The Express.
London, England, 1851-03-18 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 18, 1851.

all, were exemplary in the extreme, said they required this.
Why was it required ? Cardinal Wiseman had said—and
(he the Solicitor-General) thought there was a good deal of
truth here--Cardinal Wiseman had said in his • Appeal to
the people of England" that they wanted to introduce the
canon law and could not do it under the vicar% apostolic.
(Hear, bear.) He (the Solicitor-General) begged to ask if
the Roman catholic religion had declined under the vicars
apostolic? Did not the brief itself recite that the numbers
were increasing, that the religion was most flourishing and
most prosperous ? Then why was the hierarchy neemeary
Cardinal Wiseman had let out the facts in his " appeal
that they wanted to establish the canon law, and they wanted
eynodiced actem. They had not forgotten theny nod of Thurlys.
The established usage of the Irish church Ind been this :
The church, on the recurrence of any vacancy, sent to Rome
three names of persons whom they recommended for the
office of bishop. The three names were sent that one might
be selected from them, and if he (the Solicitor-General)
were not mistaken thee: words were attached to the names,
dignus, dignicrr, diynissimus, and the party to whose name
the latter appellative w.a attached was appointed by the
Pope. They had sent three names on the occasion under
question, and the l'ope of Rome had passed by all the
three names, had violated the established Lane and practice
of the church, and had sent Dr. Cullen. It had been this
Dr. Cullen, who had never exercised any pastoral or minis-
terial duties previously, who had been an Italian monk—
(hear, hear)—it had been this Dr. Cullen who had sum-
moned the synod of Thurtes, and by his own casting vote I
had decided that the Roman catholic, should not adopt the
colleges which were being established. Was this spiritual ;
or ecclesiastical ? (Laughter, and " Hear, hear.") Did they
desire in this realm of nuland any sr:ads of the Slate
description? (No, no.) No. To their own church ofd
England they did not allow the use of convocation, and yet
that chunk was subject to the control of the crown, was
summoned by the authority of the crown when convoked,
was presided over by a person authorised by the crown.
The crown had power to prorogue it, and power to dissolve
it. (Hear, hear.) The bishops and persons who composed
it were persons over whom the crown had at all time, con-
trol. They were, in the face of this, asked to sanction the
synodical action of a body over whom the crown had no con-
trol—with whose appointment the crown had nothing to du—
and whine procedure in general the crown had no means
of controlling. Would they desire to see synod:, erected,
composed of such parties, and it might be acting in direct
competition with the established church ? (lcer, hear.)
Conceding in favour of the working clergy of the catholic
church that they were for the most part pious and exem-
plary men, he maintained that the ruling spirit in the
higher ecclesiastical circles was one of ambition, usurpa-
tion and encroachment. As an additional maven fur
guarding; against the influence of this spirit, he pointed to
the tendencies manifested in our own Ovine' to the " pie-
turceque " in religion, and the avowed bias towards esthetic
doctrines and practices. Let whatever was essential to the
catholic religion he granted not as a hoon but as a right, but
let what was done be done by the intervention of the law.
Ile deprecated a delay of the remedy until the danger had
grown to full stature, and referred to Ireland us a formi-
dable example of the evil that followed forbearance, the
conciliating gentleness of the government having been pre-
sumed upon by a systematic violation of the law, and ren-
dered necessary the extension, which he nevertheless re-
gretted, of the present measure to that part of the United
Kingdom. The hon. gentleman concluded by advocating
the bill as the mildest possible enactment which could suf-
fice to prevent the contemplated act of papal and episcopal
encroachment. (The hon. and learned gentleman resumed
his seat amid loud and continued applause.)
Mr. CARDWELL said the hon. and learned gentleman
had told them that the municipal law had been vio-
lated, that the international law had been violated, and
that the humour and sovereignty of this empire had been
interfered with. 110 (Mr. Cardwell) asked where then
had been Her Majeetyei government ? (hear, hear.) Did
they mean to tell him that international law had been
scandalously infringed, that territorial invasion had been
perpetrated, that a foreign prince—the representative Of a
foreittn mutt —waa governing our counties with tempondjuris
diction, and yet that our government had not done anything ?
Did they mean to ell hint that acts of treason hail been
committed, and that the law officers of the crown had taken
no step el, vindicate their sovereign? Did they mean to
tell him that they relied on the bill before the house for the
suppression of all they contended had taken place ? (hear,
hear.) Ile would invite the attention of the Solicitor-
General to a discussion of that bills which the hon. and
learned gentleman had entirely omitted from his speech.
lie (the Solicitor-General) hail told them that there were two
cleave who opposed the hill, the Roman catholic party in that Timm •no
is state of things. more lamentable than
house, bevauee they %aid they had demanded.' hierarchy, and
the pneedants of tied. house, who treated the whole matter that which divides society into two parties, one
with indifference. The hon. and leaned gentleman forgot of which is bent on pure mischief, the other bent on
that there might be other protestant, who had other feel- resisting mischief, and preserving matters as they
sags, and who regarded the aet of the Pope with feeling• more gm. In such a struggle all sight is last of liberal
akin to those of the Solicitor-General, hut who did not like this • •
bill. (Cheers.) The hon. and learned gentleman had tote maples, or even of conservative improvement.
them that the Pope luta taken on himself to nominate rustice, fairness. generosity, are alike fiung aside.
bishops, and that those bishops were not only spiritual but Tyranny and vindictiveness are exercised in the
temporel -that they were about to introduce the canon law name of order, whilst liberalism degenerates to im-
and to, hold synods, and that they had invaded the peerage- patience, then to utter recklessness, and to mere
tins of the crown. And, now, as executive intervention was
destructiven at hut.
not to prevent all that, would the bill now before the house
prevent it? (hear, hear.) He (Mr. Cardwell) told the Such is the state of French society. Some months
Roman catholic, that he regarded what had been done are laa(*k we thought England fully neenre against this
an aggression on the rights of this realm. (" Hear," and French epidemy. But, decidedly, we have at
c lie had heard the doctrines "1 civil and religious length caught it,undare beginning to show the symp-
lit".) tyalready laid down in a powerful speech, and it was toms
.and experience its paralysing effects. It
inspoesible to forget that thew were the doctrines of Locke
Is lint, indeed, the entire bony social with its that
and other,. Blacketone had laid it down that it was the
right .4 every individual to worship his Creator according has been affected, but only the body politic. But,
to his conwience. Theo came the right of an emit:Fe:wit:a take parliament, and the clubs, and the press, at the
combination of a church, bound by the laws of civil present moment, and you may safely divide men
eovernment; and in that case Blackstone declared into two classes--those who are anxious for political
that there was a law, and that was, the safety
and convenience of the state in which such cc- order, and those who are anxious for disorder and a
clesiestie. lived. (Hear, hear.) What wall our eon- break ups—those bent on mischief, and those desirous
duet with regent to the established church ? Why did of preventing it.
we close her cunvocation, carry her appeals to the privy One ..;.„ easily
council, and assert the supremacy of the Queen and the con- L.,..r0 conceive that a month Sint(' MIM-
I liberal men were anxious for the dissolu-
trol of parliament? It was—berause, if it were not so, s'e
danger, would arise. (Ileer.) And when we talked if the tion of the whig ministry. The nullity of its
United States of America in relation to these matters, he 1111.111111 res, and even of its promises, made it
begged to be permitted to ask—hut the United Statee a resemble an incubus, to get rid of which
throne, or a Intl of rights, or an act of settlement, or a co-
ronation oath, or an oath for Roman catholic members OU wean the first object, let what would come after.
taking their seats in Congrem (Hear.) If this were so, and But, after a trial, nothing was found possible but
if the Human catholic.' were living under the shelter of our whiggisin or protection. Nay, more ; it was plain
constitution, it was necessary that
they should consult the that in the chapter of accidents nothing was pos.
convenience and wishes of the country, in which they lived. Mille, Wye these two, except the whig party could
(Hear, hear.) They had nit consulted thaw wishes, and in
50 doing they had committed a subetantial aggression he dissolved hy the decapitation of its chief and the
utti asunder of its subordinate elements. Tlds
against this country. (Cheers.) We were dealing here, P ng . .
not with phraseology, but with farts ; and, in his opinion, was for several weeks the aim of the cunning folk,
the Roman catholies had made their miseionary church of Sir JaMEs GRAHAM, of the Times. But whilst
into a normal church, and had thereby invaded the peace the crafty leaders worked in this direction, the
and tranquillity of this country. (Renewed cheer.)
agreed with the Solicitor-General in this respectlie; ,Inere BCIIOOIbOSB set to work in another, scatter-
themselves into tirailleurs, and getting
but, then, what was the remedy the government Jig
had provided? The bill consisted of a single dative up a system of annoyance, the effect of
The Solicitor-General had said that here we had which must necessarily be, not the severing
a cardinal, with his red stockings and his catch- of the whigs, hut the binding their ranks more
nalatical hat, laying down the law tor Roman catholic". closely, saute compactly, and devotedly together.
But, when this bill was pamed, where would the cardinal •
there any prohibition in The big' gest sthoolboy in this campaign of bush
be ? (Hear, hear.) Where was
the bill ageing the introduction of bulls ? (Hear, hear.) fighting, notwithstanding his good intentions and his
The Solicitor-General had the greeted possible objection to good cause, has been 13.“1.1.1E. Lord JOHN
the introduction of th t canon law ' • but, in the bill, there ItesseLL ought to be, and no doubt is, profoundly
was nothing whatever which had a tendency to prevent the obliged to min,
introduction of canon law and the weiemleing if synod..
And yet if there was any object to be gained by
(Ilcar, hear.) The right hon. baronet (Sir R. Inglis) had
lately prevented a petition to that house, to prevent young dcmolishiri the whigs, the Nylon stick is as good
persons from being detained in convents and their money front and as hart a one as could be 'found for beating out
being conveyed away from them by ltosnan catholic priests. their brains. For certainly anything so reckless as
lint would this bill prevent that ? The hon. and keened the appointment of the officiids in that colony, so
gentleman with great ability, endeavoured to prove that
repasterous as the conduct of those officials, and
the bishop of a voluutary church mereised his authority
rastly, anything so gravaitously suicidal as Lord
subject to the laws of the country: hewed that the mune
of law took cognisaitee of their bye lava, and in that way Olive's seeking to cover their mindeeds, was enough
exercised tempera! jurisdiction. Why the hon. and learned to sink any ministry.
gentleman could not hal* known that the clauses affecting The fa report of the evidence before the
that part of the argument had been withdrawn. They
.- f,
e 3 lon committee is now before the public. And
were told that when Dr. Cullen came from Rome he
violated the civil power by assuming the title of Archbishop one has but to peruse the evidence of that witness,
of Armagh. The Attorney-General fur Ireland was con- best informed, and, at the same time, most able and
suited, and he Neill Dr. Cullen appeared to have must capable to screen the government, to be con-
vinced how ill-judged and unwarrantable were the
violated the law, but they had only seen it in the
newspapers; they could not obtain evidence of the fact,
whole of their policy and pineeedings.
m and the etateente in the newspaper' were not evidence in
a court of law. And therefore', Dr. Cullen was not prose- If ever there was a race which chance or for-
cuted. Now, could it be believed, that this was the urge- tune bad rendered subject to us, which demanded
ment for bringing in a bill which would lease the law in fair and mild treatment, it certainly was the
Kandian. They rebelled e{--,rinse a tyrant king, and
England precisely as it was in Ireland? And the day after
the act had received the royal assent the government would made over their allegiance t.) us. But in return they
consult the hon. and learned gentleman and he would reply,
found us worse than any native tyrant, in the aboh-
" I have only seen it in the newspapers, 1 have no further
evidence of it, and therefore I cannot prosecute them," and tion of their feudal habits, i.l the attempt by what
Dr. Wiseman would go scot free. The measure was we called civilisation to sue...p away their nobility
and clergy, and to impose numerous money taxes large enough to irritate and not large enough to
;eon a people who knew not the Ilbe of money. The
settle, It appeared to him that this act would affect the
loyal catholic subjects of this country, and that they
according to Sir EfleltsoN TENSEST,
wen, nut doing it so as to vindicate the honour of the andian chiefs,
crown. They were not repelling the insults they had re- are exceedingly moral, and have no violent vices.
ceived, they were not adding one iota to the security of Drunkenness does not tempt them, and no race
the protestant institutions of England ; hut this they were can be more abstemious with respect to women.
doing—they were creating within the vitals of this country They have no jealousy. They are most unwar-
little wound, a festering wound—a wound the end of
like. Their rekion: Buddhism, is the most
which they did not foresee, and the cure of which
they could not effect. They must bear in mind that to favourable to civilisation of any of the Eastern
legislate on ecclesiastical titles was to leave the thing as they creeds, and did they not falsify it Sy adhesion to
found it. He was persuaded that by persevering in caste, it would almost merit a certain degree of
this bill they should not vindicate the honour of the 1 itroTioge. They have no wants, no wealth. Their
crown, they should not repel the sovereignty of Great r-
sole property is land, and the sole use they make of
Britain, they should not repel this continental invasion,
they should not accomplish any object by a clause which their property in land is to feed the peasnniry, which
it was known could be evaded. He believed that if are thus their retainers.
the other clauses were to remain they also could be easily I On this timid, poor, aboriginal, and amiable peo-
evaded. He, therefore, considered that by supporting this
plc was first of all laid a Monet' tax, which the
bill he should offer rather an affront to, than comply with. e
the desires of the pneeetants of England ; he thought that Pmr• who had nothing they could call their own, were
said condemned to pay ; fur instance, for keeping:a dog.
he should do much to render Ireland ungovernable,
that upon him would uut rest a share of the nspouei- ; When,in consequence of this,theeshowed signs of dis-
!nay. He agreed with the honourable end learned content and disaffection, a set of laid officers and police
gentleman the Attorney-Generel, that they were let loose upon them, who felt towards the Kan-
Iv very watchful and cautions in their proceedings ee,„e
because if they put themselves in the wrong the retribution and also spoke of them, as Sir 11.eitar S. •mtrit
would recoil upon theme:lves ; and believing that that might of the Katfirn, or an Irish Orange magistrate of
would be the effect of the wetted reading of this bill, hi 1793 might of the Irish. These poor Kandians fired
regard to the honour of the crown, in regard to the Justly some shots in the air, and wounded one soldier with
excited feelings of the justly excited prutestants of Engl; •; a slag in some chasm encounter. Then martial law
he should refuse his assent to the second reading of this
was instantly proclaimed, and stuamary trials and
bill. (Cheers.)
Mr. M. MILNES moved the aljournment of the debate. more summary executions followed. 'When the
Mr.DISRAELI said it would be well if the hoax should officials were questioned as to what really was the
really understand when the adjourned debate wont' use of proclaiming martial law, they answered, that
come on. • it was for the purpose of teaching the Kandians that
Sir G. GREY said the hon. gentleman the member for .„ee.e„ w_ . e. e-
RS caveat onenee. sears, it was coin-
Bridport, who had the first notice, we. willing to give way. I ""ss"'
There were no other notices of any importonee ou the phuned. had sod over without their being taught
paper except that of the member for Carlow, respecting the this. One should thick the fair^st way to inculcate

Irish tithe rent charge, and he did not consider that to be
of such pressing importance as that it should be brought en
• before theSdjourned debate.
Mr. SADLEIR said it was utterly impossible that he
should decline proceeding with the motion. The subj, et
was of importance and he had postponed it last session. lie
' felt bound. to proceed with the motion.
Mr. DISRAELI—WiII the right hon. gentleman inform
us whether the budget will come on on Monday ?
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER was un-
' derstood to reply that it would come on on Friday. It
was not easy to say to what length the debate would go on,
I but the find night after the debate was concluded they
would go on with the nary estimates.
Mr. GOULLII:RN—May I inquire whether, under any
circumstances, the Oath of Abjuration Bill will come on to-
morrow ?

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER.—No.
FEMALES IN RELIGIOUS HOUSES BILL.

Mr. LACY having signified his intention to postpone the
second reading of this bill till Thursday,
Mr. REYNOLDS took the opportunity of stating a fact
that had come to his knowledge that day, with reference to
Miss Talbot, whose case had been brought before the house
the other day by a petition from an hon. member of that
house, presented by the hon. member for Oxford University
—that fact was, that .Mi‘s Talbot was not a postulant in the
nunnery, as stated in the petition.
The other orders of the day were then disposed of, and
the house adjourned at halfspast 12 o'clock.

A petition against the return of Mr. Thoby Prinsep, for
has been prepared, and will, it is understood, be
prosecuted with every chance of sum r.

PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES.—The committee
on the South Devon Railway, Bristol and Exeter Railway,
and Groat Western Railway (arrangements) Bulb, are
appointed to meet on Tuesday, 25th March ; the committee
on the (heat Northern and Sheffield and Rotherham Bills

on the same day. The committee on the Commercial Docks
Improvement, Angerstein's Branch Railway, Mayfield
Railway, and North and South Western Junction Railway,
on Thursday, 27th March ; on which day also the commit-
tee on the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway, Stock-
ton and Darlington, and Malton and Driffield Railway
Bilb, will meet.

STANDING OIRIARII COMMlTTEE.—litesolutions reported I
on Friday:-1. That, in the vie of the Great Northern I
Railway Amendment (No. 1) DIU, petition for dispensing
with standing Orders Nos. 145 and 160, the said standing
orders ought not to be dispensed with. 2. That, in the
ease of the Dundee and Arbroath Railway Bill, petition for
dispensing with standing orders Nos. 10.5 and DK the said
standing orders ought to be dispensed with ; that the par-
ties be permitted to be heard on their petition before the
committee on the bill, notwithstanding the same shall have
been deposited later than seven clear days after the second
reading of the bill. 3. That, in the case of the Manchester
Improvement Bill, petition for dispensing with standing
orders Nos. 10:3 and 166, the mid standing orders ought not
to be dispensed with.—Second resolution agreed to.

ART UNION of LONDON, Incorporated by
Royal Charter.—The Subscriution Llat ehsw 31st Ihntani.—
Ewch PRIZEHOLDER will be entitled to suter for HIMSELF* a
WORK of ART, an berry fore. Every noharriber will have for each
guinea the ebnice of one of two line enonivinwv. " Tne Burial of Ha-
rold," by Y. bacon. after F. B. Pickernsill, A RA, or "Tbe Villa cf
LIICIIIIWS" by J. T. Willmore, A.E.R.A.. after W. L. Leitch; aid a
volume of word engravings by eminent erebet•, Illustrating Gold.
vinith's poem of "'Toe Traveller." The " Villa of Lucullua" is now
ready. GEORGE GODWIN. f honorary
SO, West Strand. LEWIS POCOCK, ) Secretaries.

v rprelsfs.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Adam haemeete iatended;;;ll;l,apress, ^iio4oo Everitt"( paper,
moat be at the thee, 10, 8041.11i.411111t, by Two ceeloek ow tbe

11100 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE
TM/ DAT.-110Mi111. L. 31. Afttriam, 91. Mai.
T9.1401L10W-610Mag. U. 15ot Aftersouo, 3h. 370.

LONDOY, TUESDAY, MARCH 18.

such atbelief, at least on persons upon whom it was
not before impressed, was to afford them a civil trial,
and give its due importance and terrors to the regular
law. Instead of this, the Kundians were shot down
by hurried courts-martial. And this summary juris-
diction was made use of as affording facilities for
plunder.
After such acts being proved, it was really a
piece of unwarrantable rashness on the part of
Earl GREY to award the officials a vote of thanks
from the Colonial-Office. Dismissing them on the
ground of personal squabbles, and a want of respect
for themselves and others, he still lands the ad-
ministration of Ceylon ; and then issues a kind of
challenge to Mr. BAtt.t.tt;, which in any other cir-
cumstance than that of the present cabinet he was
bound to take up.
Lord GREY in these his sentences, attributes too
much blame to thetrivial defects of society, to want of
courtesy and conciliation, whilst he bestows unlimited
la►rdon and indulgence on acts of tyranny, spoliation,
and murder. There is something completely wrong in
the moral sense, which commits such blunders. And
were Ceylon a solitary instance, one might be snore in-
clined to account for it and excuse it as a casual error. '
But in the ease of Sir HENRY WARD and of Go-
vernor OTERRAL there is precisely the same indul-
gence towards tyranny—the same indifference to-
wards the treatment and the sufferings of the op-
pressed—the same determination to uphold criminal'
and foolish functionaries per fits of nqits against the
plainest evidence, and against the verdict of the coun-
try and of parliament.
N'e'e regret to have to say thusmuch. For Earl GREY
is not a man that the liberal cause can spare. And
liberal he is in mane great and vital points, although
so unaccountably illiberal in many of his crotchets. We
should be sorry for his own benefit and his own
future career to see him issue scatheless from this
Ceylon inquiry. But we should
.equally regret any
positive vote of censure upon a minister who suffers
for the crimes of others, more front his chivalry and
self-will in determining to screen them, than hum his
having been personally or administerially an ac-
complice.
Mr. BUMF, at all events, need not have thrust
his motion athwart the business of the House of
Commons. Lord TonatsGros and Earl GREY sit in

rent. Rut, in the great revolution now going on in
agriculture, a bad or an indifferent tenant is not
worth retaining at even an increase of his rent. The
smaller squirearchy. with lands charged and sur-
charged with encumbratiees, have much to answer
for; but not more than their inferior tenant:T. And
it is for and by these two classes that the return to
protection is sought—that it may enable the one to
provide for their marriage settlements ; that it
may enable the other to live on farms on which
they arrest the progress and the amount of pro-
duction.

the Lords; and Lord STANLEY has ample opportuni-
ties for bringing the governor and the colonial secre-
tary to the bar at once of the house and of public
opinion without jeopardising the fate of the ministry
and retarding the important business of the country.

Whenever, then, we ACC a great proprietor like the
Duke of Itemoto, re-valuing and re•adjusting him
estates to the emergencies of the times and the wants
of the age—that man is fairly, and honestly, and
earnestly attempting " to do his duty in the state of
life into which it has pleased (ion to call him i" and
about him and his there is hope, and life, mid prospe-
rity. Though, of course, his sincerity and activity
will he called " too had' by those who seek to live
on the industry and labour of their fellow creatures.

FRANCE.

PARIS, MONDAY EVI'NINt!

To-day the Assembly entered upon tho discussion
of the sugar hill presented by the government. This
project contains three important provision=. It re-
duces the duty on all sugars, from whatever country
imported, from 4,5 fr. to 24r., by means of a pro-
gressive diminution of arr. yearly during a
period of four years. It takes Mr. off the additional
tax of 20fr. imposed on foreign sugar. Lastly, it
proposes to take for the base of the duty the quan-
tity of saccharine matter in the sugar, according
to its conversion into refined sugar. This bill
has received considerable changes at the hands
of the committee, which admits the amount
and mode of reduction in the duty proposed
by the government, but does not apply it uniformly
to all sugars. A preferenty is shown to colonial
sugars, which are to be relieved of the 20fr. in only
three years, instead of four. The additional duty on
foreign sugar is reduced, on the other hand. iOfr.
Lastly, the committee takes as the base of its tariff
the quantity of pure sugar contained in the article,
without taking into account its refinement.
M. Schneider, Minister of Commerce,: rearC a
lengthy document, in which he mentioned as
the basis of the project which the government
was prepared to accept Ist. No reduction of duty.
2. Reduction of the duty on foreign sugars to
12fr. file. the find year, and loft. the second.
:1. The maintenance of equality of duties between
French sugars. 4. The base of imposition to be the
degree of saccharine richness. M. lleugnot. the re-
porter, defended the project of the committee. M.
Lestibondois opposed it.
The sitting continues. 'The Assembly will vete
probably this evening for passing to the second
deliberation.

THE estates of the Duke of RUTLAND have, it is
stated, just undergone a revaluation, and the result
as currently reported, is an increased rental. "Is it
not," inquires the journal which makes this announce-
ment, " really too bad, atter the sympathising
addresses of the Marquis of GRANBY at Waltham,
which the tenantry so warmly applauded, and on
whose disinwrestedness they so implicitly relied?"
It is, of course, not only •• too bud," but very bad,
for any man, be he the Marquis of GRANBY or a
stray porter at a railway station on the dis-
charge of a full train, to make statements that
art• unfounded, or to raise expectations that are nut
likely to be fulfilled. But there is nothing " too
bad" in the Doke of Iturt.vxn raising9Q, his rents, if
they were previously too low. Lord GRANBY'S ora-
torical fears and parliamentary apprehensions int-1
posed no obligation on his father to take less for his
land than it is worth. And in revaluing at the present
low prices of agricultural produce his estates, the
Dike of RUTLAND has acted not only justly, hut very
considerately towards his tenantry. For, in the pro-
tectionist opinions of the house of MANNERS,
such a revaluation would of course be likely to
lower and not to raise rents. And as, in the Duke
of RUTLAND'S alse, the valuation shows his farms to
be under, not over-rented, he has as good a right to
have their fair value, as the railway porter has to the
fair value of his labour at the station. There is
nothing. then, " hod," but everything that is good
and proper in such a transaction ; it pourtrays the
Duke of RUTLAND as a very honourable, sensible,
and judicious landowner—such, in fat, us, despite
his high tory politics, he has always had the repu-
tation in Leicestershire of being. And wrong, too,
as his sons are in politics, there is a smack of old
English heartiness about them.
The truth is, that the great territorial leviathans
of this country—the proprietors of whole districts,
inherited from long lines of ancestors—the men of
traditions and family, are, as a body, not only
what arc called good landowners ; but frequently
bad landlords, because of what are deemed their
good characteristics. The late Duke of Nournum-
' BERLAND, for example, with the kindest and best
intentions in the world, was a very indifferent land-
lord ; because, on he went in the same imperfect
system of management that he had inherited ; and the
consequence was, his funs were indifkrently culti-
vated by an inferior tenantry. So, also, the present
Duke of CLEVELAND; farms on his northern
estates have descended in tenants' families for half a
century and more at the same rent; yet there arc no
louder grumblers at the times than those very
farmers. _ .

The news from Germany represents the negotia-
tions for the fitrmation of a central executive to have
assumed an entirely new phase. It seems that shim
the return of M. Manteutfrl from the eonference of
Dresden the influence of that ra • 'stet has greatly
declined, while the policy of M. Itadowitz is once
more in the ascendant.
M. Manteutfel. on his return from Dresden to
Berlin, submitted the last draft of arrungenti at
settled with Prince Schwarzenberg to his sovereign,
in the full conviction that he had succeeded eent-
pletelv in his mission. The King received him wilt
' marked abruptness, told him that he was mistaken,
that he had misconceived the interests of Prussia,
and his draft was rtjected. This was a check
for M. Manteuffel, and a success for M. Itadowits.
In the meantime the last proposals of Austria arrived
at Berlin, in which Prince Schwartenburg consented
to allow two more votes to the eentrul power, which
votes were to be distributed collectively among tho
small states. These proposals were not tulmited by the
Prussian government, which deemed the concession of
Austria insufficient. In its answer to the Austrian go-

vennuent, the cabinet of Berlin dwelt on two point;—
one mice • g the constitution of the central ismer,
and the other on the partition of this power. On the
Hest point, Prussia clenumded that the number of
canal" votes, which Austria offers to incivase foal
n to 13, should be raised to 17, and that the 6 addi-
tional votes should be divided between the small
states. On the second point Prussia demands the
right of treating, upon a footing of complete equality
with Austria, all questions affecting the international
relations of the Confederation, of taking an equal.
share with Austria in the discussion of all
questions raised by. the exercise of interna-
tional rights, of signing in common with Austria
all instruments relative thereto—in a word, a real
equality in the exercise of the presidency. In pre-
sence of this fresh outbreak of rivalry between the
two great German powers, the conference of pleni-
potentiaries is not ready to resume its delibera-
tions at Dresden, which were to have recommenced
on the lath March, hut are now indefinitely ad-
journed. In the meantime, the scrotal commission
of the conference has taken an important step. which
has rather startled the Getman world. Having been
charged with the examination of the plan of the
King of Wu Lemberg for establishing a representa-
tive chamber of the German peopre }aside the su-
preme federal power, it has hunted mot bniught
up a report favourable to that proje,t,
and submitted to the conference a resoln-

---..,.
A good landlord is he, who, putting his land into
sound working condition, requims its full value at the
hund.s of a skilful tenant having sufficient pecuniary
means to cultivate his farm; who abstains from mak-
ing it a rabbit-warren at his tenant's expense; who
seeks so much intelligence in his tenantry, as to
be under no necessity of dictating in detail the system
of husbandry to be pursued; and who will either
himself lay out money in permanent improvements,
or give his tenants security for the money they may
invest in giving an increased value to his property.
Such a landlord only is a good landlord; and on
his property will generally be found a corresponding
tenantry—men dealing with the soil scientifically,
not empirically, bringing to itsculture sufficient cam-
tal, and care, and attention, and thought, and above all,
economy. For it is in the last-named quality—greater
economy in management—that the safety of tenant
farmers against free importations mainly lies. 1111 C
most wasteful things in the world arc ignorance, care-
lessness, and inadequate means. And these it is
that are the chronic complaints of the English
fanners. Go where you will over their farms, there
you see evidence of waste—there in the shape of
neglected manure, there in broken gates, in hedges
and ditches occupying too much space, in carts lying
in the open fields, ui amble land imperfectly ploughed
—in-doors in the absence of proper accounts. Now
whilst such men may have many grounds of com-
plaint against their landlords, their landlords have
lust as many against them; and the country can no
onger afford to pay either for had landlords or bad
tenants. Such tenants would find the soil a deur
and bad bargain at any price, and, in a national
point of view, they are quite unworthy of any
attention.
Under monopoly laws, this order of farmers went
on grubbing the earth they encumbered without
much profit to themselves, but secure of a livelihood,
inasmuch as they were themselves the manufactures'
of provisions ; and bringing up their families as if
their system of farming was the acme of human skill.
This race, however, is doomed; it must either rise to
the intelligence that the tunes require, or disappear
into the order of labourers which the want of intelli-
gence suits. And it is disappearing, for
Sir CHARLES WOOD was correct in saying, .
that throughout the country, particularly
in Scotland, the successful shopkeeper and small ma-
nufacturer
are taking to funning: generally, too, at
higher rents than their predecessors on the lands'
they take. Now these men bring to the cultivation of
the soil the habits of business, order, progress, and
economy, to which they owed their success in trade;
and before these habits the difficulties and the mys- !
teries of agriculture will disappear.
compensated bymntethtßseuotrt:;:egeahniifritotg::::7o
It is by the capacities of such men, by the applies- !
tion of commercial principles and usages and perse-
verance '
to the manufacture of food out of the soil, I
that the success of free trade, so far as it affects do-
mestic production, is to be tested. Where, '
as in the instance we gave the other day, '
of the Kelso farmers, improvement had previously I
, done all that was immediately possible, and they
i had nothing to fall back upon when subjected
' to foreign competition, there, of coqrse. they have
an irresistible claim for such a reduction a rents
valuemnalchtd
ienosmsf
cotashtntheadct•
as the fall in the price of grain which has not been
j reduction t at ry r 1
i..t
sDproduce.of
fgs r
e
refLlagirukbgici:yeaL °oat;
revaluation, and by a due consideration of the
greater cconcgay of good over bad funning.
A good tenant is so precious a person. that it is
always v:01 to keep him by a small reduction of

tion on the subject. This report is the wink
of M. Roust, minister of the King of
Saxony. The King of Prussia is said to have been.
'so deeply struck by the King of Wurtemberis letter,
as to muter highly probable his separation from
Austria and union with the four kings on this gin ',-
don. Meanwhile Austria, of course, rejects with
disdain the resolution of the comtuission.
The Rouen papers announce the death of the
mother of M. de Germinv, Minister of Finance.
The statistics of the National Guard of Paris show
that this militia has been reduced from 2.51,0414) to
5tk009, without reckoning the suppression of the
legion of artillery.
Sir Charles Napier is announeed as having arrield
at Marseilles by the last picket front Malta, the
Lycurguc. The night before the Lyeurgue left Con-
stantinople the 'mhos: of the Seruskier, Melwmet Ali,
was completely destroyed by tire.
M. Dona.° Cortes, Marquis of Valdegnmas, ap-
pointed Spanish minister at Paris, arrived at Bor-
deaux with his suite on Thursday, and is probably
at this hour in Paris.
A fall of 29 centimes in alto Fives, which closed
at 01.5, was attributed to the news from Germany.
It was even reported that Radowitz had limn made
minister again.

6: