The Express.
London, England, 1848-12-09 00:00:00

SWITZERLAND.

The Swiss Naomi GassUe, under date of Berne,
4th inst., says that the new ambassador from fipain,
M. Nobles, is arrived.
At Lucerne enrolments of troops for Naples are
actively continued.

SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE SHOW.

Satza.—Amongst the principal males effected are
the following :
In C 1... 1. No. s—Barl Speneer's shorthorned oz, which
obtained the second prize, to Mr. W. R. o.iver, Southunp-
too, for, it se said, 451. No. 15—The four years aid eleven
months old, bred by Mr. J. Beesley, which obtained the
third prize, to Mr. T. Bancroft of Great Grimsby, Linooln-
shire, for 401. In Class 2. No. I7—Mr. J. Phillips's Here-
ford steer, which obtained the mooed prize, to Mr. J. W.
Marton, of Salisbury, for 38 gnineas. No. 18—Mr. J. Swat-
ton's shorthorned steer, which obtained the third prize. to
Mr. S. Smith, of Salisbury for 35 guineas. Clam 3. No. 37—
The short-homed steer bred by Mr. J. Clover, of Knifing,
asar Newmarket, which obtained the second prize, to Mr. J.
Wonsan, of Folkston, it is stated for 40 guineas. In Class 4.
No. 45—Mr. .1. Manning's Hereford eteer, which obtained ,
the second prize, to Mr. Slider, of Kensington. In Clain 5
AU the prizes have been sold. le Clam 8. No. 83—The
West Highlendoz, which obtained the pries of 101 ,to Mr.
Alder, of Behar. No 68—Prises Albert's West Highland
ox, to Mr. Harris, of the Isle of Wight In Class 7. No. 69
Mr. T. Griffin's short-horned Wier, which obtained the fiat
erne and silver medal, to :Mr. Be lain, of King's reed,
Chelsea. la Clam 8. No. 93—Berl Fitzwilliesn's short-
horned heifer, which obtained the second prize, to Mr. Mitt,
of Wellingbi:vongh. In Clam 9. No. 102—The Darkest
421
, ert obtained the Inn male 201., eta mayor and
2 sedolc, to Mr. Major, of Folkston, Kent.
In the dun, clause the sales have been exceedingly brisk.
In clam 10. No.lo9—Mr. J. G. Bosworth's pen of Leiessters,
which obtained %Inwood prise, to Mr. C. Drake, of the Mile
end-road. No.ll2—Mr. T. Tcitehell's pea of old pare Leese-
tee wethen, which obtained the first pr.ze and silver medal,
to Mr. T. Randall, of London-road. In class 11. No. 113—
Mr. B. Nswman's pen of Leicester wethers, which obtained
the third prise, to the same person. No. 115—The Mar-
quess of Bxeter's pen of Leicester wither', which obtained
the second prize of 101., to Mr.:T. Johnson, Dockbesd, Ber-
mondsey. No. 116—Mr. J. WoA's pen of old Leicester
within, which obtained the first price, and silver medal and
gold medals, to Mr. Glass, of Lambeth-walk. In Clue 15.
No. 151—The Duke of Richmond's pen of South Down
wethen, which obtained the second prize, to Mews. Kirkby
and Handsoek, Palk-street. No. 167—Mr. S. Webb's pen
of South Down withers, which carried off the first prize and
silver sad gold medals, to Mr. T. H. King, of Brighton.
No 184—Sold to Mr. Slater, of Kensington. In Class 17.
No. 165—The Duke of Richmond's pen of South Dowa
withers,eold to Meters. Kirkby and Hancock ; and 167
Mr, webb's South Down withers, to Mr. T. King, of

In the Pig class—No. 177, class 18, the Earl of Radnor'.
Coleshill pigs, were sold to Mr. 0. Snelling, Minoru. No.
178—Mr. B. Willleld's true Essex pigs, to W. Budge, of the
New Cut.

Tun Ray. A. MMTABLE'd FARM REFORNB.—AI
the Stamina?, Cattle-show dinner last week, the Rev. Mr.
Rurtable said : Now, I'll tell you what my manure met,
and herein I rather differed from the judges when they
talked with me on the hilL They said I ought to charge the
tales of the farm-made dung, This I n do, upon the
simple principle that in valuing my crops I neither put a
prise on my straw nor manure, therefore I don't value
manure. Straw is mit were deaestock—" dead !" I should
rather gay it is the
_great supporter of our farms. But the
Wilda manure I used wee composed of 2 cwt. of dis-
solved ooprolitee in half their w tof sulphuric add,
and seven put-loads of dung mired with ashes. Now,
I need the word " coprolites." " What, says some
tremor, what does that meant I never heard the term
Mehra " Nor did I until about two years ago, and
than I was obliged to go to a Greek lexicon, to
Gad oat what it meant. Comae moans a dung-
stems; that is, in other words, dung turned into stone,
or hoell dung. It is a very remarkable discovery that hes
been made. Liebig (of whom by-the.by• a farmer once
nil that he bad been wrongly named, and that instead of
Idag. he should be celled a big lla)—(laughter)—Liebig
says; As Ragland owes the strength of her manufactures,
sad her power among nations, to the coal mines which exist
la her, so it will be discovered by and bye that she owes
the strength of her agriculture to the foe& depodts and
fossil bales which exist among the strata of her adl." Now,
so far as turnips are the or pod non of good agriculture,
this is the case. These prim-honoured swedes were prin-
cipally due to those dissolved dung stones which are
obtained in great quantities indeed in Norfolk. A friend of
mine, Mr. Lewes, Imports some thousands a year from Nor.
folk. He has them ground down by powerful inachisery, and I
purebred my coprolites of him. Siam then, I have found
them in my own parish. A learned philosopher MY down
to my place, and he said, in this pew moll pen will find
the thug stones." So I dug away. The mesa an the fans
were set to work, and awe enough we did get some of dill
dung atone. This whisk I have brought yea is only the
lOU part of it. I nuns at keno as hive as this plate.
They are supposed to have boss dam impel lq the Oria-
rises--enormous lizards that Rea ell Yds OM hag Wen
It was put to our use. There seems le be a genera 'pinks
that lam joking. I give you wq baser that I speak seri.
cooly. lam wades that issiemly ;it is, Ido cusider, a
most an sled -weadisella set of Providence that we
should have, hem ear sell, ma only coal, but bane in its es-
sential element. No body has mere of the eemee of bone
than this. It is as if you Mat a beree's leg, sad burned it
to sates ; and there are thermals mad teas of thecae&
of tons of it on our soil. [Specimens of the newly-
diamond manure in its natural and pulverise& state,
were *IS handed round the room, and Mr. Hastable
• named.] Gentian's, I will have a pit opened es
my land, to show you where they are. They lb about three
feet deep, but they don't pay for working, and lam eIX!
to get them from Norfolk. Mr. Lewes charges &Amy
dissolved in half their weight of sulphuric acid, at Si. a tea,
or fa. a emt.---so that actually my purchased manure mete
ca the whole 10s. an amt. Well now I want to tell yes
about a gross failure this year. I candidly tell you that in
the saner of growing swedes I had grown rather bump.
tious—aad if I saw anybody else at work, I red to think I
could beat him; bet on one of my West Farm fields this
year I have failed. I ploughed up_ six acres of stiff land to
be frosted through the winter. When spring cum, it was
covered our with dung till it was as black as say hat ; fee I
set my two bailiffs one spina the other, and the did
not spur the dung I enure you. I had it
down sad weeltU'it, that stiff clay, as lee se seal
We then drilled is three owt. of super-phosphate of lime
—that is, them coprolites dissolved in sulphuric said,
sad now, I said, best this who can. But to my mese.
meat a tarp pardon of the field never produoed anything
bigger than this wine gird What was the meson ? The
shy had beim very Rae, it held together like mortar ; I
heal it up sad sabsidiell Mint, the rests were all stifled.
Now for ate begrudge. I had one ern dibbled, gardener's
Uses being drawn from ere and of the field to the other, two
feet apart, and boles heed out one foot apart. These were
filled with dug, gazed with area and superphosphate,.
there I had excelleat swedes. That manual labour cost IL
per are. When you get a stiff clay, the small tendrils of the 1
reds haven't room to expand, but if you put his food under '
hint he'll sit down upon hand enjoy himself. (Laughter.) They
grew wonderfully. It is certain that ens single ton of swedes
extra will pay for the whole expense. Ai: 28 acres of
mangel wurzel in this way, the labour lik., and the
crop averaging 271 tons per acre. I repeat, euttaisly
to
grow mange' wired, you should all the mss,
women, and children you can come to put the
dung into the bolas and the end on the top, end then
they U grow like magic. (Cheers.) The next subject
I want to speak to you about is liquid manuring. This I
am doing rather on a grand scale Everybody now who
has tried to catak manure in tanks is getting heartily tired
of it ; for, in carting it out on heavy soil in wet weather , it
cuts the land all to pisom Well, I set to work and tr*sd to
think what was to be dons. I will tell what I have
accomplished, on rather a large Hale. Iyou had laid down
1,300 yards a wood piping, in larch, or Scotch fir, or elm,
bored by a woed.boring machine, two What in diameter.
The carpenter charged me 7d. a yard for boring; I have
bought the wood at 2d. a yard, but I'll call thettpimal;.
a yard. A faring-lump was then made by
mepeater, wadi lonise the manure thrush the pipe, sad
k sus all over the farm, The expense of waterhig- 90 awes
will be 701. 10e , sad it is managed thus: nue get anew
gifted shout the fields, the water rushee dews Ems pigs
them bet wider mead, end is forced of these amps
gad* are six het high, end they are pima at we it
MINION that the water-art hasn't farther tops than NS
ts he filled ; and the Seelleng of the matter kithis t
Issfig pimps away all day, for it het es:, bard week; .11111
ga ahoy with two pony walsr.emb(lor if yea have a Urge
wamiurt sad a large hue, the weight of the animal sad
the vehicle will eat the peva up, because the time fad
liquid manuring is whoa the mil is damp). If yea has,
broad wheels mute to the eart, sad only put Into them a
hogshead and a half at a time, you'll not cut the grimed
We found that • lad pumping at Is. a day—a lava lad said
--takes twelve minutes to fill a pony cart, sad we are smelly
eight boars watering two acne of land with liqsid manure •
the manure for thh quantity of land was diluted with
eighteen hogsheads of water. Well, there is the lad pump-
ing. Ike pas cart and boy. say 3a., eat *et
is the cost of the labour. Now look at re OF
sults. Ws oat gram only the day Wore yesterday eighteen
Inehes is hei..kt ; and if Italian rye gram is watered
with liquid manure after cutting, it will grow in an bow
dibly short epees of time ; for, recollect, when you mew
down grass it is thirsty beyond measure. I have belies
rye-pars which has grown eight inches in the l
frost, foeast az wee
ft ivks,
and If we have no Gat—that is, no black
that that does the mischid—before Chrisruso I shall ass ta
aria ens bee high. If yen put a little rano Mb the
water and dirribete it is this way, the plants will take it up
in a moment. I have here the most extraorditti ry spealmen
I ever Irksome& Mr. Radcliff, of Grit:bell, cams to me am
rlvy era& sheaved se Isms beaky that had low tankage to
nee mho. I took oat of these and pat it Woos to say
liquid manure stump, and here it is literally. It hes
let sumps produced from one stump of barley. This,

gentlemen, was grown by liquid manure. [The straw
of the barley with the roots on was here banded round
the room. It was about the site and not much unlike,
in form, a large stick of celery. This was the fruit of
a single grain.] Now you may say, gentlemen (continued
Mr. Hatable, MA'st the farmers were examinioe this
cariosity ) this arm from what's called the hpyiy"
season (that is very good Dorset, but very bad English). I
live a word to by on that ; I ban ca by watering, this •
srE=bsort one part of my glover four times—good
*fever at the hest a foot high. Yon would
my It was the lippy" season, bat what dirt the lippy season
do for the odor grass that I out say twice ? So I get two
more cuttings by watering, and they come in at &time when all
sorts of artfloial gneiss get ratherillry—vis , in the month of
August. It is worth lb weight in geld then, for you cannot
Tam a green crop white cosmos in at a scares time. In the
mouth of August it is worth its weight is gold—at host it is
for milking. This clover gives me a great triumph over
the dairy firms In early August. lam sure you feel that
what I have done—open as it has been to everybody's
inspection—l am sure that you feel that this is not an indi-
vidual questin • it is a great national question. (Hear.) If,
where 2‘ labourer, were employed before, there are mow 16 ;
and if where there wen 601. laid out in labeuv, there are
now 3631. expended and profitably expended, I say it is a
national question. (Hear, and cheep.) I hope I shall never
as long as I live fritter this down into a mere tandem of per-
sonal gratification or triumph. God forbid that I should fall
to foci the inspatance of the subject in a national point of
view ; if I did I would not be here.
RECORDERSDIT NORWICH.—The recordership of
Norwich, an office which was recently vacated in so sudden
and hcrrible a manner by the murder of Mr. Jenny, has
been given to Mr. Prendergast., of the Norfolk circuit. We
have reason to believe that this appointment will give the
greatest satisfaction both to the members of the bar on the
circuit end to the inhabitants of Norwich, where the learned
gentleman has been long known for his prolemioral attain-
ments. We believe that the reoordership of Bedford, lately
held by Mr. Prendergast, will be given to Mr. Burcham, of
the Norfolk circuit.—Manning gaper.
EAST INDIA MILITARY COLLEGE.—Yeeterday,
deputation from the Haitian House proceeded to the East
India Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe, for the
purpose of receiving a report from the lientenant•governor
(Sir Ephraim Stanzas) of the progress roads by the gentle-
men cadets in the various branches of their studies, and dis-
tributing prises gained sines the last term. Amongst the
visitors were his Grass the Arekbhitop of Cant:rltraad
General Sir George The drann sat
won emissted to the examinatiwa ball sad
The *lark then rued the report of the lieutenant-governor
and public examiner, which recommended that 38 cadets
should be brought rward in the allowing manner, viz., 6
for engineers, 12 for the artillery, and 21 for the infantry,
being all of the first class. Engineer—Meant. Innis,
Walker, Chesney, Davidson, and Ballard. Artillery—Mena.
Gabagan, J. Mullins, Harwood, Bogle, Turnbull, M'Leod,
W. Heathen, B. Ashburner, Peach, Ingilby, A, G. Newell,
and Evans. Infantry—Main, Carey, Reeves, Hobson,
Launce Craigie, Brun, Furst, Farr, Steuart, Cumming,
Glom, Lewis, Cooper, Mollet, Des Voeux, Norman, Carrell,
Hamilton, Welsh, Burton, Pedley, and Dyer. The clerk
read the following list of prizes that had been awarded
:-
-First Clan: Mr. J. L. K. lonia, prizes second in mathe-
matics and geology, and the " Polack Fold medal." In
presenting this prize the chairman said it must afford the
gallant general, with whose prewar' they were honoured
this day the utmost satisfaction to see it so well deserved.
Mr. E. Walker, first prim in mathematics, French, and first
prize is Hindustani. Mr. G. Chesney, first prize in fettle-
cella, military surveying, and first good conduct (a meet
splendid satin?"' sand). The chairman (addressing Mr.
; Cheney) said he felt persuaded he could not present a more
' appropriate gilt, and he confidently hoped that his future
course would be as his past one of good conduct and honour.
(Cheers.) Mr. Ballard, prize military and civil drawing, and
• mond good conduct. Mr. Gahsgan, prize in Latin and
second Hindustani—Second clam: Mr. Montgomery, third
=geed conduct, fortifications, and Hindustani. Mr. L.
ism, third prise in military drawing and military sui-
t Toying, and civil drawing. Mr. Gotbred, prize in French.
• Mr. Hughes, prize in Latin.—Tbird claw: Mr. W. Warren,
fourth prise in good conduct. The chairman having ad-
/ dressed the aide* the court of directors then broke up The
. prom:dap during the day were enlivened by the band of
the corps, who played a variety of popular airs, marches, tto.
• •

- - - - - -
POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.—Dr. Ryan has been
engaged during the week in delivering a series of most in-
teresting and important lecturer, at the Royal Polytechnic
Institution, on agricultural chemistry, suited to the farmers
who at this season annually visit our metropolis. Dr. Ryan's
reputation as an agricultural chemist has long been esta
blished ; and it will be recollected that three years ago he
was chosen by the council of the Royal Agricultural Society
of Ragland to deliver the annual lectures to the members.
His lectures during the past week have been confined prin-
cipally to the " food of plants, and the sources from which
that food is derived." In the first pert of the course, Dr.
Ryan directed the attention of his audience to the organic
and inorganic constituents of vegetables, giving. a number of
apt experiments for the purpose of explaining fully the
nature and character of them constituents. lie then pealed
on to the consideration of the food of plants, and the supply
of that food. The food which formed the organic portion of
the plant—namely, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen,
he proved was derived from the atmosphere ; while such in-
organic constituents as Meth, potash, soda, iron, lime, phos-
phoric and sulphuric acids, were derived either from the soli
or from some substance added artificially to the soil. The
lecturer esiteredatgreat length into the sources of the organis
food, showing first the changes which produce carbonic acid
during respiration, combustion, and decay ; and then point-
ing oat practically the separation by plants of the carbon and
its assimilation to form the future wood. The decomposi-
tion of atmospheric water by the plant, to supply its
hydrogen and oxygen, was also shown, sad the learned
doctor gave it as his opinion that the vital oon of the plant,
enabling it to decompose these various compounds, was
dependent on electrical force. The reparation of nitrogen
alio, from the carbonate and nitrate of ammonia in the air,
was proved very satisfactorily. In the second part of the
course Dr. Ryan explained the proems of the disinradthi
of rocks—the sonuniantion of their particles, their
decomposition by the oaks of air and moisture, to form
soils ; and to those aliseges he proved we were to trace the
supply of the !ampule emetituents of plants. The experi-
ments by which he showed the conversion of such ineoluble
matters as silica, chalk, *e., into food, were most interesting
and characteristic. In the concluding portion of the Defies
Dr. Ryan oongrstulated the farmers upon the removal of
much of that prejudice against chemical agriculture which
formerly existed ; and regretted that it should still exist in
some minds. Re also laboured to prove that by the aid of
chemistry alone could farming become a perfect science;
and that it was only by an analytical examination of the
soils, and a comparison of their constituents with the re-
quirements of the future crop that the system of manuring
could be ettoosestully carried out. We need scarcely say
that them lectures throughout were most numerously M.
tended by the clam of persons for whom they were print!.'
pally intended.
Mr. HUDSON has purchased the Pocklington Canal
far 18,0001.

•
A PRISONER SHOT IN AN ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE.
—ln the course of yesterday afternoon, the court at the
Surrey Sessions received information that one of the pd.
loners confined in BrixtonHouse of Correetion had attempted
to escape, and in so doing was @hot by the governor. It ap-
peared from what our reporter could glean, that the prisoner
had succeed in climbing the wall, when the governs was
apprised of it. The latter instantly proceeded to the place
and discovered the prisoner ereepiag along the top of the
wall. On his approach he threw down a heavy stone which
struck the governor on his left hand, dislocating one of
his lingers. The latter was armed with a loaded blunder-
buss, which he fired at the man and shot him in the thigh.
when he was immediately captured. Two of the magistrates
instantly proceeded to the House of Correction to investigate
the afar, the result of which is not yet known.
FRAUD ON THE BANK OF ENoLAND.—A few dare
ago a note of 1,0001. was presented for payment. The in-
spector examined it, found It genuine, looked to the numbers
of the stopped notes, and seeing that the note presented was
not among them, two6ool. notes were given in exchange, for
which gold was procured almost immediately. On the fol-
lowing day it was discovered that the leading figure of the
number had been dexterously changed, and that 94,826 was
altered to 04,826. It required the eye of a chemist to detect
the change ; and as no blame can be attached to the inspec-
tor, we presume the " net " will be reduced by the amount
paid in error. The figure was so well inserted that no
nary examination was equal to its discovery. The note thus
sent in formed one of a series of which a bank clerk was
defrauded a few years ego.