The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-30 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 30, 1846.

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LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 30.

Mr. WALTER'S annual rural fete, at Bcarwood,
held on Saturday last, presents a most pleasant
contrast to the agricultural meetings which so fre-
quently occupy the newspapers with their proceed-
ings.
The assemblage comprised not only the ten-
antry, but the servants on the estate; in short, all
whom it brings into relation with the proprietor as
landlord or master. There was no prize-giving non-
sense. If Virtue walked to the festival in high shoes,
they were of Virtue's own buying. No german-text
testimonials, framed and glazed, were distributed to
be hung up in cottages ; to tell futurity how the
labourer half-starved himself to keep his family from
the parish, and how the landlord approved his
privations. It was a merry holiday, whose they
whose tills have reference to the same pro-
perty, mingled, on frank and cordial terms, in the
same enjoyments.
We may scent to be occupying ourselves with
a private affair by adverting to this fete; but
transactions which might be passed over silently,
on that :.ore, at other times, have their putrie
importance now, when so much of the har-
monious co-operation of society depends upon the
manner in which landlords adapt themselves to the
new policy of the country. The Bearwood Festival
is not, indeed, a novelty, but has been continued
through many years. Mr. WALTER only pursues
his usual kindly and honourable course. It is not
the less valuable as an example, to which new
circumstances impart additional recommendation.
Agriculture has a transition state to pass
through, and a new policy with which to con-
form. Such meetings are far more likely to
render transition easy, and the future prosperous;
than the vain regrets, the vainer prophecies, the fierce
vituperations, and the factious excitements, which
generally characterise agricultural gatherings.
After the statistics of our landed orators, Mr.
Wsursa's speech is an oasis in the desert. It makes
as realise the idea of a neighbourhood. The common
nterests of the locality are uppermost:: the new
Mergyman andhis Christian counsels, the erection of a
?arsonage, and before that of a School House where
ducation is to be established "on a sound and use-
ul basis." All this is much wiser and better than
—ing Sir Rom.= PEEL. It promises more for
astruction and moral culture than Lord IttPON'S
mike), cart. Some meaning is given to
in favourite metaphor of the Protectionists,
tat the landlord, tenant, and labourer " are all
the same boat." They arc so in this in-
ance ; and pulling together pleasantly. There is no
ar of their being ruined. Even Mr. I:ERRAND gives
a prediction, of a Wokingham petition for the repeal
• free-trade as having made them "distressed agri-
Iturists," the date of a few sessions " hence; which
far enough off to be equivalent to leaving it un-
ted. But Mr. FERRAN!) cannot be quiet. Ile was
angely out of place at such a meeting, unless on
c principle that an occasional discord serves to
hence the harmony.
In glancing at the various quackeries of agricultural
iodations, Nlr.Wsurstt justly remarked that "none
them professed to offer the only proper remedies ;
melt', regular employment and adequate remune-
ion. These were the only cures for the suffer-
of the labouring population." Protection has
erly failed of producing that desirable result. It
ves the labourers worse than it found them, both
operatively and absolutely. Extending over the
rage length of an entire generation, it has lowered
it wages, dilapidated their cottages, robbed them
heir beer and meat, and reduced their clothes to
s. Instead of increasing employment, so as to
vide for the wants of their increased numbers,
successive census has shown a diminished per
tags of the population occupied in agriculture.
ercvcr else we may look for regular employment
adequate remaneration," they are certainly not
e found in the practical influence of Protection
a the condition of the labourer.
re leave prophecy to those whose every pre-
on hitherto has been falsified by the event.
cannot undertake to describe is detail the speci-
nfluences of Free-trade on the several sections of
agricultural population. But this fact is clear,
Free-trade is more trade; and more trade is more
.oyment ; and more employment, for the same
hers, must induce better remuneration. Thus far
lain of cause and effect is distinct; and affords a
reliance than arbitrary and authoritative
uncements of what shall be or shall not be,
ming years. There is more hopefulness in it,
Al as more surety. We tread on firmer ground
njoy a brighter atmosphere.
e Bearwood Etc lacks one character on which,

some weeks ago, we remarked with so much gratifi-
cation, in the festival of the silk-mill people at
Rocking. This was given by a proprietor to his
tenants and labourers ; that, by the operatives to their
employers. We should be glad to see the parallel
more complete. Farm labourers are a long way off
the ability, and it may be feared not very near the
disposition, to give either tenants or landlords the
grateful homage of a dinner and a holy-day. There is
a painful absurdity in the mere mention of a peasantry
giving dinners to landlords. It is a scene from Utopia.
It is talk for Bedlam. Er nihik nihil fit. It is a I
harvest for which the seed is not yet sown. It is the
miraculous feeding, without the five loaves and two
fishes to begin with. The peasantry could not furnish
out even TINION'S banquet. They lack fuel to make their
kettles boil. But if trey cannot feast, they are capa-
ble of being feasted. The social relations which grow
out of the soil, may be made to approximate towards
those which are entwined in the mill. Landlords
and large farmers may put themselves on probation
for a future testimonial. They may assist the pro-
gress of society towards a more humanising connexion
between the employers and the employed, of all
descriptions, whether manufacturing or agricultural.
We know that Free-trade, in its direct results, can
only affect pecuniary, not moral relations; and that it
has no power of transforming the one into the other.
Rut relying, as we do, upon its beneficially affecting
the merely pecuniary relation between the buyers
and sellers of labour, we are anxious to see that rela-
tion assuming more of a moral character. Ilene
our readiness to note every step towards such a con-
summation. The sanguine advocates of Free-trade may
be reasonably invited to exhibit the spirit of their doc-
trine, in that free and frank intercourse which cannot fail
to expand the minds and raise the characters of their
dependents. And those who believe that the country
has embarked on a bold and perilous experiment,
may fairly be reminded how much they can abate the
peril, mitigate every attendant evil, and increase
every possible good, by conduct which shall teach
the peasant to "venerate himself as man," and feel
that he is something more, to both farmer and land-
lord, than a mere tool for turning the soil and ren-
dering it productive. To what an extent the lesson
has yet to be learned—and employers must learn it
first—that (except in some very obvious instances)
there ought to be no merely pecuniary relations
between human beings! For the inculcation of that
neglected lesson—the entrance on a Free-trade policy,
and that too under the pressure of impending scarcity,
is a favourable occasion.

THOMAS CLARKSON belonged to the class of men
most properly called apostolic. They do not origi-
nate; but they establish. Expansive sympathies,
strong conscientiousness, impassioned enthusiasm, the
power of concentrating the mind on one great object,
sleepless activity, and utter contempt of danger, form
the apostolic character. In respect of moral grandeur,
and the contagious influence it exercises over the wills
of others, it is, perhaps, the noblest manifestation of
human power.
To estimate aright the merits of CLARKSON, and the
efficacy of his labours, care must be taken to claim no
more for him than his due. A conviction of the cri-
minality of slavery had made considerable progress,
before his attention was drawn to the subject. GRAN-
VILLE SHARP'S " ltepresentation of the Injustice and
dangerous Tendency of tolerating Slavery in Eng-
land" was published in 1769 ; the trial arising out of
tho case of the negro Somerset, in which it was de-
cided that as soon as a slave sets his foot on English
territory he becomes free, took place in 1772 ; four pam-
phlets against slavery were published by Sit.% R l' in 1776.
The fact that the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge pro-
posed, in 1785, the legality of making others slaves, as
a prize question, and that CLARKSON, to prepare himself
for writing on the subject, began to study the African
slave trade, proves that the discussion had already
attracted considerable notice. The new church
which held the faith of man's freedom, already
counted many members before CLARKSON was led to
join it. But he took part in its first organisation in
a visible form in May, 1787 ; and he was from that
time the most indefatigable, dauntless, and efficient
of its missionaries.
He was employed as the agent of the Association
for the Abolition of Negro Slavery, in visiting the pro-
vinces to collect evidence of its enormities, and proofs
that it was possible to substitute an innocent and
lucrative traffic with Africa; to promote co-operation
among the friends of the negro; and to gain
converts to the cause. For seven years he
kept up a correspondence with four hundred
persons, and travelled upwards of thirty-five thousand
miles, to promote the cause of abolition. An anecdote
is related of him which places in a strong light his
indefatigable perseverance. When in search of a
witness to prove that slaves were obtained by force,
he was told, by a friend, of a sailor who had been
engaged in the traffic. The friend knew neither the
man's name nor residence, but described his person,
and said he appeared to belong to the navy. With
this faint clue, CLARKSON visited in succession all the
ships belonging to the navy at Deptford, Woolwich,
Chatham, Sheerness, and Portsmouth; without suc-
cess. Ile then proceeded to l'lymouth, and boarded
fifty-seven vessels before he found the man; whom he
carried to London with him, and by his evidence made
good the case of the abolitionists. Nor were these
labours unattended with danger. The traders in slaves,
their customers and advocates, were not then, even in
this country, a cowed minority pleading their cause in
a deprecating tone. The rich and the powerful were
their patrons ; and among the great public those who
were not active partisans of slavery were disinclined
to innovation. Its assailants were disliked as troub-
lers of the peace of society ; and, encouraged by this
prejudice, the participants in the gains of the traffic
set no bounds to the expression of their resentment.
CLARKSON'S life was more than once in danger on his
visits to the port of Liverpool.
With the abolition of the slave trade began
CLar.KsoN's more comprehensive task of labouring
for the abolition of slavery itself. In the course of
this later struggle, he found leisure for literary com-
position; but his works are mainly supplementary
to the thoughts and efforts of his active life. He
died as he had lived, labouring unweariedly in the
cause of those whose sufferings had engaged his
attention. When he entered the field, the holding of
slaves by the people of this country, with the excep-
tion of a chosen few, was regarded as a necessary
part of social economy. Long before his death it had
come to be regarded as a crime. A revolution had
been brought about in the moral sentiments of the
nation: and the main instrument in effecting the
change was the moral authority which CLIRKSON
derived from his benevolence, his sincerity, and his
earnestness of purpose.

THE work is partially consummated, and the Duke
halts under his future pedestal. The journey from
the Harrow-road to Hyde Park-corner is achievement
sufficient for one day. The elevation remains to be
effected. Some few hours at least must elapse, be-
fore the Duke can say to the Grenadiers, " From the
top of that arch forty tons look down upon you."
Till the statue is hoisted, conjectures as to its
effect may be considered premature. But certainly,
if we may venture to speak from the impres-
sion produced yesterday, we shall not have to
soften any of our preconceived notions. There
is nothing in the design or execution of
the figure to reconcile the world to a viola-
tion of artistic rule and recognised propor-
tion. It must be distinctly understood that
hitherto all our criticism has been directed to
the relation of the statue and its base. Given
the proportions of one and the other, an unfavourable
judgment was inevitable. It rested neither on pre-
conceived notions of what was desirable in the par-
ticular can ; nor on any opinion in favour of or preju-

dicial to the artist who had been selected by the
sub-committee. WYArr or WEEKES was indifferent '
to us. If the design were good, the unsuitable site
would destroy the effect of it : if bad, site and design
would be in harmony.
We are bound to say that, judging from long and
careful examination yesterday, the design is not tin-
, worthy of its place. It has nothing great but its
dimensions. So literal is the treatment, so careful
the effort to bring the details up to the point
at which art ceases and imitation begins, that
an ex-lifeguardsman in the crowd was vehemently
complaining of the absence of some buckle or
strap from the bridle. The spectator is more conscious
of the wrinkles in the Duke's trousers than of the
expressiln in his face, and of the workmanship of
the horse's accoutrements than of the life in his look
or action. The colossal size rendered the figure
rather ludicrous than impressive. As it tottered into
view round the corner of Park-lane, the feeling which
greeted it partook much more of the half-wonder, half-
merriment, of an audience at the appearance of some
basket-work pantomime Magog, than of the enthu-
siasm which ot4,ht to welcome the effigy of a hero. In
short, the statue of Mr. \VYArr appears, to our pre-
sent judgment, a proof of the little connexion that
exists between size and grandeur. It is a large
figure, but not a great work. It is anything but a
great work. It has all the un-ideal nakedness of the
GEORGE 111., without its spirit. It might mould
tato a statuette ; but, even in this form, would find
itself surpassed by many of the race prize groups of
Mr. COTTERILL. The crowd did not know what to
make of it. Tke bulk went a great way with them,
as it did with Sir F. TRENCII, and as we have no
doubt it did with Messrs. GoDING's dray-horses.
The real test of the work is to come. Bad as the
effect may have been from its position on the car, it
may still be wisely calculated for the arch. Defects
in the one point of view, may come out beauties in
the other. But if the figure was perfection, all
the objections to its site remain untouched.
The event cannot falsify our own and all
contemporary prophecies, unless the practice of
art is a blindfold and haphazard thing. As sure
as there are principles, this statue violates them. As
sure as those principles are well founded, so surely
will this statue offend correct and cultivated tastes.
These are the only tastes to appeal to. The mass of
uneducated judgments may be stricken into silence by
the dimensions, or tickled into applause by the novelty
of the work. Then comes the pinch. If public taste be
outraged, say the committee, down comes the figure.
But what is public taste and how is its decision to be
known ? When architects and artists arc unanimous ;
when the voice of cultivated intelligence, as delivered
through the press, goes with them ; when the most
distinguished patrons of art echo the judgments of
its professors ; what remains worthy of the name of
public opinion to set against these ?
We are sadly afraid that the proposal of the three
weeks' experiment was a ruse of the sub-committee,
hard driven and unscrupulous. They trust to the
Englishman's reverence for the fait accompli, or
" great fact." Mr. \VYArr's Duke is one of the
greatest facts, in the way of bronze, the world has
ever known ; and will probably keep its place
amongst other stubborn things of the genus. As to
expecting an emeute or. the subject, English taste is not
ripe for that. The abomination might be twice as glaring,
and yet be tolerated. It is a contest of tastes, or should '
be no contest at all. Now, when all the "taste" is on
one side, and Sir F. TRENCH and the Duke of RUT-
LAND on the other, there can surely be no case of
" doctors disagreeing."
We wait, in humble assurance, for the event of
to-day's elevation. We have confidence enough in
recorded and unvarying principles to believe that the
statue must fail before the ordeal. We have reverence

enough for Art as a means of education to feel that
this subject is ono involving something beyond a
dilkt«tite quarrel.

The appointment to the vacant judicial scat in the
Court of Queen's Bench has been made. The suc-
cessor to Sir John Williams, is Mr. Vaughan Williams.

The Paris journals of Monday and our usual cor-
respondence has reached us. They bring the intelli-
gence that the Duke of Nlontpensier had left Paris,
as it had been announced he should. accompanied by
the Duke n'Aumalc, and teveral officers of their statf.
The French government is thus evidently bent on
proceeding to the completion of its plans.
The Debats has at length broken silence on the
subject of the note of Lord Palmerston. It speaks,
however, in cautious terms, and goes so far as to deny
that the representations of the British government
contain any announcement of positive measures. That

journal soya:
" It is likely that the representations notified to the go-
vernment of the King by the English Cabinet, through its
ambassador, the character and bearing of which, we think,
have bee,' misinterpreted, will, sooner or later, be laid before
the public; but as yet it is not in our power to do so. It
will then be seen if that communication is likely to have the
results attributed to it ; or if it is even of such nature as
to cause uneasiness to sensible men, and to the friends of
peace and harmony in Europe. tis an easy task for the
opposition journals to circulate any reports they may think
fit to invent ; if they are not contradicted, they regard them
or give them out as facts. To contradict them, we might be
led to explanations which would bear a close resem-
blance to indiscretion. The very nature of the
communication made to the French government, the
form in which it was presented, prevents its being made
public, as such an act would be derogatory to official cus•
toms and. established rules. The reserve imposed upon us
will be fully understood. We stated, that no communica-
tion had been made of a nature to obstruct the free-will of
the Spanish government. We adhere to that statement.
That the English government thought it its duty to protest
against such or such consequence of a step taken without
its consent ; that it has made its reserves for the future,
in ease of this or that eventuality which might occur by a
peculiar interpretation being given to former treaties, is
possible; that it thought itself called upon to express its dis-
sent, its regret, and its annoyance, on the determination
taken in respect to the Spanish marriages, does
not astonish us. But that such communication con-
tained any threatening expression, any formal conclusion,any
announcement of positive measures, we think we may posi-
tively deny. We believe that we are right in saying that no
direct notification has been tent in to the government of the
King; that the English Minister for Foreign Affairs has
addressed a despatch to the English Ambassador at Paris
authorising him to notify it to, and leave a copy of it in, the
hands of the French Minister for Foreign Affairs, and that
that despatch contained the expression of the dissent of the
English government in the most amicable form. When it is
before the public, we will discuss its contents and the value
to be attached to it. For the present, we think it our duty
to remain silent. We are not bound to regard the asser-
tions of the opposition journals as being derived from an
official source. A single remark will suffice to
show how far the veracity of their statements may
be relied upon. We announced that the British
Ambassador at Madrid had solicited an audience of the
Queen to congratulate her Majesty on her marriage. That
announcement was reported to be false. To-day's corre-
spondence from Madrid states that Mr. Bulwer wrated upon
the Queen, and upon the Queen-Mother, and offered his
congratulations to their Majesties on the coming marriage of
Queen Isabella. We therefore think we may state, notwith-
standing all the rumours to the contrary, that the two mar-
riages will take place at the time appointed, and we persist
in thinking and saying that the dissensions to which such
resolution may have given rise, however much to be regret-
ted, are not of a nature to compromise the pacific relations
between the three governments.'
•

The Debuts, in the above, states that its assertions
relative to Mr. Bulwer's congratulating the Queen on
her marriage had been contradicted. Such is not the
case. What was contradicted was, that he had con-
gratulated the Queen on the Infanta's marriage.
The thing was in itself so absurd that on the face of
it it could not but be disbelieved.
The Spanish refugees are still watched with great
care, and we are told the Spanish General, Rodil,
and M. de Santa Cruz, late aide-decamp to Espar-
tero, especially, arc the object of close surveil-
lance at Bordeaux. General Seoane has succeeded
in making his escape. Pretended rumours are con-
stantly flying about with respect to Count Monte-
molin, who is said not to be in Imgland. The Adour,
a Bayonne journal, publishes a letter from Saint-Jean-
dc-Luz, dated the 23rd instant, stating that the Count
de Montemolin arrived there last week, disguised as
a priest, and stopped at the house of M. It.---, who
was one of the most active agents of his father in the
last Carlist war. After visiting the church, adds
the writer, the Prince pursued his route without
having excited any suspicion, but soon afterwards the
police received information of his having come to
Saint-Jean-de-Luz; wad the gendarmerie were sent in

pursuit. The Prin,ce, however, had already crossed
the bridge of Behobia, and left no trace of the course
that he then took. The letter in the Bayonne journal is
in direct contradiction to the statement of the London
journals, which not only, announced the arrival of Count
de Montemolin in London, but even named the hotel
at which he alighted. It is right, however, to add
that the Journal da Cher of the 26th says it has
reason to believe that the London journals have been
purposely mystified, in order that the Prince might
be the better ab'.e to effect his object. The regi-
ments in garrison in the cities of the south,
which had orders to change quarters, have had
those orders countermanded. Their departure is
adjourned until the end of October. Some battalions
have been sent to the frsntier to prevent the refugee
Carlists from penetrating into Spain on this side.
The Prince de Joinville will leave tho French squad-
ron
at Cadiz, and join his royal brothers at Madrid.
Great preparations arc making on the Spanish side of
the frontier to receive the princes.
M. E. D'Appony, Austrian Ambassador at the
Court of Rome, who has been absent on leave during
several months, is expected back in Paris.
Marshal Bugenud has received orders not to pro-
long his stay at Excedeuil, and to embark as speedily
as possible for Algeria.
The Duke de tilucksberg, who left Madrid on the
22d with all the papers connected with the marriage
of the Infanta, arrived in Paris on Saturday even..
He has left again to-day for Madrid, whither he will
precede the Duke de Montpensier.

We have received, from Madrid, news up to the
25th inst. On that day the Count de Bressun made
the official demand for the hand of the Infanta, who
had recovered from her recent indisposition. Prepara-
tions are in progress for the marriage ceremony,
which will be perlbrmed (according to El Ile
-
oath) with great pomp. The government still conti-
nue to seize the opposing journals withunsparing rigour.
The Leo del Commercio, Clamor Publieo, Nuevo
Esperlador, and El Espanol had recently shared
this fate, the latter journal for the reproduc-
tion of the leading article of an English contem-
porary. The offence of the Eeo del Commercio was
a proposal to present Senor Orenso with a medal. It
had also preciously remonstrated against the seizures
in the following terms :
" Since the marriage is irrevocably fixed--since we can
teach nothing new to the country on the subject, why seize
us? The answer is, for form's sake. But is not that
giving more importance to accessories than to the facts them-
selves, and does it not prove that there are persons who
have very little heart, and whose heads are incapable of con-
taining two ideas ?"
An application had been made to government, by
several individuals suffering punishment, to grant an
amnesty on the occasion of the marriage. The
Herald. notices this prayer in terms generally
favourable, but recommends that the amnesty should
extend to all but those who suffer for "political " or
" other important offences."

PARIS SEPT.2B.

The approaching marriage of the Duke of Mont-
pen,ier continues to excite public attention. The depression
of the funds becomes daily greater and greater, and a fall of two
francs, in afew days. was a circumstance which had not been
known since 1840. The speculators compare the two periods,
and seem to think that the differences which have now arisen
between France and England have a deeper foundation
than the dissensions which separated the two cabinets six
years ago. The Ministry and the King himself have been
represented to you as feeling great anxiety on this subject. I
do not knew the real thoughts of M. Guizot, but this at least
is evident, that he affects great calmness. All the noise
which is made on the Paris Bourse is considered by
him but as a speculation for bringing down the
funds, and he says, in his pride ; when the Bears
shall have sut&•iently lowered the funds, the Bulls
will soon raise them again. M. Guizot seems
to forget that speculators can only lower or raise the
funds by the aid of a movement in public opinion. If the
sales made by some banking-houses have accelerated the
sinking of the funds, it is because there was already a gene-
ral disposition to alarm. The writers of the ministerial
journals, made anxious by this state of things, havedemanded
instructions from M. Guizot as to their future conduct. The
minister has recommended to them not to enter into a discus-
sion with the London journals, and to avoid everything tend-
ing to embitter the quarrel between England and }ranee.
He added at the same time, that government would not
change its plans. The route of the Duke de
Nloutpensier remains the same. Ile has left to-day,
and will enter by Bayonne into Spain, travel-
ling by easy journeys. He will go without an escort,
unless the Spanish authorities choose to send a guard of
honour, as such is said to be their intention. Amongst the
causes of the anxiety of speculators, I may mention the
results of the crops. These results, though not very alarm-
ing, show a probable deficiency in provisions !Or the nourish-
meut of the people. Without entering into the pirticulars,
I may tell you that the rye crop is one-third hSi than the
average; that the wheat crop is excellent in quality bus
deficient in quantity; and fivaily, that the drought having
prevented the growth of grass, will cause is considerable
limitation in the supply of hay. With regard to potatoes, the
dixa•c has attaclid them in some parts of France, but the
crop will be, on the whole, of the average quantity. The
price of bread has risen in several places, and in Paris, the
41b. loaf, which is commonly worth 60 centimes (6d.), is now
sold for 82 ceutimes (81d.), and it is predicted that the price
will increase this winter. Added to this is an increased
dearness of meat. Although manufactures are at present in
great activity, and the making of the principal lines of rail-
ways occupies a number of hands, and although the salaries
have been on the increase, it is feared that the question of
food will become a serious difficulty in the approaching win-
ter. During the last two months a great quantity of
corn has been brought into Marseilles, but France
will want this year an importation of upwards of
ten millions of bushels. The amount of corn to be disposed
of in the United States is not more than six millions. It
will therefore be necessary to buy wheat in the ports of the
Crimea and the Baltic; and supposing Government takes
the care of this on itself, it will be necessary to modify the
existing corn laws. The present legislation dates from the
yea• 1832, and its present combinations are a sliding scale of
duties on imports and exports. The territory is divided into
four zones, each of which takes for its basis of importation
and exportation different prices. Foreign corn, to enter free '
is subject to the following conditions of price in France ; that
is, corn in France must reach the price of 27 franca (1/. ls. 6.1.)
in the first cone ; 2.5 francs (1/.) in the second ; 23 fr. (18s. 4d.)
in the third, and 21 francs (16s. 84.) in the fourth.• Corn to
go out of France duty free, must not exceed 2.5 francs (1/.) in
the first zone; 23 (18s. 4d.) in the second; 21 (16s. bd.) in
the third, and 19 (15s. 104.) in the fourth. The import
duties increase in proportion as the price of wheat decreases
in the market, and the export duties rise with that price.
Thus, when wheat is at an average of 19 francs per bushel,
the import daty is 4 francs 75 cents (3s. lid.), and that in-
creases by 1 franc 50 cents (Is. 31.) for every franc that the
price of wheat declines. When wheat is at an average of
21 francs per bushel, the export duty is 6 francs,
and for every rise of 1 franc in the pric. of
corn, the export duty increases 2 francs. The re-
sult is, of course, equivalent to complete prohibi-
tion of foreign corn in time of plenty, and an embargo on
the liberty of exportation in time of famine. The govern-
ment knows how serious to the country this law is, but on
one side the proprietors, who are in majority in the two
Chambers, consider it as essential to their interest; and on
the other the prejudices of the people are opposed to the en-
joyment, by the corn trade, of that entire liberty of which
Turgot at the end of the 18th century demonstrated the
necessity. Several riots hare taken place in the departments
bordering on Brittany, to prevent the circulation of corn;
and we may expect, during the winter, other scenes of
violence. Government will, no doubt, Le asked to suspend
exportation, and perhaps the public voice will force it to
moderate or do away with the duties on imports. The law
relative to provisions seems to be about to undergo a re-
examination. 0.

z _ • . • .
. -
• THE EXPR".
, ‘ 2
of
*ith so much gratifi- dicial to the ru
lIIE EXPRESS.THOMAS MIIDIE & SON S I some weeks aeo, we re
1 festival th lk-mill people at sub-committee.
beg to state that they forward "The Express" by evenutg cation, in t-e e 111
and, to ensure regulanty in the 'apply, they prixt the address „, „
This was given by a proprietor to his to us. If the de
SI
their customers, when ordered for a quarter or half-year. A re- HOCklng.
d labourers ; that, by the operatives to their would destroy 0
mittance of IN. ad. will pl for a " =4,15aa02,..1 will thnants an
prensur adosswksiir‘l• tudie. vertex'.
eII.P.P" ' employers. We should be
street, London (established SO years). glad to see the parallel would be in ban
pTEW LONDON EVENING PAP7ER, :IRE
thmorebcormplets
.Farm labourers are a long way off We are bound
I EXPlist-O.OItGE HOWES CO.„ vies. - -
loltorn, !pinion, print on the cover the addresses of those who .. c a
.I..ity, and it may be feared not very near the careful examine.;
favour [hero wir:i their orders for LAU a year. Post-office oers hos disposition, to give either tenants or landlords the 1 worthy of ite I
media acsnosledged. A quarter, 19s. 6d.; halLyear, If. 19$. Tsui grateful homage of a dinner and a holyday. There is dimensions. S
Convect TILWR Simi nn.
THE EXPRESS.—Orders punctually attended to a., painful absurdity in the mere mention of a peasantry the effort to 1
THOMAS MERRETT'S Newspaper Office, 7, St. John-square, giving dinners to landlords. It is a scene from Utopia. lat which art
London. established thirtY-1110 Years- SuhaariPli°ll.• in gdymice. It is talk for Bedlam. Er fail° nihil fit. It is aJ an ex-lifeguard
satiatlet.....pe,,,roquaizta OR A. $1501.1 COPT WILL as FORWARD/I) IN
harvest for which the seed is not yet sown. It is the complaining of
- "TA"
----------- ' ulous feeding, without the five loaves and two strap from the b
PRE EXPRESS regularly posted
.at 18s. per. muse
_i_ nailer in advance, or If. is. per quarter credit ; TIM DAILY des to begin with. The peasantry could not furnish of the wrinkle
NEWS posted by morning mail at 15i per quarter in advance, or 175.
6d per quarter credit; by evening mall at six. perquarter in adranc:.; out .
evenTi SION'S banquet. They lack fuel to make their expression in h
or its. per gum ter medit. The prinelpt London Weey
2, kettles boil. But if trey cannot feast,they . pa
are ca pa- the horse's meets
Ecaryardr7leic.,riy aupplicel.-TLMOTII 1111, News Agent,ble of being feasted. The social relations which grow or action. TS
NEW WOKE IN MONHILY PANtra, at Mu. 4.llAlkEn out of the soil, may be made to approximate towards rather ludicrous
DICKENS. those which are entwined in the mill. Landlords view round the
on the Ist of October (to be completed in 20 Monthly Parts, uniform
and large farme
with " Martin Chuzalmeit,"&e.!, orlon Is., the First Number of
farmers may put themselves on probation greeted it panto
DEALINGS WITH THE FIRM OF DOMBEY for a future testimonial. They may assist the pro- merriment, of a
esio NON, Wholesale, Retail, and for Exportation.
EDI lED BY CILtRLES DICKENS. gress of society towards a more humanising connexion basket-work pa
With Illustrations by ILABIAYI K. B► OWN. between the employers and the employed, of all siasm which ou;
Lon Ion; BradMirs and Evans. Whitefriars.
descriptions, whether manufacturing or agricultural. I short, the status
Now ready, in one handsome volume, Bvo, elegantly bound in cloth,
price Ile, sent judgment,
InLIVER TWIST. By CHARLES DICKENS. We know that Free-trade, in its direct results, can
exists between
kJ With Illustrations by GEOROR Caentsuann, and the West only affect pecuniary, not moral relations; and that it
figure, but not
Corressions .onol Alteration:4 of the Author.
No. X. completing the Work, is now ready, price Oue Shining.: has no power of transforming the one into the other.
But relying, as we do, upon its beneficially affecting great work. It
Bradbury and Evans, Whitetriars. GEORGE ILL,
The day Ls published No. XXII. of the merely pecuniary relation between the buyers
DOUGLAS JEItROLD'S SHILLING
Ilence
f labour, we are anxious to see that tuba_ into a statuette
Al %GAME, wits continupion of ST.GILES and ST.JAMES, tion assuming more of a moral character.
by the Editorreadiness to note every step towards such a con- •
Mr COTT. ERILL
Lemon : PnbPsbed at the "Punch" Office, 83,1mA-street. our make of it. TS
This day is publisheil, price 6d., No. X. oflsB it did with
summation. The sanguine advocates of Free-trade rodineas:
THE ALMA
i A REVIEW of EVERYTHING and EVERYBODY.
Edited by 611.11 EXT ADROIT ii BCCI:111T. trine, in that free and frank intercourse which cannoteao doubt it did wit
The real
hates!
London: Published at the " Punch" Office, SS, Flect-meet.
to expand the minds and raise the characters of their
effect may bast
This day is pubUslud, price li., copiously illustrated by Lexcu, dependents.
No. IV. of And those who believe that the country
IL THE COMIC HISTORY a ENGLAND.abate in the one poi
has embarked on a bold and perilous experiment, m. ay still be wi
may fairly be reminded how much they can the
By Glimmer Ammer /Brest-Iv.
This Work Is published in Mcuthly Parts,, illustrated by lOW. peril, mitigate every attendant the. other. . B
LIMN, with one large Etching, and from Six to Twelve Wood evil, and iucrease
the objections
11 Engrav* . It 44 .11 comprise from Twelve to Twenty Parts, and will every possible good, by conduct which shall teach
appear regularly with the Monthly Magazines until ita completion. theThe event au
Lomeli: Published at the "Punch" teas. 84. Feet-Street. peasant to `venerate himself as man," and feel
that he is something more, to both farmer and land- contemporary
arwitthiserea blin
are dfori
I P
gilt eprog. lord, than a mere tool for turning the soil andlennorenn-
dering it productive. To what an extent the
sure as those p
: MAILEt.
• The malls for New South Wales, Re., will be made up on the evening has yet to be learned—and employers must learn it
first—that (except in some very obvious instances)
• there ought to be no merely pecuniary relations will this statue
These are the o
uned.u.cated. juds
i sr the TOO inst. (this day).
The West India inru;s, including those for Mexico, Honduras, and between human beings! For the inculcation of thnt
the dimensions,
Havana, will be made to, on the morning of the 25 October. of the work. TI
I' ' The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United
States, will to Made up on the evening of the Sd October. neglected lesson—the entrance on a Free-trade policy,
and that too under the pressure of impending scarcity,
outraged, say t
Tb, overdid mails for Gibraltar, stake, Greece, the lonian Islands, is a favourable occasion. But what is pa
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, ria Southampton,
will be made up on the morning. of the 34:1 October. .
.. . ..„--------"t----- known ? Whet
! wi•fliolt;ennis.its 6:de ,rp.M.ldtehira4.„ll:4zieng .4;2ltLuemse Ayr7,l,,Mont A weo, lie.,
THOMAS CLARKSON belonged to the class of men when the voice
The mails for Curintria, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and most I called apostolic. They do not oriel- through the pro
Gibraltar, gill be m id° up on else 7th October. proper y
The overland closed malls, vin Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, nate ; but they establish. Expansive sympathies, distinguished p
rl''
Egypt. Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, Sic., will be made up on the
evening of the fth October.
TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We cannot notice, in say way, any communication that Is sent tom
anonytnously ; but those who choose to address as in confidence will strong conscientiousness, impassioned enthusiasm, the its professors ,
power of concentrating the mind on one great object, public opinion •
sleepless activity, and utter contempt of danger, form We are sad]}
the apostolic character. In respect of moral grandeur, weeks' ex rue
find their confidence respocted. NEITHER CAN WE UN DERTAK E and the contagioss influence it exercises over the wills hard driven a
• • AtiltaLisetnAt7JMNl-en'dNerffrit;le ErWP*as 11ATmEn8111137v at the Office by of others, it is, perhaps, the noblest manifestation of Englishman's 1
Two o'clock on the day of publication.
HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. human power. " great fact."
To estimate aright the merits of CLARKSON, and the greatest facts, i
Tuns Day.--Mrning, in 7
in. path N' AfAfternternoon,oon, iii in mimin. n.
past Paid
es 8. efficacy of his labours, care must be taken to claim no ever known ;
To-nnaaom.-Morning, nun. past 10;
more for him than his due. A conviction of the cri- amongst other i
minality of slavery had made considerable progress, expecting an en
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 30. before his attention was drawn to the subject. GRAN- ripe forthat. Th
Mr. WseeEe's annual rural fete, at Bearwood, vILLE SHARP'S " Representation of the injustice and and yet be toles
i held on Saturday last, presents a most pleasant dangerous Tendency of tolerating Slavery in Eng- be no contest al
contrast to the agricultural meetings which so fee- land" was published in 1769 ; the trial arising out of one side, and 3.
i quently occupy the newspapers with their proceed- the case of the negro Somerset, in which it was de- LAND on the I
logs. The assemblage comprised not only the ten- ' cided that as soon as a slave seta his foot on English " doctors disag
entry, but the servants on the estate ;in short, all territory he becomes free, took place in 1772; four pam- We wait, it
1 whom it brings into relation with the proprietor as hlets • tslave were üblishedb Stiseeinl776. to-day's elevati
P aflaws rY P Y
landlord or master. There was no prize-giving non- The fact that the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge pro- recorded and it
sense. If Virtue walked to the festival in high shoes, posed, in 1785, the legality of making others slaves, as statue must fail
they were of Virtue's own buying. No german-text a prize question, and that ChAttbsoN, to prepare himself enough for Ar
testimonials, framed and glazed, were distributed to for writing on the subject, began to study the African this subject is
be hung up in cottages ; to tell futurity how the slave trade, proves that the discussion had already dilletwite quan
labourer half-starved himself to keep his family from attracted considerable notice. The new church
the parish, and how the landlord approved his which held the faith of man's freedom, already The appoint;
privations. It was a merry holiday, where they counted many members before CLARKSON was led to Court of (Suet
whose tills have reference to the same pro- join it. But he took part in its first organisation in cessur to Sir Jo
perty, mingled, on frank and cordial terms, in the a visible form in May, 1787 ; and he was from that
same enjoyments. time the most indefatigable, dauntless, and efficient The Paris ia
We may scent to be occupying ourselves with of its missionaries respondence ha
a private affair by adverting to this fete ; but He was employed as the agent of the Association genre that the
transactions which Might be passed over silently, for the Abolition of Negro Slavery, in visiting the pro- as it had been
on that :.ore, at other times, have their putric slimes to collect evidence of its enormities, and proofs the Duke d'Au
importance now, when so much of the har- that it was possible to substitute an innocent and The Fr.enneh ymilieus co-operation of society depends upon the lucrative traffic with Africa; to promote co-operation
P The D7bncitst
manner in which landlords adapt themselves to the among the friends of the negro; and to gain
subject of the
new policy of the country. The Bearwood Festival converts to the cause. For seven years he however, in ea'
is not, indeed, a novelty, but has been continued kept up n correspondence with four hundred that the reply
through many years. Mr. WALTER only pursues persons, and trayelled upwards of thirty-five thousand contain any an;
i his usual kindly and honourable course. It is not miles, to promote the cause of abolitioq. An anecdote journal says:
the less valuable as an example, to which new is related of him which places in a strong light his "It is likely t'
circumstances import additional recommendation. indefatigable perseverance. When in search of a vergmeij of the Agriculture has a transition state to pass witness to prove that slaves were obtained by force, have beenort:tisinl
through, and a new policy with which to con- he was told, by a friend, of a sailor who had been the public; but
form. Such meetings are far more likely to engaged in the traffic. The friend knew neither the l
resultsthen btuci. seert
render transition easy, and the future prosperous; man's name nor residence, but described his person, t cause uoiennee
than the vain regrets, the valuer prophecies, the fierce and said he appeared to belong to the navy. With pence and barn
vituperations, and the factious excitements, which this faint clue, CLARKSON visited in succession all the opposition journ
gatherings, generally characterise agricultural fit to invent ; if
ships belonging to the navy at Deptford, Woolwich, or give them out
After the Satisfies of our landed orators, Mr. Chatham, Sheerness, and Portsmouth; without sue- led to explanat
WALTER'S speech is an oasis in the desert. It makes ass. He then proceeded to Plymouth, and boarded blance to ind
1 as realise the idea of a neighbourhood. The common fifty-seven vessels before he found the man; whom he is•o°rmntiniunuwiTiticiini;
ntercsts of the locslity arc uppermost:: the new carried to London with him, and by his evidence made public, as such
Mergymari and his Christian counsels, the erection of a good the case of the abolitionists. Nor were these townlils andf establii
'arsonage, and before that of a School House where labours unattended with danger. The traders in slaves, tion' had)e X:null
ducation is to be established "on a sound and use- their customers and advocates, were not then, even in the Spanish go'
ul basis." All this is much wiser and better than this country, a cowed minority pleading their cause in That the Englist
—ing Sir Rons:nr PEEL. It promises more for a deprecating tone. The rich and the powerful were against
consentsuc;honart
astruction and moral culture than Lord RIPON'S their patrons ; and among the great public those who in case of this or
..:
itse ,
regret,a onkey cart. Some meaning is given to were not active partisans of slavery were disinclined Iss"
stir. indterPtir:
in favourite metaphor of the Protectionists, to innovation. Its assailants were disliked as troub- sent,
int the landlord, tenant, and labourer e are all lers of the peace of society ; and, encouraged by this taken in resp
i the same boat." They are so in this in- prejudice, the participants' in the gains of the traffic tfin tnedssaitryistiltreaut
i aarneenf;taknodi. pbitililniangnitoingeedth. erEpvleeans;Enrtlsi:EnnThA:ren
gisvneno
i seCLtAREMIESObo
Nu,ndlsirto the expe
tens ression ionn of their reseentmnehnit.
tainyieiliyuvAceenmyentlo:l),t
S
an
nce in
1 3 prediction, of a Wokingham petition for the repeal visits to the port of Liverpool. direct notilicatiot
• di "having ree-tride as made them • stressed aerie
,aerie King ; that the
f
With the abolition of the slave trade began addressed a deal
lturists," the date of - a few sessions" hence; which authorising him
CLsr.esoN's more comprehensive task of labouring
far enough off to be equivalent to leaving it un-hands of the Frei
for the abolition of slavery itself. In the course of
red. But Mr. FERRAN!) cannot be quiet. He was this
later struggle, he found leisure for com- English governor
mngely out of place at such a meeting, unless on • • ''' • ' • before the public
position; but his works are mainly sunplementary
tlmattached to
c principle that an occasional discord serves to to the thoughts his active- . and efforts of
to remain silent
hence the harmony.
In claming at the various quackeries of agricultural died as he had lived, labouring unweariedly in the tions of the oppo
ofwhose • CaIISC
.those sufferings had engaged his official source.
lociations, Nlr.W.turEit justly remarked that "none show how far
them professed to offer the only proper remedies ; slaves by the people of this country, with the cxcep- Ambassador at :
melt', regular employment and adequate rcmune- tion of a ehosen few • regarded as a nece
, was e,, Queen to congrat
ion. These were the only cures for the suffer- t f • 1..." announcement w
;s of the labouring population." Protection has come
eo socm economy. Long before his death
erly failed of producing that desirable result. It beenoteg to
be regarded as a crime. A revolution had the Queen, and
brought about in the moral sentiments of the congratulations ti
sex the labourers worse than it found them, both - Queen Isabella.
nation: and the main instrument in effecting the standing all the r
sparatively and absolutely. Extending over the change was the moral
authori •
ty which CLARKSON riages will take p
'rage length of an entire generation, it has lowered •
-. .. . ... derived from his benevolence, his sincerity, and his in thinking and I
resolution may b

I