The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-13 00:00:00

Zile eppregis.

drawing closer the bonds of union among themselves,
affords a guarantee for the freedom and peace of Italy.
The strength of the liberal party in Prussia, ad the
obvious wish of the government not to break with it
entirely, afford a similar guarantee for the liberty and
of Germany. A Swiss nation, with free and
paceiberal institutions, throned in the Alpo, midway
between Italy and Germany, will be the key-atone of
the arch of constitutional liberty in central Europe,
as that structure will be the best guarantee for the
preservation of the European peace.

MAILS.
The mails he Vise, Opertstare, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar
will be mob up ea the et the 1711 September.
mi. We* Ulla mmho*Wzimf Pre ter Memel, Hosanna, and
the limmega urge mea mooing of the 17th September.
The hies it Midi nor* heirese. lernmula. and the United
Illseilioldhhomille up ea Pee emidegil ths 18th September.
emlorei mils Me Olbreller Igallea Orem, the LEM Wanda
=AIM WM MIK 1010Ansair alba, isuesamptoa.
mea the imendes et the Ileetrabor.
meelmi doled meal. ads Moreellim llseMonmea,
Aggittagrtbusespladia•temberlileg. Sts., vel beveade ue m the
The usgb ear New South Wake, Yam Dirmemlo Img. sad W.
UMW wig be merle up on the mate of the KO gegember.
The malls for the Brasile, the River Plate, Moats Video. POlllatll.
been, Bahia. Madeira, and Buenos Arer, will le made sp ea the
trrnimt of the ith ocober.

PERSONAL privileges. are naturally obnoxious to
the unprivileged, and in the present common-sense
temper of the pubic mind will not long be tolerated
unless shown to be necessary. Thus the privilege of
members of the House of Commons securing them
against arrest for debt is one which only needs to be
asserted more frequently to be abrogated. Indeed,
were it not that the same personal privilege of the
peer mast Qo with that of our elected legislators, we
do- not believe a voice would be raised in parliament
for its retention. But it would never do to make the
Peers amenable to the ordinary law of debtor and
creditor. Fancy a Duke of BUCKINGUAM carried
a from Pall-mall to prison for
hie -

TO COILREITOM newts.
Adruffoneonts Warr! kr Ti. Ewer.
Load. roroft P.M ure
of Ur 01of bn Two Wrack re dada, of poblffouroo

HIGH MA/SS AT LUNDO/4-1111113011.
TM.• —ltelMiall pa. 4 ;laws. 17 WA ppm 4.
1.44 —Mamie* KS Ma. pre 4 ; Afterwas. 43 W.A.. 4

LONDON, MONDAY, SEPT. 13.
Tile. separatists of Switzerland have been allowed
time for reflection. The diet has deliberately voted
that certain measures are necessary to preserve the
order and peace of Switzerland, but they have ad-
journed the consideration of the means by which
these measures are to be enforced till the beginning
of November. During the interval some of the less
blindly bigoted adherents of the Sonderbund may
calm down sufficiently to remember that they owe
more to their country than to a party, and the liberal
majority may be induced to meet their approaches by
waiving anything in their demands that trenches
unnecessarily upon religious sentiments.
The decisions of the diet to be correctly appreciated
must be viewed with regard to their probable efficacy
in promoting the more immediate objects of the
liberal party in Switzerland. These objects are in
the main administrative ; they contemplate imparting
more coherence and efficiency to the central legisla-
ture or government. As enumerated in the letter of
an active and influential liberal in Lausanne, which
we published on the 30th of last month, these
objects are : the substitution of a central uni-
versity for cantonal academies, the centralisa-
tion of the customs and post-office establish-
ments, the introduction of a uniform Swiss coin-
age and system of weights and measures, and similar
measures all tending more or lees directly to create ex
strengthen a national feeling throughout Switzerland
as contra-distinguished from the mere cantonal spirit
The present struggle between theliberalsand so-called
conservatives of Switzerland involves no constitutional
contest for more popular institutions. Indeed, the
difficulties of the liberals appear, in some localities at
least, to arise from popular power in communities
where enlightenment has made little or no progress.
The progress of the reasonable and moderate re-
forms we have above enumerated experienced
scarcely any obstruction until the party opposing
them fallaciously appealed to sectarian enthusiasm.
The most fierce and uncompromising resistance ex-
perienced by the Swiss liberals has been from the
secluded and priest-ridden of the Roman catholic
cantons; but; they have also_ contrived at times
to awaken suspicions and hostility against their
measures among the evangelical or orthodox
protestants. " Methodism" is quite as often de-
nounced as "Jesuitism" by many influential Swiss
liberals. The unhappy propensity to mix up reli-
gion with politics renders it scarcely possible for an
enlightened government to attempt practical reforms
in a country where hostile sects are nearly balanced
in point of number, without awakening the jealousy
of zealots. Every measure calculated to give security
to the equal rights of all citizens attacks directly or
indirectly the self-complacency of those who have
attained to consequence as sectarian leaders. In the
case of a great measure—such as the establishment of
a central university for Switzerland, which by
promoting general enlightenment would enable
scattered sects to maintain their rights among
an overwhelming local majority attached to ano-
ther creed—the catholic minorities to keep
their ground as citizens in the protestant cantons,
and rice versa—defiance must be resolutely bidden
to sectarian opposition. But it is impolitic to court it
by legislation offensive to sectarian leaders, which
can lead to no useful result.
Against this obvious prudential maxim it appears
to us that the liberal majority of the Swiss diet have
sinned in one of the four resolutions adopted at their
late meeting in Berne. The resolution that the Son-
derbund (the separate league) must be dissolved
was imperatively necessary. The nationality and
sovereignty of the lielvetic confederation is
incompatible with the assumption on the part
of any of its members of a right to asso-
ciate themselves to resist the decrees of the legis-
lature by force of arms. The dismissal from the
federal service of all officers entering the service of
the Sonderbund is little more than a corollary from, or
practical application of the principle affirmed by the
first resolution, and its enforcement will go far to
render the Sonderbund a nonentity. The revision
of the federal pact is a resolution equally unexcep-
tionable. If the present organisation of the Helvetic
confederation does not empower the central authori-
ties to enforce laws for the common benefit of
all the cantons an improvement of that organi-
sation is indispensable. Independently of all 1
constitutional laws—in defiance of all resolu-
tions adopted by congresses of European potentates—
the Ilelvetic confederacy, in virtue of its being a re-
cognised independent state, has an inalienable right
to modify its internal constitution from time to time,
as circumstances require, free from any foreign inter-
vention. The three resolutions we have enumerated ,
are above criticism or cavil ; the fourth, that was
passed at the late meeting of the diet, is, on the con-
trary, highly exceptionable.
On the 3rd inst. twelve cantons and two half can-
tons voted that the question of the Jesuits is within the
competency of the high diet; that the cantons of
Lucerne, Schwytz, Freiburg, and Valais, in which the
Jesuits are established, are invited to expel them from
their territories ; that the admission in future of Jesuits
into any one of the cantons of Switzerland is inter-
dicted. It is always impolitic to confer upon any
man or body of men the prestige which attaches to
martyrdom. Any influence that the Jesuits exercise
over the minds of the pipulace or the wealthier classes
in the cantons enumerated is more likely to
be increased than diminished by the edict for their
expulsion. Whatever influence the Jesuits possessed
in England during the reigns of Elizabeth and
James L—and it has been grossly exaggerated—was
in no small degree owing to their being regarded by
the Roman catholics as persecuted for their faith.
We are as hostile to the general tendency of the
labours of the Jesuits as all friends of manly and
enlightened religious sentiment throughout Eu-
rope (Roman catholics quite as much as Pro-
testants) uniformly are: but this is not the
way to counteract them. A free press and uncon-
trolled dissemination of books, pamphlets, and news-
papers throughout all the cantons, which the diet
has the right to decree and enforce is the only way to
sap and overturn their power. The execution of the
decree in the 18th century, by which the order was
simultaneously suppressed in every European state
but two was proof sufficient that no such decree was
required—that the Jesuits even then did not possess
the power attributed to them. And now the recent
attempts to resuscitate the order have only succeeded
in sprinkling over Europe a few communities of rather
narrow-minded pietiats—quietly assiduous in dis-
charging ritual duties, or busy and meddling
according to the temperament of individual,—
but everywhere displaying the contracted intellect
of LOYOLA without his impetuous energy, and
nowhere indicating even • glimpse of the intel-
lectual power of his successors in office—shorn too
of the wealth which stimulated the covetousness
more than the fears of kings. There is nothing to
be gained by the expulsion of the Jesuits, but
• the reverse. The cantons enumerated will be
haydiu a state of permanent irritation by the assump-
dead the power to dictate to them what father con-
flassalp.thez are to employ, and they will find plenty
afilintaistines in other orders to turn this tempet to
. account. Either as a counter-concession
to from the more rational conservatives, or
as tto attract them, the diet would, do well to
adiateres
rescind this its fourth resolution.
By rescinding the decree for the exclusion of the
Jesuits, the wish and power of Austria or other foreign
states to interfere in the internal affairs of the Helvetic
ts confederation would be materially diminished, if not
• destroyed. And this would be an immense gain for
Europe. The wise policy of the Italian sovereigns.
In wateeding liberal institutions to their subjects, tied
. . •

debt, or a Duke of NEWCASTLF. dating proxy
from Nottingham gaol, or other imaginable peers
stopped on their way to the upper house by the ruth-
less hand of a sheriff's officer. Now but for this per-
sonal privilege such things might happen ; and if the
Commons abandoned their exemption from arrest in
execution how long could the Peers retain theirs?
The practical effect of this privilege from personal
arrest is, however, very trifling, and probably does
not afftct two dozen persons in the United Kingdom.
But there is another privilege of far more extensive
and injurious operation, which not only protects onr
legislators against their creditors, but protects the
property of the whole class to which most of our
'egislators belong from liability to debt, and mate-
rially injures the public. We allude to the privilege
conferred by the distinction which our law of debtor
and creditor makes between trading and non-
trading debtors. Persons who come under the deno-
mination of traders are compelled to pay their
debts by being subject to the bankrupt law,
which renders certain acts or omissions equi-
valent to a declaration of insolvency, whereupon
the creditors may found a process completely divest-
ing the debtor of all beneficial interest in property,
and vesting it in trustees for his creditors. If a
trading debtor, being in England, will not pay a
debt, his creditor may summon him to the Bankrupt
Court, and compel him to give security or declare
himself insolvent, when a rateable distribution of his
effects amongst his creditors will take place ; and if a
debtor who is in trade gets out of 'the way to avoid
his creditors, or goes abroad, or remains abroad with
that object, he may be made binkrupt, and all
his property—present and prospective, vested and
contingent—assigned by operation of law for the
equal benefit of all his creditors. Than this nothing
can be more just. The law takes upon itself that
equitable distribution amongst his creditors which
the insolvent trader cannot or will not make of his
own accord.

Let us turn to the case of a non-trading debtor,
and we find matters absolutely reversed. His
creditor has no means of compelling him to pay,
his debt, except by the seizure of his tangible and
visible property, or by the arrest of his person. It is
notorious that a man, not being a trader, may be in
the receipt of a considerable income, and yet the
sources of that income may be so hemmed round with
legal difficulties, or so protected by the legal rights of
friendly creditors, that unless the creditor can take
the debtor's person in execution and compel him to
go through the ordeal of the Insolvent Debtors' Court,
there are no effective means of compelling payment.
It is true that if the debtor's income depend upon his
own industry, if he be a clerk, or an agent, a journal-
ist, or a lawyer, who can only earn his income by his
personal and public presence in this country, the cre-
ditor will be able to arrest him, and so compel him to
disclose his affairs and surrender hie property, if he
have any. But these are just the debtors on whom
such a power is uselessly employed. When men de-
pendent on their personal exertions become indebted,
the utmost powers of the law will have but small
effect upon them. They, in fact, subsist on the wages
of labour, and the extent of their indebtedness is
commonly confined within very narrow limits.
The non-trading debtors, who are chiefly protected
by this distinction, are the class of landowners pos-
sessed of considerable, though often incumbered, set-
tled estates. Such men, if unprotected by parliamen-
tary privilege, may, by living abroad, set their credi-
tors at defiance; and when protected by the privilege
of parliament or the peerage, may flaunt or riot under
the noses of their creditors without being compelled
to pay their debts, or admit their insolvency, and sub.
mit to a rateable distribution.
It would be a mercy to the creditors of such
debtors, and often to the debtors themselves, to force
them to an equitable adjustment of their affairs, But
the landowning interest in parliament have resisted
this, became its effect would be to reduce many of
them who arc now nominally. large proprietors,
to comparatively small dimensions. Some years
ago, when Lord COTTENUA NI, not then in
office, proposed a bill for the amendment of
the law of debtor and creditor, which would have
made every debtor, whether trader or not trader,
amenable to the bankrupt law and its effective com-
pulsory machinery for winding up insolvent estates,
Lord LYN DUURST, then lord chancellor, horrified the
House of Lords by suggesting, that, if the bill should
pass, any one of their lordships might be summoned
to the Bankrupt Court by his debtor, and compelled
to give security for the debt, or come to a general
account with his creditors, and make an equal distri-
bution of his property. The effect was decisive; all
the stringent clauses for compelling non•trading
debtors to be honest were struck out.
In acting thus, their lordships doubtless felt they
were only discharging their duty to the class of
which they are the virtual representatives. The
peerage of England and the aristocracy of England
are by no means synonymous terms; the latter desig-
nates a much more numerous body than the former.
There are old families among the landed gentry to
whom the grant of a new coronet would, in fact, be
lowering their rank. The peers are merely heads of
families selected from time to time by the crown from
among the aristocracy to make legislators of. The
character is indeed hereditary, but, according to Earl
FITZ WILLIAM, the average of descents throughout
which a title remains in one family does not exceed
three. In point of fact, the great landowners (in-
cluding the parvenus drafted into their circles from
the church, the bench, the army, and the brew-house)
constitute the aristocrat of which the peers are merely
the representatives and agents in parliament. And
to the whole of this aristocracy, not to the legislators
among them alone, does the present state of our law
of debtor and creditor extend the privilege of exemp-
tion from being compelled to pay their lawful debts.
It was natural, therefore, we have already admitted,
that the peers,in their zeal to maintain the privileges
of that order of which they are the especial cham-
pions, should strike out those clauses of Lord Corrax-
xe bill which went to deprive them of this
one. But we may be allowed to doubt whe-
ther this conduet was as wise as natural.
The abolition of the mischievous distinction between
trading and non-trading debtors would probably di-
minish the extent of some large estates—leave some
landlords in possession of those acres only which are
really theirs, clipping off those which of right belong
to creditors. But though individual members of the
landed aristocracy might thus be somewhat shorn of
their factitious beams, the whole body would gain
immensely in general respectability. and real power.
An aristocracy enjoying political privilege while dis-
charging no political function, is ever apt to become
frivolous and the object of popular odium.

Tim first subject of inquiry, for the special commis-
sion on the sanitary state of London must be to this
effect—" How is the accumulation of London filth got
rid of?" in other words. "What is the apparatus for
drainage and sewerage in the metropohs ?" At
the threshold of this inquiry we are met by an illus-
tration of the obstacles that must be removed before
sanitary reforms are possible in the great Babylon.
The sewerage of London as it exists in 1847,
was planned in the reign of HENRY VIII., and
was carried oat in that of CHARLES 11. in 1659,
1683, and 1686. Its regulation exhibits features
which might be looked for in a system conceived for,
one state of things, and executed in application to
another.
There are no less than seven commissions of

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1847.

sewers. The City has one of its own. The Regent's-park
and Regent-street district is under a body appointed
by a local act. The rest of the country to the north
of the Thames is parcelled out into the Westminster, '
Holborn sad Finsbury, Tower Hamlets, and Poplar
Mush districts ; while the sewerage of the south
bank I. under the management of one body only, the
Surrey and Kent commissioners. It will not surprise
any one who reflects on the growth of London during
the Jut two centuries to learn that the powers of
these bodies are ill-defined in themselves, those of
one commission inconsistent with those of another,
and adapted, at best, to rid their respective districts
of the surface water rather than of the general refuse.
Besides these almost inevitable consequences of the
existence of several concurrent and ancient jurisdic-
tions, there are special inconveniences attached to the
London sewerage administration. Except to the
south of the Thames, these districts are in no way
co-extensive with the natural area of drainage. Hol-
born and Finsbury can only free itself from its accumu-
lations by favour of the City of London, Westminster, and
the Tower Hamlets, while the natural outfall of the
latter is intercepted by the jurisiiction of Poplar-
marsh. Each commission carries on its work inde-
pendent of the others. The City plans its sewers
without any consideration for the necessities and
levels of Holborn. Bishopegate-street is amend st
the expense of St. Giles's ; and when Walbrook out-
lets are in full flow, the cellars of Holborn are foot-
deep in filth. Of late years attempts have been
made to reconcile these inconsistencies. Enormous
expense has been incurred by the City to fit its sewers
for carrying off the refuse of the higher grounds;
while, again, in Holborn and Finsbury the rate-payers
Dave ieen heavily burdened for means to tike advan-
tage of these City improvements.
But with all that has been done, the existing
sewerage is not only insufficient in itself, but planned
with too little regard to the relations of the extreme
levels, and the general outlet of the river, to fulfil its
purpose of carrying off the refuse of the metropolis.
Evidence of this may bo found in a letter which we
print in to-day's number of our journal.
The first condition, then, of sewerage reform, is a
general survey of the whole metropolis, and the
suburbs, with contour lines, by which the levels of
any spot may be determined with reference to a
datum. These lines, of which the nature and uses
are explained in Captain VEITCH'S evidence before
the Health of Towns Commission, may be added to
any survey at an expense of about 21d. per house. For
any general plan, not only of drainage and sewerage,
but of street building and paving, or of supplying
water and gas, these lines are indispensable. The
saving which would result from their use would re-
paia thousand-fold the expense of their execution.
The first step, then, of the new commission will
probably be to recommend a survey with a view
to the preparation of a map, on the Ordnance scale,
with contour lines and the dip of the strata, as a
sum qua non for the carrying out the necessary
changes in the sewerage of London. But even sup-
posing the present patchwork of commissions dis-
posed of, and way thus made for entrusting the
sewerage of the metropolis to the control of one
responsible, skilled, and efficient hefty, a serious diffi-
culty remains to be got over.
Suppose the system of subterranean arteries perfect
in itself, every street provided with its sewer, every
house with its barrel-drain, all constructed with
reference to one system of levels and one outfall, what
is to become of the contents of this network of
pipes and tunnels ? Where is all the filth of London
to go to ? Here is the second problem proposed to
the commission. The Creator has beneficently pro-
vided that nature shall be reproductive. What is
drawn from the earth, by returning to the earth,
creates a new food for man and beast. If the excreta
of men and brutes be economically and wisely applied
to the soil no waste need take place. The animal
and vegetable substances taken into the body as'.
food are given oul from the body with those elements '
which contribute to their own reproduction, almost
unimpaired. In our present system, which consigns'
the offal of London to the Thames, these elements are
used only to pollute the water which supplies the
wants of nine-tenths of the population. Instead of
our refuse and excretions being used to feed for us
anew the products of the soil, they become a source of
unwholesomeness in our drink, and of poison in the
air we breathe. We pervert, in our ignorance, the
kindly ordinance of nature to our own annoyance—
sometimes to our own destruction.
Nor is this the whole mischief which f.illows from
making the Thames the common sewer of London.
The river is so far from being mechanically suited to
this function, that all the present sewers are closed
periodically by the rising of the tide. The common
recipient of our filth and offscourings is, in fact, higher
than the sewers, its feeders. This has already been
pointed out by the intelligent correspondent whose
letter of to-day we have already referred to. We
deposit every year in the Thames about one million
and a half tons of highly valuable refuse. This,
refuse, during. one half of the day at least,
is detained in our sewers, where it stagnates
and generates poisonous gases. Thus, our sewerage
from a cleansing apparatus is converted to one for
the generation of disease. The same thing is taking
place with regard to the metropolitan sewerage gene-
rally, as occurred in the Long-acre case, where the
main sewer in Hart-street was at a higher level than
that of Langley-court, which was intended to dis-
charge its contents into it.
Here then is, on the one hand, an annual waste of
more than a million tone of fc:tilising matter; and, on
the other, a partial stagnation in our sewers of that
which they ought to carry away.
This double error must be rectified. _

has been frequently well informed on questions of
Spanish diplomacy :
-The statesmen who enjoy the confidence of Queen Isabella
are In perfect accordance with Lord Palmerston as the vies-
don oldie suocession. Diplomatic negotiatieoelsave In flat
taken place on this subject, and Lord Palmerston hes de-
clared that the suppremion of the salic law in Spain was cal-
culated to compromise the peace of Europe, and that it is
much to be wished that the law of succession should be so
modified as to subject the crown to the Billie law. These
overtures have been received at Madrid, where it has been
decided to bring the question under the corudderation of the
Cortes. It would be declared in the proposed law, that in
case Isabella should die without issue male, the crown should
pass to her uncle, Don Francisco de Paula, or to his male
heirs. Things being thus mutually understood, a mmi-offi-
Mal communication has been made on the subject to the
Duke de Broglie, who has replied—that if such arrange-
ments were sanctioned by a law constitutionally passed, his
government would advance no opposition to it. lie ob-
served, that on the abolition of the mile law by King Ferdi-
nand VII., the :Duke of Orleans protested, reserving his
eventual rights, and that in like manner it was possible in
the cave supposed, the Duchess of Orleans might protest.
Oa this point the Duke was answered that such a proceed-
lag would have no result.
The Union Muilareliique affirms that these are tke
circumstances which explain the visit of the Duke de
Broglie to Paris, and that councils had been held on
the subject at St. Cloud and at the Witel of Queen
Christina. "We may add," concludes that journal,
" that the departure of Narvaez for Spain was not
foreign to this ; and that he was commissioned to
combat such projects, and elude their consequences."
The same paper adds :
An officer, formerly holding a high position in the army of
Norma, arrived at Malmaison on Thursday, with private
despatches for Queen Christina. Immediately otter, this
officer went with her to St. Cloud, where General Crux and
M. Zea Bermudez were invited to attend.
A treaty of commerce has been concluded between
France and Persia.

The Madrid mails of the sth and 6th, with the
journals and the letters of our correspondent, have
been received. The joy of the public at the announce-
ment of the amnesty broke forth, as might have been
expected, in strong personal demonstrations towards
the Queen, who was hailed with shouts of " Leng live
the Queen," " Long live Espartero," as she took her
usual promenade. To avoid the inconvenience of the
interruptions which the agents of the French embassy
and the moderado party would be certain to produce
on such occasions, the government put a stop to these
manifestations, although they were evidently the re-
verse of disagreeable to the Queen. A serenade, in-
tended to her Majesty, in front of the palace, was
given up for the same reason. General Alai: arrived
at Madrid on the sth, and accepted the office of Cap-
tain-General of Madrid. A reform of the Royal
Council, to be called henceforth the " Council of
State," was spoken of. The moderado journals in-
tended, it was said, to publish a protest against the
prohibition laid on the press against discussing the
question of the royal marriage, but were induced to
abandon this project by the counsel of Nary act.

The intelligence of the &nerds at 'Lucca, and its
successful issue, which we gave on Saturday, is fully
confirmed. Indeed, the popular outbreak was even
more serious than the accounts received by us repre-
sented it. The Hereditary Prince of Lucca, who, it
will be remembered, lately married the daughter of
the Duchess of Berri and the sister of the Duke de
Bordeaux, having ordered a number of arbitrary and
illegal arreetations of persons professing liberal opi-
nions, went to the summer residence of the Duke of
Lucca, at San Marino, in the neighbourhood of that
city, on the Ist inst. The populace, to the number of
5 or 6,000, followed his carriage, which, as it passed
along the road, was assailed with the cries of the I
people, and pelted with stones. The state of the'
public became so alarming,that the ministers informed
the duke that, unless some concessions were made and
reforms granted, they must resign. This and the me-
nacing manifestation above-mentioned prevailed with
the prince.
The Palth, a Roman journal, of the 31st, says that
the French ambassador, having endeavoured to per-
suade the Pope to refer_the Ferrara question to arbi-
tration, kis holiness peremptorily refused. We have
already given this fact on other authority. The same
journal says, that in an interview with one of the
corps diplomatique, his holiness, alluding to the Aus-
trians, let fall the expressions :—" They had better
beware how they provoke me. I may pronounce a
word which would cost them dear."

The letter of our correspondent gives the different
measures which have been proposed for this purpose.
It will be for the commissioners to determine, on ex-

emulation of competent witnesses, whether the last
plan, which receives the approbation of our corre-
spondent, be really adapted to meet the wants of the
metropolis in both respect&
Of the minor points which are likely to suggest
themselves fur alteration to the commissioners we
need hardly say anything. Common sense protests
against the present constitution cf our commissioners
of sewers, comprising some 700 persons, without
practical knowledge of the work they profess to con-
' trot, irresponsible, unpaid, naturally liable to jobbery
I and secret influences and waste. The mischievous
composition of these bodies, individually, is as
apparent to the unprejudiced as the absurdity
of their independent co-existence generally. With
the introduction of a central sewerage board
would disappear the blunders of construction,
the lavish expenditure of rates, the partialities of dis-
tribution, the employment of favoured contractors,
which have concurred to give so unenviable a no-
toriety to the Westminster commission in particular,
but which are so deeply felt in their effects on the com-
fort and health of the whole metropolis. The knell of
the existing bodies is sounded in the appointment of
this commission of five. The chairman of the West-
minster board will soon, with the Roman actor, be
able to say to the rate-payers of his district, " rod
ralete." it would require more than even official
assurance to add, "et paudite."

The cabinet of Vienna, recoiling before the expres-
sion of public opinion throughout Europe, which has
been evoked by the Ferrara aggression, desires to
cover the discredit of its precipitate retreat by ex-
tenuating the gravity of the situation. At one time
its journals declare, with a negligent air, that so little
importance is attached to the affair, that Prince Met-
ternich will leave the question to any individual
whom his holiness may name as an umpire. At
another time it is the arbitrary construction of an
article of the treaty of 1815 by Count Radetski.
Now an article has been inserted in the .1 wisburg
Gazelte, with the usual asterisk prefixed, which in-
dicates its semi-official character, in which the public
is assured that the diplomatic communications to
which this Ferrara affair has given occasion are of
the most insignificant sort imaginable; a mere inter-
change of polite assurances and international com-
pliments. We must not however incur the risk of
misrepresenting this article. Here it is in detail :
The remarkab'e exaggerations of the press respecting the
affairs of Italy, and above all the disposition and &chira-
-1 tions of such or such • power concerning the events of
Ferrara, and lastly, the manner in which the facts have
been disfigured, are of a nature to lead the public opinion
astray, and to present the explosion of a European war as an
inevitable event. Led away by this general fever, we were
desirous of ascertaining what measures, what diplomatic
steps had been taken, in consequence of the affairs of Italy,
by the powers of Europe, and if they partook of the general
agitation. The following= the entire result of our inquiries:
1. A note from the Austrian cabinet to those of London,
Paris, Berlin, and St. Petersburg, containing the assurance
that Austria has no desire whatever of stopping any govern-
ment in the march it may wish to adopt for the good of its
people ; that she naturally acknowledges the independence
and authority of every state, and has no intention of under-
taking anything against the independency of another govern-
ment, nor even of proposing it as a doubt, but that she feels
herself by necessity compelled, on account of her geo-
graphical situation, to be peculiarly attentive to every poli-
tical movement in Italy, because her own states may be very
easily affected by it. 2. The answers of the great powers to
this note, which are, without one exception, all couched in
the most friendly terms, and all acknowledging the loyalty
of the sentiments of the Austrian cabinet. The great powers
have done nothing more in this affair ; at least, the person
best informed on the subject know nothing more.
. . . . .

Such is the colouring which the Austrian minister
desires to throw over such diplomatic acts and docu-
ments as the protest of Cardinal Ciacchi against the
invasion of the papal territory, the published appro-
bation of this protest by the sovereign pontiff, the
promise of military, naval, and other aid given to the
Pope by the Kikg of Sardinia ; and, if public rumour
be not egregiously false,certain energetic declarations
of the Enhllish government perfectly known in Vienna
accompanied with the intimation of the probable pre-
sence of an English squadron in the near neighbour-
, hood of Trieste and Venice. _ _

We have received letters and journals from Turin
to the 7th inst. Their contents are unimportant.
The Journal des Dlbats gives the following letter
from Rome, dated 30th ult. :
The national guard at Rome has at last been organised.
The Diario publishes the nominations of the majors, adju-
tants. and captains of companies chosen by the Pope to com-
mand this militia. At Ancona the municipal council, after
having voted an address to the Sovereign Pontiff, has offered
a sum of 2,000 crowns (10,800 fr.) to aid in the arming of the
civic guard. The Chamber of Commerce has voted an
equal sum. The Jews, the richer inhabitants of An-
cona, and the clergy offer to supply the rest of the ex-
pense. Three citizens of the town, Prince Simonetti, M.
Cesare Beretta, and M. Domenico Buglioni, left on the 23rd
to place these votes at the feet of Pius IX., and if the offer be
accepted, to occupy themselves immediately with the pur-
chase of the arms necessary for the militia. At Bologna the
superior chiefs of ouflathr eofcitvii,ce guard have already been nom!.
n
archbishop, Cardinal Oppizoni,
invites the clergy of the diocese to use all their influence to
maintain tranquillity and good intelligence among the popu-
lation. The same cardinal has rezeived offidal notice
that, in consequence of the formation and arming the civic
guard at Rome and in the provinces, the Pope has thought
it right to dissolve the corps of Pontifical Volunteers in the
four legations. The body of the bishops and regular clergy,
who trausmit this decision to his eminence, invite him to
employ the ministry of the clergy to induce the citizens
who form part of these corps to lay down their arms volun-
tarily. No effort is to be spared to induce such parsons as
may not obey at first to act as is required. This interven-
tion in a governmental affair on the part of a body exclu-
sively occupied with ecclesiastical matters attests the
importance which the Roman government justly attaches
to the suppression of an irregular tom, organised in
the first moments of excitement, and which might cause
many embarrassments, if not incorporated in the great in-
stitution of the civic militia. These prudent pleasures show
very clearly that the holy father, though resolved to main-
tain his rights against foreigners, still desire, to reserve to him-
self all his liberty of action, and not to run the risk of being
pushed, in spite of himself, by the unintelligenl zeal of some
persons, into embarrassments and collisions which would be
unfortunate anti useless. and which would cause him to lose,
up toe certain point, the advantage of his position, and sup-

Our Paris letters, and the journals of Friday and
Saturday, have arrived. The rapid succession of
couriers coming from beyond the Alps and the
Pyrenees, bearers of intelligence disconcerting all
the plans so elaborately laid at the Hotel of
Foreign Affairs and the chateau, have called the
leaders of the cabinet back to Paris sooner than they
had been expected. We announced, on Saturday, the
return of M. Guixot. M. Hebert, the Minister of
Justice, has also resumed his residence at the Chan-
cellerie' and the other ministers arrive from day to
day. Lord and Lady Normanby arrived at the
British embassy, from Dieppe, on Thursday night.
We announced long since the intended elevation of
M. Gaizot to the presidency of the council, La
Patrie says that this event will take place next week.
The Count Darn will be appointed Minister of Public
Works, M. Jayr retiring to a post in the Court of
Accounts, and M. Muret de Bort will take the Minis-
try of Commerce and Agriculture, to be vacated by
the long-expected resignation of M. Cunin-Gridaine.
The Prince Alfred de Broglie has left Paris for
Rome with despatches for the ambassador, Count
Rossi.

The Persian ambassador, with a suite of fifteen
person., has arrived by the steamer Cuvier at Toulon,
from Constantinople.
The visit of the Duke de Broglie to Paris at a
moment when so many complications have arisen in
Spain and in Italy, has naturally produced various
comments, both in society and in the press. We give
the following from L'Univia -Vmarchique, which

ply a pretext to foreign ambition. M. Morandi, Pro-governor
of Rome, having been informed that in spite of his onlinances
against the clandestine press some publications against the
foreign powers, against some of the citizens of the Pontifical II
States, and even against whole classes of citizens, had taken
place, has believed it right to adopt new measur:a for
the repression of such offences. The measures referred to
are to the effect that any impression, engraving, or litho-
graph not approved of by the censor.hip is to be considered
clandestine, and the authors, printer., and sellers thereof
are to be punished with imprisonment of from ala mvntha to
one veal, and a fine of from b 0 to 300 crowns (270 fr. to
1,600 fr.), to confiscation of the clandestine publications, and
of the material employed ; and if the person committing the
offence be a licensed printer, his license is to be suspended
for not lees than six months nor more than a year. A repe-
tition of the offence is to draw down heavier pucishment.
Three days are allowed for the possessors of unauthorised
printing presses, &e., to make a declaration of their exist-
ence to the general direction of police, in default of which
they are to be considered clandestine, and treated as ouch."
The Patric: of Rome contains the following :
The alliance between the Pope and the King of Sac •
dinia may be considered as certain. It is now to be desired
that a similar arrangement may be entered into with Tut-
cany. Monseigneur Corboli has let out for Florence, to try
and effect that object. Austria has already obtained the as-
sent of the Duchies of Modena and Lucca to occupy their
states, and the same concession is demanded from Tuscany.
Naples, which feats the arrival of the English fleet, and
which finds herself on the other hand premed by pontifical
notes, hesitates, sad seems inclined to join us. Here we are
quite prepared for every event.
The GazettaPieniontese states that Rossini is acting
as Captain of the National Guard of Bologna, and
displays extraordinary energy in that capacity. The
same Journal announces that the famous Berton of
Faeraa has been arrested at Fano.
- - - -

The Lucca Journal of the 4th, contains the descrip-
tion of the festivities which took place there, in con-
sequence of the last Ducal manifesto. The people
went in procession to meet the seven young men
whose arrest hnd been the immediate cause of the
effervescence of the preceding days. The Lnchese,
Tuscan, l'ontifical, and national banners were dis-
played ; in the evening military music paraded the
streets by torchlight, and a brilliant illumination took
place. The bells rang, and the cries of " Long live
Carlo-Lodovico, Pius IX., and the Civic Guard!"
were loud and frequent. The Capitular Vicar of
Lucca issued a notice of a religious ceremony in the
cathedral, to celebrate the happy event.

Advicea from Berne have been received to the ith
inst. The committee of the diet on the great ques-
tions which divi,!e the confederacy had made its re-
port, the substance of which is, as we have antici-
pated. The peremptory refusal of the cantons of the
league to acknowledge the authority of the diet is
mentioned, and the necessity under which the govern-
ment of the confederacy is thereby placed to assert its
authority, by enforcing its decisions, is urged. Mean-
while, the expediency of a short adjournment to
enable the cantonal governments to instruct their re-
spective delegates on the question of the means of
forcible execution is suggested. An adjournment to
the 18th October is recommended.
It will be recollected that since the transfer of
the federal government to the radical canton of Berne,
and the election of M. Ochsenbein, formerly an emi-
nent member of the free corps, as president, the abso-
lute courts and the cabinet of the Tuileries have treated
the Swiss government with marked contemptuousness.
The representatives of most of them withdrew from
Berne, and assumed an attitude of estrangement
and menace bordering on positive hostility, and
among these, Austria was the most supercilious and
the most hostile. After all this, greatly to the amaze-
ment of the president and the Vorort, a diplomatic
despatch was delivered to M. Ochsenbein on the sth,
from the Austrian minister, containing a note from
l'rinee 'Metternich to the Vorort, explaining the dis-
eension which has taken place between the cabinet of
Vienna and the Pope respecting Ferrara :
The importance of this proceeding, saes a letter from
Purse cannot be disputed. First, in what concerns us,
the cabinet of Vienna, which, in the eyes of all Europe,
had affected the most profound disdain for the Swiss liberal
party, represented by the Vorort of Berne, seeks spon-
taneously the renewal of diplomatic relations, and; that
with the object of defending itself for certain arbitrary
acts, of which it fears the appreciation. Moreover, the
Austrian cabinet, which has always shown very little
esteem for public opinion, sees itself, by the very force of
things, constrained to invoke the judgment of nations, and
attempts to justify itself (or an act which has happily
failed. We may conclude from this unexpected demonstra-
tion, that affairs in Italy do not assume a very favourable ap-
pearance fur Austria, and that the result of its attempt at
invasion is of a nature to lessen its disposition to intervene in
Switzerland. Besides, Prince de Metternich protests to the
confederation that it would be wrong to alarm itself at the
concentration of imperial troops on its frontier, inasmuch as
these troops are only destined, according to him, to assure
the execution of the clauses of the treaty of Vienna in Italy.
It is thought that the Vorort will, to-morrow, communicate
to the diet the despatch of Prince de Metternich.

who attempted the life of the Prince of Samos, and who
was rescued from the hands of justice by the Russian envoy
at Constantinople. It is said here that Count tiuselrode
dgniea that his government give permission to foreign ahips
to hoist their flag. To prove the contrary, I shall cite • cir-
cumstance which hes just taken place here under my own
observation. Mr. Van Lennop, a Dutch merchant, residing
at Constantinople, in conjunction with one of his friends,
bought two steamers, one called the Medway, bearing the
English flag, and the other a Turkish boat, called the Yeti
Douneia. As both were intended for the coasting trade,
M. Van Lennop thought it would be more to his ad-
vantage to hoist the Russian flag on board both shim. Re
accordingly went through the form of a fictitious sale to a
Russian merchant, and the flag of the nation to which the
latter belonged was hoisted on board the steamers the next
day. The expense of the transaction to Mr. Van Lennop
was 5 per cent on the value of the ships ; two per cent. went
to the supposed purchaser an payment for his trouble, and
the ether three per cent, to the Russian consul. Greece
has from six to seven thousand trading vessels. Of these
' more than half are composed of full-ridged ships, barques,
and brigs, and the others are small fasbuiling sloops and
scheoners. It is more than probable, that on the suppression
of the coasting trade, all the larger vessels will hoist the
Russian flag, and the smaller craft turn pirates, a calling
most congenial to the bully, fearless islanders by whom they
are manned. The Turk:sh government accm to anticipate
some such result as the latter, for they have increased the
numle.r of cruisersalong the coast, and taken other measures
for the suppression of piracy. Thus does the Turco Greek
question stand at present. Whether we look an what has
taken place, or what is promised by the future, we can only
consider it as a most disastrous event for the Ottoman empire.
When Grivas was preparing at St. Mauro to invade
Greece, the represeatatires of the five great powers obtained
an assurance from the Porte, that in case of his landing in
the Ottoman territory he should be seized on by the Turkish
troops, and conveyed a prisoner to Adrianople. Shortly
after, Grim, landed at Pry:visa, at the head of a body of
men, and immediately placed himself under the protectien
of Mr. Saunders, the British consul. Though Halle Packs,
the governor of the town, had received orders to arrest him,
he hesitated to comply, as, in the first place, he dared not
violate the residence of the British consul, where Grivas had
taken up his abode ; and, on the other hand, he thought in
the present state of role ions between Turkey and Greece
the Porte would be rather inclined to favour Grivas than
otherwise. Grivas, in the mean time, publicly enrolled
men for his intended expedition, and in a few due found
himself at the head of 400 Greeks and Albanians. When Haflx
Pacha received instructions a second time to arrest Grivas,
he wrote back to say that Grivu being under the protection
of the British consul, who refused to give him up, it was
impossible to comply with the orders of the government.
The Porte have in consequence complained to Lord Cowley
of the conduct of Mr. Saunders. It is said that the British
minister has sent instructions to Mr. Saunders to withdrall
his protection from Chivas.
During the last few days rumours have been very general
of a change in the Turkish ministry. It was said that old
Hosreff Pasha was to be again appointed Grand ViAer, and
that Reschid would be simply Minister of Foreign Affairs.
The cause of these rumours is the cry which has been lately
raised by the fanatical party against Reschid Pasha as the
patron of I'aleologos, the young Greek doctor who has been
exiled on a charge of criminal connexion with the wife of a
Turkish gentleman. la a former time the crime of which
Paleoloaos has been found guilty would have been punished
with death to both parties, but the Sultan has limited the
penalty to exile. The lad., who is acknowledged by all
who have seen her to 6e one of the most perfect
speeinons of Circassian beauty, has been divorced by her
hushand end left this yesterday, on board the Peninsular
and Oriental Company a steamer Sultan, for Trebizond.—
Halil Pasha, the Capudan Pacha, or lord high-admiral, has
received from the Emperor of Russia a diamond hilted
sword, together with a letter congratulating him on his
appointment to his present office.
M. de Titoff has had a private audience of the Sultan, on
his return to Constantinople to resume his duties as repre-
sentative of Russia.

By the Levant mail we have received a large masa
of correspondence from Constantinople, Athena, and
other places in the circle of those mails. It will be
seen by reference to our letters from Constantinople
and Athens that the settlement of the Greco-Turkish
diffs,rence appears further removed than ever from a
solution. The insurrection in Eubica is terminated.
Griziotti received a wound which will, probably, cost
him his life. The following account of this is given
in the correspondence of the French journals :
On the 18th ult., as Griziotti was inspecting the trenches,
under a fire of artillery, a spent ball carried off the wrist of
his left arm. Thus !rippled, deprived of all medical assist-
ance, and feeling the impossibility of prolonging his re-
sistance, he engaged his men to assist in covering his retreat
and retire immediately to their homes. lie was carried on
a litter to Koumi, after the stump of his arm had been
plunged into boiling pitch to stop the hemorrhage. This
painful operation was endured with singular sangfroid by
this veteran general, now nearly a septuagenarian. Arrived
at Koumi, on the 20th he embarked in a schooner, with 67
men, among whom Col. Scourtiniotti and Major Gervas
were distinguished; they sat sail for Scio, where, according
to the report of a merchant captain, Oriziotti arrived before
the steamer Otho and the schooner Nautilus, seat in pursuit of
him, could reach him. In the meantime Gen. Gardiktotis,
informed by a prisoner, on the 19th, of the accident which
had happened to Griziotti, marched his troops into the en-
trenched camp of the insurgents, who, after a sharp fusil-
lade, dispersed.
A military insurrection has broken out at Teheran,
which is mentioned in a letter from Constantinople of
the 24th ult. :

A military insurrection has broken out amongst the troops
encamped round Teheran, and the authorities, to calm them,
submitted to all their demands, one of which related to the
payment of the balance due to them for a long time. The
demands of the troops being thus granted ordir was restored,
but it is doubtful whether the bad example shown on this
occasion may not cause other serious difficulties. M. Gros,
surgeon of the French war steamer Cuvier, has fallen a victim
to a murder. Proceeding to embark at Tophtanc,he received
several stabs from the knives of the husband and parents of
a young Greek woman, with whom he appears to have had
a liaison. He died this morning, at six o'clock, generally
regretted. One of the assassins and the woman in question
are in custody.

A committee composed of the principal Eurinean mer-
chants resident at Constantinople are at the present moment
engaged in drawing up a new tariff, the term of the old one
having expired
•

ATHENS, At a. 30.

The insurrection, as it was called, has ended like all
such attempt., concocted in haste, and having no specified
plan of action in defeat. As many troops as could, with
safety, be spared from the capital, and u many volunteers
as liberal payment could induce to take up arms against the
"rebels," marched under the command of Gisrdialotis to
attack them in their stronghold in Eubea. After a parlay,
in which Griziotti refused to lay down his arms, Grivas pre-
pared to attack him in position. On the 17th some firing
took place on both sides, with little advantage to either. On
the 18th the Greek, schooner of war, landed.some field pieces,
and one heavy gun, and brought them to bear of the rebel
encampment. These guns did much execution, killing and
wounding many of Griziotti's men. In the afternoon,whilst
Griziotti was inspecting his intrenchments, a cannon ball
carried away his left arm. Unfortunately he hail no medical
man at hand, and to stop the hwmorrhage, he plunged the
stump into boiling pitch, • fearful operation for a man of
seventy, yet he bore it with the greatest patience. Finding
that it was impossible to resist the force brought against him,
he decided on retiring, and desired his men to keep their
posts so as to cover his retreat, and then so retire to their
homes. On the 20th he arrived at Koumi, and em'iarked,
with seventy followers, on board • schooner, accompanied
by Colonel Scaurtaniotti and Major Zerves. Ho has taken
refuge in Scio.
When Drives heard on the 20th of the accident which had
occurred to Griziotti, he ordered a general intact upon all
the insurgent opposition; he found but little opposition, as
most of the men had escaped and fled. After their diaper.
sion, and sending cut his forces in three columna to puns.
them, he addressed the following Lacethemonian epistle to
the Normarch of Chalcis, _ . .

nir,—Wc hare rent the insurgent. to the decd. I have lic.tad for a
.port time on the plains of Daces to re-unite my fortes ; I shall then
go—l knots not where. I In you sill communicate this agreeable
ems to the government. —Your friend, G. GKIVA..

CONSTANTINOPLE, A.t:o. 27.
The Turkish government have begun to put their
coercive measures against Greece into operution. As I in-
formed you in my last letter, the exequaturs arc to be with-
drawn from the Greek consuls and the coasting trade be-
tween the two countries to be suspended. The Porte have
also recalled the Turkish consuls resident in Greece. All
relations between the cabinet of the Sultan and that of King
Otho are thus at an end. This mode of action has, it is to
be feared, been adopted too late. Had the Porte yielded to
the advice of Lord Cowley, and put these coercive measures
into force two months ago, the Turkish ministers might have
been spared the humiliations to which they have since been
subjected, and the difference between the two countries
been brought to a satisfactory termination. Coletti has cer-
tainly shown considerable address in keeping his adversaries
in play, till he found himself in • position to throw
off the mask and boldly bid defiance to the Porte. The
elections are now over in Greece, Coletti is at
the head of a powerful majority in the chambers,
and the manner in which he has acted in the present ques-
tion has given him a greater ascendancy than ever over the
minds of his countrymen. The disorders which broke out
under Griziotti at Chalcis, and those that are threatened by
Grivas at Previsa, are no indications of popular feeling in
Greece. The feeble attempt at insurrection made at Chal-
cis has been suppressed, and Griziotti has been mortally
wounded in the action which took place between his fol-
lowers and the royal troops. The general who commanded
the expedition against Griziotti, and effected hie overatrow,
was no other than the brother of the same Cfrivu who, under
the protection of the British consul at Previaa, is threatening
Greece with invasion. The men enrolled by Grist's at Pre-
visa are lawless ruffians who would embrace any cause
that promised them a chance of plunder. The pay, more-
over, which they receive, of thirty shillings a month inde-
pendent of rations, would be sufficient to corrupt the fidelity
of even the royal body guard at Athens. Simultaneous with
these insurrectionary movements, three English line of battle
ships have appeared at the Pincus to enforce payment of
six months' interest due open the Greek loan. this com-
bination of unpleasant circumstances does Lot appear
to disturb in the least the equanimity of Co-
letti or of his friends. That power which has been most
active in bringing Greece into its present position will, of
course, pay the interest of the debt, whilst Russia has
already commenced to render null the coercive measures of
the Porte. Greek ships have begun to hoist the Russian
flag, and Greek subjects residing in Turkey to put them-
selves under Russian protection. All that is requisite to en-
title one to the advantages of being a subject of the Emperor
Nicholas is to be possessed of a Russian passport. This was
lately exemplified in the case of the assuain, Stamatiades,

Thus her, for the moment, ended this and affair. There
is greater sympathy extant for the wound of Griziotti
than people dare give expression to. This sentiment is but
a natural one, when the bravery he dial layed during the
struggle for independence is taken into consideratio4. The
government partisans describe his wound as mortal.
Letters from Chalcis givo horrible accounts of the ex-
cesses committed by the King's troops after the cessation of
hostilities. They plundered and burnt a great number of
houses, pillaged 'Vineyards, killed and carried off cattle, oat-
raged and murdered women, and even went so far as to tor-
ture a child of 12 years of age, who had seen Griziotti
carried along on a titter, but could not precisely point out
the road he had taken. The recital of these barbarities,
committed by men sent to establish order and obedience, is
harrowing in the extreme. Even the poor woman who
dressed the wounds of Griziotti, has been used moat
cruelly.

[Another correspondent advises us from Smyrna, Aug.
27, that Griziotti arrived at that port, with his fol-
lowers, on the 23rd, but his enact having no bill of
health, was placed in quarantine ; but the general, in cond•
aeration of hie desperate wound, was allowed to land to ob-
tain medical advice.]
Brigandage in continental Greece hu increased to a fear-
ful and incredible extent. Messrs. Despotopuolo and Ps
papoliti have addressed a letter to the King upon the sub-
ject, detailing the horrible murders and mutilations corn-
mated by these hordes of wretches upon poor dereliction
priests and women. The Chlunber of Deputies continue
engaged in verifying the elections: this is a useless task, ea
all the elections, more or leas, h►ve the same degree of
legality. The senate is not constituted; the meat-
ben cannot agree about the nomination of a president
Something, at last, appears decisive of a turn in the
Greco•Turkish question. The Turkish Charge d'Affaires
at Athens, Osman Effendi, has received official soda
from the Turkish government of the orders aim
by it to all the governors of the provinces Cl the
empire—that 25 days are given to all Greek
jecta to regulate their affairs and quit the 'f urkish domi-
nions, in default of which, after the expiration of this period,
they will be registered as soya... The consuls, vice consuls,
and consular agents for Greece, will quit the Ottoman terri-
tory within the same period. Osman Effendi is ordered to
keep himself in readiness to quit Athens, at a moment's no-
tice, as all relations by land and sea will absolutely ewe at
the expiration of the period prescribed. Hitherto Take/
has been firm to her word; should she be so in this, the runt
of Greece will be completed. The National Bank of Gress
has reduced its interest from 51 to 41 per cent. on all sums
received in deposit—those of the Savings Bank excepted.

MALTA, Seer. 4.
The chief topic here is the abduction case. The
Mimes Cannons applied to the court for a restitution of the
young lady forcibly taken from them by her mother. The
court decided that the young lady must return to the school.
To this she positively objected, saying no power on earth
should separate her from her mother. As there was no wal
of proceeding with a young damsel of 17, ri et ormis, she was
allowed to remain with her mother whilst the appall
was pending. The appeal court set aside the judgment
of the lower court, and decided that the young lady could
live with whom she pleased, mother or schoolmistress • ch,
chose the former. The father is expected here shortly him
the Levant, when the question will be finally settled who 1,
to posseu her. A letter received here a few days ago from
Gerbi, coast of Barbary, mentions that rumours are
in circulation that a Turkish fleet with troop en
board is momentarily expected to arrive and Lae
forcible possession of the regency of Tunis. That, to pre-
vent this, the French government had sent a strong
squadron into Tunis bay. The French frigate Magellan
called at Gerbi on the 16th ult., on her way from Tunis ed
Tripoli and Malta. This rumour was mentioned to the com-
mander. He did not deny it, but desired the inhabitants
not to be alarmed, for the French government would not
allow the 'lurks to land in Tunis. The governor of Gerbi
sent some refreshments on board, and the -Magellan ieft
tns
same evening for Tripoli. She arrived here on the 2401.
and still remain,. The French squadron of two lineht
battle ships, and two steamers, have left Tunis for Naples,
to join the admiral. The French steam corvette, Laroisier,
arrived on the 27th ult. from Tunis, with Mons. Poujsdei
the French consul at Malta. She remained until after the
arrival of the overland mail, and then sailed for Tun*
taking a mail. Another French steamer, the Cerbire,
arrived on the Ist from Naples, with despatches for the
French consul.
The Locust started for Athens on the Ist, with despatch,'
for Sir E. Lyons. The Hell steamer also left on thei lstf a
Beyrout, with powder and provisions for her Majesty's
fri-
gate Spartan. The Ardent left on the 2nd with the mini
for Corfu and Patens. The appearance, almost tinily, of a
}Tench steam-sloop, or frigate, is quite a novelty for IOUs.

and has set all the would-be politicians on the qui rive, to
•ver what has eccanoued it, and to what tt can tend.
&D.:type reported apparition of the line-of-battle ships off
pole, maoy alarmists hare spread a report that the French
woad to take Malta by a coup de luaus. Some of them
rbe other day sew a steamer coming it, with a man in
oak of the main chain', heaving the lead ! The French
are sounding within the very harbour, was the sty from
amy quarter even an English journal here, which appears
goo its own coofessiou to have suffered from a contact with
of of the canine species, was rabid enough to publish some
keg leading diatribes against the French cunning, duplicity,
Ae., tc., that a stranger would either imagine we were &c-
--osily at war with France, or that Franca was the moot
molly country under the sun. The fact is, the French have
hen a very clever consul, half English by his mother's aide,
sad he has directed the attention of the French govern-
meat to the fact, that as a central position for di:e-
-sti:lln to all parts of the Mediterranean, Malta is un-
maalled. And the French government have availed them-
who of it. That the French have some intrigue on foot
in Barbary is no doubt true; and that they have very
einfluence there, is also true. Witness the late sets of
ey in the augmentation of the export duties, and the
establishment of a paper cutrency. All the councillors of
she Bey of Tunis are Frenchmen; all the instructors of his
army are Frenchmen : naturally, then, the Bey's ideas are
French too.
In Malta, Pope Pius IX. has been abundantly fnd. On
Sanday, the 29th ultimo, the feats of the decolatson of John
the Baptist, the whole of the Pieta, containing a row of
houses nearly a mile in length, running parallel with the
Quarantine Harbour, was brilliantly illuminated. Some of
the terrace had the words " Viva Pio IX." in immense
letters of variegated lamps. Others had, of the alone de-
scription, " Viva l'ltalia," and other devices. Many had
the likeness of his holiness in a transparency. Continued
*outs of " Kevin a Pio IX. !" " Alla Oran Brettana!"
" All' " " A Malta!" rent the air. Some
went opposite the house of the Austrian Consul,
and shouted out, " Death to the Austrians!" The
band of the Malta Fencible Regiment playing select
opera tunes, enlivened the sane; fireworks were in
abundance, and all was joy, harmony, and hilarity,
until an unexpected shower, about ten o'clock, dispersed the
multitude to their homes with a complete drenching. On
Thursday there was an extra representation at the theatre,
when the celebrated " Juno" to. Pius was sung by the whole
house, and moat rapturously encored.
Thu Neapolitan steamer arrived on the lit as usual
we had plenty of reports and rumours. A few
letters only were received, and those were as silent
as the grave as to the passing events in Calabria. ()eel
report was that the King of Naples had been shot at,
and wounded in the arm. Another, that Naples had called
upon Austria to send some troops to exist in keeping the
country quiet, and that both Rome and Tuscany had refused
to permit a single Austrian to pass through thetr territories.
The Volcano steamer, which arrived on the 29th ult.,
brought us the news of the decease of Colonel Warrington,
at Penis, on the ISth, when he ws• en a visit to his
daughter, the wife of Mr. \Vood, the Lr..glish consul there.
Colonel Warrington was, for the period of thirty-four years,
moot and consul-general at Tripoli, in Barbary. Ile re- I
tired about a year ago. At his funeral the pall was borne by
Freaeh, Austrian, Russian, and Dutch consuls. The English
consul and vice-consul followed as chief-mourners ; the
coffin was carried by marines. The French brig of war
sent a guard of honour, and the ahipe fired minute guns.
The French sea ner Ceri: e ateamel off from hence'.
to Tripoli'on the tat; she carried a mail. The Penquoin,
mew strainer, left also, with despatches for the French
Beet at Naples. The French steamer Rhamses arrived on
the 2nd from Athens : and the Longsor from Alexandria on
the 24th, at 6 A.M. She started again at 2 P.M. for Mar.
seilles direct. Admiral Parker and the squadron have been
looked for these three days, as strong north-welters have
been blowing, and continue to blow. Many suppose that if
the Tagus fell in with him, he may have gone on direct to
Athens, but it is more probable that he went to Barcelona,
and has called thence at Tunis, in his way here.

BELGIUNI.—BRUSSELS. SEPT. 9.—TnE TRIPLE
Notput.—No traces whatever have yet been discovered of
the murthrer. The indignation of the public, which has all
along been very great, is considerably augmented by the fact
that each day seems to render the discovery and consequent':
apprehension lest probable. The police, however, continue
to be very active ; besides the quantity of jewellery which
has been stolen, it is now ascertained that 950 florins of the
Netherlands, 95 pieces of gold of 10 florins each, and about
1,700 fresco in different kinds of money have been taken by
the murderer or murderers.-1 he Journal du Commerce
stases that the project of the convention of the provincial
councils or Flanders has been abandoned.—The committee
of the public exhibition of Brussels has just proposed to the
Minister of the Interior definitely to fix the 30th September
for the close of the exhibition.

ITALY.—NArLes.—A letter from Naples of the
25th ult., in the Gazette des Tribunauz, says : " Within the
last few days suicides have iscreased in a frightful manner
among the Swiss troops. In the single night of Saturday
three Swiss sentinels, placed in the vicinity of the Bourbon
Museum, committed suicide in the space of a quarter of an
hour, by dise'arging their muskets in their mouths. From
the inverti,:ations which were made into the matter there
is every mason to believe that the three soldiers had agreed
to deprive themselves of life at the same time. This year
five other Swiss soldiers were condemned to be shot, and
all underwent execution with sang-froid, and even ex-
pressing their pleasure to die. Others have committed acts
of insubordination expressly to incur the capital penalty ;
but this being known, they were condemned to the galleys
far life. They complained bitterly of this, and said that
they had failed in their object. 'She disgust of life which
seems to exist among the Swiss troops of our garrison is
attributed to the animadversion to which they are subjected
by the people of Naples, which has taken hatred ag►inst all
foreigners, and especially the Austrians, under which deno•
mination it comprises all Germane, without any exception."