAVA
• , "..e.faralC,2lllnian•ll4"l,.., a i A I'jil'' 0 . . • :11 112.11111 ,Ie
..._ .._ • .11M11 0 Pr' 1.P.. 1••,'-• n. -
ene ei. • . ,:,1,,, • • in flip.. te!„..i _
„a , . ~..t
~, 4q"
tor • •,. 0o • ,f,inriin • lwr .• 4 litiodept 't. ~46,..i Tae
ni.„
is • •,
..,_. .4... et...... • . ... • • .1/4 iwivei sett, you will • limp to blonder," ....„
eita:sy La * the • conelosion, Benoit ..---,..
j.,.................,,..,
birtot, r.sez.hnetratnesetnanotnosesnithern=7;
,b.isitarta.tamwttilib.
raisseey al the Componfe nehnenthhia WITIeI ..as wft 4,Prablit Mri ilis
of tbil eat ifiems. . . v Wei:2l4We in no unfeemotts. 141
iiiile;: a •
of
"it hi°
Bat thin le too Strip's omit . ._
of
cavil, bat teems the pads, vidt hi,burgh) Dr_
lath goal% _ .--....;,.. ...Ate of the Way Prelsoul

salability, se
Ines that in,
ON that may
Ile/ a rem-
. The P
n 1 of thaw
te latter will
hinder the d,
lag to his nr,.
t dispersed a.l
They are
settle his all •
y would have
re, unaided' y
pOdtion,
on the cheat,"
r come into to
rtune.
Rhe revolt&
portance in i
oily, amongst •
• The Ci •
y—one, eons• q
of that state to
spersed, but
ly, who would
n, to join the
ry numerous r
equal nue
themselves •
eats, whisk t
nemrnt on the
lie country as
!Wend to
bus replan I•
the amines
LB PRISOg
Court of tn/
order, Mr.
he had
ay, near Ton
lion of philan
operations. •
an agricultn.
sense of t
bad been in
a small num .
eat out 400 y
a very lan.
Stretton-upa
from the b
f reformation
It to speak
the number
,is institution
.ertione of two
cial position,
,unwearied 2
conduct in
.1 their atten
was proud to
rhich he (toe
ourable ex, rti
gland and .cm
been done or
Igo be unit d
Foung offena e
nut his mind fol
were to re. tai
for many
ad that they
evote himself
tee joined by
who had ak
ho being the •
t for the pn
laid it before t
hey obtained
rom the get e
talents. Ili•
nary to train
haters they •
ad a school for
uthe, and ro
II finer body of
nor had hp
used with th
ith the details
ride buildings.
youths, or
el into familiv
uses—simp e
-in which a It
ir was uw d
, which corals
a steady iota
the father of
with some tray
is, and each • •
ailed an cider
rtain priviteg
emu!atio. to
the superinten
judgment the
en made ever
y resolved to
ee, but by eel
shish they h
ci and toward'
:let be =riots
They went to
took place. T
s by the sujoti.
ry hopeful eff
subjected la a
benevolence f•
udgment. Th
re immediaie p
totem to eleva
d crime, to a •
a. The area
ten the agents
with their pr
e plainest d
it of the roam
Mettray woo p
DOlO of thc y
In France, s •
at were called ••
cited thansi ••
The found re
rvioes of nine •
in their sit i
apartment, o
the greates• o
ag lint for
hiployed in ye
nffertng part,
top, was un de
1151 a, as bc o •
dtageoariptione as
sin the ik
h which ail h
ter number •
are; and in
on wee perfinr
drteen when
Ten or,eight
ng wooden •
apparel, in
observed cab' •
ht be supt
there would
taialy true, as
h was devoted
a the week ;
ro education w
the hands of •
▪ believed, t
ere few, ace
tat in which
tad bees sr /
of
TA. rsvrar•li
their pain,
Principally con
here were hall
ere auccasaful,
ought proper
. The recerd
n Gnat, ens gi
the most inco
account had
em was not .1d
r a gentleman
that eighty ti
',dements m-d
; but for
. to doubt it.
the coat of
merrily eo
there lung • I
, whole 500.0
his was mate
1 cost was not
they awart ,
igh of Birmin
rery on of i
,lauding the
in the ooniu
ace into crime
Bat if it sit
.y for offenders
would recoil
who were I e
was presented
, in 1846 ; •• •
fourteen can.
n, and that it
, many of th,
Di times—none
r, with regard
rotatory prin..
ebers of suit t
tout improv*
teen youthe,
of them was
cost of which,
'tided to the
a case would •
nee abroad, at
is youths cost
rr supposing
euffercd to r
if a person
I far more co,
was painful to
wens to the
ads, he wu
man being was
11110017.

•imiolmioll•milimummlNMilMill