The Express.
London, England, 1849-03-16 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, MARCH 16.

The debate on Mr. Dissent's motion has been a
triangular duet The affair differed from its great
prototype recorded by 111sairrer ill this, that each
party was armed with a bras of pistols, and blazed
any at both of the others. This new arrangement
is a decided improvement, and must have been much
more setishetory to all concerned.
The gossip of the political circles attributes the
fact that neither of the protectionist shots told, to a
t between the Duke of itionmosto and'
=I.STANLEY, who acted as ascends to their cham-
pion. Ths Duke would have loaded with ball—would
have rammed down the repeal of the malt tax into
the weapons be headed to his Prised ; bat Lord
STANLEY bald upon Its being left out, or, in other
words, as Lading with blajdi cartridge. The Duke—
how tralv we hoow not—is represented to have left
the ileldin a huff in consereenee. The CHANCELLOR
OF ExcEickunt's pistol told home upon the
prothetioaiet, but that which be discharged
=ot the financial reformer proved a mere empty
For this, too, Dame Rumour has her solutoon.
The wawa which did execution wee, according to
her, loaded by that experienced hand Sir ROBERT
PEER.. How much of truth there msy be in the

statement so confideutly made that Sir ROBERT sup-
plied Sir CHARLES vele notes for his speech it is of
course as yet impossible to say. Probably the =-
Premier may have kit disposed to put his gait
this", into the mouths of ministers on this ceensisa
ft a kind of compensation—u a payment at eme.
seines money, to rrow a phrase from the 'tsetse-
oner—for having stolen their idea about tequila,/
the peramion of Irish lands eat turned to
account by their swum in order to colonies t m.
Bat the tenth will soon be known. Sir ROBERT
has in this a stung family likeness to that
amiable individual Basldeigh Osbaldistose, that
so far from disavowing any of his own good
deeds, rather than see a food action go un-
avowed by a parent, be will claim it for his own. We
used scarcely add that both shots of the financial re-
former went right to their marks, and that both his
adversaries are peppered.
Dropping metaphor, we most confess that none of
the "farmers' friends" who followed Mr. Diatom in
the debate have succeeded in rendering the grand
financial measure, developed in what the Times was
pleased to all his " lucid" speech, more definite or
tar gible to our apprehension. It was perhaps un-
reasonable to expect they should. The thing was
meant to be oracular, mysterious, imposing: to have
expressed it in plain la_nguage would have stripped it
of all its attraction& limas, indeed, indulging
for once in his life is pietioal diction, accused the
CHANCELLOR or THE =CHEQUER of " following
a visionary light • in hie attempt ti explain
Mr. Dissaxers meaning. Mr. Muss indignantly
protested that his leader had not proposed to nine
the five or six millions he would transfer from local to
taxation by an increase of the property tax.
general
isaaxii had only alluded to the existence of a
machinery by which the transferred amount of taxa-
tion might be collected. But what this machinery was
Mr. Mites felt it prudent to leave unexplained. Not
so, Sr M. J. CHOLIKELET. He vii,h the wonted want
of tact which characterises all who attempt to combine
t 1 incompatible tenets of a liberal and a protectionist,
blurted out the secret. The means of providing for
the increase to general taxation was, according to him-
" a moderate fixed duty upon corn." What the feel-
ings of the protectionists, on hearing this escapade,
of the " liberal" limplot, were, may be more easily
imagined than expresmd. Throughout the debate
the conservative protectionists carefully avoided
any explicit declaration respecting an immediate re-
curious to the system of protection, especially with
regard to corn. Sir R. LOPES bad promised " not to
forget that it was useless to speck of protection."
They hinted in dark and impressive terms at
the sharp lessens of experience which are to lain(
the country. back to that policy. They shunned
the risk of imputing to the vote of the house the
character of a final negative upon protection. They
laboured to keep the phantom still floating before the
eyes of the formes as of possible though distant at-
tainment. But Sir M. J. CHOLMELET, by expressly
declaring for a "moderate fixed duty on corn and
compelling the house to negative the proposition, has
forced upon the minds of the agriculturists the convic-
tion that by slim/toyer means they are to obtain relief
it cannot Le by the re-enactment of the corn laws.
He has shown the utter emptiness of the hopes held
out to them by the Stuleyites ; ho has forced upon
their attention the fact that even that party are so
hopeless of a recurrence to protection that they dare
not in express terms avow it as their object.
Of the merits of the speech of Sir CHARLES Woon
we have already expressed our opinion. The full
force of its arguments was directed against Mr.
DISRAELI as the more assailable antagonist. With
regard to Mr. Huitz's amendment, the CHANCELLOR
OF THE EXCHEQUER judiciously remained contented
with an appeal to the consistency of the house.
Having negatived Mr. COBDEN'S proposal, bow
weld they Rapport Mr. Huree's ? Such reasoning is
generally succesful with men who feel or suspect
that they are in the wrong. To desert a good cause
only implies inconsistency ; but to desert a bad ore
involves a confession of former error. We have seen
ere now a minister persuade the same men who had
voted one night for the repeal of a heavy tax to vote
it on again the next; but who ever heard of the elo-
(prima that could persuade men to take off an oppres-
sive impost in so brief a period ? None of the
speakers who followed the CHANCELLOR OF THE
EXCHEQUER in persuading the house to entertain
neither the motion nor the amendment, added any-
thing material to hie arguments. Lord JOHN RV&
L slit, indeed, pleaded guilty to so much of the curiosity
bequeathed to our race by Eve as to have a hankering
after going into committee, were it only to hear Mr.
DISRAELI explain. An explanation of what is inex
plicable was, indeed, a strong temptation.
In supporting the motion to go into committee,
and that for the purpose of considering Mr.
Hums's amendment, not Mr. D'IsRAELI'S MO.
Lion, Mr. MILNER GIBSON will be allowed, even by
those who dissent from his views, to have evinced a
high degree of parliamentary tact. He reminded the'
house that they were called, sot to decide on the
merits of the amendment, bat to declare whether the
sense of the house ought to be taken epos it. Ho
pointed to the vague and unpractical character, to
say nothing of its injustice, of Mr. DISRAELI'S motion
as a sufficient reason why they should not waste
time in discussing it. Indeed, the protectionist
Lord NORRITS bad previously declared that on
ecoount of this feature of the motion ho would vote
against hie party. Mr. GIBSON powerfully enforced the
urgent necemity of entering spa an inquiry such as
Mr. Hume demanded, and the real, tangible, and
beneficial rosette to which the adoption of his recom-
mendation would lead. Mr. GIBSON'S speech was
eminently that of a practical statesman; of a
man who has himself clear and definite view.
of ,what ought to be done, and who understands
how to imput such a direction to the discus-
sions of a popular assembly, u is likely to lead
to practical results. It has often been objected—
and too often with some reason—to the advocates of
popular principles in parliament, that however unix-
=cable their principles in the abstract, they were
t in the art of embodyirg them in workable
resolutions. Mr. GIBSON has shown that to all the
high and generous principles of his precursors in
the assertion of the people's caner he adds a natural
and cultivated talent for putting the debates ofparlia-
ment is a train calculated to lead to their realisation.
The combination of such qualities makes the states-
man; whereas just principles oniy make the honest
politician, and parliamentary tact only the martinet
of office. And well was Mr. GIBSON se-
conded by Mr. Before. The reception af-
folded to the last-named gentleman% speech
by the House speaks more emphatically than any
words of ours could do the extent to which his powers
of usefulness are beaming apparent sad acknow-
ledged. Daring his career as a public man before he
entered parliament, and for some short time after he
entered, Mr. BRION! extorted from the most relit°.
tent the admission that he premed indomitable
energy and iperseveranoe, and that seem-mesmeric
inflames of strong convictions and a strong
_will
which go far to constitute the popular leader.
Bat several of his displays this session, and above
all that of last night, have revealed to what
an extent he is par seemed of higher and more
purely ineeiLatnal attributes. He evinced 11
thorough acquaintance with the details of hit
subject, even while presenting a broad and gusted
outline of it ; and there was a play about
the manner la which he the fallacies
of hie opponents, such as can only proceed from
a thorough and (casein' mastery of his theme.
This playfulness, too, in no way derogated from his
characteristic tenacity of parpose • it was kept in
strict subordination to the attainment of the end he
had in view. Mr. COBDEN showed his wonted power
of winning from the house a pleased attention to what
cannot but shock the prejudises of the mejority.
Such being the turn and tabour of the debate, the
division sinks into a matter of very subordinate consi-
deration. True, them voted for Mr. Measure mo-
tion—notwithstanding the refuel of several of his
party to march throanoth Coventry with him-191
Ateliers included), with Mr. HUME only 72;
bat the victory, in point of argument, was clearly
in the side of the real financial reformers. Against
t and its allied section of the conservatives,
re;=li•lxed the amenity of retrenchment, and a
kyriiintshoteacemirvaunteeasiftitaushrese burdens of ofc;ervtax.nztadesttdion.
ofailThepladameStan-ying
simsof
he
high
commiktrithoity,bgraspuitoiszsgubservetaienst t
dieppothweeiiiiyed. selfii
those financial reformers who took the laid in the de-
Ivubs. Ilifh•Lowiliwing•tht:ustplit • I
lam•
partlleninen°aPatthineblDblarehainelniamotsmesnereto'fbnlytthaooftf

branch of the legislature which, in the noun of our
social mutations, has come to add no small share of
executive authority to its purely legislative functions.
Their party—oar party—the people's party—are mill
is a =coney in that house, but the minority is larger
than it has ever been before; and with the patios of
its cause, and the eminent business talent brought to
bear in its assertion, cannot fail to go on increasing.
Backed as it is by public monument out of doors, it
will, and speedily, extort large concessions from our
relax, or compel them to give piece to those who will
maks them.

COMMENTING on the new Austrian constitution, we
remarked, that however specious and liberal it might
seem to the eye of the stranger, it was calculated to
treats deep dissatisfaction in the provinces of the em-
pire itself, se well as throughout Germany. The re-
vuhion which it has mused at Frankfort is startling.
The moat friend that Austria had in the
central ent, the deputy WELCKER, has been
so disgusted by the contemptuous silence in which
the Austrian cabinet has paused over the Frankfort
Assembly and its labours to accomplish German unity,
eat le has at once transferred his sawn from
Austria to Prussia, and has moved that the king,
FREDERICK WILLIAM, be at once elected Hereditary
Emperor of Germany. Nor is any doubt longer en-
tertained of such a motion being carried.
We are es ;et, however, far from being either fully
or satisfactorily informed se to the circumstances or
auspices under which this constitution was pro-
claimed. We know that it was sudden, that it was
the measure of Count STADION, and sanctioned by
the Court of Olmuts, but whether it was completely
in accordance with the views of the military party
remains yet to be seen. It is pretty evident, too, that
the recent military operations of WlremsonasATß
have not been crowned with success. He announced,
on quitting Pesth, that he would sweep the Hunga-
rians from the westward of the Theiss, and not halt till
he reduced Debreckein. But General DEMBINSKI and
, the Hungarians have proved stubborn foes. They took
post in the space between the mountains and
the Theists. According even to the Austrian account
they defended their positions with desperate valour,
cue retreated merely to the gorges of the mountains
and to Miskloy, whither WINDISCRGRATZ, having
kat as many men as his foes, dust not follow them.
On the other hsnd, the Hungarians claim the victory
not only here but at Zolnok. And certain it is that
the Austrian field-marshal, instead of passing the
Theirs, has betaken him to Ofen. The Auysburg
Gerdes of the 10th itself speaks of the Hungarian
victory, and declares that BEM bee cleared Tran-
sylvania of Austrians, and remains master of all, save
of the fortresses garrisoned by the Rues:ans.
The true nature of these military events, so
shrouded in mystery, is of the utmost importance,
situ they decide, not, perhaps, the inclipendenee or
conquest of Hungary, but whether the Ernie roe of
AUSTRIA is to preserve his supremacy, by the military
tires of his own empire, or whether ho is to preserve
k merely by Russian aid. If FRANCIS JOSEPH
be reduced to the latter alternative, no octroy-
op of a constitution, liberal or illiberal,
can Rave him. The bore suspicion of such
an alliance has already lost him Germany ; the full
reality would fill every province of the empire with
disaffection and disgust, and render STADION'S
hurried promulgation of a constitution a mockery
and a farce. An Austrian constitution, under Rus-
sian bayonets, would be in reality, whatever it might
look in print, a mere copy of those Moldavian and 11 al-
lachian Estates, which are packs of cards in the hands
of the cabinet of St. Petersburg, whenever it wants
to cheat the Porte, and occupy the principalities.
The gene: al belief, however, in Vienna was, that
the close alliance between Russia and Anetria was
concluded, and would be sealed by the marriage of
the young Emperor to CATIIEBINA MICILELOWNA,
daughter of the Grand Doke MICHAEL ; and t' at the
Russian army was about to advance into Hungary, as
well as to occupy Gallicia and Cracow.
The fear and horror of Russian interference and
dictvion ire still stronger for the moment in Berlin
than even in Austria. The inner of our Berlin cor-
respondent gives a lively echo of the feelings enter-
tained. The cabinet of St. Petersburg has addressed
to that of Berlin a note, apropos of the Danish
question, and of the change in imperial authority
and federal organisation in process of heir g
wrought at Frankfort. This Las Worded FRED&
lUCK WILLIAM a fine opportunity for assuming
sn atitudo of patriotism and defiance. And he is
said to have replied to the Russian note in tones of
German pride. If Austrian folly has made the
King of PRUSSIA hereditary Emperor of Germany,
Russian menace and enmity will make him a popu-
lar emperor. And although we by no means
share our correspondent's belief, that war is
either probable or contemplated, still these crowned
heads and governments putting themselves in fighting
attitudes will rouse their populations, and set them
reflecting upon what interests they should defend,
what liberties develop,' and how beet they can form
such a gnat and cnnpact nation as may defy inter-
forame or egression.

FRANKFORT, MARCH 12.
The hereditary Prussian emperor has gained a de-
cisive victory to-day. It is all up with Austria.
M. Welcker has declared from the tribune that, after
what has passed within the last few days, the con-
viction has forced itself even upon him, that Austria
does not wish, and cannot be allowed, to be part of
the German state which the National Assembly his
been appointed to form; that he is therefore com-
pelled to vote for a hereditary emperor ; and that this
emperor can be no other than the King of Prussia.
Thu declaration bee given the death-blow to the
Austrian party in the German parliament. Yon are
aware that M. Welcker is the leader of those room•
bees of the Right who stood out for a directory in-
stead of an emperor, in order to afford Austria some
participation in the supreme government of Germany.
This party may muster about 30 votes. If you add these
30 to the 220 who have already declared for the
King of Prussia's being emperor. you will ge near to
have a majority in the paella Ant. And this " pro-
nunciamento" of the Welcher party will have a great
effect upon the remaining votes, who hesitated be-
tween an emperor and a directory. The triumph of
Prussia is certain, and, as usual, she will attract to
her standard all who swim with the stream. In a
word, I believe the King of Prussia may already con-
sider himself Emperor of Germany. The only pos-
sible doubt is as to the title being declared heredi-
tary. The whole of the Left would consent to an em-
peror elected for a term of six years ; but I believe
the Prussian party will now be able to do without
the easistanos el the Left. The hereditary emperor
will find a large enough majority without them to
entitle him to be regarded as the choice of the Ger-
man people.
Mr. Weckler proposes that the Assembly shall
vote without previous discussion the second
reading of the constitution. I do not believe
that this will be done; but it is beyond a doubt
that the Xing of Prussia will be elected Emperor.
The very utmost that the friends of German unity
can hope for is to have German Austria recognised as
de fere a part of the emp7re, and should the Austrian
government succeed in preventing its becoming so de
facto, to throw the responsibility upon them, and not
upon the National and Constituent Assembly of
Germany.

BRAZILS.

FIGHT WITH THE REBELS AT PERNAM-
BUCO.-GREAT LOSS OF LIFE.

By the Columbus, at Liverpool, we have received
dates from Pernambuco Jo the Bth Feb., and Rio
Janeiro to the 19th January. From the latter port
there is no news of interest to report. Exchange
ruled at 241. Freights were nominal, at Ms. per
ton, and shipping abundant.
From the former place we have the important in-
telligence, contained in the following portion of a
letter dated
" PERNAMBUCO, FEB. 3.—Since I last wrote things
have come to a crisis. The rebels attacked the
town in three columns, at three different p • fa, at
daybreak yesterday morning, and succeeded in enter-
ing the city by the Cisco Pontos road. They ob-
tained partial possession of the Santos Antonio, where
they were aided by their friends in town firing upon
the troops from the houses; and some desperate fight-
ing has taken place. The government troops and
marines (landed from the vessel, of war), aided
by the volunteer corps, however kept possession
of the principal poets until about 2 o'clock in the
afternoon, when Melo arrived with his forces, and com-
pletely routed the rebels; their retreat by the Affa-
gads road having been cut off, none of the body that