The Express.
London, England, 1851-05-06 00:00:00

FRANCE.

PARIS, MONDAY EVENING.
The 4th of May has passed in complete tran-
quillity. Notwithstanding the torrents of rain that
continued falling all evening, immense crowds cir-
culated in the Place de la Concorde and the Champs
Elysces; but the great point of attraction was the
cascade from the bridge, which caused the quay and
terrace of the Tuileries to. be densely occupied with
embroiled spectators.
To-day was distributed to the Assembly the bill
for the ratification of the treaties concluded with the
Argentine confederation and the republic of Uruguay.
In the ingenious preamble by M. Baroche, the new
Minister of Foreign Affairs turns to account his dex-
terity as an advocate, and exhibits the advantages
gained by the new treaties in the moat plausible
light. He said that the Assembly having, by the
adoption of M. do Hance's motived order of the day,
renounced its previous intention to abandon the whole
question, or declare war, and left the executive power
free to pursue its own emirs°, negotiations had been
renewed, and the inacceptablo conditions of the
previous treaties had been successfully removed.
To the state of Montevideo had been secured a more
explicit recognition of its independence by its two
adversaries ; the liberty of its elections; the sub-
mission of Oribc to the national ballot; the evacua-
tion of its territory and re-establishment of good rela-
tions of neighbourhood with the Argentine Republic;
the free enjoyment in common of the navigation of
the Uraguay ; lastly, a complete amnesty for the
past, an amnesty which is to be extended to ulterior
eventualities, that is to the conflicts which may result
from the non-acceptation of the treats- of the Oriental
government. Negotiation has now been completely
exhausted, and the Assembly may rest satisfied
that if the treaties be rejected, only war or total
abandonment of the cause remain. The latter alter-
native would be unworthy of a great nation ; while
the former would involve, on the one hand, great
outlay at a moment of financial depression, and, on ,
Ithe other, hostilities without result, a momentary and
sterile vengeance, of which 20,000 Frenchmen,
settled at Buenos Ayres, would bo the first victims;
or a temporary occupation, a system condemned by
experience; or, finally, a war of conquest full of
hazard, and in which even success would only pro-
long a state of things which ought immediately to
be put an end to. The present state of
things imposed on the treasury an annual
sacnice of seven millions of francs ; it necessitated
the employment of a large maritimeforce,and stopped
the development of French commerce in countries
which offered, in time of peace, vast markets. Three
essential points had been secured by the present
treaties .-4&stly, the dependance of the Oriental
Republii ; secondly, the safeguard of French com-
mercial interests; and, thirdly. the legitimate Beds-
it:action of national susceptibilities. The points ob-
jected to in the old treaties were :--1. That by Art. 3
the disarmament of the foreign legion would be
totally accomplished before the evacuation of the
Oriental territory by the Argentine troops. 2. That
the vague expression of Art. 7, which reserved to the
Argentine Government. the right of war, would leave
an opening for clams for indemnity which
would carit. new conflicts. 3. That the Spanish
text of Article 11, styled Oribe President
' of Uruguay, and derignatSthe government of
Monte Video merely as an booty de Ado. 4.
That by the secret article turn zed to the treaty of
1849, France engaged to abandon =elusively to

lOribe the management of the elections of the repre-
sentatives, who would proceed to elect the president
of the Oriental government. In the present treaties
the went article has been suppressed ; the new
elections will take place according to the forme pre-
meribed by the constitution, freely and without con-
straint; Oribe declares expressly that he accepts
beforehand the result. An additional clause in Art.
7 determined, in a manner perfectly equitable, the
mode of election to be followed in the two parts of the
Oriental territory occupiedat this moment respectively
hy General Oribe and the Montevidean government.
Ile French government declares, in the new Art. 11,
that it recognises as the government of Montevideo
only the authority which commands in that city ;
and in the person of Don Manuel Oribe
only hinter of brigadier-general. In the new
treaty it is expressly declared that the right of war
stipulated in lirt.7 cannot give rise to ulterior claims
to indemnity for accomplished facts. Art. 3of the
new treaty, reproducing in substance the principle
already laid down in the basis of Hood's treaty
in 1847, substitutes for the previous disarma-
ment the simultaneity of the disarmament and
evacuation, and thus gives an entire guarantee,
for the security of the Oriental inhabitants and for
the free election of the President of their Republic.
As to the second point, the safeguard namely of
French commercial interests, all that France could
do relatively to internal navigation, notbeing able to
impose upon American governments the principles II
of the treaty of Vienna, was to secure to the Oriental
State the tree enjoyment in common of the river
Uruguay. The objections to the commercial parts of
the old treaties turned upon Art. 5 of the treaty
with Oribe, which stipulated that the claims of French
residents at Monte 'Video should be examined ac-
cording to the faith of treaties then (July 13, 1846)
existing, and seemed to confine this guarantee to
claims founded on old facts, whereas it was st that
it should be extended to new facts, which might
arise after the pacification. Again, the vague terms
of Art. 5 of the treaty with Roses, which obliged
France and the Argentine Republic to restore to their
respective proprietors all the merchant vessels, with
their cargoes, taken during the blockade, might have
given an opening for exaggerated claims on the part
of the proprietors of those vessels and cargoes which
had been sold. Now on both these points satisfac-
tion had been obtained. Tho expression " faith of
existing treaties" had been cancelled in the first
treaty; and in the last the French government was
by an additional clauser=
ti held to give to legi-
timate proprietors the p of the sale of vessels
and cargoes. As to the third point, of legitimate
satisfaction of national susceptibilities, the amnesty
without restriction, proclaimed by Art. 5 of the
treaty with Oribc, would, in case the government of
Monte Video refused to adhere to the treaty, and
occasioned the renewal of hostilities, be extended to
"new facts to the term of the eventualities of the
war." Such is the account given by M. Baroche of
the new treaties.

To-day, thanks to the accord brought about by the
Duke de Broglie between the Bac de Rivoli and
the Rue des Pyrarnides, the fifth ballot for the elec-
tion of a councillor of state was final. M. Caussin
Perceval, formerly procurcur of the court at Amiens,
was chosen by 278 votes out of 531, and, therefore,
proclaimed duly elected. M. Come, the tiers-parti
candidate, obtained 228, and M. l)urcy 22.
To-day M. Berard presented to the Assembly. a
petition of citizens of the Lot-et-Garonne, praying
for revision of the constitution and the prolongation
of the powers of the President of the Republic. M.
Pascal Duprat maintained that the petition was un-
constitutional, and moved the previous question. The
president, General Itedeau, said that ho had remarked
nothing unconstitutional in the title of the petition,
the substance of which was unknown to him. If it
were unconstitutional, the committee on petitions
•

would dispose of it. lime the incident dropped.
M. Larochejacquelin complained that no report
had been yet made upon his motion for the revision
of the electoral law of May, presented on the Kith
January last. Ile heard that the committee of initi-
ative was still waiting for information promised by
the Minister of the Interior. lie desired that
it should be fully established that, at the moment
when petitions for the revision of the constitution
were flocking in, the indispensable condition of this
revision was the revision of the law of May 31,
(Diverse movements.)

M. Leon Faucher answered that be was waiting
for the reports of the mayors, whom he could
urge but not constrain. He would call on them
afresh to send in their reports, and as soon as he got
these he would make his own report to the Assembly,
For the rest, he was quite ready to accept the dis-
cussion of the law of May. Here the incident
dropped.
The Assembly then adopted a bill opening a credit
of 33,000 f. for the temporary building for the exhibi-
tion of pictures and statues at the Palais Royal.
The ministry has received an important check, at
tho close of tho sitting, by the adoption of the
amendment of Mr. Sautavra, proposing a reduction
of 9,000 fr. in the credit demanded for decorations.
The prodigal distributions of the legion d'honneur were
blamed.

It is confidently reported that General Aupick
will go as ambassador to Madrid, while M. de
Walewski is transferred to the diplomatic post to
which the general was appointed in England.

SPAIN.

MADRID, APRIL 29.
The Concordat, which has coat the Spanish Mi-
nistry so much anxious negotiation, has been ratified. The
minister will not, however, publish it till after the elections,
for fear public indignation might be raised. The persecu-
tion of the public journals, • persecution which so short a
time ago fell exclusively on the progressista journals, now
weighs heavily upon the organs of the Names party, the
Ileraldo and the A'pora being almost daily seised. The
elections absorb the attention of thepublic ; the letters from
the provinces arc almost exclusively tilled with details con-
cerning them. A Carlist band, composed of seven ex-
alters of Cabrera's troops, was surprised in the village of
Vilaura in Catalonia, on the 24th instant. As
a body of horse patrol was conducting them to °crone, they
made an attempt to escape, and their guards, to avoid the
trouble of securing them, killed the whole seven after a
desperate resistance. Montemayor, the phrician, who is
furnished with the needful by the banker Salamanca and
others, is constructing an immense balloon in the village of
Valverde, and has begun a course of lectures at the Atoned
on the principle which he contends he has discovered. So
numerous was the audience that it was necessary to *end
for the police to prevent disorders. A letter from Jaen
mentions tkat two rich merchants who had imprudently let
themselves be seen counting their money in a road-side inn
were attacked by highwaymen and murdered, and that a
boy who was with them, and who carried their money, was
thrown by the murderers into a heated oven, but the latter
having escaped, met a body of civil guards who succeeded
in securing the highwaymen and conducting them to
Grenada, where a military commission has sentenced them
to death. The assassins are said to be of the gipsy race.

CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 15.
It is with a feeling of shame and dissatisfaction
that I write this letter—the English policy has been
defeated again by M. Titoff. The 9uestion of the
liberation of Kossuth was transacted in a conference
of die Grand Vizier, Sir Stratford Canning, and
General Aupick, and they advised the Sultan unani-
mously to met the Hungarian refugees at liberty, u
the last term of their detention has elapsed on
the anniversary of their arrival at Kutaya. But the
ambassadors of Russia and Austria entered a pro-
testation against this decision, pleading a supposed
secret understanding between Kossuth, the German
revolutionists, and the Italian patriots. A visit of
the Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein paid to
Kossuth and the presence of M. Bevis, an Italian
liberal, at Kutaya, are the facts to which the am-
bassadors allude in order to give weight to their in-
sinuations. Now, the Prince of Schleswig-Holstein
is an accomplished and amiable man, who has
no connexion with the German democrats, but he
is the man whose birthright to the duchies'
was put aside by the famous convention of
July last, when the representatives of Russia and
England declared in London that the integrity of
the Danish realm prevails against all the treaties,
and had virtually deprived the prince, who has no
rights to the Danish crown, of his eventual just
claims to the duchies. The Sultan, yielding to the
views of M. Titoff, rejected the propositions of Sir
Stratford, and Kossuth remains therefore in prison
fora couple of months more, as they say ; but it is
now just a year that all the diplematista held the same
langGage, that the detention of Kossuth was to last a
couple of months—not longer ; and this means in the
diplomatic language till May, 1832, if poison will
not despatch him earlier, because Austria Bars too
much his presence in Europe at the moment when
the crisis in France will probably arrive. Though
the Turkish government will assign another and a

healthier fortress than Batty* to the detained
patriots, and though she treats them with every
respect, yet everybody knows it here that English
influence is checked entirely by Russia, and that
therefore the Russians will always And some pretext
for the extension of the time of Bismuth's imprison-
ment. Had Sir Stratford in time protested against
the principle of detention, all this could not have
happened ; but when in Octobcr,lB49, he expressed his
approbation of this principle, he solemnly reminded
the Sultan of his duty of good neighbourhood to
Austria, which demands that the refugees should be
shut oat from the intercourse of the civilised world,
though there is no treaty in existence which enforces
such obligation, and ho recommended only that
Kossuth should be treated according to his position.
At this time Sir Stratford was backed by the En-
glish squadron of Sir William Parker, and yet he
did not protest against the detention ;he approved
only the resolution taken previously by the Sultan,
before he was sure of the support of England, not to
deliver up the Hungarians--Sir Stratford did no-
thing more for them. The Turks are aware of this
dealing, and when 1 explained yesterday to a high
functionary here, that it is a shame for the Porte to
be the gaoler to Austria, the Turk replied, " And
what have you English done for the Hungarians ?
You have made great speeches in parliament and in
meetings, to the great gratification and amusement
of the orators and of the assembled crowd—but we
did not see the result of these speeches—we heard
the clapping of the mill, but no corn was ground in
the mill ; we saw no flour coming out ; your pretended
sympathy for Hungary is a sham. The Sultan
did more ; he gave not way to the threats of Russia,
and, at the risk of a war, he did not comply with the
peremptory demand for the extradition of Kossuth, I
though he was not mire of the English support ; in-
deed,
,your fleet did good for the Jew Pacifico, not for
the Hungarians. The Sultan acted but upon the
advice of your Reis Effendi, Lord Palmerston, and
your ambassador, in sending Kossuth to Kutaya; he
treated him liberally, whilst your government never
sent a piastre for the Hungarian refugees who fled
to England, and all the subscriptions of your great
men for those unhappy fellows did not amount to
the sum granted by the Sultan to Kossuth alone.
You became parties to the transactions which finished
with the detention of Kossuth ; you see the Hunga-
rians starve in England, whilst we treat them libe-
rally ; and now you reproach us for having acted
according to your advice and having done more than
you did. The Franks are really a strange people :
they make a great noise, and then they pretend they I
have done a great deal, and think that they are en-,
titled to make reproaches to those who did more but
spoke less."
I must confess I blushed a little, for I saw that
after all my Turk was not wrong.
More gratifying than the unhappy result of Sir
Stratford's last representations is the fact that those
of the Hungarians who turned Mussulmcn and who
were till lately detained in Alep, will now be em-
ployed in active service. Kurshid, too (Guyon), who
remained Christian, receives the Nishan of Ferik
Pasha (General of Division); ho will probably be
sent to the Arabian army, where he might, perhaps,
soon get the op ...rtunity of distinguishing himself
anew, for tho .crences with Egypt are not yet
settled. Tho Sultan enforces the Tansimat, or asl
you call it, the Hattishcrif of Gulhane ; he insists'
upon it that the time of military service should be
fixed in Egypt as well as in Turkey, that acrvage
should be abolished, and that the taxes should be
levied in a more proper and less oppressive way than
before. If Abbas Pasha does not comply with this
peremptory demand, the armies of Syria and Arabia
will enforce the will of the Sultan, and Abbas Pasha
is likely to be replaced by Said Pasha, the youngest
son of the late Mehemet Ali. As to the Bosnian in-
surrection, it seems that it is entirely suppressed ;
the Sultan gave the order that the chiefs of the
rebellion should be punished, not by the halter or by
powder and lead, as the Hungarian generals were,
but by a temporary exile in Tripolis, where the Porte
grants to them an allowance, according to their for-
mer rank. It is a great example of humanity which
the Sultan gives to the west, but the civilised world
is not accustomed to accept lessons from those whom
they call barbarians.
lleports from Servia say, that Ali Fedich, one of
the Bosnian leaders, was amply provided with money,
and that he had received it from Croatia.