The Express.
London, England, 1849-05-16 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 16, 1849.

gre, who had dose se meat bar dm helm vela. at of hi. t-n-
-saal.had rest out pumas ham hie estate trader 41.10 e. a head.
TM boas, then divided—
Pee the maim tS
For the easeadateat
-- - -

- - -
PRISON DISCIPLINE.
lir. PEARSON begged the attention of the house, which
be regretted was not more numerously Ailed, whilst he
breed under its cossidentica the dry, best very important,
"ore' of prima di cipline. The prisms of this oniatry cost
400,9001, a year oa the average, irresp etire of the met of '
rantet in the ulks and the oast r Now,l
rtaook to h
prove that the (
criminal class in this
awry might be made to maintain itself, without
age 'billing /spear' .to the nation or to the counties
which pow had to bear that enormous sum. He undertook to
rove 'hat this should be dons by reformatoitry means, with.
eat slam labour, and without interfering With the just rights
ghee labour. Ho first dimmed • uniform' system for the
armee of prisms varied to an extent whin" i was n itself
ea era. and which demanded correction. He saw by the
report of the inspector of the aortham diarists that one pri-
ses had been erected at so expense of 1,2001. per prisons r.
no (Hr. Pianos) asserted that Minas& prison ms.
re prisoner • that Readiag pima, which is the model
argon in tammatry, emit 2201. per prisoner. Now, if he
Ind asked fee a sawmill'. on these few facts same, he
weeks the hone would mat hiss one. It the system of
enemata iespriesement were to be carried out in this country
es Its fall extent, it would require no lees than 8,000,0001.
se pledged himself to prove these facts before
• sommittem Such an enormous increase of crime
bed taken place in this country es mast startle
mg considerate man. He had meefully examisied all
dm statistics of this subject, and he wee alone nseonsible foe
she Wang of the statement which he was about to make.
TM aomber of committals and recommittals in England and
Wells from the criminal courts inereesed within the last 40
rue upwards of 400 per cent, whilst the population had
enly be:reseed 85 per mat. Is the same pieWd. The returns
mob to the Home.: Kos by the imposenes of prisons, and the
o stated before commaitteme d that house, gave
aen rester increase, bemuse it appeared from
yrs documents that the eemmittals in
England
and
led Waits in 1810 were 5,10, whereas
am were 26,851, being Si ii•••••• of 428 per cent.
increase of mime was te be mommted for by causes
Wy unconnected with Marensei inimbeality mthe dispo-
dissect the people- The sheep from war to peace had
Rom a large turbeked Mobilo ea the society ; while
eglingeond police system had Mated to leases. the nese-
blidesnesitaients. Bridals, these were numbers of sets
gee siseldiable in 1810 whisk were so now. Thai, while
gegsie bed oa the whole improyed there had been an in-
=tda the number of conamitamta. The commaitmeats in
med Wales in 1844 amounted to 28.815, the MUM-
Meektions in the same Nee to 66,8((2: making •
d it 1,843. Of that somber 75,670 wore sentenced
t loathes els months, and above 0,000 for
bmiltrirlbeams moan's. One cause of the increase of comm-
era for pal Mimeo was the Morisse of comforts in
es pi" the penmen bane better fed, clothed, and lodged
tbsa the majority at peesene of the class to which they
is society. A Mete for luxurious indolence was
which out of prison they maid set gratify.
An Ron. Moose hers moved that the home be counted
gesingen withdrew. But as it was loud that there were
40 members pre._est,
Mr. PEARBOI4 resumed :—I• order to ascertain the
roper remedy lee mime they must consider whet were its
tillcease.. He believed they might all be gemmed up
wank, " An indisposition to matinees, labour."
TIN prison inspectors had reported that four-fifths of the
time isolsimitted were intimately associated with loran'-
. Be it so : intemperance iteelf originated
Mince. The remedy must be adapted to the
disease. Toe present system (catered indoleum. If
they desired to arrest the progress of crime they
must seek to do so by • reveled of the principles on which
they bah hitherto acted. Eighty-one per cent. of the male
criminals coedited annually were between the ages of 18
and 4:',--the precise period when, in a free and proper con-
dition, a man beet 'retained himself and those who were de
pendent ups him ( Hear, bear.) Forty-seven per eent.
IMO between 20 and 25 great mass of the criminal
population consisted of men who could sot only maintain
themselves but five other prisoners besides. The foundation
of his proposition was, that continuous labour must be the
means of perishing the criminal, of reforming him, and of
enabling him to evertor% himself and others. TIN principle
which he advocated had been acted epos in America and in
Belgium with sneers. la Massachusetts the labour of the
prisoners bed pool for their diet and their clothing, and peo-
n fed them with 5 dollars on their receiving their discharee.
In France, too, after payment of all the prisoner's 'epees's, a
refit was realised from the labour of the prisoners,whielt went
largely towards the mi aural pris.n expenditure. He did not,
however, propose the adoption of either the American or the
continental opium In Ragland, where the circumstances of
society were so meentially different, and when the employ.
meat of prison labour in the same way as in America end on
the Costumed would uequertiomably displace so much honest
labour, and thus creates* sissy more thkv. s. Lethim not on
this plat omit to protest, at the risk Of affronting his free trade
friends, against the introduction, now permitted into En gland,
of the prison worked manufactures of Belgium and France,
certainly to the disturearice of our own legitimate industry.
To ensure reformation you must stimulate the mind of pri
omen by the nec:ssity of exertion. Let the duration e
their
f their
imprisoliment, and the quantity and quality of
diet, depend upon their conduct and upon their industry,
and rely upon it that the same motives of present
enjoyment and future isdemndence, which inflames the
e
mats of mankind out of prison, would operate upon them
prison. From information he bad derived holm a number of
very eminent aviculturists, he was prepared to show that
the labour of 1,000 prisoners upon 1,000 acres would pro-
duce enough to maintain the 1,000 prisoners and 200 officers
and to leave a considerable surplus ter clothing and salaries.,
He was prepared to prove before a committee of the house
that a thousand acres of lend might be bought, that a Ono
might be built upon it with perfect security, and with every
consideration for the health of the inmates; a wall might
ter
built round the thousand acheaa high and smog as the
wall mead liillbank ; t WON be aecoannodation
for 1,000 Flamm end 200 offirs • and this might be done
for ow-hail the cost of the cemodel gad. He was
prepared to give up his seat in the house if he could not
prove the statement he had made. His system was calculated
to produce good colonists. Ninety thousand persons were
now emainitted every year, tad 40 per rent, on the average,
were recommittals. The prison community should maintain
thawed". s end their Mlle. re. The present system rendered
the priemen worse than they were whim they entered. They
ladlioh diet, warmth, labour when they liked it, and 10
hams' sleep. lir. Field, who described Reading gaol, said,
that they had no tre dmill, nor anything approaching to
hard labour, except a pump worked by 10 mu, for which
two would suffice. They were one hour and a half deem-
ing. From 12 to 1 p.m. the prisoners had dinner; from 1
to 3, the prisoner, if mashie to read, would receive Manus-
tics from the schoolmaster ' • he would be visited is his eall
by the chaplain twice in the week ; the intervals woad
be spent in the work whin' bed been allowed. Flan te 4
pea. he would have some 'urn. e in the open air.
From 4 to 6 he was visited by the school/manse be his
cell at 8 p.m. sapper. The remaining sloes tare
bed-time altowed for mental sad moral insprovemmeat mein.
lively. This was the coarse of proesedlso for criminals me-
myed to Radice gaol. What man who was under loch a
mks"' for 18 months would be improved by it?
He could give endgame with regard to a pri-
soner °Defined in Reading gaol, who was now a lunatic is
Bethink under circumstances which could leave no doubt that
his mind was Yemen down by the system. Then we not, la
feet, a peel in the country which had less to show is the way
of reformation than that to wbieh ho had alluded, end the
seal of that was that the system on which it was miadosted
ware contrary contrary to the laws of God and man. He should like
to know why there inn se hard labour in these model pi-
tons, seeing it was provided for by set of penises' at, mad,
not only that, but it was also provided that, even when
hard labour was not included in the sateen,
the prisoner should labour for his own subsisteses:
lie did not know whether he was to get his
committee of inquiry, but if he did not get
it, it was subjecturpose to spezk on every occasion
cowhide the of prison discipline could be even in-
cidentally introduced until he succeeded. It was with re-
leases that ever he addressed the house, but this was a
= sawhich he understood, and he never would ones its
until he obtained a full and free inquiry. (Hear,
beer.) Secondary punishment was, as the noble lord oppo-
mite had told him. when soliciting his vote, was a problem
yet to be solved, and he trusted that the government
of the noble lord would allow him (Mr. Pear-
son) to assist in its solution. He tidy asked
them to do that which they bad pledged them-
selves to de, to deal with every man in a gaol sa if he were
our of gaol, and say that if he did not work, neither should
IM eat; and he was convinced that that might be done with-
ered any undue interference with the rights at free labour.
(Hear, hear.) He begged permission to alter his resolution,
byprzsi2 for • select committee to inquire and report as to
said uniform system of prison discipline for all
persons salient', fropeboamsat for crime.
Mr OSBORNE seconded the motion.
Sir 0. GREY gays the has. member even coedit for the
attention be had bestowed an this subject. With many of
the opinions of the hon. gentlemen he fully speed ; but,
on the other hand, there were tansy to which
be must express his dive,. With regard to the sontstaittee
itself, looking at the termw terms it repaid, be limed that
the inquiry would not iste d- prosiest session.
He believed that any ' to bed std be et a
more marrow beds than that proposed by
the km. member. dr alteration now
would meted' , and the WV*
ch a great part of the Imo. iles speak relherlffe
and therefore a great padded liseinentatioas hol Weems
inapplicable. The hoe. swims lot Sleek ea tfree
hope*
ape of labour es smanoslei MIL BefffilOOMlMl. li gobs
agreed that penal lemur was el skink amoserfi had that
nothing could be worse than the gill at allowing pri-
sonen to remain in idleness, oithout order or
decency. However, he must 1111 *MOS ids grab" the
bon member had hardly done POW teem pielMeepiesee.
He referred to the laMer jest tfre Se& sew
speech, and should neer peened es Mem some of ii• simen
menu. First of alk the hearesimbh amemilig eeo.
the cost of prisms should le gaiters, Rift
resolution stated that there should be ne MOM
expense in constmetint ; and farther, that illny &ma
be made repulsive, ins fad of attractive, is appanage. Is
all that he entirely concurred ; and must add that, if any I
seedless expense had been incurred in the misetructien
of
county prisons, it had arisen from fault is the system of
laud control, and not from any desire en the pert of the go-
meassent. The bon. member alluded to certain extratedi-
airy statements segarding the cost of the prim of York
bet he should recollect that than expenses tad all been in-
toned 2.1 ys ars since, before the modern impievements is
prism management had been adopted.

Idr. ransoN all tia be bed quoted the inspector's
arse&
illy G. OBEY had se wens ef knowiog what the cost
VOL Thelma. gentlemas had alluded to the number of
eirdmisffithfthts, and especially to the great increase in the no
esenmffimmthh, as thewhig the insufficiency of the present
melide
weemeliehestais
asatilletipliestms
in proportion
pbroupot breti:nellteovedthettneuhmobeargdenvitle:
semen the sunther of recommitments had increased; and"
with must ft the commitments, that was accounted for by
the WM adiSt system of detection—the improved polies
tibia km the war had been introduced. And, indeed, if
map inihrimee could be drawn from the bon. member's
speech—he having admitted that an improved state of society
had grown up—it was that the present system was more effi-
cient for the prevention of crime than the one which pre-
ceded it. But the hon. pastimes, in complaining of the
present system, had left the house much in the dark as to the
one he would substitute.
Mr. C. PEARSON—CIive me the committee, and I will
explain it.
Sir G. ORGY—Bat the hen. reatlemen. when he talked
of the evils of the pressed system, shoal* at Wet hisses
them whether the thonmed primmer* be eoeshi amine to-
f:tia the Gee estabilimmat, sad whim he week
tniti.ti. of the themend gems of ground byille
labour, whether they won te he aeseeiated or tuned
together by night and by day. The hon gentleman said
that nothing was now thought of but the comforts of the
prisoners, end he had refereed to Reading gaol, which he
(Sir 0. Grey) believed to be a wall conducted prima, but,
as he had not an eppottunity of seeing it, he weld net gm
whether the system there pursued was as had been stated,/
act. But, as far as his experience west, he bslievalee
system of prison discipline was so good, both with regard
to the correction of crime, and the improvement of the
minal, as the separate 'yawn. (Hear, hear.) This was
the opinion of Howard and of Archdeacon Paley, as referred
to in the Wand 4th reports of the inspeetots of prisons, and it
was an opinion the comatose of which was proved by ex-
mimeo. He eioneureed with the hon. eentleetan that la-
boar ought always, as fez as possible, to be associated with
imprhonment ; arid in every well-managed prison labour
was associated with separate confinement. But, with re-
gard to theism. gentleman's plan of attaching to each pri-
son 1,000 eons of hod for the pumas of employieg the
primates is spate labour, be most appal to the county
ambers, sad ask whodoer they were prepared to carry oat
seek a rheas. The maw alone, he believed, would be a
sorioas obstacle, whatever might be the molts of the pro-
destive labour of the primmen, of which he was not se mm-
as the hen. gentleman. (Hear, hon.) No dada st
Wsksield gaol alai mem others when there was NM
gnarl ormassted with the prism, this kind of employment
~..tleo intredsood with advantage ; sad in the government
whisk the hem. geutleassa proposed to erases ben
UTtmgry,the grimmer. were em —the Mikes be
mak( *dila, and the shoemaker in makes ohms,
sat only ler tbe inmates of the establiiment, bat
fise the criminals who were about to be
But there was always • difficulty in Reding peolitrilathrisint
t fee primers without interlocks with the descend
rlr:ur elsewhere ; and this objection weak apply aka to
the cultivation of land by prisoners, the redoes of which
mut in somedegree, come lawoompetities with the mob*
feekbour. This was felt in Belgium, when the pradass of
priesakbear em sot permitted to come into eseopedden
with the modem of the tree labourer, but was sent out of the
counts'. However necessary it might be to insole
into the separate system of impriseument, or the
system of prison discipline as atkinistertd in the
county prisons, he objected to the appointment et
a committee in the terms proposed, which in feet wad bows
inquire into some sew speculative undefined system. WM*
the bon. gentleman said that the present system was as
which was distractive of the object itreisted—and the
principle the hon. gentleman wished to establish wee one by
which the prisoners should be stimulated to labour by the
hope of reward—that he apprehended meant the sabstitatka ,
of Captain Masenoehie's system of labour sultesone he Wee I
sentences. That was a elute= which had attracted the anew
Lion of the government, and which they would have been
disposed to introduce, but having considered it, and es►
salmi those who were best able to form an opinion ea
the &abject, they found there were v
as?obio and grave,
eidestkns to it. To establish such tem they
maid in the first ph re proceed op the supposition that all
the prisoners sentenced were able-bodied. of equal strength,
and capable of performing the same amount of labour ; or
to nuke the punishment equal, they must a.lapt the labour
required to the age, the health, and the physical capabili-
ties of each individual prisoner. How could the judge be I
aware of all these circumstances in passing sentence ? and if
he was not, and did not take them into consideration, it was
obvious that injustice would be done in many cases
(Hear, hear.) Prisoners were now sentenced to time sew 1
tenets; and—he spoke now of these sentenced to transport&
tion—by good conduct and tubing such remission might
o
bi btained as to some extent curried out the view of the
hoe. member. With regard to separate confinement, the
more it had been inquired into the more it had been ap-
peased. As to the diet in prisons, be admitted that it should
not be beyond what was absolutely necessary to keep the
primate in health ; but when a man was shut up in a
prison it was well known that he would require
be
a better diet to sustain him than would
necessary were he moving about free in the open air.
The dietaries now in force were adopted after consideratios,
not by himself, but by his pr./humor, the right hon mem-
ber for Ripon (Sir James Graham). In certain cases they
had been dispensed with where a lower diet was consistent
with the great oldest for which that lower diet had been
established ; and be quite *greed with the hon. member for
Lambeth (Mr. Pearson) that there ought to be no excess of
comfort in prisons—nothing that did not conduce to the 1
moral and industrial habits of the prisonerr. The object of
sll punishments was to deter others from crime, and to rehat
-
flnn the conduct of Criminals ; and be was happy to lay t
the separate mils= which had been established with this
view nuesher amen t its se Sir Samuel Remilly.
The lion member he -bed adverted to theme
system, as having pominsel fsemelty, but a pauses
report of Mr. Peery, roe of the rhea biipeetses for the
waters district, showed that that system bed sot produced a
single case ofd insanity in the whole of that district. True k I
was that imponmen; very often caused inessity, bathe be-
lieved it would be found upon szaminatioa Mat the separate
system did not tend to produce that disarm say. mote than
any other system of imprisonment adopted is this country.
(Ikar, hear.) The honourable inewher would oc-
casion enormous expense by his plans, aid, in the
end, those plans would be found utterly inapplicable
to uutried prisoners. He would not object to the appoint-
ment of a committee to inquire late the plan of building
=and into the treatment of prisoners, provided that
extended over a limited period, and was confined to
• amaperiron of the present with former systems; but
to the indefinite motion of the hon. member he could not
I eons. nt.
Mr. It. PALMER said that the magistrates of Berkshire
courted inquiry into the whole monsgement of Readit,g
gaol, confident that any investigation of that nature
would redound to the honour and credit of the county.
In Reading gaol the prisoners were placed in upstate cell*,
bat that was very far from being the solitary system, which
ne doubt did act prejudicially upon their health and intel-
lect, for, under the separate system, although separated from
their fellow-prisomen, they had frequent visits from those
who were capable of instructing and improving them. He
was strongly of opinion that the plan pursued at Reeding
ma a great improvement upon the old s)stem, and at the
same time he was happy to say that, with the new county
discipline, the expenses were so reduced that the county,
with all the admistages it gained, was alio not financially a
loser. (Cries of 'Divide.")
Mr. BROTHERTON said the subject was one of eon
siderable importance, and as it was impossible that it could
conclude that eve ning, he moved that the debate be ad-
journed.
The debate was then adjcurned accordingly until to-
morrow (this day), and the house it.elf adjourned at twenty
minutes past twelve.

the Orprta.

OUTGOING MAILS.
TM igollaft Tligh l% Lou.ib Iladaira„ OW% net Umber,
rill be Sob up eid IleeO Warn, of do 17th of
Ms Wog Loma osolninag Bensucie, Hamm, teem%
Pm Mew. aid lisle% sad Wending those tor
dumedeallimeree, Now Otoasda, sad Pim yin
be awls op asilit thomorolas Titti May.
mob al. moor woos ammo.. ood the Masai Puttee int twe
nomg as tar ~ft dew lallt Nay.
no EMI ks elhealos, Wm% erfaos,tho kaiak Weeds,
Maw, ONO" bah Mogaang, sod alma, wia easthawiPlta.g%
Ito mat op at the owshig to
If* Xi,.
The nik ofis Eiraollim to tlio Mediterranean, Egypt, Arks,
=
MI% Noggaiong, fa., will aside up au the maim of the
The =ler Molders, the Dmils. and Buenos Arras, IWO, made
op= the swag of the 4th at June.

1120 z WAT Li CONDOM IRIDOIL
Tan Day —llseelft. NI aim. NA
57 AiNneteja Ws. pit S.
trilloaspw—illsnEw.l7 NM gest . Allwassa. Elm. pa ).

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 16.
IT is impossible to read the accounts of the Mon-
treal riots without being struck by their strong family
likening to the " no-popery" riots of Lord ClEonos
OOiDOie'S fo lowers, and the riots of the Birmingham
mob, which plundered and sacked PRIESTLEY'S house.
The same promptitude, amid professions of blind
loyalty, to outrage the law when it is not to their
mind, the same reckless tyranny of a minority of the
population made strong by accidental circumstances
in one locality, the same aimless destructiveness,
characterise the actors on all the three occasions we
have named. The triumphant tone of the highly-
coloured account of the Montreal disturbances, which,
at the late hour at which the news reached us, we
were obliged to use in part of our
iyes'erday's impres-
sion in the absence of a more candid and dispassionate
narrative, can deceive no one, and its unconscious
betrayal of the rabid state of th;party whoa i feelings
it 'peeks, can oily inspire disgust. Toryism is un-
changeable by U.. or place.
so far as thosixounts, necessarily imperfect, which
have yet been received, enable ns to judge, this is the
state of affairs In Caudle. A bill has passed bole
date of the local legialature, by larFe
111 the representative b forty legislature it was
en , not only by of the whole house,
busbyta:majority of the members of British race.
The home government has carefully abstained from

taking any part in the discussion. The seism origi-
nated with Canadians; two successive local mini-
stries--one conservative, the other liberal—gave their
sanction to its general principle; it was approved by a
majority of Canadian representatives. If ever there
was a legislative act done in Canada of a spontaceoue,
thoroughly native, character, it was this of which we
speak. 'l's facts are of themselves sufficient to
stamp the outrages which have ensiled on its ramie-
jog the governor's assent as the lawless acts of a mi-
nority too ignorant or too self-willed to submit to the
decision of the majority for the time being, the only
condition upon which free, peaceable, coosti.utional
government can exist.
The next characteristics of the riots which arrest
attention are their aimless destructiveness, and the
indications of previous organisation among the rioters.
Several thousands of persons were collected at a late
bone of the evening in the Champ de Mars. As soon
as they there got together they were told that the
time for action was acme, and a cry was rais-d " To
the Parliament-house." No sooner had the mob
reached it than the work of demolition began. The
windows were shattered, a band of ruffians occupied'
the hall of the Assembly, their leader vociferating
" We are all going to hell," and the building was
find. The announcement (fortunately false)
that the French members were unable to escape
from the flames was cheered with driormias
joy. The incendiaries then proceeded to destrey
in succession the houses of Mi. MINCES, Mr. LA-
FONTAINE, and other liberal& This was ore
political Emetite or insurrection—the actors woo
satisfied with plitudeling and destroying, and
made no attempt to upset the old government
or establish a new. The proofs of pre-concert are
to be found in the fact that the authorities ere
stated by the opposition leaders to have been fro-
warned of the certainty that such scenes would be
meted, and in the localities to which this and
outrages have been confined. Montreal, Toronto,
litigation, and Brockville are the places named as
having been subjected to each ontrages—all of them
notorious as localities where powerful and reckless
ascendancy mobs exist. It is obvious that repels-
dons for violin toe had been making beforehand, and
that the rioters at the places named had made ar-
rangements for speedily communicating news of their
respective movements to each other.
As wee to be expected in the violent excitement of
party spirit at present existing in Canada, imputa-
tions are freely exchanged between the partisans on
either side. The arrests which have been made and
the investigation which have been instituted show
that the ministerial party are disposed to attribute
complicity in these riots—at least to the extent of
foreknowir g without attempting to repress or dis-
courage them—to some of the more violent of their
opponents. On the other hand, the opposition
inveigh against ministers, as having, by persuUn
In
carrying an unpopular measure, first provoked a *ft
of turbulence, and then neglected to testae due precau-
tion against popular violence and tumult. How far
the charge laid at the door of ministers of not having
made proper arrangements for securing the public
peace, and not having stemma the outbreak of a
dissolute rabble of incendiaries with sufficient prompti-
tude and energy, is well founded, dispassionate
inquiry alone can show. That their adversaries
have eagerly grasp.d the opportunity to repre-
sent them as incapable of preserving order ia
emergencies, and therefore unfit to evern—
have, in other words, lost no time in turning the
riots into political capital, is apparent. And the
readiness with which " thistle clubs and " curling
clubs " have come forward to make the riots a pretext
for demanding the recall of Lord ELGIN as incompe-
tent, combined with the influence exercised over the
@bob by Sir ALLAN M'NAB, and with the reported
readiness of the Glengarry men to march in arms to
Montreal, is suspiciously symptomatic of the old as-
cendancy party's foreknowledge of what was coming,
and determination to use it recklessly for their own
purposes. The speaker's mace, which was carried off
by the ruffians who demolished the house of parlia-
aunt, has somehow or other found its way into the
keeping of' Sir ALLAN M'Nan, and Col. Circe was
carried home on the shoulders of a body of rio'ers.
The hubbub has been got op by the pend6les of the
" family compact," and it is the Sooteh bcdy -guard
of the ascendancy and the Orange-lodges that are be-
stirring themselves to turn it to account.
The riots began on the evening of the 26th, and by
night-fall of the 27th order had been entirely re-
stored; and this, notwithatandlng a tardiness in the
Imovementsof the military, which, considering the pre-
'possessions of the commandant, calls for inquiry.
Attempts were made by the ascendancy party
throughout the 27th to disturb the public mind—now,
by reports that ministers were arming the French
population—now, by stories of Montreal's being about
to be declared in a state of siege. The government
wisely took no notice of these efforts to renew the dis-
turbances, strengthened the police, urged on the pre-
liminary examinations of suspected pantie., and
allowed their political adversaries to hold meetings
and speak out all their bitterness to their hearts'
li
content.
It is clear that no political events of importance
can arise out of such note. The " respectable" tories,ll
while availing themselves of them to the utmost, are
compelled to censure and disclaim them. This un-1
happy faction has placed itself in an eminently false
position. Devotedly attached to monarchical trsdi-
twee, greedily ambitions of the most trifling
titles sr honours a crown can bestow, appealing for I
support to the timid who shrink from all or any
popular demonstrations as linable to distinguish be-
tween their vivacity and mob violence,and inveterately
prejudiced against Yankees and republicans, they
have quarrelled with the law and constituted
authorities, and totter on the verge of a
career in which their only associates and
allies must be the crime-class of the larger
towns in Canada, and the loafers, hunters' lodges,
and sympathieera—the aggregate outcasts of repu-
table American society, who lounge and brawl along
the frontier. Were it possible to imagine them per-
severing in the course they threaten to begin, they
would be the first to be trampled down by their allies.
They know i , and will not dare to proceed. But the y
have done enough to outrage public opinion to a degree
that has for ever closed the doors of office against

them.
That as destructive a riot as that we have been
called on to record might take place in more than one
Canadian locality we were prepared to expect. That
many such may recur at intervals is highly
probable. The past history of the province declares
them to be inevitable. 'The conquest of Canada
(unavoidable we admit on account of the systematic
attempt of the ancien regime of France to encircle
and crush the English settlements) entailed upon the
British government the most difficult of tasks—the
government of a distant dependency the population
of which was of alien origin. The notable scheme
al separating French from British Canada effectually
1 pretreated for half a century the fusion of races by a
gradual and natural prover. The vesting of all power
and patronage exclusively in a family compact news-
leerily led to misgovernment, and misgovernment
ito
to
11 tumult and direffection. The clap-trap haste w
which Lord SvneNiteat hurried on the re-union of
the provinces by not the most scrupulous influences,
without inquiring too curiously whether public opi-
nion was ripe for it, neutralised to a considerable
extent the immediate benefits of that desirable mea-
sure. The policy of the British government has from
the first, till within theee few 3.ears, been of a nature
to incapacitate the colony fur se f-
to
perpetuate and exaggerate the prejudices ornf race, to
encourage an insolent domineering spirit in the British.
The wiser policy of leaving the colonists to manage
their own local affairs is already developing a better
spirit and the requisite administrative talent. Yet
the baneful influences of the old syste th
m must
long continue to be felt, and they will d
have
isplay em-
selves in such aimless and revolting outrages as
just been perpetrated at Montreal. But unless the
home government is weak enough to relinquish its
late adopted sound system of non-intervention, they
will pass away with as little abiding injury as the
kindred riots of Lord GEORGE GORDON and the Bir-
mingham anti-jacobins.
This truth pressed a
present, be too emphatically
or too often pressed upon government, parliament,
and the home public at large. There are sinister in-
terests in this country eagerly bent upon using every
transient disturbance in Canada as a plea for bringing
back the old system of misrule. The protectionist Lon-
don merchants, the kindred and allies of the
;mallfaily
compact, will stick at nothing to attain this end
equally unscrupulous are certain jobbers in Utopian
emigration schemes for Ireland intimately connected
with the sepiran's after office who wear the Lincoln
green.

THE singular debate of Monday night upon the
Parliamentary Oaths Bill is Lkely to produce no or-
dinary impression upon the thinking sad reflecting
mind of the country. The number and variety of the
oreelies delivered oar the occasion, their unusual brief-
sees sad pertinency to the great question at stake,
spased:aluredominant tone of practical utility which
nearly the whole of them, are calculated of
themselves to awaken more attention than hes hitherto
been womanly directed to the evils of the past system
of loose and idle swearing at the table of the house,
sad to the necessity, policy, and propriety of adopt-
skg different practice in future.
The question of the admissibility of the Jews may
be regarded as settled. The House of Commons have
ettelded, by a majority over ninety, that there is no
jut cause or impediment why loyal men of the seed
of ABRAHAM should not be permitted to sit and vote
with other men, whom the people, acting in their
electoral capacity, delight to honour. It is sufficiently
notorious that no indisposition exists on the part of
the crown to welcome their introduction to the rile
of legislative privilege and offieal eligibility. Nothimr,
therefore, remains to complete the tardy enrachise-
sent of the Jew but the sanction of the House of
Lords; and that, as we have recently seen, can always
heerthwojahneja-ahbf:reoewrinrepertrogvegePl.rolisilgyosheehr;nal3iseses indeed, ,bfre;.tgthlzikevaueitthtl helf-heart
likely
ea
it to
t king wi get
th
the emphasis of sincerity and in the tone
ci determination not to be refused, is pretty
I certain of winning compliance. If ministers
had only faith in themselves, the country would have
' faith in them ; and there is a way of asking in faith,
nothing doubting, to which nothing would be re-
fused them.
The bill for the emancipation of the Jews is not
merely, however, by any means what it has been
sometimes called—the -Jews' bill. Its technical
appellation truly expresses its aim and purport. It
is in fact, as well es in form, a bill to amend the oaths
vehicle are taken by ell the members of the two
houses of parliament. There is, indeed, one special
and unworthy exception to which we shall advert
hereafter; but generally speaking the measure is
fsirly designated as a " Parliamentary Oaths'
Bill." It substitutes one oath for three : that in
itself is a decided improvement. Those which I
in future are to be dispensed with were the 11
fruit of the monopolising and exclusive spirit of dif-
ferent times, and became agglomerated into one male
of idle and profane swearing by the lapse of yeses.
One hundred and fifty years have missed away since
the birth of King James the Seconds' dedohe rited son
yet up to this day every peer of parliament and repre-
sentative of the people is compelled to take Almighty
GOD to witness that he does not cherish in his heart
any love or fealty to that utfortunate outcast, or to
his descendants—not one of whom has b.en in exi t-
once, as is well known, for upwards of forty years
In like manner every member of the protestant
church of England, of the church of Scotland, and of
the church of Ireland, is compelled to swear all
manner of repudiation and disavowal of the eccle-
siastical jurisdiction of Rome, which nobody
in his senses believes the swearer to have
ever dreamt of acknowledging. In short, the only
oath that has any intelligible meaning or arguable
applicability to the existing condition of things, senti-
ments, and persons, at the present day, is that of al-
legiance and this has been retained by the bill.
Instead of being content with shortening and sim-
plifying this remaining oath, the authors of the pre-
sent measure most unaccountably borrowed two un-
meaning and obsolete fragments of two different old
oaths, and thrust them into their otherwise simple
and unobjectionable form. To these interpolations,
as might have been expected, great repugnance was
felt. They were justly regarded as unnecessary, and
therefore as improper. Ore of them consisted of a
s elemn areverat'on not to disturb " the settlement of
property as established by law." The other consisted
of the equally preposterous protestation against
"the temporal or clod authnrity of the Pops within
these realms." As if any human being could by any '
possibility find any other human being in possession
of his senses who does believe anything of the kind.
A circumstantial declaration that the moon is not made
of green cheese, would not be more ridiculous or re-
pageant to every proper sense of the dignity and
sacredness of a public appeal to Heaven, thau such
inane and senseless adjuration,.
The smendirent of Mr. VERNON SMITH to strike
out both of the se superfluous sentences, elicited very
distinctly the prevalent opinion of the house. It was
ably and well supported by Mr. BOUVERIE, Mr.'
BRIGHT, Mr. WOOD, Mr. Fox, and finally by Sir '
ROBERT PEEL. It was opposed with their usual elo-
quence, wit, and wied on by Maefe. GOULBURN,
S. truster, and Lsw—geutlemen who have invariably
the fortune of resisting very change that is inevitable
and defending every superstition of law or politics
after it has ceased to be believed by the residue of
mankind. After some hesitation Lord JOHN RCSEJELL
announced his readine is to yield to the amendment
and to obliterate the obnoxious phrkes. Whereupon,
finding themselves outnumbered and discomfited, the
tories got up a clamour about being taken by surprise,
declared they would Lot be done out of their dear old
oaths, and with marvellous effrontery asked for
time to consider the question more fully. Then was
the voice of Mr. Dieaseut beard for the first time.
That voice which was silent when the rights of the
Jew were in question on the first and second reading
of the bill, was no longer wanting when fictions
frustration was to be given to the decent amelioration
and revision of the oath to be taken by the great ma-
jority of the house. On two die' sions demanded by ,
the advocates of adjournment the friends of liberating
conscience succAded by majorities of two to rms.
But there appearing no chance of inducing
the minority to abandon their unworthy tac-
tics, and midnight being long passed, the
farther consideration of the question was de-
ferred until a future day. When that day comes
we confidently trust that those who have viewed's
triumphed will not be wanting to themselves, but
Ithat they will secure, by an overwhelming majority,
I the good fruit of their previous exertions.
Another amendment will ,then claim their equally
serious attention: we allude to that of which notice
has been given by Mr. NPCULLAGII, to omit the sole
sectarian reservation contained in the bill, and to
allow the Roman catholic members of both houses
to take the same oath as the protestant. Tae
principle involved in this amendment was glanced
at incidentally by several of the speakers on
Monday night. Bit in truth it is a separate and dis-
tinct question, and ought not to be mixed up with the
previous one, if its merits are to be fairly or fully con-
sidered. The right is as clearly on the side of the
hoe. member for Dundalk as on that of the hon.
member for Northampton. Bat their battles with
antiquated prejudice must be fought separately and
in succession, though the combatants in both will
probably be the same.

REPOIT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ASHY AND
ORDNANC I E/PINDITCRE.—Your committee have to report
to the house that the investigation into the expenditure en
account of the ordnance estimates has occupied theiratten-
tion to the present time, and is yet to far unfinished that they
can hold out no expectation to the house that they shall be
enabled to do more than to report upon the expenditure on
account of ordnance estimates during the present session.
HEALTH OP LONDON DURING THE WEEK.—It
is
satisfactory to observe that the last return indicates a conti-
nued tendency in the publics health to improve. The deaths
registered in the week were 68 less than the average, the
numbers having gradually fsllen during four successive weeks
from the middle of April, when they were respectively 1,059,
1,058, 986, and in the last week 905. This moult is ob
tained.
notwithstanding recent lowness of temperature, which in lmt
week was considerably under the average of seven years,
though it had been much above it during great part of that
immediately preceding. The deaths from cyanotic or epide-
mic diceases, in the aggregate, were 200, and exceeded the
avenge by 8 ; in the two preceding weeks they were 233 sad
W. Of the diseases in this close, which some'imes prevail
extensively, small-pox and typhus continue to be fatal to a
less number of persons than usual; diarrhcca and dysentery
en fatal to 13, or 1 less than the average, showing a decrease
en the preceding four weeks ; cholera to 3, cr only 2 more
then the average ; measles, which increases a little, to 33, or
12 in excess of the average; and scarlatina, which continues
So decline, to 40, or 8 in excess. The mortality from bron-
ebitis and pneumonia falls, and now only exceeds the average
to an inconsiderable extent; that from phthisis is in less
amount than usual. No death wax recorded from influenza.
The deaths of two men, one 68 and the other 71 years of age,
an described as the malt of inownp.rance, which produced
IS i.e ease typhoid fever, and in the other delirium tremens.
•Mr of 38 years died of " arplezy, succeeding great ce-
, renal excitement." The mean height of the barometer
during the week was 29.883 in. ; the mean daily height was
above 30 in. on Saturday only. The mean daily tempera-
ture. which was 60 deg. .7 on Sunday, continuously fell
to 42 deg. .2 on Thursday ; on Friday and Saturday it
rose to about 47 deg. The mean of the week was 45 deg.
5 min. It was 6 deg. .7 below the average of the corre-
sponding week doyen years.