The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-28 00:00:00

power ? Because they are natural rights whielil
revelation has not deprived then at;
And it is only by a
at,
of such Cltristianl
privileges and rights sq.; ese, that the world and
mankind can partake of enjoy a Mime:assay et
Christian peace and concord. On the opposite theory
of one great universal church, with branches therein
contending a.gainst each other for predominant and
efficacious purity, men substitute a war of ecclesias-
tical organisation for the practice of that mutual
gocd-will which religious liberty to organise churches,
as their separate members deem most edifying,
produces. By the opposite theory spiritual pride,
exclusive privileges damnatory to those who reject
their authority, claims to allegiance which involve
persecution, and at last a preference for doctrinal
error in bodies having similar pretensions, rather than
sympathy with dogmatic orthodoxy in those dissimi-
larly constituted—by the opposite theory these and
other even greater social evils are promoted.
And therefore it is that human liberty and pro-
gress, as well as eternal salvation, are most success-
fully
advanced by recognising, with the " Edinburgh
Review" and Archbishop WIIATELV, the fact " that
the foundation of the church by the Apostles was not
analogous to the work of Romulus or Solon. It
was not properly the foundation of Christian socie-
ties which occupied them ; but the establishment of
the principles on which Christians in all ages might
form societies for themselves."

h flails, and they determine to fight to
order to avenge a defeat they had oaf-
°ocher, two years before; and it seems
_tful whether the evil passions and
_ amused by the game system are greater
on the side of those who protect the game or of those
who contravene the law.

fered I
really

FRANCE.

THE NEW MINISTRY.

PARIS, MONDAY EYININO.
The 3fondettr of this morning contains a series of
decrees of the l'resident of the Republic, dated the
Elysee National, the 28th, constituting the new mi-
nistry, u follows :
Justice—M. Corbin, Procureur-General of the
Court of Appeal of Bourges, in the room of M.
Rouher.
Foreign Affairs—M. Turgot, ex-peer of France,
in the room of M. Baroche.
Public Instruction and Worship—M. Charles Gi-
raud, member of the Institute, in the room of M.
Dombideau de Crouseilhes.
Interior—M. Tiburee de Thorigny, formerly Ad-
vocate-General of the Court of Appeal at I'aris, in
the room of M. Leon Faucher.
Agriculture and Commerce—M. Xavier de Casa-
bicuica, representative of the people, in the room of
M. Buffet.
Public Works—M. Lacrosse, Member and Vice-
President of the National Assembly, in the room of
M. Magne.
War—General de division Le Roy do St. Arnaud,
Commander of the Second Division of the Army of,
Paris, in the room of General Bandon.
Marine—M. Hippolyte Fortoul, in the room of M.
do Chasacloup Laubat.
Finance-31. Blondel, Inspector-General of Fi-
nance, in the room of M. Achille Fould.
Another decree charges M. Giraud, Minister of
Public Instruction, with the ad interim administra-
tion of the department of Justice, in the absence of
M. Corbin ; and another charges M. Turgot, Minister
of Foreign Affairs, with the functions of Minister of
Finance, in the absence of M. Blondel.
Finally, by a decree also dated yesterday, M. de
Maupas, Prefect of the Haute Garonne, is appointed
Prefect of Police, in the room of M. Cartier.
M. de Wildermeth, Prefect of Oran, has been ap-
pointed Prefect of the department of the Ilautes Py-
renees, in the room of M. Massy, who is nominated
a member of the council of prefecture of the depart-
ment of the Seine.
Lacrosse, Minister of Public Works, born in
1791, is the son of Admiral Lacrosse. a distinguished
citizen of the first republic, and officer under the
empire. Ile was member of the old Chamber of
Deputies for Brest, and during several vears one of
the secretaries of the Chamber. He always voted
with the opposition against the ministry of M.
Guizot ; and carried against the ministry, on the
occasion of the rupture of the entente cordiale with
England apropos of Mr. Pritchard, a motion for
adding 93 millions of francs to the budget of marine.
To the Constituent Assembly he was returned for
Finisterre, for which department he continues to sit
in the legislature. After the election of the 10th
December M. Lacrosse became a member of the ca-
binet of Odilon Barrot, in which he undertook the
department of public works. He resigned with the
rest of his colleagues on October 30, 1849,
to make room for the llautpoul ministry.
Shortly after M. Leon Faucher's appointment to
the Ministry of the Interior, one of the vice-presi-
dencies of the Assembly becoming thus vacant, the
temper of the Chamber having at that time grown
more reconciled to Louis Napoleon, M. Lacrosse,
whose Bonapartist tendencies are well-known, be.
came the candidate of the Club of the Rue des Pyra-
raides for the vacant office, into which he was accord-

AT a time when the owners of land are complain-
ing that their produce is unduly depreciated in value,'
and a considerable number of them are seeking to
transfer to others sonic part of the public obligations
to which their land is liable, it would be well that
they should he able to show that they are not them-
selves accessory to a vicious system, at once inju-
rious to themselves and the community. We refer
to the preservation of game, of which the farmers so
generally and so loudly complain, and which tends
so seriously to demoralise the labouring classes. To
this subject public attention has just been forcibly
and painfully drawn by the occurrence in Notting-
hamshire of one of those desperate conflicts between
large bodies of armed men which are only known in
England as incidental to the preservation of game.
All that part of Nottinghamshire known as the
"Dukery," comprising the districts around Mansfield
and (Merton, has long been notorious for the enor-
mous quantities of game preserved on their estates
by the noble proprietors of the district; and the ne-,
cessery consequence has been that a number of the
working classes of the neighbourhood have from
time to time combined together to make forays into
the swanning game preserves, tempting alike to the
sporting propensities of the peasant and the peer. ,
(If all the game preservers of this district no one!
preserves more rigidly or keeps a larger head of!
game than Lord SCARBOROUGH. In fact, the
wretched cultivation and poverty-stricken tenantry,
of the Raiford estate arc attributed by those best I
acquainted with the neighbourhood in a great degree I
to the circumstance of the farms being so over-run
with game that good farming becomea impos-
sible. Indeed, we have often heard surprise
expressed that the tenants are able to pay any rent
at all. Bad, however, WI the effects of game preser-
ration are on the Itufford tenants, its influence
on the labouring classes of the neighbourhood is ten
times more mischievous. It has produced an or-
ganised ruffianism which is fearful to contemplate.
How a proprietor with the ordinary feelings of hu-
manity, and espeelally how a nobleman, with the
responsibility that belongs to his rank and station as
a peer of pa.rliament, can permit the continuance of
system of savagery now disclosed by the evidence of
his own servants, seems incomprehensible. I
The conflict we allude to occurred on the 13th
inst., between a body of 30 poachers and 10 of the
Earl of SCARBOROUGH'S gamekeepers. The facts are
stated in detail by Himex, the gamekeeper, who
commanded the party of game watchers, and the
statement is more like a border warfare, or a con-1

flint between savage tribes, than an occurrence possible
in a civilised community. It appears that a fight
was anticipated by the gamekeepers, who were all
entail with flails and large stones ; the leading
keeper, at least, lwing also armed with a pistol. This
flail is a formidable weapon, made expressly for
the purpose. It consists of a handle of the length of
four feet, to the end at which another piece of wood,
16 inches in length. is attached by a swivel, and this
piece is nut untrequently landed with lead. This
is exactly such an implement as was used in war
before the invention of gunpowder ; and. as might he
expected, sane of the poachers were also armed with
similar flails. The keepers were concealed in a piece
of gorse until the poachers, to the number of 30, had
gone down a road adjoining the place of ambush.
The keepers distinctly heard the poachers providing
themselves with stones from a heap by the roadside.
" As soon," said IiRoCK, the gamekeeper, in evidence
before the coroner's inquest on the body of one of his
party killed in the tray, "as they (the poachers)
were about 30 yards past us, I told our men to take
of their cloaks and get ready. We followed on the
grass into the road as quietly as we could. After we
had advanced about 1140 yards, walking stow and
still, we found a net act on the road. When we got
to the net we went cimsiderably quicker, and upon
reaching CARTLIDGE's gate we saw three men close to
it. They began to throw Monett at us. They then
rushed away to get over the stile—one of them sue-
nailed, the other two not. The deceased, who was a
tine strong young man, and Samuel. Htatoinknockeil
them down with their fails. About 30 yards down
the first field I overtook another man, and knocked
him down with nip flail." He then went on to
describe the coming up of about thirty-four poachers,
and the fight with flails, sticks, and stones on both
sides, and then added, "We determined to go on
fighting whilst any man was standing on either side.
We were beaten by" poachers two years ago, and were
determined not to be beaten again." Another of the
gamekeepers describing the blow which resulted in
the death of the keeper ROBEHTs, said, " Whilst we
were knocking the poachers down with our flails as
fast as we could, one of the poachers threw a large
stone and hit Itoanats over the head and knocked
him down." He fell, exclaiming "Oh, I'm done,"
was carried to a neighbouring cottage, and died
within tour hours. Several others of the game-
keepers were severely hurt. When the poachers
were gone, their nets, thirteen in number, each being
forty feet long, were found. They had thus come
determined to carry off a large quantity of game.
What are the reflections suggested by this horrid
narrative ? Doubtless there were many men of bad
and desperate character amongst the poachers, but
how many of them had entered upon the enterprise
in a spirit of adventure ? How many with a view to
have a brush with the gamekeepers, who are the
petty tyrants of the labouring classes in game pre-
served districts? It is clear that whatever may bo
the legal view of their conduct, these men did not re-
gard themselves as in the commission of a crime.
They regarded the game, as the law regards it,
as wild animals which belong to nobody till
captured. 1/o we ever hear of even the most crimi-
nal of our population assembling in numbers to at-
tack a sheep fold, to rob a henroost or the like?
Aud are not men intent on such crimes startled like
deer by the smallest show of resistance or pursuit ?
reason of the difference is perfectly obvious,
and is accounted fur by every one acquainted with
our peasantry, and our rural criminals, by the fact
that nothing will ever induce a poacher to believe
that in poaching he has committed a crime, a sin;
while the rubber even of the henroost is conscience
stricken in the very act of committing the robbery.
Now we are not insensible to the moral evils of
poaching; we know that the poacher soon becomes a
vagabond and an outcast, and generally ends by
acts of deeper criminality; but the labouring classes,
aye and other classes too, do not regard poaching as
actually criminal, and admitting to the full all the
evil consequences which follow from breaches of even
the barbarous game laws, it is impossible to avoid
seeing that there is a broad distinction between the
putnut of a wild animal and an act which is truly
a theft. And it is in this tendency to confuse the
sense of right and wrong that the game laws arc
especially injurious to the community. To permit
the existence of a special code of laws, confessedly
harsh and barbarous, for the protection of game, the
preservation of which is practically inconsistent with
cultivation and a fully peopled &strict, and which
- tights

ingly voted by the Assembly.
M. Casablanca, Minister of Commerce, is a decided
Bonapartist, although not of the extreme dye of l'er-
signy. lk is a member of the Assembly, in which
he represents Corsica. Burn at Nice, in 1796, he
studied for the bar, which profession he practised as
an advocate in the court of Bartia, in Corsica. Ile
was a candidate for the liberal opposition under the
monarchy of July. since the revolution of February
he has steered a moderate course between the repub-
licans and the party of reaction. lie forms with M.
Abbatucci one of the most confidential advisers of
Louis Napoleon.
M. llippolyte Fortonl, Minister of Marine, is also
an Elysean, and a member of the Assembly, where
he represents the department of the Basses Alms.
M. Fortoul began life as a literary man, with radical
political principles, and distinguished himself by
contributions to the Berme de l'aris, L'.lrtide, and
the National. During the latter years of the reign
of Louis Philippe, M. Fortoul obtained the professor-
ship of literature at Aix, since which period his
politica have veered round to conservatism. Ilia
name has been frequently mentioned in the latter
ministerial crises. M. Furtoul wax formerly a Saint
Simonian. lie is a fluent speaker.
M. Corbin, Minister of Justice, is procureur-gene-
ral at Bourges, in which capacity he has distin-
guished himself by his activity and real in the legal
investigations relative to the recent socialist insur-
rection in the Valley of the Loire. M. Corbin was
formerly procureur-general at Angers, sad is dis-
tinguished by his firmness and talent in speaking.
M. do Thorigny, Minister of the Interior, was for-
merly advocate-general of the Court of Paris. Under
Loos Philippe ho spoke in several of the principal
tions of the press. Since the revolution of
rsTmeell has returned to the bar. lic was considered
as a staunch legitimist, and has successfully defended
in his legal career several legitimist journals under,
prosecution.
M. Charles Giraud, !Minister of Public Instruction,
held this poet before as one of the provisional
mi-
nisters on the downfall of the Ikm:he-cabinet. lie
is a member of the Institute, and must not be con-
founded with M. Augustin Giraud, of Angers, who
was recently consulted by the President on the for-
mation of a ministry.
M. de St. Arnaud is the last of the Aft lean gene-
rals who has appeared upon the scene. lie is known
chiefly for having conducted the receut campaign
I •
against the Kabyles. He is reFarded as Elysean.
Count Target, Minister of koreign Affairs, was a
member of the Chamber of l'eers under the late
monarchy, and is a descendant of the celebrated
minister of finance of Louis XVI. The lustre of his
name and the distinction of his antecedents caused
the report of his accession to the cabinet to be re-
ceived with great jealousy by the parliamentary
party, whose chief organs, the Ordre and llessayer,
repeatedly contradicted this fact.
The new ministry were assembled yesterday at the
Elyse°, where they held a conference from 2 to 5.
Emile de Girardiu says Whatever be the cha-
sicter of the new cabinet, the ministers who propose
to repeal the law of May 31, need only this reason
to have the support of all who do not desire civil
The decrees appointing the ministers were signed
yesterday at the Elysee. To-day, at 4 o'clock, the
President was still at St. Cloud. I met Generals
Magnate and St. Arnaud riding from St. Cloud to
Paris at that hour with a numerous staff. The com-
mander-in-chief is a brisk-looking little officer, of
about 60. St. Arnaud, on the contrary, is a large
heavy individual, of about C,O.
The Committee of Permanence met to-day, in pur-
suance of their resolution on Thursday. 31. Charles
Giraud, the Minister of Public Instruction, was in-
troduced, and read the letter iu which the President
notifies to the committee the appointment of the
new cabinet. M. de Montemart and M. l)ufougerais
made some short observations, after which the com-
mittee agreed to adjourn until next Thursday. The
sitting was presided over by General Bedeau, and
only lasted half an hour.
The Ordre says : If, as the Patric states this
evening, ministerial negotiations are now confined to
the men of order, the Elysee must have abandoned
the pretensions, whichhavecaused the crisis, and have
renounced the execution of its plans, for we cannot
believe that any member of the party of order can
lend his name and responsibility to measures, the
fiest result of which would be to disorganise tho

kads to such sa%age ..ants as that at Rut- majority.
ford, is perfectly unjustifiable, and could The .11oniteur inserts a decree of the ex-prefect of
never happen hud not our legislators a persona! I police, M. earlier, " irrevocably fixing" the drawing
interest in that species of territorial right which of the lottery of the ingots of gold, for Sunday, the
is involved in game preserving. Nor can the 116th of November, at 12 o'clock preeisely,in thetirque
effect of this system on the gamekeepers be over- : Olynipique in the Champ Elyst:vs. The decree ap-
looked. They commence by knocking down the potato a special comtniosion to superiu:ond the draw-

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 28, 1851.

in g, consisting of M. Monnin-Jaby, Senior Mayor
of Paris, President; M. Berenger, Juge de Paix of
the Ist Arrondissement; M. -Klein, Judge of the
Tribunal of Commerce; M. de Besse, Chef do Bureau
of the Ministry of Finance ; sad M. de Couzai Cretel,
Principal Cashier of the Bank of France. The ex-
Minister of the Interior, M.L. Faucher, has approved
of this decree.
The rents do not seem to have been much more
affected by the end than by the beginning of the
crisis. The Fives closed at 90.43, with a rise of Sc.
The Threes closed at the same price as yesterday.
The investigation into the disturbances in the
department of the Chcr is being actively continued.
Lamentable facts have already been brought to light.
In one village alone, that of :Wilton, sixty persons
were discovered to belong to secret societies. Only
five or six, however, appeared to possess much
intelligence.
The President of the Republic has approved of a
decree by the ex-Minister of tho Interior, M. Leon
Faucher, dated October 12, by which it has decided,
in order to attempt to remove the complaints made
of the immoral and dangerous political tendency,
and the literary imperfection of a great number of
theatrical pieces, that the following prizes shall be
annually given :
A sum of five thousand franc to the author of a success.
ful dramatic work in four or live acts, in prose, or verse, re-
presented at the Theatre Francais, and which shall be
moral in character and brilliant in execution. A sum of
three thousand francs, to a piece of the like character,
of less than four acts, represented with success
at the same theatre. A sum of five thousand
francs to the author of the work in fear or five acts, in
°rose or verse, represented with success at any theatre at
Paris, or even, if given fur the first time in a provincial
theatre, " which shall be of a nature to serve in the instruc-
tion of the labouring classes, by the propagation of sound
ideas and the spectacle of good examples." Alum of three
thousand francs to the author of any such piece of less than
four acts, represented with success in any Parisian or pro-
vincial the mire. A commission, consisting of the director of
the department of fine arts, of four members of the aca-
demy, and of four members of the commission of the
theatres, is to make a report on the pieces to be recompensed,
and the minister is to choose the author from the list it is
to present. The funds arc to he taken from the subvention
of the Thatre Francis, and front the budget of the
hue arts.

Presidential decrees of the 17th remove M. de
Saligdae-Fenelon, envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary from Saxony to Switzerland; M.
de Ferriere-Levayer, from Hammer to Saxony; M.
de liassano, from Baden to Hanover; and appoint
M. de Meneval, first secretary of the French lega-
tion at Vienna, to be envoy at Baden ; and M. de
Serre, chief of the cabinet and of the secretary's
office in the department of foreign affairs, to be first
secretary at Vienna. Another decree confers the
rank of officer in the Legion of Honour on IL do
Vallat, consul of twelve years' standing.