The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-15 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 15, 1846.

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LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPT. 15.

WHETHER the business of the British Association
for the Advancement of Science be, in all its details,
the best managed in the world, is much more than we
can say. We question whether the assailants of that
Institution are better informed than ourselves. Such
matters may be safely left to the parties more imme-
diately interested. But we cannot see the public
good of attacks continued from year to year, which
aim, not at the correction of any practical mistakes in
the management of the Association, nor at the better
adaptation of its means to the end proposed ; but at
covering the Institution itself, its supporters and pro-
ceedings, with indiscriminate ridicule. There is little
of utility or loftiness in the ablest articles, which only
result in ministering to the supercilious sneer of
self-satisfied ignorance, or to the horse laugh at a
Professor from the frequenters of a pothouse. The
power thus employed has won much nobler vic-
tories ; and it would find a far worthier direc-
tion in aiding the efforts it holds up to public
seem. Reformatory or suggestive co-operation might
strengthen the scientific and literary members of the
Society for more fully accomplishing the objects,which,
there can be no doubt, most of them sincerely and
earnestly pursue.
Science has often suffered for the want of such an
Institution. It is especially liable to do so in an age
like the present. The diffusion of knowledge, and
the practical application of science to so many pur-
poses of daily concern, have immensely widened the
field of discovery, and multiplied the number of dis-
coverers and inventors. A few minds may conduct
the march of mathematical science, or of astronomy.
In such departments, the unascertained is only to be
arrived at, by a comprehensive knowledge of what is
already ascertained. With the mixed sciences the
case is different. For one accomplished mathemati-
cian, we have thousands of chemical and mechanical
experimentalists. They have all their chance of
discovery. Spinning-jennies, power-looms, steam
itself, are memorials of what may be done
by the half-informed, or utterly unscientific. Our
manufactories are practical labareories. Cotton
and silk mills are schools of mechanical invention.
Railway travelling is yet only a great experiment,
containing within itself a vast congeries of minor
experiments, in all of which there is room for discovery,
invention, and improvement. Knowledge, in short,
has her thousand day-books ; variously kept, and of
various worth. An annual ledger, to post the valu-
able items, and sum up the account of progress, is
surely most desirable. Let the world take stock once a
year; appreciate the merits of its servants; bring
together the contributions of its benefactors; repress
activity, when superfluous ; indicate where activity is
most needed; and see where we are, and whither we
are tending. How is this to be accomplished, but by
a General Association for the Advancement of
Science ? Rebuke its errors, if you will ; stimulate
its indifference; keep it steady to its professions; but
as to regarding it only as a fit subject for ridicule,
that can scarcely be the honest thought of the most
grinning monkey in the Zoological.
Many subordinate advantages, of a very desirable
kind, attend this main purpose of such an Institution.
Personal acquaintanceship is a good thing in the
votaries of science. If only as a pleasure, it is a
healthful one. It breaks the monotony of solitary
study. A more frequent and cordial co-operation is
established ; and suggestions are thrown out by
one, which become fruitful in the mind of another.
A sudden light flashes from the collision of intellects,
upon difficulties long struggled with in solitude to no
purpose. If the pecuniary help rendered for indi-
vidual researches be small, it is often, small as it is,
the sine qua non of those researches being at all
continued; and to the aid of the British Association
(in this neither small nor inadequate) we owe the
most important of the recent observations that have
been made in magnetism and electricity. But the
actual utility of the most trifling advances, and the faci-
lity of their increase from enlarged funds, should miti-
gate what the political journalist, accustomed to record
the munificent votes of parliament, deems the exceeding
laughability of these little grants. WOLLASTON
worked in a thimble. A philosopher may be set up
by a sum which would seem comical in a counting-
house, and make wonderful merriment in the money
market. Science owes more than she will ever pay
to men who would not scorn the " odd twopence, "
though twopence may be " a phenomenon" in Print-
ing-house Square; a thing it has to tax its recollection
for, like Beau BRUMMELL when the beggar Leaked
him for a shilling.
It cannot be helped but that twaddle, quackery,
and assumption, will follow on the skirts of science.
To forego, on that account, any procedure tending to
the good and glory of science, would be egregious
folly. No earnest attempt has been made by the
assailants of the British Association, to discriminate.
The most incidental circumstance out of which a joke
could be manufactured, is treated as if essential to the
Institution. This is one of those untruthfulnesses to

itself which intellect is prone to perpetrate. It for-
gets its own dignity in ministering to the ignorant
claims of the capitalist or the customer. It sinks
from the qualified instructor into the hired jester. It
deserts the cause of mind, its own cause, to make
fun for the "faction of fools." It has its reward;
but not by services of this kind is earned that sort of
recompense which fitly waits on better achievements,
such as win the Testimonial of a perpetual scholar-
ship.

On the press, generally, we axe glad to see that a
reaction is produced, which, though it may not
silence the stupid, after the encouragement they
have received, nor teach the scorners to be
" merry and wise," will yet abate the nuisance of
ill-directed sarcasms. That such a nuisance
should have arisen, though we would rather it had
come from some other quarter, was to be expected,
according to the ordinary course of things. It seems
to be a law of human nature, that no considerable
good should ever be undertaken without the accom-
paniment, so frequent in our House of Commons, of
" much laughter, loud shouts of laughter." Amid such
peals did FULTON'S steamer start on its first voyage.
The British Association need not change its course,
nor slacken sail.

MR. SMITH O'BRIEN'S letter to Lord JOHN RUSSELL
is a curiosity in its way, but scarcely deserving of
notice on its own account. It is true that when Mr.
SMITH O'BRIEN taunts the legislature with not having
made more adequate preparations for meeting the im-
pending famine in Ireland, all who remember how
he, a member of the legislature, wasted in a childish
squabble the time which he ought to have devoted to
that subject, are reminded of the cool Irishman,
more frequently met upon the stage than in real life.
It is true that when Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN recommends
as a remedy for the urgent hunger in Ireland, that
parliament should meet in Dublin to discuss a new
code, embracing all the details and ramifications of
the law of real property, the notion of substituting
long-winded speeches t'or food, is sufficiently mon-
strous and foolish. But the sublime inanity of
Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN is now so familiar, that even
these extravagances scarcely provoke a stare, coming
from him. His letter is principally worthy of note as
adding another stone to the cairn which Irish land-
lords are so busy piling up to their own dishonour.
They are all in a story. Lord DEVON and Mr. SMITH
O'BRIEN, Lord MOUNTCASIIEL and Lord BERNARD,
all agree that there is great distress in Ireland, that
somebody must relieve it, but that the landlords must
not be called upon to contribute. At the Cork county
meeting, Lord BERNARD " contended that the land-
lords ought not to be called on to pay anything."
Lord MOUNTCASIIEL entered into elaborate calcula-
tions to show that in average years the landlords only
derived from their estates an aggregate rental of
5,000,0001., and that this year they would receive
much less because the tenants would not be able
to pay above half their rents. " Beyond question, those
who held their hinds at high rack rents would
not be able to pay above a small proportion, if any
part, of their rents." Lord MOUNTCASIIEL, with the
cool ease of Charles Surface, in the School fur
Scandal, hints that his creditors may pay for him.
"Those who had the cream of the property in Ireland
were the mortgagees and the judgment creditors."
Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN speaks more plainly. "Mortga-
gees and persons derivingjointures and annuities from
land, will escape altogether from the taxation imposed
for the relief of public distress." The high-minded
noblemen and 'gentlemen of Ireland, the landed
aristocracy, will give nothing to the poor if they can
help it. Their creditors, who cannot get money from
them ; the widows or the younger branches of their
families, who have been portioned off with small sums
secured upon their estates ; may be mulcted if Go-
vernment please. But it is their privilege to escape
scot-free. _ _

The great panacea of these patriots, who would
sacrifice themselves by proxy fur the public good,
is a Government grant. "The Government," said
Lord BERNARD at the Cork meeting, "
,ought of
justice and right, as well as humanity, to expend upon
improvements of various kinds in Ireland, within the
present year, large sums of money, not as loans but as
giants." Truly, loan and grant, where Irish landlords
are concerned, have been found by government to be
pretty nearly synonymous terms. There is a paper in
the Correspondence explanatory of the measures
adopted by government for the Relief of distress in
Ireland, which throws an instructive light on the state
of the loan account between the Imperial Government
and the Irish landlords.

In 1835 it was represented. that large sums had
been, in the course of several years preceding,
advanced from the consolidated fund for certain ser-
vices in Ireland, of the disposal of which no clear
account could be given. On inquiry it appeared that
the excess of advances over repayment was four mil-
lions, of which about one half was advanced not to be
repaid. In 1846 the sum of 2,018,9161. still remained
due, of the sum to be repaid, to the consolidated fund,
part consisting of irrecoverable bad debts, part of
balances in the way of repayment. tinder the Tithe
Composition Acts, advances were made to the
amount of 279,451/. to defray the expenses of applot-
ting parishes, and to be repaid by them. Of this
sum "51,7241. has been repaid, and the remainder,
lor 227,7261., may be considered as irrecoverable."
Again, " under the Tithe Act 1 and '2 Vie. c. 109, the
landlords' arrears, which were to be recovered in the
name of her Majesty, amounted to 120,0001. ; but
45,0001. only were recovered, at an expense in law
costs of 7,0001." All the advantages of this expendi-
ture have been engrossed by the landlords ; and the
improvements effected on their estates by its means,
have been their apology for exacting those " rack.-
rents" which, Lord NIOUNTCASHEL so pathetically
complains, stand little chance of being paid in whole
or in part this year.
One other trait to complete the picture of Irish
landlordism. Between the 11th February' and the 7th
August of the present year, grants and loans to
various Irish baronies were authorised under the act
I Vic. cap. 21, to the amount of a little more than
452,0001. The contributions in addition from landed
proprietors are: Marquis of Lansdowne, 125/. ;
Lord Darnley, 751. ; Sir M. Chapman, 20/. ; Mr.
Gielding, 401. ; Mr. Walker, ; Mr. Fitzpatrick,
1001.; Lord Stuart de Decies, 501.; Sir W. Bacon,
50/. ; Lord Fitzgerald, 1901.; Lord Lorton, 20/. ;
Sir A. Crichton, 301. ; Mr. G. Wills, 50/. ; --
Mahon, 2001. ; Sir G. Colthurst, 300/. ; Mr. Flana-
gan, 45/. ; Mr. Dobbs, 50/. ; Mr. Rae, 50/.; Sir G.
Aylmer, 1001.: Proprietors not named, 3101.; and
Lord LonToN "will contribute 500/. towards such
roads in Roscommon and Sligo as will benefit his
Property."
It is melancholy to reflect that these, with Colonel
COROLLA' and the Marquis of HEADFORT, who at
meetings reported in our publication of to-day have
had the magnanimity to declare that the Irish land-
lords must make sacrifices, appear to be the sole
exceptions to the callous selfishness of their class. All
the rest are clamorous to be exempted from contri-
buting to the relief of distress in Ireland. They say in
effect, "Take the money of our unpaid creditors; take
the money of the widow and the orphan ; but do not
touch ours. Kill the poor man's ewe lamb to make a
banquet for the poor, who are GoD's guests, but spare
our flocks and herds." Within the last twenty years
upwards of five millions have been advanced by
government for works in Ireland, all of which
has gone to enrich the landlords, and not one
penny of which has any chance to be re-
paid. And what is Government money ? It is the
annual contribution of every citizen in the nation,
it is the tax levied upon the poor washerwoman's
tea, and on the bread of the stone-breaker, who has
nothing else to eat. Out of these contributions, meant
to defraythe necessary expenses ofgovemment, upwards
of five millions have been diverted from their proper
application and paid over to the Irish landlords. Not
satisfied with this, these landlords are now making
the distress of the Irish peasantry a pretext for ask-
ing to have as much more sent the same way. And
because Ministers, sick of this heartless and
scandalous jobbing, have taken measures to make
sure that what is contributed towards the relief of
Irish distress shall attain its proper destination, in
blind anger they seek to exasperate the hungry
crowds against Government by all kinds of misrepre-
sentation and vituperative language. They seem to

forget, that but for the armed police maintained by
the Government against which they rail, their " eeic-
tione might ere this have borne them bitter fruit.

DIE intelligence received from Mexico by the last
arrival from the United States is of a remarkable
nature. The condition of affairs is complicated.
On the one hand, we have the nominal Presi-
dent, PAREDES, roused at last to action, and on his
way, it is said, though rather circuitously, to confront
the invading army of General TAYLOR at Monterey ;
and, on the other, the ex-President, SANTA ANNA,
embarked for the shores from whence he was so re-
cently expelled, and welcomed before his arrival by
pronunciametatos at Vera Cruz, and in the capital.
It is no matter for surprise that this demonstra-
tion in favour of the man whose military fame
once made him all-in-all with his countrymen,
should have taken place; the coup, in fact, was
long meditated, and rumour' had for some time pre-
pared us for the endeavour on the part of SANTA
ANNA to regain the power which he exercised so long.
But viewed in relation with the ostensible movements
Of PAREDES, it presents an aspect of some singularity,
though less singular in a country like Mexico than in
most others; for there, the Spanish tendency to declare
against their leaders is of more frequent development
than elsewhere. A military president at the head of
an army of fifteen thousand men, might, under ordi-
nary circumstances, be considered a formidable rival
even to an experienced chief like SANTA ANNA ; bat
when we remember how rapid is the spread of the con-
tagion of disautection among troops constituted as the
Mexicans are, the solution of the problem is at hand.
It is only too probable that the spirit of fraternisation
will swiftly extend from the garrison at Vera Cruz to
the army at Monterey, and the pronunciameuto
which deprives PAREDES of power is complete.
In the meantime, nothing certain is known of the
actual " whereabout " of either ex-President. There
has been no positive announcement of PAREDES
having actually left the capital, nor any intelligence
of the arrival of SANTA ANNA on the coast. Enough,
however, has taken place at Mexico to settle the
question of the occupancy of power. PAREDES has
fallen, or will speedily do so; and SANTA ANNA, if
unimpeded in his progress by the American blockad-
ing squadron, reigns in his stead.
It is a nice point to consider what will be the
course adopted by SANTA ANNA, when he once more
fills the office of President of the Mexican Republic.
Up to the period of the last nOvices, the pacific offer,
of Mr. POLK were not known in Mexico. Will
SANTA ANNA, flushed with success, and hailed Util a
military deliverer, rely upon his old repatati ;n, and
make an effort to recover that of the Mexican army;
or will he rather lend an cur to the propositions from
Washington, strive to consolidate his power, and
construct a strong government ? If the surmises
which have gone abroad in the United States have any
foundation in truth, he will not take the field against
the invaders ; but whatever his wishes on the subject, it
is still possible he may, in the first instance, find him-
self in such a position as to have no choice left.
Another battle may yet be fought, though the chances
are, we think, against it; notwithstanding the active
preparations of General TAYLOR, and the "fire-new
courage" of the Mexicans, under an old and again
popular leader.
The advantage that will finally ensue to Mexico
from the recent change is still problematical, whether
the immediate result be peace or war. But it is high
time that the government of the country should
assume a permanent character; that it should no
longer be the prey of the sharpest sword, abroad or
at home, but have its independence assured.

We have received from a well-informed Madrid
correspondent the following account of the intrigues
by which the marriages of the Queen of Spain uith
the Duke of Cadiz, and the Infanta Luisa with the
Duke de Montpensier, were brought about "After
the Queen Mother had been disappointed in her pro-
ject of marrying her eldest dau,-hter the Queen to her
'brother the Count de Trapani, she turned her thoughts
towards the house of Saxe-Coburg. Wilk in I'aris
she had seen and been pleased with Prince Leopold
Kohary. On the fall of Narvaez, the Court up to
that time under the influence and acting by the coun-
I gels of M. do Bresson, sought the support and assist-
ance of the English Cabinet. She addressed herself
to Lord Aberdeen, and requested him to assist her in
1 obtaining l'rinco Leopold as the husband of the
Queen, and on this condition the Court would enter
completely into the English alliance. But Lord
Aberdeen conceived himself bound to France, first by
his admission of Trapani as a candidate, and then be-
cause of his having yielded his assent to the pretensions
of Louis Philippe for preserving the family of Bour-
bon on the throne of Spain. Disappointed in their
hopes with regard to the Tory cabinet, Maria Chris-
tina and her husband, the Duke de Rianzares, who
conducted the whole affair, turned again towards
France. Convinced of their unpopularity in Spain,
they felt that they could not do without the support
of a foreign governin nt, and they endeavoured to
make sure of that which should offer the surest
guarantees for their protection. France soothed the 11
disquiet of Christina, and the French embassy be-
came the rendezvous of the friends of Narvaez, who '
are here the avowed partisans of France. They first
of all sought to obtain the Queen's hand for the Count
de Montemolin, but seeing that public opinion was
against this match,thcy next thought of Don Enrique,
in the hope of inducing him to accept the part of pro-
tege of France, but the Prince proved intract-
able. Narvaez then suggested the idea of choos-
ing his elder brother as the only Bourbon
lett, and whom he undertook to secure. Maria
Christina, however, held fast by the Coburg match,
and resolved to makei another attempt. The ministry
of Lord John Russell, since their accession to power,
had shown a marked sympathy in favour of Don En-
rique, but in order not to frighten the Court of Spain
by the idea of forcing him upon them, Lord Palmer-
ston confined himself in the first instance to recom-
mending the Court to adopt a more tolerant policy, to
grant an amnesty, to calm the prevailing irritation
and rely freely on the opinion of the country, hoping
by this means to prepare the way for an arrangement
that should content the Spanish nation. But Mr.
Bulwer soon discovered that it was impossible to
obtain anything from the Court without giving it
what it asked for in exchange, that is to say, promis-
ing the hand of the Prince of Coburg, so strongly
desired by the queen-mother, and he explained the
state of things frankly to his government. The answer
of the British Cabinet was waited for before they would
come to a decision or yield to the pressing solicitations
of M. de Bresson. If its assent was given to the
Coburg match, liberality would have been the order
of the day in Madrid. The ministry would have been
changed, an amnesty would have been granted, and
a constitutional course of government followed out.
If on the contrary the cabinet refused, the court
would throw themselves into the arms of France,
would accept her candidate, and invoke the
support of Narvaez. The period named by Mr.
Bulwer as necessary for ascertaining the deci-
sion of his government expired on the evening
of the 27th ultimo. In the anxiety of the critical
moment, while yet in suspense, M. de Bresson gave
an evening banquet to the friends of General Narvaez
and the editors of the Heraldo, and there amidst
thoughtful lucubration and the fumes of champagne,
they discussed and wagered upon the result of the
grand affair which was to resolve their doubts
on the following day. The day came, and with
it the declaration of Mr. halwer to Senor
Isturiz, that the English cabinet declined the engage-
ment of putting forward the Prince of Coburg as a
candidate for the hand of the Queen, and that the
Court of S*n was perfectly free to act as it thought
proper. These words had scarcely been uttered, and
the Queen Mother informed of their purport, than she
went to her daughter, and by making it appear to
her that the refusal as to the Prince of Coburg was an
insult, she decided her to accept the hand of her 1
cousin, the Infant Don Francisco de Assise. By
adopting this course she conformed to the views of
the French cabinet, accomplished the desires of M. do
Bremen, and secured a triumph for the partisans of
the reactionary anti-liberal system which governs us ;
for the Infant Don Francisco, who, personally, is
acceptable to the Constitutionalists, when taken as the
expression and the instrument of French influence,
becomes most objectionable to the friends of

Spanish liberty and independence. At the same
time that the marriage of the Queen with her
cousin was decided on, that of the Infanta and the
Duc do Montpensier was settled, which is nothing
more nor less than the renewal of the Family
Compact, and will give Spain over to the reactionary
coterie who aim at converting the constitution into a
hypocritical instrument of t xclusive domination. The
country would witness without displeasure the annul-
ment of the choice of Don Francisco as the Queen's
husband. It would have pielerred his brother, Don
Enrique, but with regard to the Duke of Montpensier
who as a principal might have been well received, he
will be repelled as a secondary candidate, for in that
match will be seen the guarantee of the offers made
to the Queen Mother and her husband, to sustain the
reactionary system which weighs upon this country."

We have received, by our usual express, our
private correspondence and the Paris journals of
Sunday.
The Minister of Public Instruction has left Paris
for a tour of inspection in the departments.
The hake and Duchess of Saxe Cobourg lift Paris
for Brussels by an express train on Friday morning
at half-past nix, with the;r children and suite. They
reached the frontier of Belgium at twenty-five minutes
past two o'clock.
The Academic des Beaux-Arts awarded, on Satur-
day, the prizes of architecture. The subject proposed
for competition was the construction of a Museum of
Natural History. The successful candidates were—
first, M. Normand, 24 years; second, M. Monge, 23
years ; and, third, M. Ponthien, 29 years of age.
A letter from Brest, dated the 9th inst., informs
us that rElltric will convey to the Isle of Bourbon a
body of marines and a million of francs in specie,'
which will make the third million sent to Bourbon in
five months.

In the anticipation of an insufficient harvest in
France, and with the desire of providing for the
humbler classes the resources necessary- for passing
the winter, the Ministers of the Interior, of
Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works have in-
structed the prefets of the departments in which the
crops are deficient this year to establish charitable
workshops (ateliers de elarriLl) to which workmen are
to be admitted who are thrown out of employ by
unavoidable causes.

In the departments of the Sarthe, the Indre,
the Vienne, the Allier, &c., they are to proceed
before bad weatier sets in to the adjudication
of the works on lines of railway, the making, repair-
ing, and iinprovin4 all high ways and eistnet roads,
so that the operations undertaken during the winter
may supply the necessiti. a of the workpeople, and
mitigate, in some measure, the results of deficient
harvest.

Between Tours and Bordeaux the authorities are
to proceed without delay to organise the works
for the second section of the riii!road. The construc-
tion of the great viaduct over the marsh of Arveyre
is to ha proceeded with as actively as possible, and
200 workmen are already- employed there.
On every point where the Government has con-
trol, it will take the most effectual measures
to alleviate, as far as it can, the miseries of the work-
ing classes; and, to this end, on the application of the
local authorities, the ministers in their separate de-
partments will open the necessary credits, so that no
enterprise of public utility may fail for want of
means.

'Ehe appearance of the vines in Champagne is most
promising, and the vintage expected to be very pro-
ductive. The wine, it is will there, as in the
liuniuutly and Bordeaux districts, be of the finest
quality.
A lethr, titled Tangiers, 24th August, gives
a different version of the new s in the Moniker
Algerien, as to the progress of Abd-el-Kadcr in the
empire of Morocco. According to this correspondent,
"the Emir does not appear to be at work tbr him-
self, though perhaps he will unmask his designs very
soon ; but the fears which he inspires are still more
serious and inconvenient, than ure given by the
official organ of Algeria." 1% e are on the eve of
great events.
In La Garda of Madrid of the Bth inst., is the
following official and important declaration :
" We are authorised to announce that the marriage be-
tween H.R.11. the Infanta Dona Alaria Luisa Fernando de
Bourbon and H.R.H. the Prince AntoinesMarie Philippe
Louis D'Orleans Due do l'elontplusier, has been
stipulated, agreed to, and decided on, by his Ex-
c-llency Senor Don Francisco Javier Isturita, First
Secretary of State and President of the Council, invested
with full powers by her Majesty the Queen our Lady, and his
Excellency the Comte de 11, a sson, Ambarsador of France, also
authorised with full powers from the K itg his august sovereign,
who have drawn up, confirmed, and duly signed and sealed
the raid act. The Cortes will tie duly informed of this
alliance (De este statrimonio se Bard oportunumente cuenta
d /as Corlit)."
El Ileraido asserts, from the authority of letters
from Italy, that Don Miguel was actively engaged is
attempting to get up a revolutionary expedition to
Pot tugal.

PARIS, SEPT. 11.
I think you are aware that the attempt made by
the heiu:s rd the Protectionist party in Franca to influence
the ministry was a failure. M. Duch:fle•l declared that he
could not withdraw from the Free-trade association formed
in l'arits, the authority to ms mble and address the public;
but he stated at the same time to the delegates that he was
quite willing to authorise them to organise themselves in
the same manner. They will, however, think twice of it
before they provoke a public discussion on their interests and
doctrines. It appears, moreover, that the parti-
sans of the protective system, the iron-masters
themselves, have ceased to maintain a good un-
derstanding amongst each other. The iron-masters
in the north of France, who can only increase their
manufacture by employing foreign foundries, and, above all,
Belgian ones, demand the reduction of the duties which are
laid upon cast-iron ; while, on the other hand, theiron-masters
of the middle and south of France are oppcsed to these tariffs
being lowered. The ministry divided between the two op-
posing demands, takes no step in the mitter, waiting, doubt-
less, till public opinion shall become sufficiently strong to de-
cide the question. This opinion already declares itself.
Associations are being funned in most of the large towns in
favour of free trade, to correspond with the central association
of Paris. Marseilles has been the first to follow the example;
then came Lyons ; and now it is announced that Havre
is engaged in organising a si•ailar association. Before
long free-trade, instead of being a mere abstract
principle in this country will have assumed a substantial
torm, and pos ess a voice. The Central Association will have
another meeting at the end of September, and in the course
of the winter the meetings will take place once a week. It
is proposed, besides, to establish a weekly paper to report the
proceedings, and extend the principles of free-trade. It is,
in fact, the organisation of the English League which is to
be re-produced. In the mean tune, the facts which are
being revealed are most significant. They prove that France
can no longer remain in the trammels of the prohibitive sys-
tem. The iron-masters who have the privileged control over
the French market, and arc protected by a duty of 81.
sterling per ton of iron, are perfectly unable to
furnish enough for the co Isumption. Very recently,
the Paris and Strasburg Railway Company, being
in want of 25 thousand tons of rails, the French iron-
masters would undertake to supply them only on the condi-
tion of employing Belgian foundries i❑ their manufacture.
At the present moment the atmospheric line from Paris to
St. Germains is not open to the public, because the French
forges which should furnish the tubes, have not yet delivered
them. The company, basing their demand upon the im-
possibility of the French foundries to complete their contract,
requested from Government permission to order the tubes
from England, and import them duty free. The govern-
ment, who are the slaves of the iron-masters, would
not consent ; and from this scandalous connivance
between the administration and monopolists it re-
sults that the public will not obtain their rail-
way till full six months after the period originally named
for its being opened. A case of a similar kind occurred with
the company formed :n Paris, for establishing a line of
transatlantic steamers between Havre, the United States,
the West Indies, and Brazil. The French forges were
unable to supply some necessary iron plates, and an appeal
was made to the government to obtain them duty tree, but
again the iron-masters interposed, and the request was re-
fused. It is calculated that within the last thirty years
France has paid to the iron-musters alone a premium ex-
ceeding forty millions sterling. There was a time when iron
was worth 3.13 francs a ton in France, the price in England
being 120 francs. Now that rails arc sold in England for 240
francs a ton, they cost in France from 360 to 570. Does not
this sufficiently account for the inferiority of French indus-
try, and is it not time to destroy a monopoly so greedy and
so unproductive. 0.

FRANCE.—BouLOGNEt SEPT. 11.—Having observed
in some of the English papers, some very incorrect accounts
relating to the death of our respected townsman, Mr. Barry,
of the Marine Hotel, who had been for many years the corre-
spondent of several of the London papers, the following
particulars may be interesting to his friends in England:
" On Friday last he left his home, on horseback, for the pur-
pose of proceeding along the route to Paris, to meet the
courier he was then momentarily expecting to arrive front
Paris with despatches for the linglish newspapers, his
object being to expedite the forwarding of the despatches by
the packet then on the eve of departure for England. He
had scarcely got 400 yards from the Marine Hotel, when he
met the courier in the Rue de l'Ecu, and returned with him
to the quay. Upon arriving opposite to the Passport-office, Mr.
Barry was observed to suddenly check his horse, when he
fell with considerable violence on the pavement. Medical
aid was immediately at hand, but he never breathed or gave
the least signs of life after his fall. There was, no doubt,

cording to the opinions of the French and English doctor,
that the unfortunate dee: ased died of apoplexy. His re-
maims, which were interred on Tuesday last, were followed
to the cemetery by a very numerous circle of his Fri nch and
English friends and relatives, and also by a daachmeut of
the cavalry cf the Natimal Guard, to which he belonged:
having been naturalised as a French citizen many pears
since. He was certainly, and most deservedly, highly
respected amongst his brother townsmen."
GERMANY.—SCLIWERIM, SEPT. 9.—The statement
of the French papers, that the Duchess Louisa will marry
the Duke of Bordeaux, finds no credit here on many
acconiits. - .

----
REMEDY FOR ILYDROPITOBIA.—The following cure
fur hydrophokia has been brought to France from Germany
by the Duke of Dondeauville. 'rho wonderful effects of the
remedy were attested by persons of credit :—" Samples of
the four following herbs must be culled at the end of May,
the beginning of June, or in September : Euphortila Mama.
2nd, I 'cratrunt album. 3rd, l'olyymaium hydropiper. 4th,
IfeUeborua rulgaria. These plants grow in swampy fields.
It is necessary to bike a p.nch of each, put them into a tea-
pot, and pour bo:ling water upon them. A table-glass full
Is to be given to the person or dog bitten by the mad
animal. The wound is to be washed with vinegar and water,
and the mixture to be taken forty-eight hours afterwards
(twenty-four for a dog) and not previously. This potion
has also the virtue of indicating if the bite was inflicted by
a doe in a state of hydrophobia or not. In the first ease, the
potion, which must always be taken fasting, will cause
vomiting, and the p. Lion must be continued until the vomit-
ing, have catirely disappeared, which usually occurs after
the third or fourth dose, taking one dose per diem. If the
dog was not mad, the vomiting will not take place. Two
does are sufficient to prove it. A dog cured by these means
may be kept without fear.
NUREMBERG, AUG. 31.—The following notice of
the magistrates has been published to-day :—" The manu-
facturers of boxes (probably snuff-boxes), lithographers,
copper-plate printers, printers, painters on porcelain, tur-
ners, .tc., are regain warned that it is prohibited on the most
serious punishments to manufacture or tell articles which '
have any reference to the affairs of religious sects, such as
portraits of the several Feet.iyiens, and with mottoes. In cases
of disregard of this injunction, not only the manufacturers
and sellers, but the copper-plate printers and lithographers
concerned, will be proceeded against. At the tame time,
the manufacture and sale of articles contrary to good morals
is warned against, and will be punished iu cases of trans-
gression."

VIENNA, SEPT. 6.—Yesterday afternoon, the sth,
his Imperial Highness the Archduke Michael arrived at
Vienna from Ischl. The transit hither from Linz was ac-
complished in the incredibly short time of 71 hours. The
Archduke will await the return of hi: illustrious consort,
and immediately after fix the time for his homeward journey.
His Royal Highness the l'rince of Warsaw Teturncil hero
from Ischl a few days since, and will commence his intended
journey to Oldenburg in the course of a few days.
BERLIN, Su'r. 6.—The departure of the Prince of
Prussia for Vienna will take 'lace on the 11th of this month,
and that of the King, for Silc xis, on the Dili. We bare no
information whatever respecting the arrival of the Crown
Prince of Wurtuxburg, and his consort, the Grand
Duchess Olga.
SEPTEMBER 7.—A clergyman in this neighbour-
hood late.y took upon himself to declare from the pulpit on
all those who insured thzir furniture against fire, because
they showed by
.doing so a want of confidence in God! This
clergyman has Insured his own very excellent furniture for
4,000 rix-dollars. Ile has received a very severe reprimand
for his zeal.

LEIPSIP, SEPT. B.—Yesterday and to-day two more
bodies were found in the ruin, of the lire of the 26th of
August, and it is very much feared, on further clearing
away, still more victims of this dreadful disaster will be
found. Yesterday we had again an alarm of are in two
places, Bruhl and Quandtt, but speedy help prevented any
serious consequences. It unfortunately appears, in clearing
away the rubbish in the Ham streets, what very great in-
jury was done, not wily by the tire, but by the means that
were employed to eviuguish it, such as brcakirg through
the walls, &c. The damage is estimated (on a very rough
calculation, it is true,) at 1,00,000 rix-dollars.
ALTONA, SEPT. B.—The Mercury has the follow-
ing among its official notices: " His Majesty the King has
been pleased, by a ministerial rescript of this date, to dis-
charge the Councillor of Conferences and Chamberlain
Count of Reventlow, at his humble request, from his office
as President of the Schleswig-Holstein Laucuburg Chancery,
and to appoint in his room Count of Moltke to the post of
President in that Chancery.
EGYPT.—TOLERANCE OF lIIRARI3I PACUA.—The
popularity of Ibrahim Pacha is, as we learn from Grand
Cairo, on the increase. He has given proof of his great
tolerance on two occasions lately. The great rabbi of the
Jews had died, and it was indispensable to do that honour
in death, to the chief of a religion, which was his due. The
fear lest some fanatics might disturb the ceremonies had
caused au application for protection to bo made by the
Israelites to the governor of Cairo. He gave in return an
evasive answer, and it was determined that an address
should be sent to Ibrahim Paella in person. This address
Ibrahim Pacha received in his divan, and after hearing it
read, he turned towards the assistants and said :—" Since
my journey through Europe I am discontented with myself.
We carnet conceal from ourselves the fact that much re-
mains on our part to be done, not only to put ourselve, on
the level with Europe, but also to comnieuce in the way of
progress. I have seen what protection is generally given
to religion of every de,cription, and the respect in which all
are held, and I do not intend that in Egypt it should be
otherwise. We owe the same protection to all, and I should
he most unhappy were it otherwise. Instead of giving you
a few soldiers to escort the conveyance, we shall put 3,000 at
your disposal, and my own carriages will be given to you to
put the bier in." The Pacha concluded by saying: " Fear
not to be disturbed in the exercise of your religious duties
to the head of your church. Go, and remember that Egypt
shall henceforth be a country where all religions may be
followed with entire liberty." This action, which reelects
so much honour on the Prince, was followed by another.
Ibrahim called together all hie MaineluLea, and gave theta
their liberty, leaving them, at the same time, the full choice
of having her service if they so wished it. They all assured
him that nothing would induce them to leave the service of
so good a master.
ANIERICA.—ARREST OF A DEFAULTER FROM LON-
DON.—In July last an advertisement appeared in the Daily
News, offering a reward of £2O for the apprehension of one
Richardson, president of the North London Branch of the
Widows' and Orphans' Fund, who absconded with upwards
of 5001., with which he had been entrusted, to pay over to
trustees for investment. It having been ascertained that he
went to America, a letter was sent to a former member of
the institution he had robbed, who resided in New York,
and he caused hand-bilis to be printed, describing
Richardson's person, and offering a reward for his
apprehension. By this means he was arrested just
as he was leasing New York for Philadelphia. The
prisoner was brought before Mr. Justice Drinkwater,
who committed him for trial under the Ashburton treaty.
The case having been removed into a superior court by a
writ of habeas, sacs the Fein York Herald, it was argued
by counsel before judge Jones, who decided that Richard-
son could nut be detained, and he was therefore discharged.
Four 61. Bank of England notes were found in his watch-
pocket, besides other moneys, and also a new silver watch and
gold guard. In his trunks wereseveral rings, brooches, breast-
pins, and a silver guard-chain; besides a post-office order for
41. 10s. 4d., dated St. Alban's, June 8, which he offered to
give up, but his counsel prevented him. According to the
bills found on him, the principal part of the jewellery was
purchased in London a few days previous to his departure.
fo some defect in the Ashburton treaty, or to a misconstruc-
tion of it by the American bench, must the escape of this
fellow be attributed.