The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-01 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 1. 1851.

Weld better have been defer
international fees has, howevi
onomal magistracies are drawing to a aisle. AnOther
dais year is about to conomnson, fie that, as k
worthy Alderman has recalled attention to:tlie
In-
junkie at the News, we ea tcke the opportunity of
pilligest mos et its most palpable errors.
me OA Om the French metropolis has no
vikabrisr. Its chief magistrate is a
tbe government, and his council
aver gtlalaalad Is is same workshop. The twitting
airdi&tek tkoesfore, on the score of the greater
metropolis having no local represeFte-
the t, is rather misplaced as a comparison
wilt axis, which enjoys no municipal representa-
tion whatever.
Bet, though not elected by the citizens, nor exist-
ing by any right, except the favour of government,
the mock municipalty of Paris has a largo taxing
power. At least it raises a very large revenue, and
that, too, from the poorest of the population. The
wealth of the Parts authorities is derived from cer-
tain pence laid upon every pound of meat, every
bottle of wine,—even that which serves the people
for their common drink—and every basket of fruit.
Now, the municipalty of London, although they do
derive some income from coals, to repay the cost of
London-bridge—a bad tax, by the way, since it
falls chiefly on the poor—raises its revenue in a
much fairer way than its Parisian sister.
The edileship of Paris is a much easier task than
that of overgrown London. The river is no tidal, but
sweeps at once and for ever away the sesaage itro.
ceives; and plenty of filth it doesroll, sufficient to render
the vicinity of the river unwholesome down even as
far as Sevres. As to the sewerage of the streets of
the French metropolis, it must bo known to every
travelled nose, that the offscourings of every kitchen
flow into the street, and form in the middle
of it that black and odoriferous ruimeats which
Madame Ds SrAEL so loved. The corporation of
London had nothing to learn of the Parisians in the
matter of sewerage.
Smithfield, certainly, is a nuisance that Paris
escapes. It has two cattle-markets, one on each side
of the river, some leagues out of town, and its
slaughter-houses are so arranged all round the city,
that there is one of them within a quarter of an
hour's drive of the moat thickly inhabited parts of
the city. And yet these abattoirs are almost isolated
and upon waste ground. All this is unfortunately
impossible in London, and how to obviate the
difficulties attending the duo supply of meat
to the English metropolis, sanitary and economic in-
terests being consulted, is a question by no means
solved, or in way of solution. Aldermen cannot lie
expected to solve such riddles, and Paris certainly
could not help them to it.
How to make wide streets was another lesson
which the Tiows hoped the London corporation would
learn by crossing the Channel. It was forgotten that
the very Hotel de Ville where our citizens were feted
is surrounded by a network, or spider's web, of such
narrow streets and houses, that it formed the focus
of insurrection at all times, being utterly impervious
to troops, and equally so to sun and air. There is no
rookery in London to be compared to that part of
Paris north of the Hotel de Ville. And if the writer

of the Times will look into the reports of the com-
mis,.ion which made a general visitation of l'aris
during the cholera, he will find that no misery de-
picted by Mr. M. ur.w could equal the shifts to live
of what the Tintea would present to us as a model

population.
We forget the other items of our contemporary's
invidious comparison. But we recollect it ended by
a warning to the French and English to have no-
thing to do with the London corporation, or any of
its members, as nowhere was to be found such a set
of jobbers. This was rather a rude phl for Messrs.
FAREBROTHER and LAURIE. Our corporation, how-
ever, had but to borrow the Memoirs of Otsuurr
from the first circulating library, or the trial
of TMTE, or the life and anecdotes of M. DE ltsmnu-
TEAL', if such a work is yet published, in order to be
convinced that the Times, \Shen it crossed the Chan-
nel in search of honesty, did but go further to fare
worse, as the old proverb says.
Still, we are fur from denying that we might,
with great advantage, learn and take many things
from } ranee. There are some articles of their code,
the adoption of which would advance us a century.
There are parts of our law which would equally
benefit them. Above all, if they would borrow our
reveet fur law, it might make them, what we fear
they will never permanently become, a free people.

FRANCE.

PARIS, TuntoAT EVENING,

I mentioned some time agO a rumour, that the
government intended to impeach those members of
the Mountain who subscribed to the Mazzini loan,
and thus cut down, if possible, the constitutional
majority against revision, by purging the Assembly
of those members, and either leaving them in obey-
ono or replacing them by revisionists, elected under
the law of May. I was unwilling nt first to
attach much credit to a scheme which implied so
flagrant a pitch of effrontery ; but I have
at the present moment serious reasons for'
believing that such a measure is actually
in contemplation ; and when it is remembered that
the fate of Louis Napoleon hangs wholly on the use-
eces of revision, it is hardly surprising that his go-
vernment should, in order to carry that great mea-
sure, resort to machinery of an audacious and despe-
rate
character. It is known to your readers that on
the 21st of August the National- published in its co- I
lumns a letter from M. Schcelcher "to the Citizen
Mazzini, president of the National Italian Com-
mittee," announcing that he, together w ith
several of his colleagues of the Mountain,
gabscribed to the loan opened in favour of
the cause advocated by the ex-triumvir of the Roman
Republic. Besides M. &leacher's, forty-six other
fames of members of the Mountain figure as sub-
scribers to this loan. here, then, the lawyers of the
government of Louis Napoleon conceive that they
can lay their fingers upon impeachable matter; and
the train of reasoning by which they arrive at this
conclusion is remarkable. What is the object, say
they, of the National Italian Loan? The sums
subscribed will be spent in rebellion, massacre,
pillage, fire, and the destruction of the Pope's
sovereign authority. Fomented by such contribu-
tions, on some day not far distant, the Roman
demagogy will break out in insurrection; they will
find in face of them that French army which re-
stored the sovereign pontiff, and which will once
more rally round the chair of St. Peter. But the
cause of religion will not triumph without a bloody
struggle, in which the bravo soldiers of the French
republic will many of them be shot down by balls
bought with the gold of the Mazzini loan, contri-
buted by French representatives. Who doubts the
right of arraigning as conspirators representa-
tives who subscribe to arm a plot, which
strikes by rebound against the government of
their country ? Who questions the justice of accusing
as traitors those who contribute the pay which they
receive from the French t yy to procure the des-
! traction of French armies ? The government puts
these questions through its organ the Patrie, and
expects them no doubt to be answered in the affirma-
tire by public opinion and by the parliamentary
majority. The symptom is a grave one, and gives
additional countenance to the report that such a
purge of the Assembly is contemplated.
I 1 cannot too often warn you against partaking the
extravagant estimate entertained by the Tones of
the influence of Louis Napoleon. That that influence
has been during months past daily declining, and is
at this moment declining with accelerated rapidity,
I am convinced, by all the opportunities that occur
to me of appreciating public opinion. It is a matter
now concealed from no one, that neither General
'Magoon, nor any other general officer of the
least reputation, will consent to risk a coup
tr,,tot in his favour, should the revision be
rejected. It is said to-day that Louis Napoleon
will only vindicate his right by an appeal to arms bit
case he should obtain the absolute majority of miss.
Now, so long as the President remains an unoxiasti•
tafional candidate such a result is absolutely imps-
able ; for not a single legitimist will vote for hint
under such circumstances. His chance then is iden-
tined with the fate of revision; and to carry that
nomeare I have no doubt the government is prepared
ill adopt measures which would, under ordinary
deeenetanees, appear quite desperate. Such is
Ile Nikene to which I have above alluded of
Onsting forty-seven members of the Mountain out of
the Assembly. Meanwhile Louis Napoleon lies,
soder the policy which ho has adopted, completely

at the limey of the legitimists ; and these tempo-
rise lab lum in a twit that seems to indicate an ex-
ast a crisis will occur after the election of
reistriafteserably, in which, by the preponderance
of the legitimists in this body, the king may be pro-
claimed with success, and his cause be embraced
with esthetes' sm. by the army and the people. In
connection with this subject, I draw your attention
to a remarkable article in the Union to day, in which
the di lemma of republic or monarchy is very firmly pro-
posed as the grand one, and the presidency treated
as a question not worth thinking of till the other be
solved. A confident belief is then expressed that
something may be done to solve this dilemma when
the Assembly meets. The same paper says that the
proposition Creton will furnish a touch-stone for
General Changarnier, who must then speak out dis-
tinctly.
The market women (lea dames de lo Halle) were
so delighted with their reception at the Elysee that
they have invited the President of the Republic to a
ball to be given on the 25th instant at the Hotel do
Ville, M Berger having readily placed the grand
suit of rooms at the disposal of those ladies. It is
understood that invitations will be very sparingly
issued, and still be confined chiefly to ;the husbands
and relatives of the ladies, and some leading official
personages.
The Paine having stated that the Minister of
War had applied to the government to have the funds
of the lottery of the Lingots d'Or devoted to the
purposes of colonisation in Algeria, has found out
that this is an error, and that the proceeds of the
lottery will be exclusively devoted to the original
design of sending out workmen to California. The
government was so bound, in fact, by the contract
with the lottery, that it could only have been justi-
fied in diverting the funds from their original destina-
tion by certain intelligence from California that there
was no work to do, or that the place was un-
healthy. As the official reports received by the mi-
nistry confirm neither of these suppositions, no suffi-
cient cause appears for a change of plans. Accord-
ingly the first batch, consisting of 140 emigrants,
will embark to-morrow at Havre, fur which port they
set out this evening by the railway. These emigrants
were received yesterday at the prefecture of police
by the secretary-general, to wham they presented
an address of thanks and farewell. Their conveyance
to their destination is confided to M. Ferry de Belle-

•
more.
M. Leon Faucher has to-day instructed the autho-
rities to prosecute a letter written by M. Langlois,
ex-director of the lottery, to the Steele containing
injurious charges against M. Clement Here, secretary
of the l'refect of Police.
The Minister of Public Works has opened a credit
of one million of francs for the prefect of SnMe and
Loire to commence the works of the Lyons Railway
between Chalon and Tournus. The surveys from
Chalons to Macon have been completed since 1417,
the valuations of the property to be taken are being
made, and it is intended to set men to work at the
beginning of the winter season, when they are gene-
rally without employment.
The municipality have lately voted considerable
sums for increasing the supply of fresh water in
Paris and for making new sewers, and enlarging the
existing sewerage. A large sewer is to be made for
the use of the Northern Hospital, now nearly finished,
and several others arc planned on the llu ahou and
Orleans quays and in the Isle St. Louis. .
The l'ays publishes an article showing that La-
ntartine has lost all patience with the l'resident,
who has been amusing him with hopes of office, and
holding out hopes of a return to universal suffrage.
Lord Normanby has made a representation to the
government of the inconvenience occasioned to Eng-
lisli subjects by the new regulations respecting
foreigners.
A German who had long worked as a journeyman
tailor in Paris felt such a horror at the idea of pre-
senting himself to the prefect of police for a permis-
sion to remain, that none of his friends could per-
suade him to conform to the order. He became more
melancholy front day to day, and at length com-
mitted suicide with charcoal; savings amounting to

1.10/. were found in his room.
An instance of the oppression suffered by indivi-
duals in consequence of the indiscriminate arrests
that were made of foreigners accused of being im-
plicated in the alleged plot, is afforded by a letter
from M. F. Kellerhoven, an artist residing at No.
37, Rue de la Pepiniere..This gentleman, now set at
liberty, and admitted to be wholly unconnected poli-
tics in any way, was arrested, and detained 23 days
in prison, on account of some letters received by one
of leis workmen without his knowledge.
Arrangements are making for the election of the
national guard of Paris in November next.
The Bidletin de Paris contradicts the report that
extensive changes are to be made in the prefectures.
The number of inscribed electors in the Morbilmn
k i 0406. M. Gouyon, the legitimist candidate,
having obtained more than one-fourth without any
contest, has been proclaimed representative. The
abstentions amount, as in the neighbouring depart-
ment of the Finisterre, to about 30,000.
The Gazette de France says:
We learn that a meeting of the delegates of the electoral
committee du droll national of the six departments of the
south, lately held at Avignon, unanimously decided that M.
de Larochemquelin shall be the candidate of the legitimists
fur the proidency.
'lhe prefect of the Seine has just received, through
the ambassador of England, a resolution adopted by
the muni•zipal council of Exeter, at one of its sit-
tings, in which it expresses its gratitude for the
handsome manner in which the mayor of that city
was received in Paris during the fetes given to the
Lord Mayor of London.
The Prince de Ligne is about to be married to
1111 e. Talleyrand Perigord.
A young man named Keller, a pianoforte tuner,
the brother of a former member of the provisional
government at Munich, was arrested at Valenciennes
on Friday, and has been brought to Paris, on a
charge of being concerned in the plot. Several do-
miciliary visits have been made at Valenciennes.
M. Brun, a retired officer, formerly captain and
adjutant-major in the national guard of Grenoble,
has been arrested on a charge of having used insult-
ing language towards the President of the Republic.
During the whole month reports have reach Paris
of the great success of M. Odilon Barrot in killing.
wild boars at Saint Gobain. The wicked Charicari
has been throwing doubts as to the truth of these
exploits; the honourable member for the Aisne has
taken a magnanimous revenge by sending the last
boar that fell to his gun by diligence to Paris, ad.
dressed to the editor of the Charscari.
At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell closing
at 92.30; the Three per Cents. fell 35e., and closed
at 56.3.
The railway market was heavy, with but slight
changes from yesterday's quotations.
The Journal des Deloats, Ordre, and other papers,
which did not publish Mr. Gladstone's letter, publish,
nevertheless, the reply of the Neapolitan government.

ITALY.

ROMAN STATES.
The Lombardo Veneto, a journal published at
Venice, with the sanction of the Austrian authorities,
states that at the recent consistory held at Rome the
really important questions under debate were, not
those referring to the appointments of bishops or
cardinals, but that the main subject discussed
was the probability of important events in 1832.
The reception of an answer front Austria
to a note forwarded to Vienna by the government ofl
the holy father was also a subject of debate. The
Austrian note is described as giving the papal go-
vernment every assurance of future peace, and an
offer on the part of the cabinet at ienna to assist
Rome with imposing forces in case events breaking
out in 1852 should lead to the proclamation of a
Roman republic. In the event of such a catastrophe
occurring, the Austrian government would consider
itself enabled to take this step, as the obligations
contracted by the treaty of the four catholic powers
would then be considered as null.

PIEDMON P.
The King of Sardinia arrived at Alessandria on
the 26th, and immediately proceeded to Marengo to
witness the military evolutions prepared end di-
rected by the Duke of Genoa. The troops assembled
there amounted to 30 battalions of foot, 24 squad-
rons of cavalry, and 8 batteries of artillery.

GERMANY.

AL STRIA.

The Augsburg Anyoneins Zeitung denies that the
Emperor of Austria intends to pay a visit to the
King of Bavaria at Munich.
VIENNA. Sac?. 26.
The appointment of Field Marshal Prince Win-
disehgratz to the governor-generalship of Bohemia,
vacant by the removal to Hungary of Archduke Al-
brecht, appears to have been already made, though
it is not yet officially announced. The military jour-
nal, which is generally well informed, states that the
appointment was signed by the Emperor on the 18th
instant. To many of your readers the name of this
officer will be familiar from the tragic fate which his
unfortunate wife met with at Prague; she was shot
during the revolution while standing by his side at
one of the windows of the commandant's palace ; and
from the disastrous termination of the first Hunga-
rian campaign, in which the Austrian army, under
his command, were so thoroughly beaten by the
Hungarian raw levies. The main cause of this defeat
of the Austrian army was attributable to the jealousy
of Field Marshal Welden, who commanded in Vienna,
and who refused to send to Windischgratz the neces-
sary reinforcements which he so urgently demanded.
Nevertheless, the Emperor deprived him of the
command, and placed him d disposition. Sines
then Prince Windischgratz has lived in retirement
on his estates in Bohemia. Whateverannoyance he may
have felt at being displaced, must be entirely effaced,
by the offer of the present appointment. It heals
the wounded vanity of the soldier, and is, at the
same time, a sop to the prejudices of the man. The
Prince is a thorough aristocrat, who considers him-
self born to enjoy all the privileges which, in feudal
ages, belonged to his high rank. In the words of the
German proverb, .‘ Der blench fivajt beim Baron
an," he acknowledges no rank beneath that of a
Baron ; in other respects he is an honest and deter-
mined man, whose fame has not been sullied by the
merciless brutalities which have rendered the name
of Ilaynau infamous. Ile is neither statesman nor
politician, and knows about as much of the princi-
pes of government as a parish beadle. He is
nothing more than a middling soldier, whose only
notions of government are contained in the
corporal's cane. In this respect his appoint-
ment is another proof of thedeterunuationof Schwar-
zenburg to maintain the present system of military
misrule. Soldiers administer the government
in every one of the provinces of the empire, in most
of them—(Arehduko Albrecht in Hungary, ltadetzky
. and Giulay in Italy, Khevenhiiller Gallicia, Jel-
lachich in Croatia, Windischgriitz in Bohemia, Welden
in Upper and Lower Austria)—all men whose cha-
racters and antecedents render them incapable of in-
troducing or carrying out any other system of go-
vernment than that of militia rule. How such
men are to introduce the promised constitution is a
riddle, only to be solved by the supposition that it
will prove a corporal's cane.
A case of considerable daring on the part of the
legal authorities of the little watering place Baden,
about an hour's ride by rail from Vienna, occupies
the public mind. Baden lies without the rayon,
within which the state of siege and martial law is
proclaimed. The military authorities, who rule in
Vienna, have therefore no right to interfere in any
way within the jurisdiction of the town. Notwith-
standing, however, the court-martial sitting here
caused an unfortunate author temporarily resident in
Baden to be arrested there by its own officials,
an act contrary to law. Considering the power of
this court, the arbitrary manner in which it is
exercised, and the utter disregard of all law and jus-
Bee daily displayed by the government, it is un-
heard-of boldness to oppose or protest against the
ejurisdiction of the court-martial. The judges of Baden
ve ventured to do so. Their protest has been pre-
sented to the proper authorities, and the public are
waiting for the reproof which will doubtlessly be
administered to the court-martial for trangressing its
authority. I fear, however, that the public will be
disappointed, and that the protesting judges are
much more likely to be removed from their posts.
Advices from Frankfurt announce that the wealthy
merchants and bankers of that city, from whom a
very general participation in the new loan was ex-
pected by the government, have subscribed the paltry
sum of two million florins. The government journals
explain this failure of their expectations by the as-
sertion that several of the larger Frankfort houses
' have subscribed through their agents in Vienna. I
have mentioned, iu a former letter, that the finance
minister has had recourse to the trick of putting
foreign houses down for subscriptions without their
knowledge or sanction.
A decree of the finance minister prolongs for Gal-
lieia and Croatia the period of seven days during
which the additional 2} per cent. discount now
allowed for subscriptions to the new loan. A refer-
ence to a former letter of mine will show that the
subscriptions from both of these provinces aro dia.,
proportionately small to their wealth and number of
inhabitants. The ground on which the finance
minister accords to these provinces this seeming
advantage is that the termsof the new loan were de-
layed in publication in both.
The King of Bavaria is setting an example to the
Austrian government, which it would be wise to
follow. A royal decree, countersigned by the Minis-
ter of War, which has just appeared, orders a very
considerable eduction and economical re-organiaa-
tiou of the army.

BERLIN, SEPT. 27.
The outbreak of national feeling among the
Polish members of the Posen Diet that took place some
days ago betokens early—at the first sitting of that assembly
—the wide split that exists between the German and the
Polish deputies. This, to be sure, is:not likely to have any
serious consequences, but it may roughen very much the
proceedings of the Diet, and has been deemed sufficiently
important to bring the Grand Marshal to Berlin to consult
high authorities respecting the best means of allaying the
proud and somewhat Irish susceptibilities of the l'oles,
always catching fire, and always sinking into
impotency. Count Konigsmark, the representative
of Prince Thum and Teals, has for this purpose
given an unmet to the speech of Prince Sulkowski, that is
well calculated to remove the impression which the some-
what imperious opening address of the president, M.
Puttkammer, produced. The count's speech is as follows
" The report just read reminds me of the protest made in
the last sitting against denominating Poles 'Prussians.' The
grand marshal on that occasion cut off all discussion on this
eubject, and I wish by no means to:provoke one now. But,
undoubtedly that protest arose out of a misunderstanding,
which, if not explained, but passed over in silence, would
place this Assembly in a very awkward and false position.
Therefore, I think a few explanatory words are indis-
pensable. Gentlemen,—ln the grand duchy of Posen and
in our Assembly there are both Poles and Germans. We
could never succeed in turning Poles into Germane, or
, Germans into Poles ; this is beyond human power. Yet,
gentlemen, whether Poles or Germans, we are all Prussian
subjects—yes, I hope in God—and from the speech of Prince
Sulkowski himself I have the assurance—we are all
true and loyal Prussian subjects. In this sense the Polish
inhabitants of ,the Grand Duchy must be called Prus-
sians ; in this sense they elitist, with devotion, thankfulnees,
and love towards our illustrious royal house, call themselves
Prussians, and genuine Prussians, too; in this sense the
royal speech dismissing the Diet of 18i1, says : ' The dif-
ference of race, and the different names—Pole and Ger-
man—are reconciled and united in the name of one
monarch, and of one state, to which belongs for ever the
name' Prussian.''
That Oldenburg will become a party to the treaty be-

tween Prussia and Hanover of the 7th September there is
no doubt, hut Oldenburg has yet, as some journals have
affirmed, signed the treaty.
The commercial treaty with Belgium may also be eon.
sidered as shortly to be concluded. Some weeks ego an
understanding was come to respecting the principal points.
Belgium declared herself ready to raise the import duty from
5 grog. to 71 gros. on Belgian iron. Sonic doubt whether
this treaty will not hinder one which was negociating be-
tween Belgium and llollind. But it is by no means likely
to have this effect.
The Knouts is of opinion that the negociations
respecting the Schleswig-Holstein affairs will be brought
to a satisfactory termination within a few weeks.

DENMARK.
M. von Mlle, the Danish Minister at the court of
Sweden, has been recalled from that post, and ap-
pointed to the Prussian embassy. Since the com-
mencement of the war in 1848 there has been no
ambassador from the government of Denmark in
Berlin, the duties having been performed by a
charge d'affaires. The nomination of a minister
as a definitive appointment is considered a
return to the friendly relations broken by the events
of the revolution and the insurrection of the duchies.
The present charge d'affaires of Prussia at Copen-
hagen is also raised to the rank of ambassador. M.
von Bjelke, who is now the Danish charge at Berlin,
will return to Copenhagen as soon as the new minister
arrives.
The Noe Preusaiche Zcitung (Berlin) declares that
the Schleswig-Holstein-Danish question is about to
be satisfactorily concluded. It adds, that the Duke of
Saxe-Coburg has promised formally to press on the
great powers the claims of the Duke of Augusten-