The Express.
London, England, 1853-09-22 00:00:00

THE CHOLERA,

qANITART PRECAUTIONS.

fulto* tug Directions and Regulations of the
b of Health, issued under authority of the
Sa...meirs litmovel end Direues Prevention Act, 1948,
Sectias X., appear in a Supplement to the London Guctrte
of model, Sept. 20
Ta Local Beards of Health acting under the Public Health
Ad, IhIS; to Town Councils or other Aviles acting uud'..r
tic authority of Local Acts of Parliament in which the
Provi•ieas of the Public litalth Aet are included; to the
Guisiiess of the Poor of the several Unions in Eagiaad and
aloud in the First Schedule hereunto
to the Cluardisne cf ttie Poor of the several Parishts in
ErtLad and Wiles, named in the second schedule here.
unto incised. To the oversztrs of the poor of ail parishes,
taw:ships, end paces not comprised in the unions and
psr..hcs mentioned in the hrst sad second schedules here-
sy., innizsd. Tti the miyor, aldermen, and burgesses of

ales and boroughs, commissioners under local sets, the
surveyor. of highways, their deputies and assistant:, road
tru•'.os, commissioner% county surveyors, and other

per• At by law intrusted with the ears and manage.
scat of all streets, public ways and places in
asy parish or place in England and Wahs.
To the owners and cceul,iers of homes, dwellings, churches,
and place.' of assembly within the said unions and
parishes, and othen having the care and mitring thereof,
and to a.l whom it may concern—

Whereas by the provisions of " The Nuisances Removal
and Diseases Prevention Art, 1845," for the prevention of
epidemic, endemic, and contagious diseases, we, the General
Board of Health, are euthorised to issue such direct i ice end
regulation. as we shall think 6: for the prevention (as tar as
possible) or mitigation of epidemic, endemic, or contagious
disease : And whereas by the maid act it is provided that the
directions and regulations to be teemed as aforesaid shall ex-
tend to all parts or places in which the said provisions of
ths said act shall for the time being be in force, under the
order of her Majesty's Priey Council, unless such directions
or regulations saall be expressly confined to WWI of such
pays or placc., and then to such pares or places as in such
direction and regulations shall be specified:
And whereas by an order of her Ilejeste's most Honour-
abl, Tray Cruncel, bearlog date the 15th day of September,
1-1.5;, the said provisions of the said act were directed to be
pot in force throughout the whole of Great Britain for a
period of six calendar months thence nest ensuing:
Now. in eleat'se of tne authority vested in us as sten-
We, the General Board of Health, do issue the (lieu.
t ri gelatines hereinafter unnamed, to cattail to all
port. and places within the several unions, parishes, and
p,oces throughout England sad Wales—that is to any :
1. W. direct that all the local authorities charged by the
femmes Lodging Home* Act. ISO', with the execution of
that act, shall see that the provisions of the said act, and any
act amending .he same, an enforced forthwith.
2. We direct the guardians, overseers, and
pusses* as aforesaid, to order the clerk to the
geanhaue of any such maim or parish, forthwith
upon the putt:cation of these direction', to make out, from
the ree:ellisel officer's books, or other sources of informatioa
readily obtainable Ly him, • list of the Wiese within his
union or pariah when cues of cholera, diarebma, typhus
freer. epidemic, or any endemic disease, may have lately
been lenient: ; and to give the list or portico. of the list
re jo•iug to ' districts to the medical (Attest of each
district te which it shall relate. Acid the medical officer of
every union or parish shall visit the places wituin his
district named in such list, and any other pions within
it, sad osmium the houses situate in such places, as to
their mend 'modifies in respect to cleanliness, or as to
any neater: predisuang and removeable count of discs.,
Licely to affect the inmates thereof.
.i. We direct the guardians, overseen, or persons to whom
these regulation* may apply to order the said medical
officer to inquire into the state of the health of the inhobi-
tonts of all such places, and into the state of health of the
children is school+, of the workpe ople in places of work,
and of the inmates of common lodging homers, and where
he shad l•SCeflaill that any can of diarrhoea or of any pro-
m .t.itory stag.. of an epidemic disease exists to treat or
dacei the 41.A:sant of the same at mot.
I. And such medical officer, where it may be necessary,
sheil certify in writing to the guardians of his union or
parish all such places as are in a state dangerous to health,
or as need frequent and effectual eleisasit.g by way of
pretension (against disease, and such dwelling-houses as
are las filthy and unwholesome condition, and all such
'neonate' and matters injurious to health as ouvht to be
&betel, clewed, sod moved under these regulations.
5. We direct that all town councils, and other governieg
bodies of cities and boroughs, commissioners under local
acts, local boards of health, surveyors and district or assis-
tant surveyors of highways, road trustees or coraminiouen,
county surveyors, and others now by law intrusted with the
care sad management of the streets and public ways and
places within the paf•hes and places to which these direc-
tions and regaletious extend, shall see to the effectual and
continued cleansing of all such of the streets, rows, lanes,
mew., courts, alleys, and passages, sad public ways add
places, under their ruperfive ease and management, as by
the medical officer of the guardians or others authorised to
superintend the execution of these directions and regula-
tions shall be certified in writing to be in a state dangerous
to health, or to require frequent and effectual cleansing by
way of precaution against disease ; and shall canes all filth,
ordure,. and nuisances to be removed therefrom.
6. We direct that when any sack streets, ram, lanes,
stews , MOM, alleys, MA say peasegee, public ways, or
plans all which ray beamass toneimenee adjoin, which have
set bass isteseted b, le the este es nom meat of any
tags 111111•111, Wei erreng el beabb, nee neer., sur-
veyor., or ethos, have been smiled in writing by
such mellffiTatroeincer as eibeamid to be in a state dangerous
to health, or to require sash frequent and effectual cleans-
ing, every occupier of • house or tenement so adjoining shall
keep or cause to be kept sufficiently cleansed every part of
the street, row, lane, mews, court, alley, or passage, way or
place,which adjoins the Coen or tenement occupied by him,
which works of cleansing sad removal of filth, ordure, and
nuirances required by these directions and regulations shall
be done by effectual washing or otherwise, and with the
use of fluids or substances for preventing the escape of
noxious Heinle during the operation, when the medical
officer of the guardians or others authorised to superintend
the execution of these directions and regulations shall
direct and prescribe the same.
S. We do hereby require the said guardians and over-
seers, and all other persons to whom these present regula-
tions are addressed by themselves or by their officers or
persons, already employed by them, or to be specially ap-
pointed by them in this behalf, to superintend and see to the
execution of the foregoing directions and regulations within
their respective unions, parishes, or places over or in which
they may legally have jurisdiction.
S. And where it shall appear that by want or neglect of
the town council of any city or borough, local board of
health, commissioners surveyors, trustees, or others, in-
trusted with the care Ind management of streets and public
ways and places as aforesaid, or by reams of poverty of the
occupiers or otherwise, there is any default or delay In the
cleansing of or ,removing nuisances from any street, row,
lane, mews, court, alley, passage, or public way or place
certified as aforesaid, within any of the said unions, parishes
or places, we direct the guardians of such union or 'push,
or the overseen of such parish, and all other persona haling
legal authority within such parish or place, to cause such
street, row, lane, mews, court, alley, passage, way, or plans
to be effectually cleansed, sod all nuisances to be removed
therefrom, and to do all acts, matters, and things necessary
for that purpose. •
9. We also direct that when and so often as any dwelling
house in any part or place to which these directions and
regulations extend is in such a filthy and unwholesome
condition as to be • nuisance •to or injurious to the health
of any person; or where, upon, adjoining to, or near any
premises, or any pan or place, u aforesaid, there is
any foul and offensive drain, ditch, gutter, privy, cess-
pool, or übpit, or any drain, ditch, gutter, privy,
cesspool, or ashpit, kept or constructed so as to
be • nuisance to or injurious to the health of
any person; or where, upon, adjoining to, or near any
such premises, swine, or any accumulation of dung,
manure, offal, filth, refuse, or other matter or
thing is kept, so as to be a nuisance to or
injurious to the health of any person • or where,
upon, adjoining to, or near any such premises,
being • baildiog used wholly or in part as • dwelling house,
or being premises underneath any such building, any ani-
mal is kept so as to be a nuisance to or injurious to the
health of any person.
In each of the above recited cases the owner or occupier,
and persons having the are or ordering of such dwelling-
Louse, or of the premises where the nuisance or wetter in-
jurious to health may be, or where they by resent of
poverty, or otherwise, arc unable, then the town council,
local board of health, guardians, commissioners, or over-
act', shall cleanse, whitewash, or otherwise purify, u the
use may require, such dwelling-Louse or baildiug, or abate
or remove the nuisance or matter injurious to health,
as aforesaid, with all reasonable speed after the publication
of thee, our directions and regulations, or after the :minion
or matter lajliti23l to heilth stall have arisen.

•
10 Wh there shall not be a town council, local
board of health, or other governing hody of a city or borough
or commissioners haying jurisdiction for the removal of
calmness, or where such council, local board of
health, governing body, or commissioners shall not
cause to be effectually executed such directions, we
direct the said guardians and overseers, as the
can may be, to visit, from time to time, or cause to be
viiittel, the several dwellings and places where there may
be /woad for believing that necessity will arise for sae-
cubes such directions; and where, from the poverty of
wispier, or otherwise, there may be default or delay
in the c;eaniicir or puryfying of any such dwelling-house,
or the abatement or removal of any such nuisance or mat-
ter
usjanaus to health, and the medical officer, or other
person duly authorised as aforesaid, shall have certified
that the same requires immediate attention, and where,
from want of co-operation of the owners or oceu
pp re, there is any delimit or delay in cleansing any
KAI end offensive drain, ditch, watercourse, or gutter
ia•u rebid% several dwellings or tenements may drain,
—to cause stub dwelling-houses to be cleansed sad
purified, and such drain, ditch, watercourse, or gutter
to be frequently end effectually cleansed, and such
nuisance or matter injurious to health to be abated and re-
sieved mpectively, and to do all acts and provide all mat-
ten and things necessary for that purpose.
11. Maerr medical ..,ffleer shall forthwith, anon any un-
mos: amen,• of diurr::m3, or any case of cholera, or of I
typhus., or other epidemic, endemic, or contagious disease

becoming known to II within jib amiss= Bo same
to tone Board of Oir.rdians of his mien at
12. On the 0-..currence of say unusual prevalence of
distil ma, air of severe premonitury symptoms of the disease
of rlitixrs, 0: any severe epidemic discos'', in any school, or
place of work, or amocg the inmates of any establishment,
which sheen appear to be overcrowded, the medical officer
shall. 'en soon as fe shall he informed thereof, and it he
deer.e it oeces-ary, order the separation of the inmates of
was school, place of work, or establishment, and direct such
HI be taken as shall appear to him to be expedient
to prevent the spread of the disease.
13. And where it shall sufficiently appear to such guar-
dians, over.sers, or others to whom these regulations apply,
by certificate of their medical officer, or of the medical au-
perint►odisg inspector of the General Board of Health, or
otherwise, that cholera or any other severe epidemic, en-
demic, or contagious disease, is present or imminent in any
union, parish, or place, and that extraordinary mouical aid
is required fur persons resident within such union, parish,
or place attacked or threatened to be attacked by cholera,
or other severe epidemic, endemic, or contagious disease, or
for the discovery and treatment of persons so attacked or
- threatened, we direct such guardians, overseers, or per-
son as aforesaid, to provide, as soon as may be prattles
file, sufficient medical aid for examination, b 7 hour,.
to-house visitation, of the state of the inlabitants of
the union, polish, or place, and for medical treatme ,se of
persons found to be threatened or affected with chef era, se
such epidemic chemise, or symptoms premonitory thereof,
and fur w.truing and instruction of such prrsoora, end for
the provision in suitable places of such medicines,. es nay be
required within their respective unions or pretence for us.
cessitous persons attacked by cholera or b y premonitory
symptoms, and to make arrangements for the distribution
of notices stating the places where such r.id and medicines
shall have been provided.
14. To ensure proper treatment in 'their own houses to
many of the poorer clam, we require the said guardians.
when it shall appear to their medical officer, or to the
Medical Superintending Inspector of the U I Board of
Health, that such extraordinary aid is requisite, to preside
suitae:e rooms, or places capable of accommodating neces-
sitous cr.'''. to which resorts attacked by cholera, who
cannot he properly treated in their own homes, may he con-
veyed.
Id. We direct the said guardians, where it shall appear to
their medical officer, or to the Medical Superintending In-
spector of the General Board of Health, requisite, to pro-
vide rooms or places of refuge to which may be removed the
families of such necessitous persona as have been attacked
with cholera, awl also such necessitous persons living under
the simo roof with or in the vicinity of persons atta.ked, as
the medical officers, acting under the authoritz of the 'Lid
guardians, may deem it necessary to remove, and to cause
the houses, reums, or dwellings from which persons may
have beers so removed to the houses of refuge to be
cleansed and purified by the owners or persons having the
care or ordering thereof, or, in their default, by the said
guardians.
16 On the occurrence of any case of cholera, or other
epidemic, endemic, or contagious disease, is any room oc-
cupied by one family or more, the medical officer of ties'
union or parish attending tho case shall cause to be re-
moved either the patient or so many of the occupants of
such room a. he shall consider would, wale." removed, tend
to prevent the recovery of the patient, or endanger the
spreading of the disease.
17. In case of death by cholera or any other severe
epidemic, endemic, or contagions &seat*, the last medical
attendant upon the Peron of the deceased, or, in case of
there having been no medical attendant, the housekeeper
or person present at the death, or who shall be in charge of
the body, shall forthwith notify the fact of the death to the
medical officer of the district charged with the execution of
these orders, for the prevention of the spread of such
disease, and the medical officer shall give such directions as
may appear to him needful is respect to the care, re-
meal, and the time of interment of the body, for prevent-
log toe cemmonication or spread df disease. And we
hereby authorise and require all persons to give such in-
formation or such assistance to such medical officer, and to
be otherwise aiding him, as he may need in the execution
of these orders.
IS. In the event of the fatal termination of any case of
cholera, or of severe epidemic, endemic, or contagious dis-
ease, in any room occupied as a living or sleeping room by
one family or more, or by numerous persons, the medical
officer of the district, so soon as he shall be informed of
the death, shall cause to be removed, as speedily 111 may
be, the corpse from the same premises, or, if this be not
convenient, shall cause the persona occupying such rooms
to be removed therefrom until the corpse can be conve-
niently removed and properly interred.
19. And we direct the sate guardians to make arrange-
ments for obtaining daily lists of persons attacked by
cholera or other epidemic disease within their respective
unions or parishes, with the particulars of their eases and
treatment, and fur communicating the Name daily to the
General Board of Health.
21). Anil we direct the said guardians, where it may ap-
pear needful, to appoint such additional medical officers,
and also to appoint such other officers as may be necessary
to execute :used superintend the execution of these regula-
tions, and to publish and circulate, by private handbills
or other means, notices of the provisions of the said set
fur the prevention of nuisances, and of our directions,
regulations, and instructions, or of .such part of any of
them as it may appear to them expedient to make publicly
known.
21 And we direct that in thew directions and regulations
the words " guardians of the pew" shall mean the geardi-
sins, directors, wardens, governors, or other like officers
having the management of the poor of any union, parish, sr
place where the matter requiring the cogaisauce of any
such officers arises; and the word " parish" shall include
every place where the relief of the poor is administered by
a board of guardians for such place.
Given under our hands and under the seal of the General
Board of Health, this twentieth day of September, one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
(Signed) EDWIN CHADWICK.
T. SOUTHWOoD SMITH.
[Schedules are appended to the document containing the
names of the towns, parishes, dm., to which the regulations
apply-)

N E WCASTLIL
(From tie Board cot Ilis/th.)
Barnum= 29.
DEATIIS IN NEWCASTLE.
Cholera
Diarrhcca

Total ..

118

No returns from Gateshead.

Extra medical visitors have been sent for, and five
gentlemen have proceeded from London to work
under the local authorities.
The tents granted by the Ordnance have arrived,
and SO will be pitched to-night.
LIVERPOOL.
Several deaths have lately occurred from cholera
in Liverpool. They are chiefly confined, however,
to German emigrants. The Pelican, screw steamer,
Captain Burns, arrived at Liverpool on Tuesday
evening from Rotterdam. She had cholera on board,
one passenger having died of that disease on Sunday
last during her homeward passage. She was im-
mediately put into quarantine. The other passengers
and crew are in good health.

A meeting of the medical profess ion of Manchester
was held yesterday morning, having been convened
by Dr. Iladford and Mr. J. Turner, surgeon,
at the request of the Sanitary Association, to eon-
eider the propriety of memorialising the au-
thorities of the city on " the propriety of
immediately adopting inch precautionary and
preventive measures for preserving the health
• of the district as the experience of the profession may
r deem necessary." The proceedings were private, but
we learn that a large number of the profession at-
: tended, including Dr. Radford (who presided), Dr.
Watts, Dr. Wilkinson, Dr. Reid, Mr. Turner, Mr.
Wilson, Mr. Windsor, Mr. Ker, Mr. Hatton, &c. A
long string of resolutions were agreed to, in which
the attention of the authorities of the mayor, alder-
men, and town council were directed to the crowded
state of some districts of the city, and the necessity
for further sanitary measures, and suggesting that
the powers of the Board of Health should be put into
force.
SHIELDS.
WEDNESDAY FORENOON.—There have been six
deaths from cholera in South Shields since Monday
morning. Four young persons, two adults. Both
the adults were above 50 years of age. We have
had no deaths since yesterday morning, and tho
town is reported to be generally healthy. North
Shields with its large seafaring population keeps
clear of infection, and there has only been one death
from cholera in that town since the epidemic broke
•
out. The authorities in both towns are very active
in promoting the health of the population ; the large
river engine being profitably employed daily in
pouring thousands of tons of saltwater into the back
knee of North Shields. Above 100 men are engaged
in that town in sweetening it and putting it into a
good sanitary condition. The water supply in both
towns is fair. The Newcastle Trinity House has
appointed proper medical officers to look after the
@Lipping in the harbour. They are healthy, how- ,
ever. The middle classes of Newcastle are flocking ,
to the watering Oates on the coast. The atmosphere
is bright and clear to-day.

DEPARTURE OF THE AMERICAN MAILS.—LIVER-
root, WEDNISDAT.—A bout two o'clock this afternoon the
tiaited States mail steam ship Baltic, Captain Comstock,
sailed from the Mersey for New York, with the tonal mails,
176 penmen, and a full carpi of merchandise on board.
Previous to her departure copses of the Daily News of this
date (Sept. 21) were placed on board by Messrs.
and Smith, news sgen% Liverpool, for the press and news
/09M1 of the western continent.