The Express.
London, England, 1847-03-11 00:00:00

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

THIS DAY, Four o'clock.

Accounts from Bayonne to the Bth inst., state that
her Royal Highness Donna Anna de Jesus, Infanta
of Portugal, sister of Don Miguel, had passed through
that morning, from London, on her way to Ma-
drid, Cadiz, and Lisbon. It is supposed that she was
charged with a diplomatic mission to certain per-
images in the Spanish and Portuguese capitals. It
is added " that during her sojourn in London she had
several interviews with Don Miguel, and highly dis-
approved of his attempt to dispossess the Queen of
Portugal!" Her Royal Highness travelled incognito,
ander the title of Countess do Barullo.

The news from Lisbon by the Madrid comes up to
the 3d inst., at which date dispatches had been re-
ceived from Saldanha, announcing his arrival on the
Deere, and his intention to invest Oporto, as soon as
he was joined by the corps under Casal. It was
rumoured that this latter division was in a very
disorganised state. Two actions had taken place, in
both of which tho royal troops were partially suc-
cessful One band of insurgents was dispersed to the
north of Coimbra, with the loss of eleven men killed,
and another was repulsed at Estremoz, leaving twelve
of the number dead on the field. According to the
report of this latter affair received by General Schwal-
bach, the insurgents from Evora, about 1,000 strong,
made a dash at the town of Estremoz, on the 28th
ult., but having failed, with a loss of some men,
amongst whom was Colonel Martelli, they retired to
Veiros, on the road to Portalegre, with the intention
of renewing the attack, or of moving on towards
Portalegre to join the other insurgent force stationed
there. It was subsequently reported that they had
taken Estremoz, and that the Algarve force, 1,200
strong, under Joiti Esterao, was at Beja, on the 28th
ult., en route to Evora.
At Lisbon the greatest anxiety prevailed to learn
the confirmation or denial of the reported arrival of
Don Miguel in London ; and in the mean time Count
Mensdorff, Sir H. Seymour, and Col. Wy Ide, conjointly,
were endeavouring to persuade the queen to accept
British mediation for a pacific settlement. It was said
that Lord Palmerston was anxious for an accommo-

dation, but that the queen showed no disposition to
yield. The pecuniary difficulties of the government
were very great, and the discount on Bank of Lisbon
notes was still at 30 per cent. By the seizure
of the English brig Anne Paley, it was hoped to
augment the supplies in the royal treasury, but the
attempt failed. This vessel was bound to Oporto
with a general cargo, and bullion to the amount of
16,0001., belonging to different English merchants,
and having been warned off the bar by the blockading
squadron, she proceeded to Lisbon, where the govern-
ment authorities immediately seized the money, on
the plea that it was intended for the insurgents; but
a prompt demand from Sir H. Seymour had the desired
effect, and the vessel and cargo have been released.

Captain Bingham, the commander of the unfortunate
steamer Tiber, with his officers and crew, have arrived
at Southampton, from Oporto, in the Madrid. Capt.
Bingham reports that it was during the prevalence of
a very thick fog the ship struck oa a reef of rocks,
and that in leas than twenty minutes she parted amid-
ships, and became a total wreck. It is known that
the cook, a little Spanish boy, and the Spanish Gene-
ral Lecarte perished. Immediately the disaster was
known,her Majesty's ship Bloodhound was dispatched
to England with what small portion of the mail was
saved, as well as letters, papers, and dispatches to the
Peninsular and Oriental Company. So sudden
was the break-up of the vessel, that not a bit of
the passengers' luggage, or in fact, anything of con-
sequence, has been saved. The beach was strewed
for three or four miles with portions of the wreck,
stores, trunks, &c. ; and these were speeeily seized
upon by the natives and carried away. Captain Bing-
ham and some of the officers and passengers walked
to Oporto, after the wreck, and obtained a guard for
the protection of any property that might be saved,
but previous to their return to the scene of disaster,
almost everything had been plundered by the thieves
who crowded round the wreck in great numbers.
What little was secured was sold on the beach pre-
view to Captain Bingham's leaving. Captain Bing-
barn, the and crew, were treated with
great kinressentif3e,ritte merchants at Oporto. Had
not some fishermen put off in their boats to the
aseistance of the wreck, many more would have been
sacrificed ; as it was, a great many were obliged to
swim for their lives. Such was Capt. Bingham's
anxiety to save every one, if possible, that he was the
last person to leave the wreck, and he has lost the whole
of by wardrobe, and other effects. The Tiber was an
iron ship, built by Messrs. Tod and M'Gregor, in
1848, expressly for the Italian line. She was a re-
markably fast and very handsome boat, of 800 tons,
fitted with two engines of 280 horse-power. She has
only mode three voyages to (Gibraltar), and in the
last was commanded by Capt. Bingham, who suc-
ceeded Capt. Russell, now in the Erin.

ELECTORAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
iss z
ai tua
The geographitime as cal position of this county, its happy
tion for mari well as inland trade, the facilities
agurfiel by the equal distribution of its streams and the
abundance of its road-making mxterials to water a. well as
land traffic, seem to have been fully appreciated from a
period of remote antiquity. There are constantly exhumed,
to Pager, sufficient evidences of Roman establishments to
show that those invaders must have had much favour for a
locality where they had accumulated so many of the
luxurious appliances of social life. The preference evinced
for it by our Saxon animators, after them, must have been
confirmed by the sagacity of the Norman rulers who din.
Placed their native pprruunoeesa . Throughout the county our
attention is still challenged by customs sod institutions
derived from the one, and charters granted or confirmed by
thi other. The area, indeed, in which these occur is • very
luffn one for in its greatest length and breadth. Reser may
be Stan d at 60 miles by .50. But if we consider that this
mterfiries of some 1,2.50,000 acres includes at least 00,000
which let remain forest and ancient wool'anill, like those

d 110161.414 Monk ; w presort arises at dir
esuory, as as lbw are, beams tat men signienatt4 of the
wins of tbe isearksl dairies. Its 111 Sri(
resmatlf re-distributed into 14 Is la
and one Royalty) ; 416 parishes its 3 411118315 a,
Climbeeter, and Rawieb, still returning en& ars mambas
Iss ismilammint, and its 21 saarket-towns mak * air pre-
ser3ol -•-•shesi are so. many prisurpelor se the
essairs tram old time, for cresting the first
eiamnial amid wealth and program. Similar considers-
Vans amid stool great importanos to Essex in our existing
whin
is re sa... mismismry presentation. Is it just to its
rims ?

Ile emetereeeee, rd the probable growth of that eon
legume. N the Met of our "Easterling" trade, as well
as of a grMealFe uplealture, were not unperceived, we
may frees, eie Iratg ago as the 32 of Henry VI. For
no less • PlVlNeign OM Thorp, one of the Barons of
Exchequer, then repemensted the county, and was chosen by
the Commons for Ptelrepeeker. Against this Sir Thomas
Thorp, during a " parliamentary recess " (as we should now
phrase it), en action was brought for temper by the Duke
of York, who obtained • judgment against him in 1,0001.
damages, and took him in execution under the same. Here.
upon the Commons presented • " petition" to the King,
and (prohpedor), to the Lords, for Mr. Speaker's enlarge-
ment. But they could not have taken lees by their motion,
had the defendant been merely • sheriff of London end
Middlesex, or the audacious plaintiff of no higher rank or
importaime than Stockdele, the publisher, or his attorney.
The Duke of York, having submitted his own statement of
the cue to the Lords, that grave meembly promptly con-
sidered the matter, and, with the King, resolved " That
Thorpe should not be discharged." Very cwt-fallen, end
with a lack of spirit happily unintelligible in these days, the
Commons retired, and elected another speaker! An alter.
native never thought of in our days of" privilege" polemics !
A strict imprisonment closed, too probably, by • violent
death in the Tower of London was the return the foolish
hang experienced for his complacent subserviency, or his
instinctive support of tyranny in his palace of Westminster.
Bat • deohmaerj resolution long afterwerds (I Henry VII.),
entered by the Omentene en their journals, that this outrage
on their ladependeesee was • scandalous " grievance,.
hardly sakes In the judgment of posterity te efface the
insult they had submitted- to, sr to vindicate the sacred
rights which they were bound to protect se • delegated
trust—not from the Crown—mill lees hem the aristocracy ; 1
hut, simply and directly, from the people. Now If, in the
Ist of Henry VII., the infant Hercules of parliamentary
prerogative thus geapplei with in, farflidalii• anteraistarn
its Eyes teed* " the might that slumbered on its
during a loge adolescence, seems to have been " awakened,"
in the sense cradle, under the reign of the Stuart dynasty.
Its voice was silent under the Tudors. In the parliaments
of the First Charles it made itself heard and respected. In
the Long Parliament, and under the parliament convened,
intimidated, and dismissed by the iron Lord Protector of the
Commonwealth, it expressed itself in terms of open
dissatisfaction, as we learn both from " Goddard's Diary,"
and Burton's history of those amemblies. Estee bore its
part in the occasional protests which the Commen entered
against the policy ani proceedings of the courts of Charles 11.
and James 11., and was not slow to enforce the strict ob-
servance of the deeding orders and statutes against undue
election', which might be once more invoked with sumer
as the crisis of the revolution developed itself. Had all
parties in that " glorious revolution " been its honest par-
tizans, there ought to have existed very little ground for this
solicitude. But it is too n.torious, from the revelations of
the Stuart papers, the later portion of " Pepys' Correspond-
ence," the ' Memoirs and Epistolary Remains of the Duke
of Shrewsbury," the Harley, Bolingbroke, and Walpole
papers, and the eremite which M.Michelet has published from
the archives of the Foreign Ministry Department of France
under Louis XIV., that members were returned to our
convention parliament end to that which succeeded it, under
violations of all constitutional principle, and at an expense
of moral profligacy that should have extinguished for ever,
by the detection of their enormities, the public career of
some, the most vehement advocates in their day, of strict
purity and constitutional integrity. At the period of the
abdication of James 11. it is evident, on contemporary eri
dente, such as we may
,gather from " Pepys' Diary," the
" Ellis Correspondence. Dudley North's Letters," and
other gosemping and anecdotal collections, that the country
party was badly and even ably, testingits own strength. In this
party Essex was& constituent by no means to be undervalued.
From the first years of the Commonwealth it had been a
favourite retreat of men still engaged in, and men re-
tiring from, active business. -It was the home of
modest fortunes, the retreat of larger ones. At an easy
distance from the capital, it had the advantage also
ta those unquiet days which ensued on the suspension
and the restoration of the monarchy, of offering ready escape
to or access from the continent by way of Holland,—then,
the ark and asylum of all political opinions and of their
! professors. But the capital which so compromised the
position of its owner, made it expedient to minister " beyond
seas " seems to have had a peculiar tendency to fix itself
hers. A numerous body of nobility, landed gentry, and old
mercantile families scattered over the county, rebuilt, or
• adorned the stately mansion!, or derived the inheritances
which are still held by the ennobled families of Petro,
Braybrooke, Rayleigh, Verulem, &c., sr the descendents or
namesake, of the Smythe, Smith, Abdy, Tyrrell, Pelly (all
baronets), Houblon, Honey-wood, Harvey, Maitland, Con-
yers, Mildmay, Disney, 'Tower, Worth, Round, Mays,
Marsh, Bullock, Bagshawe, and the descendants of the
Tylneys, with many others.
The parliamentary history of Essex reaches (limiting it to
extant rolls and muniments only) to the 23d Edw. I. But to
return to the era on which we have before treated, we find,
in 1888, a Mr. Hoteywood, with other gentlemen of the
county, complaining, by petition of an undue return for
Essex, in the ease of a Mr. Worth. But the Commons
affirmed this election in the usual form. In the same year
Sir Anthony Abdy and Sir Eliab Harvey, Knights, yeti-
, boned twice against the return of Henry Mildmay, Esq.
and Sir Francis Maehein, " by reason of divers illegal prac-
tices exercised" by those eindsciates, in conjunction with the
same Mr. Honeywood, petitioner in the former case, "and the
sheriff of said county of Emex." The report on this petition
' does out appear. In January, 160'2, Sir Eliab Harvey again
petitioned against the return of Mr. Honey wood and a com-
mit teeof the house, by three resolutions, declared" That Mr.
Honey wood had not been duly elected for thiscounty : that Sir
Midi Harvey had not been duly elected ; that the election was
a void one." But on these resolutions being put from the
chair, the first (on a second reading) was disagreed to ; the
others passed. (It is remarkable that the gravamen of Sir
E. Harvey's objections to this return, in 1692, was the same
that we find in petitions against returns for Essex just before
the pawing of the Reform Bill ; that the sheriff had prems,
turely closed the poll to the exclusion of many of petitioner's
votes.) This election feud seems to have demanded, after
the fashion of country gentlemen, to the BOW and heirs of
the last litigants. In June, 1715, Mr. Robert Honeywood
, petitioned against the return of William Harvey, Esq.
At the previous election the polling had closed thus :
For Mr. Harvey, 2541;, for Mr. Honeywood, 2,617; re-
turned majority for Harvey, 21. But petitioner's counsel
having produced evidence in objection to 251 of the
sitting members' votes, succeeded in disqualifying. before the
committee, 142. On the other hand, sitting members' coun-
sel made Rood their challenge of 112 of Honeywood's votes
out of 261. Of course Mr. Harvey was found not duly
elected, and Mr. Honeywood was seated. The next bail
contest of which we have any accurate records, eventuated
in this way. In 1768 the candidates elected were Mr.
Luther, 2,887 ; Sir W. Maynard, Bart., 2,597. Mr. Haub-
lon and Mr. Harvey were rejected ; the one, however, poll-
ing 2,021, the other 1,778 votes. This was the most
expensive contest which, up to that time, had ever
been sustained in Essex. The ruinous scale of its
election contrite between 60 and 70 year* after-
wards, was not then dreamed of. At the general election
of 1812, Mr. Montagu Burgoyne, the candidate professing
the most liberal opinions, was rejected, after polling only 339.
Mr. Western, a thorough Whig partizan, had 1,351 votes;
Mr. Romblon, a T0ry,1,417 ; Houblon and Western returned.
In the election of 1830, occasioned by the death of one of the
two sitting members,—of the two Tory candidates Mr.
Bramston was returned by 1,840 votes ; Mr. Conyers the
other Tory, recorded only 661. At another (general)
election, some year, the representation of Essex was neu-
Utilized by the rotten of a Conservative with a Whig:
namely, Sir John Tyrrell (2,637 votes) and Mr. Western
(2,566); whilst Mr. Long Wellesley, although receiving the
enormous number of 1,638 plumper, had a gross poll of only
2,301. It must be admitted that, notwithstanding has
defeat, this was an extraordinary amount of whole votes;
mainly to be attributed, perhaps, to the immense
possessions he then held in the county. There were 6,318
actual voters on this poll. In 1831, the excitement on behalf
of parliamentary reform and liberal opinions returned two
Whig* for Baez ; Mr. Western polling 2,387, and Mr. Long
Wellesley, 2,250 ; whilst Sir J. Tyrrell had only 1,707 votes
(including 1,518 plumper's). In 1832, the county haying
been divided by the new set, for electioneering purposes,
into • north and a south section, • political influence became
predominant in it which the electors either are indiaposed or
usable to escape from. The virtual operation of the Reform
Bill on the freeholders of Essex has ever since been to seeure
a decided preference for conservative representraivee of each
section. One or both of two causes may be assigned for
this. I. The fact that the conservative cause has during the
last fifteen years been largely consolidating its influence
by extensive purchases of landed property in the
county. 2. That the county constituency have, for some
time past, exhibited a lamentable apathy about the condition
of their registry. At the election for the Northern Division
in 1832, Sr J. Tyrrell polled 2,448, and Mr. Alexander
Baring, 2,280, both of these (Conservatives) returned, Mr.
Western, 2,244, thrown out, and the other Whig candidate,
Mr. Brenda, only 1,840. The registered electors were 6,142 ;
the actual voters, 4,513. At the general election of 183.5, the
number of registered voters having increased to 5,351, Tyrrell
an 1 Baring were again returned, without a contain. In
April, 1835, Mr. Baring having been: created a peer, an elec-
tion to supply this vacancy took place, when Mr. J. Payne
Ebors, the Conservative candidate, was returned by 2,406
votes ; Mr. Sidney, • Whig, rejected, after polling 1,367.
The actual voters were only 3,760 in all, so that 1,583 of the
constituency did not vote. In 1837, the present Conservative
members, Sir John Tyrrell and Mr. Round were returned
without opposition. So were they again in 1841 ; the re-
gistered electors in the former year being 5,833; in the
latter, 5,810. (Is the month of May, 1848, they were re-
ported to parliament at 5,366 ; a decrease since 1841 of 444
county electors.)
The elections for the southern division of this county give
nearly the same results. The division of the county did,
indeed, in 1832, return one Whig, Sir T. B. Lennard, who
polled 1538 votes, together with Mr. Hall Dare, • Conserva-
tive, whe had 2,088. Mr. Long Wellesley, the other Whig
candidate (defeated),_ polled 1,432 : —Registered eaten,
4,488; actual ditto, 3,592. At the general election of 1836,
the two Conservative candidates were returned, Mr. Hall
Dare by 2,282 votes, Mr. Bramston by 2,188. Mr. Bramfill
(a Whig), though defeated on • groat poll of 1,010, received
more than five times as many whole votes (810) as his two
antagonists together. The " split votes," in this instance,
may show the electors what a suicidal impediment
to the advancement of enlightened commercial, agri-

cultural, and economic legislation they are voluntarily
creating by their constant adhesion to the advocated
of an exploded " protection" policy. For Dare and
Bramaton, 1,989; Dare and Bramfill, 128: Bramfill and
Bramaton, 72. But the Ease: election of 1836, occasioned by
the decease of Mr. Dare, was still more illustrative in its de-
tails.
Mr. George Palmer, the new candidate, a Conserve-
tire, was returned, in the room of Mr. Dare, by '2,103 votes,
against 1,627 for the Whig, Mr. Bramfill. Again, in 1837,
Mr. Brutal, with no better fortune, polled only 1,560 votes,
Mr. Bramaton and Mr. George Palmer were returned, poll-
ing,
resproduly, 2,510 and 2,260. But whereas these latter
received only, the one 143, the other 53, whole votes, Mr.
Bramtill had 1,330, being considerably more than one-third
of the whole number of actual voters. Split votes be-
tween Bramaton and Palmer, 2,178; Branton and
Bramfill, 190; Palmer and Bram6ll, 29. At the
last election of 1841, Bramston and Palmer were
again returned Bramston, 3,310; Palmer, 2,230; Mr. All-
ston, the Whig candidate, polled but 583. The registered
electors bad increased to 6,670; the voters who actually
polled were 4,679 only. In May, 1840, the number of the
registered had again decreased to 5,366. We must infer
from these statistics that the smaller freeholders of Ewes,
hitherto, have not done their duty. And why not ? They
are in a better condition to discharge it than most of the
county constituencies. From the number and situation of
their chartered towns, all kinds of agricultural produce,
farming stock, and each coarse manufactures as the county
produces find a ready market at all times. The introduction
of raj:re:ads has supplied them with numerous points
of rapid communication both with the metropolis and
the eastern coast, between which they occupy a
middle position eminently advantageous to their own ia-
! dostry and enterprise. With all these natural and teal
Iheilities around them, this eonetit ought to set an'
example of NU maddening gad oug
ht
the, -Air I
metropolitan' counties. But the whole toner of election
returns, through which we have thus travelled, goes to
show, on the part of a majority of Eases freeholders since
the passing of the Reform Bill, a tame abandonment of the
most important rights which British subjects can exercise,
and a disregard of the moat sacred trust which the eresent
generation can beqneath to its suctu-ors. The slow
advance of the county electoral regirtrv, the unpardonable
disproportion between the electors registered and the actual
voters, and the sort o' stereotyped return by which each
division sends, as matter of coon., two Conservatives into
the Rouse of Commons at every election for the shire:
these are so many infallible signs, we fear, of a growing
indifference to, or inaptitude for, the noble functions which
the constitution has placed in their hand.. We put it to the
electors of Ewes, in 1847, to vindicate themselves from
the reproach of having " sold the birthright " conferred on
them in 1872, fir considerations not more lofty or respect-
able than those which sealed the fate of the boroughs
entombed in " schedule A."

POOR LAW LETTERS.—No. V.—LABoua TEsr,
Sth,—The 43rd of Elizabeth directs the overseers
of every wish to " take order," and to " provide a conve-
nient stock" for setting the poor to work. These words im.
ply a difficulty fully in view of the authors of the statute.
It was not a thing done as saes as said. All depended then,
as now, upon the order taken or system adopted by the
managers for the parish.
The difficulty, says political economy, lies in the unprofit-
ableness of pauper labour. The difficulty, says experience,
lies much more in the unwillingness of short-sighted thrift
to " take order" about anything that does not immediately
pay in cash. When there is a will there is a way. It is the
true interest of all dames that the poor should be employed,
and therefore that when private employment fails, public
employment should be given, which public employment we
call a labour test, as opposed to the workhouse. To
the safe working of such labour test two conditions
see indispensable : first, that we tempt no inde-
pendent labonrar from his ordinary occupations ; and,
second, that we help no private employer to cheaper
labour than be could get in the open market. The problem
is confessedly one of the hardest. First, how to keep down
the temptation. If there were a fixed minimum of wages
in the market, the pariah would have only to fix it: maximum
a little below that; but it is impossible to say that there is
any minimum for the weakest or worst labourer. They take
what they can get ; but when the pariah takes them up then
expect to have enough to live upon. and no public or charit-
able minimum can bo fixed below that. Some, therefore,
who now do earn a pittance might be drawn to the parish,
but not more than are forced by the like necessity into the
workhouse. And when in slack times the weakest and worst
men are taken off the farmer's hands, the independent
labourers are bettered by it, and perhaps the rate-payers are
no won*.
But money is the main temptation to fraud, as it is the
main excitement to industry. Parish wages, therefore, ahould
be as little as possible, if at all, in money, but chiefly, if not
wholly, in provisions, and no drink. Pauper labour would
then be strongly distinguished from free; and the works
should also be kept carefully distinct. The parish must do
no man's private business for him, no roundsmen, no rates
in aid. That principle was enough to vitiate the whole ad-
ministration of the South of England. It pauperised the
mind of both labourers and rate-payers, and put all the
relations of muter and servant out of truth. There
is confessedly no limit to the run upon a public
fund, if not fenced by stern testa and condati roe.
The best conceis able test is, low-paid labour;
since, if accepted, it not only relieves the poor IVA
keeps them out of mischief, but makes them return some
thing to the public stock. The outdoor works sh.iuld he,
if not directly prninctive, yet of a useful or necessary kind,
of which there are sheave some in every district that are
nobody's business in parti-ular. The surveyors might em-
ploy none but parish labourers upon the high-ways, the
cleansing of towns and villages, and draining of waste
swamps, so material to the welfare of the poor themselves,
if they only knew it. Whatever, in any parish, would be
conducive to public health, recreation, or convenience, might
be undertaken by the overseers of the abk-bodied poor.
In truth, the real difficulty is not to find work, but to are
it done. If this could be secured, there would be little
danger of an inundation of pauper labour, and we should
then have a better measure of the real amount of our su-
pine population than we bate ever yet had.
The organisation of an effectual labour-test, and of the
due stewardship of it, will require some new and special
machinery. The theorist cannot lay down a finished plan of
this in his closet, nor perhaps the best practical head, in the
marketplace, till after some trials and some Itslures. But
England is not Ireland. The genius of England is emi-
nently practical when once it is turned into a right direction,
and in this ease the thoughts of all men, from the overseer
to the justice, and from the justice to the prime minister,
should be intent upon how to turn the labour of the poor to
account, instead of bow to suppress and abolish it.
Under the best devised system there will be some who
will not work even for bread, and penal teats can never he
dispensed with. "If any man will not work neither shall
he eat." Upon the authority of this law of Scripture, and of
nature, let the gurirdiens refuse all relief, in or out, to such
a claimant. Leave him to consequences, and, among them,
to the gaol and the treadmill, if he turns a " valiant bergar,"
These are the principles of the 43rd of Elizabeth, and
principles of reason in all times. Let not the difficulties
appal us. The practical genius of England, we Ray again,
is eminent among the nations. England can pierce the
mountain., and bridge the oceans, by legions of human
hands skilfully combined and directed. England can or-
go.nise and govern her fleets and her armies, and be victor
on every field. But, greater far than this. England can
colonise the world ; can subdue barbarous nations by peace-
ful acts, by friendly commerce, impartial limes, and the gos-
pel of the poor ; and make her name respected, her protec-
tion craved, and her honour relied upon in the remotest
cornea of an empire on which the sun sets not. And shall
England forget or abandon the government of her home
' population ; the protection, nurture, and guidance of those
industrious multitudes who are the creators of all her pros-
perity ? We will not believe it ; we will Iselin that em-
ployment can be found as long ss bread can be found ; that
employment will
increase bread ; save gaols and balks; turn
schools into washed and clothed ones ; and pay better
iii e end than the best of King Hudson's lines.
Trusting, sir, that your patience will endure some words
more upon settlements, rates, and the doctrine of population,
I rest, your troublesome servant, TRI HUN CC

PRUSSIAN EXPEDITION TO CHINA.—The Rhenish
Observer mention, a report that the Society of Maritime
Commerce, of Berlin, intends to send a commercial expedi-
tion, consisting of several ,excels, to Chine, and that it is to
be accompanied by a government agent, charged to open di-
plomatic relation, and establish consulates. It is added that
the King of Prussia has given 1.000 thalers (nearly 1,0000,
towards sending two religious missionariet to China.
EXEMPTION OF CORN-LADEN VESSELS FROM DUES
Lr Teseax Pollll3.—Tusoan Consulate, London, March 0.-
Bir,—ln sequel of my communication to you of the Bth
January last, I have now the honour to acquaint you that I
have just received from his Excellency the Governor of
Leghorn copies of two no'ifications issued on the 23rd of
last month, by the Tuscan government, excepting all vessels,
of whatever nation, laden with grain, pulse, or flour, and
arriving in Leghorn or any other Tuscan port between the
Ist instant and the 30th of June next, from the payment of
any other than the anchorage dna, to be levied on and
after the Ist instant, by virtue of the former notification of
the 27th October last.—(Signed) JAI. C. C. BELL.—To W.
Dodson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's.
THE POTATO.--Two near neighbours, farmers or
gardeners, holding land at Shields, had opposite luck with
their potatoes. One, who bad used sea-weed with his stable-
yard manure, lost hardly a single potato. The other, who used
stable-yard manure without seaweed, lost almost every
potato on his farm. Salt has been mentioned as a preventive
of the disease, and our story seems favourable to its 'Meaty.
—Gateshead Observer. •
FRANCATELLI'S SOUPS FOR THE POOR.--FISH SOUP
FOR A FAMILY OF TIN PIRIIONA, APPLICABLE ON THE Elea
COAST, AND WIRILEVEII Fion is CRIAP —Place a sauce-
pan. containing eight pints of water, on the fire; when the
water boil throw in four middle sized onions, chopped fine,
and after allowing these to bil for five minute., then add
111 h. of common flour, or any other kind of meal (diluted
with a pint f cold water, stirring the while with a stick or
spoon). When thoroughly mined, throw in the figh, cut up
to rather mull given; season with two ounce. of grated or
sliced common cheese, pepper and to taste ; allow the