The Express.
London, England, 1865-04-04 00:00:00

TORN BROCIDSN'S PARIS FIRST CLASS
ikP sad LONDON PAU/ NlDAULltaaatactary, Hop
1110, Novint Laudon, W.C. atuditahmeat
b dotal at 6, sad oa fellffll at 1 o'clock.

ÜBJUMBIER I you will see your friends at
Lb ZITANIr sitar ts Opirs. We shall sup aim

the Orpreos.

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BATIMILICCT.
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WOMAN IN MACY& Mart &Ahem tioakrtamt
and Compton Mari,
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Tins iv wow HIANT-DSZING3 AND VIDDLNIITRINON.
—ARRAN NA POGUIL News. D. DoiAmen, Rffora&D.
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H. Vaadenboft, D. flaw, D. Nana, Daybook. monsjg)
BowAcquat and Was Olver.—Aad AK AMPLZ AruLOGY.

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THE DIOUNTIBANY, lawhit& Mi. tackler willsrtorat the
priacipal character. Boa calks apace diar from 11 6.

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HIGH WAX AT LONDON-BRIDGIL
TWO DAT Wanda ID. Ila....Alkmas. Sh. 61a.
TO
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HA. Ilia.....Abasooo. DD. ula.

LONDON, TUESDAY, APRIL 4.

teinty of the river, and their owners ...r_
at times that their motive polio Fa
half a mile round the mill the land is leak to
swamp, whether the water is backed as of old, or
got rid of as fast as possible in all relay seasons
now. But worse, in the opinion of the dwellers
in the Thames basin, is the decay of their trading
by means of their highway. The navigation
is utterly ruined, they ail ; and they have
lost a fine trade thereby. Worst of all,
say the doctors and the clergy, and all sensible
and benevolent citizens of the great towns and
busy villages along its course, is the calamity to
the public health of the state into which the river
and its fertile and beautiful basin have fallen.
Fever and ague, rheumatism and cholera, spring
up whore once health was the natural condition of
the inhabitants.
All that fair country which lies between the
uplands that enclose the valley of the Thames is
thus suffering morally, commercially, and in the
health, wealth, and pleasures of its inhabitants by
the mismanagement or neglect of the river itaelf.
Dr. ACLLND, in whose company the Prinoe of
WALL% followed up so many foreign waters, has
spoken out about this our domestic river—so dear
to both the Windsor and the Oxford man t His
words are listened to by others besides the Panics ;
and he is backed by other high authorities. There
is no question, as fir as we have ever heard, of
the necessity of a sensible and scientific River-
System, if we are to benefit, and not suffer by
the natural drainage of our country. Let us
begin with the Thames basin, regulating the course
and flow of the waters from the springs in
the Cotswolds to the junction of the Thames
with the salt water. The London sewage
must be conveyed away in a channel of its own ;
but we can do little or nothing with the Thames
itself at any point of its lower course, except by
ooming down from the upper. Cases we begin
at the beginning, we shall mix more or leas of
harm with any good that we do ; for the reforms of
lower portions of a stream are often obtained at
the cost of injury to the higher. Let the Pam-a
and the whole company assembled this day, there-
fore, rejoice in the great work so admirably
done ; but always as the first reform of a series
—as the removal of one evil of many--as a mis-
chief which would not have been taken in band
first, but for its enormous magnitude. Mr. T.
Mazza diesoz4 has moved for a Committee to
inquire into the management of the Upper Thames.
Let us hope that they may so work as that the
Pluses may one day stand at the springs among
the hills, and follow down the restored royal river
to the sea, finding it secured at every point by
science, utilised by commerce and convenience,
and at once more wholesome than ever to the folk
who live beside it, and more lovely and inspiring
than ever to the poet and the angler, and the
oarsman, who repair to it for sweet holiday, in
autumn mornings and starry nights.

THE act which the Prime of WALES has performer
to-day is in every view worthy of his position and
dignity. To open the Main Drainage Works of ear
metropolis is to do the most that can be dose by a
single movement for the health of its inhabitants,
and the life of no small number of them. It is
one of the honours of our time that, after • series
of mistakes, and • host of fearful consequences,
we have pledged ourselves to purify our royal river,
and our imperial city is promised pure air and
sweet water. The observances of this day may
be regarded as an act of penitence and reparation
for the sins of our ignorance and haste, and a pledge
of good intentions towards the public health
from this day forward. It is to be supposed that
the Pauses, and every member of the legislature,
and every enlightened citizen present at the open-
ing of the works to-day, is aware that the relief
of the Thames from the sewage of London is one
of several procedures necessary to restore to the
river its proper quality, and to its shores the
wholesomeness, beauty, and productiveness which
they once had. This first striking achievement is
perhaps the greatest ; and it is so great that there
may be some excuse for people who are careless
about what must follow, and unoonscious of the
novelty, the magnitude, and the embarrassment of
the task which must and will be accomplished
sooner or later—of organizing the water system of
the whole Thames basin. Enough has been said
and done within the last few weeks about the con-
dition of the Upper Thames to satisfy us that
many who were present to-day are aware that
they are witnessing only the first stage of • vast
national work ; and it would add to the weight
and influence of the proceedings of the day if some
of the speakers were to make this avowal, openly
and impressively.
What we have already done is this. Discover-
ing, at the bidding of scientific and benevolent
men, that in all our populous towns we were living
in foul air, and subjecting even our wells to defile-
ment by the way in which we formed accumula-
tions of filth in pits, we took the first advice
offered us, and altered our domestic drains so as to
carry off the filth to the nearest stream, and in
London, of course, to the Thames. By the former
practice we poisoned the air everywhere, and a
good deal of the water; and by the latter method
we poisoned the water everywhere, and as much of
the air as its stenches could reach. During this
interval various discoveries were made, having an
important bearing on what we should do
next. We now know that common earth
is the best deodorising agent yet applied
to sewage ; and, again, that sewage is
a powerful fertiliser of the soil. The works to
be opened to day were undertaken with the single
object of relieving both the city and the river of
the sewage of a vast population. The cost and
the enormous labour would be well bestowed on
this single purpose, always provided that the refuse
really was conveyed completely away ; but the in-
terest of the celebration is much heightened by
the new prospect of the sewage being made, not
only to respect human health and life, but to
create new supplies of food for the support of more
life. Whatever may be the precise methods
adopted at first for applying this manure to pas-
toral and agricultural purposes, there can be no
real doubt in anybody's mind of the destination of
sewage being fixed from this time forth, and its
essential uses at length ascertained. Whether it
shell be engrossed by farmers, or spread abroad
over meadows, or deposited on sands to convert
them into green fields, we all understand that it is
to be cured of its stench, snd converted into sweet
milk and butter, or wholesome bread or beef.
All this will take some time, perhaps, but it will
be done ; and when it is done people will be sur-
prised to find how much remains to be done.
There is our royal river, once so queenlike—pure,
tranquil, majestic, yet gentle and winning,
engrossing the love of all poete—what is its aspect
now t At three miles south of Cheltenham, at the
foot of the breezy hills, we may still see it pure ;
and here and there below we may recognise some-
thing of our beloved Thames in some brimming
reach of its channels, and some tranquil windings I
His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador and
among the meadows ; but elsewhere, what wreck I
and ruin, and mischief done and suffered ! The Thier&dkaileEtiihfularasbassy i. had a atop-square. „lastnicycoanwiacgre part the
fish with which it was once all alive have no more _His Excellency the Austrian Ambassador and the Conn.
encouragement—no better means of living—in tee. Appooyi, his Excellency the French Ambassador, his
the upper course of the river than among the Excellency the Spuds& Minister sad Madams Comps,
drains, and gasworks, and chemical works his Excellency the Mexican Minister, his Excellency the
of London and its suburbs. The rivers Italian Minister, Lieutelant-Geteral Hon. Sir Edward
Cast, Mr. sad Mrs. Hammond, Mr. Laynrd, M.P., Rear-
which replenish it no longer come down pure ; for
Admiral R. S. Robinsoo, Major-General Francis Seymour.
they, too, have flowed past towns and factories or I ea; ma Said 8. Rey;
ou
The
Earl and Cnter
works, and have brought down their dirt. Its I Rumen were prevented from attending the dinner party by
channel is subjected to new dangers by the ops- gnus in their family. His Excellency the Russian Am-
ration of agricultural drainage which destroys all i baseador was also prevented by indisposition from beteg
regularity in the flow, and discharges the waters, j Prossellt-
not by a constant dribble but in occasional floods. I The Countess Wachtmeister gave birth to a son
Then follow the mischiefs of an impaired channel, I on the Zed instant at the residence of the Swedish and
Legation, Tee countess sad intent are pro-
obstructed in one place, and deprived of its ' Nwwegian
grassing
favourably.
banks in another. The scenery exhibits shoals
The Earl
and Countess Spencer will entertain a
in the stream, the crumbling down of the margin, ,
distinguished party at Althorp Hall, Norttaniptossehire,
by which the muddy and unfragrant waters spread during the prompt ma..
themselves lazily over green meadows, which they The marriage of Viscount Chelsea with Lady
convert into • sickly swamp. Boating has lost ire Beatrice Craves will take place an the 10th el next month.
pleasure whera the channel is choked with an in- I Viscount and Viscountess Grey de Wilton will
domitable new weed, or where the mud stinks stay at Egan°. Lodge until after Croxton Park Rams,
OD the banks, or as it is stirred up from the bottom. when they return to town for the seasoo.
Where there was a steady flow before there is A Mr. Davis has just been sent out of Rome in
now a" stagnant overflow. Where there were a very
ex summary manner. He was to have recited sc Jogai
deep reaches there is a sunk waterway, with a ‘,411..Lbb
it
tself, for
.ihel !lames drama,
chain of pools. There are lock-gates hanging awry, 71. vb": Leer
of 'Rem.; rbt.....aaterbie per ,
and breaking op wherever there are breaches to let which was coarse saver granted. eeswe.t_lte__
the water through ; and weirs in fragments, letting toted in the large loom of the Hotel d. Ruses ; b7t.".o:e
the waters eddy round their remains, but rendering polies authorities took Oases at his lecture, sad ordered
DO service to the mill above. The water-wheel to aix him ont of Rome in twesty-fenrs. bean, a meted *Asada
looks as if it was hoisted up to dry and crack, or at the mixes MEGA day
be overgrown with weeds,. Where the are
derlttc:s Yea. ru mntirQ
ed at the Liverpool &96/AS yestee.
Edward James, •c world be a candidate air
working order they are embarrassed by the uneer- Rochdale hi the liberal taws*.

sip cam

1
9

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AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE PERUVIAN.
(Via (itetequila.)

The following us the heeds of the news brought
by the Psrarion :

of their Nopeilskeice and maintenance
*So ♦• bill was also paired sitEMis
ing the Secregry of the Treasury to borrow three
millions in coin for the army supplies. If so much
cannot be borrowed in gold and silver coin, gold
dust and foreign bullion will be taxed 25 per cent.
It is reported that two British subjects, named
Pratt and Green, were arrested in New York on
their arrival from Nassau, and incarcerated in Fort
Lafayette, charged with aiding the equipment of
the rain Stonewall. A military commission will
try them.
Advice. received here from New Orleans state
that General Walled had left on a special mission
to Matamoras to make arrangements for the sur-
render of the refugees.
It is denied that Cortinas has abandoned the im-
perial cause.
The Tribune says the semi-official Mexican papers
contradict the cession of Sonora to France.
It is reported from Halifax that the Nova Scotian
government, abandoning the hope of an early union
of the provinces, will submit the federation scheme
to the maritime provinces only.
The Toronto Globe thinks this will compel the
Canadian government to adopt a new policy on the
whole subject.
The Australasian has arrived out.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK. Limo 25, 5 P.m.
Money easy. Gold 157. Exchange on London,
1621. Stocks slightly firmer ; New York Central,
91; Illinois, 991 ; Erie, 56 ; 5-20 United
States Bonds, 105 g. Cotton dull ; middling Up-
land, 40. Flour doll. Wheat good inquiry.
Corn quiet. Provisions slightly firmer. Coffee
heavy. Sugar and molasses dull. Petroleum
quiet ; crude, 33 ; refined, 53.
Stocks and the markets generally have slightly
rallied from the late extreme depression.

NEW YORK, Knox 25, EVI2IIIIG.

Johnstone reports that he had attacked and de-
feated Sherman near Bentonville, capturing three
Buns. Sherman rallied, and remained entrenched
'n Johnstone's front.
Southern papers report that Hardee had gained a
victory on the 16th at Averysboro'. Ihe Federal
lose was 3,000, that of the Confederates smalL
It is reported that Sherman had occupied Golds-
boro', and the Federal' Mobile.
Gold, 156 f.

NEW YORK, Meson 26, Momma.
The Ridtmond Dispatch states that Sherman
has made no further advance, and that no more
fighting has occurred since Johnstone repulsed
Sherman on the 19th. It also states that Hardee
gained a very important victory on the 16th at
Averysboro' on the Cape Fear River, halfway be-
tween Raleigh and Fayetteville.
Johnstone telegraphs that the Federate lost in
that engagement 3,300 men, and the Confederates
460.
The Raleigh papers describe the battle of the
16th as having taken place near the junction of
the Black and South rivers on the Fayetteville and
Goldsboro'-road, 15 miles below Bentonville.
Sherman attacked Hardee in his entrenched position
and madethreedesperate charges, and was each time
repulsed with great slaughter. Some acoounte
state that in this engagement Bragg's troops were
driven back, compelling Hardee likewise to retire to
prevent his being flanked, and that Hardee in
withdrawing abandoned two guns for want of trans-
portation. Other papers say that Hardee aban-
doned nothing, and that the Federal. were fairly
and completely beaten. In the engagement of the
19th inst. both main armies are stated to have been
present. Sherman was advancing towards Raleigh
in two columns, one moving due north from Fay-
etteville, the other north-west from Newbern.
Hardee fought the former and Johnstone the
latter.
Richmond papers of the 23rd state that Golds-
boro' had been evacuated, but was not occupied by
Sherman.
Northern papers report that Sherman occupied
Goldsboro' on the 19th, and regard the successes
claimed by Johnstone as unimportant. They think
the result will prove favourable to the Federal&
A report reached Memphis yesterday from Holly-
spring that Mobile had been evacuated, and that
the city, with an immense quantity of war material,
was in possession of the Federal..
The 4th Army Corps was marching from Knox-
ville to join the Western Virginia campaign.
Stoneman's cavalry, 6,000 strong, have left
Knoxville, and are moving towards Western Vir-
ginia. Ten thousand Federal cavalry have left
Eastport, Mississippi, to destroy the remaining
railroads in Alabama and Mississippi.
Two negro companies have paraded at Rich-
mond, and the impression was that they would
make good soldiers.
The Confederates claim successes in Florida and
Louisiana.
Mr. Lincoln's visit to Grant has caused the re-
newal of peace rumours. ANOTHER PAPAL ALLOCUTION.
The Montreal Gazette reiterates the statement MEXICO AND ITALY.
that Federal agents are ascertaining the views of
The Journal de Rome of the 29th ult. brings us
the Canadians on the annexation of Canada to the
the Latin text of the allocution delivered by the
United States, and that Robert J. Waller had in •
Pope the secret Connstory held on the 27th.
visited Canada with that object. The Pope, touching on Mexican affairs, said :
The steamer Matilda has been captured. Although we have been greatly afflicted, spinet our be-
The Hamm takes out 135,000 dots. in specie. lief and expectation, by the sad things which have hap-
NEW YORK. Massa 26, Evicting°. penal lately in the Mexican empire, despite the dernonstra-
Johnstone reports on the 20th that on the even- beloveda illiel
eon intellimea several
esus ,t, atre"FanehepLarteo7 demensiwohy our
ing of the previous day he attacked and defeated the nevertheless do not deem it our duty now to speak at large
enemy near Bentonville, capturing three guns. "The thereupon, for we are consoled by the hope that the Emperor,
enemy rallied on fresh troops a mile in the rear, seriously remembering that the catholic religion and
but was forced slowly back until 6 p.m., when re- Its salutary doctrines contribute powerfully to the
°siring reinforcements be apparently assumed the temporal prosperity and tranquillity of peoples, will
wish to abandon the . path on which be has h
and
until which was resisted without difficulty
pdy entered, and satisfy our very just desires and
until dusk. This morning the enemy entrenched
demands by acceding to the prayers and requests of that
himself. Our loss is small. The troops behaved eetholic nation, by rebuilding the church from its ruins,
admirably, but a dense thicket prevented active protecting its venerable rights, its liberty, its sacred
operations." bishops, its ministers, and its institutions, end by especially
The Northern journals regard the engagement maintaining en intimate concord with the bishops, as the
teachers of religion and justice, and as la so well becoming a
merely as a repulse of Sherman's advanced guard.
eathae Priam'
Schofield has advanced from Kinston, and joined
The Pope then goes on to praise those bishops
General Sherman, forming the right wing of the
wbo have defied civil authority where the privileges
latter's army. of the church have been touched. He says :
Deserters report General Hoke to have been
These venerable brethren, united by unshaken affection
killed. Bragg bad 40,000 men before Kinston,
and respect to us and to this church of Peter, mother and
with whom he attacked Schofield outside that town. mistress of all churches, not frightened by any danger or
He intended to march into Newbern. A thousand trial, and putting all human cousideratious aside, utterly
refugees were on their way to Wilmington. unconcerned as to utiust decrees promulgated by civil
The wharves on the landing between Fayette- authority against the church, glory highly in intrepidly
ville and Wilmington are piled with resin, turpen- defending and sustaining, either by word of month
or by writings, the truth and catholic unity,
tine, and cotton valued at several millions. our rights and powers, the authority, the supreme
Deserters report that there was an organised liberty of the !church and of this apostolic me.
army of deserters in the western portion of North In letters recently written either to us or to
Carolina. the faithful committed to their care, they openly
Lee and Grant's armies are reported ready to and publicly glory in rejecting and condemniss the
move. things which are condemned by us, and am not weary in
Pi poe ng themselves with sacerdotal strength to the criminal
The Confederates have erected a battery for
apposing
and efforts of men who are our enemies, inculcating
firing on the railway trains running from City healthy doctrise upon the faithful, and guiding them in
Point to Hatcher's Run, the shell, however, fall the path, of safety.
short. These just praiser are due, first of all, to the venerable
Lincoln is visiting Grant at City Point, it is said bishops of Italy ; for though exposed to the gravest in-
for the benefit of hie health. juries and perseoutioe, and harassed in every masseur,
nietry, they have never ceased to
Sheridan is preparing another movement for the w
purpose, it is supposed, of intercepting Johnstone's arrays fuiltfihlli specialug tb eir
ulianimity the episcopal voice, to
atrocity protest against all the condemnable and most us-
retreat. just laws promulgated by the sob-Alpine government towards
The Confederate force appeared at White House the church, its sacred institutions, its ministers, its rights,
yesterday, manifesting great activity, and whoa the almost innumerable, sad in every respect
Richmond papers say that Sheridan had not sacrilegious acts of audacity committed by the ease germa-
n:lent. The same bishops of Italy, with truly marvellous
damaged the Orange and Alexandria Railroad so
energy and constancy, valiantly combating for Jesus Christ
much as was anticipated. and his church, in their solicitude for the safety of their
A combined land and naval attack was expected flock, fear not to suffer even exile, prison, and all other
to be made on Mobile on the 22nd. tribulations, following in this the illustrious footsteps of the
The despatch boat Laura made a reconnaissance apostles, who wr,..t_jayously away from the Presence of the
On the Bth, within four miles of Mobile, drawing a enesulf because .....re
Hamm ofh
Jades been made worthy to suffer out-
us.
heavy fire from the Confederate batteries lining rage7gr, while sympathising with all OUT heart in the grave
the harbour. sorrow, of those reparable brethren, and while considering
The Confederate Congress has replied to President their sufferings as our sufferings and mixing our taus with
Davis's message, stating that they will defend their thei,
of lineadacercies .sderioodhnofmauhle alanahationts ths belov
babes ed
action on all legislative questions. They blame
nee I Fatherthe catholic bish in virtue of a special help of
Davis for want of promptitude in making known i who are so affectionate to us sod this Holy See, showing
the wants of the country, and censure the ; themselves strong for the spirit of the faith, and fighting
admonitions contained in his message as being cal- ; with manliness for the defences of the Holy Church.
culated to create discord and dissension. President ! In the meantime you, venerable brethree. in such
Davis, replying to the notification of the adjourn- ' calamitous times, in ti
mes of loch Pont peril for souls.
matinee accordiag to your excellent piety, in it
to
meat of Congress, says that, so far as Congress had
offer with us fervent prayers to God, that by His Almighty
not acquiesced in the opinions expressed in his power. He may aid and console this Apostolic See exposed
recent message, he hoped it would prove he was to so many outrages, the Church torn by so many wounds,
mistaken, and that he purposed to defend and pro- sod Christianity aid the civil Commonwealth afflicted by
tect the country to the full extent of his powers so marry calamities, —in order that, mercifully shedding
and resources. arm all the treemires of His divine gram, sad of his
The Confederate Congress has lamed an en- marry, He may canes ell Pee Plea all attic"' to &eke"-
Wee, love, and venerate Him end He whom He has met,
°enraging address to the people declaring that the Hy see. our Lord Jesus Christ ; sad that, °wimp( all His
conquest of the Confederacy is geographically im- prompts with diligence, they may eater epos the toed that
practicable. Confidence is expressed for the achieve- i labs* is life

Mih6.