The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-10 00:00:00

EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER. 10, 1848.

ma's case, shall find that the landlo,-d, rsonally, who had pushed the two countries to such
agent, luis been, in that transaction, not only coin
pnthat it was not the United States, but President FOLIC
miffing a grievous wrong to the tenant, but has a extreme.
actually compelling a retrograde course of farrtni23.,
Mr. BASKIN held his farm according to the custom of
the country, by which, on quitting. he would have
been entitled to be paid, for " all fellows, hay, straw,
dung, compost, Bce.' having paid for the same upon
his entry. lie might Lave grown good root crops,
and farmed well up to the last year of his occupation
raider the assurance of being paid, to some extent at
all events, for the increased value of such par-
ticulars. The benefit to the landlord, or, what is the
same thing, to the next tenant from this, is obvious.
The farm is not materially let down in its condition.
The new tenant at once finds keep for his stock, and
the land in a state for immediate production. Be
avoids the loss of time and great outlay which are
necessary to recover a farm allowed to get into bad
condition. And we see that, in fact, under such terms,
the tenant states that he was steadily improving his
farm. One would have thought a wise landlord or
prudent agent would have been content to let such a
tenant alone. But no, for some reason or other, he is
called upon to enter into an agreement by which he
is to "consume upon the farm all the hay, straw,
helm, stover, turnips, and to leave all the muck
arising tLei efrom for the benefit of the landlord or
his incoming tenant, without any allowance for so
doing."
Such a requisition is plainly unjust; but, waiving
that point what is its effect? Why, as might have
been expected, the hand of improvement is arrested.
The whole force of the farmer's teams is no longer
employed in bringing manure or lime upon the
farm. The object of the tenant is at once inverted.
Instead of farming for an indefinite future, he strives
how to extract the most produce from the land, in the
shortest time, and at the least present cost. The en-
terprising tenant is suddenly converted into the nig-
gard farmer. A wholesale act of appropriation by
the landlord is the direct and immediate cause of the
deterioration of his estate. The very buildings
erected by the tenant are paid for grudgingly, and as
' a sort of favour, in the final settlement. And in this
particular instance it must be borne in mind that the
farm is situated so near to London that it may often
be most advantageous to the land to sell oft' great part
of the produce, and carry back a quantity of manure
far more than an equivalent.
Let us contrast this with the means recommended
by our more intelligent landowners for inducing tenants
to adopt high farming. We pass by, on this occasion,
the restrictions and qualifications which render such
means comparatively inoperative ; our purpose is to
deal with the principle.
On Lord Ysanosounies estate, in Lincolnshire,
a tenant would be entitled on leaving his farm to an
allowance for bone dust used daring the previous
three years ; for marl or chalk during the previous
seven years; for lime during five years; and the same
for claying light land. A proportionate part of the cost
of draining executed during the last seven years if done
with tiles, or during the last four years if done with
thorns, is allowed to the outgoing tenant. Fellows
are paid for. Buildings are also allowed for. These
are established allowances ; and, of late, an allowance
is made for the oil-cake consumed by cattle on the
farm during the last two years. Here we see that
the system of allowances to the outgoing tenant is
extending, not contracting. Additions to the custo-
mary allowances are assumed, and justly so, to be
inducements to good farming, and to be beneficial
to the landowner.
So again, the Loughborough Agricultural Society
resolved, that various allowances ought to be made to
the outgoing tenant, some of which are most appro-
priate contrasts to the agreement enforced by
Mr. SHERIDAN on his tenant. For example,
the Leicestershire agriculturists say, "an allow-
ance ought to be made for four years for
the cost and carriage of all dung and night soil,
which may be spread upon the land." Again, "an
allowance ought to be made for turnip fellows ;
namely, the working, rent, and taxes to be calculated,
and the crop of turnips to be valued, and one-half of
the value of the turnips to be given to the outgoing
tenant." Such, and other allowances referred to, are
given when all the produce, except corn, wool, meat,
and dairy produce, is consumed on the land. Yet Mr.
SHERIDAN's agent may imagine that he promotes the
interest of his employer, by withdrawing all allow-
ance from the tenant, and insisting that he consume
all the produce upon the land " for the benefit of the
landlord without any allowance for so doing." That
there are too many landlords and agents who act upon
such narrow views sufficiently accounts for much of
the miserable farming we see in all parts of the
country.

Intelligence has been received, rid Panama, from
Wellington (New Zealand), to the 4th of August.
..I‘ave received no mere, but among our letters of
the
we find the li/owing public news :
that dat.,
A crisis hab arrived. The Governor, with all his avail-
abe fame, ~,deavouring to destroy the f‘waswiirms of
those natives who hate been trooblesome for so long a period
—and it is expected hut the preee:t mail will convey news
of his Emcees, of which but little apprehension exists. People
are beginning to be inspired with fresh coMidence and hope.
There is plenty of business doing; the norkets are well
supplied from Sydney, and it creates some tueprise that so
few shipments are mado direct from London."

The Paris journals of Tuesday present no topic of
foreign interest.
Although nothing has been communicated to the I
public through the organs of the ministry, consider-
able anxiety is felt respecting the financial crisis
which now menaces the commercial interests, and
efforts have been made without effect to induce the
government to avoid the necessity of drawing out the
balance which now stands in favour of the 'treasury.
With this view, Count D'Argant, the governor of the
Bank of France, had a long conference on Monday
with the Minister of Finance, who, however much he
desired to afford the means of relief sought for,
found himself in a condition to render his refusal
imperiously necessary. The thirty-five millions
which now stand to the credit of the Treasury
on the books of the bank are intended to pay the in-
terest of the 3 per cents,,which will be doe in January.
Our correspondent has been assured that the house of
Rothschild has intimated to the bank that it will,
before the end of this month, place fifteen millions of
specie at their disposal. The result of the negotia-
tions which have been opened with English and Dutch
capitalists for a temporary loan were not known in
Paris on Tuesday. The amount of specie in the bank
was rather augmented ; it amounted on Tuesday to
103 millions, of which 20 millions were in the chests
of the provincial branches.
An entertainment was given to the Bey of Tunis
on Monday, at Vincennes, by the Duke of Mont-

pensier.
The Debate contradicts the statements made by
some journals that the Turkish Ambassador had de-
manded his passports on finding that the Bey was
received as a sovereign prince.
Advices continue to be received of further supplies
of corn arriving by the port of Marseilles. At Con-
stantinople there had been exported in the ten days
ending the 16th ult. 37 ships taking 110,000 hecto-
litres.
In the week ending 16th ult. 600,000 hectolitres of
grain had been exported from Constantinople, and
there had remained in the warehouses 300,000 hects.
exclusive of those expected from the Northern pro-
vinces. At Smyrna quantities of corn were waiting
for exportation for want of vessels. Advices from
Salonica, of the 11th ult., say that considerable pur-
chases of grain had been made for Western Europe,
and especially for France. On the 6th and 7th inst.
653,783frc5. were paid into the savings bank of Paris.
The disbursements for the corresponding week being
1,02.1,837fre5.
The Moniteur contains a royal ordonnance, declar-
ing that though, according to the treaty of Commerce
and Navigation concluded in 1826 between France
and England, which ordains that the products of
Asia, Africa, and America, imported in French ves-
sels into England, and in English vessels into France,
were to be admitted only in bond for re-exportation;
yet, ander present circumstances, as it would not be
advisable to throw any, obstacle in the way of ob-
taining additional supplies of corn, the said treaty is
I suspended until further orders in what relates to
American corn and flour imported from British ports.

The Madrid mail, with the journals of that city-
and private correspondence of the 2nd inst., was re-
ceived in Paris on Tuesday.
Their contents are destitute of interest. It was
said that the Infant Don Enrique was to receive a
high rank in the Spanish navy, and a marriage be-
tween him and one of the Princesses of Naples was
talked of. The statement that the Queen Mother
and Count Bresson had interfered in the late minis-
terial crisis is contradicted. It was apprehended
that that event would operate unfavourably for the
ministerial party in the elections.
A letter from Madrid of the 2nd gives some
further details relative to the late fire in the Govern-
ment offices in that city :

It commenced in the archives of the Minister of War,
and, spreading with fearful rapidity, soon destroyed the
buildings occupied by those offices, and communicated to
the portion of the edifice now used for the sittinits of the
Council of State. The archives and valuable furniture have
been totally destroyed. The silver inkstands and the cash-
box of the Minister of War were either melted by the flames
or have become the prey of the first persons who entered the
place. The loss of the archives of the war department is a
truly national calamity. The keeper of the archives left his
office as usual between four and five o'clock, after seeing all
the stoves put out with which the place was warmed. For-
tunately, all the papers connected with periods antecedent to
the present century have been saved, but various documents
relating to the personnel of the army, and military and judi-
cial affairs, have been destroyed. No cause can be assigned
for this calamity.

IP we weretobelieve manifestoes and proclamations,
military despatches, speeches at patriotic feasts, and
comments in public journals, we should say that the
Mexicans were determined to make their war with
the Anglo-Americans a war "to the knife." But
there is sad disunion in the midst of all this exuberant
patriotism. And parties in Mexico seem to hate and
mistrust each other even more than they do their
foreign foes.
•

The combination which upset PAREDES, (=using
him of monarchic tendencies, and which recalled
SANTA ANNA to succeed him, was composed of very
heterogeneous materials, some of the new Ministers
being personally attached to SANTA ANNA, whilst
others were of the old Republican and Federalist
party, who rallied to his name faute de mieur. Both
factions, no doubt, sought to extend their influence at
the expense of their colleagues. And there arose the
usual struggle between a governmental and a demo-
cratic party, both of them sitting in the administra-
tion together.
A portion of this struggle is curious as exempli-
fying the state of opinion in Mexico. Clubs for
debate were formed amongst the Federalists, which
struck the good Catholics with horror, though we
cannot see any political heterodoxy in their notions.
The Catolico accordingly denounced to SANTA ANNA
the Federalist Societies for preaching such abomina-
ble doctrines as the necessity of tolerance, the expedi-
ency of cull registers, the curtailing of ecclesiastical
privileges, and a better repartition of church tempo-
ralities. These symptoms of political heresy. may
prove more dangerous from the suspicious circum-
stance of their being borrowed from the Anglo-
, Americans. The more influential patriots, however,
denied their participation in such doctrines.

LISBON, Nov. 26.
The delay in the arrival of the Madrid steamer,
now due four or five days, prevents me from confirm-
ing or denying the account of Cazal's achievement at
Villarandello, on the 16th. The bulletin (No. 29),
published clandestinely by the Das Antes party, admits
the correctness of part of the account, but asserts it to
have been concocted, as far as regards the main story,
in the War-office at Lisbon.
Nothing new has transpired from the principal
scene of inaction, Santarem and Cartaxo. Col. Wylde
left this morning for Saldanha's head-quarters, and is
expected to return on Saturday in time to despatch
the Cyclops on the 30th. I am enabled to confirm
the supposition contained in mine of the 20th, per
Royal Tar, as to the remonstrance sent by the Colonel
to Saldanha. The answer sent by the latter is not
only highly characteristic but also very ludicrous. If
I cannot procure copies, which I hope to do, for the
packet, I will send you a summary of this correspon-
dence. An anonymous paper has been widely circu-
lated this day amongst the courtfparty, wherein it is ar-
gued that the very fact of Col.Wy 'de's having been sent
here at the request or instigation of the Duke of Pal-
mella, ought to be sufficient to deprive his mission of
all value in the estimation of the Queen's friends.
The recent decree of the Finance Minister, respecting
the Bank of Portugal, is viewed with very great dis-
trust by the mercantile and financial classes here.
General Prim, attended by two other gentlemen,
arrived here on Sunday last. On Wednesday the
police authorities, accompanied by two soldiers, called
at the Peninsular Hotel, where the General had taken
up his quarters, and gave him to understand that he
must quit Lisbon within twenty-four hours. It
would seem that this officer and his companions
having landed at Oporto provided with proper pass-
ports from the Portuguese and Spanish ministers In
London, obtained from the Junta of Oporto another
passport, which enabled them to traverse the districts
between that city and Lisbon in safety. On their
arrival at the capital one of the number gave such a
flourishing account of the condition and prosperity et
Das Antes and his adherents amongst the rural die-
tricts as to excite much alarm, and some lighter sen-
timent at the supposed absurdity of these statements.
The result, however, was the visit which I have above
referred to ' • and notwithstanding an appeal made
to Senor Gonzales Bravo, on the part of Prim, the
order to quit the kingdom was enforced, and his
passport was tised by the Spanish Minister for
Cadiz and Madrid. The letters which passed on the
occasion are somewhat amusing : copies of them are
before me, and I will transmit translation by the
packet.
The principal members of Saldanha's staff wr

The formation and arming of the several battalions
of the national guard, placed, or were about to place,
arms in the lands of these different political
parties. On the threshold of this armament General
BALA% the chief of the executive, either took alarm,
or affected to do so, and ordered some of the battalions
most faithful to him to take a post of defence
in order to prevent the city from being sacked by the
anarchists. This alarm occurred on the 14th nit.
It passed over. It was however renewed on the night
of the 18th, some rumours and crowds offering pre-
text for such fears. General Ssi.ss shut himself up
in the citadel, and despatched troops to arrest his
colleagues, or ministers, Gosia FARIAS and REJON,
chiefs of the democratic party. The soldiers seem to
have failed in surprising the ministers in the palace
of the Government, and a momentary reconciliation,
or at least a cessation of arms, took place, the result
of which was the dismissal of REJON, of PACHECO, and
of General 'Altus.

These emeutes and changes were followed by ban-
quets given mutually by the democratic battalions of
the National Guard to their brethren. Union was, of
course, the great toast, and Death to the Anglo-
American, the loudest. And the result seems to
have been a trace or reconciliation, however short-
lived, effected by the sacrifice of the more democratic
ministers.
The projects of SANTA ANNA would be more import-
ant to fathom than these struggles of parties in the
metropolis. His concentration of troops at St. Luis
de Potosi, withdrawing even those at Tampico, and
his simultaneous seizure of the two millions of dollars,
destined for England, evinces a determination to pro-
tract the war, and wear out the Anglo-Ame-
ricans. And, certainly, if the Mexican commander
governed his tactics by the political position
of President Pots in Washington, as well as by that
of General TAYLOR at Monterey, he would persevere
in prolonging the war. For not only has it become
unpopular in the United States, but very much so
even at the head-quarters of the army. The throwing
down their arms by the Texan volunteers the
moment their term of service had expired, is a preg-
nant proof; and one of AMPUDIA'S despatches states
(what he could not well have invented) that all the
American officers at Monterey admitted the injustice
of the war, avowed their desire of peace, and declared

in Lisbon yestirday, viz., his Adjutant and Quarter-
master-General, and some other officers.
Half-past 4, p.m.—Jwit as I am about to close my
letter, the Madrid has been signalled as entering the
Tagus she has consequently been out rather more
than nine days. The boats on this line appear to be
quite unequal to the service which they have to per-
form ; and, as a very heavy subvention is paid to
the company, for the express purpose of carrying
the mails, the government or the Post-office ought,
in justice to all parties, to insist upon more efficient
steamers being put on this duty.

ROME, Nov. 28.
To the denizens of Rome there is newly opened an
abounding source of gentle merriment in the perusal
of French and German journals, whenever the affairs

.

& ,

of this metropolis are introduced—which is now of
constant occurrence, though it would seem that the
matrimonial imbroglio of the Spanish peninsula and
the subsidence of Cracow from the map of Europe
ought fully to engage the energetic spirits engaged
in editorial redaction. Paragraphs of hazarded news
are ventilated at "Nuremberg,' or take wing from
Frankfort and Cologne, birds of good, or: ae it may
be, of evil, auomf_7, were never seen from this
Vatican hill, 'tut belong rather to what in French
newspaper dialect is called canard, anglic, a species
of literary wild duck. Fabulous onslaughts on the
Jesuits in various small towns throughout the
Romagna are favourite game of this description with
the press of Paris. Ncrone in Rome is cognisant of aught
—save a few vocal manifestations of dislike, never
approaching personal violence—of the scenes such as
are represented to have occurred in Fano and Perugia.
The pamphlet of the witty Giobcrti (severely pro-
hibited in Naples, Modena, and Lombardy), attacking
the society's line of Italian policy, under the title of
" Prolegomena," is freely handed about, or, as the
poet has it,
2=cto
dot dhoti tralanrummlni
But any overt act of physical force against the mis-
taken fathers is universally reprobated.—A paragraph
appears in the C'ourrier Francais, announcing the
Pope's wish to contract a fresh loan, and represent-
ing the Roman finances as irreparably embarrassed.
No such loan is dreamt of. There is a present supply
in the exchequer, and the future prospects of the
treasurer are by no means discouraging. Such ru-
mours were the constant mode of attack by which the
irreligious party in Italy sought to damage the papal
throne, while ineffectively filled by its late occupant ;
and many poetical squibs, with all the virulence, and
some of the fancy of Beranger, held up the approach-
ing bankruptcy of Rome to the world's scorn. From
one, entitled, " II Fallimento del Papa," I recollect a
few lines:

,on hasta it talento
Del gran lambruachuu,
A cento per eento
Non trova quattrnu
0 cam inaudito,
11 Papa ,11ullitol__

- .
Goal al Pontedor Che per scream i titoli
Onel bums Otrgorlo Di Papa e di sovrano
Che in brevi venders A b nedie i despoti
Dorm 11 ciborlo, Distere 1r sua nano
Perche a carnetice Deb : al gran principe
Chiede it salmi° Cite ci governs
Oh taxa d veadere OH vests Diogene
Sin' al breviario. Li sus lanterns!
Torlonia, who contracted for the last loan, would
feel but too happy to get another chance upon the
same terms (which he is not likely to have soon), and
the more especially as the family are about to receive
back in hard dollars the purchase money of the great
Bracciano property, which, near thirty years ago, was
bought from the Odeschalchi, and which that princely
race are now determined to regain. In the purchase
of land here, there is always reserved a right of re-
demption within a given number of years, and the
allotted term being now at hand, notice has been served
on the Duke of Bracciano that Prince Odeschalehi
intends refunding the cash, and resuming the duchy.
As in the case of the old Tagliacotian operation, when
a fictitious nose was cut out of a porter's yluteuB
maximus, and affixed to a visage where no nasal
organ existed, the title of Duke is lapsed, with the
loss of the property which conferred it, and the straw-
berry leaves fall away from the escutcheon of the
banker. In the words of Hudibras :
Soon as the porter's life was out,
Off dropt the sympathetic snout!
The Marquis de Custine, who has been here
several months, had an interview with his Holiness
last week, and some interesting remarks fell from the
Pontiff, who professed to have read attentively the
Russian revelations of the witty writer. These
remarks are not free for publicity.—There died here,
on Monday, aged 88, a venerable Scotch gentleman,
the Abbe Macpherson, for many years rector of the
Scotch College on the Quirinal hill. The most re-
markable passage in his varied career was when he
was selected by the British government, in 1797, as
their agent in one of the boldest moves on the Euro-
pean chessboard ever imagined, and yet scarcely
known to the historian of the period. In that year
the British Cabinet received a suggestion as to the
practicability of rescuing from the gripe of France
and placing under the protection of England the
person of l'opc Pius VI., then a prisoner in the mari-
time town of Savona, on the Genoese coast. An
English frigate was ordered to cruise off the land, and
the Abbe was sent from London with ample funds to
accomplish the object. It would have been successful
in every arrangement had not a communication been
made by parties in the pay of the Directory from the
neighbOurhood of Downing-street, disclosing the
plan to our friends in Paris. Macpherson was ar-
rested and plundered on the frontier, and Pius died
in the interior of France, whither he was instantly
removed. tip to his death the Abbe had a liberal
pension from the Papal treasury.
Letters from Florence in accounting for the Duke
of Devonshire not arriving here, state the alarming
condition of our ambassador, Sir George Hamilton,
who was not expected to recover. I trust this is an
exaggeration, or that, since that crisis, more favour-
able news has reached England.

FRANCE.—BLOIS, DEC. 6.—The serious riots last
week at Tours have been attended by similar troubles in seve-
ralother towns hereabouts, and 192 people are in gaol on this
account. The rioters have gone great lengths; but the
government is now pretty active, and there is no general
unman's:es. In Blois, yesterday, the guards were doubled at
all the poets, to protect the corn market, and all passed off
quietly. The price of wheat rose from 27f. 6c. the 100 lbs.
to 28f. 13c. The price of bread to-day is If. 6c. for 41bs. It
was 795. for 411,9. this day last year. This is 11d. and a fraction
English for 411bs. English, on the 6th December, 1846, in-
stead of Bd. for the same quantity of bread on the 6th of
Dec., 1846. I see no sign of things being better for the
labouring classes; but the government insist. that the price
of wheat must fall.
SWITZERLAND.—A letter from Basle of Dec. 5,
says :—" The ambassadors of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and
Bavaria have transferred their residence from Berne to
Zurich. In announcing this resolution some time back they
declared it was caused by the state of anarchy into which the
canton of Berne was thrown. The Zurich journals announce
that M. de Bois-le-Comte, the French ambassador, is also to
fix his residence in that town. The success which the Con-
servative party of Basle has just obtained in the elections,
leads to the expectation that the revolution of October will
only end in moderate constitutional reform. The purchases
of arms and ammunition lately made by the government of
Lucerne, in consequence of the extraordinary credit voted by
the Grand Council, are estimated at 190,000 fr. The elec-
tions of the Grand Council at Berne are nearly terminated,
and show a certain change in public opinion, although the
majority is still Radical. Out of 36 nominations, 23 belong
to that party. There was lately a Radical congress at
Mouthey (Lower Valais). A manifesto was there drawn up
and addressed as a circular to the several cantons, protesting
against the Catholic alliance of which Valais forms a part.
GERMANY.—A letter from Berlin of the 2nd
I instant says:—" The pretest sent by Lord Palmerston to
the Court of St. Petersbusg is said to be couched in the
most moderate language, so as to dispel at once all fears of a
rapture. It is still to be seen what steps France will take,
who is left to protest by herself. The treaty of commerce and
navigation between the Zollverein and the kingdom of the
Two Sicllies was on the point of MN( ratified when Bava-
ria made objections, and the ratification was consequently
adjourned to an indefinite date. The Neapolitan govern-
ment conclude a similar treaty with England and France,
which will expire in eight months, and which forbids
Naples to make concessions to the Zollverein of ten per cent.
entrance duties accorded to France and England, if the Ger-
man Union, on its side, did not make concessions. All was
arranged. A reduction of twenty per cent. was negotiatingn
at Naples on the entry of oils, when Bavaria
objections.
A letter from Frohsdorff, in the Quotidienne, says:
" The Archdukes of Austria on the 27th ult., paid visits to
the Duke and Duchess de Bordeaux on the occasion of their
marriage. Soon afterwards the Duke and Duchess went to
Vienna, and dined en familk with the Emperor and Em-
press. The Countess de Marnes (Duchess de Berry), so Wad
by misfortune, is at this moment enjoying all the fedisiby
which Providence has just granted to the exile. She semi
to find in her new daughter her whom she lately lost, when
married to the Prince de Lucca."
CHlLE.—Papers from Chile, to the end of Septem-
ber, state that General Baines, the actual president, had
been re-elected for the constitutional term of five years. The
republic was in a state of tranquillity and progress.
VENEZUELA.—DISTURBANCES.—From the Port
of Spain Gazette (Trinidad), received by the Tay, we
learn that serious disturbances had broken out in Vene-
zuela. That journal published on the 27th of October
the following extract, addressed by a mercantile firm in
Caramels to its Port of Spain correspondent:—" Guzman
in
ththiatiQMktrojtzramotlonahocaulifiailodemienbueethethcizuineaeaneres
has escaped from prison. General Zamora defeated the
Liberal party in the province of Caraocas, and General
ligsamtaharawaswkheitleubeeryedeo.a.onn:bo.anthdukumndetndge4ootledehiroath.sanitldjoi:Leteyea:liswje.oraiatoeil7Jtdalosectededis Da
;
p,GreCr7innolonorie!
übblisy
hthedis
on the 30th of October a notification from the Venezuelan
Secretary-at-War, intimating that Pam had accepted the
supreme command, and Moasgas consented to act as his
second in command of a standing army ordered to be organ-
ised by the supreme government. This notification is dated
the nth of September, and appended to it is an address by
General Paez to the regular arm
_y and national
militia, dated the 23rd of September. This latter docu-