The Express.
London, England, 1865-11-30 00:00:00

'BESS, THURSDAY EV6TING, NOVEMBER 30, 1865.

OUR CONTEMPORARIES.

veterinary profession and the cattle trade, when
Mr. liousun brought forwardhismeasurea options
subjects. The indolence of the public was probably
the cause of the indifference of the House. Now
there is not only a new House, but a very strong
feeling abroad about the sufficiency and the qua-
•
lity of the veterinary profession. We have seen
good deal lately of the way in which the cattle
doctors are regarded b the farmers and graziers
of the country, as ard
well as of the helplessness, the
discord, the utter break-down under trial of the
profession itself. Nobody could be surprised at
this who was aware how very small is the number
of qualified practitioners in proportion to the live
stock of the country, and how very large is the
number of cattle doctors who practise without quali-
fication. If we had had the benefit of agricultural
statistics for some years put., so that the number
of cattle, sheep, and horses in the kingdom
had been known, the veterinary profession
would undoubtedly have been leas understocked
than it is. It is • good profeasior —scientific,
honourable, useful, and sure, thett!lre, to
be profitable whenever it has fair play. But
it can have no fair play while ignorant
peasants go about calling themselves cattle-doct4:-
talking of " the worm i' the tail getting right up'
"into the head, and making the teeth loose."
Wherever we go, in the rural districts of every
county, we hear of that " worm " and its won-
derful doings, and see monstrous bleeding, and
witness monstrous physicking, so that we cannot
wonder that, on the first appearance of the present
or any other epidemic, the farmers prefer slaughter-
ing their beasts for sale to sending for the nearest
doctor.
Two years ago the number of veterinary prac-
titioners holding diplomas was only 1,018 for the
United Kingdom. When we think of the known
numbers of stock in Scotland and Ireland, and the
conjectural amount of that kind of property in
England and Wales, we shall be amazed
that so desirable a profession should be so
nearly vacant. We are told that there are coun-
ties where no qualified practitioners can be reached
without delay which renders their services useless.
At the same time, there were 1,244 spontaneous
cattle-doctors, offering to treat sick beasts without
having anything to show for their pretension.
Besides these two classes, there were 1,109 farriers.
Mr. HOLLAND related these facts at the Socirl
Science meeting at Edinburgh two years ago
and he described the measures which be afterwards
brought forward unsuccessfully in the House. One
of the objects is to stop the quackery which at once
interferes with and discredits the profession ; and
to this end it is proposed to provide for the convic-
tion and punishment of all persons who shall attempt
to practise as veterinary surgeons without the pro-
per qualification. The need of a great increase in
the number of practitioners was urgent when Mr.
HOLLAND first proposed his measures. We need
not attempt to describe what it is now. And the
work is growing upon their hands—not only by the
increase of stock and the extension of the business
of grazing and feeding, but because we want to
1 establish a system of effectual inspection, and
llcould not do it for want of • fit class of men for
iinspectors, if Parliament were ever so favourable
to the plan. Mr. liori.allo would have • sound
system of medical statistics for domestic animals
established, to be worked by duly qualified vete-
rinary surgeons. He would have an inspector-
general of live stock traffic throughout the king-
dom, and inspectors of towns, and of fairs and
markets, in communication with the head of the
organization. The chief of the department should
1 report annually to the Privy Council on the
diseases of stock ; should watch and investigate
any disease prevalent in foreign countries, and
any outbreak of such mischief at home. If such
a safeguard could be provided the next generation
of farmers would be wiser, happier, and more
prosperous than the present. The most sensible
of them now can only do the best they know of
for their cattle, and insure their lives or bear their
losses—feeling that the mortality is beyond all
reason, and most perplexing and discou-
raging. When quacks disappear from the
scene, and educated physicians present them-
selves everywhere within reach, and there is •
proper guardianship of the safety of cattle, the
business and the fortunes of stock-owners will
take anew start. The interests of the public are
no leas involved, as we know by what we daily
hear of the bad milk and the dimmed meat sup-
plied to the market under the overwhelming temp-
, Cations of the time. In the absence of knowledge,
of direction, and of trustworthy medical aid, the
owners of cattle are sorely tried ; and it can be
no wonder that some of them try, in their isola-
tion and perplexity, to rescue something out of the
llama and the dangers to which they are exposed.
If, on a sure basis of agricultural statistics, • due
provision of sound medical treatment should be
supplied, and • perreinent safeguard against avoid-
able epidemics be established as a national institu-
tion, we shall have got some good out of the Cattle
Plague. The thing cannot be done in a day ; but
it may be begun as soon as Parliament meets. It
will take years to develop the requisite medical
science, and to fill the veterinary profession, and to
overcome the prejudices of the agricultural class
against it; but the foundation may be laid at once,
and we trust it is a question, not of years, but only

(THIS DAY.)

lIIZ JAMAICA .....---__
The Times holds that the positive announcement
by Governor Eyre to the Jamaica legislature supplies the
highest authority for the statement that there was a con-
spiracy among the negroes with no lees an object than the
murder and despoiling of the white people, and them of
the coloured who sided with them. Are we to believe
that amen in his senses would in this formal manner utter
stigma of absurdities, or make statements which any one of
the many present could contradict? Moreover, we find that
the legislature was entirely In accord with the governor ;
his address was praised in the highest terms by several
member, and Mr. Westmoreland, a member of the execu-
tive committee, at once introduced a bill to carry out the
principal of its recommendations. With regard to the
proposed amendment of the constitution the Times can
only regret that it should be necessary, and hopes that
the day will soon return when the negro population may
be intrusted with free institutions, and may meet and
' speak and vote without danger to anybody. But for their
sake, as well as that of the whit's, it is the duty of the
I I home government to support to the utmost the autho-
rities in the island, and for the benefit of all the govern-
ment should be administered for a time with a strong
hand.
In the opinion of the ly News, the fresh intelligence
bust intensify the an: with which the acts of the
aushorities have been . As to a plot by which the
mass.ore of the allegegir has been said to be justified,
ever thing still stands on th footing of rumour, of hearsay
stir:epee. Coosideriug the constant sitting of courts.
martial, the surrender of so 'many voluntary prisoners, the
fa srving by the lash on every side, and the final admission
ths• oresn in vv. an fay secured that an amnesty hiss beau
issued, it is certainly incredible that, if overwhelming evi-
dence of such a conspiracy exists, it should not have oozed
out. The speech of Mr. Gordon, which has been given as
the most conclusive evidence of his guilt, is a document which
at last displays the feeling of loyalty. The evidence of the
punishment of the alleged conspiracy, however, is plentiful
enough. "It may not altogether be uninteresting to your
readers," writes a careful editor of a Jamaica paper, " to
know that slightly over 1,050 rebels have been hanged
and shot in the parish of St. Thomas up to date.'
These, however, are only the executions in the form of
martial law. Of how many ware shot down in the bush,
or slain on the ashes of their homes, no account eau ever
be given, and then when there was not ground for either
shooting or hanging prisoners, the cat I/41 always available.
The Jamaica Standard tells 111 Hogging is going on from
morning to night. Many women and children detected
as robbers are fitted and let go daily. The greater
criminals are sent on to Morant Bay to be hanged or
shot. Details are furnished of the jest" of the salon on
the sufferings of the miserable wretches on whom they are
performing this hideous office. Nay, with the last refine-
ment of cruelty the lash is applied before trial, to those
who are set apart for trial, and who are afterwards shot '.
After giving instances, the Daily News proceeds to remark
that if but • thousandth part of such tales as form the
staple of the Jamaica newepepess—and which are narrated
with heartiest applause—are true, hell itself has broke
loose in that wretched island. But the demons are not the
blacks ; they are the white men who, for week after week,
have been holding their feast of blood, end gloating and jest-
ing over the tortures they inflict ere they mercifully slay. If
we would not have all civilisation rue toe:sante our name,
this awful bushier should be stopped. In the feet alone
1 that further persons of respectability have been captured
1 by civil warrant and transported to a place where they are
0 to be tried by a military tribunal, enough is found to make
1 I it the duty of government instantly to supersede Governor

Eyre.
The Herald explains the cry which has been raised
against Governor Eyre by " stump orators and pulpit
thumpers," baptists, methodists, quaked*, and the Anti.
Slavery Society, by stating the theory that these persons
feel they are put upon their tried by him, and that only
by silencing and disgracing him can they escape decisive
condemnation. The Herald has not the confidence in Earl
Russell which it would have had in Lord Palmerston.
The explanations which the noble earl has already asked
for are tantaniowit almost to condemnation, but it will be
a scandalous injustice if the government, to conciliate a
small but noisy party, sacrifices the governor.
A careful examination of the West Indian newspapers
baa convinced the Telegraph that it would even yet be
premature to form a decided opinion upon the affairs of
Jamaica. The papers leave us still with sooty informa-
tion on exactly those points which have provoked
most controversy. On the evidence as it stand; it wee
most unjust to visit Mr. Underhill with violent °ensure.
We must wait for the Gazelle before we can express an au-
thoritative opinion on the case of Gordon. At present our
feeling is one of extreme regret that he was ever removed
from Kingston. His trial should have been more public
and more deliberate. Nevertheless, though admitting that
there is ample reason to desire further inquiry, and that in
many individual instances there may
f undoud
btedly
he be
at rOOlll
for immure, the Telegraph orwar to t gre
arise of history without much fear of an adverse verdict.
The Star observes that the speech of Governor Eyre will
be read in vain for any explanation of that most extraordi-
nary set of political homicide, the execution of Mr. Gordon.
Indeed, the speech adds no gleam of light to that which his
despatch threw upon the nature and extent of the alleged
rebellion. As to Gordon's speech which has been printed
as the chief part of the evidence against him, there
yet was a parish vestry agitation in England in which
appeals far more vehement and angry were not freely circu-
lated. Besides, it positively wail published some time in
last July, while the MYS 11014) at Monist Bay did not take
piece until the seoond week in October. To the last he
protested hie innocence. As to the atrocities presented in
the Jamaica papers, it is difficult to write with calmue is of
the terrible events they portray, notwithstanding that, the
opposition papers having been suppressed, and their editors
sad correspondents either held in the power of the provost-
marshal or hunted on the mountains by the Maroons, we
only receive our information from the columns of the prints
in the inbred of the officials.

THE Cattle Plague will have done us some ser-
vice amidst our losses if it carries through Par-
liament two or three measures, much needed, and
strongly urged by the movers, but quashed by the
indifference of the House, or by the politic oppo-
sition of the representatives of rural prejudice.
Many a farmer in the districts ravaged by the
disease, and many a landowner whose interests
depend on the prosperity of the tenantry of the
country, may now mourn over the mistake, so
often repeated, of preventing the institution of a
sound system of Agricultural Statistics. We see
and feel on every hand the damage and perplexity
caused by the utter ignorance of the whole
country and its Government in regard to the',
amount of our property in live stock.
We saw last week the strong representation ad-
dressed to Government on the advantage possessed
by continental States in their systems of agricul-
tural statistics, by which each country knows at
this moment precisely, not only how much stock
itthas lost by the disease, but what proportion the
loss bears to the wealth which remains, while in
England everybody is in the dark on those points,
and great hindrance is opposed to preventive and
remedial measures by the absence of knowledge
and of concert in regard to the whole subject of
our live stock. The response of the Government
was as hearty as could be desired. That it would
be so was clear beforehand to all who had observed
the alacrity with which the Foreign-office acceded
to the request of Mr. FISHER, of Waterford, some
months since, that our legations on the Continent i
might be instructed to supply the statistics of
agriculture, as well as of commerce, in the countries,
in which they are residing. Among the queries sent
to the Secretaries of Legation is one relating to
f 1 the number of domestic solinals ;" and the
result will be that we shall know all about the
cattle, sheep, pigs, and horsed of every country
in Europe, while we are in blank ignorance about
our own. The fault rests with the farmers almost
entirely, for the great landowners are, generally
speaking, ready, and even eager, for the extension
to agriculture of a method which has long been an
inestimable benefit to commerce. Once more, for
the fiftieth time, it is explained to the farmers
that no disclosure of their private affairs will be
made. All that is wanted is a report frOm each
district of the country of the acreage occupied by
each description of crop, the estimated produce of
such crop, and the number of each class of domestic
animals. We shall hear no more, surely, of any
apprehension in the dullest corner of the country
of new taxes on land or produce as the real reason
for the proposed stock-taking. That groundless
fear must have died out by this time. The
expense will hardly be objected to, now that we
are all feeling that the small cost would THE =nail Thum
have been well worth while to save us from our The Times advises those of it
readers who may wish to
present ignorance and uncertainty ; and there re- follow the proosedinp of the special communion at Dahlia
mains only the old difficulty made by the farmers to avail themselves of the guidance of Mr. .1 ustioe Keogh's
about anybody asking them what they grow in " luminous and dignified' 'Adams to the grand jury.
their fields, and how many beasts they have in Fenianiam, though less respectable than the "Iris Con-
their yards and pastures. It is said that many of fecieratioe" of 1848, powwow elements of strength, and
especially of orgosisation, which were then wanting•
the objectors have become convinced that it can do While the Times rejoices that no extraordinary measures of
them no harm to stand as A, B, or C in the de- OVERLAND MAILS.
oosecioe have been mammary, it would regret to see any of
tailed and private return, and that they and their theme pram-Mims abandoned. If a oonviotioe be ob. ALEXANDRIA, Nov. 28.
property will not appear at all in the published re- mined ambit say of the prime movers in the oonspiraey, BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS ILOILS.
ports, which will give an account only in the hie pusiemeat, without ben( vindictive, should be ex- The Ripon and Syria left here at 4 p.m.
lump in relation to wide districts. In the reply of \ enilibel- yesterday'
Government to the applicants of last week it was The Pod hu little doubt that the Fenian coseliirabms ace The former may be expected at Marseilles on the
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yester much disappointed at being charged with a nom trace •
pointed out that the system has proved extremely • 3rd, and the latter at Southampton about the
day at the Commit Chamber, Whitehall ; present, Lord arromosplaies felony and not with high treason. It adds
valuable to the farmers and atockowners in Ireland cheimeierd. the Lords Justices ight Bruce and Tomer, that. homers, amps the verdicts ei the jerk, impio.ted 10th December.
and Scotland, and to Government as far as those li sir
E. V. Williams, Sir J. Colvile, and Sir LaHrencis to try them may be, the :ledge will be powerless to ;wpm, I, OUTWARD MAIL OF 12.18 NOVERBFIL
countries are concerned. England and Wales alone Peel. any severer *setae°, than ose of mast servitude for life. I The Om' as left Suez for Bombay at 6.30 a.m. to-
stand out, and what they are now suffering from I At the Queen's Council held at Windsor Cup* Teeter- and may, in the exercise of his discretion, simply ow. I day (Nov. 28).
the mistake may well facilitate the passage of a , den Mr. Gl•che°, IL *. was intredGe4 swan at /WC Ma. sign ail al the convicts to Piece for a few =Whs. 1 CALCUTTA AND CHINA (HEAVY) MAILS.
iestps Most Honourable Pnvy Causal, and appointed Vice. The Herald is not asteitialmei that Mr. Stephens made
good measure for the institution of a system of GIBRALTAR, Nov. 27.
Presideet of the Board of Trade.
agricultural statistics early in the coming session.
i Despatches were received yesterday at the Colcmislodies "ville.regiata".To hicowhthenetbsgaolPaimerasinrthePrimaeanetaaryhim lawhilhereS4hll6rii :Minna' ' The Nyanza left here at 4 p.m. today for South-
Next, we must hope that Parliament will do from the Go‘smon of the West LAI. Islands end Maim escape could be planned at leisure. The Herald thinks am ton, where she may be expected about the 2nd
better than it did hat Year, in the matter of the Despatches were tent to the Omen= of Bahia Madam a wider trams in the &blew& than nerdy mamma as December.

a NSW IWO= BILL.
" !Some of our contemporaries appear to infer," says the '
Star, "from the nature of Earl Ruseell's reply to the
Bradford deputation, as summarised in the papers, that the
government intends to postpone the question of reform.
We believe they may be quite reassured. The short re-
port—only a few lines indeed—which was published, did
a* of course, profess to be en exact version of Earl fins-
sell's words. But we may venture to say that the govern-
ment has not in any way changed its intention with regard I
to reform ; and we may add that It is believed the mea.
Burs to be brought in will be one for which the cabinet can
fairly reckon on the support of all sincere reformers."
The Post infers, end with satisfactioe, from the reply
alluded to above, that further inquiry is to precede the in-
troduction of a reform bill. The whole subject is adjourned,
for a commission of inquity will occupy a considerable time.
The Telegraph believes that the government is already I
engaged in collecting the information it requires. If, how-
ever, the Investigation cannot be properly completed without
special maeldeery, it is probable that a commission or com-
mittee of inquiry will be appointed, with adequate autho-
rity to take the requisite evidence, and report it at a period
of the year sufficiently early for the elaboration and intro-
duction of the new measure.

THE OPENING OP PART.! E 1 —We are autho-
rised to state that the Queen intends, should the
state of her health at the time admit of her making
the effort, to open Parliament in person. A few
modifications will be made in the old ceremonial.

SPAIN AND CHILI.

Owns% =masa
NOTE OF SENOR CASTRO
ASSADOR INPA TO THE SPANISH
AMB RIS.
MADRID, Nov. 27.
Senor Castro, Minister for Foreign Affairs, has
I
addressed a note dated 23rd instant to the Span ish I
Ambassador at Paris, replying to the arguments
brought forward by the Chilian Minister in the
French capital in support of the noun's adopted by
Chili towards Spain. After recapitulating the
grievances of the Spanish government against the
republic, the minister says :
The argument sought to be used spinet Admiral Pare*
and consequently against her Majesty's government, that
the admiral did not negotiate awarding to the terms el his
full powers, hu not the slightest foundation. Full power
never contain the instructions which a government gives to
its agent for the settlement of any matter. They are the
credentials serving to attest his character and secure him
attention from the government to which be is sent. But
they never mention the instructions by which his conduct is
i to be regulated, and which it is not customary to make

public.
consist of nothing
The full powers sent to Admiral Pareja
but adornment drawn up in the same form as all of
form
its
chin, authorising hint to negotiate, but not stating the
of those negotiation nor the time ur occasion for praier
eating them. These full powers enabled him to commence
negotiations and &patch his note of the 17th September.
They will, perhaps, serve him still farther, when, having ob-
tained the reparation to which we ere entitled, peace may be
concluded and an arrangement made. The full powers, in
fact, were necessary from every point of They
view.
specify ell the general oases upon which a plenipotentiary
should be authorimed, bat they should not be confounded
with the instruction' given by the govervinent to their
agents in certain and determined eiramstances like
the present, nor even in the ordinary mess of • permanent
friendly mission. Into this strange and lamenteble error,
however, the individuals composing the reeideet diplomatic
their o Santiago have fallen. Instead of simply using
their good offices, they Mamas& themselves to Admiral
Parole to intimate or point out what wan prescribed to him
by his powers, interpreting them erroneously, ae if
they were his instructions, whereof the admiral "lone could
be the judge, and similarly when they mbar
questly again addressed the Spanish plenipotentiary,
it was not to offer their mediation or good Odom, bat to
enter upon the %Petite of the question, judg:ng and quali-
fying it in a manner that appeared partial and favourable
to Chili and repeating the protest they had elmody roads.
Far be it from me to censure the oondnct of the diplomatic
corps resident in Chili, yet I cannot but believe that, dou
not
bt-
lessly with the beet intention', they adopted • course
the beet calculated to attain the laudable end they had in
view. Entirely setting aside the terms of the communica-
tions addressed to Admire' Pamir, end taking it for granted
that their object was to offer medlittion or good
offices, it cannot be ignored that the diplomatic corps
allowed the favourable opportunity to escapethem by
sending their first communication on the 22nd, that
is to say, twenty-four boureleiter Admiral Persia received
the reply of Senor Covarrubies, finally and peremptorily
refusing any sort of explanation. And still later,
on the 24th instant, when the blockade had already
been declared, metals of proffering their good
offices and negotiating with the Chillan govern-
ment, they were almost exclusively occupied in
analyzing the notes exchanged between the admiral sad
Senor Covarrnbisa, in a manner that, as I have already
said, appears partial and favourable to Chili, but which did
not, at least, conduce to the noble object by which they