The Express.
London, England, 1851-04-23 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY 'EVENING, APRIL 23, 1851.

however, this exception
line, that it is well"
travel upon. For
the public have, A
Western, which )kas
couraging the traffic of
respects the Caledonian
disastrous concerns in e_—
ordinary or original stock, between two sad three
millions sterling, is unproductive and saleable only at
a discount of 70 per cent.; in the sale of its pre-
ference shares you must lose 23 per cent. ,• it
has a liability of 400,0001. of tioatiug debt
unprovided for; it has a deficiency of 84,0361.
on the past year in respect of its preferences
and guarantees to contend against ; it is involved in
no fewer than 87 law suits; all the efforts of the di-
rectors to arrange terms between the ordinary and
the preferential and guaranteed interests have failed ;
and they are now promoting a bll in parliament to
raise an additional 600,0001., which has to be con-
tested inch by inch. Mr. DUNCAN, its chairman, was I
therefore quite justified in saying at the last meet- 1
ing of the Company " that he could not lay his
hand on any other line in the kingdom in such
financial difficulties." It is indeed a melancholy spec-
tack of human folly and recklessness and ruin. To
attempt and to succeed in resuscitating such a chaos
of embarrassment is an heroic work ; one for which
the ancients would have given the chief actor free
admission to their Pantheon.
Yet, to judge merely by a map, the Caledonian
would seem to be a likely line. In the days of
coaching and posting Carlisle used to be a town of
infinite traffic ; and the Caledonian runs thence in a
direct line to Glasgow, by far the most important
town in Scotland, and at Carstairs juts out a very
convenient branch to Edinburgh. True, it has on
the eastern coast to compete with the North British ;
on the western, with the Glasgow and South West-
ern ; and the country through which it passes is poor
and thinly peopled. Still the• Caledonian, as laid
out by Mr. Loege, is part of that great trunk route
which connects the commercial and political capitals
of Scotland with this metropolis ; and though the
through passenger traffic of all Scotland to London is
remarkably small, not exceeding probably 900/. a
week; yet if cheaply made and economically ma-
naged, the Caledonian was not an irrational specu-
lation, and it certainly was one of great political and
commercial interest.
But it fell into incapable hands and was plun-
dered by border robbers ; thence its woes. The
worthless land through which it ran cost three times
the pirliamentairy estimate. 'flint, perluips, the
original directors; could not help ; for the law has
placed railways in reference toland at the mercy of*
class which ljas no bowels of compas,:ioa for other
people, viz. the landowners.and most unserupulowdy
have they Used their powers. Experience has shown,
in the ruse of almost every railway made since the
enactment of the Lands Clauses Compensation. Act
that the difference between the estimated and
the actual cost of railways consists of the excess of
prices paid for land; and it is to the landowners
of the country that railway shareholders have
generally to ascribe preferential capital. Take,
tor instance, the Great Northern ; its accounts
show that its works, its plant, its rolling stock, have,
so far, all been made and bought within those estimates
which were disputed for upwards of eighty days in
committee; but that its land, the estimate for which
was deemed sufficient even by its stern opponents,
has required one million sterling more than the sum
it was originally valued at. And all because, in the
preparation of the statute referred to, landlord inau-
cum prevailed. In short, the interest that has most
benefited by, has must deeply injured, railways; the

tb.e. transition from►
' by the quiet of the
hare access to it.
that it is free
horns, has mado
. We still remember
eras occasioned some

good ADELAIDE—in a
moment of thoughtlessness, for she was in-
capable of anything unamiable palmed through
the gardens once with her suite on horseback. The
universal maternity of the surrounding districts was
thrown into°. fidgetof angry alarm. Ministers may rest
assured that the bare mention of a ride being made
through Kensington Gardens has awakened a deep
sense of irritation among all who are in the habit of
frequenting it, and more especially among those who !
hews base accustomed to consider their children as
sad there as in the nursery. It is unsafe for the
aristocracy of England to trifle with such sentiments
lat this time—to gallop rough-shod over the tastes of I
the public front whose touch they draw daintily sad
fastidiously back as if there were contagion in it-
Nor is this the only unwise temporising with the
peculiar character of the gardens that is in
progres or said to be in contemplation. The
gr s eat charm consists in its seeming seclusion. When
surrounded by solid walls, except on one side, I
amid its thick and lofty trees, the loiterer there felt I
as if he were far away from the noise, throng, I
and heavy atmosphere of the city. The throwing
open of the south side to the road by the substitution
of a railway has partly destroyed the illusion; and
now the opening of the north side to the Bayswater
thoroughfare is completing the work. A glare of light
is being let in upon the dark pines, and soon the garden
will be swept by dust clouds from the roads on either
side. Besides this, we hear talk of a new national'
gallery being erected in the garden to the north of I
the palace. The building in Trafalgar-square is in- I
deed unsuited to the purposes of a gallery ; but
could no new site be found without intruding upon
the only really sequestered lounge of the citizens?
If the good people of London are not on the alert,
that great pleasure-ground extending almost con-
tinuously from Whitehall to Kensington Palace will
bit by bit be filched from them. We did not join in
the complaints that were made about the recent
alterations in front of Buckinglium Palace : no new
encroachment was made by them on the right of
thoroughfare ; and it struck us as self-contradictory
on the part of those who have long been accustomed
to speak tauntingly of the non-palatial look of the
town residences of English sovereigns, to grudge the
attempt to make her Majesty's residence look a little
more palatial. But there ore suspicious indications
of these changes being carried further than is neces-

SWITZERLAND.

The first detachment of }limp, rian and Italian
refugees who lately deserted from the army of Ito-
detzky arrived at Herne on the 17th, under the
command of Colonel Purr. They are going to
America, by way of France. A great number of
them fought under the government of Kossuth.

sary.
If any one will take the trouble to inspect the
ornamental inclosure in St. James's-park, he will see
that a row of young trees has recently been planted
near its north side, extending from the front of the
palace to near the end of New-street. This cuts up
the expanse of grass—narrows it to an unsightly
degree; and a more minute examination will con-
vince him that if the space between the mall and
this new row is converted into a gravel walk it will
leave a carriage drive directly up to the central gate
in front of the palace, with two broad gravelled
alleys between rows of trees on either side. The
tilelung processes which are going on at both extre-
li
unties of these pleasure grounds warrant a strong
suspicion that such an encroachment upon—such a
disfigurement of the ornamental inclosure—is actually
in contemplation.
A good taste for building and the laying out d
pleasure-grounds is a feather even in a royal cap; bat
the powhant may be carried to an ungraceful ex-
treme. The proudest ornament of an English sove-
reign is the free and loving proximity of her subjects.
To gain this a little of formal ornament may well be
sacnticed. Even GEonta: 11., reproached as he has
been with anti-English sentiments, showed this
when he rebuked the keeper of Kensington Gardens
for presuming to turn the key on his subjects. If
there be any parasites about the palace now, who
seek by busying the royal attention with schemes of
stately and formal approaches, and other considera-
tions to divert attention from the intense enjoyment
which the inhabitants of the metropolis derive from
frequenting the great aggregate of parks in the
ice
mediate vicinity of the royal residence, no better ser-
vice can be rendered than to appeal to her Miitsrv's
generous sympathy with popular pleasures, in order
to counteract the insidious attempt.

_ . .
digestion' laboured for more than a year before • Kossuth, and declared, that this measure would be Mr. Webster is in the city, on kis way to Mani
they could come to sufficient understanding to make taken by the government for an act of hostility. We field, to recruit his health.
known their intentions through a public organ, and do not know yet what impression this despatch has Mr. Clay has left Ilavana for New Orleans in the
propagate their ideas actively through the press. Hays made in Constantioople, but we hope that Kossuth Ohio, with his health much improved.
ing pitched on the Amenable Nationale for the vehicle! is already free. General Scott is making a tour through the w
of their opinions they formed a company with sited'a- You will remember that, when the Austrians and tern states, where he is well received. At the p"‘
pital of 400,00 d, no,ooor. of which were depos Russians had claimed the extradition of the refugees sent moment, he is the most prominent At
there
lin the chest of the administration on the day on in 1849, the Sultan answered in the negative, and the presidency in the whig ranks.
which the committee. of direction, consisting of lkl NI. ; requested the advice and the good offices of the Eng- Our city is rapidly filling up with strangers. The
tGuisot, Ducluttel, Dumon, de Montebello, de Noailles, lish and French governments. The answer was: weather is becoming mild and pleasant, and our
Bettye?, de Valmy, Mole, de Salvandy, Montalivet,l" That the laws of hospitality, the dictates of hu- fruit trees, such as the peach and quints., are in full
and Vitct took possession of the AseemWe Nationale. Inanity, the general feelinp of mankind, forbid such blossom. One sign of spring is invariable. The
t The paper had at that moment a circulation of surrenders ; and that any independent government, Americans aro very fond of eating shad; and these
11,000 copies. which of its own free will were to make such a sur- appear on our coast always as the winter disappe,
The capitalist who supports the expenses of the render, would be deservedly and universally stigma- \Vhen shad arc freely offered for sale, we know that
Mesaager, as M. do Pontalba. tined as degraded and dishonoured." summer is nigh.
M. 'Maigne, a representative of the Assembly, has " But the Sultan has duties of good neighbourhood The city of New York at present abounds with
taken occasion of the Easter recess to visit Belleville, to fulfil towards Austria"—thus Lord 'Palmerston public exhibitions We have two French tr,,,,
' where his brother is imprisoned for the part he took in continues in his despatch to Viscount Ponsonby, of equestrians from Franconi's, a French valid:v."l%
the insurrection of June. The director of the prison, October 6, 1849—" and those duties require company, and a German company, a number of
however, refused to allow M. Maigne to hold any that he should not permit his territory to theatres, in full operation, and panoramas and p tir,t.
communication with his brother, whereupon an alter- be made use of as a place of shelter, 'from ings without en Julia Bennett continues to draw
cation ensued, which ended in M. Maigue's threaten- which comunications should be carried on for full houses at the Broadway Theatre.
ing to bring the conduct of the director under the the purposes of disturbing the tranquillity of any of Money is plenty, and the reaction we sonietimss
notice of the Assembly. the states which compose the Austrian empire. The fear to be close at hand keens off at a miss tahics
The President of the Republic, on the report of Sultan is therefore bound to prevent these Hunga- distance. Foreigners can scarcely understand the
the Minister of the Marine, has awarded a silver rian refugees from hovering upon the frontier of passion we have here for fine houses. Hunde il, of
medal of honour of the first class to Mr. Anderson, Hungary or Transylvania, and he ought to require large and commodious dwellings are now I, i L,
a master in the English royal navy, commanding the them either to leave the 'Turkish territory, or to take erected in the upper part of the city. No exiss...:';
coast guard station at Downderry, for saving, at the up their residence in some part of the interior of his spared in their construction. They are equsi t,, „,,,,t
risk of his own life the crew of the Flu nn, of dominions where they may have no means of coin- of the best houses occupied by the nobility in
~,,:,hare
munienting with the discontented in the Austrian and are owned principally by merchants eel:. hare
Bayonne, on the lath' of January last.
the governor of Martinique has notified to the istates." not been 20 years in business. We are surpri,ed
ministry of the colonies that the wreck of a three- The Porte knew well themeaning of this despatch, ourselves at this display of wealth among ewes:lees.
master, of 500 tons burihe, abandoned by the crew, which, translated fro the diplomatic language into Never did our country seem so prospeious a: rs
and laden apparently wthn cotton, had been met with plain English, saysm that Kossuth is to he sent to All we require is union, and we shall then M
by the Sirius, Capt. Langicr, on the 17th January, some remote fortress, out of the reach of civilisation, flourish.
in 34 deg. N. lat. and 12 deg. `slight lo from l'aris. and of postal intercourse. Though it seemed strange
The funds have declined . The Fives to the Porte that the duties of the Sultan. aS regards
closed at 92.33, with a fall of 3c. ;the Threes fell good neighbourhood with Austria, should be differ-
also 3c., and closed at 57.23. ent from the duties of England towards France;
that, whilst Louis Philippe, Ledru Rollin, Louis Blanc,
and all the proscribed French party chiefs are allowed
to remain undisturbed in England, where they have
meansenough of communicating with the discontented
in France, Kossuth should he sent to souse remote
part of the interior—the Sultan nevertheless pledged
himself, in an autograph letter to the Emperors of
Russia and Austria, to have Kossuth intern,. and
serreille for one year: and, moreover, that in liberat-
ing him, he would have every regard for the tran-
quillity of the Austrian empire. But it was not set-
tled in the amm,mapli letter when this year of detention
shall end : if the dete•nt ion wasto last to the anniversary-
of Kossinh's arrival in Turkey, or of the date of the
Sultan's letter. or of the arrival of the refugees at the
place of their detention. The first two anniversaries
have already elapsed, the third one is just to-day,
and from the last letters I received from Constanti-
nople, I see that there is a great probability for the
liberation of Kossuth. It would be the greatest
triumph of Prince Schwarzenberg's policy, and a
complete defeat of the English influence in the East,
if the last despatch from Vienna had induced the
Sultan to have the detention extended to the bon
'Adair of Austria.

gig Court.

WINDSOR, Tc ash
The Queen walked this morning in the Slope
The Royal Family took walking exercise.
Prince Albert, attended by Lieut.-Col. Ron.C. 11. P
and Lieut.-Col. Hon. Alexander Gordon, went to
at nine o'clock this morning, to proside at a meetin.t
Royal Commission for the Promotion of the
ltiil of the Works of Industry of All Nations.
Highness and suite travelled by a special train on thy.
West,rn Railway, and returned to the Caste at h..
three o'clock.

Prince Albert presided at a meetin3 of Ho-
Commission for the promotion of the Exhibition in
the Works of Industry of all Nations yesterday n.
MS Royal Highness arrived at the Exhibition fluff.
llydepark at ten o'clock, attended by Lieut.-Col.
Charles B. Phipps and Lieut.-Col. the lion. .
Gordon. The Commissioners as.ernbled at eleven -
There were present the Earl of Rom, the Earl lir
Lord John Russell, the Right lion. limry LtiP
•
Charley L. Eastlake, Mr. Barry, Mr. (Vint, -
Stephenson, M.P., :and Mr. Hopkins, President of t
logieat :society. Mr. Edgar Bowring, Acting
the Commission, was in att.hdanee.
of the Executive Committee, Col. Lloyd, Special
sinner, and Dr. Lyon Vlayfhir, Special Cuninti..siof
tended. The meeting broke up at a quarter p.
o'clock, when Prince Albert took his departure,
turnesl to Windsor Castle.
D.-patches were received yesterday at the Colonia
front the Governor of Canada, and front the Uovcr
the other North American Colones. Despatch-. w•
received from the Governors of Ceyl ttttt Van lb
the Mauritius, New Zealand, and New
Wales.
Lady John Russell has issued invitations for an as.
on Wednesday, the 3Oth inst., at the edictal reel
Lord John Rusaell, iu Downing-street.

The German papers received to-day contain
of importance.

BOSNIA.

Accounts from Bosnia to the Bth, in the Pirdoemtese
Gazette, state that, after the defeat of the insurgents
at Kozarak, Omer Paeha proceeded to Pridor, where
he still was at that date. The city of Boujaluka has
had to pay a contribution of 1,000 purses (120,000 fr.),
and that of Gradisca 230. Skanderlk•g has taken
the direction of Baum with 3.390 Turkish soldiers,
in order to attack Ali Kedish, who has rallied there
with a few thousand insurgents, the remnants of
those who were beaten at Kozarak. In Sercia,
AvramPetroneviek, Minister of Foreign Affairs of
the principality, has resigned, in consequence of the
Porte having required Servia to place 12,000 men at
the disposal of the Sultan, to act against Bosnia.
Prince Alexander Karagjortdevieh has left his resi-
dence of Belgrade for that of Krogujevalc, since the
application of the Porte—a measure considered by
some as a sort of flight.

(Prom la-t OVAL.* (11:ette.1
WDITEITALL, APRIL 18. The Queen has
pleased to grant the office of Solieitur-General for Sc
to John Cowan, Eoq., Advocate.
COMMISSIOS oIGS ED MY Tnt: LORD-LIEXTE:
or SouorsioliE.—lieury. George Ilaniage, G•nt ,
Cornet in the South Salopiau Corpo of Yeomanry Car.
COMMISSION SIGNED DV TUE I.OltD-LtEUTE
OF NOFFINOO.t)F,OULE.—ItoIwrt Itenchald
ton, Eej., commonly called Lord Robert Pelham I 'ho
he Second Lieutenant in the Sherwood gangers.

COMMISSION SIGNED HY THE
JF DENIIIERSIIIKE.—JOIIII WilliaMs, Esq., M.V.,
Deputy Lieutenant.
COMMISSIONS sIGNED BY TIIE LOILD-LI Et-v.!
OF Tlll COUNTY PALATINE OF L'IlEsTF.a. --I . ...
James Nicholson, to he Captain; Coniet William
mu: Nicholls, to be Lieutenant; Thomas Philip
Gent., and !Ivory Hill, lieut., to be Cornets in the I.
Cheater's Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry.

AMERICA.

BOSTON ELECTION.

CLOSE OF TOE POLL.

ail
Ih3

388
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4
•ption is • amour of ths lkirthern thing iaidprtssibly piddling In nig
l worked, and :safe and pliadant 4 terbustliiaid Waxy- 'Odie park to
thaw' superwritiv ii.i hag, a trisien, noisiest pedestrians alone
very Ihneh.lo t,Tt the Nort- esadditioa lb this, the knowledge
Ael 4 .pef:ikniary !bitriest in en- 1604 the intrusion of vehicles'and I
Be of ' the 011etloililds. la, of ' Aft especial resort of children. 1
lonian is certalnle one of the m the unpleasant excitement that wig
ns in the Univ.:a Kingdom. Its years ago when good Queen
. _s .1._...... --....0i •ton
thoutihtlessne•s, fig