The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-09 00:00:00

ortgg.

MAILS.

The West India mails, exc7ptihose. for 'Sexier), llonduras, and
Havana, will be made up on the morning of the 17th loot.
The mails for Corunna, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made up on the morning of the 17th inst.
The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United
States, will be made up on the evening of the lath inst.
The malls fur Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt,
Aden, Ceylon, India, Yong-Kong, and China, via Suuthosiphui, will
be made up on the morning of the 21st loot.
The overland closed mails, via .Vorseales, to the Mediterranean,
Earypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Bong-Kong, will be made up on the
evening of the 24th inst.

TO COI

/NDENTS.

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Adverthements intended for The Erpress must be at the elticc by
Two o'clock on the day of publication.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
Tuts Day.-11,,rninfr, 7 nun. past 4: Arternoun, 2Y min. part 4.
To-roaa.aw.--Moraing, 49 aun. plat 4; Afternoon, It win. part 5.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 9.
THE Prince of WALES begins to figure in the
newspapers. For a child between four and five
years old, he is not "as little Prince as may be," but
as great and renowned as may be. When the royal
yacht was off Guernsey, his Royal Highness caught
an eel, himself holding the rod and line; and when
off Jersey, his Royal Highness suddenly appeared on
deck, amid the cheering crow, clad in check shirt,
blue jacket arid trousers, glazed hat, and neckerchief
twisted in that knowing knot which is amongst the
mysteries of seamanship. His Royal Highness re-
paisi the acclamations of the sailors by ordering them
a glass of grog all round. His Royal Highness
does not, therefore, patronise the Temperance
Societies. Now, there is no harm, that we know of,
in a child's catching eels instead of tittlebats ;
nor in wearing a blue jacket and playing sailor. The
bustle which the sailors were allowed or directed to
make about it, is rather questionable; and the ordering
of extra grog more questionable still. For children
under five years of age it is not generally reckoned
wholesome training to encourage them to treat their
friends with rum and water. But Princes, and above
all Princes of Wales, are not subject to ordinary rules.
Too little is known of the Royal nursery to discuss
the plans or principles by which it is regulated. We
are not disposed to be inquisitive. As little do
we desire to establish a censorship on the nau-
tical sports which have made the heir-apparent
a juvenile hero of newspaper paragraphs. The vora-
cious, appetite for knowing all the whereabout
of illustrious personages, which is felt by a portion
of the public, may as well be gratified by the princely
pranks of children as by any other food. There is
not less useful knowledge in the one case than in the
other. But the education of the future Sovereign of
these realms ; and we include in the term education
the moral training of his infant years ; is a public
concern. If injudicious, the millions may suffer for it.
Good or bad, the millions pay for it. The conse-
quences extend beyond calculation. Nor is there any
topic more fairly within the scope of cautionary re-
mark and respectful criticism by the public press,
than the Education of Princes.
For the recognized heir to a throne, the best edu-
cation is as obviously desirable as it is obviously
unattainable. With very few exceptions, the
greatest monarchs have become so, partly at
least, from the fact of not having been edu-
cated for the throne. Even ALFRED had to
take lessons in the adult school of that severe dame,
Adversity, before the instruction was complete which
turned taerwards to such excellent account. The
broad line of demarcation between young royalty
and all other young humanity, is an awful difficulty
to surmount, especially in the moral training, without
which all other education is worthless. It is in the
mode of dealing with this difficulty that the pecu-
liarity of princely education consists ; and its excel-
lence, in the skill by which the evil is abated to the
lowest possible degree.
The obvious resource of instilling a deep sense of
duty, is net without its dangers. America was lost,
and the British Isks almost involved in the horrors of
civil war, with the aggravated bitterness of theological
animosity, by the conscientiousnessofGEratGE 111. The
common blunder of intolerance, that pest of society,
is to confound the individual perception of right, with
right absolute and universal; and then to resolve that,
according to the degree of power, right shall be done.
A sense of equality is the social cheek upon this mis-
chief. But all the bishops in the realm may preach
to a royal child the Christian doctrine of human
equality, without the chance of obtaining a practical
belief. Every hour evinces to him that it is a form
or a fallacy. The baby Princess that extended her
tiny hand for Mrs. StnnoNs to kiss, had learned
that it is a fallacy. The heir to a throne knows
that he has no equals, almost by the time he
can speak. Every menial teaches him that his will
is power. A thousand lessons of Church and C.ate-
&ism are neutralised by that assumption. In him,
the common mode of inculcating moral obligation
lacks its needful leverage. You cannot blink the fact,
even to very young eyes, that the position is excep-
tional.

But the fact of physical dependence may be made
apparent. A child-prince who is taught by obedient
sailors the falsity of his commanding and rewarding
the crew, might as easily learn the truth of his ina-
bility to turn the wheel and steer the vessel, or per-
form the simplest functions of the cabin-boy. The
qualities which won popularity for WILLIAM IV.,
chiefly dated from the time when he was a midship-
man, with the rules of the service unrelated
in his favour. So far as circumstances will
allow, we are for no unreality ; why not
let a royal child be the child, just the same
as other children? The physical dependence of our
early years is one of Nature's wholesome provisions,
. . . .

iron; which no child should be excluded. Help,
help from cverbody, is what the child needs. Its
natural relation to all, is not that of giver but of
receiver. Like dying LEAR, it wants a friendly hand
to undo a button, and should fittingly acknowledge
the kindness ; " Thank you, sir." It should feel,
as is true, that it accepts the gift of food ; and nut,

NI ill untrue , that it hestows-a royal donation of

grog. Trifling as such matters may seem, nothing
is trifling that helps to spoil a child. Interposition
is most unwise when it creates artificial machinery,

.e ,'1

to counteract but to aid the tendency of untoward

circumstances.
The absence of any social superiority over regal
station, makes it the more desirable to place other
forms of superiority in a strong light, and cherish
the faculty of reverence to check the supremacy of
will. The future sovereign knows that he is destined
to have no superior or equal in station. It depends
on *lose about him whether he do, or do not know,
the equally probable event that he will have many
superiors in other things ; in intellectual, artistical,
and moral powers and acquirements ; which rank, in
just estimation, move royalty. Why mislead him as
to the fwd! 'lot genius is not his servant *.-u cam_
rotlid? Why let it be possible for him tb feel that
he is not honoured in picking up thP....orush of a greet
painter, who has let it fait in the production of
creations as much beyond the power of mere royalty
as the creation of a planet? Monarchs have often
within their realms those before whom it would well
become them to stand uncovered. And if the rough
and undiscriminating rules of political etiquette for-

bid this; if those rules enforce the non-acknowledg-
ment of the real superiority ; there is no occasion to
antedate the necessity. Young Princes are sure to use
their eyes in looking down; they should be led to
look up, and so preserve the full power of the mental
vision. Leave them not in the false impression that
there is nothing between a king and the King of
kings. There are crowds, not only of the dead but of
the living, in that wide and lofty space. Philosophers and
bards are there; the patriot hero, the artist, and the
philanthropist. The morality of a prince requires,
not only the divine revelation of a world to come, but
a human revelation of the grand existing world above
him. 11l do they rule who have never learned to

And now we wish His Royal Highness the. Prince
of WALES much success in eel-fishing. About the
grog, we will say no more till another time. When
next he is taken to ASTLEY'S, may he find that those
who " witch the world with noble horsemanship"

perform for the enjoyment of other children besides
his brother and sisters. And when, after very many
years, he succeeds to his royal heritage, may there be
more truly great, and much greater men in his king-
dom than now exist ; and may his reverence for them
teach him to make the throne only a loftier altar, on
which to offer sacrifice to intellectual and moral
grandeur.

IN the late Lord METCALFE the country has lost a
public servant of more use than show. He will
occupy a more prominent position in history, than in
the newspapers of the day ; reversing the destiny of
many ephemeral notorieties.
This is owing partly to the remoteness of the fields
to which his services have been confined. The master
mind which wears itself oat under the heavy respon-
sibilities of Indian civil service (for fighting is always
attended with noise), is less noted at the time by the
mass of mankind than a clever maker of flash speeches
on the topic of the day. But in part, too, it ;was
owing to the natural and acquired character of the
man. Lord .11ETCALFE'9 was that simple, unobtru-
sive, moral greatness, which most men only come to
feel and appreciate when time and frequent calls to
reflection have impressed it upon them.
There was nothing of incident or adventure about
Lord METCALFE'S career. The son of an India
Director, he entered the service of the India Company
with advantages. To those who have not taken the
trouble to look narrowly into the matter, the high
posts he was called upon to fill do not necessarily imply
more than average talent, with steady perseverance, in
one who was a hereditary servant of the Company, the
son of one of its most influential members. The im-
mense capability of continuous labour, the eompre-
hensi7e and minute knowledge of affairs, the quiet
sagacity, the benevolent self-command, the deep and
delicate sense of responsibility, which were the cha-
racteristic features of Lord METCALFE'S mind and
the source of his power, can only be adequately
conceived by those who had opportunities of observ-
ing, and sufficient acquaintance with the business he
was engaged in, to estimate them rightly.
The position of a high class civilian in the Com-
pany's service, is favourable to the development of the
useful rather than the showy talents of the statesman.
There is much to be done, and much for which there
is no precedent. In India, government is still in the
process of being made ; made by European intelli-
gence for the social wants of Orientals. The men
upon whom the chief labour devolves in this arduous
undertaking, are remote from their principals, and
often thrown upon their own resources. But this
want of guidance beforehand does not lessen their
responsibility; the whole business of the company has
been so admirably systematised, that every act of tho
local officers and its results is known at the Board of
Control and in Leadenhall-street. Negligence and

errors are sure of detection. In Leadenhall-street, the
local officer has to deal with men of bwriness thoroughly
acquainted with Indian affairs ; at the Board of Control,
he has to deal with men who, whenever matters go
wrong in India, are sure to be arraigned by political
rivals before the most exacting tribunal in the world.
The high-class civil Bei:vast in India who would keep
his place, must be capable of hard work, and must
love it for its own sake.

Lord NIETCALFE, with his natural conscientious-
ness and capacity for continuous labour, trained in
such a school, grew up into a character which could
have been formed under no other influences. lie
combined the finest and noblest characteristics of the
Roman prietor or pro-consul, with those of the English
gentleman. To him is India indebted in no small
degree for its improved financial administration and

liberalised mercantile policy ; for encouragement
given to secular education and to missionary exertions,
combined with due allowance for the peculiar religious
views of the community ; and, above all, for a free
press. The immense region which was the more
immediate scene of the labours of It's best years,
already knows Lord METCALFE as he will be known
by Englishmen when the history of India in his time
is thoroughly opened to them. There, reverence for
the statesman is blended with love for the man.
During the latter years of his life, Lord METCALFE
was exposed to the severe test of being transported to
an entirely new and unaccustomed field of action. In
India, he had only to govern well. There was no public
opinion to conciliate before-hand, no popular legisla-
tures to be won for his system of policy, and to be
made his unconscious instruments. The arts which
are indispensable in the English statesman, and in
the statesman who wields the destinies of those colo-
nies which have popular legislatures, he had no oppor-
tunity of acquiring, when at an advanced period of life
he was called upon to assume the reins of government
in Jamaica and Canada, at periods of no ordinary diffi-
culty.
In Jamaica he found the Legislative Assembly
irritated and indignant at an attempt to supersede its

the split between Lord MErcauya and his first Cabi-
net has always appeared nothing ware than a
mutual misunderstanding between 7en who had
after all the same ends in view. 13, this as it may :
that Lord METCALFE was abl.'d to keep his ground,
was owing entirely to the inherent
_goodness and
greatness of his persons; Aaracter. He stood alone
against the trusted leaders of a dominant popular
party. By quietly and firmly advancing on his pre-
determined course, by promoting all benevolent and
educational efforts, by administering public affairs for
the ;plural at;taitag„, by perfect command of tem-
per,
of the Cluanatldisiaann-dpeosinprerialyd, he impressed
dwaitmhatte
icoegenvii,ctElimodn
httadt
ohnelyrestacpteubdlithe e
goodir consintivtuietwie.:-.mt
There have been few instances of heroism equal to
that displayed by Lord METCALFE in this the closing
scene of his public life. He was labouring under a
painful and incurable disease. He knew that death
was approaching, and he knew that the climate was
accelerating its approach. Yet while he could be
useful, he did not ask for repose; he laboured as assi-
duously as if a long career were open to his ambition;
he was cheerful and urbane, as if he had been in the
enjoyment of lusty health. What j)ore him up under
such circumstances, was that deep, pervading sense of
responsibility, already noticed as the most prominent
feature of his character. With nothing exclusive or
sectarian about him, Lord kirrcaues principle of
action was religion. He looked upon himself as sent
into this world to perform a task, and as responsible
for his sedulous nnwearying discharge of it. This
pervading idea it was which made him labour for the
benefit of all men ; which kept him careless of good or
bad report so long as he felt himself in the way of
duty; which enabled him to toil on cheerily to the last
under excruciating agony, and without any hope of
' bringing his begun work to a close. There have been
many more acute reasoners than Lord METCALFE,
but few characters imbued with such tranquil moral I
grandeur.

THE practice of burying dead bodies in the midst of
large cities can only have resulted from the growth
of circumstances not at first contemplated by its
originators. To " bury their dead out of their
sight," seems to be a first instinct of the human race;
and it was very natural that the field of God, " God's
acre," as their burying-ground was called, should be
attached to the house of God. Our forefathers, how-
ever, did not contemplate that the church and the
church-yard would one day be surrounded by houses,
and that in many instances the church-yard would
be actually driven under the church. The dead
can hardly be said to be removed from our sight,
whilst their presence is made disgustingly obvious to
our other senses. That such a state of things should
be allowed to grow up in civilised communities, can
only be attributed to the solemnity with which death
is regarded, and the sacredness of all habits and prac-
tices with regard to it. To bring our Mends near or into
the temple which we are in the habit of approaching
with religious feelings, seems a thing so consonant
with our nature that no one can be surprised at the
anxiety shown to effect it. Bat, like many of the
habits of man in his primitive or patriarchal state,
this custom, in great towns, is entirely incompatible
with the health and morals of the community.
As a proof, we need but refer to the details of a
. . .

grand cordon of the Legion of Honour. In the
evening a brilliant ball was given by the inhabitants
in honour of the Prince.

The Madrid journals of the 2nd inst. are monopo-
lised with discussions pro and con on the approaching
Royal nuptials. There appears. to be little or no dif-
ference of opinion as to the union of the Queen with
Don Francisco D'Assis—the only repugnance evinced
is said to have been by her Majesty herself; arising,
as some say, from her dislike of Don Francisco, and
as others assert, from her attachment to his brother,
Don Enrique. All the Opposition journals are find-
ing every vr-j:-:ie reason against the marriage of tile
anlPUta •Liiisa with the Due de Montpensier, how-
ever unobjectionable the young Duke may personally
be—and he certainly is amiable, accomplished, ar.d
I high spirited. We have already ulverta to the long
and serious article in the Espanol referring to the
treaty of 1712, which bars the throne of Spain to any
branch of the house of Orleans. (By the way, the
Government seized the paper of that day, but not so
soon as to prevent the publication of many copies.)
To this El Heraldohaa made a lengthened reply, the
whole of which may be collected from the paragraph
which says :
" The spirit of this treaty, concluded at a time when the
condition of Spain was very different from what it now is,
was in order never to unite on one head, the two crowns of
France and Spa:it. So as not to disturb the political equili-
brium, to which in past ages more importance was attached
than at the present day."
El Tiempo asserts that Narvaez will be nominated
President of the Senate.

The Madrid correspondents of the various English
journals went in a body to call on Mr. Bulwer, to
inquire if it was true, as was reported, that he had
protested against the marriage of the Infanta with a
French Prince. The Ambassador replied that he had
not done so.

constitutional functions. The embitterment was the
greater on account of the fear and exasperation spread
through society in the colony, by the great experi-

We extract the following from a letter, dated
Madrid, Sept. 1 :
" The French cabinet never sou ht the handof the Queen
for a French Prince, a union which, as has been justly
remarked, would have been popular and well received in
Spain ; but it laboriously negociated the marriage of the
Queen, so as to obtain that of the Duke of Montpensier
with her sister, which now appears, not as a proof of the
influence, the tendency, and the interests of France, but as a
pledge of the power its government intends, leading to a
brutal despotism, of flagrant illegality which we are
doomed to witness, applauded by M. Bresson and repre-
sented by General Narvaez. You must not be surprised
that the announcement of the marriage of the Infanta with
the Duke of Montpensier was so badly received. Under
other circumstances, under ether auspices, as the personifica-
tion of a system of conciliation and legality, the Prince
would have been received with open arms. But he is looked
upon at present as a pledge given to the existing system, and
it is impossible to dispel this fear from the public mind, as
the marriage was settled under the influence of the friends
of Narvaczf and on the condition that no changes were to
occur in the existing state of things. The opposition
which has manifested itself is, therefore, great;
and to this circumstance may be attributed the attitude
taken by the independent portion of the press, on the ques-
tion of the marriage of the Duke of Montpensier. First of
all the progesiata journals who prefer Don Enrique as hus-
band tor the Infante, formally and conjointly protested
against the marriage with the French Prince. Their ex-
ample was followed by El Espanol and El Tiempo, which
opposed the marriage, fearing lest French influence should
give weight to the system of reaction, which is death to the
representative government in Spain."

SCIENTIFIC CONCREBB.—The Scientific Congress of
France opened its sittings at Marseilles on the Ist instant,
In the morning the members present went to the cathedral,
where a grand mass in music was celebrated. Ir. the after-
noon they assembled in the large concert-room of the Boisse-
lot. An opening speech was delivered by M. Roux, in which
he pointed out the numerous claims which Marseilles pos-
sessed to the choice which had been made of it for their pre-
sent scientific meeting; after which M. de Caumont was
named president, and MM. de Cussy, Forbin, Janson,
Wulfrand, Puget, and Cauviere, vice-presidents of the
congress.
THE LATE MURDER IN PARIS.—The criminal in-
vestigation relative to the murder of M. Jay, is concluded.
The charge of premeditation has been laid aside. It was
from the innocent revelations of his young child that M.
Jeune's suspicions were first awakened. M. Jenne and M.
Jay are well known to have had friendly dealings together.
About two months ago M. Jeune, whose real name is Yug,
returned home after an absence of a few hours, and finding
a young child alone in his room, questioned him, and asked
him had anybody been there in his absence? The boy
answered that M. Jay had been, and had had some
conversation with his (the boy's) mother. From that mo-
ment, the jealousy of M. Jeune was awakened, and he
watched so carefully the conduct both of his wife and Jay,
that he was not long in arriving at proofs of his dishonour.
On the evening of the 18th, he feigned a journey to the
country, bat, instead of going, concealed himself in his own
house. There, after, waiting some time, he had the oppor-
tunity of seeing Jay and hearing .the conversation which
took place between him and Madame Jeune ; and it was
only when he felt certain that crime was actually being
committed, that he determined to enter the apartment. As
he did so, he fired a pistol at M. Jay, but unsuccessfully. A
struggle ensued in which M. Jeune stabbed H. Jay twice,
mortally. M. Jenne voluntarily gave himself up, and the
declarations of his wife confirmed all that he stated.
FATAL ACCIDENT.—A sad event occurred on the
evening of the Ist inst., near the Hotel de Ville, at Paris, at
a house in the Kue de la Coutellerie. An escape of gas took
place in the cellar of M. Rouly, who carries on the business
of a wine-merchant. About 8 o'clock he went down into
the cellar with a lighted candle, which ignited a large body
of gas with a tremendous explosion, which knocked him
down. His shopman, who had followed him, gave the
alarm, but in trying to assist his master, shared his fate.
Several workmen rushed to their assistance, five of whom
also fell suffocated. Subsequently the whole of them were
removed from the spot. Three of them (including M.
Rosily) are dead, and four others are dangerously ill.
MADEMOISELLE RACHEL.—After a long negotia-
tion with the Theatre Francais, Mademoiselle Rachel has
given up her journey to Italy. She will spend three months
in the country, in the vicinity of Paris, in perfect retire-
ment, and will then resume her representations. Two young
members of her family are, it appears, to be engaged at the
Theatre Francais, out of compliment to her.
SPAIN.—The Infanta Luisa, the destined bride of
the Duke de Montpensier, is stated to be one of the richest
partia in Europe. Her father, Ferdinand, left at his death
a private fortune of nearly sixteen million piastres to his two
daughters, to be equally divided between them. It is pro-
bable that this sum may have been somewhat reduced during
the civil wars which have afflicted Spain, for money has
always been found influential throughout their continuance.
The fortune of Dona Luisa is, however, estimated at from 24
to 2.5 millions of franca, or a million sterling; and to this
must be added an allowance of three millions of reale, which
she receives from the State, though this amount would be
cut down if Queen Isabella were to have au heir to the
crown.

disgusting incident which we gave in our police in-
telligence two days ago, and to which further allusion
is made to-day. It appears in the midst of our
thickly populated metropolis, in some burying-grounds
where the space allotted for the purpose is small,
and more especially where vaults under the floor of
the church are used, that the bodies accumulate so
rapidly as to render it necessary at times to get rid
of the old tenants to allow room for new corners.
Whatever may have been the motives which had
dictated this practice in the case of St. Matthew's,
Friday-street, Cheapside, it would seem to have been
done with an indecency so great, and in a manner so
reckless of the feelings of others, as to call for the
severest reprehension. That the sanctity of the tomb
should be thus invaded, the remains of the dead ex-
posed to be trodden under foot by the destitute crea-
tures who gain a livelihood by picking over heaps of
refuse, and coffins chopped up and used as fuel, is a
thing so shocking, that we hope it will at once call
public attention to a system which seems necessarily
connected with these evils.

It should be remembered that this case is not a
solitary instance, and that to a greater or less extent the
same thing is taking place in every thickly tenanted
grave-yard in the metropolis. Bury as you will
and where you will, the body must decompose, and
allow of the escape of effluvia injurious to health
just in proportion to the amount of their dilution
with pure air. Burying-places in the country,
where there is plenty of space and ventilation, have
their noxious gasses so diluted as to be scarcely felt ;
whilst those in towns have them so concentrated, as
to lead to the most disastrous effects. Grave yards
in towns are also necessarily confined as to space ;
and long before the natural period of the decay of
the previously buried bodies, the ground is wanted
for fresh ones. Thus graves are constantly opened;
and an exhibition of the disgusting scene now under
enquiry, is daily going on, on a small scale, in every
churchyard of the metropolis. Let any one visit
these public grave-yards, let him go to the one in
Portugal-street, or to that of St. Sepulchre's, abutting
into one of the largest thoroughfares of the metro-
polis, and he may not take up a handful of the
soil without grasping the visible remains of
human bodies. Teeth, small bones, and portions of
large bones (large entire bones being buried again
for the sake of appearance), attesting the amount of
spoliation of the grave, are everywhere strewn around.
Setting aside altogether the question of public health
involved in these intra-mural cemeteries, there can be
but one opinion as to its influenceon the mind. Those
who are accustomed to such scenes of desecration must
have their moral feelings blunted ; and all whose
pecuniary interests would lead them to defend the
system as innocuous and free from objection, ought,
for the sake of the community, to have such a tempta-
tion to tamper with their higher and better feelings

meat of negro emancipation. Lord BIETCALFE'S
firmness, cordiality, and sincerity, re-established con-
fidence, and restored public business to its wonted
peaceable channels.

DON ENRIQUE.—A letter from Brussels, of the sth
Ttember, states, that the Infante Don Enrique left Ostend
for Ghent on Saturday morning. The Prince was accom-
panied by M. Calvet, his side-de-camp. The Sentinelle des
l'greneas of the 4th inst., announces that the Spanish Govern-
ment had sent positive orders to the Infante Don Enrique to
return to Spain. The Prince replied that he would obey the
order the moment he received satisfaction for the insulting
manner in which he had been exiled. No decision had yet
been adopted on the subject by the Cabinet.
ITALY.—FCRTHER REFORMS IN THE ROMAN
STATES.—Hie Eminence Cardinal Gizzi has addressed a
circular, dated Rome, August 24, to the governors of the
provinces of the Roman States, calling on them to adopt
measures calculated to improve the religions and temporal
condition of the poorer classes. The document states that
the Pope beholds with the utmost pain the quarrel., thefts,
and other misdemeanour constantly recurring throughout
th.i Pontifical States; that the chief causes of this state of
society must be found in the idle lifewhich the younger por-
tion of the population are accustomed to lead, and in a want
of proper instri.ction to prepare them for gaining an honest
living by their industry. His Holiness in conse-
quence states, that in addition to his wish to see
education and habits of industry generally dissemi
nated throughout his dominions, he proposes founding
without delay an establishment at Rome for the education
of a certain number of boys belonging to the working classes
throughout the states, so that they might be in the first
place removed from the spot where they were likely to con-
tract bad habits, and, in the next, might form a nucleus of
well-instructed non-commissioned officers, calculated to
suffice for the army required by the state. His Holiness
calls on the governors to apply to all persons under their
jurisdiction, particularly the bishops, municipal magistrates,
and provincial councillors, for suggestions to forward this
scheme, and to indicate the best mode of raising the funds
necessary for carrying it into execution. The circular, in
conclusion, calls on the governors to avoid mere theoretical
recommendations, and to confine themselves as much as
possible to practical matters.
TURIN.—In a few years (writes a correspondent to
the Athentruni)—five at the utmost—the railway will be
completed from Genoa to Turin; and another is contem-
plated to Lyons. A clever Belgian engineer has made
surreys, and declares that a tunnel seven English miles in
length will pierce Mont Cenis,—and that the engineering
difficulties are by no means insurmountable. Such a tunnel,-
if ever completed, will surely be one of the world's greatest
wonders! The principal streets and shops in Turin are now
lighted at night by gas made from Newcastle coal! The
latter is shipped to Genoa; and costs, including carriage to
Turin, 31. 3s. 2d. a toa. At the beginning of October next,
the whole city will be illuminated by gas. How the priests,
—who swarm here,—like these innovations, I know not:—
but, as the railway whistle will ere long be heard at the
doors of the Vatican, they are, I presume, reconciled to the
changes. The celebrated armoury here—formed principally
from the collections in Genoa—has been lately enriched with
several beautiful and rare suits of armour. The catalogue
now contains upwards of 8,000 objects; comprising every
species of offensive and defensive weapon used during the
middle ages. There is a shield worked by Benveunto
Cellini, which would make the fortune of a Wardour-street
curiosity vender. It is wonderful, indeed, in its workman-

at once removed. No
the clergy of the Church, nor no narrow-minded sec-
tarianism, should have force to prevent a speedy
removal of this unhealthy and disgusting practice.

on the part of

We have received with our private correspondence
the Paris journals of Monday.
Great preparations are making at the Tuileries for
the departure of the Duke de Montpensier for Madrid,
where he will be accompanied by the Due de Nemours.
The Duke de Montpensier is expected at the end
of the week from Strasburg, and the two French
Princes will Paris for Madrid on the 18th inst.
M. Guizot, who intended to leave Paris immediately
after the close of the session for his country seat,
will remain until all the arrangements for the Duke
de Montpensier's marriage are completed. No official
communication has been ereceived at the Foreign
Office in Paris from the English Cabinet on the sub-
ject since the resolution of the Spanish Ministry has
been notified.

According to the latest news received in Paris by
express, the hostility of the Spanish press to the
Duke de Montpensier's marriage aypftrs to have a
little subsided. The majority in its favour is expected
to be very large in the Cortes.
The Parrs and provincial papers continue to record
fresh incendiary tires daily.
The Rilonne states that Beranger is at present
seriously indisposed.
M. Odilon Barret will shortly leave Paris for Alex-
andria on a visit to his brother, the French Consul-
General there. The honourable deputy intends to
visit Syria, Greece, and Constantinople, and will be
absent about three months.

In Canada he was less successful. The Jamaica
public had only experienced a transient alarm for the
security of constitutional rights which they had exer-
cised for centuries; that alarm dispelled, the accus-
tomed constitutional system worked smoothly. The
Canadians were, almost for the first time, exercising
constitutional rights which had long been withheld
from them. They were most of them theoretical politi-
cians ; perhaps rather pedantic, like all theorists ; and
in their justifiable elation at a recent victory,
a little overweening and exacting. In India, Lord
Mirresum had been accustomed to do everything

Prince Frederick of Baden arrived on the 3rd inst.
at Strasburg, on a visit to the Prince of Montpensier.
A grand review was held in honour of his arrival.
Prince Frederick conferred the order of Fidelity of
Baden on the Duke de Montpensier, who presented
to him in the name of the King of the French the

himself ; in Canada, his ministers insisted upoii
doing everything. We will not take upon us
_ . _

to say which party was most in fault ; bui to us,

\ i I*.' 7! t -
1,-11
THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY' EVENING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1840.

ship! A camp, containing 40,000 men, has been formed
about 12 miles from Turin, and reviews on an extensive
scale will continue during the whole of the present month.
BELGIUM.—IIIE CAMP OF BEVERLOO.—BRUSSELS,
Sane. 6.—A1l the troops which are to take part in the
manceuvres of 1846, have arrived at the camp of Beverloo.
On Sunday last they were reviewed by General Baron Chau],
Commander-in-Chief. The appearance of the troops was
magnificent, and their evolutions were executed with the
utmost precision.
IMPROVED RATE OF TRAVELLING.—The first night
train, which left Brussels at half-past six on the evening of
the let of September, arrived at Paris, without stopping,
before half-past seven on the morning of the 2nd of Sep-
tember—that is to say, in less than thirteen hours. The
night train. which left rzisi rat seven reeina: last nigbl.,
arrives; this. MOrn'ing 4—..centy minutes past nine at the
Brussels ttation, with about the same number of passengers
ae the day train. The journey was performed with great
regularity and ease.
GERMANY. GREAT FIRE AT LEIPSIC. The
Courrier Beige of the sth contains an account of the late fire
at Leirrie, which broke out on the evening of the 29th ult.
at the Hotel de Pologne, and which continued to rage during
the whole night. The fire broke out in the cellar of the,HOtel
de Pologne, and the event was soon announced to the city
by the alarm bell. About ten o'clock the flames had already
committed great ravages, and rising to a considerable height
illuminated the whole city. At six o'clock in the morning
of the 30th the conflagration was still violent. The Hate]
de Pologne forms part of an extensive range of buildings
situated in the centre of the city, and is one of the
richest quarters of Leipsic ; the greater part of these
buildings have been destroyed by the flames. The fire
being pent up between the high walls of these buildings,
propagated itself with so much rapidity that it was with
great difficulty subdued, on account of the position of the
neighbouring buildings. Immense volumes of flame rose
from the centre of' this mass of buildings, like the eruption
of a volcano. Several serious accidents took place. A cor-
respondent of the Gazette de Cologne states that three per-
sons lost their lives by the falling of a roof, and that five or
six others were seriously wounded. Another correspondent
of the same journal states the number of killed at seven,
and of wounded at forty-three; but the Gazette Unirerselle
Allemande, which is published at Leipsic, officially announces
the number of killed at five, and wounded at nine. This
journal further says that at eleven o'clock a.m., on the
30th, the fire was entirely subdued, and that it was not
till then that the alarm bell ceased to sound. Thus
the flames continued to rage without intermission for 16
hours. The losses sustained by this disaster are very con-
siderable ' • the Hotel do Pologne, which has been completely
destroyed, is estimated at a value of 6,000,000 francs. A.
correspondent of the Journal de Frattrfort says, that if the
wind had been stronger, the city of Leipsic would have pre-
sented a second edition of the conflagration of Hamburg.
The Governor of Lcipsic had unfortunately left the city on
the morning of the 29th to go into cantonments, but the
troops came by train, and arrived at midnight to assist the
inhabitants, who were greatly fatigued, in the work of sav-
ing the city. The Gazette Iltuverselle Allemande states that
the fire originated in the store filled with oil of turpen-
tine vitriol, and other inflammable msterials.
&Unit:NISH IN GERMANY.—Paragraph second of
the resolutions of the diet of the sth July, 1832, is as
follows : " All political associations, or which have apolitical
tendency, are prohibited in all the states of the confedera-
tion, and the authors and abettors of such are liable to be
prosecuted." By a new clause of the 6th August of the
present year, the above paragraph has received additional
power. It has been decided that all communist associations
are to be comprised in paragraph two, and the leaders, abettors,
and accomplices of such associations, as regards treasonable
projects, are liable to the punishment awarded fur high
treason, according to the laws of the country.
DENMARE.—COPENHAGEN, Aug. 31.—8' an cw-
donnence of the King, given at Wyk, in the Island of Rehr,
dated August 22, and which has just been made public, his
Majesty has deprived five members of the nobility of
the Duchy of Holstein, from a personal vote at the
Diet of that Duchy. The nobles are Count Bulow,
Privy Councillor • Count Bulow do Rothcamp, Pre-
sident of the donvent of nobles of Itzehie ; Count
Frederick de Roventlow de Wottemberg, Prevost of the
Convent of Nobles of Preetx ; Count Theodore de Roventlow
de Jersbeck, Chamberlain and Prevost of the Convei.t. of
Nobles of St. John, at Schles ig ; and Count Ernest
de RovenUow, Chamberlain and Prevost of the Convent of
Nobles at Kiel. These five nobles are regarded as the leaders
of the German faction in the duchies, which is natural
enough, as they are sprung from families of German origin,
the chief of which were ennobled by the Emperors of tke
ancient Holy Empire.
HOLSTEIN, SEPT. I.—The Weser Gazelle has the
following :—" The King of Denmark received at Wyk, in
the Wend of Fiehr, a letter from the Emperor of Russia, in
which the Czar declares his readiness not only to renounce
all claim of eventual succession as agent of the house of
Denmark, but to engage the Grand Duke of Oldenburg to
withdraw his protest against the letter patent, on condition
that the King of Denmark would energetically and imme-
diately.oppose any existing or future revolutionary move-
ments is the duchies."

worthy to be placed beside those of the
quity.—l have the honor to be, Sir, your
St. James's-place, Sept. 4. DUD
MADEIRA, AUGUST 17.—RELIGIOI
The religious agitation which has been
island for some years, hail at length led
the most serious outrages on British pert
On Sunday, August 2, a body of Portugu
assembled for religious purposes in tt
Rutherford, a crowd collected, and dei
countrymen (the Calvinistas) should be
This, of course, was refused; the mob
position, and at length, at 11 o'clock at IA
house, searched it thoroughly, a", b
countrymen in the kitchen, s],,oienti. u
this moment the
1 ^'llee and Soldiery lipp
dispersed tne riotbrs, taking seven
custody. These men were, however,
confinement the next morning, on
no one had appeared to make a comp]
During the following week it became
that more serious attacks on Brititli resit
tated ; and on Sunday, August 9, at mid
lected round Dr. Kalley's house. The
miniotrador do coneilho, and the British c
spot with a guard of soldiers, but no i
to have been offered to the entrance of
having searched the house in vain fox
ceeded to burn and destroy his books,
&e. Dr. Kelley, who had been much a
previous night by various occurrences, 1
at three, a.m., and was, during the early
turbancee, concealed in the house of a fi
arrival of the Royal mail steamer in the
disguised as a female. The mob having
threatened to search the British consulate,
this on the consul consenting to go off in
head, and show them that Dr. Kelley wai
the steamer. That gentleman was shi
family, and proceeded in the ship to the \V,
rous other British families bare hOen
Misses Rutherford, Dr. Miler, and Mr.
families, are living on board a British vet
consul hsving declined to answer for their
own house. Mr. Dyster and Mrs. Freema
living at the consulate. A letter numerous]
presented to the consul, requesting him to.
man-of-war to protect British kiersons as
island during the present state of anarchy a
lemmas of the local government.—Staudao

SWITZERLAND. BERNE, AUGUST 31.—Switzer-
land presents a curious spectacle at the present moment.
The federal camp at Thun, which it was feared would give
rise to contentions, and which was on the point of being
postponed, has been held amidst perfect harmony between
the troops of the different cantons, whilst but a few leagues
distant, at Zurich, the deputies to the diet carry on their
deliberations amidst noi•e and anger, and make use of lan.
gunge, verging at times into personal abuse, unworthy of the
simple and noble bearing of republican represeutatives.
Question upon question is brought forward, and none has
been decided. The question of the Jesuits, of the convents,
of the amnesty, were obliged to be thrown up for want
of a majority; even in the nomination of general officers, it
was found necessary to have recourse to drawing lots, as it
was found impossible to procure any result by ballot. The
most important event which has recently taken place in
Switzerland is the establishment of the constitution of the
new government of Berne. This canton has given proofs of
late of a firm will and moderation, which is greatly to its
honour, not having retrograded in the line it entered upon.
The grand council consists chiefly of men firmly devoted to
the new order of things, and has just nominated the execu-
tive power, in which is comprised the staff of the free corps.
Among others, M. Ochsenbein, who will preside at the
coming diet, which consists of the same members as
thew who expelled him from the federal staff. He
will also preside over the federal council of war,
which has been appointed to carry into execution the decrees
of the diet. It is not, however, to be concluded from this
that the new government of Berne will give the signal for a
revision of the federal convention. It is, however, to be
hoped that, by its endeavours, the confederation will be
strengthened in its foundations.
PRINCE CZARTORTSKI AND THE AUSTRIAN Go-
, ERNMENT.—Sir: My attention has just been called to a
statement in the Express of the 2nd inst., on the audio-
, rity of a Vienna letter, published by the Frankfort journal,
I to the effect, that the sequestration which had been laid on
the property of the Prince's Czartoryski in Galicia had, in
consequence of an august mediation, been withdrawn ' • but
that the Prince, her husband, was to sign an engagement not
to interfere henceforth in Polish affairs. It is easy to believe
that there may be persons at Vienna interested in propagat-
ing such a report, which may have the double effect, first, of
inducing once more a belief in the paternal mildness of the
Austrian Government and in its desire to recal a measure
violent, indeed, but apparently justified by extraordinary
circumstances : and next, of throwing on the Prince himself
and his obstinacy, the blame of the continuance of a rigour
imposed on Austria by the necessity of self-defence. As
such a report, appearing [in a paper like the Express
may obtain credence among persons not acquainted with the
l'rinee's life and character, and as it will, no doubt, be
eagerly seized on by his enemies, I am anxious to take
the earliest opportunity of decaring my conviction,
that no such proposal as that mentioned would for a
moment be entertained by the Prince, even if the Austrian
government were mean enough to make it. There has been
no time for me to communicate with the Prince since read-
ing the article, but my knowledge of his sentiments enables
me to speak on the subject with the same certainty se if I
had received his instructions. Those, indeed, cm know but
little of him who can suppose for a moment that he would
dose, by the barter of his conscience for estates small in
comparison to those he has already surrendered at the call
of duty, a life spent in the service of his country, and made
up of sacrifices in her cause. It is no doubt remembered by
those governments, whose object is to destroy Poland as a
nation, and it ought to be remembered by the world, that it
was by " interference in Polish affairs," of a nature similar
to that which he now employs, that the Prince, at a time
when, as now, his country was without any regular repre-
sentative or national government, succeeded, by his influ-
ence his talents, and his indomitable perseverance,
in Making the voice of justice heard by the victors
at the Congress of Vienna. The concessions in favour
of Poland, in her divided state, which, in 1815, he
contrived to extort from the rapacity of some and the indif-
ference of others are a monument of glory to him. They
fall far short of his wishes, but they only exhibit in a stronger
light his sagacity, his practical wisdom, and his appreciation
,of rights, incomplete indeed, but at least placed under the
I guarantee of Europe. It was not by him that the arrange-
ments thus made were overthrown. For fifteen years they
have been set at nought by the three powers of the north,
and, with culpable carelessness, forgotten by the ether par-
ties to the treaty. The Poles, however, have other rights,
of which the treaty, which was not made with them, could
never deprive them—the right of recovering their political
independence. This they could only lose by voluntarily
abandoning it. But, on the contrary, they cherish the hope
of its re-establishment. They have with them the wishes of
all good men ; and Austria must feel that they have, in the
name, the talents, the character of Prince Adam Czartoryski,
a tower of strength. No wonder, then, that she should be de-
sirous ofextorting from him the species of renunciation already
mentioned. As to the Prince's giving in to a proposal as un-
worthy of him as of the august personage whose inter-
cession, according to the Frankfort journal, has led to the
intended clemency of Austria, it mutt be regarded as wholly
out of the question by all those having any knowledge of his
character. This conviction, no doubt, possessed the mind of
Lord Lansdowne when, in reply to some inquiries addressed
to him in July in the Howe of Lords by Lord Brougham on
the subject of the Princess's sequestrated estates, the noble
marquis, after expressing his confidence in the disposition of
the Austrian government to leniency, added, " that he was
sure that leniency would be unaccompanied by any condi-
tion which it would be unbecoming either to the character
or honor of the individuals to accept." The idea of the Prince
entering into any engagement of the sort would not, indeed,
be entertained by any person not wholly ignorant of the
history of his life ; a life furnishing such an example of pure
and disinterested patriotism, as will cause his name to go
down to posterity as an ornament of the present age, and as

SAN JUAN DE I.ILLO)
On the termination of the war v
after the miserable remains of their gi
sent off to Havannab, I went with two co]
Castle of San Juan de I.lloa. It is a tree
at all well manned. No wonder it had h
Had it not been for the raging of the
Mori
walls, and the want of provisions, the Moll
have taken it without a naval force very su
they then possessed, though they have net
force comparable to that one.
The outer walls of this fortress are of h
—upwards of twelve feet ; and in the positi
the walls are seventeen or eighteen feet ]
white stone. It is a very porous and rah
that balls do not split or crack it so much
themselves. These outer walla have bats
the guns were well planted, with here and ]
ner for a mortar. The inner walls are so a
the outer wells are gained it would still be
expense to the besiegers, if the garrison wee
to avail themselves of their position.
We entered the fortrzss from below at tt
which was of great strength, and very ski
and then went along a stone passage, wt
gateways, and " cunningly devised" nan
high stone walls on each sale. This was
canal, or moat, with a drawbridge over i
rived at flights of stairs, and passing up s
ascents, we gained the top of the grand
general characteristic is that of great strengt
room to work in. They mounted 120 long
of brass. They were, for the most part, in
tion. The mortars were of large calibre, th
good order as the guns. The powder magi
literally a dry stone well, plugged at the to
and having a round metal lid over the mo
upon the batteries.
We next descended to the inner works,
secondary walls by a circuitous route.
cawity to the besiegers of having guides
every turn of the works, the excitement
almost certuia to produce a confusion, in wh
presence of th,i guides would be lost, and t
onward might only arrive at a dead wall, a
upon the sea, or the mouth of a twenty-fou
circuitous route of our descent from the up
range of walls, was entirely exposed to the
guns grinning at us all the way, like so ma
as we traversed stone causeways and narrow
regiments might here be raked down, arts
quered the outer walls. But the chant
numerous; and one imperfection in the gi
otherwise perfect) may render it inapplicat
ridiculous. On an iving at these inner bit
the guns in a wretched condition. They
than a Chinese effect, "calculated" to strik,
mind. But one may imagine how very •
architect of this formidable castle would have
have seen his excellent arrangements fur the
certain destruction of the assailants thus rem
We now descended a very wide and steep
stain, which led us down into the grand a
little town, as one might almost call it. We
bottom through stone gate-ways (the archi
missed an opportunity for giving the besiege
retreating, and time to rally), and then foun
large open square, enclosed on all sides by T
the lower part of which displayed doors and
barracks, guard-houses, and shops of various 1
ofsuch articles as a garrison would need. The C
is at the further end. It was agenuine soldier
very bare of all ornament, except those of war, f
all over with the marks of shot and shell. it
balcony, intended to serve both as a protection
ing sun, and from the fall of missiles, was i
torn in long gaps. All the towers and buildi
vation had also been knocked about and delay
and shells from Vera Cruz, previous to tae su
castle. Butthe mutilationsand destruction did
affect the strength of the place. Very. few o
been dislodged ; even the outer batteries were
as to render them ineffective, with the except
ruins in one or two places. There 4 about a
of sea running between San Juan dc Ulloa, ai
Vera Cruz.

How strongly and skilfully this fortress is p
the reader has now some idea; but San Juan de
protected by nature; for, while the defences
have briefly described are chiefly devoted to
angle facing the town, those angles which
ocean on the opposite side, or back of the c
tected by long successions of rocky reefs, utter
approach of any vessel; of war. Many blac
wrecks, visible even at high water, attested solar
" terrors of the place." But in these drys i
understood by all military men that no place is
and that thorough soldiers, well officered and
will, and do, take any place. At what cost,
question. The thing can be done.—From a f

THE RIVER PLATE.
The following official despatches from II
Inglefield, in the River Plate, were published
Gazette:—

Vernon, off Monte
81r,—It affords me the utmost satisfaction to ham
to acquaint you, for the information of the Lords C
the Admiralty, that, by the arrival of her Majest;
Alecto from the Parana yesterday evening, f learned t
convening of 110 vessels of all 151Zell, had passed the 1
at Saint Lorenzo, by General Boras, to obstruct the
that river, and had arrived in /safety at Obligado, vi
of the British barque C'airdomer, and two Monte
which, having grounded opposite the batteries, wei
burnt by our people to prevent their falling into th
Buenos Ayreaua. Captain Hotham's anxiety tc
tins information to me, appears to have preven
sending me by this opportunity an official report
lion, which cannot fail- to reflect great credit ups
part in it ; soon, however, as I receive his report,
it for their Lordships' information, In the meantime,
tion that the English and French steam-veriaels were
boors engaged with the hatterica of St. Lorena°, and all
a vessel of the convoy roenped being bit, vet must per
a single casualty occurred un this uccasicii on board
eels. lam sorry, however, to add, that the satisfactio
the foregoing part of my letter is not unmixed with g
the loss of life on hoard the Lizard, on her passage u
the particulars of which their lordships will be tnfor
companjing copy of a letter from Captain Hotham, en
from her Majesty'. steam-vessels Aketo, Ilezrpy, a
their paatiages from Monte Video to the Bajada of Sant
manders of which vessels appear to have sated, wbi
batteries, with great judgmentand try.—l have,
(tlignei ) 8. IL Isom
Bear-Admiral and Comm

ILM.S. Gorgon, San Lore
Sir,—l have the honour to transmit official repo
manger Austen, of her Majesty's steam sloop .11er
14%7 iti.of her Majesty's sloop Lizard, and Lie:den:ad
s sloop Harpy, accompanied by a list of damai
spective vessels. It is my duty to bring the good coo
several officers in their engagements with the hadn't
renzo to your notice. The Alert° was especially placed
advantagei her Progress was retarded by towing three
vessels against a current of three knots, and a head I
exposed to the fire of seven or eight guns during an ho
and unable from the height of the cliff to make much
return. The two little iron vessels, Lizard and Harpy,
from their light draught of water, to run close under I
thus moped many of the shots intended for them ; the
hulls, and the list of killed and wounded, prove that, no
the precaution of their commanders, they suffered mu
officers deserve credit for the able way in which their
handle .—I have, are., (Signed) CHARLES liormi

"11. M. Steam Sloop "Cerro, River Para
Sir,—ln obedience to your orders, I have the honor
you, for the information of the Commander-in-Chief,
afternoon of Monday, the 6th imi., whilst passing up In
Majesty's steam sloop under my command, with three
tow, I observed the enemy aseembled in force in the I
erected on the heights of pan Lorerots. At twenty rain
I commenced firing shell and rockets, with a view to di
At half-post two the enemy opened a fire with round and
masked Id-pounder, placed on the edge of the cliff, whit
diately followed by the root of the enemy's gum, seven
of them apparently long 18-pounders. The tire of tho
quickly returned from her Majesty's sloop under my co
shot and shell. In consequence of the current, and
wind blowing, our progress past the batteries was ver
bling the enemy to keep up a smart, and, at first, a well
with grape and round shot, for an hour and ten minutes, w
range. Her Majesty's steam sloop was struck by eight
In her hull, beams by numerous grape, but I um happy
on this OCCOMOI2, we had not a man hurt. The schooners
likewise fired into by the enemy, and were hulled in
I am unable to state what damage the enemy sustained
I have the honour to inform you, that, in owning Tone
on the 10th of February last, we were engaged in her Mal
sloop dleeto with the enemy's batteries, and bad five men