The Express.
London, England, 1847-04-12 00:00:00

NOTICE.

and Perth

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openthe
71
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Eh, Cronltii•

MAILS.

The Wed Li sad* asaindlag thane for Made, Mesihrm, and
be amnesia. Tabs mmie up. the ravening Mate 17th April.
The mai thr Milim osr Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar,
be iamb ula enthe el the 17th April.
The MAYO, , Malta, Greece, the lambs Wanda,
amt. Aims Ombe. kiklikag.Kaeg, and China, via lleatimapten,
Mil be awls as the sairsingel Übe Nth April.
The dame walk de Mareeinsa. to the Mediterranean,
=,:ikaem . CM! AFL lad* Mai Ilaw. it win w made up on the
MIN
The ma. br New nee& Wain. Van Ilisames lend, and New
Zealand will be made am es Ss 4r=it Nab April.
th
The man. for !arida North Bermuda, sad e United
Mabee, sal be made op on the Make the Srd May.
The mall. for the Brzenk the Ow Plate, Monte Tide°, Perm,
tay and Drier Ares, .111 be mad* lip ea Um

•.• Advortiorma
art In at air

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
di Winded for The Ewa" Leedom @vadat Part,
Mae by Tea dank as Os day of pablieatke.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-lIRIDOZ.
—Maribor, IS W. post II ; Atiernoce. OW. pot 0.
—Kornlim OW. peat 0 ; Afteraoce, AEA past 0

LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 12.

THE obstinate disregard of law, the contempt of
authority, the perverse desire to work out all things,
whether modes of life, of contract, of justice, and re-
tribution, precisely in the direction and by ways pro-
hibited and --"'"Anced by.government,—these

are the charaetsuistiss exchisiiely of the pea-
sant or Celtic rasp In Ireland. They are jest as
flagrant, and at this moment still more flagrant, is the
upper and Saxon classes of Ireland—or landlords and
influential gentry—than amongst the poor.
There is a struggle going on throughout a great
portion of Ireland of the proprietorial classes against
government, and in this struggle these classes are en-
couraged and directed by their organs. The Repeal
Association was not more active in banding the lower
and middling orders of the Irish against English rule
than the new landlord repeal party—for it is no less —in
setting the property of Ireland in a crusade of passive
resistance against government. Such recommendations
are too welcome and too easily followed, not to suc-
ceed; for the Irish squire has bat to fold his arms and
look sullenly and idly on, to mar every scheme and
intention of the government.
The labour rate has not only failed, but been con-
verted into such a monstrous system of out-door relief,
that change or reduction is a problem of the greatest
difficulty and danger. The proprietor class clamours
against ont.door relief, yet when measures are taken
for diminishing the amount, doing away with an idle
libour test, and an expensive staff, the Irish resi-
dent declines the duty of serving on relief committees;
and this in so many localities as to endanger the mea-
sure altogether.
It is very singular that the Irish should clamour
SD much for self-government, yet whenever or
wherever the opportunity of self-management is
held forth, it is declined. We admit that the task
of serving out daily broth to a ..pulation, and
striking rates to pay for it, on ..oet the same
population, or a clans very much skin to it, is
not pleasant. But, if the better and comfortable
classes of Irish will not form relief eommittees—will

cast act u poor-lav;:*gu;rdiansL;hai-i; to
17;done?
You cannot certainly force a country to be free ;
you cannot force millions to undertake the task of
self-government, or any portion of that task. If the
landlords are too much afraid of the peasantry,
and the peasantry of the landlords; and if
the middlemen and tenants are too much
afraid of both to undertake any one office
of local administration, what is to be done?
Nothing, but to govern Ireland like a country in the
remote age of cinlisation—dictatorially, doing every-
thing for it that it will not do for itself, nominating
every functionary, down to the village bailiff, cen-
traluung all for the sake of simplicity, economy, and
order.

We are as great enemies of centralisation and dic-
tatorship u any, but if a country will have no other
system, will help to work no other system—if, of the
body- of landlords, in a time of national famine and
bankruptcy, one half declares they will only take
care of their own property, whilst the other half de-
clines even doing that—if the middle class hoard
and fatten by the general distress and its high prices,
protesting against any general tax which would reach
commercial and profesaional income—if the poor want
energy to till each his own acre, unless they be paid
for doing so—what is to be done for inch a country,
but to treat it as an infant, and provide for it, putting
its property under the same tutelage ?
We have feared from the first, indeed, that any
local administration, such as that required by the
poor-law, was impossible in the south and west.
Still, no government could act upon such a supposi-
tion, without giving the country and its classes a fair
trial• The principle of a poor-law must be carried
out in Ireland, viz., its property must provide for its
poverty. The question was, whether Irish property
might not do this itself—its gentry and its middle
clam—from its own machinery. That such could be
done we find an example in the county of Wexford,
where a " Landlord and Tenant Association" has been
formed. The following extract from its first address
will show its purport and aim :

.
The particular stem of relief afforded hitherto is about
to cease, and a new mode of providing for the pressing
wants of the class referred to will speedily come into

•

~
1 THE EXPtESS' MONDAY
o. °1

rrio. Under that spite's, the istples pepokthet of
ot7etry will, if unemployed, he fird he idleness. Thecon-
sequence will be, fist, a heavy tax., from the expenditure of
which no profitable return will arise; secondly, the demos
lixation and degradation of the lower ranks of society, whose
habits of dependence, teas acquired, will render taxation
under the new poor-law a burden too heavy for the
country to bear. Two remedies present themselves,
industrial profitable employment for the surplus labouring
population, and emigration. The latter is a slow
mode of relief ; not to be neglected, but too slow
to have the requisite effect. The former is that alone of
which we con at the moment avail ourselves to the extent
required. To provide this remedy general exertion will be ne-
meaty. By the union of all, the burden falling upon each
will be comparatively light. We therefore recommend that
all landowners and occupiers throughout this country should
meet, and consult without delay upon the best mode of im-
mediately eyeing the surplus labourers of this country to
work. To curry out this it is necessary that absentee pro. I
prieturs should send authorised representatives to call toge-
ther, consult, and art in unison with the tenant farmers of
the county. Likewise that all persons having direct or in-
direct interest in leaded property should join in aid. An
unequal share of burden will is many cases occur—risk will
threaten in others ; but there can be no pause when the only
alternative involves the country and its inhabitants iu degra-
dation and ruin. This committee will meet on the first
Thursday of every month, to secure unity of action throug`i-
out the country. The relief committees of the several pear
law electoral divisions of the county have been requested to
act in conjunction with the bar. nial committees, as centres
of action in their several districts, These committees will
search out means of employment of a general nature, such as
enlarged fisheries, reclamation of uncultivated tract', &c
Such a mode as this of obviating the poor-law
and its consequences we can understand and applaud.
But the lying passive, the refusing to serve or to aid,
and the leaving the country and its population flounder-
ing between a labour rate and a soup pot, because,
forsooth, government will not undertake to pay the
peasant for cultivating the land—this is a mixture of
supineness and perversity which fully entitles
government to supersede local authority altogether,
and to go even the length of partial confiscation. It
is idle to enter upon the consideration of waste lands,
or poor-law rating. The first thing tribe provided is
the machinery for carrying into effect any law of
relief, any male of employ, any means of improve-
ment. If the landlords abdicate all public cares, if the
middle class ignore all public ditties, what course is
government to pursue ? By inciting and hallooing
on the middle class against the higher, it might,
indeed, find zealous instruments. But government
very aaturally shrinks from using those weapons
which its adversaries do not scruple to employ.
An anxious and difficult problem has been solved in
the question of supply. That is now abundant, and
fears of deficiency disappear. This was one-half
of the Irish difficulty. But of what use is provision to
a country where labour will not earn, when those who
have the substance hesitate to lay it out in profitable
labour, and sit still because government may want the
power or the will to gratify every ignorant caprice.
Food is heaped into Irish ports, and the starving
peasantry demand it. But the country lack the
stewards to organise the only ante, natural, and
industrial mode of distribution.

THE amen opposition to the general desire of
every thinking and philanthropic mind, to extend
education in the only way that it can be, at present,
extended to the poor and the rustic lower classes, re-
sembles much the sudden and daring attack of a
body of light horse upon an army one hundred times
their weight and number. The audacity and rapidity
of the move at first astonished the mass against
which it was directed. They could not believe that
an attack so outrageous could be made without being
supported by great numbers and superior tactics; and
in fear that they might be overcome, many gave way
before a handful, and the more timid surrendered their
reason and self-possession to the bold men who threat-
ened to carry away both. A little time has enabled the
public to come to a cooler consideration of both aides.
People have been enabled to count the number, see
through the sophisms, test the figures both of speech
and arithmetic, and, above all, weigh the melancholy
results to education, which these opponents of it
would inflict; and the result has been, that man after
man, and body after body, rally to the government
measure. One day it is the Free Church of Scotland,
another it is the Wesleyan. Even in the very strong-
holds of the anti-educationists we see their influence
exploded. We saw what took place at Wakefield.
Their attempts to pack a meeting at Birmingham we
expose in this day's paper. At Bradford, the working
dams, assembled to the number of 1,500, has declared
loudly in favour of the government plan, minus six
hands. In short, the reaction is general, and strong
in proportion to the weakness which, on their first
surprise, the educationists evinced.
On this day the common council of the City of
London is to record its oyinions on the proposed
ministerial plan of education ; the evidence of the
metropolitan police courts, the frequent deplorable
scenes in our criminal courts, and the shocking spec-
tacles which meet oar eyes in the public streets, too
sadlrove the increase of juvenile delinquency, and
I too flagrantly connect that increase with juvenile mis-
I education, for us to entertain a moment's doubt of
their decision. With Leeds we are not so well ac-
quainted; it is probably another Eden of innocence
and prosperity, if we may judge from the nonchalant
discarding of education by its town qpuncil. In Lon-
don we can boast of ao such primitive perfection : the
municipal authorities have honourably aided the go-
verement in conferring the blessings of education
upon the pauper and the felon, and they are not
likely to be the dupes of a logic which declares that
paupers and felons are more worthy the attention of
the government than the industrious or the honest.
To state fairly the great question before the country
is to decide it in the mind of every rational man, not
misled by faction, not duped by the most perverse mis-
representations
On looking over the various phases which the
opposition to the minutes of council has assumed, we
find the differences between the classes of opponents
more startling than those which divide the great
majority from the government. Were it fairly pro-
posed to the coming conference : " Ought such a sys-
tem of state education as was established by the pil-
grim fathers in America, and as now exists in the
United States, to be unhesitatingly rejected by the
people of England ?" we doubt whether the affirmative
would be carried. But Mr. BAINES'S propositions go
to the full extent of thin affirmative ; he denies alto-
gether the duty of the state to educate its citizens,
and the right of citizens to be educated by the state :
now we humbly submit that this is the very first
question which such a conference ought to decide, and
we confess that we cannot comprehend the means by
which the difficulty can be evaded.
The dissenters, taken as a body, are certes not ,
united in the opposition to the ministerial measure.
The dignified and deliberative course pursue) by the
educational committee of the Wesleyan methodists,
in spite of the bitter taunts and insidious flatteries ad-
dressed to their body by rival sectaries, led us to
anticipate their ultimate adoption of a religious and
rational instead of a factious course. The acqui-
escence in the ministerial measure of the committee of
the British and Foreign School Society—a body to
which public education is so very deeply indebted—
showed that the simulated apprehensions of pre-
tended patriots had made no impression upon their
minds : and the readiness to accept government aid
implied by the adoption of • report in which the be-
neficial purposes to which an educational grant might
be applied, by unanimous vote of the congrega-
tionalist union in the summer of last-year, even now
leads us to believe, that the Mr. BAINES of May,
1846, will have more followers among his own body
than the Mr. BAINES of April, 1847.
There is, however, more reason for regret than
surprise at the opposition of Mr. Bailees and his
associates. When did volunteer legislators and
volunteer managers of the public money ever cheer-
fully resign their power or their trust ? Mr. BAINES
is the leading member of a committee which abso-
lutely exercises all the powers that he describes as
unconstitutional and dangerous in the Committee of
Council. his committee fixes the amount of salaries
—which he calls bribes—to schoolmasters ; supports
that system of inspection which, in other hands bat
his own, he regards as slavish ; and confers those
rewards on monitors and diligent pupils which, if be-
stowed by another committee, he avers would lead
to general corruption. In other words, Mr. BAINES
is a member of the Congregational Educational
Committee, and is not a member of the State Educa-
tional Committee, and to him, though not to us, this
makes all the difference in the world. Had he not
been unconsciously misled by his position, a man of
his talents could not have failed to see the inconsis-
tency of requiring the government to establish
schools in prisons and workhouses, while all aid is to
be refused to the meritorious and the struggling por-
tion of the community. Sn soon as Mr. BAINES dis-
covers that to be prauked up in a little brief authority
is no very worthy object of ambition; that to be

EVENING, APRIL 12. 1847.

autocrat over her-starved schoolmasters and dictator
to feebly-managed schools is a position more calcula-
ted to feed puerile vanity than to justify manly pride,
we have no doubt that he will allow his better reason
to have sway, and that he will seek to place his fel-
low-countrymen in the position of demanding., as a
right, what they are now compelled servilely to
accept as a boon.
Another reason for the present opposition, known
to us from the beginning, has been recently pro-
claimed at Manchester, and we are therefore exone-
rated from the delicacy which rendered us reluctant
to refer to it before. A section of the nonconformists
has long been uneasy end dissatisfied, being haunted
with the idea that they have no political standing in
the country, no recognizable existence as a powerful
party ; their cry has been Let us make us a name,
lest we be scattered over the face of the earth !"

A third source of opposition has been indicated in
the report of the Congregational Education Committee.
It appears that, in some places, unfair means have
been used by sonic over-zealous clergyman to fill
church schools at the expense of those established by
dissenters. This has naturally given rise to much
heart-burning, jealousy, and dissension; the noncon-
formists, not unnaturally indignant, dread that the
churchmen will employ every new means placed at
their disposal in a similar struggle for superiority.
It is needless to add that we condemn and deplore
such conduct on the part of churchmen, whether they
be Puseyites or evangelicals ; but were we in the posi-
tion of the nonconformists, experience has taught us
to view such proceedings with more contempt than
alarm. The most rigid dissenters existing in Eng-
land were educated at church schools ; the most
violent Romanist' of Ireland are those who received
their early training in the Charter schools and the
schools of the Kildare-place Society.

It is to their belief in the probable use of such un-
fair means by churchmen, that we must attribute the
qualified hostility of such men as Dr. VAUGHAN and
the writers of the educational articl es in Tait's Magazine,
the &otsman, the Morning Chronicle, and the Manches-
ter Examiner. They prefer the American and Irish
schemes of an educational board independent in all
its administrative functions of all voluntary associa-
tions, whether of churchmen or dissenters. We heartily
concur with them; but when we look round we can find
no more bitter enemy to their plan than their ally
and associate Mr. BAINES himself. We submit tol
these gentlemen that it is worth while to secure the
recognition of the gveat principle for which both
they and we contend, namely " the duty of the state
to educate citizens, and the right of citizens to be
educated by the state." None of them will be found
more vigilant in watching the application of this
principle, none of them more bold in denouncing its
perversion than we shall be; but because of perver-
sion in detail we never shall abandon the principle
itself. We look to Dr. VAUGHAN for the assertion of
this principle in the coming conference; it is
due to his position, his character, and the
high reputation he has deservedly obtained as a
Christian philosopher and an enlightened politician.
From his writings we have derived aid, from his les-
sons we have received instruction, and from his
recent letter we have gained encouragement in the
struggle. We, too, are jealous for the character of
nonconformity ; and we should lament to see it adopt-
ing the abandoned artifices and reliaquisbed weapons
of defeated faction. We auk Dr. VAUGHAN, for whom
we entertain a sincere regard, to save the 13011C011-
formists from adopting that self-same factious course
which they denounced in 1839; to join us in rescu-
ing them from the desertion of the old puritan
maxims, and the adoption of the repudiated doc-
trines of Lord STANLEY and the Archbishop of
CANTERBURY; we ask him to be true to himself, to
his publisled principles, and to his avowed con-
victions.

The Madrid mails of the 4th and sth have brought
intelligence of an &irate in the palace. It appears
that the Queen, under the advice of her ministers,
dismissed five principal functionaries of her household
—a lady and four gentlemen. The morning after
their dismissal they presented themselves at the
palace, forced their way. to the private chamber of the
Queen, and demanded, in no very respectful tone, it
would seem, to continue their functions. Her
Majesty thus bearded in her own house, commanded
the instant attendance of her ministers, two of
whom only at the moment (M. Salamanca, Minis-
ter of Finance, and M. Mazarredo, Minister of War)
were accessible. By their interposition the Queen
was protected from further outrage, but the dismissed
functionaries did not cease the insolent tone and 1
language they had adopted, and two of them were
finally put under arrest. The parties in this singular
affair were the Marchioness of Santa Cruz, Camerara-
Mayor (an office corresponding to the Mistress of
the Robes in our household), Don Pedro Egan.,
Intendant of the Palace, M. de Rubianes, Captain of
the Halberdiers, Colonel Guises, Lieutenant of the
same corps, and Count de Cumbres-Altas, Equerry.
The bake de Baylen (Castanos) is appointed
Captain of the Halberdiers, and M. Pena y Aguayo
has accepted the office of Intendant at the Palace,
which was declined by M. Ventura de la Vega, who
preferred to hold that of private secretary, of the
Queen. The offices of Camerara-Mayor and Grand
Equerry were not filled up, and it was supposed
would be suppressed.
Count de Cumbris-Altas was ordered to Valencia,
where he was to be kept under arrest.
It is hinted that doubts are entertained whether the
Cortes will not be immediately dissolved.
The Madrid Gazette of the 4th contains the ordon-
name which recalls M. Olozaga, and the declaration
of the Minister of Justice, in which all that passed in
the palace on this occasion, particulars of which we
have already given, is stated in detail. The ordon-
nance adopted the term oblivion, but not pardon.
M. Olozaga left Paris for Madrid on Thursday.
Since the above was written we learn that the Duke
de Baylen has declined accepting the command of
the Halberdiers, and that the Duke de Castro Terreno,
to whom the same poet was offered, has doue the same.

Our Paris correspondence and the journals of
Friday and Saturday have come to hand. The con-
templated extension of the present system of free
trade in food to the 31st of July, 1848, which was
announced long since in our Paris correspondence, is
now all but certain. The Paris journals of Saturday
say that a cabinet council has been already held on,
this subject, and that the Minister of Commerce and
Agriculture has been desired to procure the requisite
justificatory documents and reports to support the
project. Meanwhile another article has appeared in
the Debuts which even goes farther than the preoed-
ing ones, for it lets out clearly enough that the wishes,
if not the intentions, of the cabinet extend not
merely to a temporary extension of free
trade in food, but to its permanent establishment.
The ministerial organ declares that the responsibi-
lity of the welfare of the people during the coming
year must rest upon those who would oppose these
precautionary measures. In fine, it may be regarded
as certain that the present unrestricted commerce will
be continued till August, 1848, not only in every spe-
cies of grain and vegetable subeistenoe, but in animal
Ifood, in every state, including, of course, salted pro-

M. Benoist has distributed the report of the corn-
minion on the state of the Bank of France, a resume
of which we gave in our oorrespondence on Thursday.
The difficulties of the Ministry of Finance, owing
to the scanty and slow returns of the receivers-
general, and the small amount of the indirect taxes,
are multiplied, and have at length driven the minister
to temporary expedients to supply the exigencies of
the department. It was reported at the Bourse on
Friday, and, as we are assured also, credited among
the best-informed persons, that the Treasury has
raised a loan of thirty millions from the Bank for a
year at 5 per cent., and that a well-known capitalist
has supplied three millions more en the same terms.
We mentioned formerly an application made by M.
Lacave-Laplagne to the receivers-general for advances
on the same terms, which were declined, although in
January last the same receivers had offered advances
at 4i per cent.
Three amendments to the project of law respecting
the Bank of France, now before the chamber, will be
proposed ; two of them, by M. Leon Faucher and M.
Lesaoudois, are to authorise the issue of 100 f. notes,
as well in Paris as by the branch banks, the limit
proposed by the present report being 200 f. The third
amendment, proposed by M. Gamier Pages, is to
restrict the bank from converting its capital into
funded property, and to limit the amount of paper
issue to four times the amount of the capital.
We are assured that, as a further means of afford-
ing temporary relief to the finance department, it has
been decided to issue bons de tresur, or exchequer

bills, payable in three months at 4 per cent., in six
months at 41 per cent, and in twelve months at 5 per
cent. A royal ordonnance to this effect would appear
in the Monsieur of this day (Monday).
L' Union Monordsique gives the following:
The interchange of couriers between Paris and St.
Petersburg has become exceedingly frequent. From Paris,
solicitations are made, through some well-known inter-
mediaries, for the appointment and despatch of a Russian
Ambassador to Paris. This has been carried so fax as
to cause an inquiry to be made, whether, as M.
de Barante cannot return to St. Petersburg, this or that
nomination would be agreeable to his Imperial !dainty.
Ia this list is found the name of M. Bronson. We
believe we are warranted in adirming that M. Ouizot,
being invited by notes from the Austrian Cabinet, and
warmly urged by Count d'Appony to declare himself on the
subject of the French policy in Italy, has replied, in the
name of the cabinet, in the mrnt satisfactory manner, de-
claring that France would not give any encouragement to
those who dream of the reconstitution of the Italian Union,
and, consequently, M. Rossi his received instructions en-
joining him to harmonise more and more with the policy of
Austria.

It was said on Saturday that the ministry had de-
cided on carrying into kik ct the sentence of capital
punishment announced against the parties convicted
of the food riots in the neighbourhood of Buzancais.
It was still believed that official intelligence had been
received of the fall of the Coletti ministry.
Lord Cowley is reported to be dangerously ill in
Paris.

FRANCE.—PARIS, A r :2 L 10.—PRINCE POLIGNAC.
—M. de Polignac, son of M. de Polignae, minister of
Charles X., has demanded the title and seat of his father in
the Chamber of Peers, in virtue of the hereditary law of
the peerage. The heir of at name mixed up for more than
half a century with the internal agitations of Franey
p
founds his claims upon the fact, that he dates the civil aid
political death of his father as far back as 1830, at which
time the ancient constitution of the peerage was not abro-
gated.
DECEASE OF COGNY ISE MONTGUYON.--Count de
Montguyon, Peer of From e, formerly Chambellan to the
Emperor, and for a long time Preudeut of the Council.
general de l'Oise, died at Paris on Wednesday. M. de
Montguyon was elected 13,..,5uty of Beauvais in 1830. He
took an active part in the revolution of July, and was
created a peer by the preer it king.
LYONS, APRIL s.—Liabolical attempts to cause a
frightful lose of life were made on the St. Etienne and
Lyons Railway on the night of the Ist. The engineer of the
train which left Lyons bei ig attentively on the look-out,
fancied he saw in the cutting near Irigny a dark substance
lying on the rails. He ina.nediately brought the train to a
sudden stand-still, fortunately without occasioning any seri-
dent by the shock. On descending from the locomotive, an
enormous block of stone was found placed upon the rails. It
was removed with difficulty, and the train continued its
route. Some hours later the locomotive and carriages which ;
left St. Etienne for Lyons on the other line of rails, ran upon
a large block of stone placvl on them near the same spot as
the other. The locomotive was thrown off the line, but by
a providential chance no injury was done to any of the car-
riages. The authors of thi • great crime are believed to be-
long to the commune of Irigny, and the police are making
every exertion to discover them. The law declares that such
offences shall incur the penalty of death,
MR. O'CONNELL IN FRANCE.—The Univers pub-
lithe* the following letter, rated Never Easter Sunday:—
The snow and cold have retarded the journey of ' the
liberator of Ireland' since his departure from Paris. The
reception he experienced al,ng the road contrasted with the
severity of the atmosphere. O'Connell has everywhere re-
ceived the most affecting t. ntimonies of sympathy. The
enewd filled the courts of the hotels in which healighted, and
'spooned their feelings by eisnifestations which had a cha-
ncier of spontaneousness an I sincerity highly flattering far
the Illustrious traveller. Very often, when his carriage
Mopped to change horses, the population of the villager, with
their parish priests at their head, came to salute the liberator
and wrih him a pleasantjourn, y. But the at'entions with which
he was surrounded at Neves. by far exceeded those paid to
him anywhere else along the road. The bishop, ateempa-
panied by the dignitaries of : is chapter, presented himself
on Saturday morning at his h, 'el to offer him their homages;
but, on being informed that O'Connell was in bed, and that
he was only to leave on the following day, the prelate with-
drew. He returned, however, followed by a portion of hie
clergy, in the evening. The worthy prelate permitted mask
to be celebrated in the apartmont of the illustrious patient,
who was se weak as to be u sable to go to church. On
Easter Sunday, after the ltev. Dr. Miley had cele-
brated divine serriee, the chaplain of his lordship waited
on Mr. O'Connell, and assure I him that the bishop would
consider himself highly honoured if he would accept an apart-
ment he had caused to be fitted out in his palate. The mes-
senger of the bishop added that he would be attended by the
Sisters of Charity. Mr. O'Connell regretted his inability to
accept the amiable invitation, bet was greatly affeeted by the
kindness of the bishop. The prefect of the Nievre, Colonel,
Berryer, brother of the deputy, the influential Catholics, the
president of the society of fit. Vincent of Paul, and the prin-
cipal inhabitants of the town and its environs, without any
distinction of opinion, came to visit Mr. O'Connell and in-
quire after his health. Mr. O'Connell expects to be able to
leave to-morrow for Moulins.
SWITZFur A 10-v. -

I.—BERNE, APRIL s.—The seven
cantons of the ultramontane league have addressed a demand
to the other cantons for the re-est ablishment of the convents
in Asras. The league also avows its intention of opposing
by armed force any attempt to expel the Jesuits. The
Vorort of Beene has sent a circular to all the cantons, stating
that it is not is its power to put a stop to the extraordinary
arming of the seven ultramontane cantons, and that the Diet
alone can take measures relative thereto.

SARDINIA.—A letter from Nice states that during
the two days which Don Henry of Spain passed there he was
joined by the Count de Castellar and his two sisters, and that
they all left in company for Rome, when Don Henry hopes,
it is said, that the Pope will.pronounce the blessing on the
union of the Prince with the Coant's eldest sister.

GERMANY.—A ENNA, APR. 4.—The
Emperor of Russia is expected in Warsaw on the 14th inst.,
for the solemn installation of the Grand-Duke Michael as
Viceroy of Poland. The Grand-Duchess Helen is to accom-
pany the Emperor.—The customs hue between Poland and
Russia is to be abolished at the same time, which will be a
great advantage to the Polish manufacturers.
HANOVER. BRUNSW ICK, APRIL 5. The two
Chambers have unanimously adopted the project of the go-
vernment to declare the ports of liarburg and Ar-der-
Geesta free ports. The first Chamber alto declared that it
wee ready to sanction any measures of the government to
take a similar step with the ports of the Ems.
PRUSSIA. TREVES.— The municipal council of
Tr4ves appointed, some time back, a c immissi on to draw up
a memorandum, to be presented by the deputy of Trives to
the Diet, expressing the opinion of the council on the new
Prussian constitnion. The memorial= was read in a
public sitting at Troilus on the 2nd Met, and unanimously
adopted. The council recommends its deputy, M. Mohr, to
make respectful but formal reserves against the ordonnances
of the 3rd Feb., as placing restrictions on existing constitu-
tional rights, to avoid any net which might imply an acknow-
ledgment of the restrictions imposed by the orilonnances of
the 3rd Feb., such as the consent for new loans, a change in
the customs duties, the nomination of the committee, and
deputation of the Diet ; to entreat his Majc sty to establish
an electoral system, in which every class of society will be
duly represented; to abolish all laws and measures against
the public press, and to abolish all restrictions on the right of
petition.

TRIESTE.—In six trials the Gorman overland mail
has had the advantage over the French. In order to make
use of the victory the Austrian Lloyd's will begin with
August the communication between Trieste and Alexandria,
twice in the month, in sirict connection with the steam-boats
to and from the East Indies, and will snake the necessary
arrangements to establish a regular communication by
couriers with England, coinciding with the arrival and
departure of the mail. The courier will deliver the packets
of letters from India to the proper postufflces to forward
them; the packets for India to be forwarded immedi-
ately on their arrival in Trieste, by the steam-boat to
Alexandria. If this journey of the couriers through Southern
Germany and along the Rhine be connected with the con-
vention proposed by Austria between the railway directors
on the line between Trieste and Hamburg, there can be no
doubt that all Germany, the north. Holland, Belgium, and
England will prefer the route to India and back by way of
Trieste. If in the sequel the establishment of regular siesta
communication between New York and Bremen affords •
possibility of performing the whole route in thirteen days,
the entire correspondence of North America, will likewise
take the way through Germany, and join in Hanover the
overland mail. The forwarding of letters will soon be fol-
lowed by that of passengers, when the necessary arrange-
ments shall ban been taken to ensure safety, convenience,
and cheapness.—Affgemeine Zoitung, April 6.

- -
BOURBON.—M. BAIRBET Oe JOCY.—Letters from
Bourbon state that M. Barbet de Jouy was still st the colony.
He had received no reply to the note he sent to the French
go, rnment explanatory of bin conduct: no official notifies-
of his having been superseded. and his successor had not
arrived at the Mauritius. The only communication he re-
ceived from Paris was a short letter enjoining him to await
at Bourbon the instructions of his government. Since then
many months have pseud, and he has received no further
communications.

HAVANNAH, MARCH I.—The Viechnon, arrived
at Havre on the 9th, brings intelligence respecting the
French division at anchor at that port, ander the orders of
Contre Admiral Laplace. It is composed of the frigate
Andromede, flag ship, the Boumle corvette, the Blonde
and Naiads and the Lapeyrouse. On February 28 a funeral
service was performed in commemoration of the death of the
sailors of the division who died of yellow fever, or from the
consegneuces of the hurricane which took place in the latter
end or 1848. The Tonnerre, steam-Omits, of 180 horse-
power, had just left Havannah on her way to the Antilles. It
may not he amiss to give an account, transcribed from the
Jaunted du llama, of the grounding of this vessel on •
reef to the north of Cuba. The Tonnerre had left
Havannah on her way to Nuevitas to seek for the
rhipwreckeil people of an American vessel called the Creole.
Bhe had on board as guide in those dangerous seas the pilot
of the Spanish admiral's vessel. On the 12th of January,
at about 10 p.m., the ship was about to be brought to for the
night, but, deceived by the last observations, which had
caused the point of Juan Dinen to be taken for that of
Naternillos, she struck on a reef neer the ia'and of Guyette.
The tide was fortunately at ebb, and immediate measureswere
taken to get her off, but at first unsucceseiully. Three anchors

were lost io succession, and but one ree,Med.
had pared in fruitier efforts to get the mem,
was already near high tide. The only reeyib g
was then east a little outside a large coral rKtlei
little use as the ship would not obey the soil, IN
thing that remained to be done therefore wiete,,be
make the ship pivot on her keel. For that pet), .
were all east loose and placed estern, tLus
the,
to riaeout of the wrter; a strain being the,
chains, the corvette gradually slid into deep
minor the loss of her rudder, pan at per a,
somr damage.

COLONIAL.
The papers from the Mauritius of they,
nuary are still occupit'd with discuseions oathe e,,„c
plan for regulating immigration and Mow.
measure was under the cunsidereti'm of emu:
council in connexion with the impost of the tbe advocate's of the planters are
of ur
ging '72
the question. Both the tense 41.1. tor tb.
meat, and 20e. for the renewal, are said to 4,:
than the estate proprietor can pay iu his prelim
condition, and it is contender that is the
island is in a bounder and more nourishingeftdit;
few years since, some slight amelioration is .yr
system of fiscal charges might bring the desired;

;be (Una.

-- -
WINDSOR, SUNDAY.—Lord John Russell ;
castle yesterday ter town. H.R.H. Prince Xis?,
on horseback yesterday morning, attended by 14,,'
Wemyss. Their RR. HH. the Prince of %in
Princess Royal took a carriage airing ymterdsi
Their RR. RH. Prince Alfred and the Priem% 4.7
out on ponies yesterday, and took walking
Eastern Terrace and slopes. H.R.H. the hint,
was also taken an airing yesterday. The (tonne,
Albert rode out in a phaeton and pair yeste
Prince
the Prince driving. Their RR. II 11.
Princess Alice followed is another carrier
The Equerries in Waiting attended on
The royal dinner party at the castle yesterday •
H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent, the lady in Wain:
Duchess of Kent, the Baroness de Speth, the it,.
of Blandfurd, Viscount and Viscsuntess Ls-
Viacount and Viscountess Sesham. The band of
Her deny.
prrobL.ife.d.Gwdsuaa:wteudithncleedcuisdisualertti.ngenTundbiinseener.oila the castle i
family took walking and pony exercise this mornip.,
rning her M.
Prince Albert, the ladies and gentlemen of the X
the domestic household attempted Divine service
private chapel of the castle. The Hon and R.
Courtenay officiated. H.R.H. tke Duchess of h
attended the service.

DEPARTURE OF THE COURT PROM WINI•
Her Majesty and the Prince Consort, accompained
royal family, and attendee by the whole of 1114 roe,
will take their departure from the castle, for Bead
Palace, this afternoon, immediately alter hmehem: at
train having been commanded to be In reclines,
Slough station between 3 and 4 o'clock.
Her Majesty the Queen Dowager took at!
in a carriage on Saturday. Her Majesty was ?niter
day at Marlborough house by H.R.H. the Dike
bridge.
Their RR.HH. the Duke and Dachau 0!!
bridge honoured the yerformance of " I Dae
their presence on Saturday evening.
H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge attends!
'erste@ yesterday morning in Grosvenor chapeL

Mr. Labouchere (Chief Secretary for I
arrived in town on Saturday from Dublin. The n
gentleman paid • visit to Lord John IL
arrival.

Baron de Cetto, Bavarian minister, tramicsi
nem on Saturday at the Foreign-office.
Lord John Russell arrived in town on Sm
from a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle.
Sir George Grey arrived in town 00 Sal
evening from his seat, Fallodon, Northumberland
tches were received on SWAIM, s
Collotroffioe, from the Governor of the Mau:inns
The Duchess of Inverness had a dinner pr
Saturday at her residence in Kensington-pakce.
His Excellency Sir Alexander Male, the
minister at the court of Wurtemburg, has arrirt2c
I Brougham's, from Stuttgardt, en corso,.. Lady Mar
to town from Brougham Hall to meet his Ender I
hear that Sir Alexander does not return till the eni
next month to resume his diplomatic functions.
Lord Brougham left town on Saturday to 7
Duke of Wellington at Strathfieldsaye, Hants. Tai
and learned lord returns to town today.
MARRIAGE IN Hum LIFE.—It u said the
varies are definitively arranged for the approican
rings of the Marquis of Salisbury and Lady lii
youngest daughter of the Earl and Countess Dchnn
nuptaals are to take place at the close of this or ear!;
ensuing month.

ALisca's.—These assemblies will
Wednesday week, the 21st inst.

MARYLEBONE VESTRY.
Tait HEALTH OF TowNs BILL.- On WO
the meeting of the Marylebone vestry, the Rev. &..
the chair, this measure was brought forward for
A report, previously prepared by the veers, worn
following are extracts :
Your committee beg to report to the vestry the tulle
into their eerious consideration the provisions of the WI rein
them, and are unanimously of opinion that the bill's skis
destroy the right enjoyed by the people of England honer
period of conducting their local affairs; that it greatly
baneful principle of centralisation, is subversive of near
representation, as bemired by Ilobhouse's Vestries Aet, Mir
laced to annihilate the powers heretofore evercised by lb
Marybehone. Your committee, therefore, unanimemly
to the vestry that the wog ascensions rind unqualified Ow,
poffered to this obnoxious measure, and that the other
ariehes be immediately eoromunicated with, with a vies re
ening and organising an opposition which may be efferent.
lag the proposed 1111116311, at least so far as the mempolies
Mr. G. Daniell moved the adoption of the Mon
cording to the provision, of the bill a central board n
appointed, who would possess all control over the
sioners and the funds, so that while every
rested upon the shoulders of the commissioners, who
be men ponessings,oool., they would be quite pOnif
far as the dispose) of the parish funds were tome&
the bill completely annihilated Hobhouxe'e his. si
principle of local government —Mr. H. C.
seconded the motion.—Sir Peter Laurie damns
bill as a base attempt on the part of the- gement
rob the people of the last remnant of their Derg
enured the vestry that the City of London were
the alert in this matter, and would assert their eight
to the Queen for the purpose of inducing her M
allow so obnoxious a measure to become the law at
This was no health of towns bill at all, but a Weft
fuze to create influence and place and patronage
government Only yesterday he (Sir P. Laurie) me i
of his, a commissioner of the Westminster sewers.
asking him if they did not mean to oppose this meow
replied, "We are appointed by the crown, and horn
as officer, of the crown, oppose our own masters."
ter.) He (Sir P. Laurie) could only say that the
sioners of sewers of the City and the Tower Henke.
a..
to oppose it, and he hoped every commission and Feria!
kingdom would do to. (Hear.)--Mr. George Doe
there was not one word in the bill about light aid ..

neceseary things to ensure heolth.—TheChairmaatets
that it was impossible to conceive a more obnosicsilii
which took away even the right of appeal. If them
ordered a change in a gentleman's mansion, intersol%7l
ternally, and persisted in its necessity, there wai
and the building would have to be altered Bemidji
order.—The report was unanimously adopted, ads M
tte appointed to watch and oppose the bill, and by all I
the other metropolitan parishes to co-operate in Out

- -
THE Poor-canna DIRECTORY.—Sir.—/lEY4
occasion to apply to the Peruvian minister st txisra
being ignorant of the name and address of this
referred to the " Post-d9a Directory " for amigo''
looking over the list of foreign ministers at this cant I
(p. 72) opposite " Peru " the following " Min. Plea C
I lierregui," without an address. I then tuned Si tag
Directory of the same work—but in vain did I
the address of Colonel Iterregui. ltecollectihee
that many of the Peruvians spelt their names wits
instead or on " I," I referred to the heading " (VI
and found there, " Yuirregui, Colonel John PH"'
Miter Plenipotentiaire du Peru, 20, Hyde Pad•Rt
Being thus led astray as to the name, and my belirin
correctness of this work much shaken, I further pr.
the Street-list, where I find (p. 309) that the AO".
stead of being " 20," is "26."—A Meacrtarn.
A LESSON FOR MEN OF TALENT.--11111
autobiographical note, which the celebrated AOC
Humor, has left behind him, he makes thish,
Deems mr mama I maisanend to write anYatr
the gnat mails whin pima bike my eye. let "F
my Mar mores~ sod, anew aft my want of tallste
ease whin was tarot my pew se-
manwelpS Ye Ma dee ; sal I Wadi &WOW 'rarebit
tureener he Dahalimet la my mace p soy maw des
say other ealkuv.
What true philosophy ! How excellent an =Met
were followed, what a world of useless books, of
tion it would save! How edifying it would hr..
0. Bentinck's executors (distant be their day!) yen •
smog lib papers such a record as this—" In 1647,
mama r /se• abiesman and to invent • practical
bat, owfag Is ots earlier habits, my utter Weasel! •
real nature of Map, and, above all, my wait
gees up the seascape, and returned to Pie
we might have Malt ecosoMy of ran endswal44 •
stone might laelreadvely teased his attempts te •
Mail painter, and Ids " want of talent." n lor%
ma* an &Wad llamas might write—. lAA
leadlai mew ee auks the rigid&
I undone* tam lash of esavlader the
that there is ue lima of education fur the comma
and then he &ea record, like M. Dronot, the tros
he desisted. Spectssfor
PHYSIOLOGY OF A BROKEN IlLtET.—Dfd.
in a new work on the phydeal cause of the death
explains that, although the popular phrase a
is now oftener used to signify a pruttemasi r,seeds
Prrorion, yet its terms an strictly cornet;
stinctively or by conjectural induction to Fret
moralists. Shakspeare attributes the death Crsifitoo
the dagger of the conspirators, but the inerotioledzis:
—" then burst his mighty heart ;" and the w r
exactly represents the thing. In asses of very naiad

salter of joy or grief, one of the ventricles of the heart is
niptured, and death almost immediately enemies.
A " FRIGHT', VL" P.tRAGRAPH.—Ass specimen of
the verbal ezegerstions with which newspaper peragraghs
are sometimes spiced up, with the view of giving to them •
factitious interest, we extract the following from an evening

—iCose'res, karamscaar Aertover. —As the express-cart which
teeny. the newspaper. tram Mr. Moatley's, the entene/Ye publisher
tbs &mod, tothe rewaya I. the morning, was standing aver its
eybarn from the railway at Mr. Westley's door, between six and seven
s'elotk am., yesterday. the home took fright, sad madeotat a furious
rase game the leeway towards Temple-bur, when, as it neared
Arundel-crew, the wheel et the cart caught is the gats.lamp post,
idikh IL Aimed to pieces, slid the horse's leg fell into so opening of
amide:eller, the mopper of which It broke through; yet, strange to
sahwa 4.i.dir.4*.1 sew isowed, and the rrpress.cort, /war, end
hareess,a4lend KW. or so flionspr.
Fraz.—Loss or LIFE. —On Saturday night,
shortly after eight o'clock, considerable alarm was created
in the Broadway, Blackfriars, by loud cries of " Fire !" pro-
cess:ling from the house numbered 5 in that thoroughfare.
Mr. Inspector Boyce, and a young man named Cooper, in-
stantly entered the building, and upon getting into the first-
floor front, found a ietnale of the name of Maxwell, the wife
of the occupier of the apartment referred to, on the floor,
in the midst of a sheet of flame. After considerable difficulty
the fire was extinguished ; and the poor creature, on being
lifted up, was found burned about the face, neck, arms, and
head as black as a coal ; in fact, the flesh was in several
pieces horned from her head and face. The unfortunate
woman had been left alone for a few minutes whilst her
sister went to purchase something for supper at the top of
the street, and upon her return she found, on opening the
door, the deceamd lying will her head under the grate, and
the upper portion of her dress in flames.
INGE Ens, SATCRDAT.—SUDDEN DEATH Or A
Sitititur's Orman. —Before Mr. Mills, at the Elephant
and Castle, St. Pancras-road, on George Byte., a sheriff's
officer. The jury, who proceeded to view the body in a
house in Barham-street, were not a little horrified at behold-
ing deceased sitting In an arm-chair opposite the fire with his
clothes and hat on, as if enjoying the warmth of the coal,
being the position in which he died. Thomas Trotman
abated that on Thursday afternoon the deceased was put into
' of his goods under an execution from the Sheriffs'
. At night, after they had smoked a pipe together, he
W the deceased to go into his (witness's) bed, which he
refused to do, saying that he preferred sitting et the fire.
Witness accordingly went cut, leaving deceased, who ep-
tritic' the best health and spirits, sitting at the fire.
on awaking in the morning, he found deceased
sitting in the same position, but quite dead. He
instantly went to the sheriff's office, and related
what occurred. The coroner expreased himself satisfied the
alecened's death was purely natural; but as there were
none in the room but the deceased and the witness, and as
the circumstances connected with his death were peculiar, he
would adjourn the inquest for a few hours to have the body
opened for the saticaction of all parties. Mr. Cooper, the
parish surgeon, accordingly opened the body, and found the
deceased's death was natural.—MYSTEßlol.7B CASE OP
DIOWIIING.—Before Mr. Baker, at the queen's Head,
Poplar, on the body of Frederick Krudrup. On the morning
of Thursday last, the deceased left the Castle Tavern,
Whitachapel, to go to the West India Docks. He saw the
=Y he wanted, who accompanied him back as far as
eti-lane, Whitecbapel, and no one could be found who
bakseen deceased alive afterwards. Between ten and eleven
the same day he was found in some tarpauling floating in the
waters of the Blackwell entrance of the West India Docks.
How, or by what means he got lain the water it was
impossible to tell. Life was extinct. In his pockets
wen found a key, one hall'penny, and a watch-chain. The
inquiry was eventually adjourned to obtain further evidence.
—FATAL OMNIIICS ACCIDENT.—Before Mr. Waklev, at
the White Bear, King-street, Hammersmith, on the body
of Thomas Hatton, aged 68 years, who was killed on the
evening of Wednesday last. Between five and six o'clock,
the deceased, who was a recipient of the Latymer Charity,
was crossing the road in a state of intoxication, and while in
the act of placing his foot on the pavement, he suddenly fell
backwards into the road. At that moment one of the Dam •
meremith Conveyance Company's omnibuses was passing
on its journey to town, and before the horses could be pulled
up the wheels panned trensversely over the deceased's face,
neck, and cheat. He was immediately conveyed to the sur-
nodf Mr. Griffith,,, close by, but it was then found that
breathed his last. The evidence was most conclusive
that no blame could be attached to the driver of the omni-
bus, and the jury returned a verdict of "Accidental death."
--ACCIDENT AT TWICEENHAM.—Before Mr. Wakley, at
the Prince Blucher'. Arms, Twickenham-common, on the
body of Frederick Nicklewright, aged 60, bailiff to Sir
• William Clay, Bart., M.P. The deceased had been
in the service of that baronet for the last 20 yews.
On Thursday morning last, about seven o'clock, deceased
was attending to the machinery of a threshing machine,
which is propelled by water, when a part of his dress became
. entangled with it, and the unfortunate man was drawn in
between two large wheels, which crushed him in a most hor-
rible manner, and severed his head from his body. A work-
man, who was in another part of the premises, heard the
deceased cry out, end as quickly as possible stopped the
machinery, but not until the deceased had been literally
torn to pieces. His mangled remain. were extricated from
the machinery with considerable difficulty. The jury re-
turned a verdict of " Accidental death."