The Express.
London, England, 1865-02-03 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 3.

Titans members of the Cabinet who are not, like
their leader, in the happy position of enjoying the
confidence and receiving the praise of both sides
of the House of Commons, will find it worth
while to give some thought to What is going
on in the great towns of the North. The crowded
meetings held at Bradford, Leeds, and Manchester
may convince them that those who are most
concerned in the matter do not consider the ques-
tion of an extension of the franchise at an end,
when the insincere on one aide of the House of
Commons have agreed with the fiercely exclusive
on the other to shelve it altogether. The people,
it is seen, stand where they did--asking no less
than formerly, and asking it no less seriously be-
cause promise-breaking has been added to
former sins against them. It will be observed
that the claim for an enlarged representation
of the working claws is preferred in the name of
justice. Claims placed under that sanction do not
soon die, and if anti-reformers wish to rebut this
particular one, they should, in prudence, appeal to
some principle not less powerful. The real ques-
tion raised when an extension of the franchise is
spoken of is, whether the representation of the
people shall or shall not remain a part of our
system of government. Some of the arguments
which are daily laid before the public assume that
it should not. It is becoming common to read that
representation is a means, not an end, and that
for the purposes of Parliament in England it has
been carried far enough. This is to break with
the ancient principles of the Constitution, and
deliberately proclaim the government an oligar-
chy. To withhold the franchise as a matter of
obvious prudence from those who are only in a
state of preparation for its exercise is one thing ;
to declare that the number of the people, which
is one of the very elements of their importance,
must for ever disqualify them for the privilege of
voting, is another. The idea of self-government
by means of representation is far from constituting
the whole essence of the English idea of freedom,
but it is inseparably interwoven with it, and we
shrink from the consequences of an avowal that
the interests of the minority require the perpetual
exclusion of three Englishmen out of every four
from a right to take part in the affairs of their
country. There are also other anti-reformers who,
without propounding any definite theory of govern-
ment, ask whether the unrepresented have any
to complain of ; whether they do not get
enough wages, food, and clothes, and if they do what
more they can want t This inquiry, which we
should have thought obsolete, so completely does it
ignore all but the lower nature of man, if it had
not been prominentlyllaced before the public this
week, is the same which is urged in other countries
when efforts are made to enfranchise those un-
happy persons who are deprived of social liberty
for the benefit of their owners. But it can never
be for the interest of society to deny a sphere of
exercise to faculties of which its members are
conscious, and which, in defiance of legitimate ex-
ercise, will be perverted to the injury of the com-
monwealth. The argument against a moderate ex-
tension of the suffrage from the supposed class
feeling of the unrepresented is handled so ably in
another column by a correspondent who speaks
with the authority of large personal experience,
that we only advert to it.
The reception given to Lord AMsZBLEY at Leeds
is a proof of the feelings of gratitude which are
entertained by the people for that statesman whose
name is more closely connected than that of any
of his contemporaries with the promotion of every
kind of civil and religious liberty, who has twice
within these four years endeavoured to open the
door of the Constitution to the unrepresented, and
whose voice, we may be sure, will be heard again
when their claims are to be advanced by advocacy
in Parliament. There was a freshness and frank-
ness about Lord AmersLay's address which is very
agreeable in these days, when everybody is trying,
and with considerable success, to seem prematurely
old. The speech of the new candidate for Leeds
was as " thoughtful "as if he bad been the disco-
verer of a new "Liberal dilemma," and it had a
soul in it. Lord Ansssw truly observed that
the battle in whirl:Mil) has come forward to take
part is the same as that in which his father was
engaged in 1831 and 1832. The same arguments
are used now as then, and ere met by the same kind
of rtitst"nce. He adopts and endorses the old
Liberal doctrine recently proclaimed by Mr. Ca.A.D-
MON; that the presumption of the Constitution is
against the anti-reformers, and that it is not for