The Express.
London, England, 1862-08-29 00:00:00

[Stamped, ld. Additional]

TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE.

(arIITZR'S TZIZORAIIB.)
ITALY.

PARIS, AUGURT 28.

The Presse of this evening states, "under re-
serve," that the three Calabrias have declared in
favour of Garibaldi.
La Prance cf this evening announces that the
English ministry has ordered the British fleet to
proceed immediately to Naples.
The same jounial also states that the commanders
of the two frigates stationed off Catania have been
brought before a court-martial. They established
for their justification that they had ordered the ves-
sel carrying Garibaldi to be stopped, but that the
crews of the two frigates refused to execute the
order.

The Pattie of this evening says :—" The French
government is said to have sent very satisfactory
explanations to Turin respecting the despatch of
the French fleet to Naples, and other circumstances
which for the last few days have strongly moved
public opinion in Italy."
TURIN, AUGUST 28.
Colonel' taierbtiourrioses acquitted. _

The Official Gazette of this evening confirms the
despatch from Naples of yesterday evening, an-
nouncing conflicts between the royal troops and
the Garibaldians ; and adds that Garibaldi, in view
of the measures taken by the government, has re-
nounced the project of entering Reggio, and has
marched towards the mountains.

PRUSSIA.

BERLIN, AUGUST 28.

In to-day's sitting of the Committee of Commerce
from the Chamber of Deputies a communication
was received from the government concerning a
note sent to Bavaria in reference to the commer-
cial treaty with France. This communication is,
however, to be considered confidential for a few
days. The general impression it produced was one
of strong satisfaction.
The resolutions previously taken have fallen to
the ground, and on the motion of Herr Michaelis a
sub-committee, composed of seven members, has
been instituted for the purpose of drawing up reso-
lutions expressing confidence in the government

THE PACHA OF EGYPT.
PARIS. AUOVa 28.

The Emperor received Said Pacha at 1.30 p.m. to-
day. His Highness will leave Paris this evening,
and remain two days in the Chateau de Belle Eau,
embarking on Sunday next for Constantinople.

TURKEY.

CONSTANMOPLE., Aucurr 26.

A conference was again held yesterday on Servian
affairs, but without result. A day has been ap-
pointed for another conference.

MONTENEGRO.
SCUTARI, Accost 27.
Omar Pacha has published the following official
bulletin :

"On Sunday last the Turkish troops drove the
enemy from a quadruple line of breastworks near
Rieke.

"The attack was renewed on Monday, the Mon-
tenegrins having concentrated all their forces at
Rieke.

"The battle, which was very fierce, ended in the
total rout of the Montenegrins and the capture of
Rieke, which was partially burnt down by the in-
habitanta.

"The Turkish army afterwards marched towards
Cettigne, and occupied all the heights commanding
that town.

" The inhabitants lied after burning their
houses.'

ITALY.

THE RATTAZZI REGIME IN ITALY.
(mom A COMUMPOIDENT AT TURIN.)

[We invite the attention of oar readers to the following
aaprew'on of Italian opinion from one " behind the some"
at Turin.]

What has been the conduct of the Italian ministry
in the present momentous crisis 1 The ministry, it
must be confessed, persists in a servile policy, op-
posed to the iustitutious of Italy, a policy of com-
promises and expedients—a policy which has been
the ruin of every State that has relied upon it for
its preservation. Instead of frankly declaring the
party to which it would attach itself, the mi-
nistry clearly demonstrated its own insufficiency
and weakness by not declaring itself of any
party. But even had it advanced openly upon
its course in all probability it never could
have escaped unbroken and with honour out
of the false position in which it was sure
to be speedily led by its political programme—a
programme which is an absurdity as regards the
Italy of this day. Signor Rattazzi has misappre-
hended the position and the true interests of Italy,
and therefore he can lead her only to ruin and civil
war. Immovable in his false position, because he
is supported in it by him who may be called the
real lord of Italy, he does not understand that she
cannot escape out of the violent crisis in which she
is now involved unless she abandons the false
policy hitherto pursued, and under the guidance of
stronger hands renounces the alliance with Napo-
leon, who is interested in her disunion, and throws
herself into the arms of England, who desires her
political union and independence. This was the
end towards which our greatest living statesman,
Baron Ricasoli, directed his frank and vigorous
policy ; therefore when we saw him, just when he had
almost reached the goal, supplanted by Imperial
intrigues, and su led by the representative of a
servile and shuffling policy, the shadow of Novara
and Villafranca, we could not but bewail the future
destinies of Italy. It was, indeed, easy to foresee
that Napoleon, ruling the peninsula almost as his
own, through his most faithful liegeman, would
keep her always bound and submissive to his will,
involve her, probably, in some European combus-
tion for his own sole advantage, and contrive to
disunite and rule her. In this state of things what
could possibly be more absurd thau to put ourselves
absolutely into the hands of a friend who seeks our
destruction, who finds his own greatness in our
wretchedness 1 We ought therefore openly to aban-
don an alliance which, though useful in the begin-
ning, was to prove pernicious in the end, and
seek the moral and material aid of that power
whose history, whose institutions, whose iuherent
character make it impossible that she can ever be
sincerely in accord with the Imperial government.
All this Count Cavour would certainly Lave been
able to bring to pass. That great statesman knew
how to use on occasion all the subtle arts of policy,
but he knew also how to show his spirit and inde-
pendence when the time required it, as when, after
the treaty of Villafranca, while as yet the fate of
Italy was in Napoleon's hands, be had the boldness
to declare that since the Emperor had not followed
his programme he resigned office. Such courage
and noble frankness would certainly not have been
shown by Signor Rattazzi, who is now sacrificing the
welfare of a whole people to his miserable ambition.
In the midst of the appalling dangers that beset
them, the Italians see no way of safety but through

[TWOPENCE

the dismissal of the present cabinet ; and this will
certainly take place unless Rattazzi do what is least
of all to be expected of him, that ix to say, put
himself at the head of the great Italian movement,
and change the face of as by some vigorous
stroke of statesmanship. On the other hand, Gari-
baldi will certainly not lay down his arms now that
he has pushed matters so far. It is our firm con-
viction, therefore that Italy will find her safety in
a change of ministry. The eyes of both moderates
and radicals are eagerly turned upon Baron Rica-
soli, and it will be his high mission to reconcile the
most extreme parties, and direct their united efforts
to a common end.

After a close and careful scrutiny of the state of
public opinion, I find that its representatives are
divided into three classes Rattazzians, Garibal-
dians, and Ricasolians. The latter are more nu-
merous than the other two classes put together,
and number amongst them the foremost men of
Italy.

SICILY.

(ICON ♦ COI

MESSINA., AUGUST 20.

Here I am amidst the excited population of
Sicily, at a abort reach of the old volcanos", Etna high
above, and the new one of Catania below. With such a
popular man as Garibaldi at a few miles from this town, it
could scarcely be expected that the recollections of 1860
should have left such fire-eaters as the MISSiIIUe are, at
peace with the authorities of the place. It is true that
nothing has yet happened to place ostensibly the govern-
ment of Victor Emmanuel in the position of
the authorities; of Catania, but to a keen ob-
ser►er the excitement of these populations is easily
traceable. The news of Garibaldi's successful march on
' Catania was known in this city on the morning of the day
before yesterday, and the news was spread with the
rapidity of the electric spark from Faro point to the oppo-
site Calabrian shores. You know how Garibaldi excels in
deceiving the vigilance of his enemies—he is a thorough
muter of the art. Whilst General Cagia was indulging
in the hope that the famous Italian chieftain had really
made up his mind to an unconditionalsurrender, whilst Ad.
miral Albini had placed at the disposal of the formerdictator
be steamer Ichnusa to convey him to Capron, he silently
struck athwart the goat paths of the piana of Catania, per-
formed a wonderful and almost incredible march during
Monday night, skirting the line of Rieotti'a and Mella's out-
posts, and before they had succeeded in operating their
junction in the valley of Etna, the bird had escaped and
Catania was occupied. The telegraph will, no doubt, have
nfonned you how the General was received in that city. I
have myself spoken to a person who arrived this morning
from Catania at the Trinacchis Hotel, and he told me that
he never saw such a spectacle in his life. It was not
enthusiasm, but madness. Now the person of whom
I am speaking is not a but-bred Sicilian, but a tho-
rough matter-of-fact Englishman—a man of business whose
heart is more full of arithmetical figures than of enthusiastic
aspiration. As soon as the General arrived he seat Colonel
Miasori to the prefect, or governor of the town, but
both be and the &edam had taken refuge on board of
an Italian man-of-war, lying in the roadstead. The
scanty garrison had lileswise lett Catania, and fallen back
in the direction of Castagna,to join General Mella's main body,
to which it belonged. Once left to himself, Garibaldi first
thought was that of reassuring the people through a mani-
festo, in which he told them that be was still the best
friend of Victor Emmanuel, as he would always be; but
that, tired of the permanent treason of Louis Napoleon,
he had made up his mind to march on Rome at the head
of the brave Sicilian and Neapolitan population.. Accord-
ing to my informant, the General has declared himself
the bitterest enemy of Victor Emmanuel's constitutional
advisers, whom he openly denounces as the most subservient
agents of the French Emperor. Acting accordingly, but
not without the hope of seeing at last a
part of the regular army follow his lead, Garibaldi
has fortified himself in that town ; without, however,
assuming the government, which in such a state of coati'.
'ion has naturally passed into the hands of the municipality,
to which a number of influential cities°, have been added.
Although the barricades erected at the gates of Catania and
in the duets seem to imply that the General and the 4,000
volunteers who follow him mean to defend themselves if
attacked by the royal army, I think that what Garibaldi is
aiming at is to make Generals Riootti and Mella believe that
such to really his intention, but that some fine night
he will embark with a • few of his staff and
land either at Begun or at Monteleone, and,
making an appeal to his faithful Calabrians, re-
volutionise the three Calabria' and the Basilicata,
and proceeding through the paths of those mountains
which he knows so well, and by Avelino, reach the Papal
frontier and crass it. Whether he will succeed in his
daring undertaking I will not venture to predict. Yon
must, however, recall to mind the miracles this man was
able to accomplish during the Lombard campaign in 1859.
You must bear in mind that—as Count Arrivabene observes
in his recent work," Italy under Victor Entmanuer—the sr
cut of Garibaldi's victories is to be found principally in the
system he adopts of doing almost always the contrary of that
which is suggested by the strict rules of war ; in a word, of
acting quite in opposition to what the enemy would expect
him to do. I should not, therefore, wonder if, whilst the
generals of Victor Emmanuel believe they have him shut
up in Catania, he should slip out of their fingers as he did
at Villa Medici out of those of the Austrian General Urban.
Once in Calabria, the whole of that warlike population will
follow him, and God knows what may happen If he succeed.
It is sail to think that a tremendous civil war may
lie at the bottom of this imbroglio, but whose is the fault
The responsibility of the dreadful events which are perhaps
in store for this unhappy coumtry must fall upon the man
who, by his unwarrantable and shameful occupation of
the eternal city, has driven the Italian patriots to despair.
There may be people in Italy who think that it were better
had Garibaldi bowed before the last proclamation of
his noble sovereign, but there is no one—whatever may
be the party to which he belongs—who does not
admit that the real cause of the misfortunes
which threaten Italy i. the French Emperor.
On this score Garibaldi is the real representative of the
public opinion, not only of Sicily, but of the whole Italian
peninsula. Were it otherwise, I would ask lukewarm poli.
Schwa and stock-exchange jobbers, how it comes that to
put down the armed insurrection of a general—however il-
lustrious he may be—and of 4,000 patriots, such a popular
king as Victor Emmanuel is under the necessity of pro-
claiming the state of siege in this island, and sending a
force of 40,000 men and more to back it ! It is
because that insurrection is led by Garibaldi, be-
cause behind him there is the whole of the
nation. Louis Napoleon has tired the patience of the
Italians too much, he must now reap the fruit of his dupli-
city. And that such is really the state of public opinion is
Italy is shown here every day. Four days ago. thirty-four
officers of the regular army resigned their commissions
rather than march against Garibaldi. On Monday last a
Banaglieri battalion was placed at the outposts near the
camp of the Garibrildians. On the next day if was disco-
vered that a hundred men had goo over to Garibaldi.
To avoid further desertions the battalion was has-
tily embarked and sent to Genoa. Although the
national guard of Sicily has not as vet token a decided part
for Garibaldi, it cannot be relied upon by the govern-
ment. lam oertain, therefore, that if it come to blows the
Sicilian militia will fight against the troops. Perhaps you
will ask how it comes that the Sicilians have not. followed
Garibaldi in greater numbers. But you must recall to mind
that these islanders are not very fond of fighting, but that
they are troublesome enough when there is a row at home.
"(however Garibaldi succeed in lauding in Calabria it will be
a different affair altogether. In this case even the brio*
will become Garibaldians.

Since the invasion of Mexico difficulties have
arias. in Lading sad embarking the English mails et 'nun-
Moo. The boat which comes off to the mail packet must
hoist a flag, or she ts find on : if she hoists a Mexican
flag she is fired on by the French blockading ship ; if abs
bouts an Usti& flag she is fired on from the shore by the
Mexicans.

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OWE Mauro DAY.—THUIRDAT, AMMER 28.—At'minions
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22,301.

HENRY BRETT
_and C 0.,•
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