The Express.
London, England, 1849-10-10 00:00:00

OUTGOING MAILS.

The mails for British North America and the United
States will be made up on the evening of Oct. 12.
The West India Mails, excluding Bermuda, Havanna,
Nunn, Honduras, New Orleans, sad Mexico, and including
those tee Madeira, St. Jean-de-Nicaragua, New Granada,
Chili, and Peru, will be made up on Oct. 17.
The next mails for Lisbon, Spain, and Gibraltar will be
made up on the 17th of October.
The mails far Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands,
Egypt, Ceylon, India, and China, via Southampton, will
be made up on the morning of Oct. 20.
Tnie mails via Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt,
Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, &ix, will be made up on the
evening of October 24.
The mails fir Madeira, the Brazils, and Buenos Ayres,
will be m►de up on the evening of Nov. 5.

RIGA WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Ten D.—Yoram. 7h. Se eft Afternoon. 8 b 40n.
To•wnuw—Yonlni, 25rn Afterneou.lo 910.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10.

A RUFFIAN, celled FIEBCIII, was tried some years
ago in Paris for having put together and fired an in-
fernal military machine, a combination of musket
barrels, upon the King and his suite, as they pro-
ceeded up the Boulevards. On inquiry it was found
that FIESCHI was a poor devil, who could not possibly
have mustered the money requisite for the construc-
tion of such a machine. q, This led to farther inquiry,
and to the discovery that one PEPIN had acted capi-
talist upon the occasion, and, although he himself re-
mained in the back ground. had still furnished the
funds to Fluent for his work of bloodshedding and
slaughter.
This is precisely the same case as that discussed at
the London Tavern on Monday. HATNAU, or Austria,
is Ftzscat; the raiser of the Austrian loan is PEPIN.
The latter. when arraigned before the Court of Peers,
asked," Could he not do what he liked with his own
money?" The court thought otherwise, and PEPIN
was dsapitated. His sentence and execution were in
direct contradiction of the principle, of free trade, as
expounded by the Times. That journal is strangely
oblivious of its politico-economic reading. It de-
clares, for example, that none of the great writers
whom Mr. COBDEN quoted denounced loans in the
abstract. We beg to refer our contemporary to the
passage, which we giro from ADAM SMITH
in another column.

We always understood that free traders objected to
fiscal restrictions, as injurious to the revenue, if esta-
blished for its sake, and inj (Inoue alike to both interests,
protected or excluded. Free traders would equally ob-
ject to restrictions established by law, on the pretext of
their being demanded by religion or morality, because
there is no tyranny or folly that might not be perpe-
trated under such pretences. But to say that public
opinion should be silenced or suspended lest it should
interfere with the freedom of trade, wu an absurdity
that never entered into the mind of any, save that
of a scribbler in want of a sophism. Public opinion,
like the air around us, grasps, and tries, and environs,
and affects every power and every being. The
sovereign in her palace does not mope it. Autho-
rity, ever so solemn and sacred, cannot evade it. In
all our states, all our acts, of public or private life, it
is felt and dreaded, courted and respected.
If a sovereign dismisses her maid of honour, there
is an instant arraignment; if a prelate palters with
his own words—arraignment; if a merchant fits
out vessels for the slave trade, or even for supplying
articles of wear to those who do trade, there is ar-
raignment. People say, that such use shall not be
made of money. If the Dean and Chapter of West-
minster build and let whole streets of houses, which
serve the purposes of brothels, people will object to this
use of money. If landlords and emigrant societies
shovel out paupers, and either ease or make their
fortunes by the sacrifice of human life. the act will
be questioned. Railroads will have their committees
and their censors, their Bulls and Bears. Why should
money lenders plead exemption ?
Why should they, when any thing like coercion or
intimidation can with such difficulty be brought to
bear on them ? How many ways has a great
banker of raising and disposing of money ? How
can a mob possibly tell in what manner he disposes
of his scrip? A mob can have nothing to do with
such a question. It is one for his fellow-citit.ens, for
his equals, who bank and trade with him. Their
opinions alone have influence on him. It is also
a question for his own conscience, as well as for his
own prudence, motives, and sentiments, which very
often slumber, or case to have their just influence
even over the moat sagacious.
But it is said that great capitalists are too well in-
formed, and are all-wise. As was, however, observed
in the Westminster Review, their sagacity is not re-
quired to reach far. All they think of is how to
place and dispose of their loans. Their facilities of
doing this depend on the ignorance of the public,
and of the smaller capitalist", abroad or at home,
who take small parts of such loan or investment.
What is wanting is light, is information—a sifting
and an exposition of fete, to enlighten small capita-
lists, not intimidate great ones.
Austria has been bankrupt three times. Austria
spende in peace one half more than her income, and
must spend three times that income in war. The
cometre way to
w with
hsupflurei
support the
and Austriands;)oveloatiinis.woulldubtetheto
Austrian organs durst do no such thing. They do
not even dare to say that a loan to Austria is a safe
investment.
Even if Austria's expenditure was upon any par
with its revenue, what security is there for a con-
tinuance of the empire? There is no community, no
link, no adhesion. The security of a debt lies in the
people of the country feeling that it has been incurred
for their benefit, their defence, or their interests.
But what feeling, save of repudiation, can Lombardy
or Hungary, or Bohemia, have foe an Austrian
debt? Money lent to the government of Vienna
is in reality lent to the house of Hapsburg,
that house which has the worst chance of
any in Europe to remain a sovereign one.
And this is no party opinion. It is the avowed care
and fear of the statesmen and the generals who as-
semble is council at Vienna, and who each tell the
emperor that, unless he adopt certain plans, the
monarchy cannot be held together. Haman would
keep the province together by the cord and the axe

EICIIWARZENBERG by isolating it from Germany
SCnnLING by the contrary ; STAlnorr's friends by
unity ; JILLSCHICII's frends by indulging the pro.
vinces in their local and several liberties. Hunger,
conquered is not so sick or so crumbling as A
us
at the zenith of conquest.
And such a country comes to ask for English eel.
ney! Had it established its constitution, see
pecty
popular rights, summoned a representative assembi
promulgated its loan according to the
laid down in its own constitution, Theo
might have been some plea and opeciorme,.
it. But, no; there is nothing of the kin0,,.....net
S "low of legality, not the least respe4 of burna-rn
The Jews of Buda-Pe have
e'll Ir..en released from pit:
son, and we are told haTei anbscribed to this ban. of
course under intunids.tion. And certain bankers se
Vienna have subscribed under the same fear. Mr:
ROTIISCIIILD himself is bound to keep up we
connexion with the court of Vienna, and no doubt
would sacrifice much rather than offend it. H., too,
is under a kind of necessity and compulsion, and yet the
Times would deliver up the people of England and
their purses to speculations and to war got up al
such a way and influenced by such motives.
Perhaps the most amusing reason given by that
journal is the last which it puts forward. It is, rho
if the English refuse a loan, Austria will lapse men
and more into the arms of Russia. And Englishmen
are asked to throw away money to prevent this en.
tastrophe. This is the eternal, he universal, the
never-failing argument of the Timm. It would de
England and its politiciars to the side et
Austria, lest Austria should become Russian,
It would have had us aid Austria's invaskie
and oppression of Italy, abet its sulajug.tiee
of Hungary, and favour its plan of bringing
many under its old stupid and tyrannical met—thee
is, it would have England forswear every principle eg
liberty, of justice, and of fair feeling, and espouse the
despotic policy and interests of Austria merely in
order to keep Austria from being Russian. Bat
what is this recommended policy but the becoming
Russian ourselves, but sneaking into the goal
gnus despotic courts by putting on their
livery, imitating their genuflexions, approving
their cruelty, and smiling at their barbarism?
And not only are we to be guilty of all this baseness,
this utter abjuration of English principles abd chg..
meter, but we mast wind it up by opening our purses,
and making over the fruits of our economy M this
same stupid, retrograde, prodigal, and batkrept
country, to whom we are told to sacrifice everything.
Why not become Austrian at once, and let the
double eagle replace the lion and the unicorn over ow
Foreign-office and parliament house, as well as over
the title-page of the Times? In this there would be
at least sincerity.

WE venture to ask the special attention of ec pab.
lie to the important matter we are about to bricg be.
fore them. The rubject is one which affe,to the
honour of the government, the interests of trade, sad
the credit of science—whilst it also bears, in a mums'
most remarkable, on the fiscal system of Great
Britain.

Evety one knows that the manufacture of tobacco
is regulated by the Excise. Although since 1825 the
ditty on the article has been collected by the Custer%
yet a strict survey of manufacturers' promisee, and a
registry of all their operations and sales, is main-
tained by the Excise, mainly for the purpose of pm.
venting adulteration.
The nature of the adulteration to be guarded against
may be gathered from one of the clauses of the sot
5 & 6 Vicr., which prohibits, under a penalty of
2001., any manufacturer from having in -his posses-
sion—

Any treacle, molasses, or honey, or any commings or roots
of malt, or any ground or unground roasted grain, round or
unground chicory, lime, sand (not being tobacco sand),
umbre, ochre, or other earth, seaweed ground or powdered,
wood, moss, or weeds, or any 1 or any slobs or pleats
(not being tobacco leaves or plants), nor any substat.es or
material, syrup, liquid, or preparation, matter, or Thing, to
be used or capable of being used as a substitute :or or to
increase the weight of tobacco or snuff.
According to the Excise, the principal adulteratioa
against which they have had to guard has been the
adulteration by auyar. For many years previous to
1845 their seizures of tobacco on the ground of
adulteration by sugar, were carried on to an extent that
was perfectly surprising. It would have appeared,
judging from the Excise records, that there teas
scarcely an honest man in the trade. Tobacco, ado!.
tented by sugar, was seized in almost every plus
that as exciseman entered. And the excisemen
profited by it, for, although informers have no kgal
right to a share of the penalty, the Excise Board have
a power to recommend the Treasury to give tcera a
bonus, and the Treasury would be very neglectful
of its own interests if it had ever refused.

The character and extent of Excise seizures of
tobacco has never been fully known to the public.
The reason for this is readily. explained. The
Excise, wherever they made a seizure, were accus-
tomed to offer the dealer an opportunity of c .mpre-
mise. Guilty or not guilty, it was his obvious
oterest to accept any terms rather than spear
in court. First of all, he would have hid to
contend against a powerful government bard;
second, whatever the decision, the Excise would be
irritated against him, and would be gore to sub-
ject him to every possible annoyance ; third,
the publicity would inevitably operate against
him with the trade, and would give his rivals is
it an advantage ; fourth, whatever the result, he
would have to bear all the expenses, for the Excise
never make compensation whatever the injury or the
injustice they inflict. Upon these considerations
hundreds and thousands of cases were compromised.
The Excise flourished on its seizures, and the dealers
paid the penalties demanded.
Ia VMS a committee of the House of Commons wu
appointed to inquire into the operation of the tobacco
duties. Mr. Hums wu chairman. The committee
went into evidence on the subject of adulterations. They
summoned before them the chemists employed by the
Board of Excise, Professor GRAHAM, who is president
of the "London Chemical Society," Mr. G. PHILLIPS,
who is " the regular and confidential chemist of the
Excise Board," and Mr. R. PHILLIPS, who is chemist
of the Economic Museum of Geology. We solicit
attention to the evidence given by these savant,.
They had all of them, be it observed, been employed
extensively by the Excise in searching for sugar sad
other adulterations in tobacco.
Professors GRAHAM declared solemnly that there
was " no appreciable sugar in tobacco," and in reply
to another question he reaffirmed that "there was no
sensible gnantity." He had been employed, he said,
upon a hundred analyses within a few months, and he
was so convinced that there was no sugar in tobacco,
that the presence of one-hall per cent. of saccharine
matter would be evidence to him of adulteration.
Mr. G. PHILLIPS, the " regular and confidential
chemist of the Excise," declared that he had experi-
mented upon between SOO and 600 different samples
of tobacco, and that " decidedly there was never any
sugar in pure tobacco." He agreed with Professor
GRAHAM as to the quantity of sugar that was evi-
dence of criminal adulteration.
Mr. R. PHILLIPS said he had been employed
by the Excise to analyse samples of tobacco, and
that he was convinced there was " no sugar in pure
tobacco."

It was upon the opinions of these chemists that
the board of Excise had instituted prosecutions. It
was upon their evidenoe that they had secured con-
victions. Numbers of tradesmen had suffered de;rs
dation and submitted to pecuniary penilty in conse-
quence of the report which these " chemists" had
sent in.

Upon being asked what were the tests which they
had applied to tobacco, and on the result of which
they formed their judgment, it appeared that the only
methods the Excise chemists had used to detect
natural sugar in tobacco were fermentation and the
production of alcohol. Upon this Mr. Home, the
chairman, remarked that "that was a sorry account of
chemistry" Mr. Hume was probably aware that such
tests were utterly inadequate in most cases, and more
or less uncertain in all; that those who drew their in-
ference* from them must be either very ignorant of
their profession or else intentionally asleep; for that
German chemists had long before discovered a test
whereby the presence even of a hundred-thousandth
part of indigenous sugar could be readily detected in
almost any plant. The committee accordingly cft
dered an examination by other chemists, and some
large tobacconists favoured and promoted an investi-
gation, which soon after led to most important
disclosures.
It should be observed that even whilst this investi-
gation was in progress the Excite were pursuing
their prosecutions. In January, 1845, they made a
large seizure at Norwich. In May they procured;

se tdr. asoloz PHILLIPS'S widest*, the conviction
eniessrs. Stereos and Sox, a neticetaWe firm at
Leda Is the same month they seised tobacco at
path, sad essisteseed Exchequer prosecutions against
▪ ef the largest tobacco firms in England, the
sae& of Devises. Ise the September
kpsieg, sneteased by the *video* of Pro'eseocs
Gamut' and Mules, they nose feted, most sajmely,
the MOWS. 'LITHO, of Shaftesbury t sad a few days
&roods slop grocer reddest affeevil. Theme last
wide.e were absolutely oh ained despite the sel-
dom of Dr. UM who, is the moth of July preceding,
bed lode the dissovery, which, to the shame of the
Excise " chemists," we are about to serrate.
The investigations made at the instaoes of the cons.
sides and the tobaccoalste, were coadocted pro.
knot BRAND. Mr. COOPS", Mr: IllupAni,of Eris_
• sad Dr. DU. flanzPire 01 !Gel tobacco, premed
Gem differest casks Vint is the Queen's warehouse,
it the Landes Docks, woes operated upon
by mad them eminent chemists. They ansigrals
secertained beyond a desist " the proems IV fiat.
wade& super in variable gnasstities, both is
diferset hogsheads , wed its the ease hogshead."
la the coarse of the autumn following Dr. Uses'
sae farther investigetions—ell with the assents% '
Is daimon description, of tobacco he bead wars I
varying is amount from # per ant. to 41 per cent
Dr. Us" sir
I have hosed in tobeeees fa bead Jl.l four end iliave
=erair amt. of awjar. By wash the kat a to-
as now distineaish a seseheehee abases Mesa a to-
how that contains lithe or we esselweine wstele. In w-
eights tobacco thtre are blab data hem eel Mere epee
the loaves, and it bee a eweetbh leste, which may easily be
'outmoded with the taste elf liguseise. This tabus° is pre-
ferred for "hewing.
It is very curious that the only sample of tobacco
in which these chemists were not able to detect amyl
saccharin matter, wes a sample of the very tobases
for the adulteration of wh'eh with sager the Excise
commenced prosecutions apiestthe Mean. Animas,
of Devizes ! In consequJnoe of this the Excise weal
absolutely obliged to compensate the Menem Antrim
011 account of the expenses they bewared from the
unjustifiable proceedings of the bosrd-4a act of jar
tics more done by the Excise in any other case
on record !
Such wee the complete beeek-down and overthrow
of the "Excise chemist." and of their "prosecu-
tions for adulteration of tobacco by sugar." The
authorities which are constituted for the protec-
tion of the fair and honest dealer, proved themselves
in this came the persecutors and oppress:re of legiti-
mate and honourable trade. They drove the mate-
factors re to defend themselves at vast expense by
employing chemists to test the very facts of which it
was the duty of the Excise to be better informed
than all the rest of the world together. And those
chemists, men far above suspicion, proved beyond
the possibility of quibble, that the assumption on
which the Excise had founded all their prosecutions
was absolutely false, and that those by whom they were
advised and assisted were either men asserting a scien-
tific knowledge which they did nut possess, or men
who suppressed the truth in order to promote a system
which was at once a trap for the fair trader and a
cover for the fraudulent.
The " chemists" and the Excise have been obliged
to abandon their ground. They admit now that they
were wrong about the sugar. But the hope of re-
covering penalties is too tempting to induce them to
forego proceedings altogether. They have therefore
taken up a new position. They are now charging
merchants and mann& .turers having saccharine to-
bacco in their st,.ck, with adulteration, not by sew,
but by infusion of liquorice! There was published
the other day, in the Gloucester Journal, the details
of a meet wicked attempt to injure a respectable firm
in this way : an attempt happily defeated, and of
which even the evidence for the prosecution displayed

the iniquity.
Mews. Dices of Gloucester were sued for penal-
ties amounting to 8001. for having on their premise
and for manufacturing, adulterated tobacco. 2,5001 b.
weight of their tobacco had been seized by Mr.
Moms Putturs, "the regular and confidential
chemist to the board," on the ground that it " smelt of
liquorice." Messrs. Blocs denied that they bad been
guilty of any adulteration ; and when the usual op-
portunity of compromise was offered, to them,
indignantly refused to make any terms with the
Excise. The information spinet them was heard
some days ago at Gloucester, and the owe rested
entirely on the evidence of the Surveyor of Excise,
who, of course, was the informer, and of Mr. (Mown
PHILLIPS, the "analytical chemist to the board.*
Now what do yen suppose the informer and the
chemist together brought the cue to P Just this :
ALFRED ALLCON, the surveyor, swore that he
" lasted" the tobacco.
It tasted of liqsorico. Genuine tobacco has & bitter acid
taste, but that seized bad a sweet flavour. I did not app/y
any other tat Mats 'imply tasting it. I believe that accord
int to the quality of the tobacco *ore it sore or lan of
aserharino =attar in it.
Gamine Pauurs, the " analytical chemist,"

SWOOP,
Os entering the store rooms I swell liquorice very strong.
I Mated the tobacco, and found it so penis ently sweet that I
said to Mr. Baps. " The Mate of this tobacco acestants for
the difficulty a • have bad in Rotting into the warshouse."•
I thea examined the whole of the lobster ea the premium
sad told Mr. Biggs I should wins it se adulterated.
This was absolutely the whale proof of adul-
teration ! It depended, therefore, on the state of the
informer's palate and on "the analytical chemist's"
power of nose. The one tasted and the other smelt.
The informer, probably, just after screwing up his
mange at a pot-bone with no small quantity of
that porter in which liquifies is most plentifully in-
fused, walks into WNW& BIGGS'S WITIKOSID, and de-
clares that their Skeen tastes " liquoricy," and that
he will lay an informaties 'The " analydeal chemist,"
only too sexism flee a lei at a dell period d the
year, rushee AMPS IS MSIMISIS by express train,
and amidst the fuels elf the tobacco in the ware-
house, sniffs the Ur/series se strongly, that he at once
seises everything in the gam Truly, the senses of
excisemen mast he main We should have fancied
nothing more &Seek than to have tasted or smelt
liqoarice in the leaf IL Aron_ Virginia tobasee. But
what cannot tests sari man do when hem In also
the hope of a reward is the OWN* and madras!
In the sugar quads% "the awarded ebentist's"
test was " heneslatios." la the %whim case
he does not earry_hie elesedeel analyelk_wea to that
extent of seining brandishes. lintled as it is.
" With regard to Ilinerios," he ceps, "we have no
dear way of it frees la ms% whim seized."
The " analytical rsaylialliug test, than-
ks% is his strength of atetvil. He Eight well join
3a the exclamation of the entaik ssigtaker :
" Num be who never Wad lobar,
Nest' ! the plessare theses width d awe ?
Knows be the titillating joys
Whisk my wee knows?
Oh, noes! I am so peed of thee
As say mountain of its snows ;
I pm at thee, sad feel that joy—
A Roma knows!"
Far the cause of justiias it is an exceedingly ha
thing that there are other "analytical • in
the wodd besides the lonrsoented " Chemist to the
Board ',Enloe." In order to meet Mr. Pirmirs'a
evidence the defendants called Dr. Uu. The learned
doctor deposed as fellows:
I have soaped these samples by wiry Amu& pretest
in ny• porn, and I do sot believe there is LIMITNING
thus vat pod, °annum Paacoo I Nos. 1 sad 2 are re.
nuke!, ly pure, sad they have somewhat of a moat taste.
No. 3 m Mains a little more salt or &Weise than the avenge.
The sweetish Mete may ashy be makmaded with the mete
of liquorice.
Professor HSRAPATH, of Bristol, swore to the same
effect. After the evidesee of them truly acientille
men, the pending =sheathes zatessite hews mealy,
declaring that it was the &Sy et the Lie Ia sash a
case to toddy them that the alleged 11811100 had been
committed; that they wen net madded, and that un-
less three was Anther awl Miter peer, the information
must be &mimed. The R. selisitor absolutely
had the effrontery to give adios dame&
di Appeal," indeed ! The Amiss end every one sow.
cerned in such a case ought to be mesh& kr harm-
jug, persecuting, injuring, and, as they • imbeds the
tobacco, we mxy even say, robbing a firm
under such circomstanns as this rot dfiv.em Al
irresponsible board proceeding me postire,
upon the evidence of their ewer " amid' and othw
OfaCeff, and then talking of " Appeal r Why
what is this bat at
atagof a government
body to brook down nisei by the infliction of
coats ? The Excise pay— the other
hand, vast must have been the expenses
incurred by Messrs. BIGGS in ProPoslog the 16;
@utile analysis necessary to correct the errors_
_°.
the cupervitor's vitiated taste and the '7",
chemist's analysing now And now they are to be

• It wa• a/term:de ellablielnd that tlr vim■ la"
giddy in Mr. PlllllOl

dragged tato amber court, tad free& them perhaps
to a third and a fourth, merely to satisfy the rave-
nous appetite of the Excise for pataltia!
We commenced by saying that this was a matter
affecting the honour ct government, the interests of
trade, and the credit of seisms. We think that we
bare established all those positions. It has also a
soot important bearing on the lewd optima of the
country, but that is a branch of the rabjeot into
which oar present limit. warn as not to enter.

LETTERS FROM THE HUNGARIAN BMW
IN TURKEY.

said .seas =Mkt since in
At a great meetin;
Ma {:more., sz address to the Hunigariass and their
4
President was voted. A British officer, Lient. Case-
ment, offered to be the bearer et this address, and to
pat his own expense. He accomplished his mission,
bat wild only present the address at Widdin to
Louth in captivity. Lieut. Casement has just re-
twee, ak and brought the following letters from Wid-
th. The and is a copy of the reply at an eminent
chMlmain the Polish exiles, to a mem-
ber alibis 'Furkish government :
WIDDIN, Barr. 111.
During the month which has elapsed eines the fall
of Hungary has driven a thousand Poles into the do-
minions of his Ottoman Majesty. we have had but
to thank the benevolence and protection of the Sultan.
We have expressed those Ir and in them I most
fully joined.
Alas ! why am I obliged to entertain other than
' these sentiments of gratitude, and why thus be forced
to intrude on your indulgence by the language of
remonstrar ce ? We had booed to become useful mem-
bers of the great family c tniided by Providence to the
care of the sovereign of Turkey. What grief then
was it for us to learn that our coming here has become
the arse of an outrageous attack upon the indepen-
dent sovereignty and the bather, as well as against
the traditional virtues of the sons of Mehemet. Na
is it a lesser subject of grief to behold the councillors
of the Porte falter in the task of supporting the Brit
noble moire of their sovereign, and have recourse
tor the solution of the difficulty to entreaties that oe
should aid them by a deplorable act of weakness.
These eminent men with whatever excellent inten-
tions, have fallen into a strange error. They counted,
no doubt, and with justice, on the old affection of the
Poles for the Turks, a reverence and affection which
I share, founded on a knowledde of the many virtues
which the Turks practise to a far greater degree than
even Christians. Such knowledge has led me to re-
spect the religion of the Turks which inculcates these,
mutes. But such sentiment is far removed frorn.the
conviction or the state of mind required for an abju-
' ration of religion, while such service would be an
impiety in the eyes of the common Father of all men,
and a cowardly lie in the eyes of those committing or
' witnessing such abjuration, sad equally injurious to
' both. _ _ _

Pardon me, if I say that one position here has not
been appreciated at Constantinople by those whom
we considered to be our tried Mend,. The succour
accorded to us and the protection promised cannot
blind us to the fact that we are prisoners, nor deprive
us of anxiety for the future. Ikptived of freedom,
and menaced by the vengeance of implacable enemies,
we cannot still be guilty of a dishonouring
act, vile, if not spontaneous, as if dictated by fear.
Some individuals may cede to a conviction di
which God and their conecienos will judge. But the
change of religion by a body of men, en mossy, c old
not be considered by the world as anything else than
a subterfuge, dictated by mere calculation and fear.
Turks themselves would not judge it otherwise.
And what would Poland think of her children,
stained by such disgrace, or of Turkey, which con-
strained them to it? How could she count upon each
sons? She would see nothing more than an unwor-
thy weakness and a low dikouragement.
God defend the Sultan from following such a court*.
Let him rather continue fairly what he ht gun glo-
rirasly, and cover with his arm the nnfortanee
pests whom his officers received. Let him meet the
unjust, inhuman, and nisgrareful demands of Russia
with the dignity of the successor of Mehemet, and
the world, as well as Poland, will repay him with
killings of gratitude and admiration. Should war
ewe (and In that case, the protection of these refit-
=ill form but the pretext, not the canoe), the
will be at the head of a nation proad of its
conduct and its cause. And Europe will applaud the
resistance and the courage of such a nation and such
a sovereign.
Poland will then not content herself with merely
sending, as she did to Hungary, the purest of hor
blood—she will rise as a man, for she will have faith
in Turkey. And it is this faith, which Russia would
destroy, for Poland and Turkey united can accom-
plish what Europe durst not attempt without those
nations. Yet this faith, the sole preservation of
Turkey hes the greatest disasters, would no longer
exist, it wsuM perish, were Turkey to show itself so
weak as to imand of the Po:es reposing under her
hospitality the sacrifice of their rehgion to fear.
Neither we'll this self ea this lie uttered, at-
tain the end desired. Russia would consider
the thhig as minas, and would treat it as a mere
sealsetege on the part of the Porte. Her exigencies
valid sot ONO& And how could Mussnlmans be
sailed on to display in the defence of this lie that
esergy and sewage which they did not show in lap-
pet of their mages.nimou sovereign, wham he was
faithful to the law, to the tradition and glory of his
wee? The idea of abjuration thus appears pestle
and incredible to the refugees themselves. They meet
eau it, in order to put faith in divine kudos and is
the words of a sovereign whose representative
us by oath that oar safety was inviolable,
cider the guard of Mussulman hospitality and the
Sultan's protection.

The mat letter is from a Polish ofber to Lord
D— 8--.

WIDDIN, Barr. 20.
I seize the masks of one of your compatriots
going home, to tell you what is passing. I send in
Polish the events at Constantinople, which you will
find resulted in an invitation to as here to conform to
Islamism. I need not tell you bow such proposal was
almost unanimously Tejo:tett. Oar danger is great.
Three chasm are before net if, as is probable, the
Turks Use, that of smug some thousands of
Christians hosed to turn Mahanedane by the ame-
nds& el two Chnistian pewees. A mound chance
mirg be tie visiesse Os-Turks, irritated by our re-
ams% sod blissi ea uto lied us for delivery up.
This may peelase sans of resistance and blood
one es Iselt pleat in Prussia in 1831, and the
esesdal otwlielt_put an end to the cowardly project
et ostradiass The third chance is that of a coup-de-
mi& against Widdin by the Russians.
01 them three possibilities, the two first would out-
=onanlty, the third would outrage the right of
The demand of extradition made by Russia, soma-
panisd by a threat of war, is something so strains
and so unusual, that it must have been done for the
sake of degu .n
_Teske, previous to crushing it.
The isseesge eached us on the llth, and measures were
taken, it wee said, to gain time till an answer
arrived, before a definitive reply was made.
But wond Russia wait the twenty days necessary
for the return lf the officer, sent asfidsatially to us?
This appears doubtful, aftA.r the wimiptesey conduct
of Ridden. The Emperor, therefore, must be fully
aware at this moment of the tergiversation of the
Porte, and the proposal made to us by the laid cam-
ellias of the Porte. A declaration of war may thus
be at this mamma dispatched from Warsaw, and orders
given to the Russians to pan the Danube, whilst the
80,000 Ruesians in Wallachia can easily oversews
the 30,000 scattered troops of Turkey. Russia would
not, indeed, enter upon a winter campaign. But
an expedition to carry us off is -passible; and
as soon as this was achieved, the Emperor
might declare himself satisfied. What could the
European cabinets say? They have tolerated the an-
nihilation of Cracow, the occupation of the tains:li-
polities, the. treaty of Baits Liman, the occupation of
Transylvaniafirst, of Ha
-all after, without seeing
how inevitable it wee that
this must end in an
attack on Turkey. European statesmen and your
English press would vaunt the moderation of the
Emperor without casting a thoht upon the disgrace
flung upon Turkey 'Atha the expedition, or the
violation of its territory. Nothing can save us but
some Smog step on the part of the governments of
the west.
I am sorry to mention that Beni alone has lietenset
to the Turkish offer. It is not from fear he does this,
but recklessness. Ban is a gambler in war; and his
first chinas were lucky, us his last throw of the dice
lost all. I need not say, that Dembinski and all hen
repelled the foolish tem

The following is a translation of a letter from Gen.
Wysocki, commanding the Polish Legion is the 'ser-
vice of Hungary, now at Widdis, addressed to as
officer sent by him to Constantinople, in answer to the
proposal of the Divan, that the officers and, soldiers
of the legion should embrace the Muesalman religion
as a condition of the protection of the Sultan against
the demands of the Emperor of Russia.
WIDDIN, Sept. 19, 1849.
" Dear Bielinskl,—l received your letter from Con-
stantinople, written visibly order the first impression,
and when your thoughts were engrossed with the we
slaty object of saving us. No ;it menet be ; we can-
not listen to the proposition of the Turks, for it la im-
possible to enter upon a compromise with our eon-
edemas. If we look upon a man as infamous who
changes his political creed for the sake of selfish as
Lives, what would we have to say of hiss who, for
the sake cif safety, would change the creed of his
fathers P _ .

"Moreover, you must remember that we do not
stand here in a private capacity, but that we e
mot our whole nation. Are we, then, permitted
bring, by cowardice, an sternal stair. upon the cha-
racter of our people ? What would say the world P
What would say posterity? No! ones more, no!
Happen what may, we bhall not tarnish the Polish
name. I request you, in my name, and in the name
of the whole legion, not to enter into negotiation with
the Turks upon this subject; for, by such an act, the
Turks would bring upon themselves and upon us an
eternal infamy.
"As regards your question, how you have to act
with reference to the Sultan and to his government,
do all you can to save this handful of men ; bat mind,
that our country, the honour of our name, are foremost
—our safety is a secondary matter.
" I embrace you most sincerely,
(Signed) "JOSEPH WTBOCKL

seen begs gm the thteday. The aesl■s wee named by
Vl* lager, l• onapilmace with • vsq.Wtioa *eel by as.
atoll "Wet, who regard the proposed eltentisezeb=
a Wedeln, to Mod to the delivery of letten la the
os the thuidaY. sad a aeleslawd to easnrege • webs Mr
repast fee the Minable &Math.
Thew twee takes by the Weyer, who Vas nevesaled
by wiss sataistsno sad geadmass :—Bay. Wm.
Madan, of M. GeeeiVe March ; P.n. T. Williams gds:
leyes). Beads. IL Itiowltietrolds and G. W. Comber
Eirta), Hobert J 8e5.1.. Jobe Jana, Jae" Seq.,
: Banes, Esq., J. W. Smith, MI, sad num
nimbus el the Tows Orgeoll.
The Nev. W. BlNCletut slur dam his 'plebe that
tin roped wisely :eft mesa led laths aefiejnant of •
llsle mosaw er slab sea petters is th• Mash% both in
dm past•elltio and la samestila amahlblamease lel Wane!
deprive Inn be* oldie goat eel edvaatspe at the Ilahhath,
aorta:---

That tbie lasedeg bee observed with regret and ahem the
proposed regehtloa ha the General Poet oflke, by tat& a
Imp mown of Banda, labour will be required is that

EDWARD LINES, Ease seeemied the prepaitioa,
and called apes Mr mom to say 'Messina ef Slur
day labour is the essami whisk from time is-
seemeMal hmi bees deed es the . The sues plea of
mammiseme auk urge tie twain el the Custorn-
homs and othse deperamate of essameree ; sad be thought
any alteration meilla mkt to be ia die appeeite direction.
The Rev. T. WILLIAMS moved, sal the Rev. G. W.
CORDER sosemied, the out rookies, width mu:
That this waft Us that say plea which takes the
malls into London on Samday mornings, and regains the
attendant* of clerks sal kinot-sottors to receive, sort, sad
transmit them, will ultimately load to the delivery of lettoss
on that day is London also.
On the motion of the Rev. H. R. RIIIIOLDS,
_seteaded by
ROBIZT JOWITT, Esq., a memorial to the LOINS of the
Treasury, against the proposed alteration, was agreed to.
All the resolutions were curbed unanimously ; and after
thanks had been voted to the chairman, the mooting repa-
rated.