The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-29 00:00:00

the ergirtoo.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The nigh for the British North America and the United
States will be made up on the everting of Aug. 31.
The West Italia pleas, including Bermuda, If wanes,
Num, Mondani, New Orleans, and Keaton, and excluding
those for Madeira, St. Juan-de-Nicaragua, New Granada,
Chili, and Peru, will be made up on Sept. 2.
The mails far Madeira, the Snails, and Buenos Ayres,
will be made up on Sept. 4.
The it/hairs Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt,
Caylts, Hocriong, ie., will be made up oa
the evening of silt. 7.
The mails Wei igo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made up en the morning of Sept. 7.
The mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands,
bEgypt! Cs, lon, Inir.s, and China, via Southampton, will
~be mada up on the morning of Sept. 20.

AMU WATER AT LONDON ERTDOR.
Tun DATash& 43 =la put lu. Aftenbece. al ads. pre 11.
To-roam. --Mlduralft,llll•lta. past 11 ; Aftessega, OW. past O.

INDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29.

THE general belief throughout the continent is,
that the Hungarian general surrendered with his
army to PA.snlzwercu on a pledge being given by
the Russian commander that his master, the Czar,
would guarantee the independence of Hungary..
Should this be the explication of the tnigma—and it
is
a very natural one, for the Hargarians, in disgust
of Austria, have latterly been not unwilling to fling
themselves into the arms of Russia—then will this
power have achieved a wry great stride towards ttat
universal empire, wielded either de facto or by influ-
ence, which NAPOLEON foretold to Europe. Such a
conclusion of the war places Hungary in the same posi-
tion with the other Danubian rrincipallties, which re-
main each of them under the nominal sovereignty of one
power, but under the real suzerainty of another.
Wallachia and Moldavia Wong to the Porte, yet we
have seen in this campaign Russia treating them alto•
getber as her own provinces, cccnpying them, and
making use of their men and money towards the te-
duction of Hungary. Servia some time since has
passed from looking in any way to Austria, and to a
total dependance on Russia. And Hungary may now
be considered another of those Danubian principalities
whom independence Russ:a guarantees. If the Hun-
garians have any cause to complain of Austria, it is
to Russia they have to look for support. And rro-
aided the Hungarians forswear liberalism, they will

get this support.
Every ens is aware of the strong tendency of the
GaDimas to effe.t the Lame transference of their
hopes, their sovereignty, or their pmts aerate to Rue-
sia. The Russian troops and officers have of late
been welcomed in Cracow: and the Cr tcovians Lave
taken part with theme 'Russian soldiers iu their many
land serious quarrels with the Austrian commander.
That a large number of the Poke themeelves are re-
lapsing under the lame despair of recovering their
own nationality, and that they look to attaining this
henceforth rather by a reconciliation with, and
adhesion to Russia than by cherishing vain lnpes
in the sympathies of the west of Europe—this also
is well known. So that Russia has played a deep, a
politic, and a successful game, whilst Austria lute
played a suicidal one, giving up her best province to
that enemy which has most in its power to absorb i:.
As to an Hungarian or a Danubian respecting
Austria, or looking upon it with any feelings save
those of aversion and contempt, that surely is hop,
less. The Mute of LORRAINE has ceased to reign in
the hearts of any one of its subject races. Abhorred
by the Italians; contemned by the Hungarians; mis-
trusted by the Bohemians ; the wholesale murder of
their nobility by the orders of METTERNICH being
still alive in the breasts of the Gallicians, whilst all
that is German in Austria waits but the first oppor-
tunity to throw off its degrading and dishonourable
yoke ; what is Austria in the rank of nations, or
how does its dynasty subsist except in name ?
But indeed of Austria it will be henceforth useless
to speculate or to speak. It is now blotted from the
list of the independent natione, the result indeed not
more of the incapacity and treachery, and bloodthirsti-
ness of its mentiond its statemen, than of the unna-
tural agglof people under its sway, and the
utterly false and insupportable basis on which blind
chance and stupid bargaining put together such a
heterogeneous monster of an empire.
It remains now to be eeen what use Russia will
make of her undoubted and incalculable triumph.
Will the Czar wisely confine himself to the building
up, surrounding, completing and establishing that
great Sclavonic empire, which once seemed reserved
for Austria, but which it has thrown away ? Or will
Russia, buoyed up by BUCCellf, put forward Austria
as a tool to works re-action in Germany ?
Reaction there is, no doubt, already in that dis-
tracted land. But still the movements of 1848 have
left a great many benefits and free habits in Ger-
many, on the preserving of which depends its pre,eet
development and fuluas greatness. The liberty of
the press, for example, still exists in Germany to a
very great degree. A Berlin journal can, at this
moment, give utterance to sentiments which would
cause the instant suppression of a Paris print. The
Prussians may call the present chambers sitting
in Berlin the parliament of the minority,
whilst a French editor durst not tell M. BARROT
that be had broken the coneitution. Truth may be
told in the German press, whilst nothing but falsehood
is tolerated in the Parisian. Will the Emperor
NICHOLAS bear this development of free opinion at
his very door ? It is known that, to preserve his em-
pire from its effects, he has hermetically sealed the
frontier, forbidden any Russian to stir from home,
and forbidden every foreigner to visit Russia. How
Russian nobles bear to be thus consigned to the nur-
sery, and treated like big children, as
they are, we find it difficult to imagine.
But so it is. The Emperor sees Germany inundated
by a kind of political heresy, and it is to be feared
that his first step will be to try and prohibit it. He
will put forward Austria's claim to be the prominent
German state, and is its tame demand the restora-
tion of that old system of the German diet, in which
the envoys of courts met and decided on the dearest
interests and liberties of the German people.
Should the Emperor NICHOLAS enter upon such a
crusade as this, he will find it a much more serious
undertaking than even an Hungarian war. We are by
no means certain that he will be so foolish ; for
we are confident that it would merely tend to the
consolidation of German liberties. The Germans are
now divided, utterly divided, which constitutes the
weakness of the national or liberal cause. But let it
be plain that the Russians march to the attack of
German liberties, and then there will be one standard
and one opinion to rally to throughout the country;
and a war of opinion will commence, for the result of
which we will tack the liberal ideas and wishes of the
Germans, against all the legions of Russia., with the
Croats and the court 'tableau to help them.

Tax select committee appointed last session by the
House of Commons to inquire into the state of our
public libraries and into the best mode of improving
and multiplying those institutions, have made their
report. It is a plain, succinct, and matter.of-fact
doessnent—little more, in fact, than an epitome of
ties chief topics adverted to in the evidence. We can-
na lay that we re:ognise in the list of witnesses all
visas we expected to find there. We should have
desired somewhat more of diversity both in meet and
intellectual condition; and upon the wants of a realm
so dissimilar as those of the United 'Kingdom confes-
sedly are, we should have wished to learn something
more of the desires and deficiencies of the remoter and
Illeas favoured lccalities, though we grudge not consi-
duration devoted to details of metropolitan establish-
ments and to the general contrasts which the testi-
mony of foreigners enables us to draw with the na-
il timal provision made by oar neighbours for the
Incision of taste and knowledge.
On the hat-named topic the evidence given by
M. °vizor, M. VAN DE WET ER, and M.
LIND, regarding the public libraries of France,
Belgium, and Italy, is fall of interest and instruction.
We are thus reminded of the fact that while London,
with all its boasted wealth and intelligence, possesses
but one collection of books worthy of the name which
is publicly accessible for the purposes of study, Paris
contains no leas than seven, open to all classes at all
hours of the day and at all seasons of the year. &ill
more humiliating is the comparison with the less
populous and affluent capitals of Europe. Flo-
rence rejoices in no fewer than six open libraries,
Dresden in four, Vienna and Copenhagen each possess
three, while Brussels, Berlin, Munich and Milan
are respectively endowed with two. Nor does a more
general comparison redound more to our credit.
Scotland may indeed be said to be better provided