The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-25 00:00:00

e, hut 11•11. inquiries. now on foot may be perfected, after which it
5 probable tbe law will be showed to Wee Its comm. Two more
(lemmata egaremers base very seldom, if ever, been brought to
justice.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE-
CHARTIST DEMONSTRATION AT NOTTINGHAM.—
Yesterday f Chartist demonstration took place here,
retur to ce
tode-
I biota the withdrawal of the petition against the n
parliament ot Mr. Feargus O'Connor. A procession to meet
Mr. F. O'Connor at the railway-station left the Market.
place at 12 o'clock, amidst a heavy fall of rain. It consisted
of 300 or 400 men, accompanied by a band of music, and
having two small rigs, Mr. G. Harrison, on a white horse,
acting as leader. There were also a carriage and four
hones, decorated with laurel*. At the station the procession
was increased by a sewed band of music and severa
loudly
l
hundred more chartists. Mr. Feargus
•O'Connor was
chewed as he took his beat in the carriage, with Mr.
J. Sweet, Mr. C. Roberts, and three other persons. A
large crowd was &mumbled in the Market-place.
Several orators addressed speeches to those in front of the
Exchange. Mr. J. Sweet preceded over this part of the pro-
ceedings, and Mr. Roberts moved a ',solution expreseive of
the confidence of the people of Nottingham in Mr. F.
O'Connor, and eulogg his patriotic conduct during the
recent agitation, pledging themselves to reader him their
support, and sympathising with him at what was called the
disgraceful treatment he had met with in the house of Com-
mons. The resolution having been carried unanimously, Mr.
F. O'Connor addressed the meeting. He observed, amongst
other things, that though Lord J. Russell's recent bill was
intended to catch the red coat of chartism, his lordship would
dud the old fox too cunaing to go into the trap.
During
the nine months be had been their representative he had not
been idle. OHe had been brought to bed of a very large
family." Here the speaker painted to the mob before him,
and his observation was received with laughter. Heathen
thanked them for the resolution they had passed ; i,
however, of requiring himself sympathy, it woe the House
of Commons by whom it MU required. The more he was
jeered the more would he be on his mettle. (Cheers.) The
reporters for the preen had a cloud over one eye st the
other was shut, so that they could not see nowhere. whil
They
bad one eye up the chimney and the othe Linn tie pot. At •
meeting a fortnight age, some estimated mbers to he
4,000, others 16,000, but a letter from the Commissioners of
Police reached the newspaper offices and the numbers came
out 15.000. (Hear, hear.) lie bad been told he was to be
shot at the Kennington meeting, yet the meeting was held
in defiance of the government end the polies. He had
been the cause in a great 'menial, of no blood having been
shed. If he had the power, he would take care that every
man should have employment; he would establish a system
that should be worth dying and living for. kCbeers.) The s
orator then proceeded to abuse the " base, bloody whig"
end the recent government bill. As he himself, he id,
eould not be spared from building houses for the poor,sa he
should take care not to be pounced upon and sent to the
hulks. He should confine himself to speeches in the House
of Commons. (Hear, hear.) Reporters did not represent
the truth of what paned in the House rat Commons, but he
would have a reporter of hi
ss own
Tire,ther who should report
his speeches verbatim. (Ce.) mde cla'Aes thmt
go the whole hart, and the bristles the charter and Lc,
surrender. (Cheers ) A memorial to the queen was then
adopted, and Dr. M'Dosall and the Rev. Thaddeus 0' Mel-
ley appointed delegates to the national assembly, alter which
the meeting dispersed.
WILTSHIRE.
BANK ROBBERY.—Yesterday, information was
forwarded to the metropolitan and City police, that on the
night of Friday last, or early the following morning, some
person or persons burglarious)y entered the premises of the
Chippenham branch of the Wiltshire and Dorsetshire Bank-
ing Company, and by means of skeleton keys opened the'
cash chest and abstracted notes of that bank. of 51., 101., and
201 to a large uneunt, besides 60111 valuable securities.
'rile note. weto signed, "B. Pinniger, rcanms r." A re-
ward of 2001. is offered fur the apprehmision and conviction
of the Weeder. and recovery of the bulk of the prop rty.
WORCESTERSHIRE.
TILE CHARTISTS IN WORCESTER.—Thie city being
one of the towns honoured by it. ',selection as one of the
forty-nine places returning delegates to the so-called " Chart-
ist Convention," a meeting was bald her. on Good Friday.
The attendance was meagre in the extreme ; end of those'
who were present, two-thirds attended out of cariosity,
and took no part in the proceedings. In fact, although
the chartists have been used to consider this city as one
of its strongholds, the tide of here
popularity has de-
cidedly turned against them, the working classes
being, genenlly 'peaking, a well-regulated, orderly, and
loyol set of men. The chartists hole nightly meetings in an
open space used as the corn.market, in the centre of the
town, where they dewoince the aristocracy, the parliament,
and the government ; and abuse the metropolitan press ter
misreporting them, and the local press fur not reporti, g
them at all. Their eroceedings• however, do not diaturl,
busines. in the slightest &gene The authorities leave them
alone, though they have not neglected adoring precautionary
measures. The Worcestershire Yeomanry Cavelry have been
ordered to be in readiness, in case their services should be
required on any emergency.
ESSEX.
CHARTIST MEETING ON DONLYLAND-HEATH.-10
accordance with rumours pl
acardswhi been afloat in the
borough during the past week, pl were posted yester•
day inviting a meeting on Donyland-heath, to receive an
explanation of the principles of the Pople Messrs. b's Charter,
Dono-
which
the notice went on to say would be given y
van and Dixon, members of the " National Convention " in
London. At eleven o'cloek, the hoar fixed for the proceed.
IMP to commence, there were only about fifty person., most
of them boys ecatteredover the heath; there was not &single
recognised Chartist to be seen; but about twelve o'clock a
group of leas than a dozen were observed in con-
sultation as tonic course beet to be adopted under such
truly disconraging circumstance!. Shortly afterwards
.

---------""*"'"
'sheeted even more than we have yet represented IL For a
great apparent increasei n the intrinsic value of an estate may
often arise from I. comparatively insapensive act on the part
of its cultivator. Draining, liming, Cr tutweiliog, will some-
times increase the value of land far beyond the cot of the
operation ; but notwithstanding thin no claim can juotly be
node for more than this cost; its effect has been so great, not
because it has added to the soil ant g, for which the
tenant paid, but because it developed and brought into action
that which,though dormant there, had a preoxutence as the
property of the landowner. The mat fertile soil, if blocked
up with water, loses its fertility; the roots of plants growing
on it will exhaust their respective localities of the food proper
for them, and then linger and die ; but break up this Buena-
tion, allow the water to circulate, as by drains g° you may,
and every successive shower will prepare fresh food, and as
it passes these roots furnish thWitt f
noth res su
added esby
ppli o
nourishment—of nourishment.
the tenant, but existing in the land before he came to
It.
The increased fertility cannot be claimed as the tenant's
own--the warehouse was full of food before his occupancy
—he was only at the expense of the key. Here, then, is •
new difficulty : who is to determine what. portion of the in-
creased value of the land is due to its cultivator as the addi-
tion et real material at his cost, and what portion of it is a
melterstion of character, due no doubt to him as the in-
strure meant, but which he could not have effected had not the
very biuds of that character already existed—the landlord'e
property—in the soil? It is too much the custom to regard
land in the country like land in the town as mere outriding
room for the property.of another. But this is not an seen-
rate comparison : it might indeed be accepted, and we might
still prove our point by reference to the increased value of
that land, quite independently of the tenant as wealth n
i-
creased in its neighbourhood. But consider wherein it is
faulty. Cultivated land is not mere standing room for a
crop—it is not the mere ground plan of a manufactory whose
machines and raw material are furnished by its tenant.
of this It-
owner is the man who furnishes a great part m
chinery,and of this raw material also: and in considering the
incroued value of this manufactory, as indicated by its in-
creased annual productiveness, to be all owing to the tenant,
it is forgotten that it is partly due to an increased use and
an increased consumption of •nother's property. The
soil is not mere standing room for the plants which
cover it: it is, even in its natural state—not to speak of that
in which its vresent tenant
lessmave received it—a store-
Louse of their mod more or accessible, and more or
less fully stocked; its fertility depends on both of these cir-
cumstances ; and while any improvement in the latter point
is readily out
at as due to the cultivator, it is too much
to suppose that he should be so willingly reimbursed
for an improvement in the former also—for that which
gives him a readier access to stores of anothees goods
as well as of his own. And the soil is not only a
warehouse of food :or plants—it is a laboratory, too,
rial and mate in which
that food is prepared: and it contains both
apparatus, the landlord's property, to which similar remarks
apply. Tenant-right is no doubt a reality; but we doubt if
it is capable of enforcement by legislation. We doubt if
any form of words will eV4 r be invented to define it with
justice so generally, and yet so definitely, as to be c ipalne of
application everywhere, and of misinterpretation uowbere.
The only period, we suspect, at which it can be enforced suc-
cessfully occurs to the case of every farmer just
ag b
refore he
enure his farm. It is a subject proper for vibrate eement
—not for public enactment. But what an absurdity. it seems
that we should speak of enforcing this matter as against land-
owners, when of all the parties to the occupation of land they
would benefit the most by an agreement which should leave it
in an improved condition. It is decidedly for their own interest
to be far more liberal in the encouragement of agricultural
improvement than any law is e
RKSHIRE.ver likely to be.
YO
WEST RIDING CHARTIST MEETING.—An aggre-
gate meeting of Yorkshire Chartios, or what that party
termed a .• Urea,. West Riilia.g Demonstration," took place
on Shircost-tno,r, ole,ut ,wo miles from Helen. G.) ,d
Friday heirs( a central holitliett in the tranos.notacturirg dis-
tricts, the day was peculiarly well ch for allo
ing the working closes to attend; the weather
also favourable ; and the placard promise of the at-
tendance of " Feargus O'Connor, Esq., M.P., Colo
Thompson. M.P.," and other orators, oombined with
other circumstances to draw together • large number
of persons. Probably altogether there were from 12,000 to
14,000 persons gathered together, some hundreds of whom,
however, were pleasure.seekero or mere idlers. IC even the
whole of the persons present load been in favour of the People's
Charter, the meeting was not a large one, considering that it
was" a West Riding demonstration." The various processions
of Chartists from Bradford. Huddersfield, Halifax, Ele,
and other places, were accompanied by bands of music, and
coloured and rattier flags, with the usual Chartist inscriptions.
Neither Mr. O'Connor, Colenel Thompson, nor any of the
mho r " grist guns" were pteseut, end the proce• dings set re
not merited hy any feature of striking inter, at. Ano moriol
to the queen was adopted, pray mg for the dismissal of
ministers, a dissolution of parliament, and soliciting her
majesty to call such persons to her councils as would make
Pa la's Charter a cabinet question.
CHARTIST MEETING AT LhEDS.—A public meet-
ing of " the inhabitants of the V.irough of Leeds," was called
by an anonymous placard, to be held yesterday, " at two
o'clock, on Woodhouse moor, a large plain, and a good mile
from the town, to consider the propriety of appointing one or
more persons to attends en behalf of the inhabitants, the na-
tional assembly which is to assemble on that day."" The
placard was headed, "We must have the charter; and,
amongst other matters, in calling on the people to assemble
in their thousands, it said that "the charter is coming
s nearer and nearer," and exhorting them to be firm, assured
them that " victory will be yours." According to announce-
ment, the promoters of the meeting assembled in thed
a Vicart
onagee
Market-place, from whence they were to procee
o'clock in procession to the moor, but owing to the meagre
numbers assembled, it was half-past one o'clock before any
..
a....
movement was made, and then, instead of proceeding direct mo. '
r.7Club, addiessing the*e assembled, said, ir ou are most
to the place of assembly, the procession, with music and
of you aware that it was the intention to hold a meeting
flame marched through some of the most densely populated
here to-day, in order to hear a deputation from the National
portions of the town, in the hope of increasing their
Convention explain and expound the principles of the People's
numbers by recruits amongst the holiday folk. I°- Charter, We announced this intention under • determine-
deed the whole affair was regarded as a piece of boll-
tion to hold this meeting, but as I have in my hand a letter
day. pastime, as not a single shop was closed, and
received from those gentlemen this morning, it will be my
business affairs appeared to go on as usual. Of course, the
duty to dissolve this meeting without detaining you any
magistracy were on the alert, but there was scarcely so
much of preparation for an imeute, and very much less fear ton
.ger. We regret sincerely that you have been diem-
Pointed. We had hoped, the deputation would have been
of it, than on the celebrated 10th of April. Owing to the ex-
here • and none regret their absence mere than the Executive
to
roate taken by the procession, it did not reach the
Council of the Colchester Charter Associatiom The &seem-
ground appointed for the meeting till mime time after the
hour fixed, and nothing had taken place worthy_ of mention bl (who did not at any time number many over a hundred)
immediatelyi.dispersed in different directions. Essex
. up to the period when our despatch was sent off.
EXTENSION OF THE SUFFRAGE.—A meeting wu 'Standard. SUSSEX.
held at Doncaster on Saturday, for the purpose of expressing A NEW TRlCK.—Lowton Lucas Was charged st the
Mr. Cubdeo, and to adopt some
eaflrrneit mofo:theeoratc:gotfhe middle and working classes, for Brighton Police Court
. last week with a felony under the
following curious mrcumstances.:—Eltanor Fielding, servant
procuring an extension of the suffrage and other vont% cal to Mr. T. Carter, pastrycook, St. James's-street, stated that
privileges. The meeting was numerously &Monied; by far behind the counter in the shop, when the
the greater portion being non-electors and working men.
on Friday she was
Prisoner came in, and asked for a bun. She gave him one,
The chair was taken by Mr. Chadwick, landowner, of
and he put down on the counter a eixpence, which she placed
Arksey, near Doncaster. by
observed that they had met for
in the till, having done which, she gaveim change. He
the purpose of supportiag Mr. Cobden against the insults of
then Raked for a pennyworth of sweets bead she turned
the placemen end pensioners in the Commons House of Par-
liament men who were more core to spend the round in order to reach them from a glass, when she heard a
people's money than to protect them from oppres- piece of silver rattle on the counter. On looking round she
observed near the till a sixpence, which she put into the till.
lion and spoliation. Resolutions were carried to
She then showed prisoner a glass containing peppermints,
the effect, that the meeting heartily approves of
and he said they were not large enough. The prisoner went
the views and principles of Mr. Golden on the questions
at war, hnance, and national expeaditure, and recommends Jett ; and she then sew • sixpence hanging out near thevel,
till,
and thought it was sticking to the counter. This, however,
an address to him. That the meeting, being deeply im-
was not the caw. About an hour afterwards she took out
pressed with the necessity for further reform, recommends
from the till about 21. worth of silver, which she placed in a
the formation of an association having in view the union of
bag, when the sixpence produced fell out on the other side,
the middle and working classes, the object of which should
he the extension of the suffrage, and other important re. rod she found that she had hold of a hair about 6 feet long,
forms. In reply to a chartist, named Buckle, who com- which sne took to Mr. Carter. On Saturday morning she saw
the prisoner pass the thop, and mentioned whathad happened to
plained that this resolution was not sufficiently definite, it
a Mr. Poole, who went alter the prisoner and gave him intocue
was explained by Mr. blarat, the proposer, and Mr. Blagdon,
the seconder, that the principles on which the people were rod y.—A policemen deposed that on the prisoner being brought
to the Hall he was searched, and in his pockets were two six-
to unite were--extension of the suffrage, equel electoral dis-
p.with hairs attached, some reels with hair wound
triets, vote by ballot, and triennial parliements. A corn-
round them, and some coins resembling sovereigns.--Mr.
mittee of electors and working men was then formed to draw
Bennett submitted that the evidence did not establish the
up rules; and t..e meeting separated. commission of an offence. No jury in the country would
Est:FF.l;lsta IN SHEFFIELD.The depressed state conic on it; and he therefore thought the prisoner ought
of trade and the aimmt complete annihilation of the futon not to he committed. At most, the affair was only a trick.
of the various trades' unions are beginaing to have a serious —Mr. Carpenter said there was no doubt that the sixpence
effect on the poor rates, and the expenditure is at present had been drawn from the till to the counter. It had there-
proceeding at the rate of 5,0001 a year more than in the cor- Mire been removed ; and a felony had been committed.—
respondiug weeks in 1846 and 1847. In the second week in Committed for trial.—The prisoner was charged with play-
April, 1847, the sum expended in relief on the out-poor was ieg a similar trick on Ruth Thompson, who keeps a shop in
2491., and last week the exprnditure was 3391. The number Edward-street. On Friday morning the prisoner paid for
of out-poor was last week 2,151, and the inmates in the work- an egg with a sixpence, and received bid. in change. He
house have this week increased to 823. The number in the then naked for • half-pint of table beer, which him. l'homp-
corresponding week in 1847 was 527 ; 308 in 1846; and 483 son, having placed the sixpence in the till, left the shop to
in 1845. The number of out and in door paupers is 2,974. procure from a back room. The prisoner drank the beer
DISCOVERY OF ROMAN REMAINS.—During the wed left the shop, whereupon Mrs. Thompson, thinking
.the
present week a Roman vault has been discovered, in fine observed something strange in his appearance, looked into
preservation, in an excavation near to Mr. Close's residence, the till, when she found that the sizpence had vanished.—
without the city walls, York. Labourers were employed Di lie was committed for trial on this charge also.
excavating gravel, to be used as ballast on the railway, and LENT
at a depth of about four feet from the surface they came to TREASURES IN THE FOLKESTONE CLIFFS.—Mr.
several large blocks of hammer-dressed stone. These being
Clutterbuck, who (says the Dover Chronicle) hes lately
removed they were found to compose the corer to a Roman
examined the lower green sand at Folkestone,
in order to
vault. The blocks (each weigh about half • ton), and are of
ascertain whether " the strata containing the phosphide of
Brit, proeably tr-rn Dramley-fall Pursuing the discovery.
lime," described by Mr. Paine, are to be Cooed there, says
it was foun.i that the sides were each composed of two blocks
the result of the search has been very satisfactory. It is
of stone, with .wo shorter blocks at the en I. The would well known that the green sand formation, comprising the
formed BD area of eight feet io length and three feet wide.
The vault was erected on he bed of gravel, here being no upper green sand, gault, and lower green rand, are largely
developed in the neighbourhood of Folkestone. The town of
stone under it. It was found that the vault had contained a
Folkestone is built in and upon the sides of a ravine, formes I
coffin, compowd of cedar•wood, which was greatly decayed. by the wearing of a small stream through the beds of the 1
This coffin had no lid, and the course of interment &peons to lower green sand. To the westward • natural section of this
have been, that the body, wrapped in cloth, had been thus
stratum forms the cliffs, which rise to an elevation of per- I
deposited in the coffin, which was six feet long by nineteen
taps 150 feet above the sea, the strata dipping to the east- I
inches wide. The coffin having been placed in the vault, for
ward. To the east of the town and harbour the lower green
II
the better presereation of the body. the whole had been
cased in concrete, poured into the vault and coffin in a liquid sand is capped by a bed of gault, which is again partially I
covered inland by • knoll of the upper green sand and trace
state, and as it hanlened forming a pertect shield. On re-
of chalk marl above it. on which a martello tower is built.
moling this concrete, which was done with the greatest The gault forms • great portion of the upper part of the face
care, a skull and several bones, in a very perfect state, were
of the cliff to the eastward of the town, dipping conformably
discovered. The lower jaw had a clete set of beautully with the lower green sand is that direction to the tide level.
formed web, and the upper jaw alas presented some fine
Immediately between the putt and the lower green sand, or
teeth. On the plaster was an excellent me of the bode."
rather at the top of the latter, is a continuous ream, varying
some of vehicle is preserved enure, and develops the form o
from six to twelve inches in depth, containing a number of
the shoulders most acturately. Tne texture of the cloth in
amorphous neaulee, fossils, &c., which there is reason to be-
which the body bad been wrapped, is also shown on the
litre coincides with the 'bed iscovered by Mr. Paine, at
lime. The directors of the railway. company have presented Farah... By a „jot away.. .... nodal. appear to
to the Yorkshire Philoophicsl Society mese remains.
CIIF.SEURE. contain a large per centage of plhosphate of lime, a small
DISCLOSURES BY THE MURDERER BATES—The quantity of carbon. eof lime, a moderate quantity of iron,
and other substances, such as are detailed in the scientific
execution of the murderer Bates, alias Burke, has been account already published. At one spot only that our oor
already reported in this paper. It appears that before his respondent has tound is this seam to be traced on the sea-
deatb,the culprit made some important disclosures &fleet- shore where wiutheet by the tide. It is possible that there
Mg the present position of two persons tried at the late
may be other beds to be seen when the tido are very low.
Liverpool assize', andnow under !sentence of transportation.
The following has been published : A considerable quantity of these nodules (continues the
mos and Mawdaley, alias walnuley, have confessed that they tar
Cl‘r°l4.le. ) might be easily collected and removed, as
of the cliff have lately fallen, in consequence
use bop implicated in various highway robberies, and there is res. large portions . . . down . e .t to e .
er
with
son for believing nut they are the Paities who muted such apprehen- of the heavy rains bringing he gaui ~g te
sloe Its the minds of the inhabitant. et this neighbourhood during fragments of the seam or band of nodules, which Be on the
Molest winter. At the tart
bb ....." "'Ore.'" were tried shore in messes of various sizes, some weighing many tithe
ulna
ceenated of highway robbery, and sentenced to 15 years' trans.
.„., dredweight. To the westward the same band may be traced
11"ediarfiea' it ix. turn. sa;
are rialaree&lnweear; --- aloe the top of the cliffs, covered only by the natural oil,
awr II" Y ha" maimed that
il'el
were
y gull' and • • at a gateway does to the thatch, awl *mad-
podia. The news sty the mama claw as rutRAM to