The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-21 00:00:00

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1114i61 WATI:11, AT LONDON URIIXIX
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L►►ND►►►J, 7T EsDAY. O('TuRA•R 21.

THE Suffolk farmers have at hut come to their
vetoes. Lord IteNtil.tinllSl and Mr.
I. thew representatives. notwithstanding. They
haw firmed a relief aiwociati ~, of their own; they
hate pydnde,l the equines, and kept out the parsons;
they have sunk party politics. and abjured the aid of
itinerant orators; they have resolved to think, and
act. and ',peak for themselves; 'and very rationally
and sensibly they do think, and net, and speak.
There is hope mid heart, and life and prosperity,
about such men se. met for the twerind time at Bury
St. Edmunds on Wednesday to take counsel of each
other, to rely on theinselves•for safety, and to con-
duct their own cause.
Whilst Mr. Hisao:Yr was indulging his Ruckus
daps with a new •• Itevolutiunary Epic, these plain
men were devising a very common sense aelienie of
tactics; whilst he was proposing to reduce all classes
to the state u,! the motikies in the Zoologiealtiardens,
Mine of whom are content with their own dish, but
all of alum insist on toting out of each other's pans,
they were taking a calm, plain, practical and preen-
cabpr survey of accessible remedies ; whilst
he was broaching his new theory of labour
creating land, and thereby destroying the old
theory of u hat farmers would very gladly dispense
with, nut, the Sulthlk farmers were far more use-
fully, if not so grandiloquently, discussing the malt
tax. tithes. the peer laws, county rates, and how to
manage their own affairs. What faith tan such men
as these base in the fanciful fustian of Mr. I/Naas:hi ;
how can they be said to be represented by the dense
dulness of Mr. Pilule Ilessur ? Whilst Mr. Ma-
u till is pirouetting in the clouds, they are investi-
gating the' re
causes of their distress here on the earth.
I Whilst Mr. ISENNUf is quaking about mortgages
and mortgagees, they arc thinking how to reduce
taxation.
1: first to last there was no nonsense uttered
at Bury St. Edmunds on Wednesday. Protection
was move mentioned; high prices were never spoken
of ; confidence in tory leaders was never expressed;
such balderdash as Mr. G. F. Youxti indulges in
was never resorted to. How to produce cheaply ?
That was the question in hand. The first element
in the cost of production is, of course, labour. But,
as the more labour the more produce, these
farmers kept clear of the folly of complaining
of its cost. We had no allegations that
the price of labour was eating up capital, that la-
bourers were too numerous, that the poor rates were
an unjust burthen. They went at once to what was
practical in the cost of production. The taxes are
too high; tithes are too high; county expenditure is
too high; the game laws are a pecuniary burthen on
us ; the law of distress acts prijudieumaly on our
interests—these were the points they bore down on,
with as much visaeity and plain speaking as
if they had been reared in radicalism from
their youth upwards. Manchester could not have
treated the subject better, nor Liverpool analysed
it more successfully in one of its financial
tracts. These men know what they are about; they
are finding their feet; all that they want is a little
organisation, and much better representation. Every
speuker amongst theta is worth a wilderness of such
incites now sit for counties in parliament.
And organisation is easy enough. This Relief
Association has only been three months in existence;
yet already it has held two public meetings; there is
no lack, said the Secretary, of subscriptions; and, I
better still, they can count on 4110 county votes in
support of their principles. Let them only go on in
the same way; and with a new Reform Bill
the farmers of Suffolk will, at the next election,
have the squires at their feet. Whilst with an Si.,
or even a 121. county franchise, halt' the counties in
England will send farmers to the House of Com-
mons. The South Notts election has not been un-
profitable.
What thisassoeiation ought to do,isto examine and
fix clearly the nature of their grievances and their
demands, and then see whether those who represent
the industrious classes in trade might not come to an
untkratunding with the industrious classes who live
by cultivating the land. If the property of the
country could be induced to take a fair share of the
taxation, such as it ought especially in a country
where the last generation bequeathed to the
present a swinging debt, the local as well as ge-
neral burdens might be lightened to the farmer
and the tradesman. The free traders arc desirous
that land—that is, rent—should pay a fair propor-
tion to the state of that wealth which Heaven, not
its own exertions, annually gives it. But free traders
have no desire and no interest to make the farmer's
I life a hard one, or his burdens greater than is con-
sistent with his prosperity.
One of the tint steps is to reduce expenditure, of
which there is no chance in a parliament elected
under the present law of suffrage. The key to the
campaign that must hereafter be fought on taxation
is a greatly enlarged constituency, and what is
nearly as important, a properly distributed consti-
tuency. Now these points are so paramount, that
no reliance can or ought to he placed on an ailininis-
tr,ition which defends the present excessive expen-
diture, which rigidly excludes from the councils of
' the Ores::4 the popular element and popular men,
and which, whilst avowedly preparing a new reform
bill, summons to its aid a brace of lordlings. On
such a cabinet no reformer can rely ; and we rejoice
to see that, amongst reformers, there is no intention
of relying on it.
A conference of reformers on the question has to
be held at Manchester. Thither, then, let the Suf-
folk farmers send representatives. They will be
welcomed, and, what is much more, they will, after
a little explanation, be surprised to find-how identi-
cal with their wishes are the plans of those whom it
has been the policy of their parliamentary leaders to
keep them separated from. Between Sir. BRIGHT
and Mr. Jortssrox, the chairman of the Bury St.
Fahnunds meeting, there are no essential and-very
few minor differences of opinion, judging from the
latter gentleman's excellent speech; and not a word
fel on `Wednesday from Mr. 110e6ftros which Mr.
MILNER GIBsON might not have delivered.
What, then, should separate men whose objects
and feelings, whose wants and wishes, are so nearly
identical? Who is foremost in demanding for farmers
the repeal of the game laws, but Mr. BRAGIIT ? Who
labours to give the farmers power over county
expenditure but Mr. MILNER GIBSON ? What,
then, should keep Suffolk and Manchester at a
distance from each other ? Suffolk can have no
hope of accomplishing a reduction of taxation,
of abolishing church rates, of revising the poor law,
of procuring a tenant right, of getting rid of the law
of distress, of accomplishing church reform, except
by the more titan cordial assistance—except by means
of Manchester and the other great towns. I'oliti-
eally the true interests of the farmers are as insepa-
rably connected with the seats of our great manufac-
tures as they are commercially and economically.
Now, then, is the time to acknowledge and displa
this connexion—to unite in procuring a thorough
reform in the representation; for that secured, all
the Suffolk farmers want will follow.
Mr. JOHNSTON boasted of the disposition of ba-
t ern it y that animated the Suffolk farmers.
were ready to co-operate and work with men 312
or any opinions who had the same object. Be it so.
He has now an opportunity of putting his boast into
practice. He and his friends have only to go to
Manchester to the conference, and there a union may
be formed that will prove irresistible alike to whig
and tory cabinets.

tose. at„..i the !fake of WEl.l.tricyow deelart.d that
England could not have a little war. Time has
snide good this oracular declaration to an extent
that ha. probably sirprisal the v, term chief him-
self. 11w latest new. from the Cape prove that even
with an inVOlV•ii,h-r.tble tribe of savages England can-
not have a little war.
The Kattir tribes with whom Sir titans Stunt
contrived by his mountebank ms-ro of the undo-
dramatic tactics of Sir (ii S amen to involve
us in hostilities. ate u bree and naturally SagaVIOUS
rare. and 11111.1bli a remarkably •t rug isaintry. I
Still they have made but trifling progress ,
civilisation. They are at this moment in the ;
condition in which barlerous tribes are weakest ;
having learned enough from civilised nun to I.4yome
symical as to the truth of their inherited supersti-
tions. and tie value of their inherit's! military train-
ing. without having hem brought to comprehend
more enlightemal religion and morals. or to master
the tactics and allies of their more advance' neigh-
Nair". Again. their country. though strong. is of
limited extent. In our last quarrel with the Kattirs
everything was in favour of the British (.4.m-
-m:oilier. 'three previous wars, and the spread of
missionary efforts anumg them. had rendered a
know'. dge 4.f their m enliarities and immediate
movenwnts easily attainable. Unequivocal symp-
toms of their discontent had been mani-
fested for a considerable time, and the CMS- of
that discontent was palixible. Yet Sir MARY
Mimi contrived to allow himself to be taken by
surprise. Ile nest allowed his adversaries to compel
him to give them what in chess would be called
fonl's mate." It is now closely bordering on a year
since hostilities commenced, and according to the
latest slice's the war has been carried not always
unsure...fully /CPAS the colonial frontier; disturla
ante. are spreading beyond the original theatre of
war to the west and to the north ; the colonists
are becoming discontented; the wild tribes of the
interior are rousing themselves to plunder; con-
fusion is growing worse confounded. For six
months after hi. narrow escape from being captured
or killed by the Kaffir forces at the first out-
break of the war, Sir HARRY Muni was cooped up
in King William's Town, and at the end of that
period, seeing Imatilitits unabated and extending
their range, he writer home fur a reinforcement of
10,1•10 men.
Let no man deceive himself as to the extent of the
danger which threatens us in South Africa. We
are menaced with the alternative of the lons of our
settlements there', or Or a protracted, expensive, ex-
terminating war against the native tribes, and, it
may be, the emigrant boos. The state of alfuiro
there is like, and yet most unlike, to that of
the thirteen North American provinces in 17G4i. In
South Africa now, a. in Anwniea then, the (silo-
nists have been irritate' by attempts at despotic
government by the agents id' the mother country ;
disgusted by supercilious disregard of their feelings
and undervaluing of their abilitiesor common sense;
and bought to distneet the ability. of the autho-
rities to protect them by repeated displays of official ;
incapacity. SO far the parallel holds good. But in
America these thoughts and feelings, which led to
the PellUrlt Or the American colonies from the
parent state, were not hrought into full play until
the destruction of the French power on that condi-
tient had fused the whole population of European
-origin of the. British provinces into one homogow-
num muss, and until the plantations had
made such progress in population, in the
development of their natural resources, and in
social organisation, as enabled them to bid •
defame to the utmost efforts of the aborigines. In
South Africa, on the contrary, except within the
('ape colony, the European's are a few scattered
units among a numerous and yet unbroken aborigines;
the emigrants outside of thew regions within which
British sovereignty has been proclaimed are avow-
edly hostile to Whisk domination, rand they are in-
timately commie! by birth and intermarriage with
a large proportion of the residents within the colony.
Disaffection has spread widely too among those
native halts which have adopted European civi-
lisation, and which have hitherto been upproved
a loyal and efficient police within the colony, and a
reliable auxiliary force fur frontier defence.
Matters have, therefore, been brought to this pass
is South Africa. Nothing short of an entire change
of policy, and of the tone and temper habitually in-
dulged in while dealing with that country can pre-
serve its connexion with England. Even with this
change the re-establishment of peace and order, and
mutual confidence and attachment, seems unattain-
able but by protracted ediwts and no inconsiderable
expenditure. While on the other hand the re-
linquishment of the settlements by Great Britain
would not leave, as iu the case of America,
a powerful, organised, and disciplined com-
munity, fully adequate to the task of preserving its
own internal order and repelling aggression from
without, but (except in the districts immediately ad-
joining Cope Town), struggling settlements, yet in
their infancy, surrounded by hostile and marauding
hordes. and liable at any moment to see the scarce
kindled sparks of civilisation quenched in blood.
Nor may it he forgotten that during the century
which has elapsed since. the American troubles began
•

an immense revolution has been effmted in the F'en-
timents and sotial political relations of the mother
country. At the commencement of the Ame-
rican war of independence a boroughmongering
aristocracy were iu secure and undisturbed possession
of irresponsible administrative power. The virtually
disfranchised people, too, were animated by the pre-
judices of that aristocracy. The war against the
Americans was popular in this country, until repeated
defeats rendered it disgraceful, and its expense be-
come intolerable. Now, however, there is a popular
power, before which, defective though our repre-
sentative institutions are, the holders of office have
been habitually taught to quail. The body which
exercises this controlling power sympathises with
the aspirations of the colonists after constitu-
tional government ; it is discontented with
the existing load and pressure of taxation,
and consequently disinclined to incur any addition to
it; and it has shown a strong inclination to listen
to popular teachers who inculcate the sin of all war-
fare, and cast doubts on the value of colonial posses-
sions. The ministers of GEORGE 111. had (at the
outset) only to hurl against the Americans the
might of England, placed mplicitly at their disposal;
the minister, of VICTORIA must, before they can pro-
mod to deal with South Africa, win the confidence
mail adhesion of a democracy nut much disposed to
plan inelionce on them.
Tat to relinquish South Africa to a premature in-
eponiimer' with all its attendant train of evils—
ainoreity end desultory inveterate wars between
and African, Hottentot and Kaffir, Dutch
cad ish—would be attended with great loss and '
immeakable disgrace to England. flow such an
Inffnifiating cousummation is to be avoided cannot be
emplainned in one article, nor, indeed, without more
precise and extensive information of the actual state
of affairs at the southern extremity of the African
continent, than has yet reached this country. Two
things are however sufficiently obvious.
la the first place the restoration of tranquillity to
Ilea& Africa, cannot be looked for at the hands
d the governor, who is unfortunate enough to
sentasse, in his own person, the characters and
of the Governor lit.-rcuissom and the
Bassos[, of that region. In the second
piass, the feelings and public opinion of the colony
sad the younger settlements must no longer be set at
dame and wantonly irritated by the home autho-
rities as they were in the first unadvised despatch
ei salvias to the Cape, and the peevish tune of all
all impatelms subsequent to that blunder; or as
they hew boss cad still are in the cold and superci-
lious treatment which the colonial delegates —Sir
Mums Srommsratiu and Mr. Faaseits—have
supstieuesd in this country.

TIIE LETIAITIAN 110 &FLAMER OF THE PENTN-
SCIAIt AND ORIENTAL Comeattu.—The keel of the first
of these enormous veletas was lakl • few slays since in
Messrs. Mare and Co.'s Wan yard at B/sekwall, and is
perhaps the longest and lialrint bar of iron ever forged,
being about 320 feet so laftstN and weighs upwards of a
hundredweight to the fort. TM massive iron framework
is in a forward state, and will 111111 a he put up, when the
outline of the vessel will be &sum She will be something
over 3,000 tons builders' isemsruntent. The engines will

be direct acting, with fear cecillatiag eyliadees, each 83.1
inches in diameter with • stroke of 1 feet, placed at an
angle, so that each pair of cylinders mill be attached to
each paddk.whcel, the whole basis, an aggregate of
1,200-horse power. Her customised speed is Li) knots
(equal So 18 statute miles) per hear, at which rate she
would steam from Southampton to Alexandria (3,000
miles) in eight days and two hours. Her cost, when com-
pleted for service, is estimated at not len than 130.0001.
STEAM NATIOATION.—After the 31st of March
neat no steam vessel is to proceed to sea, or to steam upon
the rivers of the United Kingdom, without having a safety.
valve upon each boiler free from the care of the engineer,
and out of his control and interference, and such safety-
valve is to be deemed to be a necessary part of the ma-
chinery, upon which the engineer surveyor is to report to
the Board of Trade. This new regulation is ordered by
the 21st section of the act 14 and Viet, cap. 79.
BRADFORD ELECTION.—This elofltion has now been
axed to take place this dm (Tuesday). Robert Milligan,
Esq., is still the only candidate in the field, :sad there is no
prospect whatever of an opposition to his return.

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 21, 1851.

FRANCE.

By the latest accounts from Paris there is a pro-
batility of a Bißaulk ministry being funned.
. Our correspondent writes:
PARIS, Morose EVENIMO.
I must request you to put no faith in what the
newspapien say to-day as to the definitive rupture of
the negotiations with M. Ili!fault for the formation
of a cabinet. 1 am assured, on the best authority,
that be went to St. Cloud to-day at two, and had a
fresh conference with the President; and that the
result of this is such as to lead to the hope of M.
Billault's acceptance of the mission proposed to him,
and undertaking the formation of a cabinet.
The Mon deur do Soir gives the following as a
probable list :—M. Billault, Foreign Affairs; General
Bourjollv, War; M. Pcauger, Interior; Renoit
Fould, Pinancee : Paul S;2guin, l'ublic Works; La-
vallie, Commerce; ltoyer, Justice; Admiral Pane-
cal, Marine; and M. Gimud,l'ublic Instruction.
Yesterday in the Committee of Permanence Gen.
Bedew' read some police reports, from which it ap-
peared that the 6th Regiment of the line arrived
from Metz in Paris the same morning,under the com-
mand of the Colonel, Garderens de Boisse' who has
distinguished himself lately by a bombastic Bona-
partist order of the day, and was received by a mob of
Decembrists with cheers of " Vice le colonel !"

::;/ive lc sixieme do ligne!" at the barrier and at
the Ecole Militairc. But this attempt to provoke a
demonstration found no echo in the population. The
committee, after several members freshly arrived
from the country had described the feeling of dis-
couragement produced among the sound part of the
population, adjourned. Neither M. Berrycr nor M.
Lupin were present
Matters look very serious to-day. Yesterday I
announced to you that the party of order seemed on
the point of giving way. In fact, it seemed to be
agreed on all hands that as there was no chance of
the law of May being respected by the disfranchised
electors,or of obedience to its provisions being enforced
by the executive power, to resist the abrogation of
the law would be fruitless for all practical purposes,
and provoke a conflict in which the socialists might
triumph. The opinion which I expressed as to the
weakness of this policy, which only put off the direct
collision with the President, to meet him later at a
disadvantage, seems to have been entertained by
some of the leading members of the Committee of
Permanence, and in particular by General Changar-
nicr himself. It is said also that M. Thiers takes
this view, a circumstance the more probable as the
organ expressing his views, the Ordre, contains an
article of the most decided cast in this sense. The
great importance of the attitude taken by parties on
this subject induces me to quote the principal pas-
sages, which are as follows :

CANADA.

Our correspondent writes as follows:
TORONTO, OCT. 4.
The resignations of the Canadian ministry were
not sent in en moue, but Mr. !hocks, the inspeetor-generul,
and Mr. Morris, the po:tmaster general, scot their resigna-
tions; and this mode such a rupture of the ministry, at to
make the resignation of the whole a matter of necessity.
The object of these resignations, or at least that of Mr.
Menlo, is to cause on early appeal to the people for the
purpose of earring out some cumhiaations with the " clear
grits," or old ',hints party. Differences of opinion of a
vital nature have long existed betw,en Mr. plinks and Mr.
Lafontaine, the leader of the French Canadians.
The chief point of division is the clergy reserves. Mr.
Hineks is in favour of the secularisation of these, while Mr.

If we had to give an opinion, we should recommend to the
majoritylto reject in the first place, by a unanimous vote, the
audacious summons made to it, in the name of M. Louis
Bonaparte, to abolish the law which it passed in concert
with the President himself, and immediately after his re-
fusal to vote a proposition to amend nal strengthen that
law, but not to destroy it. We are well aware that the
socialist democrats are all ready to exclaim that the law of
May 31, even when profoundly modified, cannot be carried
into execution from the moment when the l'resident of the
Republic, whatever impulse he has obeyed, declar,d himself
its uncompromising adversary. We will reply.that when the
imperfections or the anomalies which have raised the loudest
objections shall have disippeartsl; when the Assembly shall
thus bare given a proof of its conciliatoryjspitit, it will de-
pond on its being in the plenitude of its right to secure the
execution of the electoral law. To do that it will be only
necessary to act with vigour and with unanimity. Even
should it not, according to the predictions of M. -Emile de'
Girardin, have to reckon on the active co-operation of the
l'resident of the Republic, it would still have the power of
making its decrees respected, for it will only find in face of
it factions and divided enemies.

Lafontaine hold. the converse creed.
The Grand Provincial Agricultural Exhibition has just
been held in Brockville. About 12,000 visitors from dif-
ferent parts of the province and the United States were pre-
sent. The show of cattle and horses was not quite so large
as usual, but the grains were very superior, and have never
been surpassed. Much beer specimens of wheat were
shown than those scut to London at the Industrial
Exhibition. Our wheat crops were never finer. The
show of butter and cheese was very good ; as was also that
of agricultural implements. These, I was informed by an
English gentleman and a member of several agricultural
societies in England, tar exceeded those in use in the mother
country.
There is a general fecliug throughout the province of
good-will towards the people of Boston for the late fete
given to Canadians. 1 his is certainly much better than
the little feuds that formerly existed. And certainly a not
greater change, but still a great one, is the favourable re-
ception of Lord Elgin by the people of Montreal. This
shows a more healthy state of feeling.
In commercial transactions there is not much to report,
further than that the price of wheat is low. It may be quoted
fur 3s. to 3s. lid.

After noticing the disagreements between the
Presse and the National, the Sieele and Pays, and
the discord in the camp of the socialists, the Ordre
concludes:

These symptoms, in our opinion, do not announce that
the enemies of the law of May 31 will march to the accom-
plishment of their designs with a fOrmidable union. The
Assembly can only wish for what is just in itself and u,clul
fur the people ; but right, if it he firmly decided on defend-
ing it, will not perish iu its hands.
At this time of day the determination of the As-
sembly to pass any modifications of the law of 31st
May which will restrict the exercise of universal
suffrage, so as to exclude an important fraction of the
ten millions of electors inscribed on the lists of
March, 1849, would certainly lead to the most serious
results. It would be the boldest defiance, I might
add, the most vigorous counter-stroke to the new
policy of Louis Napoleon. It cannot be disputed that
such a course would be the most dignified and manly;
but it requires more than courage to be successful; it
requires a union which has never been seen in the
Assembly except against the socialists single-handed,
who are notoriously a weak party in the country,
still more than in the Chamber. It required no great
courage to pass the law of May 31. It was
known before the law was passed that there
would be no enicate. It was known that in the
capital an i'inerite would be instantaneously crushed.
Many think that to repeat in November what was
done in May would be equally safe. I confess I can-
not at all partake this opinion; and I feel the con-
viction that, to maintain restricted suffrage will now '
be a course attended with extreme danger. It will
in the first place force Louis Napoleon, for mere self-
preservation, into the democratic camp. It is hardly
possible for hint to have made the declaration of
the 14th of October with the mental reservation of
merely changing the restrictive law of May for
another restrictive law in November. His honour is
pledged to total abrogation, no less than his in-
Wrest. A few technical changes, a few slight modi-
fications
in the law which he has repudiated, wili
neither keep his promise to the nation, nor enable
them to renew his powers. He cannot, therefore,
swept anything less than a return to universal suf-
frage. If the Assembly pass an amended edition of,
the law of the 31st of May, they are by the constitu-
don
empowered to promulgate such a law, whether
the President ratify it or not. He can only challenge
a second deliberation. A law once promulated
by the Assembly without the President's
asswitiou, war is at once declared between the
powers. The constitution provides the Assembly
with all the legal means necessary for levying civil
war against the President. At such a moment will
it be passible for the President to repudiate the alli-
ance of the socialists. No longer would the parlia-
sent have to cope with either Bonapartism or BO-
eiliarn single-handed. The majority must make up
its mind for a serious campaign against both leagued.'
Ia such a struggle they count perhaps upon foreign
aid, upon Prussian and Russian bayonets. Austria
will have quite enough to do at home.
But the very fact of their counting upon such
aid tells with a vast majority of true Frenchmen
against their cause. No passage of the speech of
Michel de Bourges upon revision was more applauded
than that in which he stigmatised the allusion of
M. de Falloux to the displeasure of Itusais against
the republic. This is not a mere surmise to say that
the party of order count on Russia. Their organs avow
it. The Asocial& Nationale points to the arming
of the northern powers against the French republic.
The Orilre registers the King of Prussia's nod to
the lambs...he to hold themselves in readiness to bo
up in arms. Civil war—a civil war attended with
foreign intervention—civil war throughout Europe,
would in all probability be the upshot of the Assem-
bly passing a second law of restrictive suffrage in
November. For this reason I doubt very much if
many will have the hardihood and resolution
to look such fearful eventualities in the face. Besides,
the majority are too divided. Oranier de Cassavas
assures the public to-day, too, truly that no party of
order exists. In fact it was time that that old ay,
which had become a mere hollow echo, and a pre-
tence far combining to persecute, should die out, and
that the nation should no longer be duped into the
notion that society must be gagged and hand-cuffed
for the sake of ceder.
The Bourse was stationary.

The accounts of the health of the King of Hanover
are very unfavourable. The Duke of Cambridge had
been summoned to visit his Majesty. The Hano-
verian journals express great fears for the result of
the King's illness.

Tne BANDON RAILWAY.—A short time since we
announced that the dispute between the directors of this
line and the contractors was in a fair way of being ami-
cably arranged. We are happy now to be able to state that
all bas been settled, and that men are now at work on the
line, which will be delivered to the company in a fortnight
of three weeks.—Cork Reporter.