The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-26 00:00:00

enivems.

NAILS.

near ps that of St. John is to Liverpool The dill—
cultyi in Captain HOSKEN'S ease would be to escape
knowing that the lighthouse had been completed
and 4ghted, not to .obtein the information.
On this account, and also of the resigned tone of
self-skaifice which pervades Captain HOSKEN'S letter,
we are persuaded that the idea of attributing
the loss of the Great Britain to the omission of
the St. John's light on the chart by which he was
navigating, has not been propagated for his sake.
It did not originate with him : he has only taken
the tale. There has, indeed, from first to last, been
great exertion made to mystify the public about this
accidiat. At the first, the chart used by Cap-
tain I:Waxy( was said to have been published this
year to have been purchased from the agent for the
sale of the Admiralty charts at Liverpool, and to
bear the name of WALKER. The intention of the
last gratuitous piece of information is obvious from its
effects. Until Mr. BATES' contradiction came out,
everybody seems to have assumed that the chart had
been compiled by the hydrographer to the Admiralty.
.The cloud of detail in which the essential parte of the
story have been enveloped, have all had the same end
in view. Seamen, who have a distant idea of the
relative positions and appearances of the plans men-
tioned, who can judge of the effects of accidental cir-
cumstances npon the distance and course ran by the
vessel, knew that they are quite unimportant. The whole
and sole aim of all the irrelevant talk has been,'
to enable the directors of the Great -Western Com-
pany to divert blame from themselves or their Cap-
tain, and disseminate an opinion that everything pos-
sible had been done to prevent the accident.
The Admiralty are to blame, say the directors.
They call upon insurance companies, merchants, &0.,
" to aid them in urging upon the legislature an enact-
meat with beavypenaittea against all Admiralty agents
who shall, after the passing of the same, sell charts
without an annual certificate that they have beset'
examined by a person or persons in authority, either
from the ilydrographer's-office or the Trinity-hone,
and that they contain all the known lights, buoys,
beacons up to the date of the said certificate.'
This is cool. The directors know that charts
so certified are published by the Hydrographeel-
office, and are to be had of the Admiralty agents.
The fault is theirs, if they or their captains
neglect to supply themselves with thee correct and,
authentic charts; putting up, for economy or any other
motive, with less trustworthy compilations. An me
of the Legislature is indeed wanted; but to be effective
it nnutbe directed against those who buy, not those who
sell. Any smuggler can tell us that, so long as there
are purchasers for a commodity, no penal laws can
prevent their getting it; but that, take sway the..
market, and the trade dies a natural death. Prevent
shipoweers and masters of ships from purchasing any
but authenticated charts, and Admiralty agents and
all. other map-sellers will cease to sell any other of
their own accord.
From what has been stated, it is pretty clear that
the omission on the chart had nothing to do with
running the Great Britain ashore ; but from what has
been stated it is also clear, that care had not been
taken by the directors of the Great Western Com-
pany and their captain to provide themselves with
the correct and authentic charts necessary for the.
safe navigation of their vessel On tke part of indi-
viduals engaging in the passenger traffieeer general
carrying, such neglect is wanton trifling With per.'
sone safety and property. For years the Admi-
ralty have been offering correct, carefully-com-
piled, periodically-revised charts to the merchant
service; buttheir offers have been neglected, übt Tamely
by the lower class of adventurers in that line, bat by
crack cotapanies, each at; the Great Western. Nothing
short of an act of parliament can compel the mercan-
tile marine to supply itself with the Admiralty charts,
and security of person and property to an immense
amount renders it indispensable that they should be
compelled so to supply themselves. Admiralty by-
drogmphers are liable to err like other people ; but
Admiralty hydrographers thus charged with the
exclusive responsibility of furnishing our commer-
cial ea well as military marine, would have more
powerful motives to exert thesneelves to be accu-
rate than private map-makers possibly can have..
If, to enforce payment from underwriters, it were
necessary to show in case of shipwreck that the
directions on the Admiralty charts had been. strictly
observed, the great mercantile body, by means of the
House of Commons, would soul' compel the Admi-
ralty' to employ bettor hydrogniploom

The overland cloned mannTis Mor:anike, to-the Mediterranean,
Mann. Aden, 451eylon, India, Meetaang, ke., will be made up on the
evening of the 271110cdoher.
The made foe Oarkeria,ll2lo, Opi -Wien, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made mina thegnankg Mths 27th Octater.
The meat law lee* Webs, an Mom% land, will be mods
up the let WNW.
The W ateak inhibitions*" IdediTio=es, and
Havana. will im MI the newmlniettlee
7115 witabst waft (illadler, Mall" Ora* the denim idiot*
Ziwt, Aden. Cleyy ko, lady Illoasalaweh and
Non Mae,
har. wiw Ibrabainattm,
made aon the mandag of tbe lad na

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We cannot sodas, in any way, any esmsweeketiwa that k mkt In as
anonymously ;ba those who chasm to Womb b *readable will
End Meer confidence NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TO RETURN ANT YANGBCRIPT9 WHATEVER—
IV Advertisements intended for The Brprece, London evening taper,
moat be at the Ofike by Two o'elock on the eky el pubtkiedion.

MOM WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
NM DAY. Morning, 17 mln. put ; Alternate, 43 skin. prat 6.
To•amouow.--Ilorning, 8 min. put 6; Afternoon, 33 min. past 6.

LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 26.

THE apology for the Great Britain le now fully
before the public. The directors of the company to
which that vessel belongs have published a report,
embodying Captain HOSK EN'S explanation of his Con-
duct, and a series of resolutions containing their own
judgment upon it.
It is impossible to avoid sympathising with Captain
HOSKEN. For fifteen years he has navigated steam-
vessels and sailing vessels, Falmouth packets, mer-
chant ships, and lastly the Great Britain, without
incurring any misadventure except upon the late wa-
gon. It was not sheer good fortune. He kept his
reckonings himself : he was an intelligent, diligent,
watchful officer. He was known to be so. He not
long ago received a complimentary letter and Valuable
present from the underwriters at LLOYD'S for nautical
skill and seamanship. To such a man, even though the
loss of the Great Britain should draw downnpon him no
pecuniary liability, no risk of being thrown out of
employment, the wound given to his honest proles-
nional pride is enough to entitle him to compassion.
In his eyes the reputation built up by the exertions of
fifteen years is cast down by this mishap.
But public safety requires that Captain HOSKEN'S
feelings should be left out of view in dealing with the
running ashore of the Great Britain. .

Captain HosKEN says, or rather insinuates, leav-
ing the directors to say for him, that he was be-
trayed into an error ofjudgment through the omission
of St. John's light on the chart by which he was navi-
gating ; that not being aware of the existence of the
light on St. John's Point, Dandram Bay, he mistook
it for one of the lights on the Calf of Man. That
Captain HOSKEN could have made such a mis-
take is simply impossible. From the mouth of
the Mersey he had steered a N.W. by N. coarse.
any person who looks to a map will see, of pekes-
pity carried him to the north of the Isle of Man,
that island presenting to a vessel on such a
course the very acute angle of its northern extremity.
About half-past five, Captain HOSKEN saw the Isle of
Man, and could not but be aware that, on the course
he was steering, at the rate of nearly eleven knots an
hour which he believed the vessel to be making,
the Isle of Man must have disappeared behind him
oven on a clear day within half an hour of the time
of his getting sight of it. Is it then possible that
three or three-and-a-half hours later, he could believe

a light still ahead of him to have been one of the
lights of the Calf of Man ? If it had been, his vessel
must have been remaining motionless during the in-
terval, idly revolving her paddles. It is not a
question of quicker or slower sailing, but of sailing
or no sailing.
This is not all. There is no resemblance
between the light on St. John's Point, and
either of the lights on the Calf of Man— sup-
posing the other to have been from some cause
invisible. The lights on the Calf of Man are
respectively 396 and 305 feet above high water, the
light on St. John's Point only 62 ; the lights on the
Calf are revoking, the light on St. John's intermit-
ting ; the interval of revolution is the Calf lights is
two minutes, the intermission of St. John's light is a
bright light for forty-five seconds with an eclipse of
fifteen.

The calm, clear, ;tad circumstantial answer just
given by the Edinfeurgh 'feriae, to the vindictive
representations of a French writer who was in our
service in India, and, we believe, was compelled to
quit it, is abenefit rendered not merely to the cause of
truth, but to the mntual good understanding between
the omit-lies. Nothing has tended more strongly to
keep up the ignorant hatred and prejudice of France
against England, and of England against France, than
the stupid falsehoods of palms who have written
accounts of either, under the inspiration of personal
Soreness or malice. Bat it has now become im-
possible to deceive by 'malignity in that respect :
France and England are too well known. Though
a Lord Mayor may still be represented on the
French stage as selling his wife in Smithfield,
such charges are confined to Arcs!, and banished
from books. But if the mother ocomtries are
closed to the fabulist, the colonies are open ; and
Monsieur Da WARREN seized a favourable opportunity
to tell strange stories of our Indian doings, which
long passed current without contradiction, and made
us appear ogres to many worthy French readers.
At the same time, the task of enacting the part of a
dominant' caste, of expelling old conquerors from a
country, and of taking their places over a subject po-
pulation with which we can have no affinitiesof
habits, or clime, is one so difficult, that there should
be little wonder if it has led to cruelty and injustice.
In particular, our treatment of the upper or ruling
dames throughout Hindostan, certainly affords ample
scope for fair animadversion. In earlier days, when we
were struggling for empire, and when the treachery
of a Rajah, or the insolent hatred of a bigot foe, en-
dangered our trade and existence in India, severity
had a pretext. We can understand the peremptory
rigour of HASTINGS, and even the unblushing spolia-
trona of too many of his contemporaries in India. But
we have Iceland less excuse every day ; and the cavalier
capture of Seinde, which might have been a natural
course of conduct in the last century, is a flagrant
anomaly, as well as injustice, to have occurred in the
middle of the present On this subject M. DE WARREN
might have sorely pelted us with truth ; instead of which
he has merely picked up a few baseless fables, and
flung them against the least vulnerable parts of our
Indian history. Witness his foolish diatribe on our
treatment of the Great Mogul.
The functionary class we have perhaps worse
treated than any other ; having completely super-
seded them ; nor even made as much uae of native
assistance in the judicial and administrative func-
tions, as the Dutch have in Java. But in this re-
spect the foundation has been already laid for im-
provement. The education of the natives of India,
so as to fit them for offices of trust, has met with
especial attention and encouragement from Lord
HANGINGS ; and it may be hoped that the next
generation will belie those charges of unfairness, for
which there may now be some colour.
The reproach of unfairness to the commercial and
trading classes in India, is the most gratui-
tous and unfounded. The increase of East
India exports and imports shows that if England
sends more, it takes more ; and that the native in-
dustry formerly employed in the manufacture of
cotton, has not been loot or turned adrift, but has been
directed to the rearing of produce more congenial
• to the clime, and more conducive to the wealth of
• India.

It is bewildering, certainly, for a seaman to see a
light start up before him where he has no reason to
expect one. But is it credible that Captain Hoaxing
was unaware of the existence of the light on St.
.John's Point? He has " frequently taken the north
Channel before," and thinks it best with the wind
and weather he sailed with. He would " take it in
preference, were all other things equal." Is it likely
that the careful and expert seaman, praised and re-
warded by Lunn's, would neglect to make himself
acquainted with all the landmarks on and adjoining
the channel of his preference ? Is that seaman a
master of his craft, who, sailing from Liverpool,
is between England and Ireland as much at the
mercy of his chart in this simple matter, as a new
countryman in London for the first time is at the
mercy of his map? A chart is not the only means of
learning where lights are placed. The able seaman
does not trust to one chart, or neglect to study it till
the moment of danger comes. The light now
in question is placed on the Admiralty chart of
that part of the Irish coast; and is even indi-
cated on the Admiralty's =all index chart
of the British islands. More than this :—ln the
Admiralty catalogue of 1844, the St. John's Light-
house is stated to be building ; but in the " additions
and corrections" issued from the Hydrographical
Office on the Bth of May last, and since that time pre-
fixed to the catalogue, the light is described. The first
lighting-up of every new lighthouse is regularly
advertised by the Admiralty, and repeated in their
shipping intelligence as a piece of news by all the
leading journals. Such an event is an event in mari-
time affairs ; a natural subject of conversation in sea-
por i circles, more especially when the new light is so

The rule of England; the security, publicity, peace,

Eli, ether claw" program.: "niece seems
all such cage an inipetiOns necessity fbe 66veistmoit
interfeTeTeuir le—clify;Tu—ilie distribution or-prolits,
that harsh law which seems to disinherit the poor.
Such a law we find operating in India and in Ireland,
totally different as are the circumstances, society, and
government. It is one of the great unsolved
political problems, on which, however, human inge-
nuity is amply and actively at work.
We shall not enter into the oft-mooted question of
how likely or how swiftly Russia is to swallow np our
Indian empire. The bugbear at present assumes no
attitude calculated to appal us. When, year after
year, the colossus power and multitudinous armies of
the Czar are arrested by SCHAMIL, and baffled by the
mountain hordes of Circassia, it is surely premature to
think of taking precautions on the Indus; other, at
least, than the grand and sacred precaution of render-
ing the population under our rule instructed, contented,
and happy.

/84am focliorne
igh% add toNiefform
we comprehend fully both the right and the duty,
there is a fair probability that we shall begin to exer-
cise the one and discharge the other.

The despatches of our Paris correspondent of Fri-
day's date have brought us most disastrous and
melancholy accounts of the consequences of a flood
which had occurred is the Loire, the waters of which
have suddenly risen to a height exceeding anything
knoern for a century back. An extraordinary fall of
rain, which continued for two days incessantly, pro-
duced this effect The Loire and its tributaries have
been equally the theatres of this phenomenon, and
have produced inundations, unknown within the
memory of any one living, throughout the depart-
ments of La Loire, Allier, Loir-et-Cher, and of the
Loiret. In a single night the waters of the Loire
itself rose twenty French feet. The celebrated levees
of that river have been broken through in several
places, and extensive plains inundated to the level of
the roofs of the houses. The disaster has been most
calamitous at Orleans. Our correpondent has se-
lected from the various reports the following Ow--
ticulars : •
"At Moulins the whole population were up during the
night of the 18th, assisting by torchlight the unfortunates
whose dwellings were submerged ; notwithstanding the
activity of the people, the devotion of the authorities, and
the aid of the military, it was physically impossible to assist
all. Numerous boats loaded with goods were entirely lost ;
bales of rods, hogsheads of wine and brandy, timber and
merchandise of every descripties, Sneed in every direetcs.
The bridges of Vichy, Chazeuil, La Pallid, I)o=Narre,
Digoin, and others, have been swept away. In the depart.
mentor La Loire, the bridges of St. Just and Andrezieux, and
Balbigny, have been carried away. At Roane: the digue
has been broken, and the river has resumed its ancient bed,
deserting the bridge. The Hotel de Flandre, and all in it, the
post-boass, and a great number of other houses, hay • disap-
peared. At Andresiena the village has been entirely carried
away ; scarce a trace of the railway is left ; the suspension-
bridge is gone, the barracks a heap of ruins ; as the sudden
rise of the wsters took place during the night, several per-
sons have perished. At St. Paul Coruillon, a little village
has; been entirely destroyed; at Boanne, from forty to filly
hostiles are entirely submerged. The mail posts from Paris
to Marseilles tees been stopped. Houses were so sud-
denly invaded by the waters, that the families could
may take refuge upon the rooft At midnight, a
lend rush of the waters took place. Between
Fears and Bon, the diligence of Lafitte was suddenly
surrounded by the overflowing of the Upon, and was
stopped. The waters quickly gathered round it; three or
four persons have perished; the conducteur and the postilion
fell a sacrifice to their incredible efforts to save a lady who
was an inside . Other passengers, mere fortunate,
'paved themes ree by !swimming. One of them had the pre-
sence of mind to out the traces of one of the horses, on which
' he mounted to effect his escape. The horse, after swimming
for a considerable time, sank to rise no more ; the passenger,
however, saved himself by swimming. The town of Movers,
at the confluence of the Nievre and the Loire, saw
suddenly the mass of waters of both rivers rushing
down with terrible fury. Information of the results
have not yet arrived. At Blois the streets are under water
to a depth of seven feet. The water, having broken across
the road of St. Gervais, have resumed the ancient bed of the
river, which at present forms the rich valley of Chailles and
Can& ; over this region ferry-boats are employed transport-
ing in every direction the inhabitants who have taken re-
fuge in the upper stories of the houses. At night, all
places supposed to be liable to inundations are illuminated
by torches, and extraordinary lamps have been erected. The
mayor and his assistants, the commissary and agents of
whoa, hare sat during the night at the mayory, ready to
supply help when required."
Such are a few of the details which first arrived at
Paris; they ere, however, nothing in comparison to
the disasters which have been spread over the depart-
ment of the. Loiret. The whole country called the
Val de Loire is under water. The city of Orleans is
in consternation. The mayor has sent urgent demands
to Purim for help. The following particulars are
selected from further reports : •
" At Orleans the Loire in twenty-four hours rose sixteen
feet : a sudden fall then took place. the redaction amounted
pe twenty lathes in two hours, and continued during the
reeorf the twentieth. This abatement produced a new
; the embankments cracked, and at one place were
amnia away to an extent of sixteen feet. A horrible
Mae like an expiation was heard upon the quays of
Orleans ; it was the railway viaduct of Vierson, which the
visit-nee of the torrent had burst. The levee near Bt.
Pei has been carried away through a Length of about
Mitserdlve yards, and Immediately the Loire assumed the
enaelllll/1011, not of a river, but of a sea! As far as the eye
mai see, there was only a horizon of waters. All the cons
Mims of the Val are literally submerged. Some houses are
imaidated to the depth of twenty feet; others are totally
Help is erred for everywhere, but difficult to be
=.7d'How can boats be directed through gardens inter-
sected by hed• ? besides, the numbers of boats available are,
utterly inuent. Boatmen cannot be obtained, and the- •
danger is as great to those who offer, as to those who receives
lesistancet. Unfortunates who took refuge in the upper
Member* of the bosses are taken out by means of rope lad-.
4ses. ileireral of the houses in Orleans have Wren by tie
rzOrder waters. The conservatories are all destroyed.
ciountrf,the unfortunate inhabitants are insulated,.
some on the root of their boasts, others in barns, some
imerseg the branches of trees. Meanwhile, food fails ; the•
rrcannot make bread ; depilation. is universal. On.
aiftersoon of the 20th the tocsin wee sounded in all.
theiteminanes of the Val, and in the night the gammon cry
"wave qui pent." Here and there upon the quays,.
and is the coy, peasants were seen driving beasts before.
gamma, 'Web they had saved from the riser ' • whole families
were nearly naked, stripped of all resource, and barely able-
to save the vet from the fury of the miter*. The infants.
and the apd woe without shelter or help. The disaster,
meantime spreads: the Loire again ineremes. At Orleans all
business is suspended ; the custom-houser the exchange, the
tribunal of commerce—all are shut. It is impassible to esti,
Mate the enormous amount of the loss It is a stational
disgster.".
Although a flood has affected the Seine,the disasters
produced by it are comparatively-baling. The waters
Me on Wednesday night about eighteen inches; MI
TharelaY at noon, the depth riteeked on the seal, of
the Pent Royal was about eigftt feet. The Minister
:of Public Works left Paris, (se Thursday morning, to
examine personally the derange produced by the flood
Centre Railway - trains arrived cm Thurs-

AMONG the many recent circumstances which serve
to cheer and encourage the friends of National Edu-
cation, we must not pass over without notice the
nearly simultaneous appearance of articles on the
subject in the Quarterly and Westminster Betimes,
so perfectly co-incident in their views and arguments,
Mot it is not easy to determine "which is the Chris-
tian here, and which the Jew." Both advocate the
great principle that popular education should be as
affair of the state; the Quarterly labouring to recon-
cile the Church, and the Westminster the Dissenting
bodies, to the proposed transfer of power. It is curious
,to find that nearly the same arguments are addressed
to these opposite parties, and that the reviewers find
the objections to be obviated very nearly the same
in the opposite interests which they desire to con-
ciliate. It might seem as if something of sectarianism
existed in the establishment, and a portion of hiero-
crag had been infused into dissent. But the truth
Mather is, that both the churchmen and the dissenters
who have opposed the interference of Government with
national education, have Mien into a common error
respecting the. State, and the relations of the State to
society. Such an error lies at the foundation of the
opposition made by Mr. EDWARD BAINES to the pro-
posed system. He speaks of the State as some body
alien, if not hostile; to the nation.—_'But:the State is
nothing more than society itself in its jural capacity ;
it is the representative of the public ; and if it be im-
perfectly so, the proper remedy is not to cripple the
State, bat to amend the representation.
In asserting the right and the duty of die State
to assume the functions of superintendent of national
education, we do not, as Mr. B sttrEs supposes,
assert the right of Government to interfere in all the
concerns of social life. The very terms of the propo-
sition fix its limits. If education is to be national,
it must be a department of the State, for no other
body but the State his a national existence. What-
ever is ecclesiastical belongs to the hierarchy,
Whatever is sectarian comes within the domain of
dissent, but whatever is national belongs neither to
church nor meeting-home : and the real question at
issue, which Mr. BAINES has left untouched, is simply
'anther public education should be national, or
whether it should be, as it now is, fragmentary and
accidental.
We should bs the last to underrate the voluntary
exertions of the British peopk,butanr admiration of
these exertions does not go quite so tar as to make
is, in love with a voluntary State. We should hesitate
in entrusting the defence of the country and its
colonies entirely to volunteer soldiers and sailors ; the
exhibitions of "the great unpaid" have failed to con-
vince us that volunteer judges should be superadded
to volunteer justices • parish constables have in their
day performed good service, but we are not there-
fore disposed to dispense with a State police; cum
have been effected by herbalists, old women,
and quacks, but we nevertheless desire to
have a State superintendence over medical
qualifications. It is not the business of the State
that the rising generation should be brought up as
Churchmen or as Dissenters, but it is the business of
the State that they should be trained as good men and
good citizens. The State is bound to render its sub-
jects civilised, and not to leave them in the condition
of the savages of New •Zealand and Australia.
The connexion between crime and ignorance is
indisputably established. We presume that Mr.
BAINES will not deny that the suppression of
crime is a proper function of the Government ;
and that he would not substitute for public
officers the Judge LYNCH of America, the
Captain. RocK of Ireland, or the 11111111CCA of
Wales, all of whom are voluntary administrators
of what they are pleased to regard as " the
wild justice of revenge." Hs would not import
the system of " regulators" established in Illinois to
supersede our marts of assize. If, then, Om repression
of crime be a proper function of the Gorenunent, it
is the duty of the Government to adopt the most e ffi-
cient means for that purpose ; and if education be
found a strong preventive agency, then it is the
manifest duty of the State to provide for the efficiency
of education.

Mr. BAINES does not object to grants is aid from day by the Tours Hallway ,-.
the public treasury ; with what consistency, then, can he organs of the Of position vindicate the Swim
he resist the supervision of the application of Notch Liberals from the attar ks made upon them by the
gnats P The State is a neutral body. Parliament Debate, as,:uoted in ou r eorrespondence of Saturday,
" ts alike the Churchman, the Roman Catholic and other
and the Unitarian; it essentially belongs to none of sition to these, tb at, in fact, the free corps
them, and collectively is independent of all; firrther.. have ceased to exist, , that the liberal Cantons have
more, it indifferently levies taxes on all. Churchmen disavowed
i..._,uihein,s
p laced in obedience to the Diet, and that,
eves under the regime of
may with justice object to be taxed for sectarian ""'
the law, they dem' anded in their turn the expuhirm
'chords, and Dissenters for church schools ; but
e arrival called the free corps into
wither one nor the other has a denominational right esiiiienee. and wi
ion
paralysed the efforts I
to object to taxation levied for common and public of the curium, to mountain the public tranquillity.
iiillieets. Adjectives of exclusion were banished from If, as seems Pr obable, the federal government will
our constitutional vocabulary in 1829, but Mr. find itself come ailed to pronounce against the Jesuits,
Rims writes as if they existed not merely in name the ultra,Mouf .ane Cantons will mist, and a collision
but in the most stringent reality. win ensue / ietween them and the Diet. If the
We have had sole experience of the administration Can-
ton!, otedi-,,,11 re eiLiturreerted,
shboyuldthe,_,,libe,_ralbrtn-
of public funds by voluntary bodies, and are far from ins the v mv,...,,, 'cantons to oonif:lnd",
finding any good reason to admire the results. Unpaid the* ham tor; dissolving the League, conformity
commissions have been among the most costly issued; appeal I, ill necessarily be made to those
whatever Government has in that way got far Rodin which b ave guaranteed the federal pact. mos,
1'
has proved to be extravagantly dear at the price. We !Inning ' the rest, will then be called on to internee,
remember the consequences of giving public money in ilhVe .ur of those very Liberals whom the organs of
for the support of the Charter schools and the schools ilato .tbinet now condemn. Hence, it is contended,
of the Kildare-street society in Ireland. The Charter
raiz,
j arise a false position fore
authorities have sae-
M. Guizct. Account,.
schools became nuisances which Government was Berne reKlit the
forced to abate ; the Bidders street society adopted air .dad in checking further disturbances ; from all
P Jeri of the Canton assistance has been offered to the
rules which rendered their schools odious to
1.
. Jovernment. Twelve hundred armed volunteers
the Catholic population of Ireland, the bock, from the surrounding country have been placed at its
moat in want of education, and for whom disposal, but the authorities had not seen occasion to
use the parliamentary grant was chiefly in - avail themselves of this force.
tended. But we need not go out of I.# a. Letters from Italy, dated Bologna, 13th init., bring
don to show that the voluntary administral ion reports of attempts made at Faenza by the retrograde
of public money for the purposes of education is F Able Party, secretly excited, as it is said, by Austrian
to much abuse. A very benevolent gentleman • misled strata.
tram
OFnaethneeslltT,Ra
ipittartyie
porfoyvoiuncingopentote minadtheeanneeixgcuhbrsiuron.
by subscription a good round sum for the ref .ablish-
ment of a charity school ; aid was obtained from the hood, to celebrate the amnesty
.granted by His Holiness, by
government ; the school was built ; the Sr 49 of the means
oleamenafnnaei; onAtreTiandftobrgtereePtofanticr attack mon-
nominal committee who thought it wore s while to their return. A party of chasseurs, however, happened to
attend, in deference to him who had cotrimenced the approach the city by the same route, who,
. being mistaken
subscription and had headed the list, acquiesced in for
.i the revellers,
ewc wedreed.fire.ilhuepiogioivbenthore bort.iTsends, and
nza l two of
his nomination of schoolmaster ;—and b e appointedhia thi'slanwedreout ‘ge gendarmes, who, it was found, llfliarro:chks by order of
how-
disabled footman, to whom he would otherwise have ever, were shut up in their
been bound in honour to grant a perision. Now this teirscooiniagunder, was
were
whn
then called out,n wheore, eider bfyouttti;
is no isolated instance ;we could mr ntion many others inhabitants, attacked the brigands. The engagement lasted
which have come within our own ianowledge. But it is thnrs.wthhoirirds, in v6hnitesoremtue
return
the
andofmany wounded.
not necessary to do so. The poy.ver of expending pub- iloiewprolegseete.of Ravenna ordered out twopartl
pieces artilleryln
lie money must not be divested of responsibility, and ! and caused the barge to be occupied and put in a state of
the responsibility of an unrAid and self-elected core- I liege ;
the brigands took refuse upon a mountain on the can-
I mittee is mere moonshine. fines of Tuscany. This intelligence caused much agitation
. at Bologna, and through all Romagna. A general demand
It may be eupponfl by some that we have dwelt has been made to the government to replace the principal

authorities by persors devoted to the Pope
1 leas likely to become the instruments of
of Saturday teem with accounts of
caused by the inundations. Nature
.ve risen against the human race, and to
4 this present year with unwonted ealami-
failure of the potato crop and the deficiency
of general subsistence, are only indt-
Aces taken from a large ean of frightful
The scourge has fallen upon the popula-
tion of several of the central departments of France
in the form of nothing less than a deluge ! Embank-
ments which for ages confined the waters of a great
river, and save up to the cultivation of an industrious
and thriving population a rich and fertile valley
of vast extent, have been swept away in
a single night, and the destroying angel has
visited those who on the eve laid down to
rest from their toils in habittial security. Dewt-
ments which have been spared by the flood, have
been ravaged by fire. These visitations, sad as they
are, are however the one tern "rary and local, the
other within the control of a o government, and
wise laws. Unfortunately there is too much reason
to apprehend distress more universal than the oasis,
and more inevitable than the other. Reports received
by several Parisian journals, bring intelligence of the
most distressing situation to which the rural population 1
in several departments of France is reduced, by the
high price of food. In Auvergne, Berri, theOrleannois,
La Brie and other parts of the country, the sufferings
of the poorer classes are represented to be extreme.
In the Upper Loire, it is said that the measure of
grain which used to be sold for 2s. British, has now
risen to 4s. 6d. The potatoes arc totally destroyed
by the blight ; and the distress of the people is in no
respect less severe than that which is reported to pre-
vail in Ireland. Last year was considered as a cala-
mitous season. It was, however, one of abundance
oompared with the present. None save those who are
compelled to witness them can adequately estimate
the terrible sufferings which, from this combination
of the scourges of flood, fire, and famine, await in-
numerable families during the approaching winter.
Further repiets of the inundations •reached Paris
in the course of the afternoon of Saturday. New dis-
asters are announced from Orleans. The route from
Tours is entirely intercepted by the inundation. The
couriers from Tours, Angers, and Nantes have ceased
to arrive at Orlearis. A considerable extent of the
railway between Orleans and Tours is submerged by
the waters of the Loire. The rivers Yonne and Du-
rance have also overflowed their banks. Our corre-
spondent has selected from the vast mass of reports
which arrived in Paris from the theatres. of this phe-
nomena the following particulass:

.
" The number of houses destroyed in the city of Roxanne is
115. Of 400 boats loaded with merchandise, which were
moored on the opays, 270 are totally lost. The property thus
destroyed is estimated at a million of franca at least. The
town of Bolligoy is entirely devastated. A considerable
portion of the village. Nally and Rougy is destroyed, and
it appeus that several persons in them have been lost. The
barrack of gendarmes at Andrwieux having been destroyed,
the men with their wives and children took ref*e upon the
roof of the stables. Notwithstanding the screams of dis-
tress which they uttered it was not until the next day at
noon that four boatmen determined, in spite of the tears and
supplications of their families, to risk their lives to save these
unfortunates."

The following particulars are selected from the
reports brought from the department of the Niivre :
Never within the memory have the waters of the
Loire so risen. The river to overflow the banks on
the 18th ; but no one expected the prodigious inundation by
which suddenly the country was submerged, on the night
between the eighteenth and nineteenth. It was at three in
the morning like a tide rising at the rate of four feet an
hour. The river suddenly invaded the lower part of the
town of Never*, alter having covered with its foaming waves
the entire valley around it. A great number of inhabitants,
threatened in their beds, had scarcely time to fly and give
the alarm. At the break of day the whole population
was up, listening with terror to the roaring of
the waters which continually increased around them.
What a spectacle of horror! The Loire end Nievre,
mingling their waters, formed an immense lake,
under which the faubourgs of Houeese Nisvre, and
Loire nearly disappeared. Here there appeared floating on
the water timber and fbroiture, baste carried away from
their pasturage* and every sort of debris, evidence of the
most cruel disaster. Fire.arms diiehamed as sigmas of dh-
tres* and the scream of miserable 'features confined to their
dwellings by the surrounding waters, were every where
heard. Two steamboats proved of inestimable service.
Throughout the day these sailed from house to house, taking
on board the wretched inhabitant* a considerable iiiintier
of wham had lost their reason by despair and terror.
It wee only by foam that these unfortunates were
dragged from their dwellings cm board the boats
which had come to their remise. It was esti-
mated diet' these two steamboats *Tod, durloirtle day,
above 600personS. The greatest 'dhvifetude was hit for a
body of shwa leketems, who were lodged near Gustim It
was knows that the work.* at daft pins* were totally sub-
merged. All tummenication had been. cut off. and enli if
these unfortunate men bad escaped death by droWning they
must havwbeen amass expeeed to it by lentrger. One- of the
steentboato had gone *their relief, but* wee still unknown
'ln what state they ware Sound, having remained *radar'
exposed ex.*, greatest:perils. It is feered, mays; one sort
'that we shalt have *seecedilleasters still greater than hose
which are sownader our eye, great as them are ; the
mere loseesof property sad subsistence have been 11311111111 M.
We have around us, to-day, hundred" of families without
'bread, attar:a an asylum, mid without anexurees !"
Our Walt% sad not the failure of the of
Ithese mielbrtunes, compel us to *lose these
:rendin,g •
The Levant mail was received is Paris as the

afternoon of %May. The juntasa of Athens were
'to the dative the 10thi, and those` et Conetantimple
to the itho these of Alexandria to the 9th, and Malta
'to the 14ths The appointment of Reechid Pella to'
the post of Brand Vizier was the great event of the
day, enable formal installation, as well as that of Ali
Effendi,. as Minister for Foreign Affairs, took place
on the 29th ult. The next day they received at
their residesee all the high dignitaries of the empire,
as well as the Amlisesaclors of France and Austria.
A report was circulated that Rim Paella was to have
been mat as governor of Damascus.
The amounts frees Alexandria state that the Pacha
was still there, but would 110011 depart for Cairo. The
Nile had risen twenty-four feet, end made groat
ravages. Ibrahim and Abbas Pacha had gone Into
the province of Seluirtrie where the floods had done
great damage, the embankments being swept away.
All the boats, both at Alexandria and Cairo, have
been seized by government, to transport the mate-
rials neoeseary for repairing the embankments. The
harvest of maize was entirely destroyed, and that of
cotton much damaged. More than sixty villages
were flooded, and if the Waters did not subside, it was
feared that Lower Egypt would be converted into one
immense lake.

The steamer Ariel, of the Oriental and Peninsular
Company, had arrived at Alexandria, where it
brought the English Consul, Mr. Murray. The
Ariel made its passage in twelve days. This
boat was to make an attempt from Alexandria to
Marseilles on the 20th, with the despatches ex-
pected from Bombay by the, Monthly Mail, in com-
petition with what Mr. Waghorn is attempting by
the route of Trieste. It is expected that this will
decide which of the two routes is the most expedi-
tious. The two boats, the Ariel, which has just
arrived, and the Austrian Lloyd's steamer Imperatore,
which had been waiting at Alexandria since
the 4th, were to start together, with their respec-
tive despatches ; the first by Marseilles, the second by
Trieste. Bets were made that the despatches by
Marseilles would reach London 36 hours in advance
of those by Trieste. The Oriental and Peninsular
Company have definitively agreed with the Egyptian
government for the transport of merchandise. The
company had kept for this purpose two boats upon
the Nile. but the delay incidental to their passage
rendered necessary an arrangement with the govern-
ment, which has undertaken the transport of all mer-
chandise at a stipulated rate, and purchases the
steamers.

The attention of the Paris journalists of all parties
on Saturday was engrossed by the movements in
Switzerland. A more striking example can scarcely
be offered of the way in which the hue of filets is
changed, and their form distorted, when viewed
through the medium of party feeling, than the jour-
nals of Paris exhibit on this question. Listen to the
conservative journals, and you will hear that anarchy,
ignorance, vulgarity, and intolerance are dominant in
Switzerland ; that democracy finds itself isolated and
unsupported in the conflict of varying opinions.
Hear, on the other hand, the opposition journals,
and they will tell you of the expulsion from
power of governments who have betrayed their
trust and violated the laws ; of a victorious insurrec-
tion ; and giving oblivion to the popular wrongs com-
mitted by the fallen government; of the re-establish-
ment of order; of respect for the laws; of general
tranquillity ; of the security of property and persons,
and public contentment. Amidst this cabal of journal-
ism, the facts which are actually before us are, that,
except the riots in Berne, which are generally ad-
mitted to have arisen from causes having no political

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER , 26,. 1846.
,•
and activity, w. • attend it ; cannot but add to the lat toe 44 upon first princ* .lesr:!butlwii 'fail dell and milieu), anti)
• itu, • the .•". ,io . !er, •. , y -,ttlttzt:?gress, and le
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and mo 'O.. - - .. - . .. to nen that suggeas
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as members of the_S_tateoreparticipants in the guilt. ot. the !apply o Set
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whilst Elk. ether class" progress...U.4w amps .in es
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