The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-31 00:00:00

MOH WATER AT LO:9OM-BRIDOE.

Ten Datilnrianai.iionn.paat 1 ; Afternoon. 15 mia past 2.
Sco-31onacm —Morning, 30 min. past 2 ; Afternoon. 47 min. past 2

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31.
WE do think that the ideal, formed by our contem-
poraries, of the scope and magnitude of national edu-
cation, not only such as it is, but such as it is even
desirable in England, is very much exaggerated.
To hear the great prospects held forth, and the great
censures dealt upon the furtherers or opposers of the
education scheme, one would think that we were going
to found a great national college, in which the rising
generation were to be taugh., not merely their letters,
but their morals, and philosophy ; and, in short, a
complete cycle of knowledge. Both Times and
Chronicle scout National, and British and Foreign
schools, as inadequate, as beggarly, as bestowing the
mere name and shadow of education. Both seem
to think that nothing is to be done, or is worth doing,
that would not bestow a good moral and intellectual
education—training as wall as knowledge—on the
children who frequent these schools.
This impatience, these exigencies, on the part of our
contemporaries, are no doubt very generous and
philanthropic. But they are unreasonable: nay more;
they are greatly calculated to defeat the much
humbler object which educationists at present have,
or ought to have, in view. We protest, for our part,
that all we contemplate in the schools, which the go-
vernment scheme is intended to aid, and which it
promises to supply with masters somewhat compe-
tent, is, the communication of the elements of know-
ledge. Reading, writing, summing, with kindred
and simple elements, constitute all that we should
propose, being, in fact, primary education, and no
more. Primary education is but the key to know-
ledge, and that key we would distribute to every one
of our population.
But the making use of this primary education—
the unlocking of the store which it opens—that is
another and much more vast, and much more
important undertaking, from which we do think
that government should shrink for the present.
Primary education may, in our opinion, he commu-
akated without the least tincture of sectarian creed,
(*more than the general colour of religious view.
Once you pass the object of primary education,
and proceed to the mental and the moral educa-
tion, then you enter upon new ground and into a new
world, into which no parent will introduce his child
without well considering who is to be his guide,
what are the ideas he is likely to conceive, end the
principles he is likely to assume.
The success of any general scheme of education in
this country must depend upon strictly distinguishing
the primary from the secondary—the school in which
the elements are taught, from the school in which
the elements are made use of and turard to account.
Our two contemporaries, therefore, vihen indulging
in wholesale mockery of those institutions in which
the elements of education c—oiamr.nicated, and suc-
cessfully communicated, to thousands, and in seeking
either to modify those institutions, or to substitute
others for them, which are to give a more complete
and secondary education—by such efforts as three our

n
!content on:ries are merely labouring to destroy
Ichance of eis*,cr primary or secondaiy education h
the country. Iltiey are doing far worse than Mr
B LINES. In pursn:t „f a shadow, they are losing the
reality. They are (ma? ging to the peat question the
prejudices of the man or letters, just as the religioojete
bring to it the prejudices of their cloth, and exclaim:
" That education is worth no thing that does not cop
municate certain refined and cc. rnplete views' which
no system will ever give to the humbler classes of
society.
No system of education will forte knowledge,
judgment, or morals into the minds of the dull mei.
pient. No system of education can effect more fluke
I the opening and the offering the treasures of know.
ledge to those who will press forward to take thou,
And this, in our opinion, is precisely what education is
for—at least national education—offering fair chances
of instruction and elevation to such spirits as can
profit by it. Such inspectors, therefore, as Mr. IRE.
MENIIEERE, who deem to expect from primary ede.
cation a universal development of intelligence, a great
and genet al roF^iency, would lead, just as the tuna
brat ions ot our contemporaries do, to disheartening every
one practically engaged in popular education to the
abandonment oftts humble and useful efforts, and to
a striving after a perfection and enlightenment not
realisable with the mass.

It is this visionary. scheme of blending primary, and
secondary education in one, and exaggerating the day.
school, in which the children of the poor may,
for the few spare years of their incipient boyhood,
receive the elements of knowledge, which has done
eo much harm. It is by representing this as a
college, that is, to form the mind and cultivate the
heart, which has alarmed the religious fears and the
social jealousies of that immense body of the middle
classes, which has been in a great measure repudiated
by the Church, and which in turn cannot consent to
augment its influence, especially over the young,
Did we think that the Dissenters had the least
grounds for their fears, we should be the last persons
to thrust upon the middle classes of this country any
institutions, which were to work against the views
and interests which they have deliberately chosen
and espoused.
But we cannot ace in the government scheme of
education any such possibility or prospects. We see
in that scheme the only possibility of offering the ele.
meats of education to the children of our rustic classes.
To emancipate the intellect of those classes, to give
them clearness of purpose, a knowledge of their true
interests, and some sense of dignity and self-re-
spect, is an immense object. We labour to do some-
thing physically for those classes, in providing them
with labour and means of subsistence. But we make
no progress in ensuring their independence—quite the
contrary. The tendency of the age in England is to
degrade the peasant as an intelligent being, and at a
time when every country on the continent spends its
pains and its thousands in giving education, and
independence too, to that class. Let another hundred
years pass over, as they are passing, and the English
peasant will be to the continental one as the abo-
rigines of Australia to the Hindoos.

As to towns, as to the civic population of England,
and the middle class of which it is composed, it s
not such a scheme of education as that of the govern-
ment that would enable the Church of England to
resume its lost hold over them. The more education—
the more rival systems of education—the less chances
are there of any such tendency or consummation. Sot
only are the Dissenters, in this respect, fighting sha-
dows, but they are fighting against their own inte-
rests and prospects. We cannot pretend to stop them;
but we can only say, that if the present clamour succeed
in stifling the present humble efforts after national
education, and in punishing its abettors, then it is the
last time that education will ever be mentioned,
much less touched or cared for by a British legislator.
England shall be condemned to remain a brute and a
dark world, whilst every other portion of Europe
gains daily over us in instruction and intelligence,
and true toleration.

No memoir or legend of the middle ages has re-
vealed a more cruel or infamous story of coercing and
persecuting a lady of youth, high birth, and fortune,
than circumstances are now disclosing with respect to
the young Queen of Spain. A stronger proof cannot
be adduced of the constraint put upon her, and of her
anxious feeling to be rid of it, than the fact, that
the instant CHRISTINA and BRESSON left Madrid—the
instant the rule of violence was withdrawn—the
first impulse of ISABELt.A Was to seek out and
choose, as her political friend and champion,
the very man who was most opposed to the doings of
the Queen-Mother and the French envoy—the very
man who strenuously, though almost alone, denounced
the double marriages, and whom Mr. BULWER ad-
dressed in his celebrated letter, contradicting the mean
falsehoods of InTRITZ and his associates.
Queen ISABELLA had recourse to the counsel of a
chivalrous and honest soldier, General SERRANO.
And this is considered an act so criminal, or
at least so menacing, by those who perverted the
Queen's youth to falsehood, and gold her prospects of
happiness to the interests of her sister and of the
French King, that nothing less can restore their confi-
dence, or satisfy their vengeance, than dethroning
the young Queen, and transferring her power—to
whom ? To the idiot whom they forced upon her
for a husband, and who, of course, was chosen as the
most convenient tool.

Never, certainly, might a woman and a princess
appeal with more right to the o mpathies of the
generous, or even to the arm of the brave. Never
has violence more flagrant, treachery more base, been
exerted, to ruin first the happiness, and then filch the
fortune,of a young female, than has been done by her
self-constituted guardians, French and Spanish, by
Bassos and IsTußtrz, by her own horrid mother,
and her mean paramour. At this moment the young
Queen has but her own will and her sense of wrong
to support her. SERRANO, whose counsel she sought,
is obliged to conceal himself to avoid the Moderado
police. In her distress, the Queen has sent fur Mr.
BULWER, and no doubt received honest counsel; but
even this has filled the tyrants of the poor Queen with
lat 7; and she was, by the last accounts, menaced with
a military emexte, to punish her for having spoken to
the British envoy.
We are sorry to see England and France pitted
against each other in a quarrel, which should not
divide the honourably-minded. Whilst IsAaettA
has been consulting Mr. BULWER, CHRISTINA has
been beseeching Louis PHttirrY. to support the
3lolerados, as the sole protectors of the MONTTENSIES
succession. And, as a weekly contemporary states, the
King of the FRENCH is besought to send the .7tIoNT-
PENSIERS back to head their party, and the Duchess
to give birth at Madrid to the future heir to the
throne. Any ministerial change at Madrid west
completely mar this( scheme, and, mbar.
for ever prevent the return to Spain of CHRISTINA.
But with a packed Cortes, the Queen has not the
power to change her ministry without dissolvini;
Cortes, nor can she dissolve that Cortes without
sure of the support of the army. And we need
say that this body has been officered and organised by
the French party for their own purposes.
Thus, also, although CHRISTINA and BRESSON may
be away, the young Queen is still held in bonds.
which it would take more time and cunning, than she
has, to break. And it is very possible, that, feeling
her powerlessness to break through her fetters. she
may (mecum:), and resign the future mastery over her
actions to those who have already sold her hippos
and throne.
England is far from being disinterested or annen.
earned in Spanish affairs. But, independent of this
interest, and of the policy which might spring Issm
it, the state of affairs in Portugal is such as le
implicate strongly both Spain and EON,'"
It now appears that the Queen's chief fah'
neral despairs of reducing Oporto ; and is
insurrection was so irresistible north of the
Duero, that another of the Queen's generals
had been forced to fly into Spain, or maul
through a portion of the Spanish territory. The
French party in Madrid, and the Moderados depok•
dent upon it, feel, that if the Liberals succeed in Yr
tugal, the kindred party in Spain must also prevail.
They clamour ,therefore, for intervention in Portugal t
and the first thought of a NARVAEZ or a Pat n't
ministry, would be to issue orders for such inter.
vention.
This we are bound not to permit. We have sir
fled willingness to prevent the re-conquest of the or:
tugueee throne by Don MIGUEL. But in the qualm
of domestic parties, we not only refuse to interferer
but interdict Spain from doing so. The Dube!!
SoromArott has accepted these conditions, and we w'
not think he would break them. But for that very
reason, the more zealous Moderadoc would get Tid
of the Duke, and would fill his place with &more

I

military and deter-nine(' set. For this they count on
the support of France, and it is one of the things that
oitar,visa bus none to negotiate at Paris, and that
tgedeabt Seuhor l,restrz is prepared to excuse here.
'We have, however, as little doubt that the attitude
slid known character of Lord PALMERSTON are such,
al neitfer Louts PHILIPPE nor his Spanish secre-
tary dare trifle with.
:_rsnough has been said to show how much interest
is involved in the events and changes, whether of
iv or intrigue, which may take place either in Por-
ter] or Spain. The position of both queens is
*tics': and we must own that, whilst that of
Dan na Musts, caused as it has been by her own
fells, tyranny, and cruelty, excites few of oar sym-
p4thieit. that of the still innocent IS tDELL does pro-
voke anxiety, commiseration, and respect.

The prohibitive system, which has so long weighed
Ilion the commerce and industry of France, is yield-
gig with difficulty under the menaced recurrence
or visitations like that of the present season.
The Journal 4.1 DAttlo, on Monday, gave a leading
snide which may be regarded as the forerunner of a ,
Pleasure the object of which will be the continuance
dthe present unrestricted importation of provisions
erevery description for another year, and, if for an-
other year, all recurrence to a system of prohibition
#1 be impracticable. The course of events is thus
silently and irres;stibly pushing monopoly from its
orat in France. The .11,1 mtg, showing that the pre-
ma average price of wheat is 140 per cent. more
than its usual amount, threatens the recurrence of a
tilgh price in the two succeeding seasons, unless com-
same receives such timely notice and guarantee of
Rae action as may warrant the remission of early
irders to the basin of the Black Sea, the ports of the
gaited States, and the Baltic. There must be no
d'oubt or hesitation about the mutter. A heavy re-
sponsibility will rest upon the government, for it is
*possible that the drain en public and private cha-
tty, by which the sufferings of the people have been
for the present assuaged, and public tranquillity
ihaintained, can be continued without an utter ex-
haustion of these sources.
"the principle of free trade thus forced upon
trance in alimentary matters, is only the point of the
wedge introduced which, in due time, must be driven
home to the establishment of a commercial system
more in harmony with the spirit of the age than the

present.
L'Union Manarehipte affirms that a telegraphic
despatch was received from Madrid by the French
imerament on Saturday, bringing the serious intelli-
gence that the Cabinet had determined to discontinue
stabmitting the public business to the Queen, who
had shown a decided divosition to throw herself into
the arms of the Progressist party. The visits of M.
Balwer to the palace had given rise to surmises that
the determination of the Queen was influenced by his
ebansels.
The Queen Dowager of Spain had a reception at
her hotel in the Rue de Courcelles on Friday. The
rely member of the diplomatic corps who attended
was the Duke De Sierra Capriola, the Neapolitan
ambassador, who had been acquainted with Queen
Chrkina at Naples when she was a child. The
aide-de-camps of Louis Philippe, and the ladies-in-
waiting on the Queen, attended, as did alto Madame
la Duchesee Decazes, the mother of the present
minister of France at Madrid.
:Li Pattie states that apartments are in prepara-
Bea in the palace at Madrid for the Duke of Mont-
*mien The same journal states, on the authority of
a letter from Rome, that the King Consort has applied
to the Pope for a divorce.

The Madrid mails of the 24th inst. have been re-

calved.
No appointment bad yet been made to the Captain-
generalship of Madrid.
El Espanol says, on the authority of a letter from
Pampeluna, that the preparations of the Carlists were
assuming a serious and alarming aspect. The want
of money which hitherto had paralysed them
exists no longer. A well known merchant of Bayonne
has supplied them with funds, and consequently the
enlistment of soldiers and purchase of arms and sup-
plies were to recommence immediately. The Carliat
chiefs, who had emigrated, had received orders to be
ready to return to their country at the first signal.
Tile districts where they looked for moot success are
Batelle, Pampeluna, and the mountains on the fron-
tier' of France.
E 1 rieMpO says that disturbances broke out at
Vigo on the 17th, in consequence of the expor-1
lotion of corn to England. On the 18th an English
frigate had entered the port to complain of this in-
terruption to English commerce. Two other Eng-
lish ships of war are expected, and serious consequences
were feared.
The ministerial crisis at Madrid still continued,
and the organ of the government, El Hiraldo,
acknowledged the necessity of some modification.
" Would it not be possible," says that journal, "to
combine in the same cabinet the names of Narvaez,
Mon, Bravo, Murillo, Olivan, and others chosen
either amozg the present ministry, or on the benches
of the two chambers. With some self-denial and
patriotism on the part of the statesmen, this combina-
tion does not seem impracticable. A cabinet thus'
oomposed, possessing the confidence of the crown,'
neither intolerant nor exclusive, which would assign
to men like MM. Benavides, Donoso, Pacheco, Brer-
tram, Delis, Moron, he., the position which they
ought to occupy, either in foreign legations, or in
the administration ; which would propose, as the
tees of its conduct, to strengthen the parliamentary
principle; such a cabinet would, we think, be the
sly one which could put a rein upon the attempts of
extreme parties, and consolidate the constitutional
monarchy, order, and peace."
El Herald" denies the truth of the various reports
in circulation respecting the return of the Queen
Dowager, the Duchess of Montpensier, &c.
The report of the junta upon railways has been
addressed to the government, recommending that the
companies undertaking the principal lines should
be guaranted .1 per cent. on the subscribed capital,
of which four should be applicable to the payment of
interest, and one to a sinking fund, and that the pro-
fits of the companies should be subject to a limit of
8 per cent., but that all profits from 8 to 12 per cent.,
should be divided equally between the government
and the company, and that if the profits should ex-
ceed 12 per cent., the tariff should be reduced.

COLOGNE, MARCH 26.
You remember the disturbance that occurred in
August last at Cologne? The garrison having, by the
• conduct of some of the officers, and more especially
of the cavalry, rather excited the populace to excess,
than contributed to restore tranquillity, the burghers
took the matter into their own hands. They pre-
vaihd on the officer in command to withdraw the
troops, and assembling in force, soon put an end to
the riot. The dismay which the matter occasioned at
Berlin was not trifling. The second city of the king-
dom had not only shown that it could manage its
own affairs without a garrison, but that the burghers
were able to do what the garrison could not, or would
not. The minister determined on visiting this new
mime of Pte-militnir. with condign punishment; but
could only obtain a sentence of eight days' arrest
spinet the burgomaster who assumed the command
without authorisation.
Fortunately for the citizens, the faults committed
by the garrison were clear enough, and easily proved
Judicially. Officers had displayed their valour by
charging down almost empty streets, and wounding
quiet passengers at a distance from the real fray. One
of these cases was taken up to obtain & judicial record
on the other side of the question, and the colonel of
I regiment of light horse was prosecuted for having
sabred a respectable tailor named Woodke, while
quietly walking in a street in which there was no
tumult. The first defence set up was that the civil
cocurt was not competent to entertain the charge, and
while this point was under discussion, the lawyers
found out a want of proof that the colonel had dealt
with his own hand the blows inflicted on his unarmed
victim. In Berlin, the Minister of Justice wished to
enforce the point of incompetency for the case of the
colonel, but to prosecute a complaint against a cor-
poral who had in the meantime been sub-
stituted, probably in the expectation that
the proofs against him would also be intern-
Piste: A very singular proceeding was se-
eardtagly adopted. The King issued an order under
the sign manual to the court, to the effect that he was
Nitisfied that the colonel was at the moment not on
lie spot, and therefore the proceedings
instituted
*guest him were to be suspended. Yesterday the
Advocate-I.:knees', on the strength of this order,
&wed that the court should declare itself incompe-
tot to maintain the charge against the Colonel,

but should instead peowute the inquiry against Ws
sergeant. You see, the &hi of the Prussian courts is
not very good, since a pleader, even in the pay of the
er,...vn, could venture to make a proposal of the kind
to the bench. The judges saw at once the dilemma
into which they were likely to be brought, and with-
drew before any reply was made. After an hour's
deliberation the court decided that the question of
competency was to be reserved ; but that no inter-
ruption of the proceedings instituted would be I
allowed. All parties were, therefore, desired to pro-
ceed with their causes under this reserve. The in-
terest which this cause has hitherto excited in Co-
logne can easily be imagined. By the ill-judged step
of making the King interfere by a special command,
while judicial proceedings were pending, the ease has
now obtained more general importance. It has be-
come a conflict between the crown, and the courts of
justice, on the subject of military irresponsibility,
from which the minister has withdrawn under cover
of a royal ordinance. It is, perhaps, not saying too
much to assert that the decision ultimately taken in
this case will more influence the King's popularity than
even the assembling of the general diet. Purity of
justice is, nut without reason, esteemed by the
Germane above financial control. Indeed, without
the former, how is the latter to be maintained ?
Many very recent occurrences may influence the con-
duct of the Berlin ministry with regard to this ease.
In Bavaria, and Saxony, the popular cause is now
decidedly victorious. If Prussia is to keep the lead
she has taken, her policy must be bold, open, and an-
heaitatinf.
There is the less choice for the King on these points
of internal organisation, that a conflict between the
army and the burghers is only a conflict between two
portions of the army itself. It is generally known
that the Prussian army consists of recruits under
arms, and of trained soldiers who, having served
three rars (one, if they equip themselves), retire
under an obligation to join the army when sum-
moned. This class, composed of citizens, men in
office, and peasants, between 22 and 30 years of age,
is the staff of the military power of Prussia. This is
the first class of the Landwehr, that lends its im-
posing character t 3 a Prussian review, where the
recruits of a year's standing cut but an indifferent
figure. Now, to set these recruits, even headed by
officers whose recollections are those of the war,
against the grown men and trained militia, is to ex-
pose the army to ridicule, and to endanger the power
that makes so great a mistake.

MUNICH, M -ARCH 20.
Many of the accounts from this place are erro-
neous in the details they give. The estate to be
given to Lola Monies was not at Starnberg, on the
lake of that name. It is a castle and entail estate of
Sternfeld, in Franconia, belonging to the family of
G—, which was offered far sale. The lady wanted
to purchase it, but as no one can hold land who is not
naturalised, she applied for letters of naturalisation,
which she would have had to do had she been neither
a dancer nor a politician. The cue, in the regular
coarse of things, would then have come before the
I council of state. The ministers had, therefore, no
pretence for putting the lady forward in the manner
they have done; but the Bavarians are gainers by
their doing so, for probably nothing less would have
opened the King's eyes to the command of means on
which the party now overthrown relies, and which it
here wished to use to intimidate him.

The Austrian ambassador has left Munich, bat
ostensibly on account of the Greek quarrel. The
Pope's nuncio refused to accompany him. The Kiug
has become immensely popular.

FRANCE.—Ma. O'CoNwELL AT PARIS.— Mr. 1
O'Connell is improving in health and spirits. Dr. 011iffe,
who has been in close attendance on him since his arrival in
Peri., on Saturday called in Dr. Chomel, one of the king's
physicians, in consultation. and both the'c gentlemen have
declared that there is no organic derangement whatever in
the case, and are sanguine as to his ultimate recovery. On
Sundaytilamtation, headed by Count de Montslembert,
and com of several peers of France, deputies and mem-
bers of e Institute, waited on Mr. O'Connell to testify to
him the deep sense they entertained of the eminent services
he had conferred on religious liberty, not only in Ireland,
but throughout the wort I. The noble count addressed Mr.
O'Conn::U in most emphatic languaoe to that effect, and was
replied to by that gentleman briefly in French, expressive of
the gratification he ear...rimmed at so flattering a manifesta-
tion. Mr. O'Connell does not intend making any stay in
Paris, as he proceeds almost immediately on his way to the
south of France, and thence to Italy.
THE TUNISIAN AM BISRADOR.—The Chevalier Raffo
envoy extraordinary of the Bey of Tanis to the king of thC
French, has landed at Marseilles, and proceeded direct to
Toulon, to present his respects to Prince de Joinville.
ITALY.—Extract of a letter from Naples : " The
narrow strait which separates the island of Capri from the
mainland is well known to mariners, by reason of its ex-
treme danger. There is continually a strong current run-
, nine, and with any wind a heavy sea gets up directly, so
that scarcely a winter passes without the occurrence of many
rlisa•ters in that narrow channel. Of great advantage, then.
to commerce it will be that from the lath April neat a light,
constant and unchangeable, will be placed on the peint of
the Campanella, a projection of land about a mile distant
from Maass, and directly opposite Capri. This light will be
elevated about 90 palms above the sea, and will be visible at
the distance of ten miles. It Is in contemplation, also, to
place another light on the highest pnint of the island of Capri,
and in the ensuing summer it is said that the works will be
begun.
SPAIN.—BAYONNE, MARCH 21.—General Flores,
ex-president of the Republic of the Bquador, left Bayonne
on the 24th inst., for Paris, alter a stay of two months at
the former ci
GERMANY.—VIENNA, MARCH 20. Lieutenant
Waghona is at present in this city. His plan for directing
the Indian mail from Trieste through Vienna, Berlin, and
Hamburg, has been approved of by the Austrian govern.
' meat, as being the shortest and safest.— Fraistfort Jburnal.
THE INDIAN OVERLAND ROUTE. —We quote the
Augsburg Gazette as authority for the following paragraph:
The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Com-
pany have just concluded au agreement with the Sardinian
government for experimental trials for the conveyance of the
Overland India mails by Genoa. In favour of these trials
the Sardinian government has conceded certain privileges to
the Peninsular and Oriental Company, as regards anchorage
and port duties, and the eatablishmentof a coal depot on the
Mole Vecchio. In return, the company has engaged to
carry the despatches of the Sardinian government free of
charge. The projected trials by Genoa ire to commence in
April. The Austrian Lloyds have decided,:on sending, at
their own cost, an Indian mail, twice a month, through the
Tyrol, the west of Germany and Belgium.
GREECE.—Letters from Athens announce the
arrival at that capital of the Crown Prince of Bavaria, on
the evening of the 13th. The report that the King of
Greece was seriously ill seems to be unfounded. Owing to
the concentration of Turkish troops on the Greek frontier,
all the men on furlough in the Greek service have received
orders to join their respective regiments.
BUENOS AYRES.—By the Pauline, from Rio
Janeiro, arrived at Havre, we learn that the Mutine bad
reached Buenos Ayres bearing orders from the French and
English governments to Mears. Gore Ouseley and Baron
Deffaudie to sign the treaty agreed on between the Argen-
tine Confederation, Oribe and the envoy, Mr. Hood.
SENEGAL.—ST. Longs.—The captain of the
French brig, Irma et Thomas, arrived on the 25th of Feb.
at Charleston, states that on the day previous to his depar-
ture from St. Louie, the French steamer Charade was lost
opposite that port, and thirty men, forming part of the
crew, perished.
The new governor, M. de Grammont, captain in the
navy, opened the session of the colonial legislature on the
I sth of February. In his speech he dwc:t with emphasis on
the question of what are called " les engage's a tempi" (ran-
somed slaves labouring under contract for their emancipa-
tion). He announced his determination to enforce strictly
and rigorously the decree of the 18th January, 1844 " The
purchases of captive blacks, notwithstanding the conditional
emancipation which ensues, have a double analogy with
slave-trade tranuicticoui : in the first place, they excite the
natives in the vicinity of the river to use immoral or cri-
minal means to procure captives for sale ; in the second
place, the individuals ransomed are reduced to a state of
slavery not the less degrading fer being temporary, since, ,
while it lasts, they are regarded and treated like °Roadies., !
as moveable property (chattels). This is the language of
the department of marine, and it is in complete
harmony with the principles which guide the pokey of Premix
in reference to the slave-trade. The reply of the President
of the Council wa: moderate and guarded, but expressed
regret that his Majesty's government was resolved to put an
end to the system of " engages u tevaps." We repel the
comparison ' instituted between it and slavery. It presents
an aspect entirely different. Aecording to our notions, St.
Louis will become a real centre of emancipation, among the
uncivilised tribes surrounding us, by initiating in our man-
ners, customs, and civilisation, unhappy negroes who have
liberty in rnipective after a brief servitude. And we he.
lieve we will have achieved a triumph for humanity, if we
can obtain for this system your approhaion, and that of the
mini ter of marine."

COLONIAL.
NEW SOUTH WALES.
We are in receipt of papers from this colony to the
9th of December. They contain the results of the census
for 11446. taken en the 3d of March. The total population of
New South Wales on that day was (exclusive of Port Essing-
ton), males, 114,769; females, 74,840 ; total, 189,609. The
pot ulation (of both sexes), within the limits of location,
ansounted to, in the middle diatriet, 138,8&3; in Port Philip
district, 23,468; in all, 162,361. Beyond the limits of loca-
tion it was. in the middle district, 15,651 ; in Port Philip
diitrict, 9,411; in sa, 25,062. Thc crews of colonial rmlicL
'Vies wire estimated at 2,196. The gross Manse of pops-

lotion, during tho five years ending Id 1846.
was 58,753. the iner:ase of males was 2",4717 of fe-
ma!es, 31282. The cues* of males over female,
wa;, within the limits of location, 25,266 ; 111-
3ond 12,4n4. To equalise Me sexes nearly thirly-fti9la
thoutand fernales toere required. The increase of fem.'s%
daring the last five years had only been 3,811 in eseess of th.,
Increase of males.

The governor had eat out on his promised tour through the
colony. On the 14th of November he arrived at Bathurst,
where he was received with enthusiasm. Lody Mary Fitaroy
accompanied him.
The expediency of resuming the transportation of convicts
to the colony seas being keenly debated. A petition to the
legislative council pra)ing that steps might be taken to re-
duce the upset price of land in the colony was in the course
of signature at Sydney.
The following are the names of the twelve men who were
executed at Norfolk Island, on the 13th of October, for the
murder of John Morrie —William Westwood, alias lackey
Jockey, John Davis, Samuel Kenyon, Dennis Pendergast,
Owen Commuskie, Henry White, William Pearson, James
Cairns, William Pickthorne, Lawrence Kavenagh, William
Scrimshaw, and Edward M.Oinniss.
NEW ZEALAND.—In the Sydney papers it it
said that a Wellington Spectator of the 4th of November had
been received. The only extract given indicates that the
district of Wanganui was still disturbed
Oning to the unsettled state of this district, the Katherine John-
stone oned on Monday for Wanganui in ballast, although there was
• hill cargo waiting for her. This little vessel has for the last four
rre bees oonstnotly engaged la the trade between Wellington and
WanPnui, and has always, previous to this but (amnion, takes • full
cargo each trip..