The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-17 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 17.

THERE are two things which, if not absolutely essen-
tial f9r a political party, are yet eminently desirable;
a Policy and a Newspaper. Mr. NEWDEGATE having
drilled the Protectionists into marching order, and
Lied GEORGE I3ENTINCE having been put at their
head, inquiries begin to bo made for the Paper and the
Policy. His Lordship's speech at the Coleshill meet-
ing, shows that, like a careful leader, he has been
blinking of the needful. We cannot but admire the
boldness and judgment with which he suggests, that,
for providing a powerful organ for Protectionists in
the Daily Press, they should call in " the aid of the
Thunderer." It was .a bravo thought. His Lordship '
will enact GLENDOWER. as well as Harmer:lt, and
" call spirits from the vasty deep."
" But will they come when you do call for them ?"

There's the rub. Lord GEORGE, according to re-
port, is flush of money, in consequence not only of the
sale of his stud, but of the munificent admiration of
his political prowess by a near and dear relative.
Still he is scarcely rich enough to buy the Thunderer
and all his bolts. Nor is Jupiter set up to public
auction. Lord GEORGE is said not to have found it
open to private negotiation. Perhaps ho will tell us
all about it in his next speech. He must know that
" The actions of great leaders,
Like to the 'flotilla of prodigious 'meteors,
Ale step by step observed; and loud-tongued Fame
The herald to proclaim their entertainment."

Now the series, which " prate of his whereabout,"
do net tell of the success which he prematurely as-
Ranted in his intimations at Coleshill. In all mytho-
logies, the Thunderer sides with the strongest;
sad Protection is a long and increasing dis-
tance from that point. It was like Lord GEORGE
20 suppose, that the Press may be purchased for
any purpose by a liberal customer : that it may be
sold like a horse, or bribed like a jockey. But
there arc more things, in the l'ress and elsewhere, as
experience will speedily teach him, than are dreamed
of in his philosophy. Neither the Times, nor the
times, will come round to Protection. Without
vouching for the purity of either, we may calculate
on the interest of both. Lord GEnaGE thinks the
purchase of a popular paper nothing but a lark, which
he likes. But it is only when the sky falls that
we catch such larks. The party must forego the hope
of an organ, and continue to be its own trumpeter.
But it has a l'olicy ; and of all things in the world
for those who have been so unfortunately conspicuous
as a tax-loving and tax-absorbing class, the basis of
that policy is Taxation. Sonic have been for
governing un empire by bayonets, some by commis-
sions, and some by corruption; Lord GEORGE is for
governing by Custom-houses. Ho declares war
against the Excise and the Income-tax. Import
duties are the thing ; import duties on all articles of
foreign production, which can also be produced in
this country. The scheme is worthy of his rising
genius. It promises the people a privation of almost
all that makes it life to live." Its merit consists in
the number of good things which it would keep out
of the country, or confine to the wealthiest of its
inhabitants. Pushed to an extreme, we see not why
it should not end in a great cloudy custom-house,
shirting out sunbeams from all but ducal mansions,
and restricting the people to the light of our own
marshy exhalations, which under the encouragement
of high protective duties might be made much more
luminous by "native industry."
Uuder this system, Government would become
merely the machinery for inflicting on the great mass
of the people an interminable series of artificial priva-
tions. It would be an experiment upon the degree
of approximstien towards a state of nature to which
a civilised community can be reduced. And just in
proportion to its success in the infliction of privation
upon the people, would be its failure of realising a
revenue for the government Lord GEORGE', lessons
in logic have riot yet proceeded so far as to show him
that if you tax the people out of using a foreign
article, you carrot at the same time raise a revenue
on the importation of that article. A protection tax
and a state tax are antagonistic. They arc mutually
destructive purposes. Consumption replenishes the
treasury and annihilates the protection. Non-con-
sumption (of the foreimn product) is the perfection
of protection, and the exhaustion of the treasury.
This policy would leave Manchester without corn, or
Downing-street without cash. It is a sliding-scale
between two points, both of which indicate absolute
failure, though in opposite directions. It will never
do. A ucw policy must be invented by some "ta-
lented friend" for the proximate Premier.
Still the attempt was laudable. A party ought to
have a policy ; and, ostensibly at least, some honester
policy than simply that of picking the public pocket
for the protection and replenishment of its own purse.
To be without this, was the fatal blunder of the post-
reform conservatives. The organization of a party
without policy or principle, was a memorable ex-
periment. It seemed to work well through ten
years of opposition ; and five years of power crumbled
it to atoms, and scattered its elements to the
winds. Lord GEORGE BENTINCK and Mr. NEWDE-
GATE and Mr. MILES and Mr. DISRAELI, were all of
them parties to that experiment. It leaves them the
deadliest enemies of their late greatest leaders. They
have learned wisdom enough not to play the same
suicidal game over again. Sir ROBERT PEEL
and they part company, each for a fresh
experiment. Ile has found his principle, and leaves
that to make a party, if making a party be necessary.
They find themselves a party, and now set about
making their principle. Suppose they try the adver-
tising columns of the Thunderer. Those at least are

open on condition of payment. " Wanted, a public
Policy for O. numerous and respectable party. No
projector need apply, who does not consult the class
interest of its members." A handsome remuneration
would bring many applicants. Whether any of them
would propose a scheme more preposterous than that
of ruling by import duties, and rendering taxation the
conjoint machinery of Protection and Revenue, we
very much question.

Jr philanthropy has its discouragements, it has also
its pleasant triumphs. It often makes men ac-
quainted with strange yoke-fellows. Plebeian and
Peer find themselves thrown together in the genial
work of charity, to the great edification of the former
and glorification of the latter. A benevolent institu-
tion is nothing without a Lord at the heed of it. A
string of titled patrons draws more effectually, than a
list of cures Effected or cases relieved. The national
Lord Worship is thus turned to practical account. The
stream of charity may be a little polluted by the added
element, yet it carries blessing with it notwithstand-
ing. But if a coolly-bowing, dinner-accepting noble-
man, be an object of reverential admiration to the
plebeian philanthropist, what is a hand-shaking,
dinner-giving King? LOUIS-PHILIPPE may be an
unpopular sovereign in the Quartier Latin, but he
stands well with the corporation of London generally,
and one of the Sheriffs of Middlesex in particular.

His Majesty shows remarkable relish for civic
society. He seems to live in the interchange of a
perpetual round of civilities with corporations, big and
little. Few dinners at St. Cloud but are graced by
the presence of a mayor, or at least an alderman.
The last object of the royal attention is Mr. Sheriff
Layette, who has written to all the morning papen
to communicate the pleasing fact of his having dined
with LOUIS-PHILIPPE, which will probably counter-
balance any disagreeable feelings likely to arise from
the Spanish marriage question. Mr. Sheriff LAURIE
is known as the energetic agent of many philan-
thropic works, and inherits much of the activity
of his excellent uncle, Sir PETER, who puts down
all nuisances, from suicides to suburban swings.
The Sheriff had seized the opportunity of a
few days' relaxation of his official duties, to make
a flying inspection of the French prisons. He had
only been in Paris a few hours, when an invita-
tion arrived to dine " en famine" with his
Majesty Louts-PutureE at Neuilly. No time was
lost in securing the distinguished fore'gnerfor Saturday;
and we are delighted to learn from one who has sat at
his " mahogany," the pleasant feelings with which the
King regards England and the English. The Sheriff's
impressions arc thus summed up : " The kindness and
affabillity, the terms expressed for the welfare of
both great nations, the lively interest lie takes in
everything connected with the City of London, is a
compliment that must make us ever hold so great
and so exalted a monarch in the highest estimation,
and long may he be preserved as a blessing to both
countries." There is a universal, though unaccount-
able association in the civic mind, of Louts PHILIPPE'S
love of the Corporation of London, and the blessing
of his reign to Europe. The two are linked as cause
and effect. Ile could not be 80 great a king, with
any less relish for the frequent visitations of the
corporate body.
It is gratifying to think that at this period of
official idleness, the indefatigable Sheriff of Lon-
don and Middlesex is up and doing. A
few days have sufficed him to inspect the
prisons and prison discipline of France.
He is now on his way to Belgium and Hol-
land, and intends at a future period to proceed to
Germany, to investigate the prison systems of those
countries. The Home Secretary will, of course, have
the benefit of his inquiries for next session. 'We
have no doubt his toils will be materially lightened
by the gratuitous services of Mr. Sheriff LAURIE.
However, it was less to communicate this pro-
gramme of his extra-official labours, than to proclaim
the fact that he had dined with the King and Queen 1
of the French that the Sheriff-has addressed a circu-
lar to the morning papers. This invitation of course
shows their personal regard for the Sheriff, and their
interest in his philanthropic labours. It will lend an ,
additional lustre to his next appearance on any plat-
form ; and is a tacit rebuke to certain sovereigns
nearer home, who may accept corporation dinners,
but have never been known to return them.
While Mr. Sheriff LAURIE has, with eagle eye and
railway speed, been careering over the prisons of
France, Belgium, and Holland, the cause of philan-
thropy at home, strange as it may appear, has not
entirely stagnated. A meeting, important from the
spirit which animated it, and the amount of practical
experience it included, was held at Dundee on Wed-
nesday se'nnight, to promote the establishment in that I
town of juvenile s?hools of industry on the plan
adopted in Aberdeen. The distinctive feature of these
schools is, that they furnish not only an elementary 4.
ethmation, but some industrial training, and daily food,
to the destitute children of the city, who have no
other way of living but beggary or theft. 1
This criminal spawn, the intelligence of Aberdeen
has taken wholesale from its native bed of corruption
and transferred to a more wholesome region. The I
consequences have been marked. Juvenile vagrancy
is unknown not only in the city of Aberdeen, but in
a wide district round about it. The children are not
separated from their parents. They return in the
evening, to carry the influence of the lessons and ,
labour of the day to their criminal or careless elders. ,
These persons do not oppose themselves to a system
which feeds as well e. 9 educates their children. The
result is, a regular attendance at the schools, and, in
many cases, much good from the example brought by
the little pupil to a dissolute fireside circle, from the
worst influences of which he is sheltered, while be
still partakes of the blessing which hangs about a
home, however wretched.
The excellent Inspector of prisons for the Northern
district, in noticing these Aberdeen schools, con-
tends that though in Scotland, with its most imper-
fect poor law, such institutions may be productive of
good, some portion of it will be found counterbalanced
by attendant evil. In England, where there is a
comprehensive poor-law, providing (if administered in
the full spirit and intention of the law) for destitution
and want of every kind, he looks on such institutions
as unnecessary, and likely to produce more harm
than good; and maintains that, except in particular
eases (the circumstances of which are thoroughly
well-known to the parties concerned), there is danger
in giving charity, or in relievint, a parent from any
share of the cost of bis child's maintenance,
except by applying the test of a well-ordered
work-house. We have little doubt that Mr.
HILL is right in this stern reasoning, if pri-
sons and workhorses were what his theory sup-
poses them to be. But until both our poor-law and
police are perfect, private charity must find many
objects whose relief is justified not only by sympa-
thy, but sound sense. The Dundee meeting contem-
plated the foundation of schools for that town only.
The mischiefs and miseries of juvenile delinquency,
startling as they are in and about London, are, as a
general rule, more painful in Scotland than in Eng-
land. The great cause of this is the want of a poor-
law. There is no resource but mendicancy for the
widow left with a family, and denied all relief, or
allowed at best a pittance which mocks her necessities.
Were the prisons what they should be, and what
they might easily be made, such schools of industry
as those of Aberdeen would be less necessary even in
Scotland. The misfortune is, that even where efforts
have been made to turn the juvenile ward of the gaol
into a reformatory, they have been baffled, mainly
(as appears from the excellent remarks of Mr.
MILLER, Governor of the Glasgow Prison, in the last
report of the prison inspector for the northern dis-
tricts) by the practice of committing young delin-
quents for short terms only. Short imprisonments
are synonymous in provincial experience with re-
peated imprisonments. The culprit does not remain

long enough it' to re* any benefit frees its.
machinery of refertnatiOn, however perfect. He is
released at the end of his three weeks' or month's
confinement, no wiser, no better, no more able to
earn an honest livelihood, than before. Again he
pilfers to save himself from starvation. He is again
committed. And so he renews his round from the
streets to the gaol, from the gaol to the streets, until
he ripens for the hulks or the scaffold.
What is to be said to cases like this of a lad in
Glasgow prison ?
"My father and mother died soon after each other when I was
twelve yours old. No one looked after me. At first I went about car-
rying gentlemen's luggage; but sometimes I could get no job, and
had nothing to eat. I then began to steal, and ever since have
been living chiefly by bcgtkry and stealing. I hare sot &resort of
prison a fortnight together for three years. When out I cannot get
employment. I base tried every place, but there ta me one to speak
for me. AU the clothes I have I got from the prison for over-work;
but sometimes lam obliged to pawn them. I have two sisters, but
one of them has been banished, and the other will do nothing for me.
I have also a brother; but be has been banished. I have led a mi,r-
able life ; but I cannot do better. I should be glad to go to sea, or
anywhere that I could get a living."
If this boy had for his first offence undergone a
long term of imprisonment, with the advantages of
education and industrial training while in the prison,
and assistance in procuring employment on his dis-
charge, he might have grown up an industrious and
respectable man. As it is he lives the PARIAH'S life,
and encounters the PARIAH'S treatment : rejected
when he asks for honest work, punished when he
steals to satisfy the hunger ho has no worthier
means of appeasing.
Society does not deal fairly with such beings. They
hardly owe her any allegiance. " The world is not
their friend nor the world's law." Yet they are the
most hopeful subjects for reformatory treatment. I
To carry this op, at the same time, with any prospect
of success, the classification of young and old in our
gaols must be attended to. In our workhouses,
again, which receive their proportion of orphan
and destitute children, the schools should be under
the strictest surveillance. At present they are too
often simply scenes of tyrannical severity of dis-
cipline. The report on the Kirkdale schools
of industry at Liverpool (published in the
minutes of the Committee of Council on Edu-
cation for l 846) illustrates the character of the
average workhouse school. It is enough to say that,
except restraint, no one object of education seems to
have been aimed at, much less attained. Unless,
however, our prisons and workhouses contain a special
apparatus for the education of their younger inmates,
the theory of Mr. HILL cannot be rigorously carried
out; and ordinary benevolence must still direct its
effortathrough such channels as the Industrial school,
or the thousand and one similar institutions of our
empire, while a longer sighted charity is removing
the imperfections and supplying the wants of our
prison discipline and workhouse organization.

We have received the Paris journals of Tuesday,
with our private correspondence.
On Monday the King and royal family took up
their residence at St. Cloud. The Prince and Printers
of Salerno left Scully on Saturday for Belgium.
On Monday twelve battalions of infantry, and a bat-
tery of artillery, assembled at St. bland, where some
militate mancruvres took place, under the command
of the Due de Nemours.
M. Jules Ilenneeart, a Conservative-progressist, has
just been elected deputy at Loudun (Vienne), in the
room of M. Nozereau, resigned. M. Nozereau was ,
a member of the Opposition, and relinquished his seat
in the Chamber that he might apply himself exclu-
sively to his functions as Government Engineer-
of Naval Constructions. M. Ilennecart is bro-
ther-in-law of M. Ardoin, the well-known banker.
The Session of the Conseils Genemux des Departe-
mens began on the 14th inst. in every chef-lieu.
The deposits received in Paris by the Savings' Bank
during the week ending Monday 14th inst., amounted
to 606,471 francs, the sums withdrawn to 616,266
francs.

Although the Due de Nlontpensier's departure will
not be fixed for some days, it appears now certain
that he will not be accompanied by any memberof the
royal family, but by his suite only, and the French
ladies appointed to belong to the Duchess's establish-
ment. _ _ _ _ _

Letters written on board vessels of the French
Squadron of Evolution, early in this month announce
that the fleet continues in the ports of the Mediterra-
nean. The steam frigates Descartes and Asmodee
were to return to Toulon, but it was expected that
the squadron would remain in that sea, in consequence
of the agitated state of Morocco.
Sidi Ben Ayet, Envoy Extraordinary of the Bey
of Tunis to the Court of the 'Tuileries, embarked ou
the 10th at Toulon, on board the Dante steamer,
which has been presented to the Bey by Louis Phi-
lippe. Sidi Ben Ayet wag received with due honours
at Toulon. The Dante left the harbour in the

evening.
M. de Barbosa, Minister Plenipotentiary of the
Emperor of Brazil to the Court of Russia has
arrived in Paris on his way to St. Petersburg. Ile
would remain only a few days in the French capital.
The consumption of meat in Paris during the month
of August last shows an increase on the same month
of 1845. It was this year, 6,074 oxen, 2,171 cows,
7,500 calves, 42,668 sheep. Meat and poultry con-
tinue very dear.
For the last four days the Parisian population has
been entirely
.deprived of ice, owing to the great con-
sumption during the intensely hot summer. Several
ships with cargoes of ice are expected from the North
at llavre. •

The Madrid papers of the 10th instant continue to
expatiate upon the royal alliances. El Heraldo in-
forms us that it is not exact, as some journals have
stated, that the French ambassador has already for-
mally demanded the hand of the Infanta for the Duke
do Montpensier. This ceremony will take place
shortly; in the meanwhile all preparations are making
in Madrid and Paris to draw up the necessary papers,
&c. The dispensation of the Pope for the union of
Queen Isabella with her cousin Don Francisco is
expected in Madrid about the 20th of this month.
Count de Guitaud, brother of Madame De Bresson,
left Madrid for Paris on the 10th. It was reported
that the Duke de Glucksberg would leave Madrid
in two or three days to meet the Duke de Mont-
pensier at the frontier, and it is said that Senor
Arana will accompany him on this mission from the
Spanish court. The Marquis do Miradores and Duke
de Sotomayor had both arrived in Madrid, and had
conferences with the President of the Council. It was
reported that the Government would not submit the
question of dowry of the royal sisters to the Cortes
convoked for the 14th inst. Some of the English
squadron were off Cadiz. Letters from Catalonia
assert the perfect tranquillity that exists everywhere.
El Heraldo rejoices very much over the reduction
of the sugar duties, and says :
" The reduction of the import duties on foreign sugars in
Great Britain, announced yesterday officially in La Gaceta,
opens to our colonies a new era of prosperity which will
powerfully contribute to consolidate the ties that bind them
to the mother country. AU the magnificent results which
we anticipate are due to the enlightened commercial policy
of Sir Robert Peel, so nobly adopted by the present BritiA
government. We see in that fact not only a great financial
measure, but moreover a guarantee of that union and s►-
ternal peace to which at this time all the nations of Europe
ara tending."
In El Espanol we find two letters from Portugal,
the that dated Lisbon, Sept. 2.
" The capital is tranquil ; there are only some discordant
elements in the north, where Father Casimir, at the head of
a handful of men who proclaim Don Miguel, endeavours to
raise the country, but in vain. The battalion of Das-Antas
has received orders to rout these rebels, and we shall soon
hear that Father Casimir has ceased to be Commandant-
General of Tras-os-Montes. There is an absurd report of
contracting a loan with England, giving the Island of Ma-
deira as security."
The second letter is dated, frontiers of Portugal,
Sept. 15.
The ConntDas•Antas is expected at Chaves from Braga.
He is desirous that the troops of Yalenza, Oporto, Braga,
and Chaves should attack the Miguelite guerillas under the
orders of Father Casimer, who, up to this time, had not bees
interfered with, as he ht,d helped to overturn the Costa
Cabinet, but now it v, decided that he must be at once put
down."

Our Madrid correspondent has transmitted to us
the follo'•ing copy of the first note written by our
Ambssisador, Mr. Bulwer, to Signor Isturitz, on the
subject of the marriage of the Infanta Luisa with thy
Due de Montpensier. We reproduce it textually:—

" Madrid, 31st August, 1846.
" I have heard (though not from your excellency) that in
addition to the marriage of the Queen with Don Francisco
de which has been announced to me, the Infanta
Donna Luisa is to be married at the aamc time to the Due