The Express.
London, England, 1851-07-30 00:00:00

TRANSPORTATION.

Mr. ANSTEY called attention ton petition of native-born
colonists of Van Diemen's Land, preparatory to moving an
address to her Majesty, praying that transportition to that
colony might cease, when the houoo being counted, and forty
members not being present, an adjournment took place at .
quarter to 11 o'clock.

Vitt "1-170regg•

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

IL iteced FAltion nt " The Elpreek" eontulinng •he dame eree;ee.
" Gazette;' fa published certy Tuareley aul Friday might, to time

for post.
Adiet memento intended for "Thee Express," Loudon Evening piper,
must be at the °Mee, 10, ftouvorte-etreet, by Two o'olock an tho
day of publication.

111011 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE
Tata U•7—Noreieß, SA. Va. Aftelllo,..l, sill. 27m.
Tamottow—llormea, 3b. 491.12. Afternoon, 411.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 30.

A VOICE from Val Itieher—a low and desponding
sound, full of reproach and reproof that nobody
blamed will heed, and dismal prognostics of evil,
without one distinct or definite word as to bow it is
to be averted.

The sovereignty of the people as the foundation of
all political power, has been the tete ,wire of M.
Ginzor all his life. As the incarnation of its oppo-
site, he was willing to serve the restoration in
1811, and to follow the nominee of foreign despots
when he tied to Ghent. To re-imprison demo-
cracy under the OttLE.ANs dynasty he was
dually ready, when, to his surprise and
dismay, it snapped the fetters which lie and others
had pretended to loosen previous to 1830, but which
they eagerly strove to re-fasten the moment they
saw what was done. And reverting once more to his
early faith in the legitimate stock of the Bourbon-.
we are led to believe that the el-minister is prepared
to write and talk against the maintenance of the re-
public in order to pave the way for the re-prostration
of France before the imbecile Count de Cii.vithotin.

Those who in this country parade the opinion,
of M. Gutior as significant of something important
or influential iu the public mind of France would do
well to explain how it conies to pass that the great
party of order—as the joint-stock company of
conspirators against popular power love to call them-
selves—are unable to bring so accomplished an ad-
vocate into the Assembly. Of his powers natural
and acquired there can be no question. Why, then,
does he remain in seeming neglect or exclusion? Are
the assailants of the Elysi,e so strong in practical know-
ledge or parliamentary wisdom as to be able to dispense
with so tried a partisan? Or can it be that no con-
stituency from Alsace to Bretagne can be wheedled
into forgetting the sordid and benumbing valet. me
under which 1. ranee was enthralled for the last seven
years of the Orleanist dynasty, and of which the
mainspring was the recluse of Val Richer?
M. GUIZOT does not content himself with
imputing to the PRESIDENT unlawful ambi-
tion, or carping at the inefficiency of his
ministers, or even with criticising the defects of
the constitution of 1848. His enmity is avowed
against the existence of the republic itself under any
modification or form, and specifically upon the ground
that self-government is ,wt the right of the people.
Man as an individual is swayed by two influences—
the homage which he pays to law, and the desire
which he feels for liberty of action. Nations, argues
M. GI:MOT, can only err when they renounce their
allegiance to authority, which to be authority and
to act as a check on their freedom must
derive its sanction alisnde. Democracy recog-
nising no such sanction, and claiming to be
the sole and the supreme source of power and law 10
consequently the object of his undisguised aversion
and prophetic denunciation. Tho fallacy of M. 611-
ZOT'S analogy is transparent. The desires of a tre
man are either restrained by the exercise of his
ciplined judgment, which is the primary form of self-
rule, or they are curbed by the presence of law to
which, by his own voice, or that of his representa-
tive, he has given his assent, which is the
secondary or political phase of the same thing ;
and in exact proportion as this previous re,ent
is undeviatingly asked and universally obtained
and obeyed, the theory of self-rule is perfectly
developed and democratic freedom is consoli-
dated and sanctified by the authority of law..
But what is the moral worth or weight
.ot
any other law ? Who in his private affluri

would believe himself the better of being daily
obliged to defer to the paramount whim of the
head of some one family raised into the dignity of
controller-general of the parish—not for any imagi-
nary merits of its own, but for the sake of exercising
such power of veto and control? And what are the
affairs which, as citizens, men have in common, in
difficulty, gravity, and importance, compared with
those in which we should scoff at the presumption
' of any hereditary usurper who pretended to in-
terfere?
The question raised by the zealots of reaction in
France is not as between the comparative conve
nience of a constitutional regime like that of
Belgium, and that of the United States,
where, practically, the head of the execu-
. tive in neither has any or half the power
wielded by Louts NAPOLEON during his term of
office, and in both of which the only real control
established by law is that emanating from and con-
tinually modified by popular representation,—but
between a legislative assembly elected by household
suffrage, and an oligarchic chamber nominated by a
select and easily corruptible few, and a senate named
by an hereditary• king. It is not the executive of
the republic, but the legislative authority, that the
1, party of order" hate and endeavour to under-
mine. 'I he PREsIDENT is personally the object
of their distrust and dislike, because ho has shown
himself unwilling to identity his cause indissolubly
with theirs. But so long as he seemed disposed to
do so, legitimacy was dumb. So long as he listened
to re-actionary counsels abroad or at home, both
Orleanists and liourbonists lent him their open
or tacit support. By their combined influence,
measures regarding foreign pelicy, education, nay,
the elective franchise itself, were successively
carried out ; and it was not until the con-
federates quarrelled that the parliamentary warfare
against Louts NAPOLEON began. We are fully per-
suaded that bad the reactioniets confidence in the
fidelity of the PRESIDENT to anti-democratic schemes
they would vote as clue man for the revision of the
law of PAS, and support his re-election. The crown
they might never concede to him; but they well
know that a thoroughly unpopular and apostate pre-
sident would be more completely a tool in their hands
for the restoration of social and political monopoly
than an hereditary sovereign. It is the occasional
disposition of Louts NAPOLEON to fall back upon
the people, and the audible threats he has uttered,
that, in the last resort, he will appeal to their inhe-
rent right to choose and to decide, that has alienated
every enemy of the principle of self-government,
from the catholic M. m IALLOUX to the Huguenot
of Val Richer.

results); when that is done, we shall want a series
rep preparatory schools. In these Cathedral Grammar
Schools we might find them. Don't then let ns throw
away the opportunity they will then afford, because
of the pecuniary mismanagement of the Ecclesiastical
Gommuisioners; still less because of the legal quid-
dities of Mr. Itot;NDELLPALMER,or the ecclesiastical
prejudices of Sir W. PAGE WOOD, in whom church
intolerance is provokingly intermingled with poli-
tical intelligence. Let us hold our hands on the
subject; for there are promising times in store for
education in England.

IT i., we suppose, a hopeless suggestion, that, after
the discw,ion in the House of Commons, it would be
t wise and prudent and graeiuus step for the Ikan
and Chapter of Rochester to accommodate their dif-
ferences with Mr. WHISTON.
. . . _

Yet, if they were retillywise in their generation ; if
they eouldonlvsec the true interests of their order; if
they would but understand the opinion formed ou their
conduot by all moderate, sensible, and reputable men ;
if they could only appreciate the spirit of the age, out
of their own narrow prejudiced circle, they would
cancel their deed of dismissal, re-accept Mr. WHISTON
as Muster of their Grammar School, re-acknow-
ledge his rights and privileges; and rely that
he, on his part, would frankly and honestly
admit that, though entirely free from the com-
mission of any ;paean delietion wider the Cathedral
Statutes, he may have used language unnecessarily
harsh when cruelly provoked, and resorted too
much to the orgionentom ad hum sane • hen unce-
remoniously repulsed in his generous eagerness for
the interests of his young c/i, utak.
But, though such a suggestion may be hopeless—
though the Dean and Chapter may think it Christian
and charitable to push matters to extremities ; and
though—more is the par.—Preened HAWKINs of
Oriel may persist in luwentig his distinguished repu-
tation by being a party to this sad ecclesiastical affair ;
the suggestion is, nevertheless, made fur more in the
interest of the church generally, for the repose of the
chapter, and for the especial comfort of the Bishop
of RowlesTen, than on account of Mr. 'truces,
than bemuse of any misgivings that his case
Will not fructify for public utility, and if so for their
hurt, or because we have our doubts on which side
right lies. As journalists, such matters accord per-
haps only too much with our pursuits, and afford
too easy materials for our polemics. But they are,
nevertheless, scandals, involving the character of
grave, reverend, and in their way sincere men; they
may gratify the love of the coarse and vulgar for
strife and controversy, but they arc painful to the
sincere and geed ; they embitter and exacerbate
public discussion; and, though it may be useful,
it is not desirable to see the life, the abilities, and
the capacity for better and higher things, of such a
man as Mr. Wittsrox, spent in a cathedral wrangle,
which, it is now clear, legislation only can satisfac-
torily settle. Society, as that accomplished man of
the world. Mr. BERNAL. said, is outraged by such
displays; they lay bare the obscenities of life in
sacred places.
The question of cathedral schools has now, how-
ever, been fairly raised; it must be considered. Let
it not then be retarded or encumbered by a dispute
as to whether Mr. WfltsvoN, in originating with
great learning and even greater zeal the discussion,
did not, whilst smarting from capitular neglect and
shivering from episcopal frigidity, commit, by using
strong language to his superiors, a graries de irtuni
Let the iksn and Chapter save their Bishop, Mr.
Baron PARKE, Dr. LUSHINGTON, and the church
from any such inquiry and decision, with all its
trouble, expense, delay, inconvenience, and discredit.
It is the wisest and best policy they could adopt,
even though suggested by the body News. If, how-
ever, the campaign have to be re-opened, then of
course we are ready and willing to enjoy its excite-
ment, to share in its difficulties, and to pursue it
d rautranee. Let us pause a little, however, before
re-nibbing our pen.
In the discussion raised by Mr. MO WATT, two points
of importance were made—one by Mr. ROL'S DELL PAL-
MER: the other by Lord JOHN Itussett. The statutes
of cathedral bodies touching grammar schools arc
not. said the former, legal trusts. Education, con-
tended the latter, ought, in the application of the
Surplus funds of cathedrals, to give way to religion.
Supposing, however, that those statutes do not, as
is alleged, involve any legal, they most assuredly do a
moral, trust ; and if a court of equity can't carry
out, a court of conscience ought to enforce, that obli-
gation. So, the utmost that Mr. PALMER'S argument
proves is that deans and chapters evade the inten-
tions of their founders, because those founders placed
unlimited confidence in the force of their oaths
and in the strictness of episcopal visitation; a posi-
tion far kiln enviable, we think, than a liability to
be corrected by the Court of Chancery.
But this nice distinction of the man of law is beside
the question that men of sense will chiefly look at. The
founders of our cathedral churches always contem-
plated an educational department, where youthful
kerning was to be encouraged and rewarded by Uni-
Tema) exhibitions. And the point raised by LordJoil x
Itessettis whether this' , thew intention,bas now, when
its value has become greater than ever, to be disre-
garded. No doubt, as his lordship argues, it was
intended in remodelling our cathedral establishments,
eleven years ago, to apply their surplus funds to the
extension of church accommodation and instruction.
But the importance of cathedral schools was then
little appreciated, they had then—that of Durham
excepted—fallen into disrepute; public attention was
not then fixed on them. But even at that time the
Capitular Revenues Act, in giving the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners an interest in the surplus funds of
cathedrals after payment of their reduced establish-
ments, expressly provided that their grammar schools
should be maintained according to their statutes.
Now all that is wanted is, that this provision shall
be fairly carried out; that is, carried out, not
according to the then existing practice of the cathe-
dral functionaries, but according to the spirit of
cathedral statutes. No one wishes to see great scho-
lastic institutions wholly supported out of cathedral
funds, and so swamping or eating up the entire sur-
plus applicable to church extension. But what is
expected is, that out of such funds the machinery
of schools be provided; that scholastic organisa-
tion be arranged at their expense; and that
through them the promising sous of tradesmen in
our cathedral cities should have an easy Recces to the
Universities; and to the honours, success, and prizes
of English life that are only accessible thereby.
We are about to reform, we hope, even to remodel,
the Universities, when that is accomplished (and the
royal commission for Oxford at least promises great

AMERICA.
ARRIVAL OF THE BALTIC.
The American mail-steamer Baltic, Capt. Com-
stock, arrived off Holyhead at noon yesterday, and,
the tide not answering for her entering the river
without a detention at the bar, her consignees sent
down a tug-boat for the passengers and mail bags,
with which the Sampson, the vessel employed, re-
turned to Liverpool at about six o'clock. The Baltic
has 5.3 passengers and 700,000 dollars in specie on
freight. Had she not been detained by the want of
water her voyage would have been one of the quickest
on record.
The steam-ship City of Glasgow left Philadelphia
on the 17th, for Liverpool, with 60 cabin passengers,
15,000 dollars in specie, and a full freight.
The United States mail steam-ship Pacific, Captain
rom Liverpool, was passed at five o'clock on
the Nye,;ifternoon of the 19th, about 60 miles from New
York.
The Royal mail steam-ship Conway had arrived at
Kingston, and the Great Western was looked for on
the 13th, from Vera Cruz.
The news by this arrival is three days later, being
to the 19th instant.
What little news there is of interest is from Cali-
fornia, whence by the arrival of the Brother Jonathan
we have a fortnight's later news. The intelligence
is of rather a melancholy nature. It would appear
that the police force of San Francisco having been
proved insufficient to protect life and property, the
citizens had determined to mete out summary chas-
tisement to all who offend the laws of honesty and
morality. San Francisco had been almost entirely
rebuilt, and the miners appeared to be doing well ;
but the mercantile community
.had not reaped the
rich harvests they anticipated, in consequence of the
conflagration.
The correspondent of the Nero York. Iferag in a
letter dated San Francisco, Juno 14, says :
The most stinting item of intellicence, which I send by
this steamer, is the Lynch law excitement at San Francisco,
which was participated in by a large proportion of the most
respectable citizens. Before the smouldering ruins of the
recent extensive conflagration bad been fairly covered, a
man named Lewis was detected almost in the very net of
setting lire to a large, hotel on Long Wharf, and, being ar-
rested by the police, the populace assembled to the number
of several thousand, and demanded that he should be placed
in their hoods for punishment. While, however, prepara-
tions were making for storining the station-house, the pri-
soner was taken out the hack way, and conducted to a place
of safety, beyond the reach of the excited populace.
This attempt, and the frequent and numerous escapes
from justice of the desperate villains who infest San Fran-
cisco, so exasperated the property holders that they assem-
bled privately, to the number of one or two hundred, and
enrolled themselves as a " Committee of Safety," fur the
protection of the citizens, the detection of criminals, and
the faithful execution of the laws, pledging their "lives
and property" for the faithful performance of whatever
duty or act should be determined upon by the majority of
the committee. Ilye.laws were adopted, officerschosen, und
a building selected f,r holding meetings and the trial of
criminals. The committee numbered amongst its mem-
bers, bankers, tradesmen, auctioneers, and, in fact, almost
every profession and calling, except lawyers. An organisa-
tion was hardly perfected before a terrible instance of their
determination to punish crime was presented to the citizens,
such as should have struck terror to the hearts of the
prowling villains.
On June 10th, a Sydney man, named John Jenkins, alias
Simpton, was detected in carrying off a safe from an office
on Lung Wharf, San Francisco, and after a struggle was
arrested in his boat. Ile was immediately taken before the
Committee of Safety, consisting of one or two hundred citi-
zens, tried, found guilty, and sentenced to be hung within
an hour. A minister was sent fur, who endeavoured to ad-
minster consolation, but whose efforts were entirely disre-
garded by the hardened convict. At two o'clock at night,
he was taken to the public Plaza by the Committee, and
the result is thus given by the Herald of the next morning :
" Arrived at the flag-staff, some were climbing up it to
arrange the halter, when au earnest cry was raised by some
present ; For God's sake' not to hang him on the liberty
pole.' The appeal was heard, and those iu charge of the
execution mounted the beams on the south porch of the
adobe—a rope was stretched across between two of thu sup-
porters, to the middle of which a block and pulley were
fastened; another rope was run through this, with a noose
at one end. Volunteers were called tar to man the other
end. The prisoner, who had not spoken a word, as far as
we could hear, during the whole march and the dreadful
preparations going on before him, was taken by his guard
beneath the beam, the noose udjusted around his neck, and
in an instant—at ten minutes past two o'clock—he was
Irked high into the air, and hung dangling from the
ain. He was a very tall, stout, heavy man, and his
struggles were violent, and continued several minutes.
Gradually they ceased,and he swung slowly round and round.
Those who were executing hint held steadfastly on the end
of the rope, keeping it tense, and allowing no interference.
They held him thus for twenty minutes, when, no doubt
the effort being very great, or the rope stretching, the
hanging wretch imperceptibly lowered until his feet hung
several inches below the top of the railing. No effort was
made to avert his fate. Several hundred persons were un
the ground at the time of the execution. When we left,
at half-past two o'clock, he was still hanging, and a pro-
position had been offered to appoint a committee to hold
him there until day light.
"Tine hardened man walked to the gallows smoking a cigar,
and had dropped the stub before he was launched into eter-
nity. The rope was adjusted about his neck by Captain
Wakeman, well remembered in New York for having run
away from that city with the steamer New World, while
the sheriff's officers were on board."
Immense excitement prevailed at San Francisco when the
steamer sailed, and immense gatherings had been held on
the Plaza, participated in by both those in favour and
against the hanging. There was much feeling manifested
towards the " Inquisition," as it is termed, which, like that
of the Eternal City before the abdication of the l'ope, was
conducted with great secrecy, far more than might have
been anticipated from the numbers embraced. No arrests
have been made for the hanging, though the principal
actors in the solemn tragedy are well known, and are even
named in the verdict of the coroner's jury. The popu-
lace seem to feel that desperate diseases require desiccate
remedies.
Terrence Bellew Mc Manus, one of the Irish exiles, ar-
rived in San Francisco on the sth of June, having made
his escape from Launceston, Australia, and been carried
away on board a British barque. His arrival at San Fran-
cisco was celebrated by a public dinner, at which the mayor
presided, and which was attended by the senators, repre-
sentatives, and many of the most distinguished men of the
state. Mo Manus looks in capital health and spirits. About
the time of his escape a like attempt was made by Smith
O'Brien, O'Donoghue, and O'Doherty. The sum of 600/.
bad been put in the hands of an Englishman named Ellis,
to purchase a brig, which was done, and after loading and
clearing at the custom-house, a concerted signal was to be
given by the exiles on the beach, when a boat WY to be sent
on shore from the brig. The government officers, however,
received information of the project, and as soon as the signal
was given for the boat, the exiles were secured by the
officers and carried hack. The barque immediately sailed for
this port, and arrived on the same day that Mc Manus
entered the Golden Gate a free man.
An inquest had been held as to the Lynch case
above referred to, and the following verdict unani-
mously agreed to :
We, the jurors of inquest, empanelled by the coroner of
the county of San Francisco, to inquire into the cause of
the death of one John Jenkins, do find the said
Jenkins came to his death on the morning of the
lltk of June, between the hours of two and three
o'clock, by violent means, by strangulation caused by
being suspended by the neck by a rope attached to the
south end of the adobe building on the I.laza, at the hands
of and in pursuance of a preconcerted action on the part of
an association of citizens, styling themselves a committee
of vigilance, of whom the following members are impli-
cated by direct testimony, to wit:—Capt. Edgar Wakoham,
W. H. Jones, James C. Ward, Edward A. King, T. K.
' Battelle Benj. Reynolds, J. S. Eagan, J. C. Derby, and
Samuel Brannan; and the other members, by their volun-
tary avowal of participation in the act.
Reports from the "placers" were generally favour-
able ; agricultural prospects were good. The market
reports state that since the departure of the previous
mail, a stagnation in business had been experienced;
prices having generally declined, largo quantities
of goods had been forced on the market. The pros-
pects for the future were not encouraging. Such
Cownrs7 FOR THE REcToßsHrp or ST. Ales* was the unsettled state of affairs consequent upon
—tsecraisns.—Yesterday was the day appointed for the the fire, that no regular rate of exchange could be
election of rector of this parish, vacant by the resignation stated.
of the Rev. Dr. Harding, appointed Bishop of Bombay. The Indians have been troublesome in the southern
Three candidates were in the field, and the polling was section of the state. A company of white men,
carried on in the vestry-room with great spirit. tip to
under Captain Irving, are reported to have coin-
:l p.m. the advantage seemed in favour of the Rev. Mr.
Wilkinson, chief secretary of the Irish Church Missions. nutted many outrages upon the inhabitants of Los
The friends of the Rev. Wm. Webster, of King's College, Angeles valley. The citizens volunteered and went
then rallied, and et 4 o'clock, when the poll closed, the in pursuit. gut the last account received is, that the
numbers were—Webster, 159 ; and Wilkinson, 139. The Indians of a certain mission had destroyed Captain
Webster duly elected
chairman, Mr. Rym
whereupon a scrutiny was demanded, er, chilgehwarden, then declared Mr Irving and his eleven men. General Morehead's
which is fixed for August 7. Mr. Childs, the third mat. expedition, reduced to forty-five men, left San Diego
date, retired from the contest early in the day. on the 12th ult. His destination is unknown.
DANGEROUS STATE Or THE WOOD YAVEXENT IN A letter from M. Porte has been published in tho
2113NEW-seAD.--At the meeting of the board of directors Washington Union, in which he denies that Dr.
of ths NOM of St. Pancras, held yesterday in the Vee,tiT- Gardiner made any admissions to him of fraud in his
orgt,_RJVa-rood, Camden Town, T. Eld Bird,Lq., Mexican claim. According to all appearances, the
ia the chair, a report from lar. the
17:61,1.1117tio tottiokroto„vo to the highly dangerous doubt which hangs over the validity of this Gardiner
sada of *a wood pavement in the New-road, was read. claim will soon be dispelled one way or the other. The
The segues seated that unless immediate and efficient mica- grand jury. of Washington had sent into court indict-
er's. woo' takes, and the present rain continued, it would meats against Dr. George A. Gardiner, and J. Carlos
be sawdelsk aseessary for the public safety to close this Gardiner, for perjury, and bench warrants had been
impaalent istmankfare. ,The report concluded by re- .
issued for the arrest of these gentlemen, the last of
questing OM a special ecemaistse should be formed for the
purpose sitviswing the obis of Os Toed, and to devise the whom had been arrested and held to bail, to answer
necessary mesas for its inataikts improvement. A coin- in court for the offence imputed to him.
mine*, esebslsllq of Iv.assiams and the churchwarden, Licut.-Col. Craig, of Pennsylvania, has been ap-
WU foams= sumemen, um% after viewing the road, re- iotcd chief
ordnance bureau, in place of
ported that SIMS INAIIIIIWT flat the wood be immediately
tn. Taloott.
taken up, and that ea dsowls be advertised fora bed of
granite. me report was adopted, and ordered to be. The Herald says :
brought up Wore the vestry to-morrow (this day). It appears that some conferences hare recently been held