The Express.
London, England, 1865-02-14 00:00:00

THE DEFENCE OF CANADA.

RECONKENDATIONB OF THE DEPUTY-
DIRBOTOR OF FORTIFICATION&
This molding wm issued, by command of her
Maieety, for the information of parliament, the fol-
lowing letter to the fiecretaty of State for War, with
reference to the defence of Canada from Lieut.-
Colonel Jervoie, C. 8., Deputy-Director of

Fortifications :
YT Lord, WIR4IMON Jemmy, 1866.
L Harlon la madames with your lerdelp's deem
visited the British North Aesreas preesedoes daring
the mama of 1863. to ameriaM the medition of their
&domes% I pointed out to your lordship la my report
dated February, 1861, es the result of my inspection in
Canada. that the oriestruatios al certain works of fortifies-
dem at Masked and Whin wee sensetial to amble the
HALM troops sad local forces to reskt as awake by lb.
Asterisms with say premed of swam Is obedisoos to
your lordship's farther dim:oms, I again proceeded to
Canada in lb. beaming of September lest, for the ps-pose
of affording to Lord Wank sad to the proviso*" govern.
meat of Ow& *very infamatioe is my power as to the
/Assam which it la desirable to adopt for the defence of
WA ahoy. I ham sew the lessen• to report as follows :
2. I embarked at laverpeol fee North AMMIIIOII an the
3rd September last, end star visiting Halifax, Nova
Boot* sad trowelling through Now Branswich en route to
(beads, arrived as Quebec on the 73rd of the same month.
I thee communicated with Lord Moult with rderenoe to I
W shiest of my ritiedoe. I also prosiesded to Konereal to
meter with Lientensat.Clemeal film W. T. Williams, de
geseralananmedeg the troops in British North America.
Salmeggently I bad interviews with several members of the
goverameat of Meade, who met at 4.,,Meteo in October to
take pert in the reaferenos with the delegates frees the
provisoes of Nova Soot* Now Brunswick, Priam Edward's
Island, sad Newfmadhod, with reference to the promised
confederation of the provisoes of British Werth America.
3. Os the 13th Odder I bad • formal interview with
tho whole of the executive email, who thee requested me
to state my views sith respect to the daises, of Canada.
A keg conversation with the council took pear la ream-
queue of my steamed. which lod to • piper of Menke
berg addressed to me by the provincial geveiratuest. Them
(mations rendered it asamery for me to maks • detailed
examination of seam' positions M Upper Oseada. I
scoordisely receanaked the e witas about Kingdom, To-
rceto, Hamilton, London, Park, and other places. I then
prepared • report on the Mews of the whole et Camas,
embodyleg my answers to those questioes, which report 1
submitted to the lienteuest-genei. ' oommandiag, who 'igni-
ted his approval is math( of the measures recommesied
thecae. Oa my edam to glebe I placed my report la
W heeds of the °anodise government Alter Interviews
with the (*Tuscaloosa' and some of the memlare of the
oosecil, I left Quit 03 for New York and retuned to Reg-
lead at the sod of last November. _ _ _

4. Although the propeede which novice& from my core
inualeatios with the Oesedion government are stated in
my report to the cooled it may be convenient that should
stale beta, is this plate the views which I expressed at my
interview with the council.
5. I observed, that although, owing to the length ad
mato» of the frontier of Canada, it was Impossible to pro.
tent it throughout its whole utast, an seamy mod nem-
theism' enquire pommies of certain vital poet Wore he
amid obtain say deeded military advantage ; that then
are tidy a few suck points—red that if proper smogs-
went were made for the defeat* of those photo by the
coastruotioa of fcrtiloations, the pr.:W.li= of gun-boat,
sad the improverneet of oommunicatioos ; the militia sad
volunteer forme of the 000ntry. if properly celacised, and
sided by British troops, would be enabled to hold them
during the period (may about six months in the year), when
military operations on a large scale could be carried on
egaiast them, and thus those tenet could resist an at.
Leek with the best possible thanes of succor. I ranted out
that under this view, the positions of the greatest military
importance I. the country are Montreal end Quebec ; Mon-
treal, because, being at the head of the sea neviptioa of
the Si. Lawreeoe, tad the foots of all commtinication by
lead sad watts between the eastern mod westara districts,
it is the commercial and strategical capital of Canada, and,
from its position on the frontier, is, moreover, the petit
upon which the enemy could most readily make aped
attack ; Quebec, as being the first point of military OM-
reunkollen between Maeda and Great Britain, and the
Out to which the British forces mud retire, if over-
powered. I stated that with those two points placed in •
condition for defuse, and the river between Montreal and
Quebec commanded by iron-plated vessels, • successful reels-
tante could be made to any attempt to subjugate the
country so long as Great Britain had the command of
the ma.
I. I observed at the same time that, although bolds; at
the question from • pertly military eclat of view, the de-
fame al Lower Canada was by far the most important con-
sidasedene, I was, nevertheless, aware of the objections that
would be raised if no prevision were made for the defers*
of the country to westward of MeetreaL I remarked that
it was quite possible, under certain conditions and with
snakiest men aid means, to derive a scheme for the adobes
of Upper Canada ; the condition referred to being that
saltiest communication should be established with the
western districts ; that the country between Lakes. Louis
and Lake Ontario should be protected by naval in combi-
nation with military means ; that • naval depot should be
provided at Kingston, which place should be fortified, so
as to form • secure harbour for gunboats on Lake Ontario.
With the naval command of that lake, troops sodas for the
defame of the western peninsula of Canada might, It over-
penile& fall back upon its shore at Tomato, where. V
poem works were constraded, they might sot is seedeme-
Vim with the naval forte for the defense of that peon"
dialer eatil reinforcement arrived from other parts of the
easiskt. es will the winter mama obliged the easing to
Tom. The proposals for permute% &teases smatalited Is my
report to the Canadian government nay be divided seder
two beads :—Firat, the defence of Maeda so far as then,
communicatioe for ocean steam ships, i.e., am far westward
as Moon/sal inelosive ; second, the dame et the orantry
to westward of MostreaL Under the first head it Is pre.
posed that permanent works of fedidestioa shall be eve-
' atomism] for the defame of Montreal sod Quebec. Ceder
the mood bead ft is reposed to fortify Kisgetos, sad to
construct aortal& permanent works for the defect t
Toronto mid Heariltere against an attack from the Mire. My
report also contains suggestions with respect Is the pro-
. vision of genboste, the impreveummt of cords eenneuelea.
Moos, sad the coestructsen of works of defines width algid
be throws up in time of war.

rEBRUAN

W. bad ao
prischil
14'14 11 govegia.4
negtigia .1

of the a
-es to adept with a
4111 noon to inn .
At for Sang that
..,y myosin aad that
,f to meet th. mother mak, Is a fair and
ryi=lithe minaret which are requisite for
rof
0.1 tepid the wean ler the drines of Montreal ad
Quebec as ling el the meet mein isspertme. I call.
mete the earl of these fat thine 4100,0001. • them far
Hoths de/16oa edam willned at 4440304 ; sad that the armaments fee the
works eat about 100,0631 The weeks
of fortnearies reamonded at IU-owns. Tante, esd
Hamilton will soil about 600,0001., sad the arreasionte
lathes plans about 103,0004
10. Whit romped lie the eandition of the local forest of
Oneds, I ham the honour to slate for the =famines of
done lecdship, that there already oriel is the veiniest
towns el Canada sorrelcorps of volunteer Mink d the
diligent ems of the Nevin ward* to the legt
mon itmountiog fa the egging* to 21,700* toss
nee honestly tern out for dill, sad are paid
by the government for their onion. I saw
several of the volunteer regimens the tat at gashes ;
they were well domed sad appointed ; tan Messrenso
wag solherna and they worst through • irid-day very
creditably. I ken name to brine that the veiniest
I Iggith d Msstrsat Toroth, sad other $6OlO are at born
equal in nanny le the venders at gun= A gnat
C= ei the Asses el nee corps have ohnied tee-
pensissey hem military beards before whom
for ersinination.
e=tedthedilliAF the attenien of the Apra
nessemen lier the ladyear Ms directed
shir* is the establishimit military Merin ef intrue-
ries ifs AIM& The gemsatest rightly junta that it is
et the lest inertesse Is providing for the Wuhan al lb.
mill& Borne that there should be bin of tame so-
, rind nth the dens of the Winn peahens.
ly, two inn el 1114110111111111 for Ann
aro sow in Menties Oman—one is M.
auks with the 17th Regiment at gushes, the
ens with the 181 E Regiteset at Tweak. The lieseseen.
Inienie (who an nester al the schools) and morns d
thus entomb spongy told off to Sash, are fir this
lorries by the previ pograreset, sad ore
panted by the eneeele le the unitary pupils to
W depot of predisiney they hen attriesd
=aliened to melt for lerreene. A fin rime on
is gained to an tam who has made hintieff as
minted with the interior *mom of a Innen, sell gibe
IS enable of mairenv ring • batWles ; • mound rime mn
Mal* fis gins to oat who has learnt to drill sad hike I
arnmend of a company. Os the 17th October Lek 13
lid as and 107 mooed elm esetifiestes bid been paned.
There were at the same time 704 spplisants for admiesias.
The formation of addition schools on the gams principle
Ise then which sow exist at Qualm and Tozcsaht. sad for
geermate ea well as officere, is much to be
12. should hare observe that the prospect of the with-
dtawal el the imperial troop from the western districts is
seecirdases with the =Monona from this sentry previous
to the °sandman= morecnest has • depressing effect upon
the efforts that are brag made for the improvement of the
°essential of the militia of these districts. A. I have
already stated, a military Moot has been esiablished at
Tornio in conerin with on of her Illarety's regimen,
and with most Mialfactery results. If the Brinh Mops
were taken away tress the mem distrait, the mean of
lestrectios for the militia Is that part of the emery
would at the more time be withdraws, sad thus bad
end meld be penned amain the people of
gresrally.
may theme, as an additional ranee spirit the
L' slwithdrawal cif the troops from the went dig.
at an immediate expedite= of searly 50,0304 for
the asemmedena d the troops is lowest Canada would
be thsssty esedevol and that it midi be en-
adenine to Lieu this at the way time when
1$ is proposed to provide tient banish aerommodnion
is oonastion with the projected works et farrileation at
Kaaren sad Quinn I should ad.i that although the
laqbdity et the troops Meg out off would reader it
roue to leave a small and mrapported body dma
meters mann of Oands is time et war, the
ebjesties wend be materiatly dicsinirited if then were a
kegs sal
tare illsieM body of mint to set he easjusaties with
the tes
14. I bn therefore respeethdly to ',women to your
lordship that the troops at presest is the Weems
Penes& sheald tot he at present withdraws ; bat that
os the contrary, every essentormat should be afforded
to the imputation of the militia is that part tithe oeardry
by the promos et an imperial regiment at such station as
the peovissial goveraniest may Meet for the formatics cd
meths military gated is the same principles as these
which have bees established at Tenet art gene.
15. The Moaned number of militia-ores is Ganda of all
maks, Minim of the men@ ass between 45 sad 60 pen
years of ego, is 470,000. It therefore ensue Utak with a
proper organisation, a imp force could be mode available
for the defence of the previa= provided then were a rift-
dent staff of educated Slims and sca•aceninthiesed diners
to whom the S4llO el the metal battalion could Unitas&
wham called spas for duty. According to the latest report
from the swim, the sane' militia, se son as the go-
vern:eat aril be is a pities to mks the ballot, will
coexist, exclusive el enure. ef Iffilth she.
16. It appears advisable that some sensation shoed be
made with regard to the minions fellands which the
provincial Fret el Canada may hereafter obtain
from their ure fee militia plopeer. 1 have, there-
fore coma with Colowil lillurdo, the Inspectortis
mil of Volcanos is Great Brien, ou this subject, and
beg to submit the following suggestion :
17. It is proposed that the force should be organised
throughout the °pantry so as to best as equally as mein
en the populated el the semen dirtier; that, ia order
that the officers and men may be acquainted with each
other, the officers ahosld be ahem, so far as meticeble,
from those distrists, sad that their appointments should be
conditicosi on their qualifying themselves either at
the schools el instruotion, which have proved ei
se much value, or is any other way that
might Ind to the desired result, which should be
Wed by erwinatioo. The km thus owned should be
told off in companies sad hemline, somewhat as the
priacipla of the administrative battalloos of volunteers is
Great Betide. The companies would be drilled at their
respective head quarters, and might be agaseibled at
central points for battalion Instruction without necessarily
involving as abeenee of the men from their items for mire
than a day at • time. lli. There should be storehouses
for arms, aeooutrementa, and clothing at the head-quarters
of the several erenimies, under the ease of a sergesint-
instructor, who should be permanently ancient to each
company. The storehouses may be of NB isexpessive
cortructioe, and, for the make of sanity el the ante,
should be surrounded with a palisade or other eackware.
It would obviously be a great advents', to ban wine
available at all times for the practice of the as. of the
several companies who might be disposed to profit by their
use, With &view, therefore, to afford essouragemot both to
ofilorn, non-oxemiesiond affirm and me to work at rifle
intruction and prise shooting, there should also be a reap
provided in • cioneasent locality for nob eocapasy, or
portico of a company, en the tiresomeness of the locality
rendered desirable. By these arrangements the men would
obtain a fair knowledge of company drill gad norkeirry
C=which would much facilitate their Minutiae as a
6. 19. The permanent staff of • Minn should
consist of an adjutant and a sergeant-major for the Natalie°,
with a serpant-iestrunor for each company. Th• adjutant
should in the first instance be as experreced offiow from
regular army, gad should from to time visit the several
companies at their respective localities. 20. It is recoin-
needed farther that the country should be divided into
eoeveriient distriote for the compotratiou of the battalion
into brigade* sod division and that the several corps
should be rambled, if practicable. is camps for enters.
A brigade and division staff should be appointed for
purpose. 21. The permanent charges for this orpaisatieu
win' re the pay of the adjutants, the sergee.ot•majors,
and Sergeant-instructors; the cost of erecting storehouses;
the provision of arms, accoutrements, and clothing ; tb. pay
of such natation as might be celled out annually for
drill ; sad the outlay rapine for the education of officers
and ta at the schools of iestractiou as already es-
rig' 22. It is for coosideratiee whether, when not
embodied, the Matteis el a capitation grant is proportion
to the owned Ohioan of the members of ti= several
companies would not be desirable. (See Order is Council,
pages 36 to 4.1 of Voluateer Repletion for Great
Brit.= ; also Articles 259 to 278 of the same
regulations se regards the run nadir which the
capitation gran is distributed.) 23. It is brined
that as organisation en these principles would
afford the means of applying the feeds at the disport of
the Canadian government for militia to the best
iment, and with the inst amountof isenvenienes to the
widely mattered population of the emery.
14. Whether, however, this or any other possible arrange-
ment be made for the organisation of the militia of Canada,
it an sweaty be expected that the force that mid be
mustered at an outbreak of hostilities would be equal to
withstand the mem is the open lea Weeks of nines
are, therefore. menial to enable our comparatively smell
forces to hold the points assist which the mats attacks
would be directed. It la at the tomatoes's/int of a war
that the greatest danger is to be apprehended, and it is
sibmitted-that It is out by ening ourialme of the ad.
vantages afforded by fortidoatloss that we can provide
against oar troops being overpowered at the first onset or
that time can be obtained for reedering the militia available
for the deforms of the coneiry. The quern appears to be
—whether the British Faroe now In °ands shall be with-
drawn, in order to avoid the risk of its Mese, or whether
tonecessary measures shall be tans to no that Mee
e of um fr the deism of the provisos.
25. The sum required for the contraction et the proposal
works sad armament at Montreal and Quebec would en
about one year's expense ef the molar faros we sew
maintain Is Cana. Ito a donna to suppose that that
fern OM be of say uss for the denies VI the eons,
without ferneariess to compering fat the miner

• Tbe resorts of /micas yews showed s lone of sheet
35,000velsateer militia, bat a lose amber lave bees struck
of the roll during the pest year, owing to their sot hem*
gives esdielest evideeee el e desire to bonne sociadeted
with their duty. Thee the stueber, which was soorhally
shoat rb,ooo, ha. bees reduced seeerdiss to the latest re-
ports to ALM
lilt two online mere were peeled by the OaTdien
Legielstare ; one, "As Amt reepesting the ; the
other, " As Aet nesse' leg the Volunteer Mil Force."
Tin word " mains" wheel seed ohne refers to the forum

the amonamo ol am whoa
stilts.' boil
snood
.b tUrziebt Slone
Dow rhos V dr sorbs
etegir=l
On i?de
ribeddag entileoliatipitlideg to ses "Mom:
re obs ye.
the rib el Ira wary
.sold
weld be .1.1142.1 miff way fedi brow a
andono sad support, resod all& the potpie a Our&
would nay to ran aarooka, sad to ream lila ass.
Beira will dr roar ammary, whisk tido Wary, their
lorry* sad their love at Imo boobs dike .more thou
drams to mortsia. —I bra ttori=or be, laY
ma lordship's obedrat briar
Win. F. D 110100111) Junco.
The Bight Floc Eat de Croy sad Ripon,
Soorotery of err fat War, ka, he.

CONVOCATION OF THE PBAVINCE OF
OANTIOLEDTAY.-(THIB DAY.)

This morning both houses of Convocation
samoblocl at Wootoluster for the impish of banases
THE 171 REE HOME.
Thar lordships of the II Hesse ea fa Qum Assn
Boastreace. Ilse of Oast
sau war*
S: pressmi ass Mope of Looks,
Petssioraseh, Gloucester sad
flosisalor. IR Davit% red Odor&
[ enalasss hid are coommasoed whoa our report laft.]

LOW= HOUSE.
The Lower Bowe ....hied la the Jeronimo Member,
Ram the pelisses el
m the Vesseabie Arethiseno• Die
lath
MAL Thee were oth the Dan el Westminster,
Alaimo' Dodgem, etasa theremostia, Arianism
Pretest, But, Ohemeller Ifses=taOseee
Sehry°7ll, rbe Rev. Sr Bar.
tbilemew, the Rev. Otagral=e Rev. Preitsmiary
, the Rev. Chats Weed.th the Bev.
JB.4satge Rev. Kr. Bert, the Rev. Prithothery PClr=
I tame.

NEW maw
TM V.....b1. ArabdssosoSir Glow Provost, Hon,
sod tie Bay. Moos Ilsoldssom soprossatailvss far tar
Doi sod °bytes of Wtototionor, toe disk suds.
aingsi ossotaa
Tito Raw proceeded to do soodslostios at the Budd
SWIM

MUM= E
--POW.
-.--
nowt nasioni

LW.

.-firms DAY.)

111. • lia.

11.1.
KN.'
BAIL