The Express.
London, England, 1853-11-10 00:00:00

MINES.

WEDNESDAY EVENING.
The home mining stock market remains inactive.
Wheal Tremayne shares have been chiefly inquired
for, and show an upward tendency, after lout; exhi-
biting depression. The sales reported to us to-day
are :—Wheal Margaret, at 115, 120 ; Alfred Consols,
251, 26; West Providence, 32; Wheal Tremayne,
9} ; Batmen 3, 31; Yeoland Consols, 35,1 ; North
Buller, 8; ; Clive, 14, 2 . West Treasury, 35, 4 ;
Cook's Kitchen, 48s. 9d.; Mill Pool, 65; Wheal
Lemon, :3; East Margaret, 11.
Very little business was done in gold mining
shares, and the market was rather flatter. Aqua
Fria had receded to a to 2 prem., in the morning
but became slightly firmer atter the meeting (the
proceedings at which aro reported in another colamn).
The Lake Bathurst Company's shares, with It. paid,
have been dealt in at ss. and 78. Gd. per share. At
4 o'clock, Colonial Gold were quoted a to prem.;
Port Phillip, 7-16 to 5.16 dis.; Nouveau Monde, :1. to
prem. ; Agua Fria, 9-16 to ;1-16 prem.
The shares of the old Australian Copper Company
do not fully maintain their late improvement. Those
of the Grand Duchy of Baden Company were also
flatter. West Indian descriptions remain dull. Met
calfe Copper were last quoted a to ,1 prem.
The nominal closing pt ices of new undertakings are
as follows :—Mizen Head, to A die.; Lewis Hill
Range, a to 1 dis. ; Craigwen, par to t prem.;
Clarendon (of Jamaica), 1 to t pm.; Britannia
Gold. a to; per sh.; d'Or,l to J dis.; London
and Virginia Gold and Copper, 4 dia. to a prem.;
Mount Carbon Coal, a to 1 dia. ; Kenmare,
dis. to pm.; Lake Superior Copper, 1 die. to
par ; Connemara, die. to par ; Glenaulin' 1 to
die. ; Australian Mutual, to dis. • Chartered
Australian Land and ;; to dis.; Golden
Mountain, 1 to a dia.; Poltimore, par to 1 pm.; Great
Crinnis, par to d pm.; Gatnett and Moseley. 1 to
la prem.; Sue River (of Jamaica), A die. to A pm. ; Met-
calfe (of Jamaica), 1 to a prem. ; Adelaide Land
and Gold, 15 to Of di.. ; Australasian Coal, a to 4
dis.; Liguanea (ofJamaica), a to a dis. ; Port Royal
(of Jamaica), = to 4 pm.; British and Colonial
Smiting and Ili:dui:tie:4 5 dis. to par; Australian
Console, a to 4 dis. ; Albion Gold, 1 to 1 dis.; Lack-
now Copper, a to 5 di-'.; New Linares, 1 dis. to
par ; Peninsular Mining, to ;t prem.; Obernhof,
to A prem.; Angarrack Consols, par to a prem.;
Great Cambrian Mining and Quarrying, par to
prem.

THIS DAY.—Two °Twat.

The gold mining shares to-day are dull, with little
change in prices. NOUN eau Monde are quoted 5.16
to 7-16 prem.; Colonial Gold, to j prem.; Ages
Fria, to prem.; and Great Nugget, ato ; prem.
Australian Agricultural shares are quoted 411 to
421; I'ecl River, 11 to prem.; North British Austra-
Inman, .; to 1 prem.; and Scottish Australian invest-
ment, 11 to I'4 prem. St. John del Rey shares have
been dealt in at 39; Cubto at 141; Liaares at 12,i;
and United Mexican at 3:.

cite erprroo.

and beat both in detail, if that have not been
already done to his hand in cue of the latter corps.
This view of affairs can only be presented with
the hesitation which the brief and fragmentary
' character of the reports from the seat of vac, and the
yet imperfect development of the strategy of the
" generals on ben h sides, render necessary ; but on a
deliberate revit w of what has been written, it does
not appear that any unwarranted or partial inference,
or Lulu,: rt d fact, has been stated. It deserves to be kept
in mind that the communications of the Turkish army
n ith the sources whence they are to derive reinforce-
ments and supplies in their rear are much more open
and easy than thmie of the Russians ; that the
Turkish troops are in better health than the Rus-
sian ; and that the success which has as yet attended
the Turkish arms will inspire the Ottoman soldiery
with more confidence in thenarelves than the Mimeo-
'
Tates, all things considered, can be expected to feel.
A knowledge of the real weakness of Russia, and of
the traditionary tactics cf that Empire when it di,-
covers a task it has undertaken to be beyond its
power, would warrant our inferring from these facts
that peace is likely soon to be restored ; bu+, on the
other hand, there must be taken into view, as an
obstacle to this &Arable consummation, the obstinate
ambition and vanity of the Emperor NICHOLAS,
which appear to have stimulated him to a state of
frenzy. lie breathes war, and if he can make war
successfully will be ready enough to wage it.

TO COItItESP()NOF:NTS.
a Fee .•' ►:rton of '•lo hepreek."..etaanang the um• 10r.4
4. v. tte," Ie publahed every Late:‘, aokl Imlay -a ;a*
far poet.

alwria-araeota Hern.4..l for " Th. 6s:4er," (mad :n z ; . r,
mug be at Uw us.,, 10, Bout erw-steezi, by T. CA :..e
day t: pokwatke.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON
Timis Ilav—Moratrtg, 9b. !Cm Ioh.
T”.lgOalb" —MMus, llh. .....Mbersook •14. 3.3•

LONDON. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 10.

The more recent despatches from the D inube
though still sufficiently !monk—when cuml•ined
with those which preceded thcin, enable us now to
infer with tolerable precision the great outline of the
plan upon which the Turkish generalissimo is bring-
ing his army into action. Unless appearances are very
dee itful indict he is lint.ol:ing the fonts at his dis-
pose: with eonsumniate skill—showing that to his
energy and promptitude he adds a me gift of skilful
and comprehensive combine:on. Let us glance over
the he'd where the h vile tom are now arrayed.
The province of Wallachia spproaches in its super-
ficial configuration to a pea:telegram of nearly 300
miles in length by about 1:olo in breadth. On the
south-west, south, and south-east it is bounded by
the Danube. From the ncigl.bourhood of Orsowa to
a little beyond Widdin the course of that river is
near.y from north to south ; from the latter point to
the vicinity of Silistria its general course is from
west to east; and thence t. Calatz it flows from
south to north. The north. in boundary of the pro-
vince. for a distance of a ime .100 miles from its
western extremity, is a mountain range ; thence to
its eastern extremity an aflLient of the Sereth, which
flows eastward from where •lee mountains terminate,
and the Screth itself to its rmb .tiehure in the Danube.
The portion adze province which is enclosed on three
sides hy the Danube is generally low and flat; to the
north, it gradually rises to the base of the mono-
taie,. The western part of the province, between
the western frontier and the ricer Argish—compris-
log fully two•thirds of the whole—is divided into
three pretty equal parts by the valleys of the Schyl
and Ala% flowing from the northern mountains at
right angles to the Danube. The Schyl and the
Argish rise en the southern declivity of the moon-
bins; the Aluta rims to the north of the chain, and
breaks through it. The part of Wallachia which lies
to the east of the Argish is t!sected by the Jalome-
ritza, which floors from west to east. The Turkish or
southern bank of the Danube, from Orsowa to where
it ag_in turns northward, after flowing nearly 300
miles from west to east, is high and abrupt; the
Wallachian low, and apt to be overflowed. A little to
the north of the point at which the course of the
river turas from south to east is Widdin, on the
Turkish, and opposite to it Kalafat, on the Walla-
chian bank ; commanding the mouth of the Schyl is
Rahowa, on the Turkish bank; commanding the
mouth of the Aluta is Nikilsolis, on the Turkish
bank ; midway between the mouths of the Aluta
and Argish is Rustschuk, on the Turkish, and oppo.
site Giurgewo on the Wallachian bank. Bucharest
is situated nearly north of these place',
at a distance of some sixty miles, on an
affluent of the Argish, which intervenes
between it and them. 'l'urtuhai is situated on the
Turkish bank opposite the mouth of the Argish ;
Altenitza on the east of the Argish, in the angle
formed by that river and the Danube at their junc-
tion. Silistria stands on the Turkish bask of the
Danube, near the point where the river turns to the
north, and Schnell* is some eighty miles to the
mouth of it.

A NOTE in the Paris 31,1iiteur some short time
since annouaccd the abolition of all profit or charge
on the herds of swine let into the forests of the state
in the fall of the year to feed on acorns. " This
measure (said the Note) will have the effect of re-
sen•iog to the general use of the country the grain
and potatoes given, in default of other means
of fattening them, to swine; and thus diminish
the expenses of many families, and render them
assistance at a moment of rise in the price
of provisions." Such a measure as this, though
small enough in itself, and somewhat inconsistent in
a Government which still maintains the soundness
of the practice of limiting the sources whence its
subjects are to draw supplies of food, nevertheless
contains the recognition of the important principle
that the people of a country, irrespective of all pro-
prietary rights therein, have an interest in its soil
which may. in case of absolute necessity, justly con-
trol any selfish or hurtful use of the soil. The State
in France maintains large tracts of land as forests for
purposes it deems beneficial, such as increasing the
stock of fuel in a country where it is naturally scarce;
though certainly, now that the means of communica-
tion are so greatly improved, and the cost of transit
so largely reduced, a cheap supply of fuel would be
much more readily obtained by the free admission of
foreign coal. But in thus limiting the natural area
of trance devoted to the raising of food, the State
recognises the duty of giving the French people all
the benefit that is derivable for the production of pro.
visions from its forests. It maintains forests for a
purpose it thinks useful, and then on an emergency
opens them for other purposes still more useful.
Is there nothing we at home can learn from
this example? Can we not take a lesson from
the French Government is this, its proprietary
character? We confess to thinking that we can;
and that both our Court and our great High.
land Lords might take a very useful hint from
this transaction, and abandon a selfi,hness which, if
tending to promote the sport and the amusement of
the few, has become a very serious injury to the
many. The area of this island is limited, but
the population is, under a wise and natural
system of government, illimitable. To make
the Utmost possible use of the soil is, therefore,
the true policy of the nation, and the bounden duty
of its owners. Self-interest and gain will, in the long
run, induce proprietors in most cases to act on this
principle, as may be seen in the great agricultural
improvements everywhere going on. But there are
instances in which grand seigneurs, enjoying wealth
almost beyond the bounds of human avarice, will
sacrifice profit for the sake of enjoyment and excite-
ment, as may be observed in what are called the
deer forests of Scotland, on which we desire to at-
, tract attention now that mutton is some Od. per lb.
We do not at all undervalue the national import-
anoe of sport. Fox-hunting, grouse-shooting, par-
tridge-shooting, pheasant-shooting, even deer•stalk-
ing, are all very well in their way. They
keep the human frame healthy and vigorous, they
promote both a love of country life and of the works
of nature, they encourage rural residence, they renew
life and spirits when exhausted and jaded, and they
beget high courage and mettle. But sport may be
pushed too far. To overrun the pariah with hares
and rabbits at the expense of its green meat, is not
fair sport, but an abuse of sport ; and to isolate and
reduce to solitude great tracts of land, to expel there-
from and to keep thereout herds and flocks of sheep,
that Highland chiefs may have • few hundred head
of deer to stalk, is, we submit, a still grosser abuse
of sport, and one that propriety and goodness of
feeling alone ought to check.
Yet at this present time enormous tracts of land
in the Highlands of Scotland which not only are
capable of maintaining, but which in former times
did maintain and fatten sheep and cattle, aro mis-
appropriated and set apart for the production of
wild animals notoriously difficult to rear. On to
these tracts men aro forbidden to come,—from them
all settlement is excluded,—their improvement is for-
bidden; in short, they are reduced and kept at large
expense in a state of solitude and of nature for
red deer; and, as deer forests, an artificial value
is given to them. So far u the people of this country
and their food are concerned, Highland deer forests
are practically a deduction from, and a limitation of,
the area of the island ; and by this misuse of a large
portion of the soil and its appropriation to animals
firm nature, in which even those on whose domains
they are reared have no property, the price of provi-
sions of all sorts (for to reduce the supply of one raises
the cost of all) is augmented.

The principal Russian force is concentrated be-
tween Bucharest and the Danube, but parties had
been thrown out in advance as far as Kainlet. Some
of these parties were pretty strong, but still this was
dispersing the army over a longer line than its
numerical amount warranted. We observe at-
tempts are being made to palliate this mistake of
the Russian commander by alleging that he had
been led to expect support from Austria, which is
now withheld. When the faithless, Jesuitical cha-
racter of the Austrian Government is taken into ac-
count, this story looks plausible; it may, however,
be a mere invention and afterthought to screen the
strategetical blunder of the Russian general. The
main body of the Turkish army was concentrated in
the region between Silistria and Schumla ; a strong
body of troops was posted at Sophia, in the rear of
Widdin ; and the communication was kept up by a
chain of posts. The Turkish troops have hitherto
been healthy ; according to the latest accounts from
Bucharest, there arc at present 12,000 Russian soldiers
in hospital there. The advanced period of the sea-
son and the want of roads render it difficult, if not
impossible, for the Russians to receive speedy re-
inforcements ; the communication of the Turks from
Silistria with Varna—either direct or by Schusga—
b open and easy.

Keeping in view the outline sketch we have given
at the country and its principal positions, and the
account of the relative position and condition of the
two armies, we are in a condition to appreciate the
movements that have been made by Min PACHA.
From Widdin a corps crarnia has been
thrown into Western or Lesser Wallachia,
amounting, according to the most recent se-
coucts, to 12,000 men ; and the force stationed
round Sophia is stated to be advancing to support
them. The Russian troops in that part of Walla-
chia have fallen back without offering any serious
resistance. There is a talk of their making a stand
bilged the Sehyl, but at present they appear to be
is full retreat towards Bucharest. On the Eastern or
Lower Danube a strong body of Turkish forces has
been thrown acres near the mouth of the Argish.
No less than 19,000 men crossed from Turtukai to
Oltenitaa ; they were attacked by the Russians, but
made good their footing ; after a combat of
three hours, the Muscovites retreated, with a
loss of several officers, and 200 privates killed, of
six superior and eighteen subaltern officers, and .179
privates wounded, leaving the Turks (whose amount
of loss is unknown) to entrench themselves on the
north bank of the Danube. In addition to this,
2,000 Turks are said to have occupied Kalarache, a
small town or village in Wallachia, opposite to Sills-
trio, sad 2,000 from Rustschuk have taken possession
of an island in the Danube, between that fortress
and Oiergewo.

Of the area of Scotland laid down as deer forests
the public genemlly has no adequate notion. What
their aggregate extent is will be estimated and
appreciated by a few instances. The Atholl
Forests, the Inverceuld Forests, and the Mar Lodge
Forests, if we correctly read Mr. Senores work
on this subject, contain 134,946 acres. Altogether
they form, writes that enthusiastic deer-stalker, a
greater area of connected surface, kept expressly for
deer, than is to bo found elsewhere in Britain. Lord
BREADALBANIeS principal deer forest, Correchebah,
is about 35,000 acres in extent ; Garck contains 30
square miles; Benalder, from 30 to 33; Glengarry
stretches over seven miles of the pick of Inverness-
shire, and Apple-cross over six miles of Ross-shire.
Bat even these great areas are only a small part o
the forests of Scotland.
Now on these afforested domains of our modern
feudal lords neither civilised man nor domestic
animal must tread. Red deer are timid, and love

It appears, then, that in every affair between the
Turks and Russians in Wallachia, the latter have
been worsted. The Turkish force advancing
from Widdin is forcing the Russian detachments
in the western parts of the provinces back
upon. Bucharest, with a fair prospect of beating if it
eau catch them, or at all events of cutting them off
from the main body in front of that city. Again,
the advance of the main Turkish army has made
good its footing on the Wallachian side of the
banuhe, and holds both batiks of the Argish, which
lays the approutt to Bucharest open to it. To all
human appearance, therefore, it will be compara-
tire'y easy for OMER I'.►, II ►, by pushing on his main
to-c c -nwards liutharc,t, to form a junction with the
Turkish troops advancing from Kalafat ; to break
the lint (as they say in naval warfare) of the enemy;
isolate the body of Russians in front of Bucharest'
from that which is retreating upon it from the west,

solitude—disturb them, and they fly ; they will tole-
rate no competitor for herbage; they must be left
alone in their glory. They are, in truth, monopo-
lists of the worst sort ; for, even thus protected, their
rate of increase is very slow. The first mentioned
forests cannot muster 7,000 bead of deer; and on
Lord Hitt:thus 34,000 acres Mr. Sense'.
estimate is 1,7.00 head. Thus the deer roam about
monarchs of all they survey, increasing the artificial
value of their preserves by their very scarcity.

Yet, for their sake, sheep-walk after sharp-walk
has been cleared. The Garck Forest was let for sheep
from 1788 to 1814, " when," says Mr. SCHOPR,"the
late Duke of GontaoN re-established it." l)own to the
close of the last century, sheep occupied Glen Tilt; so
also in Glengarry Forest; it is not much above 30
years ago that the Forest of Corrcchebah was formed ;
from Benalder Cheep were only turned of in 1837;
and, if we are not mistaken, the PRINCE CONSORT hos
very recently enlarged the forests he has purchased.
. _

Now, all these forests can, we repeat, maintain
and feed sheep. The red deer is not a hardy animal,
and does not subsist by choice on coarse herbage : it
eats close like a sheep, and like it, too, is affected
with a murrain from bad food. Where it feeds and
procreates slowly, there, during six months at least
of the year, sheep will also feed and fatten. As
sheep-walks, then, these great tracts of country
would add largely to the best food of the country ;
as deer forests they seriously diminish it.
In a country such as Great Britain such a state of
things ought not to continue. The good sense and
good feeling of the great Highland proprietors ought
to restore the soil to its proper use—which is the
support of man, the promotion of his comfort and hap-
piness—not the stalking of deer. If these Scotch
proprietors do not see this, the time may come when
legislation sill have to be directed against the
existence of deer in the island as a public evil.

LATEST FROM ABROAD.

TIIE WAR ON THE DANUBE.

-

VIENNA, WEDNESDAY.
After the battle of the 4th the Turks began to en-
trench themselves on the left bank of the Danube.

The Russians were falling back on Bucharest on
the 4th and 3th.

The Czar has sent a message to Prince Daniel
urging him to attack Turkey with his Montenegrins.
Telegraphic despatches from Hermannstadt state
that Prince Gregory Ghika has left Jassy, and was
to arrive in Vienna yesterday (Wednesday). He had
wished to entrust the government to a council of
notables, but was told that this could not be
allowed. The Russians have taken possession of the
palace, the government offices, the archives, and the
exchequer.
Prince Stirbey, Hospodar of Wallachia, has arrived
at Vienna.

moreover it seems the affair of Isaatcha wee not, after
all, the beginning of the war. A courier seat dined
from the head-quarters at Shamla brought despatches
stating that before the muntermand arrived an en-
gagement had taken place in which there were killed
`and wounded on both sides. The ministers of the
Pointe themselves had not, says the Constant/untie/
correspondent, received any circumstantial details,
but the short account sent to them was as follows.
A body of cossacks, some hundreds strong, advanced
to the brink of the Danube, and appeared to threaten
the Egyptians encamped on the opposite side. There-
upon the Egyptians rushed to their boats and rowed
across the river. The Cossacks were not able to pre-
vent them landing and acombat took place. This story
is corroborated by a letter from Silistna, which, detail.
ing similar facts, mentions Oltenitza as the scene of
the action. Thus the little affair of Oltenitza, an-
nounced by the telegraph some time since, and gene-
rally discredited, turns out to have been a fact.
M. Alexander Dumas is about to bring out a
journal to be called the Mousguneire. It is
stated that the Prefect of Police hu refused to
I allow the new paper to be hawked and sold in the
struts, but M. Dumas will dispense with this verf
important aid to circulation, and trust to public
curiosity to seek his publication in the booksellers
shops. Barring accidents, the first number will
appear on Monday.

BELGIUM.

-•-

OPENING OF THE CHAMBERS.
BRUSSELS, TUESDAY.

BUCHAREST, Nov. 3.

This afternoon the ordinary session of the Legisla-
tive Chambers was opened by the King. His Ma-
jesty delivered the following speech :

Ue•tlemen,—At the close of the last session you ap-
plauded the proposed union of my well-beloved son, the
Duke of Brabant, with the Archduchess Marie llenriette
of Austria. This union you have since seen realised. It is
a guarantee of happiness for the heir to the throne, •
pledge of perpetuity to my dynasty, and at the same time
a new link binding us to Europe, and a pledge of the confi-
dence which Belgian nationality inspires. My heart is
glad, and the entire country rejoices with me. The impar-
tial and friendly 'milky which governs our international in-
tercourse is every day better comprehended, and the tame
policy assures the maintenance of out relations with all the
Powers.

Prince Gortschakoff has now extended the state of
siege over Moldavia. The Prince has not left
Bucharest to this day, notwithstanding recent events
in Lesser Wallachia, conceiving that his presence
may be required at points best to be reached
from this capital.

A number of measures which affect essential interests
have received their execution. The conversion of three
loans hu effected a considerable saving to the State. The
organisation of our military establishment hu given a
firmer position to t►e army and augmented .our means of
defence. This is a benefit which the army appreciates, and
of which its discipline, instruction, and excellent spirit
render it worthy. The devotedness of the army and the
civic guard will not fail the nation.

The progressive augmentation or the productive-
ness of the national imposts attests the prosperous silos.
tion of most of the branches of our industrial
sad commercial undertakings. My government is de-
vising mesas for confirming this state of things. Com-
merce is active. The Transatlantic Steam Navigation Corn•
pony is filially constituted, end is about to commence its
operations. The consular service is re-organised. The
spirit of enterprise, that indispensable element of great
Wain, manifests itself by constant progress. Our products
reach the moat distant markets, and gain still greater at.
ceptance in those when they were known before.
My ministers will invite you to lower the import duties
on raw materials, for the advantage of Belgian manufac-
turers ; they will also propose a measure for completing and
amending the patent laws. Tho public works decreed
nearly two years since are in course of executios, either by
the State or in virtue of contracts which it
has made. It is hoped that they will be com-
pleted within the terms respectively fixed for them.
Let us felicitate ourselves on this application of
the national activity—it will bear happy fruits. Already it
supplies useful resources to a portion of our labouring popu•
lation which suffers from the dearth of alimentary commo-
dities. This transitory calamity called for exceptional

The Turkish force which crossed from Widdin is
reported to be more considerable than was at first
supposed. Omer l'acha is not there in person.
The Turkish commander has thrown up intrench-
ments at Kalafat, and constructed a tete de pont,
from which it is inferred that a permanent bridge
will be made from Wallachia to tho eyot over against
Widdin.

Desertions to the Turks daily take place in great
numbers, notwithstanding the strict surceillanite
exercised.

The Russian troops under General Dannenberg are
echeloned from Krajowa to Sistine, their strength is
variously estimated at from 20,000 upwards.

The Russian commander has notified that " to
protect his army from the cupidity of mercenary
dealers," the price of supplies will in future be fixed
by the Russian military authorities. The commo-
dities are moreover to be paid for in bills, instead of
cash. The military authorities fix their own prices
on things they choose to " buy."
The two Princes have been got rid of, and Rus-
sian agents traverse the country, carrying on a sort
of canvass for the Czar, and preparing a list of his
supposed adherents. The people are promised a re-
mission of three-fourths of the existing taxes, besides
the construction of railways and telegraphs.
Another account states that "the government of
Wallachia is carried on by a commission, and the
Russians have seized all the public funds and trea-
suries. The prices of goods and victuals have been
fixed at a very low rate by the military authorities.
Whenever any dealer asks high prices, he is at once
seized and flogged by the soldiers, who superintend
the public markets. The Russians in their entrench-
ments on the left bank of the Danube make no pre-
parations to cross that river. The Consuls of France
and Great Britain expect instructions from their
governments, authorising them to leave the
country."
WARSAW, Nov. 2.

Prince Paakiewitch yesterday returned to this
city, with his family, from Home!. There is no
truth in the statement that he has been to St. Peters-
burgh.

measures. My government proceeded to execute the most
urgent of them on its own responsibility. It will submit
them to you for examination. A law hu been presented
to you on credit foncier. I hope that with the aid of some
amendments this question will receive a prompt and satis-
factory solution. You have adopted the first portion of the
penal code; the second part of this great undertaking will
shortly be submitted for your consideration. Yon will
also be called to vote definitively on the Forest code
as well as on the law of forced expropriation, that com-
plement of the mortgage system and one of the elements of
landed credit. A law modifying some provisions of the
military code will also be submitted to you for immediate
discussion. The examination of the reforms to be intro-
duced into our judicial organisation, in the notarial depart-
ment and in the depots do tnendicite, is proceeding without
loss of time. The government has just prepared, with
ell the attention which the question demands, the system
of rates intended to regulate the administration of our cha-
ritable establishments and foundations.

Public instruction continues to be developed in all its
degrees. Industrial teaching is propagated. The teaching
of the commercial sciences is established. A superior in
stitute of commerce has been organised in one of our great
towns with the aid of the government.
The efforts made to introduce more enlightened systems
of agriculture have not been unfruitful; experience permits
the presentation of a definitive system of teaching; it will
be shortly submitted to your deliberation. The existing
laws on the exercise of the various branches of the healing
art and on sanitary police require additions. A new biU
has been drawn up on this subject. Combined with an in-
telligent system of public hygiene, it will have a beneficial
influence on the sanitary state of the ceuntry.
The moral and material well-being of our populations
and the consolidation of Belgian nationality, such is the
twofold object of our common task. To this my govern-
ment, sustained, I hope, by your patriotic concurrence, will
devote its constant cares; and, gentlemen, our end will
surely be gained, if Belgium, acting as heretofore, continues
to enjoy its independent existence with dignity and
prudence, and in a manner to conciliate more and more the
esteem and confidence of foreign nations.

THE RUSSIAN DECLARATION
OF WAR.

The following letter confirms the brief announce-
ment which we have already published :

BRUSSELS, WEDNESDAY.
A telegraphic despatch from Berlin, of this day's
date, runs as follows:
"The Journal de St. Petersburg has just arrived.
It contains an Imperial manifesto of the 21st ult.
That manifesto declares that, Russia having been
provoked to the combat, it only remains for it to
have recourse to the force of arms, in order to com-
pel the Ottoman Cabinet to respect existing treaties,
and to obtain reparation for the offences by which it
has replied to our moderate demands and to ou
Borthodox
alite solicitude for the defence of the
faith in the Bast."

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

Letters from Constantinople are of the 27th ult. It
was on that day that news arrived of the commence-
ment of war on the Danube. On the 25th the re-
maiming membersof the Russian chancelleryembarked
for Odessa on board an Austrian steamer. ltd Won-
ley, Colonel Buckley, and other British officers, had
left the capital to visit Omer Pacha at his head-
quarters. A new Turkish man of war of 100 guns
was launched on the 22nd in presence of the Sultan
FRANCE. and high public functionaries. From this scene the
—..— Sultan proceeded by water to Ainali Karak, where
PARIS, WIDNESDAY Evzsineo. the keel of an 84 gun screw steamer was to be laid.
The Patrie announces the important victory gained The following note was addressed officially by the
by the Turks in the Danubian provinces in similar Sublime Ports to the representatives of Austria and
terms to those of the telegraphic despatch. Prussia, dated (18th of the Nlouharrem, 1270), 21st
This is an event of great importance. It indicates
October, 1853 :
on the part of the Turks admirable decision. The first
It is a matter of public notoriety that Russia, in violating
shock was terrible on both sides. It is stated that Omer existing treaties by the occuipation of the twofPeincipali-
Paclatia object in crossing the Danube at several points ti": "
has his
wereatiintgtkdar act of
oaf ndaig'cruelttioesj, ucsotim3l; :Tied and
simultaneously was to divide the attention of the sublime Porte to take up arms for the defence of her right..
Russian army, so as afterwards to be able with effect whilst the Ottoman government, with the desire of main-
to concentrate him forces upon a single point. The taming peace, pursued on the contrary a conciliatory line of
fact of a double engagement in Asia appears to beof the gatirdiaieciielin viirit ye oillateh:
confirmed. It was, it is said, also favourable to the Zaat,Loref 1841,
,
conduct, and repletes witthemnrle
ag° ainstli tforeign ships of wase,mbu the taste
Turks, but we have no sufficient particulars yet. of war produced by the acts of the Russian cabinet hoe
It can scarcely be necessary to contradict the placed the Sublime Porte under the necessity of securing
rumour of an armistice, when positive facts and the for herself the advantage of right which accrues to her
whole aspect of the situation have such a totally from that convention, and the fleets of France and England,
opposite character. the august allies of the Sublime l'erte, have been invited to
enter into the Straits of the Dardanelles. The necessary
The above news may, I believe, be regarded as firmans have been despatched on that head to the Governor
authentic. It has certainly been received at the of that Strait, and I have received the command of his 1m-
Ottoman Embassy, and is generally credited. perial Majesty the Sultan to give to your Excellency an
At the Bourse the Threes opened with a full 35e. in your quality of
official constnunoittlieoncoeufr:hN rAsueuluttisorofi
from yesterday. Some "discounts" announced occa- representative
to. .
soeaoove-mentioned treaty. I take advantageuln aol?athlys
sioned a slight advance, but the great news of the opportunity to offer your Excellency the USW sue° of my
day soon got wind, and the Rente fell for the close to most distinguished consideration Re-eniu.
73fr. 80c., being a fall of 55c. Other securities were The Illiliderer of Vienna has news from Omer
not so sensibly affected. The St. Germain railway Pacha's camp to the 28th ult. On the preceding
rose 20fr.; Western, 3fr. ; and Strasbourg, 2fr. 30c. day by 12 o'clock, 12,400 men had passed the river
The other lines fell, but not very considerably, and at Kalafut. On the 27th, Omer Paella was certainly
in no instance more than 10fr. on the right bank of the river. The vanguard of the
A Council of Minister, was held at St. Cloud this corps advancing from Sophia had reached Widdin.
morning. The troops which had then catered Wallachia would
An important and interesting piece of intelligence forni the left wing of the corps which was to operate
from the theatre of war is given by the Constatitionsirt, in the Principalities. 'their first destination would
1 under date of Constantinople, Oct. 27. At that time be Krajova, and as soon as the other troops had
it appears to have been officially communicated to advanced to their support, the river would be crossed
. the Porte by Omcr l'acha, that the conditional order at other places. The news that 0,000 Russian
I sent to him to suspend hostilities arrived too late, ttnd horse were in Kralove. deserved no credit, but it was

[certain that the 2,000 Lancers, who pushed on in
' forced marches from Slating to Krajova, were the
vanguard of an advancing corps. The intelligence
that Dannenberg's army corps, of 40,000 men and
more, is already in Lesser Wallachia, and its place
filled up by Osten-Saeken's corps, was positively
false. Up to the 25th October, Osten-Sackens
trovs had not crossed the Pruth. The news of the
passage of the river created a great ferment in Wal-
lachia, and in some places there were even demon-
stratlons against the ltussians. This is probably
the reason why the state of siege was proclaimed, a
measure to which the Russians never before resorted
in these countries.

The Patrie says a division of the Russian Baltic
fleet is anchored, and will pass the winter at Hel-
-1 singfors, the capital of the grand duchy of Finland,
and not at the Swedish port Ilelsingborg, at the
entrance of the Sound, as several German journals
have reported.
Private letters frog Olessa of the 22nd say that a
large number of Russian naval officers and sailors
had lately passed through that town, on their way to
Sebastopol. It was reported that the greater part
of the crews of the Black Sea squadron had been sent
into the interior, and replaced by picked men from
('ronstadt, who had long been on service in the Baltic.
For the rest, commerce continued active, and several
merchant ships had arrived in the port within a few
days.
It is now considered certain that Persia will re-
main strictly neutral. It appears that to bribe her
to act against Turkey the Czar went so far as to offer
Persia several of the principal provinces of Asiatic
Turkey, and to pay the expenses of the war. The
court of Tebelita was much tempted by the offer, and
hesitated for a long time, but news arriving from
Europe of the decided attitude of Franca and Eng-
land,
the English charge-d'affaires made the Shah
acquainted with the true state of the ease, and gave
him to understand that by taking part against Tur-
key he would run a great risk, w hile by remaining
neuter he would be sate in any event.
The new Greek patriarch at Constantinople, ac-
companied by a great number of members of the
clergy and of the most respectable of his co-religion-
ists, proceeded on the evening of the 24th ult. to the
residence of lteschid Pacha, and handed to him an
address full of assurances of sympathy and devoted-
ness to the Ottoman Porte, in the name of the whole
Greek community.
The Press of Vienna quotes a letter from Con-
stantinople, of the 4th, stating that the Ottoman
Porte has decided upon taking foreign officers into
its service, and that this resolution was come to on
the 21st ult. in a council that lasted all night.
The Colopie Gazette, under date of Berlin, iith,
says:—" It is positively stated that the British cabi-
net has invited all the courts represented at the con-
ference of Vienna to recommend to the Ottoman
Porte the new project of mediation, by a collective
note of the ambassadors of the Four Powers. The
contents of this note relate, it is said, to the treaty of
1841, in which the Five Powers guarantee to the
Sultan the inviolability of his sovereign rights, and
expresses the sincere desire of seeing the tranquillity
of his empire consolidated. In the project of the col-
lective note, the assurance given by the treaty of 1841
is renewed. The note does not contain any fresh
guarantee. The question is to know whether this
note, which as yet is only a project, will obtain the
approbation of the other powers represented in the
conference. England and France are alone in
accord."