The Express.
London, England, 1847-01-19 00:00:00

" OENTIZMEN OF THE ROUSE OF COMMONS,

"I have directed the estimates to be prepared, with
a view to provide for the efficiency of the public
service, with a doe regard for economy.
" MY LoRDB AND GENTLIMEN,

" I have ordered every requisite preparation
to be made for putting into operation the act of
the last session of Parliament, for the establishment
of local courts for the recovery of small debts. It
is my hope that the enforcement of civil rights in all
parts of the country to which the act relates,
may, by this measure, be materially facilitated.
" I recommend to your attention messureswhich will
be laid before you for improving the health atom's, an
albiletreberferoortenew or wthlt you will not fail to

appreciate.
" Deeply sensible of the blessings which, after a
a season of calamity, have been so often vouchsafed
to this nation by a superintending Providence, I confide
these important matters to your care, in a full
conviction that your discussions will be guided by an
impartial spirit ; and in the hope that the present
sufferings of my people may be lightened, and that
their future condition may be improved by your de-
liberative wisdom."

The following reached us subsequent to the receipt
of the foreign intelligence which will be found in
another page:
PARIS, JAN. 17.—Since the preceding was written
we have received a precis of the last note of Prince
Metternich on the subject of the incorporation of
Cracow.
The note bears date Vienna, 4th Yanuat7,and is ad-
dressed to Count Apporiy, that minister being
instructed to read it, and deliver a copy of it to M.
13uizot. This mode of communication leaves the
French cabinet at liberty to reply to it or not, at their
discretion.
The despatch affirms, contrary to what was recently
asserted in the Augsburgh Gazette, that the three
powers have been throughout in complete accord as
to the measure, an accord which also prevails in the
impression received by them from the protestation of
the French Cabinet. This impression is, that they
cannot allow any further question as to their right
to suppress the political existence of Cracow.
This right, according to Prince Metternich, arises
incontestibly from the stipulations between the three
sovereigns attached to the treaty of Vienna, and dated
21st April (50 May), 1815.
The despatch adds that, in incorporating Cracow
with the Austrian dominions, his imperial majesty has
not only exercised a right, but performed a duty;
since the repose of the people confided by Providence
tothe careof his majesty required that the republic of
Cracow, which constituted so long a focus of revolu-
tion, in contempt of its engagements, should be de-
stroyed.
Relying on these arguments, Prince Metter-
nich expresses, in the name of his sovereign,
the hope that the French government, far
from seeing in what has been done a viola-
tion of the Treaty of Vienna, will associate itself
with their majesties the Emperors of Austria and
Russia, an:l the King of Prussia, to maintain and
cause to be respected, the treaties which have
become the fundamental law of Europe.
The interpretation given to the treaty by the
northern courts is, therefore, essentially different from
that in which it is received by the governments of
England and France, and the former decline en-
gaging in any discussion on the subject.

CULTIVATION 0? COTTON IN INDIA.—At the annual
meeting of the Manchester Commercial Association, held at
Manchester yesterday, Mr. J. A. Turner, the president, in
opening the bwdness, alluded with satisfaction to the result
of a communication the association bad had with the East
India Company, on the subject of the encouragement of cot-
ton cultivation in India. He said, their first communica-
tion with the company had not been so satisfactory as they
could have wished ; but a few months since, he addressed
• letter to that body, which brought an import-
ant reply from Mr. Melville ; and within the last
few days only, he (the president) had received a
yet more satisfactory account of the progress making in the
cultivation of cotton in India from Dr. Hoyle, who was em-
ployed in the capacity of botanist by the company. That
gentleman stated, that he wished to give him an account of
the progress made since the last year, and he said he could
not give so detailed an account of the proceedings of the Go-
vel nmcnt cotton farms under the superintendence of Mr.
Mercer, because, so soon 22 the natives had seen the mode of
cultivation adopted on the government flume, they were
ready enough to adopt it themselves, so that those farms
were given up from the end of last season, and seed only
was distributed to the ryots for sowing. Government had
distributed seed enough for 12,000 acres, and dealers, it
appeared hail brought the kupsss, or cotton in the seed, and
siteehaviii t cleaned. had sold it again for seed to the ryots.
In the disti with which Mr. Mercer WWI most particularly
acquainted, the quantity of cotton grown had doubled within
the last year, and he estimated the number of acres under
cultivation at 30,000, and mentioned that the villagers from
the adjoining ninam's territory came to purchase the seed.
Now, he (the president) thought this wee an important com-
munication, because it chewed, that if the proper mode were
only taken, the natives were ready enough to catch at the idea
and adopt the cultivation of cotton. He thought it was still due
from the company that they should assist in making preparation
for the cleaning of cotton, and to see to the making of roads, to
offer facilities for shipping, and adopt other such means for
encouraging this important cultivation. It did apgear that
the East India Company were alive to the importance of
cotton cleaning, for in the letter before referred te, from Mr.
Melville, it was stated that the company had given orders
for 4,000 or 6,000 bales of cotton to be forwarded from each
presidency to England, to test the experiments making, and
ke was happy to find in Dr. Royle's letter that the company
were acting upon the intention there expressed: he said Mr.
Mercer mentioned that they had 13 hand-saw gins in
his district but year, entirely managed by the natives,
and this year he would have twenty-nine band-saw
gins all employed in the same manner. The hand saw
gins, he considered preferable, because the natives could
manage them better, and they were able to makethem up at
a cost of about 150 rupees. whilst the English sad American
saw gins cost from 400 to 600 rupees each. The frame-work,
of teak-wood, he considered better than of iron, and they
wanted nothing but the saws from this country. Re stated
that the saw gins would clean 900 lbs. of kupaaa in the day,
yielding about 300 lbs. of cotton per day, at a cost of
about If rupees. The native weavers appreciated the
value of this cotton so much, that they bought it up very
anxiously, and thus prevented its finding its way to
this country. He (the president) hoped that the
attention of the association would be directed to the
subject till we had a complete supply from that aountry.
The East India Company had done what they could
to show them that good cotton could be produced in India,
and they wished that the rest should be done by private ca-
pital, inasmuch as their charter precluded them from under-
Leiden it as a matter of their own speculation. He (the
president) thought it not unlikely that a number of gentle-
men in this town would take up the subject, to see what
inducements could be held out ; but whether it was taken
up by individuals or by a company, he had no'
doubt the subject would, before long, be brought before
the public. They had now evidence, that most excellent
cotton could be grown in India, for the directors could Phew
samples almost equal to the beat Orleans cotton in quality,
fit for the common purposes of spinning, and he had no
doubt it could be produced, buying the kupass, or
unclean cotton from the growers, at a prise which
would well repay them for the money laid out.
They (the directors) should be most happy to show romplre
to any gentleman wishing to inspect the cotton forwarded to
the association.—The other business of the meeting was mere-
ly of a formal character, and referred chiefly to the business
of the past, and the appointment of officers for the next year;
but Mr. Malcolm Rose, Vice-president, called attention to
the importance of watching the proposed incorporation of
Cracow, with a view to seeing whether it was intended to
leave it a free city as regarded the commerce of other coun-
tries, or make groods imported into it subject to the tariffs of
the other German states.

We understand that it is the intention of Govern-
ment to erect forthwith a battery at Penlee Point, in as to
command Cawsand Bay. The Admiralty are determined to
put the whole of the tout in a proper state of defence, in
consequence of which the building of the proposed new
bridge at Looe is suspended. A. battery will be erected at
Lao' harbour, so as to command the anchorage under Lone
Island. The whole line of approach from Looe to Plymouth
is to be put into a date of defence immediately.—Fahnouth
Packet.