The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-25 00:00:00

1011&-MURAL BURlALS.—Yestertlay, at • vestry
sows 'held in St. Clement Danes perish, Strand, it was
mod that the clerical committee appointed to adopt mea-
burials is atlas and towns had nominated
• lONmen, whose names were to
tulle to
Loantdd twentyraorpe
thla,yfor his lordship to arpoiat a
...Aimee from those gentlemen for the purpose finally
..:"sg burials in Ging and towns, and that the fo low.
rntlemen were semi' seed toe the perish of St.
4gmeent Danee, vie. :—Mr. Mackinnon, M.P.. Kr. G. A.
"yams, Mr. Twining, and Mr. Sambrook.
..• ELECIIvE FitAscuisv..—Sir,—Now that the ques-
ass of the estansion ot the suffrage is to some extent ma -king
esey with the thinking portion ot the public, it may be not
"Advisbe to show how even the 101. house occupation
hasehise has been contracted. The effect of the rate paying
iniaaa is well known; but I believe sufficient notice has not
bees f the contraction of the franchise by the payment
par• ish rated by the landlord. The parish of Camberwell
med by • local act, in which On re is a clause em-
boso
. ...ring the landlord, should he wish to do so, to compound
the payment of the rates for houses under the value of
The action of this clause is to distranchise more
meat cne thousand 101. octopi eee aa the overseers
ea set place such occupiers on the voting list whiht
they remain under the compound. There is a clause
ad which permits the occupier to claim to be rated
hie then he has to pay the full rate, and as this interferes
with the landlord's compound, and causes much trouble, it
peaknown that the landlords endeavour to change these
blesonth tenants as soon as possible. To those who have
*ached the question of compounds for the payment of rates
%the landlord, it is well known that advantages are equal.
the fewer losses to the yarish from the changes of residence,
sad the psyments made by the landlord for houses whether
wooled or sot, the allowance mafort him hy the parish can
placebe looked upon as a discount cash on a wholesale in
p of a retail transaction. Were the overseers willing there
could be no difficulty in giving the occupiers their just place
op the eatiog list, as the local act states that when the
landlord applies for his compound he is to give the name of
the occupier, which ought to be placed in the column of the
rate-book intended for such purpose, which should thin
be considered as a sufficient rating for the pur-
pose of the frinchises. In th e neighbouring parishes
of Lambeth and Bermondsey I understand this is done.
I may here mention another !emus evil arising from the
propound system as now carried out. On all parochial busi-
nem, when a vote of the parishdners is required, including
the election of guardians, the votes of the whole of the
otecpiers of compound houses are lost to the parish, whilst
the plurality of votes given to property by the 'Vestry Act,
always gives an unjust preponderance to the views of the
wealthy inhabitants, who cluster thickly in the centre of the
parish of Camberwell, and the adjoining district of Dulwich,
and who only appear at vestry when called upon to give
their support to the officers of the parish, when some ques-
tion of interest has aroused the pari.hioners to require a
poll. I trust you may be able to make some use of the fore-
sang remarks.—J. A. LYON, St. Mary•le-Strand House,
Kent-road.
SEIZURE OF ILLICIT STILLS.—EXTRAORDINART
CAP'S:EX.—On Saturday night a seizure of an illicit distil-
lery was effected by the officers of excise. Mr. Edward
Thomas, accompanied by Messrs. George Fenn end John
Edward Joy, officers of excise of the Hoxton district, pro-
Deeded to a house, No. 66, Wenlock.street, City-road, where
from certain appearances, by which they had reason to be-
lieve illicit distillation was carried on, Mr. Thomas went to
the front of the house, while the other two officers watched
at the back. After knocking at the front, a woman made
her appearance in the area, and to questions as to her hus-
band being at home, site answered cootusedly in the nega-
tive. Mr. Thomas then informed her that he was an officer,
and requested that the door might be opened. She imme-
diately disappeared, but only for the purple
is, of
ordered still further
fastening the door. Mr. Thomas, upon th
other officers to force an entrance at the back, which was
effected with considerable difficulty, during which time a
man was seen going upstairs to get through an upper
window, and run along the tops of the adjoining house..
An alarm being given, and all parties on the alert, the man
was kept in his lofty situation for an hour, not teeing
able to get down, although making several bold and
perilous attempts. One of the officers then went for a police
officer, whir, after various ;stratagems to take the delinquent,
eventually got into an unoccupied house, and by this means
was close upon him. Further retreat was now hopeless, and,
u a last resource, the man ran to the back, taking a leap
of the most frightful description. He soon recovered
himself and ran away, and after a lung chase was secured by
Mr. Thomas, and handed over to the police for safe custody.
The man being thus disposed of, attention was directed to
what had become of the woman, and it was discovered that
daring the confusion that prevailed in securing the man, she
had, unperceived by them, made her escape, which she IC-
compliatvxl by leaping through a window on to a shed,
from thence upon a wall, and finally into a back
garden. It was the opinion of all persons who witnessed the
affair, that two bolder or more dangerous exploits had
seldom been attempted. Upon examining the premises
the officers found two stills fitted up, each capable of
working fifty gallons, with molasses, fermented wash, and
the usual utensils used in distillation. In fact, everything
sees prepared for carrying on an extensive trade. They also
found a small quantity of spirits made from molasses wash,
but there an be no doubt that a large quantity was oa the
premises when the officers went, but that it was thrown
away before they catered, as the room had every appearance
of such being the case. The man gave the name of Davies,
and said he was a bricklayer, and had merely called there for
money owing to him. The officers, having procured vans,
moseyed their prize to the excise warehouses in Broad-

IRELAND.
Deamir, Aram 23.
The idea of a " national guard," lately started by
the confederates, and which occupied their club
meetings on Thursday, has failed to make the least
impression on the general body of citizens. Papers
were freely handed about yesterday soliciting sgna-
tures to the enrolment list, but they passed wiihout
notice. Not 50 names altogether were appended to
the invitation.
Nowise discouraged by the fate of the Ship-street
and Cork recruits, a few of the Dublin Rifle Brigades
repaired as usual this morning to the North-strand.
The police, who were on the alert, came up just as
practice was about to commence, and arrested one of
the warriors in embryo, who, with rifle in hand, was
marched ignominiously through the streets to Henry-
street police-office. lie will be brought up before the
magistrates to-morrow morning ; and, as the evidence
is rather conclusive, it is probable he will be com-
mi•ted for trial at the ensuing commission of Oyer
and Terminer.
The magistrates of Limerick, considering the ex-
citement prevalent in the city, and the probable effect
of those incentives to violence so incessantly applied,
have, at a meeting of their body, determined
to call for an increase of the police force
of 35 men. The military there have also felt the
necessity of more exhibition of force, for the soldiers
have received orders to carry their side-arms when
off duty. At the same time, it should be known, as
a matter for congratulation, that the ardour for rifle
practice has cooled down ; very few now follow up
the shooting exercise, and pike making is on the
decline, as the manufacturers cannot obtain a market
for the stock on hand.
There are, at this moment, in the gaol of Limerick,
four hundred prisoners, notwithstanding the clearance
it must have had in commissions, assize, and quarter
sessions. Of these, however, one hundred are under
sentence of transportation for various periods.
The Cork Constitution contains the following. It
is necessary to remark that Captain White has been
the most active of the magistrates of that city in
enforcing the law against rifle-shootinuand drilling :
THREATENING LETTER TO CAPTAIN W HITE, J. P.—
Private assassination is, we suppose, to open the cam-
paign of the " Confederates." Every instrumentality by
which "an enemy" can be got rid of is included in their
plan of operations. Among the letters left on Thursday by
the letter-carrier for Captain White. J.P., on the delivery of
the mid-day mail, was the following :
Tyrant WWI you are at the present crisis as ambitious
for notoriety as To* were in the year of your ahrieralty, when
you entrapped the poor simpleton, the aged Roger Ileffernan.
But, villain, you have had • long time to repent of your evil
doings, and yet have not. Your days are numbered —you had •
marrow escape some time ago, and were emulously waited for by three
determined men, hut, fortunately for you, • different way home saved
you then.
You will have the hardihood to appear again in hostility to the
people. Beware: death hair not the terrors for the sunken down
and oppressed peeple that it had some twenty or thirty yearn past,
and it in not impoorable that poor Rafter's pereecution and death will
be avenged by Curtly ridding the world of you, • tyrant and Imre-
limning villain.
affairs—the time is short
This** no hoar-settle your temporal
—tyrants must be got rid of—an accursed government cannot protect
you from the people's wrath. If you are looking for place by your
opposition to the people, you will :Ina it in the warmest corner of
hell, for thither wilt the people send you.
Wzi.u.ut lizerszreor Wrenn.,
Ore of the Enemies of Tyranny.

Cork, AprlllB, 1848.
Wm. Preston White, Esq., Patrick's-hill, Cork.
The run on the savings banks has somewhat
abated, notwithstanding the unfortunate defalcations
of two local officers in Tralee and Killarney.
Col. Wyndham, a proprietor, who has made great
efforts to remove a superabundant population from his
Irish properties, and who has been subjected, in con-
sequence, to much censure, is about to enable 130
persons to emigrate from his Clare estates, at a cost
of 3,0001. This is a humane and kindly act.

RECENT RIECETIONS.—Within the past week there have
been four executions in the south, two in North Tipperary
yesterday, two in Limerick on Thursday. At the latter the
clumsiness of the hangman was again manifested. The two
men died in the utmost torture, one of them having exhi-
bited signs of life, his body being convulsed, even atter he
had been suspended half an hour. All this torture seems to
have been produced by the position of the rope, the knot
havini. in each case reached beyond the neck to the aide of
tee head
Da. Morton, well known in Ulster as an agricultural
chemist, was elected by the joint boards Professor of
Chemistry, is the room of Dr. Andrew*, raised to the vice
presidency of Queen's College.
Ma. MITCKILLL IN DILOOREDA.-011 Monday es'nnight
en
extraordinary meeting of the Drogheda Confederate Club
was held, for the purpose of receiving their recently ap-
pointed president, Mr. J. Mitchell, of the United Irishman.
Mr. Marron, after having procured silence, moved that Mr.
Mitchell, m president of the Drogheda Confederate Club,
should take the chair. This being carried, Mr. Mitchell pro-
ceeded to say : Gentlemen of the Drogheda Confederate
Club, to you I must first address myself. My first duty is to
thank you for the high honour you have oonferred on me. I
thank you, gentlemen, for your just sedition; I congratulate
you on your most holy treason. To stand up for Ireland to-
day is a misdemeanor ; next week it will he felony or
treason, punishable with transpertation. It will be my lot,
I believe, and that of some others, to undergo an
imprisonment for two years, the penalty now, es
the law stands. The time has come when, in the face
of danger, we must win our liberties or perish.
It may be that many are ignorant of the principles of the
confederation too, and I will, with permission, endeavour
to lay these principles briefly before them. The confederates
are a body of Irishmen who have confederated to put this
island into such an attitude of defence, that the English
ministry will not attempt to treat us as they have hitherto
done. The first rule by which we are bound is—that no
man shall take a place under the English government. I
am sure there are men—respeetable men in.your town, who
differ with us for the lake of some of their friends, for whom
they hope to procure a respectable way of living ; and be-
cause they have so kind and efficienta member in parliament
as Sir William Somerville, who is ever at the minister's ear,
and who is disposed to prove very kind to those who used
their influence to elect him. And as long as he continues to
get places for the scions of respectable families, I am sure
that he will be returned again and attain by you unless you
have made up your minds not to be bartered over the counter
any longer. We have no secret societies in the confedera-
tion. The Lord Lieutenant, if so disposed, may go witness
their shooting or he may send his detectives in his stead, if
he pleases. There is no concealment, as I told you
th
before.
And let me caution you against secret societies—against e
use of pass-words, or anything of that description ;it will be
time enough to resort to secret societies when the government
endeavour to put down such meetings as this Another
thing I have to tell you : lam not acquainted with what
they may be doing in other districts, hut in every part of the
south of Ireland the people are procuring arms with as
much despatch as their means will permit; those who can-
not buy rifles get " pikes ' made. I must now speak tat
the due relation of the clubs in the country to that in Dublin.
Eech club is to attend to its own business, and conduct its
affairs independently of the council in Dublin.—The learned
gentleman next referred to organisation. Re said-1 hold
that the organisation should be a democratic movement. It
was not by following the aristocracy—t at class who call
themselves the leaders of the neople—the democrata of
France won their rights • it was not by petition-
ing the Chamber of Deputies—nor was it by en-
tering into negotiation with the minister Guisot—nor by
silky addresses to King Louis Philippe. No; but I'll
tall you how they woo it—by having their clubs well orga-
nised; and by another fashion—(Here there was a cheer
called for the " French fashions," which was well responded
to)—by barricades—by entering the palace—and by burning
the throne. When I speak of the conduct of the people of
France, I do not wish that you should imitate the people of
that country. When I 'peak of you winning your rights by
force, 1 do not want to alarm men of property, to moue pro.
testants. or to take from them anything which is theirs by
Tight. Why should Idoso ? All the personal connexions
I nave are on the protestant side. But I must say, t: tat if
men of property wish to have a share in the new nation we
mean to create, the time is nearly up for them to come in and
join with us. Some of the fastidious aristocrats sre heard to
say, "Oh would you put the government into the bands
of the mob ?—see the horrors that base been committed in
France." I answer by saying, we have had horrors far
worse in Ireland under the present government.
It never happened in any country that one mil-
lion of human beings died of hunger in any place but
in Ireland. And shall this state of things be allowed still to
go on ? Better, I say, have death, anarchy, or anything el.e.
I have been placarded in many parts over Ireland. It was
said I was a ruffian and a miscreant ; that 1 have urged, in
my written addresses to the populace, inducements to plun-
der shops and other places where property was; Lord Cla-
rendon has also sent placards which the police were ordered
to put up in the dark. I aver that if Lord Clarendon at-
tempts to say that I ever counselled robbery or deltruction of
f
any man's property, or injury to a single hair of any man'
head—l tell him that he lies most foully. I am very happy
to tell you that I have had a vast correspondence with
the military. Some have sent me their names as
vouchers for the truth of what they wrote. I have published
some of these letters and find they have given rite to much
discussion in the bairacks; and what is. singular, too, the
more that are published the greater and wider the growth of
these discussions MC= to become. lam happy to tell you
that, should we have occasion to stand upon the
defensive, we shall not meet with much resist-
ance from either of these (the soldiers and police) bodies.
After a few words from Mr. L. Devin Reilly, Mr. Mitchell
again rose, and referred to the chartist body in Englan
to
d,
stated that they were engaged equally with themselves
overthrow the present English government, and were fa-
vourable to the Irish people obtaining and having Ireland
for themselves. Re thought they should assist them to
obtain their charter, which they looked for, and they would
in return aid them to obtain repeal. The meeting (says the
local paper), after giving loud cheers for O'Connell, Mr.
8.
O'Brien, Mr. Thos. F. Meagher, Mr. Mitchell, and the
United Irishmen, quietly dispersed.
A Burr FORTHEItEPIALEtta.—Sir,—Permit me to offer,
through the medium of your paper, a suggestion connected
vrith the present distressed state of the Irish peasantry, and
their inability to crop their lands for want of seed, The
re-
peelers profess that the welfare of the people is their aim

welfare be beat promoted if the
t to the purchase of wed, to

would not that • • rent " were
to be appropriates' be distributed
when most wanted ?-1,01 Erouen WOMAN.

SCOTLAND.
EDINBUROI4, APRIL 23.
A movement against the system of indiscriminate
licensing of public-houses is taking place in different
parts ot the country. In one district of Aberdeen-
shire (Garioch) a special meeting ot justices was held
when it was found that many licenses had been
granted in quarters where they were not required, and
that others had not been properly conducted, and it
was resolved that fifteen licenses should be withdrawn.
at first meeting, and that other three should be re-
stricted to the sale of ale, beer, and porter. The reso-
lutions, with the names of the parties whose licenses
are to be withheld, have been published in the local
pepers. Measures of like stringency are talked of for
Morayshire, and apparently not without reason.
DRUNKENNESS IN GLASOOW.—A paragraph on this
subject which appeared in a communication from our
Edinburgh correspondent having excited some dis-
mission, we have made exertions to procure an official
return on the subject, and by aid of an intelligent and
respectable Glasgow citizen, have succeeded. Our
correspondent, we find, has been misled by a state-
ment in the Glasgow Herakl to the effect that 150
individuals were, on the night of Saturday the 25th
of March last, lodged in the central police-office
charged with being " drunk and disorderly." Our
Glasgow friend has obtained from the supenntendent
of police a " Return of drunken per sons taken to the
several police-offices in Glasgow between 6 p.m. on
Saturday the 25th, and 6 a.m. on Sunday the 26th, of
March, 1848." It ia as follows:
?Wee.
Central dace ll

Vonalea.
... 10

fioutLeta .............................
~\ Mss .............„.._.......
Clyde ....._.........

13
2

real 3l 11
To this return, the gentleman who took the trouble
to obtain it adds the following comment:
I conceive it is not difficult to account for the discrepancy
of the two statements. The Herold says that 150 indivi-
duals were lodged in the Central Police Office with being
drunk and disorderly. This phrase is a stereotyped one
with many of the subordinate officials by whom the oases
are reported, almost the only one in their vocabulary, and
the category of " drunk and disorderly " will be
found to comprise all cases of quarrelling and
disorderly conduct, many of them of a very ve-
nial description, and in which drunkenness forms but •
small element. Police cases, too, often include persons per-
fectly sober, who may have been involved in a disturbance
commenced by some drunken person ; and the general
charge I have mentioned is made against all the parties
The paragraph in the Herald is loose, and without the usual
discrimination of that journal. Were I not afraid you
might suspect me of national partiality, I would remind
you that our city abounds with poor and uneducated Irish,
"unstable as water," and of migratory habits, to whose so-
. count no small proportion of the equivocal reuse which has
been attempted to be attached to the aborigines of right

belongs. -
Great complaints are being made here as to the cost
and trouble of keeping down disturbance caused
directly, or indirectly, by popular meetings. Every
time that the pensioners are called out in the Edin-
burgh district, it is at a cost of 601. per diem, while
the cost and annoyance to special constables is beyond
calculation. Franklin was not wrong in saying that
the voluntary taxes of the people were greater than
those imposed by the state.
The Perth papers supply information regarding the
letting of the toll-bars in that county for the ensuing
year, which, in consequence of the expected opening
of the Scottish Central and other lines of railway, is
rather interesting,as being the first occesion on which
the influence of railways on existing turnpike-roads
could be properly tested; and the result shows that
that influence is to operate unfavourably. None of
the bars in the Cane of Gowrie were let at all, the
offers being much under the current rent. The same
was the case with the Muirton Bar and Bridge of
Earn Pontage. On the elicit and Stirling-road, the
bars were all let, but at a reduction, in some instances,
of nearly one-half. On those roads, on the other
hand, communicating with branch railways, such as
those in the Dunkeld and Blairgowrie districts, there
was a slight rise. On the Crieff-road trust, the
arrangement come to with the Central Railway Com-
pany is, that the latter are to make good any de-
ficiency upon an average of the rents for the three
years preceding the opening of the line. On the
other trusts, a money composition was accepted in fulls
In Ayrshire there has also been a general falling
off of rents ; and in that county the farmers are com-
plaining of the decision come to by the commissioners
of supply in favour of the present system of road ad-
ministration. It does, indeed, seem strange that in a
county, containing 731 miles of road, there should be
• bar for every two miles and a halt; and a debt of
90,0001. paying five per cent., and that this should be
deemed so satisfactory as to require no change. In
supposing that 9,000/. per annum could be saved in
the Ayrshire roads, the road reformers of the district
are perhaps going too far, but undoubtedly there is
safe middle ground between the extreme parties.

PROVINCIAL.
TENANT RIGHT.—The Gardeners' Chronicle of
Saturday make' the following remarks upon the in-
teresting subject of tenant right:—" There can be no
doubt of the impolicy of allowing the capital employed
in agriculture to run all the ricks under which meet
of it at present lies. There can be no doubt that those
who own the land in which it is invested would benefit
by the more ready and abundant investment of it
which its greater security would insure; and as little can
there be that the cultivator would himself reap more abun-
dantly, were his means more liberally applied. Tenant
right—the right to this security—is unquestionably a
reality ; and the general acknowledgment of it is greatly to
be desired by all classes dependent on agriculture. All, how-
ever, are not agreed upon the justice of these propositions,
or the acknowledgment of tenant right would be immediate
and universal; the fact being that there is such little pm,-
pect of unanimity on the point, that the moat zealous of its
advocates contend for legislation to bear down the opposition
they encounter. We referred last week to the difficulties
which lie in the way of legislation—to the power of
l
opposin landners—to the difficulties, in framing
• bill,g of aow valuation between landord sad te-
nant, which should be just to both—the continual
arbitration and litigation which would be sues to
arise from any attempt to determine the award before
the outlay, and the certain arbitrary injustice of any dcei •
lion atter it. On this laver point we have some further
remarks to make. The following is a passage from the
report to the Law Amendment Society, which refers to a
valuation of tenant right feunded upon the increased value
e
of the land at the close of a tenatenancy. " The tenant w
by it, so far as his acts are coneerned, be held bound to
restore the land in as good, but in no better condition, than
it was in when he took it; and for allincreau of value, arising
from his acts, he would receive an equivalent in money. But
this method is unfortunately lees easy of application than it
is just in principle. In acting on it, the following data
would be necessary, in order to come to a conclusion. I.
The annual valise of the land at the commencement of the
tenancy, which might, perhaps, be obtained by referen.le to
the rent, and t e poor. rate assessment. 2. The annual
value of the land at the end of the tenancy, which would
require a special valuation. 3. Proof of the fact that the
improvements were made. i. Proof of the extent to which
the improvemeets alone, as slistinguishei from other co-
opetating circumstances, have affected the value. Now,
without taking into consideration the three former requi-
sites, this last proof alone it would be almost impossible to
give. In a country where the state of trade, the waking a
road, canal, or railway, the building or extension of a
town, and many other things, ere daily changing the
value of land, how is it possible to eliminate ell such con-
siderations, and to attribute to the improvement just so
much of the increase of value as is due to it ? It may be
added, that so long as population continues tot advance, the
science of agriculture to improve, and the means and expe-
dients of practical husbandry to increase, laud must, as a
general rule, become more valuable by. the demand upon its
resources, as well as by the extension of its capabilities,
without any extraordinary expenditure on the part of the
tenant." The difficulty of this mode of valuation then arises
from the impossibility of extracting from all the MIMS of
improved value, and their total effect, that and the result of
it which the tenant may have put in action. Clearly he has
no right to the whole difference in the value of his farm at
the commeacement and close of his occupation. That may
have arisen from the increase of population, and of prices
perhaps, from the improved social and physical condition of
the people, from the neighbourhood of a lately mnstructed
canal er railroad, or from the settlement of a manufacture in
its neighbourhood. From these causes, in which the
enant las had no part, as well as from the fact that at
such a date so much was spent in drairuna, liming, or
manuring the land, has its increased value arisen ;
and who is to eliminate that portion of the result due to any
one of its MOM? It may be true, as the report already
quoted states, that " there is no ChM of men who place more
entire reliance on their own skill than those who are in the
habit of being summoned to decide as arbitrators and um-
pires on questions of this kind. Yet they who know them
beet will be the most ready to admit that a large proportion
of them are far from b-ing posse seed of anything beyond a
most superfical and empirical knowledge of the s -
valved in the questions which they are i $. "*"• .
tide ; and, even if it were admitted thatiin .010,010T.4 /.
etil
familiarity with agricultural details mighlreparorttae ~...
a single survey, to form a tolerably accurate ,
change in the condition of the toil, yet it ii ekes
the foregoing statement of the points Whicis.., ....,
arise, that much more than this would be n .
order so to fix the fair amount of compousaticE ..J. -
.. -
general satisfaction, and preclude
.turther . lj.
!sad the fact is that the problem mosariat fleesoisdido). •
.:•,..9., •