The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-13 00:00:00

. AMERICA.
( FOUR DAYS LATER. )
Yesterday the Virginia, Captain Allen, arrived in
the Mersey, bringing New York papers of the 13th
and the three previous days. Our correspondent's
letter vets forth the leading topics and latest news
which they contain.
NEW YORK, Fen. 13, 1847.
The naw steamer Sarah Sands, of Liverpool (her
Ana voyage), arrived here on the afternoon of the 10th inst.,
haling ma& the run in 21 days, notwithstanding some
heavy gales and head-winds, during which she behaved ad-
minibly, ond the mew worked to the perfect satiifection of
Capta peon in Th.lMmid the engineer. She is. indeed, a
splendid vessel, magnificently fitted up, and, as you are
doubtless aware, owned by Meese. Thomas and Joseph
Southland Co. it Liverpool, and Captain Thompson, her
able and relapeCted commander. The Sarah Sands is greatly
admired hy all our ship-builders here, and the owners of the
hitherto Oluivalled packets from this port to Europe see in
her reocesuful voyage a significant hint that unless they
look sharply about them, and keep pace with the "go-a-
head " spirit of the age, the establishment of a few more
screw-steampeopellen on the Liverpool line will go far to-
wards wresting from them the best part of the passenger
traffic left •by she mail steamers. The passengers by
the Saraltfilands a meeting at the City Hotel, on Thum
de', wheriaz usly agreed to present a piece of
plots to Caoo, in testimony of their entire sa-
tisfaction Ids eeedOst during the voyage.
Mr. Calhoun's speech is the Senate, on the war with
Mexico, has created • powerfal sensation. As your columns
will, probably, be largely occupied with the deb des in parlia•
meat, when dm American papers emestaining it reach you, the
following condensation of itsleading points may be accep-
table :—" He was for abandoning the offensive, and as-
mining a detersive position. If he riglatly under cod the
objects for which this war was —and strange as it
might Poem, Me objects for which the war was commenced
were leR, even at this late day to iaferenee—they were
threefold, tint, to repel invasion; next, to establish the
Rio del Norte as the western boundary of Texas; and,
thirdly, to obtain payment of the indemnities due to our
citizens for claims which they held spinet Mexico.
The first two appeared to be the primary objects
of the war, and the last only accessory. He held that
all these objects could be aceempliahed by taking a
de fenaive position. Two of them had been already thoroughly
effected. The invasion had been repelled, and the Rio
del Nane is held, from its source to its mouth, as the Amen
sea boundary; a single Mexican soldier does not remain
wltivia our territory. In his opinion the true policy of this
country was, not to repress the power of Mexico, but, on the
cog to render her strong, and capable of sustaining all
those which might exist between her and other
Ranee*. Ile held that there was an intimate connexion
between the fate of this country and that of Mexico, and that
her independence and capability were almost se essential to
us as they were to Mexico. He held that Mexico was to us
fbrFicidenfrisit, and that if we should consume Mat fruit, it
would be almost tantamount to the polities! death of our own
institutions."
• Mr. Calhoun then suggested the formation of a chain of
military gists, commencing at the mouth of the Rio Grande,
extendin *ease op that river to El Paseo, and from that
plaeM Gulf of California, near its head; the American
Mart to hold this line on the defensive. One fort at the
mouth of the river, another at C , a third at El Paseo,
and Ave reginienbi, with a small na forte, would, he said,
be amide for the defence of that frontier. He was not in
&voltt of adding this line permanently, but subject to
negedatdad He would also hold Mexican ports now in our
possession, and levy moderate ditties not exceeding ten per
cent on imports, to meet the expenses of defending this line,
which would not exceed two millions and • quarter of dollen
per wain. He thought such a policy would induce Mexico
to poem, because she would see we had undertaken a task
wIS ch we could perform; but even were she to hold out, we
should him peace without expence, or a war without
hawk. 'For what, he asked, was an offensive war
to be carried 0, if not for conquest 1 He might be
answered in the language commonly employed " to conquer
• pea/1W en expresaiou which, if literally considered, would
rpet be to oat* war. AA yet, our army be horsily ap.
p the confines of populated Mexico, contairuag iewee
of inhabitants—a population ten times as ammoe
as theater the country we have advanced through. Mexico
proper is mountainous, full of defiles easily defended, and
awe is the strength of the nation concentrated to resist our
arms. The plan, as I understand, said Mr. Calhoun, is to
take Vera Crux, but the country around that place is a hot 1
sad sickly region, the home of the yellow fever for eight
mon., in the year. April is very sickly, March not quite
so 414 y. We are now in the middle of February.
Wt mm have fines enough to take Vera Crux, but shall we
haul Mee enough to starch to the city oFMexieo ? And if
we get there can we dictate a pesos ? And then for our
means. If we do not obtain • peace we must have a guerilla
warfare, such as exists between Russia and the Caucasus ;
like that of the French in Algeria! Have we the Leans to
meet the enormous expense ? In the first place, as to the
men, let me tell you that the spirit of volunteering is gone ;
that spiri, ceases when men return with broken constitutions;
when men, who went for glory, return with disordered
health. You will get no volunteers. Mr. Calhoun then
weal Into the money question, and asked how taxes
wens ,ele be imposed or paid in States which already
owe 'More than they can pay ? On the subject
of Slavery as connected with newly acquired terri-
tory,' Mr. Calhoun said he " was ant prepared to
speak; it being of the most momentous importance to the
country of any that had agitated it since his entrance into
public life." This must be taken as indicative of his indis-
position to tenharran the government at present, and at the
same time as a hint of the course he may adopt, if his pro-
position be rejected. Mr. Calhoun still votes for placing the
*sof fnilliocui of dollars at the disposition of the president;
but it is confidently expected that he will seize the first
far able opportunity before the close of the session, to
make a motion in accordance with the views he has just
expressed; and, referring to the compact little phalanx—
the below of power votes—he commands in the senate, he
livery likely to airry it with that body. But, southern
demperat though he be, the chances are much against the
adorition of his plea by the House of Representatives.
Apropos of the Thee Millions Bill, the veteran, John
Claim, Adam., having happily remove:red from his late severe
=tat was here a few days since on his way to Washington,
his senatorial duties; he is as caustic as ever.
Pleblic 'lts this part of the world sometimes say strange
tido...of each other, and it is reported that the ex
president amd exotrobaseador, on being asked what he
thought wee the probable destination of the cash, promptly
replied, H Oh, two millions of those dollars are for Santa
Anna, and the other million for Mr. Polk." Of course
supposes the honourable senator spoke seriously,
tit everybody knows the president is more likely to save
ey out of his salary, as such,. than to lose anything by
his extravagant expenditure during his tenors of eke.
One point in Mr. Calhoun's speech, not above noticed,
has. I find, produced a great impression amongst the exten-
sion of territory men : it was where he alluded to the almost
unsettled country, 6,000 square miles in extent, between
Mexico and her distant province of California. It would be
impossible, he said, to keep our population out of that
country ; our pioneers would rush into it, unless the people
in possession, a scanty population of TWINS races, and
every variety of colour, were capable of keeping them out.
This elear,y means, that by occupying the line he has
marked out, a vast dominion may be "annexed," after the
Temea fashion, at a trilling cost, and the suggestion will find
greet favour with adventurers of all eons, who, like the first
invaders of Texas,.piarfer living under " no goverment " to
being subject Many regular code of laws whatever.
Both branches of the legislature have adopted the report
of the committee of conference on the ten regiments' bill,
and the President having given it his assent, the act is now
in fares... . . . ...

12sis /allowing notice from the Secretary of the Treasury
waspablished here on Thursday. It will be emu that it, in
° W
fact, seen to issue treasury notes at par, it as more can be
ogler tbeee.

F.
Department, Feb. 9, 1947.—Sealed memeele will be »-
masa the Math day of April mkt, leakatee, hr a loan or
m gdlikees et Milers, soder the em at Me ISE Jemmy last,
as MVO Of tremerpastea, ha, an immeney ram to ke
mid astompahis We pews am thatble et wit motes,
sleet aka per mat per mile asent-
r teeth ell emseiret be mil Mame
et °Mem Wry Off male eem
reIMMIs e=ege dletbetly, he all arm thapramiwa
milleint. he bid elli be reinteel him par. Te =la =wig
I. Pir 'brie: ille
of er
IMbrindlat lw
will be received taw Ow lemet
newa• by the law, a 1 well sa ter Mem
emu. The ogeetmeet smarm the right of axing the periods when
the meet le ear net le he required be satlimes the
at at or masa sag Mimeo MS the messy is
Pa vow/Mak in** ban ea ha Semite* with
Ow States, the Trealarer et **DIM at MU
jrolllrewth Dint at New Odom, sr vith way ef the
at Dem" New York, alethelnia, ads St hale.—
The J. pm, Dmerf II Tremery.
Theism...lP the above was to came a heavi-
ness in chains& and for government loans the bids
were i per cent lower.
The withdrawal of the charter of the Plainfield (New
Jersey) Bank, had the consequent stoppage of the concern,
haa Need lolls excitement here. The amount of their
natcwiteindelallon is not very large, but being principally
tifillait of working people, their
the Sun parer,
exesainelk - The proprietors of the Sun newspape
Y. Beach and dont, constituted "the firm;"
have iteesehhairculer promising payment in full.
awn arta* that Vera Cruz and San Juan d'Uloa will
Ai biretta bpatemenbined naval and military fosse, wader
the orders of General Scott, with General Worth, semi it
comeand. General Patterson arrived at Temples es the
died aM., with 4,600 men. The expedition will Men* at
that place, and probably muster about 10,000 stro+TIMS
General lona will succeed in his enterprise ie pew
bat& ; but whether his troops will be able to hold t e r saw
quota awing the sickly season—which commences in Mara
—is rather donbtful.

General Taylor will remain in command of the corps at
hionterey. A report reached this city a few days since, that
is consequeeee of Santa Anna's refusal to interfere with the
church poverty in lifezioo, he bad been shot by his soh
diary. The rumour has not been confirmed, and is probably
astounded.
The marts front England of the miring of three prira-
eader Monk= colours, from London, on the 9th ult.,
lsaeer4 110 unpleasant feeling here.
11/110unta kr the relief of the famishing poor in Ire-
land Isal=seidle 11011 parts of the union. An immense
saismaissg was held in Washington city last
TeeVeysidnor, fa enter to the raising of subscriptions for
eh pupae on a national male. The remit was highly sa-
tidadary. A bill far ranting half a million of dollars
" forthe relief of Ireland" has also been brought into Con-
grisly read trios, and will doubtless pant both hovel. In