The Express.
London, England, 1847-01-21 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 21, 1847.

BIRTH-DAY ADDRESS TO THE READERS

OF THE ^DAILY NEWS."

This is the anniversary of the birth-day of the
Daily 2Vetrs. On this auspicious morning of the
year 1846 our paper was born amid more than com-
mon perils, and, as the result has proved, with a con-
stitution more than commonly vigorous. A rough
nursing had the Doily News. Even its own kith
and kin looked doubtfully on the stranger, and fear-
fully on that world of enemies into which it had
come. But the paper had no fears for itself;—nod is
here, accordingly, to receive the congratulations of its
friends, a strong and vigorous nency, on the first
anniversary of its birth !
Twelvemonths, it is true, is somewhat short of
the half century which is about the age of the
youngest of its contemporaries ; and if in such growths
wisdom were to be measured by years, and strength
were the exclusive gift of time, the present aspect
and position of the Daily ?era must be looked on as
nothing less than a miracle. Yet there is no miracle
in the matter. The genii who shed their gifts on the
advent of our paper were all good and lawful genii,
who gave these only on conditisns—and are ready
everywhere to confer them, on the same. A "star
danced," it is true, at our birth; but it was the same
Ear that looks propitiously on all sincere purpose and
earnest endeavour.

The perilous time in all lives is infancy—and most
of all in the life of the newspaper: but infancy is, as
our readers know, a comparative word—in the natural
world and in the world of art. Some bright and beauti-
ful creatures have, in the former, their birth, life
and death comprehended within the circle of a sum-
mer's clay,—while others, after many centuries of
days, die prematurely. A twelvemonth embraces all
that can properly be called the infancy of a daily
newspaper:—the paper that survives that period is
an infant no more. There is no man connected with
the periodical press—not one of all the " Combined"—
who would not have admitted at the outset of our
career that a journal which could fight through a
twelvemonth must have received such support from
the public as would make the future safe. This,
which, in the light-hearted days of prophecy
that warned us in vain, our rivals would have
admitted with a sneer that expressed no fear of
us, they have admitted since with a grimace, and in
language far more emphatic, by their combination.
They had facts abundant to explain the sneer,—not
to justify it, as we hare taken care; and, working
with familiar elements, the greatest astrologer of
them all drew our horoscope,—and drew it wrong.
He has corrected his elements now, and is a wiser—
perhaps a sadder—" if not a better" man. Meantime,
some of those facts were striking enough, we must
confess, to mislead a sage whose philosophy tra-
velled not out of a beaten track, and could apprehend
no influences beyond such as shaped the ordinary
conjunctions with which he had been familiar. For
example, we were reminded lately by a reference in the
Alyemeine Zeitreng, of the history of the Itepresen,a-
tire—a daily morning newspaper started by the late
Mr. Murray. All the elements with which our
rivals reckon seemed combined for the success of
that experiment; and its rising on the literary
horizon was, we dare say, watched as something
more ominous than that of the Doily News. No
one ever questioned the liberal spirit of the projector
—or the abundant resources, intellectual and pecu-
niary, at his command. Yet the Represtenlati,e,
after a boundless expenditure and a hopeless strug-
gle, died within a period which can be counted
only by weeks—relieving its rivals of the fear
with which they had watched its birth—and be-
queathing to them a lesson which they had not, it
seems, the wit to apprehend. That lesson, as written
there and in many another sign, we pondered well ;
and the result is, that we have already outlived
the probable term of existence for a new London
morning newspaper ten times over,—and look,
in every desirable sense of the word, as old as our
rivals, with only twelve months on our back. Certa'n
marks of senility, it is true, we concede to them,
which we have not attained—and are not seeking. To
be at once old and young is the true ideal of an
enduring newspaper power: and this can be
attained by those only, amongst them, who are
willing to combine length of years and immutability
of principles with the youth of all such details as
time and circumstances justly demand.
lint ours, as our readers know, have not been
merely the common accidents to which the youth of a
newspaper is exposed : and the strength of the life
that has all along been in Ils is to be tested by some-
thing more than the power which we have had to
resist —these. Besides casualties, we have had
the malicious as well as the good genii on our
path: and, born so near the Christmas time,
our progress has been persecuted by Pantaloon. In
that one year within whose compass we have grown
into what we are, we have escaped the CATO con-
apiracy,—sustained the COCKER onslaught which arose
out of it,—and survived the Combination of the great
morning powers. Ilad we faltered in our purpose at
any time,—had we not known thoroughly what we
meant to do, and our means, before we began to do
it,—had we wanted faith in our public or ourselves,—
we were inevitably given up to the hostile spirits
that lay in wait for us. But we had not so
loosely built our own intentons, or calculated the
cost. CATO was a shadow—and we were not to be
startled on our path by shadows. COCKER is an
ancient schoolmaster—and we had taken our leavens

from the " schoolmaster " who is " a broad ;" so that
the Times and we were working with different ele-
ments. The Times did a very clever exercise in
"Profit and LON," and anguished its readers by its
command of figures ; but the problem, besides be-
traying some ignorance of its own account-books,
was not ei propos of the Daily News. So
COCKER did not hurt us. But the Com-
bination was unexpected,—and struck us hard.
It raised the odds against us to a fearful
amount. Had there been weakness in us, the Com-
bination would have found it out. Had we been
men to yield, we had yielded then. But the mea-
sure which showed to ourselves how strong our rivals
thought us, proved to them that we were stronger
than they thought. Out of that intended injury came
a new element and proof of the confidence established,
between us and the public in whose cilium we were
engaged. In the case of the COCKER fallacy, we had
experienced beneficially that every false argument
employed against a rival does more than fail
when the assailant is disarmed—it leaves an addi-
tional weapon in the hand of the party assailed. In
the present case, we profited by that indignant feeling
which, in all combats going on before his eyes, puts
JOHN BULL instantly as a partisan on the side un-
fairly struck at. ithout a moment's hesitation—
fearing neither the spirit of our foes nor the mere
letter of our own previous pledges where the effect
was in danger—we laid the whole case before the
public : and went on at their bidding, and
with their renewed support. The result has been
gain, every way. The Combination, as our readers
know, was something more than a mere combination
—it included a seduction. We previously divided the
coot of our expresses and agencies with the Herald,—
es the Times did with the Chronicle and Post : and so
were on something approaching to an equal footing
with others, as regarded the more material sinews of
war. Our ally was tempted from us : and it was de-
termined that the Daily News, in the first year of its
life, should "express" at its own cost—if it could;
while the four old-established morning journals should
divide the similar expenses among them all. We will
do our rivals the justice to admit, that they had
some right to expect success from a conspiracy like
this, since they could degrade themselves to employ
it: and we can well imagine that the recoil has
carried with it a conviction against the chance of any
future experiments, since this failed—and opened to
them far other views of a remote but sure future. For
ourselves, besides the fresh testimony which we have
obtained from the public that we are understood—we
have got rid of a help which, in every sense, encam-
bered. Whilst associated with others, our best fortune
was bat to be second :—left to ourselves and our own
unaided exertions, we have been first over and over
again ; and have, as a concluding triumph, at length--
or, rather, thus early, we should say—succeeded in
anticipating our rivals in the India news!—succeeded
in defiance of their combined energies and common
per!
What, then, is the secret of a enemas like this,—
which has no precedent in the history of the news-
paper ? Why is it that that which has taken our
rivals so completely by surprise is no surprise
to us at all ? How is it that we stand here,
on the first anniversary of our birth, counting
circulation against one only of the papers which have
occupied the same ground for so many years,—and
owning a strength and organisation that have enabled
us to beat, in important matters, the sum of them all ?
As we hare said, there is not a shadow of miraele.in

the matter. We have done nothing bat what we fore-
saw we could do,—and are journalists only because
we foresaw we could do it. That which we have
performed is that only which we came with
purpose to perform : and on this day of an-
niversary and congratulation, we ask our
readers to remember that from the first we
told them so. The reason is—because, though we
are young, the want which we came to supply is old.
The age and body of the time " had taken " a form
and pressure," of which the Daily News is the matured
expression. The place was vacant that we undertook
to fill--the demand urgent which we offered to
supply. The Newspaper, which is too apt to think
itself an independent power, is, after all, but a power-
ful delegation. Its readers are its constituents; and
it reflects their views and feelings, or ceases to be
their organ. In itself the journal has no strength—
as will be found out, to their cost, by those who have
too long resisted the just demands, or fallen behind
the growing intelligence, of the world which it
addresses. We knew well that if we met these—and
could convince our public that we did so—that public
could fix our majority just when it pleased. We are
as old as the older papers, because we have the same
s•news—and younger, because we associate with the
wants and circumstances of the younger day. In a
won, we are old enough, on this our first "birth-
day." Our object shall be to grow no older than we
are,—though we hope to see more anniversaries than
the oldest of our rivals can count.

An anniversary day is a day of retrospect—and
that has been pleasant : it is, too, a day of promises
—and they shall be confident. We have, now, a
justified faith in our public, and our public in us;
and that which we hive hitherto done in the way
of early intelligence—as well as all else which
I they have approved—we will do again. Much,
I however, remains to do, which as yet we have neither
done, nor attempted, nor had time to attempt. In
these respects, added months will befriend us. The
solitary position in which we were lately left
compelled us, as the most pressing matter, to turn all
our thoughts for a time to the establishment and ar-
rangement of our foreign correspondence. Now, we
shall have leisure and quiet to look more at home,—and
complete that system of revision and classification by
which we propose finally to convey to our readers all
that they may need, or desire, to know respecting the
topics of the day in the way most pleasant to themselves
and conservative of their time. The anniverary day is a
day likewise of gifts—and a gift we crave of the
public. Let them give us, if that be necessary, an
increase of faith in our motives, apprehension of our
objects, and confidence in our zeal ; and the Daily
Neirs will year by year be more and more of a GREAT
POWER—that is, grow more and more into a visible
Form of that power which is THEIR OWN.

NOTICE OF MOTION (FOR TIIE ENSUING SESSION.)
—The Disks of Wellington to move—from the top of the
arch at Hyde-park-corner.—Punch,
THE FARCE OF OUT FAWKES.-011 Tuesday
morning, at 11 o'clock, Sir Augustus Clifford. Mr. Putman,
and Capt. Kincaid, with a party of Yeomen of her Majesty's
Iloly Guard, made the usual search in the vaults beneath
the House of Lords, preparatory to the opening of par-
liameut.

DFLUNAGE ACT.—The following applications for
loans, under this act, appear in the London Gazette of last
night :
Nome of Applicant. Parith. County. Amount.
The 10ev. w. It. Markham Wt.tmoreand £4so 0 0
Gerard skilrin St. thinald . ham 3,319 9 0
&Moulin Bullock Netball ....Northumberland. 4,400 0 0
OPERATIONS WITHOUT PAlN.—Sir,—Thu exact
qualities of vapour of ether, and the precise modes in which
it acts on the nervous system, require much investigation.
Every day now produces new cases in which surgical opera-
tions arc performed, under its influence, without pain to the
patient ; but it is not invariably suttee-ful. This day, at the
Ophthalmic Hospital, Mr. C. Guthrie completed the serious
operation of lithotomy, the patient declaring after it seal
over that he had not telt the knife. Many other ears are
given in the local papers ; but it appears that the eth, r does
not equally uifect all CAM'S. In one instance reported in London
the patient, a woman. was a longtime before iusemi bility could
he induced. It was known that she was a gia•drinker. On
Saturday last ether was tried upon a miner whose log re-
quired amputation in consequence of an accident. The pa-
tient inhaled the ether for twenty-three minutes, and for the
lest ten minutes the strength of vapour wan increased by the
application of heat, yet no stupefaction, nor even partial in-
sensibility, ensued. The operating surgeons, who had been
successful in previous cases, accounted for the fact by the
habits of the man, whohad been a great smoker and drinker,
and bad thus i.npaired the sus:eptibility of the nervous
system to narcotic or other analogous influences. At the
Westminster Medical Society on S..turday mast, Dr. Snow
said that an important point with re-pert to the vapour of
ether was the great effect of temperature on its relations to
the atmosphere. An increase of only thirty degrees in the
temperature of atmospheric air causes it to take up just
twice the quantity of ether ! Another of its qualities should
deter ignorant persons from tampering with it. The vapour
is highly inflammable, and if used by candlelight
great risk of explosion would he incurred. Its
weight would induce its accumulation near the floor,
and the application of flame would le id to moat
dangerous consequences. Some French surgeons have even
contemplated the possibility of a case in which the com-
bustion induced by ignorance might extend to that portion
of the vapour of ether contained in the lungs of the
patient. This is, however, very unlikely. Indeed, from
some experiments made in London, it would seem that the
expired vapoor is not inflammable. The dangers, however, ,
arc too many to justify the employment of the vapour by I
uninformed persons, and are sufficient to require the careful
investigation of the scientific surgeon.—M.R.C.S.
EMIGRATION ; THE COLONIES; THE FISHERIES.—
Sir,—The colonies, and their friends and advocates at home,
owe you a debt of gratitude for the consideration you hese
given them. Colonial subjects are rarely taken up with that
interest their value and importance demand.. As regards
the ob,ervations in your paper of the 14th inst., suggesting
that the waste lands in the colonies should be applied to re-
lieve the present Irish distress, by an allocation of them in
their favour, permit me to make a few brief remarks on the
general feasibility and advantage of such a plan. The object
of an allocation, or grant of crown lands in the various colo-
nies, is to relieve the mother country of some of the over-
pressing population, enlarge her dependencies, call forth her
resources, and create trade and commerce. The mere con-
cession of a grant of land, however, in the present case would
be of little avail, unless means were likewise placed at the
command of those for the benefit of whom the grant would
be made. To make a mere grant of land, then, on the pre-
sent occasion, under the impression that such would
relieve the distress which unhappily prevails through-
out this empire to an unheard-of extent, without
at the same time accompanying it with means, so that it
might lie available to the distressed and unemployed, would
be mere mockery. The most available means of improving
the destitute state of our unemployed population, appears
in my humble judgment to be, by promoting the emigra-
tion end permanent settlement in our several colonies of
small capitalists, and persons able to begin the world with a
fair chance, and by extending and encouraging, as far as
practicable, those branches of the national industry that
particularly belong to us, and that would increase our
wealth. Small capitalists here hang little or no chance of
succeeding ; they are completely cut out by the larger
capitalists; everything is taken out of their hands, and the
chances are against their succeeding. But in the colonies
there are numerous openings for the profitable and safe
investment of capital and labour, without much competi-
tion, and with the certainty of realising handsome
returns, under ordinary prudence and perseverance.
The colonies do not so much want paupers,
who could merely bring their labour, as persons
possessed of some resources, however small : to these latter
they hold out the greatest inducements—and they are a class
of settler that would shortly create a steady and increasing
demand for labour. Hence it is more particularly in favour
of this clam of persons that a grant of land throughout the
colonies should more especially be made,—that every induce-
ment should be held out to them to invest their capital and
enterprise where they had a chance of turning such not only
to theirown advantage, but also to that of the mothercountry.
A grant of some 500 acres of land in the different colonies
might very advantageously be made, under certain regola-
lions (with regard to the number of free labourers to be
taken out) to persons who could forthwith cultivate it.
The settlement of a class like this would create trade
andcommerce rapidly and extensively, by more immediately
bringing forth the resources of the colonies ; and they would
more certainly create a demand for labour afterwards.
Labour only will not create a market • it must be accompa-
nied by capital, without which it will accomplish nothing
that will tell immediately (which is what is wanted). But,
besides directing the capital and enterprise of the small class
of capitalists to the profitable and certain fields open to them
throughout the British colonies, the government might do
a great deal to relieve the distress at present ravaging a
large part of our country, by promoting and extending the
fisheries. This field of national wealth alone is susceptible
of an almost indefinite extension, and, consequently, of the
employment of a very large number of additional
persons. Not only is there plenty of room for
additional enterprise in the fisheries off our coasts
(especially off those of Irelend itself), but those of
all our colonies may be prosecuted with advantage
to a very considerably increased extent. Those of
British North America afford scope for hundreds, while
those of the South Pacific colonies are hardly ever entered
upon. In the fisheries alone we have a field which might
be turned to the greatest advantage possible, and the encou-
ragement of them secure for us an efficient clam of seamen
immediately serviceable in case of need. Thus, sir, bypro-
meting the emigration of small capitalists to our extensively
diversified colonies on the one hand, and encouraging and
extending oar national resources on the other, much may be
, done to relieve the present distress—a distress which will i
recur again and again unless whatever is attempted be with
' a view to permanently remove it, Coto( T. CAMPBELL.
A TWOPENNY COINAGE SUGGESTED. Sir,-1
take the liberty to suggest, through the medium of the
Express, the great convenience the omnibus-riding public
i would enjoy in the circulation of some twopenny coin, now
that so many avail themselves of a ride in an omnibus to
that amount. —PRO BoNo PUBLIC() ET MEO.—Jan,S.

IRELAND.
IMPROVED FISHERIES.

Sir,—We haieseeithsTe; boat tercatching fish by net,
when ready fur sea with her nets on board, and harrele, salt,
and rnatenal fur curing or conveying to market her fish,
ready upon the beach, represents a capital of about' .10/.,
and this capital gives employment to the crew of five fisher-
men, only for six or eight weeks. This boat is laid up for
the rest of the year. The long line and hand-line fishing
occupies the crew the rest of the year. Two lung lines, of
from 800 to 1 200 hooks each, are the smallest stuck a boat
can do with, one line being at home, and being baited, and
laid ready in the baskets, by the women, while the other Is
out in the sea. At each end the line is anchored, and a large
buoy with a little vane on it, indicates the place.
Each line will extend from a mile to a mile-and-a-half, and
with buoy., ropes, anchnrs, baskets, &c., will cost, ready f r
sea, from Si. to 12!. This is not the only expense. "Bait
must either be bought, or fished for. It costa either money,
or time; and as it must be fresh (stale blit catching no ash),
it requires a constant outlay. Mussels and huskies, or the
large white whtlk, are the usual bait. Mussels and limpet,
may be gathered at ebb tile, among the rocks, in small
quantities, but the regular supply must come from musselbanke, which, like oyster beds, are private property in many
parts. Buskies, or whales, are a better bait, because tougher,
and remaining longer on the hook than the mussel. They
are fished for by long lines, on which, at short intervals, a
hit of carrion, of ilea horse, or dog, is fas ened ; and the
line laid along the bottom. These shell-fish have more loco-
motive power and sense of set II than is general ly su pposs for
they travel along the bottom and attach theinnlees to the
carrion in great number, and adhere by suction unirl taken
on board. The long line is carried from home, baited, the
coil of line in one basket, and the baited hooks and their
ties in another, at the side of it; and on reaching the fishing
ground two men row the boat, and two throw out the line
clear of ravel or twist. If the weather be clear, so that bear-
ioge on the land can be distinctly taken, and there is no
strong current on the coast, or appearance of a gale, it is not
unusual to leave the long line all night, and return to ie by
the bearings and draw it next day, taking out another fresh
baited line to replace it.
Many good people, in the simplicity of their benevolence,
imagine that on a sea coast abounding with fish, a starving
population need only hooks and lines, and boats, providsd by
government funds, or by some joint stock society, to find
employment and od for themselves and others. They will
be startled to learn that to fit out five men to er.rn a living
from the sea, requires a greater capital than to fit out the
name five men to earn a living from the land ; that to stock
five cotter farms, allowing a cow to each, two poneys among
them, reed, and necessary utensils, and arable land enough
to allow them a fair subsistence, and to pay a fair rent,
would actually cost less money, and with infinitely less risk
of a total or great partial loss of capital, time, and labour, and
with touch lees deterioration of the habits of the population.
It will be seen, from the above sketch, that lees than 00?. a
man could not be reckoned for a fisherman's outfit,
and 501 would set up a small farm, if the rent were fair. It
is to he remembered, too, that fishing is a lottery to the
individuals, and with all the demo.slising effects of &lottery.
Success does not, an in farming, always follow perseverit g
industry. The prize of a full fishing often falls to the indo-
lent and thriftless. The hardship, exposure, and night-work
also tempt to, and almost excuse, the most pernicious
of all kinds of drinking—not drunkenness, hut dram-
drinking. Will any man who has tried, or
watched the pro.grera of a fishing deny these facts?
There is no country, unless it may be in the South Sea
Islands or in Greenland, where a population fishes nobly for
its own food. A little consideration of the facts above nutted
shows that no population, class, fancily, or even iudividual,
could subsist ay fisaing for food without reference to Killing
fish. The capital invested in boat, nets, lines, bait,—a
capital much larger, more perishable, and more exposed to
destruction, than that required in tlmost any mechanical
trade,—must be reproduced, or he starves, precisely as if it
were capital invested in yarns and looms. Now, where in
Ireland is the population, behind a clam of fishermen,
to buy the fish at a price that would replace the ne-
cessary cost of catching them? The Ichtbiophagi them-
selves mast have been ebb to sell fish enough to
buy boats, nets, lines, hooka and bait to replace what they
expended in catching them. It is evident, therefore, that
not only are bats, nets, lines, &c., at well an skill and ex-
perience, necessary to the existence of a fishing population,
but a great population around willing to consume fish, and
able to pay for them at a price which will replace capital,
repay tisk, and leave a civilised subsistence to the class of
fishermen. The proportion of a population which, under
the most favourable circumstance,, can subsist by fishing, is
probably much smaller than some suppose. In the absence of
statistical data, it may be assumed that in the British domi-
nions no more favourable coast for fishing con be found
than from the mouth of the Tweed to the mouth of the Tay.
The fishing grounds at the mouths of the Firths of Forth
and Tay abound in fish, are accessible in almost all
weather; the fishermen of Berwick, I)unbar, Muswelburgh,
Newhaven, and of all the little fishing towns and villages on
the coast of Fife, are the most expert, the hest fitted out, and
the most successful in Scotland, and behind them there is a vast
population engaged in coal-works, iron-works, and all kind.
of manufacture, as well as in agriculture, and many popu-
lous towns, and two large cities, Edinburgh and Dundee,
affordina a market for all they an catch. Yet, the whole
population of fishermen employed in supplying the
vast population, probably exceeding half-a-uullion of
ready customers within this circuit, cannot be esti-
mated at more than 4,500, and the great majority
of them depend for the main part of their yearly
earning,' and income upon the herring fishery' at Week, or
elsewhere, upon a foreign, not a home consumption of what
their capital, time, and labour produce.
These observatior.s are not thrown out to discourage bene-
volence, but to prevent its being ignorantly or injudiciously
expended. Fhibery, like every other branch of industry, can
only grow with the growth of the stem en which it is en-
grafted. No hot-house encouragement of bounties, gratis
outfit of boats, loans, and government regulations, had any
success in Scotland. The fishery only begun to thrive when
old George Rose and his quackery of fostering the
fishery, were dead and forgotten, and the free-trade principle
of letting industry and capital find their own emploYments,
began to prevail. It will be the Fame in Ireland. Without
a class of consumers to buy fish at remunerntive prices, with-
out industry, skill, and economy in the habits of the people,
the Irish fisheries will prove a failure, discouragement, and
reproach ; they will be undersold in the only kind of fish
(cured herrings) which finds an extensive and ready market
in Ireland, by the more skilful and economical fishermen of
Scotland; and thin failure, discouragement, and reproach will
he thrown upon the Irish people, when in reality the fault
lies with those who by bounties, loans, and premiums, try
to force production beyond remunerative consumption, and
to give a sickly temporary existence to a branch of industry
which like all others can only live by legitimate rtelural
demand, and not by forced supply. 0

SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH, JAN. 19.

The influx of destitute Irish into Scotland is taking
place on a scale so large as to demand immediate
attention. At the last census of 1841 there were
living in Scotland 126,321 natives of Ireland, being
about five per cent. of the whole population, whilst
the numbers of native Irish resident in England at
the same period amounted only to two per cent, of
the gross inhabitants. How the tide has continned
to flow since may be gathered from the statement of
the Glasgow Argus, given on good authority, that
within the last month from 700 to 800 Irish paupers
have arrived in that city, and at the present moment
are famishing and dying in its garrets and closes.
Although not subjected to such a large income of
misery as Glasgow, Edinburgh has also its share of
these ill-fated creatures, notwithstanding the efforts
of the parochial authorities in both places to stem the
torrent.

.....
Glasgow is to attempt a daily newspaper, to be en-
titled the Glasgow Daily Press. The first newspaper
published in Scotland was a daily print. It was
called A Diurnal of some Passages and Affairs ; was
originally printed in London, and reprinted in Leith,
in 16.52. Since then the greatest feats in Scottish
journalism have been thrice a-week papers. The Dis-
senters in Glasgow are also to start a newspaper, to
be published weekly, and to be called the Glasgow
Times.

RErnr.sx,rravtotr or Otasoow.—The Glasgow Argus
contradicts, on '' authority," a rumour that Mr. Lumsden,
the late provost, is to be &candidate at the next election. All
weirc appear to concur that in the event of a vacancy, Mr.
M'Gregor, of the Board of Trade, would stand.
TRADE IN KILMARNOCK. is brightening. Mousseline-de-
laine dresses and shawls with light patterns, for the spring
trade, arc most in demand; and few workmen are out of
work. Carpets, bonnets, and shoes are not greatly in re-
quest; but few are idle in these branches.—Kilmarnock
Journal..
STRONG Facre IN FAVOUR OP INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.
—The rural police committee of Aberdeenshire report that a
few years ago the number of juvenile vagrant@ which infested
the county of Aberdeen was between 300 and 400. In 1845
their number had been diminished to 10.5, and in 1b46 to 14.
This diminution is attributed to the operation of industrial
schools.