The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-01 00:00:00

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The largest returns appear to have been realised with the
Zollverein and neighbouring countries, which, as they sur-
round the Austrian dominions, are necessarily the principal
consumers of its abundance, and the natural factors of its
external commerce.
Before concluding this Ott of the subject we must, of
neoeuity, allude to the trade, which, particularly
in the cantons of Sideman& awl do stater of the Grimes
Union, is earned on to vomit on enormous extent that the re,
suit must be taken into comiderstion in every statement
having any regard to aearmay. There are two differs*
kinds of roangeding practised as the Austrian frontier. T
and ANA sorcood MI6 of avoiding the custom del*
aseempibbed by Ibo abuse el the privilege granted to tbr
inhabitants of He besseary districts, to purchase from rift
cent territories, Isitherat payment of duty, cedilla win

Coffee. sift

149,705
518,04

28522
11,112

%Orin. sad dates
01res cal (foreign)
OW Dalmatian sad
amp, line, and rep oil
!Mt

110,972
232,579
57,451

RP
blip" a..»..........

1 W,848
1 2.5,019
928
211,949
1

lOW I

268,086
111,792
149,267
41,312
114,4%
22,337
48,604
44,130
108,189
/43,305
31,852

1,,85511,209,724
676,184
88,811
426,0/6

imusublemall.!—
Wines, thdmatiss ael balm
Ditto, Italian...
Ditto, simal
Oran

iii,i
31,.1
1 1111,t

37,793
6,001
4,447
4,773

Cove ad atm

149,382
4,976
114,333
13,947
111,611
1?.12!

Scan
Moir is.l tad. /beim

11,396
1,321
41,181
44,044%
118,80:
13,298
18,911
4,361,928

3,18!
1,517,111

.26,105
1,810
10,439
847
2,326
2,319
1,332
2,583
33,938
3,019
4,038

I ip 6m6 wooed Yr Cala
maw"

.--e,iii
128,018
AO!

OW

=

16,226
113,87?

ILma --
—... .. .

at* throws ....... I
Flu

1,1
8
20,632
14,818

_,___
1,590
7,232
17,428
20,397

30,761
1 5,751
576
129,969

/kap n 1
Sow.

Wool
o and ma
Cleves, 412, sal pot ribs
Fetthen br Ink

63,43
67,977
$3,607

83;
4,979
1,077

Tow

Trtun aIL

$2,679
238

4,238
42.627
13,442
509
23,229
314
9,633
7,233
94

Yams. alba
Diu%lbsa .....
Ditto, guild
Leal/art, mom
vallikek
OM= mimbilessi ......
=llir prim
MID .
Sat It mho! mmilaborid

4,423
31.831
29,191
12,131
18,290
/81
935
104
439

9,342

lisimestind Inn
Waving apponi —. Psalm
Ormawnts

33,963
342

-1,531
917
109,591
119,0?0
53,
446,872
181,9513

SON
2,632
6,707.

30,383

1,12 G
022,0q0
2,267,000
894,61 X)
169,00
9,564

Macey
Machinery
Book., map. -
••-

-e;i4s
224,222
10,302

The dation on goods imported into Austria amounted to
1,681,5001, about 91 per cent. on 17,948,5001. The duties
collected in Great Britain on imports of the value of
75,441,5551., amounted to 23,849,5601., or 311 per cent.
From this statement it seems that the custom duties are
sot so heavy in Austria as they were in England, previous
to the revisal of the tariff.
Of the sum of 1,681,4001., the greater part, viz., 1,160,0001.,
was collected on the goods enter, d for consumption ; and
we. contributed by the following articles, in the following
rrertisirl scOtfo,al goods
agnculturo
yarro
Stog. for manufactured sadisitasaanfairtared 74

pods
llanithictuicti commodities sad works of art— 14
The duties, in proportion to the population, amount, in
Austria, to 10 id. per head ; and in England, where twmty-
eight millions of inhabitants were taxed to the extent of
23,849,5601., the proportion was ne less than 17,. per bead.
From this summary it would appear that the Austrian
tariff is regulated rather with a view to increase the reve-
nue than a desire to protect the national industry were it
not that the latter is cared for by the prohibition of certain
articles, which being only manufactured without the Aus-
trian domains, and in great demand within, are supplied
exclusively by the smuggler.
On the whole, however, it must be admitted even by these
most hostile to the politics of the Austrian government that
its commercial legislation has been humane in intention and
often liberal in opinion. Fully one hundred years ago maw
grievances which still exist in other countries were abolished-I
as, for instance, the forfeiture of wrecks to the crown,the law d
reprisals, staple laws, &c., &c. Regulations for commtialll
mid exchange have been in force upwards of one hundred
and twentyifive years ; one hundred years have " travelled
from the mystic future into the recorded past" since *apse-
mulganon of the custom laws; more than 90 years have
elapsed since consuls were first appointed; 82 years have &PIM
away since insurance offices were authorised ; 75 yam him
pawd since the first normal school was erected ;
bank has been Ibundest these 34 years ; and, at the prissat
time, • network of highways, 15,000 miles in extant, in
worm over the surface of the country ; and Austria is very
hr before France in reference to the length of railroad smiel-
pleted and at the service of the public. It would be *vat
to reproach the government of Austria solely for the pell.
tical state of that country; and, in its steady and condom&
activity in promoting commercial enterprise, we pavan lie
inclination to a really liberal and enlightened ecomaudad
policy—a policy, we believe, in perfect accordance with
the predominant views and wishes of the people,
And this is of material consequence for our own country.
The direst trade between Great Britain and Austria during
the year 1844 amounted to 1,351,9291,,...
Vie Trieste Tak.ll-4 Mai
Vance 20.279

ivTn;

926 3f!47

meta
Oat*

2.2311
4.691

/771,770 £580,159
But more important was the indirect trade through the
Zollverein, which was the channel of our whole commerce
with Austria in indigo, cochineal, cotton goods, cobras, and
Sheffield wares, the Imports of which (legal and illegal) can-
. not fall far short of 4,000,0001., for which we receive in
return, wool, silk, lambskins, etc.
If we do not deceive ourselves in looking upon the existing
treaty with Austria only as the preparation for a more cordial
intimacy,—if we are not mistaken in our belief that Austria
awaits only our proposal, to respond to our recent emancipa-
tion from the prohibitive system by a modification of her
putrefies duties in favour of our manufactures and the pro-
duce dour colonies,—then we cannot doubt that the con-
sumption in one country of articles produced by the other
would at once increase to such an extent, that each country
would become the best customer the other would pewees;
that the consumption in the one would stimulate the industry
of the other; and that, by the mutual and combined ad-
',lmages of this improved traffic, both the Austrian notion
nod the treasury would find themselves requited in a tenfold
degree for the swine. from which they have been hitherto
shrinking.

A FILNT TO THE OWNERS or itOT-HOIAEu.-
4i Dive me
air, er •.hall die !" is ••• tvvyinsireicr. wolch
Toast people have heard occasionally, but which a gardener
Itifht listen to every hour of his existence, had he the skill
to intermet the language of plants. " Give me air, or I
dull die," is incessantly repeated by every leaf in ninety-
Was hothouses, greenhouses, conservatories, hibernatories,
end pits in a hundred, all over Europe. But the voice is un-
awed • the pale looks, the feeble frames of the sufferers are
dims"' ded ; hest is offered as a substitute for air, and the
duties of horticulture are thought to be fulfilled when a
blanket is wrapped round a patient perishing of suffocation.
Gardener's Chronick.
EnIERHATION or Ben. Acting on the hint
riOT dropped in this paper from the experizitents of a
"tacilist, a gentleman of Great Marylebone-street
••• contrived an apparatus for etlaerising bees, which doe* Its
'Mk without the least trouble. The bees are at drat much
agitated, then stnpified, and fall to the ground, when they
au ybe handled with impunity. The effect Is produced in
ftW mere than a minute and a half.

OVERLAND INDIA MAIL.

BOMBAY, Jtte 19, 1847.
7:ll_e_jfitellistituve gmegyed by the present mail is of
considerable interest, though not of • very imaitiac nature.
The chief items are supplied by India, and the native Mates
in &Ilium with or subordinate to it. One of the most im-
portant is the deposition of the Maharajah of Nepeul by his
subjects, and the placing on the throne of the heir-apparent
in his stead. It is now some months since • bloody massacre
took place at his capital of Katmandoo, by instigation of the
Maharajah, in revenge for the murder of some of his adhe-
rents by order of the Queen. Shortly after this the King un-
dertook a pilgrimage to the holy city of Benares, in our do-
minions, ostensibly for the purpose of purifying himself after
the committal of such atrocities, but in reality, I believe, to
getout of the way of his enraged subjects till the remembrance
of his delinqueccies should have been obliterated from
their minds. He remained at Bemires for a few months,
during which time his enemies had not been idle. Their
cabals coming to kiss ear he halted at a place called Segowlee,
and despatehed • messenger with • letter to the chiefs at
Katmendno, statiniseehat_he had heard, and ordering them
, immediately to send the prime minister, Jung Bahadoor—
the the favourite of his Queen—a prisoner to his camp, with all
'his family and relatives. In the event of his refusing to
obey his sovereign's mandate the chiefs were directed to take
his life and send his head to Segowlee. But Jung Bahadoor
had raised up for himself a powerful party at Katmandoo,
and the chiefs, having held a consultation on receipt of the
King's letter, came to the conclusion that their royal master
was mad, and instead of obeying his behests they unani-
nimowily agreed to depose him and place the heir apparenton
the throne of Nepaul in his stead. The resolution was sooner
come to than it was carried into effect. A letter was
sent to the ex-Maharajah, acquainting him with what had
been done ; stating, at the same time, that should he wish
to return to his country, he would be treated with ell
respect as • private individual; or, should he not intend
returning, suitable provision would be made for his main-
tenance in India. Some 8,000 of those disaffected towards
the new order of matters at Katmandoo are said, mean.
while, to have joined the royal camp at Segowlee; and, if
so, it is probable the old king may be induced to make an
attempt to recover his throne by their aid. It is seldom
such bloodless revolutions occur anywhere—still less seldom
at Katmandoo. It is not very likely that our government
will interfere in this matter, as the deposed sovereign was a
bloodthirsty tyrant, and apparently an object of the deepest
' hatred to his subjects. Everything continued quiet at
Katmandoo, and the ex-king was, by latest accounts, at
Segowlee—probably contemplating on his future proceed-
ings. It is not unlikely he may submit to his nusseeb (fate),
and return to the holy city of Benaree, there to end his ill-
, spent life in peace and quiet.
The Itajpootana States supply the next most pleasing and
important item. Slave dealing has been abolished from the
land, and the very name of slave is no more to be men-
tioned. Some short while since, suttee and infanticide were
prohibited by the same chiefs ; it is now declared a capital
offence to aid or abet in these, or even to witness them.
These things have been brought about by our political
agents, which redound more to their honour than almost
anything else they could have employed themselves in
accomplishing. Tee chiefs of the Rajpootans States are
going more ahead than any of the native princes of
India, there being now in Bombay workmen from different
trades sent by them for the purpose of being instructed
in their professions in the Polytechnic Institute lately esta-
blished here, and which will commence operations in right
earnest after the monsoon. Some of these men are exceedingly
expert and skilful, and whet properly instructed in the use
and construction of European implements they will carry
back with them to their homes samples and drawings of
agricultural and household instruments, the general iatro
duction of which into practice will be attended with the
most beneficial results to the country. In the Bombay Times
Summary of this morning particulars are given of these
things which are well worthy of a place in your paper.—
Brigadier Dyce his made over charge of the Ooomaoor
agency about the middle of June. The districts continue
in as disturbed • state as ever. The celebrated leader
Chokra Bisshye is still at large, though offering terms of
ennead. r. Attacks are still made on the smell parties of our
troops scattered about the country, which generally end in
our soldiers being obliged to abandon their posts and join
the next party to them. This gives the insurgents confi-
dence, and leads them to attack our posts more frequently
than they would do did they know we were strong enough
to give them • suitable reception. The Madras Spectator,
the strenuous defender of Captain M.Pherson's (the former
agent, under whose management the Meriah sacrifices had
been entirely suspended for a length of time) policy, thus
expresses himself as to the present state of the country
A comparison of the state of the conntry now with that in which
It was after the first campaign in the former rebellion, most clearly
indicates a great feeling of insecurity on the part of the people, rind
their want of confidence in the present agency. Then, though Dora
fikellye, the chief leader of the rebellion, was still at large, and the
Khends unsubdoed, confidence and tranquillity were restored to the
low country. Culttration was everywhere meted on and villages re-
built. (Now, agriculture is at a stand, villages unbuilt, sad the
roots crowd the tope at Nowgsum.) Mr. Rumen, however, still non.
aidered the presence of several battalions necessary to the full restora-
tion of peace to the country; while Col. Campbell seems to deem a
knit of MO matchlock men all that is requidte. Mr. Rowell had
sagacity enough to perceive that a barbarow race, when their pus-
Woos bad been recited by war, could only be reduced to order by
severity and • display of power. With the example of the results at
the Cope of • contrary Use of policy before their ems, it is strange
that government should have expec!cal that peace could be restored
to the country by confessions made to barbarity still at open war.
The state of affair' in Oudh continues in the main as usual.
The King is a tool in the hands of his minister, though said
to be on any hut friendly terms with him. 8o long as be is
let run on in his course of indulgence in all the vices
which degrade a native court he cares not for anything else,
and his minister takes advantage of this state of thine' to
carry out his own designs of aggrandisement. The King
has been remonstrated with by our resident, Colonel
Richmond, and also by our government, but he heeds
them not. It is high time some more potent mea-
sures were taken by us with him and his affairs than
we have heretofore ventured on. Why not depose
him at once, and place his brother—a man represented
in the most favourable light—on the throne in his
stead ? Such a step was adopted with the Rajah
of Sattarah not long since, and has been attended with the
best results . the wisdom of such a proceeding towards Oudh
is admitted by all. Till something of the kind is done we
cannot expect to hear of anything but disorder at Lucknow.
The minister had recovered from the wounds inflicted on
him a short while since, and three of the attempted esteeming
bad been tried and condemned—the carrying into effect of
their sentence having, for the present, been deferred. In
my last I mentioned that the joint-stock bank, proposed to
be formed in the Nizam's capital (Hyderabad) had been
given up, owing to the shareholders disagreeing amongst
themselves ; it has since been stated that it had actually paid
seven out , f the fifty lac. it had agreed to lend to the go-
vernment, for which, doubtless, the capitalists hold good
security. General Fraser is said to have advised the intro-
duction of a new coinage similar to that in use in the corn-
pany's dominions, but the Nixam is opposed to the
measure—u, indeed, he is to every useful reform
which is proposed by us. The abolition of tran-
sit duties in the Nizam's territory would seem to
be in contemplation. The liabilities against the Ni-
zam's government amount to the enormous sum of
756,0001. The Calmata Englishman of the Bth July, re-
ceived this morning, mentions, on the authority of an Assam
letter, that a large colony of men from China had settled in
Bor Khamti, near our frontier. They are said not to be
Chinese. The inhabitants of Khamti would not seem to be
much enamoured of their new neighbours, and were endea-
vouring to drive them from their settlement. The English-
man anticipates that through these new settlers an important
trade may be opened up overland with China, as the distance
betwixt Upper Assam and the densely populous districts of
Coins cannot be very great. Re recommends the establish-
ment of an annual fair at K hamti, to which he thinks the
Chinese traders would gladly resort. The opening up of
onsbad trade with China is certainly well worthy of being
sought after, and probably were suitable merchandise taken
for sale to Khamn, the traders might be induced to resort
thither, to barter their goods with our merchants; but I
fear the distance is too great, and the risks to be
encountered too numerous, to admit of a hope of
the traffic ever being carried on to any extent. The robber
chief, or rather that prince of robbers, Doonghur Singh, still
manages to " laugh at the beards" of those endeavouring
to effect his capture. One day he is here—the next fifty
miles off, he well knowing that his chief safety is in never
continuing in one place, as even his own people would be
inclined to betray him for the sake of the reward offered for
his person, independently of the chance of his being over-
taken by our troops. He managed the robbery of the trea-
sury at Nuseeerabad in most artistic style, carrying off some
2,700/., having first overpowered the aepoy guard in charge
of the treasure. Nothing positive had been heard of him
after this affair, but the country all round was in great
alarm, not knowing In what quarter he would next make
his appearance. He is said to have about 600 followers, who
disperse to avoid attracting notice, till an opportunity of act-
ing offers, when they assemble, as if by magic, and pounce
on their prey.
The Golcondah districts are said to be catching an irsur-
reetionary infection from causes similar to thole which set
Ooomecior in • ferment. The poor ryots are said to have
been harshly used, and to have for a length of time urged
their grievances in vain. The rebels insist on their rajah
and their country being restored to them, by which, I sup-
pose, they wish us to quit the district they threaten (the
villagers with fire and sword if they dare to cultivate their
lands for us, And on many occasions have carried their
threats into execution, carrying off their wives and families
as is done in Goommor, as hostages, I presume, that the
husbands will either join them or set as they order them.
We have here a wing of a regiment, the men and officers of
which are heartily disgusted with their marching* and
countermarching, through an unhealthy district to no
puradne supplies a few items of interest. The muti-
neers of the 6th cavalry, sentenced to transportation for life
in 1844. he.. ‘sees cordoned. Thies,* cf ^lenience hierviva-

rue to much discussion, the Madre journals oontending that
it is a virtual acknowledgment on the part of the
Marquis of Tweeddale of the injustice committed on
the unfortunate ringleaders of the mutiny who suffered the
penalty of death for their crime. The marquis has, how-
ever, by others been commended for this act of justice, how-
ever late in the day it has been performed. It is said the
noble lord had received intimation that he would be relieved
on his term of service expiring, which period has nearly
arrived. It has also been rumoured that he applied for the
poet of commander-in-chief of India, shortly expected to be
vacant by the retirement of Lord (lough. A fresh trial in
the rase of the convert girl Meeneatha wee applied for in
the supreme court, but refused by Sir W. Burton. The
deaths of Surgeon Harrison, and Lieutenants Maidnien,
Bradley, and Prichard, lost in the late hurricane on the
oast in April, have been officially announced as having oc-
caned on the 16th April, but the Madras journals have
published a certificate, stating that the former embarked
on board the ship Joseph Bobby, on the 10th of

IMay, for Liverpool ; and the third named was meant
with his corps at Seetabuldee on the lit of
We may, therefore, presume government wrong as rma
these two, buyiriasipears too certain that Lieuts. Maidma:
and Prichardardperished on the occasion. Mr. Lewis, C.S., of
the Sudder A wlut, whole use lately occupied so much at-
t./WOO, has been allowed to resign the service. It is likely
that on his Man hangland he will make important disclo-
sures as to the mode of earryingan the government of Madras.
The ship Roberts, which was burnt to the water's
edge, in the Hosgley, off Calcutta, on the 29th June, bail a
Lascar crew, and it is still supposed that she has been the
victim of incendiarism, but nothing to confirm the suspicion
has been elicited. A draft act is said to be in course of pre-
paration by the legislative council of India forth. prevention
of ship-burning, and that it will soon appear is the Gazelle.
Lords Hardioge and Gough remain at the hills till
October, when the former proceeds to Calcutta, where
he remains till his departure from India in January
next. It is expected the commander-ia-chief will
not long remain after him. The mission to Tbibet, of
which Lieutenant Strachey is the head, was to leave Simla
about the middle of the present month. It was expected
the Governor-General would call at Goruckpore, on his
way from the hills to the low country. The chief topic of
interest at Bombay during the fortnight has been the
" coal conspiracy cam." The case was this : Messrs. Hub-
bard, Collett, and Co., tendered, through their Parsee
broker, 100 tens of coals to government, at the rate of 14 rs.
per ton. The tender was accepted, and the coals ordered to
be given into the depot at Colaba. The money was paid,
but the coals were never delivered : the conductor at the
depot for granting receipts for coals he bed not received, to-
gether with Mr. Hubbard, were tried fur defrauding the
government,
and found guilty ; and the Parsee broker,
betwixt whom and Livingston, the conductor, no doubt an
understanding existed, was allowed to traverse till next
session. The former two prisoners were sentenced to
be imprisoned in the House of Correction for ti o
years. The impression seems general that Hubbard
was not aware of the fraud practised on the govern-
ment, and it is possible his term of imprisonment
may be shortened. The day after the conviction
and sentence of the above-named prisoners, Capt. Lynch,
assistant-superintendent Indian navy, laid an information of
a similar nature in the police-office against Mean. Cumming
and nephew, and Conductor Livingston. Tenders for 300
tons of coals, at 14 es. per ton, had been accepted, the money
p .id, but no coals had been delivered at the depOt. The way
in which these coals were accounted for in the books was by
giving each steamer from 30 to 60 tons short for her Aden
voyage, and every other voyage in proportion. The same
broker acted in both cases. At the police-office on Saturday,
" Mr. Burn, solicitor, observed to the magistrate that his
client, Mr. Cumming, would not hesitate to admit
his haring signed the tender in question. It was very
foolish of him, and he was tiny for it, but no inten-
tion of fraud existed on his part; he had net received a
single rupee of the money ; he had given up to Cureetjee the
cheque received from the Indian navy, and had taken a re-
ceipt for the same ; his client knew the guilty party; he bad
no intention of screening him from punishment ; and he in-
tended disclosing everything he knew. The magistrate said
it would be premature to enter into a defence until the entire
evidence for the prosecution had been gone into."
A man was tried at the last sessions for beating a woman
so that she died. The judge was of opinion the crime
amounted to murder. The jury gore a verdict of " aggra.
'sited manslaughter," for which the prisoner was sentenced
to one month's imprisonment. This case was commented
on by the Times, on which Sir E. Perry read the
article from the bench, and pronounced it false, lie.,
at the same time commending the honesty of the
reports of the trial in the daily papers from which the
facts of the article which gave displeasure were derived. I
regret to inform you of the death of Cept. T. M. B. Turner,
garrison engineer at Bombay, which occurred on the 9th
July. The deceased was universally respected and beloved
for his many amiable qualities. The monsoon at Bombay
has been extremely favourable so far, nearly 50 inches of rain
having fallen. Trade continues rather dull, and the money
market easy. The Bank of Bombay has declared a dividend
of 8 per cent., and the Commercial Bank one of 9.
A postscript so the Bombay Times summaryof this morn-
ing states that Sir C. Napier had applied to the Governor-
General for a steamer to sail direct from Kurrachee to Suez
in September next, owing to the ill-health of his lady.
Her ladyship has now, -however, recovered, so that it
is probable Sir Charles may not quit Scinde for
some months to come. Everything was quiet and
the troops healthy. Some Bengal Thugs had been
caught at Kurracbee, and imprisoned. The most important
item of news from the Punjaub was the illness, or rather
weariness, of our Resident, Colonel Lawrence, who was
about starting for Simla till the return of the cold weather.
Sir John Littler had returned to the Jullundhur Doab, to
give over charge, probably before his departure for Calcutta.
Retrenchment is still being carried on at Peahawur, where
the troops are being paid up and discharged. Dost Maho-
need's troubles are as far as ever from being over. It is mid
that, like Peter, he has been obliged todisown our friendship
to keep some of his subjects from open revolt : But this is
the native newswriter's version of the story.
The Bombay criminal session, concluded just as the
mail left, has supplied the Indian press with much food
for discussion. A man was sentenced by Sir Erskine
Perry to the inadequate punishment of one month's
imprisonment, for brutally beating his sister-in-law to
death! The same judge, a few months before, sen-
tenced an English officer to three months' imprison-
ment and a fine of 501. for thrashing a native police-
man. Another case which has excited comment is
that of a Hindoo indicted for perjury, and who has
been discharged without trial, although a true bill was
found against him by the grand jury.