The Express.
London, England, 1853-02-03 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

.401.4 Iditim • f "1 he rape*" ***mar ,* mow twasbart•
.• Gamma," la pubadiad a•wy Taaday add rrtear a**. * Was
br
atm tiarowatafaarne.ed for " "Ma rarfor."ldeba blob( papa,
num 41 at tlar Ontra, 10. Esurrie•aarert. Two Oda* wa tN
day of pabitattion.

MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tan 11. Ws.. ....Aflecuora. 9a No.
111$408A0w--illinias.lua .AAprassa. HI. In.

LONDON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3.

A PROAPENOMI future is smiling before England,
and must be ours, if we only betimes adapt ourselves
and our institutions to the needs of our present and
growing Isesition. Hitherto much real suffering,
both political and social, has arisen from the die-
proFoi tion between the number of labourers and the
demand for labour. Labourers being over numerous,
in proportion to the need fur their rervices,competed
with crch other for work, until the payment of labour
was naturally reduced to that point at which the re-
ward of exertion was very little more than enough to
keep the workman in health to persue his toil. The
limits of our island were circumscribed; all the land
was appropriated; there was no "far west" into
which the surplus population could swans when
the settled portions the land caned so
ample reward as the prize of their indus-
try. hence, an accumulated population is
particular places ; a glut of the labour market
a fall of prices oftentimes absolutely to starvation
point ; and no heart or leisure amongst the mew
for cultivation, mental or bodily. England, for awhile
over-gorged with
.pauperism, and often alarmed at the
prevalence of crime, found extensive relief by the
growth and spread of her manufactures. The
peoplo who were tenable to find profitable
employment in the rural districts, flocked
into the towns, and secured, amidst the din
of factories, employment at once useful to them-
selves and to the community. This growth of town
populations, whilst adding to our national wealth and
to our national independence, rendered Free Trade in
food most necessary ; and, thanks to intelligence
energy, and united action, a Parliament of landlord;
weee at last convinced of the need to allow the free
importation of cora to a country whose fields were
restricted, but whose productive manufacturing indus-
try was unbounded. Free Trade has done, and is
doing, wonders in its way, but now another influence
has stepped in to aid its beneficial operation, and
place us on a par with others hitherto more fa-
voured. Whilst England—crowded by men-
.

achieving, by steady effort, new directiOns for indus-
try and new freedom for commerce, her offspring,
America, was rushing a-head in the race of nations
with unparalleled speed. The Anglo-Saxon in the
New World was outstripping his brother in the Old
in rapidity of political progress,—in growth of popu-
lation,—and in the signs of social progression. Brother
JONATHAN had mere schools, more newspapers, and
more railroads, more telegraphs,—and more ot
many other less desirable things—than Jowl
Butt. Labour fetched better prices, and every maul
who wished it might, if he pleased, set up in a farm
and become a freeholder for himself at the cost of a
fuw dollars. This easy independence of the masses
gave an independebt tone to the whole fabric of so-
ciety, and liberal institutions grew naturally out of
the combination. The great secret of all this was, the
real supply of unappropriated load. AU who failed
in towns or who felt a taste for the country had
only to push towards The West to find a fruitful sail
purchasable in he for a few shiLings an acre. Ame-
rica had no surplus population. Men were not a
drug. Labour was at a premium; and Noes the
tendency to cultivate men in schools, to entrust them
with political privileges, to allow them a free press,
and to permit the ready action of their opinions
upon the machinery of the State. Sprung from a
stock that has always cherished a desire for liberty,
the Anglo-Americans found in the unbounded scope
of their fertile territories the basis on which to rear
an indevindent population ready to achieve for them-
selves ample political privilege..
It.erent events evidently point to an equalisation of
these advantages between the English in the New
World and in the Old. The extension of free-
load., the growth of the mercantile marine, and the
improvement in steam navigation, have all minted
in linking, not only America, but Australia, so cleeely
to England, that we begin already to enjoy that
advantage which America so long monopolised—an
abundance of new fields fa surplus labour. Ame-
rica is now not more difficult of access than Scotland
once was, and • voyage to Australia, with its gold
fields, costs very little more than had at one time
to be paid for a trip to the Lakes or to Paris. Steam
has practically bridged the ocean between Old
Europe and New America and Australia, and the
Irish labourers flack to the one whilst the English
and Scotch ars peopling the other. We, like
Brother JONATHAN, now have new fields—we, too,
have a moving frontier tempting civilisation aver its
border—and there our surplus population is fast
moving. Plenty of good ships now place a New Home
within reach of all. Let us only enjoy peace and quiet
stud we shall surely see the time wn pauperism will
be as light a burden to us as it is to our cousins
across the Atlantic. The report of the Itzois-
TaAlt-OZNZIAL points to the fact that taking
the last year through the number of emigrants from
the United Kingdom was not less than a thousand a
dep. Many of these are, of course, from Ireland.
Bat England and Scotland give their share. From
three Enema Feu alone—London, Plymouth, and
Liyerpooi—there sailed during the last three months
6013 molds. The population of Ireland has, we
know, from fever and the Exodus, fallen back greatly
from what it was t—England. at the present pace,
promises on the score of population to do very little
some than Mud still. "At present, it is irrobable,"
aye the Ballinlimes report, " taking all einem-
Mantes into asesnat, that the emigration from En
land is not expel to its sutural increase." But the
ItlnOleTtAlt is ad odds about this. Here are his
10.1ari births Is the ware - MOW, the deaths
IS,st s imtatal immure iris UAW The amber of
2rto who sailed is the aesstt from Loathe was
; rime" 1,676; Bosspool, 41,317 ; from the
Owe pa 46.316. The twee sambas who sailed
hem the pools oldie 17aited Llserkee at whim& thus me
goverumeat esdepeties mesh smoonotai is NAM homy
Vibe saes' hen saes pees see see to he Mum sad it
weD hewn OW a image properties of the IlUal/SOIS who
sal hem Limped ass by bit* Irish. At mesas it Is
probable. asking ei sissnmsomess mesuas. that the
Illedkin bobs* knee swiss issnataist Jansen.
Nimess of emisreate who said haring the year
1852 hem the pets of he limited IlLkohom at wirieh tiers
are salpiaties apish reseal Se 7, et certainly
net loss. tailor the year through, sad other poet. iato so-
west. thaw 1.1159 a day.
ilksall this state of ibises yp on, we shall inevi-
Sesi the isllammo is same mimes which
web M remarkably h lks United States. Men
mad wises will rise in Oho sold scale, they will be
weed aboating and suldenting, and be worth
liberal swiss. Good wipe_ will obtain skilled
kiwi* sad skilled Mae sill bettor profits to the
toyibiso of it. Iwo* will taxed to bobs
mpoo • is do sprain et foe tie
MIPIof loos Ina tbo_ WNW Ideas el
ndt Mom dog Mow sandy eft-
ploy:omit awl ham rem ma say hops for
moral berellaillist and snail responsi-
bility, bnogiso with Asa—as ortainly as was,
and is, the area h Massioo—the miscassion to the
ddo otiolly of a bossier and well
Ipd ollie stpillial power.

ON Tuesday evening tb. inhabitants of London
were enveloped in heavy folds of a darkness not only
" visible,■ but tangible—capable not only of being
seen, but touched and gaited. It was a quasi•realia-
tion of BYRON'S dream :

The bright sea was extinguished, and the stars
Did weeder oisridy through tle menial epee.
Every one who was adventurous enough to be out of
his house on that evening was subject to a kind of
social paralysis. To him all the benefits of civilisa-
tion had departed. He was sent back to a period
when gas was not known, when oil and tallow were
matters of luxury, and not necessity. He found
himself in a position which was analogous to that
when

All heart'
Were ehilkd, into a selfish trays: for light,
sod when many echoed—
Happy were those who dwelt within the ere,
Of the volcanos and their mountain torch.