The Express.
London, England, 1853-07-18 00:00:00

IMPORTANT FRENCH CIRCULAR DES-
PATCH. _
___ _

PARIS. SUNDAY.
The Moniteur publishes the second circular of M.
de Nesselrode, dated June 20, and the following
important despatch sent by the French government
to its diplomatic agents abroad :
" Paris, July 15, 1E53.
" Monsienr,—The new despatch of Count de Nes-

selrode, which the Journal de St. Petersburg pub-
lished the day after it had been sent to all the Russian
legations, has produced an impression upon the Em-
peror's government which his Imperial Majesty has
ordered me to convey to you without circumlocution

(&tortr).
"We cannot but deplore seeing Russia at the

very moment when the efforts of all the cabinets to
bring about a satisfactory solution of existing diffi-
culties, bear suoh striking testimony to their mo-
deration, assume an attitude which renders the
success of their negotiations more uncertain, and
imposes upon some among them the duty of repudi-
ating a responsibility which it would be vain to
attempt to fasten upon their policy.
" I do not desire, sir, to return to an exhausted
discussion; but since Count do Nesselrode continues
to allege, in support of the pretensions of St. Peters-
burg, the offence said to have been committed by the
Porte in not regarding the promises made to the
Russian legation at the period of the first settlement
of the Holy Places in 1852, I am forced to repeat
that the firmans issued by the Sultan after Prince
Menchikoff mission took away all foundation for
this single grievance, and that, if any government be
authorised to prefer legitimate complaints, it is not
the government of his Majesty the Emperor Nicholas.
"In fact, on the 10th of May last, Count do Nessel-
rode, who had then just received despatches from
the Russian ambassador at Constantinople, congra-
tulated himself with General de Castelbajac upon a re
salt which he regarded as a happy termination of
the affair of the Holy Places. M. Kisselef, in Paris,
made a similar declaration, and the agents of tho ca-
binet of St. Petersburg everywhere used the same
language. The demands subsequently made by
Prince Menchikoff, when the principal object of his
mission was attained, and when his return was al-
ready announced, were not therefore in any way
connected with those which he had prevailed upon
the Porte to acsept, and it was really a new question,
a more grave difficulty that arose at Constantinople,
at the very moment when Europe, an instant alarmed,
was invited by Russia herself to be completely
reassured.
" Taken, in some sort, by surprise, by demands
which they. had no grounds for suspecting, the
representatives of France, Austria, Great Britain,
and Prussia, at Constantinople, loyally employed
their efforts to hinder a rupture, the consequences of
which might be so fatal. They did not advise the
Porte to make any resistance of such a nature as to
expose itself to more serious dangers, and, una-
nimously agreeing that the demands of Russia
touched the liberty of action and sovereignty of the
Sultan too nearly to allow them to offer an
opinion, they left to the ministers of his
Highness alone the responsibility of the course
to be taken. There was, therefore, on their
part, no pressure of any kind, no interference what-
ever; and if the Ottoman government, left to itself,
would not subscribe to the conditions that were de-
sired to be imposed upon it, the reason must assuredly
have been that it considered those conditions entirely
incompatible with its independence and dignity.
" It was at such a conjuncture, sir, that Prince
Menchikoff quitted Constantinople, breaking off all
diplomatic relations with the Porte, and that it de-
volved upon the Powers bound by their traditions
and their interests to maintain the integrity of
Turkey, to trace out for themselves a line of conduct.
" His Impel+ d Mnjesty's government, in accord with
that of her Britannic Majesty, thought the situation
too menacing not to be narrowly watched, and the
French and English squadrons speedily received
orders to anchor in Bailie Bay, where they arrived
in the middle of the month of June.
"'this measure, one entirely of precaution, had no
character of hostility towards Russia. It was impe-
ratively called for by the gravity of the oireum-
, stances, and amply justified by tho preparation* for

war which for several months past had been making
in Bessarabia end the harbour of Sebastopol.
" The motive for the rupture between the Cabinet
of St. Petersburg and the Porte had, so to
speak, disappeared. The question which might
have been raised on the sudden at Constantinople 1

was that of the very existence of the Ottoman em-
pire, and his Imperial Majesty's government will
never admit such vast interests to be mooted ("se

(mune en jeu") without instantly claiming that
share of influence and uction which properly belongs
to its power and its rank in the world. To the
presence of a Russian army upon the land frontier of
Turkey, the French government had the right and
the duty to reply by the presence of its naval forces at
Besika, in a bay freely open to the ships of all na-
tions, and situated within those limits which treaties
prohibit the passing in time of peace.
For the rest, the Russian government was soon
about to take upon itself to explain the necessity
for the movement of the two squadrons.
For on the 31st of May, when it was impossible to
know at St. Petersburg, where the news only ar-
rived on the 17th of June, the resolution that might
be adopted by France and England, Count Nessel-
rode sent to the Porte, in the form of a letter, to
Reschid Paths, a final ultimatum, with a brief
delay, and which contained a very. clearly expressed
threat of an approaching occupation of the Dann-

bian
.• When this decision had been come to with a solem-

nity which no longer permitted a government jealous
of its dignity to modify it ; when by a circular dated
June 11, His Majesty the Emperor Nicholas caused
his resolution to be announced to Europe as if
to render its execution more irrevocable, our squad-
ron was yet at Salamis, and that of England had
not left the port of Malta.
"This simple comparison of dates suffices, sir, to
show from what quarter proceeded that initiative
now sought to be denied, while the responsibility of
it is thrown upon France and England ; it is also
sufficient to prove that between the communication
made to Paris and London of the proposition made
directly to Constantinople by Count Nesselrode, and
the rejection of that ultimatum, time was materially
wanting for the governments of his Imperial
Majeety and her Britannic Majesty to exercise
their influence at Constantinople one way or
the other. No, sir, I say it with all the
force of conviction the French government in
this grave debate has nothing to reproach itself with;
it repudiates from the depths of its conscience no
less than before Europe the responsibility imputed to
it, and strong in its moderation appeals in its turn to
the judgment of the cabinet. Setting aside the so
different objects of the two demonstrations, there was
perhaps a sort of analogy between the respective
situations when the Russian army was on the left
bank of the Pruth and the English and French fleets
cast their anchors at Besika. The analogy has dis-
appeared since the passage of the river, which forms
the limits of the Russian and the Ottoman empires.
Count Nesselrode seems to admit this when he
supposes the squadron to be already within sight
of Constantinople itself, and represents the military
position taken up by the Russian troops on the banks
of the Danube, as a compensation for what he calls
our ' maritime occupation.'
" The English and French forces do not by their
presence outside the Dardanelles infringe existing
treaties. The occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia,
on the contrary, constitutes a manifest violation of
these very treaties. That of Adrianople which de-
termines the condition of the Russian protectorate im-
plicitly states the case in which that power was to
be permitted to interfere in the principalities; it
was in case their privileges should be disregarded by
the Turks.
" In 1848, when these provinces were occupied by
the Russians, they were a prey to a revolutionary
agitation, which equally threatened their own secur-
ity, that of their sovereign, and that of the protecting
power. The convention of Balta-Liman established
that, if similar events should recur within a period of
seven years, Russia and Turkey should jointly take
measures to restore order.
"Are the privileges of Wallachia and Moldavia
menaced? Have revolutionary troubles broken out
in their territories? The facts themselves answer
that at present no cause has arisen for the application
either of the treaty of Adrianople or the convention
of Balta-Liman. By what right did the Russian
troops pass the Pruth if not by the right of war ?—a
war, I admit, the true name of which they will not
pronounce, but a war derived from a new
principle fraught with disastrous consequences,
which one ts astonished to see practised
for the first time by a power so eminently conserva-
tive of European order as Russia—a principle
leading to nothing less than the oppression in time
of peace of weak States by their powerful neigh-
bours.
"The general interest of the world is oppdsed to
the admission of such a doctrine, and the Porto in
particular has the incontestable right to see an act
of war in the invasion of two provinces
which, whatever may be their special organisation,
form an integral part of her empire. Neither
the Porte, therefore, nor the powers that might come
to her aid, would violate the treaty of July 13, 1841,
if she were to declare the straits of the Dardanelles
and Bosphorus open to the French and English
squadrons. The opinion of his Imperial Majesty's
government is formal upon this point; and although
it does not think this opinion, excludes the attempt
to find an efficacious means of concialiation between
Russia and Turkey, I have requested General de
Caatelbajac to make known to Count de Nesselrode
the way in which we view the subject, and to com-
, sunicate this despatch to him. I also authorise you
Ito transmit a copy to M—.
"Accept, air, the assurance of my high considera-
tion. " Ditoev:l-oe-Leue3."
PARIS, thruaesv.
A favourable reaction took place yesterday at the
Bourse, business generally being active and a rise of
about !, per cent. in nearly every description of stock
having occurred at its termination, the precise
amounts being 55c. In the Three per Cents. for
sash, and the Three and Four-and-a-Half per Cents.
foe the account, and 20c. in the Four-and-a-Half per
Cents. for cash. In Bank of France shares there
was an improvement of sf. The final quotations
were :—For cash : Three per Cents., 77fr. 45e. ;
Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 102 fr. 10e. For the
account : Three per Cents., 77fr. 35c.; Four-and-a-
Half per Cents., 102 fr. 03e. Bank Stock, 2,660 fr.
Northern, 860 fr. ; Paris and Orleans, 1,110 fr.; Paris
and Strasbourg, 910 fr. ; Paris and Lyons, 9101 r. ;
Paris and Rouen, 1033 fr.; Lyons to the Mediterra-
nean, 730 fr.; Western of 1' ranee, %Mr.; Rouen
and Havre, 493 fr.; Bordeaux and Cette, 618 fr. 75e. ;
Caen and Cherbourg, 610 fr.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

The Correspondance of Berlin of July 11, cited by
the Constitutionnet, says that the Prussian govern-
ment has abandoned the idea of sending a superior
officer to Constantinople, and that, after a cabinet
qouncil presided over by M. Man ten ffe l before bis de par-
ruse. an order was sent to the Prussian ambassador at
Constantinople to abstain from all participation in
the proceedings of the other powers, and to remain
neuter. "From this," adds the Correspondance, .. it
is evident that the Prussian ambassador will not act
in concert with the Austrian intermincio, and that
Prussia will avoid declaring against Russia."
The Djbata of Sunday says :—" A private tele-
graphic despatch from Narseilles, dated Saturday,
July 16, brings intelligence from Constantinople
which must come down to July 3, although the
despatch does not say so. When the boat kft there
was a certain degree of uneasiness at Constantinople.
It was feared that the Turks and Greeks, excited by
political circumstances, might commit some regret-
table excesses. The passage of the Pruth was just
known. Aixording to the latest news, the number
of Russian troops in Wallachia amounted
to 50,01 n) men. The French and English
ambassadors had requested the Greek government
to discontinue its maritime preparations. The fleets
' were still in Besika Bay."
The Constitutionnel says of the news brought by
this packet there wan but little change in the situa-
tion. It presented nothing alarming. We learn
1 from another source that a despatch from Vienna,
l received yesterda)• evening by a commercial house, I
1 announces that there is every rearm to hope the 1
Anglo-French proposition will lre accepted at St.
a Petersburg.
Tho Pays says:—" We have new details from
Cenatantinoplo proving the union which exists be-
tween the ambassadors of the divers powers to pre-

pare the way for a pacific solution. There
are, we ice told, frequent conferences be-
tween the repn,sentativcs of the four great powers,
nt understanding inspires the public
confidence. M. de Bruck not only joins
andt ththeir excelle .
his efforts to those os` his colleagues, but attempts to
find in his own initiat. ye new means of conciliation.
The representatives of t,he four powers arc, it is said,
agreed upon a form to bo given to their mediation.
A note, drawn up by the consent of all four, will be
communicated offrieusenvne to Russia by Austria,
and, after having obtained the consent of the Czar,
Austria will officially ask the Russian government to
receive an extraordinary ambassador from the Sultan
charged to remit the note and renew diplomatic re-
lations."
_ _ .

A letter from Jassy, dated July •tth, says:—
"General Dannenberg crossed the Pruth at nine in
the morning of the 3rd, with 10,000 Infantry. The
Russian troops entered the town at night in a pour-
ing rain, quite broken down with hunger and
fatigue. They were lodged in baste, and without
any order, upon private individuals. The soldiers
impatient for repose entered the houses by force, in-
stalled themselves, and imperiously demanded pro-
visions. All classes of the population are plunged in
profound consternation."

SWITZERLAND.

BERNE, JVLY 8.

What seemed a few weeks ago to be a political
crisis has disappeared. Everybody is calm, and we
aro all talking about the return of floe weather and
the shoals of travellers which a clear sky tempts to-
wards our Alps. English, as usual, form a large pro-
portion of the immigrants, and this year their
number is greater than ever. The Grcinsel Hos-
pice, which, as you know, was burnt down by the
incendiary Zybach, formerly its host, is in course of
reconstruction, and ten rooms are already finished.
A few days ago a young Jager from Turin shot a bear in
the Lukmanier pass. Last week an American boy was
lost in the Brunig. He was riding under the especial
charge of a guide, but while this person was lighting
his pipe, the horse slipped, and the lad disappeared,
irrevocably lost amongst the wet and snow.
The Parkiniento, of Turin, quotes a letter from
Berne, of the 7th, stating that the governments of
France and England have recommended the Federal
Council to use its influence with the canton of Ticino,
in order to induce it to put an end to tho Austro-
Swiss question, so inconvenient in the present state of
affairs in Europe. The Federal Government had
advised the Canton to admit the Austrian claim of a
pension for life to the eight Capuchins, but the Grand
Council of Ticino has absolutely refused to comply, on
the ground that Austria offers no indemnity to the
expelled Ticinese. In consequence of this, the Presi-
dent of the Federal Council is said to have addressed a
note to the foreign ministers residing at Berne, to the
effect that he cannot hold out the slightest hope of an
arrangement of the difference, upon a basis which
both the government and canton of Ticino refuse to
accept.