The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-07 00:00:00

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, SErr.
EMPLOTIIENT OF THE PEOPLE. —A proclamation from
the Lord Lieutenant appeared last night in the Dublin
GazeUe, bringing into actire and immediate operation the
recent act for the relief of the Irish poor by employment,
through means of a labour rate.
Br roe Loan Lirt-rr.x.xr qYNLBAL AND GENERA:, OW/ KNOX or

Biessoaoton. Whereas, by an act word in the tenth year et the
reign of her present Majemy,. intituled "An act to facilitate the em-
ployment of the labouring poor for a limited period Li distressed dis-
tricts in Ireland,” it is enacted, that whenever, on representation of
the existence of distrecs in any district, it may seem ex,
_ledient to the
Lord Lieutenant or Chief Governor or Governors of L-eland, that an
extraordinary presentment ersions for any barony, half barony,
county of a city, or county of a town, In hrelsnd 'tbe county
of the city of Dublin excepted), should amen.e,le and make
presentments for the elocution of public works in such district,
it shall be lawful for the Lord Lieutenant or other 'Net governor or
governors of Ireland, from time to time, by a notice be published
in the Dubtiot Gazette, and she in one or more r ruvapers circu-
hew is theempeettm dlsteicts, and of which notice copies shall be
• wird in On nd plaossilr Lamina public grand jury Dodoes in
mob Markt, Marmot sad that an extraordinary presentment
senior' for ands berm/ barmy, county of&city, or county of a
town, as the ore be, shall meet and assemble for the purpmee of
the add mt. AM cereemetationc have been made to to. Ce
these of &dram in as baccomr of Baptise, in the county of
Donegal, sow I, Jaintallilain, Rut of ilechorourb, Lord Lieutenant
Genera and emend Ciavarmr of Ireland, de, by this notice, direct
and Media MEI an asteamdbery prmastatent stakone for the raid
buoy at lisgbakin tar enmity cif Amid, shall meet and its.emble
for Ma porpdaes af dr mid ma, M BAphoe, in the said barons., on
Mohair, _the 141hZfornmaber at the bout of twelve o'clock,
nom DIM at rave id day of September, 1646. By
kis gap ft IN Fr. H. Lsooeciuma.
The gm/1r 0100 toiotios &Oar proclamation for bolding

baronial sessions in the following counties and place and at
the time specified :
COBB.—Half Bunny, eatery West, at division, at Skibbereaa,
Ml 4, at 12. Half Botany, Carberry Wen, west division, Bally-
Sept. 13, at IS. Barony of Bear, at Castletown, Sept. IS, at
Barony of Bantry, at Bantry, Sept. 18, at IS. Barony at Lower
Thlla, at Broadturd, Sept. 14, at It.
DONEGAL--Boma y of Boyle", at Mendes, Sept. 17, at It
NATO.—Barone of Enis, at Behnollet, Sept. IS, at 12. Barony of
Oneleiio, at Ballagitatierres, Sept. 18, at IL Barony of Galen, at
iletiedwd, Sept. 17, at IL Barony of Tyrawky, Babas, Sept. 16,
at LL

ROSCOMMON. —Barony of Ballintobber, south, at Roscommon,
Sept. 18, at 12. Barony of Boyle, at [Wyk, Sept. 14, at Is. Barony
of (hoidens, at Castlerea, Sept. 16, at IS. Freschpark, at Preach-
park, Sept. 15, at 12. Roscommon, at Strokestown, Sept. 19, at 12.
OLlGo.—loyney, at Totercurry, Sept. 16, at 12. Conan, at Bally-
mote, Sept. IS, at 12. Tlreragh, atEsokey, Sept. IS, at 12. Ilrerrill,
at C,ollooney, Sept. It, at 12.
TLYPERARY.—Barony of Upper Ormond, at Too:lmam Sept. 14,
at 12. Barony of Owney and Arra, at Newport, Sept. 18, at 12.
Barony of Lower Ormond, at Smooth, Sept. 16, at If.
WATERFORD.—Barony of Bede, Without Drum, at Dungan an,
Sept. 14, at 11.
This immediate action was rendered indispensable by the
accounts received from all quarters, through deputatians and
by letter, detailing the frightful affliction of the country, and
the destitution which impends overall the agricultural popu-
lation of the country. The promptitude with which Lord
Besborough acted upon those representations has procured
for his Excellency the praises of all parties in the country.
The Evening Mail says, " A most important duty will now
devolve upon the several baronial sessions thus culled toge-
ther by the Lord-Lieutenant. With them rest, the power of
selection as to the public works to be set on foot within their
respective district.,; and upon their judgment will depend
the choice either of undertakings that will coufer lasting
benefit upon the country, or of works possessing no other
recommendation than that of furnishing an excuse for the
distribution of alms." The Freernan's Journal compliments
the Lord-Lieutenant on his promptness of action and the
Weekly Register says:—" It is matter of deep and heartfelt
congratulation, that at such a season we should have an Irish
government, whose best exertions, we have this early assu-
rance. will be devoted to afford them prompt relief."
THE POTATO BLIGHT.-- -The extreme beauty of the
weather at the present time renders the appearance of the
potato-fields and gardens the more melancholy. I have
recently been • journey of some forty or fifty mdes through
Wicklow, and on every aide, amidst the greenness and fresh-
ness of all other fields and growing crops, the spaces allotted
to the potcoes were one sweep of dark, dry, earth-colbured
blight. Large fields, or small patches, it was all the same ;
nor was this dry, withered-up appearance confined to any
particular spots in each field, but the whole was exactly alike
in every part. Those potato-fields which did not present
this brown and wretched hue were only those where the
rotting stalks had served as a rank manure fur weeds, and a
luxuriant crop of all sorts of overgrowth was nourish-
ing, in some places the weeds being in full flower,
so as to cover long strips of the fields with uninter-
rupted masses of yellow flowers or bright red poppies,
as if in gaudy mockery of the wretchedness beneath.
In very few instances indeed had the dead stalks been re-
moved, and cabbages or turnips planted in their place. 111
inquired the reason of this from many persons. Some said
it was because the people had no money to buy seed ; others
said, it was because the peasantry had resigned themselves
to despair ; others, that the owners of these withered fields had
a foolish hope that the crops might in part revive. At any rate,
there were the fields with the entire crops dead, and the land
iletrardolYree sh t:irirtrre: ofi Dreatityt:lfd the
ee
that beMr.
had
recently travelled thirty miles into the country, and saw just
the same melancholy appearances I have described ; and Mr.
Baker, a dissenting minister, told me that he had just been
a journey of a hundred miles, passing slowly through the
country, and it was the same throughout.
THE Carpe.—The 3foaaghan Standard thus speaks of
the untoward deficiency of the crops in that neghbourhood.
The corn crops in this neighbourhood are nearly all cut
do en. The wheat is the only grain which approaches en
average. The oat crop is light in the head, and prematurely
ripened, and we are informed by the very beet authorities,
that it is one-third short in yield.
PRELIMINARY MEETING IN DUBLIN TO CO-OPERATE
WITH THE GOVERNMENT Better MRASURR.—A meeting,
convened by Mr. Classen, was held in the Music hall on
Thursday, Mr. Bermingham in the chair. The object was
to firm a committee of the citizens of Dublin to co-operate
with Government in the present emergence. It was re-
solved to present a requisition to the Lord Mayor to call a
meeting of the citizens to that end at the earliest oppor-
tunity. Mr. Classen propounded a novel remedy fur the
distress:—

" When they spoke of remunerative employment It was often
asked whore th►•. employment WAS to be had Now the middle
classes of the country were formed of persons of different descrip-
tiono. One 1161.12 might have money, and the ability to expenil it to
tecunnerative advantace; another man might have money also, and
as anxious desire to benefit the country without ►nowing how to go
about it properly. Ile would suggest that those who had money to
spare should lend it to their neighbours lisr the purpose of being els
ponied on draining and I daLT useful works of that natant, which,
beside. giving employment to the people, Would soon repay the
money which had been expended upon them. (flear.i"

PROVINCIAL DISTRESS MEETINGS.—The Cork Examiner
received this evening says :
" We devote about eleven coin= of thh day's Extrosisser to reports
of public meetings held in lermoy, Midlnon, Mallow, Kinsale,
Bantry, and in other parts of this county —all convened for the pur-
pose of taking into consideration the fidlure of the potato crop, and
the consequences which that failure Is certain to entail on all classes
In the country. There has not been a statement made in this journal
that is not fully borne Gut by the observations of Muse who attended
these curium. Meetings. There is no attempt to make the blight less
destructme than it really Is, nor to exaggerate the distress :aid
misery which ore certain to fisw fmm a calamity so dreadful and so
universal. All is alarm and apprehension. The landlord trembles
frr the consispiences ; so does the middleman; so dues the tenant
farmer. And well they may, If some decisive step be not taken by the
government, and prompt exertion he made by individuals. It is time
(or each torn to set his own house in good onler."
CHOLERA IN KERRY.—The ICerry Examiner states that
some cases of common cholera have appeared in Listowel,
and seine other towns throughout that county, and in this
town there have been, perhaps. a dozen eases. It is said that
cholera has been caused in most of these instances by the
use of unsound potatoes, but on this subject we have heard
the opinion of a medical gentleman, who stated, that he did
not believe cholera to be caused by the use of diseased pota-
toes, though he was of opinion it might be superinduced by
them.—[This looks like an over-nice distinction.]
Tttg SYretv OE LABOUR.—Lord John Russell has
prescribed it as on of the conditions on which public
labour shall be afforded in any district in Ireland, that no
labour shall be supplied from public sources when there
shall exist any private demand for labour. That this rule is
likely to cause considerable injury to the poor will be
evident from the following paragraph, copied from a pro-
vincial paper:—
On Saturday last the works earned mi under the ooperintondenee
of A. liarnion, Eeq., in this neighbourhood, were brought to a close,
pursuant to an order of the Board of Works, in order to give facilities
to the farmer to secure his harvest. The amount of labourers, how-
ever, was ton numerous fot all that remains to be done at honest
labour, and numbers have been thrown out of employment.- -Northern
tilaadord.
NOW it is well known that the field of private labour is twice
as extensive in the north as in the south or west of Ireland ;
if, therefore, numbers have been thrown out of employment
at Monaghan in consequence of' Lard John Russell's or, 'er,
the result of it in the districts where less ofpiivete employment
offer, to the peasantry must be most afflicting. Upon this
subject the Limerick Reporter observes :
The Public Work" are wholly inadequate to meet the coming evil.
There must be better wage, given too man In ordinary . yeas., for it
shoukl be recollected that bowl at any time Is a much more expereave
trod than potatoes, and now the price of bread enh metal by the
km. of the potato. The poor man, therefore, who could manage to
support Ma family on potatoes, must hall.ti rye them on bread, if he deco
not get an advance upon the ordinary wages. If the landlords, equally
blind to their own interest", and deui to the voice of humanity', will
not, of their own accord, set atom! this safe and effectual remedy Oa-
moliately, there must he public meetings held, and ;Addresses for-
warded to the queen to summon Parliament to pass an act to compel
them to do their duty.
THE LORD LI EtTENANT.—We understand that since the
Earl of Desborough's late arrival in Dublin, his Ezeellency
has caused orders to be executed in this city in the purchase
of Irish linen alone, to the amount of nearly 1,0001.
THE IRISH SECSETARY.—Yesterday (.haturday) Mr.
Labouchere was sworn in a member of the Irish Privy
Council.
THE IRISH CHIEF Itsuos.—The Richt Hon. D. It.
Pigott was sworn into the office of Chief Baron of the Irish
Exchequer on Thursday.
THE IRISH ESTABLISHMENT.—On Sunday his Grace the
Lord Primate held a confirmation in St. Mark's Church,
Armagh. His Grace was attended by his chaplain, the Rev.
James Jones, and on his arrival was met at the west door by
the rector, the Rev. Dr. Elrington, and his curates, in their
robes. The litany was read by the Rev. Dr. Elrington, and
his Grace then addressed the young people in an impressive
manner, from Acts viii. 14, 17. His Grace returned to the
Communion table; 405 young persons were presented to
him fur confirmation-186 from the town and 219 from some
of the country districts of the parish.
REPRESENTATION OF CLONMEL.—The electors of Clon-
niel have selected the Hon. Cecil Lawless, second son of
Lord Cloncurry, as their future representative. Mr. Lawless
is a repealer, having joined the Association after the Exodus
of Young Ireland. g announced this fact, now confirmed
some days since.
O'Commetx AND O'Bates.—A Limerick paper having
stated that the congregated trades of that city had taken
part in the demonstration in favour of Mr. Smith O'Brien,
of which I have sent you an account, the secretary of the
trades has contradicted the assertion.
LANDLORD Bersevotzece.—The venerable and esteemed
Mr. Meagher, of Ballyany, having fifteen acres of potato
ground sit to labourer,. intimated to them on Wednesday
that he did not intend demanding rent, but told them to die
what they could out of the land for the sustenance of them-
selves and families. Mr. Latouche, of Dublin, visited his
propertyy at
he has 606 acres of
excellentn ear Toororaanir, at;;.;:ila Tues his uityn,tw ere
ry not
to use the potatoes which he saw were rotting in the
and that be would not press them during this season
deep distress. We are always happy to notice timely believes
lence, such as has been noticed in these cases.—i'ipperair
Vindicator.
The Fermanagh Reporter informs us that the Earl Of
Enniskillen has established a deptit of India meal at Florence
court, and two men are daily employed selling it, at prime
cost, to the tenantry and dependents in the neighbourhood
of his lordship's residence, where the potato crop has been
totally destroyed. It were well if other landlords would
follow his example. A gentleman in Kerry complains that
there are in the parish of Macroom Seven landlords, having
each property of 3,0001. a year and upwards, who have not
given, though frequently applied to, a single shilling towards
maintaining their own tenantry.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT OF IRELAND.—The Ferma-
nagh paper informs us that on this day a new steamer, on
the screw principle, will commence plying on Loch Erne.
And after Monday boats will be despatched twice a week,
instead of once, as hitherto. This ts a gratifying evidesiee of
the progress of internal improvement in Ireland.
OSSEO' DEMONSTRATION AT BELFAST.—An attempted
Orange demonstration at Belfast, on Thursday last, proved
an utter fame. Neither of the gentleman who have been

named as Conservative candidates for the town weuM ennead.
The Bari of Rodin declined to accept the levitation.. Mr.
W. Blackwood, who had sent a letter of , andaing in
tile town by maddest, was pressed lute the and an-
polled to take the chair at the last moment. The of
the speeches was " desertion, desertion." The semslary
cedi ventured to read one ow two of the letters ot
Ten RIPRAL RIM AND " Tea NATios."—ReVtion
pubhahre a correspondence between the Rev. J. Kenyon, of
Templederry, and Mr. Bay, secretary to the Repeal Associa-
tion. In his fires letter, the rev. gentleman, after stating
that the oontributon to the Repeal rent transmitted by him
last February were mainly moved by their wish to get the
Nation, begged that the committee will send them money
enough to provide themselves with the paper, otherwise ne
fears he will have to ask back the entire subscrip-
tion. Mr. Ray replied that " the rules " did not autho-
rise them to remit money in lieu of papers stopped ;
that they did not accept subscriptions on terms incompatible
with their principles; and that auy person refusing hie
assent to these principles cannot be a member of the newels:
lion. Mr. Kenyon's rejoinder was a statement that he had
never seen such ' rules" as were referred to, and a request
that they should be pointed out to him. Ho added that he
feared he would have to demand back the subscriptions of at
least RALF of the parties who had contributed through him.
Mr. Ray, in answer to this hint, quoted frem
Mr. Kenyon's letter which accompanied the remit-
tance, • passage to the effect, that if the rules
of the association admitted a portion being allotted
to providing .a newspaper, the subscribers were sufficiently
poor to receive it ; if not, " you are welcome to the whole of
it with our blessing." Mr. Kenyon returned to the charge,
and reminded Mr. Ray he had not shown any "rules" to
prevent him returning the money. The passage in his letter
merely showed their doubt whether the remittance was large
enough to entitle them to • newspaper. la conclusion. he
formally, in the name of the subscribers, reeiairned the entire
remittance ; adding, if the request was not complied with,
the claim would be handed over to a solicitor. Mr. Ray
replied simply that he was "not empowered to giro any
answer further than is oontainwl in his last letter."
SCOTLAND.

MORE ABOUT EDUCtTIONAL ISOLATION.-011 the !sat
anniversary of Menet', natal day in Edinburgh, the Rev.
Dr. Lee preached the usual sermon before the governors, but
instead of eulogising in set phrase the peculiar virtues either
of the " noble institution" or its " pious founder," the Rev.
doctor roundly declared that youths should be " educated"
but not "boarded" in the Hospital—thus disjoining two
elements which go hand and hand in ouch insitutions.
Some of the worthy governors were frightened out of their
propriety at the boldness of the preacher, and probably since
the days when 13.-an Swift administer-d rebukes to the
Merchant Tailors, plain-dealing has not been the fashion at
anal vt ?miry sermons. Nothing daunted, Dr. Lee has published
his discourse, and we trust it will meet with an extensive circu-
lation, as it contains home truths that should not be lost sight
of. As a specimen of the unsocial effects of detaching boys
from tl..e parental roof it may be mentioned that at the
commencement of the holidays this year ne fewer than 93
boys, that is, more than half of the whole number, were
actually left in Heriot's Hospital; and in August (last
month) the minimum number left was 68. All of there, with
the exception of 5, who were orphans, bad either fathers or
mother*, and two-thirds of them at least had good homes.
This clearly shows that the monastic system cools the affec-
tions of parents as well as of children. Some time ago ex-
tensive evidence was collected on the subject in more than
one Edinburgh institution, and after the mismanagement
then disclosed came to the ears of the different managers it is
amazing that no remedial measures were adopted. Public
opinion is now, however, aroused, and something will
undoubtedly he done. While the magnificent structure of
Donaldson's Hospital is yet unappropriated, the question
should be duly kept open.
HIGHLAND AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OP SCOTLAND.
—INVERNESS, WEDNESDAY NIOHT.—The show yards were
this morning thrown open to the public at a low rate of
charge, and during the day the attendance was very large.
Upwards of tire thousand persons were in the yard during
the day. Amongst the noblemen and gentlemen present
were the leading members of the aristocracy of the seven
northern counties, and from a distance we observed the Duke
of Montrose, the Duke of Manchester, the Earl of Egmont,
Mr. Ellis, jun., M.P., Mr. Matheson, M.P. The Duchess
of Montrose was amongst the ladies present. The show
yards covered a space of about six acres of ground, and was
arranged in a manner which admitted of the cattle being
shown to the best advat.tage. There were about seven hun-
dred animals exhibited, the best display of which was those
of the West Highland breed. The show of fat oxen was
excellent, but there was none of those unsightly animals
shown which pampered feeding used formerly to produce.
The Marquis of Breadelbanes celebrated bull, which carried
off first prizes at the shows of the agricultural societies of
Ragland and Ireland, carried off the first prise to-day. The
show of horses was so superior that lased Egmont stated it
to he far superior to that of Newcastle-on-Tyne. There was
a gallery erected in the show yard for the accommodation of
la&es; this gallery was crowded by a fashionable assemblage;
and a platform having been erected immediately in front of
the stand, the prise cattle were walked over and much
admired —The dinner took place at six o'clock in a splendid
pavilion, erected for the occasion in the chow yard. About
a thousand eat down, the Duke of Montrose in the chair,
supported right and left by the Earl of Cawdor, Lord Lover,
the Earl of Egmont, President of the Agricultual Society of
England, Lord Berriedale and the Earl of Leicester. '1 he
vice chair was occupied by the Earl of Selkirk. Amongst
the party present we observed several of the most dis-
tinguished agriculturists of the south of Scotland soil several
members of the Royal Agricultural Societe of England.
The speeches presented no feature of general interest, the
committee having preferred to select subjects which could
not possibly lead to any discussion on which differences i
opinion would be expressed. Tho meeting broke up a
nine o'clock, after which there was a ball in the northern
rooms, and to-morrow another breakfast takes place which
closes the business of the anniversary.
EDINRCRO R Paisoxe. —The Abbey Prison has )sail no occu-
pant ter several years. The average number of prisoners in
the Canongate Prison bee been 15, and their conduct good. In
the Edinburgh Prison the average number has bean 400,
being :10 under the average of lust year. The general health
was good, and the three deaths did not depend on any cir-
cumstances connected with the prison. Avcrage amount of
clear earnings per prisoner last year was about 2/. 135., being
about 7s. under the general average in Scotland; and the
net coat per prisoner was about 101. 65., being about 5/. Ices
than the general average. This (says the I::d;nlntrgh
Weeidy Register) is owing to short commitments, the
average of which dues not exceed thirty days, evea in•
eluding the time before trial.
THE MAGI4TItATBS Or FORFAR have sent a notice to
every baking establishm nt within their jurisdiction. prohi-
biting them from using potatoes in the manufacture of their
bread during the ensuing year. Some of the bakers, in
reply to this injunction, stated that they of their own accord
hail given up the practice; and the others, with some exeef-
tion among the smaller classes of bakers, at once agreed to
do so. Tho (Dundee Courier) informs us that the autho-
rities have ?etermined from time to time to test the bread, and
if any mixture of potatoes be found in it, the guilty parties
will lie visited with the highest penalties that the law will
admit, and, at the same time, full publicity will le given to
the names of the offenders.

PROVINCIAL.
BERWICK-ON-TWEED.

THE BANK ROIII;ERY. On Tuesday, Mrs. Thomson
attended a magistrates' meeting held in the Town Hull, ar.d
the several witnesses were summoned fur examination in her
presence. The reporter of the Ittreria Adrerliaer made an
application for admittance to this examination, and was
refused. "We very much regret" (saja the editor of that
paper), "the decision of the court on our applic ition, but
as there is no appeal we could not amend it. So Ger as the
party suspected is concerned, publici•y to the evidence
could have no baneful effect, and might have been ser-
viceable. The proceedings at these prirate meetings
, are not wholly secret from the public, and the easing
out of particle' only of them, invariably the crimkut-
tory without the mitigating part, seems to us more in-
jurious to the accused and the cause of justice than if all
the evidence were fairly reported. In support of ear
argument, we have only to refer to a report sup-
plied to the London newspapers of last week, and
which must have been furnished by some one who
possesses an access to the evidence which is denied
the local prints. The evidence there detailed is
wholly directed against the accused, and the present ease
must be a very singular one if some testimony has not been
given which is calculated to qualify the evidence selected for
that report. The magistrates present at the meeting of
Tue-day were the same who attended the enquiry of the
previous week, namely, A. Cahill and C. K. Nicholson,
Esquires, and the witnesses in attendance were also the same
as are reported to have given their evidence on the former
I occasion. The examination occupied from one o'clock till
half-past four ; during that time only one of the witnesses,
Mr. Short, the senior clerk, was examined. The court met
again on Wednesday morning at ten, and continued its
sitting till half-past twelve, in the course of which the junior
clerk, K. Watson, and Margaret Hogg, the kitchen girl,
were examined. After which the sitting was adjourned till
Saturday."
•,,ILOTTTISIF

DECREASE OP ENOLISH CHOLERA.—We have to report
the decline of this serious epidemic in Lancaster and the
neighbourhood. Most of the cues that now occur are less
virulent in their symptoms, and more satisfactory in their
results.
THE COTTON MERCHANTS or LIVERPOOL are dissatis-
fied with the charges at the New Albert Dock warehouses,
which were recently opened by the Prince Consort. A
meeting of the cotton trade wai held on Saturday, which
had reference to the same subject, at which exceptions were
taken to the regulations of the dock committee. The cotton
dealers are disposed to give the system a trial, when, if the
practice is found as obnoxious as the theory, they will
urge a change. "We will not," says the Liverpool (Aro-
sick, " accuse the dock committee of seeking to destroy
the utility of the splendid warehouses that surround
the Albert Dock ; but they may rest assured that they will
be narrowly watched, and their conduct submitted to a rigid
surveillance in the matter. The charges, it is clear, are
much too high, and to take from the importers the power of
employing their own porters and servants in the docks is, on
the fact of it, arbitrary, if not unjust. We have heard of •
case in which a wine merchant had nine pipes of wine to
sample and remove, the coat of which, if his own meu had
been allowed to act, would have amounted to about 95., but
the Dock Trust put him to an expense of nearly 41., for doing
what two porters could readily have accomplished in a day!
The charges are said to be hued upon those exacted at the
London -Dods, but the fact we have named, combined
with the complaints that have arisen in other quarters,
clearly proves that the Dock Committee have made
a fa he start, and must retrace their steps. Never-
theless, when the system has been denuded of all
that is objectionable, it will act not only as a prottatioa