The Express.
London, England, 1856-08-30 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY, .4UOUST 30.

1

Tim conduct of Austria, in relation to the great I
question which has eouvuleal Earver for the last
three years, has, from the time of the Marrantiout
=lesion till now, been marked sprareatly by nothing
bet equivocation and irresolution. She has trimmed
between the coutt tiding pixies, now making fair
premiers to the Allies, ar,d wow doing a geed turn
cludestinely to Russia, butehe las never ventured
to act with either. Eves with »Unties to ben
eterisbed Irish to °bruin permanent pustular of the
Danubian Principalities, the has shrunk from decisive
action. The consequeet is that all the Great
Powers bate core to look upon the Austrian Go-
vernment with a feeling akin to contempt. But
the vacillation and Vrgivereetion of Austria in the
Oriente! stroggte wcold row appear to have been
nothing more then a cloak wider cover of which she
was preercuting her ambitious and selfish designs in
another quarter with relentless energy. While the
other Powers of Europe were watching, with alter-
nate indignation and diegust, her wretched wriggling
to ell negotiations that bore upon the Eastern gnu-
tide, they overloaked her unintermitted preparations
temperas and extend her hold upon Italy.
In the masterly and truly statesmanlike expoai ion
of the position aid aims of Austria in Italy, which
Signor FABINI has addressed to Mr. GLADSTONE, two
things are demonstrated. The first is, that by the
settlement of Labia affairs made after the downfal
of the first Naeoutox the independence of Italy was
virtually laid prostrate at the feet of Austria. The
allotment of the Lombard and Venetia. territories
to Austria gave her a permanent footing in the Penin-
sula; an extensive, fertile, and easily de!ensible tract
of country, in which she could with ease find food
and all other necessaries for her arnica; a province
in immediate contact and easy eommunicatioa
with the central seat of her empire. The
rest of Italy was panelled out into six

states, none of which could for • moment b 3
conceived capable of msking a stand, singlc-handed,
against Attalla. The Governments of Naples, Rome,
and Piedmont might indeed, from their antecedents,
have been assumed to b 3 animated by • dears to
maintain their position as independent sovereigns.
But Tuscany and the Duchies were by family rela-
tions identified with the Imperial Dynasty. These
petty states therefore formed in point of fact • chain
of outposts, which enabled Austria at any time to
place her armies between Rome and Naples on the one
hand and Piedmont on the other, and to out off all
communicition between them. By such an arrange-
ment it is obvious 113 gt the Italians were delivered
over, booed band and foot, to the domination of an
alien raps ; Italy was made • province of the vast add
heterogeneous empire of Austria.
The other fact which is made clear by Signor
PARINI is, that ever since 1830 Austria hes system-
.. _ _

Hominy interfered in the internal affairs of the inde-
pendent Italian States, in a manner that is no longer
resegelsed as consistent with the international law of
Europe. No attempt woe made by the Holy
Alliance to replace the elder branch of the BOURBONS
Of the throne of France. Frame sad England
entered into a league to prevent the istertareses
et any foreign power in the eonteetsel sussed= to
the Spanish crown. France @easily interfered by
force of arms to compel the Hatch to evacuate the
Belgian territory. Tacitly or expressly, all the great
European powers gave their sanction in them three
instances to the principle that every independent nr
tion has a right to choose its own rulers and form of
government. That right bad been seserted long
before by England in its own ease; and it has been
snosseefelly asserted both before and slaw by France.
Bat this principle Austria hay been allowed to
trample under foot in Italy. 01109 and again
abs has sent her troops to prop up totter-
ing despotic throne, in the Peninsula, and to
@approve the laudable efforts of the Italians to obtain
free inetitatioes and good government by the moot
legitimate nesse. With the exception of Birdie*
all the rulers of Italy are de twee mere vassals end
viceroys of Austria. The Legstiose, Puma and
Mein% ere rated by Auer's, sot by their nominal
Ilwawelgas. The King of Neeute kohl up to Austria
as his patron and protector. Medistely or Imme-
diately all Italy is governed in conformity to the
policy of an alien despotism, except.the kingdom of
Sardinia.

Hat the establishment of constitutional government
in Piedmont has made Austria apprehensive for the
permanence of her hold upon Italy. The Sardinian
Government repudiates Austrian inflames and

taterfersoce, and is bold in the dolma of her own
fadepeedenee. The liberals of all the other States
of the Peninsula have learned to regard Pied-
mont so the champion of Italian ladepeedenea
and are gager to ally themselves to her, and
to seek security under her gage. This is the
arrigro-promis which has perpetually engrossed
the minds of Austrian statesmen while affecting to
coquet in turn with all the parties envied in
the Oriental struggle. While Anode and the
Allies have been wrestling to uphold or to destroy
Sebastopol, Austria has been inelegantly labour-
fog to construct a Sebastopol of her owe,
which might be a standing gismos" to
Italy, as its prototype was to Turkey. During
the three years of the war she has con-
mired to construct, unobserved, en the shores of the
Adriatie, some twenty leeguss S.E. of Trieste, the
Satre', of Pols. Eighteen minims of from have
bees spent upon its fortificatioas, which are as strati
es the lest improvements of military seines gee make
Rhea. sad are amply stored with artillery and all
the inuaitloas of war. Pols, too, like Sebastopol,
baser I. shoot to have its docks, sad se Aestrhs
lest is being built and equipped. Pole commands
the harbour of Venice, and threats.. Assam.
elnedy the nesse
Vienna. with all
with Pisani%
is &Asses
old, DMA
Marles i by
the whole of

Govarausat et hoe
••• matured to defy
States b assert
throwing off
vaarehlse ad&
pessissas, sad
Sairilalaa haw

Italy to stir up distertnnioss that may Word her a
pretext for extended interrelation. She believes that
the moment hue come when by a bold sad madame blew
she may mush fee ever the Mae kplepeadease sad
nationality of Italy, and reader ail the peninsula
is appearance what the greater part of it has keg
been in reality—a mere Austrian provines. The very
language of Italy is •o he suppressed wh Austria
an establish her authority. An edict has bees issued
rendering imperative the acquirement of the German
Wiper, by all the pupils in the schools and colleges
of Lombardy and Venetia, obviously • first step
towards making German the language of the
Lsw Coasts and Chancelleries throughout then
provisoes.

- In acting thus, Austria has thrown down the
gauntlet both to England end France, as well es to
Italy. She has declared to the Governments of
England and France, "You have snatched Turkey
from the grasp of Russia, bat yon caunot, and dare
I lot, attempt to rescue Italy from mine.' She has
declared to them, "You bevel:attracted obligations
to Sardinia, bat I will crash your ally, Sardinia,
lin spite of you." Bat Austria has only dared to do
this under en impression that Frazee and England
will view wi,h apathy her usurpations in Italy. What
may be the resolve of the French Government it were
bootless to coojecture l and, fettered as the French
press is, there are no means of appaaling to the
French people. Bat the duty of England and of the
English Government, and their power to mike An..
tria quail and abandon her aggressive attitude, by
• firm and unequivocal declaration of their determi-
nation to uphold the independence of Italy, ern
beyond a doubt. Indeed all that is required to Wawa
England and the English Government to make mho
declaration is the eonvietion that Austria is In
earnest in her nefarious purpose. The desire of
foreign minion has so completely died out of the
public mind in England, that English statesmen are
with dilkalty brought to recognise its existence in
ether esearaments. This was the main canes of the
tardy sod irresolute movements of our Govern-
ment, even after Russia had sent MEITCRI-

xorr to Constantinople, and poured her legions
into the Danubian Provinces. Let not the same
blunder be repeated now. The designs of Austria are
made palpable by the fortifying of Pola, the augmen-
tation of the Austrian army in Italy, and the Insolent
provocations offered to Piedmont. A war in Italy
will be Infinitely more dangerous than any war in the
remote East could be. And the only way in which
a war in Italy can be averted is by England's
promptly and unequivocally declaring her adhesion
to the cause of Piedmont and Italian indtpendenos
under all eventualities.

,

By the electric telegraph it has already
it of instantscrous communication with vial
1 the Austrian stroegbolds in Italy, and will
• of whisk Austria bolds armed pmeemies.
r of the law of nations. Is days of 1
threatseed to bridle the steed@ of Bt. h
mesas of Pols, Austria hopes to bridle tl
ii Italy.
8o ormvisced is the Austrian Gomm
preparatioas being now nelciamtly matt
uy attempt on the part of the Italian eta
their ladepeadenee, that the is already tl
the mask of moderation. Sim is mar
i : I 1 final trams hetn her Italian pew
Is conentrating them ca the Serif
, 1
, tier. By the proposed salmi of the a ' property of the Lombards who are Bart
*lv, she is facing a quarrel upon Pisa
is sending her agents Into envy p
1