The Express.
London, England, 1851-02-15 00:00:00

TPHUN FILTERS.

Several specimens, more or les-ornamental, of the syphon
filters recently invented by Mr. Bird, of Birminigham, will
have places in the Exhibition. The action of all filters is
nearly the mime. The object to b• attained is to :distract
the small particles of matter which are mechanically sus-
pended in water, and this is done by rousing the
water to pass through strainers of different materials,
of various degrees of fineness. The action is alto-
gether mechanical whether the materials employed 44
strainers be sand, powdered charcoal, or, as in the case of
Mr. Bird's filter, pulverised quartz. They are generally
arranged in layers of varying degrees of coarseness, from
the size of small gravel to that of the finest sand. If the
finer layers he ton thin, the water will not be sufficiently
clarified; if too thick, the action of the filter will be slow.
'1 he rapidity of action, however, depends in a great mea-
sure rat the pressure of water. la filters of the ordinary
construction the pressure is nut greater than • few
inches, and it is continually diminishing us the water flows
through. The peculiar advantages of Mr. Bird's filter are
its portability, and the attainment of almost any pressure
of water. In shape it is like an elongated bell, being only '
four Mille, in diameter and seven inches high. Into the
top there is inserted a flexible metal tube, to which a stop-
rock is fixed, near the end. This vessel is filled with the
filtering material, and w lien required to be used must be
plated inverted in the water to be purified, with the tube
hanging down on the outside. When the air is withdrawn
front the pipe the water flows down it by syphonie action,
and is forced to rise through the body of the filter. The
pressure will be proportioned to the length of the pipe
below the level of the filter, and Wright, with little incon-
venience, be increased to the amount of fifteen pounds to
the square inch, by placing the ceased in a cistern or bucket
near the app of the house. At a much less pressure than
this, however, it will purify one hundred gallons of water a
day. When we saw it in action, very muddy water was
rendered brilliantly clear, and flowed in a small stream,
with a pressure of not more than a Not.

• -•-
The science of meteorology lets derived immense
advantages from the invention of self-registering instru-
ments, by means of a hich the variations that occur during
every moment of the day and night may be correctly retries
tend. without the nos-teisity of having attendants constantly
watching. Some very ingenious instruments of this kind,
which have been tested by use in the Itoyal Observa-
tory, at Greenwich, will he exhibit, d by Charles Bnoke, PROS PATH.
of Kooppel-street, their inventor. 'The variation, in P. Imprie: Circular 100-table, 4 feet 3 inches in diameter,
the declination und dip of the magnetic needle, the with stand and clews, formed out of the rout of a Larch
variations of temperature, and of the state of mois- tree, which had been dug from the lands of Sir WA.
tare of the air, and the variation. of atmospheric lions Drummond Stewart, at Murthly Castle. Frew the
pressure may by these means he correctly registered with- series of circular veins which mark the growth, it ',amid
out any trouble, and after the lapse of several hours the appear to have been between forty and fifty yearn old, and
observer, on going to the instrumeitte. finds recorded on of the true nal pine species. The slab is composed of hour
paper all the changes that have taken place during his ala pieces only, all of the same section of the wood so that the
pence. Photography is the operating agent in thew re- veins correspond and connect together so naturally that the
cords, and its applieation for this !miaow affords a striking whole looks us of one entire surface.
illustration of the influence which discoveries in one branch PROS DEISH T.
of science have in advancing others with which they would Messrs. Wosullatt and Co.: An ornamental bracket, emu-
seem at first to have little connection. The art or taking posed of the fruits and flowers of autumn, 15 inches by 31),
Portraits and views by the agency of light hss apparently and wail carved by a person employed in the establishment,
no connection whatever with the science of meteorology, or the name et it„gs...,„„
yet it has proved a mast valuable assistant in me. ISOM LANCASTER.
tereological obeervatims, by presenting the means John Brayshaw, journeyman tailor: A specimen of
of obtaining correct maidens of the changes that are eon- needlework. The piece ut work roneists of an ornamental
tinually occurring. In the instruments invented hr Mr. quilt, 12 feet by 10 feet, and representing various pie-
Denote, the application of photography to record the rise turesque scenes and subjects, grouped in a number of
and fall of the mercury in the thermometer, affords the squares, and wrought with the needle from small pieces of
clearest illustration of the mode of operation. A plate of cloth. Many of the representations are copies of sonic of
metal, in which there is a very narrow slot, is placed over the choicest preiductions of George Morhuid, the centre piece
the tube of the thermometer in such ama T that the rasa- eehibiting a figure uf Britannia ruling the waves. Each
curt' completely olatruete the poutio• of the light so far as square, of which there are 43, exhibits a different subject,
it ranges ; hut the light posies through the upper part of and contains a hundred pieces of cloth of various colours.
the slot. At the hack of the tube then, is a vertical eylin- The corner, of the counterpane are filled up with the
der, which revolves by clock-work once in twenty-four national emblems, and the borders are teased mold with
hours. This cylinder is covered with photographic paper, scroll work. 'the leisure-hours of ten years have been
which is kept moist by a glass cover. As the eylin- engaged by the artist in its production.
der slowly revolves, all the upper part of the vault JO till sg.o.
paper, were the light passes is darkened, and the lower Hiram Younge, Bailey-lane Works A file. The immen-
part, being protected from the action of light by the mer- say of its size hi n• t more striking than the elaboration and
,nry, remains white. Thus if there were 00 change in the minuteness of the workmanship. The length is 54 inches,
temperature the division between the dark and the light breadth 31 inches, thickness j of an inch, weight 25ibs.
parts of the paper would present a straight horizontal line. With some small exceptions, the whole surface is entered
If the mercury fall by diminished temperature, then a large with ornamental designs, ad cut by hood with hammer and
space is (speed to the light, and if it rise the dark portion chisel, in a style which for artistic beauty is truly astonish-
of the paper is diminished; thus the mercury, by acting as lug. The tango are sunk by tiling, and are ornamented on
• screen from the light, serves to indicate on the paper the one side with the national arms and the words " God save
heights to which it has risen and fallen during the revo- the Queen," on a shield; a front view of the Cutler's-hall on
lotion of the cylinder. During the, night the photo- the other, with the motto " Pour parvenir a Bonne foy."
graphic effect is produced by the rays of a lamp The other tang represents Atlas bearing the globe, with
reflected on the tube. Mr. Brooker . instruments two lions eouchant loeneath are the Sheffield arms, and a
for registering the variations of the magnetic needle are cornucopia on each side. On the reverse side appear the
somewhat more complicated, hut they are equally effective, cutlers arms with the emblems of industry—beehives and
and depend on the same principle. The apparatus is kept bees an the wing—un each side. On the moulding these
in the dark, and the rays of a lamp are concentrated by a words appear:—. Cut, designed, and executed by Iliram
concave mirror on to a horizontal cylinder, covered with pho- Younge, a member of the Sheffield tile trade." The centre or
tographie paper, and protected Crow evaporation by a glass. body of the the is ornamented on uue side with an accurate,
The small marrow is attached to the magnet the declination full-length view of the Great l'alace of Industry, in per-
"( which is to be recorded, and, when :iny deviation takes &motive, forming an elegant and spirited sketch. The re-
place, the small Manse of the hunt', reflected to a focus on verse side is oewupied by a beautiful view of that imposing
the cylinder, assumes a position more or lens westerly, in structure, the Sheffield Infirmary; while on the end,
consequence of the inclination given to the mirror by the between the centre and the tang*, arc four
deflection of the noodle. The register is in this ewe made illustrating the processes of file manufacturing.
by lines drawn on the paper by the photographic agency of Witham Oliver: A case of miniature cutlery. In the front
the concentrated flame. There will be four of these instru- part of the ease, secured from the action of the atmosphere
ments sent to the Exhibition, to integrate the different ale by a glass covering, there are 40 pieces of cutlery, knives
islientione of this plan of automatic registry of meterological and forks, and spring knives, made from the solid, and ivory
phenomena. halted. The smallest pair is under three-eighths of an inch
TRIPS INO MACH IN TA, SODS WATER APPARATUS &C. over all (from the extreme of the haft to the point of the
A large amount of spice on flour, counter, and wall, has blade,) and can be put into the tube of an ordinary tobacco
been allotted to Mr. Musters, of Regent-street, for the exhi- pipe. The sizes increase gradually up to four inches over
titian of various woeful and ingenious articles, some of all. Ali these have been made by Mr. Oliver, some of them TROY SOUTH AUSTItA LTA.
which involve the practical application of interesting scion- 20 years back, and have cost au immense amount of labour. The directors of the South Australian Mining Association
tifie principles. Various modifications of freezing machines In the same compartment are a knife and fork of the old having deterniined on sending specitriens of ores to the
will occupy a considerable portion of the space. The ad- Yorkshire round-point style, five inches over-all. On the Exhibition, collected their specimens, and arranged them
vantage of these machines consists in the convenient sr- right hand side of the nunieture ease is a specimen of the fur exhibition at Adelaide in August last, before despatch-
rangement by which the operation of frigorific mixtures is knives and forks manufactured 100 years ago--a green ivory lug them by the Will Watch. About twelve hundred
brought to hear on the substances to be frozen. so that they China-headed round-point knife, and spoun-shank fork. people visited the local exhibition. The specimens eon-
may be used with very little trouble and with the greatest On the left-hapd side is is spec. on of table cutlery mane. ousted of blocks of the richest red oxides, blue carbonates,
effect. The preparation intended to be converted into ice is Lectured fifty years ago—the knife round-point, and fork malachites, &e., from the various shafts of different depths.
put into a white metal cylinder that is placed on a pivot, to straight prong, turned bolsters, and silver pistol-hafted, A block of red oxide, studded with native copper, and pre.
which a rapid rotary motion may be given by a handle. The top part of the case is occupied by some specimens of aentiug also malachite and blue and green crystals. Severe'
Outside that vessel there is a space to hold the freezing carving knives in the newest design. the first is a St of pieces of ornamental malachite, rough and polished. Two
mixture, and on the exterior of that there is a hollow game carvers, knife, fork, and steel, in fawn's feet, mounted blocks of red oxide from different levels on Ayers' shaft,
c)•linder, to hold pure water. The operation of freezing in and shod in silver. The fork is a diamond-cut shank and that from the 40-futhum weighing about 2 cwt. 63 per cent.
this, machine depends on the expansion of the substances scope prong,. In the centre of the blade, in gold letters, produce, and that from the 30-fathom nearly 8 cwt. 44 per
employed as freezing materials during combination, for all surrounded by a scroll, is the word "game," designed and cent. Several specimens of red oxide from a lode recently
bodies when expanding absorb heat, and make those from executed by
.Mr. Skinner, on his new method. Above discovered in Stocks' shaft, of very high produce, estimated
which the heat is abstracted, feel cold. Those substances those is a pair of venison careers set in elephant's tusks, at 70 per cent. A block of blue carbonate, named the
which' on being mixed expand the most, absorb the the smallest ever known to have been imported into Shea-- punch-bowl, having a diameter of '2 feet 6 inches by 1 foot
greatest amount of heat, consequently their frigorific field. The tusks are respectively 8, 9. and 10 inches in 9 inches, and weighing between 2 cwt. snot 3 cwt. The
effects are the greatest. The sensation of cold pro- length. The blade of the carver is 16 inches in length, and natural hollow in the centre is studded with the most bril-
duecd in this manner may be readily experienced by Jones's patent. In the centre of the blade, IS gold letters, liant crystals of different shades. Specimens of native virgin
putting a few crystals of common soda into a phial ton- is the word '• venison," enclosed in scroll work, also exe- copper, in lumps weighing from two to six ounces. The
tanning water and then shaking the bottle, when the change cuted by Mr. Skinner. In all there are fifty pieces of cutlery ingot copper, smelted by Meters. Walters, at Kooringa, the
of state of the soda from a crystal into a liquid during solos- enclosed in a mahogany caw. assay of which shows a purity of 99.90 per cent. A lung roll
ties will abstract heat from the hand, and the bottle will Titus WOOLWICH. of malleable ribbon copper, from thecargo of the Harpooner.
feel much colder than when the water alone is shaken. The Rev. Wm. Mitchell: A peculiar kind of coal.— Three boxes of the earth in which the lodes are situated.
This effect will be still more perceptible if a metallic vessel Having found, by numerous experiments, by the process of Samples of groin and olive oil; the oil produced from trees
be employed. A moisture of sulphate of soda (Glauber's turning and application of friction, that coal could stand of seven years' growth.
sake) and diluted sulphuric acid pal of vitriol) will came a almost any degree of force, Mr. Michell has had several TROY vita IJNITTD STATES.—(TURTHER LIST.)
reduction of temperature equal to 47 degrees of Flatten- pieces converted into different articles, such as snuffboxes, Errs Whitmore, Jun., railway horse-power and straw•
beit's thermometer; therefore, by such a mixture, water at ae. Mr. Mitchell intends to forward, amongst several cutter; Rev. Y. Thompson, Vermont wool ; James COok,
a temperature of 70 degrees may be nduced to 9 degrees other useful mentions and discoveries, specimens of the Burlington mill cloths; Miss Mary Williams, Vermont
below the freezing point. There are other frigorific mixtures coal in its natural state, along with the manufactured arti- autumn leaves • Edward Parmenter, bird's-eye maple
much more effective, hut the twat available in practice are ales in different stages of finish, to the Great Exhibition. veneers; Leonard Dean, maple sugar; William Barnes,
the cheapest and the most convenient in use. In all cases The carbonic mineral takes on a polish so lustrous and maple sugar; John Cain, slate pencils; Miss C. P. Peck,
the more rapidly the combination of the substances takes beautiful as to vie with that of alabaster or marble. It silk host; Mrs. John S. Pearce, silk handkerchiefs and
place, the greater is their frit/orate efft et, and in the freezing has been ascertained that it can be fitted into tine lobby or black and white marble ; Vdney H. l'enniman, lime ;
machines of Mr. Masters the operation is expedited by the bed-room tables of a deep and rich polish. A specimen of Henry W. Catlin' flour; James It. Benjamin, brass spring
rotary motion, so that in a few minutes an ice ready for the the coal, and five snuff-boxes made from it, have been sub- trusses; Elijah M'Lenan, American polish; Franklin 0.
table may be produced. The rotary motion is also made to mitted to the Scottish Society of Arts. The article were Eetteridge, corn-husk mattresses; Peter Rennes, bust of
agitate the strawberry cream, or other preparation, by highly approved of by Dr. Stewart Trail', convenor of cum- Bishopi-ifold ; Hall and Spear, iron centre plough; Samuel
which means it is more intimately blended with the ice, nutter, and by him ordered to be sent to the Exhibition. vatic plastic hydrometer; Abel Baker, a pump;
and the separation of parts that would otherwise take place egos THIS CaliE OF GOOO HOPS. C. B. ers, a plough; Brown and Wells, tools ; Hart,
is prevented. By the same process the exterior hollow ease The Exhibition authorities of the Cape have issued the Montgomery, and Co., paper hangings; J. S. l'alsifer, an
of water becomes converted into a cylinder of ice, that may following classified alphabet ; Power and Weightman, chemicals ; Thomas
be removed and placed on the table fior a wine cooler. Very " Cape Town Auxiliary Exhibition of Colonial l'roduce. Fisher, mathematical and phyoieal diagrams ;W. A. Pratt
few of the working machines at the Exhibition will be —The central authority appointed by his Excellency the and Co., daguerreotypes; P. Robinson, manufactured
more attractive than the freezing machine if Mr. Masters Governor to carry into effect the notice of her Majesty's tobacco; G. Y. Miles, !ales' and gentlemen's saddles; E.
allows visitors to test its merits by tasting the ices it pro- commissioners, of the 14th March, 1830, relative to the pro- W. Timm, iron ore ; T. and 13. Hardgrove, manu-
duces. Some portable soda water machine's to be exhibited posed Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, to be held factored tobacco ; Carter Brarton, green sand marl ;
by Mr. Masters, are not so novel in their arrangement ss in London on the Ist of May, 1841, hereby beg to aeknow- Institute for the Blind, books, types, &c.; General,
the freezing apparatus, though the effects are no less extra- ledge receipt of the several articles of colonial produce sub- John H. Cocke, iron ore and soap-stone ,• General
ordinary. In the common process of manufacturing soda nutted, through them, for public inspection and romped- John H. Cooke, minerals ; Dell and Mulehakey,
water the Carbonic acid gas is forced into the water to be Lion, prior to their being transmitted to England, of whichthe manufactured tobacco ; E. H. Sims, roofing elate ; E. H.
aerated by a pump, with much labour, and the water is following is a list and classification (with the prizes awarded) Sims, slab of slate ; Jennings and Chighom, gentleman's'
briskly agitated to facilitate its absorption of the gas, which by the respective judges appointed on the occasion, and to saddle ; Frederick Holston, gold ore ; It. S. Patterson,
is usually made in a generator from whiting and diluted notify that a public exhibition of the same took place, on iron ore ; W. Faber, mineral ore; W. Faber, galena
sulphuric acid. The soda water, when sufficiently charged, the 20th inst., at the Commercial Exchange, agreeably to and silver combined ; J. It. Anderson and 0., iron
will contain three or four atmospheres of gas, and in this their notice of the 23rd July last, and was continued for ore ; Belvidere Man. Co., envelope paper ; Brown,
state it is bottled and corked, during which process a per- several days: quartz rock; James H. Grant, manufactured tobacco; So-
tion of the gas generally ...capes. So far back as 1833, a Wool, 1 bale, 100 lbs, from Reitz, Breda, Joubert, and crates :tenpin, minerals; A. C. Farrington, steatite; J. 8.
patent was obtained for an apparatus in which the expen- Co, of Swellendasn—ls2. prize ; 1 bale, 100 lbs., from D. Dumont, silk plush for hats ; John S. Morgan, cotton ; G.
sive machinery of the fora-pump and the labour of ream'. G. van Breda, of Caledon-10/. • 1 bole, 100 lbs. W. Coliier, minerals; Enock Steere, liquid oil polish
&mare were dispensed with, by generating the gas within Cotton, Cape growth, 1 small specimen, Barbadoes, from blacking; Ambler and Overey, mechanical dentistry; H.
a separate compartment of the same vermeil that held the Botanic Garden Cape Town ; cotton, Natal growth, 1 hale, P. and W. C. Taylor, transparent soaps ; J. A. Fay and
water to be impregnated ; and as the gas was genersted It from C. Manuel,' of Cape Town-71. 10s. Co., planing sash and moulding, tenoning, power, &c., ins-
forced itself by its elastic preasurs into the water. By this Karosees, 2 specimens, wild at, jackal's paws, from J. chines ; Haynanl, Rutter, and Co., india rubber bouts and
means, gas of any pressure might be forced into Blackburn, of Cape Town-6J.; 6 specimens; sundry spe- shoes; Ooovcar, Ms Rubber Shoe Company, india rubber;
the water without manual labour. The vessels were mons, from Deane and Johnson, of Cape Town—l2l. Penfield and Camp, Judd's medicated Ihiuid .W. Cochran,
made to hold one and two gallons: but the difficulty of Skins, wild animals: Leopard skin, 2 specimens, from E. eminetry and mechanism • Day and Nevill, parantroptie
manufacture, and the consequently high price presented Banbury, of Cape Town; brindled gnu, 1 specimen, from permulating cocks; J. Leihrop, Gennessee wheat flour;
the apparatus from being extensively used. The inventor C. Diadems, of Cape Town; hartebeest, 1 specimen, (rum Hiram Finch, ditto; W. Coletiste and Co., pearl starch;

THINGS TO BE EXHIBITED AT THE GLASS

PALACE.

Soap, 1 case, 100 lbs., from J. Smithers, of ('ape Town
—5/.
Ivory Elephant tusks, 1 tusk, from Deane and Johnson,
of Cape Town—on show. SCI-COVI teeth, 1 specimen,
4 lbs., from George Thompson, of Cape Town.
Ox horns, polished, I pair, from F. )ewer, of Cape Town
; ox horns, rough, 1 pair.
Salt beef, 1 tierce, from 11. Schlussler, of Cape Town-71. ;
1 tierce • salt pork, 1 barrel, from W. Martin, of Cape
Town—.
Sole leather, 1 bundle, front Cape Town-31.
Curiosities: Bushman blanket, 1 specimen, Iron M. Thal-
wager, of Cape Town ; 110 W and arrows, 1 specimen, from
M. Thalwitzer, of Cape Town; Kafir chair, 1 specimen,
from Charles Bridges, of Cape Town; Kafir battic-axe, 1
specimen, front Charles Bridges, of Cape Town ; Kafir hue,
1 specimen, from Charles Bridges, of Cape Town ; whips of
rhinoceros horn, 8 assorted, from E. J. Banbury, of Ca
Tower-31.; stick of rhinoceros horn, 1 specimen, front
J. Banbury, of Cape Town-10s. ; horns of gem buck, 4
specimens, from E. J. Banbury, of Cape Town-21. ' • Katie
warrior's head-dress, 1 specimen, from W. Moag, of Cape
town ; horns—eland 2 pair, koodo 1 pair, buffalo 1 pair ;
rhinoceros hide, 1 specimen ; ditto, sticks, 2 specimens ;
ditto, whips, 2 specimens ; stone box, from C. Bridges, of

Cape-town. _ _
In accordance with the notice of the committee, those
articles which have been adjudged worthy of the prize price
will be taken charge of by the committee, and transmitted
to the London Exhibition ; and the owners are hereby in-
formed that the prize price awarded and set opposite their
names, will be paid to them or their agents upon applica-
tion to the undersigned. All other articles transmitted for
Exhibition, unless applied for on or before the 13th Ike.
next, will be sold by public auction, free of expense, on the
following day, and the proceeds paid over to the respective
owners or agents upon application to the undersigned,
agreeably to the notice of 23rd July lust. The committee
regret that, having been limited as to time in sending for-
ward the collection to England, they have Ixsen precluded
giving agriculturists and others so fair an opportunity of
doing justice to the products of the colony as would have!
been afforded hail the proper season fur various principal;
articles fallen within the time allinted, when there can be
' little doubt that more numerous and favourable speci-
mens of the resources of the colony would have been pro-
Weed. They have the satisfaction, however, of stating
that, notwithstanding these circumstances, the collection
offered fur inspection was highly creditable, and more exten-
sive than could have been anticipated.—By order of the
Committee, I'. van DAIWA A. Sox, Hun. Ste.—Cape Town,
Nov. 2S, lioo.