The Express.
London, England, 1849-06-08 00:00:00

4:bt 41xprt

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY or LONDON.—
EXHIBITIONS AT TUE GARDEN.
—IIQ RECORD MEETING will take pima TO-MORROW, the Mb
at Am. Febleare la eitallethet mast be et UM ease tlf. dey, the
W. et the gleam beton balf-paet I. La, ea the day et mkt-
laa per ma le apaa le gestisae at 1, tura. Marla we Mend te
albm ado le.aask sr at Ilialkelis Is the abases)
alt.
Age et Ta. It teak bet ealy ceases Momhem al tee lealety.
MR to Woad is Raeset•dreet sik the day of exltt-
Gam It, RegentAtrtet.

rIVOW, balk S; Sant MOM KW. banes an Lcadan..3l
Sam 3/ 53; 10 dm. 23 40.
Ku:Accra—N:la and Odom VIC Parks and Illanik IN;
Ream and Rana, 243; Miens nod 11aredlias, NS • btslabassi
and Bsk, 1172; Cesare (Vansam), 172 ; Amiss awl Iladr..—;
nmaaanz. 4u2: Marta, 404 33; Parisand insubnons 317 ;T.
and Nantes. 306 25.

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 8, 1849.

represented imports, and 1,274,000,000 repremuted export.
The year 11318.40re1y tried by political events, has we.
timed • great demises in French coin eras, of which Ile
amount canoed yet be satisfactorily stated But it canrot
be doubted that the amount will be materially reduce]. The
coneumption of matter necessary to 'manufacture has very
mach deniellead. That of emit iron fell from 95,141
teas to 46,663 tons; coal from 2,173,000 tons to
1.796000 ; that of wool from 138.000 cwt. to 80,962 cat ;
and that of silk from 13,000 cwt. to 7,688 cwt. One el- meet,
however, will allow of a judgment bring formed so to
the variation of our foreign trade in 1818: and that the
re exims ol customs bilk? these pve • monthly average cf 11
millions. During the months of January and Febrnsry,
' 1848, they amounted to an average of 8,700,000 fr.,.from
March, and foe each of the following mouths they went on
decreasiag, and no longer gave more than an average of 6
minims. During the menthe of 'July, August, and Sep-
tember the average rose a little above eight milliono,
that is nearly double of what the most disturb d
months in the year had produced. In the coutse ce the
last quarter, and according as the country approached the
time when the government was to be mauler." censtitued,
the progress of commercial affairs was evident, whilst the
public confidence increased. This influence ho. been (spe-
cially felt in our exports. Alm( at all articles bad, during
the first six months, been subjected to great loss by the ex-
' tendon and elevation of premiums on exports. (Decree of
June 10, 18484 Tn. y have resumed an activity which is
more particularly reseetekeble towards the end of the year.
At that time the diminution on meet articles disappears,
and on some, such as wine, brandy, silks and linen, there is
an increase as compared with 1847. But it is on exambillut
tee results of the first months of 1849 that the forward pro-
gress of improvement is to be perceived. If in January and
February the quantities are much smaller as compared with
the erorrespoadieg periods of 1848, the advantage
in March and April is on the ride of 1849,
for merchandise exported and imported. Quoting
eone of the articles, it will be found that cotton on the
30th of April gives 21 millions of kits., instead of 13 ; coal,
667,000 tons, instead of 447,100 ; wool, 45,765 cat., in.
stead of 21,480 ; raw sugar, 26 millions of kilo., instead of 16
millions ; indigo, 394,000 kiln., instead of 289 000; maho-
gany, 700,000 kits , instead of 505,000 ; and, in fide, the re-
ceipts of customs on tee 30th of April, 1849, amount to 39
millions of frame instead ut 26,787,000, which they goo.e in
the corresponding period of 1848; and what shows
that the improvement continued ht May, in spite
of the agitations which have characterised that
mouth, is that it gave an increase of five minions and a
half more than In 1847, and that. Paris has seen the amount
of its exports raised by six millions. The decree 'meek
bad temporarily raised the amount of premium on exports
I having ceased to be in force alter the tint of January. 1819,
' 11.188 t hays been ttought that our exportations would de-
edgem, but on the contrary. Our tissues of all kinds *hewed
len the 31st of hat laity a great increase, and the same lass
hatmened for oar refined sugar, and our manatee
Aired produce. On the whole the state of • French
trade, which was muck dantsged during • great
part of 1848, has greatly impreved since the commence
mint of 1849. 'ibis is a resuic which, by allowing met in
advantages tor the present, seems also to be • guarantee of
security far the future.
The question of penitentiary reform, and of work, in
prisons, is attached to the interests of industry. Each of
systems has been separately studied. The ree stub-
li.henent cf dicipline Is the object of pen:aer-
ies efforts, and one idea especially preoccupies the
salmi t, and that is the part to be given to age in
the re-:egoista:otos of the work of the eonvirs. The num-
b. r of deoartmental prisons is 400 ; of 11143i80/11cetarales,21;
of est ablissments foe correctional educatiou of young con-
vict, 12 ; of agricultural °Amain founded by government,
5; o the came governed by private inlividusle, 7; tend,
445. On the let of Jan., 1348, the pops ation amounted to
26,653 in the department jrisens, 17,789 .n the maisons rot-
(roles, and to 3,600 in the establishments of agricultural co-
',miss for young coolers ; total, 48,042.
France, moreover, releases upwards of 1,300 public Me-
hl stmeenti for the reception of the sick, aged moole, and
unprotected children. The annual revenues of these este-
, blinhments exceed 53 milieus of francs; to wh ch must be
I added 8,1100 charitable establiohmente for giving outdoor
Mier, with re venues amounting to 13 600,000 mutes. There
are also other charitable establishments—the Mont de P 8:8,
Foundlings, drat and numb, and asylums for the blind, do ,
which expend 50 nii.ilollS annually, making in all a
sum of 116 millions annually devoted to the public chit•
Tin
es, the extent of which it were impo"i ale to cal
colate even approximately. The government is, how-
ever, well aware that these 1011120111.0 resources do nut suffice,
and is firmly determined to tupply the deficiency. Tree
government has ales taken extensive precautionary measures
leer the public health, on which the moat gratifying results
may be anticipated; au I even now those who have been
steadied by cholera have reaped the bantht of these
measures ; and the sums voted by the National
Assembly have afforded relief to the families of
these who have been attacked by the epidemic.
PLsttC WORKS.
Notwithstanding the great advantage atte ndantupon giving
empl •yrr.ent to toe unoccupied, the at ite of our finances oom-
pelted our constituent assembly to make considerable re-
ductions. The two canals from Nugent to Marcily and that
for the imprevenent of the Melina have been stopped for
want of tunds, although they were chiefly projected for the
purposes of giving employment. The two contds from the
Mane to the Reins sad that of the Gerona' are
still being carried on. With respect to railways the
governing:4llas expended up to the 31et of December, 1847,
800 millions, and according to 'snores, 3.10 mili 4111 are
nevseery to complete tee.e lines, but the ti ential crisis ne-
cessitated the reduction of t is sum to 16 millions. A branch
line bes been aided to the Nerthern from Creil to Nuyou.
The Centre Railway has advanced to lieronde, and the line
on the lett hank of the Leire has been carried on to Saumur.
The Marseilles line is open to Avignon, and is being worked
by the mate, which has also taken the bee between Lyons
and Paris.
2he line from Avignon to Lyons is still unfinished. The
lin s from Paris to Tonnerre and from D,jun to Chalons will
shortly be opened, but it will require two year. of uninter-
rept d Labour to complete these lilies to Lyoris. The western
p-ov nos will shortly have Rennes connected by railway
with Paris. This line will be opened on the lOtn of July,
and in eight months will b. completed, and will be carried
on to the extreme limit of La Louppe.
The wet king of mines has not suffered by the commercial
cries. There has also been an increased demand for per-
mission to nstabish favorite, As the chamber refuted to
vote the credit for dr.i Aug marsh lando, tlai, object con only
be carried out in a few departments with the consent of the
Leal authorities
All the workmen and artiste engage I in buildiug have
suffered s verily by the crisis. The National Aeembly has
confined its, It to voting the man necessary fur the con-
struction of buildings which bed already been comm need.
Aningst other works it is prnpeeed to temple* the
police of the Louvre. This project has been rescued to
a cernmittee, and their report will shortly be submitted to
the Ansembly.
PUBLIC lICSTRVCTION.
Two committees are alas preparing reports on the bills
introduern by the Minister of Public Instruction for primary
and sccond,ry instruction. They will shortly also be laid
before the Aeembly. Educational establishments and an
academy are to be established at Algiers.
Ne.ottati. us have been opened with the court of Rome
for the establishment of three epi•eapal sees in our colonial
possessions. This measure will complete the emancipation
of the bleeds, and tend to assimilate the colonies to the
mother country.
Cue f ensab.y with the wish of the Assembly, the govern-
ment has given its serious attention to the renewal of the
faculties ef catholic thecl cry. A COlllinittkli has drawn up
a project on the delicate question in which the highest in-
terests of religion are involved, and cannot therefore be
ri solves without the participation of the spiritual powers.
The assembly in Toeing considerable sums to increase the
@darks of Dashers and the priesthoed, has shown a fixed
demermination to meet the intellectual sea religious wants of
the people. This ',rem, involving the bigbest policy,
equity. and religion, will doubtless be appreciated and CHl-
usue el by the leg Votive assembly. There are at this mo-
ment in France 68 establishments of superior inrecietion
and 6260 students, without including the normal school;
which receive 115 students; we lave 1.220 establishments of
seeetalary Metre tion, wi h 106.065 pupils. We have 56
schools (Lycies), 309 emaroun .1 colleges, and 955 private
a stablishmonte. These details will prove to you that the ad-
ministratinn has z alously fu filled its dries ; the revolu-
tion gave it a fleet inspects, and in its several branches it has
net confined itself to the simple pitfermance of its dune',
but ha* preened several plans for Improvement', which will
be submitted to you.
Citizen representatives, it is the destiny of France to
shake the whole world when she stirs, and tranquillise it
when she is me m. Thus Europe holds us responsible for
her repose or saltation. This responsibility entails upon us
heroism dude., and mutt etc cite great influence on oar etn-
duet. After February the recoil of the rev, lationory shock
was felt from the Baltic to the Mediterranean; and the men
woo preceded me in the direction of affairs would not
pillage Frame into a war, the limits of which could not
be defined. They were right. Unless one rights and se-
em( lee impel us to a different cower, the state of chili: .-
don is Europe wit not justify us in sbaudoning our country
to the themes of a general collision. No secondary inte-
rests,
no specious masers fir political kfiliennill, should force
us to diverge from the path of rectitude. If a great country
like ours should engage in a colossal struggle, the grandeur
of her rev. noes, Or her nemeses; must be her justification in
the face of the world.
Oa my aeoemion to power, several important questions
were involved in several pertsof Europe. We had oar ink. I
rats to protect, oar inflU, nee to exert beyond the Rhine and
beyond the Alps, as well as from Denmark to Sicily. But,
in order to maintain oar influence au i interests, was it nect s-
vary to run the chance of a European conflagration. This is
the question, and bsiag thus laid down is easily resolved. In
this point of view in all the external affairs which have been
the inhjeet of negotiation, which we are about to pass is re.
view, France has done ell that was possible for her to do to
maintain the interests of her allies, without, however, hay-
ing recourse to arms, the lest rooms of governments.

Needy ayear has paired SWIM, Sicily was insurgent spins'
Naples. England and France Intiseared wi ktheir fleets to
stop katilitiss,nishieh had assamiada character of creel and
relentless violence, and it must be . infused that although
England mown deeply interested in the settlement of
this qeestion than France herself, the two admirals joined
in common word to obtain from King Ferdinand an am-
zesty for the Sicilians, nod a constitution by which legisla-
tive and administrative independence was secured. These
terms were rejected by his, and the two admirals sailed
away from Simi', beteg cempilled to abandon the mediation,
and the war broke out. Shortly afterwards those people, who
hod rejected the favourable condition', were compelled to
surrender at discretion.
In the north of Italy a serious war had broken out ; and
at one time, when the Piedonaterie army 'sewed its
Slitettill to the Mincio; it was thought that Lombards
would recover her independence. Disunion speedily dis-
pelled this hope, and the King of Piedmont ern coo pelted
•to retire to his own states. At the period of my diction,
the mediation of France and England had been accepted
by the bel igerent powers. To obtain for Piedmont the few
disadvantageous conditions was the point to be attained.
The part we were called upon to pity was already
Id I down before us. To refuse it would have
Oven rise to a European war. Although Aus-
tria had sent no envoy to Brussels, the
place appointed for the conference, the French government
advised Piedmont to resist the movement which impelled
her on to war, and not to renew the unequal struggle.
This advice, as you know, was not accepted, and der a
fresh defeat, the Rem of Sardinia concluded directly with
Ass! ria a new armistice. Although France was in no way
responsible for this conduct, she could not allow Piedmont
to be utterly crushed, end from this tribune our government
declared that it would maintain the integrity of territory
of a country which covered Dart of our frontiers. On the
one side the government endeavoured to moderate the de-
mands of Austria fur a war indemnity, apparently exude.
tent ; on the other hand. it counselled Piedmont to make
just estriflou to obtain an honourable peace. We
have every reason to hope that our conciliatory
effurtswill have • favourable result. Whilst these events
were passing in the north of Italy, fresh commotion' burst
out in the ceetre of the Peninsula, and added fresh complies.
time to the question. In Tuscany the Grand Duke bad quitted
his states. At Rome a revolution had been accomplisbed,
at which the whole catholic and liberal world was deeply
moved. Fur two yeah we had beheld in the
Holy See a pontiff who had lad the way in eArry,
tog out useful reforms, whose name, the symbol of
every hope and liberty was hymned in grateful praise from
one end of Italy to another; whoa suddenly the world was
startled to hear that this sovereign, so late the idol of his peo-
ple, load been constrained to fly secretly (Tomei* cape el. Thus
the acts of aggression which compelled Pio None to leave Rome
appeared in the eye of Europe to be a conspiracy rather
di tat the spontaneous effusions of an entire people, who could
net in a moment be thrust from the deepest enthudutniuto
the deepest ingratitude. the catholic powet s sent umbs waders
,o Gaeta to discuss the settlement of the Papal interests.
France ought to be represented there. She listened to
alt, but would make no engagement; but after the (Iciest
at Novara affairs aseumed a more decisive aspect. Austria
in concert with Naples responding to the appeal of the Holy
father, announced to the French government that it must
come to a decision, as those powers had resole d to
march span Rome to re-establish merely and simply
the authority of the Pope. Being that impelled
is aims to a decision we had but Once measures to adept—
E thee to opp se by our arms every species of imerven
in which can we should quarrel with the whole
f catholic Europe for the mere interests of the
Roman republic, which we had not acknowledtd,
or to leave the three coalesced powers to re-estiblish the
papal authority at their pleasure, without any restriction ;
or lastly, to exercise • direct and independent action of our
own word. This latter decision was adopted by the go-
vernment of the republic.
It appeared to us that it would be easy to make the
Romans understand that, pressed on all sides, th. it only
chances of safely lay in us. That if our presence brought
about the return of Piu Nono, that sovereign, mindful of tee
past, would bring with him reconciliation and liberty. That,
if we were over at Rome, we should guarantee the integrity
of the territery, by depriving Amities of any pretest to
enter Itemigna. WJ might even have hoped that our tier,
floating uncontested in the centre of Rely, would have
thrown itsi rotecting influence over the whole peen:mule,
to no portion of whose troubles we could be indiffeteut.
The expedition to Chits Vecchia was, therefore, re-
soled upon' in concert with the National Assam b'y,
whit h voted the necessary supelies. All the infor-
mation which we have received assures us that at
Rome our arrival was impatiently licked for by the
majority of the population ; in tact by all, save a small
potion of the pro; Is who had mired upon the adroit•istr..-
eon of public ethers. 'There was every reason to suppose
that it was so, as it could nut be supposed that any doubt
could exist respecting their preference for our intervention
over that of the other powers.
But by a concurrence of unfortunate circumstance it was
decided otherwise. Our smal, body of troops (for no serious
resistance could ho apprehended) landed at Cavite Vecchia,
and the general has r. ceived positive information that, it they
had marched on to Rome the same day, they would have been
received with open arms, and the gates would have
been thrown open to a joyful people. But
whilst General Oudinot notified his arrival to the
Roman government, Garibaldi marched into the city
at the head of a band, consisting of refugee., from
every part of Italy, and indeed Europe. And it may be res.
dily conceived that his presence was a sudden accession of
strength to the party who proposed resistance.
On the 30th of April 6,000 of our troops arrived
ender the walls of Rome, and were met by a discharge
of musketry. Some of them, being drawn into a trap, were
taken prisoners. We must ament the blood that was shed
on that sad day. This unexpected contest, without *Met-
ing the final object of our enterprise, has paralyzed our be-
nevolent int:memo, and rendered vain the efforts of cur
negotiations.
In the north of Germany an insurrection had corn
promised the independence of a state which was we
of the oldest and mast faithful of our allies. Den-
mark saw the people of the duchies of Schleswig
and Holstein revolt against lot r, whist, however,
they recognised the sovereignty of the reigning
Prince. The central government of Germany thought
fit to decree the incorporation of Schleswig with the
e.; .nfederatien, because a great portion of the peop:e
were of the German race. This measure aimed •
serious war. England offered her mediation, which
has been accept, d. France, Russia, end Sweden
showed every disposition to support Denmark. N
ao.iations which had been going on for months
have resulted in the concluson that Schleswig
should become a separate state subject to the
sovereignty. of the King of Denmark. But as
this principle being admitted, a misunderstanding
arose as to the consrqurnees which might
result from its application, and hostilities have been again
renewed. The eff irte of the powers which I have just
named tend, at the present moment, to the conelusion of
another armistice, shies may be considered as the ptelimi-
Carl to a definitive arrangement.
The remainder 'of Germany is distracted by grave
perturbation,. The efforts of the Frankfort Asatmely
in favour of German unity have provoked the re-
sistance of several of the Federal States, and have
resulted in a conflict which, having approached our
frontier, must call for our watchful surveillance. The
Austrian empire, engaged in a fierce struggle with
Hungary, has thought itself authorised to demand the in-
sistence of Rutin. The intervention of that power, the
march of its armies on the west could not but excite to a very
high degree the solicitude of the government, which has
already exchanged several diplomatic notes on this subject.
Teas throughout the whole of Europe there have been
CAW' s of collision which we have sought to appease, whilst
maintaining hewever, oar independence of &dins and our
character. Is all three questions we have ever been in
accord with England, which has educed towards us feelings
of of which we ars deeply sensible.
Russia has recognised the republic.
The government has concluded with Spain and Belgium
postal treaties, which will facilitate international commune
cations.
In Miseries, the State of Monte Video has become
singularly modal d, according to the information for-
warded by the Admiral commanding our naval tomes in
th se seas. The French population has migrated from one
bank of the Rio de la Plata to the other. This displacement
of the French population must be taken into coeseleration.
In fine, Waren,' lee representane, If all our negotia-
tions have not obtained the snocen which we had good
reason to anticipate; rest assured that the honour and we-
testa of France are the only sentiments which animate the
government of the republic.
RIMY'.
Such, Messieurs, is the clear exposition of the actual
state of the affairs of the republic ; you see what
a serious question we have to deliberate—Low great
our difficulties, and that many questions both of
external and national interest remain to be solved.
Bat strong in your support, and in that of
the nation, I hope neverthelei" to be enabled to elevate my-
self to the dignity of my duties by following a clear and
precise course of: tended. This course consists in boldly
taking the initiative in all improvements and reforms
which may contribute to the welfare of all, and on the
other hand, to repress by the severity of the leave, which have
been rsodered necessary, the attempts to excite disorder and
anarchy, which prolong the general state of uneasiness. You
will not intoxicate the people with illusions and Utopias
which serve only to exalt their imaginations and lead
them on to deeeptton and misery. Wherever I meet with
en idea which is pregnant with practical results I shall
cause it to be studied, and if it be applicable I shall propose
to you to apply it.
The chief duty of a Republican Government more
especially, is to enlighten, and by the manifestation
of teeth to dissipate and dispel the deceitful glitter,
which glisters through the personal interests of party.
One lamentable fact is to be found recorded in every
page of history, and that is, that however real and evident to
honest men, may ba misfortunes under which society

labours, the more wildly
enthusiasm of theoriv.
At the coussaensem
not got tbr triumph
taking the II:ble for Oa
folhes, that the English
the supremsey g f their tr.
was not for the 'Wows,
sectarian, that sonnet,
of privileges, fur the
the taw, and the right
Welly 0-day swabs,
theorise
=stiesiaie hes been

rhieh: rendl

bays a government _ —ailing
all, shall be more intelligent of the wants of the
people, and conduct the affairs of the country with. ut
dynastio preoccupations. Our du'y is, the rehire, to
choose between the true and Gl6O ideas which hove
issued from the revolution, to place ourselves at the
head of the true and no combat the false. Truth viii be
found by an appeal to every latelligence, by 1,4 ering
mollies before it has been weighed, and by adopting a/1 tnat
Allan have been submitted to the PIAIR4O/4911 of competent
men, and which shall have undergone the ordeal of debate.
Accordirg to what I have 'xi Lined to you, two
kinds of laws will be presented for your apprzciatien—
the first, to reassure society and repress excuses;'
the second, to introduce real improvements every wle re.
Ainesng thslatter I may mention the tellowing
A law upon institutions of succour to the labouring clasYs,
to insure them against the dieters of a cusp( neirn of resits,
old age, and infirmity.
A law upon the reform of the mortgage rystcre. A new
institution must nourish agriculture, by stew Hog it useful
resources and facilitating its loans. It will start with the
tormation of establishments of credit, like those which exist
in other states of Europe.
A law abolishing loans in kind.
A law upon the fund in favour of working and a;r!cul-
tural MOGI' ions.
A law upon the defence of the pocr, which is not
sufficiently cared for in our legislation. Justice, which
owes a debt to the state, and which is cense nue idly
gratuitous, is surrounded by onerous formotizies whi h
render its approach difficult to the poor and ipls rant. Tn. so
rights and interests are not sufficiently l rotexted, and this
anomaly must disappear under the envie o of our democratic
somatitntion.
Finally, a law is prepared for the purpose of im-
proving the retiring pensions of subalterns and
saldi ~,, and to introduce info the law on rwruiting those
modifications of which experience has shown the utility.
Independent of these projects, you w.ll hare to
occupy yourselves with the organic laws, which the last
assembly had not the time to elaborate, and which
are the necessary complement of tie cons itui, n. What
precedes is mutations, I hope, to prove to 30U tha my
intentions are the same as yours. You wish, like me, to work
fur the wellbeing sf that 'noel. which has chosen us, and t 0 •he
glory and pr wpeti y of our country. Ll' roe, con think that
the best means of succeeding are not by vi-lease, but by
firmness and justice. Franco trusts to the patriotism of the
membera of the assembly. She hopes that tho truth laid
open to the light of the tribune, will c nfeund untruth and
disarm error. Oa my part, the executive power will do its
duty.
1 call under the flag of the republic, aid on the ground
of the constitution, all the men devoted to the safety
of their country—l count upon the*r support and sh^ir
knowledge t enlighten ins, on my conscience to conduct me,
and on the protection of Clod to accomplish my mission.
(Signed) LOURS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.
(Countersigned) ODILON BAktiPL.T.

lii

1 ;
,1
i i 1 i
I '
1' I,
. -
[TIIREEPENCE. I . .
rildly will a blind minority rash into the t •
rio. .I I
ement of the seventeenth century, it wu I
t of the insensate ideas of some faustti( e,
their trot, and granting the excuse of i heir
llish people tretuggl-d for 40 years, ~,t fir
lair religion. And even so, after 1i69, it .h , 1
inanity ideal of Babe° af, or say other
411 wu overthrown; but for tho *Witt' et
to diviion of peopery, fcr equality Wore
ght of atudasion t% all umploymei tt.
11
luta, it is not for the applica•inn Of
ries or imaginary advantages that the
wen auromplched but in order to
tent which, resulting from the will of ' i