The Express.
London, England, 1853-12-01 00:00:00

FRANCE.

PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING.
•Advices have been received from Trieste, which
state that the Ottoman forces in Asia have followed
up their successful defence of fort St. Nicholas by the
capture of the fortresses of Usurgheti and Souchoum-
Kaleh. The Georgians, it is also stated, are favour-
able to the Turks.

Letters from Constantinople contradict the state-
ment of M. Magnan's departure. He has received
orders from General Baragnay d'Hilliers to remain.
A communication from Vienna of the 24th an-
nounces that the Austrian corps of observation in
Transylvania is to be placed under the command of
General Schlick, whose head quarters are at Klatt-
senberg.
It is stated in the most recent despatches which
have reached hero from Wallachia, that several
skirmishes had taken place between the Turks and
Russians at points on the banks of the Danube, in
which the former had been uniformly successful.
A report wu in circulation yesterday that the
Emperor had been fired at in the wood of Fontain-
bleau by au usassic, who having succeeded in inflict-
ing a wound on his Majesty, subsequently committed
suicide. The rumour, however, has no other founda-
tion than the occurrence of a trivial accident to the
Emperor during one of his hunting parties.
The 23rd anniversary of the Polish Revolution was
celebrated yesterday by the performance of religious
services at the churches of the Assumption and of
St. Elizabeth.

Letters from Constantinople state that Omer Pacha
has intercepted and sent to the Porte a letter from
Menehikoff to Gortschakoff, advising the latter to
keep as quiet as possible in Wallachia.
The Weems have offered to furnish gold and silver
from the treasuries of the church for the use of the

government. The Sultan has dec'ined this offer, not
wishing to do anything which would give a religious
character to the war.

Scrim Pacha is appointed to the post of diplomatic
,uncillor to the Turkish commander in Asia.

On the 24th ult. Ismael Pacha and Schamyl were
to make simultaneous attacks on the Russian lines.
The Porte has resolved for the present not to
accept the offers made for raising a Hungarian and
an Italian legion. The Polish legion, however,
will be organised at once at Scatari, and then proceed
to Kars.

It is announced from St. Petersburg that the Czar
is about to issue another manifesto.

The closing prices at the Bourse to day show a
decline of lOc. to 13c. compared with the closing
rates of yesterday. The Four-and-a-Halt per Cent.
Bentes left off at 99.93; and the Three per Cents, at
74.16; Bank shares, 2,890.

PARIS, TUESDAY EVENINO.

The various correspondence from Constantinople,
published this morning by the French journals,
leaves the question whether French and English
ships of war are at this moment in the Black Sea as
doubtful as ever. The Conslitutionnel is informed by
its own correspoadent, that on the 15th—the day of
the departure of the Egypte', or at least on the fol-
lowing day, the English frigates Retribution, Tiger,
Niger, and Sampson, one of them carrying Admiral
DundLes flag, were to sail for the Black Sea, " for
the purpose of exploring the European coast as far as
Varna." Immediately afterwards, a division of four
French frigates, under the orders of Admiral Hame-
lin, was to make a similar survey on the Asiatic side,
as far as Trebizond. The Conatitutionnel further
says, that other letters of a day later (by what route
received is not stated) announce that an English
division, composed of the four steamers above-men-
tioned had actually started for the mouth of
Selina, where it was said a number of boats
laden with corn were detained by the Russian au-
thorities. " Other versions," this journal goes on to
say, " affirm, on the contrary, that the vessels are
destined to second the movement of the Turkish
division which has been for some time cruising in
the Black Sea. One cannot but be surprised at see-
ing a statement of this importance ventilated in such
a loose way by a government organ. The " versions"
alluded to describe a direct act of war against Russia,
and it is certain that nobody either in Paris or
London is prepared to find that we have got that
length yet. However this may be, the fact of the
ships being in the Black Sea at all cannot be consi-
dered as established. M. Xavier Raymond, the
correspondent of the Debate, writing from Pens on
the 14th, says, indeed, that firmans had been granted
for three (instead of four) vessels from each squadron
to enter the Black Sea, but in a subsequent letter of
' the next day ho says the ships have not gone, and the
plan is for the moment abandoned.
On the chance of their not having already reached
you I notice a few striking fact, from the haat which
I collect from different sources. The name of the
Russian ship captured by the Turks at Chefkatil
was the Foudroyant. This is the very vessel that
bore Mecchikoff to Constantinople on his insolent
and memorable mission, and remained there during
his whole stay. There are considerable discrepancies
as to the number of men on board, and also as to how
many were made prisoners by the Turks. Instead of
1,300 as mentioned in the first telegraphic despatch,
some accounts speak of 800 as the number of the
crew ; others state that this was the number of the
soldiers on board. That they were " all" led captive
to Constantinople is evidently a mistake, for the
greater part of them were drowned ; but it seems
pretty clear that the Turks took all that were saved,
and this number is variously stated as 25, 100, and
200. The Foudroyant was not, as might have
been supposed from the telegraphic despatch,
surprised when accidentally " stranded." She was
one of the vessels engaged in the sea attack upon
Chetkatil (Fort St. Nicholas), and she was terribly
knocked about by the Turkish batteries. She put to
sea in a damaged plight, to escape being taken, and
while running away struck on a rock and went
down. The Egyptian steam frigate Nile pursued
her. The destruction of the Foudroyant and the cap-
ture of the remnant of the crew, under these circum-
stances, is a tact of great importance, and it made an
immense sensation at Constantinople. It is thought
the Sultan will go to Adrianople sooner than the
imperial hat of Oct. 31 announced. Orders have been
given to hasten the preparations for his reception,
not only in Adrianople but in Schumla, Widdin,
and Routschouk. All the corp dipluniatique whose
rank accredits them to the Sultan's person are ex-
, pected to accompany him, at least during part of his
journey. It is confirmed that the I'urtc positively
, declined to take into consideration the new note
proposed by France and England. The Sled( says
Lord de Redcliffe asked Resehid l'acha to put in
writing the reasons for the refusal, and this will
probably be done. No contract had yet been made
for the supply of provisions to the French fleet. On
the day mentioned in the announcement issued from
the French embassy but one tender was sent in, and

that was above the limited maximum. it was stated
at Constantinople that while Turkey had allowed
Russian subjects in her dorniuions six months to
settle their affairs, all the Ovoinan residents in
Russia had been required to withdraw iu 4$ hours.
The rumour that the Porte was about to create
paper money at the end of November is contra-
dicted. I find nu confirmation of the recall of
M. de IVddenbruck, the Prussian minister. Letters
from Smyrna of the 14th say that M. Weiss, then
on a mission there, had been ordered to Constanti-
nople, and it was thought that ho was about to re-
place the Austrian interuuncio, M. de Bruck, ad
interim. There was a telt at Constantinople of a
plot instigated by Russia, and carried on by a so-
Iciety of orthodox Greeks. Several arrests had, it is
said, been made.
The Patric of this evening says the rumours of
lan armistice to be concluded by the mediation of the
great powers are completely devoid of foundation,
and that letters from Constantinople down to the
16th affirm that the most formal orders have been
sent to Abdi Pacha not to relax hostilities in Asia.

Letters from Malta of the 25th say that prepara-
tions are making for the formation of a camp of
6,000 men in the island. Several ships were ex-
pected from England, destined, with the Terrible,
Queen, and London, to form a division of reserve for
Admiral Dundas's squadron.
The Bourse has been steady to-day. The Threes
rose 5c., closing at 74.30, after having touched 74.50.
In railways there was but little variation from yes-
terday's prices.
The Emperor and Empress will leaveFontainbleau
to-morrow. The llfoniteur announces that there will
be no fete on the anniversary of December 2, the
only official fete day in the year being the St. Napo-
leon, August 15.
The fusion is no longer, it seems, a tabooed subject.
The Steele reproduces, from a country paper, the
proces rerbal of the meeting of the cousins, and the
Patrie has a leading article, throwing ridicule upon
the tuaotruvre. It is reported that the Count de

Chambord will visit Clarimont in the spring.

SPAIN.

-- • -

The Madrid journals of the 21th state that the
dissension between the senate and the government
with respect to the railway bills continued and ex•
cited great interest. The senate had nominated a
committee to report on the bill presented to it; but
the Minister atter holding a council sent a royal
order to the senate not to proceed further in the
matter, as the government had presented a bill on
the same subject to the Chamber of Deputies. This
order was to be taken into consideration by the
senate in the next day'. sitting. The Clamor Public°
says that the ministry has resolved to create forty
new senators in order to be sure of a majority. The
committee nominated on the railway bill consists of
the Duke de Sotemayor, General Concha, M. Olivan,
M. Lopez, Count de Torre-Marin, M. Infante, and
M. Moreno.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

.

The Patrie contains the summary of a circular ad-
dre• sod by the Grand Vizier of the Sultan to all the
Ottoman authorities, recommending them not,
through any apprehension of want of corn and other
provisions arising fbr the capital and the Turkish
armies, to prevent the completion of such contracts or
bargains as had been effected in advance by landed
proprietors or farmers with foreign merchants, pro-
vided always that the quantities called for by the
'government had been duly furnished. The circular
adds, that in whatever provinces any prohibition has
been issued to the fulfilment of such sales, the autho-
rities are enjoined to withdraw them.
" A national subscription, which was opened (says
the Patrie) at Smyrna, for the purchase of horses
for the Turkish army, amounted in a few days to up-
wards of 260,000 piastres (63,000 f.)." The Impartial
of Smyrna, in alluding to this subscription, states that
its amount already exceeds the taxes annually paid
by the Mussulman population of that place to the
Turkish goverument.
A letter from Vienna of the 24th, in the Post
Arnpt Gazette of Frankfort, says :—" On the 16th
the Russian troops again attacked the islands situ-
ated opposite Smurda, near Giurgevo, and the
Turkish flotilla. On that day the Turks pointed
their guns on the town. It is positively stated that
the Turkish corps near Kalafat, commanded by
Ismail Pacha, forming the left wing of the opera-
tions of Omer Pacha, is already 25,000 strong, and
lit will shortly receive a reinforcement of 5,000
more. The Russians have a similar force at Krajowa
It is now stated that the Turks have withdrawn their
advanced posts, which had been pushed on a mile
beyond Kalafat."
A letter from Warsaw of the 23rd states that Gen.
Uszakow, having received orders to proceed to
Bucharest, had at once taken his departure for that
place. Another letter, in the National Gazette of
Berlin, says :—" The whole Russian army is composed
of six corps, alai'''s ready to march. Three of them
arm employed in actual warfare—that of Dannenberg,
that of Luders (half in Europe and half in Asia), and
that of Osten-Sacken. A complete active corps
:armee is composed of 50,000 infantry, but deduct.
ing those on furlough, the number is only 42,500
men ; the cavalry numbers 3,760. The artillery,
heavy and field, amounts to 212 pieces of cannon."
The Post --Impt Gazette contains a letter from
Posen of the 24th, which says: " Intelligence has
been received here from Kalisch, declaring that all
the Russian corps quartered in Poland have act out
towards the south. General Adlerberg is still at
Kalisch, regulating the march of the troops. The
duty of the town is performed by the invalid corps.
The regiments which have taken their departure are
to be replaced by new troops, and it is even expected
that a regiment of the guard is to pass the winter at
Kalisch."

The Noncelliftte of Hamburg contains a letter from
St. Petersburg of the 19th, which states that the
Privy Councillor Baron Nicholai had just left that
city for Tiflis, and the Privy Councillor Soltikoff for
Warsaw, both of them on special missions.
The Cronstadt Gazette states that the Russian
General Engelhart exercises full governmental power
in the eut of Wallachia. Before Prince Stirbey left
the principality, the garrison of Braila was one
morning alarmed, and the Wallschian battalion was
upon this occasion posted on the right flank of the
Russian troops. The commanding officer of the
Wallachians immediately afterwards applied to the
Hospodar, asking for orders, in the event of a repeti-
tion of such an occurrence, and received a private in-
timation that he would do well to conform to the
orders of the Russian general. The Wallachian
officers hereupon joined in an address to the prince,
in which they represented that they had only sworn
to the flag of their native country, and that inasmuch
as this was not at war with Turkey, they felt com-
pelled to send in their resignations. Upon this the
battalion was ordered into the interior.

TILE EIIELASIIES AND EYEBROWS.—In eircageia
Georgia, Persia, and India, one of the mother's earliest
cares is to promote the growth of her children's eyelashes,
by tipping and removing the fine gossamer-like points
with a pair of scissors, when they are asleep. By repeat-
ing this every month or six weeks, they become, in time,
long, close, finely curved, and of a silky gloss. The prac-
tice never fails to produce the desired effect, and it is par-
ticularly u•eful when, owing to inflammation of the eyes,
the lashes have been thinned er stunted.—lfoooland on the
Hair.

Tut: EMPEROR NICHOLAS'S MODE OF LIFE.—The
Emperor Nicholas leads a life of the most feverish activity.
He rides, walks, holds a review, superintends a sham fight,
goes on the water, gives a flee, exercises a navy, and all in
the same day. do travels incessantly, passes over at least
fifteen hundred leagues every season, and all thrum who are
attached to his person have to share his fatigue. The Em-
press, who will follow him everywhere, loses her health by
doing au; and it is said that the young Grand Duke Con-
stantine will fall a victim to the mode of travelling adopted
by his rather. Nicholas is in the habit of travelling not
less than seven leagues in au open culeche.— Adrian
40/I'4 " The i'zar and The Sultan."

LYNull LAW.—Three persona, two Sonorauians
and one Californian, accused of murder and robbery, were
hanged by Lynch law on the 9th inst., at San Luis Obispo
They were arrested, tried, and convicted by the citizens of
Los Angeles, but the Spanish citizens outnumbered in the
meeting the Am ricans, who wish, d to hang the prisoners.
The Californian• were opposed to Lynch law, and, it is
said, were determined to resist its execution at all costs.
The meeting then determined to send the prisoners to San
Luis Obispo, where the crimes were committed. The pri •
toners were accordingly sent by the steamer Goliah to that
place, and immediately upon their arrival they were seized
and hanged by • party of Americana who wers on the
beach.—Ncto York Couricr.

THE THEATRE OF WAR IN ASIA
• -

The mission of the two farkish armies in Asia is
to break the circle of iron in which General Woranzotf his
for years been endeavouring to confine the Caucasian
is
'lnfection. Abdi Paella, leaving Erzeroum, is to penetrate
into Use valley of the Itioni, and to march straight before him
on Coutais, and from thence on Tiflis. Selisa Pasha is
charged to operate on the coast of the Back Sea, AIM to
restore to Bellamy' his liberty of action and of obtaining
stores. In Asia, the frontier territories of Russia and
Turkey divide themselves, in a military paint of view, into
rather concatenation of ridges, connecting the Caucasus with
two distinct theatres of operation. It is the high nige. or
the table-land of Central Armenia, and divititl the waters
that run toward the Black Sea trout those which the Amos
leads to the Caspian Sea, or the Euphrates to the Per-
elan Gulf; it is this ridge which formerly parted Armenia
from Pontes, that now form.: the partition of the two dis-
tinct districts where the war is to be waged. This range
of abrupt and generally barren rocks. is traversed by very
few roads—the two principal of which are those from
Trebisond and Batun to Erzeroum. Thus for all military
purposes, the hills in question may be Considered as nearly
impassable, forcing both parties to have distinct oorps on
either side, operating more or less independently of each
other.

The country on the shore of the Black Sea is inter-
sected by • number of rivers and mounta,n torrent,
which form as many military positions for defence:
Both the Russian and the Turk,' have fortified posts
on important points. In this generally broken country,
(the valley of the river Rioni A the only one which
forms anything like a plain), a defensive war might be
carried on with great success against a superior army (as
very few positions are liable to be turned on the land side,
on account of the mountain.), were it not for the
cooperation of the respective fleets. By advancing, atd,
in cue of need, landing troops, upon the flank of the
enemy, while the army engages him in front, a fleet
might turn all these strong positions, oue by one, and
neutr iliie, if not destroy, fortifications which, ot
neither side of the frontier, are very respectable. Thus
the posses ion of the Black Sea coast belongs to Inm who
is muter of the Sea.

The country in the interior, oa the Mar' side if the
mountains, comprises the territory in which the Euphrates,
tte Araxes, and the Kur (Cyrus) take their rise; the
Turkish province of Armenia is en the one, the itusaisn
province of Georgia on the other side of the frontier. This
country, too, is extremely mountainous and generally im-
passable to armies. Erzeroum on the part of the Turks,
Tiflis on the part of the Russians, may be said to be the two
immediate bases of operations, with the loss of which the
possession of the whole neighbouring country would be in-
evitably lost. Thus the storming of Erzeroum by the Rus-
sians decided the Asiatic campaign of 1829.

But what is the immediate basis of operation for one
party, will be the direct object of operations to the other.
Thus the roads connecting Tiflis and Erzeroum will be the
fines of operations for both. There are three roads ; one
by the upper Rut and Akhalzikbe, the other by the upper
A and Erivan, the third ,in the midst between these
two, across the mountains by way of Karp. All these teat
are guarded on either side by fortified towns and posts.
and it would be difficult to say which would be for Turks
or Russians the most eligiole. Suffice it to say that the road
by Akbalzikhe is the one which would lead a Turkish army
must directly upon the insurgent districts of the Caucasus.
and the object of the Russian general would probably be
to tura the advance of the Turks by a corps advancing
from Batun up the valley of the Tchorokh by Otti upon
Erzeroum ; the road from Batun joins that front Tiflis only
about fifteen miles from Erzeroutn.

The key to the theatre of war in Mis, and on either side
of the hills, then, is Batun, and considering this as well as
its commercial importance, we need not wonder at the
efforts the Czar has always been making to get hold of it.
And Baton is the key of the theatre of war—nay, of all
Turkey in Asia, because it commands the fluty passable road
from the coast to the interior—a road whi h turns all the
Turkish positions in advance of Erzeroum. And which.
ever of the two fleets in the Black Sea drives the other back
into its harbours, that fleet commands Batun.

Now, it is exceedingly probable that Captain Slade
(Muahaver Pacha) nas only left with a division of steamers
to support the eaterprise of Selim Parrha, and we must expect
to learn soon that the Eastern coast is cleared of all the ob-
stacles which the Russians have taken pleasure in creating.
As soon as the Turks shall have done their duty, we may be
certain that Schamyl will do his, a., though abandoned to
his own resources, he has for twenty years successively
combatted the most renowned Russian generals. Schamyl
was born in 1797. His beard became greyish at an early
age, but his hair is light, and his constitution, though appa-
rently weak, has been so well preserved end exercised that
he possesses almost all the advantages of youth. He is the
first horseman, the first marksman, the first swimmer of the
Caucasus, though in that country able horsemen, swim-
.men, and marksmen abound. But Sckamyl is not only en
excellent general; he is also a moat able administrator.
Rtligion is in his hand. an instrument of rule, and also an
instrument of moralisation and patriotism. Since 1831,
when he succeeded Chasj Mullah, who died at his
side at the breach of Hinny, in an engagement with the
Russians, not a single act of weakness can be alleged against
him. Sober, chaste, active, comparatively enlightened, he
has never employed the power with which he is invested for
the satisfaction of his personal passions. The sect of which
he is the chief is called Muride, and its object is to destroy
the schism which exists between the followers of Ali, of
Abou-Bekr, and Omar. He has nearly succeeded in the
Caucus*, and of one hundred tribes different by origin,
traditions, and, to a certain degree, by language, he has
formed a people ready to die for their faith and their coun-
try. Let Selim Pacha give room for operations, and let
him supply ammunition to such a man, and Russia will
soon feel all the conquests which during the last fifty years
she has made by cunning, intrigue, and corruption in Min-
grelia, Crouria, and Georgia, tremble in her hands, and then
slip from them altogether.

CIIRISTIANIA, Nov. 18.—The Norwegian railway
labourers have, on occasion of the intended departure of
one of the English sub•contractors, Mr. Jarvis Kershaw,
given a gratifying proof of bow well they know how to ap-
preciate kind and just treatment. Mr. Kershaw has been
engaged on the railway 21 years, and has during that
period evinced the greatest interest in the welfare of the
labourers, who are said to have been formed under his
training into a very efficient staff. As his part of the un-
dertaking is soon completed, and he will in consequence
leave the country, the labourers assembled en masse on the
10th, Mr. Kershaw's birthday, and, with their spades on
their shoulders, proceeded to his house to present to him a
silver wine Jug with an inscription, and with a spade, a
pickaxe, and other implements of labour, worked in relief.
Pastor Milling, who headed the procession, expressed in
the name of the labourers their gratitude and attachment
to the kind master, who never let the sick and the poor go
unaided from his presence. Mr. Kershaw's pleasurable
surprise was as treat as the enthun am of th^ labourers,
who, after having sung several appropriate songs, were
hospitably entertained by the gentleman they bad assembled
to honour.

THE ADULTERATION OF COFFEE.—Yeaterday, at
the Court of Inland Revenue, Somerset House, Edward
Alfred Marsh, No. 103, Long lane, Bermondsey ; William
I'rimmer, 104, High-street, Wapping; Alfred Dennis,
Church-street, Hackney; William Buroard, 104, Went-
worth•place, Shoredi•ch ; William Newman, 23, Little Belle
alley, City ; and James Morris, 128, lloundsditch, were
each lined 101. for selling coffee adulterated with chicory
as pure coffee. The extent of the adulteration varied from
9 to 43 per cent.
CONoIECRATION OF COLONIAL BISHOPS OF NATAL
AND ORARAM'S Tows.—Yesterday morning the ceremony
of consecrating the bishops appointed to the newly con-
stituted sees of Natal and Graham's Town took place in St.
Mary's, Lambeth. The officiating prelates were the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Landon, and the
Bishop of Oifthil. 't he church was crowded, although ad-
mission was obtained only by tickets. Long before the
hour appointed for the ceremony the church bells rang a
peal, and the church organ played appropriate music. The
reverend divines elevated were the Rev. Dr. John William
Colenso, of St. John's, Cambridge, and the Rev. Dr. John
Armstrong, of Lincoln College, Oxford; the tormer nomi-
nated to the bishopric of N'atsl, and the latter to the
bishopric of Graham's Town. Divine service was performed
by the Rev. Charles Dalton, the rector, assisted by the
Rev. Messrs. James, Ensom, and Gregory ; after which
the Bishop of Oxford ascended the pulpit, and delivered an
impressive sermon. At'r r the service the new bishops were
duly admitted to ther.r sacred office by the imposition of
hands. The proceedis,go occupied several hours.
FALLING HOUF,ES IN RUSSELL-COURT, DRURY-
LANE.—The occupi era of the houses numbered li, It, and
20, Russell-court, Drury-lane, having been greatly alarmed
by the sudden isir.king of the walls and timbers of their
respective dwel'tiags, immediately vacated them; and it
was found the r their condition was so highly dangerous
that workmte,, ore employed in shoring up the walls, and
securing the several floors by means of jack screws. until
the substroctureo are put into a state of stability.
S1111".4 ENT OF COLD TO FRANCE.—The Cambria
steamer, Captain Miller, sailed from Liverpool yesterday
for P.avre, with the cargo and passengers of the Mor-
gant damaged by a collision in the Channel. She
hat: on hoard 340,000 dollars, part of the supply brought
by the royal mail steam ship Africa from New York on
Sunday.