The Express.
London, England, 1865-07-28 00:00:00

RBMKIiBILA ! you wilt toe your friendsat
Miff Mtn the Opera. We shall sap them

Witt OnirefiL

TO 001PARIONDANT8.
Advertisements Intended toe The Samoa Landon Evening
, mutt bat as OM" Boatatloatioat. by Two
Piper
on the day of pablicatkaa.

PILINOWISIL
Ton Nvernof NikEZNYILINGS AND VIDDLLOTRINGS.
—ARRAN NA ?DOM Mom. D. s=swAsn, I. Brooshita,
Vandestioe, D. Moir, D. Manes, Nolan. Mocks : lks. D.
Ooaticault and Moo 11. Wm.—And Alf AMPLY APOLOGY.

BA/TINNII.I,

Tlll9 Evans, THOM CLAN AND FOAM CLAM Mews.
Cranford, Drummond, lisprood, sad Parry ; Mesdames Yaraold,
Marton, sad Stott—THE VOLUNSZERIL —AM THE HZBILEW
DIAMOND; OE, THE EYE Of LIGHT I Mao BR Came.

HIGH NIATIE AT LONDON-y.IIDM.

Tananal7:7 511. 382.
TO DAT Manila& Sti. 634n.....Attir5005. 66.1324

LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 28.

Tan Circular of the Privy Council which was
published on Monday last is of the same character
with others which have appeared from time to time
when any alarm arose about the arrival of the
Cholera, or some other epidemic, from abroad. It
is almost identical with that of 1859 ; and this is
an incident worthy of note, because the precau-

lions and improvements recommended are arrange-
ments which should not be precautionary only,
but habitual—not acts of preparation for a
sanitary crisis, but methods of living men-
tal to the enjoyment of life, under
healthy conditions, at all times. If we have not
taken in hand the evils pointed out in 1859, what
can we say for ourselves why the cholera, or any
other form of death by poisoned sir, should not be
upon us? Shall we go on, as we have gone on for
these last six years, aware that nearly all our
poorer neighbours (and many who are not poor)
are living on foul soil, drinking foul water, and
breathing foul air, and leave the proviaiona of the
law to take their chance among the ignorant and
the careless? Or shall we sustain the law and its
agents by such example and help as it is in the
power of every citizen to afford
While we do this by helping to get cottage
windows opened, yards cleaned, privies repaired,
rooms whitewashed, pure water supplied, and so
on, according to the injunctions of the Circular before
us, there is another duty incumbent on us in, if pos-
sible, a still more urgent degree. The officers I
charged with the supervision of the public health
are acting in the direction of purifying the air
(which includes purifying the soil and water); but
they have no power to deal with some causes of
mortality which are always operative, and to which
most of the fatality of epidemics is due, as often
as they arrive. In a general way, the reports of
our sanitary inspectors speak of the unwholesome
diet of the labouring classes ; but they speak of
it as they do of the mischief of drunkenness, with-
out any power to touch it from any side. This,
therefore, is the direction in which the aid of in-
dividual citizens may perhaps be rendered with
the best effect. As the most striking illustration
of this, let us look for a moment at the grave fact
of an increasing dearth of milk in a rapidly grow-
ing population. Every sanitary inspector knows
that in England and Wales eighteen infants die of
every hundred under a year old. Every one of
those officers is aware that this fearful proportion
of deaths is due to the absence of a milk diet more
than to any other single cause. Every
one of them expects that whenever the
cholera does come it will sweep away thousands
of ill-conditioned infants and young persons who
have never had any health, because they have
never had the food suited to their needs. Yet
these health officers can do nothing in the case
beyond exposing the fact in their reports. They
have no means of increasing the supply of milk,
nor of directing it into proper channels. When
one satisfied that the people within their districts
cannot obtain milk, they can do no more than
anybody else towards a remedy. This is the direc-
tion in which private residents may possibly do
some good, and, in making the attempt, they may
be doing their part in preparing to resist the cho-
lera.

There is more live stock in the country than
there ever was before, and, of course, more milk
than was ever known is produced. Yet, except in
large towns, where milk is brought by rail, the
middle and labouring classes find it far more diffi-
cult than their fathers did to obtain enough for
the family pudding and the children's meals.
At the same time, the townspeople are
well supplied in comparison with the peasantry. In
most rural districts there are hamlets where milk
is an almost unknown luxury. Dr. Horns says,
in his contribution to the " Seventh Report of the
" Medical Officer of the Privy Council :"—" The
" beads of the family never think of milk for their
"own use ; and, while willing that the child
" should have a bit of anything that is going,'
" object to purchase the dear and far-fetched
" luxury of milk. Indeed, unless they kept up a
" regular demand they mild not posaiblyobtain
"it." We may add that the most regular de-
mand will not obtain it from the farmers while it
answers better to them to make cheese and butter,
and keep pigs on the whey and skim milk, than to
sell the milk for pence, at the cost of great incon-
venience and interruption to the business of the
farm. Agricultural improvement will ulti-
mately bring good milk, and plenty of
it, into the labourer's dwelling, no doubt;
but its earlier effect has been to abo-
lish milk-selling in detail over most of the rural
districts by increasing the importance of dairy
farming and stock breeding ; and thus, while we

have finer and finer cattle 4hows, more and more
green crops, cheese, and butter, the babies every-
where are fed with messes of bread, mashed up
with water, sugar, and butter ; and when they are
fretful from indigestion, they are quieted with the
common domestic medicine—poppy beads, boiled
in treacle and water. Infants who survive a year
or two of such diet show its effects in skin dismiss,
teeth decayed before they are grown, soft bones,
and a stunted growth. The mothers never taste
milk, even when nursing. Weak tea is their drink,
with a dash of spirits in it, because they feel we
weakly. The men and boys drink bed beer. Com-
pare a hamlet so peopled with one which has for a
neighbour WSW proprietor or tanner who is willing
to sell milk. Compare the suretag•mother' in the
one and the other ; compare the ploughboys, and
even their bane ; compare the milkmaids, and

the children in school, and the babies in arms.
There can be no doubt on which aids the Choler*
may well be dreaded, and on which it may be
hopefully resisted.
But what is there that anybody can do to re-
medy this I If the natural course of affairs has
separated the poor generally, and their infants in
particular, from their proper food, what 1241 in-
dividual efforts do !
Even if the case could be only put in this way
we should be unwilling to admit that absolutely
nothing can be done. There may be many land-
owners and many farmers in England who have
never considered what it is to refuse to sell the
milk of their cows to people who can get none
otherwise, and some of these may need only a
gentle remonstranoe to induce them to make some
concession to the needs of their neighbours.
There ere broader and firmer grounds of hope
than this, however. The question of the disposal
of our town sewage has the most direct
bearing on this modern difficulty. If
the Mapplin Sands can be made to sus-
tain as many milch cows as are now
promised, we shall see, by the effects of the sewage
of London, what may be hoped from that of the
aggregate towns of the kingdom. Milk-selling
must certainly be looked to for a large proportion
of the profit of the first attempts to dispose of town
sewage ; for the succulent grasses which are found
to answer beat at Edinburgh, Carlisle, Croydon,
and elsewhere, will be first tried where the experi-
ment is now. Under the circumstances, the old
Ihabit of a milk diet will probably revive—certainly
in the case of children--and not again to fall into
abeyance. Here, then, is an opening for some of
us who are willing to do our part against the
cholera. By helping to turn our sewage out of the
water, and on to the land, where it may create a
milk-supply for half-starved and ill-fed children,
we may attack the enemy on two sides. We may
get rid of a poison, and obtain good food instead.
Another hope lies in the direction which some
readers can hardly, from its novelty, believe io,
viz., the spread of ooeper►tive association in the
rural districts of the kingdom. These should re-
member that Mr. GURDON'S first experiment in
this line was instituted in 1832, and that be has
since extended it, delivering over more land to
new companies of co-operators, with admirable
success. They should know also that the rural la-
bourers in various counties are becoming more and
more eager to try their powers as co-operators
in the management of land ; so that we
are likely to see, in no long time, what they can
do. Meantime, one of the very first and
most important benefits that they derived was
always a good supply of excellent milk to their
families. It was much talked of that twenty, or
thirty, or forty families had been kept off the
rates, and that they had bacon and fine vegetables
when their neighbours had only dry bread ; but
perhaps they themselves felt more keenly thankful
that they could give the best of food to their in-
fants and growing boys and girls. It seems natural,
not only that co-operation in farming generally
should spread, but that as agricultural labourers
rise in quality and in fortunes, as they are
doing now, they should join in supplying them-
selves with what they want. Instead of the old-
fashioned cottager's cow, lean and half-starved in
the days of open commons and weedy lanes, we
may ere long see the sleek and well-tended milch-
cow, the pet of three or four cottage families, her
joint owners, who keep her very happy, while they
make her pay them well.
If anybody sees any other way of help-
ing his neighbours or the public to a due
milk supply, let him set about it—confi-
dent that if this one thing were rendered
possible, there would be an annual saving of ten or
more per cent. of infants under a year old, besides
a large proportion of those who die untimely
under the age of full growth. It is a much smaller
matter that, by the same means, those who now
fall first before the cholera would then be among
the last.

Cite Court.

OSBORNE, Juir 27,

The Lord Mayor of Dublin, accompanied by
Mr. Alderman Reynolds, attended at Osborne yesterday as
a deputation from the city of Dublin, with the Town Clerk,
and the Sword and Macs Bearers, to present an address to
the Queen ow the birth of the infect Prince.
The Right Hon. Sir George Grey also attended.
Her Majesty received the deputation in the Council-room.
The Queen was accompanied by Princess Helena, Prinoses
Louise, Prises Leopold, and Princes' Beatrice.
The Lord Mayor wee introduced, preceded by the Sword
' end Mace Bearers, and presented the address, to which her
Majesty having returned a gracious answer, the Lord Mayor
and Mr. Aldermas Reynolds were presented to the Queen
by Sir George Grey, and had the honour of kissing her
Majesty's baud.
The deputation thou retired.
Her Majesty wee attended by the Countess of Gainabo•
Tomb, the Hon. Emma ImsoaLles, Major•Geaernl the
Hon. A. Hood, and the Master of the Household.

The Judici►l Committee of the Privy Council eat yester-
day. Present—Lord Chet/Weed, and the Lords Jostles.
Knight Bruce and Terser.
Despatches were seat free the
to the Governor of ()triads.
The Right Hceenrable the Chancellor of the Exchequer
left tows yesterday for Rewarder Culls.

yrterday

Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess
of Wales will leave town early fa the ensuing week for
Germany, but the precise day for their departure is not yet
fixed. In all probability the Prince and Princess will meet
the Crown Prince aad Princess of Pruwia. Their royal
highnesses are expiated to be at Abergeldie on the 18th of
September.

The Karl and Countess of Derby will arrive in
tows to-day from Goodwood Park, sad to-morrow will larrir
for Snowyley Park, lAamahirr. .

A marriage has been arranged between the Hon.
Hallybortori Campbell, mond eon of the late Lord Camp•
bell and of the Baroness Stratheden, and Min Beras.•oed-

Hope, oldest daughter of Mr. Berseford.Hope, LP., and
Lady Mildred Berieford.liope.

Madame La Marquise de Label& and family and
eats bays left Canal& Rotel, Jermyn•nheet.

It was recently mentioned that the bodies of
Messrs. Hudson, Hadow, and Cron, the guide, were buried
node? the Matterhorn, because of their state, the danger
of the place, and the difficulty of the way to it. Since
then an order came from the Swiss government that they
' were to be brought down to Zermatt. This order we.
raeceted by a large party of guides They here rewired
Christian burial, sad their remains lie aloes to the Roman
catholic church at Zermatt. There was a large attendance

of Englishmen end guides at the funeral. many of whom
deeply arid eineerely mourned the deed. Mr. Wilson, who
fell on the Riffelhorn, and Moen. Hudson and Hulot/
were pbsed in one grave. We regret to state that no
trawl hare been found of the body of Lord Prowls Douglas.
_ _

The Literary and Philosophical Society held at
the Hartley Institate, Soathamptem, viaated Stomehenp,
ea Salisbury Piga, on Tuesday, to hear an address on the
date and origin of that tenuous monument by the Rey. E.
Kell, a learned diasanting preacher at Southampton. The
WRY, Arclueological Society purpose visiting Stonsimage is
&sector neat, whss a number of persons learned in the
study of cromlechs and other megalithic structures will, it
is expected. be present. It is intended that some exam-
ties* shall then be made et Storehouse to discover /spa-
ded remains.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. —MT. IL MM.
goal Whored on bitoreatiog tenure on prima in Um ono-
oil-room of the soden yonorday. ?ha Intim wooprotosoly
illostrotod with proosital enotimoott, sod it. melon
masts of tin whom's oat iron kW bon to the pabli•
*FL

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