The Express.
London, England, 1851-09-11 00:00:00

GERMANY.

With regard to the intelligence given yesterday,
from the A4lner &dung, a telegraphic despatch,
dated Berlin, Sept. 9, says :—" A treaty of union
between the Zollverein and the Steuerverein was
yesterday concluded, by Prussia in the name of the
first of these customs associations, and by Hanover
in the name of the second."

The treaty comes into operation on tho let Ja-
nuary, 1854.
The A;lr.er &dung adds :--66 The treaty has been
concluded, subt to the approval of the Chambers.
Munekhausen, president of the Hanoverian
ministry, accompanied by the minister you Ham-
merstein, has arrived by express at Berlin, to at-
tend to this matter."

AUSTRIA.
THE NEW LOAN.
The conditions of the loan, which is to be raised
by subscription, were published in the Wiener Zei-
tong of the 7th inst. Foreign subscriptions will be
received in Frankfort, Stuttgard, Amsterdam, Brus-
sels, Antwerp, l'aria, Hamburg, Berlin, and
Breslau ; for English subscriptions no provi-
sion is made. Tho principal features of the
loan are, that it bears interest at 5 per cent., and
consists of two series. The interests of series A are
payable in Austria, those of Bin the above-mentioned
cities. The subscriptions for series A begin on the
9th and conclude on the 27th of this month.
Series A is issued at 93, and series B at 100 per
cent. in Austrian bank notes. Subscribers before the
16th of September will be allowed two per cent., and
those who take shares in the loan on or before the
23rd of the same month one tier cent. In order to
stimulate the bankers to action an additional one-
half per cent. will be allowed for all subscriptions
_
• hard cash

amounting to 50,00011. Payments in hard ...a will
be received on the following terms : In September, 1851,
1009. in silver will be considered as 11711. in bank-
notes; in October as 11611. ' • in November as DS& ;
in December as 1149. ; and so on, gradually dimi-
nishing until the month of November, 1832,
when there will be no difference made between
paper and the - metals. Fr- subscrip-
the

,
_._ they rt.... produce ,„ . precious .oreign .
_.....ement; 1.. I doing,
lame effect as that at tkuTrksitrif"-iiii sMthe pietare, Dona, if paid in foreign moneys will be taken at --. of the native labourers from their employment, aresejea
frewalti
thdiesassr.ottnliea
sad they found that it might be ceased by a leech current rate of exchange in the places were the sub- ' their warlike passions, excites general alarm amon4 the
disgorging blood. They rolled a leech in a piece of ecriptions are made. The amount of the loan is settlers, and throws the whole colony into a state of cane..
linen, and caused it to deposit several drops of blued Rua at B,l,,xx),(xmit stun, of which the evil consequences are felt atv,e the at.
tempt
iithtb"stad°tencodi our own colony, at this time, it •
on an oil painting. These drops preserved their and the cum subscribed will be
form. Ten minutes after they wiped them awaymade known within " l4 days from the 27th of this
is
with a white pocket-handkerchief, as Dr. Clement month. The interest of foreign subscriptions will
had done at St. Saturnia ; and twice obtained the sane be paid in Amsterdam at the rate of 1 guilder makes it meet apparent that the only sure ' not
nectigarfor :het° edewilsell. whichßut eivitfieryiet
re-
marks
as he had done. They repeated the experiments 123 3-3ths e., in Frankfort of IL 12, and in Pans and wed,
several times un different groups, with the same smaltA ' Brawls, cg 2f. 64k. per Austrian florin. ments, and the only permanent safnuanl against
and an bout after could produce stains on linen. Tlietr As the 7th was S da dthf 11 • da the peculiar
un y, an e o own] dangers .to which they are liable, must
opinion was that Rom might have employed • leech. A g 9thy be sought in the concession to the colonists of the right of
man named Gay, and his wife, mid that *ay had gong to was a holiday, it would not be known till the regulating their own affairs. They , who are most hate-
the chapel in December at three o'clock is the Ilhornang, in what effect the conditions of the loan would have on rested in the maintenance of peace and good government,
order to be the first to see the miracle. A little aker, 'Change. It was said that if the price for the home will probably manage, if leR to •:ae melees, to secure those
Rose Tamisier and Josephine Inibert arrived, aad west into market were 92 to 93
percent. it would be willingly tentage& ;or if they h
6-iw ed at times fail in so doing,
the chapel, where they remained alone for some time. taken, butwho ind ced to subscnbe
many were u the fault, like the suffering would be their own, and ex-
' The witness then heard Rose say, " All is rerly—go cad Iperienee would doubtle,s
tell the cure." Josephine then went away. tea- largely to the last loan had declared that they would errors in future. At pre h • teach them how to avoid similar
I eluded the evidence for tit.• prosecution, and witnesses ewe not invest an iota in Austrian securities. A letter to be thrown away .sent, experience and warning seem
Uron the rashness and incapacity of our
° then called fee the defence. I dated Vienna, September 7, says : , inespunsible rulers. -
The first was a gendarme, named Brioll He said that
It is supposed that foreign speculators will have more
on the 20th December he was sent to Saint Saturnia, sad .
the hoped to preserve order. After the arch-
stationed in c. confidence in an absolute government than in one ham-
i A VW'. TO TILE SEAT OF WAR LN
bishop went away on that dry, Dr. Clement applied a 1 pared by a Diet, and this probably induced the cabinet I KAFFRARIA.
pocket-handkerchief to the picture, but there were no to let the August ordinances precede the loan. It is, I r.cing idle in Cape Town, where I had come for
stains. Another gendarme then examined the PoindoB I however, but simple justice to add, that those in office t'-e purpose of recruiting my health, that was somewhat
with a lighted candle, but the wounds of Christ were quite I tell the story in a differentand that
way, state abeeken by a long residence in tropical countries, and having
dry. Alter about ten minutes, witness noticed that the 1 ISo far recovered as to feel wearied with the tedium of the
wound on the side became much redder, and presently he 1 ministers considered themselves bound in honour to let Sae i place, I gladly accepted an invitation to go in one of her
saw with profound astonishment that blOod, began to tom reign financiers know the exact guarantee which Austria i Majesty's ships to the scene of war in Katfraria. The eon-

fusion and bustle that prevailed on board for boon before
starting was such as I have only witnessed on hoard a Bel-
fast steamer, about to start with a cargo of Irishmen and
pigs for Glasgow. At one part of the !hip horses were
being got out of the boats alongside by means of a derrick
or crane that hoisted them on to the deck ; at another part
boxes, cases, and trusses of hay, with casks variously
marked " wine," "preserved meats," "tobacco," "beer,"
and "glass, with care," were being pitched on board faster
than a doyen men, stationed by the gangways, could get
them pared along; while passengers, in the shape of of
going on duty to the scat of war, some with wives,
and some with heavier encumbrances in the shape of wives,
children, and servants, might be seen making the best of
their way up the ship's side, and adding to the universal
din and hubbub by their anxious inquines as to the dispo-
sition of themselves and their baggage. it was past sun-
set before the tumult and noise had at all subsided. By
that time the horses were secured between the ship's bul-
warks and strong barricades that ran along each side of the
deck, and were now busy munching the corn out of the
nosebags that grooms were fastening on their heads; pas-
sengers who had got sleeping berths became quite agreeable
and chatty, and those who had nothing Pare their choice
of the softest plank, seemed at any rate reconciled to their
lot; the heaps of luggage were being stowed in regular
piles, and all the boats had left for the shore, save the poet
captain's, who was just preparing to shove off. In an boar
after the engineer came aft and reported the steam up; the
anchor was weighed, and just as the moon, that was in
her third quarter, got up from behind a lofty screen of
mountain range, we began to paddle slowly out of
Table Bay. Thu night was clear, calm, and cloud-
less, and as we made a long sweep in order to
avoid the shipping which crowded the buy we had a fine
view of the capital of southern Africa. Table Mountain,
that formed the background, rose more lofty in the pale
moonlight, and its long flat summit looked more exteaded
than usual, while the great mountain that rose to the left,
like a colossal lion in a rage at being disturbed in his slum-
bers, looked more than ever like that animal from which it
receives its name. By the time we passed the harbour-
light we were at full speed, a light breeze from the N.W.
sprung up about midnight, just as we were rounding the
Cape, the watch set sail, and all night we went bowling
along at the rate of ten knots an hour. By next morning
we were off Agalhas, the most southern point of Africa,
which until April last boasted the only lighthsuse along the
coast. Since then another has been lighted at Cape Recite,
the westernmost point of Algoa Bay, which will no doubt
do much to advance the town of Port Elizabeth, that is
about ten miles from it. On the morning of the third day wo
reached Port Elizabeth, where we tired a gun to awaken the
inhabitants that they might send off for their letters that we
had on board. But this failing to disturb them, we left
them on board a ship lying there' and without hardly halt-
ing, held on our course for Buffalo mouth, where we were
to land our promiscuous cargo. From Algoa Bay to Buffalo
we kept closer to the land than we had hitherto done, that is
here not very high, but preserves a gen'le undulating
appearance all along the coast, and as far in al the eye
could reach. Next morning, on getting on the paddle-box
where the officer of the watch was, I found him looking
a-head with his glass for the Cove Rock, which lies about
seven miles to the west of the Buffalo, and is the chief mark
for approaching that river. About eight o'cloca it was
made, and in about a couple of hours more we were at
anchor off East London, the seaport of British Kaffraria.
Since leaving Cape Town the ship had steamed along so
steadily, that when below one hardly knew that she was
moving through the water at all, hut no sooner had we let
go our anchor than a great change took piece, and those
who had been congratulating themselves on being good
sailors, and had attested it by the vigour of their appetites,
all at once became so enamoured of the crieundared deck
and fresh air, as not to hesitate even to sacrifice their din-
nen in their enjoyment of these luxuries. The sea certainly
was calm, and there was hardly a breath of wind, but the
immense rollers that set in from seaward and took us right
on our broadside, made us roll till our paddle-boxes
would every now and then come thump against
the sea, and once the green top of u great huge
fellow came tumbling into our decks, to the great alarm of
the poor horses, who, wearied with the lung standing and
unused to this motion, could with difficulty keep their feet.
The surf on the coast looked terrific, and all day long it
was only one continued succession of gigantic waves that
rolled into the mouth of the river, to break over the bar
into what appeared a lake of seething foam. As there
was no chance of landing the first day, we foul ample time
to take a view of East London, that boasts about a 100 mud
hats and about twice that number of inhabitants. It is tho
only port of Kaffrana, and through it all the troops and
supplies have been landed fur the present war, and from its
being only about forty miles from the centre of operations,
the doing so has saved many thousands of pounds sterling
in the item of waggon hire alone. The huts that
go to form this important place occupy the slope
of a hill, having a long range of barracks on its
summit, that from seaward looks a very conspicuous object.
Front the ship everything looked dull and stagnant, which
was really the case, for iu consequence of the badness of tho
surf the business of unloading the N'PTIOUS crafts that lay at
anchor was suspended. and the people were waiting for fine
weather in order to resume operations. Towards evening
the surf was much less, and as an easterly wind sprang up
and freshened all night, there were great hopes of the bar
being passable the following day. Aud so it turned out ;
fur soon after daylight the crew were seen to be getting
into one of the huge surf boats, and pr. paring to shove off
from the shore. These boats rim on hawsers, that are
made fast from the shore to a buoy outside the surf, from
which, by means of other hawsers, the communication
is established with the ships outside. In an hour
or two we had two or three all ready to receive
their cargoes, which they were not long in getting. Being
most anxious to get on shore, I landed in the first boat, and
was astonished to find that the great fierce waves of yester-
day had so POOR subsided into a calm sea. The change
seemed almost magical, for now a skiff could ride in safety
over it, and I felt inclined to doubt whether I had seen it
in so vs ry different a mood, did not u low sullen murmur
that I heard as we creased the bar tell IRO that the wild
spirit of the surf was chafing itself at being restrained, and
longed to roar and moan again, and slush its wild waves
about as it did the day before ; and us we floated in safety
into the smooth part of the river, I felt much the Paine as I
would have done, had I succeeded in passing safely by some
slumbering tiger that I feared to disturb. Chase by the beach
where we landed, some fifty or sixty Kallirs were huddled
together, gazing at us as we stepped out of the boat. 'f he
Chief or Sbakli of the kraal, a village to which they be-
longed, was among the number—it stout, lusty fellow, ar-
rayed in a scarlet jacket, with military cap and trousers.
He was got up thus fine in the expectation of there beige
some important personage on board, fur on other days, I
was told, he only wears the blanket of his tribe. All tho
rest were naked, excepting the dirty old greasy blanket
each wore over his shoulders, but which was in general se,
loosely worn as to leave their whole person exposed.
first went to their kraal, that was not far off, and which. I
found to be a filthy wretched place, with cottages like b ago
worn-out bee-hives that were alike incapable of 'mote ctiug
its inmates from sun or rain. These wretched huts
were mostly made of straw, and so low that it was only pos-
sible to stand tonight in the centre. The ea.tcnt of the
floor might be some six or seven square feet, and the door-
way was so low that an individual of four feet could not
enter without stooping ; yet this formed the habitation for
a whole family that might amount to ten or twelve indivi-
duals. The interior of these hut. were filthy in the extreme,
and men and women were lying about inside, Or standing
idly by the opening which boasted of no door.
Offal, refuse, and every manner of foulness lay
around the huts, from which the sun's rays extracted the
most disgusting odour,, that forced me to tarn my back on
the scene, anything but delighted with Pais my hest speci-
men of Kaffir life. I must, however, in justice to the
Kaffir, say that this kraal was very below the average
condition of those situated more in. Poe interior of the coun-
try, and that to form an opinion, of Kaffirlund from this
specimen, would be somethMsog like trying to make a de-
e in Clue applicable to all
lof some eretched *Ag
rrtirantiodn.

As I had determined to go to King William's Town' that
was about 45 miles off, I. applied to a merchant fur whom
had brought letters as to how horses were to be got, and
who not only mounted me well, but managed to get me a
remount at each station or. the road, so as to enable me to
ride up with the mounted escort that was to start early the
following morning.
By daylight I wax called, and before half-an-hour had
elapsed breakfast was over, our horses were got ready, and
our escort of Mor.nted Riflemen were by their horses in
the centre of thr. barrack square, all ready to mount when
given. Our party amounted to three, and,
betheinogrdaeir wsoLamed,
we felt ourselves a match for any num-
ber of Kering that we might meet. Nor was the appre-
hensiott of being attacked by any means groundless, for
parties of three or four had of late been often fired upon,
and that within a mile or so of a military station. After
gradual ascent of about a mile we lost eight of East Lon-
dolt, and entered upon a noble plateau, or flat, where, after
the confinement on board a crowded ship, it was a perfect
luxury to bathe the brow in the cool breeze, to give the
rein to your horse, and urge him along at the top of his
speed. Our spirits were light and gay, and we felt our-
selves in that buoyant condition when it takes but little to
please. Certainly, much less than we had would have
served to do so. The morning was beautiful, with the rich
I glow of sunrise yet streaming down the slopes of the hilly
range ahead of us. The road we galloped along was level
and firm. Our horses were in excelleut mettle and travel-
ling in company, each was eager to get ahead of b;s neigh-
boar, while the sound from their hoores, and the jingling
of the swords and horse gear of the dragoons came out
ringing and clear as they do in a crisp frosty morning at
home. The plain for miles all round glowed with fresh
Rowers that tinged it of a bright orange hue, and left no
green to be seen, save what grew on the beautiful mimosa,
that though stunted in growth from occasional want of
rain so as sometimes not to be more than three
, feet high, nevertheless preserves in its details of stem,
branches and leaves, all the completeness of the normal tree.
The Buffalo flowed in long serpentine sweeps in a deep ra-
, vine to our right, while before us and bounding our view io,
that direction rose tl.e blue hills whence that river takes
its rise, and from which it receives its name. After four or
lee miles ride along this level award, we aude.enly de-
manded into one of those ravines or passes that are so fre-
quently occupied by armed Kaffir', who are generally con-
cealed in the dense brushwood on either side. From the
constant traffic here lately the road had beeomc almost an
impassable quagmire, as we had to follow a short bridle-
path that, winding along the ski -et of the bush, exposed us
to the mark of any enemy that might be concealed within.
I observed that those of our escort that went ahead looked
anxiously about them as art apprehensive of an attack, and
when they had passed opt in safety stuck their spun into
their horses as if giving way to their delight at getting
through unscathed. From this a steep ascent brought
us to Fort Grey, which is merely a quadrangle of mud huts,

Mpy'air the summit of a hill that commando a very ex-
-u „wary, One pert of the buildisg is aditated to
the me of the comeausanat, and for its better pmstestied is
ismeinded with • wattel and daub breastersork, laving
ismholes through which it might be delbetied. The gimp I
sawn of this bulwark, that two or 11111111 sir oo= =ski
sib down with ease, gives one a goal idea of the essay we
bow to fight ht the "ilk, who, deshilled Y edythirig IA.
Naha/4 action, halms efaly the gee et his emegel sad gun.
Yves Fort (hey we rode along a Adis of had that takes
a north-westerly direction, and elopes down se seek side to
the plains below. He the soil we pee and misty, sad
the bare backbone of trap rock that tamed the ridge kept
inatimiony showing above the memo. This My, _called
the Ooolab Might', looks down to the Tight on the Beads,
that here flows in • deep ravine swag the dense leek
that grows to lofty trees on ita nosy pespendiadar tanks.
Oa the left it slopes down the isms way to a wide plain
that advance, in gentle tuadolitions bill It meets the Indian
Ocean, that may be seen ism tea =las off. We met hen
some thirty ox waggons, that mom going down to East
London for stores and provisions. They extended about
hell • mile in length, and !appeared to travel at the rate it
three miles or so an hour. They were preceded by a=
made up of Pate's men, who is the thief of the ll'
people, that occupy the coast land between the Kea.
lemma River and the Kye, and as far inland as King
William's Town, and to whom we arc indebted for main-
taining the communication between the sea coast end the
troops in Kaffraria. This advanced guard amounted to
about forty men ell variously armed with guns, bundles of
assegais and long sticks, orinuh-ki”rris, and with the ex-
ception of one tall majestic looking fellow in jacket and
boomer', and who sported • gold band round his cap, the
only article of dress they wore was simply the blanket or
Immtle of skins (called a karma) that is usually worn by
them. After this guard came the waggons, each preceded
by • wretched little boy, whose business it is to lead the
two foremost oxen by mesns of • piece of hide made fast
round their horns, and who is known by the name of " jove-
louper." The team or " span "of oxen, as it is called in
&oath Africa, generally amounts to 16 or It, though
ft is not a very unusual number for one waggon.
The driver of this cumbrous equipage is seated on • sort of
bee hi beat having no reins in his hand but armed solely
Ida on enormous whip of Mambo , which supplies sufficient
desuptitet for both his hands, and which he cracks with a
dexterity that takes years of practice to arrive at. The last
of this waggon train was followed by another party of
Kaffir', that presented much the same appearance as those
In advance, while the whole line was flanked with Hottentot
levies armed with muskets. It looked certainly a strange
meet for the protection of British property, and to me it
mos quite inexplicable to see Kollin guarding muskets,
ammunition, and provisions up to, where they were to be
wed against a branch of their own family with whom we
happened to he at war, but with whom they themselves had
no
quarrel, and with whom there is no doubt they deeply
sympathise. Nor was it a km strange sight to find
ourselves escorted by • party of the very same
Cape mounted corps that had been disarmed only • month
at two ago on account of their leaning to the enemy, and
who, we well know, supplied the Kaffir with bullets and
ponder, and fired blank cartridge at him in action, and
11611 i, there is no doubt, will be disbanded and sent about
auk business the instant Sir Harry Smith can lay his
We on cavalry that he can depend upon. At the end of
tls Boolah ridge, the white tents that form the encamp-
almt at Fort I'ato were pointed out to us glittering in the
MIL They occupy the flat summit of a gentle slope, and
Me surrounded by a fosse and breastwork of earth and
along piles of, wood arranged in the form of a quadrangle,
with redoubts at two angles, in which 120 levied troops were
womped. This temporary fortification has only been
lately erected, • and by way of compliment, as well
al b keep him in good humour, has been named
gr old Pato, the chief. It forms • safe halt.
plate for waggons and escorts that generally halt
fur the night, and no Kaffir', be they friendly or
glherwise, are allowed upon any account to enter the en-
dow,. On our arrival we found the place crowded with
amigo= that had rested, or, as it is invariably called,
esettanned," here for the night, on their way to
William's Town. They heel only just arrived, and
*sir trek oxen, that might amount to some five him-
Amid or more, were being driven down, attended by an
iced escort, to water at a stream hard by. In the ex-
'Nation of a good market numbers of Kafiri, with their
Daps and children, came thronging round the entrance
of the enclosure, carrying quantities of milk,
awl hair corn, that they offered for sale out of=
lesitele auk of grass that were so closely woven that not
atsop of the milk could find its way through. It eras'
to look at some of the women and nut be Mama
ak7"...-1191scauty and gracefulness of their forms that the
lightness of their attire amply exposed to view ; their eta
rage was erect and stately, and n betrayed the
slightest awkwardness ; their features, except in the ease
of the more elderly among them, were always round and
pleasing, and some three or four that I observed might, in
spite of their tawny hue, well be considered extremely
pretty. In their dress the ornamental was • great ingre-
dient. Bracelets, anklets, and necklaces were abundant
and in every variety, from the primitive cincture of shells or
dogs' teeth to glad heads of every colour. One singular
ornament caught our attention, end the notice that we
took of it caused some evident embarraesment in the wearer.
It we. the curb chain of a bridle highly polished that went
to ornament the ankle of a Kaffir maiden, that was far from
seeding any such foreign aid.

(To to soatlimi)

THE BRAZILIAN MAILS.

We add some interesting items to the intelligence
given in yesterday's Express.
Count Caxias, with a Brazilian force of 15,000 men,
had entered the Banda Oriental, and had either
formed, or was on the point of forming, a junction
with Urquiza who had also entered the Oriental
territories, at the head of 4,000 troops, from Entre-
nos. The declared object of this junction is the
expulsion of Oribe from the prenidsmey of the invaded
state; and to accomplish that, Admiral Grenfell is
directed to co-operate with the Brazilian naval force
already in the Plate, and under his command, with
the military operations of the army on land. Oribe,
though sutfentig front severe indisposition, had
placed himself at the head of the Uruguay soldiery,
said not to exceed 5,000 men. His principal hope is
therefore on such assistance as Roses may be able to
mend him ; and any help from Buenos Ayres it will
be Admiral Grenfell'i duty to intercept and prevent.
Roses had, it is moreover reported, some difficulty in
procuring,• any competent officer to undertake the
command of his auxiliary force. Under these cir-
cumstances, the odds appear largely against Oribe
being able to maintain his position ; and an expec-
Utica is expressed that the hostilities will not be of
any lengthened duration.
With the expulsion of Oribe,who has denied its re-
clamation, all redress, the Brazilian government will
be minified. It has no ambitious views of conquest
to meals Monte Video, and has not entered into any
Illigements with Urquiza to aid hint in the com-
bination that has been entered into by him and the
diets of the other provinces of the Argentine con-
/it/Aeration and Paraguay against RPM for the pur-
pose of his overthrow. And Admiral Orenfell has
been specially instructed, we learn from letters of the
best authority, to respect in all his proceedings the
commerce and property of neutrals in the Plate.
At Rio the proceedings, as detailed below, of a
British cruiser had excited the strongest indigna-
tion ; and on the government being questioned in the
Chambers on the subject of the outrage, the Minister
of Finance stated that the cabinet, feeling how
powerleis it was to protect the coasting trade of
Brazil against these attacks, had resolved to place it
ander die protection of the flag of some foreign
power strong enough to secure its flag from assaults
at this sort. The announcement was received with
shouts of approbation.
From the Jurstal do Commereio of Rio de Janeiro
of the llth of August.