The Express.
London, England, 1847-07-17 00:00:00

Eht eproig.

The mails for Britieh North America., Derinada, and the Tidied
dtates, will be made up on the evening of the 19th July.
The overland mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Wands,
Orin, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hoeg-Kong, and China, ria Southampton,
will be mode up on the morning of the 20th July.
The overland closed Mat, as Wawalea, to the Meditemuman,
ggypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong Kong, Ac., sill be made up on the
evening of the 21th July.
The mails for 'lgo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar
will be made up on the morning of the 27th July.
The malls for New South Wales, Van Dielfleel'i Land, and Nes
lea'snd will be made up on the senmits of the 31st July.
The Weet India imimiler throe for Mexico, Honduras, and
the l ',mash, will be mole up ma the meriting of the 2nd August.
The mails for the Brut* the Leer Plate, Monte Video, Yana:s-
how, Halals Madeira, and Dram Ayres, will he made ap on the
evening of the 4th August

EllOll WATTS AT LONDON-lIIIDOT..
Tole Da • —Montag. SS WA pont 4. Attorvoos, 16 ode. put S.
To Yossis& 34 Woo pan S Afteraoos. WA. post S.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 17.
IN the House of Lords yesterday the new regulation
for receiving messages from the Commons was
adopted. The bills were brought up en mane, in-
stead of individually, as heretofore, and a list of them
read by the clerk at the table. This system is a great
improvement on the old one, in consequence of the
time which will be saved by it, while the Lord Chan-
cellor will be relieved to the extent of having to make
but one journey to the bar and back to the woolsack,
instead of many.—A conference was held on the sub-
ject of the Punishment of Vagrants (Ireland) Bill :
and the Mussel Fisheries (Scotland), and Holyhead
Harbour Bills, were read a third time and passed. •
In the House of Commons, Lord J. RUSSELL, in
answer to /sir. B. OSBORNE, stated, se was understood,
that the decree issued by the Queen of Portugal, for
the suspension of the liberty of the press, and the
guarantee of liberty to individuals, would only con-
tinue in force until permanent arrangements could be
made, and that it was true that the French and
Spanish ambassadors bad protested against the con-
vention concluded by Colonel Wylde at Oporto.—A
discussion on Metropolitan Improvements ensued at
the instance of Sir R. H. INGtis.—A further debate,
originated by Mr. HUME, took place on the case of the
ex-Rajah of Sattara, in the course of which Lord
J. RUSSELL made the atnetule honorable to the hon.
member for Montrose, for certain observations the
noble lord had made in reference to him in the former
debate on this subject. The noble lord intimated
with respect to the Poor-law Administration Bill,
that he should on Monday, in moving the considera-
tion of the Lords' amendments, propose to re-insert
the clause preventing the separation of man and wife
in workhouses, when above sixty years of age, but not
that which had also been struck out by the Lords,
providing for the admission of rate-payers to the meet-
ings of guardians. The adjourned debate on the
question of going into committee on the Bishopric of
Manchester Bill was then resumed, upon which ques-
tion the house at length divided, when the motion was
carried by a majority of 63 to 18. In committee, the
preamble of the bill was taken first instead of last,
according to precedent, at the suggestion of Sir J.
GRAHAM, who moved the omission of the words
having reference to three additional bishopric a
somewhat lengthy and strong debate ensued,
the committee dividing, when the amendment
was lost by a majority of 132 to 33.
Various motions for impeding the progress of the
bill followed, upon one of which, for reporting pro-
gress, the committee divided, when the motion was
negatived by 129 to 18. At length the house re-
sumed, when the further proceedings with the bill, in
which no progress had been made, was adjourned to
Monday.

THE three great questions of education, of punish-
ments, and of the poor-law, are, in reality, closely
bound up together, so that it is impossible to enter-
tain views in support of a plan of reform and progress,
with respect to one, without instantly looking to the
probable effect upon the others.
An article in the last Edinburgh Review treats of
punishments, which it looks upon much in the 811118
light that this journal has done. It deprecates the
sickly humanity which shrinks from severe or
capital punishment, as a thing in itself intolerable,
and which proceeds from this sentiment to argue,
that severe punishments are as ineffectual as cruel.
It also scouts the ides, which, carried too far, is cer-
tainly preposterous—viz., that reform of the criminal
should be the great object of penality, instead of
looking to the protection of society as the first aim.
The reviewer, however, errs, we think, in a contrary
direction. He is much too severe and condemnatory
upon Capt MACONOCIIIE and his experiments—a sub.
ject we shall refer more amply to at our leisure—and
altogether the writer pleads for too little consideration
and indulgence to be bestowed upon criminals. During
the last century, he mentions, our ancestors had no
bowels of compassion for the condemned. The pil- .
ferer and the forger were sent to the gallows by ex-
peditive justice, in the same breath with the murderer.
And the gangrene of crime was cut off roughly and
impitiably by the stern hand of Justice.
But in truth there are reasons in the different states
of society for the hard-heertedness of the men of the
last century, and the susceptibility of the men of the
present. There was then no pressure of population,
no great difficulty in finding a livelihood : every path
of life offered scope to the industrious. Agriculture,
trade, manufactures, professions, were extending their
means of employ, and premiums of success. Even
the want of education was not felt amidst the super-
abundant rewards of industry. The English rogue
of the last century was without excuse, and conse-
quently met with no pity.
But at present who is there that contemplates the
state of the poor, into which fortunately so many ars
obliged to look,—who is there that examines their
birth, prospects, habits, their forced recklessness, their
minds imbued with so many anti-social tendencies,—
who is there that in contemplating them will not draw
from hence a feeling of commiseration and lenience
towards crime, instead of the old unmitigated
wrath of the stern law and the sterner judge?
Agreeing with the Edinburgh Reriorer, that in a natu-
ral and justly ordered state of things crime ought
not to excite commiseration, we cannot say that the
present is such a state. And when we SEC men, whit
have visited gaols, and made themselves acquainted
with the fate and the number of that class which tar-
nishes criminals—when we hear such men exclaim
against capital punishments, we cannot but descry
reason as well as feeling in those misgivings of the
righteousness of condemnation. If increased dis-
tress, if diminished education, if the allowance
of large masses of the poor to agglomerate
and rot physically and morally, do progress,
what can we expect, but that the rigidity of the law
and of the judge must relax in proportion, that the
tide of corruption and of crime will swell with the
disappearance of that energy which resisted it, and
that, in fine, society will perish from its incapacity of
either preventing or repressing the deluge of ill ?
We wish that those pious and well-meaning
people, who are at present getting up a crusade
against education, that is, against all possible
education, would bethink them how seriously
their efforts may paralyse and retard one of
the most efficient means of combating this corruption
of our population. It is present to every mind that
education is now required for the sake of combating
the proneness of the indigent to crime : and it is
im-
possible to persuade Englishmen that religion is not
a necessary ingredient of such an antidote. If we are
to have education at all then, it must evidently be with
those religious admixtures. We should infinitely pre-
fer having that portion of education, which the public
trcasury:provides for, independent of this mixture.
But who does not see that it is impossible It is not
impossible, however, to establish equality between
sects and creeds, nor is it hopeless to improve and do
away with stipulations and provisions which infringe
this desirable law of equality.
The way to do this is by reason and argument em-
ployed in the great forum of liberal opinions, instead
of sectarians tasking band apart, deserting that forum,
and seeking to set up a party of their own. Such a
party, we are confident, would not only contribute
largely to the defeat and declension of the liberal
cause, including every liberal idea, but it would for
ever preclude any possibility of extending and im-
proving public education, or of effecting any change
on the side of mind. in the present desperate and de-
clining condition of our lower classes.

WE oft-n hear grumbling on account of post-office
irregularities and insufficient accommodation; and
there can be little doubt that the working of the
department is still susceptible of vast improvements;
but when we compare the post-office of 1847 with the
post-office of 1838, its increased efficiency as a public
servant is astonishing. The returns moved for by
Mr. WARBURTON, and ordered by the House of Com-
mons to be printed, supply data for the comparison.
The fourpenny postage rate came into operation on
the sth of December, 1839; the penny rate on the
10th of January, 1840; and the postage stamps on
the 6th of May, 1840. The gross total of letters de-
livered in the United Kingdom, in the week ending
24th November, 1639, under the old high postage
charges, was 1,85,973. The gross total delivered in
the week ending 22d December, 1839, under the
fourpenny rate, was 2,008,687. The gross total de-
livered under the penny rate in the week ending 21st
November, 1846, was 5,890,704. In the week end-
ing 21st April of the present year, it had risen 11.1
high as 6,148,876.
It is curious to note the steady increase of the
weekly total from year to year. On the reduction of
the rate to fourpence the weekly delivery rose at
once from about one and a half million to two mil-
lions. On the introduction of the penny rate it again
rose at once to about three millions, steadily increas-
ing in the course of She year 1810 to about three mil-
lions and a half. In the third week of February,
1841, the total delivery of the United Kingdom
for the week amounted to four millions, a num-
ber which it did not again attain (though it
never fell far below it) till the third week
of January, 1842. The weekly average delivery
of 1842 was about four millions ; towards the clue of
1843 it had crept up to about four millions and a
half; by the close of 1844 it was close upon tee
millions ; at the end of 1845 it was rather more than
Elva millions and a half; at the end of 1846 it was
close upon nix millions; and since the commencement
of the present year it has been rather above tbst
number.
The returns of the London Post-office enable as to
note a little more in detail the progress of the new
system. The estimated average of chargeable lefts,
passing through the London General Post (inwud
and outwards) in four weeks of 1839 was 1,622,147;
of which 1,358,651 were unpaid, and 263,496 paid.
The number passing through during the four weeks
ending January 4, 1840, after the fourpemil
rate lied been adopted, had increased to 2,102,281,
but the proportion of the paid to the unpaid
lid
not much altered; the latter amounted to 1,5960 ;
the former to 504,847. In the four weeks, bow'
ever, ending 25th April, 1840, after the adoption d
the penny rate, but before the introduction of stamps,
while the total number passing through the pad had
increased to 3,404,900, the proportion of the paid to
the unpaid had been fairly inverted, the letter
amounting only to 423,930, while the former were as
lees than 2,980,970. It was some time before the
public got accustomed to the use of stamps. Do*
the four weeks ending 20th June, 1840, oat d
3,655,193 letters which passed through the Leaden
post-office, 367,831 were unpaid, 2,354,932 were pre'
paid, without stamps, and only 942,430 stamped.
Throughout that year, among the letters puling
through the London General Post, the peolor",
lion of prepaid without stamps to the stamps
was nearly two millions and two hundred thee-
sand to one million and a half. During 00,
year 1841 the numbers of stamped letters sad
if
of prepaid without stamps was about equal.
formly greater than that of the prepaid withal
stamps. During the four weeks ending 17th Apra
last the proportions were: unpaid, 456,289; Pa'
2,891,494 ; stamped, 4,781,198.
The comparatively alight increase which took Oa.
in the number of letters passing through the Pot
office when the fourpenny rate was adopted, =V!
un accoted for by the fact that many letters wine,
i
1842 the number of stamped was slightly but en-
had been transmitted by carriers or private oPixdina_/:
ties, come to be entreated to the Poet-office al ea

eaolly economical and more certain medium
-01 mission. But the immense increase that
has token place since the adoption of the penny
and particularly since the public became fami-
berwevd`..7 with the use of stamps, can only be attri-
tog c 0 a greater frequency of correspondence and a
number of correspondents brought into play
greater facilities afforded them.
The augmented usefulness of the Port-office under
new system is immense, even if we look only to
the •
the incressed number of letters transmitted. In 1839,
the for-weekly average of chargeable letters passing
tinalgh the London general post was 1,622,147,
dueugh the London district post (exclusive of all
a post letters) 1.021,386: in all, 2,643,533. In
le—facir weeks ending 17th April of this year the num-
ber of letters passing through the London General
post4see was 8,130,981, through the London
lurks Post-office (exclusive of general post
ytoera) 2,677,020; in all, 10,808,001. But in order to
yam am adequate estimate of the extent to which the
Post-office has become more efficacious for the public
terra since 1838, we must take the money orders
‘the hit began to issue in the beginning of 1839 into
extant During the quarter ended sth April, 1839,
the ranter of money orders issued iu all England-
Tie 28,838, their amount 49,4961. ss. 83. ; the num-
ber paid was 23,785, their amount 43,2371. 14s. 9d.
During the quarter ended sth April, 1847, the num-
ber of orders issued was 810,603, their amount
1654,278/. 7. ; the number paid was 775,159, their
amount 1,598,4241. 4s.
Let as now look at the general results, and
compare the service rendered to the public by
the par-office in 1838 and in IM7. In 1838
the Loudon general and district post-offices re-
ceived and delivered about 8,591,487 letters in
the quarter, and issued and paid no money
ceders. Daring the quarter ending April 17, 1847,
the London general and district post-offices re-
vived and delivered 33,755,111 letters ; and during
the quarter ending April 5, 1847, they issued 116,629
money orders for 232,373/. 10s. I Id., and paid
241,791 for 322,529!. 6s. 7d. Even this does not
convey an adequate impression of the improvement in
the postal arrangements. The increased number of
mail despatches and deliveries, and the increased
celerity of transmission, from the conveyance of mails
by railway, mast be taken into account. Nor must it
be forgotten that ihrough the introduction of ocean
mail steamers, the accv3eration and increased regu-
isrity of our postal communications have been ex-
truded to the whole of North America, the West
ladies, the Pacific coast of South America, the Medi-
terranean, India, and China.
While the accommodation afforded to the public by
the Post-office has been increased more than fourfold
in respect of letters alone, and has had a new element
added to it in the money orders, the cost to indi-
viduals has been diminished in a ratio not easy to
and the cost to the public has been com-
petitively trifling. The net revenue from the Post-
odke for the year ending sth January, 1839, was
1,614,353/. ; for the year ending sth January,
1841, it was 410,028/. ; for the year ending sth
January, 1842, it was 724,7.571. During one
year, and one year only, the public sacrificed, for its
e..creued postal accommodation, nearly three-fourths
of its Post-office revenue, or rather more than a million.
Every subsequent year the deficit has been diminish.
ing; last year it was little more than one half, and
this year it will be less still. The deficit is gradually
disappearing, and has from the first been greater,
even in so far as the public revenue is concerned, in
appearance than in reality; for no person acquainted
with trade can doubt that the marked augmentation
is other branches of revenue—particularly in the
customs and excise--is in part, at least, owing to the
greater briskness of trade, occasioned by increased
facilities of postal communication.
It is obvious, then, that in no way will there be any
ultimate loss from the reduced rates of postage ; but
even though there should be a permanent falling-off in
the Post-office revenue even though some other
source of income had to be substituted for it—its en-
tire sacrifice would be an inconsiderable price to pay
for what we gain by it both in economical and moral
respects. Let our great mercantile houses tell how
they have been benefited by the change in their
business relations: we can speak, from personal
observation, of family ties kept unrelaxed by absence,
of habits of economy and regular contribution towards
the support of parents and children from small earn-
ings, kept alive and strengthened in humble life,
despite of distance, which in former days used to
extinguish them.

As we anticipated, we have had several communi
cations condemnatory of the present system of hos-
pital management in London, and not one exculpa-
tory. We shall, therefore, recur to the subject On
turning to the report of the Commission on Charities,
appointed by the House of Commons, wo find full
details of the wealth, government, number of patients,
and other particulars, with regard to St. Thomas's,
and some other London hospitals; and we are glad to
find that our own view of the matter is that, which, in
almost every instance, is taken by the commission. In
spite of the apparently charitable object of our hospi-
tals, there is much mismanagement in them. The
entire control of them is frequently assumed either
by individuals, who have little knowledge of the
nature of such institutions, or by those who have aa
interest in the medical appointments.
The income of the three great London hospital.—
to, pertholomew annum.'s,G
uy::s, T
Of this, au irmuh'ots—mais
:a share
wrsu 23,2311. in 1837, and probably the income has
arrested by this time to 30,0001. With this sum
dent 50,000 patients are annually relieved; 3,300
within the walls of the hospital ; the rest out of it.
Time, allowing Is. a head es the cost of the out-patients,
thee will be a sum of about 81. per head spent oa
each in-patient. We shall not here discuss whether
this is a large or small allowance for each patient ;
m only wish to show that the funds of
ht. Thomas's are most ample for the relief
of those who apply. This money, it appears,
howeeer, is not spent in paying for medical
lake or attendance; for, on turning to the physicans'
sad surgeons' salaries, we find that they are allowed
does the funds of the charity but forty pounds a year
tit This being the sum, then, paid to surgeons
sad physicians, we are not surprised to find that,
when these officers are wanted in haste, they are
heavenly attending to their private patients. What
vulgar display is this of medical attention—six
Physicians and sax surgeons, with forty pounds a year
"eh, and all living away from the hospital ! Would
it sot be better that these twelve salaries should be
iSosssed to 1001., and then, being put together, be
Pea to one man, to attend properly to the dation
tle hospital ?
The only persons we find who are constantly in the
hospital ready to afford the relief promised by the
Penton, are the apothecary and dressers. The
apothecary attends to medical cases, the dressers to
logical ones. We suppose the apothecary, is cons-
Pleat to all cases of medical emergency, but with
VA to the dressers it is expressly stated that they
'hi' tot perform the capital operations of surgery,
a) that really if a man needed a capital operation to
o're his life, St. Thomas's Hospital would be the
Place he should be taken to. The first apo-
k. ...mitre shop would be a safer asylum. In the
"'fissti , there is a law which prevents the only me-
'on dicers in attendance from operating the
s shop the patient would be sure of getting
3,tlZ, him that the knowledge of the inmate
'owed. Many a man has had his life saved by an
lo performed by the nearest surgeon, and may
t fear that little Durban is not the only victim
th) lles suffered from the false reputation of the
re efficiency of hospital attention ?
medical institutions with princely incomes like
r of St Thomas's Hospital, the public has a right
upset that incases of emergency some more efficient ,
ea hand than the beardless youths who act the part
These youths, we find, are not placed in this
Itlihe Ili account of superior merit, or in considers-
6.ef their age or talents. They are appointed
lOrgeons, who, each, for the sum of 50/. per
.have the privilege of inducting yearly four
-.7 who have not been less than six months
the hospital, into this most important office.
all4l a young man, with six months' pwi robation,
m* experience as he gets by follong, with
%n, the surgeons through the wards of an
Phased in a position to determine whether
it, glad fora surgeon or not. In the report
imadoile re alluded to, it is stated that these
elms prefer taking the whole responsibility
themselves to sending for the surgeon.
lA_ avoid expressing our conviction that
"-we" 17 item serious consequences must some-

times result. If such a host of medical officers must I
be employed ia our institutions, surely the position of
dresser, with all its responsibility, should be given to
the most skilful and intelligent of the students, and
the iniquity of making these your men pay for the
privilege of tr7ing their untied surgical talents
upon the suffering inmates of the ospital be at once
reproved and abolished.
It is useless to urge, after the ease of the child
Durban, that the assistant-surgeons are obliged to
live near the hospital, for the purpose of attending to
cases of emergency. Of the three assistant-surgeons,
two, Mr. SOLET and Mr. CLARKE, live et least a mile
from the hospital, and the one, Mr. TRAVERS, who
lives at or near the hospital, may be, as he was on
the occasion in question, attending to his own private
patients.
We would urge then on the governors of St. Thomas's
Hospital, with all earnestness, the necessity of se-
curing
immediately one great object of their charity,
the supply of competent surgical relief at any mo-
ment of the day or night that suffering humanity may
be brought to their doors. They have no excuse ;
the means are at their disposal; they have only to I
will the thing, and it is done. Let them at once
wipe away the stain from their noble institution, that
a human being has perished within its walls for the I
want of competent surgical assistance.

" JusvlcEs' justice" has long been fair game with
the weekly papers; but it has been chiefly started
and most merrily run down in the metropolitan
police courts. If, however, we could have a reporter
to every bench of magistrates, or on every occasion
on which two or more justices of the peace lay their
heads together in vindication of the law, we should
have a much more carious assortment of game than any
London police court can furnish. Whatever vagaries
police magistrates may occasionally indulge in, they
are at least men who have received some legal train-
ing. But your country justice takes his law, like
the small-pox, "promiscuously." He leans on
" Burn's" and his clerk. If his " Burn's" be badly in-
dexed, or his clerk badly read in magistrates' law,
Justice fares scurvily among the trio.
A case has just occurred on the Northern Circuit,
which illustrates the sort of law in which the great
unpaid occasionally indulge. A farmer turns his wife
oat of doors, and refuses to contribute to her mainte-
nance. The wife has a vague notion that she has a
right to help herself, as her huiband refugee to help
her, and accordingly proceeds to his house, opens an
unlocked stable-door, and appropriates a pony, which
she carries off.

Her husband charges her with the robbery. A
?magistrate commits her on the charge, knowing that
84e is the true of the num from whom she is charged
with having stolen the pony! She remains in York
Castle from the date of her committal in April till the
assizes in July.
it is, as every schoolboy knows, a fundamental
maxim of the law, that husband and wife are one, and
that, therefore, a wife cannot steal from her husband.
That a magistrate should be ignorant of such a
primary principle seems hardly credible : but so it is.
The woman has thus been imprisoned for nearly
four months, in direct violation of law, owing to the
ignorance of the committing magistrate. We recom-
mend the case to the Home Secretary : it will repay
investigation.

We have received our Paris letters of Thursday.
The Court of Peers was still in secret session, holding
in its hands the fate of the accused. When the in-
terest felt by the public respecting this remarkable
• inquest is said to be intense in the highest degree,
the description is faithful and true. But to say that
the moral sense of the public is deeply moved, or that
the convicted offenders are objects of public in-
dignation, would be an utter misrepresentation of the
actual state of feeling and opinion. On the contrary,
in whatever way it may he explained, it is incontes-
table that the universal feeling is that of sympathy
with the accused, nor has anything with which they
are severally charged, assuming all the charges to
be established, fixed such a stigma on them as
the severity of the punishment denounced by
the code would naturally lead us to expect. The
public sentiment is in this case out of unison with
the laws. Whether this arises from the conviction
which, though latent, is universal, that corruption, in
• like cases, is and has been general, and that MM.
, Cubiercs and Pellapra have only done what has been
• done, directly or indirectly, by the promoters of the
large majority of the joint stock companies which
have been established for the last ten years, and that
they differ from hundreds of other wealthy specu-
i latent only in having the misfortune to have been
forced before a judicial tribunal, we shall net stop to
inquire. But the fact is glaringly evident that the pub-
, lie in general regard the prisoners of the Luxembourg
as the unhappy victims of untoward events, and that
if equal justice were dealt out, the prison of the
chamber, were its dimensions multiplied tenfold,
would not contain the guilty.
At the moment our correspondent closed 'his des-
patches on Thursday the court had not come to a
decision, nor was it expected they would on that day.
The sentence must be agreed to by a majority of five-
eighths at least of the peers present.
General Cabieres had sent to the king, it was said,
his resignation as peer of France. The report which
had been circulated that the son of M. Tinto had
resigned his functions as deputy is contradicted.
It was reported that the person who supplied M.
Teste with the pistols had attempted to load them
without understanding the nature of the weapon, and
that this ignorance happily rendered the attempt at
suicide abortive. The pistols had screw barrels, and
being loaded like ordinary barrels, through the muz-
zles, a space was left occupied only by air between
the ball and the powder, by which the explosive force
of the latter was in part expended before the ball was
projected.
M. Teste is surrounded with the liveliest sympathy
by all his friends. All his former secretaries are
sedulously attentive to him, and never leave the
prison, and visitors call in constant succession during
the day. Although he has given a solemn promise
not to make another attempt on his life, he is still
kept under the strictest surveillance.
Exclusively of this engrossing subject, nothing of
interest is presented by the journal or correspondence
of Paris. The weather continues to be marked by the
same unusual temperature, the thermometer ranging
daring the day between 80 and 90 deg. If a drought
do not ensue, as happened during a part of last
summer, there is every reason to look for a harvest
and a vintage most abundant and of the best quality.
The often-repeated rumour of the retirement of Mar-
shal Soult is renewed with more than former appear-
ance of reality. The aged hero has, it is said, prayed
the king to allow him to retire, and pass his remain-
ing days in the tranquillity of his country residence.
Late on Thursday it was repotted that the Court of
Peers would apply the punishment assigned by the
code with leniencr, that M. Testa would be deprived
of civil rights and fined in the amount corruptly re-
ceived, but that no imprisonment would be assigned.
It was believed that General Cubieres would not be
degraded.
Advises were received from Rome to the sth,
which announced the decree for the formation of the
civic guard in that city, to consist of 14 battalions.
It was to consist of all citizens -beTween the ages of
21 and 60. It was expected that the same measure
would be immediately extended to all the provinces
of the papal states.

Our advises from Madrid are to the 10th inst. The
letter of our own correspondent of that date we give
below. A meeting of the electors of the Moderados
was to have been held on the 11th, in the Hotel
d'Abrantes ; that of the progressista was to take place
in the theatre of the Museum. Cabinet councils were
held daily, the subject of which was said to be the
Portuguese questions referred to in oar correspond-
ent's letter. The financial crisis, which amounts
to a panic, continues. There was an alarming
ran on the Bank of St. Ferdinand, on the 10th
and preceding days. The bank, however, sus-
tained itself, and continued to pay its notes.
Private letters say that the multitude collected round
the doors was such, that the police was obliged to
form them into a queue, as at the doors of a theatre
on • crowded night. The bank had received a sup-
ply of specie on the evening of the 9th from Almeria,
and further supplies were expected daily from the
provinces, and even from abroad. The public funds
are rapidly declining, as will be seen from oar Bourse
I report.
The Madrid mail was seized a few days previously to
the 10th, and the guard detained as a prisoner by the