The Express.
London, England, 1851-08-02 00:00:00

ely that friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer; and persons of
argument theiee,
government might use, palpable injustice. With respect to the other part of the i deratione which had been place befo his right hen.
evasion, he asked them to explain what frauds avouat prao-
jh 1 posed alteration would entail, his right hon. friend would
indirect loss would accrue to the revenue from frauldd and
mapraucetittacalvteoxrpetreipernmcenatnedd
tfhie:tminn,eqformueed.terwthhiechpatiiiieitsrtant.
dace that effect. This was no new proposal. _ Sug
fact- public purse had he allowed any relaxation of system likely
fined for export he admitted, but there was as much
he it was to injure so seriously the revenue. (hear.) As far as he (Mr.
j been relined in boad for 20 years. That it had born so re.- obviously have been wanting in his duty as guardian of the
lily for fraud when the was for ex
for home consumption. starlhe only
h vernment were parties having two establishments : one establishment
the refining would be done on a largersecatl portation ; and a second
differrneed Itilwowuld when
that Labouchere)was informed, the parties who urged the chanao
er
dan act fur refining sugar in bond for ex
ofjustice to the West Indian colonic
theyoter‘ wished,i
ts the
great injustice—if they reeiste . a the motion on the plea o mar t . . ,
f k -.t Now it was repreaented that if such parties wero
to interfere with the present system, which weary wuomr'king out establishment, out of bond, for the supply of tie house-
iiitisatlheonwaajrl,
lv
bu;
fide, and prove their case. The hon. baronet concluded.th
had trade in consequence of the inequalities which would arise ;
thanking the house for the attention with which ey ewtiwiuold"'b'eteiTfis
injury to the revenue, then they wen
,bound to doso
and that such parties alone would be the gainers by the
tiep e ni
greatesti ttcil to
injusticework th
heard him. he now submitted to the house that under
house should these eircurnstnnces, slut at this period of the session, it bring
stated briefly the reasons ally ho thought the
the facta the great body of the sugar refiners were averse
not egret to the resolution.
Ile did not dispute proved that .
Mr. LABUCIIERE, in the absence of Sir C. Wood, change. 1
throe would be proefueed and of the inconveniences which
restrictions upon trade, operated unfavoura ly
"11 at all would arise; and it being further necertained from the
• that the restrictions imposed upon sugar-rtning, like all to the alteration on the ground chin
the inequality whieh
concerned in the manufacture ; but this was
,au
and • bc attended with risk to the revenue it them ost severe In
aware Chuff 4,000,0001. were levied on this article; , . .
ardise that ra- study:lie Were no reser t
t t al t would be in the thickest
the question beore the house. (Hear, hear.) 1. he house mod experienced Excise officers that such a change wouid
unless lion. gentlemen were prepared to jeep
coved " Mr. MI1"11ELL supported the motion, the obegtieris
there were any restrictions which might safely he
N f hree mwhole offered to which lie treated as extremely weak. Mr. La-
. venue, the only question for consideration was whether' degree inexrdient to agree to the resolution proposed..
as illillTiOUll er superfluous. (Hems hear., . •
' h eat i was a restriction which he had justified on the ground that
,after full investigation, the government h wit
h gr nt ' the London refiner, did not desire its removal, the motive
matter bad been repeatedly looked into by the government, . bouchere hail admitted that the prohibition to refine in bond
' reluctance c ime to the conclusion not to disturbt .t p.
arket. The plea that the change would Mahe fraud was without
portation from the refiners of sugar fur the omehm
system of separating the refiners of sugar
hlion't'l fro Te- of which was obvious—to keep up a profitable monopoly.
hn‘ 1 has ' Mr. WILSON rose and was about to address the hoes?,
Benton hadloidgreat strees,hecould assure the home e e . 1
an could do that it WAS
. As regarded the case of the colonies, on which the..o . gen- 1 evidenee.
• strongly as the hon. geotlem • their when an honourable member oved that the house he
cially our West Indian colonies, from every commercial um- ! journed
at a quarter before 9 o'clock.
. duty as well as their interest to free our colonies, and...espe- , counted, and 37 members only bung, present, the house ad-
:to interfere with their prosperity. The hon. baronet had
J pediment, the effect of which wean) fetter their industry or
........___._
stated that the grievance under which the West Indian
' colonists suffered by the existing system was that they
exported their sugars in the coarse state, and that the con-
sequence was that as the duty was paid, not oa. the sugar
when refined, but on the sugar as it ethereal thus country,
they were, in point of fact, subjected to a discouragement
by a duty which was meant to apply equally. Now, this
question had been much considered by tire committee winch
sat iu 181 t, and over which Lord George Bentinck pre-
sided. It was quite true that the hon. member for V. cat-
; bury (Mr. J. Wilson), one of the members of
i the committee acknowledged at that time, with
, other gentlemen who bud sat on the committee,
that m the scale stood a substantial grievance had been
wade out. But did no alteration iu the law take place in
1 consequence of this investigation ? The hon. baronet was
perfectly well aware that at the recommendation of the
committee—a recounneudation made in reference to this
I special grievance—a material change in the low took place.
blusco- 11Wt: won't be ladders any more for other men to
Au intermediate duty on brown cloyed, between
', wade and white cloyed, was agreed to, in order to meet this mount on." So say the tenant fanners of Suffolk,
particular case. In some degree, therefore, this grievance
wakening to a WINO of their true position, and re-
-1 had been dealt with.
Sir J. PAKINGTON—But my motion is prospective. solved to be duped no longer.
Mr. LABUCCHEItE—No doubt ; but the motion did What has been achieved by mourning over a lost
not refer to 18.534; and in the month of August, it wt;a:
quite sufficient to argue as to what might be. u.r
.could
of
protection? What would be gained by the orropicrs
done in 1851. (Hear.) Another alteration, diminishing the
difficulty complained of, had been made iu regard to the quarter •
land by the re-enactment of a duty of, say, Zis. a
on cons ? Would 15/, a year on a farm
management of sugar in the colonies. He believed that the of 100 acres—supposing the whole amount of
quality of the sugars imported from British possessions the duty to sink into the farmer s pocket,
approached now much more nearly the quality of foreign
sugars than at any previous period. Iu both the East and
West Indian sugar-producing colonies there hail, of late
years, been considerable improvement in the process of or the reverse ? ,
Working sugar : and the result had been that the sugar
from these places competed favourably in quality with sugars
of Cuba and other foreign sugars of sugar-producing
countries. There was, again, no reason to suppose that „resco
there had been any diminution in recent years iu the quart- 1"
which it assuredly would not—make the differ-
ence of comfort or the contrary:, independence
to him NO such toting; and if not,
why should the cultivators of the soil submit any
further to be arrayed against the rest of their coun-
trymen in a political struggle of which no man eats
dressed tothe
thy of sugar imported into this country from our colonies.. 0
In aacertaining • . this tact he looked to the triennial aye- to form nn agricultural
? Such were the sentiments ad-
the mectin,, held the other day at Ipswieli
agricultural relief association ; and they
rages, which appeared a fairer test than the figures of a appear to have elicited hearty expressions of sup-
particular year. He admitted that this year the imports- port and sympathy from those present. For truth
nun from the West Inds had fallen off; but he believed will
ever
find an echo in the hearts of earnest men ;
that this was chiefly to lie ascribed to the calamity which
had occurred to Jamaica. The cholera, which had counsel
il and men who meet together to take mutual
committed such ravages in Jamaica, had de- as to the exigencies of their own condition, are tlio-
prived that colony of its required number of roughly in earnest.
' labourers, and there had been a consequent decrease It is plain that the occupiers of land in England
in its usual exportation of sugar ; but he believed that from _ well
as
• none of the otht r West Indian colonies had there beat any .• in Ireland begin to feel that they have
material diminution. 'f eking the triennial averages, the been befooled by the owners of land, who in order to
general result was most satisfactory ; and, while conaidera- have an excuse for exacting more rent, have gone
Me benefit had been conferred generally on the revenue about taking the name of the yeomanry in vain.
from the entire importation, there was no reason to suppose The electioneering cry of " all in tlic same boat"
that any injury had been inflicted on the colonies. He
will no longer onswer. Diminution of tuxes, re-
would nut read the items ; but the totals of the trimnial
averages were these : In the three years, 1839 to 1811 in- J moval of hindrances to proper culture, and security
elusive, there were imported from the British West Indies Ifor the value of improvements made at the tenants
12,389,0110 cwt.; in the next three years, 1842 to 1814 in : cost and risk,—these are the rightful end reason-
elusive, 2,487,000 cwt. ; in 1845 to 1817, inclusive,' able
2,733,718 cwt. ; and in the last three years,. t
Will ere long be made by every
the kingdom. Afore 1850 inclusive, 2,740,619 cwt.; being a trifle more in
Mauritius the increase had been greater. In the first I are at first set forth
period, the importation had been 620,000 cwt. ; in the next ! unexceptionable.
period, 568.000 cwt. ; in the third period, 9114,000 cwt.
and in the last period, 929,000 met. From the East Indies,
the importation had been an the first period, 716,000 cwt. ;
1818
_.:
and demands which the men of Suffolk make,
may nut perhaps ho.
ore valleuetcnnusiay adlliequiateh they
ill ‘‘attaceihedt etyo
;lone species of fiscal remission in one district than in
another.
in the next period, 1,011,000 cwt.; in the third period, must ever ben question of par
I,:isn,Ooo cwt.; awl in the last period, 1,381,000 cert.
While, therefore, the general supply of sugar had increased of The repeal of the malt-tax, for example,
tial popularity ire coin-
in with the alleviation of many other burdens
general and indiscriminate pressure. Some por-
than in the three years preceding. Front the . county
to the great advantage of the revenue, and to the great tions of the country its like manner suffer
bete tit of the consumer in this country, it was apparent
that the gratifying result had not loomaccomplished by a fur snore than oihers from the excessive
rifice which he for one should greatly lament I
—the sacri-
. preservation of game. But the great princi-
' flee, namely, of the augar-produring interests of the British ;pies of agricultural relief are developing
possessions. And as to prices, those interests had no ground j themselves, and will take shape, as all important
for complaint. Taking the last four years, up to the 31st :things are apt to do, experimentally and gradually.
j December, the price of Muscovado, EasJ and West IndianJ tild the
' sugar, had been, in 1817, 225. per cat.; in 1848, 2'2s. per I '
y grop
' ewt.; in 1819, 2fis. per cwt.; and in 1850, 275. per cwt. I great any are obviousl u aced round the ono
d firm centre—namely, benefit for the
' Thus, therefore, the larger supply to this country had not j farmer which the trader will not grudge, instead of
' been accompanied by anything like that ruin to the West j gambling gain at the expense of the inhabitants of
' Indian colonies which had been predicted. (Hear, hear.) I the towns.
He would admit, then, that if sugar refining iu bond for 1
' home consumption could be allowed it would be a boon to Far from deprecating or opposing the increased
J the West Indian producer: and he thought that that boon security of agricultural tenure, for example, the mu-
'ought to be granted, unless very serious practical objections I nufacturer and the merchant would gladly aid ill
could be urged to the concession. Ile would now, therefore, I giving the occupier of the soil new inducements
' state the real objections to the motion of the hon. baronet. Ito improve mid invest capital in his holding.
The hon. baronet had treated rather lightly that petition
. from London sugar refiners which he (Mr.
.Labouchere) jlt is impossible to interest
conceive any more clear
' bad laid on the table that evening. The hon. baronet had ' pe t .
or rmanent Inn that which the conitnerciai classes
J represented that this petition Was only signed by a majority !have in the well-being: the content,and the inipmve-
' of the sugar refiners of London. lie (Mr. Lahouchere) Anent of the agriculturists. Let these latter only say
. begged to inform the hon. baronet that it was signed by 1 what common burthens they desire to have lessened,
nearly every one of the sugar refiners of the metropolis ; I
and he further begged to remind the hon. baronet that the what local control over local expenditure they wish
sugar refining trade of London was somewhat larger than 'to obtain, what reformation in rural economy,
the whole sugar refining trade of the rest of the United' whether as regards game or tithe, or any other
Kingdom. The hon. baronet had said that the sugar re- matter they think necessary, and public opinion
liners were divided in emotion. There was no doubt ;that in the towns will cheerfully act in concert
they were ; but they we're divided most unequally.l
(hear, hear.) He (Mr. Labouchere) denied that among , ,
I with theirs ; and parliament will speedily
the sugar refiners out of London there was anything like ix OO occupied with
.practical propositions to
unanimous belief that the alteration proposed by the hon. ; effect the objects in view. Instead of squabbling
baronet would be generally useful to them or advantegeous ! over the dead hotly of protection, the representittice9
to their trade. (Hear, hear.) He denied that they •of the people, both urban and rural, would be found
were at all satisfied that such a proposal could
be assented to without subjecting their trade to' acting
together.
The oldoligarchy—theircommon
new restrictions of the most mischievous description. enemy—might continue for a time to struggle; but
(Hear, hear.) Whets the case had been first submitted to I once united by the lavinn• aside of class differences,
the government the Chancellor of the Exchequer went into 1 and the power of the Milan-numbering masses would
it with the utmost desire to arrive at a conclusion enabling I soon prove irresistible.
him to grant a greater amount of freedom to the sugar- I
I Another session has been allowed to mss without
refiners. lie
(Sir C. Wood) saw repeated deputations on I
hi
the subject ; and eventually he employed some of the most :an yt thin effectual be done towards placing county ing
experienced officers of Excise to examine into the process of rates and expenditure under representative control.
sugar-refining, and to report upon the effect which the sug- Every city ana town in the realm has the exclusive
gested change in system would have upon that pro- !lower to levy and expend its own niunicipul iuconic.
eras as respected the interests of the revalue. And Ixt
when that report was submitted to the sugar-re- -J
Vhy should not every county h • the • • ? Yet
me SUM .
finers they did not gainsay the assertion of the I where lies the blame? Hitherto with the counties
Excise officers that certain severe restrictions would be I themselves, whose claim for local self-rule has been
necessary if the revenue was to be protected; and they re- absolutely thwarted and resisted by county represen-
plied that they would not thank the government for a boon tatives, while its advocacy has been chiefly left to the
which would be so accompanied. The hon. baronet had J enliehtened representatives for the great towns. Hero
admitted that if his proposal were adopted and the refining j . o .
in bond for the home market were to he permitted, the .is a simple and practical object, which might be t' a
system would have to he made general and compulsory. 1 great extent secured within a short apace of time, if
Sir J. PAKINGTON had not said this. All he had said every candidate for a county at the next general elec-
was that if making the system compulsory or to meet the lion was compelled to answer on the hustings this
objection of the government as to revenue, he would have
no objection to it. question—will you vote for a bill vesting the power
Mr. LABOUCHERE.—Yes : but thoueh the hon. of county taxation and expenditure in a permanent
gentleman assented, it was a fact, that the trade generally board elected by the ratepayers ?
greatly objected to,
rendering such a system compulaory. Nor is this a solitary example. Equitable corn-
(Hear, hear.) The excise officers had said two things: first, pensation for tenant-made improvements is a matter
that, if such a system were to be allowed at all, it must be of common right and justice, against which nobody
compulsory and universal, all refining houses to be on an
equal footing ; and, in the next place, that restrictions, for but a landlor can be found to contend. Were the
the sake of revenue, would have to be introduced, which support of a reasonable measure of this kind made a
would he so burdensome and harassing as to interfere with test at the county hustings next time, instead of sup-
the actual working of the concerns. The reasons upon port of delusive motions by Mr. Insa.mr, or of
which the latter opinion was haled were of • very ma.,
technical character, not easily explicable to the gmary and impossible projects of protection, the
house ; but, briefly, the cause necessitating restric- security so much desired by many, and so salutary for
tions would be this. Sugar refining was not a single, all, would become a certainty before long. Finally, it
simple operation. You could not take a lot of sugar, refine needs only that the industry of country and town
it, and have done with it. Were this so, the cheek would should come to an understanding as to what taxes
be easy ; for by the sugar gone in a calculation might be
thev . choose to have modified or removed, and their
made as to the sugar which ought to come out. But this e
was not the case. After one batch of sugar had been re- combined will would prove itself supreme. It has
fined, a sort of syrup remained, which went to the next heretofore been the aim and interest of the tax-eating
batch, and in this way it might be said that sugar refining few to divide the nation by means of a fietitielti
was a perpetual operation, the residue of one working cause of antagonism. It ought to be the work of all
being used in the next working—thus leading to a system,
on the part of the Excise which, if extended, would be true friends
of popular and. national prognss to re-
ef practical inconvenience to the trade. (Hear, hear.) unite and blend those who arc naturally each other's
The question of the hon. baronet was, why, if they prop and slay
allowed sugar to be refined in hood for exportation, not
allow the same to be done with sugar for home consump-
tion ? It had to be considered, however, that the trade of
sugar refining in bond for exportation was in the hands of
very few houses. (Hear, hear.) The operations of these
arras were conducted on a great scale. Their buildings
bed been constructed specially for these extensive operations,
and all their arrangements were of a kind admitting of
Vdsecurity to the revenue. But if the proposal of the
baronet were weeded to, and other parties were to
be permitted to nine in bond for the home market, those
parties would, is may instances, have to alter the situation
of their preening, Sid to build new premises ; and after
l all ens bad bola name there would be still the risk of such
Amos WINS Site compel the government to put a stop to
Ms wllisto system (Hear, hear.) These were the coasi-

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LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 2.

WE venture to bespeak our readers' attention to
the following facts relative to the present incumbcut
of the bishoprick of Durham, and to his episcopal
income.
The predecessor of Dr. MALTBT in that see ‘‘,l4•
it will be recollected, Dr. VAN lkitutenr, a %cry
learned theologian, an amiable and inolfeusi‘e gt.u•
tleman, and a liberal and generous prelate ; the must
remarkable incident of whose incumbency was the
foundation of the Durham University—an institution
which, in spite of some important defects, and a
u.
uupopulat wardcus has had large success, parue