The Express.
London, England, 1862-06-19 00:00:00

THE INDIAN IMPORT DUTIES'.

Yesterday a numerous and influential deputation
from the operatives of various manufacturing towns in Lan-
cashire waited upon Sir Charles Wood, at the India-home,
for the purpose of presenting memorials praying for the
abolition of the duties imposed on British manufactured
goods imported into India.
Colonel Warm% Parma, in introducing the deputation,
reed the memorial from the operatives of Blackburn, which
he said socialised the gist of the memorials from other
towns. It set forth that the memorial ate were wholly de-
pendent on the coitus trade, which by the unhappy overdo
of the put year had beams so terribly couvuleed. as
to deprive thousands of persons of the means of living.
The memorialists urged that there bad within the last
three months been a huge falling off in the quantity of Eng-
hat manufactured goods imported into India, and concluded
by asking that the existing imposts should be totally re-
pealed. Colonel Patten pressed on the attention of Sir
Charles Wood the fact that the object of the deputation was
not confined to the removal of the Indian duties ; they
desired also to call the earnest attention of the government
to the necessity of giving every enconragennot to the
increased supply of cotton, upon which quite as much de-
pended as upon the reduction of the Indian duties.
The prayer of the memorial Laving beensupportedhy vari-
ous
ir C. sers,
SpeakWOOD replied at some length. Having expressed
his admiration of the manner in which the operatives in the
distressed &Arleta were bearing their misfortunes, and
dwelt upgi the cause of them, he proceeded to refer to the
arguments which had been brought forward with regard to
the Indian import duty on cotton goods, which was the
ground of complaint. With regard to the redaction asked
for be had only to state that he could not afford to
pert with the duty. What might be done in time In the
way of reducing the expenditure he could not say ; but no
effort would be spared in order to effect a reduction. Cus-
toms duties', however, were one of the sources of revenue
most easily raised, and till he saw his way to the imposition
of some other duties he could not spare these. IS ith re-
gard to the cultivation of cotton in India the government
were giving it all Um eosouragenteat they could, by providing
increased facilities for transit. His belief was that the sup-
ply of cotton in India might be very largely increased,
although this could not be done at mos. He hoped, how-
ever, that in the course of time the increase would be so
large that our manufacturers would cease to be dependent on
the American supply.
Colonel WILSON PATTIN mid he thought the deputation
bad a rigbt to ask Sir Charles not to give any encourage-
ment to the people of India to believe that this would be a
permanent duty. Whether erroneously or not, it was
thought in England that this tax was raking up a compe-
tition against our home manufactures and although it
might not be possible now to reduce the; duty, it was to be
' hoped that no encouragement would be given to a rival ma-
' nufacture which it was thought might be got up if these
duties were continued.
. _

air C. WOOO Nei no mob promise os
b. giro'.

THE LANCASHIRE RELIEF FUND.

The following additional donations were received
yatenday in aid of the Lansiehire mad Cheshire Relief
Fund :—Meeers. Dalgety and Co., 501. ;J. S. P., ;P.
S., ; Mr. George Wright, 51. ; Mr. Alexander Gibson,
K. D., IW. ; Kim Harriet Miley, 51. ; & Frieed, 51. ; Mr.
Josh. Storey, 21. se. ; A. F. C., It. ; Mr. James Brewster,
11. le. ;B. 8., It. Is. ;C. F., ; Mrs. IC., 10s. ; Collected
in the Holyhead Harbour and Breakwater Works, per Mr.
T. Hart, U. 10a. 13d. ; A. 8., 55. ; Colour•Sergeant C.
Herber, 43rd Regiment, 10s. dd. ; A /Blanes Collectioti in
Clare Cdlege, Cam 11. lle. ; Min Heckles, 21. ; Mr.
Salem C. Harri, 11. ; Kies Maria Forbes, U.

RAILWAY BINIVOLIDIT INSTnruncnc—Last even-
ieg the first public dinner which has been given at
the International Exhibition took plaits in the grand
saloon of that building, in celebration of the fourth
anniversary of the above institution. The Duke of
Buckingham sad Chandoa occupied the chair ; and was
supported by Lord Alfred Paget, M.P. ; Sir Harry Verney,
M.P. • Mr. J. P. Brown-Weethead, M.P.; Mr. C. W.
Eborii, Mr. C. E. Stewart, Mr. Harry Chubb, Mr. Henry
Cook, Mr. D. Stevenson, aid =ay other goademen whose
names are wall known in connexion with the railway inte-
rest of this country.

TEN UNITED STASES AND CANADIAN MAIL DNS-
PATCHEB.—n. 10111•4 Company's ICTSW steamship (Sty of
Baltimore, with the United States and Canadian mails and
a full coinplemeat of pawengen, ailed from the Mersey
Testerday (Wednesday) for New York, rid Queenstown.
o-day (Thursday) the Canadian mailiesainehip Anglo Saxon
mails from Liverpool for Quebec, rid Londonderry, with the
British America and 'Caked States Mails. On Saturday
next the Royal Mall deamship Soot's leaves the Mersey
with the mails for New York, kc. The Europa, with dates
from Boston to the 11th sod Halifax to the 13th inst., is the
next steamer due from America. As she is not oue of the
fasted veseds, she is sot looked for at Queenstown before
Sunday next. Her news will no doubt he of the utmost im-
portance:
. .

A Jovaurris Irrentrnuay.—At the Shire-hall,
Nottingham, yernonlay, a bey eased George Bollard, aged
seven wel hikes before the sitting m4stratos,
w seeking Bre to some stacks at Wtduae-
poot (11 from Nottingham), the property of Mr.
farmer. It appeared that osi the previous after-
noon the primmer ha& same Inciter matches, one of which
he streak sad see Ira Iss a stack. The flames spread with
great rapidity, and three stacks were quickly on fire.
Great efforts wars teak to quench the flames, and iii'about
an hour end • half duly were subdued. Two stacks sad
a quantity of Tamable property wore destroyed. Whoa
apprehrwelek the pima' sokisowladged haring set fire
to the stooks. but whim before the beach he wept bit-
terly, eed bad ottflogoooo to mks. U. woo remanded until
Barmy- .

The fluctuations in the attendance at the Exhibi-
tion are too capricious to be accounted for on any
received theory. On Tuesday, when it rained in-
cessantly, the building was thronged ; yesterday,
which was fine, saw a comparatively slack attend-
ance. It appears now as if the attendance on
shilling days was to fluctuate between forty and
sixty thousand, and that by taking a mean the sum
total for the season might be at least approximately
ascertained. The Duke of Cambridge was amongst
the distinguished visitors, and also M. Rouher, the
French Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. The
sale of tickets in packages was rather brisk ; Messrs.
Crouse and Blackwell taking 141. worth ; Mr.
Emanuel, 101. ; St. John's School, Brighton, 21 ;
Mr. Macbmicbael (an agent), about 901. ; and St.
Giles' Ragged School, 101. The last we consider
to be a most gratifying item, for who some years
since would have thought of taking thepoor children
who fill the ragged schools to see such a sight as
the International Exhibition 1 A very interesting
visit was that of a party of aged women from one
of our metropolitan lunatic asylums, who were Care-
fully taken round the building, Ind seemed to take
considerable interest in its varied contests. -lie
galleries ere now beginning to be very much ex-
plored, the staircases exhibiting constant dresses
ascending and descending. Those who feel weeried
after the latter operation will be pleamid
examine on their arrival on the upper level the case
of Messrs. Godfrey, Hall, and Co., which a profound
strategical skill has placed exactly in the situa-
tion in which it was most likely to attract the notice
of visitors, whose minis or tender feet had been
tested and tormented in the ascent. As " Godfrey's
Cordial" is to mothers, so are Hall's " Palmas
Corium" boots and shoes, a " real blessing" to those
who, having affected preternaturally small feet in
their youth, are condemned to corns and bunions,
and other pedal horrors in their old age. Mr.
Hall has attacked the human foot like an expert=
mental philosopher, and hes carried out all Warm=
periments to successful practice by making an
almost endless variety of mgeniouily construcked
boots and shoes, calculated to meet every variety of
the infirmities With which be deals. His case is not
far from the head of cue of the staircases, and its sou
tents will well reward a careful inspection. The'
champion of the great stick and umbrella question'
still continues his attacks, both on the old lady in
the niche and her Majesty's Royal Commissioners.
He still insists upon the privilege of entering the
picture gallery with his umbrella at " the premed,"
whilst cm the other hand the owners of valuable
pictures threaten to take their goods away if the
commissioners do not take measures to preserve
them from dairage.
The number of visitor's yesterday was as follow', r
By season tickets,. ,3,97Ø ; by payment, 41,261 ;
total, 46,237.

TILE 1101714118111 D 1.42ar WJ

On Friday bud, Mr. •Lawarebteriained a very
distinguished party of foreign and beta senses to wit-
ness the results of the field experiments which have been in
sperstion at Roehismited fur sway years. Annie' the
visitors were the Memel de Samba , Barn Thenerd, Pro-
femme Schrineer, Perm; Von Folding,
Stes, Peligot, WoskresenakMut, Way, Abel Redwood,
M
and Anderson ; Be.. Weber Lonprtaff, Lethehy, Edward
Smith, Hugo iler, sad l'hoseas Thomson ; and Messrs.
Jacqumayas, Bella, Barrel,- Vilmotin, Sowetoff, Rom-
other.nue, Henn, liklmeider, Rack/en, Beecher* and
The party was received by Br. Lewes and Dr.
Gilbert, who explained the multi of the expwimeeta. The
plots of ground bet visited were those which had lime laid
oat for the purpose of entertaining the effect of different
kinds of manure as the growth of bay. The lead had beet
need for meadow lend for many centuries, slid sot ham sei•
tiBeially saga for at least 25 pass. The experiments oa
it were commenced in 1856, when the character of the herb-
diwas very uniform throughout ; and having been
vided into 1/ plots, each plot had, with a few exceptions,
been sepaistely manunid with the muss kind of manure
every year. Tha results were that the average produce of
hay per acre varied from 28 one. to 61. The former
was the yield of a plot minuted with auperphoephate of
lime alone, and the latter of one masured with mixed
alkalies, superphosphate. and ammonia salts But indepen-
dently of the diffecence in the amount of the produce, the
quality of the herbage was remarkably affected ;_ the
genera conclusioes being, that the effect of a mixed but
purely mineral manure upon the complex herbage of the
land was chiefly to develop the growth of the leguminous
plants, and scarcely at all to increase the produce of the
greminaceous plants or natural greases ; that the action of
purely nitrogenous manures wee to discourage the growth
of the leguminous herbage and to increase the produce of
gramiesnions bay ; and that the combination of nitrage•
nous and mineral manures increased the produce of peed-
naceous bay evenbeyond the sum of the increase yielded by
the two descriptions of manure used separately. Another
conclusion was, that carbonaceous manure had little or no
beneficial effect on the produce of hay. These effects were
most striking is the several plots as they stood side by side,
the luxuriance and abundance of one form of vegetation,
and the almost total absence of another, being very re-
markable.

Other experiments were belay made with leguminous
crops, as beans, peas, tees, and red clover. Some of these
were commenced in 1847, and the general results were that
mineral manures (more particularly potash and phosphoric
acid) increased the crop of beans very much during the early
years ; and to: a certain extent afterwards when
the semen was favourable for the crop. Nitrogenous
manures ce the other band predated very little effect, not-
withstanding that a leguminous crop contains two, three,
or more times es much nitrogen as a gramineceons one
grows under the same circumstances ; hut lepminonscrop
grown toolrequently on the erne land were peculiarly sub-
ject to disease, which no combination of manuring
seemed to obviate. In the case of red clover this
is' very remarkable, insomuch that after a few years
the plants died out, and even fresh seed would not cos-
tinue to grow. In feet, neither ammonia salts, nor organic
matter rich in carbon as well sa other constituents, nor
mineral manure*, nor a mixture of all, has availed to
restore the oloverelisiding capabilities of the land ; and yet
only a few husdred yards from the experimental
there is a kitchen garden which has been used in this ryl
for probably two or three centuries, in which year after
year there is a luxuriant growth of red eloper' which even
at the present time shows no indications of failure. The
question, therefore, so puzzling to farrows, respecting the
continued cultivation of red clover is here practically an-
swered, although the answer is still unintelligible.
In the wheat fields there were 22 experiment( being made
with different kinds of manure, the land being in each ere
cultivated with wheat and the same kind of manure year by
year for ten years rat. The condition of the plants at
the present time is strikingly different in the different '
plots of pound ; for where nitrogen, as ammonia or nitrates,
had bass used, the vegetation wee most luxuriant showing
bow this agent horde the plant through the dangers of he
early existence. The general results of the lest tee year.
were that the average annual produce varied with different
manures from 16 bushels of dressed corn per acre to 37
bushels. The former was the yield of land manured with
mixed alkalies (potash, soda, and magnesia) alone ' • and the
latter was the produces of land manured with mixed alkalieeel
superphosphate and ammoniacal salts. The land which''
had not been immured at all yielded only from 15 to 16
bushels per ere.
The barley experiments were alike interesting. The first
experimental crop was in l&i2, and from that time 441
average annual yield per hereof land, with the same manure
year after year on the same plot of ground, was from 25 1
bullish of dressed corn to 50, the former being the yield of
land manured with mixed alkalies, and the latter with
' mixed alkalies, superphosphate, and ammonia melts.
The experiments on root crops showed t ,hat with regard
to turnips, if no manure is applied to the land the produce
is reduced in a few year to a few hetadredweights per acre ;
but the diminutive plants contain an unusually large pro-
- portion of nitrogen ; that superphosphate is by far the most
effective manure ; but when this manure is wed alms the
immediately available nitrogen of the soil is rapidly ex-
. hausted ; and that really large crops of turnips etc only be
obtained when the soil suppliesa liberal amount of both
carbonaceous end nitropeous matter, mid the saperphes•
I puts is applied near to the seed.
Other experiments were also in operation on the rotation
of crop with differed manures ; but the results of them
can scarcely be kid in a few words.

ROYAL MADKIAL BionIVOLINT CoLLMOM.,--The
tenth mod festival of this inattention was celebrated
yesterday freeing at Willie's-rooms. 'The Earl ot
Pewits *tided, sad sown the '4•IW4 which sees-
band shoat 190. were Lewd Cbelastord. rroodost of ID
Wins ; lAN!' Roy. Dr. Robison, Muter it the Temple ;
Mr. 0. 0: Rani, Mr. 3. Awn" (hessurer),
Woad 011slinss, Dr. Rosake. Dr. Quirt, Dr. Erin.
los, Dr. Billing. the Rey. Dr. Thornton, heed ref
the collage ; the Rev. O. Mackenzie, Mr. Pratte,
Mr. Esnossk, ' Mt. itasisrides, Mr. J. Mr.
Tiliott. TIM WI al afisaripsisie aziointed the
assmitt•pe 0004

gniatied vocal and inalcornental performers, amoog whom
wars Mlle. Titian", Mille. Mimehaio, lime. Luise Michal,
Madame Gnerrabelle, Signor Belletti, Signor Bettini, M.
Gassier, Swam Chuglinl, Signor A rraudi, Signor Giraldoni,
Mr. Sans Baena, Signor Patti, M. Alfred Jaell, Raba-
stoma, and Signor Ardia. preplan's' was not only
rich in chain music, bat (what is rave on such oc-
casion) pranged some ialeresting novelties. Ma-
dame Lindadkischmidt sang several of her moat
'favourite pieceribe aft, Ore Ompeasse," from the
basaainiwin ; the skeet (Elk Mr. Rams), " Sails tombs,•
from Lucia di Lammermoor: the ke trio iwitk Msdlb.

Titiens and Mr Bermat, " Wirers, whet. 0 tenor 1" from
the Prandial: ; sad a dart, with her countrywoman Ma-
dame Michel, on Swedish melodies, full or beauty and m-
ama' character ; in all of which she wee most mitlemism
• tinily applauded. Signer Arditi, the she musical director
et Her Majesty's Theatre, appeared for the first time la
the capacity of a violinist, and played, with Pistil, I
rei duet far the "lolls sad viol/mmHg) in a very
masterly style. Mr. Goldschmidt and Signor Mad
played Mandelmolni's beantiful theme and variations for the
piano and vielsecelle ; sod Maws. Jaen and Rubinstein
played, es two pieties, Moechelee's " Homage i HamdeL"
• Among other fermi& . vocal pieces, Madile. Titian' meg
the karma rir teem Mosert's Seraglio, which she
ha sang wink r ark elect at • tweet Philhannonis
Osumi ; Mae Ileerrabelle and Signor Balloted gave the
dust, "Masque fear," from the Bortelre with greet buil-
limey and dramatis effect ; and Giuglini sang the air
apparl" from Martha, fur which, on being encored,
he enhetitated "Im deem a mobile" The oelebrated
quartet from ltigoletq etbsissbly sung by Madame Gwen-
tear, Mad/ la. Miffebielo, Signor Annandi, and Signor
Oisabieni, wee the Seale to this very interesting commit.