The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-21 00:00:00

the people can only be met in two ways :
" first, by improving the cultivation of the
crofts, and increasing the amount of food
produced from them ; and, 2nd, by procuring employ-
ment in the localities or elsewhere for those who do
not derive subsistence from the land." They recom-
mend accordingly that part of the balance of 75,0001.
which remains in their hands should be employed in
assisting crofters or small tenantry to improve their
land, and thus increase the amount of food derived
from it, prodded the proprietors will giro such leases, or
such a tenure of the land as will enable the tenant to
reap the benefit °JAI* improrements. With regard to em-
ployment they are of opinion " that part of the funds
might be most legitimately employed in encouraging
the fishing, in various localities, and thereby putting
many of the poorer classes who cannot otherwise find
employment in the way of supporting themselves, and
also of aiding their neighbours." They are of opinion
also that part of the funds might be moat properly
and beneficially employed in aiding loci' exertions in
'making piers and harbours in some of the districts
where they are much required. From these sugges
lions, which are all the board have to offer, it will
seen that the whole of the improvements in the condi
tion of the people, upon which they calculate, are o
be effected by the 75,000/. which they have in hand,
or by such additional sums as may be raised hereafter
by the same agency—that of the begging-box ; that the
landlords, as a body, are not to be called upon, except
to grant leases, securing to the small tenants the benefit
of their outlay upon the land, and that the board are
in the meantime to take all the trouble off the hands
of the landlords, and stand in loco parentis to the pea
ple. This is certainly very kind and philanthropic
on the part of the board, for while we deny them the
praise of wisdom, courage, or comprehensiveness of
mind, it would be ungrateful and unjust to deny then
the fullest meed of honour for benevolence of inters.
tion, disinterestedness, and the sincerest desire to elle.

viate the distresses of their oppressed fellow-citizens.
The monster evils of the Highlands and islands
are the laws of entail, and the absence of a thorough
poor law. In the manufacturing and commercial
districts of the Lowlands, as well as in the remote
rural districts of the Highlands, these evils press with
fearful severity. The entailed proprietors, who are
universally. poor, have neither means nor induce-
ments for improving their estates ; and when the
glens and hill sides produce more human beings than
are sufficient to act as shepherds on the extensive
sheep farms that employ one man where an arable
farm might employ one hundred, they are sent away,
per las ant nefas, with the world before them "to
choose their place of rest." They swarm in Dundee,
Glasgow, Edinburgh, and in all the manufacturing
and shipping towns, and become a burden upon the
industrious inhabitants of those places ; or else they
go farther south, to England, with the same results.
But if, by the abolition of the odious and unnatural
law of entail, land could be freely brought into the mar-
ket like any other commodity, and if by the enactment
of a poor law on the English system such land were
purchasable with the lien of the poor upon it for
their support, the Highlands of Scotland would main-
tain in comfort three, four, aye, six times their pre-
sent population. It is only in Ireland and Scotland,
where there has been no poor law acknowledging the
right of the able-bodied to relief, that the people have
been reduced to a potato diet. By the enactment of
such a poor law we might expect, in the natural
course of events, that they would again be raised
above this precarious food. The reform of the two
abuses we have specified would be, not a mere pallia-
tive, like the measures recommended by the Destitu-
tion Board, extending over a year or two,
and aided, if not entirely maintained, by
the begging-box, but a thorough reform, which
would elevate permanently the condition of
the people, increase the wealth of the landlords them-
selves, and add very materially to the strength and
resources of the nation. If in the process some in-
solvent proprietors of the soil should go to the wall,
we might pity the fate which their improvidence and
mismanagement have brought upon them; but we
would not depart in the smallest rota from the grand
principle, that property in land is allowed by the
whole people for the benefit of the whole people, and
not merely for that of individuals. The owner of a
whole county in Scotland may now, if he be rich, and
if such a disposition of his land please him,
turn the whole county intro a deer forest,
without making one penny of recompense to
the hundreds or thousands of able-bodied men, whom
by that act be should deprive of their subsistence.
If he be poor and entailed, he may let his county or
1 half-eonnty to southern sportsmen for the same pur-
pose , with the same result to the people, and no one
dares to say him nay. The thing is done continually.
Thepeople are deprd year after year to a low and a
lower point, until at length they rely entirely upon the
potato. When that fails they resort to limpets and
sea-weed, and the charity of the British public. The
time is coming, however, for a searching scrutiny into
these matters. The trading community of Scotland,
and many of the entailed proprietors themselves, are
fully aware of the evils of the entail system. It will
not require much exertion to send that to the tomb of
all the CAPULETS.

The landlords as yet are not quite so well aware
how much they, as well as the people, have lost by
their adherence to the poor-law crotchets of Dr.
CHALMERS and his political followers; but the intelli-
gent merchants and traders of Scotland are opening
thizkeyes to the subject. Let the Destitution Board
s out more plainly upon both these matters in
t eir next report. They will not speak to an unpre-
pared or unsympathising audience, either in Scotland
or in England.

It appears by our Paris despatches of Tuesday,
that the public in France generally are invited to par-
ticipate directly in the contract for the new French
loan, through the instrumentality of the receivers-
general. These functionaries have in the departments
issued an invitation to all persons desiring to invest
money in the loan to make deposits at their offices
commensurate with the exteat of the subscriptions
which they desire, at the rate of 250 per cent. of the
stock they propose to take, that is, two and a half
, francs for every franc of rente to be subscribed for.
M. Onkel has called down on himself the indigna-
tion of the liberal opposition by adopting the term
" subject " at the close of one of his recent reports to
the Bing. lie there acknowledges himself the
"faithful subject "of Louis Philippe. The use of the
same term in the Chamber of Deputies by Count
Montalivet on a former occasion drew • reclamation
from the opposition, in the shape of a protest against
the term, which was signed by 167 deputies.

The Madrid mails of the 14th have arrived. The
journals and correspondence are of course filled with
reports of the royal reconciliation, already an-
nounced by telegraph. The details of this will
be found in the letter of our correspondent,
which we give below. All reports agree in
ascribing this result to the retreat of General
Serrano from the palace. The papal nuncio acted
a prominent part on the occasion. The Queen
Dowager and the Duke of Itianzares arrived in
Madrid at five o'clock on the morning of the 14th,
having completed the journey from Paris in four days
and a half. They were accompanied by only one
confidential servant Queen Isabella was not ap-
prised of the expected arrival of the Queen Dowager
until her Majesty had actually reached the capital.
At one o'clock on Thursday last Queen Christina and
her husband went to the palace, and were received
by Queen Isabella. At three o'clock a family con-
ference was held, at which Gen. Narvaez attended.
This was still continued when the mails left. The
King had not left his apartments, and had not yet
seen the Queen Dowager.
Lord Canning had arrived at Madrid.

The German Journal of Frankfort says that it has
good authority for stating that the three northern
powers co-operating with France will intervene, if
necessary, in the affairs of Switzerland. This inter-
vention will be confided to Austria and France, aad
the other two powers will sanction it. The extreme
case in which it will take place will be on an appeal
to be made by the cantons of the Sonderbund. The
powers pretend that such a measure is authorised
by the act of the congress of Vienna.
The resolution of St. Gall against the Sonderbund
was carried by a majority of 76 against 73. Tho con-
sequence of these decisions will be, that the Diet will
vote for the forcible execution of its decrees by the
same majority exactly as that by which the decrees
themselves were voted.

Our intelligence from Italy does not contain much
that is new. A propos of the mission of Lord Minto,
the Espanol, Madrid paper, of the 13th, contains some
remarks worthy of ittitice, it says :

" Count Bremen seems destined by his government
to a peculiar and unique branch of diplomacy. The
triumph which he obtained in the affair of the royal
marriages, and the manner in which be attacked
English policy at that time, caused people to discover
in him the bow of Anglophobia. For this reason no
sooner was it known at the Tuileries that Lord Minto
was charged, with a secret mission in Italy, than M.
Bresspn received orders to be in readiness to go to the
Italian peninsula. When Lord Minto arrived at
Turin, M. Benson was there at the same time. Lord
Minto bad an audience with the King of Fardinia—
M. Bremen had another. Here ends the parallel.
And new comes the divergence. Lord Minto held
a language of friendship and good wishes—M. Bros-
son spoke of interventions and future contingencies."
Letters from Naples of the 4th and dth, quoted by
the Augsburg Gazette, say that Generals Stratella and
Nuoziante occupy the lines from Paula Cosenza to
Catanjaro, and from Monteleone to Gerace, so as to
exclude the insurgents from passing them. Probable
political reforms continue to be mentioned. The
King never appears without being overwhelmed with
petitions, which are flung in hundreds into his
carriage.
A letter from Florence, dated the 11th inst., given
by La Prase, says that the news from the kingdom
of the Two Sicilies are each as to inspire sentiments
of horror. Executions are continual. An unexampled
system of espionage is established. Premiums are
publicly offered for the murder of individuals whose
names are proclaimed. The most honourable and re-
spected persons are daily seized, bound, and thrown
into prison. Government appears to be seized with a
fit of bloody frenzy.
The Grand Duckess of Tuscany, sister of the King
of Naples, is plunged in despair, less because of the
danger to which her family are exposed than on ac-
count of the atrocities committed in their name.
Letters from Rome of the 9th confirm the reports
we have already given from the German journals,
that the Pope, not satisfied with the evacuation of the
city of Ferrara offered by Austria, and the rotors-
lion of the status quo, demands the evacuation and
surrender of the citadel of Ferrara and the Fortress of
Cnmmachio, both of wnich Austria has occupied since
181.5. In consideration of compliance with this de-
mand, the Pope offers to cede to Austria all that
part of the duchy of Ferrara which lies on the left
bank of the Po, and which would naturally belong
to Lombardy.

MADRID, Oct. 14.
Narvaez may be skilful : lucky he certainly is.
Within ten dais he has effected two results, which
were ardently desired and diligently sought by pre-
ceding ministries, but which mocked their reach.
He has got rid of the favourite : he has brought back
the King. These achievements may, indeed, torn
out rather specious than solid; meantime, let us look
at the hopeful side of the future. The reconciliation
of Queen Isabel and her husband is an event which
deserves to be recorded with some detail. It seems
that the present cabinet no sooner succeeded to power
than it bent its chief attention upon this subject. The
instrument upon which Narvaez turned his eyes
was Monsig. Bruuelli. The nuncio, willingly un-
dertaking a mission so suitable to his character,
repaired on Saturday to the Pardo, where he
had a long interview with the King. The
fruits of Monsig. Brunelli's good offices soon appeared
in the letter of felicitation addressed by I). Francisco
de Asia to the Queen upon the occasion of her birth-
day. It was also understood that the good prelate
had succeeded completely in bringing the King to
consent to re-unite himself with the Queen at the
palace of Madrid, without delay—the grand obstacle
to his return having been removed. This result
having been communicated to her Majesty, she gave
her permission for the King to return, which was
brought by Narvaez yesterday morning to the Pardo.
Narvaez returned to the Pardo at three in the after-
noon, accompanied by Monsig. Brenelli, and an hoar or
two after was seer, re-entering Madrid with his royal
, prize. A second coach followed with the high offi-
cers of the King's household, the Marquises of Ales-
Dices, Castelar, and Palacio& The Captain-General
of Madrid waited with an escort of cavalry at
the Puerta de Hierro, and the political chief at the
royal residence of Florida, with another escort of the
mounted civic guard. At the latter place the coaches
' were exchanged for others, which had been sent
from the palace. The party arrived at the palace,
cheered on their way by some tires, at half-past four.
The Queen stood waiting for the consort in a balcony
of the palace towards the street from which the car-
riages issued. She was accompanied by the Infanta,
the Duchess of Sena (the King's sister). The serri-
, dumbre testified their gratification at the King's re-
, turn by a waving of handkerchiefs from the palace
windows. When the party had alighted at the prin-
cipal gate, Narvaez and Brunelli went on ahead to
announce the arrival to the Queen, who, advancing
to the door of the royal apartment, with much emo-
tion threw herself into the arms of her husband. The
Duchess of Sesa having retired, the royal couple re-
mained alone for a considerable time. At length
Narvaez was sent for, and the King retired to his
apartment. I forgot to say that, upon entering the
palace, the consort was received with all the honours
due to his rank, and the ministers and high digni-
taries of the palace stood waiting for him on the
great staircase, and conducted him to the door of the
royal apartment.
Thus at least a great scandal has ceased to offend the
public eye, and apparent harmony has been restored
to the domestic interior of the palace. This is no
doubt a great step towards the settlement of a ques-
tion which assumed an aspect menacing enough for
the future repose of Spain. It is, perhaps, consider-
ing the fatal delays that would have attended other
arrangements, the most satisfactory solution which
the so-called palace question could receive at present.
The government seems disposed to treat the press
with violence. A fresh number of the Erpectador
has been denounced, and the editor of the Esperansa
has been imprisoned for some criticisms on the bad
administration of justice, which seem to most people
highly judicious and grounded in fact.
A severe ordinance has been just issued by the
political chief to put an end to the mendicancy which
teems in this capital. All the beggars are to be
driven off the streets into the hospital of St. Berne-
dino ; there the natives of Madrid are to be sorted
from the rest and allowed to remain. The others are
to be sent into their respective provinces. If this
were done with proper care, no doubt a dreadful
nuisance would be got rid of justly. But it is feared
that the vast beggar population proposed to be extir-
pated will be exposed to tremendous suffering by this
sweeping edict.
Complaints are made from the Canaries that upon
different frivolous pretexts, the elections of the Cortes
deputies, which took place a year ago in the Penin-
mks, have been continually put off in these islands,
because in three districts the choice is certain to fall
upon progresistas. The last reason assigned for
delay by- the political chief, is the mysterious warlike
preparation ordered by the captain-general, the rea-
son of which is a mystery to everybody.

FRANCE.—PAats, ()cr. 19.—As the operations
of the Paris wings banks are in general a clue to the public
feeling in money matters in that capital, the following result
of the operations of the Paris savings bank, during the week
closing Monday, Oct. 18, may be interesting:—Money re-
ceived by the Paris savings bank, on Sunday, Oct 17, aad
Monday, Oct, 18, from 4,617 depositors, .567 of whom were
new ones, 616,274 f. ; reimbursements during the same week
to 2,318 depositors, 542 paid out, 712,102 f. 20c.; stock bought
in for depositors during the same week for a capital of
427,837 f. 20c.; demands of reimbursement made Oct. 17,
for 805,600 f.

OPENING OF THE DUTCH CHAMBERS.-
THE KING'S SPEECH.
. -

me ordinary session of the States General was
opened on Mon. the 18th inst., at the Hague, by the
day
King in person. The following are the chief points of the
the put vacation no extraordinary circumstances
h
speech. After the usual preliminaries, It goes on to say :
D
auvr
ei
n
g
arisen to introduce any change into the general situa-
, Lion of the country. The Netherlands continue to main-
tain good relations with other powers. Order has not been
disturbed in our transmartne possessions. The measures
found necessary for the introduction of a new system of le-
gislation into the East Indies, in harmony as much as pos-
sible with that of the mother country, have been already
partly put into execution. You will have laid before you
the various codes which have been promulgated. New I
legislative arrangements are also in. course of preparation for
the West ledia colonies. In Surinam bank paper will be
exchanged for specie. The moral interests of the notion
continue to demand all
.my attention. The blessing of
an abundant harvest in the majority of its pro-
dactions awakens the hope that the inhabitants of the
had cognisance of that fuetht
ebyprreoessztt
sessions,ODOlolll
Netherlands will be preserved from those evils which at-
tend on the scarcity and dearness, of provisions.
The condition of the finances of the stagcotenia.s favoyuouralriliem.
You
have ahead) T
will be laid birtbdreetailyous.wwhiichil icnddurtoin
'ion respecting that favourable condition. There are grounds