The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-01 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We cannot notice, in...anyf;;;;;;;commtutication that is cent to us
anonymously ; but those who choose to address us in confkienoe will
And their confidence respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TD RETURN ANY 3IANUSCRIVTS WHATEVER.
Advertisements intended for The Repress must be at the Office by
Two o'clock on the day of publication.

111011 WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
Tins Dar. Morning, 7 min. pant 10; Afternoon, 49 min. pant 10.
To-goagow.—Mmiting, 23 mm. past 11; Afternoon, 55 min. pant 11.

LONDON, THURSDAY, OCT. 1.

IT is evident, from yesterday's arrival, that every-
thing in the United States is at a stand, in expectation
of peace with Mexico. There were urgent reasons for
desiring that peace. The first allotment of ten millions
of dollars, for the purposes of the war, had been ex-
hausted at the commencement of August, and the
second ten millions were fast melting away, yet the
PRESIDENT shrunk from ordering any more decisive
operations, such as the attack of St. John d'Ulloa, or
the advance of General TAYLOR, who was still at
Comarga on the 13th of August.
But SANTA ANNA seems to have returned to
Mexico, on a full understanding with the govern-
ment of Washington, and with the British envoys
in that part of the world. The terms are stated
to be " The restoration of the Mexican federal go-
vernment of 1821, under the guarantee of the United
States ; the latter country to accept the Itio Grande
as frontier, and California to be organised as a distinct
territory, under the protection of the United States."
Having thus won the Oregon to the 49th degree,
Texas, and California, President Pot.ii may retire
upon his laurels. Never certainly did monarch of
a kingdom, or head of a republic, achieve in the
first year of his rule three such important victories:
and that without risks or expenses of any magnitude.
The best understanding seems after all to exist be-
tween the President and the British government.
The privacy of the latter to the Mexican settlement
is a proof of this.
On the subject of the Oregon, Mr. M`LANE's reply
to the New York Chamber of Commerce is a docu-
ment that will be read with interest. His declaration
that his government never aimed at more than the
49th degree, and that the navigation of the Columbia
was a question not of such importance in the present
enlightened state ,A commercial policy, when the
" greatest freedom of rivers and ports should be allow-
ed to the tre de of the world ;" his congratulations
that the last cause of difference between England and
the United 'States should have been removed at the very
time whe a the wise statesmen of Britain had thrown

aside tb e old obstruction to the freedom of exchange ;
. and hi 3 belief that the settlement of the Oregon ques-
tion s the knell of those inveterate jealousies and feuds
whi ch have had such mischievous influence on the
P .iple and the public councils of both countries;—
ti .ese are sentiments so noble and so nobly expressed,
that we congratulate both countries on the proba-
bility of finding in Mr. a second WEasTER,
without that orator's narrow views of commercial
policy.
It is indeed gratifying to think, whilst recent
events render our relations with the constitutional
countries of Europe less promising and amicable, that
those with the people of our own race in the new
world give a promise of more durable and more pro-
fitable friendship.

WE are glad to see that St. Pancras is not content
to father the llowmtrit Report, without an effort to
rid itself of so discreditable a responsibility ; and
that even the directors and guardians begin to
show a disposition, by " more rigid and searching
inquiry," to relieve themselves of some part of " the
public odium." They arc not yet in the way of
success.

A meeting of the board for the latter purpose took
place on Tuesday; and a meeting of rate-payers was held
on Monday, to take the report into consideration. Mr.
IlowAteru proposed its adoption in a long speech, in
which he defended the parish authorities, censured
Mr. CoorEn the surgeon, and charged the press with
" making the most" of workhouse irregularities. This
duty, we beg to say, the press leaves to Mr.
HOWARTH and others of his kidney. Their neglect
ripens into enormity, abuses which all their assurance
cannot succeed in keeping secret. They " make
the most " of a master's arbitrary authority and a
pauper's helpless suffering. Their culpable careless-
ness, or more culpable collusion, drives misery to mad-
ness or suicide. They do not require any aid from
the press to exaggerate their offences. A literal report
of them is more eloquent than the most indignant
comment. We must, however, except such a " report"
as that of the directors, which is based on an expur-
gated edition of the evidence. It is " Hamlet," with
the part of Hamlet omitted. It is an account of Mr.
LEE'S administration, in which Mr. LEE'S malpmc-

tices are overlooked.
" Be to his faults a little blind,
And to his merits very kind "

is the advice of Mr. HOWARTH to his brother direc-
tors, d propos of the master. And then he complains
of the press for " making the most" of workhouse
irregularities. We retort on him with a charge of

making the least of them ; of making nothing of them
' whatever ; of blinking evidence, and shutting his
eyes to facts; of standing up for that which cannot be
defended; and of omitting the only atonement for past
neglect and inhumanity, a prompt and penitent
avowal of error, and
„promise of better behaviour for
the future.
The investigation of the case of poor MARY ANNE
JONES promises to be rich in results. It has
already brought to light three cases of gross
, grievance. One is the story of an inmate of the oakum-
room, who having in a' moment of excitement
attempted suicide, was consigned to Whitechapel
Workhouse (we presume, as a person of unsound
mind), and thence passed to St. Pancras. Some
money which he possessed was taken charge of by
tho directors. lie had at different times discharged
himself, with a wish to procure work out of
the house. His money had on these occasions
, been doled out to him in petty sums. When
these were exhausted he was forced back by
destitution into the house. This was several times
repeated. At last he applied to the Clerkenwell
magistrates. He was confined in the oakum-room for
this. But the balance of his money was ultimately
restored to him, the amount which was deducted for
his support during his residence in the workhouse
reducing it from some 20/. to 1/. 17s. 6d. During a
great part of this time he was, to all intents and pur-
poses, a prisoner, day and night, in the oakum-room ;
and only by a door being accidentally left open, was
he at last enabled to gain access to the committee.
Previous to his discharging himself for the last
time, the master threatened to confine him to the
oakum-room for good, if ever he returned. Ile did
return, after a struggle of four days with starvation,
and has from that time, till the publication of his
letter, been a close prisoner night and day. A letter
from a fellow captive, published in our paper of yes-
terday, represents him as now in a state of excite-
ment, constantly complaining of having been swindled
out of his money, and threatening self-destruction.
A second revelation of the St. Pancras system is
the letter of old WHITT, one of the paupers who ex-
posed the false rations. The old man, upwards of
seventy years old, had been allowed to work inside
the house at his trade of carpenter for a pittance of
fourpence per day. He has, since giving this evi-
dence, been deprived of this opportunity of earning an
addition to his comforts, on a charge of stealing wood.
He was carrying some chips and carpenters' refuse
to give the women in the hall to light their fires
with. He had done the same thing before, time
after time, openly, and without reprimand.
But the occasion was seized to get rid of one who
had dared to complain, and the master pays him his
last shilling of earnings, mockingly telling him " he
is now a martyr to the cause."
Another letter of complaint from one of the men
under the salutary influence of classification in the
oakum room,was given in our columns yesterday. We
will not dwell on it, as it offers in one or two points
suspicious indications that the writer is a turbulent
and troublesome subject. We should be loth to
weaken a clear and good case by any questionable
evidence. Enough has been brought forward, not
only to warrant, but to compel official investigation.
None of the more important facts were denied at
the meeting of the Board on Tuesday. Indeed the
case of Wnirr was admitted to be worse than in the
original statement of it; and Mr. HOWARTH, not con-
tent with defending, gloried in the dismissal of the
old man. Weirrr, with his seventy-four years and
2s. a week, earned a deal too much, in the opinion
of this humane churchwarden ; and " had no right
to be in the workhouse." But the master exceeded
even the churchwarden in the insolent audacity
of his tone. He declared that he had in reality dis-
missed the wretched man for no other reason
than the evidence he had given in exposure of the
ration trick. WHITT, forsooth, had complained to
the Board of his inability to eat the food ; and that
being the ease, he (LEE) feared it might be considered
enrol to put a man to work when his health was so bad
that he could not eat the
.food there ! Is not the
cool impudence and heartlessness of this almost in-
credible ?

But we have a New Poor-law, and may now test its
value. We have a tribunal to overlook these imperti-
nences and inhumanities of your 110WARTHS and LEES.
This appears to us the only point in which the present
flagrant case bears on the question of that law. Under
the old system abuses like those of St. Pancras were
as rife as they are now rare; but there was no ma-
chinery, such as exists at present, for bringing them
to light.
When Mr. HOWARTH had finished his speech
on Monday, moving the approval of the report of the
rate-payers, it was moved and seconded :

- -
That in the opinion of this meeting a committee of vestrymen
should be appointed to investigate the conduct of ull the odium& in the
St. Pancras workhouse.

This amendment was negatived by a majority of
five. Some incubus seems to hang over St. Pancras.
It cannot extricate itself from a charge either of gross
indifference to reputation, or of glaring inhumanity.
It seems determined to force itself on official notice.
As to Mr. HOWARTH'S charge against the press of
" making the most" of these matters, it is a most
unpleasant task to deal with such subjects in any way.
Nothing but a sense of duty could induce us to
waste our space on Mr. HOWARTH or Mr. LEE.
Publicity, however, has its effects on such natures,
as cowardly as they are overbearing. Setting aside
Mr. LEE as a man with fewer excuses on the score
of education, we feel, after Mr. llowAnru's re-
peated displays of assurance, that he is above
proof audacity. He has Mr. Maulrornes ambition.
He likes to be despised. Only on this
theory of his character can we explain his
repeated appearance in the character of apologist for
St. Pancras workhouse and its system. However,
we quit him now with the information that we hare
" made the most" of himself and his pr,,ttlye. We
will hope that others may relieve us of the task of
making more of it. We gladly leave that task to
the authorities of Somerset House.

MR. WGREGOR has published the Sixteenth Part
of his Commercial Tariffs and Reports. It includes a
valuable collection of all that is known or can be
gathered, respecting Mexico; and furnishes a striking
account of its wealth, resources, and capabilities. All
this, one regrets to think, resembles strongly the
inventory of a bankrupt's effects ; being property and
advantages by which the owner knew not how to
profit, and the possession of which did not prevent
his sinking to the lowest degree of poverty and
contempt.
' Never, certainly, did nature and fortune do so much
fee a race in the Old World or in the New, as for the
Spanish ; and never were such boons and chances
perverted and flung away. What was considered
their good fortune, has been often, indeed, the spe-
cial cause of their ruin. Had they fiesta in Central
America—what the English found in the North—
nothing but rude savages, spurning servitude, the
Spaniards would have been forced to people it with
the industrious peasant. But finding hewers of wood
and drawers of water in the Mexican Indians, Spain
was not forced to send other emigrants than the sol-
dier and the tax-gatherer. It peopled Mexico with
officials or with adventurers, and left the Indian to
remain the basis of the population-pyramid.
These helots are four millions to the Spaniards one;
and though the Mexican Spaniard has emancipated
the Indian, and of later years treated him so as to
efface in a great measure the antagonism of race,
still it is a hopeless task to make use of the aboriginal
races of the New World in working out the social
problems and progress of the Old. There are six or
seven millions of souls in the Mexican republic, of
which not more than 100,000 electors know how to
read and write. The idea of a republic composed of
such materials, acquiring strength, or showing prospe-
rity or vi,our, is utterly hopeless.
Mexico, however, is in a state of transition, and

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOB:

Anglo-American conquest could but precipitate a
change, which must of itself take place. The
country is now governed by two classes, which mono-
polise all influence, and share all the wealth raised by
taxation. These classes arc the army and the church.

They have been, time out of mind, powerful ; and sup-
ported by the viceregal authority, which exercised
patronage throughout both. But church and army
became composed of too many native Mexicans to
bear with the old Spanish exclusion and pride; and
they united with the population, and stirred it up to
throw off the yoke. The revolution changed the
composition of both church and army.
Although the natives of Mexico had outnumbered
those of Spain in the later years of the old govern-
ment, they were still taken from the higher, the noble,
and proprietorial class. Gradually, however, the
hatred of Creole to Spaniard has been replaced by,
or combined with, a democratic feeling of jealousy
entertained by the ignoble of the noble. Thus the
cadets of high families, who were wont to enter church
and army, and thus link both with the proprietorial
class, have been deterred from entering the two pro-
fessions. Church and army, M. MAYER asserts, are
now recruited from the lower classes. So are their
chiefs. Democracy predominates by means of
these two professions, so traditionally dominant;
whilst the proprietors, retired within their farms and
provincial holdings, lead a life indifferent to polities,
or disaffected towards reigning parties. This
state of things greatly contributes to the force of
federal opposition, and renders a number of influential
Mexicans apathetic even to foreign conquest, which,
however unpalatable, must deliver them from a do-
mestic yoke.
It is not solely by excluding them from power that
the democratized and dominant professions in Mexico
have made enemies of the wealthy proprietors, not
only of land, but of capital. The money levied by both
classes; by the ecclesiastics in their well-known and
traditional ways, and by the government in its mode
of taxation; unites the greatest degree of rapacity and
ignorance. Indeed, after the duties on export and
import, those on the passage of commodities from one
provinceto the other forms the second great item of re-
venue; so that an administration which boasts of being

central, adopts the greatest vice of federalism in erecting
custom-house barriers between province and province,
and throwing every obstacle in the way of commer-
cial and intellectual union. The third great item is
a direct taxation, which weighs peculiarly upon those
classes which have no influence in the government.

"Every thing is taxed," says Mr 7 TflostrsoN,
" from the palaces, coaches, and plate of the wealthy,
to the dozen eggs which the poor Indian brings to
market. Ido not suppose there is a city in the world
where houses are taxed so high, and where the rents
arc so enormous as Mexico. After paying the taxes,
little is left to the proprietor."
The oppressed classes, moreover, can all recollect
that even the odious Spanish ri,yinie was infinitely
less expensive ; and that, after all, the acquisition of
freedom has brought with it the develop-
ment of no industry. The very mines are
less productive. A revolution has taken place with
all the evil consequences and none of the good
effects of that extreme remedy. Nevertheless a
Mexican, even the most enlightened, could scarcely
look to cure those evils by completing the revolu-
tion, as it has been completed in Spain and in
other countries. The wealth and monopoly of the
church might be destroyed without much correspond-
ing benefit. Its riches might certainly suffice to
relieve Mexico from debt, and the cessation of its
cravings and gleanings would leave some portion of
food and intellectual freedom to the population. But
-with the church expires the police, the parochial ad-
ministration, the only power that renders the people
satisfied, and therefore quiet. On the other hand,
the destruction of the other dominant and rapacious
profession, the army, would lighten the burden of
taxation, deprive military politicians of the power of
continually pronouncing and conspiring, and might
afford some scope for civilian law, experience, and
ideas. But without this last general bond of centrali-
sation,the army, to hold the empire together, it would
forthwith fall into fragments, each of which might
become the prey or the tool of one foreign power or
another; so that the operation which would cut
from the body politic those cancers preying upon it,
might exhaust the patient by the very means intended
to save; and might extinguish the last spark of
life, in seeking to remove the all-absorbing elements
of disease.

The Journal des Dtlbatl of Tuesday denies the cir-
cumstance of Count Bresson having spent the night
at the palace to persuade Queen Isabella to accept
the marriages for her and her sister which he pro-
posed. According to the French Court Journal, it was
the Queen herself, unaided and uninfluenced by
France or other counsel, who took this resolve, of
herself, in middle of the night, and immediately
summoned her Ministers to acquaint them. The
absurdity of such an account is sufficient to contradict
it. The young Queen could have consented at such
an hour to such important changes in her own feelings
only to potent menaces and solicitations. And no
sooner had consent been forced from her than her
Ministers were summoned to receive it, record it, and
render it irrevocable. The proofs are too ample
and on too good authority to be doubted, but they
moreover speak for themselves. As to any contradiction
emanating from Isturitz, who could believe a word
that such a man uttered—he, who in full Cortes de-
clared that English objections were to the marriage
of the Queen, not to that of the Infanta ; when not an
objection had been breathed with regard to the for-
mer ? As to Count Bresson's conduct, no denials of
the court journals of France or Spain are entitled to
one instant's consideration or credit.

The following is the version of the 11
" The evening of the 26th and 27th of August, was exclu-
sively devoted by the Queen of Spain to her usual consulta-
tions with her ministers; and, according to her custom, her
Majesty, before she withdrew to her private apartments, re-
ceived at an advanced hour of the night some persons of her
household. Those who pretend to ho well informed on the
customs of the Spanish court ought to know that the habit of
the Queen, as it was that of her mother, Queen Christina, is
to consult her ministers during the evening, and to give recep-
tions (hold a drawing-room), during the night. It wassome
hours after quitting her ministers that the Queen, who received
only M. Donoso tortes, and afterwards waited on her mother,
recalled her ministers, to announce to them her resolution.
Several amongst them were still in the palace, at the office
of the first Secretary of State. The others had withdrawn.
All immediately assembled in her Majesty's presence. They
quitted her after having received her orders, and it was
during that evening that the Queen signed the convocation
of the Cortes. The French Ambassador did not interfere in
the slightest degree.
" This simple exposition of facts is sufficient to cause to
be appreciated the value of the accounts published in the
English journals. It is the only reply that ought to be given
to them. Any other explanation would appear to be a
justification, and would be an insult to the Queen of Spain,
to her mother, and to the representative of France. Did
we wish to excite, for a political purpose, those feelings which
such ignoble calumnies must rouse in the heart of every
Spaniard, we should have too much in our favour. We ne-
ther regret to be so well served, and not to take advantage
of it."
"We learn (says La Presse), from a sure source, that
Cabrera has leg by Southampton for Gibraltar, by one of the
packet boats of the Peninsular Company, under an assumed
name."
- - - -

-----
The following note has been published in the Bor-
deaux newspapers in the name of three Spanish
officers, against whom it had been previously reported
that preventive measures had been taken by the
French government :
•' General Seoane has gone to Brignires for his health, and
having leave to return to Spain or not as he pleases, had hi $
passport duly in order. General Rodil, whose quiet life giv es
no cause' of uneasiness, has no surveillance imposed oin
by the authorities of Bordeaux. Brigadier Santa Cruz. was
sent for by the prefet, whom he convinced that ho was not
in any way implicated in the Count de Moutr.molin's
plans.•
The British squadron, which left Cadiz on the
18th, was bound for Gibraltar. Two of the ves-
sels were to return immediately to Englc.nd, and the
others were to remain at Gibraltar avid the coast of
Morocco. -

The Queen of the Belgians and the, younger branches
of the family are expected in Paris.
M. Convers, an opposition member, whose election
had been declared void, has just been re-elected at
Besancon.
It appears from the general return of the importa-

1846 -, •

IFR,
country has made
, ht months of 1846,
t
thtioantstihne Fircielnignu. during the tiofrstthe!
progress tiring that period.
The sale withdrawn fro n the savings banks
(luring theweek ending Sept 4 tuber 28th, amount to
720,511. fraies, and the tfe h deposits to 537,921
francs,

The Free Trade Associatic et in Paris announce a
public meethg to be holden on Thursday, when ladies
will be adzotted.

A letter fryaPau of the 23tlif in the o!lseevateur
des Pyrears says:
" Our city wh have it sham in the r tee which will take
place on the °cession cf the marriage of the Duke de Mout-
pensier. His Najesty was desirous that the ancient resi-
dence of Henry. IV. should welcome his young and hand-
some daughter-tadaw as soon as she had placed her foot on
the soil of her adopted country. Colonel Thierry has
arrived to push forward the preparations necessary for the
residence of the young couple and their suite, which will be
numerous and brilliant. The Duke and Duchess de Mont-
pensier will arrive here on the 17th of next month, and will
remain four days, during which there will, it is said, be
balls and banquets at the Chateau."

Our advices from Madrid are to the 24th ult.
They are unimportant El l'iempo says that there
will soon be a change in the cabinet. Senor Sanz
and Caneja will be replaced by Senor Jose Concha
and Bravo Murillo. M. and Madame Costa Cabral
had !ruche? 'Madrid. An order has been given to
the postma: ers in Ike line of road from Madrid to
Paris, to sty nly horses only to persons in the suite of
the Due do lontpensier.
A letter ': um Lerida in El Tiempo refers to several
arrests whiconsequence have taken place in of a
Carlist con iracy recently discovered. Two com-
panies of Idlers, who have been in pursuit, had
brought in twenty-five rebels connected with the
meditated revolt.
___

El Herald° quotes a letter which says, " The
Nliguelite insurrection has not been put down •in
Portugal. It appears that Count Dag Antas has
requested reinforcements. In Nlinho nearly all the
population had taken arms in favour of Don Miguel,
their fanaticism being excited by Fra Casimir."

FRAIICE.—STEAMIIAVIGATION BETWEEN HAVRE
AND NEW YORK.—The French government intends turn-
ing to account three steam-frigates of 450 h. p. each, now
unemployed, as their services are not momentarily in requi-
sition, by making them run by way of experiment between
Havre and New York. The government has no intention
whatever, it is said, of establishing a regular service between
the two ports. but the experiment will be of some service to
commerce, as from this some more correct idea may be
formed than has hitherto been the case of the cost and profit
of such an undertaking.
GERMANY.—BERLIN.—THE POLISH PRISONERs.
—The new model prison, at Berlin, will be opened shortly.
The Poles who took part in the late events in the Duchy of
Posen were to be conveyed there on the Ist October. Accord-
ing to the Augsburg Gazette the government has givot
orders to treat the prisoners with humanity, and to render
their existence as tob rabic as possible under the circum-
stances. They are divided into two classes ; half a dollar a
day (eighteen-pence) is allowed for the maintenance of those
of the hrst class, and ten silver groschen (one shilling) for
those of the second class (labourers, peasants, &c.). Great
interest is attached to the coming trial. Not only is great
sympathy felt fur the prisoners, but their fate is to be decided
by the first judgment given according to the new
system of public pleading lately established in Prussia
in criminal cases. The trial is to take place in
' the new prison in a large hall fitted up for
'the occasion, and which is destined to be used afterwards as
a prison chapel. The whole is to be arranged on a similar
plan to a court of assizes in England. In the duchy of
Posen great discontent still prevails among the landed pro-
prietors. The station of the Hamburg and Berlin Itailway,
now constructing at Berlin, will be the largest and hand
somest in Germany. Six different lines meet at Berlin,
their length being 232 German miles (1069 English miles).
They lead into Silcoia, Pomerania, Ilauover, Thuringen,
Saxony and Bavaria. In the course of next year a continual
line of railways will join Berlin with Kiel on the Baltic,
with Trieste on the Adriatic, with Italy, with Austria, with
the west of Germany, with France, and with Belgium.
- - -

BAY ARIA.—M UN ten, SEPT. 23.—Five hundred
Bavarians, under the guidance of Captain Ritz, of the
Bavarian etrtillery, intend settling in Greece. A tine tract
of land. between Tripolitza, Argos, and Nauplia, has been
selected by them for the new colony.
-

FRANKFORT. THE SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS. —On
the filth ult. the congress of German ,arants at Frankfurt
was opcued. There were one hundred and twenty members
present. Dr. Grimm, the celebrated grammarian, was ap-
pointed president. The following thesis was treated by Dr.
Grimm " What is a people ? A people is a collection of men
speaking the same language. That definition (said the learned
president) is the most simple, and, It the same time. the noblest
that we Germans can acknowledge, it leads us to that future
when languages will become the frontiers of nations instead of
rivers and mountains. We must energetically reject that
ridiculous distinction between North and South Germany,
that unhappy religious feud which leads astray and disunites
us. Our ancestors were Germans before they were Chris-
tians. Thus we are united by bonds of an earlier date; the
Almighty never meant to oppose man to man, as is often
the ease with men who call themselves ministers of the Most
High. The first question on which you will have to delibe-
rate is one put by the Advocate Beseler, of Schleswig, on
the relations of that duchy to Denmark. It is the touch-
stone which will prove the manner in which you solve the
difficulty." Messrs. Weleker, Dahlman, Jaupp, and other
members respectively addressed the assembly, all their
speeches tending to prove that the duchies of Schleswig, Hol-
stein, and Lauenburg were dependencies of the great German
nation, and were nut to be deprived of their nationality.

DENIIARK.—The new regency of Schleswig was
installed on the 19th September. M. Scheele was elected
president. M. do Moltke, president of the Chancery, made
the following important remark in a speech he delivered on
the occasion :—" Conformable to the desire of the king, you
must never lose sight of the fact, that the duchies of
Schleswig and Holstein are independent parts closely united;
but only parts of one entire whole, namely, of the Danish
monarchy. No one has more respect fur the independence
and intimate union of the duchies, than the king ; but the
maintenance of that union depends upon their permanent
union with the kingdom. Separated from the kingdom,
they would fall to pieces. As regards Schleswig attention
must be paid to the two-fold nationality of which it is corn-
Need, and especially in those districts where the Danish
language is the language of the schools and of the pulpit,
always respecting the nationality of our fellow-citizens.
That, gentlemen, 11 what his Majesty requested me to re-
commend to your attention."
A Nuremburg correspondent mentions the follow-
ing qui pro quo : " During the stay of the King and Queen
of Denmark at Holstein, the Queen wrote a letter to her
brother, the Duke of Augustenburg, and another to the
Prince Royal. In the former her Majesty spoke of the rights
of the House r,f Augustenburg, and the steps that ought to
be taken. Unhappily the letters were put into wrong
covers, and the Prince Royal received that intended for the
Duke, and he immediately sent a copy of it to the King;
so that her Majesty found herself in an awkward position."
HOLLAND.—THE HAGUE, SEPTEMBER 27.—11 is
Majesty the King returned to this town yesterday afternoon
from his visit to Silesia. We learn from good authority that,
on the 12th of this month, a treaty of trade and navigation
between the Netherlan,ts and Russia was concluded at St.
Petersburg by the respective plenipotentiaries.
SErr. 23.—The trial of J. Van de Pol and 16 other
persons was continued before the Provisional Tribunal of
South Holland for having taken part in the tumult which
took place here at Delft in Sept., 1845. The 42nd witness has
been examined ; to-morrow morning the examination of the
witnesses will continue. Our readers will remember that,
on the evening of September 22, 1846, the tows was a
scene of devastation and plunder, that several bakers,
mealruen, and shopkeepers, had their windows sad blinds
broken by a rude and licentious populace, and that some
of the shops were plundered, that the windows of the house
of the burgomaster were dashed in, and that eight of the ac-
cused are said to have taken part in these acts of violence,
and that some traces had been discovered at Draft of money
having been distributed among the mob. Tlae accused for
the most part denied the facts laid to their charge, but mod
of the witnesses positively declared that they had been seen
mingled with the rioters. One of the mealmen declared flat
the throwing of the stones resembled a bombardment, and
continued from half-past six to ten in the evening.
- -

ROTTERDAM, SEPT. 26.—An address to the King
from the merchants of this town is in circulation here, calling
the attention of his Majesty to the interest of commerce and
navigation with respect to the duties on the importation and
the exportation of corn. The persons taking pert in this
address, declare that they were induced to thi. step by the
announcement of the intention of the government to lay
before the States-General, at the commencement of the next
session, a proposal to prolong for six months the law of the
18th of Deeember, Di4s, containing measures for the en-
couragement of importation of provisions. They suppose,
however, that the object of the government is not to stop at
thus measure ; they are therefore convinced that the measure
which the government now intends to propose is connected
with a plan to change the legislation respecting the duties
on corn. They declare their conviction that the time is come
for the Netherlands to allow the importation of corn entirely
free from duty.
- - •

POLAND.—We hear from St. Petersburg, from an
authentic source, that a communication bas been made to
two great German powers, according to which it nay be
stated, almost to a certainty, that the three protective powers
will shortly make overtures to the cabinets of St. James's
and the Tuileries respecting the affairs of Poland in general,
and Cracow in particular.
A letter from Lemberg states that the potato crop
has entirely failed in the districts of Sander and Taslo, and
the price of corn is exceedingly high its consequence.
RUSSIA. PETERSBURG, SEPT. 13. The St.
Petersburg journals contain fresh accounts from the theatre
of war in the Caucasus, from which we can only make the
following extracts :—" The env my, under the command of
the former Sultan Daniel Belt, intended to make an attack
from the south of Daghestatt% and to penetrate to Tuschetie
but his plans were defeate.l on the one hand by a of
Prince Argutillski, and r..n the other by the brave reaie,tance

ll LL. )(LANES 11EPLII.

of the Tuschinges ; when Prince Argutinski was informed
(tittle enemy's plans, he resolved to anticipate them. On the
is of August be advanced with four hatallions, three Moan-
taih gnus, and some hundred of the native militia, iso'h
horse and foot, and *Per three days' march over steep
mountains and through defiles reached the village of Rowed
at the foot of the lofty mountain side of Plezas. The enemy,
to the number of about 10,000 men, had entrenched them-
selves there. On the 6th of August Prince Argatinski
attacked the Lesgians, and in spite of their obstinate re-
sistance, drove them from their most impregnable position.
On the part of the Lesgians, 300 remained on the field of
battle ; on the side of the Russians, two officers and seven-
teen men were killed. Prince Argutinski returned allor the
battle to the heights of Zuar, near Turschidach, in order
from this point, which is situated in the centre, to he able to
protect the country from further invasions. The works
begun this year, on the whole line from the Caspian to the
Black Sea, are advancing rapidly. The new fortress on the
Jaryiksser, notwithstanding the interruptions which have
taken place, will be in a state of defence in the course of next
summer.

CYPRUS, Auo. 25.—A Greek consulship has been
established at Larnaca. The Turk'sh government feared the
moral effect the colours of the Greek emancipation might
produce on the Christians of Cyprus, and objected to the in-
stallation of a representative of King Otho on the island,
which has nevertheless taken place without obstacle.
AMERICA.—Mr. M'Lane reached New York on
the sth ult., and met with a most gratifying reception. The
Journal of Conantem says, "This community is deeply
pressed with the obligations of the nation to Mr. M'Lane,
as one of the great and wise patriots who saved the country
from war in the time of its greatest danger, resulting from
the malignant efforts of the men who desired to 'prepare
the national heart for war.' We thank God, and all the
instruments whom he employed in this great deliverance."
The following is the address presented to the hon. and
esteemed gentleman by the Chamber of Commerce:—
" Chamber of Commerce, New York, Sept. 1.
" At a regular meeting of the Chamber of Commerce,
held at the Merchants' Bank, this day, the president, Mr.
James G. King is the chair, the following preamble and
resolution were presented by Mr. Charles H. Manhall :
" Whereas, the Hon. Louis M'Lane, Minister Plenipoten-
tiary from the United States to the Court of St. James, is
daily expected to return to his native country, and the
Chamber of Commerce are desirous of testifying in some ap-
propriate manner their approbxtion of his eminent public
services during his late nus,,ion, an .1 of the part taken by
him in endeavouring to remove the cause of war, and to se-
cure an honourable adjustment of our national differences
with Great Britain; therefore, _ . .

" 'Resolved-I'Ln' t a committee of 13 be appointed to
welcome the lion. Louis bl'Lsne, upon his arrival in this
city, and to tender to him the thanks of this Chamber fur the
ability, marked by a happy union of firmness and amenity,
which has distinguished his services to the country, and
which has brought the duties of his late mission to a termi-
nation so auspicious to the best interests of the commercial
community.'
" The preamble and resolution having been unanimously
adonted, it was thereupsn ordered by the Chamber, that the
committee he constituted as follows :

" • James O. King, chairman : Henry Waring, Jnmes D.
P. Ogden, James Brown, D. S. Kennedy, Townsend Harris,
Jacob Harvey, Charles H. Marshall, William B. Astor,
James B. Murray, James Lee, Prosper M. Wetmore, Charles
Augustus Davis.
" Extract from the minute*,
JAMES G. KING, Chairman.
PKOSPEX M. Ws:Tawas:, Sec."
The following is the address of the President of the Cham-
ber of Commerce to Mr. M'Lane on presenting to him the
resolution of the Chamber of Commerce :

" Sir,—The Chamber of Commerce of New York, at a
meeting held on the Ist instant, unanimously passed a pre-
amble and resolution in relation to your public services during
your late mission in London, and appointed a committee of
13 members to resent them to you.
" That committee arc now present to perform their duty ;
and as chairman I am directed to say that the commercial
community had, for a long time, been deeply anxious about
the result of the question between the jUnited States and
Great Britain, upon the Oregon boundary ; and from the
publication, from time to time, of the diplomatic correspon-
dence here, and front the discussions in Congress relating
to it—neither wearing a pacific aspect—they saw little pro-
spect of avoiding serious ditilculties between the two nations;
but as the subject in discussion had not, in it cif, been con-
sidered heretofore a vital one, success seemed to depend
upon the manner of treating it, and they, therefore, looked
with redoubled interest to the course pursued by you, our
Minister at the Court at St. James.

•' They knew that you had been twice charged with the
mis.sion to England, and that upon the former occasion, by
your courtesy, as well as by your ability, you had not only
elevated your standing with your countrymen, but had won
the confidence and respect of those high functionaries
abroad with whom you were brought into intimate rela-
tions; and as they were aware that the principal Secretary.
of Foreign Affairs, during your recent negotiations in Lon-
don, was the same distinguished statesman whose friendship
you had formerly secured, the commercial community felt
great assurance that all that depended upon ability, frank-
ness, sincerity, and mutual confidence, would be accom-
plished by strenuous endeavours to remove the causes of war,
to smooth the course of negotiation, and to preserve unim-
paired the relations of peace which subsisted between the
two countries.
_ . _

" In this they have not been disappointed, and without
diminishing the toted of honour and of praise properly be-
longing to others, in this happy result, they feel that their
thanks are due to you in an eminent degree, for the part
which, notwithstanding the severe continued illness uuder
which you we^e suffering, you were enabled to take in
negotiations which have been crowned with success ; and
especially for the ability, real, and firmness, not unmingled
with amenity, by which your course has been distinguished.
And the Chamber of Commerc desire thus to tender to you
their thanks for this good service to your country, and par-
ticularly to the commercial community, and to present to
you, as this committee now does, an official copy of the reso-
lution which declares these sentiments ; at the same time,
they beg to welcome you to the commercial capital of the
nation, and to express their sincere wishes that your life
may be prolonged in increasing honour, in health, and
in prosperity ; and that afterwards you may be found
to have earned the blessing and the reward which are
promised to the peacemakers.
"JAMES G. limo, Chairman, &c.
" New York, Sept. ith."

" Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen,—lt is so difficult as
almost to discourage the attempt to find adequate words 'a
which to make you my thanks for the sense you entertain of
my public services, and for the flattering terms in which
you have been pleased to give it expression. Such a com-
pliment, proceeding from such a body of my COUD trynten,
would be an ample reward for greater merit than I could
possibly pretend to ; and I will nut attempt to disguiee the
sincere gratification it has afforded me. Highly as I value
it, however, it gives me pleasure to acknowledge that, being
myself, upon the occasion to which you partici duty refer,
only an instrument in assisting the purposes o' others, the
greater share of your approbation is due to the e with whom
I co-operated.
"Omitting, for a moment, a more partied ,ar reference to
the conduct and dispositions of our own govt eument, I may
without impropriety assure you, that your reference to the
distinguished British statesman by whom 0 ,e negotiation on
the part of that government was directed , is fully merittd,
and that upon any occasion of cougratub .tion upon the re-
sult, too much praise cannot be bestow' d upon his manly
sense, and unwavering determination to promote an amicable
settlement of the question.
" I am free, at the same time, to ass ore you, gentlemen,
that no one can be more sensible of th importance of peace
to all interests of the country, and ell ecially to those which
you so worthily represent, than I am. Of course, where
the honour of the country is involve ,I, no one would stop to
count the east or estimate the evils of war ; but it is a grati-
.he age in which we life,
raid to acknowledge that
the national honour is more apt
tfrhaintgthe ra evidencelers oofftshttie advance
dv
are asee
not of
a:
to be committed by hasty
, and impracticable demands, thin sby wise and timely conces-
sions.

" Governments, like ouuseeT 4eially, can rarely disturb the
acurring a weighty responsi-
bilitypmce of the world, withert r
to the cause of civilise ion and human happiness, and,
if not hazarding their wen stability, without seriously im-
pairing their moral infaimy
aye been induced to return to poli-
titia"llifecertai. nthlyeerrlprdm r.ot b
ase
tive of my country abroad, unless
I had been persuaded tk* at, in the crisis to which you have
referred, the views of's y own government bad been entirely
c° ettlement of the Oregon question as
ougasisnthttetohawvieth sued
e '
secured honourable peace, and unleis I had
entertained the hogs that I might be enabled in some degree
to co-operate to that end.
" For myself, aft it our several conventions of 1813 and
1828, for the joist occupancy of the territory (the latter of
which reeeiveihn' 1 support as a senator of the United States),
I Mid always ref arded the Oregon question as less dependent
upon the force of title than upon the principles of an equita-
ble partition.
" It world have been unreasonable to expect, after such
acknowleslgr nts of the right of joint occupancy, that either
larty wattle. be permitted wholly to dispossess the other, at
east witho at some regard to interests which had grown up
during tit eir mutual possession. It appears to me, also, that
all the verious acts of our government had not only been
consists at with, but affirmatory of this view ; and I conk:
see nothing in the national honour that would justify, much
less demand a departure from it. Possessing Isefore, in as
gees t a degree as after, the treaty with Spain, in 1819, all the
title, which, co the ground of discovery, we could assert to
tl'.e country drained by the waters of the Columbia, and
which, if good for anything, was valid beyond the um
parallel degree of latitude, our government at no time pro-
posed a more northern boundary than the parrellel of 51, and
never demarded morethau that of 49. Having some know-
ledge, from my official position at that time, of the policy and
objects of the convention of 1828, I am quite persuaded that its
main design was to lead, in a future partition of the territory,
to the recognition of our claim to the country, not north, but '
south of the 49th parallel, and between that and the Comm.n
biz river. A division of the country upon that principle,
with a reasonable regard to rights grown up under the joint
possession, always appeared tr, me to afford a just and prela-
tical basis for an amicable and honourable adjustment of the
subject. Such also, I was satisfied, were the view', of our
government at the time I engaged in my recent mission ;
and in earnestly and steadily labouring to effect a settlement
upon that basis, I was but representing the policy of my own.
raventment, and faithfully promoting the intentious and
wishes of the President.
" It must be very rare, if in complicated differences be-
tween great nations, peaceful relations can be preserved
without some modal. ation of extreme pretensions ; and
upon the present occasion, from the kuhth of time for which