The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-23 00:00:00

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HIOR WATER AT LONDON-BRIDOE.
TIM DAT. Monalm, 23 min. put 4; Afternoon. 46 min. past 4.
Towtoasow.—Mnenine, 9 rain. pest 3 ; Afternoon, PI min. put 3.

LONDON, MONDAY, NOV. 23.
m A VERY hel pair of sovereigns seem to have
been installed British arms upon the thrones of
the Punjaub. British troops have occupied Lahore
since the great battles which routed the Sikhs, and
thus protected the court from the soldiery, and the
government of Lahore from rebellious vassals like the
ruler of Moulton. Weakness, however, seemed
inevitable in the capital with an infant monarch
and a corrupt Queen-Mother, the necessity of respect-
ing whose rights, and the difficulty of replacing them,
excused Lord HARDINGE. But when one half of the
Sikh empire was lopped off, to be given to a chief,
not of the royal blood, it might at least be expected
that this prince of new choice would parses, talent
military strength, and the power of self-subsistence.
In this expectation we are disappointed. Goo Lin
Sum cannot, it seems, march from his capital to sub-
due his refractory vassals without our garrisoning it.
Neither of these princes can war without our being
drawn in as an auxiliary. It is most mortifying
thus to find a second SHAII SOOJA in GOOLAB SING.
SITAR SOOJA, with all his imbecility and unpopu-
larity, had at least-legitimate rights, which command
due respect in the East. GooLAB SING has none of
these. Respected formerly in his hill, as a lieutenant
of the Sikh empire, and a brother of its vizier, he now
MR to command the same respect as an independent
sovereign. The other hill chiefs, and the important
province of Cashmere, refuse to acknowledge and
determine to resist him.
A brief sketch of the modern history of Cashmere
may throw light on the nature and prospects of the
war. This province, at the commencement of the cen-
tury, belonged to the Affghan empire. When the
family of the present ruler of that empire had risen
on the ruins of the older dynasty, they were unable to
recover Cashmere without the aid of RUNJEET. He
granted it, but being denied his gaerdon, resolved to
conquer it for himself. This involved him in wars
with the Affghans, whom he defeated in two bloody
and decisive battles.
Yet all conqueror as he was, Cashmere defied his
p9wer. In the very year when his great prototype,
NAPOLEON, marched to subdue the Russians, RUNJEET
meditated the conquest of Cashmere. But the chiefs
of the mountains, all Mahomedan, leagued with those
of Cashmere and Aff'hanistan, to defy the Sikhs.
RUNJEET, irritated and confident, pressed on in the
summer of 1814, forced his way through the passes,
but weakened by the difficulties of the road and the
weather his army was compelled to retreat, and the
Maharajah retreated to Lahore in discomfiture and

disgrace.
It was not until 1819 that RUNJEET recovered con-
fidence and force to avenge the disaster. He began by
winning over to his support the powerful Mahom-
medan chief of Rajoaree, whose country occupied the
side of the Cashmere mountains, next the Punjaub. By
his support, and with more ample force and precaution,
RUNJEET succeeded that year in rendering himself
master of Cashmere. One of the results of the con-
quest was the despatch of the present GOOLAB SING
by RUNJEET, to the court of this useful ally, the
Rajah of Rajoaree. GOOLAB repaid the sup-
port of this chief during the war by seizing
him and extinguishing his family and power. This
feat was the origin of GOOLAB'S rise, for thereon
RUNJEET gave him as a reward the Jagheer of
Jummoo.
It may be judged from this story, how little love
the Mahomedan chiefs of the hills bordering on Cash-
mere bear to GOOLAB or his rule. On the other hand,
the possession of Cashmere is absolutely necessary to
render his monarchy strong and wealthy. Cash-
mere was the mine, the great treasure of
RUNJEET SING. BURNES says, it paid him up-
wards of 300,0001. annually, independent of one-
third of that sum spent on its defence. GOOLAB,
a man of noted avarice, cannot but use every effort
to re-seize this prize. But it is to be feared that
there is a Mahomedan league against the Sikhs, and
this league extends from Cashmere over the Kangra
country throughout the hills to Affghanistan. Goo-
LAB, therefore, and consequently the British, his
allies, have once more to do with our old friends,
the Affghans, to whom we hoped to have bidden an
eternal adieu in the Khyber and other passes.
This gives a most unsatisfactory aspect to the Tory
policy in the north-west of India, and assimilates it
very much in the way of hazard and insecurity to
that of their predecessors. The curse of these Indian
campaigns and their consequences seems to be, that
the more resplendent the victory, the more difficult it
is not merely to profit, but to avoid being crushed
by it; and the greater the glory, the more embarrass-
ing the bearing of its heavy laurels.

WE regret to find that Mr. BRIGHT has, in
his recent address to the electors of Manchester, set
forth some errors on the subject of national education,
too grave to escape animadversion. He stated that
every one was in favour of national education,
meaning the education of the nation; but they were
not all in favour of this education being conducted
by government, by act of parliament, by municipal
authorities, or by any other mvolunta7 effort." But
no one has ever proposed that national education
should be confided exclusively to the government,—
should be wholly directed by act of parliament,—
thould be entirely managed by municipal aatho-
rities—or should in any way become an involuntary
-systapi. What we contend for is, that in the
education of the nation, government, and parliament,
. anfaicipal authorities, have specific duties to per-
*. t other bodies, and even pnvate individuals,
. Weill° their duties—and that all should fulfil their
• • ewer& proportions of obligation. The State is no
more bound to educate the people than to feed the
; but it is bound to take care that the people
tee° educated, and that they be fed. Parliament is
aly required to provide adequate means;