The Express.
London, England, 1851-11-27 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

KINGSTON, JAMAICA,Ocr. 27.
Receipts have been on a rather limited scale since our
issue of the 11th inst. Of flour there were received about
2,000 barrels during the fortnight, whilst the arrivals front
Halifax were embed to three cargoes, two of which have
been sent out of this market. Under these circumstances,
the market both fur dry and pickled fish has assumed an
improved appearance, but flour has, rather anomalously,
receded in value. The latter circumstance may be attri-
buted to the absence of speculation, to the considerably
diminished consumption of the article, and likewise to the
direct receipts at the principal outporta on the Northside.
The new biscuit steam bakery is in full and active opera-
tion. Accounts from the country represent the pimento
crop as being a full average one, notwithstandinx that the
yield in the parish of St. Elizabeth has been rather under
that which it was expected to be. The coffee crop in that
parish, however, wall, it is said, be more than usually
abundant. The autumnal ruins arc general. From all
parts of the country we hear of continuous and fertilising
showers. But little business has been dune in the produce
market.

I''torlt is imi in 1. • ted demand, with a small supply at
market. We note a sale, the only wholesale one since our
lust, of 1,119 barrels braudywine at 284. 3d. Good
Balti-
more, Howard-street, is wanted, and might command 295.
to 30:1 in moderate parcels.
MEAT. has not improved either in value or inquiry. We
still quote it as being nominally worth 15s. to iGs. per
barrel.

BiI:O7DY may be quoted at s. to ss. Gd. per gallon in
bond.

GENETA is rather inactive at 7s. per case, short price.
Item.—There have beeu sales at 3s. Id. to 3s. 4d. per
gallon, duty paid
St:GAEL—We range our quotations at Its. to 20s. per
100 lbs. for dark to lair.
Corezz.—There is not any at market.
Pisizyro.—Several parcels have changed hands at 3!d.
per lb.
LOGWOOD may be quoted at 363. per ton.
FILEIGHTS arc scarce, and there is little inquiry for
tonnage.
Got-D.—American is worth Ito 1 Der cent. prow. We
have not heard of any operations in doubloons.
Matt.—Bottled is moved at 7s. to 70.61. per dozen; the
sales include 75 barrels Harvey's pale ale at the latter
figure. Bulk is quiet.
SALT.—Liverpool stored is taken at 4s. Gd. per sack, and
coarse at 4s. Gd. to ss. per barrel.
TOBACCO.—Cavendish is very inactive at 10d. to 101 d.
per lb. Leaf has changed hands at 60s. per 100 lbs.
EXCHANGES.—On London: Colonial Bank, 90 days, 6
per cent. premium ; ditto, GO days, 1 per cent. premium;
ditto, 30 days, 11 per cent. premium. Jamaica Bank, 90
days, 1 per cent. premium ; ditto, GO days, 1 per cent. pre•
mium ; ditto, 30 days, 11 per cent. premium; Merchants'
Bills, 90 days, par.—On biew York: Merchant's Bill, 60
days, 1 per cent. premium.

DEPARTURE OF THE STEAM-8111P PACIFIC AND
CITY OF PITIMICIWIL—At twelve o'clock yesterday, the
United States mail steam-ship Pacific, Capt. Nye, left the
likr•ey for New York, with 45 passengers, • good general
cargo, and the usual mails for the United States and British
America. About the same time, the new screw steam-ship
City of Pittsburgh, left for Philadelphia, with upwards of
90 passengers, and a very valuable cargoj chiefly of Man-
chester and Sheffield goods.

CANTERBURY ASSOCIATION.—Yesterday a meet-
ing of the intending colonists was held at the offices of the
Canterbury Association, 9, Adelphi.terrace ; Mr. Cornwall
Simeon in the chair. Recent despatches give the most
favourable account of the settlement. Stockowners arc
flocking from Port Phillip to the Canterbury plains, and
to encourage such immigration the society has commis-
sioned its agent to make, in the pasture regulations, all
modifications warranted by their late act of parliament.
The local government holds in its hands a surplus of
1,200/., which, according to the instructions given by the
colonial secretary to the governor, ought to be expended on
the public works of the settlement. A feeling exists at
Lyttelton, that more clergymen have gone out than the
spiritual wants of the colony required. A church has been
built at Christ Church, capable of accommodating 150
persons. Artisans can earn • shilling - hour,

and labourers sixpence. Good bulls 'anTr3lerino
rams are in great demand ; • bull of known pedi-
gree being worth '2OOl. Notwithstanding the discovery
of gold at Bathurst there is a steady flow into New Zealand
from the Australian settlements of labour and enterprise.
As a consequence of that discover, it is expected that the
relations between Sydney and New Zealand will be com-
pletely altered. Hitherto Sydney has supplied New Zea-
land with provisions and gram, but it cannot continue to do
so as the labourers are leaving it for the diggings. In con-
sequence of this the New Zealanders, in order to gutad
against famine, are making. more extensive sowings, and
expect to be called upon in their turn to supply bread-
stuffs to Sydney. The heavy duty imposed upon consigned
goods by the new tariff, and the lack of • good supply at
water at Port Lyttelton, are the subjects of considerable
complaint.
CITY IMPROVEMENTS. Much disappointment 1
having been expressed by merchants and traders of the 1
City at the removal from the Egyptian-hall at the Hensler!
house of the model prepared by Mr. Charles Pearson, in
illustration of his plan of improving the line of the Fleet
valley, notices have been circulated stating that the plan is
now deposited in the City Library in Guildhall, the entrain@
to which is in the vestibule leading to the great hall, on the
right-hand side, up stairs.

THE CAPE AND THE KAFFIR WAIL

LETTER I.
TO TRH EDITOR OF THE DAILY NEWS.

SlB,—Perhaps it would not be amiss if there was
a little more knowledge of Cape affairs in English
society. It is at least certain that until the public
begin to feel some interest in the subject, and take
the trouble to inquire into Cape politics, this nation
will go on throwing away some millions ster-
ling every four or five years on a Kaffir war, which,
after a deplorable waste of human life and money,
leaves us with the prospect of having such another
war on our hands a few years later. Now,
while I am prepared to show that these wars are
tiehattothethyisarecoautatir; same
ey
do not strengthen British power in Africa, they du
lunapffirormfitab
time unnecessary,
not give us territory which pays the expense of its
government, and is required now, or is likely
to be required hereafter, for English emigrants,
whilst, except a small but noisy party of jobbers
who have a pecuniary interest in hostilities, and who
are as one to one thousand in comparison to the mass
of the colonists, the inhabitants of the Cape suffer not
only a ruinous injury to their prospects, but a severe
loss in property and life from each of these wars ;
they protest almost with one voice against
the policy which leads to them, and com-
plain that they arc the victims of the blun-
dering despotism of the Colonial-office.• I
wish, therefore, sir, to appeal through your co-
lumns to the common sense of the public on the
question of our Cape policy; and if, in explaining
my subject, I am compelkd to enter into some de-
tails, I hope your readers will pardon me on reflect-
ing that, if they had only inquired into these details
a little sooner, they would not see now South Africa
soaked in blood, and millions of money jeopardised.
Sir, the Colonial-office did not confine itself to
disregarding the protestations of the colonists against
its frontier policy : no, at the very time when its
measures were provoking a war of extermination
without the colony, it was doing all that human iser-
versity could do to goad men into rebellion within.
A great impulse had been given to the minds of the
colonists of late years by the expectation of having
representative institutions conceded to them. The
English settler, animated by a hope of seeing public
affairs at length administered with some practical'
knowledge of their interests, had displayed that
spirit of enterprise which renders our countrymen
everywhere successful in the arts of peace or war.
The ]dutch had shown that energy, capacity, and in-
dustry which always distinguished their race when
politically free.t In short the colony had improved
with unwonted rapidity under the above conviction,
which it had the most solid grounds for entertaining.
For not only had repeated petitions for legislative
self-government been sent to this country, and well
received by men of all parties, but in 1818, reports
drawn up at the request of government, by the highest
functionaries at the Cape, had declared to the home
authorities the necessity for such a boon. The
first puisne judge, after stating that the legis-
lative council had fallen into contempt as
being a mere tool of government, suggested that
if it passed one or two unpopular measures its unoffi-
cial members would probably resign, and bring the
local government to a stand still (this was prophetic
of 1830), and the attorney-general echoed the judge's
recommendation to grant representative institutions-1
In the begin nin g t here foreof 181 f 0, the colonists felt cer-
tain that their expectations were about to be realised,
and such was no doubt the ease, when unhappily,
that bitter and protracted convict-struggle began,
which not only frustrated their hopes, but left in
Lord Grey's mind a degree of animosity towards
theni, which can scarcely he conceived without
having listened to his speech in the House of Peers
on the 15th of July lust. It is worth noticing that
government had made a previous attempt in 1812 to
make a penal settlement of the Cape, and then only
desisted in consequence of the strong opposition of
the whole colony, including the government officials.
And, remembering the proofs given by Sir William
Molesworth, last session, May 21, that the convicts
continue to be a perfect moral pestilence in Van
henien's Land, infecting even our Australian empire
by their contagion, you may conceive, Sir, the
eonsequencesof dispersing a colony of convicts, as Lord
Grey proposed to do, among our scattered population
at the Cape where such dangerous elements of crime
and war against civilised society already existed among
the coloured classes. § It is a symptom of the universal
sentiment on the spot that we find the British resi-
dent in the Orange River sovereignty, about 700
miles off, writing to the Governor, I. eb. 2-1, 1830,
that should the convicts land, no doubt an attack
would be made by our enemies in that quarter, " on
the presumption that his Excellency could not then
spare a force for this part of the country." ,1 How-
ever, on the first announcement of' Lord Grey's in-

tentions, all ranks of society, from the Goi:ernor
downwards, as in 1842, joined in deprecating such
an act of suicidal folly : and this seemed for a while
to produce the desired effect. Lord Grey inti-
mated to the colonists that he had only thought of
sending some political prisoners, and that the adop-
tion of the measure " would depend upon the wishes
of the colonists." Suddenly, in 1849, in open defi-
ance of public opinion and ministerial promises, the
colony was informed that an order in council had
formally converted the Cape into a penal settlement,
and a cargo of convicts, common malefactors, would
in a few days arrive on the coast; and Lord Grey
added insult to injury by telling the colonists that
" when they became better acquainted with the con-
victs, they would regard the measure as a beneficial
one !"I
This extravagant act of the minister kindled a
flame which he had little expected. Although it
quite took the colony by surprise, although only a
few days remained for a community wholly inex-
perienced in political agitation to concert measures of
resistance, a plan of defence spread like wildfire
among the people, and seemed to be adopted simul-
taneously in all parts of the country. This was tho
adoption of the famous non-intercourse "pledge,"
with which government had been menaced in 1842•.
In a few days the ship arrived, destined to ride at
anchor there for eight months, as a visible sign of
the despotism of the minister and the resolution of
the colony—she arrived, but found it impossible to
unload her cargo, because the people had determined
on passive resistance.

In pausing hero I will remark that the British
government has encountered several cases of passive
resistance in its colonies, in India and elsewhere; in
every case it has thought it necessary to yield, ex-
cept one—at Boston, in 1773; and because it did not
yield then it lost our North American colonies.
I remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
AFRICANUS.

• Papers relating to Representative Legislature at the Cape of
Good Hope, tcsl, pages svi., and 196, 218.
♦ Papers as above, page v.
Papers as above pp. 1, 3 --Cmrerponfienee with Lord John
Rumen on Representauve Government at Cape of Good Rope—
PM 11.
Papers as above, pp. 6,9, 7. Napier's Ezeunion ; Introduction,
PP. xi. to ssaiii.
blue Boot, Cape, May 19, 1651, p. 25.
*I Papers se above, pp. vii., a., it., vi.

CHARGE OP ATTEMPTING TO NIERDER.—We have
already published in the Express some particulars of
the strike at the foundry of Messrs. Kitson, Hewitson, and
Co., at Leeds; and of the disturbances which have taken
place between the turn-outs and the workmen now em-
ployed by the firm alluded to. Last week we stated that a
man named James Wilkinson had been apprehended on the
charge of having, with two others, waylaid Robert Master-
man, one of the men in the service of Messrs. Kitson and
Co., on the previous Monday morning, and attempted to
murder him by beating him with sticks. Masterman has
been seven yearn in Messrs. Kitsoc's employment, and is so
still ; and the prisoner Wilkinson was formerly in the
service of the same firm, but, at the time of his
apprehension, he was employed at the Railway
Foundry, belonging to Messrs. E. B. Wilson and Co.
It will be remembered, from what we have before published,
that when the attack was made upon Masterman he was
armed with a loaded six-barrelled revolver pistol, five of
which barrels he fired off at his assailants, one of the balls
taking effect. Since the examination, on Thursday last,
another man, named Thomas Holmes, formerly employed
as a striker at Messrs. Kitson and Co.'s, has been taken
into custody, be having a gunshot wound in his right side ;
and, on the supposition that the attack upon Muterman
has been instigated by other parties, placards were yester-
day (Wednesday) morning issued offering a reward of M.
for the apprehension of the parties who have suggested the
attack. The case has, therefore, now assumed a very
serious aspect, and the borough justices are engaged in in-
vestigating the matter. Yesterday the two prisoners,
James Wilkinson and Thomas Holmes, were brought up in
custody, at the Leeds Court-house, when Masterman
stated the particulars of the attack upon him, and a good
deal of evidence affecting the prisoners was heard, but the
examination had not terminated when our paroel was
despatched.