The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-06 00:00:00

security Could be may given to his without injury to the
landiurd, because if there was rent due to him he was to
ree ive it from the sale of the occupancy bolero the tenant
could touch any pert of tke perchase money. It was a ea-
tural feeling that men would not lay out their mosey 00
what was insecure. It was urged @gaunt tenant right that
if the incoming tenant purchased the eccupeney he would be
deprived of that capital which ought to be laid oat on the
land. But he would ask, were not landlords and agents now
peel fines? which was jest the game thing under adiffereof
name. lie did not mean that the law should ex any number
year,' purchase, but merely that the tenant should have the
powe rof goinginto the open market and disposingf of
en's
his
lan.. The present was a period of great agitation o m
mind., but that hoes • could do much to alley it, by doing
justice to the people of Ireland. The hon. and learned gen-
them in said that there had been too much legislation fur
Inland since the union. He begged to remind him that it
was the opinion of the predecessor of the present Chief Jun-
tire of the Court of Queen's Bench in lretand, that all at
legelation was it favour of the landlords and against thatlll.W.s. While member, in that house were desirous to quote
evi te opinion against the people iof Ireland he ohs reed that
there was-a significant silence with reepect to the pamphlet
of Ma Wiggins, en English gentleman, who resided tor 30
years in halted. He said that injustice to, and spoliation
of fie tenant, was the rule in Ireland ; that he was kept in
a Lew state of serfage; that he was ill-veered by the land-
lords and the agents; that he was deprived of all the profits
of hi- industry ; and that any attempt at making • bedew
appeerance in the world, sod at improves[ his hem% only
afforded a pretext to the landlord or vestment to iameiteelhe
rent. It would be well for that hots to consider these
things. They were well worthy of its serious consideration.
Vie/emit CASTLEREAGH felt bound to say, that this
bill having been brought forward with the best and kindest
intentions had been taken up by others in a way that rem
demi it extremely difecult for the friends of order to give it
theirsupport. At %bosoms time, k eowing the confidence placed
by the people of Ireland in the hoe. member tor Rhdaled
, he
should he prepared to give it his suppert, iit were arrange
that it should be referred to a committee up stairs. If at
were not agreed to, he must, unwillingly, vote against it.
Capt. ARCHDALL said that charges had been made
against the orangemen ot Ireland, of which he felt bound to
say that no more unfounded statements ever were placed
before the public. lie was glad to tell the hon. member for
Lime sick that there were 100,000 orangeesen in the north of
Ireland prepared to stand by order, and to put down the ill
eft, eta of the hon. membees poi-oeous agitation.
Sir J. B. WALSH expressed his belief that the good
landlords of Ireland were the large majority, and the bad
landleris the eareption. He was unable as yrt to arrive at
et
the conclusion tbat the sweeping alteration of the law
landlord and tenant, involved in the bills before them,
wo.ild be ultimately conducive to the benefit of Ire-
land. As far as he could learn, the agricultural
'peen' of Ireland had been one of progressive improve-
ment, and he believed the relation of landlord and tenant,
as it existed in Ireland, had worked, and would continue
to work, for the benefit of all classes in that country.
lie urged the necessity of improving the °hooter of the
farm buildings in Ireland, as the first step towards improv-
ing
the condition of the farming classes themselves. It was
perfectly clear to him that the tenants would trot
the so desirable amelioration. He apprehended that the
setting aside of the landlords by this and similar legislation
would very materially tend to increase that subdivision of
agricultural property which, to the extent it had already
re .•h. d. operated so prejudicially upon the rural 'emulation
of Ireland.
Mr. F. O'CONNOR deprecated the suggestion which had
been threwn out, that in order to soothe the Irish mind
seeder its existing excitement, it would be well, though the
bill were not to be agreed to ultimately, to refer it to a select
committee, as though it were intended to adopt it by arid
by ; the only way to deal with the Irish people was to deal
with them frankly ; to tell them fairly and fully of any good
contemplated for them ; or to tell them candidly it there was
nothing eto be done for them, so that they might
know the worst. He quite concurred in the
statement that it would be meet expedient to
improve the character of the farm buildings in Ireland. It
would be a mode at once of improving the comfort of the
rural population, and of giving them a pride in the avoca-
tion which they practised. He warmly supported the ova-
:lire before the house. There could be done nothing per-
cuanently to elevate the condition of the agricultural
population of Ireland until there sou &rester fixity of tenure,
secured to the tenant,soas to give him an interest in the soil
upon which ho was called to expend the sweat of his brow.
The rule at present in force as to leases in that country, was
a premium to the very idleness which so unjustly was made
a reproach against the Irish people. Agricuiture was not
only the chief, but the only, profession which could be ad-
vantegeously pursued in Ireland, and it was meet essential
that all the impediments which Irish landlordism had
hitherto placed in the way of the expansion of title industry
should be removed. And the landlords of Ireland, bad as
their conduct had been towards the farmers, were yet better
than the farmers, whose conduct towards their labourer,
bad been most oppressive and most cruel. No contract was
kept with the labourer when the former chose to break it.
Hitherto, there had been no legislation in favour of the
tenant. In the reign of Oeo. 111. there had been 61 acts of
parliament passed to regulate the relations between landlord
and tenant in Ireland : not one of these laws was in favour
of the tenant ; in the same period there had been six acts to
settle the relations between landlords and tenants in England,
end every one of these acts was in favour of the tenant. He
commended Lend Clarendon for sending teatimes throngh-
out Ireland to communicate a knowledge on itaeleeleweel
suleects to the rural population. It was a measure which, if
followed up by other measures in, the spirit wouJd ge‘a
great way to attach the people of aimseonntrito Bagels
sway.
Str 0. GREY opposed the bal. Every dimension on the
subject showed more and more convincingly the difficulty of
settling by legislation the relations between landlord and
tenant in Ireland. He controverted the proposition that
the difficultim had arisen from ire pediments thrown in the way
of popular legislation by Irish landlords im the home. The
difficulty was inherent in the cimomatances of the ease them-
selves. Be contended that it was always in the power of a
party desirous of becoming tenanted land, which he proposed
to improve by cultivation, to stepilate for such • tennis es
would compensate him for his outlay. to the present mo-
ment, lendlorda tlueugbout Inland weee exhibiting the
utmost readiness to meet industrious and taistweethy tenants
with such leases as would fuLy justify them in expenein
their capital and their energies upon the lands. th
theey.
eve might
he disposed to occupy. As We the proposition ry
tenant who fulfilled the condeiong of ors iindustrial oc-
cupation was to be entitled to oompensatima feom the land-
lord, over and above the profits whice ha might have reshot
from his outlay, it seemed Tete preporeemos. There weft,
of course, cases in which a texant was equitably
entitled to some considecatMn in this respect, on sur-
rendering occupation—as , for instance, where he
bad erected permanent 'farm building at his own
cost. Be should be mite ready, however, to refer thin'
measure to the serious oasideration of any committee up-
stairs to which the government thessum railed be submitted.
(Hear, hear.) As to the statement that bands of armed
orangemen were wandering about the north of Ireland a
denial, it
was scarce(' worth hit while to give the statement
Mr. FAGAN said that the English tenant was much better
eff than the Irish eacueier of the land, notwithstanding a
far greater proportera of the population of t
his country de-
penied wholly_ en ehe cultivatioa of the soil. The bill of e
hon. rnembelfor Rochdale was mach wanted in order tortstrain the entel system of eviction that was pursued in Ire-
•land, and he should give it his hearty support.
Col. BLACK ALL had heard the speech of the right hen.
baronet opposite (Sr O. Grey) with great satisfaction, as it
would tend to correct much vague apprehension on the sub-
ject of leases which now prevailed in Ireland, relative to the
transfer of the fee of land to the occupying tenant. He
should offer his decided opposition to the motion of the hon.
member for Rochdale.
Mr. P. SCROPE was of opiniou, speaking ss an English
member, that the speedy settlement of the tenant-rieght ques-
tion in Ireland was most essential to the tranquillity of the
empire. The hon. member for Rochdale bad, it seemed to
him, brought forward the measure before the house with the
best possible motives, and also in impudence with
and the gen
rela-
eral
sentiments of the agricultural classes in Irel. The
called for
tions between landlord and tenant in that country
Use immediate and most serious attention of the legiseeture
and in his opinion no permanent tranquillity could bepooked
for in Ireland until the tenant farmers of that country were
placed on a more equitable footing than they bad at present
with regard to the landlords. A large number of the agri-
cultural population of Ireland had declared their determina-
tion not to endure any longer the frightful evils inflicted on
them by the present defective system, and rerpetuated by
the defective state of the law. All the agrarian out-
rages edoh had prevailed in Ireland for so long
a period could be distinctly traced to the inse-
curity of tenant-right ; and it was generally admitted
by all writers on the social condition of Ireland, that
the evils oboreable in that kingdom were solely attributable
to the detective laws which regulated the relations between
landlord and tenant. If the question was not settled satis-
factorily by some such bill as the present, there would be a
frightful scene of convulsion witnessed in Ireland, which the
landlords would have much more reason to deplore than they
would to regret the concessions that the measure before the
house proposed to grant. lie should, for the reasons he had
stated, support tee second
Col. RLWDON regretted the course the government
had taken in regard to the bill before the house, which
should have his support, subject to any modification that
might be deemed necessary in the committee.
Mr. SCULLY said that if the tenantry of Ireland were
expected to improve the land under their cultivation, they
ought to possess a right of occupancy and of remuneration
for the capital laid out by them. The bill before the house
provided that right for them, and he should give it his sup.
port. At the same time it was necessary to observe that im-
provement, and not mere occupation of land ought to con-
stitute the real ground of tensahright and of remuneration
for dispossession of the tenancy. This was particularly ne-
cessary to be observed in the south of Ireland.
Mr. 8. CRAWFORD reiterated his former arguments
in favour of the bill, and declined to withdraw the maninim
upn. the offer of the government to take it into considera-
tion in conjuaction with the tenant-right la, brought for-
ward by the hon. baronet the member for Drogheda. He
should persist, therefore, in dividing the :house upon the
second reading.
The house then divide.l.—For the second reading 22
Against it
GREAT YARMOUTH FREEMEN DISFRANCHISE-
biENT BILL.
Mt. Y. SEYMER moved the second reading of the above 1
bill, and promoted to read extracts from the midmost ham
before the Great Yarmouth committee, to prove the same
city of Initiative interference with the elective Genchise is
that borough, in so far as the freemen are eoncereed. [The
material facia quoted by the hon. member have akeady
appeared in OW report of the proceedings of the committee.]

The motion was *greed to, the bill mad a second time, and
the committee lined for ednesday next.
NWEW WRITS.
On the motion of Mr. Rums it was ordered that In all
ewes where the seat of say member has been declared void
by an election committee, on the grounds of bribery or treat-
ing, no motion for the hating of a new writ shall be made,
without previous notice being given in the votes.
BUSINESS OF THE ROUSE.
On the motion of Mr. at/1111 it was ordered that the
orders of the dity he disposed of in the order in which they
stand upon the paper, the right being still reserved to her Ma-
jesty's ministers, of placing government bills at the heed of
the list, by previous notice, in the rotation in which they are
to be taken on the days on which government bills have
precedent*. That, at the time flied for the commencement
of public husinees, on days on which orders have pro:mastic*
of notices of motions, and alter the notices of motione have
been disposed of on all other days, Mr. Speaker direct the
clerk at the table to read the orders of the day without the
question being put.
The house adjourned at half peat 6 o'clock.

ELECTION COMMITTEE.—TEBTERDAY.
BODMIN. Witnesses were examined to prove
agasnat the aitting members the promise of situations to cer-
tain voters ; after which Mr blereweather summed up for
petitioners. The rooms as then cleared, and the committee
decided that the chargef bribery had not been proved.
The defence on the charges of treating wee then proceeded
with.

PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS.
HOUSE OF LORDS.—(BI.) TONS OF COALS
DEOVOIiT ANN VALLI COASTWISE TO LONDON; COASTING
VESSE. S j RBOISTERID Vressin ; 1814 to 1847.-111'1814,
there were brought coastwise to London 1,430,463 tons of
coals; in 1826, the quantity had increased to 2,040,201 tons;
in 1847, it was 3,280,420. In 1814, the number of sailing
vessels engaged in the coasting trade of the United Kingdom
was 126,477, their tonnage 9,043,600 ; the number of steam
vessels 888, their tonnage 124,073. In 1847 the number of
sailing retools thus engaged was 142,818, their tonnage
10,316,888 ; the number of gleam vessels 17,218, their ton-
nage 3,902,916. In 1814. the number of registered sailing
vessels belonging to the United Kingdom was 21,067, their
tonnage 2,391,182; of registered steam vowels the number
was 1, the tonnage 69; in 1847 the number of registered
sailing vessels was 23,381, their tonnage 3,114,221 • the
registered 01 giEtaTed steam semis 1,028, their tonnage
140,132. The immense development of steam na
these rvigation
e•
during the period is the most stnking feature of