The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-17 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUI

.

higher and completer education of the legal practi-
tioner, whatever his rank in the tables of legal proce-
dure: This is a necessity alike with barrister and
solicitor. That men's eyes should be open, and
remain open, to the abuses which encounter them
in their daily business, they must be educated
not merely by that business but for it. If the
attorney is allowed to learn all he knows in the office,
and the barrister receives no training but from
papers "at chambers," the mind of both must ne-
cessarily
become Maned
To what it works in, like the dyer's hands."
Their notions must take the colour of the atmosphere
in which they are conceived, the air which they
breathe and live by. This matter of legal education
has been the subject of a parliamentary commission,
which has duly issued its blue book.
That the evidence in this book should be unani-
mous is no wonder. Blue books always are unani-
mous, a circumstance which somewhat lessens their
value. But this is a case in which the agreement of
all (as to the evil, at least), we believe, would not
have been shaken by the best cross-examiner in
Westminster Hall. No man who knows what is the
full import of the words " lawyer " and "gentleman"
can be satisfied with the present state either of so-
licitors or the bar. How matters may be improved
is another and more intricate question. That im-
provement is needed is a fact which mast be ad-
mitted by every one who has moved habitually in
the society of educated and high-minded persons and
has had the experience of a year's circuits.
The commission begin by reporting on what they
facetiously call " the present state of legal education
in England and Ireland." This chapter of their re-
port is something like PONTOPPIDAN'I3 well-known
chapter of owls in Iceland, which, as every one
remembers, ran thus : " There are no owls in Iceland."
So the sum and substance of this part of the report
would seem to be "There is no legal education in
England or Ireland." The mere empiric instruction
picked up by attorneys, during clerkship, in the office,
and by students at the inns of court, in pleaders',
or conveyancers', or equity draftsmen's chambers, is
not deserving the name of legal education ; but is the
only thing which now supplies the place of it.
It is hardly to be expected that our universities
should contain any provision for teaching the
common law. They have always been antagonistic
to it. The law, which is cone of their faculties, is
and has always been civil law. We do not see, for
our own part, why instruction in the laws of Eng-
land need be asked at the hands of our universities,
when we have in the inns of court (what were ori-
ginally) colleges for special instruction in the com-
mon law, as distinguished from the canon and civil
law of the ecclesiastical courts.
The parallel between the teaching of arts at Oxford
and Cambridge, and of common law in the inns of
court, is much closer than persons are generally
aware of. The inns themselves answered very
exactly to the halls and hostels, which up to the
fourteenth century were the substitutes for colleges.
The degrees of bachelor and master of arts were
represented by those of apprentice of the law
or barrister, and seniens ad legem, or ser-
jeant. The logical and theological lectures and
exercises of the schools were reproduced in legal
form in the readings, mootings, and exercises
of the Temple and Lincoln's-inn. Mere was, down to
the seventeenth century, something like the reality of
a legal education furnished in the inns of court. All
trace of it has now dwindled to the ridiculous form
called " keeping an exercise," still observed in Lin-
coln's-inn, in which the steward puts into the stu-
dent's hand a paper containing a legal proposition.
The student reads the words, the bencher bows, and
the " exercise is kept"
The only instruction now to be got in the inns of
court is that which the student chooses to give
himself in a pleader's, barrister's, conveyancer's, or
equity draftsman's chambers. Here he may acquire
considerable technical skill, and, by hard labour, learn
an outline at least of the system of pleading, getting
up cases, conveyancing, and Chancery practice re-
spectively. Bat every scrap of knowledge thus
gathered is picked up hap-hatard, without any pains
being taken to present the parts of a system in their ,
interdependence and scientific relation. The strident
has no more studied the law" when he has gone
through this discipline than a man can be mid to have
studied theology who has been turned loose into the
British Museum, in utter ignorance, to pick out a
system for himself from the fathers and scholars ; or
than he can be called a student of chemistry who has
the run of a laboratory, witk free leave to poison or
blow himself up as often as he chooses.

Tits proceedings in Ireland at the present general
election would afford some capital sketches of cha-
racter to a skilful dramatic writer• It is a pity
that we have nowadays no CuMßSat.sar• Of SHIM-
DAN to embody eome of the delicious extra of

_ ~..“ravagenes
the Irish politicians. Bat the genius which depicted
a Major CYllo..rty or a Sir Lueine O'Trigger is
not to be met with in every age. We must be content
to laugh over the comedies which those very un-
poetical writers. the reporters for the Irish press. send
as over for exhilaration in these dull days when "the
little theatre in the Haymarket" is closed.
The Irish character, though as vehement and
impulsive as ever, is not so pugnacious as it was in the
last century. The lie direct was given more than
once on the Cork hustings, but nobody heard of any
of the usual consequences amongst the gintlemin."
The lie direct was given at Waterford by an honour-
able baronet to an equally honourable gentleman, but
there was no " affair of honour " in the case. The lie
direct was given at Dundalk, but nobody took any
notice of it. Thus a great point has been gained. It
is evident that the Irish have given up duelling, and
we rejoice to think so. We would, however, desire
to Nee their public proceedings characterised by more
Jand decorum.
udging by the reports before us, we would hazard
another remark on our neighbours. They do not ap-
pear to have so much wit and humour as heretofore.
We ere more tempted by some Of their " sayings " to
laugh at them than with them. Occasionally, how-
ever, their election contests are enlivened with
the old humour of the country. At the Uni-
versity election, Mr. Burr, the well-known
politioal *sister, made a poignant retort upon
Mr. Einaw. On the day of nomination, after
Mr. Burr bad addressed the electors, Mr. &taw
said : " Spesidag, not as an Oxford graduate,
but as an Irish gealisman, I will say that Mr. Borst
speech proem nelbletbut the vulgarity of his own
nature, whisk esteem ea odeestion at this univer-
sity weld mime Mr. Burr had no opportunity of
replying. till mote time after, when: he took care is
Ma the reorder " that it was a great pity wheat he
lad Neared a redrhtg pension of three thesmindper
mosissemas the es"sslidated fund, that be bad net also
moaned to pat his tangos upon the civil list." But
poigassey sarcasm. sod ponied aserbity of lan-
guage, have been ea"s"ed to the actors at the college
election ; the reiwpslithad peritermers in the pro-
vinces overflowed with vitanerative altercation, and
offensive dialogue, bat no Irish wit shines through
the scolding.
The days are gone when, in Ireland, the rival
families in different counties and cities selected the
most eloquent barristers to advocate their political
claims at the hustings. Formerly there was a
keen encounter of wit on the day of nomina-
tion. The audience were sure to be gratified by
;several " good things," raid by men of approved wit
and eloquence. The struggle Was generally too much
of a personal nature—the triumph of the individual
rather than the public principle was sought. Nowa-
days, the mode has changed ; the wit and elo-
quence seem gone ; the factious violence remains.
if the decline and fall of Irish popular wit
was accompanied by the growth and increase of
English good sense, one need not regret the change
that is apparently taking place in Irish character.
But we are scarcely justified by the proceedings
reported in the Irish journals, in saying that our fel-
low-subjects are gaining in mese as they lose in wit.
Fenuely,polities were pursued in Ireland as a means
et eleney aWmtion. Ths Multiage were a stage on
yid& ans was sure to meet with abundance of
Int ibleepee and humour which appeared ellen-
biesdety the growth of the soil. The character
of the people was manifested in their political pro-
Deoddip. All the points of the Irish character
under the influence of social excitement.
'mete es the humour and the swagger ; the vaunt-
he speech ; the happy repartee ; the sly allusion ; the
semis anecdote; the oratorical enthusiasm, combined
With brave deportment. No doubt there was reek-
leresess, and steady political wisdom was desidemted ,•
but still there was much in the Irish public man of
the last century, and of later times, with which we

oould sympathise. He was a sort of Dow Casa* de
Baum who pined upon our hew* while he lost our
respect by his reckless escapades. After we re-
nounced him for some gratuitous lace of folly, he
recovered our regards by some dazzling exploit in the
public cause.
But the Irish politician of our times has lost the
brilliancy, and retained all the impudence, of his an-
cestors. He prevents us with the dregs of the Irish
character—its stupid violence, its perversity, and un-
reasoning hatred. We miss the traits of the Irish
gentleman, " racy of the soil," and recognise the
features of the coarse democrat, reeking of the mire.
In sexing this, we thiuk it right to add, that our
remarks refer not to the Irish members of parliament
(though several of themare obnoxious to the cenaure),
but to the general class of local politicians, who busy
themselves with Irish public affairs. The public
business of that country is now in the hands of
a totally different class from that which managed it
thirty years ago. With the change of class has come
a change of manners. Scandalous language, vile
and pettifogging tricks, unhandsome subterfuges do
not apparently throw discredit on the self-styled
Irish gentleman. Formerly, the public business was
transacted by an irresponsible oligarchy. All power
vested in the hands of the protestant gentry; the ca-
tholic* were endured on sufferance. All the evils of
an oligarchical rule were then produced. The sway
of gentlemen exclusively taken from one prevailing
interest was proved to be selfish, bigoted, unjust. A
revolution was gradually effected. An immensely
greater number of persons are now invested with
public privileges.
We now perceive what might have been antici-
pated . For some time to oome, Ireland must suffer
from the inexperience and vanity of her popular poli-
ticians. Her reputation and fair fame will, probably,
for a season suffer from their indecencies, impudence,
and indecorum. But the evil, as in all similar cases,
will cure itself. The reaction will not only be power-
ful, but permanent. As, in the last generation, the
popular cry was against the gentlemen of the as-
cendancy, so probably in the coming time the call
will be for an asceadancy of gentlemen. Such
scenes as those recorded of the Rumens, CAL- I
LAGHANS, FAGANS, and others, at Cork, will become
" few and far between."
In a country like Ireland, where the tendency of
the popular character is to extravagance, it is very
necessary that public men should be influenced and
guided by what Mr. BURKE emphatically called " the
spirit of a gentleman." We need hardly say that
such a spirit is quite independent of class, and may
exist in union with the most popular principles. The
boldest friends of the people have often been men of
the best breeding. Self-respect in her public men, and
self-reliance in her citizens, are moral qualities which
our sister-country should cherish by every means.
It is only by fostering those qualities that • true
public opinion in Ireland can be generated. No
positive institution could confer each lasting and
extensive good on that country as the existence of a
sound public opinion. And we rejoice to perceive,
amid the tumult and discord, some unmistakeable
symptoms of the growth of a public mind in Ireland.

We have received our correspondence and the jour-
nal, of Paris of Sunday.
M. Guizot left Paris on Saturday for the Val
Richer. He will attend the council general at
Caen, and will from thence proceed to En to visit
the King. His absence from Paris will be for three
weeks, during which he will communicate daily with
the Foreign-office by couriers. M. Salvandy, Minis-
ter of Public Instruction, has also left Paris with his
family for Vichy. M. Dacbttel holds the office, ad
interim, during his absence.
The indisposition of the Prince de Joinville is said
to be of a serious character. The Baron Pasquier,
first physician of the King, has been sent to attend
on him. He is daily expected at Toulon, whence he
will immediately come to Paris, and thence to Eu.
The Duke d'Aumale continues to be actively en-
gaged daily at the Hotel of Foreign Affairs, prepara-
tory to his departure for Algeria to assume his func-
tions as governor of that colony. He will be acorn-
panted by two lieutenants-general and a large staff.
ne al Bedean will be continued in the office next
under the prince governor, and will be in a great
degree the real responsible governor of the colony.
The Duke d'Aumale is now in his 26th year. The
duchess, whose accouchement is daily expected, will
proceed to Algiers as soon as her condition will admit.

According to advioes from the frontiers of Cata-
lonia, of the 9th inst., the civil war continues to
exhibit all the usual traits of savage cruelty in that
province. The insurgents scatter proclamations
through the country, in which they warn the royal
troops that they will give no quarter to prisoners, and
express sentiments of the utmost hatred and ven-
geance. Thus a struggle for extermination is prose-
cuted on both sides. On the sth six Carlist prisoners
were shot at Gerona, in reprisal for the fifteen soldiers
who were murdered near Manresa. The same day a
Carlist band seized the mail courier between Cervera
and hfanresa, and burned the correspondence. The Car-
lists continue to exact contributions from the proprietors
of the province,whichtheytraverse. If the proprietor
resist, they carry away the stock of the farmer,to whom
they give a receipt, leaving him to settle with the
landlord as he can. On the 3rd Marsal and Bon en-
tered the town of Fatany with their bands, and levied
contributions. On their approach the municipal au-
thorities fled, and now apprehend being consigned to
the island of Cabrera, hire those of San Pedro. The
townspeople and their authorities are in a hard situa-
tion. If they remain they are exposed to the caprices
of the insurgents; if they fly they are visited with
exile by the royalists.

Advice. have been received from Berne to the 11th
inst. A very animated debate had taken place in the
diet on the lOthand 1 Ith,on the report of the committee
appointed to consider the proongs of the cantons
of the league so far as respects the importation of the
materiel of war, the construction of entrenchments,
and other works of defence, and the enrolment of
troops. The recommendations of the committee were
adopted by a majority of twelve whole cantons and
two half ones, being the same majority exactly as
that which voted the dissolution of the Sonderbund.
The debate in the diet on the 9th, 11th, and 12th,
respecting the proceedings of the cantons of the
league, exhibited a scene of violence without any pre-
vious example in that assembly, Speeches marked
by oonaiderable eloquence and force were, it is said,
delivered by several delegates, especially by M.
Luvini, the deputy of Tesano ; M. Draey, deputy of
Vaud ; and M. Rilliet-Constant, deputy of Geneva.
The question was the adoption of the report of the
committee of seven whieh had been appointed to in-
vestigate the alleged proceedings of the cantons of
the Sonderbund in importing munitions of war, con-
structing fortifications and works of defence, and
enrolling troop. It appeared by the report that since
the rumba- an of the "fat he dissolving the Sander-
band, the isms warms love rarebit& eir activity,
having organised the huristress, and distributed arms
and samilines. Considerable quantities of muskets
and ammunition have arrived to them from Alsace,
supplied, it is mid, from the arsenals of Strasburg,
and from the north of Italy supplied b,y the Austrian
government. The recommendations of the committee
are, first, that the separatist cantons be required to
abstain from all manifestations which teed to disturb
the general tranquillity; and, secondly, that the
other cantons be required to atop all convoys of arms,
or ammunition, or other supplies of war, which may
enter their territories, respectively, and to give doe
notice of such 'applies to the federal government.
These recommendations have been adopted in the diet
by the same majority, twelve states and two half-
states, as voted for the dissolution of the Sonderbund.
This decision, like the former resolutions of the
diet, was expected to be met by a protestation from
the delegates of the league, on the ground that it is
an encroachment on their cantonal sovereignty, and an
infraction of the I lth article of the pact of 1815,
which guarantees freedom of commerce to the cantons
It is contended that arms andammanition beingobjects
of commerce, their free circulation cannot be impeded
consistently with that article ; and that the separate
sovereignty of the cantons necessarily invests them
with the right to raise fortresses and levy armies.
Some of the correspondents of the French ournals
affirm that if the cantons of the Sonderbund do not
immediately submit to the decision of the diet,
the federal executive will resort to force of
arms, and a struggle between the cantons
will ensue. Other letters say, however, that
the resolutions of the diet will be submitted to
without resistance. The journals of Berne give some
' circumstances which countenance this latter opinion.
It seems that General do Sonnenberg, an officer in

the service of the league. was lately passing in review
the Landwehr, Neukirchen, ip the canton of Lu-
cerne, which he ordered to premed with its UMW
in rainy weather. Murmurs broke out thenrupon in
the ranks, and the troops began to disperse. M. de
Sonnenberg then with menaces ordered the roll to be
called ever. This became the Niguel for general and
immediate disbanding. The men dispersed, shouting
" Down with the Sonderbund ! Hurrah for the
federal troops ! When they arrive, instead of tiring
upon them, we will present arms to them!"

Advicea from Bologna of the 7th have brought
alarming reports of the state of Ferrara. On the 6th,
that city was overrun by the Austrian troops, on the
pretence that an officer had been arrested by the civic
guard, which was disavowed by the cardinal legate.
Patrols of Austrians traversed the town, which had
orders to fire upon all persons who did not make a
certain answer to the German (gni vire?) "wee da."
The cardinal legate made a formal protestation,
attested by a notary, against this, and sent an express
to Rome for instructions. The latest accounts say
that a division of Austrians had already fired on the
people. Copies of the protestation had been sent to
Rome, Verona, Milan, and to the governor of the for-
tress of Ferrara.
The latest accounts state that the Austrian troops,
on some trivial pretence, having issued from the
citadel, overran the town, in spite of the remon-
strances and protestations of the cardinal legate. The
Itatiana, a Bolognese journal, gives a letter from
Ferrara, from which we take the following extracts :
In consequence of a report male by an Austrian officer,
who pretended he had been stopped in the evening of Sun-
day last (August 1) by a patrol of the civic guard, and com-
pelled to sing and dance, the general commending the
Austrian garrison had troops stationed along the Spinets
(the esplanade.) Cardinal Ciseehi, legate of the province,
having endeavoured, but in vain, to persuade the general
that the report was inexact, ordered the civic guard not to
allow the patrols to go within the Esplanade, to avoid a
collision. The general waited on the legate this morning, '
declaring, that in consequence of the orders he had just
received, and in order to eosinre the safety of those officers
he would send his patrols through the streets at night, and
that they should receive orders to fire upon the people in
ease of tomtit, and even on the civic patrols themselves, if
they refuse to sewer the verdo (who goes there ?) by the
words Prattville Romano. The cardinal having replied
thathe should protest most formally against this delon,
the general replied, " Your minence will act as you think
proper, but I shall strictly obey the orders I have received."
Cardinal Ciaochi then prepared a protestation, and sent it to
Rome by estafette, sad ordered the civic patrols not to go
their rounds. Every one has promised to be eirmunspeit,
but the whole population is in consternation, and in expecte-
tion of some great disaster. 10 p.m.—Detachments of Aus-
trian troops from the fortress are patrolling in every
part of the city. One of them, which arrived about
a quarter of an hour ago, at the crossroad of
the Geigadello, seeing some one coming towards
them in the dark, fired three shots; one towards the
Strada de Gargadello, and the two others down the Strada
del Beatardine. Another shot was fired at the gardener
della Grotto. Fortunately no one was injured, but public
indignation is extreme. The Cardinal-legate immediately
sent orders to the civic patrols to keep themselves in reach-
nessLin their respective quarters. Midnight. —The protes-
tation of Cardinal Ciacclu has just been deposited at the
aoteire'e, M. Monti. An authentic copy has been sent to
Rome, to Verona (headquarters of the Austrian army of
Italy), and to Milan. A copy has also been sent to the
general commanding the garrison of the (entrees of Ferrara.

MADRID, Aro. 10.
Pacheco has at last determined to face the palace
question manfully, and to stand or fall by his success
in settling it. He went to La Crania, determined to
resign if he could not bring the Queen to Madrid,
which was the essential preliminary. Not without
great exertion, and an obstinate struggle, this point
was at last conceded. The issue hung, no doubt, upon
the vault of the interview of Senor Benavides with
the King on Sunday, and the decision of the Queen is
a pledge that the negotiation of the Home Minister
was successful. The Queen is expected to arrive at
Madrid on Friday ; and if a report which is
hourly gaining credit speak true, the King will
join her at the palace on the same evening.
lEverybodp, except those who are personally in-
terested in the continued separation of the royal
couple--and such constitute a discontented and ambi-
tious faction fortunately far from dominant—is in •
state of jubilant expectance to see this matrimonial
reconciliation realised. The King will enter the
palace, it is said, without making any condition which
is incompatible with the Queen's authority as head
of the state, or which is in opposition to the Queen's
personal tastes and inclinations. He will not seek to
commend in the royal house, nor to exclude from it
welt parsons as are not agreeable to him. He will
have hie own suite of apartments, where he will be
entirely independent and free from constraint ; he
will have his own set of officers and attendants 1 he
will enjoy a considerable dotation ; he will attimr,
I with the Queen in public upon all such state user
ions as usage exacta. Thus at least the pulite
scandal of open domestic separation will be put am
end to, and what is still more important, the hopes I
of the nation may be crowned by a legitimate and
indisputable rucceasion.
Should the King at the eleventh hour change his
mind—should there be a slip between this unhopei-
for cup of good fortune and—not to
.speakit pe►
finely—the royal lips, Pacheco will resign and SSW
muses will attempt to form a ministry ; bu,t, wanting
the moral support which the antecedents of Pacheco
conciliate to the t cabinet, he will not be abbe
to comaet a stable one. In that case, it is an.
ceedingly probable that the moderate tree,-
sistaa, the centre gauche, or Thiers party in /pain,
who acknowledge Cortina for their chid, might
come in. It is hardly worth while to to
the future so far as to inquire whether a Qstina
cabinet, Coming in upon the supposition that the
reunion of the King and Queen is unpraelcable,
would attempt to resolve the palace question in an-
other sense, by cutting the matrimonial knot.
It is said that the arrival of despatches from Rome
during the last ministerial crisis, which represented
the difficulties that would arise in the negotiations
with the Holy See from the continued separation of
the royal pair, contributed to the favourable issue of
the task taken in hand by the premier.
The Queen will leave La Granja ,:on Thursday
night. Salamanca came back to Madrid on Sunday,
Pacheco yesterday. It is mid the Queen intends to
occupy her mother's apartments in the palace.
No sooner had the rumours of a ministerial break-
up cased to occupy the people about court, than they
had a new cud presented them to chew upon ; nothing
lees than an attempt to asuman. ate Serrano by means
of a letter charged with fulminating powder. The
letter arrived while he wu absent, upon Sunday.
The high postage charged (30 reels), and its con-
siderable bulk, drew attention, and excited the sus-
picions of his mother. Her maternal instinct divined
some mortal mischief lurking beneath the cover,
and when Serrano returned, her careful fore-
sight caused him to cut the envelope open
instead of breaking the seal. By this cau-
tion he was saved from being the victim of
bin amassination ; for the letter was found
leak billy combustibles. The Faro tries, maliciously
amp* to fix this foul scheme upon its political op-
timists, declaring that it received a copy of a letter
odeopeed to Serrano from Zaragoza, and threatening
bia trilk horrible vengeance unless he listened to the
polmisos of the popular party.
The Montemolinist news is not of much import-
mem Don Fulgencio Smith (delicious bathos!) en-
countered Cabecilla Botjer and his band near Alcover
recently. One of the Geniis was killed, and the rest
dispersed. Some guns, cloaks, &c., fell into the hands
of the soldiers. -Five of the rebel prisoners taken
after the action of Vidrieras were shot at Gerona on
the 4th. Cabecilla Griset has addressed a circular (in
which he styles himself Captain-General of Catalonia
for King Charles VI.) to the holders of national pro-
perty in Segura, Urgal, and the plain of Tarragona,
calling upon them to pay the impoeta due upon such
estates.
General Cepa has been restored to his rank of
--4-cieneral of the Nary.

A demo in to-day's Gazette organises the medical
department in the navy into *Board of Health, and
makes some useful changes in it.
Captain John Lownahead, who saved some Spanish
wreckers in May last, and brought them, after 24
days, into Galway harbour, putting his own crew
during that time upon half rations, is presented
with the naval decoration, called the Cross of the Royal
Diadem. Another decree has been signed by the Queen,
confining the duties levied at the gates of towns to
common articles of consumption, and will be published
in a few days.

ROME, Aco. 8.
To the ordinary observer or trans-Alpine visitant
this old metropolis seems, what it bath long been,
solemnly serene and dignified in its dull repose; but
behind the scenes there is much silent activity, and,

17, 1847.

as in the calm flow of its owe be incessant whirl-
pools keep eddying beneath' the current. At this
moment I have ascertained that in the Cantle St.
Angelo there ere two tens, near the battlement from
which Benvenuto Cailini boasts of having fired his
arquebus, with deadly effect on Constable Bourbon,
fitted up to look like comfortable chambers (barring
the windows) ; and these snag quarters are evidently
destined for no vulgar occupants. Many names are
circulated, but shall not find place in your columns,
unless on authentic data. Domenico Cavaletti, the
chief director of the police for the district of Velletri
and all the Pontine marshes, was brought in a pri-
mmer yesterday, and added to the Catilinarian mis-
cellany assembled in the careere nuoro. His con-
nexion with the disturbers has been proven by the
revelations already made, and great satisfaction is
felt at the retribution dealt on official delinquency:
In pursuance of the pontifical mandate, Lambruschini
has been summoned from his maritime retreat, and is
expected here to-day or to-mcrrow. Every precau-
tion is taken by the national guard to protect his en-
trance from the fury of the mob. The maggiordoino,
Pallavicini, is in a state of contumacious outlawry at
Genoa : his doings in the various forms of peculation
on the palace expenditure for years have far eclipsed
the scandal of General Cubietres, Teete, or Pellapra on
your side of the Alps ; and the partner of his abstrao-
tient), Col. P fey ffer, commandant of the Swiss beef-eaters
(whose name occurred before in this correspondence
as presenting Fanny Elsner to the Pope), has ab-
sconded, not in the odour of integrity. Indeed we
are told here that on his arrival at Lucerne be was
arrested by order of the canton, and will be stet
back. The trade in soldiers which that enlightened
community has carried on so lucratively with Rome
for centuries is too valuable a branch of industry to
jeopardise for the sake of the noble race of Pfevffer.
On Sunday last an attempt was to have been'made,
asadernier ressort, to throw the trasterere quarter into
cenfasion, in the mad hope of rekindling the trampled-
out embers of political conflagration. The occasion
selected was the annual grand procession of the
Boecaletti,so called because the glassblowers of Rome,
a very. numerous trade (owing to the fragile nature of
our wine flasks), form an imposing muster in the
show, and carry specimens of their handicraft. The
conspirators paid, apparently, no deference to the
precept of Horace :
-nada In arum Itrtltite menials
Putnam Thrseuns rat;
but calculated on much confusion arising out of broken
bottles. This babble has happily beret innoccuously.
Chief Secretary Ferretti was on the ground at an
early hour with his inborn energy, and overawed the
malignant& There were no bones or flagons broken.
Talking of our new state secretary, his brother
Pietro Ferretti has come up from Naples, at the re-
quest of Pine, and is installed at the head of the finance
department, conjointly with the late Bavarian legate
Morichini. Treasurer Antonclli has been cashiered—
a measure which, six months ago, I advocated in your
paper, knowing how deeply ho was involved in the
corn speculations of his brother at Ancona. Count
Pietro Ferretti is a man of most Cato-like inte-
grity, stern in his opinions and of cast-iron in-
flexibility. He headed the outbreak against
"Gregory, in 1831, and was proclaimed leader
by the northern part of the legations. Crashed by
the overwhelming march of Austrian Vandals, that
effort was not productive of any result : but Ferretti,
profiting by the French occupation of Ancona, insisted
on terms of capitulation, which Gregory, once the
danger over, shamefully disregarded. Count Pietro,
having staked all his fortune on the die, passed the
following sixteen years as simple clerk in a Neapoli-
tan counting-house—not aware that he was qualify-
ing himself for the direction of pontifical finance.
He was, of course, included in his cousin's act of
amnesty to exiled rebels. Another brother, Count
Christopher Ferretti, is also in Rome--an old veteran,
who fought at Marengo and at Wagnun, bat had in
early life been a knight of St. John, and now re-
sumes in that ilk the highest wet, hat of " grand
issilli " and " Turcopolier" of the order of Malta.
Count Mastai, father of Pius IX., was singularly blest
in his marriage with a daughter and heiress of this
old stock, of which he took the name.
The army is taken out of the hands of clergymen
altogether, and Abbate Fraaainelli must now give up
the charge of dragoons for the cure of souls. That
gentle personage, Medici Spada, whose geological
collection is a great effort for Rome, will have now
more leisure to show it to foreigners and the ladies.
This ecclesiastic, who has nothing warlike about him
but his name (spada means a sword, and not a spade,
though so translated in the pack of cards), still ad-
vertises on the walls of Rome for biscuit, knapsacks,
and canteens : but Colonel Bruti, aided by lawyer
Ridolii, have superseded him in the working depart-
ment, and his gunpowder occupation is gone.
By the way, the Austrian general who had marched
into Ferrara with twice a thousand men and then
marched "bock agin," has had the ludicrous au-
dacity to come up hero to Rome complaining of Car-
dinal Legate Ciacchi for not giving his men free
quarters as he had been induced to expect He says
loudly that he has in his possession the written invi-
tation of the late State Secretary Gizzi to come over
the border. If such a document in such hand-
writing be really forthcoming, it will go hard with
the late official, but forgeries have already been com-
mitted on the gouty old gentleman, and why not
this? The whiskered German demands satisfaction

forbeing hissed andleft withoutledgings, when invited
by a friendly power to drop in and take pot luck.
The public treasury loses 250,000 dollars by the re-
duction of the tax on salt. It is all very well for
,Peel, with the resources of John Bull, to pride himself
on a reduced tariff; but the Pope has made in this
matter a much greater sacrifice in proportion for the
benefit of the poor consumers in his territory.
The general look-out of all parties here is for the
monster trial of the conspirators, which will be held
in the great hall of the Capitol. The impeached or
suspected portion of the cardinals show a most
demonstrative anxiety that every degree of publicity
should be given to the prosecution, and the various
law agents and others concerned are working double
tides. The interest it excites is not less than was
felt in the great case against Verres once pleaded in
this vicinity, or that of Warren Hastings in your
neighbourhood.
The most stirring accounts come up from Naples.
All Calabria in a blaze. Three Swiss regiments sent
off in panic haste to meet a whole province up in
aro* their withdrawal from the capital allowing
free scope to metropolitan insurrection. Clandestine
presses. Arrests. General dismay and dimorgai,i-
melon.

FRANCE.—DUEL OF MM. B RAD VALLON AND
DUJAILIIIIM—PRAJORT.—It will be recollected that 'navel
months dna M. Beauvallon was tried at Rouen for ki
M. Dujarrier, one of the editors of La Press*, in a das,lllZl
was acquitted. After the trial circumstances afforded
grounds for a charge of film testimony against M. d'Bequef
Tilley, one of the witnesses in the cue, which testimony had
formed part of the ground upon which the verdict of acquittal
wee rendered. M. d'Ecquevilley has just been tried before
the Court of Lasses of the Seine on this charge. The per-
jury related to the following facts:—Before the duel M.
Bertrand, coo of the seconds of M. Dujarrier, having ex-
amined the pistols, which were sup lied by M. d'Bussvil-
ley, and inserted a finger in one of the barrels, found that it
was blackened, from which circumstance he inferred that
they had been tried, and put the question to M. d'Ecque-
villvy, who replied that they had been merely flambe!,
(flashed with powder), and that M. &munition had never
before used them. M. d'Ecquevilley had previously repre-
sented to the other seconds that the pistols were his own, he
having parchesel them of M. Denman, the gunsmith;
whereas ht transpired that they were is reality the pistols
of M. Granter de Camegnae, the brother-in-law of M. Beau-
sabots, who had often practised with them M. Beauval-
lon was acquitted of the charge of murder, but was con-
demned to pay heavy damages to the mother of M. Du-
jarrier, who prosecuted se porlie dolls in the cause. To
avoid payment of this sum Beauvallon fed to Spain, as did
also his second, d'Boquesillay, who holds the rank of captain
in the Spanish army. A long time had not elapsed before
an acquaintance of d'Eequevilley, M. de Melnard, made im-
portant disclosures, to the effect that he knew the pistols
used in the duel to he those of the brother-in-law of M.
lleauvallon ; that they had bean tried before the duel by the
latter in the garden of the house where d'Ecquevilley
resided ; and that &envelop, who performed some
shots which excited his admiration, replied that he
was perfectly acquainted with the pistols, as they
belonged to his brother-in-law. Upon this the indictment
againstd'Ecquevillejwis framed. In the oeurseofthistrialM.
Beauvallon appeared sea witness on behalf of the accused,
and the testimony which he gave being compared with the
established facts of the case and the evidence of other wit-
nesses was, in the opinion of the court, such as to place the
judge under the necessity, in the discharge of his functions, of
committing M. Beauvallon to the Coniergeris on the charge
of giving false testimony. An observation having fallen
from M. Beauvallon in the court, to the effect that the pro-
ceeding of the president would have the effect of producing
a duel between him and M. Bertrand (the son of the Mar-
shal of France of that name), the president, at the close of
his charge to the jury, said, " Raving thus, gentlemen,
placed before you the circumstances of the accusation, allow
me to notice the impudence of that man whom I ordered
into anat_ to-day, and who will no doubt be prosecuted.

It was not without indignation that we heard him my te the
court, You desire, then, to have a duel between me
and Arthur Bertrand!' Oentlemsen, a duel of any
geetismen with Beauvais is now impossible ; for
if as the gammeoler mdartaias, he have not
used mak aim is the id wish Daimler,
he mast be salabsd to Imo tams sospicioss w
Beauvallon is a person who can no looser lade=
series. A man et honour would utterly lass Ids if
he olusaldaeZtrehalleage from him." Thar
words et die vow reasived by the lememrselesatr
which the exert with an axprassisa aloud end
general atiprobadesi, which, however, Ina intmdiately !UP-
. -At theism of a preimegeillealMigedisa and legal
'=ion, the pay, after retiring for sal, tee minutes de-
clared by the saw& of their foreman : .Oa my honour and
conscience, in the sight of God madmen, the verdict of the
jury is—' The accused is guilty.' The verdict is bound by a
majority: there are extenuating circumstances" The court
retired for a quarter of an hour to deliberate, and on its re-
turn pronounced sentence against Hcquevilley of tea years'
solitary imprisonment, without public exposure. He was
also declared liable for amts.
EXTRAORDINARY HAIL STORM.—On Wednesday,
August 4, at about 3 p.m., an extraordinary storm swept
over the town of Ilia and its vicinity. Hail fell for nearly
Indian hour in such vast quantity that where it could ag-
glomerate it was left in heaps a yard high. Its effect on
the vines was so destructive that nothing is left but their
bare stalks; the beans, corn, potatoes, and fruit have also
disappeared. The storm took a direction from west to east.
The breadth was of no great extent, for it scarcely covered a
quarter of a league ; bat it was considerable in length.
Taking its rise at Col-del. Bosch, at about 4 kilometres from
Fax, it devastated successively the commune§ de Lavelanet,
Sainte-Colombes sur Lhers, Chalabre, and reached Quillen,
in the department of the Aude. It is impomible to calculate
the total loos, but some idea can be formed of it by that
sustained by a M. Perie, nursery gardener, at Fax, which
has been estimated at from 20,900 to 22,000 francs.
BELOIUM.—BnussELs, Auo. 14.—The new mi-
nisters, in their official programme, declare their resolution
to maintain the civil powers, independence of the clergy,
and clerical influence. This principle will be especially ad-
hered to with reference to the question of public education.
Bills are to be submitted to the Chambers for altering the
mode of nominating the examiners for university degrees ;
for restoring the mode of election in communes to the provi-
sions of the law of 1836; for the abolition of Coe practice of
nominating burgomasters not of the municipal council ; and
for increasing the number of electors. The programme pro-
mises to avoid every increase of the tariff; and, with regard
to alimentary substances, to steer clear of the old protective
corn law, and avoid the sliding scale.
AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, AUG. 7.—lt is affirmed, that
although the orders for the march of the Austrian troops on
the frontiers of Italy and Switzerland is not yet carried into
effect, it has not been revoked.
HAMBURG, AUG. 14.—Le Baron d'Uchtrit, cham-
berlain to his Majesty the King of Saxony, end Leopold
de Meyer, arrived here yesterday, by the General Steam
Navigation Company's mail steam-ship Countess of Lona-
dale, from London.