The Express.
London, England, 1848-06-14 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING. JUNE 14, 184 R.

SANITARY REFORM.
A meeting was hi Id yesterday evening at the Lite.
racy I moil alien, Leicester-square, for the purpose of agree.
log se eignine a petition to parliament on the subject of mini.
teary legislation.
Mr. M•ceitenoti,M.P , took the chair, and said it was
impossible for any one who was a friend to humanity not to
insere•sed with the importance 01 the sanitary question.
Ile had been the fleet to bring this subj• et under the notice
of parliament, and in consequence of his endeavours a
com-
mits e hail been appointea to inquire into the state of the
InArapolis, as tar as it, health was concerned. The facts
slated in eeidence before that committee sufficiently proved
‘e met ashy for re Olin. It was disgraceful to the cor.
poraiim. of London to have opposed the introduction of a
Intl into parliament for the purpose of effecting a
sanitary reform in the City. The market-place of Smithfield
wee ai, aleduniaiion and a nu.seoice which ought to be put
down, bet y. et seer veer, who n the attempt to do so had
Mel uwdr,lllo i.iflaf hi 0 i f the corporal ion of London had
been so 'twat as to prevent
anything trout being done.
go ey r, st swot reiresenicel in poliament except the
euteie interest. If it was the ile.ire of those whew he ad-
dressedd to have these evils redressed, it became their duty to
petition the li test of Commons, and to persist in so doing
until a oomph te m. spur. of .aeitery reform was granted.
0,, w.. 1.114 dmain the 'meeting any longer, but would
full mon Mr. Cooai aim to move the resolution which had
been peeper 41.
Mr C. COCIMANK promised the following resolution :
73 it from the evidence ..f the cella ent.olled on the inhabitanta of
the inemeedis by the oM. nee of prilioer It:Maury reculationoo,
the evaleneo• ol the, eeen.aot, it la traoleed that a petition be
co...toted to perinoonent an favour of a sound and ciallinelleaNVO
eaolitaty
Mr. J. Root:Ka b geed permission so far to derange the
veer th. pow dings as to he permitted, out of his turn,
to Mike a few observations (whore he quitted the room,
which tie was ol•liged ti 40. This interrur ion having been
perm fed, Mr. Mery proceeded to argue that Smithfield
fool Newg to matkets so re the go at sources of sanitary de-
-1 • 411.1 trot fa ibis Ciiy, on account of the va-t quantity of
unveholeioine mi at that was daily ixposed in a dead or
v.iff state in those two 'waken. Hit proceeded also to
...erste imene ci comenneen rep cling the purchase of a fl
tck
• f N shish she, p to a merged", who afterward', finding
they were smitten with the small-pox, had them slaughtered
In ii and sent them to a salt-swan at Neweatomarket,
woo ice roe, of them oat very low priers. The meat thus sold
to the poor eccaeioned a variety of diseases more or less fatal.
Alter • welling en these details at some length, Mr. Bow n
emitted el by repressing his cordial concurrence in the reiulu-
i h•n u• the perilous,
Dr. Gavle said that to Dr. Southwood Smith was due the
m. rot of having originated the prevent sanitary movement.
It was hardly to he conceived how great a proportion of the
morteliey of lin,rlend w.s aserihatile to the want of sanitary
preesu:ione. In Wale., the number of premature deaths
.row this cause wan 35,000 annually. In London alone it
wAll 13.000, root 3.'0,000 cos. s of eiekuess annually
resii:ted iu London from this cause alone. By
proper sanitary precautions it was possible wholly
s redieste a duo of diseases which were termed
eymntie, from being preventible. Of the e digitises,
imall•pon, t phus, and consumption, were the three most
f aid 4„.eeionee. Wu it ovate, y reformers wished to effect
wm, to imtiiute eleenlinees eel to give breathing Taco to
the dwellings of the poor. \Yates. was the chief agent for
• Tommie, eicalinei.. Of the 270,000 houses constituting
the meteorite. 70,000 were entirely deprived of a supply of
wee r ; nett' in the suburbs, whole streets were without water
mains, or any contrivance, for procuring this nem-
el, y. Thee 'crags, 31a1., ut the rat, trip die was disgracefully
ficient. Many feria which bed cost thousands were
mere recephielei for filth and ordure. In Westminster,
1011 Q hundred thousand pounds had been wasted in con-
e'reeting dreins that were quite useless, as they did not
communicate with the houses, and consequently could
DO' eany of the fl th. It had been said toy Mr. Roger.
that food was a 'limitary question. He did not thick,
howtver, that the pr. sent meeting could enter into that
"tali. cr. Dr. elan' then proceeded to read some state-
ments reapectieg the condition of some of the courts in
he City.
Dr. ALMA saw with great pleasure the father of sanitary
ri-for a pr. biding neer the meeting. (Cheers.) It had been
his painful duty to wines, much of the dirt and unwhole-
someness of the dwellings of tee poor ; but, so far was it
iron Mier true thee the lower orders delight, d in unclean.
that he was able of his own knowledge to state the very
r. vi oe, he having intim heard the poor express their horror
at tieing ehlig• d to reside in such filthy places.
Toe resolution was then agreed to.
Mr. !MACKINNON !Wed that in they wets met for the
purism, of afailltlif a petition, it would be necessary for
oem to hear it read, which the veer. tatty would do. lie
asu`rigrdbyotherengtgrments to quit the chair, which
would b • taken by Dr. Gavin. lie heeged to expo as the
entitle. .tion he f. It in vh•wing the results of the =mother,
end he trusted th• y would all tweeted the endeavours of him-
self and his 'Demist.. in the great sanitary movement.
The hon. member then I. ft the 'wen, It sing accompanied
by the gentler's• n who had bat round the table.
Dr. Minn took the chair, and a petition, in aceordince
with the eta lutont, teas fC Lod agreed to.
Mr. Stye mime re xt prom, ded to address the meeting in sup.
port of a resolution Neatest the laws of cattail and prituog• •
',dun, Waif a he propos•el ; but as the basin, as et the meet-
ing tees hrminated by the adootion of the r. solution and
petition, it is needle's to report the furt'.er presets dings.

geleasalag this argument the friends of India will,'
therefore, make eta the strongest possible cue fur
their sdversariee measure; they establish its value
and teach us its worth. They moreover altogether
forget that it is not many years since our legislation
enabled India to export sugar in any large
quantities; yet India was advancing in prosperity
when sugar was not an item in her remittances to Bee
country. Equally oblivious are they of the fact, that
if the withdrawal of sugar as an article or export did.
lead to the exportation of the precious metals from
India to this country, India would not obtain the
precious metals to export, except in exchange of her
products in some other quarter. Doubt less it would
hit much moro profitable to India to mind produce in
stead of silver; but were the balance of her remittance
hither to bo paid in silver, India would not b conse-
quently, ruined. And far better that India should
take less of our manufactures directly, then that all
lelaeses of Englishmen should be taxed to Atrolong the
existence of a fictitious trade in sugar. 'trade. to fos-
tered, eneouragi d, and patched up, may be very pro-
fitable to a few, but it is very unprofitable to the
many, and it is their interest that legislation must
keep in view.
The manufacturers of England do tint ask that the
people of England should pay 2,900,0001. a year, is
order that they may keep up their exports to luta i
to their present figut es ; the y have, over and ov
again, repudiated the principle that is inv.'s.. d in se,
such taxation; and, our word fur it, the people
of
India will find sometlang else than silver tit piv th.
balances against them, if we don't take th, ir error.
What they did when we ceased to take tht ir coLUm
goods, they will repeat, if we give up Buie augur
viz. produce; some other article to export.
But this argument of diminished exportation of
Indian sugar, and the substitution of the export. of
Indian bullion, is only a repetition of the vicious
practice of 'arguing in a circle, to which the Inoue-
tionisti always resort when in a difficulty.
It
assumes what it to be proved. Already, aim* the re-
duction of duties on foreign free labour sugar, India
produces sugar much more cheaply than the lower or
our Wrist Indian islands. Why should nut the CO.l
of productioif go on diininirthiwz in India under the
influence of greater pressure'.' The it flutoPPII exam-
ined on this point by lewd Granter. Iles•risett, were
either persons who hod an Wriest in attaining a profit
by means of protecting duties, or persons who could
only speak to the point from int inflation they had re-
ceived. And the truth is, that the niiiiirity of the
Europeans engaged in sugar planting, and sugar
manufacture, and sugar exportatio., in
have to struggle against insufficient capital,
the high interest on borrow. ti merit), trade so
speculative as to amount nearly to gainblitre ; to
Calcutta, against a system of advanci aby govern-
ment hypothecation, which drives wi al thy and sober
houses out of business; agnitat tenures which repel
investment in the soil ; and against defecive and ex-
pensive means of transport.
Nee is it to be to: gotten that the population of
India is a great sugar consuming population ; that
hitherto high prices alone tempted them to export it
in any quantities ; and that there is a large anti in-
creastng demand in Central Asia fur the auger of
India. But, that uitimately, India will not, ill spite
of all difficulties, be able to compete with lirtizil and
Cuba in sugars, is a notion unworthy of the great
capabilities of her soil, of the industry of her people,
and of the enterprise of British sps culatiirs and capi-
talists; and she will be able, ell the sooner, for the
isuro of the act of 1846.

DULLTN ELECTION COSIMITTEE.—The tertle.Dy was
contisithal yesterday. Two votes were objected to, and
the inv taiga. ion as to their validity oecup ed the entire
day. They were both ret deed. The committee adjourned at
a quieter pest three to eleven o'clock this day.
!WIWI shi A .1000 L—On Saturday night, the resi-
dence art Lune' Einit.P.W, Eel., the rec ardor of Rochester.
was burshariously entered, and stripped of a large qu into),
of silver pl .te, Meer .1 gold watches, &c, the burglars,
amongst ntlwr snacks c trry in et off his costume.
WItaCK OF THE STEAM-S(11P ARIEL.—The
following are the latest particulars respecting this 41-fated
ship : The Ariel was considered the fastest of the Peninsular
and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's fleet, which con-
sist. of twenty-five steamers. She cannot, we regret to say,
he got off. The last accounts from Leghorn state the vessel
to be fast fixed, n the reef, and had nearly six feet of water
in her ho.d. Nearly the who'e of the epee ie and a consi-
derable quanti yof her valuable cargo had been got out of
her, the latter very much damaged, and landed at Vada.
Although greatly nett by the cargo being removed,
there was no perceptible alteration in the panther' of the
vesaell, and it is feared there is but a small chai ceot her being
tiered. The Anal in question where she lies is a most den
genius one—it is the Mal diNetre, situate between four and
live mil, a distant welt from the town of Veda, on the Tun-
neler co at, Ind 13 milts from Leghorn Lighthouse, in let.
43.82 60, N., and long. 10.17 45 E. Most tortunately at the
period of the occurrence the e eather was not b eiorrouv,
which enabled the crew to launch the steamer's boats without
injury and 'islet, land the p is-engers at Vale, where
ey assistance wall obtained. The Ariel was an tom-built
ves+.l, nearly 900 ton. burthen, and was launched it Bleak-
wall about two years since. liar engines were 300 hone
power, the manufacture of Messrs. Palen and Co., a'
Greenwich. One of her filaj• sty's war steamers and a pri-
vate steam, r have been &viva:Led from L gloom and Genoa
to the Ariel'. assistance. The Peninsular and (Mental
Steam Navigation Company have the Arid very kea‘ily its
stared at Lloyd's.
THE CATAMARAN.—It haring been announced that
this life-preserving machine would 5 esteribiy make a ',orig..
from Dover to 11 eul egne, accompanied by the Brit.nms
steamer, long before the time announced the beach at Dover
was thronged with spectators. The mayor and other autho.
ritirs of the place were among the numb r, a, also were
several nautical, rn.litare, end other scientific 'lent!, use th
The band of the 40. h Regiment was in attendance. "
the hour for the demonstration approach d,'• +aye a corre-
spondent, "the stiffish south waiter that hid blown in the
early part of the morning grew stiller, a n iste chepoing sea
robed in the channel, and the breakers heavily lashed the
shore. Under these circumstance. the big hest nautieel
authorities d.clared that it could be imposainle fir the
' catamaran' to make bead again.t it an as to reach B ulogne;
and Mr Hely wee compelled to postpone hi+ trio till nor
oat, when, wind, tfcc , permitting, it is to come off."
MORTALITY IN TUE METROPOLIS.—Iiiiitt hundred
and forty-one persons died in London lest week. Thia num
ber does not ranch the average of the season ; but a much
more favourable account would he given by the registrar-
general, were it not for the ravages of sea let fever, typhus,
and small-pox. The first of these maladies killed rest t tree
tines its ordinary number during the stein days, and typhus
and small pun nearly twice their average itutalbr. Tne
deaths during the week from these the.* e diereses were 174.
By the special notes referring to the fatal er.e., of smsil-pus,
it appears that fifteen of these victims of a disetpaiii¢ diea-c
had not been vaccinated at all, or not dire ugly. The
neglect of parents and friends (for these patients appear to
have heen nearly all children) must -un ly t c chargeable
with the sin of some of these deaths—niece lie potent may
no- have their children vaccinated without Net
SIR JOHN Ross AND THE HEIR-AT-LAW SOCIETY.
—Sir,—ln reference to proceedings in the 'nee vent —inert," re
George Hoes," in which my name is represent. d (on the 30th
ult.) by your report as " having figured ii, the prospectuses
of the Heir-at-Law Society," &c., I have t .recoest that you
will be pleased to state, that if my 1111,110 h.- itputartd in
any of the prospectuses of the Heir-at Leer S ciety. it was
without either my knowledge, consent, or authority, and
alw ik it I am not, and never have be, n, connewed with that
society, nor have I advanced to it any money.—Jour Ruse.
—North-West Castle, June B.

THE SUGAR QUESTION-MEETING AT
LIVERPOOL.

Yesterday a meeting called by the Mayor was held
in Liverpool, to hike into consideration the present d, pressed 1
state of the West India interest. The meeting was nu-
merously and respectably attended.
The MAYOR briefly opened the meeting, and Mr. F. Shand
moved the lint resolution :
That the imperial parliament In pawing th Emancipation Alt, in
IMM, pledged the national faith to the honest and viten wit workiaa it
put, with Me regard to the maintenance at our colonist praptrty,
and the encouragement of free labour in our ooloul d pwwwwW,a.
C.d./twee:we, Esq., briefly seconded the resolution. fl
assured the meeting that be had no present interest in the
West Indies, lout from his acquaintance with those adani, -
he believed no man knew better than himself how itrea
fully the interest:it/tete had suffered and the pl oprit tors of
We.t Ini.inn property had been oppressed.
The MAYOR was here about to put the resolution to the
meeting. when
Mr. W. BATHBONE rose and said—Mr. Mayor. before tha
resolution is put. I have an amendment to move. (AO-
please. S And I assure you, Mr. Mayor, 1 will take the viers
proper precaution yon gave at the outae., 1 wed educe* en •
tC use mew the tom and Ps toe luevtiou. so,/ t

should hops that on a question where humanity is• ooncerned But here was the evil. He had many friends erneegst tits
to speak with a calmness and a judgment which can ouly West Ineian interest, and they hail e•impleteed
erapport the true foundation en which humanity should rest. to hint of Vele iamb-wry: eil estates. He ead read
The resolution I have the honour to propose is this : to them " Did you ever see your estates ?" nh
That the experiment of emancipation has been crowned with the no," was the reply; they had nevi r been wellin (14
510110 gratifying degree of emcees, In no far as concerns the condition tiblop.duincsatedainßdkritmathiii;iturai e
se; or 1, t
at,
ht,n,ereie
dmwethii.,oir a.
dal
of the coloured population of our °goatee, eneepthing nine-tenth. of
t
the whole. That the neglect et improvements In the mode of coin-
'Mien and management—the est/maim prenlente of absenteeism—
the want of sufficient capital, together with the iejudietoos treatment torte to greM
lof the labourer., both during the period of apprenticeship and nines land? The cotton martumetarers rat Ire •,g; 0,1
hmfnedtbiiEts;:nt
srt 'cut,opi
umeens:tomnr
yt' Continentpeornow.r .iantegn;r:
this,hat len:,
jeldyt e r 1:: eithe nutu,
A :nt:alts:
tetdho sot
peeve. 1 its termination-are cane of the palpable and.,,rd:lnreettotththea.iitsesz.ttoe,fikuocrf etoi
y
se au •
ppreeerownot
oelnep.zooliotitooo.titute f
acovilorntualenl..Tknoleitrale,riegt
of inondown Is more profitable than that of freemen, thus alfording to
letnhaeder ae...1 u
r.bn
other nations a plausible reason fur adhering to slavery. test, on behalf of the country at large, against a tax beta
(Cheers and hisses.) Now, my friend., I will keep you a placed upon sugar, in order that the sum an aceruin
short time. Hear me ; and, if you disagree with me, go into the pockets of the growers. eir. Thureelv en tutu
answer me—but hear me. Now, Mr. Mayor, I confess lam
parliamentaryy M r .
cu
by remarking that it should not be sappo.ed • hat th,• resew
u much surprised to-day as I was on a former occeeion,
quoted
Hodgsonnn had lien
be
when I came into thin room, of the claim+ made by the West the
Indians ; and here I am reminded of the Militant epeech small majority.
made by a rev. gentleman new present, when he said the
et-
claims of the West Indians aatoniahe'l him much, because Mr. C. Rosearitote recend, d the amendment. He
thei: claims really went beyond what Shakspeare could hare pn-esed his surprie o that such res u rel.
imagined ; because they were not content with " the pound mantel ehould be bmnelat fern at et thin time of day_
of flesh," or "tan bond," bat they must have both, now that all the fallacies ot monop sly hod been knocked
(Laughter, cheers, ad heves.) If was not an emancipa- upon the head by free traders. If those who yr en.i.en
the
tiuni.t before, I would then thank that rev. gentleman for prefent movement were sincere in their desire for the ijn,.
h .ving strengthened me in the principles of human (man- struction of slavery, let them gn for the free lima .static*
cation. What is asked ? The West Indians have here 01 all sugar raised by free labour in ether
p.:r„ of the
haul 20,000,0001. How far that wu wisely bestowed or world an well as In our colonies, and not only (.r re erietieee
upon, but the total prohibition ot, all seamen, en sue,,
not wisely bestowed I will not stop to inquire. It was
The umendment and renolution heel g been P
an honour the country to have bestowed that 20,000,0001; e , under
to
and if that 20,000,0001. had been properly laid out at :he similar rcumotances to the termer tutu, tie or.gime e'en
was declared to be curried.
time, it would have bought the whole of the West holies.
(.' Cries of " no, no," and " yes, yes," followed by hiesoa The. Rev. Dr. M'Netea proposed the le xt ree,e,
and cheers.) You are quite right to say " no, no, if you the effect that the meeting bete!), clui.pereveil d . Cis.
differ from me, but that is my impression. But Ido not lotion so much at variance with Betas' ju• ice, stit itish
yippee(' gentlemen will at all deny that 20,000,0001. were consistency, and with Bre tals ionionr, ene heel- el her
given Ivy the country at large to obliterate that blot from :tern, s gnvernme .t to a iiiiameee to 4- orry out
humanity and (rem English freedom. I hope that will nut the original intentions et the limene•yatt to Art. It wee toe
lie disputed to-day, It nsay,ooo perhaps, be foreign to the as an opponent of tree trio that be CA,Ge lei• '0 eddrwe
question to mention that 10,,0001. have been also given the meeting, for toe was bee to \
r the wok
to Inland to We them from starvation. (Question.) ouch a cenilition that free trade remit h • rev et. d• ut help.
I assure you 1 am not a very unpractised speaker, fairly, universally, lie would not ionly *pee hat e; .
esti if gentlemen will wait they will see lam with it—if a.I mankind could hippy Lieep_ei,
adhering to the question, because I believe teat war could break out no more--as (Ur MeNcile)
in both instances it his encouraged that absenteeism which was once solemnly auswed by an hionourab.e messier for
has linen the destruction of the West Indian colonies. Now, one of the divisions or teat orate" it 'weer could.
gentlemen, I am one of those who do not think that a lint the hon. genheinau who advocated free trade did no
righteous emote can be supported by unrighteous mean,, go the whole length. Why sup with ,uear? ',rep not
The abolitionists began with the cry, in which I believe apply it to the machinery by which cheap aueer w s pro.
them to be sincere, and wbich I know them myself to be (loud ? Was the loo.i. gentle man p:epar• d w e,, the full
sincere in saying that free labour is properly—and I admit length ? Why, then, nut bare free tr eer is elav ? All
it in properly—made use of on the present occaseon ; and protee'ion, it had been ail 1, na.ant rethitie. It this were
hi re I mey say that I have no fallacies to uphold. Ler so, the police officer who guerdce our home et nieht was
truth stood on a broad basis, and, if it cannot stand on that, binnell a rubber, and every g utle:ean watt
it shall nut stand for me. The abolitionists started with the ho ton to his pocket was a defrauder of ihe thief. (Litightua
proposition, that tree labour, properly used, wu superior to The reverend speaker, after gain,/ a lo••..t is cto o a it, the
sluvo labour; and Ino e believe that that is the cane, and that government how they ervereded in the in et, r, ce urea
h. ume causes aro operating now that operated then to pre- the meeting upon the gro mel jue —aeon the et ,oaf of
,ant free labour from coming into fair competition. (11, ar.) interest—upon the ground of eumaeley, to tupp-rt the
I for one will never consent that the West Indies, who have resilution.
done wall in the days of prosperity, !Mould now come as a Mr. Bea meet, in a lengthy speech, ,recede! ti • rem
etas interest to ask from us exemption from those evils to halos.
e hide we are all now subject. Ido hope that the people of
:tiro v Brower, M.P
Liverpool will be firm to these free-trade principles which v.. m proposed the following
meatemend-
:
they have held, and not turn their backs upon themselves.
Mr. Itathbone conmeded by moving the amendment, That, although the return knot a ViCiOtlg to a mund Icaja
Mr. C. IIid.I,AND seconded the amendment. He said : I latinn must nottesarily tat Um the totem:et. ••f ties, eau hare
profited by the continuant, of each a inst. noetau d'ef sat
eontead, standing es we (the oppesitien) do, disinterested consider that either des result, or the e:sieoenth of sty ,kt
partime; unconnected with the colonies any mere thus with on the trade of the West ineoes, ore f.,011, why r nalustrioce
all parte of the world, with a wish to extend commerce to all ciao... of thin country Mendel be iax•- I for fur it,,-ales;-..tni the enamel
parts of the world—standing here as an impartial jury, interest; and would further reds es it. o;inoss, that our rest. tutees
trust, rept' seuting the feelings of the great Meer of the towperming en the trade or io.titistry of the coonues, Usual. mete te,
should be forthwith recuot.d.
people of England—we are the right party who shone,
now examine closely the question propounded to us, aad He deprecate,' the idea that he .11120 there to
give a verdict nut corn extent only with the interests of a o
ee-give the remotest assist:trite to th e .lave treda abhorred
teen or party, hut the• which is necessary and essential to it; hut he never nouhleensent h tux the British politic, by
the happiness of the whole of this great community. His • differential dell, for the b nefit of a clans insrest.
e
worship, gentlemen, has already told you that there aro two showed that the act of 1846 could tent have pro owed the
phases ut this question—two main features of it—the quer,- ',lave Uncle in Rio in 1847. Commercial Ireabon tend-i to
tem of philanthropy on the incl hand, that of free trade and d, -crease the chance of wear, and Le ia way. mid so; nnt thatwer
comm• ice as it affect' our West India colenies on the other. would be effectually prevented by free trade. He rued aa
Tnere is a curious sneer: between these two questions. Some extract from Sir E. Bowen, to show that all our arteepte to
bow or other they have managed to dovete'l the question of prevent the slave trade only aggravated it horror. aid
philanthrepy with that of the cultivation of sugar in our jur, el the West teems. Mr. Brown concluded by moving
%%Wet India colonies. The question of philanthropy, how• the amendment.
ever, hes been touch lilt out of view in propounding Mr. CLATIPOLE seconded the amendment. Ile contended
the ?notelet' b lore us, but we seall doubtless hear ot that we should have slauegrown sugar *heeler the resole-
it afterwards. I contend' that we, the people of England, tons of Lord G. Ben: inek were carried ur rot.
have a right to treat th m arparately as two distinct (Mr. C was still ipe eking when our report was made up
propositions. I maintain, on the grimed of philanthropy, for despatch by the train.)
that we, the pen: le ot England, have shown nobly in the face
et the w ,tld, that we were willing to try th:. question of
philanthropy at any cost hitherto. We have tried it, and I
em sorry that, notwithstaading all we have suffered and done
accemplieh that which we were told would be done by our
suff..riug, the problem still remain, unsolved—the evils still
exist; and, ds spite the many years' warfare against sherry
*nick we hey,: carried on—d, spite the millions «pent with
that object —despae the enormous expenditure of life aad of
treasure which we are now yearly undergoing—despite the
millions of money now spelt in keeping up a fleet on
tee coast of sphe all thew, and is spite of
the prevent sacrifice of 1,200,0001. a year, which we are
sill paying, in the shape 01 a prot• ctiun to the British
colonies—ticipitc all thew, gentlemen, we have not
mode one more in advance ; and slavery, instead
of decreasing, mull sores us in the face with aggra-
eared harries. Mr. Powell Buxton has placed it clearly he-
fore you—the horrors of slavery, of the middle passage ot the
voyage from Africa, hive actually been aggravated by the
very means which we have taken to prevent it. I therefore,
gentlemen, demur, on the part of the people of England,
to the centineacce of this experiment at the expt sit the
' labouring claws ot thin country. For who is it, gentle1:1111,
who have provided the minims of money in the shape of an
merges-el Duce of sugar to maintain the wariere of slavery ?
Who is it pas it? Is it we, gentlemen. dressed in broad
• cloth met here, I should like to know? No, of our'
, revenue of fifty millions and odd, thirty millions and
odd, shout two thirds, ere in colle.tion by indirect taxation,
which fa•la upon the labouring man especially. And is this
a time, I should like to know, to call upon the labouring '
and iticlustriou• closes of the country to ma -e a further
earnitiee ? Aee they so prosperous, I should like to
know, 113 fully employed, now enjoying so niece of luxury,
that they can come forward at this time of day, and say wo
are prepared to make another effort and menthe ? To me,
they put it le a mod, at shape : it I. Only to he 4s. in favour
ut the West 'when proprietor,— nly 800,0001. or 900,0004.,
, perhaps 1,000,0301 , —we will cell it so in round numeens!
and th. y sey, it you will only make thin small additional
sacrifice, in addition to the indiums already paid, we will
undertake that the e xporianent of des roye g slavery shall be
ancceyfally wily d. Now, if this enormous amount of cx
pasiditerc already heel out has trot preveuted but increased
the horrors of the system, is it clear thee this additional
small sacrifice, coat arativ, ly (:hough it involves a million
of memos, murk you!), will, foreoeth, put the seal upon the
great work, which, aeter thiry 3 ears of indefatigable labour,
:Las reaulayl in tithing? It is perm:famous. But now I
leave the philanthropy part of the subject, and go to
the special coo which the gentleman who moved the first
resolution cedleti aetthtion to—namely, the special case on
behalf of the West India colonies. Ile claimed, gentlemen,
at your hands this ametional tax in their favour-, and come-
quently a breach et fait. tin the part of the legislature of
Luis country terser the West India proprietors ; or the
ogee quences would not only be fatal he themeout to the negro
iehutricenta of this ouun ry. eVith regard to the negro class, I
I only wish that I could see the industi mead oases of this noun.
try one half so well red or employed as the present negro lulu-
: twee oof 1.11, Olga ties. And Veen I see tnat the report ofthe
es g overno: of these colonies corrolorative of this, speaks
au the hien. .rt terms of teen fl iu tiring c indition,who are in
fact Decree all inset:old. es thromehout the islaud—when I
see this, is it net too bad. representing, as I presume I do,
tee seetimeets of the industriuu• claws iv the counoey, that
you elteule call upon me to airline upon this class—(no, tie)
--a •urther tax, hi do what? Why, to carry out, as Ile.
Stiaoid s eiel, the accomplishment of emit act which resultel
iu pl icing the negro inhshi aut in bevel. condition. We
have p aced him so. (Mr. Holland, in proof of his asserion,
read an er r .ct train Au offi:ial report, which, in anew, r to a
gni etion to pini, he said related to Jamaica) He con
usual—No sooner has the negro been emancipated, and
placed as a lien lateourer there, than one of the systems
adopted by the We t India planters has been to lay
addittenal tel. a upon 'he imp arta of those articles coneutmel
by the neer.) intiabitatite. Wear.) The object of this
hue ben to raise a revenue to import free emierants
from Alr.ca to the ELY ladies Therefore, gen lemen,
et there has been any decline in the condole.. ot the negro
mhabeanr, it ',meet uot be owing toe breach of faith on the
part eet the national 10. blature, but the hostile act rit the
West India planters Now, let us leek at the West India
plant,. himself : look at lam spewed case. Ester in the height
of protaeh at, up to the tint, of •he Enteeeipoino Act, it ap-
pea s from the sec ede of history, treat toe planter even than
wa• 'mould! before the pu elle with the genie complaints as at'
this ,lay We know that they had an amide tom given to
the mat the time of I nuncipaion. tw. nay oat li one, and nu 7
they want an annual rum ot 1 000,6601. for six years.
He would not e resent to tax the people ot Eneland tor the
h. re fit ut the planters.
Th amenuue nt was then put, and afterwards the original
refolutieu. Tne mayor deeleree this latter carried, amidst '
cries ut " No, no."
Mr. A. HetDOSON moved the wean,' resolutioo, and the
lice. Mr. N °Lex seconded it.
Mr. T. TliottNELT, M.P., rose to pr 'pose 161
TelltielleMeell At the mat eminent poblec men of our own and
former timns—supported I,y the all but uostumnus coke of the
country- have pronounced mowing, to eie id me Mama deal., de.
trimental to the elawas fore/bum lasted. its imposed, as well us to
these teem the :rues of whose tedustry dun merighteeis et ietbot to
levee!—this Meeting protests against the propisiman mete ty a eon.-
mime of the House of Commie. tor uutiettsothig, during the next
six years, is (Intel venial duty in favour of dritt h y moo Aso • °gars of
ten skim** per era., which, Oil the qua..t.ty tileliee in
1647. wonni be edmil to a t.x tie the wane-malt, of ne leas than
2,40.1;11./. por annum. foe the lament of the along, noes, mei to a 'oat
to the • -achepuer, by tae redo:alum .04 the duty fr. feast-en to ten
MON., mahout any wenteasming of 1,9A,0ti01. per
annum.
It had treen hi, determination to attend the meeting humbly
to °ppm., the ri solut:on welch he presemed ',mull be sue
enitteri, t ales I, should have heen shoe re tort that el atter al 1
he in .era• in ...ravine. 'lee rev. gee wan aad
nd
dressed thou bed gone wide in liii 'in',':. in ie.serei.l4
that Lord . orgs Baitinek's e 1111T.V. i Ire;
veldt Frowner JY'll auger. Frew LLD •e'e)
he had olepoovd slavery: he esti eve e• a ,
hut it wee to his view, totally hare. ee e • -ie.' g
fere ,got preeuere, to deetruy the sieve it ns• :se• et' ver-
ve.: were the importers of the prettier c '• • .oil.
which wee the proeuce of slaver). i • - h -.a
as strong a lodate as al, one for the ma. •1
Indians; hut th -ate distress-se, it must I. e
by no melte of re rent dire. The Wt,: I i <, ts
ureter mod" yr t, whith had incurred e• ,• . t ,o
WI rent ram et w ore extraordir.ey •oe
es• r'lie V"; e of. • 6

LETTERS TO WORKMEN AND THEM
EMPLOYERS.—Lames I.
There elan be no doubt that tnere is et pr. o at con-
siderable estrangement of fe, ling between • porte,., .it the
working men and the portion of society which is generally
classified into the aristocracy, the er, fassinual and
the emp.oyers of labourers. With a view to fie up the
unseemly and dangerous gap thus oecaiotted is cir.y it
is desirable that the alienated classes should be brou _le into
closer juxtaporition by some means that would predue
union, by raising the working men in the social ,tale. And
the main object of these letters is to snow ho • this may be
effected. Before proceeding, however, to . xamme the elo
ments which exist for elevating the operative to It paricipa
tion in some of the advantage s of the capitalist class, it may
be useful to examine a di onvricelly opposite plan, whisk
has been proposed for the same purpose and has linnet many •
partisans—the partition, in tome shape or other, of the
gains of awitaliste among the workmen.
To this en.: it is first of all itece-sary to know the exact
nature and reach of the views enterteitied be the an•icapi-
talists. It is to be hoped that th.y have noilesige of niter-
tering ' with actually existing capita', wi•li past profits
gaited and realised into property. This would be koil.ttion;
and the visions of those who would confiscate the p. party
of the wealthy to divide it among the poor, aid attempt to
make a general equalisation, have fortunately lone been
dispelled in this country. Every workmen knows that the ~,
share he would get in the common spoil would not compen- '
sate him many weeks for the inc tine lee to him by driving
out of existence the claw wt o can afford to buy his com-
modity. The carpenter and the mania would have each his
fragment of the rich man's mention ; but would that com-
pensate him for the abolition of mansion beedina ? The
carpet weaver would get his share; but wh. re would be his
petition when he feted it fixed by law that no one here-
after ehould be rich enough t • buy carpets? No! ultimately
we may conclude that any such project of spoliatioti and
equalisati proj, et which, to be effective, would regain
to be repeatei almost deity, for the evening would not see
those who were equal in tee morning still equal—,f it ever
seriously had devotees among the working clauses, must long
ago have been abandoned by them.
Presuming, then, that the opp cents of tiro hallo nee of
capital du not propose to confiscate it, we m ust also presume that
they will allow the piesessors of it to draw *.he market interest
Wnat the workers then propose to divide amoig themselves
is merely the profit et espies!, that profi• which arises over
sad above the interest. If they eau by any 1. gitienat•
peaceful proceedi..g get this sum to flow into tour own
pockets iustaad of those at the capitalists no one will deny
that they are entitled to d i ea. Tee market is open to free
competition, and if the men who have not capital cm any
management or organises ion suecess-ully compete with thou
who have, and gain toth the wages and the profits of their
trade, certainly letthem do so. Raving brought the question
to this point, let me consider whether this yea ly is posdhle ;
whether any promis s to eccomplieb it are likely to be ful-
' filled ; and whether it is an enterprise on which the working
classes can prudently embark.
In the first plate I suspect they muck miscalculate the
value of the fund to be divided Immense as are the riches
of this country, there is little doubt thiat the sg.regate of all
other incomes put together would be small m conioarition
with the aggregate of the sums paid as the wages of hand-
labour. We have no means of estimating the comparative
expenditure of the rich and the poor upon the necessaries of
hie, hut even when we lo.ik to the luxuri.s, the vast rimed-
cedes of the latterconvert thesums, unfortunately so minute,
which they can individually apply in tne direction of enjoy-
mew, to a sum tar greater than tnat spent on the abundant
and profuse luxuries of the rich. Thus the duties oa te-
eaeeo—the poor man's indtegence, amounted in 1846 7, to
4,336,1631., while the duty on wines realise 1,930,6/01. In
the same year the imports of turtle—pr merbially the
capitalists'luxury—amounted to 616 ern , While the wtantity
of sugar entered for home consumption reached 6,231,848
ewe tile, perhaps, a toonatural feeling to the poor exhausted
artisan, returning from his hard work to his scanty food, that
' the great capitalist's carnage, which hes just whiled by and
spattered him with dust or mud, is the emblem of a fort toe
re teed out of his exhausting labour, and that the social sys-
tem which makes so unequal a division cannot be right and
just. But he is act to foga that the capitalist is but one.
while he and his brother workmen are th0u5...13, and that
the sum which olskes the one rich would be but a small per
centage on that which supplies the multitude with their
scanty livelihood. They forget, also, the still more important
querton because it is the question of justice or in-
lu•tice—whether a farthing of that money i. actually t Ikea
trum themselves, in such sort that if the eapit diet aid not
obtain it they would. Suppose 20 men to make each 2301.
a rue by a joint-stock manufactory, pr.b tbly the workmen
would not c insider them extravagantly rewardid ; they
would see in them modest, plain men bringing up their le-
' ratites in decent simplicity. Suppose, however, the whole
5,0001. a year to go to one man, the contrast is greater, the
object is not so pleasing to the mind—profuse wealth and
abject poverty are brought too near each other; but is the
matter anywise different to the working men 1 do they lose
by the change Unfortunately for the argument again,*
'be large capitalists, they are the verging who can afford t 5
deal on the smallest profits. The man whose capital is but
3001. or 4001. must make 60 per cent. on it ; he rt vireo it
in ive. He who brings into the field 100,0001. is perhaps
content with 2 or 3 per cent, of clear profit over interest.
With regard to thus item of interest, which generally
forms the larger share of the capitalist's income, even under
a system of communion, it would still have to be paid to
him, unless his capital itself were cosfikeited. If any set Of
workmeu, amounting to one, two, three, or four thousaad,
as the cue may be, unite to conduct miliankletories on the
co-operative system, they must have capital, otherwise they
cene• t pr is aro edifices, machinery, and raw material. That
thei have not this capital themselves is the great object of
their complaints; therefore tney must borrow it, and, as a
innatror,,;lt)reeouflitt,
wpityrthheocnnurretlyncart interestried towniththoeultompi:i Thus,
in
social revolution would go no farther than this—that the
present owners of capital, instead of employing it than-
e, lees, would land it out at interest to be employed by cer-
tain societies of workmen, and the great first practical
'intuit's' would be to satisfy the capitalists of the
soutelnees of the investment ; while the really ins-
pot tent consideration, it this difficulty were got
over—which is a questionable supposition would be,
woctior the revolution would he set any service to the
wonting Glasse theinsolvea 1 whether it would but a 10•41.6
iNpaa4l-3, ;0 ag owlmr..l Ap.

m-
er-
cal
lie
oi-

.

ether ntintligie ilinmlediately affected, by setting them to • I.
task which tMy poor not the means of performing ?
When the esengnbelary forte commissioners made their
report in 1839, there bad been much depreciation of trade,
much discontent, aud. much devising of plans for raising the
much dico*teot, aiid much devtsing if plena for raising the
00thti00 o profits working classes ; among whtch, this one of
the of eNntal to their menus of lucerne. was
adding
not overlooked. An intelligent, honest, And able artisan,
who held a sort of colloquy with one of the commissioners
explained the details of a scheme by which a thousand work-
men could set up their own manufactory, and divide among
themselves the whole proceeds, each flailing Mk of capitol,
either by poeset,ing or borrowing it. All the preliminary
ditliculdes were supposed to have been overcome—the
thousand men brought together all of one mind
their subscriptiats all paid up the edifice built and
the mschinery erected under the superintendence of a
committee fully cop ible of accomplishing the bovine's—
unaiiimirua iu their proceedings—acting gratuitously, and
Inifillnor the ir lui,ctious to the entire satisfaction 01 tbeir
thous tied constituents. The newt question was, whether
the company would not lind it expedient to pay something
fur management, which included not only the allocating to
each workman. Its weekly share of the free produce, but
"superintending the machinery, selecting end buying skd-
fully the raw cam:noddy, and selling the mannfactured pro-
duce." The champion of the system admitted that it would
be necessary to pay f.r these sera ices, rind being asked how
much for each workman's share of 1001. he would allow for
this, he said he thought 41. or 51. a year would net be unrea-
sonable. The answer made by his acute interr, ,gator, who
in truth appears to have prepared this statistical trap for
him, must have somewhat astonished him:
s. It may surprise you, and it is well that you and the
respectable weeltatiiev engaged in this branch of manufac-
ture shout l know that the service spoken of is all rendered
to them fur oae-half -- now, indeed, when trade is depressed
for less than ,me-fourth—of the PALM which you, and perhaps
they, would deem a fair remuneration, that the 1001. capital
is furnished—the building erected—the machinery of the
meat etf. i.nt description is supplied, and raw COLlll3lotilty
purchased—the labour in working it up directed—the
markets vistilan•ly attended, and the vales of the manatee-
tut ed produce faithfully made at the beet price, without any
cue or thought int their parts—and that the manager or
capitnlist who ia provided for you does all this, and is well
satisfied with a r. numeration of 40s. or 50s. per annum fur
each iieliviiu.,l whom he serves while serving himself."
But unquotio,ably all profits are not et this small pro.
portim in comparison with the capital laid out. There hAve
been instances of men iu the manufacturing world who have
set out in life with nothing, and who have left behind them
princely fortunes. It may be that many of these men
Save been the spoilt children of fortunate accidetit,
and have made undeserved wealth. It is impossible,
however desirable it might be, to stop the turning o:
Fortune's wheel, and to preventsome from gaining and some
from losing undevervidly. We may depend on it. however,
that th, so g eat fortunes have not been often made without
talent, iutegrity, and labour of the highest grade—the labour
of the broin. Tho fortunate men have genteelly owed their
success to invention and organisation—the eff.,rts that most
highly tax the powers of the human mind. It is difficult to
see why those who hove exhibited those qualities arc not a.
well entitled to n ap the reward as the he id of the bar or the
head of the medical irofes,iion is cntitl it to draw the thou-
sands earned by his matchless skill. If it he decided that
these ihventois and art miser shall not reap the fruit of the ir
abilitii a mid trwritimi, yet the workmen will never obtain
them ; they are rho market price of the merit that achieves
them, and it tiny be net forthcoming, neither will their re-
ward. Ind, ed, rightly speaking, the workmen are partici-
pators in the gams of the inventor and successful
manufacturi g speculator. He fads superi ,rity in the
mark, t, soil the superiority gives employment to
thousands of addrinnal workmen. In an able article on
the St. Siaionian., Col. Thompson supposes a man to say,
"Sir Itoh,rt P [the elder], from small beginnings, made
(supp I, it a naidion by printed cottons: why, then,
should out tot: make our own cotton., and divide the half
million :ct.nng °ors& s " on which the colonel makes this
commentary, This lo ,ks specious, but the answer is not
far off. Suppose tnis successful manumeturer made halt a
million re money in 30 years, by sup,rlying on en average a
million of medomers, how much is this a year from etch?
Arithmetic says 4d. If, therefore, the whole million emi-
t ro were to ,arm a co-operative society, they might
save or gain 4d. a year in the article of printed cotton*, pro-
vided they could snake them as mace study as Sir Robert
Peel. But what is the chance that they shall make them
as race, .sfully, or that they shall not make them by 4d. a
year worse ? "
The proper conclusion seems to be, that powerful and be-
neficent os are the impulses of profit when it is left to the free
opera, i 'it of trade, it becomes worthless and clumsy if you
attimpt toeeize and artificially partition it. le its legitimate
course is is Mee the free wind of hefty. n, that swells the
merchant sail, conveys the fertilising showers, aid Maas the
earth with thy ripening breezes of immune. Oc..mioaally it
may carry storm or imam:men its wing—it is always pa cut,
and generally beneficent. Rumen ineeiluity ma) be berm
tidally employed iet watching and profi leg by its natural
impulses; but it is dangerous to impede or c .unto act it ; and
if y-u at to grasp it, it dissolvee nothing in your
bands.

IRELAND.
DUBLIN, JUNE 11.
The sittings of the Repeal Assiiciati in are post-
poned for a fortnight. Mr. John O'Connell made an
elaborate exposition of the principles on wnieh he wits
ready to enter into the proposed ueion. Several
letters for and against the league were read, the
most intluentitl of which were from the Roman
catholic Bishop of Meath and Dean of Artlagh, whose
diocesan, Dr. O'Higgins, is at present in Rime. The
Bishop of Elphin is also adverse to the merger of
the old association. Nothing beyond the suspension
and the speech was done, until the opinion of the
country can be collected. The statement of M . John
O'Connell was received with considerable hissing
from the body of the hall, where it is said the young
Irelanders congrega ed in some force.
111! Mal, of this evening, puts the f Mowing per-
finite queries relative to the Irish Fr:on.
Will her Maleaty's 0041MiNI$0130111 of alumna order a elle to he
attack. with tho race of trial, Nelms engraved thenan, that ,bey
may c:anio the -am,. is the Quinn's name and ',trite, upon it I,llolie
3011/MO, in order to give I! a lend circulation? Will they noisier ant
person who comma f..rward and identiliea iiimaelf wits ouch - title?
tit' barons in the Lachequer, or
come me of ahem. flat the
that
moat, of porwina who Mall dare to ot rt mibr with
that or Milometer the customary form of alliMirit to them and
to torte sureties?
The Moil, in cone'usion, observes, " A paper felon
may will claim the r.trge to our brimkeist tuhles if
the original in &Mt awl blood be an honour. uest
on board one of her Majesty's ships." It is well to
clear up this matte: of the •• bre ,kiti-t," which has
made such a noise. Mr. 'Mitchel del not breakfast
with the officers. He was treated to whatever ac-
commodation the Sitearwater c,uld afford, together
with the " Pickwick Papers," but beyond that all
the test is invention.
It is rumoured to-day the. a warrant is in the
hands of the police for the arrest of Nlc.igio r. The
cam, aactib.d it his last speech at the Mu is Hall.
The ri.muur moat proJably originated in the report of
Saturday, that he bad been :dreads captured. Both
he and Mr. O'Gorman left Dublin on Saturday
morning, by the Caudle' Railway, to organise the
south iuto clubs.
A very WO 11:1 educational institution has lately
been founded in Galway, for the tra.ning of young
childn ti in the matiumetdre of nets, preparation of
fish, &e. To this beneficial institution the Education
Board have c mtrinuted 300 guineas, and various
otlo t sums, smouuting 104001., have seen suppied be
the bchecoleut. In the town of Galway, 1,100
children tr. quent the national schools, of wism 700
are led by the bounty of the British Relief Astir

Mat ion.
Tor Bi !fast (;nimlier of Commerce meets this day
topetition par;i .ment fir the repeal of the navigation
laws.
That Nin thorn Irdy condemns the volunteer state-
ment of Sir Willi:no Verner in reference to Mr.
Mitchel, which was untrue and in bad taste. The
John 801 l says, on outhmity, thst the only relation-
ship b. tat-en 31ra. Mi:chel and the netmber far
Armagh is that she " was born on his es•ste." The
tie 1- mos. r—Mrs. Mitchel is the veritable Mice of
Sir Wilim.
'll., anti-repeal declaration, for some wicks in pros
grim of signature, has received many thousand
names, including peers, gently, lin rettautl, it,. Inc
Galtrao Vindicator, a repeal paper ava•rta that Lord
putsu,dle, and Sir ftiomas Butkr, M.P., have re-
fused to sign the document.

REPEAL AosuCIATION.
TEkNe OF UNION or REreoLuts tonal weekly
roe. li ei of tee .....oeitrlen Wu hold sloe day. Inc theft we.,
talk•o be Mr. Oellwry.
NAY rend the ionn wing doeurne.it
Paoroseo IkANA roe A KA1:N100 oF RIPEAL'Ate.
That it le expedient that 3 new repeal meauneittuo bu to,med, and
that the tee toors-ig Nellie -eta, the Repeal Aeuetdion and the
Inott peel dorate•• ,be acjobmed sme die. Inu the ruhd of the oeF
Org.biNitian 41a11 ,a ae lo eta : I. Tuts neon: ad the ue «bends a .all
be "The I rnlt Lower," for the dtbdoinent of the Irimertmei
ittdopm-
dence of lreldn.L 2. The ideal re toe amociati wit e• to
oldeof the IL:or...ion of the melsilaire ant!. e Weer. of Isolild
by the 111W111 o 1 Al •- tee tousentretinn .4
Opinion if. favour of thus meeoure. 3. Tire mendsr of oneolera
shall be unlimited. and every ilbeinner esamiate of ttin itct.l
A.K1.1 .ti a and Iriedi 17mled ...Moe for the year 1113, and eve, y
other 1.70011 who rAal sunoto.be ow Ntlltu, or upwachto Uie rind,
of tne belt Loewe, &mei toe oebtl .1 .ss Lie proononl u tuem,u of
the Lit. lea ;1.. 4. -411,2 uf 11a 11141 Ledoue n's Al to •
Rood by a cu topiary. who mu 1 here power to appoint alters, Alb.
aneue.to• ye se.tial purpows, arid mat, hy-liswaltN tic ,!I Amp-
snent • I the :eagle, nod treonsustent • ith toe fundemen.-1 rop• . 5.
To. esemti.tie • Lief enneise ..f the ow I toPre 01 the eouun eta. : te•
xeiwed Argue...viol and ul 01 the Lids 572.. I
ninoa aid el ouch oiler prams an .hall be .0.5-1 ea
It by the le unie. 8. The tenb of the leomte hall be t e • .7.
by a outneounsinn Miele shit shah be regularly tides,
le.uffeed r. 7. No r solution to other 'melee obeli oe 'rose -
h-hde the longue, auks+ it ab.ul Owe ionised the flesh u vs.'. •
Of the econottre. S. N-.Triewber gull be no,Fl.1,11•,1b1-13.1t
Oyu:Ono e 1914.1. 1 by ens other men is. That the brie is .1
etl.lll,+ ae e le.. si League ell4il be 11.16.34.43.1 independence ol ie. -
lire porde. a 4.! inenber of the zeisunittoe eceesdine, .
wasenner I.r In• .nett et olu-rn, ASS 31004. co elrenAilleflt
adsr.inerre•un no: ;Rolex. to •nes f• hi • Ile with), wol.

eh ineter be telesdend; kat this Is not In any way to be 0nce...,-.-
I Oa penant the diamalan error matter which may by the inembem of
alefildelm demmiselkes thromitiout the country be comidcrod a
ie~ese which public opinion atioual be threuted.
. Mr Ray presented to read a series of camiuunicati
ties Rome* sethohe prelates,, dignitaries, and parish priests
brand wont the proposed union of the forces. Toe pro
eipal letter in favour of union came from the vicar-genera
of the diocese of Killalue, Dr. Vaughan, who raid hr was by
peofession an advocate fur moral force, but it the constitution
was shattered beneath the feet of the people, tht a h.. would
not condemn residence, but would ratio his hands to besiege
and pray fur their success. There were several other letters
to the Mime purport from parish priests prim:in:llly. Leah vs
contra were read from Dr. Dawson, Rom ,n catholic
dean of Ardagh ; from Dr. Cantwell, ol Al. ath ; and
Dr. Browne, of Elphin—arguing against the question I
es disrespectful to the incinury of O'Connell, am
not sufficiently in accordance with his c tartly
inculcated doctrine of moral force, mot the o. eratiou of
opinien, and as not presen'ing in the basis of the new ema-
ciation any sufficient, or indeed any guarantee that ;he or-
ganisation would not he hurried with railway rapidity into
illegal cowers, and probably to insurre coon.
Mr. Juu O'CoNNELL Saul lie wished the asseciation
to understand, from the reservation of the notice he gave
on the loft day, and also from the more of some cootEctory
letters since received, that he intruded to move that the
association should be atijourneil for a fortnight. That
was advisable, in ore r that the project might be
emit through the country, to show the people that
nothing would be concluded or periceted witeout giving
them an opportunity ot expressing their opinions on is.
Ile haul only a few words, titer moving the adjourn-
ment, to say about kW n which he received himself. Mr.
O'Connell here reed several iommuei.ations, which he
had received from some of the cadmic hi, rereny anal
clergy, and continued to say—he wished Also to hav:
au
opportunity of referring to tido catholic h.erincoy .nd
clergy to have their epiiiions on the propriety ..t disonvi s
an association which had lolled for eight years amnia, a
dangers and difficulties.. Mr. Oallw y h thrown out on
observation which might be calculated to pile- him in ouch
a position in the eyes of the &unity its he aid not Ike
occupy. Ile referred to his letter, w hum has app. or. d
Is
the papers. Mr. O'Connell here read the leatlang Atari.
from the Freeman's Journal respecting the ....in a:nu:mina id
the desired co..li.ton among all repeaters. lie suit It could
not acknowledge any such thing as was stated in that
article. lie would state distinctly, that alter the last
met-nag of the aeociation, when the subject oi tax' woo
discussed, those documents had nut bren received which
were just read. lie never said that the union of .he two
bodies was the best thing diat could he done. Th.• only
thing that would be best to do wee to ruppert the rawest-
ti ..tt founded on the counsels of him whom the people had
reason to confide in. lie sail, if the country wuu!d
',peak out on the subject, he would nut stand in the way.
lie said, as on last day of meeting, that he had his doubts,
and he conlessed that he soil h-d leis &inlay ea to the
utility of forming a new body. lie would null Lul.l hies owu
opinions. uo matter what association might lie 'Mullet. lir
would still cling to them, and raise his voice agai.mt trim
people rushing on a dangerous course; hut he did not
mean to say that there wou'd be anything der gerous
iu-
(Loud cries of " Arm, arm, aim.") Ile toot the people
of Ireland that they were not driven to that ex-
tremity which some amongst them seemed to fear.
There were still bright hopes of success in and :Ohba
tutional a,.itation. (L iud 01.. N no.") He advised
them in the words of those whom ha o- pees, nted, and in
whom they all mudded, not to be led away by the counsels
ot these who advised them to hove recourw to arms. (I. .1.10
cries of "We will," " Yes, yes.") Such coon :els tenth dto
distract the attentim of the people—to the, it them from
the legal course of agitetion, a,.d gave an ailromage to the
enemy. (Cries of "No, no," and cheer., intermineled with
shouts of "Yes, yes.") Those who mimed them to take
arms were diverting them tram that cows • which would
lead them to the accomplishment or i heir ends without
striae or the loss of life. (Cries of " No, no," " Skth-
bmeen, Skibberecn.") Eve,, if the government allowed
the clubi to be organic. d it would be impossible
for them to be prepared. (Cries of The go '
vernment can't hinder the clubs.") The very moment
arms would be in the hands of the poor people (con ius on)
—this very moment arms would be is the ltauua ut the pi opl -
in some village or town, fifty or sixty soldier. or police could
get up a row, and oh- d the blood of tne people. (Crites of
" Y,s," " No," and confusion.)
The CHAIRMAN here interposed, and said it would he
impossible to carry ou the business in tie menial n., where
there was assembled such a multitude of men of ilifferi-nt
opinions, if a few could have the opportunity of creating
contusion, while any gentleman was sleeking from whom
those few dissented. Th se few who differed from Mr.O'Con-
nell c.oild disturb the whole meeting. Lie could io g of th M
to keep order.
Mr. O'CueNELL said he aid not feel surprised. how. Vet
grieved h might be at, the interruption Le wet a ith, but
would still persist with m much per inscity in preventing the
people front rushing on a wrung Mum, as hr would in lead-
ing them on to the right course. Mr. VC moeU, having
condoned to speak at some length on the course which he
deemed prudent to take in the pre,. lit condition ot ad 4 i ~,
c ncluded by moving that the a.sociatiois do adjourn for a
fortnight, ie order to allow the country to speak out On the
pro_posed formation of a new association.
Mr. E. W. Vaal:loNY Kneaded t..e resolution, which was
agreed to.

SCOTLAND
EDIsIt OH, 3t%E 13.

The chartist meeting caused great at last night
but, on the whole, passed off quiet.y. Thu place of
m eting was Bromidiclel Links, a large common on the
south side of the city, and having three accesses to it,
from the north, east, and west. The evening being
fine, vast le altitudes paraded the different avenue
walks, going and returning from the meeting so fre-
quently as to prevent any very large body from being
stationary around the ora•ors at any given time. No
alarm was apprehended, judging from the number of
ladies and nursery maids, with children, who went
close up to the scene of action till the moment of dis-
peridon. The Leith chartists were to have gone in
procession to the Links, but when half up the
walk they were met by the police, who, is virtue of
the magteterisl proclamation, demanded their flags
and musical instruments. Some heartetion being
manifested, a charge was made both by regulars and
specials, and forthwith the chartists took to their
heels, leaving their banners and cornet-I-pistons in
the hands of the victors, and carrying with them,
both on heads and shoulders, some unmistakeable im-
pressions of constables' staves. The defeat of the
Leith auxiliaries threw a damper over the main body,
the leaders of which looked for the Port legion as
anxiously as Napoleon did for Groucety at Waterloo.
The speeches were of the usual ammo.
It has now been formally 'levied by one of the
lords ordinary of the Court of Session that the able-
bodied unempl eyed are entitled to parochial relief. A
similar decistor in the inner court precludes all hope
of reversal over the decision appealed from.

COMNIPOOONS SIGNED BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT OP
EDINKUKOHSUINE.-8 r J. 0. Baird, Bat., Sir A. C. 0.
mafd„n3, Bert., W. Gibs fn.Craig, H.q. jun., A Wauchop.,
Esq., R. B. W. Hammy, Esq., J. Wauchope, Esq., and J.
Learinfinth. E•ci . to be deputy lieutenants.
Fuse Canstes.ir,—the met and " false" m.
pet ,on
cast n the principles aniers of the merateus
and supporters of the Free Kirk of Scotland by Mr. B. Coch-
rane in toe House of Commons some nights since have only
just reached my observation. The imputation of these
principles to republican sentiments the " honourable" gen•
Heinen pledged hime.ll to prove, and I would cell upon h.m,
throwth the medium of your paper, to make his tuber-
, tinny g-od. The accusation is a grave one, and as a site.
giver myself I f• el I have a right to eel epoo him to do a,;
and while he delays to d • so, lookieg upon the accusation of
dieloyalty and republic...limit as an insult to myself, I brit
leave to s.y it is a fal.• hood. lam myself a meah, rot the
established church of Scotland, and am therefore free from
the imputation of composing one of the " pip- s" of the Free
Kirk organ, as lull to the charge of the Witress paper. I
do not desire to enter into a discussion of the merits era de-
merits of eitbr r mtabllshment, but I should despise myrelt
if I allowed tie m •rives w led me to grant a site on my
I estate to the Fore Kirk to be attributed to sentireenrs and
principles such as tho-e with which it has pleased the hon.
mens. r to brand me. A Ser&Givan, The Lothians,
June 10.

REFORM MEETING AT EDINBURGH.
A meeting nf the el ewes of Edinhurah, enfled by
circular, woo held in the Chnmber of Commerce, on the
10th ,to consider the expediency of supporting Mr.
Iltior's proposed motion. Mr. W. Chambers having been
e a 1.4 to toe char, a ditenasion a owed on the subject he-
lore the meeting, by which it war made apparent that there
is in Editihurgh a hearty desire to repudiate the allega-
tion of Lord John Rue ell, as to a suspension of all public
into rat in reform, and also to support in its general bearing
the motion of Mr. Hume. It was the general wish that a public
ting in a' vocacy ot then vieweshould he held; but it being
r•lll,,l•R,ed that there was not now sufficient time to make the
proper arrangements, it was finally agreed that a petition to
p urging the necessity fir a reform in the repre-
seltstion,elinold be immt diately submitted for the signature
of the inhabitants. 1.. the COWS.) of the proceeding.,
vari-
spe..kers epricated any wisa to mate an unbecoming
u: irjerious ego+ uncut in the country, by getting up a chi-
molar or r• •4 ; but at the 'tame time exprresed their con-
r'cioo that teings c nild not oh, ioutily remain with safety in
prtsent ;emit on, and that romp die inct and tangible
s Lee, es*,•,i. ited to allay lust di,content and to correct
a matt abases, was desirable. The meeting, after fully
("maid, linty th • rie.tions involved, resolved an follows :
I. Thant), plan of reform generally, which Is to be proposed to
parli,mnat or the 2nth instant, by Joseph Plume, Eau., druerres
:se o all sioeere reform:l:Nand meets with the cordial nppro-
h.f.son• (this-meting. 2. as the early period at which the
m brnucht forwaid doce not admit of a-nutsements
m tir muding • politic meeting, and the mtwequent pre-
, ; ton emanating ihrrefnnii, a committee Mould now
.r. 04. nnrea peti.lon forthwith is support of Mr. Hump's
a. t 1. 41 proper step' for submitting it to the MUM-
for • V .1.

..ERTING Ot CHARTISTS.
i ,r'
tt with • resolution adopted by the chartists,
meetings simultaneously throughout the
, kitmontley, a meeting of that section of the
negst and Leith wee announced to be held
• • eve.ii,./, on Bruntsfield Links. Large plmerds
• 7tbe meeting having been extensively poe ted through
-• •• •• 1 • . mos. the tea{ S the matter