The Express.
London, England, 1853-03-05 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 5, 1853.

Society, WoridagenaModiewase blifehrldrere, mid 'Cadbury r#f tie 'overstress% cue, namely, the right of self-govern-
Isstitution ; playlets for a supply of. mint as vested in the colonists, and he found that this
Oct).* rinNY POSTAOI.—By Mr. U. VIVIAN,.frem principle was violated in the second clause of the
.tie isbabitasts eiTraro, is favour of. bid. The sewed clause declared that it should not
Tans FACTOIe Acr.—By Lord GODERICH, from the be lawful for the parliament in Canada to vie-
' inhebitants of Hyde, in the meaty of 'Cheats, for the late the rights of individuals. He had heard of straining
L amendment of. at a gnat and swallowing a camel, and here was a can
Atroterm GAter.—By Lard C. HAMILTON, from in which the plunder of the church was coolly determined
r, 'ivied by 467 inhabitants; Mr. EOBBOLD, from es, while a fastidious care was shown for the 'atoneable
Great Beatings. Little Beatings, and Playford, Suffolk ; stipends of individuals. In his mind this was a gross per-
ils'. KINNAIRD, from free eburth congregation at version of the sense of justice. (Hear, hear.) But for the
Ardeonaig, Breadalbuie, county Perth • Lord STAF- principle of self.government no cabinet had shown greater
FORD, from the free 'Aunt% of Farr, county Sutherland; favour than that of Lord Derby, a principle which, bew-
ailed from the free church of Tongue, in the same county ; ever, bad bees repeatedly violated by the government
gaud. of which the 'noble lord had been the head. He
Soar Dereths.—By Mr. WICKHAM, has Bradford, had shows that the argument with !regard to self
Yorkshire, for the repeal of. government did sot fair apply in the present ease—
Fuselage Einceoas.—By Mr. G. DUFFY, from the as that must always be a suby ject for imperial consideeation,
aldermen, town councillors, burgesses, and ratepayers of sad that there were imperial considerations of the gravest
the north city ward, in the city of Dublin, praying that the nature which interfered against the concession of the de-
electoral franchise bestowed upon a class of electors known mend of the colonial legislature, was equally true. He
as " freemen," may be abolished. would now ask the house to turn its attention to the policy
SCOTCH UNITIRSITY TlBlll.—By Sir J. ANDERSON, of the question; and the first point he would urge upon
from the South United Presbyterian Church of Laugholm, the house, in connection with this part of the subject, was
against, this—that if the protestant people of Upper Canada, instead
ATTORNIER. Cerrineave Der x.—By Mr. BAINES, of being, as they had been, as loyal as any people under the
from Leeds, for the repeal of. domioioa of the crows of Great Britain—(hear, hear)—
Seamen' Comes BILL.—By Mr. A. HASTIE, from had forfeited their allegiance and annexed themselves to the
the Chamber of Commerce, Glasgow, praying that the United States, this endowment would have bee& remested.
Sheriff Courts Bill (Scotland), be referred to a select con (Opposition cheers.) This was, he thou a pus and
mittee. serious consideration. (Hear, bear.) A %titan
COUNTY COURTS.—By Mr. WEST, from the town and in his pamphlet stated two cams in the states of New York
neighbourhood of Ruthin, for the extension of. and Vermont, in which endowments made before the rove-
liarntlieNTATlON Or Till LONDON CNIVIZIIITT.—By lutiOn were respected by the United States. He had coma
Capt. SCOBELL, from Shut= Mullett, in favour of. municated with an American gentleman now in London
THE WATERFORD ELECTION PETITION. (whose name he was prepared to mention privately to the
Mr. W. 0. STANLEY reported that the select corn. noble lord or any other hon. member, and whose authority
mittee en this petition had determined that John Esmonde, would be at once admitted), and asked him whether, in the
Esq., was duly elected member for the county of Water- event of Canada being annexed to the United States, its
ford, and that the committee had alteredthe poll by strikieg protestant endowments would be respected. The answer
off three amnia. he received was, " You may rely upon it, that if Canada
7 HE AUSTRALIAN MAIL. were annexed to the United States, these endowments would
(Opposition cheering,) Then be
Sir DE L. EVANS wished to put to the Secretary of the _,,be,edrig.i,dl, g "%Peeled."
the United States legislature should seise
Ticasury a question, of which he bad given him notice on ".
the prOper,o,ty.ppose
t. what, then, would be the result?"
Supreme The re-
the previous day. It had been stated that many of the is the States legislature did so the
letters in the mail bags of the Austrelia had been almost ply was,
wouldoverrule the seizure, and restore' the property."
destroyed by water ; and as numbers of persons interested Court
wu
were anxious to learn whether or not it was necossaiy to !roan the.) . . right hon. baronet then read a letter
individual referred to, in which he gave his
write again, he wished to know whether the hon. guide-
opinion in detail, to the same effect, and quoting a case in
man could give any information for their guidance.
point, that of Dartmouthi College, New Hampshire, in
Mr. J. WILSON said he :had sent for the necessary in-
wt:i
which was n it deeded that the charter gran to that insti-
ferantion, but he was sorry to say he had net yet received
t on by the British crown, in 1769, was not dissolved by
is. Perhaps the hon. gentleman would repeat his question
the revolution, and that an act of the United States legisla
in Monday. ture, varying the conditions of that charter, was void. He
THE STRANGERS' GALLERY. would not stop to inquire whether the house did not see in
Mr. MUNTZ gave notice that on the Bth of March he the agitation on the question the first fruits of the policy
would move for a select committee to inquire whether or of nutting the two provinces, contrary to the opinions of
not reporters and strangers generally might not without in- Pitt and of Burke, and more recently of the late Duke of
convenience be allowed to remain in the house during diva- Wellington ; but ho would ask them to recollect the loyalty
sieges except on special occasions. and devotion to the British crown, which had always
Oa the motion of kit. Turret', the following return marked the conduct of the Upper Canadians—from the
wee ordered :—Return of the number of loads of English period when, after the rupture between the horn. govern.
ask timber contracted for by the Admiralty in each year '—
meet and the United States, they abandoned their
hoes the let day of January, 1840, to the Ist day of Jana- homes to settle in that colony, in order to re-
lay, 1853, the price at which each load was contracted for, main under the dominion of England. (Hear, hear.)
end the name of the parties with whom the &went contracts He would ask them to recollect how almost immediately
were made. after they had risked their blood and their property in
IMPROVEMENT OF SEWERAGE. aiding in the quelling of the rebellion of 1828 their wishes
Mr. BUTLER, in pursuance of notice, asked the Seen- and interests were disregarded. Their objections to the
Wry of State for the Home Department whether it was the union were known—it was known that they regarded it es •
intention of her Majesty's government to introduce any measure which would bind them at the feet o a majority
measure for the appointment of local commissioners of which differed from them in laws, language, and religion.
sewers by the ratepayers of the metropolis, and whether it This was the first blow that the loyal feelings of the Upper
wee the intention of her Majesty's government to introduce Canadians received. The next was the Rebellion Lowe
eaqq Measure for the purpose of enabling the present corn- Bill. Without inquiring into the policy which justified the
rieMen of sewers to borrow money on the security of the Canadian parliament in passing that bill, or the home go-
Mee ? vernment in assenting to'it, the noble lord could not but be
Timpani PALMERSTON said the course which he aware that If ever there was a measure which wounded the
the recommend the house to pursue upon that very im- feelings and shocked the loyalty of the loyal inhabitants of
partial matter would depend very much upon the result of tae Upper Province, it was that. (Hear.) He should be
ea undertaking which was pleased by a private company. slow to believe that the loyalty of any large portion of
There was an association of capitalists, who had either thou inhabitants was shaken by that measure, but
brought or intended to bring, into that house a bill to en- they knew that there were some who began then
able them to construct two great arterial sewers under the for the first time to talk of "annexation.' (Hear,
Isom "Wining at some distance above, and ending at bear.) Well, was it worth while for the noble
ace Miaow below, London, one on each side of the lord again to wound the feelings of that loyal popula-
Thames, which they intended to construct out of their own time and that, too, in their tenderest part ? Was it wise,
funds as a commercial speculation. If that project shout% in utter disregard of the most solemn obligations and of na-
bs approved by parliament, and carried into execution, it tional faith, to assail the religion they loved and to deprive
would obviously render unnecessary any loan by the Com- it of that support which the &menet legislature had so-
isissioners of Sewers for the purpose of constructing any tensely guaranteed ? He knew the answer which, though
great general system ; and the decision with regard to it might not be expressed, was lurking in the minds of mt-
what he might gall the draining sewers would depend very ulster'. " Canada was strong," they would say, " and we
mach upon thermal of this undertaking. cannot refuse her ; we did not mind refusing the demands
THE MAILILYBOM LONDON TO DUBLIN. of New Brunswick sad Nova Scotia, but we have made
Mr. It IFLENCIE *eked the Secretary to the Treasury Canada strong by uniting the two provinces, the majority
Hag were In Wildemplation to shorten the of the united legislature demand this concession, and there-
.= 61 Iha Mae= of snails from London to Dub- fore it must be made." This he believed to be the real
11, mad i WlSSollffileffiells had been received from par- principle that was at work. Such was his view of the policy
Ifine new e la thee duty ?
let
of the act. ("Hear, hear," and " ob.") Let him now
?lit. J. W mil be was not aware that any cons- call attention to what would, in all probability, be the effect
Mateleatioa bell Sae to the Treasury on the subject of the act. In the first place, he must do justice to the
apestal coseleigiffildhon between Dublin and !Anion by efforts of the church of England in Canada. (Hear, hear.)
Ma parties abeam had the contract, but there had been The efforts of that church depended not on
a esmitunicaffiew mode by another steam packet company, this fund, which was distributed on the prin.
ariticiaing the prommt arrangements, without making soy ciple of aiding its exertions. In the populated and more
distinct proposities. The Postmaster-General was quite wealthy districts that principle held good, but in those parts
alive to the antes sisable time now occupied in conveying which were only beginning to be reclaimed, where the
ilieskaie, solitlister was under consideration.t population was scant and widely muttered, the preaching
Mr. H. B=T gave notice that he should, on Mon. of the Gospel was necessarily left to missionaries, who
day next, move he • copy of a letter dated the 31st of were entirely dependent on the fund which this bill would
Januarys 1863, Orem the secretary of the City of Dublin place in danger. (Hear, hear.) In the lower province,
items Pneket y to Sir C. Trevelyan relative to a too, where the church of England was poor, and surrounded
= he Ile vement of postal itommunication by Roman catholicism in all its wealth, the =internam, of
Ours°
Lochs-gad üblin. the ministry mainly depended on these reserves. (Hear.)
CONVOCATION. With mud to the lower province, there were two grounds
on whia he thought the Roman catholic Inhabitants there
Lewd J. RUSSELL said—ln answering the question
npuidi was pot toms yesterday by the riahaaa, gentleman moat be indisposed towards this bill. First, as Christians
prolkeehog the SIM great general principles of Christianity
*e member for Droitwich (Sir I. Pakingtos), I have to
a stare awl f as thelegleat brethren he could not believe that they,
la i
elate that the pion of eauvesedea is totally different
ea they were with wealth, and having a name
frees geseepalea of parliament. surrounded
Is is the asst of tbe mobilo,► Mrs his the same effect as roue priesthood imply provided for, would desire to deprive
an inionsnmws. ice Iwo, dam is an sash sana
,I believe, their fellow-Christians of the upper province of the compa-
es " milienswelelet" Mews le savesatiom ma the adjourn• ratively small provision which had been made for them.
sea* bee deep ahem the Sore and ems of a prorogation. !it sheer
thattood flu: in this wweraymitat:rthel hbeoel.chgentlilemeaunawdeifo-
gieswat% deul= sliisidthislise i vary (Viaratai, rti cheered it coasidered it consistent with his duty to trust to
Ms et s seimitt,,,, th, is, awn of the good feeling and justice of the Roman esthetics for the
:itias
*moo boo *mid seven', if act wa„, ieseswese eg protection of the protestant endowment. (Hear, bear.)
ismemNs sa.. wedsogeve is the de panassadan. Bat they had no right to allow a motion so important to
!lust_ dmiTiZie be so dodo es to the et do rest on such a foundation. They could not tell what ex-
be the mom hose et eoa i weed citement, what party or religious influence, might arise,
badd dog it is ean-iks hawks of we wiesty,e go. and what might be the consequence. And it was the more
iementent to take any measures as the sliest. necessary to guard against such influents@ when they had
before them the fact that in some of the late divisions in the
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Canadian Le re the question in favour of the bill was
Mr. BRIGHT gave settee that ea Monday he would ask actually by the Roman catholic members. (No,
whether it were true, as reported, that the goveratneut in- no.) -Yes, a reference to the papers would show
loaded to bring in a bill for the permanent gornrument. of that on the first division the number of Ro-
byn*. before the committee enludass affairbua sowsisussd man catholic. in the majority actually exceeded the
Its inquiries. amount of the majority—and in a subsequent division
ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE though the amber of Roman catholic* who voted for the
Oa the raotioa of Mr. J. WILSON, It was agreed that the measure was not sufficient to form the majority, still their
boss, at its rising, should adjourn to Monday next. votes tended materially to swell It. (Hear, bear.) The
CLERGY RESERVES (CANADA) BILL. sewed ground why he did not believe the Roman catholic
Oa the order of the day for the second reading of this iababileals la Cleasda were reedy to unction the bill was,
bill, that if *ay AK it was possible their own endowments
Sir J. PAKINGTON said he had sees petitions to pre- might lereefas he aseelled. (Hear, hear.) Looking at past
mat egg the bill fres Canada. There were 65 petitions sillabilostr be would warn the house against sowing the
Ibis byterian eassmiaties, with upwards of 8,000 Nide of Met Miens struggle which mast he feared be
tand there cos else signed by the bishop and the swealt of this bill. The moment it pared, the hostility
Zirsitsi T ameato, aid seadaer from about 6,000 of the la- would seumeam, and in all probability the sacrifice of the
habitants. Roman eatkedie would follow that of the protestant endow-
The were wawa le he laid oa the table. meat. Per the sake of religious peace, then, he hoped the
dig i mud gramma e patties dor bill he. hoes would net enema to the measure, but that they
do sow do the prowl,. if the in lents weabilsereed to the aal made to them in the petition
Parte. The pelidesore dianigigig ea preseelad Hat evening by bishop. friend Sir R. Inglis from
=d Vialativss 31. °I
lig*" in
ada,hrowspperrst.teorftigdrettt.
ntforeign,pagsd.
May Woad to peaks whist the passim, of No Use Sinn
amasses whisk wield deg** the protestant clergy in he (Sir J. Pakingtos) adopted it in its every word and in
Omsk ef the podia villa they now mused by law, every pertof its aseudag. He had approached this subject
grade iii cos made le ;stater. with the clergy of in no spirit but that of peace, and be would gladly commit
the eland et the interests of this property to the colonial government, if
The petition was laid en the table, some security were taken for its proper administration ; but
sic j-, phigtweeroN thee Kee, in pursuance of twice, if the noble lord forced on this bill in its present form and
to mae that the bill be reed a Neese time that day six abandoned the sacred trust created by the act of 1840, he
meads. After some referees,' to the lag debate on the (Bir J. Pakington) had no alternative but to resist it to the
surest, be said—The broad pried le sow at issue utmost and denounce it as a most unrighteous ma-
mas, religions endowment or eeedirbatles. (Hear, sore. (Chests.)
hear.) He would gladly abandon °prodder' If he Sir W. MOLESWORTH said he quite agreed with the
saw an hope of obtaining any security for the former right lion. baronet in deprecating the making this question
pried e, but, as accordingto the forms of the hens, the a party question; for the bill now before the house raised
seeon reading was decisive of the character of a bill, be two vital questions—firstly, with regard to the foadsznen-
had no alternative bat to resist the present bill as it stood, tal principle of the colonial polls of the British govern-
end give his strenuous *prestige& to the second read- suet, whether all questions affecting the interests of the
ing. (Hear.) The issue, which was a narrow one, colonies should be dealt with by local legislatures. In hie
wee elinply this. He was prepared to contend that these (Sir W. Moleeworth's) opinion, that should be the axiom en
endowments had been appropriated by successive govern- which the colonial policy of this country should be founded,
laleats and bs a aimarive parliaments to the support of the and he believed that a strict adhereace to that principle
protestant sae* in Canada—the worship of God in that would tend to the consolidation of our colonial possessions.
esuatry, osooreite to the protestant form; that that asp- If that principle was a sound one, the next question was
proprieties was abaft developed and confirmed by the act whether the rule should be applied to the greatest of the
ef
1840, and tisk it was not within the power of govern- colonies of England with reference to the clergy reserves in
seater parigesst to depart hen the arrangement of that Canada. The right hon. baronet did not appear to see the
year, without lowish of tMeatiewel faith, and, he was sorry object of the bill, which was to enable the colonial legio-
n edd,
_without the eaueshelea a aatioual sin. (Cheers.) lature to deal with the clergy reserves irrespective of the
He believed the mile Led did not deny the solemnity of mode and manner of dealing with them. It was not a
the gesteetese eat bed ben given but urged that con- question for that house whether or not the colonial legis-
sideretime ansostrolldeelf-government for the natureought to maintain or secularise the clergy
etendee mor-rode any feeling as to the fitness reserves,—and the greater part of the speech of
of the est sew eattempkted. That be believed was the the right hon. baronet was applied to tM mode
wide% tithe eoveromat, end it should be his duty to and manner in which the colonial legislature if it poetised
Seer that ea important as was this principle of self govern- the power ought to use it. The right hon. baronet bad
meet, it did not apply to the case immediately before the admitted in his peech, and in his despatches, that the rule
lean He now came to the real question, in which he (Sir W. Molesworth) bad laid down was sound,
opening which it would not be necessary to go and also that the endowments in Canada were local in their
at Magda iato the history of the matter. The nature, but he said that the clergy rewires wen exceptional
Nava* leek plan Ia 1760, and in 1774 the first act and should be dealt with as if they were sot local. The
iTsgmg, wrier which the rights of the Roman catholic right hon. baronet had assigned various reasons for this,
p wen reserved, and at the same time it pleased but which might all be reduced to two, firstly, that the
Clileat great similar rights to the protestant church. clergy reserves in Upper Canada was a protestant question,
to
rrangenteat lasted until 1791, when the 31 Geo. 111. and secondly that the act of 1840 was a final settlement of
wee passed, by which in lien of tithes the reserves were that question. The right hoe. baronet bad asserted that
approprated to the maintenance of the protestant church the clergy reserves was essentially an Upper Canada quc.-
is Canada. The next set was that of 1827, allowing the re- tan, that the people of that province were nearly
was to be said, and amine years after the Upper Province— equally divided upon it, and that the majority
al ad be Unseasoned, this was an Upper Canadiaa question— of the legislature in Canada which carried a mos-
eneepted the arrangement as it stood at present, until the sure similar to the present bill was composed of
Motile, of 1838 broke out, after which the de- Roman catholics, whose religion was munificently and
ire of the government for the union of the amply endowed. The right hon. baronet laid great strew
two provinces became known, and it was felt that on that point, but his statement was not altogether correct.
it would be necessary to settle this question. In 1837 the The endowments were not strictly the property of the
Canadian legislature paned an:act vesting the management Roman catholic clergy, or of the oman catholic church,
of the reservesin the governmeat of this country, and in but were applicable chiefly to educational purposes and
1840 the act of the noble lord passed, but in none of them to the conversion of the Indians. They were obtained
was there any attempt at secularisation. The property was chiefly by means of bequest and purchase, and the only
divided for religious purposes between the churches of portion which was granted by the French crown was se-
England and Scotland, and a small remainder was given cured to them by the treaty of Montreal ; but there was no
to the government for secular purposes. For then reasons provision for them in the treaty of 1779, although they
he opposed what he must consider a tyrannical abuse of were provided for in the Quebec Trust Act. The Roman
power, namely the appropriation of these lends to any but catholic clergy were now supported by tithes and dues, but
religious purposes. lie now turned to the strong point those tithes partook more of the character of to.

tauter, untributleme Ise a• on. in Lower Ca- they were traded upon by political iturigio
nada paid tithes unless he was a Roman catholic, feeling upon the question only indicated' temporary o
elo.-16
and if he sold hie land to a protestant the tithes were lost. In meat, and that the substantial sense of the people dOOO-.L"
the Quebec' Trust Act it was provided that all religions was entirely opposed to the views and wishes of these
per
Ishould be paid by tithes levied on those of their own per- sons. He could not conceive any higher authority oleo
elusion. In Lower Canada such tithes had been paid, that of his hon. friend, on a questiou of personal tet'
bat they never had been paid in Upper Canada, either by but he warned the house how they
vas by the Uncsn.iii:'
Roman catholbes or pretestauts, and the Roman catholics, toted organs of public opinion, for the vague reports 70°-
who mesa numerous sect in Canada, never had tithes ap- veyed by passengers in their pas-age through a country,
portioned to them, or any statutory provision for their (Hear, hear.) Amongst the many advantages of establis[i..
clergy. The colonial legislature, under the constitutional log free governments in our colonies was this, that when
acts of 1751 and 1840, had the power to do away with tithes, our colonies were not endowed with that blessing, it was
and the legislature 'trona of the provinces had done so by often impossible for the best intentioned minister to asee
au act paned in 1825. There was, therefore, nothing to tale, by the use of the utmost diligence, the real sentiments--
show that the Roman catholic religion was amply and muni- of the people of the colonies. (Hear, hear.) But when ree
ileently endowed, and the bill before the house only proposed suffrage was placed in their hands—when they were in
to give the tame power to the colonial legislature to deal trusted with the privilege of representation, and the ete;
with protestant endowments as had been given by other cise of free discussion, it was a safe and sound*
enactments to deal with those of the Roman catholic', and principle of action to assume, that the deliberate
therefore religious equality required that it should pass. exoreuion of those representatives was
(Cheers.) It was a mistake of the right hon. baronet to evidence of the sense of the population ; and to
°
say that the bill similar to this which passed the local plus shreds and rags of evidence, collected no doubt with
legislature wee carried by a majority of Roman catholic'. the best intention, and perhaps with greet individual intel
He found that the House of Assembly consisted of 84 mem- ligence, in competition with the deliberate opinion of thou
bete, of whom 64 were protestants and 30 Roman catholic', who were entrusted with the responsibility of lercisiatto
se that there was a majority of protestants equivalent to an was to strike a deadly blow at the very principle of free
absolute majority of 200 in the House of Commons. It was government. (Cheers.) He le keyed it would have be
therefore impossible that a measure could be carried which better never to have established free institutions in oar
was opposed b the united numbers of the protestant colonies than, atter having established those institutions, to
members,: and he found that on every division deny them the full and free exercise of those privilee",
on the merits of the question as to whether or not the (Cheers.) Now what were the facts of the case befars
Imperial parliament should give the local legislature them ? They had an address of the Assembly of Cameos,
power to deal with those endowments there was a decided conjointly with an address of the Legislative Council, and
majority. The right hon. baronet then went into an ana- that address but the echo of a previous assembly, praying
lye's of the divisions which had taken place in the Canadian them to repeal the act of 1846, which imposed upon the
legislature on several resolutions on this question in Sep- colonial legislature an absolute restraint of dealing with the
tember last, all of which were carried by protestant majori- clergy reserves. (Hear, hear.) Her Majesty's governmeat
ties.] He stated that one of them was carried by a majority accordingly proposed to the house to repeal that act, aeo
of 77, which was equivalent to that which in that house his right hon. friend opposite proposed the rijectian
had overthrown the government of Lord J. Russell, stud of the bill. His right hon. friend's proposition amounted
equivalent also to that which overthrew the late govern- to this, that with regard to the vital question
aunt, and by so doing, in his (Sir W. Moleswortk's) they should now bind down the people of Canada to a total
opinion, saved our colonial empire in North America exclusion of all share and discretion in the distribution of
—(cheers)—for he believed that if the right hon. gentleman these reserves, when in 1791, sixty-two years ago, when the
had proceeded in the course he had taken, that color.ial colonies were weak and feeble, and in the beginning of their
empire would soon have crumbled into dust. (Hear, hear.) institutions, their forefathers, wiser than they were, ewe.
When he heard the right hon. gentleman in December mitted to the people of Canada the power of legislating on
last state that it was not the intention of the ministry to these reserves, though subject to the control of the imperil,'
comply with the request of the Canadians, and that they parliament; and was it to be expected that a principle
would not permit their legislature to deal with the clergy which was granted to a few scattered villages in 1791 wee
reserves, be could not bat recal a painful vision of the past. not to be granted to cities which counted their scores of
He remembered that in 1833 a nobleman of high rank and thousands, and a country which had two millions of inbabi.
distinguished eloquence was raised to the position of Secretary tants, in the midst of the 19th century? (Hear, hew.)
of State for the Colonies, and that, being a young and impru- But it was apprehended that the power, if given, would be
dent man, he had presumed to address the Assembly of misused, as we thought. Now the ground on which this
ICanada in language which they denounced as ill-advised, bill was recommended was this, that they had no right to
eimies, unconstitutional, and insolent. He could not but base their judgment of this measure upon the opinion
remember that that language embittered a contest which—which the people of Canada might happen to entertain oe
ended in a rebellion which cost this country that point. The question was not as to the use that might
millioas upon millions; and he thought that noble- be made of the clergy reserves, but as to the hand, in which,
man, though twenty years had passed over his of right, the dispcsol of them ought to be placed. (Hear.)
head, appeared not to have moderated his resentment, but Was this then • local question or was it not, for upon thee
was bent on renewing a contest with • much more power- the vote of the Houtsehoodf.,Cciacimiomn eon;
wmhuicsht
oughtturn.
fed assembly. (Cheers.) The system of clergy reserve If it could be shown that this measure belonged to the caw-
ing first founded in 1774, and the Quebec Trust gory of subjects of imperial interest—which involved in.
to(111 It)
Am was the first statute which provided on the penal considerations,
of religious equality that every clergyman should tamed in their own hands, then ho granted that the bill
id
supported by tithes derived from those of his own per- ought to be rejected. But what—proof he would not say--
ellathen. At that period the majority of the Canadians but what shadow of argument had been used to show that
1114111 Roman catholic', the protestants being few, and this measure ought to be taken nut of the category of local
metered, and unwilling to pay tithes. In 1791 the govern- questions ? (Hear, hear) The right honourable gentle-
=lent thought it wise that • provision should be made for man (Sir J. Pakington) said that the bill did not satisfy the
the 'clergy, similar to that in Pennsylvania; and an act principle of self-governmenobecause it provided tor the vested
was passed in that year providing that from every Mott —interests of the present incumbents. (Hear.) The right
ment of land • certain part should be refereed for the pro- hon. gentleman was totally mistaken in that respect. The
tenant clergy, and the legislature of Canada was empowered bill, it is true, did provide for the vested interests of the
to vary the allotments and to abolish tithes. By that act present incumbents ; but in so doing it only fulfilled the
one-eighth of the land of Canada, which was not appro- prayer of the petition of the Canadian parliament, which
priated before 1791, ought to have been reserved for the said that the moat liberal mode of settling this question was,
support of the protestant clergy. But it appeared from Lord to provide for the present holders whether they were of the
Durham's report that in fact more than one-fifth was so church of Englond, or the church of Scotland, or other de.
reserved in Lower Canada, and one-seventh in Upper nominations. (Hear, hear.) Ile admitted that the public
Canada. That was a manifest violation of the law, and the faith was pledged to the maintenance ut the rights of there
appropriation in Lower Canada exceeded the proper persons, and he for one would have resisted any preposition
amount by 277,000 acres, and in Upper Canada by 300,000 for departiag from the public faith io pledged. (Rear.)
acres ; the money value of which was 120,0001. in Lower The right hon. gentleman had not in his speech inuicatol
Canada, and 160,0001. in Upper Canada. Those clergy re- the true standing of the question at the present moment.
serves bad produced very great economical evils ; for the He said that the object of the act now proposed to be re-
line of land were scattered and uncultivated. The Canada pealed was, to maintain the provision for the support of the
committee had stated in very strong terms the economical protestant religion. Now, many persons had come dux
evils which had been caused by this appropriation, which to that house on a late occasion, for the purpose of voting
they described as " • reserved wilderness, which had done agsinst the grant to Maynooth, which they con-
much to retard the progress of the colony." That showed sidered to be incompatable with their conscientioss
that the statement of the right hon. baronet was incorrect. opinions. He was sorry to be obliged to disturb that
It was true that, before the re-union of the Canada', the repose which nature seemed to require—(loud laughter
question of clergy reserves did not cause so much excite- followed this allusion • the right hon. gentleman's remark
meat in Lower as in Upper Canada, for the minds having reference to Mr. Spooner, who seemed to be in a
of the inhabitants of the former were distracted somnolent condition) ;—but the hon. member for North
by other questions; but since the reunion, Lower Canada Warwickshire, who was certainly prepared on this occasion
had united with the Upper Province in demanding the to give a conscientious vote, should understand what vie
repeal of the clergy reserves. But admitting that this was the real nature and effect of the act of 1840, the repeal of
purely an Upper Canada question was not that sufficient, which was now in question. He would examine the state-
and ought it not to be settled according to their wishes ? ment, that that act was made for the maintenance of the
The right hon. baronet was mistaken when he asserted that protestant religion. It was perfectly true, that the act of
the represeatatives of Upper Canada were equally divided 1791 was in strictness meant for Vie maintenance of the
on this question. The right hon. gentleman had con- protestant religion. What was the real meaning of the
founded two questions which were brought before the cola- word protconnt ; it was a vexed question; and it was die
nial legislature last autumn, one of which was a party puted whether it was meant to be confined to the church of
question, and the other the real questiou. It was true that England alone, or to that and the established church of
on the party question the representatives of Upper Scotland, or whether, lastly—and he himself inclined to this
Canada were nearly divided, but in all the divi- last opinion—it was intended to include the clergy of otha
aions on the real question, whether the local le- protestant denominations. lie believed that this was the
gigabit* ought to be empowered to deal with the view of Mr. Pitt and Mr. Grenville, in passing the actof
clergy reserves, there was a decided majority of all the re- 1791. But, at all events, the object and purport of the act
presentative' of Upper Canada. But the right hon. baronet of 1791, was the maintenance of the protestant religice.
said that the constituencies which were represented by the .But the act of 1840 made a fundamental change is the
members for Upper Canada who voted against the resolu- respect, and he believed the word protestant was altogether
Von were the largest. That was a good radical argument, dropped in that act. (Hear, hear.) With regard to the
which he had hardly expected from the represent.tive of great bulk of the clergy reserves, they were divided in sit
the infinitessimal constituency of Droitwich. It might beta parts. Two went to the clergy of the church of Engiand,
sound argument, bat the facts on which it rested were not one to the clergy of the church of Scotland, and the other
correct. He (Sir W. Molesworth) found that the three were appropriated to the purpose of religious worship
population represented by the members for Upper Canada and instruction. The bill of 1840 proceeded on the prin.
who voted for the resolution of Mr. Hinekes was 474,000, ciple of equality, though not an exact measure of equality,
whilst the number represented by those who voted against with regard to the disposal of the clergy reserves. Ricoh
it was 340,000, making a majority of 134,000 in favour of a lest that the act of 1840 gave the power of disposing of the
bill similar to that which was now before the house. Then funds for religious instruction and worship, without say
as regarded the eastern townships, the population which was distinction as to protestant or Roman catholic, and if thee
represented by the six members for those townships who hon. member for North Warwickshire took the pains of
voted for the resolution was 77,00 C, while the population of examining the returns before the house, he would see that
the township represented by the one member who voted considerable sums were given out of the reserve funds fee
against it was only 16,000. [Sir J. Pakington here made the purpose of Roman catholic worship and instruction—
some observation across the table.] There was no other more than was given to all the other protestant
test of the opinion of a population but the votes of their denominations put together, with the exception. of the
representatives in parliament. Another point of the right church of England and the church of Scotland. (Hip,
hon. baronet was, that after a long period of agitation hear.) This was certainly a strange mode of sustaining
the colonial legislature had carried a bill for and supporting the protestant religion. (Hear hear.)
the settlement of the question of eleigy reserves, How could they say then that this wasa fund set :part by
but there was a legal objection which prevented its re- the piety of their forefathers for the support of the pro-
ceivingthe assent of the Crown ; and therefore the Ina- testant religion, and that they ought not to touch it ? They
perial Parliament passed • similar bill in 1840, which was had touched it, and touched it under the act of 1840, which
wseepted in Canada, as well as in this country, as a final the right hon. gentleman asked the house to sustain.
settlement of the question. He (Sir W. Molesworth)' denied (Hear hear.) He begged of the hon. gentleman (Mr.
that the principle of the bill of 1840 was similar Spooner) to bear this in mind when he was going to give
to that which was accepted in Upper Canada. has vote. (Hear, bear.) The right hon. gentleman in the
The right hon. gentleman after summing up the history of course of his speech read • most interesting letter Irons
the question, came to the act of 1840, which proceeded, geatleman whom he described as of the greatest intelli-
not on the principle of religioas equality, but on the prin- genre, is which it was stated that if these reserves instead
ciple of favouring the church of England and the church of of being under the protection of the British parliament were
Scotland. [The right hon. baronet described in detail the placed under the government of the United States, they
provisions of the bill of 1840.] Proceeding on that could not be touched by the legillature, be-
principle the bill of 1840 was consequently in direct cause they would then be under the protection
violation of the constitutional act of 1791, which repudiated of the supreme court of the United States, and
all distinctions. It was also opposed to the bill passed in that authority would overrate the authority of the
1848 by the Canadian legislature, which was based on the state legislature. He (thp Chancellor of the Excbequer)
principle of religious equality. And between whom and could not but greatly respect and admire the foresight of
what interests was the bill of the imperial parliament) of those American statesmen who inserted in their constitte
1840 a compromise? Not between Canadians and Cana- tion such • wise prevision for the maintenance of public
dim Interests, but between conflicting parties in England, credit ; and he could not but admire and respect also the
whose interests in the question were remote and indirect, self-control and self-command of the people of thou steel
and who had no fight whatever to resist Canadian which made them execute those wise provisions-(hear,
wishes. (Hear, hear.) It was a basis of legislation in hear)—and it would be well for the British colonies if, who
this country that the legislature was Dot entitled to ther, whilst they continued to be united to England, or
interfere with the religions belief of any sections of the after the natural term of their independence had so
people; and a fortiori the legislature of this country was rived, they wero equally strict, and rigid, and
not entitled to interfere with the religious belief of colonial punctilious in their observance of public faith. (Cheers.)
subjects of the crown for the purpose of sustaining one form But let them not strain the case of their example. Did the
against other forms of Christianity. (Cheers.) All tines. right hon. gentleman suppose that there was no analogous
tions therefore, affecting religions belief as connected with case in the United States 2—Was he aware that in Muu•
religions endowments in the colonies wore purely and charade there was a law which provided endowments for re-
strictly local questions, and not at all imperial questions. ligious establishments, but with a free choice to every mss
(Hear, hear.) With respect to the alleged injury that was to which of them he should contribute ? But that law bad
to be done to the church of England, he differed entirely been swept away. Before the war of independence the
from the right honourable gentleman. He should clergy of Virginia were endowed much in the same manner
be sorry to support any measure that would, as the clergy of this country, but instead of being endowed
in his judgment, be really injurious to the church with so much wheat, they received contributionsof so mach
of Ragland, for individually he preferred the doctrine of tobacco, and a very handsome maintenance it produced:
the church of England to that of any other denomination. but that law had also been swept away, thus showing the
In this cue he believed the church would benefit by being in America a distinction was drawn between en'
relieved from • false position, in which she was exposed to dowmente which were made by grantees and thou
great unpopularity, suspicion, and aversion in the colony. which were created by the acts of the legislature. The Ogle
(Hear, hear.) He had now, he hoped, answered all the ar- hon. gentleman was one who was the least favourably situ-
guntenU of the right hon. gentleman ; and, in conclusion, ated to carry on an opposition to this bill. If there woo/
he had only to say that the question before the House of one who bad made the maintenance of the present law ire
Commune wee this—the question whether the principle of possible it was the right hon. gentleman. It was important
their colonial policy was to be to leave local matters to local that the house should see the ground on which he proceeded
decision ; and he was convinced that, if the House of Com- when, in April last, he rejected the petition of the Canadian
mans answered in the was in which he believed it would legislature. The right hon. gentleman said that his words
be just to answer—by readieg this bill a second time—they were words of peace, but it was the habit of the colonists!
would do that which was adthlated to render strong and look beyond words, and to look to deeds, and if those deeds
permanent the colonial empire of Great Britain. (Cheers.) were at variance with the principles of colonial freedom,
Lord J. MANNERS criticised the arguments of Sir his soft and fair words would be of little ode!
William Molesworth, and protested against the measure What was the ground which the right honourebi,e
as mundane' an act of injustice; as clangorous in its policy ; gentleman took ? There was only one placeshe
and especially as tending to revive religious diesentions in ground on which he could take his stand. The rightibeoe:
this country, by assorting a principle which, as a matter of gentleman had quoted the doctrine of contract, and po' tro
justice, must involve the abolition of the grant to Maynooth. to the maintenance of that doctrine in America, but sass
Mr. H. VERNON supported the bill. he the person to quote that doctrine, when he it was who
Mr. LIDDELL described the measure as neither wise, said that it was in the power of the legislature of this Couto
ust, nor politic.
t ryi to
Mr. ADDERLEY defended the principle of colonial trbute
step in andfro= ditetalme m withtimtheor
Tenhdeoewignhietethsettan. dgereed:o;
j
self-government as supported by the bill ; and alluding to man was not speaking of a national endowment whoop,
MOO of the arguments urged by Sir John Pakington on said that the government of which he was a wo*
W other side, admitted that a distinct breach of faith and thought it desirable, looking to the changes which Wert
violation of a principle were involved in the question— constantly taking place in the population of the Canadian
bet these would be caused by rejecting or retarding the mea- provinces,sthat the distribution of those endowments ought
sere, and not by passing it ; and Sir John, after ten month* from timff to time to be taken into consideration, and set
of office, ought to be aware of the fact. On the ground of such proposal the government was willing to entertain. veL
the impossibility of leaving the question in its present state, those the words of peace, when Canada was *eking to be
and for the honour, utility, and welfare of the church eats. allowed to have the disposition of the reserved lands' for
beishment, he supported the second reading of the bill.
Mr. A. MILLS, while agreeing generally to the principle ec nr et
at a ry
ando f
thatS ta°toot
elself-government, considered that there were certain cases tion, but that they (the Canadians)
dtheewmSe State to
ey s a
mighty that a th
e those
subjected
were not the persons!
in which that privilege should be restricted, and that the be entrusted with it, and that it would be for the gote,O.
sent was one of them ; and in this respect there was an mint at home to perform that duty! A more distinct viola-
Inconsistency in the bill. tion of the first principle of colonial freedom there nett!
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he was. (Hear, bear.) No one could urge against this btu
understood the hon. gentleman who had just sat down to the ground that the question with which i: dealt was fill
say that he rue to address the house for the purpose of bear- disposed of, and, as to the ground of public (Otto it stra.'
ing his testimony to the sentiments of the people of Canada the right hon. gentleman that that argument must be lcu.
on this important question—and he proceeded to inform the The maintenance and extension of religious instruction Ou.
house that topics of this kind were agitated in Canada not public faith, but a policy. If any question of pub
for the purpose of forming political capital that faith was involved it was in the maintenance of the Foe'
refidzisedtribm;

I

distribution of the endowments and the eojoymeut of the
proprietary rights which attached to them ; but the right
bon. gentleman had &dared that be was ready to unsettle
that distribution and to reconsider it from time to time.
lie (Mr. Gladstone) thought that there was great force is
that which fell with great simplicity from his hon. friend
the member for Staffordehire when he said that he
did not lotted to maintain the present law on the
geniud cf impossibility. He (Mr. Gladstone) thought
that impossibility was • topic which was entitled to sone
weight, sue: lie would recommended boo. gentlemen to
consider, before they commenced this conllct, where it was
to end. (ilers', hear.) If there was one thing more than
&anther which was essential to the dignity of the British
parliiment it was the taking care that we did not play
epic the game of the American war. (Hear, hear.) Let
us not enter into • contest with the colonists unless the
arguments in its favour were not only such a. could be
produced in debits in that house, but such as would stand
the brunt of conrroversy. when it was to be maintained
out of doors, with an indignant community demanding
its rights. Let us not enter into the controversy like the
lion and come out of it like the lamb. 'the house had to
consider to-nitht whether they were prepared from year to
year to repeat their vote. If it was said that it was a sacred
oh.igation to meanie:it the funds devoted to religious in.
struction in Canada she would ask for the title deeds of
that appropriation, and you would show her that in 1791
those endowments were made fur the maintenance of the
protestant religion, and that, though in 1810 you essentially
altered their distribution, you yet deny to the Canadian
legislature • power which you thought yourselves entitled
so exercise on her behalf. As a member of the church of
England, and one nut indifferent to her wilier?, he (Mr.
lentstone) most earnestly &sired the passing of this bill.
(Cheers and counter cheers.) He could conceive nothing
more detrimeutel to the church of Eoglind than her en-
paging in a nliaious struggle ; not only a hustles.' one, but
in hi. convicti ,r. 'Ale as void of justice as it was of hope.
He agreed lustily with thou who said that whatever the
voluntary princoe may be, it was miserably ill-adapted to
the circumstances of Canada. His right hon. friend (Sir
W. Itilesworth) had takes a very desponding view of pub-
lic opinion in America with regard to religious establish-
mints. There was, perhaps, too much foundation fur what
he mad ; but still there was reason for some expectation
that those endowments would not be diverted from their
original purposes. Bat if it was asked to ensure their
confiscation, if it was wanted to make that catas-
trophe certain, let the house reject this bill. (Hear, hear.)
If it was desired that the position of the church of Eng-
Lead now happily revered throughout Canada should be
rendered weak and odious, let her ClitilllB le combined with
the denial of the rights of the colonists. He would defy any
enemy of the church of England to devise for her a mor
pinioned gift than that of mixing her up with a course of
policy now utterly at an end—the denial of their privileges
to our (chow-subjects in distant lands. (Hear, hear.) The
right hon. gentleman (Sir J. Pakington) had thought pro-
per to assail • right rev. prelate, because he had brought
forward what the right hon. gentleman chose to designate
some plausible fallacies in support of this bill. It was at
best an objectionable practice to introduce subjects in debate
from statements made in another place—they had, in that
house, enough fur themselves. There might, however, be
causes fur such a proceeding, but he must say he was
astonished to hear the light hon. gentleman designate as
plausible fallacies that which had been stated to be one of
the most brilliant orations ever delivered by one of the
fist public speakers of the day. He (Mr. Gladstone)
could not lay so much stress on the power
of that speech, but would express how glad
he was to see that a bishop of the church of England had
the courage to defend what was right, and to declare him.
self a supporter of • bill like this, notwithstanding the
obloquy which some of his profession attached to it. He
(Mr. Gladstone) believed that the miserable remnant of
property which it was by some wished to preserve would ha
dearly purchased by the odium it would bring on the body
of which they sought to be the champions. But teenier
on • struggle without • hope of success, with
such facts as had been disclosed with regard to
the justice of the cue, and the intelligibility
of the principle on which it was founded, was a proceeding
which passed his comprehension. Nor did he, in alluding
to what must be the issue of the eouffiet, mean to say that
the people of Canada were headmen( and rebellious.
There was nothing he lamented so much in the speech of
the right hon. gentleman as when he said that we appealed
to the wrong part of the population. (Hear, hear.) He
bad hoped the time had come when we should hays done
with appealing to one part of the population. (Cheers.)
It was known of old what was the meaning which attached
to those words, and the disastrous effects they pro-
duced; creating knots and cliques of partisans,
who stirred up among the people of the colonies
a spirit of dbeatistaction and discontent which pervaded
the whole mars of the eommunity. For that tremendous
evil, the mistakes of this country and r f parliament were
responsible. Too much of the error of these times had
arisen from a departure from the plan pursued et old, of
allowing the colonies the control over thorneelves. He (Mr.
Gladstone) had Wanted with surprise to his right hon. col-
league when tee quoted the preservation of endowment' by
the United States—not that he did not rejoice at it. He
knew that in Canada there were those whose opinions were
entitled to great weight, who believed that the endow-
ments with which this bill proposed to dad would
be pupated. He believed that the companion to
Om& of he: tight to deal with her own affairs,
welesiispened by a respestful expression of the British feel-
endowents,
would gird the best slants fee their security. But It was
not Wanes of the. ahem, thee he would carry this bill.
It his right hee. bind misrred le the endowments in New
York wild' had been maintained, eel pointed to that es
an example which he thought Canada would imitate, he
(Ms. (ladstene) would ask whether it washy an act of the
legidature which hound the hands of the
lesidatiere, that those endowment* acre
enrialeigeL No! it was became New York was
1111111111111 Ilessatiollod Medea ; because, having gives
Mr *se institutions essibienee in their work-
ing rtes felt ; and it was es OM mount that there grew
spla *see missies that us* isdependeate, that mush-
mese Se sesmellseseal beakem, and Oat imlisene some ef
pi=mg bowie which bad bees the mesas of
Obese saimmests. If It ibasld be the ewe
Ash these eadeeniesei timid set be caulaspd is Canada,
ft wed& be Ile sursgaiss• at the madame of AS ar=
tibia had sods thou sinus in Ask eyes, ad le
sot be bums the Ossadisns wen boadarwai nod
rebellious, bums they • would be dais that
which we said, if we were is Saar
They think Oat the& institutions, their wealth,
peisdeu and Ihmk wsr, 'stifle theta to Mir *Ms, and
that when tbe Almyfaty pot 3,000 salts of seems between
this essitiy, that be intended that they theausbss, not
we, slab. uslast their affairs. (Hear, bara.) While he
(Mr. Oiedames) said that the of this bill,
by which jea mshackled the Yntlu of Canada
with regard he these eadariamate would be the
last thence his that eisimseses be lid not found
ia its Meer en that gessad, but on the
emesined in the words of the Mbep of Oman*
siWithltOrt. "Be just and fear not." If tbe Canadians
• nom *added te the at of their own affairs, any
satiation Matta set do that which was right
tIN not lordly** Wig timeradal of those rights ; -end
if be (Mr. Gladstone) iseassesdad this bill to the hoes,
because it was wise and pen*, above ell things did he re-
commend it bee's'. it was rightness and just. (Lead
cheers.)
Mr. NAPIER, who rose amidst cries of "Divide," said
the reserves in question were the comma property of our
sauna ancestors. He took his stand upon the net of 1791,
sad contended that, as the church had perpetual duties to
decharge, it ought to have perpetual means of apart.
Alter a few words from Sir IL. mandible in the
tear for • division,
The house divided :
Far the seeped readies 276
Against it l9l-83
GENERAL BOARD OF HEALTH BILL.
This bill was read • third time and passed.
OFFICE OF EXAMINER (COURT OP CHANCERY)
B LL.
After some remarks from! Mr. Dialing, Mr. Villiers, and
Mr. Mullinp, this bill was read a third time, and passed.
METROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS (REPAY-
MENT OUT OF CONSOLIDATED FUND) BILL.
On the motion of the CHILIOCELLOZ of the EXCNZQUILA,
this bill went into committee pro
_forma, in order that am-
nia amendments which had been introduced might be
Dented.

OATHS IN CHANCERY BILL.
This Dill abo went into committee pro foetal.

WAYB AND MEANS.
la committee of Ways and Maws Tote of 8,000,0001.
oat of the Consolidated Fond was armed to.

COMMONS INCLOSIIRE BILL.
This bill wu read a third tints and paned.
The houe adjourned at ono o'clock.

la consequence of the Wooer of the debate on Thursday
evea"L Mr. Oliveira postponed his motion for the redac-
tion of the duties on Foreign and Colonial Wines till
Thursday, 17th Wit.

Patna—CLERGY RUBILVILS.—Mr. Baldoek for, with
Mr. Huidley against. Mr. P. Bennet has paired with Mr.
M. Duane for all slit week.

COMPTIMLEILSIIIPS or CusToms.—The Collector
and Comptroller of the Southampton Customs hes resigned
as amount (Aare. Mr. Sparrow, the Comptroller of Cu-
tting at Leith, has been appointed collector at Southanip-
ba• The situation of comptroller at the latter port haa not
yet been filled .p.
Arcryiteemites' HALL.—Names of gentlemen who
pieces their eitsminetion in the science and practice of me.
diejav, and received certificates to practise, on Thursday,
March 3, 1833 :—Frederick Dalton; George Edward Ni-
e4lB9, Royal Nary ; Fled Flowers Sutton, Barton, Lin-
colnshire; John Wilde, Islington.
PAALIAIIIVITART REFORM.—YoSteedlly evening, a
Eablie soiree of the Chatham, Rochester, Strood, and
Srmapton Parliamentary Reform Association, held at
the Tny u Tn.', British School. The chair was occupied
by Mr. P. Wheeler, of Strood. An inaugural address upon
the objects of the emaciation war delivered by its newly-
•:ictcd president, Mr. G. Thompson. In the course of the
Proceed ices. several allusions were made is the intimida-
tut", and other improper influences, brought to bear upon
the poorerelamew of electors in the boroughs of Rochester and
Chatham, at the last election, as evidences of the necessity
fw an extension of the suffrage and the protection of the
ballot to secure purity of election in those iocilities.