The Express.
London, England, 1849-02-23 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EYENING, FEBRUARY 23, 1849.

feettertng districts. 'The advocates of the Tea HMS
Bill are net content that any person ender 18
years of age, or that any womeadwhateoeverage shall
work more than tea hears in any day, bot they
insist that no machinery asp/eyed in nulls to which
the Factory Ad applies, shall work more than ten
hours, if women' Lid young persons are employed to
tend it. They know that neither cotton, nor woollen,
nor silk, nor flax mills can work without the aid of
women and young persons tender 18 years of age, and
they still moist, that beyond the period of ten
hours in any one day none of these classes of work-
people shall be permitted to work in connexion with
machinery employed in such mills. When the
subject was before parliament in 1844, and again in
1847, it was argued by the advocates of "short time"
as a gentian of benevolence. They did not wish, they
professed, to diminish the productiveness of the
mechanical investments of the north, or to cripple our
home or export trade ; their on:y object wu to limit the
working timed the classes included in the bill to ten
hours per day, so that health and education, and
morals, and social comfort, might not be sacrificed to
great profits for the capitalist, and high wages
for the workman. Bat if this was not mere pretence
why the agitation now against the system of
" relays" ? It is not proposed that women or young
persons should work more than ten hours per day.
It is not proposed to deprive them of the leisure,
which the Factory Act professed to secure them. The
whole matter, which has recalled Lord ARBLZY from
his sanitary labourr, and Mr. °AVILES front his judi-
cious °beauty, is the extension of the practice of em-
ployingalarger number of hands to do:the same amount
of work, by kcepir g machinery employed eleven or
twelve hours, as the case may be, without the neces-
sity of any of the protected classes of wet kpeople
being engaged more than ten hours per day. For the
information of our non-manufacturing readers, we
will state a case. A certain mill employs 100 heeds,
or workpeople; of these all the women and young
persons of both sexes, under 18 years of age, are
prohibited by law from working more than ten
hours in any one day. We will suppose this pro-
tected class to number 60 individuals out of the whole
number employed in the mill. The object sought is
to run the machinery twelve hours per day instead of
ten, and to do this an addition of one-filth must be
made to the hands limited by law to ten hour.
Twelve more hands will be required, making 72 of
the protected class, or 112 in all. With this addition
the costly machinery and premises de manufacturing
establishment can be made more productive by
one-fifth, or 20 per cent., out of which of course
will be afforded an increase both of profits and wages.
Now, where is the objection to this? The avowed
objects of the advocates of " short time " are attained,
and the capitalist is saved no small portion of the
loss with which he was menaced. We confess we

are no little surprised that any man of the slightest
pretence to common sense should object to this mode
of meeting the difficulty of reconciling the interests of
the employed and the employer.
Bat Lord ASHLEY M not satisfied. Mr. OASTLER
is not satisfied. Mr. liisnLEY is alike discontented.
This last named gentleman is est ecially violent in his
attempts to stir up ill feeling in the cotton districts.
If we mistake not, he worked his mill 14 hours per
day till the law interfered, and ever since the passing
of the Ten Hoare Bill some portions of his establish-
ment have been at work for 12 hours per day. Mr.
HINDLE! became virtuous when the law compelled
it, and now insists that everybody else shall be
virtuous. He reminds us of a tippler, who, when his
poverty or his ruined constitution compels
him to be sober, insists upon all the world joining the
temperance society. It appears there is some doubt
as to the interpretation of the law. The opponents of
the "relay system" rely upon the 26th section of the
7& 8 Vic., chap. 29. That section runs thus:
And be it enacted, that the hours of the work of children
and young persons, in every factory, shall be reckoned from
the time when any child or your g person shall first begin to
work in the moming in rue% factory, and shall be regulated
by a public clock, or by some other clock open to the public
view, to be approved in either case in writing under the
hand of the inspector or sub•inspector of the district.
They argue from this that if a mill began to work
at six in the morning, and a particular "hand" do
not commence work till eight or ten o'clock, the time
of this " hand" shall be computed from the hour
when the mill commenced: that is, if A begin to
work at six, and B at eight, B shall be deemed to
have been employed from the time when A began to
work, and cannot legally work more than
ten hours, reckoning from six o'clock. The
clause we have quoted is somewhat ambiguous, and
lawyers will doubtless read it differently. The ma-
gistrates before whom the question has been brought
have, however, in nearly every case, decided it in
favour of the liberty of working by " relays," and it
is to remedy this that Lord ASHLEY has given notice
of a declaratory bill, by which he intends to prohibit
the working by " relays."
A deputation from the muter spinners and manu-
facturers of Lancashire had an interview with Lord
JOHN Russeu. and Sir GEORGE GREY on Thursday,
but we believe they did not receive any positive answer.
We a-e, however, in a position to announce that it is
not the intention of government to interfere with the
" relay system," and that a bill is already drawn
which will remove all doubt as to its legality. The
bill will recite the several acts to which it refers, and
will authorise the working by sets of hands under
certain provisions, to guard against any infringe-
ment of the spirit of the present factory acts.
It will order a register to be carefully kept of all
"hand," employed in sets, and that lists of them be
fixed up in some conspicuous place in the mill. It
will also order that due notice is to be given to the
factory inspectors of an intention to work by "relays.'
Care will be taken that no female or young person
shall be employed in more than one factory on the
same day, and a declaration that the regulations are
complied with will have to be signed by the
occupier of the factory or his responsible agent.
There are other provisions included in the bill, among
which is a scheidale of the registered hands employed
in " relays," and the utmost precaution is takes to
ensure that no violation of the spirit of the act of
1847 shall take place. We cannot for a moment
hesitate to approve of the course taken by the go-
vernment in this matter, nor have we any
doubt that the bill will receive the assent of
a very large majority of the House of Commons. It
may be a question whether an arrangement for eleven
hours might not have been more convenient and ad-
vantageous for all parties interested, but in the posi-
tion in which they are placed, we think the govern-
ment have made a wise decision.

Cbt Court.

THE LEVEE.

The Quin brad tame (dm and thin Pennon) yew
tardily afternoon in St. James's Palace. Her Majesty and
Prince Albertanived from Beekinglsom Palmas shoed, bt
fore 2 oUock, attended by the Ditcher of Norfolk, the
Countets of Charlemunt, Lord C.amweys, Lord George
Lennox, Mr. R. Ormsby Gore, Colonel WyLle, Colonel the
Hon. C. B. Phipps, and Colonel &mom
Before the levee, the Queen gave audiences to Sir John
Hobhouse, Lord John Russell, and Viscount Palmerston.
Ls Comte Collared° had an madhouse of the Closes, and bad
the honour of prasenting his credentials as Envoy Retreat.-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from hie Majesty the
Emperor of Austria.
Toe Duke of Cambridge was present at the levee, attended
by Major Stephens, Equerry in Waiting. The Prince of
Orange alto attended toe levee; Rear-Admiral Arrive,Aide-de-Camp to his Majesty the King of the Netherlands,
and Capt. de Goedecke, ale-de•ounp to the Prince of
Orange, were is waiting on his royal highness.
The Queen and Prince Albert entered the Throne Room
accompanied Ly their royal visitors and attended by the
ladies and gentlemen in waiting. The levee then com-
menced by the introduction of the foreign diplomstic circle,
when the following presentations to her Majesty toik place :
—By the Turkish Ambassador, Taves. Effendi, hie Excel.
loamy'. Privet* Secretary; by the Belgian Minister, Mona.
Nnewers de Ls Tour ; by the Fortuities Minister, Le Che-
valier de Hurts; by the Swedish Minister, Mons. Sibbero,
SI critaire de Ligation de S. Id. Lill Rai de Snide et de Nor-
sage ; by the Sardinian Minister, Count Corti, Attachi of
the Legation.
'the following noblemen and gentleman had the honour of
being presented to her Majesty :
Sir James M'Adans, on being appointed Deputy Lieute-
nant fur Middlesex, by Earl Grey.
Sir Roderick J. Murchison, on his return from abroad, by
the Marquis of Breadalbane.
my. Frantic Vanderlure Mills, on his appointment to her
I Majesty's Hon. Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, by Lord
Foley.
Mr. Horatio Waddington, on his appointment ea Under
secretary of State for the Home Department, by Sir George
Grey.
Mr. Henry Stanhope Illingworth, on appo:ntment se Apo•
thecae, to the Queen Dormer and °slur members of the
royal famdy, by Earl Howe.
'Mr. Philip Solomon,, on his appointment as one of her
Majesty's Hon. Corps cf Gentlemen at Arms, by Lord Foley.
Lord Say and Sale, on his accession to the peerage, by his
grace the Doke of Norfolk.
Viscount Chowten, on appointment to the Scots Fusilier
Guards, by Colonel Berkeley Drummond.
Right. Hon. Thomas Wyse, on his atpantment to be
Minister P.enipotentiary at ths Court of Greece, by Visct.
Palmerston.

Earl of Clare on his appointment of Lieutenant of the
coenty and city of Limerick. be Lord John Russell.
The Lord Mayor, by Lord John Russell.
Earl Talbot, c n succeeding to the Ws, by the Marquis of
Anglesey.
Mr. Baines, M.P., President of the Poor Law Board, by
Lord John Russell.

Mr. Norman Matdonald, on his appointment as Governor
of Sierra Leone, by Earl Grey.
Alderman Lawrence, by the Lord Mayor.
Mr. George John Ceyley, by his father, Mr. Cayley, M.P.
Mr. John Wood, High Sheriff. Hants, by Lord Ashley.
Mr. Porter, llag.teerate, Head Police-Aloe, Dublin, by the
Eight Hon. Sir William Somerville.
Mr. Augustus Kepprl Stephenson, by his father Mr.
Stephenson.
Mr. Hamilton Aide, onrpromotion, by,LGeneral Lord
Aylmer.
Me. R. Madoz, Bromley, on his appointment as Secretary
to the Audit Beard, by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Mr. George Anderszn, on his appointment to the govern-
meat of the Mauritius, by Earl Grey. 11r7.4.64,...
' Mr. Knowlys, on his appointment as Deputy-Lieutenant
for the county of Lancaster, by Mr. J. Wilson Patten, M.P.
' Mr. Vaughan, on his appointment t. the Regius Profes-
sorship of Modern History in the University of Oxford, by
Lord Jobs Russell.
Mr. Gustavus Cornwall, by the Marquis of Clantiearde.
Mr. Mental', Vader Secretary of State lour the Colonic',
by Eul Grey.
Mr. Edward Dandy, on being apoointed Rouge Dragon
Pursuivant, by hie Grace the Earl Marsha
Mr. Belford Hinton Wilson, her Majesty's Charge
d'Affaires to the lit-public of Venezuela, on has return to
Enelanil, by Viscount Palmentm.
Rev. J. Prothero, on being appointed Chaplaintrltnr.
Prince Albrrt.

Sr John Lundy, Bart., Captain, R.N., on succeeding to
his title, by Lord William Fitzroy K.U.B.
Sir Percy Nugent, Bart., M.P., b.L., by Vint. Ebriogton.
Sir Henry Litton Bulwer, on his marriage, by tke Mar-
quis of Salisbury.
Sr Joshua Rowe, C 8., Chief Justice of Jamaica, on re-
ceiving the order of Civil Companion of the Bath, by Earl
Grey.
The Rev. Dr. Vaughan, of Harrow, by Viset. Ebrington.
Dr. Mscloughlio, by the Earl of Essex.
Dr. Nuttall, by Sir James Me °rigor, Bart.:l
The Rev. S. O'Sufivan, D.D., by the Earl of St. Germans.
Rev. Charles William Lodi., by the Hon. Keith Stewart.
Mr. Thomas Phinn, on his appointment as Recorder of
Portsmouth, by Sir George Grey.
Mr. Serjoant Wallinger, on voceiving the
.liegrilik of the
Coif, by the Lord Chancellor.
The Rev. Alan Gardner Cornwall, on his appointment as a
chaplain in ordinary to her Majesty, by the Lord Chain-
hernia.
Mr. Robert Wm. Kennard, on his appointment as a coca-
miscinner of lieutenancy of the City of Landon, by the Right
Hon. the Lord Mayor,
Cornet Edward Melville Lawford, 4th Madras Cavalry,
by the Right Hon. Sir Francis Baring, First Lord of the
Admiralty.
Lieut-General Sir Janes Maodonell, on appointment to
the 71st Regt, by Field Marshal his Grace the Duke of
Wellington.
Major-General Sutherland, on appointment to the com-
mend of the troops at the Mauritius, by Field Marahal h.s
Graze the Duke of Wellington, commander-in-chief.
Lieut.-Colonel Goul•iurn, on his promotion, by the Right
Hon. Henry Ooulburn.
Lieut.-Colonel Hon. 0. Cecil Forester, on his promotion,
- -
by F. M. the Marquis of Anglesey.
Lieut.-Colonel Trevelyan, on appointment to t 6.7•317-
stream Guards, by the Duke of Cambridge.
Major-General Wood, C. 8., on his appointment to the
eoloneley of the 3rd West India Regt., by the Duke of
Wellington.
Colonel Taylor, on promotion and appointment to the corn-
mend at the fele of Wight, by the Duke of Wellington.
Colonels O. P. Wymer, C. 8., A.D.C., and Giravenor
Kirby, by Sir J. Cam Hobbouse.

Captain Bingham, on appointment Royal Amillay, and
M 'aui J. Ashley Maude, on p:dement Royal Hone
.rtillery by Lieut.-Genen !p
d 84 Thomas Downam.
• • - •

Maio-General Sir Frederick Stavin, on appointment to
the 83rd mgt. ; Colonel Grant, on promotion • Colonel H.
W. Gordon, on promotion ; Captain Anderson, on promo.
tion; Captain Trelawny, on promotion ; and Lieut. Boothby,
en appointment to the Royal HMO Artillery, by the Mar-
quis of Anglesey.
L'entenant Sydney Carden, on return from foreign ser-
vice; Lieutenants Dashwood and Arthur H. Vernon, by
the Marquee of Alesej.
Admiral Sir BIM.n Cori, ea appointment as commander-
in-chief at Portsmouth; Vioe•Adatiral Sykes, on his pro-
motion to Vies-Admiral; Rear-Admiral Sir George Sep
moor, on his return from foreign sank*; Captain Henry
Chads. R.N., on promotion and return from foreign ser-
vice; Camila Maxwell, R.N., on his return from New
Zealand ; Commander Powell, on return from the command
of the lakes of Canada ; Commander Henry D. Rogers, on
return from foreign service; Commander G. Levi., on pro-
motion sad return from foressu service ; and Lieutenant
J. A. Hodgskin, R.N., by the First Lord of the Admiralty.
Commander R. T. Bedford, R.N., of the Queen Dow-
ager's household, on kisy_romotion, by the H. W. Ashley.
Captain M'Quhst, B N., on return from foreign service,
by Rear Admiral Dundee.
Captain Edward Stanley, R.N., on return from foreign
service, by Admiral Dundee.
Captain Michael Seymour, R.N., on his return from foreign
service, by Earl Spenser.
Captsin Chambers, MN., on promotion, by Bear-Admiral
Nadas, C.B.
Captain Peel, R.N., on promotion, by Sir Robert Pml.
Cornet Jolliffef by Lieut.-colonel Lord George Paget.
Lieutenant Williamson, Madre. army, on his return from
India, by Colonel Wylde.
Lieutonant Thomas Roles, by his father, Mr. Bribes.
Lieutenant Windsor H. Humphreys, on his appointment
to the Royal Canadian Rifles, by His Royal Highness the
Duke of Cam e.
Cornet George Feamley Whittle:4sta% on appointment to
12th Royal Lancers, by Lord Roke
Major Percival, by Lieut-Gent ILord Fitsroy Somerset.
Capt. Andrew Green, on promotion, by his father, Captain
Sir Andrew Green, R.N.
Capt. Ross, on promotion and feints from Ceylon, by Sit
John Burgoyne.
Norfo
Capt. Compton, on his marriage, by his Grace the Duke of
lk._ _

Capt. Murray Cowell, on promotion, by Colonel Bentisek.
Capt. Edwards, M.P., by Sir Charles Wood Bart.
Capt. J. D. M'Andrinv, on return from foreign service, by
Lieut.-General P. Andrew, C.B.
Brevet-Major H. B. Harvey, on promotion and appoint-
ment to the Staff, by Major-General Lord Frederica Fits-
clarence, G.C.H.
Lieu..-Colonel Campbell on return from foreign service,
by Majoi-Genarel the Bight Hon. Lord Frederick Fit:-
dames. G.C.H.
Lieut.-Colonel W. H. Sykes, of hie return from Italy, by
the Marquis of Lansdowne, K G.
Myer Bards Gordon, on promotion, by the Earl of
Abe:m.
Colonel James Jones, on receiving the Peninsular Medal,
by his Gram the Duke of Norfolk.;
Lieut. John S. Cannon, on return from foreign service, by
Lieut.-General Sir Lewis Grant, K.C.H.
Capt.
Colonel EentiGeornek.ge Thomas Danoombe, on appointment, by

apipointswint, by Col. HO/Ma.
Lteat-Col. T. Chau Farr, by the Bight Hos. T. Pember-
ton Uh.
Copt.gChutes Wadi, by Gem. Sir Janes Law Lashing-
's% G.C.B.
Ur& Mound Farm, by Uotid.-Goa. Sir Jame Law
Imadostia.
Ikat mai Adjutant Porogrlso Hwy FollowtS on n-
ame
arzigaionia• of oppoistmod to star, by his
JAW. ft Timm Yawls, at., &o.
Ufa IF. 0. &irk ItyPti. am.

Lieut. Wilbraham Limo:, on appointment to Royal En.
pirem by Lord =Lennox.
Ensign aftl7 Fraser, on appointment, by Limit--
Gm Sir Alexander Woodford. _ _ _

Basins Alfred John Ford, on appointment, by Lient.-Gen.
Sir Lewis Grant.

iieai.AO;;;Zuv T. 8. Cattle; on his appointment, by
Col. Owen, C.B. H.H.
Lieut. H. Walla*, by the Duke of Beaufort.
Ensign Edward Nageat Norton, by Sir J. Last biota'.
Cornet K B. Carew, on his appiintment to 10th Humus,
by the Hon. Gen. Luton.
Captain Witliam Pearce Stanley, R.N., oa retain from
'reign service, by Lora John Ray.
Commander H-rinet 0. Austen, Royal Navy, on his re.
turn from foreign senior, by his father, Admiral Sir Francis
Amgen K C.B. . .

Comiaandar Frederick Campbell, on return from foreign
service, by the Marquis of Breadalbans.
Commander Eau; RN., on promotion, by his father,
Major-General Ewart, C.B.
Commander William Moorman), R.N., by Lord Colchester.
Lieu•enant Charles T. W. G. Csrjat, R N., by General
Sir. J. Macdonald.

Lieutenant W. T. Rivers, RN. late commander of her
Majesty's brig Nautilus, by Admiral Sir C. Adam.
Lieutenant Arthur Hood, R.N., on lie return from foreign
service, by his father, Sir Alexander Hlod, But., M.P.
Lieutecant Fredrick Partridge, MN., on return from
foreign service, by the Earl of Clare.
Aster the lives the Queen gave andier.ce to the Earl
Talbot, when his lordship delivered to her Majesty the
nband and badge of the most noble order of the garter worn
by his father, the late Earl Talbot.
Her Majesty acd Prince Albert, attended by the ladies
and gentlemen in waitioe, returned to Buckingham Palace.

The Bishop of London, the Rev. Thomas Ainger,
and other gentlemen, from the Servants' Provident and
Benevolent Society, had the honour of an interview yester-
day with Prince Albert. _

Prince Albert inspected a model of portion of the
counties of Lat.ceahire York, Derby, &c. end part of the
town and harkutr of Dundee, by F. A. Carrington, of which
his royal highness was pleased to express his approbation.
A cabinet council was held at half-past three o'clock
yesterday afternoon at the Foreign-office.

CHOLERA.—Yesterday the following fresh cams
were reported to the Board of Health;—Bethnal-green
Lunatic Asylum 6, 5 fatal ; Limehouse, 1; Refuge, Hack-
ney-road, 3 fatal; Peckham. 1 fatal; Woodford, Rims, 1
fatal ; Resham, 6, 3 fatal; (Rogow, 19, 7 fatal; Gressock,
4, 2 fetal ; Rente2n, Dumbarton, 6, 3 fatal ; Cardros, 12,
4 fatal; Kilmarnock, since Ist inst., 81, 2,, fatal ; Oldmonk-
land, 15, 1 fatal; Newton, Dalkeith, 1 fail; Stow, 1; Stir-
ling, 7, b fatal ; Hamilton, 6 fatal ; Biccarton, 9; dalashieh,
I.—Total, 174 new cases ; 67 deaths.
INQUESTS, YEATERDAT.—SVICIDE.—Bt fora Mr.
Baker, on the body of Mr. B. B. Nash, of No. 94, Brick-
lane, Sphtlfields, who committed suicide under the follow.
ing circumstances The deceased had been, for the last
12 years, suffering from asthma, and occasionally his pain
was so intense that he lost all control over himself. During
the last few weeks he had ben very low and desponding,
and was at times scarcely able to breathe. On Sunday
morning, the 11th, and while kis fatal y were absent, he in.
&Ueda severe wound on his throat with the large blade of a
penknife, end immediately rang the bell. His daughter
quickly went to him, and found him bleeding must pro-
fusely. Mr. Hodgson, a surgeon, soon attended, and applied
the usual remedies. On examination the surgeon disesvered
seven wounds on the chest, over the lower ribs.
The deceased afterwards admitted that he had done
it himself, and said be was much easier in the
throat. 110 gradually lank, and expired on Tues-
day last. Verdict—" Temporary Inanity."—Dig-se
race[ DILO `4114 INCE —Before Mr. W. Carter, at the
It Al L'on Tavern, Church street, Rotherhithe, on Alex-
ander Ferguson. It appeared that the deceased was an ap-
prentice on board the Jane and ?dart/net twig, of New-
castle, and, en Monday night, whilst stepping from the side
f the vessel into a small boat, he missed his looting and
fell overboard into the water. An alarm was raised, but
b.fno assistance could be rendered he had disappeared.
The drags were brought into requisition, but the body was
not recovered for upwards of an nour, when all efforts to
testore animation were useless. The whimsies concurred
in opinion that the deceased's death was purely accidental.
Verdict--" Accidental Death."

CHARGE AGAINST A SOLICITOR AT EPSOM.
Yesterday, at Epsom, the magistrates re-assembled
to continue their investigation of the charge of violation pre-
ferred by Miss O'Grady against Mr. Bartlett, solicitor.
Mr. Owens addressed the bench at some length for the
defence; alter which the chairmen, in pronouncing the deci-
sion of tho court, said: We have come to the conclusion that
there was a criminal intimuy—of that there can be no doubt.
We need not look to the evidence to know that fact;
it is admitted on all hands. We have come to this conclu-
sion. that from the evidence there is but too much reason to
think and to fear that this unfortrmate young woman has
ban very ill used; that where every generous and manly
feeling should have been called forth to protect and defend
her, she bas been sacrificed. I do not know that she
is the first victim ; but, looking at the whole of tho
evidence, ctid at all the circumstances of the cas.^, we
have come to this conclusion—and it is not without
doubt on our own minds that we have conic to it—
that there is not enough in the evidence to raise that lair
and "probable presumption " that the legal crime of rape has
been committed by the prisoner to induce us to send the
cue for trial ; the prisoner Is therefore discharged.
Mr. Goose, the magistrate, said, We have not come to this
conclusion without a strong and painful doubt in our minds,
but it is slime satisfaction fur us to know 164 even after all,
what we have now decided is not absolutely and completely
final. It is still in the option of parties to prefer a bill of
indictment fur this very offence.
Mr. Bartlett, having been formally discharged, was here
retaken into custody by Mr. Keane on a civil process for the
debt on which he had origiaally Wen placed in Hone-
monger-lane.