The Express.
London, England, 1853-07-06 00:00:00

ITALY.

The Pietbnontese Gazette of the Ist inst. publishes
the law voted by the Senate and the Chamber of
Deputies, reserving to the government the esta-
blishment and working of telegraphic lines, with
the exception, however, of the special conventions,
which may be stipulated by the government with
railway companies. Any person who, in violation
of that law, shall transmit signals, with telegraphic
machine or otherwise, to any distance whatever,
shall be punished with fine or imprisonment.
In its sitting of the 30th ult., the Piedmontesc
Senate, in addition to several bills of local interest,
voted one for the repair and excavation of the ports
of the state, and another introducing certain modifi-
cations in the customs tariff. A bill was presented
for the abolition of the pillory.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

The following extraordinary document reviled
London yesterday. A cersion differing somewhat
from the present has been published with omifisions
which are here supplied :
" By the grace of God,
" We, Nicolas 1., _ _ .

" Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias and
Czar of Poland, &c., &c., &c.,
" Inform all people.

"Be it known to our beloved and faithful subjects,
" The defence of our faith has always been the
sacred duty of our blessed ancestors.
" From the day it pleased the Almighty to place
us on the throne of our fathers, the maintenance
of the holy obligations, with which it is inseparably
connected, has been the object of our constant care
and attention; these, acting on the groundwork of
the famous treaty of Kainadjir, which subsequent
solemn treaties with the Ottoman Porte have fully
confirmed, have ever been directed towards uphold-
ing the rights of our Church.
"But to our extreme grief, in latter times, not-
withstanding all our efforts to defend the inviolability
of the rights and privileges of our orthodox church,
numerous wilful acts of the Ottoman Porte have in-
fringed upon these rights, and threaten finally the
entire overthrow of all that ancient discipline so
precious to orthodoxy.
"All our efforts to restrain the Porte from such
acts have proved in vain, and even the word of the
Sultan, solemnly given us by himself, was soon faith-
lessly broken.
" Having exhausted all means of conviction, and
having in vain tried all the means by which our just
claims could be peaceably adjusted, we have deemed
it indispensable to move our armies into the pro.
vinces on the Danube, in order that the Porte may
see to what her stubbornness may lead.

" But, even now, we have no intention of com•
menciog war; in occupying those provinces, we wish
to hold a sufficient pledge to guarantee for ourselves
tho re-establishment of our rights under say circum-
stances whatever. _

" We do not seek for conquests : Russia does not
require them. We seek to vindicate those rights
which have been so openly violated.
" We are even yet ready to stop the movements of
our armies, if the Ottoman Porte will bind itself
solemnly to respect the inviolability of the orthodox
church ; but if obstinacy and blindness will it other.
wise, then, calling God to our aid, we leave it to Him
to decide our quarrel, and in full confidence in the
right hand of the Almighty, we shall move forward
on behalf of the orthodox faith.
" Given at Peterhoff on the 14th (26th) day of
June, io the year of the birth of Christ, 1863, and of
our reign the 28th.
" Sealed at the Senate in St. Petersburg on the

14th (26th) June, 1833.
" To the original of this document the own hand
of his Majesty is signed. NIKOLAI."

Such is the address of the Czar to his subjects.
In its professions of peace, mingled with artful war-
like appeal to a fanatical spirit, it resembles nothing
so much as the manifesto of the same Nicolas which
preceded the Turkish campaigns of 1828-29. The
difference is that now the Czar is not able to
allege a single act or omission in justification of the
invasion which he announces. Not the least attempt
to abridge the liberties-ef--the Greek Christians has
the Czar been able to allege. The Sultan, instead of
violating the privileges enjoyed by his non-Maho-
median subjects, has confirmed them. Finally, the
Turkish minister has just replied to insulting and
menacing demands by language full of moderation
and dignity, and offered to send an ambassador to
St. Petersburg, to ascertain how far it may be pos-
sible to satisfy the desires of the Czar con-
sistently with the independence of Turkey. It con-
siderably enhances the war-like character of the
Russian manifesto that it is a purely gratuitous
document. As a declaration of war—or of occupa-
tion—as the case may be, it was not necessary ac-
cording to the recognised international usages of
Europe. The occupation was declared conditionally
in the note of Count Nesselrode to Resehid Pacha.
As an explanation to friendly powers it has been
anticipated by the circular despatch of the 11th ult.
As this despatch had been printed in the Journal d.
St. Petersburg by order of the Czar for the informa-
tion of his subjects, they had been fully informed as
the matter. But the short inflammatory address
now published has a character of its own. It mann
all reasoning, avoids explanation, and stating r
simply as untruly, that the religion of Russia has
been injured, raises the standard of a holy war.
The publication of such a document addressed to
an ignorant people in their own language
seems to be the act best calculated to render
peace impossible. The Assemble Nationale, like
some other organs of Russia which,ashamed or afraid'
to produce their arguments in the face of western
enlightenment, is fighting the Czar's battle with pre-
dictions, professes to see peace secured by the tem-
porary occupation of the principalities. But when
the hypothesis of these journals is analysed it is
found that the weakness and pusillanimity of France
and England are an essential part of their peace
theory, and the Emperor of Russia is to retire from
the Moldo-Wallachian territory with the concessions
which Prince Menchikoff demanded. Other jour-
nalists, more honest, hope much from the good
offices of Austria, which, it is again asserted, have
been accepted by Russia. But good offices are now
both too soon and too late. It is not pretended that
the good offices of Austria will prevent the crossing
of the I'ruth, and when that movement has
been made Russia, pursuing her ends by force,
will, according to the definition of Vattel, be
at war. These successive statements announcing
the acceptance of Austria's good offices should
also, to be worthy of notice, include the intelligence
that the Russian troops have been halted until the
Czar had rejected or accepted the Austrian proposi-
tion; but instead of employing the mediation of the
Kaiser, the Czar stimulates the passions of his people.
Another rumour is that a congress of sovereigns is to
be held, and that the Emperor of Russia has con-
sented to respect its decisions, whatever they
may be. Whenever, for the last two or three
years, any difficult European question has been
raised, this has been a s uggested expedient. A