The Express.
London, England, 1847-02-18 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THt.FRSDAY EVRTING, FEBRUARY 18, 1847.

of Commons, and singing the universal song of the factories,
"We will here the ten hours bill." (Opposition cheers.)
Mr. ROEBUCK mid that if noise went tor anything, or
having a good opinion of one's self was of any value, the hon.
nicmle r who had just eat down would be indeed a formi-
debit. person. (A laugh.) But as that was, happily, not the
case, he (Mr. Roebuck) should address himself to the very
small portion of argument contained in the hon. mem-
ber's speech, pasting by with small observation the garnish
with which the hon. member had so plentifully adorned it.
He (Mr. Roebuck) had no interest in the question before
the house, further than as it concerned the well-being of the
iliellunchity, but that, it seemed, was not enough to defend
him from imputations. A new species of crime had been
got up, and those who opposed the bill on public grounds
were stigmatised as cold-blooded political ecouomiets. (Hear,
hear.) He pleaded guilty to having endeavoured humbly
to ascertain the laws which regulated the acquisition of
wealth, and the circumstances connected with the condition
of our 110a:tering population. On these subjects he had come
to conclusions opposite to those of the hole member, and he
did think that under the circumstances it was somewhat hard
to have this vituperation levelled twainst him for conscien-
tiously upholding his opinion. (Hear, hear.) He Mudd
hardly. have addressed himself to the subject but for the ob-
servations which bad fallen from the noble lord the member
for Newark in the course of last Wednesday's &bate.
(Hear, hear.) They heard constantly statements to
the effect that nothing was to be made a party
question. There was a constant affectation of candour on
the part of gentlemen opposite, and, among the rest, the
noble lord, after about half-a-dozen affecting perorations—(a
laugh)—wound up his speech with this observation "Let
the working people of this country know and understand
that the gentlemen on this aide of the bout the party
attached to historic recollections, are in favour of a ten
hours bill, and have not opposed themselves to the rights of
their labouring fellow-subjects. The party of historic re-
collections! If he could but lay his hand oh the page of hie-
tory which recorded the doings of that party towards their
country, ho believed he should find that there had been ems
constsnt effort to depress its energy and to stifle its intense-
tual and moral greatness. (Hear, hear.) But he was not
called upon to enter the list; with the noble lord
on that subject. If called upon he could do so,
but this was not a question into which be wished
to infuse any party spirit, but to deal with it as one seriously
occupy ing the attention of the house, and likely in the end to
affect the deepest interests of the country. (Hear.) To hear
the hon. gentleman opposite threaten them with a congrega-
tion of cripples in Palace-yard, to influence their judgment
through the medium of their feelings—was that worthy of
men who called themselves the representatives of a civilised
community? (Hear.) They knew that misfortunes at-
tended all claws of society. They knew that the fate of
humanity was to toil for iti bread, that labour was the inevi-
table lot of man, and that disease and every other species of
misfortune would visit him, no matter what his rank its life.
But was it rational, was it fair, in approaching such a ques-
tion as this, to tell hon. members with threats that they would
soon have 500 cripples in Palace-yard crying out in chorus for
• ten hours factory bill? (Hear.) The truth was, that gentle-
men opposite made a great assumption on this question. They
assumed that they could regulate wages by act of parliament.
(Hear, hear.) The hon. member for Knaresborough said,
that when you asked the operative would he take ten hours'
wages with ten hours' work, that was not the fair way of
putting the question : that was not the way in which the
hon. member himself would put the question. Ho would
say to the operatives, " I know full well that if you have this
ten hours lull. you will still get twelve hours' wages ;" and
then he put the question, " Will you run the risk ?" (Hear.)
Why, was it not human nature in the operatives, when a
gentleman whose zeal they saw, while perhaps they over-
rated his intellectual espacity—(a laugh)—when he told
them they should have twelve hours' wages, was it not
natural they should take him at his word, and consent to run
all risks? (Hear.) But that was no answer to the main question.
Can you by any legislative enactment get for the labouring
man twelve hours' wages for ten hours' work ? If they could
do so, let them do it ' • but why not go one step further ? If
en act of parliament was omnipotent, if it could get twelve
for ten, why not for six ; or, by the same rule, why not
twelve for no work at all, (Cheers.) Unfortunately, the
hon. member for Weymouth was ales endowed with this
species of rhetoric. He said, "What is the use of over-pro-
ductiveness, why should men labour so long that we may get
a shirt a farthing the cheaper ?" But, unhappily for the
hon. member's reasoning, the course of trade was regulated
by a totally different concatenation of events. The course was
simply this—a man, having a certain capital, was able to em-
ploy a certain amount of labour, and to produce a certain
article. With that production in his band he went into the
market to compete with other men. If the products of those
men were cheaper than his he would soon be put aside, and
must fail in his enterprise. The noble lord the member for
Newark had said, " Now mark the effects of your proceed-
ings. You are not only inducing the English people to
labour, but you are inducing long hours in America. \ Vhat
did this mean ? The Americans were competing with us,
and if we passed this bill, they would labour until they dis-
possessed us, and we should never recover our position.
(Hear, hear.) Let the house consider the period at which
they were called upon to make this extraordinary inroad
upon the manufacturing power of the country. It was at a
time when the people were more heavily taxed than they
had been for forty years, when they were called upon to
maintain eight millions of their fellow subjects. Was that
a moment in which to tie up your right band? (Hear,
hear.) lie bad heard it stated that our success in all the
conflicts with Napoleon was owing to British valour. It was
so, but there was another element at work in producing that
success, and that was British intelligence applied to manu-
factures. (Hear, hear.) The sinews of war sprung out of
our surplus production, and thus the nation was enabled to
make such gigantic efforts. They had, at the present ma
meat, an enemy far greater than Napoleon to deal with, one
that worked with a more potent instrument. Famine was
stalking over the land. (Loud cries of " Hear, hear.")
They would have to struggle with bim in every region of the
empire. Ireland was already starving, end England was on
the brink of starvation, and it was at such a moment that,
for party purposes, this question was raised. (Hear, hear.)
He did not tmport party into the question; but he could
not abut his eyes to the fact, when he saw gentlemen
on the opposite benches watching for every stray
straw in their attempts to make a party. They held up
a Bag to attract every prejudice, glad to get anything
like support. One day they promised mutton to the starving
Irish, and the next they told the English operative they
would get him twelve hours' wages for ten hours' work.
That was called statesmanship—that was called dealing with
the interests of a great country on a comprehensive plan.
(Hear, hear.) Comprehensive plan! It was the wrecker's
plan. That of the man who hoisted a light on a lee-slnke,
In the hope that he might get something by scrambling
amongst the shipwrecked seamen. (Loud cheers.) Let
them only see a vessel in distress, be it a Ten Hours Bill or
an Irish famine, and gentlemen opposite immediately hoisted
a signal to tempt the ship among the breakers. (Loud
cheers.) But could they do what they attempted to do, and
that was a question which the house had a right to ask, and
which he should impress on his countrymen wherever he met
them. And here he would tell the hon. member for K naresbo-
rough that he was not afraid to meet hisconstituents whenever
it was his duty to do so, butit was not his duty to go about as
a peripatetic wandering advocate for any set of men. His
duty lay in that house, and there he would express his opi-
nions; but if his constituents asked him to come among
them he would do so at a proper time, and the hon. member
might be there also. He acknowledged that on this question
the operatives entertained opinions different from his ; he
believed that they seriously entertained the idea that by an
act of parliament they could regulate their wages. lie
differed from them entirely, and he had such confidence in
the truth of his own opinion that he wished to see them in
that house to give expression to their desires. (Hear, hear.)
He hoped that these new-fledged philanthropists would en-
deavour to extend to the labouring classes the constitutional
right to vote for members of parliament, so that they might
have a true and virtual representation in that house. He
trusted that the bon. member for Finsbury would test the
feeling of hon. gentlemen opposite on this question. (Hear,
hear.) Let them have a " large comprehensive scheme"
submitted to the leader of the great party opposite—(a
laugh)—and the labouring classes could come and express
their opinion themselves. (Hear, hear.) When that time
arrived, and he hoped it would soon come, then they would
see the value of all these fine declamations. Gentlemen
opposite always deal with the people with • patronizing air,
patting them on the beck as they would a child, and saying
" We will do everything for your good; be quiet, we will
be your pastors and masters, but don't, for heaven's sake,
attempt to be legislator." (Hear, hear.) He wanted
that the people should have the responsibility of passing this
bill themselves, because he believed that no greater calamity
could betel them. And when the noble lord at the head of
the government told them of the difficulties of his financial
position, be (Mr. Roebuck) heartily sympathised with the
noble lord's position, and tendered his best wishes for his
complete success. But as the noble lord was now the chief
adviser of the crown, let him beware how he gave the in-
fluence of his great name to this most pernicious fallacy.
Why, the noble lord dealt with it as a fallacy—u an emer-
gency, but could he stop at eleven hours ? (Hear, hear.) If
legislation were worth anything, it was as good for two
hours as for one. If they interfered with the great principle
ineisted upon on the previous night by the right bon, mem-
ber for Tamworth, if they ware to interfere between master I
and man, and to regulate private enterprise, let them do it
effectually, and if they could make men happy by act of par-
liament,
let them make them completely happy. (Hear.)
Wby this was merely trifling with the subject. He would
rather go the whole length with the hon. member far Old-
ham than have this eleven hours bill. The ritten. bare-
net the Secretary for the Home De
IMMOIe
great argument He said, "TberoVeTwei neer_ ,
you are too Wis." In the bet pleee. bi Olht. hid
always talked spinet this hal. Is had *gm&
for adult labors en every twessism and It was on yin the
cue of those wha wen not swijewis, too young to defend
their own that he had lent his assistance. But it
so happened OM had not as yet touched upon the ques-
tioa or adielt_ ,bibeez swept in an indirect way. The hon.
imeaber fir Aninediereugh sews down with • book, de-
esdhlns be hearible andiden of women and children in
debeir, ben the kw already probated children under
thirteen. lb Ail under that age could work our
eh hewn art the frietory-warn was compelled is
boson *ea bat. woe not that kw extended to the
ors
they aloha
notilidlealmade nib the adnite,litiniderialthey might do 1)t halt
be ildieken. Ithy met Enke thinker that a firma &said
mai" ==l"ltetegbylaneine lagmhe dirretabliebethene
(lab, lam.) lot the here essaider who tar be as&
gen at the agebeibrel Mabee abbe
The young rheterielme tine Mb ohs=
ens
web bark tell bon abas
be
were be et weient.
=ll. Ile had never me =fp geallemn left
fiesitsaillog yeateaties* egrindoeral
hew ••••607 "le alt.a pow mesa in IW= all:

furepenerraday. (Loud cries of " War, hear.") It was
sway far them to thearibe the horrible effects of the (*aloe, on
tbe human frame. He Lad no professional opinion on the
suliectOwit he had read upon it, and had looked through a
great number of factories, and he was prepared to say that
the women in the factories, with their good clothing and
sheltered labour, were in a ten thousand times more happy
condition than the unfortunate women whom he had hinted]
absolutely driven from the cold wet field. (Cheers.) Hall
clothed they were, ill fed, and by the eotustry gentlemen W-
oad. (Loud cheers.) The house would recollect the con-
stant assaults that had been made on masters as opposed
to Isbouiers, &IA the constant attatopti to set one
against the edit?. lie did not mean to say that
inch were the objects of the high-minded, phi'Authropie,
supporters of this question, but they wt re the ends sought
by the vulgar declaimer though wretched rhetorician, who
had nothing but the most vulgar means wherewith to
()luaus his vulgar ends. (Hear, hear.) He talked of black
books, of task masters, and of the crimes of the factories. lie
(Mr. Roebuck) was not going to retort that language on the
employera of agricultural labour ; he believed that the
labourer was badly paid, because his master could not pay
him better, and badly clothed am! fed for the same resaon.
But precisely the same was the condition of the factory
operative. If he bad not full wages and full work, it wra>
not the fault of the master. but the misfortune of both, for

neither one nor the other mild regulate wages.
(Hear, hear.) He had
facturen' agitation respecting the corn laws, and,
therefore, he had a right to vindicate them in th.:
present matter. And if he wished to take an assem-
blage of men from whose appearance he might prove th,
advantages of civilisation, he would take them from those
hives of industry, the northern towns of this country. He
would not take the agdeultural laaourer, nor the women
working for 4d. a day. He repeated that the factory ope-
ratives were better fed, better clothed, and better cared for
than any other class of labourers in this country. (Hear.)
Let the house consider the hours occupied in labour by other
workmen. Take the printers in the Tines office—how many
hours did they work at night ? Why should there not be
an act of parliament to regulate their hours ? Why not
limit the printers' devils to six hours, and oblige
their employers to educate them? What was
for the factory children in the north of 44-
land, was surely good for them in Printing-hewn
square. He saw no difference in the cases ; and with lasi
permission of the house he should endeavour to frame
clause to meet the difficulty. (Hear, hear.) They were
told by the Secretary of State that they had interfered with,
the children. They had done so, and what had been the
result ? The water-mills which only could work • few
months in summer had been closed, diminishing to a certain
extent the productive power of the country. But again
it was said, why not work the same hours all the year
round, and so keep a sufficient cock ready ? Ile
wished that honourable gentlemen who suggested
that course could know the anxiety experienced by the great
merchants of this country in watching the turn of the
markets. (Hear, hear.) They were going to make a great
experiment; and he would advise them to make it at once ten
hours ; and he was very much mistaken if the person who
first regretted it, was not the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Heavy would be the disappointment among the opera-
tives themselves, and even the honourable member foe
Knaresborough might live to see the day when he
would not be so popular among them as at present.
The hon. member for Knaresborough had led the labourers
to believe that wages would not fall as the result of limiting
the hours of labour; but so sure as they were disappointed
in this expectation—which undoubtedly they would be—the
first persons who would turn round upon them and complain
of the mischievous effects of their legislation would be the
labourers themselves; the consumer would feel that effect
also, and the nation as a nation would feel it to its heart's
core, and when they had to supply millions with food, the
Chancellor of the Exchequer would find the energies of the
country crippled, its finances cut short, and the right arm el
England weakened. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. P. BORTHWI CK supported the seemed reading.
He "greed that the principle of the measure should be
asserted boldly, and that the ten hours' limit should be
adopted, in order that the experiment might be fairly tried.
Sir R. INOLIS concurred with the hon. and homed
member for Bath that sooner or later this bill must bosoms
the law of the land, and also that that being the case, it
would be better to take the measure as it stood, rather than
adopt the compromise proposed of eleven hours. That tare
was nothing in the argument that a further limitation in
the hours of labour in factories would lower wages woe
proved by the experience of the result of the limits which,
by the interference of the legislature, had been already
imposed. He conceived that the master manufactures'.
having obtained the repeal of the corn-laws, were morally
bound to assist in the passing of laws which were proposed
with the view of conferring benefit on the labouring pope.
lation, especially when such laws were brought forward
with the concurrence and at the request of that due of the
community. (Hear)
Mr. TRELAWNY considered that the bill would, by
lowering wages materially add to the distress of the working
classes. He trimmed the second reading.
Sir G. STRICKLAND denied that there was any simi-
larity between the cases of the agricultural labourer and the
factory worker. The former worked only from ten to twelve
hours a day by daylight, and in the free and invigorating air
of heaven ; while the factory labourer, and he spoke of fe-
males and young persons more especially, had to leave their
homes at fire o'clock in the morning, in the winter, in order
to be at their work at six, and remain, the hours allowed for
meals excepted, working in • heated factory, until eight
o'clock at night, when they had to return home in the dark,
and exposed to the severity of the weather. With regard to
the question of wages' the labourer was comparatively
powerless. Adam Smith had laid it down that the masa%
being rich in purse and few in numbers, might with mom
enter into combinations to keep down wages, and the labour-
ers being numerous and poor, whenever they attempted be
unite as against such combinations, were, by their poverty
and hunger, soon compelled to give way. This
showed that the labourers were under • disadvantage,
in dealing with the masters, and required to be assister,l6o4
legislative interference. And ifwere th this e case
regard to the adult-labourer, how much more so was it ha
the case of women and children ? The time had arrived
when it wan n for the legislature to step in ; and w
was also of opinion that the ten hours' limit was that they
should adopt. (Hear, hear.)
Lord EBRINOTON observed that the question of prl&.
ciple bad been dealt with by parliament when they limited
the working-hours to 12. The interference of the state is
limiting the hours of labour was defensible ou economical
grounds—anything that tended to impair the health and
capabilities of the working classes entailed • loss on the com-
munity. It might be to the advantage of the master to
keep his hands on long hours, because the profit of the over-
, wore went wholly into hie own pocket, while the loan was
legend over the whole community. On economical, as well
ee sanatory grounds the interference of the state was desirable.
• genmel interference with children he thought justifiable,
bed umesived that it was continued too long with reference
M bare in whose case he was of opinion it should cease as
seen es they arrived at the age of discretion, that was to say,
about 14 or 15, when they could make • bargain for thew
selves. (Loud cries of" Divide.")
Mr. NEWDEGATE rose merely to Bay that he bad bees
so late that day to I resent some petitions from solieiteen
mown% merchants, manufacturers, shopkeepers, and other
isbalsinuits of Huddersfield, praying the house to pass the
meesere before it. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. MARSLAND, as the representative of a manufectur-
ins district, declared (amidst much impatience for a division)
that he should oppose the measure of the hon. member for
Oldham, who, in sacrificing his own interest ought not to
forget that he was probably sacrificing at the same time the
interests of those who were depending on him. (Renewed
cries of " Divide.") He addicted that the people ought to
have more relaxation and enjoyment, but he did not admit
that many of the improvements which had taken place in fac-
tories were to be ascribed to legislative enactments, but to
the introduction of machinery, the rendering manual labour
less severe, and the influence ofpnblic opinion. Besides, the
menullseturers were tired of agitation on the subject.
Mr. T. DUNCOMBE entirely concurredj in the last
remark. He believed that not only were master manufac-
turers tired of agitation on the subject but the labourers
themselves, for it was injurious both to employen and ens-
ployeL He regretted therefore that her Majesty's ministers
were not prepared to settle the question, so as to prevent
bather agitation. (Hear, hear.) As for an Eleven Hours
Bill it was most absurd, and only showed that the govern-
ment had great doubts u to the justice of the principle.
(Cheers.) Such a proposition would gain them no credit,
and would not satisfy the factory labourers, who would be
content with nothing short of • Ten Hours Bill. (Hear,
hear.) Not only had past experience shown that a reduction
in the hours of labour had not calmed a corresponding de-
crease in the amount of wages, but he had letters in his pos-
session from high authorities alleging that if the hours were
reduced to ten, it would rather tend to increase than
diminish the amount of wages. He would therefore heartily
support the bill.
Mr. ESCOTT rose amidst loud cries for • division, and
moved an adjournment of the debate ' • giving as his reasons
that the noble lord the member for London, the right hon.
baronet the member for Tamworth, and the noble lord the
member for Lynn, the leaders of three great parties in the
house, had net yet spoken, the two former being pledged to
explain their sentiments. (Cries of "No,' and much in-
terruption.) The right hon. gentleman the Recorder for
Dublin ought to answer, not interrupt him. (Laughter, and
renewed cries for a division.)
Mr. SHAW believed the hon. gentleman's only object in
moving an adjournment waste impede the progress of the
mature. (Loud cheers.)
Mr. LABOUCHERE would vote with his hon. friend
the member for Winchester against the bill, but he thought
his moons for an adjournment were extremely unsatisfac-
tory. (Loud cheers) Such motions were often made for
the purpose of enabling hon. gentlemen to address the house
who were desirous of doing so, but his hon. friend wished
to oompel hon. members to speak who had no wish to do so.
(Cheers and laughter.)
Sir R. PEEL denied that he had given any pledge, or
entered into any engagement, to again explain why he
should offer all the opposition in his power to the principle
of the bill. (Cheers.)
Lord G. BENTINCK, in reply to the hon. gentleman's
challenge, begged to say he was in favour of the bill.
(Cheers and laughter.)
Mr. BRIGHT having seconded the motion for adjourn-
rant, thinking it important that the measure should be fur-
ther discussed,
The house divided—For adjournment.. 7
Against it 282—Majority, 276
It being now withinivtinutes of six o'clock, much
seszloty was evinced for a division on the main question be-
am tbetbeer ; and on its taking place there appeared
Per almond reading 195
it B7—Majority,loB
alio binomial: reed a secoun.d4ime aun d ordered

ANALTSIS OF THE VOTES OF IRISH MEMBERS
ON I.Oltp G. BKNTINCK'S IRISH RAILWAYS BHA-
It is not easy at present to distinguish the particular
shades of Irish politics; but Irish members may be classed
roughly es Liberals. Conservatives, and Repenters. From
the subjoined hats, it appears that 69 Irish members voted
in the division no Lord George's bill, and 3.5 did not vote.
There is one Irish seat vacant. Of the nr:mberd who voted,
38 went with the ayes and 31 with the noes. Among the
ayes there were 2 Liberals, 22 Conservatives, and 14 Re-
pealer,. Among the noes there were V Liberals, 3 Conser-
vatives, and 6 Revelers. Among the absentees were 121
Liberals, 16 Conservatives. and 6 Itepeuhrs.
AYPS-311.
Aetna, Cot. C Gregory, W. H., C Martin, T. 8., L
Barron, Sir H. W., It Grogan, E., C Newry, C
Ritmo, T., C Hamilton, J. H., C Norreys, Sir D. J., C
Hemmed, \ " C Hanailtent, G. A., C Northland, rife., C
I L, J., It Hill, lewd C O'Brien, C., It
Brooke, Mr A. 8., C Kelly. J. It O'Brien, W. S., It
Breen, 031., C Km, D. K C O'Connell, D., Jon., B
Bonbon-01M., C Kirk, P., .ft O'Connell, J., It
Butter, iterce S., It Lawler., Hon. C., B Smitbwick, It., It
Cole, lion. 11. A., C Lefroy, A.. C T-tyks, E. C
Cottony, Cul., C Lath ,e, C. P., C Tuite, 11. L
Fitzgerald. It. A., It Meenamara, B Verner, Sir W., C
Grattan, H., It WCarthy, A, R
NOES-3I
Acheson, Viet, L Emulate, Sir T., L Power, J., B
Bellew, R. L French, F. IL Retrace, Col., L
Budgie, J. J., L (tore, Hon. R., L Rom, D. R., L
Browne, It. D., IL Hatton, Capt. V., L Shaw, lU. llon. P., C
Carew, lion. It. 8., L Howard, Slr R., L Shed, It L, L
Castlereagh, Vise., C Layard, Capt., I. Somers, J. P., L
Cavendish, Hon. C.C.,L3teDonnel, J. M., B Stuart, W. V., L
Chagnon, 8., L O'Brien, J., L Watson, W. H., L.
Cortelly, M. E., L O'Connell, R White, H., R
Corry, tu. C O'Conor Don, R Wyse, T., L
Dawson, Han. T. V., L
DID NOT VOTE-35.
Alexander, N., C Darner, Rt. Hon. G., C O'Connell, N., It
AieArchboid,
Cap R.,t
M., C Pfolliott. JR
ir
CB. A., L OPo'FerralL R. M.,
well, C.,
Armstrong, tar A., L Gore, W. B. 0., C Roche, L. 8., R
Boyd, Dr. J., C Hamilton, Lord C, C Seymour, Sir If. 8., C
Bridgeman, 11..,L Hates, Sir it. S., C Shirley, E. P., (7
Browne, lion. W., L Jones, Copt T., C Somerville, @kW. 11.,L
Callaghan, D., It Maher, N. it teem, Sir T., C
Chichester, Lord J., L Maxwell, Hon. J.P., C Weeteara,
Clemente, Vise., L Meynell, Capt., C White, 1..t.-001. 8., L
Collett,T., R Young, J., C
Coots, Sir C. H., C O'Connell, D., R

K-he , px,t)sls
•

MAILS.

Thc overland mail" for Gibraltar, Malta, Greene, the lonian Wands,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, 'long-Kong, and China, no nouUnimpton,
milk made up on the morning of the loth of February.
The overland doped mails, nn Marseillea, to the Mediterranean,
EMI, Aden, Ceylon, India, Itong Kong, he., will be =dr up on the
evening of the 24th February.
The mill for Vigo, Oporto, Liston, Madeira, Cadiz, nod Gibraltar,
will be made up on the morning of the 27th February.
The me/Is for New South Wales, Van Diemen'. Land, and New
Zealand will be made up on the evening of the Int March.
The Went India mails, including those foe Mexico, Honduras, and
the Savannah, will be mule up on the morning of the 2nd March.
The mails for IlritiPh North America, Bermuda, and the United
States, will be made up on the evening of the 3rd March.
The malls for the Brazils, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam-
buco, Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Ayres, will be mado op on the
evening of the 4th March.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
The Advertising Oases of the "DAILY NEWS" and "EXPRESS "
have teen REMOVED from 90, FLEET—STREEP to No. 10,
ROOVERIE:-.STREET, FLEET-STREET, contiguous to the Printing

:1;d"
PubilAing Mee.
WO sonnOt notice, in eny May, any communication that It sent ton.
anonymously ; but those erbochonee to iddrere os In confidence sill
End their oonfkience respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
T.) RETURN ANY MANUSCRIPT,4 WHATEVER.
••• Advertimententa Intended for The iirpress, London evening paper,
most be at the Office by Tem &close on the day of publication.

HIGH WATER AT LOSDON-BRIDGE.
Tan DAT—Morning, 37 eels. peat 9; Afternoon, 2.* min. put 4.
To-Moaaow—Mornunt, 41 seta. Feet 4; Afternoon, 9 min. pot 9.

LONDON, THURSDAY, FEB. 18.
Ar the morning sitting of the House of Commons
yesterday, the house having resolved itself into a
committee of supply, the sum of 18,310,7001. was
voted on account of outstanding exchequer•bills. On
the resumption of the house the adjourned debate on
the second reading of the Factories Bill was proceeded
with until nearly the hour of rising, when, on a divi-
sion on the question of a still further adjournment at
the instance of Mr. Escort, the proposition was lost
by a majority of 275 ; the house at once proceeding
to divide on the question of the second reading, which
was carried by a majority of 108.

THE present is certainly a most witless parlia-
ment It is brimful of logic, and seriousness, and
solemnity, and, no doubt, of a very large quantity of
talents and virtues. But it hes lost all sense of the
comic. And it is totally wanting in that talent, which
seizes the weak side of folly and pretension, exposes
it to ridicule, punishes with sarcasm, and kills with
a laugh. Oh! for an hour of SHERIDAN, or
SYDNEY SMITH! Did a tithe of their hu-
morous powers survive on the tip of any
tongue or in the bottom of any ink-horn, the
political tomfoolery which we see sprawling over
the House of Commons, exhausting its time, its
patience, and its propriety, could not exist an hoar.
Shades of BURKE and SHEIUDAN, PITT and Fox!
could ye have witnessed Lord GEORGE BENTINCK
getting up to answer PEEL, and gesticulating for
hours—hours of figures, but not tropes—to achieve
this task ! Only think of where, this lord and
politician by courtesy, emerged from but yester-
day, in order to ask the Howse of Commons for
sixteen millions, which he and Mr. HUDSON were to
invest in railroad shares, to feed the starving Irish!
Imagine the same politician coolly offering to take
the reins of government, on purpose to try this hope-
ful scheme ; and fancy the House of Commons so
dumb-foundered by the offer, that it knew not
whether to laugh or cry, and consequently didneither
No doubt the universal feeling of four-fifths of the
house was to burst into a laugh. But they wanted
the fuglemen, the wit, the dispenser of repartee, and
so all remained in decorous silence, and in a tolerance
which lulls the unfortunate chiefs of the protectionists
to imagine still that they are respected and accredited
statesmen. Ten minutes' explosion of humour ought
to have blown DISRAELI and BENTINCK with their
whole pack of railroad philosophy to the winds. But
whilst all the rest of the world travels by steam, par-
liament seems to have taken to the old heavy stage-
coach, and jogs along with all the slowness, but none
of the jokes and merriment, of that ancient conveyance.
So heavy were the roads on Tuesday night that the
wearied team did not get in till half-pest 3in the morn-
ing.
All the papers, Whig and tory, discover that PEEL
was very eloquent—no wonder, compared with his
neighbours. He stated the case with great clearness,
quietness, and common sense. He said nothing but
what every one knew, or might have known for the
mere trouble of asking no other than one's self. Sir
ROBERT made no bnlliant discovery—he dug up. no
hidden truth : he was neither imaginative nor im-
passioned, nor witty, nor profound : he merely spoke
the idea uppermost in every mind, and of course
every mind set him down as wondrous eloquent.
Yet it is a great success for Sir ROBERT. His aim
ie to eclipse the Liberals one iday. On Tuesday hie
effort was to show the immeasurable distance between
him and the leaders, whom the Conservatives had
given themselves. It was indeed " Oast to a wart."
In these displays of talent, this bidding for popular
admiration—for the debate has been nothing else—
ministers are not able to play any very brilliant part,
the burdens and the difficulties of office being upon
them. And Ireland with its starving millions seems
to haunt them like a spectre, and makes all their cou-
rage shrink to the mere task of exorcising it. They
were, moreover, obliged to follow the railroad league
through its windings of argument Mr. LABOUCHIRE
andthe CHANCELLOR fully refuted every objection, and
Pau did but repeat these refutations with his sual
addition of solemnity and order, and with the help of
those financial developments from which a minister
was precluded. All this made his success.
There is, however, one peculiarity of Sir ROBERT
PEEL which here deserves notice. It is a peculiaritj
to which he owes much of his success in debate : rt
is, that he always seeks to extinguish every plan

marked by novelty or grandeur. Ile is not for adven-
turing money either on waste lands, or on emigration,
or on railways. In short, we know not one of the per-
manent measures for Ireland likely to win his appro-
bation. Even drainage is little to his taste. In short,
the kissezfisire seems to be his motto in Irish policy,
at least in financial and material respects. His own
government cobbled and meddled with Irish griev-
ances and parties merely in a moral way. And as
far as physical suffering came is him to be dealt
with, he had no panacea leas simple or less
costly than alms. What Sir ROBERT PEEL
would have done in the present crisis does not ap-
pear. But moat certainly, from all he utters, we
should gather that his prevision and his remedies do
not extend beyond temporary measures, and the alle-
viation of existing distress. At permanent measures
he shakes his head, and seems as ready to " pooh
pooh" those of Lord Joux as of Lord GEORGE.

THAT the system of interfering between the manu-
facturer and the labourer whom he employs, and of
considering the factory operative as a slave in whose
behalf the legislature must make conditions, will gain
ground, and be extended from childhood to youth,
from female to male, and from youth to manhood,
there is little doubt. The principle is admitted, ex-
claim even those who first objected to it. And the
reason of the thing being thus got over, there is no
check nor limit save in experience. And restrictions
will indubitably be carried on, until they reach the
limit where work must stop. When they reach that
limit, or rather when manufacturing industry retro-
grades to meet it, the result will not be a stop, but a
collapse.
It is argued, however, that as manufacturing in-
dustry must one time or another reach its term,
sooner or later is not of such immense importance,
and that it is better it should reach its zenith
sooner without the extreme degradation of the
operatives whom it employs, than later with
that extreme degradation. It is evidently as-
sumed, though it is not alleged, that wages, if
given at all, must be such as will suffice for existence,
and as this point is deemed to be reached, the evident
opinion of the promoters of the bill is, that it will not
lower wages. The manufacturers cannot and durst
not lower wages. At the same time, whatever talk
there may be of the compromise of eleven hours, ten
hours will be fixed sooner or later. What the manu-
facturers, therefore, have to look for is, ten hours' work
for the same wages as twelve. That is the law
which the legislature is about to pass.
We must own, that in whatever way the mann-
facturers decide upon meeting this law, it fills us
with alarm. The competition runs stronger and
stronger against them in foreign markets. Must
they meet this competition from abroad, accom-
panied by restriction at home, with the invention of
new machinery, with such culling of labour and
allotment of wages, as will allow the single man to
Live, and leave the female population, which Mr.
FIELDEN would educate, to look for food in the work-
house, dragging thither those who have the misfortune
to be husbands? Or will these inhuman but inevit-
able efforts fail, or be too disgusting to be tried, and,
in order to avoid such alternatives, will the manu-
facturer close his mill ? The legislature evidently
thinks not, and will assuredly push its experimental
interference further than even a ien hours bill.
We mast own, that we look upon the principle of
interference as calculated to produce more pernicious
effects on the moral condition of the workman, eves
should it succeed in shortening the hours of labour
without reducing wages, than two hours a day vest
on education could redeem. It will teach him
to look to government, not to himself, to parties
in the legislature, not to his own prudence
and strict rights. With the poor-house to provide him
a refuge in age, with a factory law to prevent his being
overworked, with fair wages found him, what incen-
tive is left for industry, what difference can the future
hold forth for the sluggard or the industrious, the
talented or the simple ? The state furnishes all ne-
cessaries, morality included; whilst, to be consistent, it
must follow up the principle, and with Mr. PETER
BORTHWICK, regulate the hours and the kinds of
labour in the fields.
A similar spirit of legislation applied to Ireland
would forbid the potato and the conacre : a humane
prohibition. But as it would be necessary for the
government which prohibited the potato to find
wheat, or oats, or at least maize, to supply its place,
nay, to bring these to the mouths of the quondam
potato eaters, government, and even Mr. FERRAND,
will probably shrink from such an edict. And yet it
is one of precisely the same nature and principles as
the Ten Hours Bill.

IN an article on the admission of dissenters to the
universities we had recently occasion to discuss the
general character and inclinations of the heads of
houses. We stated that they were opposed to im-
provement, incapable of distinguishing the real ten-
dency of public opinion, and obstinately indifferent
to the wishes of the more intelligent members
of the university. A remarkable illustration of the
unfitness of those dignitaries to represent the interests
of a learned body, has been since afforded by the pro-
, ceedings consequent on the vacancy of the chancel-
'airship of Cambridge, occasioned by the death of the
Duke of NournumsEaLssn. While the great col-
leges and the members of the senate in general were
discussing the pretensions of various noblemen who
had been suggested as fit candidates for the vacant
honour, the heads of houses, without taking any steps
to ascertain the general feeling on the subject, met
together and drew up a requisition, in sufficiently
abject terms, requesting Prince ALBERT to allow him-
self to be put in nomination. By a very unscrupulous
exercise of their influence, and. by appealing to the
natural unwillingness of individuals to show even an
apparent want of respect to the hueband of the
Queen, the heads have since prevailed on a large
number of the resident members of the senate to
sign the requisition in question.
Before this officious and sycophantic proceeding of
the heads was known, an application had been made
by the master and fellows of St. John's College to
the Earl of Pow's to become a candidate, and that
nobleman has already published his acceptance of the
offer. He is, we believe, popular with many mem-
bers of the university, in consequence of the success of
his exertions in favour of the maintenance of the see
of St. Asaph. We are not aware, that he has any
other remarkable claims to the distinction to which
he aspires. Personally respectable, and moderate in
politics, he is neither better nor worse than many
other wealthy noblemen, who might have been chosen
to present to the crown the customary Cambridge
addresses of condolence and congratulation on royal
births and deaths. The interests of learning and
education have seldom been represented in the
House of Lords by the Chancellor of Cambridge.
Among the NEWCASTLES and GRAIPTONS, tne
GLOUCESTERS and CAMDEN% some have been
illiterate, and none accomplished. They have
received adulation from university dignitaries,
which has probably increased their natural con-
tempt for learning, and which has not unfrequently
attained its reward in the distribution of Liahoprica
The late Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND was one of the
most respectable of the class; and probably Lord
I Powis may, as a man of business, be better qualified
for the office than his deceased relative. We should
not, however, have thought his claims worth advo-
cating, or the disposal of the Chancellorship worth
discussing, if there was a mere contest between two
harmless noblemen, the Earl Gyases or Marquis
• Cloanthuses of the House of Lords. It is only spinet
a public and ostentatious proclamation of servility and
prostration to rank, on the part of the university, that
we protest.
It is most unfortunate that Prince ALBERT'S name

should be brought in question on this occasion. With-
out disputing any of the qualities which may be
attributed tohis royal highness by the officious func-
tionaries who have put him forward, we may boldly
ask whether any person, in or out of Cambridge, sup-
poses that any consideration but that of his high rank
and possible power to reward indivitlual supporters,
has weighed in the minds of his proposers. If the
university has any object to forward, if it would in-
troduce innovation or resist innovation; if it would
retire more rigidly into its ecclesiastical observances,
or extend its ambition to rival continental learning
whatever it would do, or prevent, or promote, Pnnce
ALBERT is precluded, by his position, from assisting,
guiding, or directing it. The crown is the visitor of
many of the colleges, and, for many purposes, of the
university itself. It is probable that whenever great
academical changes are attempted, the determination
of the relative rights of the crown and of the univer-
sity will lead to much discussion and, perhaps, colli-
sion. In what state will the university then find
itself, with its chief functionary identified in public

opinion with the crown itself.' Ile could not, with.
out shocking public opinion, resist the crown; he
could not, without a breach of duty, coal,
promise the privileges of the university. For
the sake of procuring for a few heads et
houses some royal marks of favour, which
we hope they will be disappointed in calculating
upon, the university is to be subjected to the risk of
unjust interference, the public to the risk of undoe
influence used to prevent just interference., and the
crown itself is to be compromised by an unnecessary
connexion with interests, with respect to which g
ought to enjoy the position of an impartial =eh".
On the indecorum of bringing forward Prime
ALBERT'S name, without first ascertaining ahe
general feeling, we need not remark.
The conduct of the heads of houses has, we believe.
united all those who object to it in support of Lai
Pow's. A meeting has been held at the Britt/
Coffee-house, at which resolutions to that effect wens
passed with the agreement of persons of different poll.
tical parties. Whatever the effect maybe, it is a ueefal
protest
.against an unauthorised attempt to involve the
Senate in an act of awkward and uncalled for servility.
That in England learning should be preferred to rank
in academic estimation is not to be expected, and all
custom would lead to the selection of a wealthy peer
for the highest university office. That Lord Powis
is an active man of business, possessed of respectable
abilities, is a happy accident. lle is selected for his
wealth and rank: but be at least possesses the nega-
tive qualifications of being in a private and therefore
independent position, of having been educated at the
university, and of possessing, probably, a general
knowledge of its character and objects. The reve-
rence of Cambridge for station and fortune will be
sufficiently gratified by his election, and not forced
into unwonted extravagance by being brought into
humble contact with the ultra-royal etiquette which
may perhaps be becoming in a court.

Mr. Iluctes motion respecting the guarantee un-
dertaken by England for the debt due from Holland
to Russia, comes on for discussion to-night. The
treaty of Vienna was confessedly violated by the
separation of Belgium from Holland, but that separa-
tion took place on a full understanding between all
the powers, that the alteration was exceptional,
and that the other stipulations of the treaty were
not to be invalidated. This agreement became
necessarily modified, when the division of the king.
dom of the Netherlands became the subject of a
separate treaty between Great Britain and Russia.
This treaty was signed at London on the 11th NOV.,
1831. It sets forth that, whereas a convention
had been entered into on 19th May,lBlo, the objectot
which was to afford Great Britain a guarantee that
Russia would identify her policy with that of
England on all questions regarding Belgium, while
on the other hand England secured to Russia the
payment of an old debt due from Holland, and that
the change made in the constitution of the kingdom
of the Netherlands had disturbed the complete agree-
ment between the spirit and the letter of that conven-
tion ; it was desirable to renew it. By the treaty of
November, 1831, Great Britain renewed her guarantee
of the debt, on condition that Russia bound herself to
contract no other engagement prejudicial to the hide-
pendence of Belgium.
In other words, the treaty of Vienna was broken by
the mutual consent of Russia and Great Britain as re.
larded Belgium, but was to remain in force as far as
its other stipulations were concerned. Besides the
independence of Cracow, therefore, the minor stipula-
tions regarding this Dutch debt, as also the intangibi-
lity ofthe Monte Napoleon at Milan, or the consolidated
property of the pious and charitable foundations of
Lombardy, were to remain binding on Great Britain
and Russia, as had been fixed by the treaty of Vienna.

ROME, FEB. 4.
In addition to the sum of about 2,000!., contributed
by natives and visitors of this metropolis, for the
moribund population of Ireland, there is an announce-
ment to-day of a grand subscription ball, to be given
in the Senators' Halls, in the Roman Capitol. 'Tie
many a century since this classic citadel was visited
by Brennus, whom the " nation" claims as one of its
own Celtic chieftains; but it seems never too late to
acknowledge an old obligation. The resident nobility,
ably seconded by his Grace of Devonshire, are most
active in promoting this kindly effort.
The new goa ernor pursues his career of town
reforms, taking Florence still for his model. In that
city, until some years ago, as in ours, in rainy wea-
ther, the streets were, at stated intervals, enlivened
by miniature cataracts from projecting spouts, which
sometimes discharged a volume of water equal to
any waterfall in Switzerland, and washed an
occasional footman bodily from behind a carriage.
All these memorials of medieval architecture are to be
forthwith removed at the sole expense of the house
proprietors, who are not allowed to charge their
tenants with a farthing cost ; the eaves•droppings are
to be conveyed in pipes to within one foot of the
ground.
Cases of suicide are proverbially rare in Rome:
whether there be anything in the genius loci adverse
to the commission of the "rash act," or whether the
aspect of our mouldering ruins has somethingsoothing
to the mind diseased, I do not profess to say. It
certain that an old Roman general felt resigned to
his defeat while seated amid the ruins of Carthage,
who would, probably, have fallen on his own sword
in a gayer locality ; and as a French poet observes—
Et ores deux panda debris Pe oonnoLvent enteeur.
It is a matter of statistic truth that in this "city of
the soul" to which " the orphans of the heart" have
resorted long before the days of Byron, self-murder
has ever been of rare occurrence. Two days ago,
- of

however, the Piazza di Spagna was the scene ... a
strange transaction. An author of several treatises
on educational matters, who had lived some years in
London and Paria,where his name is probably not for-
gotten, Angelo Cerrutti, after spending the last few
months in composing his autobiography, which fills
two octavo volumes, and having caused supplies of
the work to be distributed for sale at the various
booksellers' shops throughout the city, on the morn-
ing of the 2nd inst., ordered a number of bill-stickers
to placard all Rome with the title of the said antobio-
graphy, "seritta lui rirente ;" and while they were
executing his job in all directions, he quietly at noon
New his brains out.
For the information of some of your metropolitan
sectors of parishes, whose pious wrath is wreaked, is
the refusal of sepulchral rites, on the relatives of the
ere
, I hasten to acquaint you that in Rome, by
a decree of Pope Benedict XIV., suicides are declared
to be, by the very act, proven madmen ; and, as each.
entitled, as well as dying lunatics, to the full benefit
of Christian burial, and are here buried acooldingly.

FRANCE.—Tea FLORES EXPEDITTON.—The
Mare de Bayonne contains the following : " For some drys
put several men have been observed wandering about oar
streets in tattered uniforms of a yellow colour, and present-
ing a most wretched appearance. We understand that they
are French subjects who had been enrolled for the expedi-
tion of General Flores, but which has bees abandoned.
There were about 100 Frenchmen enrolled, and 1,500
Spaniards, all of whom are now dispersed."
SWITZERLAND.—The Union Monarchique says:
—" We learn from a certain source that the Ron of Sir B.
Peel, who is ad interim charged wirh the direction of the
English embassy in Switzerland during the absence of Mr.
Monier, has received instructions from Lord Palmerston to
signify to the Vurort his approval of the answer made by the
Federal Diet to the collective note of the three northern
powers. This makes another difference between the cabinet
of Paris and London, M. Ouieot having directed the French
legation in Switzerland not to approve of the said reply."
GERMANY.—PIWBSIA.—Tun UNITED DIST•—•
The following decree wu published at Berlin on the Bth
" We, Frederick William, King of Prussia, &c.—By the
decree relative to the institution of the states of the 3rd d
this mouth, and by other decrees of the same date, we 4.-
dared our intention to unite In one diet the eight mono-
cle' diets of our monarchy, not only as often as the wants
of the state should require new loans or an augmented:toe
of existing taxes, but also for other important affairs of the
state. The financial administration, which has bees in per-
fect order during a long and moat happy peace, cans fer
such a union ; bat ea there are important subjects of a us-
tura to be diceanad by the invited diet, and as we feel, be.
sides, the neerseasiamarking the important event of the
formation of central assemblies of states, by uniting
around us the states of our monarchy, we have re-
✓olved to open in person, in our capital and residence cd
Berlin, the united diet, on Sunday, the 11th April of til+,
year ; and we charge the Ministry of State to cause the said
diet to be convokedby the Minister of the Interior, and to
make the other necessary iptreparstions.—Given at Berlin the
Bth February. (Signori) " FRIDRItIen WILLIAM.
TUNIS.—The Slide says : " It is asserted that the
government has received important despatches from Tunis,
among which is a note from the Prime Minister of the Bey
to our Charge d'Affaires, depicting the usious embarrass'
ments into which the Bey is thrown by the conduct of the
Porte, and asking France to make a serious and firm declara-
tion in his femur, in accordanee with the promises made W
him by the ministry. This note is said to have thrown M.
Guixot into a state of great agitation."

ANIEItICA.—FIRE IN BOsTON.—On the night of
the 28th January a greet fire broke out in Baotou, by which
*hundred builihnite were destroyed. The fire Ant began in
the bowling saloon attached to the Neptune house in Haver-
hillktreet, and owing to a strong westerly wind the con-
flagration spread with alarming speed from street to meet.
From 11averhill.street it reached through to Beverley-street
and Medi; rd-street, both of • ,eh were completely Lii.l
,mare. Thatcher-street was the next to stiffer, and there
erreral largo buildings were totally burnt down. The fire
was got under lifter much exertion on the morning of the
vrh. The amount of damage is not stated.—New Fork
Son.
SUPPLIES FROM NEW ORLEANS.—The following
to a statement of the probable amount of provisions that will
tome to New Orleans from the Ist of September past to the
31st of August, 1847. It is impossible to .ay with any ac-
curacy what portion of it will reach England, al large ships
cannot get to New Orleans for went of a sufficien• depth of
water at the entrance of the Mississippi. Tiuis ditfiiulty will
be orerconie next year by the recent discovery of Cat Island
Harbour, where vessels of the largest class •an be rulmittid
and laden with grain and provisions, this tine harbour he ng
connected with a short railroad of only 48 miles in length,
by which the produce landed from the river Mississippi can
be put on board in less than three hours' travel, &c. :
Bushels. Quarters.
Wheat in barrel. MI sacks
Flour in barrels
bow, eare in elm in bulk . 400,000 „ 1,200,1.00 „ 148,000
Ditto rbeilol in sack:
Dino meal in barrels
oats, barrels and saris 300,000 „ NOO,OOO „ 11'2400

1,606,000
1,500,000 quarters of grain of emery description, to which may be
added some pray toiler, and potatoes to small quantities ; Moo
61,000 make of heron, 0,000 mita of Num, 500,001 M. weight of
hams in bulk, 45,000 barrels and kegs of butter, 400,000 barrels sea
maks of salted pork, 1,000,000 Mi. weight in bulk of lulled pork,
00 barrels and times of salted beef, 110,00 a barrels of lard,
350,000 Pegsof lard. The total estimate of the value of products
teought to New Orkans this year, including saw, molarses, cotton,
too hemp, bey, tallow. Mora, lumber, etc., inay be set down at
90,000,11/0 of dallars.--Slts*Eard.

COLONIAL-
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—The WAR Is Km,
PIRLAND—(Frum the South African Commercial Advertiser
of Dec. 19.)—1n the last Gazette some official notices bring
the authentic history of the Kaifu war down to the begin-
ning of the present month. These, as well as many unofficial
communicatiuus induce the hope that hie excellency may
have it now fairly in his power, and also in his intention, to
subdue and secure Kaffirland, without suffering any material
check, though innumerable details involved in the new
arrangements may give an appearance of dilatorinesa to his
proceedings. It is nut his design to make a solitude, end
cull it peace. He will not be satisfied with the submission
of the Kaffir chiefs. The work before him is more compre-
hensive. His purpose is to establish in the new territory a
numerous population, under laws and with institutions con-
sistent with justice and freedom, restrained as well as pro-
tected by a well-diatributesl force. A private letter states
that the chief Maeomo, now at Block Drift, has become insane.
Like his father Gallia, this maa was endowed with great na-
tural !Officio, but, as in the eas- of his father, he has fallen
a victim to intemperance. Ploughing and sowing have
eimmenced on the border, though the gun beside the plough-
man, and the powder-horn and shot-belt girt round his
body, show bow secure the borderer yet feels after the
storm of war.
From the Frontier Times : From Col. Somerset's camp
we have news up to yesterday, on which day Umbels ar-
rived with some of his followers. Of the object of his visit
we are not informed. A convoy of mule and horse waggons
with supplies reached town, with a number of loose mules
for frontier service. Cape mail arrived this afternoon. We
have information from Upper Kaffir Drift to the 28th inst.
We learn that Field-Captain H. Bowker has had
many night patrols out lately. Two parties of Kaffir' had
been morn at a distance, and also the spoor of three other
pieties, ell returning to Katerland. No spoor of Kaffirs had
been seen entering the colony since Mr. Bowker's arrival.
The old wal:s of the post had been built up, and all the men
had been comfortably hutted. We are sorry, but not sur-
prised, to learn that Sir A. Stoekenstrom has resigned his
appointment of Commandant-General of the Burgher forces.
The Brilliant arrived at Port Elizabeth on 'Thursday last,
having on board for government 40,0001. and stores.
NOTICE.

Head Quarter., Camp near Fort Hare, Dec. 2, 1846.
Since publishing the notice of Colonel Somerset's suc-
cessful patrols in October last, the forces in the field have
been engaged in clearing the ceded territory, scouring the
deep klooft which intersect it, and sending out patroles to
harem the enemy wherever an opportunity of doing so was
offered. The following were the principal of these opera-
tions
1 Several patroles were made by the Ist division under
Lieutenant-Colonel Johnstone, 27th Regim, at, between the
1 lth September and the '23d October. In these about 22 of
the enemy were killed, several stand of arms, 114 horses,
and 475 head of cattle were taken ; 7,450 sheep also were
recaptured.
2. On the 14th October a patrole was made by Captain
Hogg in the Tambookie country, on which occasion the
spirited conduct of Lieut. Fitzgerald, of her Majesty's 91st
Regiment, was brought to his excellency's entice. In this
meteor nt twenty-seven horses and about seventy head of
cattle were captured, and eight of the enemy slain.
3. On the 221 October, and on the 3rd and 4th Novem-
ber, Sir Andreas Stockenstrom sent out patroles under the
command of Field Captain Read of the Kat River. During
these op:rations, Fie d Captain Read reports that forty-
six K affirm wire kill, d, and 1,500 head of cattle, and 1,000
goats were taken. Field Captain Read's services are men-
tioned in very favourable terms by Sir Andreas Stocken-
strom
4. His excellency has received the fol'owing report of a
patrol conducted by Colonel Semen-et, C.M.R. :
(EXTRACT.]
" Camp on the Chalumna, Nov. 24, 1846.
" Sir,-1 have the honour to acquaiut you for the infor-
mation of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, that I
marched for the Beka at 6 a.m. on the morning of the
22ad inst., and encamped with the troops ea the Wanahanna
stream, live miles dem. the Kieskamma. At eight cm. I
was joined by Captains Moultrie, Hogg, and Bouchier, with
400 men ; halted all day, and at six p.m. I marched with the
following force —two gurii Royal Artillery, under Captain
Burnaby, one troop 7th Dragoon Guards, under Captain Sir
Harry Darell,lso Cape Mounted Rides, under Captain Ka-
pier, 150 of the 73rd Regiment, under Lieut: Colonel Van
der Meulen, the troop of burghers under Commandant Nie-
kerk, one company of Size's Levy, under Capt. Head:mote,
one Fingoe Legion, under Capt an Bird. to proceed to the
Kieskamma. I detached Lieutenant-Colonel Maddened
to the Shonshou Drift on the Kieskamma, with one com-
pany of the 73rd Regiment, one company of Sine's Levy,
under Captain Lange, and 300 of the Swellendam Native
Corps, under Captains Hogg and Beuchier. I directed
the whole of these troops to move at day-dawn
across the Kieskamma, and attack the enemy's kraals I
on the left bank of the river, and scour the valley of the
Shoushou to the K icakamma height. Moving with the
guns, cavalry force, and 71rd Regiment et four cm., I ad-
vanced up to the height of the Kieskamma, and bringing our
right shoulders forward, I detached the C.M. Rifles and
burghers to the flanks. The troops attacked the enemy's
kraals at the upper source of the Chalumna, and after a most
fatiguing march of ten hours, the several parties returned,l
having captured above 900 head of cattle end 16 horses and
mares. About tour p.m. the parties detached to scour the
valleys of the Shoushou debouched from the bush, having cap-
tured from seven to eight hundred head of cattle and a few
horses. I regret to state that privates Isaac Tiernan and I
Adam Dragooner, C.M. Rifles were unfortunately killed
at Nonibesiraid. Luse men having proceeded a-head of
their party, were incautiously talking to some women at a
kraal, when • body of the enemy rushed out of a kloof and
fell upon them, Private Tiernan shooting one of the enemy
after having received a ball through his body. These men
I buried at Nonibi's kraal. Although the beat was exces-
sive, the troops went through the duties of this fatiguing
day with their usual activity. A large body of mounted
Kafttrs having shown themselves on some high ground
above the Tamaka, Captain Burnaby opened hie gun upon
them, which speedily dispersed them.
" During tho whole of these operations I received every
desistance from the officers commanding corps, and all the
officers; and from Major Stocks, and the officers of the
staff. The troops were, as usual, moat active and intelli.
gent, and performed their work with great cheerfulness. I
have the honour to transmit Lieut-Col. Mackinnon's report.
About thirteen of the enemy were kill( d during the day.
" I have the honour, ft.c. (Signed) H. SomEneirr, Col.
" To Lieut.-Col. Cloete, K.H., iftc."
5. His excellency ban received the following report of
patrole from the Ist division, under Lieut.-Col. Slade, on the
lot rose. :
" Camp, Block Drift, Dec. 1 1846.
" Sir,—l have the honour to report to you, for the infor-
mation of the commander-in-chief, that in compliance with
instructions received from his excellency in person, I, at
two, cm., this morning, caused the columns, as detailed in
the margin, to parade for the purpose of patrolling in search
of cattle.
" I had also directed Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, Re-
serve Battalion 91st Regiment, stationed at Fort Cox, to
make a sortie at the same hour for • similar purpose. I
enclose the reports of Lieutenant-Colonel Johnstone, 27th
Regiment, of Lieutenant-Colonel Erskine, Reserve Bat-
talion 45th Regiment, and Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell,
Reserve Battalion 91st Regiment.
" I myself accompanied the let column, and proceeded
up the right bank of the Churnie for nearly six miles,
when we crossed that stream, and bringing up our left
shoulders we swept the country until we reached the point
of rendezvous ex selected by his excellency. The column
under my immediate command captured 668 head of cattle,
32 horses, 98 goats, and a vast number of calves, 6 guns,
and several bundles of assegais. Thirteen of the enemy were
slain, amongst whom (I am informed) was Yoka, the chief
of one of the kraals we swept, and • valued councillor of
SandßlL
" The cattle and horses captured by the several columns are
as follows: Lieut.. Col. Slade, 668 cattle, 32 horses; Lieut.-
Col. Johnstone, 332 cattle, 16 hones; Lieut-CoL Erskine,
274 cattle, 8 hones; Lieut.-Col. Campbell, 106 cattle, 9
horses. Making a grand total of captured cattle, 1,419;
home, 62 ; goats, 98. Killed of the enemy, 14.
"These operations were performed without any casualty
00 001. aide ; and the troops returned to the camps between.
9 and 10 a.m.
". From the reports made to me, I have every moome, to
believe that all these of the enemy who fell upon this Gem-
non were slain in resistance to her Majesty's troops.
" I have the honour, &c. &e. &c.,
(Signed) " M. J. Soatte, Lt.-Col., Com. let Div.
" Lieut. Col. Cloete, K.H., tic."
Many other patroles of minor importance, made in the
course of this period, have been conducted with great spirit.

Amongst the officers whose exertions on those occasions
have been brought to his excellency's notice are Lieutenant
Bisset and Ensign Salk C.M.It.; Field-Captains Arlitfe,
Bidilulph, Conway, O'Brien, Rom', and Stubbs, and Field-
Lis utenant Cumming, dte.
The troops of all descriptions, including the new ly arrived
companies of her Majesty's 73rd Regiment, emplus ti in the
movements made by the let and find divisions, nisv e con-
ducted themselves in a highly creditable manner.
The commander-inthiet has been pleased to direct 4t
the military post now in the course of erection near 3
Drift shall be named Fort Hare, after the late Neatens., :-
governor and colonel commanding the forces in the eastern
districts, in record of that distinguished officer's long ser-
vices in the British army, and his recent administration of
I the eastern province of the colony.
Sir Andreu Stockenstrom having tendered his resignation
of the command of the Burgher forces, the commander-in-
I chief has been pleased to accept it. Sir Andreas retires with
the thanks of his excellency for the great personal exertions
which he has made, and the servic:s rendered by him during
the tiling circumstances of the last seven months.
Citantes L MAITLAND,
Capt. Greo. Guards, Assist-Military Secretary.