The Express.
London, England, 1849-03-09 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 9. 1849.

who b satinet to those taxes : se that yen will
had, if yea tannin this made* with the attention it
deserves, aid the sheens of passion which I doubt net you
will give to ft, that itis net the land which pays the lose
MlLLboth of the pea tate sad legacy duties. (Ct, sem)
is said genies of your present arrangement of
"tampp. (Hear, hear.) I mein then observalont in no
Mein eerie to the hon. gentleman opposite. I remember
eei=des, sad I will redeem it if ever he gives me as op-
p . But I do protest against the hon. gentleman or
ampbadyiee pnikederly after what I have nal, introdusing
IllimailiNOMMlS MOM late the airapls question which I
ma plaster behre yea. (Cheers and a laugh.) Is it
jen or unjust that real noperty, a quarter of the income of
thercountry should hear them burdens exdosir ly in which
property is enrlly keened? That is the question.—
The hon. gasulsenan may say that all property is sot equally
latersited. Bat if the hos. gentlemen take. a fine house in
Berkshire tomorrow, I dare say he will trot over the roads
is his neighbourhood—perhaps he will be a preserver of
game—perhaps his keeper may be shot by •
poacher—and the hoe. gentleman may prosecute the ponder
at the &sib's, without coneritrating either to the highway or
the county rates. (Hear.) Now, sir, the qumtion is, what,
under those otracastanees, is the best met hod of settling this
long vexed maiden. (Hear, hear.) Well, sir, I an afraid
that I shall t bon. gentleman opposite who have
very eaddemily annomeed that all I was going to do was
to move au a enamittee, when instead of that, I shall ex.
pre s my readiness, if the house will go into a committee of
the wheelhouse, to offer a plea foe their adoption. (Hear )
And, el She plea hi founded in justios—es the plan is con-
ceived his spirit of concillatioa—l hope it will have the
chases of ancesse. (Hear, hear.) Sir, I am perfectly aware
that, in annuthig. to settle this question, nothing meld be
more unwise than for the pawnor of real property to "dale
too severely on poor ratee. I admit the, In • coney like
lingiand, where a seem has existed LI• • considerable
weed, however oppressive sad however zebu, the
period of its deaden does not .alter the elmia. ef the
arrarigestsat, or mitigate the natant of the °wenn
bat still I • em guns *aware that, where • system
has existed for y Wiry considerable time, dent as
may be our ease, ft nelemary and it is wins to eon" lee
ward is • spied eseepromine, I do not say, it behalf
right to say, e: ilivaitissal purposes; no person for
monisativE tee not asthma purposes. Mb
lied Mania patposes is levied only mune
Midi nisei of the many ; we are ready to pay
maellaseth,lat you have as right to ask us to pay men.
We on ready ers pay our oat-fourth portion of the tee or
twelve miliffeas,but you eaaaot allege any memo, soy grin'
eel* which calk upon as to undertake • greater respead-
boity. Sir, I feel that it is of the greatest importune to
maims:a the load admhaistratioe of affairs that at present
obtains ha this nanny, sad therefore I shall sot propose in
say way te phulte ths system of self goverment that at
pretest Min I, therefore, saticipate that it will remain
and levy the rates es hitherto levied, but I do say that, ma-
'klub( all the dream. awns el the ease ; considering that
the lead has nine slight exemption', which are really el
vary Bede import, bet wink may be remembered at this
minisat, animating together, I believe, to 140,0001. a year,
bat width ft may be seaveniset to rid the lead of by chug-
iZatebbilatee thas exist ; masider the groat int==
the proe local onnnen, the
thee Os fame for wnhich the Cann shall be penanally
'band of wares be of eseslderable
=M1211., esadderiog toe that this is • period
la whisk portions of the empire, and all great
beds mad be prepared to make great ascribe., I say in a
spirit of eampreaden and • , I shoal propose that,
the present_ enema of local adasinisetatios remaining, the
present levylag of rates eentioulag, the local districts
should be vollesesible for one moiety of this taxation, and
that the other moiety should be contributed by the coesol-
dated fond—(hear, hear)—the (government having no
difficulty, by the machinery which it at present possesses.
with very slight modification', of obtainieg from the privileged
properties their quotas. Now, sir, I take that to be a just pro-
position. I thick terms might have boss demanded, founded
upon justice, extravagant and violent, but I thick that the
proposition that I have made is one which all men, after due
reflection, will consider a fair and reasonable preposition—a
proposition founded in justice, recommended by policy,
aid • proposition which, it put in practice, will give relied to
the suffering portions of real property in a legitimate
manner, not by their demanding any favour from the
community, but only the recognition of their rights.
(Hear, hear.) Now, sir, I am at a loss to conceive where
the great opposition to this proposition will arise. I shall
be surprised if any pence in authority rises in this house
and maintains that this taxation of 10 or 12 millions is not a
burden upon real property which no other pro pert ahem. As
as the section of real ninny is whom cause I
am not more advocating than the other, but whose distressed
condition particularly has brought me forward to-night—es
far as that particular section of real oroperty is columned,
we have the opinion of the right hon. gentleman, the mem-
ber for Tamwerth, almost in the last speech that he
made before the year 1846, recognising fully these bur-
dens. He placed his vindication of the corn laws,
believe 13 late back as the year 1815 or 1841, when he
was minister, urn the acknowledged burdens upon
!and, and he substituted the system of taxation to
which the resolution which I have laid on the table ref,
hear)—but the prime minister of the mouse day—
I am not going to read any old speech," of the node lord or
any ens else; I em ring to refer to • docenneat much more
interesting, and ills not my wish to say • word m
the past; but on a memorable connion, whoa, sib=
others, • men wand he eineere, sad thoughtful and gram.
uneaten and went thus width he del with feelings of deep
responsibility; triton the acids bed failed in forming his
government at the conmeneemene of 1846, and commun .
mead, in language befitting the esetalos, his fellers to hie
sovereign, he left in that dome solemn deneasek
this pangs. " Lord John Rama is deeply sondem of the
embarrassment caused by the present Mee of public WAS 1
he will be ready to do all in bin power, m a member el pee
liamant, to promote the settlement of the question, which at
paint is • same of so much duper, espeoially to the wel-
fare and pane of Imbed. Lord John Basset' would have
formed a ministry on the basis of free trade in corn, to les
established at MOB without dein ; he would have wimp
paned that proposal with measures to relieve to a cuddle
able extent the occupiers of land from the burdens to width
they are subjected." (Cheers from the protectionists.)
Well, that is • great authority in favour of those burden.
The right hon. gentleman and the noble lord are my wit-
nesses in answer to the'hon. gentleman, who, I doubt not,
will get up in his places sad be able to maintain in •
that real property is not subjected to imposts whisk sew
property is liable to and unjustly exempt from. Well, Is It
because they who are most powerful in this house are to be
considered before all others, that her if ejesty's ministate
shrink back from the idea of performing this great see of
jetties of levying anythiag like an imp up the privileged
peoparties / That is imptatible. It Lon
only last year that
they ems forward with • proposition to firissam the
lamas tax ; net to do • great act of Judas, not to endlies
rival slames, net le semen what may be considered
an Wend and wined interest of great isportenutinPlaitT
do whet? I never could make it ant, but I believe it wee te
pay dimmable; hat if the militia had been called out, then
thin ewe have been the militia rate, for which real pro-
pert* need have been liable. Well, then, coesidain that
the nee lord sad the right hen. gentleman have both re
=6l.4the minim of these burdens in their amplest and
extent, masideriag that the proem which I
negated as the means by with* this just appe-
aring* an take plate b a maddisery which the
anis bed ma make nee of, I want to know what opposition
I ea to resolve from the seena who are the pure names
of liberal pebsiplan who are the vindkatcos of main every
dime; whose hearts are always touched at the very sound
of lejnolise. and who are always prompt to some forward to
miner the 'weed t Are they going to complete the
talons of their Muni 'doe, sad maintain that their pre
penes shall be pri • ? (Hear.) They ma have no aberrant
hostility to the proems of rdie whisk I have indicated ;
they are all if them admirer of direct taxation; we have
suffered mike it for many years' we wish you
should taste traits. Under then eireunuitancen. consider-
the the maidea we pones of the opinion of loading men;
esasideeleg the !milky with which the machinery of the
bents ten may be extended by the present government ;
the abstract approbais is favour of direct tax-
salt= is peelimed by boa. gentlemen opposite ; I hope
dilsel=ippr:tood interest ef real property lam some chases
of wee. (lieu hear.) Do not let the house
=euetits ontheings the IIIiSMS eft Mt
. Do set be them imagine that that par-
tite of the real property manseeed with the etildvatioa
of Ind b ad at thL monent la • Mats ot depression m ter-
rible is has been schnwisaged by the hen meshes. for
Manenster. Toe me hen eager they an to nide relief
by the pelitlen whisk I'baw pined ea the bee today for
the repeal of the malt-tan Tea me how eager a
peeks of this weft'', immediatel interested in the
of bulgy, ere for the repeal et the tn. Ton
ad hoof moss who an not immediately intended,
wn me net able to prove
edZateiworuld obtain
say greet advantage in their sae incise
Mg under this weight of unjust tiondsa ; eager they
are to adept the list remedy that is eared le then I have
a:premed in the mend mediation width I hen pissed upon
the table of the beam, my einem opines as lhe subject of
the malt tax. I think that when we nmeether that the
landed interest d this country has a coosidesable portion of
real property ethjest to this taxation whisk I have referred
to in the first reedation, it is a great segravatica when they
remistabes teed more than on-third of the roman
; reedied by the excise is contribated by reatric-
deem Geddes of their growth. Sir, I think the
dielenniessennetted with this tax have been to frequently
been the benne that I shall not trouble, with too muck de-
tag, Anatilmea with dreanneasess with which they ere
fion_arrLhat there are dreamenacen connoted with the
In relief in rupee to this tax which must be
ir=od7oolettel by the hens before they can comprehend
the feel s se the Sumer won this saline. Why, sir, this
suffering tine mane bat remember that 20 peen ego they
made an typed to the How of Cleemosee for the
repeal of thislin. What wee the maws ? The sower
was, that the minister could net spar. the roman.
He could not sine the 3n mildew was then rind by '
the malt tan -The him, yielded the repressatalbas of
thilinennemill. and nee peer, if I remember right, armed'
saint tandem was taksa off him other articles
Wby men Now, dr, I do not want to go
e the taei whether that was wise or unwise in the
if
day, I ask you, was it ingenuous to
silt in that way ? or are you surprised
est sheik remember that with mortifiw
din with leaned confidants la the bailee
men of this eshatry ? What happened in the year 1836 1
The eighties. gentleman, the member for Tamworth, was
then Wain of this cautery, perhaps the meat difficult and
not the bast distinguished portion of his eminent career.
In that year there was great agricultural distress, and the
great body of the agriculturists of England were of opinion
that the repeal of the malt tax =The give them relief.

Then wss • what w
alled • • ties, in in mien days ' The sable
iced who thee reprotented the eatmel Bedthelthens,
nth Mho is still remembered by the Ihneen 'el that
needy with raspiest for his kidded and sibilinnt essideet—
(hear, hear)—bed pledged damsel( to Inn leeward a main
be the repeal of this tax ; and cannoneer wed painful se
meawealth
of podtiwaea mould of the formation of the 'overt-
t the
How wee the hoe. ma yrn?,
The right hen meth-
he robented his pledge.
rightquads& met
mare, surdas all lib • pews: to refute the statsmas that
wore elated,- admialetered some seism* millidenti to the
matey gentlemen. The right hen. igendinen asitltelre
UM what you are about; pee Mrggeelf pm
malt tax, bat I will tell me totes des war have
linen, a good comfortable • prepwty ten. WM Wee use
an are» "raked %pea the amisaltaral haunt. (Hear,
hear, an knitter) They fled like sheep. Some came
down to the horse, rescinded all their promises to their ose-
ethane, "dreamt dreams sad saw videos." Well, what
have yea got now ? You have get the melt-tax ; you have
get the good comfortable property tax. (" Hear, hear," and
laughter.) With all those burden cm land which yea band
so °votaries, and which the right boa. madness at his last
eintonte agreed were so oppressive besides, are You
ssaerrpprruuesed teat the tarmen of England, alter mutt
as these, should be a little fll and an.
manageable ? I am not surprised that meta in distress dwell
Ay to the first harbour for refuge sad security; but when
yea recollect how ohm this quashes has been armed out of
kora, 'how frequently it has been brain famed with
every chases of success, that cmos, to oomph» the note»,
war carried and rosined immeeffsesly afterwards, are you
ara that the farmers shodel bogie to feel some distrust
kt. efedeet of public men ? (Load miss of " Hear, hear,"
keen CoL Sibtharp, amidst meek laughter.) Now, aft, that
this is an injury to the farmer I do sot think aay one can
he a moment seriously doubt; that it is a tax on the eon.
earner is no answer to this complaint: Mr.Macallseti,the
pelitiesl ecoseenht, and though a pelting esesemist a very
amide than—(a laugh)—is, I thof ice withentessepthen, of
all esensaieal writers, the most pranks, thea asa ea-
qedeted with. it,. Menthe*, is anonigatmfa 'en of
hidwerks the Moen d fixed duty width Mt ffensed aught
es le greeted' to "he land on mneite 111 h
is of their' being Slant lOW* than ter vier
of the emaranlty ; thintertaini" ag the Menne! his find
Vory,at pats down the malt tax se Minn edible lee
. the demand on the pert of the farmer is net so
unreasoned' a Mao wand my. I do set dwell en the do
resetie aaaniness whith this tax eons, they an haw* to
all. of es, they are felt by meet of in. lad
they are the hourly convened** of these men at every
party. Having frequently expressed nay opinion oa
this subject, as tar as regards past preposition,
and the moult of loss and Annoyance to the
farmer, I will, eves at the risk • of losing
the favour which they have bestowed ea me, smog them
not to peers for the reped of the malt tax. (" Oh, eb.")
Aid I will give you ay reasons why. I advise then not to
press for the repeal of the malt tax, beethee I am cominced
that the of benefit which they will receive will be
any angered with the rend incoaveniens which
k . The particular reason why I nommen them
ash to prom for the repeal of the malt tax is, that if
thsy obtain at this moment the repeal of the
melt tax, they will obtain what may . neve a fatal
thank to memos of relief, sub u that which I have pro-
ad ether. which I hope we may be able to propose.
(Rear, hoer.) The measure which I have mowed to-night
will allow me to take Ave or six millions of talatiOa off the
real property of this estuary. Its benefits will be felt Is
every aid in every farmhouse in the coney ; its
benefits wi I be felt in every town in the cothery. It is
set • sectional advantage ; at is not a asearieet arrange-
ment ; it will benefit every farmer cue hundred times
mire than the repeal of the malt tax, sad hewill feel,
at the sues time, that great bodies of his countrymen, not
mmeeted with agriculture, are equally benefited by mea-
sure founded ou justice, and die truth of which no one »a
dispute. But, sir, we must not consul from ourselves that
if se deity them men justice, U we meet this plain unan-
swerable cam, one-fourth of the smut of the whole pro-
perty being visited by this incubus of taxation,to the amount
of ten or twelve millions, from which privileged pro-
perties are exempted—that if we will net meat
those men in a spirit of justice, you will have
an appeal to the repeal of the malt tax.; you will have an
append to the repeal of other tans; you will make au op:
preyed and aggrieved population nu amuck spinet ail
Mier. (Hear, hear.) Sw, I have been asked by the gentle-
me' of Ireland whether I intended that the resolution'
which I have plain on the table should apply to their coun-
try. It is my intention that they should apply to
their sountry. I can see so rune and no
principle why the applicatios should not be made.
If I am salad why I have not Included Inland in the
terms of my present motion, I answer it a bemuse the de-
tails and the arguments applicable to that comary are eon-
anted with entirely distinct and different principles. To
Mate the me of that unhappy country would require that
' I should sear Into other and very extensive statements of
tZgsad fens ; and it is sty wish to rest the evel have
y stated in support of the resolution I have placed on
the table es the simple strength of is own Justin, to be
halt with
ho by the candour sad wisdom of the house.
Bat if the use will only grant me the committee
which I seek to obtain, I will undertake to call
far another measure of an analogous character that shall be
applitable to Ireland, sad bean ea the same principles.
(Hear, hear.) I cannot see what argument ma be urged
*faint the title of Ireland to be relieved by some Anne
Maim of a remedial character. I do not suggest title u •
beim to helms: which will be effective to resuscitate her out
of her preent deplorable condition ; but I offer It as as
which !reified is entitled to call "pen the
=rialirest of this country to assist her is candor to be
esniel wee provided her own lauded interest will make
omen with that of this country. It would be a beneficial
aressimat, as I conceive, for Ireland; sad she is well
sodded to it. An hon. gentleman hoe found fault
with me for not including Inland in my proposition,
an wishes to know why I have not so extended
it? 111, saner is that I do not wish to interfere with
the pelaelple of the resolution I have framed; and that
I do net madder the proper time to have arrived yet for a
of the same dad with regard to that country.
Haar, hear.) I was taunted the other night by an hon.
member, who is himself one of the representatives for be-
hind, because I opposed the messures that had been brought
bewail by her Majesty's government without proposing any
other in their place. (Hear, hear.) Sir, allow ato soy,
that that aitician was not very fair nor very happy. It is
besides, rather stale. It is neither new nor true. (Cheers.)
But, sir, I have yet to learn that it is any part of our duty,
if we disapprove of the measure' brought forward by the go-
vernment, to submit to this house measures of our own in
Itsaotthem. (Hear, Mu.) We are, sir, an oppositien—
per duty accordingly is to oppose, not to propose. (Chem
and laughter from all aides.) I can easily undefeated why
hoe. gentlemen opposite do not approve of as opposition
which challenges their acts sad does not replace them by its
own. (Heir, hear.) But we are sensible et our own
duties, and man to Wan to them. I will venture to tell
Irish gentlemen that there Is one great principle upon which
they must be distinctly agreed among themselves before they
cat reasonably hope to see any measure carried that will be
effectual for the purposes of reviving and protecting the
industry and the property of Ireland. They must lay aside
their fatal feuds—(cheers)—and co-operate n• the benefit of
their common country, with a total abandonmeat of mere
wd.or private objects. (Cheers.) My Roble and lamented
had he been spared to as to resume hie seat here this
year, was prepared with a bill which would have effected kr
the Leith people the suns beneficial objects which I em
desirous tosses» es behalf of the fanners and the agricultural
community of Inland. It would have done even mare, had
he been permitted to terry out to their fall scope the
views which he entertained of the nuns that might be
applied to the development and encouragement of their re-
sources and their labour. But it will be noshes to embark
is say attempt thus to assist Ireland, unless Irish members
will abandon their political hostilities, and within their
Meat In the land with that of the ems epodes Opeciperty
kinked. No error ere be gem fatal to titm or mere
disenons to their own future keens" and the Mien of
bid, than that the k _ prepeidarke ef the two
Manes should net this emeldin to mere theft jest
*Ma. (Hear, hear.) I have now eakatened to W he-
lm the hew briefly and fairly I trust. end temperately I
betheve—(hear, heart—the views sad simpaises of those
she oloaplain of the grievances, the sWieat al whisk I
have endeavoured to embody in the aueeifb. cm your
table. Then chaplains and these plevesess are
ea 'forth in behalf 'of a portion of that Bunter-
en
lad inflan community Is Ragland, Welch
io irked, in thepopular language et the day, " the
internew=ear, bear)—• pees hod of the Hagfish'
eanidered in reterense le their no-
sig.= meaniy or by their weight sad inflames,
renikkg bum their raid position sad the
possmaiona may still toast forth" most on
order of our society. (Hoar, Mc) Si,, it
would be disingennas in me U on this *Leedom I were to
attempt to coned from the house the fast that the Laded
laterest do nothomplain merely of the grievance" set forth on
these resolution', bat furthermore, of a gross isjiuy which
they deem that they have Nedra at the hands of this
house. (Hesr, hear.) It is sot in, intention to enter sow
into the consideration of the poky or innolley of these
great meentres which you pond three years ago, which you
passed, and which they deplore. (Hear, her.) Bat it is
say duty to »present to you, that dull or indifferent ea you
have sometimes affected to suppose them, they have not
bees anokervent or anatiedfid of what has layman in this
nanny at late years, and cf much that has been date, or of
sank that has been said with regard to than is this hone.
They have witnessed the rise se expansion in this country of
sew properties, of new sources of influence, and new in-
terests • and they have witnessed all this without jealousy,
because: the spirit of their own oonnexiou mike in the doo-
trine that national prosperity is %ended on that of all classes
in the nation united .Cheers.) Cheers.) They have sot regarded
with any hostile feeling the right and legitimate represent&
don of these new interests and properties in this house. But
they know that they have been regarded themselves with
other feelkes, by representatives of three other in-
terns now sitting on the opposite heath's. (Cheers.)
It is bat right that you should understand that it
was not without emotion they have observed that
the teem of your legislation (or years past has been
to avast those new properties with mintage" and favour,
and simultaneouly to deprive the landed interest of those
which it had prevbusly possessed. (Hear.) They say that
nueb has paned is parlament, not uncharted by them—
that much has beea said in debates is either home, and been
recorded to the world, from which it would appsar that
they have besu treated and spoken of even by ministers of
state, with contempt—(hear, hunt)—aye, sir, and even by a
mks of one of those peat end exalted houses, of whom it
has been said, that they lave the land and that the land still
loves them. (Cheers.) They are not ignorant that they
have ben held up to public opprobrium, and ridicule, and

Vahr Ideed deemegegen—(hear).-aad leaders of
rieties. They have issithetthtest tUt their benciur-
teihnney, Ithe their whim anaing. width in the ehl eye
weesasidered the Inman ef geth mid the neegeleasn et
knees, las bean elfgmatbed and swaged at as an inenbes en
English ant improvement. (Hear. hoer.) Sir,
they hare net that even that very empire which
was au Neel by the *dour, and established by the blood
lend the deludes of their own sweeten, be. Imes held top to
public hatred end 'venation es a plea el oundwou and
unerieldly machinery, of
y dodged to peseson the rapacity
and to feed the tummy of them territerW houses. (Chun )
I Now the fact is, that then things are very hard to digest.
(IL laugh ) Whether theme &any of iadhgnadon be well
grounded or haseinn, this at least is certain :—it was the
opinion of a vary-greet man, and I recommend it to the se-
rous attention of her Majesty's goverment, that there is
nothing more dangerous to tiso wan than that any ens
ghat clam in it should eamesin itself to have been
designedly treated by parliament with disrespect. (Hear,
bear. •Itis a fast, that the pride and pi
the Laded interest in this country have been deeply
wounded by thebearing which has been manifested
towards them ; and whether there be any adequate founda-
tion for this feeling of irritation or not, it is one which I
should recommend no minister lightly to tamper with, or
when ones aroused to treat with contempt. The truth is,
that it hen been somewhat too long a habit with certain
parties in this hones to mums that they might with impu-
nity observe a tone of indifference towards the landed pro-
prietary. It became a proverbial remark, even with Sir R.
Walpole himself, that the country gentlemen were a race
who might always be fleeced with impunity; and more nu-
de= demagogue have followed out this doctrine with addi-
tional acrimony. Some of the leaders on the opposite benches
have sweated that if not • single acre of land were to remain
ander cultivation in England the country itself would net
suffer la coutiquence. But, under any cummetenen, I do
trust to the proverbial loyalty of the landed interest ; trust
you to their 107tity, but do not abuse it. (Loud cheers )
aka which wet said of the owners and cultivators of the
land three thousand years ego isms `of the noblest legacies
of political Wein and wiedeni which has descended th us
from antiquity--that the aerioulturel elan is the least
given to sedition—is equally true et this day. (Rear,
btu), I do net doubt that It is as Wie oi
the English in their wising and among their valleys
it it was of the old Greets in their islands and tbtar lend-
ante. (Hear, hear) The owners ef your soil, it may be
just as well to remember) owe the tenders of your linntieso
sad bane now their bleed hasiewelf unjustly in their dedi-
cation of the law. It was tble bleed that resisted the payment
of ship-money, and the eless to whist It belonged is entitled
now to he not lightly regarded. (Cheers.) If I look to the
objects which are profaned by theme on whom behalf the
resolution on the table has been petard, I find them con-
trasted net disadvantageously with thess who would speak
of them so disparagingly. Sir, the kind which is inscrib. d
upon their rural banners at tide mement, although it be a
very homely one, is one which, if I mistake not, ie yet des-
tined to appeal ancensfully to the hearts and feelings of their
countrymen—" Live and let live." (Cheers.) They are for
that union ef all interests which, as I before ob.
served, is the foundation of all national prosperity.
You—and I speak now to many leaders of that movement
wheat I set opposite tome—have adopted very different views
and a very difmwtrule of conduct. Whilst you have pro-
claimed that it woad be a matter of indifference if every
OM la England WWII Ott of cultivation, you have also pro-
claimed in every coiner and market-plan in the kingdom
that it would be your one absorbing object to ware by any
means the monopoly of the commerce of the universe, and to
become the workshop of the world. (Loud cheers from the
opposition beeches.) Your systems, thee, are contrary. Whilst
they invite • union of all dance for the benefit of all, ,
you would sacrifice all others for the benefit of one—(loud
than)—to establish that in all its selLh and solitary mag-
nificence, you would be content to raise it upon the ruins of
every other. I believe, for my own part, that the noncurrent
testimony of all history confines the advice which every
good and honest man would give yes, and which I would
therefore most solemnly press upon your attention, vie , that
if you would snore and perpetuate the institutions under
which a emetry Yee *maned its greatness, you cannot hope
permanently to effect your object by any wane so at-
tain u guaranteeing the stability of the territorial principle.
I see no reason why you should form an exception to that
which the page of hitter, has hitherto reeorded—that you,
too, should not fade like the Tries dye and moulder like
the Venetian palaces—{bud cheers from the opposition
butellos)—but, united with the landed interests, you will
secure the beet foundatioia, and you will find eves in that
interest a counsellor in year troubles, in your dangers an
undaunted champion, and in you adversities a ready cna.
tomer. (Loud cheers.) It is to waist in producing those
results that lam about, sir, to place in your hands these
reselutioste. (Hear, hear.) I wish to see the sgriculture, the
emaseeree, arid the manufactures of Ragland not adversa-
ries, but comatee and , and if drab at all, or, in a iy
ewes ofthe ward, rivals only In the ardour of their patriotism
and in the activity of their public spirt.. (Loud cheers.)
The hen. gentlemen gemtleded by moving the following
ressistisee

lhsß the whets if Vahan Welke of the country kw astiosal put-
pate has ad" V set minute*, ca reel peoyerty, realm with
sodas eseenty at the essiskes of bad, tad is a mom beadows to
the agrisnitml ...tr
ice/ the , and le weal. Wahl,
satin Warta" sat min& Vat Mai* af
nest
.le Med la the bet tha thaw alealre efZwittibrie
hen emit Is lease as seriesitsral mama which
is exposed by mat aoaapa la the law to threat Illeapailtlsa with
the untaxed prods..[ Maas sensitise ; sad that the ham pro.
does beteg thus slettliabe the bona d bgak dinprbldheentl7 en-
tessebsiotht pram is 4 limbs the amen far 'Ma oca m-
ast:Wen width aheisnely betoche
e the conduce of
=ate tad the made. a his adeary; sal with
that this house will
mobs itself isle a ematate if the whets hem to fate into Dam-
demise the ramie Oda griewassa of ebb* the omen sod oC-
=istsof nel hus empiels, se
busiges ot to Melba ama tilt-
apportistmeat of tle
- - -

The motion having ism seesmded,
Mr.:HUMB ;said he had &teas' with attention to the
speech of the hoe. member who had just resumed his seat,
and he could not bat express his utter astonishment at the
remedies suggested by the hon. member, sad the extramdi.
nary means by whittle he (Mr. Disraeli) proposed to relieve
that distress which he depicted as existing amongst the sari.
cultural interests. (Hear, hear.) He had paid particular
attention to the hoc. gentleman's speech, in order to guess,
if possible, by what means—by what practical means—that
distren was to be removed; bit he bad listened in vain. The
fact *was, the hon. gentleman's speech was not at all in
accordance with the resolutions proposed. (Hear,
hear.) It was stated that certain burdens hed
pressed with undue severity upon the occupiers
of land. They had, however, heard nothing whatever of the
occupiers of land from the hoe. gentleman, for his °beer-
vatMns were principally directed to matters affecting the
landlords. (Hear, hear.) With respect to local taxation,
he (Mr. Hume) Whited to ask those on whose behalf the
hon. gentleman had come forward that evening how the
tenant farmers could be benefited by the addition of an-
other income tax ? How could they be benefited by
6,000,00 W. of new taxes ? The income tax at present was
7d. in the pound, but it would require 16d. in the pound
to afford relief to the proprietors of land in this count y,
without any Terefilloll whatever to the occupiers. (Hear.)
With what justice could that be done ? He denied altogether
the position of the hon. gentleman. It was just that the
landed proprietors should pay that which had been
from time immemorial paid by those who had been
proprietors of the land originally. The hon. gentleman
asked why should the poor's rates, police tax, county rates,
&e., be levied upon the land ? Why, elm ly for this reason,
that those who obtained the land ly had undertaken
to perform as a consideration for it certain military
and other services for the benefit of the country at large ;
and why should not their representatives either continue
now to do so or pay for them? (Haar, hear.) Therefore he
denied altogether the position of the hon. menace for Buck-
inghamshire, that those local taxes which were applied for
general purposes were all levied for the exclusive advantage
of the particular locality, and that the public at large had
nitlu3.l whatever todo with them. If the land had been
y obtained oa those coaditiees—if passion of it
originally rest originally had subject to those burthens, why
should they not be still endured by the proprietors ? (Cries
of" Question, question.") He (Mr. Hume) would therefore
tell the bon. member that every ono who was the
owner of lands In this country obtained theta subject to
those !earthen., and if they thought proper not to perform
the services in person, they should pay for the performance
of (Hear. bear.) They were bound to pay the local
taxes, and e would be most unjust for their relW to saddle
them uponths country at large. It was quite clear that land
bed always been purchased subject to such burthseas
.these. He would, for instance, appeal to any hon. gulag-
man who had purchased (land at any time in this eountly.
Why, doubtless, the first matey be inquired about
was the amount of county rates, end other similar
taxes. He struck those or the vales put upon
the land, and after deducting those expeasee, the
balance was estimated as the marketable value. The ru-
che= lud,therefeee, no right to say that he should be
arempted free the payment of suit rates, for, in fact, he
bad WIT contributrA one shilling towards them. (Hear,
hear, and cries of" Order at the bar.") The hon. gentleman
who moved the rseclations had asked, with what justice
could the lauded proprietors be called upon to pay such
taxes. The answer was very simple. They were allied upon
to pay them with precisely the same amount of justice with
which any man should be called upon to pay his just and
honest debts. He purchased his land subject to those rem
—he knew he should pay them—he was aware he
purchased the land subject to them, and he should therefore
be hold responsible for them. The hoe. member fur Buck-
inghamshire called upon the house to relieve the proprietors
of Lad from liability to the payment of several uslions,
and to saddle them upon others in the shape of taxes. If
that had been done nothing mild be so clear in his (Mr.
Hume's) mind than ;that snob a COM, would be an act of
the utmost injastios—of complete robbery. (Hear.) Why
should the proprietors of land be relieved from the payment
of those taxes which they had been already allowed for
and which they had deducted from the estimated
value of the lands they pruritus& It that
was the case, and he challenged a contradiction of
the facts he stated, what became of the argument of the hon.
gentleman who had last addressed the house? It was all
moonshine. (Laughter.) In feet, the speech of that hon.
gentleman was like a call upon the public in consideration of
the great distress of the landed interests. They were, how-
ever, bound in law and in equity to contribute their fair
share towards the liquidation of local taxes. They had Rus
chased their estates subject to such burthens, and it would be i
most unfair now to exempt them from their papaw*.
Theme were all properly local taxes, and should be paid ex-
clusively by the local Interests. It would be gross mastic*
to propose their imposition on the p-ople generally, and
therefore he said that to propose to relieve the tenant lumen
by such means was only to nuslead them. (Hear, hear.) If
the whole twelve millions of local taxation were taken off,
the landlord would still demand the same rent, and thus the
tenant would be left in the same situation as before. Il•
L could not believe that the tenant farmers would be so stolid

sad stupid as to support the present motion ; and when he
looked to what some of them had said within the last Lerty-
eight boars, he was confirmed in that opinion. One of them.
bed said, that sales there was a groat reduction of taxation
the tenant roomer need expect no reti.l But what was the
proposition of the hos. member fee Bucks ? It was simply
to add six m'llieus to the present enormous taxation of the
country. We paid sixty millions, sad the hon. member
would make us pay sixty-six as • mods of relieving the con-
dition of the farmers. (Hear hear.) Where was it to come
from ? It could only be relied by another income tax, and
the whole would go into the pockets of the landlords. Ho
saw that at all the recant farmers' meetings the general cry
was fur reduction of taxation, and that was kis cry also. He
wanted to bring down fifty-nine to forty-nine, to take off ten
million', which at the present moment were premiss down
all the springs of the :wheal industry. He must complain
of the manner in which the hon. member for Bucks
had thought proper to address the representatives of
the manufacturing interests. The hon. member
had talked as if Manchester and Liverpool were
alone interested in the national establishments and
should alone boar all the burden. Among ethic things, he
bad been surprised to hear the hon. member say that Man-
chester and Liverpool should bear all the expense of the
packets, because they were the places principally benefited.
He would ask the hon. member what made the Lnd of Eng-
land five times as valuable as the land of Poland ? The
land was not better ; what, then, was it that enabled it to
have such rents as were now paid, and which enabled the
proprietors of the tail to live in such magnificent style ?
(Hear, hear.) It was the enhanced value given to its pro-
ducts by the consumption of Liverpool, and Manchester, and
Birmingham; the aid given to it, in fact, by the manu-
factures of the country. (Hear, hear.) He could tell
them that, but for manufacture., the land would
be worth very little. At one of the meetings to
which he had alluded it was stated that land which
in )792 was worth only 7001. a year, now let fin 4,0001., snit
yet the hon. member for Bucks contended that the mann-
teetering interest had been of so little service to the land as
to make it just that it should bear all the burdens of the
country. The motion of the hon, member was neither
nem» nor lees than an appeal ad misericordiani. " Clive us
six millions," says the hoe. member, but he would not get
any in the way he proposed. He (Mr. Hume) believed that
the time was coming when justice would at last be done.
The landed interest had long batlike imposition of toms in
their hauls, and they had nothiltffirected tte expenditure:
Neither had they forgotten to eppdpriate a fall abate of the
profit and patronage to themselves and their families. But
they had not paid the taxes. There was hardly an impost
wM& did not come from the people at large. On these
grounds he looked upon the melee* of the bon. member for
Backs as an entire failure. (Hear, hear.) The hon. mem-
ber would not advise the farmer. to look tor the repeal of the
malt tax. He aid, "It will not relieve you at all. 1 can
do meek better for you by laying upon you an additional
tax of 74. in the pound, the produce of which is to go into
the pockets of the landlords." Now, although the hon.
member did not think fit to propose a repel of the melt tax,
he (Mr. Hume) would assist the tenant farmers by proposing
its repeal, and he would new state to the house what it was
be meant to propose. He had constantly maintained that
the malt and hop duties were two of the went taxes that
could be imposed. Twenty years before, when a proposition
was brought forward for the repeal of the malt tax, he had
voted in the majority, and it would have been repealed had
not the country gentleman come down on the following even-
ing and romoded his own vote. Wien his hoe. friend the
member for the West Riding had proposed a rodeo ion of
ten millions in the expenditure, he (Mr. Hum.) had sup-
ported him, and he would now state what taxes he would
remit with the produce. He would now remind the house
that in 1821 he proposed a reduction of four millions and a
half in the taxation ; and every tax that he then proposed to
strike off had been remitted since. He had I rorosed to
strike off the talt-tax 1,5000001., and the hater tax. Both
had since been remitted. The soap-tax he had also proposed
to strike off, and would have succeeded had not Lord Mont-
esgle been in office. (A 13,310.) One half of the tax was
taken off, and the remainder promised in the following year ;
but, like many other promises, it was broken. However,
3,800,0001. of his proposttion was struck off, and anyone who
lived to see the next ten years; would see the same result fol-
low his hon. Mend's porosities. Now for the malt tax.
(Hear.) Let it not be supposed thinks proposed to take it off
all in one day. (Hear, beer.) Radial reformer as he was,
he must work cautiously until he had got all the tenant
farmers an his side. (A laugh.) He did not think it would
be long until he had them. Mr. Bennett, at one of the
farmers' meetings, had said, "A few hours will test those
gentlemen who call themselves the larme-s' friends. Let us
mark who among them will rapport Mr. HUMS'S proposi-
tion. Those who do not need never look this way agoin.
A general election will settle an" Indeed. so heavy was
the taxation, so useless the expenditure, that if the county
members only behaved well he bad every hope of reduction.
He was not afraid of the borough members, bad as the
constitaenciss were—and they were very bad—(hoar, hear)
—only the small ones. (A laugh.) All they wanted wax
to have the constituencies made larger. (Hear, hear.)
Hon. gentlemen apposite might gather from the speeches
made at their own meetings within the lest 48 hours what
would be their fate at the next election if they were not pre-
pared to support a general reduction of expenditure and of
taxation. (Hear.) He proposed to take off ten =Wiens
from the expenditure of the country, and this seas the way
he would deal with It. He would repeal the malt tax,
amounting to 5,225,0001., and the hop duties, which
amounted to 392,0001. He had long felt it to be his duty to
endeavour to make the food of the people cheap by making it
free of taxes. That object being achieved, he would do Lis
beet to make their beer cheap by taking off the malt end hop
duties He had
favour of those taxes except that they were for the benefit of
the agricultural population. But bespoke for the agriculural
population when he demanded die repeal of these taxes,
which theylkuew pressed heavily upon them, fettering their
industry and crippling their energies, and deriving the
labourer of a beverage which wee neceseary to the mainten-
ance of his strength. He was informed, on good authority,
that, the malt-tax repealed, good beer could be had for Id. a
pot. ("Ph," and a laugh.) Yes 'as good beer as was now
charged 3d. could then be supplied for ld. (Hear, hear.)
This would increase the sale of barley, and so benefit the
tenant farmer and the labourer at the same time. Ho did
not however, propose this change for the benefit of the
agricultural labourer alone, but for that of all the working
men in the country; and the poorer the man, and the
lower the wage', the more necessary it was that he should
have at his command a wholesome nourishing drink instead
of resorting to ardent spirit*. (Hear, hear.) The text
taxes he would remove were those on light—the window-tax,
and the tax on soap ; and here he was sure he
should have the support of all those honourable
members who were the advocates of sanitary improvements.
(Hear.) The window tax produced 1,663,0001.; soap,
990,000/. ; bricks (which the agricultural party joined with
malt), 445,0001.; and paper, 745,0001. After reducing the
expenditure to the standard of 1835 the taxes he would ro-
deo. were—malt, 5,225,071/. ; hops, 392,3811.; window tax,
1,663,3201.; soap, 9905121.; bricks, 455,1451.; paper,
746,7951. This would give a total of 9,472,9241.,
so that he should leave a margin of half a million for
the Chancellor of the Exchequer. He looked upon
the malt-tax as one of the most important of these taxes, not
only in the relief its removal would afford, but in the injuri-
ous effects of its operation. He would state what the effects
of the malt-tax bad b' en, and what he further intend dby
repealing that tax. One groat object he had in view was to
abolish the excise department aftogether, which cost the
country 929,0001. a-year, and bad formerly cost a million—
s reduction which they gad to thank Mr. Wood, the chief of
that department, for effecting. This department, the whole
business of which, with the exception of that which related
to spirits, might long since have been left to the
same board that desk with the customs and stamps,
be would abolish altogether. A million a-year nearly
would be saved by this arrangement. (Hear, beer.)
1111) advantages which would result from the removal of the
excise restrictions on soap and paper would not be leas then
15 per cent. Tomorrow he should have to present a peti-
tion from certain paper makers in which they showed that
the duty imposed on the manufacture of paper was 66 per
cent. on one description of paper, and 33 per cent. on
another ; and if the excise were removed this country
would be able to supply the world wiehatationery. (" Hear, ,
and laughter.) He could show that the effect of the tax on
malt was to demoralise the people, and induce them to re-
sort to spiritless a beverage instead Of:imer. In 1826, when
he sebrafitted to the house the propriety of reducing the
melt-tax, he; placed a paper on the table showing the effect
of the duty in the oversee consumptkka in various periods of
ten years. In the ten years ending 1724, the duty being's. 81d.
a bushel, the avenge consunaptlon.sno2s,76l,77s bushels.
In the next year, the duty was nisei to 2e. 4d., and from
4795 to 1804, the population having 4rcoarse materially in-
crewed, and the prosperity of the moony having increased
also, the average consumption was 25,514,741 bushels. In
the ten years from 1805 to 174,01sieriod when the con-
sumption of all other articles in e- , malt fell to an av
rage of 23,819,475 bushel', the duty eying been raised to
4s. 4d. a bushel. Duties the next ten year. there were
three different duties, 2a. 44., 3a. ed., and 2s. 6d., and with
the filet reduction the consumption recovered to 25,816,000
bushels, being 300,000 less than the average of the ten years end-
ing 1794. In the ten years ending 1834, die duty being 2e. 7d.,
the consumption was 29000,000, audio the following ten yeses
it rose to 83,000,000. But in It4o an addition cf 6 per cent.
was made to the duty, and the consumption immediately fed
off ; and during the last four years, 1645, '6, '7, and 'B, it was
I only 32,000,000, being
years, while the population had increased 79 to 80 per cent.
I in the same time. Previous to the imposition of the duty,
an increase of only 30 per ctn.. in Gel
the proportionate consumption of malt was still greater. He
I' would show how additional duties had worked in
Ireland, in reference to the consumption of malt.
During the five years commencing 1795, the duty being
le. 4d., the average consumption was 4.410,410 bushels; in
the five years from 1816 to 1819, the duty being 2s. 10d., the
average consumption fell to 1,891,152 bushels ; and from 1931
I to 1835, the whole amount which paid duty was 1,6.59,539.
The consumption of spirits had named as that of malt
r had decreased. In Scotland the results were the same.
Before he sat down, he begged to express his satisfaction at
. finding that from first to last of his speech, the hon. member
(or Buckinghamshire had not proposed protection. (Hear,
r hear.) He had proposed reciprocity, and the latter part of
his speech seemed very much directed towards the rc-enact-
meat of monopoly ; but he had not mentioned the word
"protection." He (Mr:Hume) therefore took it for granted
that the house bad had something like an easuranee from the
boo. member that he did not want proteetion. (Hear.) But
what, then, became of all the meetings of the farmers ?
because they were looking for a restoration of protection,
I and for &monopoly. (Hear, hear.) Now, be (Mr. Hume) was
as anxious as may man to obtain reciprocity, but
he would not injure himself beesuse another might
, refuse to do as he did. Let other countries do as they
pleased, and drink all or anything they liked at an ex:,enss
of 20 and 30 per mt. higher than it was drunk in Eng-
-1 land, what did it matter to him? He would reduce the

f