The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-17 00:00:00

I planted, early In this year, a field in alternate rows, one at.
cording to the wmal plan, and t'e other, with his new treat-
ment. On coming to maturity the former were diseased
and the latter unusually healthy. Our correspondent does
not state the nature of Dr. lElobssch'a discovery, which the
doctor has petitioned the King to appoint a commission to
investigate.
RUSSlA.—According to accounts Iron Odessa, to
the 22nd ult , the cholera appears to have almost entirely
subsided at Tiflis, and to have diminished at Taganrock,
but, on the other band, it has invaded Rostof, riennPelie.
and several other towns of Southern Russia. At R. wtof, out
of a population of 8,000. in three weeks the disease is said to
have carried off 2,000. The terror of the disease was SO great
that all the post-houses along the road from Itoetof to Ch:eolla
were abandoned.

STATISTICS OF AUSTRIAN COMMERCE.
Having in a former article presented to our readers
a view of the trade of Austria with England, we proceed to
indicate the amount and value of its commerce with other
nations.

We begin with France. Other territories intervening be-
tween the two countries, the only direct and satisfactorily
i ascertained traffic between them s that carried on by sea,
which is not very considerable. Of the indirect traffic,
through Italy, Switzerland, and the Germanic Confederation,
we can only form a rough estimate.
Austria hu no treaty of reciprocity with France, and its
trade is therefore subjected to the full rigour of the French
navigation laws. And it may be here zemarked, that in
general the resident envoys of Austria with foreign govern-
ments appear to regard industrial and commercial questions
with aristocratic contempt. The consequence is, that Aus-
trian trade is left to the tender mercies of these govern-
ments, its expansion crimped and retarded : its present ex-
tent and activity only show what, with lair play, it might
become. . .

The value of Austrinn sea-borne commerce with France
amounted in 1844 to 542,8001. for the exports, and 3;2,3001.
for the imports. This trade wu carried on chiefly with
Marseilles, into which port during 1844 there entered 331
Austrian vessels, with an aggregate tonnage of 80,791 tons.
Their cargoes consisted principally of timber (to the value of
125,9002), tobacco (199,8001.1, hemp (13,6001.), oilseeds
(19,8001.1, steel 03,0000, glass warn, leeches, skins and
hides, silk, wool, tallow. The Austrian imports, from Mar-
seilles, consisted of madder, teasel, flint, wines, brandy,
hides, silk goods, cambrics, raw sugar from the colonies,
lead from Spam and Missouri, indigo, &c.
The imports of French goods by land, which in the official
returns are included among the imports from the Bavarian,
Swiss, and Italian frontiers, amount in value to about
600,0001.; and the smuggled goods also estimated at
600,0001., consisted of brandy, teazel, madder, ail, wines,
mustard, cork, flints, implements, wearing apparel, per-
fumery, jewellery, paper. hangings, silk goods, &c. Of the
Austrian exports by land about 1,000,0001. may be estimated
as the value sent to France, consisting chiefly of raw silk,
wool, steel, sumac, &c.
The total amount of sea and land traffic with Francs is
3,950,0001.
The following table shows the value of the trade between
Austria and the Zollverein from 1840 to 1845 inclusive

.—.—.—
Import. Export. Transit. Total.
1840 3,007,132 3,815,432
1811
1842 3,129,130 3,638,150 3,014,871 9,792,134
1943 3,012,310 3,337,090 3,173,711 9,823 321
1844 3,326,000 4,211,200 3,024,300 10,361,700
1813 3,060,240 6,630,902 2,961,647 18,892,189

The estimates are taken for the first five years from the
Austrian official returns. That of 1815 is from the official
Marna of the Zullverein, which cantain more minute in-
houtition on this subject. For the English public this sub-
reemeetes great interest, as the territories of the Germanic
MIMS union will probably be the highway of our future
temmeraal relations with Austria.
There was not really during 1845 so large an increase as
the figures in the table would lead us to suppose ; the differ-
ence resulting chic fly from the fact that the estimates of the
Zollverein are formed on a higher, and, we presume, a more
correct valuation than in Austria. This increase is also at-
tributable in some measure to the transit trade of Austria
being included, and partly to the smuggling trade of Austria,
a portion of which is included in the export returns of the
Zulverein union. According to the official returns, the
chief articles of import into Austria during 1815 were :
From Germany. By transitthyrougb
Woollen goods £600,000
Cotton goods 510,000
Cereals, leads, ks 371,000 ......
Yarn
Manufactures in wood
bilk goods .
latanufseturos In silk goods 70,000 ...,
1 Manufactures in icon 66,000

~, 1,200 000
... 120,000

Coffee
Hardware ....... .......
Tobacco, raw Sr rounufacturei
Sugar

200,000
1:0,000
99,600
90,000

It is obvious that this table does not include the whole of
the Austrian imports, for if we take, for instance, the im-
portations of yarn and cotton goods, we tind that Germany
imports these goods to the value of nearly 10 millions ster-
ling, while Austria has only 800,0001., or less than 1-10th
Iron or through the customs union. Now, it is well. known
that the German spinners and cotton manufacturers produce
more than the Austrian, and, consequently, the demand for
foreign goods must be larger in Austria than in Germany,
the more so that the demand comes from a larger population.
The chief articles of export front Austria to the states of
the Zollverein, were:—
Cereals £OOO,OOO
Wools
Glare ware ..... ......... -....- 730,000
Raw silk
Salk goods ... ....... ..... 300,000
Linen goods ....................« 291,000
Cattle 930,000
Worsted goods
Manufacturelimn aid Neel ___ 117,011
Linen yarn .......... 313,103
Skins and bliss
Fruits
Flax, hemp, is
Tobacco 35,111
Oils
Draught cattle 31,000
lace
Copper and brass
The grain imported from Austria into Germany, in a
great measure makes up for the quantities exported to Great
Britain from Stettin and Hamburg. A large portion of the I
glass wares, wools, and silks included in the exports from
Austria to Germany, ere in the natural course of things
brought from thence to England, part of the wool and silk
takieg the form of manufactured goods during the transit.
The intercourse between Austria and Germany presents a
strong inducement to invite Austria to enter into more direct
and liberal commercial relations with us. At pres,nt, both
parties are dependent on the transit regulations of the Zoll-
verein, and the produce of both countries is subjected to •
tax in favour of the merchants, bankers, and smugglers of'
the Zollverein. So long as the Austrian tariff encourages
the system of smuggling and puts a stop to legitimate trade,
Great Britain is of course indebted to the smugglers for their
mediation in the sale of her manufactured goods, or bre
colonial produce. But, under this arrangement, timings,
direct intercourse with Austria, we do not, except in son.
few instances, receive her goods in exchange, and consequently
the profits of the Russian and Hamburg merchants are de-
ducted from our returns. Now, when the competition of the
whole world meets in a country as it does in England, and
when, moreover, our customer is situated in the centre of
industry, as is the case with Austria, the advantages to be
gained by saving an expense of an intermediate agent ren-
dered necessary only by unwise and arbitrary legislation, are
obvious.
This view will be strongly corroborated, by turning to ex-
amine the amount and value of the trade between Austria
and Russia, with reference to the number of their inhabi-
tants. The sggregate value of the trade between these ex-
tensive empires—including the transit trade of each—
amounted, in 1844, tone more than 2,032,0001. • and their po-
pulation exceeding one hundred millions, his gives an
average interest in the traffic of law than 6d. a head to every
individual.
The only obstacle to the trade between these countries is
that offered by their own systems of commerce. Although
enabled by nature to exchange the produce of every climate
on the face of the globe, their intercourse is limited to little
more than a kind of peddling retail trade on the frontiers ;
and although qualified by the richness and variety of their
own products to pour a continued stream of wealth and civi-
lisation into each other's ports, all they seem to do is to
counteract their natural advantages, and shackle the progress
of their natural welfare and their moral happiness.
One half of the little intercourse that does exist results
from the transit of goods to and from Russia and other
countries, so that, in fact, the exchange of native produce
between Austria and Prussia does not exceed 1,000,0001., or
at the rate of about 21d. to each individual. A glance at
the Russian tariff will account for this singular circumstance.
The articles prohibited in Russia are ale, spirits, porcelain,
wearing apparel, some linen goods, canvas, printed cotton
and mixed stuffs, nankeen, parasols, pig iron by see, hard.
wares, as table knives and forks, sugar, except raw sugar im-
ported by sea, prepared hides, furs, carriages, and ornaments.
The following list will show the high duties fixed uponsome
of the articles imported :
Coffee, about 88 percent. ; raw sugar (by Sea) 126 per east;
wine (Austrian), 83 per cent. ; pig iron (by land), 171 per
cent. ; iron plate, 88 per cant. • leather, 250 per cent. ; cot-
ton yarn, 27 per cent.; worsted yarn, 186 per cent. ; earthen-
ware, 92 per cent.; window-glass, 278 per cent.; crystal
glass, 256 per cent.; razors, penknives, and steel penal
2,51. the cwt. ; fine steel goods, 12.51. the cwt. ; maaafuctimes
of gold and silver, 35 per cent.; watches of geed or with
golden ornaments, 140. each; lhanufactures set cotton Or
mixed, 171. to 2001. per cwt. ; linen, 471. per "wt.;
cambric, 1201. per cwt. • laces, bobbinett, &c., 140,... per cwt. ;
cloth, 701. per cwt. ; blankets, 24!. per cwt. ; 'Maras, 2003.
per owt. ; silk goods, 601. to 6007. per cut ; wlovee, 171. to
2001. per cwt. • paper, 11. to 181• per cwt ; boobs of later
edition than 1801, 11. 16i. per cwt., if they are allowed by
the censors. Goods free of duty are ax, hemp, skins (which
are not otherwise enumerated), machines as d node), books
printed before 1801, pictures, geograplii
cal and astrono-
mical instruments, raw gold and silver ; consequently there
••• wareelY comooditie4exclulnfl•dl ,etween Austria and
Russia except raw materials. Of the it spo to Austria the
principal articles are—cattle, amount, ,g to about 250,0001. ;
rts
wool, 40,0001. • and Muscovy
ex-
ports from Austria to Russia we
1-eath—r. .7, 40,000/. In the
have to mention—silk,
40,0001. • timber, 30,0(001. ; corn, ? ,2,0001. ; flour, 12,0001. ;
Iron gooks, 65,0001. • and it is r atlas!. surprising, that not-
withstanding the high ditties, ',here are included in these
experts glass ware to the amour ,t of 9,0001 • worsted goods,l
cotton Pods, 4.000% • linen gooks, 9,0001. ; silk
5,001:1. ; and leathery 0,45. 6,0001.
stroa of the tied* With Russia Is carried on, at fhe
i on the Blau'4 Sea, and the trade at these ports I
antria was 1' J arrivals and 182 departures. The
Isla% tt ; places on the Black Sea, amounting