The Express.
London, England, 1849-03-29 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, MAR. 29.

Timm =1 be little doubt, whatever the result of
the probably brief campaign in North Italy, that the
Piedmontese have been out-generalled, and that the
monarch, as well as hie Polish generalissimo, acted
upon erroneous or insufficient informntioo. CILARLES
Ammar, to be sure, by his voluntary rupture
of the armistice, was necessitated to advance,'
and arnme the offensive. And it was but
natural to suppose that he would do so, as
had been done in the preceding campaign, and by
NAPOLEON, namely, advance along the right bank of
the Po to points beyond its cooffnencs with the nn-
merman rivers that now from the Alp.. If CHARLES
ALBERT did not adopt this course, there remained for
him bat to march straight upon Milan, and, if un-
resisted, raise the hardy mountain population of Lom-
bardy, more enthusiastic and inimical to the Austrians
than those in the towns upon the Po. It might have
been insagined that the Piedmontese general would have
dons either one or the other ; but wto could have sus-
pected that he would have done both? If there
was not fatuity in his declaration of war, there has
been fatuity in his fleet operations.
Marshal RAI:m.l.Bo shoe ed more skill. He gui,ted
Mi!an with a rude, bat public adieu. He talked of
going to Turin, but he marched northwards to Paris,
as if to oppose and watch the progress of the Pied-
montese south of the Po. This was but a feint. Learn-
ing
that,whilat the right wing of the Piedmontese was
advancing from Alexandria, its kft was many miles
off, erosion the Tessin to proceed to Milan, the'
marshal flung his wh le force across the ricer, and
took post between them at Mortara. Thie to called
the Piedmontese, and has led to a series of battles
between RADLTSKI and that portion of the Royal
army which was maraud upo3 Milan, or was
observing the movements cf the Aust. ians along the
river.

In one of these actions it is admitted that the Pied-
montese bad the advantage; that the Duke of SAVOY
and General Bus eucomded in routing the Austrians
and in making many prisoners. In another combat
the Piedmont/me not en'y admit they were repulsed,
but censure a part of their troops for not having taken
their due share of the fight, whilst others actually ran
away. This is frank, but is not calculated to inspire
hopes of Piedmontese triumph.
These actions took place on the 21st. The 22nd
was apparently spent by the Kura in concentrating
what troops his orders could reach. And rumours
have come of a more decisive battle on the 23rd, in
which the Piedmontess are said to have been defeated.
In a bulletin, which we published yesterday, we
were led toexpecta redeeming and scientific maxceuvre,l
by which Geo. CIIRZONOWSKI would unite his severed
wings,and cutting off tte communication of the enemy
force bim to return and attack. The aeccunts which
arrive, however, of the engagement of the 23rd, afford
no traces of this', but represent the fight as one under-
taken by the Piedmonteae to &puts the advance of
Ranirrsia upon Turin.
In all this there seems to have been a lamentable
deficiency of purpose and of skill, and indeed the ex-
perience of the year tends to show that armies are led
to slaughter with even less sagacity and aim than is
shown in taxation or repression, or any of the other
bungled duties of internal administration.

Mn. COBDEN calls the attention of parliament this
evening to the desire of a large, growing, and influen-
tial number of persons, that arbitration clauses should
be introduced into treaties, and that the settlement of
differences arising out of them should be provided for
by other means than the extreme of wer.
The first objection to such a proposal will no doubt
be started by those who can imagine nothing fusible
or good that has not been sanctioned by routine. Arbi-
tration clause., these gentlemen will argue, are un-
known in diplomacy :—natural enough, as diplomacy
of old was of that kind of empiric medicine which
merely gives temporary easement to a malady, afford-
ing at the same time every facility for its
breaking oat afresh, and for the physicians
being called in again. Arbitration clauses were
unknown at Utrecht, at Munster, at Aix-la-Chapelle,
and at Vienna in 1814 and 1815 ; and had they been
known they would have been scouted. The negotiat-
ing parties at these oongresses were, in act, not na-
tions bat monarchs and dynasties • and to monarchs
and dynasties war is a game of chance that they like
:mislay, or have the menu of playing with
opportunities. The game, in fact, forms
put of the profession of the abooluest monarch.
Soldiers are his pawns, knights and rooks his field-
marshals and diplomatists. To propose arbitration in
lien of war to such people wore much the same as to
bid the Sciatic Amen to plough up their hunting
grenade, or one of our squires to threw open his pre-
serves. Their occupation would be gone.
But whenever congresses become, as they cannot
fail to become, the meetings of the representatives of
meow, and of national and popular interests in lien of
merely dynastic ones, then, we will be bound to say,
that proposals for arbitration and arbitration clauses
in treaties will be not only brought forward, but lis-
tened to and entertained. 'the unbounded privilege
of wades war is a monarchic end aristocratic fashion;
the lasesased facilities for keeping peace are a demo-
tes& invention, and we are not surprised to see the
Iln width the Americans take in cherishing and
the idea.
P however, by these arguments, we are not
• git to parliament. A majority that in-
sists on twenty millions sterling for military expenses
in pesos must be opposed to a scheme of arbi-
tration. This, however, will not be said ; it
would be too outrageous an argument. We shall
therefore be told that our columns are full of mili-
tary bulletins, that armies are moving, generals
scolding each other like Homeric heroes—kings
carried away, here by popular, there by the military
ant--end that an eclogue on a battle-field were
not mere incongruous than discassiug arbitration
louses daring the very heat of a campaign.
To lids we need but reply, that the apteet
time der discussing the best kind, spirit, and condi-
tion at treaties, is precisely that which necessitates
and therefore preludes the conclusion of, fresh
treads". War must end in negotiation, and war
would not take place if equitable negotiations were at
the conimaad of both parties. Cusaims Auinnes,
best excuse for going to war has been the
reheat of his foe to negotiate. And it is n t unrea-
sonable, in the present unsettled state of Europe, to
put leeward a great principle that offers a moral
gurantee to stipulations, which are evidently at
prwat at the mercy of the great powers to up-
hold or interpret them as they please. We
mina that it may be difficult to get these
rat powers to consent to clauses of arbitration.
We adroit that, even after having consented, many
may be tempted to set them aside: Tet we always see
them Itemises to set themselves right with public
, *Um, especially at the commencement of hostilities;
and setting sale an arbitration clause would be so de-
cidedly the way to declare themselves wrong that we
do think the most violent would shrink from it.

We are also willing to admit that there are coun-
tries and cases to which arbitration treatise are inap-
plicable. The tight ci Russia to sequester Poland, of
Austria to rob and crash the Italians, can never
be upheld by, anything but the sword. And arbitra-
tion is as idle, as treaties themselves are void,
when founded on the denial of the plainest
right of latices and of humanity. But because an
arbitration treaty cannot be concluded between the
lion and the lamb, it does not follow but that powers
not necessarily unjust or inimical to each other may
conclads them. Nay, in this way, the possibility and
the existence of the arbitration guaranteed in treatie
would be proofs of the fairness and justice of these
treaties and of the relations sanctioned by them.