The Express.
London, England, 1848-03-13 00:00:00

UNITED STATES- MEXICO.

An outline of the following news by the Hibernia,
appeared in Saturday's Express. A treaty of peace
has been concluded between the Mexican commis-
sioners and General Scott, in conjunction with Mr.
Trist. The Washington correspondent of the New
York Herald gives a complete sketch of it, which we
here append:
The math features of the treaty, now submitted to the Senate, ha,
leolltee yeith the terms of that ultimatum which Mr. TOM was from
I the first authorised to offer, but has engrafted upon it other stipule-
dons, some of which are merely executory of the main provisioas,
ahem frivolous, and others, again, ateolutely objectionable. Owing
to the excessive superfluity of detail,, the treaty itself, exclusive of
the accompanying correspondence, is more voluminous than that of
Vienna, which partitioned the whole of Europe, and bran, soothe-
takeably, in its unmesaurable amplification. the imprem of Mr.
That's own hand. Among the mint Miketionable features is the
stipulation that this government shall recognise the validity of
Mutts made by the Mexican goventruent in nee. prior to 1836.
Ity article first, tenon Cutout, Costa, and Atristan, are appointed
commissioners on the part of the Mexican government to adjust the
terms of a lasting treaty of peace between the United States of the
north and the United Mexitan States, with Mr. Tied, commissioner
of the United titatm, tee. Article emend stipulate. that there shall be
an immediate suspension of hostilities between the armies of the two
republics. Article third define* the future boundary of the United
States. The line commences in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues
' from land, theses runs up toe middle of the Rio Grande to its inter-
section with the southern boundary of icw Mexico; thence
along that southern boundary to the 'meters boundary
of name ; thence north to the first branch of the Gila,
which it Intersects; thence down the middle of that
branch and of the river to the Colorado; thence it rUtIS screen west-
wardly, and strikes the Pacific at a point one league south of San
Virgo. Article fourth stipulates that it Audi be optional with citi-
zens of Mexico now residing in the territory to be ceded, either to
leave, taking with them or otherwise disposing of their property; or
else, upon taking the oaths of allegiance to this government, to be
protected in the enjoyment of all the tights and immunities of citi-
zens of the United Suites. Catholics remilieg in the territory to be
ceded are, by the next article, protected in the exerciee of their re-
ligion. Grants of land in the tarriairy to be ce:ed, made by the
Mexican government before the war, are, by the next article, to be
respected by the United States. The next article provides that grants
of land in Tema, made by the Mexican government prior
to the year 1336, are also to be respected by the United
States. The next article provides that the United States
government shaft take prompt and effectual measures for the defence
of the border ftom Indian incursions. To this end both nations are
to use their bent endeavours. In consideration of the extension of the
boundary of the United State., made by this treaty, the United States
goeenimont stipulates to poy to Mexico the roam of fifteen millions of
dollars. In this aunt is included the three millions appropriated last
osesion for the furtherance of peace, and now subject to Mr. Tri-t's
order. This cum ia to be paid to the Mexican government inime- •
diately on the ratification of the treaty. The remainingtwelveimilbone
are to be paid either ,by instalment% or in ate per cent etock, redeem-
able by the United State. This government has the option of either
mode of payment by the hest article the United States government
undertakes all claims of American citizens against Mexito; both
those already decided, amounting to two melions—ond there
still undecided, amounting to about three millions of dollars.
Meaican archives bound by m after the taknig possession of the ceded
territory WC to be delivered up. The treaty of commerce of 1831,
between the two republics, is to be revived for the period of eight
yeah., and may afterwards be renewed at the option of both govern-
ments the custom-houses are to be restored to the Mexican autho-
rities as soon se the treaty shall have been ratified. Means are to be
adopted for nettling the amounts. The troopsof the United State, are
to {cave Mexico in three months alter the ratification of the treaty,
tullese the sickly sermon should come on, in which meat they ore to
retire to some healthy situation, and are to be furnished with impede@
by the Mexican government en amicable terms. Supplies which may
arrive between the ratification of the treaty and the embarkatMo of
the troop+ are not to be subject to duty. The treaty is to be ratified
by the president and senate, and to be exchanged within four months
alter Ito tatifieation.
1 have omitted several unimportant articles, which
are merely explanatory of the mode in which the pro-
visions are to be carried into effect, and which are
never inserted in the body of a treaty. You will per-
ceive that there is no provision for retaining in Mexico
a force of 12,000 men, as has been reported. Since
the character of the treaty has become known to the
senate the hostility to its ratification has signally in-
creased, and although there is every reason to believe
that it will be ratified, yet it will meet, on several of
its provisions, a determined opposition. There is in-
formation here of the moat reliable character that
Santa Anna has expressed a cordial approval of the
treaty, and a willingness to support it, if ratified.
This treaty (adds the New York Herald commentary
upon it) is not approved of by the friends of Mr. Polk
nor in the senate. It is said that Mr. Trist has
drawn for three millions of dollars, the first in-
stalment of the sum to be paid to Mexico
for the cession of California and New Mexico.
That the treaty meets with the approbation of the
Mexican states, as the best to be had by them under
the circumstances, is evident from the fact that the
Governor of San Luis Potosi having (as was stated at
the time) made a pronunciamento against peace, and
in favour of a coalition in Largos, to carry on the war
with vigour, the proposal has been met by decided
opposition of the majority in moat of the states, Qua-
janato, Zacatecas, and Durango having alone joined
in the pronunciamento."
There is no news of much interest from Mexico.
The New One ins Picayune of the 16th ult. states
that a mercantile house of high credit in New
Orleans had received a letter from its correspondent
in Mexico, stating that an agent of the Rothschilds
had loaned to the government at Queretaro 2,000,000
dola., to sustain itself till the ratification or rejection
of the Triet treaty by the United States could be
ascertained.
From Central America rather interesting news had
beta received. The petty quarrels of the King of
Mosquito with the Nicaraguans had been taken up by
the British naval commander on that station, which
has led to a great deal of unpleasantness. Her
Majesty's steamer Vixen, Commander Ryder, left
Jamaica about the middle of December, with his
Moequitan Majesty on board, reached Illuefields on
the 29th, and on the 31st left for St. Juan de Nicer-
ague, with fifty.six of the Bluetields militia, accom-
panied by the cutter Sun, having the King of Mos
quip) and the Consul-General Walker on board. On
the following morning the whole party landed'
(the cutter, as we are informed, having the English
royal standard flj lug), and the consul-general having I
briefly addressed the deputy-governor of the fort, the l,
Nicaraguan flag was hauled down, and that of his
Mosquitan Majesty hoisted instead, which was im-
mediately saluted with twenty-one guns by the
Vixen. On the evening of the same day the parties
returned on board, and the Vixen again sailed for
Bluefields, leaving a Mosquitan governor, a
town major, and three or four other "Mos-
quitans in possession of the fort, and the
cutter San in charge outside. After the lapse of a
few days the Vixen, on her return to Jamaica, again
touched' at St. Juan, when it was found that there was
no flag flying, and that the staff and fort were demo-
lished! '1 he Vixen learned, however, from an Ame-
rican and Sardinian brig, that the Nicaraguan
general, Munoz, had the evening before marched into
the town with 160 men, hauled down the Mosquitan
flag, turned it upside down, and fired at it with
musketry; and that Capt. Little, of the cutter, and
the Mosquitan Governor Hudson had been taken
prisoners, and confined in a fort 30 miles up the
river. Capt. Ryder, of the Vixen, landed and found
the place desolate ; two of the six old guns belonging
to the fort having been carried away by the Nicara-
gnans, while the other four were found at some
distance, evidently ready also for transportation.
These Lieut. Scott pruden'Jy caused to be spiked, and
sunk in the middle of the river. The Vixen, upon
this, once more returned to Blaefields, for the purpose
of conveying the intelligence to the Consul Geaeral ;
and as there are no troops at Blaefields, except the
few militia, who could not be spared, the Vixen re-
turned to Jamaica for the purpose of procuring a suf-
ficient number of her. Majesty's regulars to aid his
Mosquitian 'Majesty in recovering and holding pos-
session of his territory. We now learn that the
Alarm, 26, Captain Loa, and the Vixen, steam sloop,