The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-11 00:00:00

LECTURER ON THE COTTON MANUFACTURE.

Lest night the first lecture—•n highly interesting
ens—of • aeries on the cotton manufacture, was delivered ae
the Whittingtoe club, by Mr. Frederick Warren, of Man-
chester. The lecturer, after vindicating the manufacturers
of LaDosehire tram the calumnies of interested parties,
entered into • description of the raw material. The cotton,
he
said, was the beard of a plant of the mme order as com-
mon sank-mallows; in colour it was either pure white, or
white tinged with yellow, the latter being that used in the
Manias fabric, and being indebted for its colour to a salt of
iron, peculiar to the soil of its growth. The fibres seen
through a microscope present the appearance of hollow cy-
linders, tortuous in their length, and tapering at their el-
, tremities, a 'Destitution in • high degree favoura-
ble to their being spun into thread. Botanists
differ in the enumeration of the varieties of the
plant ; but be practical purposes three division
are necessary. The tree cotton, the shrub etrton, and the
staple cotton. Of these the first end second sae useless in
trade ; the third is divided into as long staple and the short
staple. The longstaple is grown in the country bordering
on the Gulf of Florida, and in the Delia of the Ganges. The
short staple is the produce of the "wire peninsula of India
and of the southern state. of North America. These pi/U-
-nitary being given, Mr. Warren gave a history of the cotton
trade in this oDentey ; pointed out how it has been the moral
lever in the elevation of both England and America, and
exhibited the dangers to which it was exposed either from
the commercial jealousy of the American people, a
failure from natural cameo in their supply, or the probable
rebellion of the American slaves. " Should," he said, " the
manufacturing population of this coustry increase during
the text ten plan in the ratio in which it has, during the
ten yarn just past, it will become necessary, in order to sup-
port and empley them, to secure • permanent and cheap
supply of cotton, This can be done by
_cultivating it in Bri-
tish-India, where, on the authority of Major-General Briggs,
Bir Charles Forbes, and others, there can be produced a
supply. sufficient to meet the wants of the entire world,
equal in quality to the article supplied from New Orleans,
end cheaper than it by one-half, the wages of the American
slave b tog Is. 61. per diem, that of the free Hinders 2d.
The advantages derivable bete such a course are, the Der-
, tainty of • good supply, the consolidation of our Indian pos-
sessions by the means of commerce' and the emancipation of
the American slaves by rendering their labour profitless to
their owners.

Throughout the entire lecture Yr. Warren was littered to
with marked attention, and drew many plaudits from the
sadist oe.

RAILWAYS.

NAIIIIR AND Lugs,—Oa Saturday, the chairman of this
coal:nay, Mr. Andrew Speniswoode, issued a reply to the
proprietors, wLo, at the kat hall-yearly meeting to July,
passed a resolution retreating him to retire from the direr-
don. The chairman, is hie reply, declines to do this, con-
sidering it would bee violation of the trust reposed in him
by the Hlrian government. He mates that the terms on
which the larger portion d the ken of 500,0001. has been
contracted for on behalf of the company are ruinous to the
shareholders ; that the direetors, as yet, ban only obtained
238,24.51. ; and that for 207,0771. of the sum, they have given
debentures to the amount of 324,6201., Wog a premium of
118,5431., or upwards of 50 pet cent This, besides the loss
of capital, increases the interest on the money borrowed to 8
per oat, per annum, and the malt, supposing the dena-
tures fall due at the end of five yeah, will be, that for the
mmammoiation of 328,4071. at 8 per cant., the company will
have to pay a bonus of 179,5931.

rigitcm RAILWAY TAAenc.—The following are the last
reline et t r pose melees of is priodpal TAM* raihraym :
!!eerie.—Pros Am. 37 to Sept f : nannies% 270,303 L. Pods.
vat; total, 4/1,04K
.—Prom Aar. Xto Sept. 1 : Promengent, 1 t4,633f. ; goods,
WOK ; total, 311,521 L
Mayas—ltem Aug. IS 90 Sept. 1 : Pronessgen, 40,967 ; goods,
ANIL; Mak 99,9704.
Oaseaeareta Avg. 27 to Sept 1: Paareagero, 106,7951.; FLAB,
97,399 L ; total. 991.153 f.
losoetoz.—Prom Aug. 10 to Avg. 33: Paamegars, 14,370 f.; goods,
31.213 E ; 02,945 E
Viassoor.—Tion Aug. 27 to Sept. 2: Posiogers, 41,3131.; goods,
2Cti;ourbtl, MOW
—Prom Aug. 17 to EWA 1: Possagon, /3,24 U.; pods,
MASA ; Welk AXIL
Du.r&—rtas Amt. 116 to Sept Posteerre, 12,159 f. ; good;
11.1172 f. ; total, 21.0311.
gamma—From itag. 23 to Aug. 31: Pmergera, 10,102 f. ; goods,
1.1711.; total. 21.171 f.
Itravisvire.—Ticsa Aug. II to Sept. 2 Peemogere, Kent ; geode
12,4101.; total. MAN-
ATIONO3I.—From Aug. 19 to 114.11 t Paiewiers,4oooot; goodr.
10,9171.; total, 61,4211.

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