The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-10 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 10, 1851.

the •IPrelgi.

able to strike out a fourth plan : these, therefore,
are the projects on the absolute and comparative
merits of which it is desirable that the opuuons of
our representatives in parliament and the, public
generally should be matured against the dine when
parliament is to re-assemble. It that time is allowed
to come on without some such preparation, the next
session will be as resultless in the matter of metro-
politan water 'apply as all its predecessors.
The questions before the public may indeed prac-
tically be considered as limited to two. The alterna-
tive of a government board to administer the water
supply of London is no longer regarded as feasible
by any persons—except by the crotchetty brains in
which it first originated. For the absurdity of the
egregious schemes so summarily dismissed as soon
as they were fairly submitted to the judgments of
practical men, their authors, it iv true, are alone re-
sponsible; but the fatal objection to a government
board is, that it not only affords no security against
the employment of such crotchet-mongers, but m fact
renders their selection probable in a gred majority
of instances. Ministers of state cannot be expected
to be intimately ver.ed in the engineering and other
scientific questions involved in that of water supply.
Their studies are, or ought to be, of a very different
kind. The very utmost that can be expected from
them, is a sufficient amount of general knowledge
and sound common sense to enable them to
make a good selection of the persons to whose coun-
sels they listen, whose services they employ. Now,
regard Ewing bad to the class of men from whom our
ministers have been, arc, and for some time to come

TO CORR627Cvrvsa. a..
A Mood Edition of Tom,aith ems oonlog's
" Gametes," pablishei every sell rththaf .414 to time
Lt pat
Meer theentthatatheeled far "Tbe Zaprth"Lthern tenth, piper,
moot no ot the math, io. Beethree-thath. 107 Trra erthra ara the

NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE
Tm I.hts—btanisg. h. M Afternoon. 2L IS..
T.....abow—gersiag. 2.1.7/a Afternoon, 21. 225.

LONDOY, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10.

Tim Great Exhibition is closed, at least for the
masses. The more rich have still a few hours,
during which they may cast a parting glance at the
greatest congregation of wealth and wonder, that
art, science, human industry and ingenuity, and
nature's bounty could produce. The Great Exhibition
dies in its strength, and whilst still attracting its
hundreds of thousands. It has not outlived
its welcome nor survived its vogue. It has not, like a
mere vulgar speculation, been allowed to wear itself
out. It has lived its summer, during which all had a
fair opportunity of contemplating its treasures. All
classes have vied, not merely in coming themselves
to contemplate the great mass of worldly wonders,
but in facilitating the coming of the poorer clues
and more remote population of the empire.
We must confess to feeling glad that it is over.
It was certainly a great interruption of ordinary
habits, interest, and business. It had its effest
upon the humblest industry as upon the highest
efforts of thought, turning the one into new ways
and channels, and suspending the latter. It hung up
philosophy, bade poets be dumb, and hinted to the
annual novelists that he or she might for
the nonce cease their vocation. 11001c:sellers'
shops it closed, and a great many other shops
beside. And even parliament was one of the shops
of which it well nigh put up the shutters ; nor
could any power, except the stalwart sinews and
activity of Cardinal Wi'nwtc, have kept it open.
Many, therefore, of the sincere admirers of the
Exhibition, and of thaw who acknowledge) that it
has been, and will be, productive of the best effects,
still are rejoiced to admire it in the past, after having
safficiently enjoyed it in the present. lhere is, how-
ever, another reason fur satisfaction in its close, and that
is, the great amount of danger and the increased lia-
bilities to accident. which the crowding and transport
of so many thousands inevitably occasioned. For-''
tunately we have not a single accident to register
arising from the Exhibition. And yet when we have
wen on our leading lines of railroad lung train succeed
long train, at intervals of five minutes, and at a speed
of forty miles an hour, we must confess to have
shuddered then, and to be heartily glad now to think
that it is over. Hot if railroad managers have triumphed
over,or escaped from such serious difficulties, the people
themselves hose by their conduct obviated other
perils, which by a grit many in April last were
looked upon as the most powerful concomitant of the
Exhibition.

are likely to be selected, this knowledge and this
judgment are more than we are entitled to look for.
Asa rule, the voluble and plausible quack and
dexterous intriguer has a far better chance with
our aristocratical publicists than sound practical
men. Without some efficient check, ministerial
appointments to a central metropolitan water
board could not bo relied upon. And for ap-
pointments to a government board, entrusted with
mere local objects, there is no responsibility ; mem-
bers of parliament are (even when attentive to their
duties), too much occupied with great public pica-
(ions, or with the affairs of their respective constitu-
encies, to hope for efficient general parliamentary
action in matters of merely kcal concern. In this
country all government boards are practically irre-
sponsible.
The inhabitants of London, therefore, dismissing
as impracticable the idea of a government water-
board, have to decide with themselves which of two
alternatives is preferable,—to entrust the care for
their water supply to a municipal administration—
to elected boards laving power to impose and levy
water-rates, and direct the introduction and distribu-
tion of water in the metropolis; or to leave it, as it
has hitherto been left, to private enterprise.
One weighty objection to the plan of municipal
administration is the want of any municipal organi-
sation for the whole of the metropolis. A general
board, or a nullifier of district boards, fur the solo
purpose of administering. the water supply would
not have such a standing in public estimation as to
attract the best class of candidates, or to impress
electors with the importance of choosing only those
of the first class. A municipal council, armed with
adequate authority, and having a sufficiently wide
Held of action, might supply an arena attractive to
able minds and generous ambitions., but the crea-
tion of such a council will be a work of time. Can
we afford to wait so long to have our London water
supply placed on a satutfactory footing ? 'fhe old
proverb seems applicable here :—" While the grass
grows, the steed starves."
With regard to private enterprise, it may be
Resumed as an axiom that such an undertaking as
the supply of London with water is beyond the
competence of individual exertions. If private
enterprise is to be called into play, it must be in the
forms of associated capitalists—of joint stock compa-
nies. The objections to delegate tasks of public
utility or necessity to incorporated joint-stock
companies are well enough known, and have of late
been often enough insisted on. They arc, however,
of a nature that judicious legislation can so fir
remove. Existing companies can be kept is
check by the power reserved to the legislature 09
call new companies into existence. The legislature,
when it decrees the incorporation of new companies,
or extends the powers of old ones, has it always in
its power to drive an advantageous bargain for the
public. It can insist upon maximum rates ; it can
make stipulations as to the quantity of water to be
supplied and the mode of its supply : it can grant
pnvileges to companies for a limited term of years,
thus ensuring to the public periodical revision of the
tenns conceded to them. This consideration,too,
acmes to have some weight attached to it. The
special stipulations imposed upon companies by net
of parliament can be made exigible by cheap and
surninary forms of process in courts of law. Such a
provision would enable the poorest ratepayer at
any time to compel the authorities of the water com-
pany to do him
.justice, whereas the round-about
process of an election is the only means of checking
mail-administration should municipal affairs at any
time get into incompetent or dishonest hands.
In all matters of this kind much must depend upon
local circumstances. In some places private enter-

No governor, or government, or authority, charged
with the public peace, like the congregation of thou-
wide. (to the ismtinent the bare idea MUMS states-
men to faint, and sovereigns to go into convulsions.
When, therefore, Prince Mintier proposed a grand
industrial fete, to which all England, end a great
portion of America and of Europe were bidden,
people abroad deemed the Prince mad ; persons
even hero thought him rash. Fears of the
pes.ple, however, are not indigenous in Eng-
lish inducts. And, notwithstanding grave remon-
strances from fonign courts and police-offices, the
Exhibition was pirsisted in—and a splendid answer
it has given to the fears of foreign despots.
Whilst Austria deems her last hour come, because
Kossevti is liberated whilst France warns
front her shorts a man who has the dan-
gerous character of a patriot, the French home
Minister has seen, during a visit here, how loyal and
eimtented are our multitudes. And instead of our
Home Minister watching over the tranquillity of the
capital, Sir 0. GREY has been yachting and visit-
ing the shores of Norway, whilst hundreds of thou-
sands of artisans went and came between the manu-
facturing districts and the Palace of industry in the

capita .
Nor is it merely that there has been no insurrec-
tion, but tlwre has been no riot. Thu English are
accused of being brutal in their Vcasiires, of loving
drink and low excitement. Ilytle-park in 1:451 gives
the he to such a calumny, and proves that no Pr lation can more fully appreciate an intellectual p ea-
sure, or enjoy it nob greater decorum and with
granter mutual courtesy.
Prince Ataimtr has thus succeeded in exposing
something more than the excellence of the English
in the industrial arts. Ile has displayed it in a
moral and political light, and shown that free-
thisighted religion, representative rights, a free press,
and industrial development are not only compatible
with order and content, but guarantees of both.
Whatever foreigners may learn of our machinery,
our tissues, our manipulation of metals or of fibres,
they could have beheld nothing so worthy of wonder
and imitation as that social miler and political quiet,
obtained without any employ of rude or noisy, terrify-
ing or cruel machinery.
Of this great display, this proud achievement.
in which all England, from the Prince to the people, '
may claim a share, them should, wo think, be
sonic lasting and worthy commemoration. The
memory and renown of the Great Exhibition cannot
indeed perish. But we should show ourselves sen-
sible of and grateful fur its happy conduct, completion,
and termination by some monument that will speak
to future ages. Tho building of the Exhibition
itself would be both too cumbrous and perhaps too
perishing as a monument. For a host of reasons it
as right that it should be taken down. We cannot,
however, but think that on some portion of
its site —in the centre, fur example, of where
the transept stood—there should arise in stone
or in hronze, or in both, an ornamental and artistic
commemoration of the edifice and the event. On
it should he inscribed a brief statement of the
plan, a list of its originators, with the names of the
various countries from which contributions came.
Indeed, to record their co-operation, and the kind of
European and American union that it indicates,
alone deserves the rearing of such a monument.

prise may work best; in other; municipal adminis-
tration. In London there are two circumstances in
favour of leaving the task to private enterprise : the
want of any general municipal
.government for the
metropolis; and the actual existence of so many
water companies, the investment of so much capital
in that line of business. There is another considera-
tion to be taken into account, which is perhaps of
more weight than either. It would not be
easy to administer the affairs of a railway
by a municipal council. All enterprises which,
like railways, have for their field a wide district,
seem better fitted for being carried ou by joint-stock
companies than by representative councils. It
would appear from analogy that where a cheap and
good, and abundant water-supply can be best ensured
by centralised efforts, extending over a large tract of
j country, it had better be left to joint-stocic companies
than to a municipal government Of the various
sources that have been suggested fur the water sup-
ply of London, none seems to combine so many re-
commendations as the chalk springs in the Watford
district. Now wo observe that the company which
first brought this source into notice, proposed to com-
bine the supply of many towns and villages in Mid-
dlesex intli that of London. There can be no
doubt that these places need an artificial
supply (at least towards the end of summer), and
that a system embracing them in connexion
with the metropolis would admit of all being supplied
at lower rates than any one of them could by a sys-
tem of its own. For this reason, therefore, it ap-
pears to us that awater company,orwatcr companies
empowered to extend their operations over a wich;
district, would afford the metropolis a better prospect
of being well supplied with water than any efforts of
a municipal council.
We do not offer these remarks as conclusive; oar
object at present being merely to contribute to the
ventilation of so important a question.

Tut:parliamentary enquiries of last session respect-
ing metropolitan water supply, ended in merely ne-
gative results. No satisfactory information was
elicited as to the best mode of ensuring an abundant
perennial supply of good wholesome water to London ;
no practical measure initiated to accomplish so de-
sirable an object. The government plan for ad-
ministering the water supply of London, and the
source reeommeaded by government fur obtaining
that supply. were laughed out of court, and nothing
more was done.
For this unsatisfactory termination of the sessional
labours on so important a branch of civic economy,
we have to thank the prior and exclusive attention which
parliament. at the urgent request of ministers, has for
some sessions back omeeded to government plans for
metropolitan water supply. All proposals by existing
or contemplated compsuiesforincreasingor improving
the London water-service were refused a hear-
ing, till the sago of Gwydyr House should have
elaborated and propounded an infallible method.
This wonderful project, the theme of so many antici-
patory official colorants, was no sooner subjected to
the scrutiny of competent chemists, and an impartial
parliamentary committee, than it was uneeremo-
mously dismissed amid the general public applause,
as a piece of rank quackery. Bat government having
taken care that no plan, except its own, should be in
a condition to be subjected to the committee's
scrutiny, and having, moreover, limited the commit-
tee's range of inquiry, and postponed its appoint-
ment to a period of the merlon so late that additional
powers could not be applied for, further investigation
was prevented. Next year the whole inquiry moat
be begun de n,,ro.

LORD NEWROROCOD, with thecountess and family
have senched Malta in their beautiful *crew steam yacht
Vesta.

COLLIERS ACCIDENTS.—On Wednesday morning a
serious occurrence took place at the colliery worked by Mr.
Holmes, on Churwell-hill. The pit is an old one, with ex-
tensive workings under ground, the thin bed of ooal having
been got. The principal shalt is sunk sixty yards below
the surface of the ground, and there is a well of water sunk
some ten or twelve yards lower still. When the accident
happened, the men were engaged in boring lower for more
water, when an escape of sulphur or gas took place, and
ignit.4, from a lighted candle in use there. Instantly the
top of the well presented a body of raging flame, which,
from the strong currents of air in the pit, spread hrough
the workings with great rapidity, and ascended up the
; shaft, burning even the landing boards at the top of the
pit. At the time there were thirteen men, four bora,
and several ponies under ground. In consequence of a
great quantity of coal having been got, those in the pit
found plenty of room in the old wor • to escape from
the dames, and eventually they were drawn up by
the air pit, without sustaining any serious injury. The
dames spread themselves to the coal, which took fire, and it
is not improbable that it may still be horning. As the best
means of extinguishing it the pit was covered close up, so as
to prevent any draught ; and It has not since been opened.
On the same morning an explosion from fire-damp took
place in the colliery of Mr. Leather, of Pontefract-lane,
near Leeds, when five of the workmen were severely
burnt, but all are likely to recover. On Thursday the
coroner for Leeds held an inquest ea view of the body of
John Hopton, the steward of Nevin Hill Colliery, Osmond-
thorp, near Leeds.: Wide the theassed was descending the
shaft the rope broke, and arealgtomed him to the bottom, •
distance of from forty to My para. He died an hour
afterwards. The jury were ad that no blame was
mashed se any ewe, and talawad a wart of " Accidental
eleale." The deemed 1.1 Mk a eft ad ate children to ,
mom hseyeeelle Issi.

Thie. e methods of ensuring to the metropolis a
constant and abundant supply of good water have
been submitted to public discussion. According to
one scheme, the superintendence and management of
the London water supply would with most advan-
tage be confided to a central government board;
another recommends the agency of municipal offi-
cers, elected by and responsible to the householders
of the district or districts supplied with water; a
third proposes to Inve the business to the of
private enterpri&e, associated in companies. It
lot Nem likely that any degree of ingenuity will be

FRANCE. against Isrea ealleesetreue as it must appear to Eng-
- lish readers) was the,fact that he had been tried for
-
PARIS, TrivassisT EVENING. a rape and acquitted.
The article of the Cossatitutionnel to which I drew Yon will remember that the sketch of L. N. Bona-
,ypier attendee yesterday, Is the leading topic of die- parte by M. de la Guerroniere, in the Pays, was the
mission. The Petrie is ate less far terms to express first of an intended series of contemporary political
its stupefaction at such language being traced by the characters, announced as about to appear in that
pen al M. Granier.de Ceragnac. It is not the attack journal. The sketch contained certain
os dr law of May that shocks the organ of M. Leon so complimentary to the President, MITI.
Jr,anebe but the demoralising form" in which the Lamartine, alarmed for the republican character
Meek is made, and, above all, the nature of the of his newspaper, wrote a letter severely criticising
arguments adducedC against the law. The introduc- the political tendencies of the performance. The
tion of the name of the President into the debate is next portrait of the series was to have been that of
styled as wearing the appearance of "a wilful and the Count do Chembord. But the Pays of this morn-
calculated treason." Wonder is expressed that any ing contains a correspondence been M. do Lamartine
one can imagine that he can serve the interest of the and M. de la Guerroniere, wherein the former, as the
President by shedding in his name insult, irony, and political leader of the journal, puts his veto, so far as
disrespect upon the Assembly, with which he is con- the columns of the l'ays arc concerned, upon the
staidly obliged to march in harmony, upon the ad- proposed labours of his coadjutor. M. Lamartine
ministration of which he is the supreme head, and upon thinks that the duties of an historical and a political
the ministry,with theconcurrenceof which he governs. writer are essentially different. They are, he admits,
But the censure bestowed by M. de Cassag,nac upon of the same nature, inasmuch as they ought to be the
the administration stirs the wrath of the Petrie more incarnation of tho same truths, but their respective
then all else ; and the statement that they are a province is to embody these truths in different ways.
troop of poltroons and egotists ready to sacrilke to History is absolute; it has no need of diplomacy with
socialism to keep their places, is designated as a the time in which it lives, of consideration for the
flagrant outrage and odious calumny. It is coin- weaknesses of parties, nor of allowances to be made
planted that the moment chosen for this attack is for the false interpretations to which the public mind
that in which the administration shows most energy is liable. But fleeting politics must all those
and resolution, that in which the hand of power minor considerations. Ile considers threelaCtdeh of Louis
makes itself felt with unusual force. Perhaps hero Napoleon as a striking instance of this distinction,
lies the secret of the bell-mouthed mastiff of the because in that M. de la Guerroniere has, without
Elysic being unleashed at M. Leon Faucher and his intending to do so, struck a chord in the imagination
entp/oyAi ; perhaps it is thought that the pressure of of the people which has awakened surperstitions
the hand of power is growing very like stmngula- ideas of a fanatical worship of drums and cannons.
tion, and that it is time to remove tho gripe, and let M. Lamartine thinks the legitimist party the most
people breathe a little. Perhaps it is thought that logical and the most respectable, next to the great
by a timely dismissal at the height of compression national party of liberty. But, believing that a
the fallen minister might serve as a paratenticere restoration would be in the present state of thing
for public indignation, and popularity might unstable and calamitous, he objects to the publien-
once more gild the Elysde with its bairns. tion in a republican newspaper of such an apprecia-
The Petrie stigmatises as an outflash of war- tion of the grandeur of the Bourbon family and of
chy the abuse bestowed by Cassagnac on the the misfortunes of its living representative, as might
Assembly, whose leaders he accuses of being de- kindle dangerous political sympathies while satisfy-
voted to the old pretentions, the old influences, the ing the requirements of unparttal history. M. de la
old intrigues. It only remained for the Constite. Guerromero meekly submits to his political chief,
tionisel to hound on the socialists to the violation of and engages to pursue his design as an historical
the law when the hour comes for voting. This it work apart from the newspaper.
has done by surpassing even Dr. Veron in his viru- M. do Larochejaquelin has just addressed a long
knee against the law of May. Lastly, the mostfatal letter to the Gazette de France, in the course of
part of the article is the premium held out to which he states that it is his intention at the meet-
cowardice by pressing the party of order to yield be- ing of the Legislative Assembly to bring forward the
fore the menaces of the mob, and counselling flight following proposition :
before an imaginary danger. For these wretched The Legislative Assembly decides that the constitution
eons of sedition who have been disfranchised would ought to be revised in totality. (Art. 11l of the constitu-
run before the first charge of the troops; at least titan.)
there would he no doubt of the victory of the latter if c In consequence a constituent assembly, nominated by tho
ulectors inscribed
t on electoral
the advice of M. Delamarrc were followed, and thenii.ts, to be immediately drawn
virtue 2 fo
mth.ye
nlaewitof h1,152,4,184.9a iessethe meobnle.
elections were carried on by a concentration of the 25 of
army in six departments at a time. Such is the sub- stitution.)
stance of this violent attack of the organ of the The electoral domicile of each Frenchman shall be on the
ministry upon the organ of the Elyrk. premises of his real one. It shall be decided by the condi-
(Armt.227
ti4rs s,ti..ted in chap. 3 of book 1 of the civil code, and shall
The belief in a ministerial crisis is grown so gene- public according the forms therein declared.
cal that already lists of the new ministry arc invented
by the caterers of political intelligence and circulated The elections
in the papers. The Messager, which has of late forthe constituent assembl y shall take place
on the fourth Sunday of the month of April,
of the constitution.) 18-12. (Art. 31
beat its old rival, the defunct Ecelnenient, in canards,
comes out with a bran new cabinet, in which the
names of Barret, Falloux, St. Arnaud, Abbatucci, second
ucn Sunday of May,
Thel election of the President of the Republic shall take
ofelet ceonstit 1842. (Arts. 46 and
and Fould are strangely jumbled. For Barrot to
accept the helm once more, it seems a day too late. General
e Castellano has prohibited, in the oth and
Folio= has attacked Louis Napoleon from the tri- 6th military divisions, the sale of five democratic al-
manacksbone of the Assembly in a tone which renders it ire- :—The " Almanach du Travail," by Agricol
probable that ho would be invited to return to the Perdiguier, Leneveu, and V. Scluelcher ; the " Al-
manach du Village," by Joigneaux, Mathieu (de la
ministry of public instruction. The remaining three
names are probable enough, as being thoroughly do prance,.
I)reme), and Perdiguier • the "Almanach l'opulaire
by F. Bouvet, P. Dupmt, &c.• the
Bonapartist, and the last pretty certain, Fould
seeming the indispensable keystone of all pos. Almantich des Oppri mes," by Mayen ; and' the
Ikpublique du Peuple,n authors unknown.
Bible ministerial combinations. But if a change At the Bourse the Five per Cents. fell 25c, and
of ministry be really contemplated, as seems closed
at 91.50 ; and the Three per Cents. fell 10e.,
probable from many symptoms previously alluded to,
and
It will be executed with a view to two ends, or closed at 35.90. Most of the railways fell.
Rouen and Orleans fell Sir. ; Marseilles, 3.73 ; Havre
rather to one end, the renewal of the powers of and Northern, 2.00.
Louis Napoleon through revision, purchased at the
cost of repealing the law of May. Given this pro-
gramme, Cassagnac says that a hundred cabinets
might be formed to carry it out. In the absence of
all certain knowledge, which of such hundred combi-
nations stand the best chance of being chosen, is a
point on which it is needless to speculate. A great
deal is said about the daring schemes recommended
by the courtiers of the Elysee.; and their impatience
to see the President launched into the path of ad-
ventures is represented as getting keener and more
impetuous. But Louis Napoleon's fortunes are not
yet so desperate that he should give in to such in-
fatuated counsels; and there is yet time to talk
about coups (fetal.
The Bulletin do Paris, the lithographic organ of
the Minister of the Interior, attacks the Constila-
tionuel this evening with no less fury than the
Patric.

SPAIN.

Certainly it is difficult to see how M. Leon I
Faucher can help resigning, unless the article in the
Constitution/id be allowed to receive some official
rebuke in the -lioniteur, or at least be disavowed by
the President. Nobody doubts but that such at-
tacks as that made by tinnier de Cassagnac must be
connived at, if not prompted, at head-quarters, to
become possible.
Yesterday M. Leon Faucher, accompanied by M.
Buffet, visited the Association-ouvrieres of the sad-
dlers, porcelain painters, and makers of false jew-
cllery.
Mdlle. Chotcau, sister of the imprisoned ye7rant
of the IV" Peacoat, has been condemned in the
trial to which she was brought at Lille, for insulting
the Procurcur de la Republique.
The reports of ministerial crisis which prevailed
yesterday, have fallen considerably to-day, and for
the moment all notion of a change of ministers is
dropped.
The insults which mans- republican representatives
have experienced from the gendarmerie during the
vacation, have been followed by a direct attack upon
the personal inviolability which the constitution pro-
vides for them. M. Sarten, the representative for
Allier, has written to M. Dupin as president of the
Assembly, stating, that being at dinner at the house
of M. I)ubousset, at Montlucon, two brigadiers of
gendarmerie entered the dining•room, and told the
company that inasmuch as the number of gn•ssts ex-
ceeded 15, it was a political meeting contrary to the
order of the prefect. The company were orderetlby the
gensdarmes not to leave the room. M. Sartin pro-
duced his medal of a representative of the people, and
insisted upon his right to go out. The gendarmes
replied that the inviolability of a representative did
not exist when the Assembly was not sitting; they
resisted M. Sartin, a scuffle ensued, and a sabre-cut,
intended for M. Sartin, wounded a lady who was at
table. The above facts are attested by the signature
of M. de Girardin in the Presse, who qualifies them
as most serious, and calling for prompt and decisive
satisfaction. The point of law taken by the gens-
darmes, that the inviolability of a representative
does not exist during the vacation, is wholly un-
tenable.
The unusually severe sentence, even in these times
of persecution of the press, of 5 years' imprisonment
and 2401. fine for a political libel, which I mentioned
yesterday to have been passed upon a M. C. Marchal,
was for an offence widely different from that laid to
the charge of the numerous republican writers who
now crowd the Macas prison. M. Marchal seems to
have presumed too much upon the recent excuse of
the advocate-general for confining his prosecutions
to republican writings, that juries could not be got
to convict royalist attacks upon the constitution. In-
credible as it must appear to your readers the crime
of M. Marchal is a pamphlet entitled " The end of
the Republic," in which he seeks to inculcate the fa-
vourite and long standing ultramontane doctrine
that the latitudinarian education of the university of
France has corrupted the minds of youth, and dis-
affected them from the catholic faith; and argues,
moreover, that experience has now proved that re-
publicanism must always been within a hair's breadth
of socialism ; that the superiority of monarchical to
republican institutions has been made manifest; and
that the sad republican comedy which has been play-
ing for the last sixty years is approaching to its end.
for which, be adds, the public conscience cries, " God
be thanked." This is really nothing more than the
royalist papers, the Union and Opinion Publiqrse, are
saying every day with impunity, and moreover the
Bonapartist papers freely indulge in attacks upon
the instability of republican government. I cannot
r pretend to account for this apparently inconsistent
conduct of the prosecuting department of the go-
. cerement; but I suspect that Marshal's anti-republi-
canism was ironical, for his advocate urged that he
' had written the pamphlet with a view to re-estab-
lish his character in the opinion of honest men. It
appears that he had been convicted in 1847 of a libel
upon Louis Philippe's Queen, and this was pressed

We have received the Madrid journals of tho 4th.
The Sneius states that ►etters have been received
from the Ifavannah, announcing that the govern-
ment of the United States has signified its readiness
to indemnify the Spaniards of New Orleans, who
suffered losses from the outrages committed by tho
mob in that city. The Clamor Puldico says that the
Cortes will meet on the 10th November, instead of
the Ist, as originally intended. A letter from Madrid
informs us that the King, his father, and all the
ministers had waited on Queen Christina, to con-
gratulate her on her return to the capital.

GERMANY.

VIENNA, Orr. 6:

I have just heard, upon good authority, that the
Minister of the Interior, 1)r. Bach, has sent in his
resignation. It is not yet known whether it has
been accepted, and many doubt that the Emperor
will be allowed by his advisers to dismiss from his
councils a member who has proved himself so will-
ing and useful a tool as Dr. ,Bach. Various motives
arc ascribed for this step ; the most incredible of all
is, that the Minister of the Interior is suddenly con-
science stricken at the extent of anarchy and confu-
sion which exists throughout the whole administra-
tion, and is disinclined longer to aid the maintenance
of the present systematic want of system in the go-
vernment. It this motive, notwithstanding its
apparent incredibility, should prove the true one,
yonr readers who are acquainted with Dr. Bach's
private and ministerial career will at once be able to
form a more correct idea of the abyss into which Austria
must be sinking. The resignation of Dr. Bach, if it
is accepted, brings to mind the rats deserting an un-
seaworthy ship.

THE LEVANT.

A letter from Constantinople, 25th ult., says:

Tho reply of Abbas Pacha to the note of the Porte is not
yet arrived, but it is momentarily expected; until that ar.
rives the Egyptian question remains in suspense. The
government received intelligence on the 20th ult., by an
extraordinary courier, of the death of Emir Paella, General-
in-Chief of the army of Syria. This news has caused •
painful sensation at the Porte. Emir Pacha was educated
in France and England, and, although his reputation was
not perhaps so high as that of some others of his country-
men, yet he was a very distinguished man, and his loss will be
severely felt, particularly under existing circumstances. It
is said to be in contemplation to fill this important post
by Mehemet Pacha, formerly ambassador at London, and
now governor at Aleppo, from which city he has recently
arrived here. It is thought that the nomination will be
made without delay, as, were the two most important posts
in Syria to be left vacant, it is feared that the agitators
might take advantage of it to excite fresh disturbances.
The new Minister of Finance has made a report to the
Sultan on the state of the treasury. and on the means of
putting an end to the financial crisis. A firman is every
day expected to be issued for levying a forced tax through
out all the empire, of 30 piastres (7fr.) on each person, for the
purpose of facilitating the withdrawal of paper money from
circulation, and another finnan for making • reduction of
20 per ,cent. on the salaries of ell public functionaries.
Letters trona Deyrout announce that the principal leaders
of the two factions which have for a number of years kept
up a civil war in Palestine, have been arrested, and aro to
be sent to Constantinople. Serious disturbances have re-
cently broken out at Van on the frontiers of Armenia and
the Kurdistan. The Armenians,i who are in a majority in
that town, have, from time immemorial, had singotchs (or
criers) to call the inhabitants to the churches. Latterly they
have also fixed up bells. The Mussulmans, on the pretence
that these bells disturb their devotions, have demanded their
suppression, but the governor refused their request until he
had received orders from Constantinople. On the 3ed inst.,
the Mussulmans pursued a sangotch into one of the
churches, and killed him, when the Armenians armed them-
selves, and attacked tho Turks. A desperate combat took
place, in which several persons were killed on both sides ;
but, the troops taking part with the Turks, the Armenians
were defeated. A body of troops had been sent from Erze.
roum to prevent further disorders and the Porte has ordered
all the persons implicated in the affair to be arrested, and
sent to Constantinople.

SUPPLY OF G.►s FOR THE CITY.--Groat activity,
commencing at dusk, and terminating at daylight, is now
observable in Cheapaide and throughout the City, in
consequence of the necessity found to exist for enlarging
the supply of gas, to meet the increased demand following
on reduction of price in supply, many establishments having
adopted it for domestic uses, besides multiplying their
burners. Additional maim, of larger diameter, are now
being laid down over the length of the City. The operation
necessary causes great obstruction to the traffic, but it is
only carried on at night time, relays of workmen being
engaged, and the line of operations being lit up in the usual
way with temporary gas jets. These operations are carried
on simultaneously at both ends of Cheapsidc, and will,
consequently, be completed in a day or two.