The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-10 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, AUG. 10.

THE Irish elections, as usual, provoke very mingled
sentiments—much disgust, not a little amusement, and
some little satisfaction. The gentry and aristocracy
come off worse and worse. Respectability is more
and more out of place on the hustings. And even
where the whig gentry had a chance, the tory gentry
have joined the repealers, either with indifference or
hostile votes, to oust them. Not all the landlord sea/
of such a man as Sit WINSTON BARRON COUld save
him ; nor could the first rank in eminence as en Irish
statesman tell in favour of Mr. WYSE. A PONSONBY
is ejected from the Duke of Dovoresiimes town of
Youghal, whilst at Mallow and Minorcan Mr. SMELL
and Sir Denims NORRETS escape by miracle.
Even in the towns on the east coast of Ireland,
whose very existence is the export trade to England,
to be moderate or honourable is almost sure to lead
to exclusion. We have alluded to the result in Wa-
terford. In Drogheda Sir WILLIAM SOMERVILLE'S
seat was perilled by a repealer, improvised from the
streets of London. An American, with coarser Bil-
:insgate than his countrymen would tolerate, and with
avowed dishonesty of principle, is member for Dun-
dalk. Still, as we have said, there is some cause of

-T+W

When we say that the circumstances of West Olen-
oestershire and Monmouthshire are similar, we must
nut do Lord GRANVILLE Souses= the injustice to
compare him with Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY. Un-
popular and supercilious u he is said to be in manner,
and liable perhaps to many obLections on the ground
of his political opinions, Lord URANTILLE SOMERSET
has never been denied the credit ef industry, acute-
ness, and official aptitude. He has acquitted him-
self with reputation in several high situations,
and has long exercised in the House of Commons an
inffuenee which can only be acquired by the display
of genuine talents for business. He has also for many
years discharged the duties of chairman of the Mon-
mouthshire Quarter Sessions with remarkable vigour
and ability. On the whole, although he owes his
position to his rank, as the son and brother of a
duke, it is impossible to dispute his personal supe-
riority over the average body of county members.
If the blood of independent Englishmen is stirred
when even a rude and pugnacious blunderer receives
notice to quit the representation of a county from an
offended patron, a deeper feeling is excited by a
claim like that of the Duke of BEAU FORT, to thrust
a young and unknown nominee on a constituency in
the place ef an able and tried representative, who,
although his brother. will not submit to be his tool

There is only one point in which the dictation of
the Duke of BEAUFORT appears at first sight less
extravagant than that of Lord FITZRARDINGE: the
pretext for dismissing Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET
is founded on his public conduct, while Mr. GRANT-
LEY BERKELEY was discharged in consequence of a
family squabble. How far the duke prefers even
protectionist politics to the assertion of oligarchical
claims may be conjectured from the countenance
which he is understood to have afforded to Lord
FITZITARDINGE'S proceedings in Gloucestershire. It
is not the first time that a holy alliance has pre-
ferred the private interests of a privileged order to
international or local jealousies. The professed
reason, however, for the opposition which has been
set up against the old member for Monmouthshire
arises from his ooaduct with reference to the corn
laws, though he might probably have voted with
impunity against protection if; in doing so, he had
not disobeyed the lord protector. If the Duke of
BEAUFORT condescended to recognise public opinion
so far as to defend his conduct, he would, probably,
assign his brother's tergiversation as his reason for
turning him out of parliament; and we might be
disposed to give him credit for his Spartan firmness
if he contented himself with passively withdrawing
his support. By assisting in the return of a follower
of Sir ROBERT PEEL he might seem to be an accom-
plice of his free-trade heresies; while, in forbearing
to exert his influence in favour of a heterodox kins-
man, he would appear to make a certain sacrifice to
principle.
But the conduct of the Duke of BEAUFORT suffi-
ciently shows that it is not the inconsistency of the
politician, bat the disobedience of the nominee, which
he resents. The opposition which is set up is well
known to be his own. It is not merely a tory in
place of a perverted tory, bat a SOMERSET who is
substituted for a rebellions SoMERsST. The BEAU-
FORT tenantry, who might have been left, if politics
only had been considered, to vindicate their own
claims to protection, have received peremptory orders
to vote for the new ducal delegate. In the debates
on the corn laws, the Duke of BEAUFORT boasted
that there were families on his estates who had lived
under his ancestors from the time when the BEAU-
FORTS of Somerset sprang from JOHN OF GAUNT :
yet he has not been ashamed to break the old con-
nexion, where his tenants have voted for his brother,
for whom six years ago he would have compelled
them to vote. If it is only protection which he wor-
ships, it cannot be necessary to make farmers martyrs
to the cause of agriculture.
Boroughmongers are bad ; but countymongers are
more offensive. When Mr. GLADSTONE, Lord ARTHUR
LENNOX, and others, were dismissed for voting against
the corn laws, or Mr. ASELLEY COOPER for supporting
them, but little indignation was excited. No one sup-
poses that the members for Newark, or Chichester, or
Dorchester, or Caine, represent any constituencies ex
apt their patron. ; but when a large body of electors
chooses a member of a noble house, it is at least de-
cent and prudent to assume that they exercise a dis-
cretion of their own. A connexion of thirty years
might naturally lead Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET
and his constituents to think that they bore some re-
lation to each other, in addition to their common de-
ference to the Duke of BEAUFORT. A judicious patron
would conceal his influence, and strengthen it by
allowing others a share in its exercise; but to the,
true oligarch the consciousness of power is nothing
unless it is felt and recognised by all.

congratulation.
Young Ireland has not shone forth with much
brilliancy or strength. Repeal, indeed, has still its
magic influence; but it is the repeal of the great
Liberator, which signified a menace to England
rather than a defiance, a demand of justice and
equality rather than of irrevocable separation. The
repeal of Young Ireland is at once a visionary and a
sanguinary purpose, unattainable by common sense or
common conduct, and only to be wrung from con-
quered England by some warlike descendant of
BRIAN BOROEME. O'CONNELL'S repeal was in nowise
Ossianic, but a very shrewd system of opposition,
annoyance, and pressure, conceived in the brain of a
lawyer.
There can be no doubt that Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN'S
idea of repeal was the more poetic and heroic of the
two, and one that would have told far better in a
remote age. The idea of electing Irish representatives
to stay at home was certainly very dignified, end. espe-
cially dignified for a body of members whose &catty
was bait oonsulted by their silence. The new member for
Dublin, the latest expression of the repeal enthusiasm
does not read his duty thus. He is to attend parlia-
ment, and to divide it each session on a motion for re-
peal. That great duty performed, be is to do inces-
sant battle for not only Irish but local interests—in
short, to perform the part of a true, vigilant, and zea-
lous member of parliament.
This avowal of the practical, this approval of it,
by a democratic constituency, is, in the present times,
a good and potent sign. Not a km significant one
is given in Limerick, where Mr. flaunt O'BRIEN, the
very hero and prophet of Young Ireland, has reigned
in consequence of insults from the Old Ireland parV,
which the latter have refused to atone for. A ft,-
vourite candidate for the same county is Mr. MONSELL,
of Tervoe, who may be considered the very chief
of the practical reformers of Ireland. Mr.
MONSELL'S ideas may not be always just,
but they are practical. And if Ireland would but
send representatives of each interest, who would be
straightforward and plain exponents of the wants,
views, and grievances of each interest, instead of idle
ransackers of history and declaimers about imaginary
wrongs, there might then be some prospect of under-
standing and improvement, instead of outpourings
of abuse on both sides, and a whetting of swords
upon one.
The support given to such men as Mr. MONSELL, at
Limerick, and Mr. M'Cru. ton, at Dundalk, by the
catholic priesthood, is another not unimportant sign.
Wherever, indeed, there are catholic gentry, the
antagonism to England is not more than true patriot-
ism warrants. It 'bows that in the destruction of
the catholic aristocracy, the prohibition of catholic
landed proprietorship, and of the political rights of
the catholic., England was her own enemy.. For
she thereby reared in Ireland an envious and hostile
democracy, whose naistance seldom takes that rational
turn, or admits of that rational explanation which
could offer the means or the information requisite far
satisfying it ; but which, on the contrary, L fit se
brute passions and purposes, an animal superiority at
race being its only aim, a thirst for violence and Mead
its chief propensity.
This is the result of tory policy—this the state of
things and of society brought about by the SnAws
and the ascendancy party. The tree remedy for it
lies not in arming protestant landlords and clergy
with extreme power of position or of right, but of
reconnecting the catholics with the land—with the
pesos and prosperity of the country. It is evident,
from the favour shown in many places to repealer. by
omservatives, that the more rabid of this party with
to continue or renew the evils which they themselves
have generated, and are resolved, like their proto-
types in France of 1789, to precipitate evil, in the
hope that good may come. The lowest democracy,
even an American regime, is more welcome to them
than the anion of a liberal gentry with the enlight-
ened of the middle classes.

Seim tuum ulhil est, nl.l to mire Doe .cat

The duke's ostentatious interference with the inde-
iendence of Monmoathshfre has not been w•ithoat its

good effects. A general feeling has been excited in
favour of Lord GRAN 'MLR SOMERSET which we hope
will place him at the head of the poll. It is to be re-
gretted that the family of his late colleague, theMOR-
GARS of Tredegar, so far prefer their political party
to the independence of the county as to throw the in-
fluence of their wealth and popularity into tho scale of
the intrusive candidate. On the other hand, the
gantry and independent freeholders are generally
favourable to Lord °MANVILLE SOMERSET ; and the
great body of his former political opponents have
come forward to support him against the Duke of
BEAL:PORT. We hope that those of them who yet
hang back from a probably well-founded belief that
the independent candidate is still widely
from themselves in opinion, will come forwaarb,tdel
t-
prive their professed adversaries of a triumph. The old
Welsh catholic families of Monmouthshire must be well
aware that their rights are more likely to be respected
by the party which Lord G. SOMERSET now follows
than by that of his opponents ; and the advocates of
enlarged commercial policy can scarcely consent to
trust to a protectionist nominee the great and grow-
ing importance of their county. The question of in-
dependence, however, is more important than any
political difference. Except in West Gloaceetershire,
no equally daring attempt to assert the right of nomi-
nation has been made et the present election. That
populous district has shaken off the yoke of the
castle; and we hope that Monmouthshire will follow
its example.

CONTRARY to all expectation, the West Gloucester-
shire election has been decided in favour of the un-
friended, ill-provided, and undeserving candidate,
who, for the time, represented the cause of in-
dependence. Bribery and intimidation have done
their worst. Mob violence has not unnaturally allied
itself to the oligarchical coalition ; but Mr. GRANTLEY
BERKELEY has been returned for the sole reason that
he was no longer the nominee of the castle. A
less wise member the freeholders of Gloucestershire

TIME are two classes of remedies applicable to
social disorders. One reaches the root of the malady,
the other deals with the outward manifestation of its
virulence. The great difficulty of legislators is to
time the applications of one and of the other. Edu-
cation, in that most comprehensive sense of the word,
which includes the use of all available means of sill-
ritualising the gross, and refining the brutal and
ignorant, is the one great agency through which alone
the lower class of our population can be materially
and permanently benefited. But the fact that all
legiaLtion is, by comparison with this, superficial, by
no means gives legislators a dispensation from the se-
dulous preparation and judicious employment of minor
measures.

could scarcely have chosen; bat his very want of
personal fitness makes the triumph of the principle
with which he was casually identified more con-
spicuous. The old loyalist vowed allegiance to the
crown, even though it hung on a bush; and the right
of election may be vindicated even by supporting the
advocate of " punches on the head."
In the adjoining county of Monmouth a contest
remains to be decided, which is strikingly similar in
its eirciunstanoes. There, as in Gloucestershire, the

There are many and painful signs of barbarism and
brutality among the peasantry and artisans of Eng-
land. This period of the year is rife in them. The
assize lists and criminal calendars admit us into a gak
lery of dark end ghastly pictures. Crimes are per-
petrated in cottages which rival the courtly atrocities
of the Bain-num? and the BORGIAM. The insidious
and appalling offence of poisoning seems to be grow-
ing more and more common every year. Perhaps
this increase of such crimes is only apparent. The
chemical test discovers what the autopsy left hidden.
The earth no longer covers the decd. While a portion
of the body remains undecayed, science can detect the
poison, and the murderer is not safe so long as hie vic-
tim's dust can be separated from the common earth of
the churchyard. But whether it be more or less com-
mon than it used to be, this is a crime which indi-
a deen.rooted and fearful recklessness in the
perpetrator. It is one, iiii,gt;irer, which is seldom
committed once only. There is a terrible tascimition
in the knowledge that You hold in your hand the
lives of households. If this were not sufficiently
proved by such cases as those of ANNA MARIA ZWAN-
ZIGER, the German poisoner, whose deeds FENERBACH
has chronicled, the confession of MARY ANN MILNER,
who lately crowned her quadruple poisoning with
suicide, in the gaol at Lincoln, actually avows this
horrible passion. Nothing ministers to it so effectually
and fatally as the ease with which poison may be
procured in this country. There is no restriction
whatever on the sale of deadly drugs. Not always
is the petty precaution observed of writing "poison"
on the phial or packet.
A suggestion was made to Mr. Baron ALDERSON,
by an Oxford grand jury (we believe), that some
restrictions should be imposed on the sale of poisons.

inhume d a powerfid hinny has long secured one of
the mats to itself; and there also the head of the
house threatens the late member with dismissal, in
punishment of political disobedience. The Duke of
BEALTORT might be satisfied if he was a moderate
man ; and if he was a prudent man, would conceal his
dissatisfaction with the share which he possesses of
the representation of the commons of the realm. His
DM is returned without a contest for East Gloucester-

shire ; the member for Breconshire !fits by ducal permis-
sion; and all parties in Monmouthshire are willing to
recognise the preponderance of the house of 8031 EnSET.
But the duke, like his friend Lord Firzitsmnsor, is
not contented with limited Monarchy. The electors
counties are plainly told that their choice is not,
even 12e free. They propose to return
SOMERSET, whom, 1u: years, they have con-
curred with his family in choosing a; ►heir represen-
tative; and they Aid that the member,' With whom
they are satisfied is discarded by his imperious chief.
They must still choose a SOMERSET, but one who will
be the professed nominee and delegate of the Duke of
BEAUFORT. Their servitude bad been concealed and
overgrown in the lapse of time. In choosing an old
and experienced representative, a laborious and use-
ful man of business, the freeholders of Monmouth-
shire might feel something of the satisfaction
of independence, and forget that their member
had first en appointed by a duke. On a sudden
they find themselves pulled up short, and rudely re-
minded that their member is chosen neither for his
own merits nor in pursuance of their wishes, but
because he is presumed to be the tool of the owner of
Troy Howe and Ragland.

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 10, 1847.

The learned Baron treated the recommendation very
cavalierly, observing that many of the commonest
ingredients of medicine were poisons, and that any
restriction on their sale Lwould be troublesome and
vexatious.
This may be, although the precaution might rea-
dily be adapted to each a neoeseity, if it exists. But
even granting the annoyance suggested by Baran
ALDERSON, whit ie it compared with the good that
would follow from a measure which would expose
the poisoner to almost certain detection? In Prussia,
and, we believe, in other German provinces, poisons
can only be sold in the presence of a third perek,
known both to buyer and seller. We do not mean
to recommend a precisely similar regulation for this
country, bat something analogous should, we feel con-
vinced, be applied to stop a practice so hideously
common, amongst our rural population especially.
This is, of course, only the superficial remedy.
The real mischief is in the state of mind which stir
such deeds and fortifies the will which goes
through with them. For this we must go to the
root of the national character among our lower
class. In its coarse and animal brutality, unchecked
by religion, uninformed by intelligence, uncontrolled
by virtuous activity, unsupported by self-respect,
he in their germ the savage violence of the
ruffian who beats his wife to death, tho un-
natural cruelty of the mother who starves or,
strangles her child, and the craftier, bat more I
dangerous, malignity of :the poisoner who mixes
arsenic with the household meal, or the cup of

medicine.
Unless speedy and determined recourse be had to
every agency through which educational influences
can be brought to bear on the poor and ignorant,
we shall only vary the forms of crime, by throwing
difficulties in the path which the criminal has
hitherto followed with ease and impunity.
But it is not the less our duty to throw these diffi-
culties in his way, while we assail him with more
deep-reaching instrumentalities from another side. '
It would be an easy thing to forbid the sale of
poisons except uader special restraints. What these
restraints should be is another question, which expert
persons might best answer. But that no time should be
lost in erecting a barrier between the means of death
and him who is eager to use them is, we apprehend, a
matter beyond dispute. The end might be attained
by a short and simple act. We beg to recommend
the suggestion to the notice, if not of government,
at least of those who hare it in their power to en-
force such matters on government attention.

We learn from the Paris journals, that the health of
the Ring of the Belgians begins to inspire much un-
easiness. His Majesty accompanied by the Queen re-
turned on Saturday night to Laecken from Paris, in a
very weak state. M. Rogier had an audience at the
palace on Sunday afternoon, and laid before the King
the list of the members of the new cabinet. It is
generally believed that that list will be approved of,
unless M. Rogier should impose certain objectiona-
ble conditions, for undertaking the government of the
country.

Letters from Rome of the 26th inst., quoted by the
Nuremberg Correspondent, say that Minardi (whom
the Times calla the Cardinal Minardi), and who is
now a prisoner in the Castle of St. Angelo, having
been known to be one of the chief agents in the
conspiracy which has been detected and defeated,
has been offered a pardon on the condition of his
surrendering the names of his fellow-conspirators,
and ;giving to the government a full confession of the
plot. It is further stated that he has already made
some revelations, in consequence of which several
arrests have been secretly made. In general, the
greatest eecresy is observed resting the investiga-
tion which is in progress, and hence the many con-
tradictory reports which are in circulation. It is
known that the Pope has conferred the most exten-
sive powers on M. Morandi, the pro-governor of
Rome, to prosecute this affair.

MADRID, Avocet 3.

Since the Queen returned from a Minting excur-
sion to Rio Frio there have been goings to and fro of
ministers between Madrid and La Oranja, and some
important business has been dispatched, of which
anon. The Duke of Oluckeberg returned to Madrid
on Sunday (the Ist), having presented a letter from
the Duchess of Montpensier which relieved the
Queen's apprehensions concerning her sister's health.
Beravidee appeared at La Oranja on Saturday night:
he was followed by Salamanca, who arrived early on
Sunday morning. The latter proceeded straight
to the house of Serrano, where he took
up his quarters. Some hours later both went
together to the palace, where they had an
interview with the Queen. Semmes and the
Minister of the Interior returned to Madrid yester-
day ; the former promising to return to the court to
join an excursion which has been fixed by the Queen
for Thursday to El Paular. The road winding through
difficult passes, and being exceedingly rough and pre-
cipitous, the Queen has bought for 20 dollars a nag
of the country for the occasion, that will carry her
more safely than one of her Andalusian barbs.
In riding, the Queen puts the courtiers to their
mettle, declining few leaps that fall in her way. It
appears that Senor Salamanca went to La Oranja to
obtain the Queen's signature to two very important
decrees which appear in to-day's Gazette—the first
rescinding the contract with the Bank of St. Fer-
nando, and exhibiting the mode in which the govern-
ment's debt to the bank will be liquidated ; and the
second abolishing custom-houses in the interior.
Instead of the latter,there will be a double line at the
frontier, comprising a zone varying in width from
1 to L leagues, once past which, no merchandise is
to be subjected to any further overhauling by
carabiniers. However, the Madrid corps of cara-
biniers, and those of Burgos and Logrono, are not to
be done away with yet, the latter keeping the line of
the Ebro, to prevent the monopolies of salt and to-
bacco, from which the Basque provinces are exempt
from being invaded in the unprivileged region. There
is another decree drawing a distinction between the
duties to be paid upon silk goods, and those which
are mixed silk and wool or cotton, which have hitherto
been the same.

The Minister of War puts forth a decree precluding
all who in future embrace the career of arms from the
enjoyment of the retiring pensions established in their
favour by the law of August 8, 1841, and referring
them to the provisions of the old law of June 3, 1828,
which ie not quite so munificent in its arrangements.
The re-elections of Cortes-deputies for the seats said
to be vacant by the acceptance of places under the
government, will not, as has been stated by some of
the papers, take place yet, for the very good reason
that the deputies in possession must be first pro-
nounced by the Cortes incompetent to retain their
seats before they can be ejected. And, as the first
business is the election of the President of Congress,
by issuing new writs at present 35 votes would be
lost upon that occasion to the ministry.
Great numbers still repair to the Bank of San
Fernando to have their notes cashed, and the system
of paying in pesetas and reals still continues, so that
persons have to remain several hours before they can
be attended to. A friend having received some of
these notes from his hanker sent his servant to get
them cashed, who returned, after waiting some time,
with the paper unchanged. Upon having recourse to
his banker to give him more current coin, he was
obliged to pay lj per cent. for gold.
The Faro says that the Union Bank have addressed
a document to Senor Salamanca, desiring the disso-
lution of their exchequer-bill contract with the
government. It is certain that of the 15 millions
they were to furnish in July not a penny has been
paid.
The Correo has an article in favour of the free
importation of grain. Free exportation was esta-
blished by a decref) which I menticamd eope time
back.
The troops on their march from Portugal, that
were approaching Madrid, have been ordered into
Navarre.
Gen. Iriarte went on Sunday to pay his respects to
the Queen, at La Granja.
Colonel Rios, having pursued the bands of Bon and
Estartss for several days in the high mountains,
came up with them on the 25th, near San Pedro do
Tamil°. In the action which ensued three of the
rebels wero killed. A second action was fought the
same day by the same parties, in which two rebels
were killed. The troops sustained no loss on either
occasion.
A band of insurgents entered Banolas on the night
of the 26th. The commanding officer ordered out