The Express.
London, England, 1865-10-03 00:00:00

24, William-street, August 0.
Dear Mr. Luby,—The difference which exists between
the aristocracy and the landlords (a subject which you will
remember we were discussing the other day) is wither
more nor less then that which ezista between the prints,i
and the racers of the British army. Yea are doubtless
aware that when the existing war commenced in New Zea-
land the natives were foolish enough to confine their hosti-
lity e the privates, because the latter, they perceived, were
sotiyely engaged en fir n them. The private soldiers
lulled their brethren. Why should not they kill the pri-
vate soldiers? This was the view of the New Zealanders
at the commencement of the war. They could not under- I
stand why they should shoot the officers who never struck
• blo who certainly never discharged • musket. But
war .s a nwilt sod stern instructor. They hays since
learned that it is sheer folly to waste their powder on the
common men ; that it is far better to kill those who utter
the word of command but never strike a blow, rather than
those who meant mid fire, but never Woe an order. They
have learned that when the colonel• and captains are
swept away the privates will fly like a flock of sheep. Ex-
p~eenrteeone beedenioestrated this fact. Now the Duke of
• with 72.000 sores, the Earl of Ormoode with
100,000, and the Marquis of Sligo with 50,000 acne, may
be regarded as the Atoms of that nett army of external•
rating landlords who banish the Irish people from their
native country. They may not exterminate themselves,
but they are not leas the furls et Grim of extenniee.
tion. The French, knowing the, exterminated their
aristocracy, and every basest revolution must imitate
that of France. We must do the game. But you
asked me, bow are we to get at these nice? My reply
is, how did the French get at them? They first wrote
them down by the pens of their Voiceless, and then
dew them by the hand of their sans culottes. We can
do as much. Itevolutise--as it to understood on the
Oor.tinent--as it is understood in every wonky where
nun are sane—has no other object but the subversion
of ariatecracy. It can have no other object; because
they used they alone, are the source of all the calamities
of which the producing cleans complain—national
subjugation amongst the rest. To preserve them Ireland
:must te emplaced, chained, scourged, and trampled no. To
preserve them, estates must be coseolidated to the utter
destrucei‘m of the working-classes. Now the nature of pro-
party determines the nature of Le, because the primary
object of law is the preservation of property. Where that
property is aristocratic (exists in large masses) all the laws
are likewise &niter:ratio—miaow and destructive to the
working-chumps. This* and mast be, the ease in virtue
of the very nature of things. It is nonsense to assert that
many of the titled class may be excellent men, and should
be received by the people as useful recruits of the popular
cause. lily reply is " Tonto danaos er dons ferenies."
I inset fear The O'Donagbus, believing him to be
a tool of aristocracy. Eastern travellers tell us
that Thugs are individually considered Greenest fathers,
kind husbaods. end benevolent neighbours, but thee art
not the less Thugs. That is, they are members of an
institute which is incompatible with the wellbeing of their
fellow.men. Io the same way hereditary aristocracy. tweed
os the law of primogeniture, is an institution which ne-
cessitates the extermination of the rural population, and is
incompatible with republican principles. It must be got
rid of. lam free, of course, to admit that Tbuggisin has
never produced the death by starvation of two million' of I
peorde, sod Y, therefore compared to the Irish aristocracy,
a harmless institution ; but this only adds strength to my
argument. The Thugs have been destroyed by the British
government. The Irish aristocracy must be hounded down
by the liberal press, and slain afterwards by the hands of
an *reused and infuriated people. This is the only way to
liberate Ireland ; everything else is oonmensek All the libe-
rals of the Continent, even of England, will sympathise with
the Irish when they show they have common sense.
We should not allow ourselves to be fooled by the
aristocracy. They have fouaded &court in Ileeriettestreet
in order to create a new and more extensive class of lead-
lords, whose origin is popular, end whose practice b tyres-
aical, but who always serve as &diversion like the red cloak
of the malodor. In their blind fiery the idiot people and
their [eolith leaden rage against these very Isodlords, to
the great satiyfeetion of the titled aristocracy who are
remparted is by then new tribes of plebeian isodoween.
Like the British officers at the commeucement of the New
Zealand war the aristocracy neaps, while, like the comusoa
soldiers in the OM* war, the united landlord, are the ex.
&naive objects of our blind and profitless hostility.—Yours
truly. O. N. O'Kr.eyric
P.i4.—We are 'Delayed and subjected to England by
iestitation which all liberal Europe, the world outside
Indeed, is hostile to. The aristocracy are our jailers.
In Mr. O'Leary's possession there was found a
letter dated from Paris, in October, 1863. It is
signed " J. O'Doherty, Major," and was addressed
to "C. J. Kickham, Mullinahone :"
Sir,—As • Tipperary man, I beg leave to congratulate
you on your able and beautiful speech at Sli ea,
bat I most humbly beg leave to say I don't thick that
either speeches or letters will stop the persecutions and
extermination of our brave people ; desperate diseases
require desperate remedies. Now. sir, the remedy I
would recommend is the burning of all the craps growing,
and L
ands Loughisir of all the cattle that may be oa
the l from which the people have been so tyranni-
early and illegally ejeoted. Thee the tyrants would soon !
see that the hard-working people would be preferable to
waste lands. Such was the practice in England a few years
since on very sight oreteoesta If the people got the hint
it would fly like wildfire through the entire country. No-
thing is so easy as to set fire to • field or haggard by tying
• bit of cotton rug round • stone and flinging it into the
ecru, first firing it with a match, or of a dark winter night
be oghieg cattle without the fear of a bloody informer, or
the chases of being seen by a single person. I hope to
bear from you on the subject. I beg to remain, sir, your
very obedient servant, J. CVDOILERTT, MOM.

The DOA* Exp"eu of yesterday :—" Our pro- •
COREspe °diets and the local journals continue to
furnish evidenos of the spread of Fesisoism in the country.
Berne further arrests have bees merle is various localities.
Li the county of Tipperary, which was recently supposed to
be so quiet as to justify the withdrawal of the proclamations
against it. • moat 'swim and refractory spirit has shown
itself. This was manifested is a dangerous form at Corbel
ream, where the constabulary were fiercely assailed with
atones, and Fenian meg were heard co all sides. To the
same Mall may
t• of she c
Fab
referred the waylaying sod murder of
Yr. Philips, • magistraounty, aThar•day last."
thei. Liverpool eorriepoodent writes that it has transpired
that, at various integrals, until the retreat arrests, warlike
Mores and arnmsaision wire Wes despatched from Lives
semi stored in the neighbourhood of Athlone asd Drog-
heda. It also appears that when the arrests was made
doleaatai were at ewe dispatched to interim from Belfast,
Carrickfergus, Dundalk. Drogheda. Dahlia, Cork, and
Liverpool, to apprise the Americas "centres" of the pre-
mature explosion of the plow of the Brotherhood in this

(rsol A COARINITONDIXT.)
CASTLE HOWARD.
Annibal Caracci's picture of the "Three Marys
and the Dead Christ "is the best known work of art
in the extensive galleries of Castle Howard. It has
been copied and re-copied by so many daubers, has
been engraved and published in such various forms,
is so frequently quoted and so constantly referred
to, that it is familiar to thousands who have never
seen, and are never likely to see, the original. One
effect of this wide fame and celebrity is, that to the
popular mind it represents the collection of the
Howard family, and it may be that the numerous
fine paintings to be seen with it are slightly over-
shadowed by its vicinity. Yet such are the extent
and variety of the pictures at Castle Howard, that
even if this gem were removed they would still com-
mand the attention of artist and connoisseur, as
containing some of the finest specimens extant of
the several great masters whose works they include.
'These are, however, interspersed among a vast mass
of paintings unworthy of such companionship, and
a walk through the galleries shows the visitor the
extremes of good, bad, and indifferent art. The
wording of a local guide-book, which places such
names in juxtaposition as Correggio, Domenichino,
and, without a pause, Ellerby—the immortal and
the obscure—illustrates not inaptly the disposition ,
of some of the rooms.
Others, however, are arranged on truer princi-
ples. and foremost among these is the one appro-
priated to the works of Canaletti. Whoever does
not know the large picture of Venice which covers
the end wall of this chamber is unacquainted with
one of the finest paintings ever produced by that
master. Possessing all the wonderful minuteness
of detail and accuracy of observation which gin
such life like reality to his works, it has also a
breadth and character of its own, and brings the
Venice of to-day—so slightly have the leading
features of that wondrous city, the grand canal,
the Doge's palace, the piazza, and Church of St.
Mark been affected by time—before the spectator
with wonderful vitality and force.
The Sir Joshuas shown here vary in quality,
from the very best to the very worst. In the
portrait of Onii, a Chinese youth brought over to
this country dating the last century, in the girl
sittingon theground, and in the portrait of the lady
member of the Howard family hung opposite it,
are seen the finest specimens of Reynolds's purest
and most cultivated style. In marked contrast to
these are others shown as his which have been so
injured by the cleaner or " restorer " as to be compa-
ratively valueless. The faces in one picture—that
showing a middle-aged and a youthful male Howard
in attitudes of discomfort—are positively the only
portions of it painted by Sir Joshua, and as even
these were not only left unfinished by him but have
been injured since his day, their general effect is not
striking. Among the portraits, too, is a wretched
one of the late earl's father, by Sir Thomas Law.
reuce—stiff, chalky, and commonplace. The
" Adoration of the Magi," by Mabeuse, is in its I
way as wonderful a picture as the more celebrated
" Three Marys." Some of the Cuype are match-
less ; while in the " Girl and Pigs," of Gains-
borough—which I conjecture to be the picture be
painted for Reynolds for one hundred guineas—in
the portrait of Snyders, by Vandyck, and in the
Zoffanis, representing Garrick and Foote in the
A ,chemist, and other dramatic celebrities of his day,
may be seen some of the finest specimens of their
several schools. But the galleries—es has been
already hinted—need re-arrangement. A fine
Snyders, showing two powerful dogs fighting over
bones, is attributed to Velasquez, whose style
it does not resemble in any single particular ; a
Head of Johu the Baptist is called a Rubella, I,
which was certainly not painted by him '•
the " Man with a Hawk," a well-known I,
Titian, is shown as a Rembrandt ; and many
other particulars might be cited, showing how vastly
this really magnificent collection might be improved
by judicious weeding and careful classification.
Among the modern paintings is one by the veteran,
Abraham Cooper, R.A., of Don Quixote and Sancho
Panes., which goes far to prove his right to the now
almost forgotten title of the "Wouvermans of the
English school," while the " Importunate Author"
of Mr. G. S. Newton contrasts not unfavourably
with some of the ancient masters near which it is
placed.
But it must not be supposed that the attractions
of Castle Howard are limited to its picture gallery,
splendid as it is. It is situate in a spacious park,
well wooded, and is surrounded by beautiful gar-
dens and pleasure grounds. The house itself was
built by Sir John N anbrugh, and goes far to prove
that the epitaph
Lie heavy es him, earth ! for he
Laid many a heavy load on thee,
was more epigrammatic than just The long groves
of trees leading through the park were planted by
an Earl of Carlisle, who asks posterity in wretched
doggrel to remember to whose care and forethought
they now enjoy the beauties of the place. A lofty
obelisk is stationed where four of the park roads
meet, and at the point where carriages and horses
turn down to the house, and on this is inscribed
the name and titles of the planting and building
earl, and the verse in which his address to heirs and
visitors is embodied. From the intensely self-
satisfied expression of his portrait, by Aykinan, seen
in the long gallery, and its laboured inscription,
wherein it is ostentatiously stated that be retired
from the court, not because of lack of honourable
employment, but for the reason that be virtuously
preferred the calmer pleasures of the i country, it,
may be inferred that this earl was not unconscious',
of his own merits or of the debt of gratitude he was
laying on the ititure.
It is curious to note the tastes of the visitors to
whom, by the courtesy of the family, Castle
Howard and its park are ever open. There is ge-
nerally an anxious rush to the Three Marys directly
its name is heard. This seen, and its alleged value
(15,0001.) repeated with au unctuous smack, as if
the very mention of such a sum for a mere "pictur" I
conferred some of the joys of possession, the wheel- i
barrows and trowels, by aid of which first stones
have been laid, and which are stored by with scru-
pulous care, are not unfrequently the works of art
which receive the most reverent attention. The
books used by the family, the Wsverley novels in
different bindings, as if purchased on publication ;
the railway novel, left by accident in one of the
dwelling-rooms ; the chamber bearing most evidence
of occupation, and the chest containing
the monster address of the reformers of
Ireland to the late earl when Lord Morpetb,
certainly ontrivalled in attractiveness, on a recent
afternoon, paintings by Reynolds and Vandyck, or
the splendid tapestry by Ricci. The brawny ex-
cursionists we saw openly testing the quality of the
furniture and carpets, and audibly appraising chairs
and tables, were not unfair specimens of one type
of visitor ; while in the careful, painstaking appre-
ciation shown by others might be traced the hu-
manising effect of the art treasures seen. Technical
knowledge is fortunately not essential to the en-1
joyment of a fine landscape or a speaking portrait,,
and the visitors to such places as Castle Howard I
almost necessarily come away advanced in refine-
ment, and with an increased sense of and taste for
the beautiful in life.
Of the facilities courteously given to the public,
it is difficult to speak too highly. Neither previous
application by letter, nor ticket to view, &c., is re-
quired. The visitor has simply to drive or walk
pAwiT ornes mussum through the noble park, unquestioned by jacks in
office and unsolicited by harpies, and to present
—lferab.r of Amhara foe the we
a:dl:g ''S:Xero'lrTur ;0,
tan. Total somber thee the ssise .1 the Nowa= free himself at the front door of the castle.
aisle (Nay 14, 1858), 963,162. op Almost before he has time to mark the

The Northamptonshire and Weilinoberongh
Agricultural Sedates held their annul ploughing, drain-
ing, sad hedging meeting on:jointly on Tuesday last, at
Wellingborough. The competition took place ea the farms
of Mr. J. B. Howes and Mr. Ridley Thompson, near Irth-
liftborough Grease, and Mr. M. Sharman sad Mr. W.
Hoboes, near Ham Joint, Wellingborough. Upwards of 50
teams entered for competition. The work of the thriota
competitors was distinguished by much geseral familiars.
After the various comps titen bad completed their
plouthing, draining, tad hedging, the oompasy adjourned to
I the Cora Exchange, when dinner was provided by Mr.
Wallis, of the Hind Hotel. The chair was occupied by Geo.
W. Hutt Eeq., SIP., the retiring president.
Is proposing the neat of the evening,
Mr. Herr said—When they thought of the prosperity
their own or the county society, they had no need to be
ashamed of the teems they saw afield that morn-
ing,. They had an external tribute to their mein
beyond this, and be dared my they had seen it.
Mr. Disraeli, when addressing an agricultural society in
Buddeghlunehire was struck with the poverty of the land,
and when trying to stimulate the farmers of that county,
what did ho point to sa as example worthy of their imita-
tion 1 The county of Northampton. (",Hear, bear," loud
cheers, sod " Breve.") He (Mr. Haat) considered that a
high oomplimect. Mr. Disraeli was • man of intellect, •
man who made a very good speech, and was a great observer.
That was the standard the Buckinghamshire farmers were
to aim at and that was very high praise. (Hear, hear.)
He called their attention to the county show at Peter-
borough, and those present would remember that that show
was held at a groat disadvantage, as the clouds poured forth
rile. Nevertheless, he thought it was such • remarkable
show that he held it up for the emulatioa of the Backing-
ingliamshire farmers. (Loud cheers.) He (Mr. Hunt) hoped
they would sot rest satisfied with what they had dope, but
go ea and do better. They might dread epos it that the
Buckinghamshire farmers would try to catch them up,
therefore by the time they reached the mark of the North-
amptonshire societies in 1863, those societies should be fsr
ahead. (Laughter and cheers.) It was impossible to 'peek
of agricultural societies at that time without speekiug
the cattle plague. Ho was very sorry to say that he ho-
llered they did not exactly understand what their position
was at present with regard to the cattle plague. He was
not speaking of this county only, but throughout the
country geaerally. It seemed to hica that those who came
forward to frauie rules for the formation of cattle plague
aseseiheyssioas did sot exactly naderstaed the stated affairs.
T_ did net appear to undentand the principle of liability
at all. They awned to be too timid in incurring liabilities,
while, u • matter of course, they were naturally anxious to
net what they could. He had attended some of the meet-
ings of the Northampton as well as the Oundle thee-
ration, which had been formed with the view of fram-
ing rules that should be adequate to meet the pre-
sent crisis, and it did seem to him that • great many
of those interested is the subject did not suftinently
appreciate it. (Hear, hear.) They seemed to think that by
eateries these theociatioes they could get fall compensatiou,
without making that emanation sufficiently strong to meet
those liabilities. What he understood " mutual insurance"
of cattle to be wee, that all those who insured should share
the for falling upon the insured cattle amoapt them-
selves. (Hear, hear.) that wee the principle, it fol-
lowed that whatever proportion they insured for they
must be liable for. He could uuderstaail the meaning of
ranting two-thirds or three-quarters of the value
of their stook, bat they must contemplate what insurance
they would have if the cattle plague came among them.
People expected to go into these sesociatious for insur-
ance to make harpies, that they were to get two-thirds
or three-fourths of the value of their dock if they lost
them, but were only liable to pay for a small portion.
What be maintained as the right principle was that
they should both go together. If they got two-thirds of
the value d their own stock they mast be ready to pay
two-thirds of the value if their neighbours' stock suffered.
Supposing their heads were not visited then the cells upon
them would be but sinalL If so they would escape with
the satisfaction of knowing they had done their duty. But
if the plague came upon them, to • very greatelteet they
would all share the less. They would all be losers, but all
would lees equally. (Hear, hear.) Many people bad thought
that if the plague came to a certain limit, the landlords,
sad perhaps the nation, ought to come forward. (Heart
hear.) He was of the minion that, if it became • national
calamity, it would be the duty of the nation to °ems for-
ward as they did in the canoe famine. Bat still that had
aothiag to do with the prior** of a mutual insurance
association. Supposing they could show that they had
insured themselves, bad joined associations founded on
right pi iaciplee, and had to share in the logs attended upon
those associatioes, this they could say they had done what
they could to help one another. (Cheers.) And now they
asked those who had property to come forward end help
them. But he thought they should keep the two ideas dis-
tinct. They ought not to allow those notion of paired
assistance at all to Idiom:ice their decisions inn
regard to
these insurers. lIMOCiatiOGS. He hoped he had not gone out
of the way in making those few remarks, for the subject was
so serious that everyone skald do what they could do to
settle the basis on which these usociationa should proceed.
Now the Northamptonshire ANOCDAIOD originally settled
that the limit of liability should be N. per head of cattle,
and they were to pay tworthirds of the value of au aortal in
case of loss. Well, it yrs quint clear if the °shinny were
:to become este:wive, that fit would not be sufficient. Last
'Saturday they reduced the liability to 31. per head bemuse,
be supposed, they thought people were timid. If they did
this they could not expect to have two-thirds compensa-
tion for thecattle if the plague spread. He was very sorry
that that day's paper brought a vcry serious addition to the
calamity. It was that the plague had goes to the sheep.
This was made known by a report from Professor Simonds.
who, employed by the Privy Council, had visited a village
in Norfolk, and there disoovered that the dismal had been
communicated to same tows by a flock of lambs. Mr.
Simonds reported that the lambs exhibited the same
'toms as the cattle. The veterinary college with whom
he uommunicated also reported that the symptoms exhibited
by the lambs were exactly the same as shown by the cattle.
This was • very serious matter. They thought their sheep
I were safe, bat if the plaids might be communicated from
sheep to cattle, and from cattle to sheep, they must take
the matter into their serious consideration, for he consi-
dered if sheep were to suffer from the dream, it would be
worm The lass to the country from the sheep would be
far greater than with cattle. There was a proverb which
their asighboors over the water, the French, used.
" Heaven helps those who help themselves." And he be-
-1 Bated that would be true in all the Methane of life. Those
who took care of them/elver in every position, and under all
circumstances in life, were much less liable to the diseases
' that afflicted humanity. So in regard to the cattle plague,
1 those who took thecautions ta the purehase and treatment
1 of the cattle and sheep ran much less risk than they other-
: wise wield. It behoved *email, these whcee proy was
in stook, to be careful how they bought end trailed with
rattle. This terrible dames had not been as yet prevalent
in this musty ; ocly in • few einumstances had It become
known, sad ha prayed God that they might grape its
' ravages. Let them be detetminedte help ass another, and
be careful not to do any mean sot to save themselves from
lees at the risk of their neighbours. If any
of their cattle were attacked by the disease let
them not risk the safety of their neighbours' cattle.
(" Hear," and cheers.) It was • great temptation to lister
I aid of the diseased tattle quietly. Let them isolate those
animals till they were' perfectly an tain whether they
had the disease, for they might seed the infection to
I hundreds and thousands of stock. He could not forbear
touching epee this topic, because it was the prevailing the
on their minds—(hear, bear)—snd in proposing prosperity
to the two societies one might express the bops that the
district might reeler perfectly free from the pberusi. That
meeting had not suffered from the cattle plague because
they bed not shown stock. For this reason, too, the show
at stock had, in some inetenose, been dispensed with by
novena associatioas this year. This was not so with them,
as the range they took did not exteed so widely. He
would ask them to take every precaution to prevent
the spread of the dream, and not rue the risk of send-
tag it into their seighbours' herds. The uefortunatit
circumstances of this disease bad been inimical to
the success of the meetings of agricultural associations
this year, and one could not help feeling that the future in
I regard te the subject was dark. He would say, let them
do their utmost to ward off the disease, sod then if it did
fall upon them they would have the setidactioa of eating
that it was not their fault. (Hear, hear.) He would give
them " The Prosperity of the Northamptosaltire and Wel-
lingborough Agricultural Societies." (Loud cheers). With
the toast be would couple the officer of the society. The
ameartions could not be earned on without great exertioes
on the part of the °Moen. That day had been a very
arduous cue, sod that arduousness had been breathed by
the excellence of the different rompetitious, which made it
very difficult for • deassios to be arrived at. When he
went down to the geld he was thankful be was not judge,
and them who Inspected the ploughing must have been
'addled of the great difficulty in asddies as to she isms.
(Loud cheers.)

OSTWZAI. I'AZACIL Olti SHILLONG DAY.
NOIDAT, Oer. 2. Aaceksions as psysiest. 9,488 :
Mkt by seism ticets, 2,404. Total vilifes, 1403.