The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-09 00:00:00

PROVINCIAL.

-----
THE NEW BIaHOPRIC.—The Manchester Guardian
of yesterday, in reference to the recent notice in the Gazette
constituting the new see, says :—One little obscurity there
is in the terms of the order in council, which leaves it some-
what in doubt whether the whole edifice (the collegiate
church) becomes the cathedral of the see of Manchester.
Pepsin over the ancient churches of St. Michael in Aldport,
and St. Mary in Acres-field—the former said to have been
erected in 627, the latter in 632 —we may state, that of the
present edifice, the west end, or nave, &c., is parochial, and
the east end, or choir, &c., collegiate. Thomu Men, Lord de
la Wan, being lord of the manor and rector of linniamaror,
obtained a license from Henry V. ' for the of
the rectory, and to found and endow a Miura at
his manor of Mancheser.' He laid the Meese of the
edifice in July, 1422. and expended in Its artmdem
which, as it is estimated that money has isiousei Mean fold
in value since that period, is equivalent to • sem el 46,0001.
at the present day. The former pvuh elm* of It. Mary
being on the site, the new pariah chart& wee deMenied by
Lord de Is Wan to the blessed Virgin Mary, to 114.
(for England) and to St. Denys (for Frame., whoosigeseC
de la Warn came) ; while the collegiate part of She Wilke
was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin ; but the feendadoa of
the collegiate church was dissolved by Queen ilabakt" in
1578, and a new charter of foundation granted, la which its
title is changed to " Christ's College." At present, then, the
west end of the church, where divine worship is celebrated,
as far am the screen separating it from the choir, is purely
parochial, and not collegiate, and is in fact the parish church
of St. Mary's; while the east end of the edifice, including the
choir and various chapels, ia purely collegiate and not parochial,
and is styled "The College of Christ." It is not clear, therefore,
whether the order in council erects this latter portion only
into a cathedral church. Most probably it was meant to
include the whole edifice ; bat in that case, the terms of the
order should have been " the collegiate and parish church
of Manchester." We do not anticipate any material change
in any portion of the building, in consequence of its becom-
ing a cathedral. The ecclesiastical commissioners, in one of
their earlier reports, intimated that the constitution of the
collegiate foundation was so nearly what they wished, in
reference to cathedral churches generally, that little was
needed beyond the change of title (which was made some
years since) from " warden and fellows " to " dean and
canons." We believe it will be necarary for the
Bishop of Manchester to have a stall in the choir ; and
it la usual in cathedral churches to place the bishop's
stall at the end of the other stalls, nearest " the altar" or
communion rails. We believe that, in this ease, the bishop's
stall will probably be in that position on the south side of
the choir. It is not unusual to place the stall for the arch-
deacon opposite that of the bishop ; in which case the seat
of the Ven. Archdeacon Ruhtoa will be at the end of the
stalls on the north side the choir, nearest the communion
table. With respect te the first bishop of Manchester nothing
is yet known. Various clergymen have been named as
likely to be appointed ; amongst others, Archdeacon Mus-
grave, and several others, whose names we need not repeat,
as we believe they are 'without any sufficient foundation.
One thing is certain, that the bishopric was offered
to Dr. Waddington, an of Durham, and declined
by him. From all that we hear, it is most likely
that the party selected for the newly-created dignity
will be the Hon. and Rev. Henry Montagu Villiers,
M.A., Rector of St. George's, Bloomsbury, London, and
a prebendary of St. Paul's. He was named six months
me, and of late there appears to be some reason for believing
that he is to be the new biahop. He married, in January,
1837, Miss Holton, the eldest daughter of William Halton,
Esq., of Hilton-perk. He was then rector of Kenilworth;
but in 1841 he was appointed
to the rectory of Bt. George's,
Bloomsbury, on Dr. the former rector, being elevated
to the as. of &dor and an. As yet, we believe, her ma-
jetty's corsge•d'elire has not been sent to the (now) cathedral
chapter of Manchester, bat we may expect it in a very short
time. Meanwhile, we are in the anomalous position of an
episcopal Ns that never had a bishop. Since Wednesday
last the Bishop of Chaster has ceased to be our diocesan ; and
there being no Bishop of Manchester appointed, any matter
arising in the new diocese which may demand episcopal re-
cognition, we suppers, moat go to the Archbishop of York,
in whose province the see of Manchester I. ecclesiastically
situate.

THE EXTENSIVE TRACT OF WILD HEATH, known by
the name of Tarleton Moss, is gradually being brought into
a state of cultivation, and now exhibits a surface studded
with rural dwellings surrounded by heavyZaops of corn and
potatoes. In a very few years the heath and grouse will have
entirely dirppeand, and the land will be contributing its
quota of food towards human rapport.
- .

- -
ArIiitACTION or JENNY LIMD.—A yoamir man
named Roberta was on Tuesday charged at the poliinsesea,
Manchester, with haring borrowed and paliali tea
handhererietn, the property of Jenny Lind, in Mew
' to raise funds wherewith to enable him to visit the *Wit

en Satardsy night, the last time on which the renowned
songereses was to appear. It appeared that Mademoiselle
Lind's linen had been sent from the Albion Hotel to be
washed by a Mrs. Pearson, the motherin-law of the
prisoner. The yo man, who is a striker in the service of
the Manchester and Leads Leeds line, was pressed by some of his
fellow-workmen to viand hear " the Lind." He, like many
other penal', pinioned all the inclination, but lacked the
means. He went home, tried without success to borrow the
necessary funds, and then heroically determined that Jenny's
own property should furnish the means of enabling him to
pee and hear her. He took away ten of her handkerchiefs,
and got a female to pledge them for him for .ss. 6d. He de-
clued, on being apprehended, he had no notion that Mrs.
Pearson would have wanted the things so soon, and that it
was his intention to have released them. He was ordered to
pay 6e. 6d., the value of the pledged property, together with
a penalty of 20e., and, in default, to be imprisoned for one
month.

BEING IN Tole,—A correspondent of the Liver-
pot Courier makes the following statement : "Oa Friday
last, a respectable individual, whose name I shall not men-
tion for certain reasons, called upon the clerk of St. James's
cemetery, and requested that his family grave might be
opened, as the corpse of a man would be buried on the fol-
lowing Saturday morning at ten o'clock, at the same time
stating that be was not yet dead, but In the last stage of '
disease, and expected every minute to breathe his last. Rav-
ing no doubt upon the subject, the grave was accordingly
opened, and every preparation made : the ropes were laid
across the grave for the purpose of lowering the body;
the minister, the Reverend Mr. Graham, with the clerk,
were in attendance at the chapel at the appointed time, and
the sexton was actually tolling the bell, all expecting the
mournful procession to arrive. At this juncture the indivi-
dual who called on Friday, came into the cemetery, at the
south end, and was asking one of the grave-diggers at what
time they buried on the Sunday morning, stating that the
person he had mentioned en Friday was not yet dead. The
grave-digger told him that the bell was then tolling for the
supposed deceased, and that the minister and clerk were
waiting to perform the last rites of the church upon their
departed brother ; at hearing this he was struck with asto-
nishment, and proceeded to the chapel and informed the
clergyman that his friend was not dead. The minister was
surprised, but could not help laughing heartily. Sunday
morning wee appointed, but no funeral, the man being still
alive. On Monday it pleased God to release him from this
world's troubles, and he was buried on Tuesday morning in
the grave prepared for him on Friday."—Liverpool Courier.

THE MIRFIELD MURDERS.—It is stated that some
very important, though somewhat suspicious additional evi-
dence, has been traced out with respect to the perpetrators
of the triple murder of Mr. and Mrs. Wraith and their ser-
vant, in May last. It will be remembered that, at the last
assizes for Yorkshire, Michael Dl`Calse, one of the men
charged with the offence, was admitted to give evidence ;
and although he swore that Patrick Reid, his supposed
accomplice, was the man whom he saw at the house at
the time the crime must have been committed, still the
jury found Reid not guilty. It has since transpired that
a young girl, whose parents have prevented her from
giving the information, mentioned at the moment the
deed was first discovered, that she saw the crock-
man, M'Cabe (who wss well known to the villagers as a
hawker of earthenware), come out of the house by the back
door about one o'clock, and that she afterwards saw the
nephew of the deceased Wraith enter the garden, then go
round and look through the window, and subsequently leave
the premises for assistance. She further adds, that she
remained about the spot till M'Kinnill, the landlord of the
public-house, arrived, and entered the premises by the kitchen
window, that being the room in which the body of the ger-
vantLXirl, Ellis, was found. In other circumstantial particulars
the girl is confirmed ; and if she should be brought forward at
the next assizes, and hear out these statements, her evidence
will materially alter the features of the ease SA it at present
stands ; but we are not aware what, if any, alteration, it will
cause in M'Cabe's position, he having been admitted as
Queen's evidence against Reid, for the murder of Mr.
Wraith, at the late assizes. M.Cabe is still detained in York
Castle, and treated in every respect as a prisoner for trial.
The authorities are quietly pursuing their investigations
into the mysterious affair ; and u M'Kilty and his wife, who
so distinctly swore to the fact of the soldering iron being
fetched the night before from their house, by Reid, are still
kept in York Castle—though not, of course, subjected to the
same rules, nor confined in the same part of the prison, as
criminal offenders, but merely with the view of securing
their evidence on a future occasion—there is no doubt but
that this dreadful affair will again become the subject of in-
quiry before a jury at the next satires.

STOCKPORT is suffering much from the depression
of trade. For the last three weeks the tradespeople have
complained of having nothing to do. Short time is bringing ,
with it its concomitant suffering amongst the labouring po-
pulation. The overseers complain of the inability of about
2,000 persons to pay their rates ; and the defalcation must be
made up by those who can pay. It will require for the cur-
rent half year not less than ss. in the pound (including the
pprreesoesnnt rate) to meet the increasing demand' made up to
Christmas, by the corporation, for borough rates, and by the
board of guardians for "rolls." In the face of another bad
winter appearances are exceedingly gloomy.
THE SUICIDE OF MR. ROWLAND JONFA, FORMERLY
OP THE 67TH REGIMENT, hY caused much convero-
tion is Chester, where the lamentable act was committed on
Monday morning last. It appeared that the deceased, who
is about 27 years of ages, in company with Mr. H. Melling,
the secretary of the Royal Mersey Yacht Club, arrived at
the Green Dragon Inn about eight o'clock en Sunday even-
ing, from Bangor, and stated their inteation of proceeding
on the following morning to Wrexham. The deceased spent
the evening with his friend, and retired to bed about 11
o'clock. Mr. Melling and the deceased occupied separate
room'. On Monday morning Mr. Melling arose about
eight o'clock, and between that hour and half-put
eleven he several times went up stairs to his friend's
chamber-door to cell him up. On the lot occasion Mr.
Jones was on the floor, and he directed Mr. Melling to order
some breakfast for him, and promised to be down immedi-
ately. Not making hie appearance, however, Mr. Melling
went up stairs shortly after eleven o'clock, and on receiving
no answer after knocking at the door, he opened it, when, to
his horror, he beheld his friend stretched lifeless by his
bed-side, with a pair of duelling pistols lying near him, with
which be had accomplished the act of sell destruction.
Surgical aid was immediately obtained, but it was of no
avail, as life was quite extinct before the body was
found. In the course of the day an inquest was held,
when Mr. H. Melling said—l am the secretary of the Royal
Mersey Yacht Club, and became acquainted with Mr. R.
Jones about twelve months ago, when he joined the
club. On the 15th of August last we went with the fleet
to Beaumaria, to honour the Queen. and be present at the
regatta. The pitch in which we sailed had been purchased
by Mr. Jones from myself in April last, but it was not paid
for. On Saturday night I slept on board with him, and
on Sunday morning we left Bangor by coach for Chester.
On the Ist of September, Mr. Jones gave me a cheque for
3501. on the North and South Waits Bank at Bangor, in
settlement of my account with him. The mosey was to be
paid by Lloyd and Co.'s Bank, at Wrexham, into the North
sad South Wales Bark at Bangor, and I was then to get
my cheque cashed. I understood Mr. Jones had not that
much money in Lloyd's Bank, but he said he thought Mr.
Lloyd would advance it for him. The money was not paid at
Bangor, as Mr. Jones expected, and he propcsed we should go
together to Wrexham and get it there. We accordingly left
Bangor by coach on Sunday, and arrived at the Green Dra-
gon, in Chester, about 8 o'clock the same evening. I was
to be Mr Jones's guest, but he had not sufficient money to
pay our fare with, and I lent him a sovereign for that pur-
pose. We had tea at the Green Dragon, and Mr. Jones
afterwards drank a glass of ale and a glass of brandy punch.
Mr. Jones seemed quite cheerful. When we were p
for bed, the chambermaid inquired whether we war have
a double-bedded room, and Mr. Jones replied that he would
not. We had screed to start on Monday morning by the 10
o'clock train for Wrexham. I arose first on Monday morning,
and told the chambermaid to call Mr. Jones. He did not get
up, and I then went up stairs myself and told him if he did
not ggettt upp we should miss the train. He told me to get
my for he did not want say himself. Having
mused the 10 o'clock, I wished to get away by the llh. 40m.
train, and 1 VMS up stain two or three times to his
chamber door to Nguema him to make haste, or we should
miss that train the TM het lime I went up the door was
a-jar, and I heard bites the deer. I again asked him if
he would lake say hawskiest, and ha directed me to order
some WM to be pespered for him. As he did not come
down Maim Ike saw time I went lap again, and knocked
twin at le isee; belt reeeivhig se mower I opened it. I
.t smoke, and
on peeseilog two or shoo lab the room I saw Mr.
iemealpilLibly his beide% ememei with blood. Whilst we
ale et or I rasa Ilr. Jame with a pair of pistols
sal boll which he Mit in a pistol can, and are those now
; he amassed himself there by shooting at bottles
rted water, with a young gentleman named Todd.
I never pressed him for the money he owed me for the
yacht, but there had been a good deal of shuffling on hie
part respecting it. All I know of Mr. Jones's connections
is what he himself told me. I understand that he for-
merly held a commission in the 67th Regiment, but that he
had sold it. He mid his father was a colonel in the Royal
Engineers at Malta, and that he had a eater also resident
there. He also told me that the house in which his uncle
lived near Wrexham belonged to him, and that he had some
property in Devonshire he has give' me unendorsed bill,
on his @gents in Devonshire. I never *boned anything in
Mr. Jones's conduct to induce me for a moment to suspect
that he was not in the polemicist of a sound mind..-.sgt
The
Coroner said it was very desirable in a ease of this sort that
they should have the evidence of a medical man as to the
immediate cause of death ; and it was also but right that
the friends of the deceased should have an opportunity
of showing, if they could do so, whether his mind was
in any way affected. As the case at present stood upon
the evidence, he did not we how they could return any
other verdict than that-of fele de se; but he was sure the
jury would rather not find such a verdict if they could con-
scientiously return a' at proposed, therefore, that
a post mortern be made, and that they
should adjourn the fageset ter a few days.—Mr. Melling
intimated his belief, iteeriedless what he had sometimes
heard Mr. Jones say, that ho led *ruled an attachment for
a young lady in London, whisk was disapproved of by his
friends, and whom he hid ashy been prevented fees mar-
rying for fear of the esisequewese.—The BMW
lir. Melling to obtain foam tedhometles boa
tide =lra
practicable ; and with the eland et the Joey the Inquest
MY then adjourned until Meoloy next.

P1V116151X.11.
SUICIDE BY A MIIIOANTILII.I
Max.—Early on
Twig maniasfir. Oen
Mad Itonott. Novramatle-as-Tyas,
woo heat ma Lid do onto west of that
tom with in
down oat, owl quilt owl,wn haviog °moaned

suicit;,l with a repot in the coarse of the previous night. Si
was teen wandering in the vicinity of the place for soma
time on llica..day evening, apparently much depressed, and
as nothing is known which indicates aught but prosperity
in his circumstances, it is presumed that the fatal act wee
committed while labouring undir temporary insasity. He
was connected u a partner with tke Felling chemical works,
with the lead works of Meters. Locke, Blackett, and Co.,
and with the engine factory of Burnett, Brother, ; and as to
good busines, capabilities he added great scientific attain-
ments and unwearied benevolence, his melancholy end has
excited &general and deep feeling of regret.

TIIE SEAT FOR WOLVEREIAMPTON.—The meeting
of the electors of this town last Friday (the resolutions at
which were advertised in the Daily New of yesterday) was
attended by nearly all the influential persons resident in the
borough, and the sentiments enunciated in the course of the
discussion illustrate how highly Mr. Villiers is regarded by
his constituents. The following extract from a private note
to Mr. Thomas Walker from the hon. gentleman was read.
It said : " I am anxious myself now that this matter of the
vat should be put out of doubt, and that my friends should
not be exposed to the annoyance of harktg to reply to in.
qairies or misstatements on the subject. I could almost have
wished that, before any reply is sent to the electors of South
Lancashire, that the opinion of the electors of Wolver
hampton should be forwarded to me." The utmost enthu
slum was manifested at the meeting, and Mr. Villiers's
personal friends seem to be confident that he will
continue to sit for the borough. Our correspondent says:—
"1n the course of the disc-11.8'ton the refcrences to this sub-
ject which have from time to time appeared in the Daily
Newt, on the authority of private letters, were several times
referred to, and their accuracy not impeached in the main;
but Mr. Fellower, of Minton, and other gentlemen, com-
plained that in some newspapers erroneous 'ankles to this
affair had been published, and it was suggested that the
facts should be furnished to each paper. So far, well; but
perhaps the best means that could have been taken to have
secured publication of the facts, would have been to have
advised reporters that this meeting was about to be held.
Such was not, however, the caso ; no public notice whatever
of the holding of the meeting wee given, end it escaped the
notice of all but one, even of the local journals. This may
be complained of with some show of reason, because written
application had been unsuccessfully made some time before
this meeting took place, reqaesting information u to the
time it was to be held."

FIELD SI,OE:N.—A correspondent informs us that
the following is a return of game killed by the Earl of Stam-
ford and Warrington, and other gentlemen, on his lordship's
estates, at and near Enville.hall, in this county :
_

11an.... Rabbits.
Ila
1847. Sept. I.—Earl of Stamford Partridge.
A. Walsh, Esq. 32 3 3
On • small eats? of 1.400 acme detach.'

from beell3e.
Sept. 2.—Earl of Stamford IS 204
Enville-lid
A. l
WEstate.alsh, Eat 43 10 2
Sept. 4.—Earl of Stamford lOO
A. Walsh, In. TT
On the same estate r Sept L
Total Med. ...... 411

1 2
3 2
2 3

THE MURDER AT PATatim.L.—The adjourned in-
.:Nest on the body of John Lerkin, an Irish labourer, whose
body had been found in a pool in Patshull.park, was held on
Monday at Pattingham. Patrick Kelly, one of the party of
reapers who had been working at Patshull a short lime be-
fore the deceased was found in the pool, and whe had been
subsequently working at Wednesbury (the other men hav-
ing returned to Ireland), was brought up in custody. The
finding of the body and the former proceedings before the
coroner have alretely been reported in this paper. On Mon-
day additional evidence was given. Dr. H. Bidwell
detailed at some length the appearances which re-
sented themselves on the post mortem examination,
and added that the conclusions he arrived at, after
a careful examination of the body, were—that • blow
must have been inflicted during the lifetime of the deceased
by some blunt instrument upon the left side of the bead, so
as to cause a rupture of the blood vessels, and the consequent
effusion of blood beneath the skin. From the extent of the
ecchymosis he thought it probable that more than one blow
had been inflicted. A heavy blow over the temple, such as
must have been inflicted in the present instance, though un-
attended with any fracture of the bones, or apparent injury
to the brain, might produce alarming, perhaps fatal conse-
quences. Such a blow would certainly produce a stunning
effect, and, of course, temporary insensibility. It was quite
impossible to suppose that this injury could have resulted
from any accidental fall into the water. He had reason
to believe that life remained after the infliction of the
blow, and be grounded his opinion for this belief on the
general symptoms of death from drowning which were pre-
sented on the examination of the body. From the state of
decay to which the body bad advanced, he was of opinion
that it must have been in the water upwards of seven days.
He saw a jug in the right hand of the deceased, hanging
upon the two fore-fingen. From the position of the fingers,
be thought the jug was put on after death.—Mr. J.
Till deposed : I am a farmer, residing at Oaken.
Last Wednesday week I saw Peter Larkin and the
prisoner Kelly at my house. There were two other per-
sons whom I did sot know with them. Peter Larkin said
he was come for the remainder of his brother John'. wages
that were left. I asked him how his brother was. He
said he was very ill, and be thought he would not live to go
home. He also said that he was in Tettenhall workhouse ;
that he was then going to him, and if be was able to walk to
Wolverhampton he should take him home by the first train
that night. I paid him 65., as the balance which was due to
John Larkin, his brother. I had previously paid him 21. on
his brother's account. The men theta went away, and I saw
no more of them. The prisoner was ten or a dozen yards off
when this conversation took place. I cannot say whether he
heard it —B. Husselby examined: Last Sunday fortnight
an Irishman, who bad been reaping, and who was one of
theta that had slept in the stable, was walking round the
large pool of the park. He asked me which was the
deepest part of it. I did not know his name. It was not
either of the Larkins or Kelly. I pointed out the place to
him, and he went to the other men in the stable. I did not
see him again.—The coroner, in summing up, adverted
especially to the evidence of Dr. Bidwell, and observed
that there could be no doubt great violence had been in-
flicted on the body of the deceased before he was put int*
the water. From the evidence with respect to the jug, it
appeared to him that it must have been pat into his hand
after he was in • state of insensibility, to induce the be-
, lief that he went to the pool to fetch water, and fell is.
Dr. Bidwell stated that the deceased could not hare received
the wounds by falling into the water, and if that were eo,
the deceased must have had the wounds inflicted upon him
by some one who had committed great violence upon him.
After some further remarks the coroner left the case in the
hands of the jury. After a short consultation the foreman
said that the jury returned a verdict of " Wilful murder
against some person or persons unknown." Oa Tuesday
the prisoner Kelly was taken before H. Hill, Esq., and re-
manded until Friday (to-morrow).

WARWICKSHIRE.
FREE-TRADE BA.NQUET.—Last evening a grand
banquet, to celebrate the triumph of liberal principles, took
place in the Music-hall at Birmingham, The brief interval
which elapsed between the withdrawal of the cloth and the
despatch of our parcel, precluded the possibility of our
giving any report to-day.

the ith inst. an examination of

a'young woman, charged with the murder of her infant
daughter, was resumed, before a full bench of magistrates,
at the Town-hall. The prisoner, whose name is Ellen To:-
ford, aged 24 years, is a fine, handsome-looking female.
Upon being placed in the dock, the following evidence was
adduced Superintendent Tracy said, from information
which I received respecting the prisoner I was induced to
make inquiry at the Louth workhouse, where I learned that
the prisoner, who had for some time been en inmate. had
there been delivered of a female child about five weeks be-
fore, and that she left the house on the 28th of Aug., stating
that she was going to Thorby. I traced her to Thorby, but
she had no child with her. Upon going to the house where she
was staying, she denied that she had had a child. I did not
therefore at that time take her into custody. Finding that
she had afterwards absented herself from the house, and
wended herself in another, I gave orders for her appre-
hension, and went in search of the child. The result of this
inquiry was, that I traced the prisoner as far as Houghton,
on the Spilby road, with the child in her possession, beyond
which all trace of the child was lint. The prisoner wee
there seen near a pond with what appeared to be an infant
in her arms. Upon the apprehension of the prisoner I
asked her if she would state what had become of the child,
to which she replied that it had been thrown into a pond by
a man whom she had met, to account for which the said
that the child had died, and that she was crying that the
man asked her the reason, she told him, upon which he
said he would soon get over that for her, and then threw the
child into the pond. I then went, continued the constable,
and searched the pond, where I found the child ; it was
quite naked, and I afterwards searched the prisoner's house,
where I found the child's clothes ; they were quite wet and
spotted with blood; they had been hidden in a coal-hole.—
Mr. Bogg, surgeon, of Loath, said : I made a post-mortews
examination oftbs body of the child. One side of its mouth
wu cut away, and a portion of the tongue had been cut out.
There were several wounds in the abdomen, which had evi-
dently been made by the minors which were found oa the
prisoner.—By the bench : lam quite certain the toque
was cut out while the child was alive. I attribute the im-
mediate cause of death to drowning, although the demised
would never have recovered from the injuries which it had
received.—Several other witnesses were examined, whose
testimony corroborated the above facts, after which the pri-
soner was remanded.—An inquest has been held on the body,
before Kr. F. Use, and, notwithstanding the above facts
were sworn to, the jury returned a verdict of " Wilful mur-
der against some person or pumas eadasown."

ill all '..ue complications of differential duties, air?
S.reping the enjoyments of the people down to the level
of the supplies furnished by the home mano:ecturer.
As in a rich, extensive, agrarian country, the people
are not easily crowded into factories, the history of
the factories, or rather of the measures pursued to
create them for the supposed good of the people,
would be a more amusing theme than the one which
our author discusses. The various exertions made,
first by the government at the cost of immense sums
(besides the lavish distribution of epaulettes and
ribands), then by strangers, who generally proved
more successful, and who harvested richly at
the cost of the consumingc public, would pro-
bably, were they well described, prove a sufficient
argument against the assumption that such policy
is profitable. By these and similar means,
however, the Russians have factories, whose fabrics
they consume. At least, they are consumed by such
as can afford to pay for them, and, considering their
price, and the means at the disposal of the great mass
of the population of that vast empire, we fear the
number of the consumers is not great. But the Mi-
nister of the Finances has other objects to attend to
besides establishing factories. The various questions
relating to and arising out of peace and war are
solved in a great measure under his dictation, and
it is amusing to trace in these the theories
which guided the practice of so rAeuential a func-
tionary.
It is necessary to premise that the ministerial
author has enjoyed the advantages of German educa-
tion, and is evidently conversant with the diction and
construction of scientific German works. The book is
written in German, a language that is rich in this
branch of literature. It was therefore a bold attempt,
although characteristic of the career and station of
the author, to add an original proposition which had
hitherto escaped notice, in enumerating the branches
of production. To five modes of what the author
calls the indirect application of power to production,
and which he judiciously adds to direct production,
the author has discovered a kind of production
effected by the power of destruction. The Indians of
old worshipped a goddess, Durga, the destroyer, but
scarcely for her productive merits. There may be a
disposition in Asiatic minds to look upon destruction
as the rule, and production as the exception ; but we
are not sufficiently rich in Western Europe to adopt
such tenets, and the creed for a Minister of Finances
is certainly a curious one. The manner in which the
author explains his meaning affords, perhaps, uo bad
commentary on the state policy of the empire in
whose cabinet he held so important an office.
There is a mode of employing power which counts in depriving a
portion of the community of that which belongs to them; for instance,
through robbery, or by cheiting. When this occurs amongst private
individuals it constitutes a crime, and place it adds nothing to the
wealth of theemumunity vire need not noticed further. But such o course
is followed by nations, in the shape of wars, privateermg, protected
colonies, commercial relations, by which nations are deprived
of a poruon of Cher earnings. and one land draws from the goofier
natural productive powers of another, or from the superior skill or
industry of iii inhabitant., advantage. which, of tight, only belonged
to the producers. We shall call this kind the product of robbery,
or of taking advantage.. (verrorthellung.)
The definition is sufficiently distinct, and is only
new in the place which it occupies. The rule is an
ancient one, and the various shapes enumerated, in
which it has appeared, show that the author, like
other readers, has discovered that a great deal of
protection, much favouring of allies, no small por-
tion of European colonisation, and even some com-
mercial stipulations are nothing short of downright
robbery, if called by their right names. It is not long
since that one of our most eminent lawyers, in the
Edinburgh Reriew, gave it as his opinion that if the
standard of private morality did not rank higher than
that tolerated amongst nations, there would be an end
of society. But the ministerial economist has an ad-
vantage in the singular position he has selected for
himself. He is the only person since political economy
has assumed a scientific shape who deliberately
affirms that such crimes were productive of any
(economical) advantage, either to the community at
large or to the nations perpetrating them. Wars are
defended on the plea of maintaining balances of
power, or to repress encroachments ; but they require
defence because they entail a loss, even when the
cause is the best and noblest. One-sided colonisation
is a ruinous undertaking, as the history of the colonies
of every country testifies; and deceptive or oppressive
commercial regulations are now known to be at least
as prejudicial to the parties imposing them as to
those who are forced to accept them. The examples
Amen to support this strange theory show how
superficially history has been studied by the =l-
idless
Ins lame motpecred the intent world, and dragged Its nsssass
tbe Alas of do mat althorns or tato the aspilak was Yid of
bfabymen ins iraffhe to am fispeols. bed pawing Tubb ma
.saydsws toslbe yftmlnes; lira lbw vas Mimi b
swim poilloo, sear tin *Alm if Seim. assts Mime was
bee was woe sweistest at We soot at as trasfory, dil sot
Lis op, ibb ionimmi of mob modus tss ebb weal Iwo
dews Um Os odd lib of the o s was cis
almsbed added • put of epla amevi wee bat Os=
lair art MA wen set a timßfr sass
wins fa Lodi& rim was the mikes et limps bad trod Qua
LM sY.dAY brim
W. all lame the illustrations fecal ancient history
to dui& antiquarians, to rectify both the mode of
stating the facts, and the deductions drawn from
them. As for his modern instances, it is strange that
thirty years after Napoleon's fall the author should
assume that either France, Or any other
European country, commanded greater wealth
and enjoyments, or were likely to command
them during the rule of Napoleon, than they
now do. Russia, itself, notwithstanding the
prevalence of such theories in the cabinet, and the
consequent support which all predatory plans must
from conviction have received from the author, is un-
questionably far richer than it was thirty years back,
and contributes more to the wealth of France, by
her present one-aided trade, than it would have
done had the duchies of Moskwa Smolensk, and
so many others, been turned into appanage.
for French generals. Let the count but inquire
of the German or even the French manufac-
turers, whether they would like to return to the
blessings of the continental blockade, and ask what
the rate of increase of wealth there was, compared
even with its present not very rapid progress.
But when thaeauthor touches the question of colo-
nies, his claim to rank amongst scientific economists
(and who can be minister without some such claim ?)
is too conspicuously feeble to be recognised even by
the uninitiated.

Perarinsratrs WMs ettembee et delessimetilernee w.
mereelni vie• priestie beet la lest with
Dew sot myna esi peon sesserue tem in=seiMet
wow se twin, eel SIMI tedemetw et dr inintileate, tban
fiebol woe bilepodn, awl enlyeerdal en eels toiler miry
diemelmeett Das oust lee deb NI et lite de la iderd mei
aaflY~lfietrAtedind greirallieurbinorb:rmee==
ant bete set ememeriel telpelitlate tbeineet even between avulse
enstabe by nom et whit the ewe pint and the other lour
Bush stipulations have no doubt existed, and are
stall to be found. Bat it ought not to have escaped
the minister's notice that the ultimate result of such
=Keel traffic is to bring it to a premature end by
the failure of resources on one side or the other to
carry it on. The commercial relations of nations
have their debtor and creditor side like a merchant's
accounts. If things are taken without a return being
given, trade must cease from the exhaustion of the
fund on the losing side. Even the thief is reduced to
ordinary calculations when his victim's purse is
emptied. The history of modern colonisation must
be for such observers a dead letter, as well as the
history of modern trade. The minister must have
totally last sight of the experience of the Dutch in
Java, who drew nothing from that splendid island
until they reduced the tribute to a mercantile calcula-
tion, which they cannot infringe without lose. They
=lndeed greatly increase the large revenue now
, but only by allowing the natives the advan
tages of trade, from which they are to a certain extent
now debarred. As to the East Indian possessions
of England, no more unfortunate instance could be
adduced. The earth shows nowhere else an indus-
trious population of one hundred and fifty millions
living peaceably under one sceptre, and holding the
finest country in the world, from which no surplus
revenue can be collected, except the salaries for which
a few thousand adventurers barter their health, and
often their domestic happinese.
Count Cancrin would have been much nearer
the truth if he had traced the policy of .hold-
ing colonies at a certain expense, and under cir-
cutnetanoes mush more disadvantageous than an
open trading connexion, to the well-grounded fear
that these defenceless countries, under the rule of
cabinets that follow counsels like those he has pro-
Pounded would yield even less for the general
benefit than they have done under the faulty system
by which they have hitherto been administered. It
Is amusing enough to find a minister coming forward
with a theotedW defence of all the abuses of the
foreign and colonial policy,
attained a tolerably clear
' they have, so long moa-
t* the book on a future

iFint Arts.
THE DONCASTER Cur.—The cop this year, exe-
cuted after the model of Mr. Cotterill, consists of a cup and
cover, very handsome in figure and elaborate in execution.
The cup itself is richly decorated with tasteful ornameras in
the early Italian style, end the cover is surmounted by an
animated equestrian group of Richard Cour de Lion and
some Saracens, one ofthoss he has cut down with his
sue, and and is prepari repel the attack of another, who is
threatening biro with his spear. The incident is supposed to
have occurred at the battle of Ascalon, where Richard dis-
played, according to the old chronicles, great power an.j
dexterity with his mighty sus. The height of the cup rad
cover is 31t. 3lin., and its weight 263 ounces.

UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL.
CAMBRIDOI.—J. Hays, 8.A., Follow of Christ'• Col. on
the (mudslide of Sir J. Hach and Sir I. Baines, win sauLday
elected a fellow on the foundatioa.

CoßvocaTlON.—The Rev. 8. W.Wamefor d, LLD., rector
of Rourton-os-the-lillik and the Rev. R. W. Hafic, !wt., or 80..
elletun-Laightertoo, nave been elected Prbleo son to represent the
clew of the ftmr. I of Gloucester, in the ensui.v
y I acht 'temper, on her
FaLitouts. &EPP. B.—The Prink
way to the Sewn Bloom towing a light yew A. poi in bore Qt...
lag, to receive on board Archdeiseon Pt ilir,tte, who will lend at tit
Msnr's, Wily, to hold a visitation cow t.
PREFERMENT.—The Rev. R. A. Pritchard, to Matson C.,
Glowestersh. ; SOI.
VACANCY.th Kilworth R., Laiceatersk., dio. Peterb.,
4711., with residence ; pauon, the Lord Chancellor ; vacant by death
-- LL.D.

•

NAVAL.
NEW ARMAMENT FOR THE ROYAL NAVY.
In the month of April last we published exclusively •
detailed account of the new armament ordered for the stems navy of
England by the Hoard of Admiralty, after considerable experience had
been acquired, by actual experiments, as to the working, recoil, and
other properties of guns on board ships of war. We bare now the
pleasule of publishing exclusively the new armament which the
Noerd of Admiralty has ordered to be prepared for the ship' of war of
all classes in the royal navy. The return includes the new comple-
ments of men ordered fur each class of ships, and directs the manner
in which the gum are to he mounted :
Vissr.Rsrm. 120 Guns.—Britannia, Caledonia, Howe, Nelson,
Neptune, Royal Albert, Royal George, Royal William, St. George, St.
Vincent, "l'ilgar, and 'Waterloo; total l 2; complement, 1,000 men;
lower deck, kair 8-incts guns of 63 cwt., 9 feet ; twenty-eigb
8-lackinches;
guns of 63 cwt., 9 feet ; thirty-two 32-pounders of 30 cwt., I feet ;
main deck, thirty-four 32-pounders of 42 cwt., 8 feet; quarter deck
and feemetle, six 32-pounders of 43 ewt., ei feet 6 inches, fourteen
31-pounder carronados • of 17 cwt.; total. 120 gens 9.-110 Guns--
Marlborough, Prince of Wales, Queen, Roy_al Frederick Rely Sove-
reign, Vittoria, and Windsor Castle: total, 7 ==.6177m21
lower deck, six &Inch (WV, twenly.kur 82:, ; deck,
I four sdneh guns, twenty-Mx 33-pmendees ; mit desk, thirty 32.
pounder, (3); quarter do* and ihementka ea Ilimmiers (2); and
fourteen 32-pounders of 23 cwt. 11 fk.i Mal niemliew of Int-retes 19,
I mounting2,2lo guns.
Seneein-Itsviss.-10k Ones. Magienl, Impregnable,
Princess Charlotte, Queen Clearlatif, lINI Afbelkate; Mal, 6;
cons
ors; WM ma • lower
lot, Me IS temMlinn 32-
pounders; imailim Mali, two &na pins, a
4se.t. SS ;Ms doek, thirty itroodersof •ft.nrramere, on
compeer' wraps ; meter Mira Mars als Umandos (2),
and MlSSmardie oessedes ell er.-415 Gem—feres Nile,
Prim llesenk as• Pstsay,• err, 4; emplmer, SU men; lower
deek, Millenallanglk_ milikl2lMgm Opeeras; mix 8.
Mk gm^ hemarrir Orme; tot Mselsk modder, hrearatle,
two Sri roe et U owe. 11 het, sod timatriar ihronders
(3.)—Udians—OrmeArdeAsMme, remear, limiked, ?Mom
UM. ad IL Mr dMee; MI, 7 ; mapisowet, 0) men. The
ef armament Ms Ma is preirr the me se Mt et re receding,
with teem Sam asty twertor rs on the
min do ttifekeel MI Oema—Mememon, Asia,
Malay, OMNI. Poridatie, Ganges,
Illowor, itsiMso, ,aoliropreme; tor 14 ;
somiemelt. TN ma; Ime ask. elz NM mu twesta-bur
35mois min Ist, two Sert gm, SESpooros of
45 ewe. • *.I I metre Mk and reters ix Ummadere (3),
and *Ma gLwerloanrwedm of 17 ewt-60Clem—Drunorick,
Orstares Mom Goliath, Insister Lion, ids-
Mr llamm, Moms limb, end Vanguard; Ms 19; comple-
ment. TM/ ma; Mr Mk, eight Orr guns. twenty 32-pounders ;
.mm 4 Mk her NM gm, romOrs 32-pounder. (I) ; quarter
der mod heumers liwilf4sgsl3.posser gm (3). Total number
5111 mod res 411, morn STIO
milasm-76 Ors—delElsgm.
Ildrephen, Cemabeldgc, Fou-
dripped, TIMM" Wes ter omit Towner; eseal43=-
nor 810 ma ;Ms ark Uri girs torpolz
rds dock twist thirty limeades (1); worts dock and
brass,shtOpor (3), Iss Omar monars-71 Our
—Wm" MUMS. Milk lark PdINIII. Gerran remains,
_tem Holingara,momeme, lardemAtse=
sirti4
• Iria.illiZ, Wellinetian 92 ; NO me; lower
Mk, Mr Ildnottgunr, twerprwr Ms desk, twenty- 1
7.r..n=earnta..,..m ._--.....--:,-tz
breed; 1; morpiermr OOP Ens; Mar der bur 8-inek
Open em; iris dui, Soo Orr gar twenty-
six 3 (1); wig* desk sal hemaills. "sem Opoundere
#
(3 roller of thlrealms SII. sonsitig 1,91411 guns.
Poursams—lel Oson—Mat, Illodier, Melemtr, and In
Hogue; telel 4; cams, NO sr; tam dick, twenty-eh
49.pearres at N wed„ • 1104 • Sir; Ms look twenty-two
39-moden (5); mars Mk and hems* Mr, filmander, of
87 M. I, MS sod's= MUM gems=estel:sehlr
30 vom—Altisil. hawk% Arellass. . Om-
Mum Omeall, Der erks Drfr, Mr al ar=
ithdrawir, tassire.
_My. Ilavals. Ocesvhs,
Severn, Iheeinm Soft, Vases
_Mirk mot 111=em; tar,
24=mmil„ SO mama; aver Mk, sir Sri gm; terostp.two
; mare Mk and Mede, Or &bash mord des.
tems 1111-=(11= regoldmen).—Ods. Mr, Ms 1.110-
111.11 r, Orreter, and Was-
mar ; MLA; giliomer 430 or; Mk, far Sir guns,
troreht Opewy el 30 ewe., 6 het; wear ask sad See-
ars gar .anew
ras (2), and sixtem 13-MlimMk_et SI owt„ 6
, feet-46 Geos—Attepat ; tatal, I; mormer Ol ms ; miin 1
Mk, eig SIM tweatyro l
evee.,
rare Mk sad
Ismeer, be of 06 met.. 10 torn, and ram 11.
aril GM, •SO When Total amber of Meth.ener,
samelml,lBl
Ors.—gettee, Candeir aregmeas Om
fire, 5,10, smillestis ; tor 7 ; pi ma
.1.10 lor ; Ms
dsa, elz Irk pos el Ol owt, II 111 Sri ems &I-
pordems; mar Mk ar hnores Mrs (3).
—l4 Ora.—dollar, Armor Dried, Isimem Maw,
Des Las Ormier, Sloa.Mselk mse Bag; total, 1 i ;
aormereg,srtillo NMI guns of 110 cwt.,
II hie IOW" Hofonepor ef 411 M., 7 MO rho ;
pass* dot er fdards, bat eirearber fire (2), sad terve 32-
porier anemia le he my two-tier 33-
maga et freit. is men and Mimeo 1024500 r anr-
mar as So witty but hromells-41 Gose.—Alers,
Mars Gram Or, Ors Dim Plegod, Pas,
Istols, Memel, Loolis, Ilkiery=
OM, Poseres
Os Ildret Unamild. Wm, Vas=melmerllar
ildr"4; esormar,
310nrs ; oar deslNtLetair prof IS eirL. •
dirk = to
iuulidsattremill.
rnesoror. err
=isettelienlen ,Ibieworsillttir rWrowt.,7hetteries sad tea SI.
parr Ogsa—Orlsr sod frosibmg; total 2; ade-
pligasig, MO assiird&dide, Ow 6.bile meet •• ewt., 6 bale
primerderma ; werts s ask owl flimestle, two 1S-
(1), mol Opasersa of IS at s ML-30 gm—
emir; Mk I; lemost, US Y; desk, six s.lask
=6.llesrma Opsesfmr or Mk esd merle, tra-
de" awc, MI Mt, stole Opesares of SI cwt., 6 ter-
-21 Ors. —Matue, Fans, Maris sod Irdres; tub, 4 ; mega&
mink MO men; min Mk. MOW Mieneilere 'Mart, 9 OM
twits
Will% 111111111111 MIS MAIM; mar Mk or heserr
M= ' "ra n"'i
tior,diftrianr-,--
Total wormed L. SI i serf 5,014%.1....5..._
letemism—Geno L-15 Ors—Mns,
Iteriilso, bid
=12.11111W 11.825. 8; OIMIONINnt. 1
11
ma; deek,
two roe gems at SI er., 5 Sr rim 32-poorem ef 40 cwt.,
7 Mt • Yrs : wear Mk re twesstie two Orondres 13.)a
and era Sgrodoe el It cwt. • het.-24
Tramorbes; MI, 3; l
ucken ; min o'helle-
parimes, tee List gm; and Marrs gm Si-
=ef SIM, 6dr of 1141/psurges se 46 sr, If bet.—
Warr : total, 1; sindigra4 NO ma; omis Ms
liiliv•ersiddirs (1).-46 Gm- —OM ar Censpri ear 1;
elm ; tuna deLl.47 Sigemimee If 49 Mt,
I .111111111; err te-pOUSSOMI ) j weir Auk sr beirds,
=dr giwil...i, :
deck,
i. ems.-1x101);
niel el it $ frhst ; sil at
idsiliginkaires et .7:,.....r...1.2
; warbasat, IS wry eel ode,
ten (1), sr Nor pod Ili Id ewL, $ Mt ; rare Mk
Gamma
and re Orrery a t 55 M., 10 Mt, end two 53.
poorer (I).—gi Gra.—Dorms; ler 1; scatrarese, 230 mow ;
mar rik, Mho armies (1), di Sri gre, af 32 rt., • Set;
qvassfte *A errlkeinglik an 1 if lb sr., 10 dr
tzar IL-1190rd—berod, ralsresser Oillspi.
_sad
t 05444 emeisigt. loss
ma Ms MS toe riaii guns°627Thi
M. • Mg 4 Mrs Mhos of SS art55!.....1.1,-6.
Mk sr Ibtommer two (1), sal or
amer—U use Cagreft; INN, 1 ; andigrod, 153
sea-
sr; Ms Ur toe pm el be or, • Ihr Mors SS-
tmrsiL_r
_6,040 ergo slnshisa ; erre Usk god goads, two
==.,...0,(2) on 2. and mimes a phllo•2B.—Dsphas,
„ 171 our 10 leek, two &inch
=.1,2 M., 5 tot, (S) ~it der and
two armies 14.-11 learafites am.
rya& 1111141, nob add fads; Maul, 4; mkt, In Ira;
mei ilk tin iligsmins of *gut 7 ass 4 WM. errs 31.
paris cards; error of
gad far 76.rdeolie
cerember—Tilmiseirsor it siMireelnimainais SU gm.
rem-111 Ors—dsmisS Maar Per,
Twill, Ng Tisimilme ; WO; 7; grolisseld. 1 ma; two 32-
of INF guit. • Irasi. NI, Ina Oresdere of
rarnr; MS el to sadd 111111601114.-111011ML-ntallate, Ca-
mila% Taft, Barth Illses, gal Mr; risk 6; samplresst, 130
sea; do ass as et toss airs Is pair the am as tha
with the miter of bre berg gor barter 124MASEI
of sliism6-140fts.—Champlis.Oomis. Ibitzg,trisubd
vlt■Origissababins, Par blind dise,rd wait i
i=".....,,==hisit
oloutr.:_tr
UONarraamm_Altalmaallffiers.o.llNolias.o•lBo.Datimg,
IlderVArgi ro4lailirsialsiter.tilail==. tot;
PIM ar loam; Weal PS; mseasak 1513 ms; -most the
mos as be Or, airs, Ist Qu siberstrpserigargigesd Isla
—lf Our.-4191101111 Onrsr, Ifelibee, Überf Lib biker
Law,
Wranyikrs:2ll4=l.ol7ay icagamrt, itisi;
tre• d1=6;46 of al art, *bit Sider, sai Oa 11.foriles st IS
cart. 6 Md. Berair arrar Meer:
=liej Cligesi4SFlskt ammo so in their dos lot re
at redrel is slz.-41 ebas,—aket, Urge,
nuiradd WY 4;
et., blest relierr.494gradr" sgrOges—
arms; Prlbir fort ma W 4119111499; WM I;
imfbaser, $ll ma; two 1 of *rt. 6 MI, sad ix
Operree of 111 *wt., 3 fest • Toed 69 Wird 79,
sisribi
Mor—•llet *wt.
Ogder, bp*. Nadir, Mb,
2=12 deem, Omer gm lii Mont ; Isr, 10;
ass; ter lllrrediss fit 22 eery GM • baba i ll=
Walleirkil at 14 sid.—*Our—Diarb, Dart, Derr,
/ ib=rirr fir.
4 ..i t."-tam°4ll"":(l.3 elitTrat =l..=
110m—fiera and Ims ; 9; dessfisrig, MI or ; or 113.
=lliof UM, 7 lot • Mgr MOli WO MySINIhr anardes of
Telmlambsit at bidd 16, reasaddoll pr.
MOIIIIIAZI4
113 =7.1.111. g
St MUM w
IS koreero .
se lairerre „
U elerages ~ 515 „
79 sloop n
16 brigs ~
Grand total 315 ithip.ol-war „ -

14,220 „

• All Ids ermenertes Isle menlml Mr 'Ms Hardy's coca-
prewar wordris.
+ As ins lA* red Ws& of dr pm re always be
with Arid millbenity Is wilts oesermery ripest be tiros
each slam Ae, bowesse. OM MI WNW dams it
pounder ma to be nod in 1687 Senn (1) nationer 211=
the guild dr onooln owl. II OM fur OM wt. ftillsie.; sad
(0, con et 46 cwt. 8 ft. Wire rub In amorist dm, Ur Met
forprand welled ore rs. viderat ray rood dia.
nark 18 *snot 6118 wt. II ban

oldentime in respect to
jolt as his readers have a
a:eviction of the mischief
rimed. We may return I
comb*