The Express.
London, England, 1849-05-16 00:00:00

awed prises of loot week. sad but little boalsoot tIZOMIOVIII
Fire3r she sod. mow so clutters. Wrest, sew. $49- to 411 k •
40t. Hoag, 27.. to ale Mts. 16t. tons. Duos:
3M, tote es
W. to 425. P.
31r. to 445. per qr. Irt..ar, 3641. to 36.. per
mot. Tom, to. MA* 10e. Ma; 7e. 641. to Ts. 941. por babel
_ _

0113011-BALIIIBCIT. May 13.—We bad a Mir 1
queatity **ad today; tee trade was mantling dell, and
easseely say sake s" elbetsd. Prime bad a downward
Sidra sold fronal4o. le 20s. ; Hall Coward, 40s. to
rekiri tlls, 625. to ;As ; rod SOatfelli. 40. to 64i. per cwt.
- -

CATTLE, &c. -- DEBBI' SMTISVILLD MASSIF,
May IL—The number of tat Beasts to-day was considerably
Ism Ilea has hem abate Christmas last ; higepics were
*eked for all sorts of Beef, and to 'deem btaised,
bat with great rietudanee ea the Part of punks-err. The
es* ef Sheep was geld, and excellent in quality, without
sap (,the mice. Fat and store Calves were *gain
*mind, Beef. 644. to 61. Mutter, 6d. to 6d. Veal, 4d.
to 6d. per lb. Last* 18s. to 11. 's-
laves/wok, May 16 —The supply of Beef, Mutton, and
Lamb was melt the suss as last week. The ded
dull ler Beef sad Iluttoe, at rather lower prime. Bat, 4410.
M 6td. Kenos, 6J. to 61d. Lamb, Ws. to 28e. 1,348
Besets sad 6,11611 Sheep at market.
NSWCASTLIE 021-TY,III. Mar 15.—The market, thczik
thinly supplied. war equal to the demand, and pricesa-
niseed last week's currencies. Beasts, inferior to prime. be.
to 6s. 61. Some prime Heifers broupht 6s. Sheep,
clipped, stone. Sheep,
dipped, 6d. ; wooled, 6d. per lb. rigs, from 6s. to 90.
per stoat.
SALSBURY, May 15.—The supply of Cattle this sondes
11111 short, thoseh neatly of a superior quality ; bat there
hw perdurers to the market, thin was quite onsegh
M supply immediate waste, sad a cleanses wee dhow&
The Jahn of ear last warted were well maintolued. Good
Oa Ora armed Pe. 6d to 10e. per score ; Cow and Heffer,
Sa. as Tcete was a slight Wang off in the number of
Illtsep, yetmaideraMy exceeded the wants of the buyers.
ilas sale was dull, bat prices were not hirer. Coons inferior
Nay sold 6d. persecond
toquality, b
9id.d. ; and South-
er/tree, 61st. Lambe are selling at 81. We bad a
mewl supply of Pigs, and the trade was animated. Dead
Fly are sang from 7, &L to 8.. per score. Cane were
lane in supp'y, with a fair Wide. Fat Veal is selling hos
6d. to 66.. per lb ; but small inferior Calves are selling from
Es. to 6s. each.

IMPEItLiL PARLIAMENT

HOUSE OF LORDIL—TVESDAY, MAY 15. ,
The Loan CIiANCILLOIL task his test at 6 o'clock.
PRIVATE BUSINESS.
SECOND READING. Esnaonmoor or Doddisgton
Firth District Drainage Act Amendment (to amend and ex-
MBA the powsn, to saner ether lands, to borvow mosey,
mad to lavy rates or tams) Bill.
PUBLIC BUSINESS.
PETITIONS PRESENTED.
AGRICULTURAL DIATRIAO.—Pigaricriorc—NAVIOLTIOX
Lews —By the Earl of STRADBROKE (l
26). from plsola
is Suffolk ; Lord STANLEY, trom several place*: lesed
UDR/MAUI, from Olford; the Rul of WI
(133). frent various places lewd SONDES, from teveNCHILSEA.raI
Maws in Rent; Earl of WARWICK, from the county of
Wareritk ; the Doke of RICHMOND, from ward plows;
oemplidaing of agricultural dieters, praying for protection,
Ice the repeal of the Malt Tax, sad against the eepeal dike
Navigatios Laws.
Pnovicitox or Won= Box.— By the Bishop of
CASHEL, several in favour of this bill.
Orags.—By the Bishop of NORWICH, from the Cor-
poration of Norwich, on the bubjeet of the administration of
stutentesary oaths.

RIOT IN CANADA.
lewd STANLEY said that, seeing the noble lord the Se-
* rotary of the Colonies in his plan, be wished to put a nes-
boa to him. The news from Canada wee of so f
csmidable
and alarming • character, that he felt it his duty not to lose
a moment in urertaising from her Majesty's government
whether they bad received any farther onnation than that
which had been coneeled to the public, and which he hoped
was exaggerated, and whether the government IMO prepared
to offer any esplauation of the state of affairs t xistiag in that
colony, where it would appear that the discontent which had
been produced by the measures of the government had at
Let broken oat into absolute disaffection and revolt. It ap-
peared that the parliament house of Canada, in Montreal,
had been consumed by fire; and at this moment it wee to be
apprehended that there wee nese, in thine provisoes, the
mat formidable of all wan—a Ir=r of races. (Rearjxle.
wished to inquire whether the government had any i
tion of the permit state of those uterine's. And be wadi
repeat the question which he bad put to the noble serf some
time slam, lamely, wtether, with regard to the particular
measure which had led to this outrap.., be bad given any
specific instructions as to the policy to be punned ? Be
armed beg to remind the noble earl and the government
that kr the consequences of that men ore, and the state of
Canada, it was not the Earl of Elitin, but her Majesty's
government, that must be held responsible, whether they
bad given instructions to the gevernor-general or loft him
without : he wished to enter into no disewsion now, but
confined Menetf en asking whether the Earl of Elgin had
acted without instructions from her Major y's government ;
and ia the next place, whether he had any esplanation to
offer of the state in which those moat valuable pomade= of

..---...-------"--- _
Attars few WOWS heft Lord BROUGHAM. the subject

log to provide it. Forme* acetate of things he saw no remedy
ripern extended system of emigration. The subject was now
for diacussion than when introduced by his noble friend,
the member for Falkirk, because the districts could be ex-
actly indicated fur which relief was required. There were
42 districts in which the rates did not exceed 3.. in the
pound. Fur them government lamination was unaecessary ;
but there were about 30 others in which distress
was not so general as in the west, but which would
soon be so if some remedy of that kind were
not tried. It might be said that emigration was already
going on on an ex•ended scale. Granted ; but that emigra-
tion was the contrary of loeneficial to Ireland. It consisted
of the middle classes, the employers of labour, who in leaving
only left the help ess more helpless than before. (Hear.) The
hoa. member proceeded to rue. some evidence taken before
which
em 'ration oommisaion of New York, the effect of which
was to give to the Irish emigrants a high character for good
unduer, industry, intelligence, and phjsical capabilities.
Fi ty thousand Irish had, during last year, landed at New
I York. but would it not have been better if the stream had
been directed towards our own colonies, *here they would
I have become consumers of our manufactures ? Looking at
statistical accounts, he fouad that the foreign consumption
of our manufactures wee—France Is. 61. per head, United
, States Sc. 9d., North American colonies 395., West ladies
675., and Australia 150 s. a had (Hear, hear.) It was
I therefore the interest of this country to promote colonial
I emigration, although to the Irish themselves it war a matter
lof small importance. In the United Stares there was a ready
'market for their labour, as there was no doubt that the
country could absorb all the emigrants we might send fur
many years. One gentleman with whom he was acquainted
had given him his decided opinion that the demand for
labour in the Stares would absorb half a million
emigrants a year. But amongst our own colonies per-
haps none was more worthy of attention in reference to the
subject of emigration than South Africa. There, bordering
upon the territory inhabited by the Kaffirs, were many
thousands of square miles of tae most fertile land in the
world, whereon cotton and indigo of the finest quality might
be raised in abundance. When the extant of our cotton
manufactures was considered, and it was recollected that at
present we were almost wholly dependent on the Southern
States of America for the raw material, the importance of
colonising this territory and making it the means
of protecting us from the failings from any cause of
our present source of 'supply might be gathered. Added to
this, by !eating a body of emigrants on these lands we should
have the means of protecting the colony against the
invasions of the Kaffir without the expense of main-
taining an army there. He would suggest that
the same principle of colonisation should be adopted
there as had been carried out with so much success in
S oath Australia, where between the years 1836 and 1846
25,000 emigrants had been sent out, and 500,0001. worth of
crown lands sold. The same number might be sent out to
the Cape by the same means—the sale of the crown lande—
d much less expense, and thus the calamity avoided of this
country being at some time unable to find employment for
the teeming populations of Lancashire and Yorkshire. With
regard to the means of promoting emigration from Ireland, he
proposed first that the several boards of guardians should
he authorised to borrow money on the security of the rates
—end secondly he proposed to enable the landed proprietors i
to rails loans for the same purpose on the security of their
estates—the money to be repaid by instalment, extending
over five or seven years. Some di t.culty might be ex-
perienced in obtaining the million or million and a half I
which would probably be required to carry out a system of
emieration in the way he sugorted in consequence of the
government having preferred the rate in aid bill to the income
tax; but in the rate in aid bill there was a provision for
ass'atiag emigration. If the sum set apart for that purpose
were capitalised with the understanding that at the expire-
' lion of the bill, there should be some additional
laborite placed on Ireland for defraying the interest and
principal, or the further sum which would be necessary,
during the whole of the five or seven year?, the difficulty
would be met and satisfaction given throughout Ireland.
Without some such measure as he had proposed there was
no chance of capital being attracted a Ireland. What was
required in Ireland was the improvemeat of her social condi-
tion. The., he believed, the plan he suggested would go far
to effect. lie left the matter in the hands of the govern-
ment and the house, and would conclude by moving an ad-
dress for copies of all despatch. a and instrucrions which had
passed between the Colonial-office and the British colonies of
North America, Australis, and South Africa on the subject
of emigration during the year 18489.
Mr. J. O'CONNELL moved u an amendment to substi-
tute the following:
That emigration is, at the best, a partial, tardy, and most expen-
sive remedy for the evils of Ireland; and that it hi more immediately
necessary at present to endeavour to cheek the Ibiastrous emigration
of the farmers and small capitalists of that country by giving them
security against wanton ejectment and loss of the fruits of tin ir in-
dustry and enterprise. rather than to stimulate their departure, or
that of the labourers who would be employed by them,if such security
were given. Butthst the most immediate and pressing object for this
house to invader is, the frightful moue s of starvation, disease , and
death, in Ireland ; the total baufacieney of local mauls, as well as of
any assistance now Winded by the stare to arrest that progress; and
the urgent necessity that exists for additional contributions from the
Oat. to save hundreds of thousands from perishing, and whole coun-
ties from being depopulated.
He considered that we great difficulty the hon. gentleman
would have to meet in carrying out his Van would be to
raise the funds. (Hear.) For his part, he did not think
they could take any number of the people of Ireland sod
transfer them to one of our distant colonies —of course
making tome kind of present provision for them on their
arrival—under 201. a bead. This for 100,000 emigrants
would amount to 2,000,0001. But suppose it could be done
for 1,500.0001 , tbe house prepared to advance that sum
ftr the purpose of sending 100,000 able-bodied labourers out
of Ireland ? If parliament was disposed to advance the money,
for better would it be to employ it in keeping the labourers and
farmers who would avail themselves of it at home to bring
the land into a better state of cultivation, and increase the
produce there. Then he objected to state emigration, as
interfering with voluntary emigration. With regard
to the paupers, they were not fit to emigrate—they were so
reduced be famine, that they were unlike human beings,
and realised Spenser's description—they were " walking
spectres, and crying ghats." The farmers wbo still pos-
sessed a little capital , were not anxious to emigrate, but
would be willing to spend that capital in the improvement
of their holdings, and the employment of labour, it they had
security of tenure. The mere announcement of the inten-
tion on the part of government to propose a measure for
defining and improving the relations between landlord and te-
nant would have en immediate beneficial effect in Ireland. His
hon. friend (Mr. Monsell) had quoted extracts to show the
MONA attending the efforts of Individual landlords in the
matter of emigration, but the old rule of not arguing from a
particular to a universal held good in the present case. Par-
tial instances of success no doubt existed, but it was not so
clear thatthe emigrants had been invariably prosperous in dis-
tant lands. He was ready to believe that there had been many
eases in which landlords had promoted emigration in a most
humane and ger mous spirit ; but still these were but partial
instances. His hon. friend had proposed no specific plan,
but wished to urge the project on the attention of the go-
vernment. The cost, however, of such a project would be
enormous ; and if the necessary sum could be had from the
public funds, it would be far better to spend it at home in
the beneficial employment of the population. After quoting
from the oft-repeated statistics of Irish distress, the honour-
able member went on to say, if the present poor-rates
I were insufficient to preserve life, how could the house hope
Ito raise an increased rate for purposes of emigration ? He
hoped they would not lull themselves with the hope that they
already done wonders in having made grants to save
life. He admitted they had done something, but they were
not released from further responsibility. They must adopt
other measures instantly. lie was precluded by the forme
from moving the appointment of a committee of the whole
house ; but unless they deliberately said that they would
carry out those accursed economic doctrines which men
calling themselves Christians have dared to utter in the face
of day, that the people of Ireland should be allowed to starve,
they ought to consider at once what measures ought to be
adopted, for what they had already done was fading, and the
ppeeople were perishing by wholesale. The Society of Friends
had depicted the state of the country generally in their
report. They had shown that class after class was
sinking, and that all dames would be swamped
in one common vortex. Something, then, ought
to be done to arrest this downward progress—something
which had not yet been tried—something which no land im-
provement bill could ever n itself effect. He alleged that
one single remedy would answer, and that a combina-
tion of remedies was necessary to meet the exigencies of the
case. He bad a remedy of his own, which was not by any
meaner, thoroughly revolutionary as these propounded by
the right hon. baronet the member for Tamworth and the
government. He contended that in the first place they bad
a right to demand that every man who derived an income
from the soil of Ireland ought to reside in that country to
discharge his duty by that soil. Absentees were like dilute
who deserted a ship or an army, and they ought
to be made to return home, at least for
a while, to support the poverty of the land,
and to take counsel for the people. Then, there
ought to be a measure to give security to the tenant fanner,
to encourage him to stay at home with his capital, to ex-
pend that capital on the soil, and thereby to give employ-
ment ; and after this measure was adopted, there was no
objection that the land improvement and drainage plan of
the hon. gentleman the Solicitor-General should be carried
out. Then, let a committee of the leading end most influen-
tial members of the house be delegated to go over to Ireland,
themselves to look into the condition of that country, to
examine into its state, to see with their eyes and hear with
their ears, and then to come back full of information, pre-
pared to legislate with a knowledge of the country and its
requirements. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. MOORE said it gave him great pain to see the
county of Limerick, which had sent the hon. member (Mr.
Idonsell) to propose the present motion, also sending the
bon. member (Mr. O'Connell) to counteract, to neutralise,
and to frustrate, the intentions of that resolution. lie felt
considerable embarrassment respecting the manner in
which he should treat the amendment, The only thing
to be considered was how the house could assist those
who were determined to emigrate. To adopt measures
for preventing ejectment with the view of thereby pre-
venting emigration would be as futile as to tell soldiers,
in order to prevent desertion in California, that desertion
would not incur dismissal from the army. If something
were not dons beyond out-door relief, they would only be
helping thousands on their journey to the grave.
Sir G. GREY said that the question brought forward by
the hon. member for Limerick was well deserv:ng of
the consideration of the house, and be should be ex-
tremely sorry that any thing should fall from him
tending to undervalue emigration from Ireland. There
were doubtless parts of Ireland where oongestions of the
population, to adopt the phrase of the hon. gentleman, might
be relieved without entering into the general minor details
of the question, because it was evidently impossible to dif-
fuse that excess of population over other districts. One of
the speediest remedies for that would be partial emigration,

thenes
i tehi
teyreoffi reLttNcoiamoto.hrthgooptutututgnAkhtmt.otafethrilithpeaceitriot: htsiouti..iudcohnoinutdvhleda.orivforii;tetddbhinteethhsiliem:nodpdff"ietttrt:witiboairse:.
whisk
emigration, and dealt ra:wthlnghuovunoeenofroeldilpt,tiiethis
sulmeessnfoenortatfa,ydtrihyeeerrinlerlutnuyeivth:g
rezatbhrwmtoit.ih portion
ne,pap
sesilit.hu
iahori..v
tanowhteheyreerpehwaloincil:.:emimirsoaregymnshberb::iiisfornonergont:h.:: county of Limerick, wbeirinia-
said that emigration, instead of benefiting Ireland, i Sew--
evils on that
ooldar
tocfuhiemtaheyers having capital. Last year, 260,000thaprthe. persons,ti nlc
1 prospect ee i t eif -az
re
those who embarked at Liverpool, nine-tenths of wheel
f
nees
least
ve
were
were Irish, might be said to have emigrated from Ireland •
andrhar i;e
nithelreland.
made
iTst
ibur
heyoteuiyotmonthsetudrtme ruices
state of disease, and without")
thatti
een future.e:ho hitg Thatn
as p
t rlo sufficedit
to
loydagni
g
less than 500,0001. had been remitted from Anew
by Irish emigrants, the produce of their industry, foe the
purpose of enabling friends they left after them in Inlaid
to follow. That form of emigration was perfectly unelles.
tionable, and, to some extent, directly nerved the centre,
because a good deal of the money so remitted was spent is
Ireland in fitting out the emigrating parties. The See
member for the city of Limerick stated the expense of wt.
grating per head at much beyond the mark. He (flit
Grey) thought he might safely divide the amount he mama
by 4, and say 51. a head. (Hear.) With regard to the precise
rotionofthe hon. member for the county of Limerick, that
increased power should be given to the burets of gelatine
is advance money out of the rates, or out of money borrowed
em the security of the rates, for the purposes of emigration,
I he could only enure the hon. gentleman that, on the part d
I the government, there existed every disposition to nein
such a proposition ; particularly as he understood that the
hon. gentleman stated, from his own knowledge, that penes
in Ireland were ready to advance money on the security d
the rates for promoting emigration. If, in the proms d
the amended Poor Law Bill, any proposal of that
kind could be embodied in the bill or engrafted on it,
the government would be prepared so to do. It was no new
proposal, and was, in fact, only an extension of rowen thee
were already in existence under 1 & 2 Vice, c. 28, by
which the commissioners of poor laws were enabled to
direct 'Lettings of ratepayers to consider the propriety d
raising the rate, not exceeding Is. on the valuation, far Wire
gestic's to British colonies; and also of 6 & 7 Viet., c 81,
tor assisting paupers and destitute persona to emigrate.
But those provisions were practically inoperative
for in 1848 only 27 persons emigrated under the Ink
and 67 under the second. If the hon. gentian,
with his experience and knowledge of the subject, could mg.
gest any practical amendment in the existing poor lee,
giving larger powers to the boards of guardians, he (Sir (i.
Grey) would ba happy to sea his intentions and wine
carried out. The difficulty would be in obtaining the
cessary security : but he could not coorent to a messere that •
, would be likely to divert any portion of the money to be ad-
' vaned by parliament for drainage and otter improvement
from those objects to that of emigrarioa; because Oar would
be withdrawn g it from a profitable application of it. The
hon. gentleman said that the responntility of the dine=
in Ireland rested upon parliament. lie (Sir G. Grey)
must protest against the doctrine of parliament being eel,
to prevent a famine arising from natural causes, or by say
sudden or single step to check its consequences. A hem
amount of money had beets advanced by the governmin
and by private contributors, by which a large amount tin
distress had been relieved ; but it was too much to neat
because misery, and starvation, and distress still existeshnt
money had been thrown away.
Mr. J. O'CONNELL.—I did not say that.
Sir G. GREY said the hon. gentleman certainly overland
the number of persons who had been relieved by thus
contributions, and called upon the government to make fec
ther advances. The government were still making adman
to alleviate the distress when it was severe, and were SWUM
vouriog, by. ether measures, to prevent it spreading, sag
provide against its recurrence. the right non. baron,
having referred to the exertions made in Ireland ern.
much SUOMI by the Society of Friends, expres.ed his rein
that an indisposition to follow their exarrp`e had been dun
in so many quarters, and his hope that all parties, hien
tributing to the extent of their means, would aid (min
an effort undoubtedly would aid) in greatly mitigating
thl
distress which unhappily continued to prevail its Wen
(Hear, hear.)
Mr. J. O'CONNELL said the right hon. baronet had .is.
understood him in supposing he had said th:d the mosey
contributed had been thrown away. Ile, on the contrary,
admitted it had done much good ; but he conceived it to he
wholly inadequate to the occasion.
Mr. E. B. ROCHE believed the propcsol of the hos.
gentleman (Mr. Moneell), as explained by the right hon.
baronet, to be a practical delusion. He was inclined 1)
think, with his hon. friend (Mr. O'Ceneell) that ha
expense of emigration would be 201. a head. They might
possibly find a few individuals who might be sent to cor
colonies forif they meant emigration t 3 b.: carried
on upon a large scale, so as to produce an effect upon the
present state of Ireland, then they must be prepared net
only to send them to the colonies, but have some amuse
merits made for them on their arrival. It would not suffice
to sweep the workhouses of Ireland and fling their contest
wholesale upon another country. In fact, to do ay
good, there must be colonisation as well as emigration.
With the landlords and farmers bankrupt and the pow
starving, what would be the benefit of any partial system of
emigration? Though the harvest prospects wets goodie
the south, the distress of the labouring population there en
greater than he ever remembered it ; the workhouses were
crowded, so that a frightful epidemic had broken out. lie-
lees some means were adopted to give employment to tha
able-bodied poor, Mr. Twill. ton's prophecy would bets)
filled, and the legislature would be a party to the ruin cis
great nation. One thing recommended an the amendment,
the security of tenure, was absolutely necessary. (Hear,
hear.) Much was said of the want of capital in Ireland;
and no wonder, when there was no security of
tenure. (Hear.) Though the landlords were now preen&
to do their duty, they bad neglected it heretoftre by re
solving in a body not to give lessee to catholic tenant.
(Heir, hear.) The only class now in Ireland who had espied
was the working farmers. Give them recurity, and inns
them to lay out their capital on the land, atbey maid)
much, though not all, fir the welfare of the couetry.
A message from the Lords here brought down the run
of the proceedings in the cue of Mr. B. O'Brien and others.
Mr. F. O'CONNOR said the proposition of the befi
member for Limerick very much reminded bite of the prat.
tics adopted by some persons to get rid of an old dog—
that of sending him oat to get lost. Last year he
had foretold the deficient harvest, and said that
Canada would be lost. The one prediction had been verified,
the other was on the eve of fulfilment ; and it Ireland wen
lost too, it would be the fault of the English and Irish bade
lords. After musing coercion bills, and taking away theist
remnant of the constitution, could they suppose the people
would lie down and die ? It would be well it Inlander
not lout to this country within a twelvemonth. He wen
tell the manufacturers that Ireland might have been ludo
a better customer than all our colonies put togethre;
but the landlords, and the government by penile
ling them to do so, had destroyed her both se a
consumer and a producer. The present degradable
of Ireland was owing, more than anything else, to that fetal
seyxsotietmemoefot
.agitationtthoowt hdichitehotiadogkepat thtoe
anycou
(Hear,l
lwoow l ad bha an a rt
e4)do.
impossible
roe.
foria ra! °
them
He
It he
a totthatp
wouldto tonne
preserve
nt e l
Ireland,nminister' country
valuable
agitationi atodthat°tatal'idise4.
cult to preserve England, amidst the storms and man
prevailing in every country of Europe, if they did not trend
the landlords to do their duty to the people. It was mi-
streats to see such men coming down end opposing a rats it
aid, when they would not stir one step in a right Brats
for relieving the distresses of the country. (Hear.) Irona
had been, might be, and yet would be a great country; bet
not under the rule of her present landlords. Were ander
compelled to do their duty there would be mtrek
less of complaint. He regretted that the rate
in aid, which he had supported in every stage, had not bees
five shillings, instead of sixpence ; that would have been asap
towards compelling the landlords to do their duty. Ilea"
anticipate much benefit from the Incumbered Estates Bill,
for neither the landlords nor the mortgagees would context

to s
Bir J
ell..
Yown accou U,
hrd
plain! jothwedh.ovni.rygtehnit.l,eamthana, abledorocedingunra bf 4
the last four yean ; but if he were a prophet, he had Cll.
tainly never been believed in his own country. flought°l2
He (Bir John) denied that the evils of Ireland were at
attributable to free trade ; instead of an injury, it had been
a great teneflt to Ireland, more than to any other part of tbs
empire. (Hear, bear.) Nevertheless, the county he
represented (Cavan) was in a state of the goes
distress; but this was mainly attributable to the
loss of the potato, many of the farmers having lot
three-fourths of their produce. The evil had been acre-
voted by the commercial depresaion in this country, and bf
the disturbed state of the continent. The distress of Cana
had not been caused by the poor laws; the rates, varying
from 3s. to 45., had been paid ; and the buen was not very
heavy. The proportion of agricultural labourers throughout
ths county was os one to every nine acres, and as one to
seven in some distzicts, while in England it was as one to
every 33 cultivated acres. Now,. though he believed that
the landlords generally were anxious to give employment to
the people, so as to prevent them from going into the work-
house, it was totally out of their power to do so, the number
of labourers being so great in proportion to the means of
giving them employment. They therefore looked to emigra-
tion as the best, the surest and almost the only resource is
the present condition of Ireland. He had confidence in
the energies of the people of Ireland. Ile thought Out
education should he promoted by all means, that they should
elevate the moral standard of the jeople, that they should
leave industry free and unfettered. (Hear, hear.) By these
means, he was perfectly confident, the people ef Ireland
would right themselves sooner, and better, and more effec-
tually, than could be done through the interpositionof either
landlords or the government. (Cheers.)
r Mr. SCULLY considered that emigration was a unless
measure for Ireland as long as so much unproductive land
remained at home which was capable of being brought into

cultivation.
Mr. BOURNE believed that the question of emigration
was of paramount importance to the people of Irelsnd. It
was a mistake to suppose that the boards ot guardians would
not be able to raise money on the security of them of
e rates
for the purpose of promoting emigration. kits e xper
parties who bad money to lend was quite the contrary. It
memed surprising to him that there should be such disparity
in the statements respecting the cost of emigration. Ile be-
lieved that the emigration from Ireland had cost under 51.
a head, and that the noble lord, ~the Secretary for Foreign