The Express.
London, England, 1847-06-18 00:00:00

gilt eritresso.

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LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE 18.
Ix the House of Lards, yesterday, Lord BROUGHAM
asked whether the government had received infor-
mation of an insurrection having taken place in the
Portuguese colony of Angola, after the arrival of the
Torres Veins pruners there, and whether Count
Bolan, who was one of them, was not now the
governor of the colony.—The Marquis of LANSDOWNE
said he bad heard such a report, but doubted its
aocaracy.—Lord Lyevauturr, in in explanatory
speech, moved that the select committee on
the Birmingham and Oxford Railway Bill and peti-
tions, which had declined proceeding further in the
matter without being instructed ei to do by the
house, be directed to proceed with the inquiry.-
-Lord REDESDALE moved, by way of amendment,
that no further proceedings be had in the matter this
session, it being expedient that the house should have
before it the deciaons of the courts of law upon the
legal points. After some discussion a division took
place, when Lord LTNDIRIIRST'S motion was lest
by a majority of 8, the numbers being 22 to 28, and
the committee ordered to prooeed in their inquiry ac-
oordingly.
In the House of Commons, a further Ihoussion
took place on the subjoin. of Portugal, w..ich was fol-
lowed by Lord G. BENTINCK'S calling the attention of
the house to the infraction of certain articles of the
treaty of Lisbon, of July, 1842, and asking the'
government whether any, and what, steps have been
taken to obtain from the l'ortugnese government le-

drew for ths past, and security against future, isjitun
or a like kind done to British intereats_propoaaots
which elicited au explanation from Lord Pureitstos,
but led to no other result. The noble lord, also, is
toMr.Ewairr stated that the services of British osigt
in Portugal, civil, naval, or military, on the "
pre
occasion, were not such as to entitle them to, si
justify their acceptance of, any honorary dishnetiors
or decorations from the Portuguese crown.— Nei*
question of the committal of the Poor-laws Maisel.
tration Bill being put, Mr. BAN EPS moved that ie
committed that day three mon'hs. A disessieen
ensued, in the course of which Lord Joas
RUSSELL, in consequence of some obsermikti
from Mr. W. MILES, in defence of Mr. fiesd.
wick, the secretary of the commission, who felt
himself aggrieved by statements made with Tee,
pect to him in the previous debate on this soijee,
entered into an explanation with respect to the ewe(
that gentleman, being followed by Sir J. Oa inas and
other hon. members, when, after a personal disciusee
between Mr. CHRISTIE and Mr. VILLIELs, which
rendered the intervention of the SPEAX PR Deft...,
the house went into committee.—Two
took place, the first for retaining the clause whiei
goes to repeal certain enactments as to the tecordi
the commissioners, which was negatived by a mskei,
of 45, the numbers being 65 to 20; and the geeesi
on an amendment, that the operation of the hal;
limited to three years instead of five, which wail ijiD
rejected, by a majority of 33, the numbers being
to 43. After which the house resumed, and the other
business was disposed of without debate.

IT is idle to talk of turning clergymen into Nee
schoolmasters, or Queen's scholars into elrrglet
It is well known in the poorer dioceses, where e i
impossible to obtain an adequate number of universay
graduates, how difficult it is to supply their phft
St. Bees' and Llanupeter in some degree ouppir p
deficiency in the north and in NVales: but berretta
establishment of St. David's College, when it se
necessary to resort to certain schools, licensed forte
purpose, for candidates for ordination, the &Um,"
and training with which the Welsh bishops se,
obliged to content themselves in their clergy se,
such, as would cause a not complimentary les
nishment in most countries and in most pt..
fessions. That au English parish school ef e,
present day may be better than a Welsh 6,,„1
school of twenty years ago is possible camel; ye,
we scarcely think that it is likely to prove thenelay
of a class of clergy who would give mach seturhaese
to the Anglican laity. The minutes of conned iska4
provide for instruction in a great many Irate,
education, which it has not occurred to most b
study in our youth; but even if the &Width
scheme are carried out, the Queen's echolus, ion
learned in many of the " ologies," will hut, w
presume, be thought to have received what a ~,.
monly undorstood by the term liberal educgion
they are on a par with the existing clergy is pee
education, and can get a place amon., them, welt'
be quite sure they will not, except u:dcr amp*
trouble themselves with the instruction of the rgri.
cultural or operative youth.

As to turning the actual clergy into ninon
schoolmasters, there is a quite conclusive tboug
preliminary objection in the certainty that they roe
feel no desire for the office. Superiotestka
of schools by the clergy is a very different tic
from actual teaching. It is not likely that a ctenn
schoolmaster would submit patiently to the d'na
tions of the authorised visitor, the clergyman of 11
parish ; or that an incumbent would encouraged
introduction into his parish of an extra clergyani
a semi-clerical capacity.

Those who wish to increase the Phan 71iid d
clergy possess of the office of education had tea
turn their attention to schools of a different dm
Of the teaching of the higher classes they have non
pOly, on that of the poor they have the theene-fn
erasing great idluence but neither clergy as m
have made any adequate provision for time vh
without requiring a liberal education, otightton
ceive more extended and systematic irumoXi
than it is possible to provide for the vat
log classes. There is no class of midi
schools in England, no standard by vie
the less wealthy tradesmen and farmers
superior mechanics can judge of the quoonty
quality of knowledge which they ought to ?elm
those to whom they intrust the education ado
children. There seems to be some probabilayta
before long, from the improvements in the elm
of the poor, the classes immediately above them,
as they are to the instruction of igaorant shwas
may find themselves inferior in knowledge to do
whom they employ. The day school of the ash
town, without visitors, inspectors, or recogoirda
tem, will be lucky if it can obtain the oerviati
labourer's son from one of the eurroundig pinto
• '

who has enjoyed the benefit of a ratnitold
at a normal who&

Yet there is no want of pecuniary mask
supply of this great deficiency. The
which are spread over the country was
the very purpose of teaching those whomever,
to chance for their education. The ism he
many of them have fallen into decay is int unali
neglect of trustees and schoolmasters, WAIN
which has taken place in the practical Re&
education. For the most part it is pewili
Latin and Greek shall be taught in the oink
small farmers and small traders see sera
Greek. In some cases, as at Rugbysad
the grammar school has become as Illeint •
of the higher education. In mem more
master receives or evades receiving* bus free
to whom he teaches as little as puisibk;
presence perhaps makes it imposfor hint,
profitable pupils as boarders. The preprillo7
which have arisen of late years hew
imitated the better grammar whorls
with more or less completeness, a Deed
bat they are not intended for the lower
With public, grammar, and prof
now within easy mire of all if ffi
kingdom, there use to be as- we f 111
means of instruction for the elms sir
to learn Latin and Greek; and it is fill rim
dormant grammar schools should be asibidliki_
the use of those who at present seem ninaMP,llll
any part of the community to mole enes
education.
It is not so much from the pecaniery Istmor'
they possess, though a highly imported ererire
slurs, as from their public and natisog &NOM
we wish to bring the leo wealthy Elias
the grammar-schools. There is Is% aa
said, no recognised standard of PAO to
lion. For the higher education, tiro
ties furnish the standard; f
:Fratuitous schools the Privy
cirlh.nald
=Teeters will legislate ; but a coaablg
no more knows what his boa ought to he
how to teach him. It is way for tbssm
considered the subject to egg& 01uff,__...17"
education which would liberalism mad worigi
minds of the classes to whoa we rells
opinion would, no doubt, dammed mei tr,
teaching. In addition to this, robestol
rography, of English history, uLa I
might profitably be afforded. Grauer um',
taught either through the Latin, or, is WWI
some persons, through the Anglo-Swot
have we ever fully comprehended why IS
wi'bri-0
their lives in working with the rule
of
be compelled to receive it, a mysterious ..:1171
of arithmetical natare, instead of eadosoM
as clearly as all students of two mead 14-
in algebra understand it.
We by no means wish to confine the ea.°
any man or class of men within limits so lit
those which we have indicated; but then on
be an established minimum of teaching. ?ILA
be best established by introducing it ts
which partake of a public character.
There are many grammar and enikend;
now in asp state of suspended vitality, wilt:,
tees are repared, on the occurrence of
restore them to efficient ezieteree. 801,17.7,0
are in all cases praiseworthy ; but thin
ger that they will attempt to provide solvM
gentlemen, instead of for farmers and aril
The attempt to encourage boarders a' 7,7 j,
classes to join the free scholars must be„."-
70
and attempts to rival Shrowsburb as
Lary College School at Cheltenham, ismOt°••
It would, indeed, be better, where do 01
the foundation admit of it, to sluts s oil
&Me payment from all scholars, es elms
to the resources of the school, andassmoie
the appreciation of the advantages whirs,'

every other arrangement, the • peat
la
-.%, efeelabffelting a system of education fora class
a'- Emeesly provided for, should be steadily kept
d'"plirlipir. Christ's Hospital, and, we believe, King
r-, s dog at Birmingham, at present stand
• .4'7 t loss ia this department.
• . is so Tana why the clergy should not take
' _,. Akre in this improvement In many endowed
.esee
shells they are exclusively enabled to bold the
. dirsibaset at muter. In many instances, failing to
reshiliels a school for the highest kind of education,
rairs
' lave allowed their office to sink into a sinecure.
tenting their attention to a different class of
and a different scheme of education, they
"" bait in their power to acquire a legitimate inflo-
ws, and to perform an important public duty.
Sem is no danger that education will Le rejected.
Rasa the labourer can read and calculate, the fanner
gotkitty before him by learning algebra and gram-
. mar, et be content to change places, and take his turn
#a a ipmration as a hewer of wood and drawer of
aster.
If existing incumbents are unwilling or unable to
apply the public want, the remedy is at least in the
Isis& of trashes or managers as vacancies in the
inlniels occur. Where the authority of the Court of
Chancery
.is necessary to change the system of in-
*ern" it can be obtained in every proper case; but
it is ofien only access try to provide a qualified master
at the express understanding that he is to direct his
attention to the class for whom the endowment was
intended. There is no difficulty in finding fit persons.
Seri of them as are clergymen will represent the
ecclesiastical body in education much better than
parochial deacon schoolmasters.

MR. TORRENS has tat published a pamphlet " On
the Operation of the auk Charter Act," intended to
givestrenuous support to that measure. We cannot,
wever, but regard it as one of tho strongest argu-
ments in favour of the Birmingham school of paper
currency that we have read. From the tenets of that
school we need not repeat our dissent, our object
being merely to show bow the development of the
ideas of the currency writers does bring them insen-
sibly and involuntarily round to meet their opposite
extreme.
It has hitherto been generally supposed, that the
amount of currency in any country, of coin, and of
notes representing coin, was proportioned to the wants
of the population, and varying with the activity,
'value, and extent of their Internal dealings. The
necessities of foreign trade, of now and then paying
in specie, and receiving spi cie in return for exports,
were of coarse taken into account. But no writer,
until Mr. TORRENS took up the pen, ever set down
the internal K ants and use of a currency at nil, and
referred its every moNement, expansion, contraction,
value, and use, to the operations of international or

foreign trade.
In the same manner, a sufficient amount of currency
having been procured for national circulation, it was
generally supposed that the scale of prices depended
neon those known and various elements which con-
stitute price. But Mr. TORRENS now comes and tells
us that price is altogether a thing dependent upon the
currency, upon its contraction or expansion. That
foreign trade and interchange altogether regulates
this contraction and expansion, and that
In a eitintry in which the currency consitm of coin and of
bank-notes con.ertible on demand, the whole aggregate sum
of the several media of exchange -coin, note', deposits,
Cheques, and bills of exchange—which it is possible perma-
nently to maintain, eau neither rise above nor fall below the
amount which may be neeewary to establish that scale of
prices at which commerce is brought to a state of barter, and
linternaional debts to reciprocal liquidation.
Hence it would follow, that the amount of a
metallic or quasi-metallic currency can never be
governed by the internal use or demand for a medium
of exchange ; but the quantity, the value, the facility
of having and enjoy ing this great and necessary element
of social life depends altogether on the peculiar state
of our foreign trade. Whenever, therefore, by any
chance, or turn of fortune or of tee elements, or of the
blunders of our merchants, imports exceed exports,
the whole union and its industry must be put in fet-
ters and locked up, in order to prevent this uneven I
balance from running away with our gold. This
fettering and locking up is produced by an artificial
rise in the value of money, and a total stoppage of
credit. If all this be the case, be prudent and be
true, valet a powerful argument does it afford to
those theorists who would create an 2xclusively do-
mestic currency, leaving foreign trade and inter-
change to be carried on by the means of bullion?
If, indeed, the pecuniary distresses of the country,
and the necessity of taking from its currency to pay
for imports was occasioned by over-trading, over-spe-
culation, as was the case when the series of currency
laws were enacted, then, indeed, the utility of a bank,
at once the fountain of state issue and commercial credit,
would be evident, and the advantage of the powers
conferred upon it of checking trade and stopping
speculation, by a doable contraction of the circulation,
might be admitted. But then the balance of import
over export has been occasioned by no mercantile
blunder or extravagance, but simply by a dearth of
home crops, and by the importation necessary to
supply the void. At such a moment to paralyse the
manufacturing and trading industry, which needs its
accustomed, and more than its accustomed, facilities of
care and credit, to provide a commercial exchange, is
preposterous.
It is more than idle to talk of the great benefits of
the contraction of the circulation, in depressing trade
and lowering the prices of goods, by which a greater
demand would be created for them in foreign coun-
tries. There could not but have been a demand for
them in that country, grown so momentarily wealthy
by the transmission and sale of suck quantities of
agricultural produce. The system of credit forbids
the English manufacturer to meet or supply this
demand, and he is comforted, forsooth, by the assu-
rance that when hie ruin and distress shall have
lowered pr,.cce, that then, and hereafter, there will be
a very brisk demand, and that he will be able to
manufacture and to sell.
Truly the manufacturer ought to be very much
obliged to Mr. TORRENS, highly sensible of the bene-
fits which the Bank and the act of 1844 confer upon
him in PO roundabout a way. Whilst all those who
live on and by the home market may discover, if they
can, why they are sacrificed to the security of a
bank and the caprices of foreign trade.

ON the 22nd of last mouth we directed attention to
an injudicious regulation,. enforced by the customs
department in Boulogne, m virtue of which, all yes-
. ads, carrying passengers only, are subjected to the
same harbour dues as vessels carrying merchandise,
if there should chance to be any person aboard car-
ping despatches, letters, or newspapers Our morn-
; Ink contemporaries took up the question at a later
plead, and endeavoured to compensate for their pro-
.
amstination by the greater pungency of their articles.
• 'The consequence has been exactly what might have
-• anticipated—that the mumapaliothmediee aad
' Chamber of Commerce at Borders, while
vocating the enlightened view of the glaethea.
• • have been compelled to protest piss* the
aeon personalities levelled at their owentrymen in
-or out of office. This must inevitably have a tendency
to impede a satisfactory settlement of the matter. It
is not enough that two parties act upon a common
• quatriction ; there must be cordiality between them if
they are to work with effect: and a cordial feeling is I
amt Ilimay preserved towards persons who abuse our
weonlaymen and friends.
The teeth lu that the civil or uncivil deportment of
lalluirlosna diem has nothing to do with the
2 whisk raid. entirely to. the esspfdiecustom-
ncy or
a gemel vemelafalat ~
el
ate
born saws newt wee.• Datltotassi •fficers
nowhere a favourite clam milk Itavellere. They have
4 disagreeable duty to pawn, sod sometimes they
Inform it disagreeably. We have found them pretty
neck the NUM all the world over, except that
rrhalie the Basile are at the whsle the moat rude.
*ad the Dutch the met timmemn We are quite
enlist to belisemihe eishaa•ltaase oaken at Boa-
- loffht we Se sit iningoliteate as it is possible for
. awe mortals to be, who have to search the
'Wage and sometime, the persons of so many tea-
' venal, all contumacious, and not a few fraudulent.
We make this remark because our oontemperaries,
ha ''leg seen fit to take similar amiable liberties with
the French downe to those, in which the' Timm
• ' heliteally indulges towards our ill-starred railway
4 411111.0111, the public at Boulogne have deemed it
to take up the cadgers for their country-
.
listaislimilenrii beg to assure the mayor and Chamber d
Cannmee, the Ansotateer and the Coloosne et Mow.
meow of the venerable city whence Jaime CASPAR
MIK and NAPOLEON intended to sail, for the eon-
. gem of Britain, that we entertain the moat profound