The Express.
London, England, 1851-03-15 00:00:00

TILE PROBABLE NUMBER OF VISITORS. !GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR TILE EN-
; ING EEK.

TO THE griffon OF THE ETHIEITION EIPSIO4.
14111,—Not having ever peen any detailed estimate
of the result, of dr: anroaeltino exhibition, I send you dqe
following calculation, which I hare, drains out, tad %mak
proves that there is the posdbility of a ..otry lair retard,
without the slights st inconviggiciiem fur it is obvious that
many more than 10.000 visWri aaily could be ECCOIIIIIIO,
dated in the space of thu
8,000 season tickets, at an an:rage of 21. 12s. 641,
each
7,500 on each of the second and third days, at
11. each
6,000 on each of the following eighteen days, at
8.. each
10,000 on each Is. day in the week, four
day. £2,000
8,00') on each Friday, at 2s. Ocl ... 1,000
6,000 on each Saturday, at as.

(Frthe aardene,'lClovoliele)

PLANT DEPART/AL:TT.
inAntli.Vrhich have been reedutiy potted ad wind be
kept in a eatnewhat closer atmosphere, with shading during
the hafts:Apart of the' sky in line weather ; hut the latter
should be vary cautiously used, and only when the plants
would be liable to flag without such protection. Heat and
moisture may be applied more freely So plants which are in
progress ; and for the sake of' eeonorny in furnishing the
necessary amount of heat retain as much as possible of
that generated during the day by closing the house early. ,1
Let thu,e plants in the greenhouse which are dowering.
or approaching that state, have the most prominent
situations, and be liberally supplied with water. Gera-'
Mums, fuchsias, and other soft-wooded plants, whose flowers
will not he required fur the next two or three months,
'should be kept in a healthy growing state by shifting
them into larger pots, using u rich compost in order
to obtain fine plants in moderate-sized pots. Let the
training .4 the plants have due attention, as their appear-
ance depends as much upon this matter us upon the colour
or shape of the flower. Those which are required fur pre-
sent display should neither be stopped nor repotted, but
nourished with oces-sfoual watering' of liquid manure, if
they have filled their puts with routs. Attehd to the pro-
ingation of greenhouse plants, particularly of fuchsias, for
autumn, and chrysanthemums, for winter display. As
einetrarias go out of bloom, let them leave a sew weeks'
partial repose, to prepare them for commencing their new
growth with increased vigour. Seeds of virterarias, calceos
'Arias, petunias, hunicas, and other soft-wooded greenhouse
plants, should now be sown in a gentle heat. As orchids
show that they are about to commence their growth, they
should be removed to warmer quarters, and syringed more
freely. Those plants which are now growing should be'
eneuurawil by a more hbeml supply of heat and mois-
ture. Dendrubiums. oanhopeas, and many of the stronger
growing kinds, will make a good growth if suspended
an a vinery, where they will be partially shaded by the
vines. indeed, dendrubiums generally do as well in a
late Muscat-house, all the year round, as in the orchid-
house. Camellias, which are beginning their growth, may
be removed to vineries or peach-houses now at work ; they
will there set their buds early, and may be expected to
Slower about next November or "Member, at which period
they are generally very acceptable.

Say fur 20 weeks, until Ist week is
October 4,500=90,000

tiro:1,000
I am yours, &c. AN INQUIRER.
12th March, 18.51.

PROTECTION FOR LNVENTIONS.

TO THE ElilToU or THE DAILY NEWS.
Stn,-11 have, since my former communication to
you upon the subject of the bill now going through the
House of Lords for priTigional protection of inventions at
the Great Exhibition, urn a copy of the bill, wherein there
is no provision made against wrongful use being made
of those letters patent which have been and may be granted
before the day of opening the Exhibition, and yet will
remain unspecified till cone time afterwards, and are
unlimited, not havint deposited any outline specification
or description, according to the Attorney-General's order of
2nd Nov. last, in consequence of such letters patent having
been immenced and posit d through the Attorney or Solicitor-
General's department before the date of the order. If the
bill -honk' pass in this form, it is highly probable that it
may ensnare many nn unwary exhibitor of a rew invention,
because, after compliance with the same, the exhibitor will
still Ix left open to any of these carte blanche patentees
walking through the Great Exhibition, and then claiming
it as part of hi• patent with impunity and depriving the
registered exhibitor of Any property therein. I have written
on this subject to Earl Granville, who brought in this bill,
and others. And I have reason to believe these points will to
pressed forward when the bill comes to the (*ominous, but
still I fear unless the public bestir themselves no gond will
molt.—l am, sir, lac., J. W. (AAUP'S,
March 11, Mil.

TI.TPiG TRY, 11111.D710.—Mr. Field, of the firm
of Matolslay and Field, the well-known and eminent engi-
neer/I, has the merit of having suggested a method for set-
ting the rezala eniestio, "is the building strong enough F"
at MIL Ile recomineinhal that a number of strong square
frames should be made, in the interstices of which lin-pound
abut should he elAirot, and that these, joined together, and
formieor any weight which might be considered sufficient for
the object in view, should be dragged along the galleries.
Accordingly, seven frames were made, each capable of
holding thirty-six cannon-hails of the vise just mentilthed.
In this way a pr-are of 71 tons was readily &gained,
as it was ascertained by Mr. Brunel, that the greatest
weight which could he obtained by parking men as closely
as possible on any given space was ninety-five pounds to the
squire foot, such a test, mireseuting 1401 h. to the square
fog, was csmsidcreil amply sufficient to establish the
streligth and security of the galleries. The pressure of an
ordinary crowd, sash as that in the pit of a theatre or at a
meeting, does nut carved from .101 b. to 6016. to the square
foot, and it must he remembered that, as a great part of the
gallery space will be occupied by light articles displayed on
istalls, the number of spectators that can circulate there at
one time must be limited. Moreover, the passages are made
to run at the sides, close to the pillars, where the strain is
Mist likely to lie dangerous. Bearing all these things in
• I, the experiment mole on Tuesday with 2.52 68-
pounders must be ronsillertal conclusive. As in their
woolen frames they were rolled along by the united strength
Of a large party sit -appers, the pillars and girders betrayed
no sign of weakness, and the flooring of the gallery did
not vibrate nearly as much as that of a drawing-
'swim during a hall. Tli.. Executive Committee and
th • principal members of their stair watched the expert-
mint with great interest. Mr. Cubitt, the engineer-in-thief'
of the building, was also present; and Lord Granville and
Mr. Cobden represent...l the Royal Commission on the
neCa,inn. It is 31r. Culatt's intention to test all the gal-
leries in this moister; and as there in no doubt that Messrs.
lot url Ilendersott's workmanship will stand with great i
...Ps: the trial to which it is about to be aubjected, we trust •
that henceforward any lingering fears that may he enter- I
tained by sceptical mind,. as to the security of the building I
may be finally discarded. The experiinents were made
yestenlay in the centre of the gallery, where the strain
would be mast severe ly felt.
Ew 1111,PMMOME AT KENSINGTON. —The Royal
Cantu:U.:timers have received innumerable appliett ions front
theatrical awl equestrian managers, Lcce., (or permission to
erect in llyilestetrk temporary theatres, eimuses, shows, and
booths, but the Exueutive Coininittee have positively
basisl all such requests. Among other managers who peti-
timie.l the beard was. Mr. Batty, the lessee of Astley's, for a
site in the park for the erection of a hippolrome, after the
style of the ow in the Champs Elvi.:,es at Paris, but on a
snore extended scale, and tar which pris liege he would con-
tribute to the r pis set the Commissioners live hundred ;
guineas, hut the oifer was declined. Mr. Batty has since
become lessee of an extensive plot of ground adapted for
the purpose at Kensington, near to the turnpike, and
within a few minutes' walk of the Crystal Palace, where ,
a large number of workmen are now actively employed'
on the works, and from the estimates, models, and
plans furnished by the architects, surveyors, builders,
artists, and machinists, it would appear that the Inppo-
drinne will cost little has than 6,0001. Mr. Batty hail pre-
viously made several extensive purchases of thorough-bred
horses, as at least eighty will lie required for this new curri-
culums, the ordinary trained horses for the circle not being
adapted fur this peculiar description of entertainment. lie i
is now cinraging a etorps of dashing ertiyires from Paris, and
the other principal e.mtinental cities, as female etploltriant
take the most prol ii i 444 sot parts in the hold and daring sports
of the Hippralrom ; unit likewise a trove of fearless riders,
native and forei.,9l, for the Roman chariot rams, Olympic
gam.', &C. Mr. Batty, however, will not be without rivals,
as several well-known equestrian managers are also in search
of sites for hippodromes. Offers have been made to Mr.
Wardell, the director of Vauxhall-trardens, by a French
trompe of riders, for the use of the Waterloo-ground fur a
day entertainment, similar to the one produced some years
Isinee by the late Mr. Ducruw, but which Mr. Wardell
declined. The vacant plot of ground in the York-road,
Waterloiteroad, with the railway in the rear, less also been
eagerly sought aft r. ; but it is understood that the South
Western Conipany, whose property it is, have declined to
negotiate for any elicit purpose ; m fact, the greatest possi-
ble difficulty has been experienced by speculators in obtain-
ing ground in any desirable locality. The hippodrome at
Kensington will, it is understood, be opened by Mr. Batty,
on the Ist of May.

LONIK)N PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.

. .
Under this title the ordinary of Newgatc, the
Rev. John Davis, ha. pulolislhet "An appeal to
young gentlemen in the nts tropulis. Founded on a great
inany iiiStillieeS in which young nom of respectable families
and virtuous parents have masonic the slaves of vice,
and then of crime, and have been imprisoned or trans-
ported." The following passages, describing cases that
have occurred during Ifiaa will interest many readers
The sentence of transportation, as now carried out, is
much more severe than people imagine. Men are kept in
sosolimtsierygiompearizonfmcrontot
thefor abotettlettittywelovfe orthi ,tsixintelnentoofontitte:
ephrrldonetinne:ig.
father,Th cutirntrue.ghhttosthaebetoatandhosmh.ete,mt,hatteird athiefii.e,
own folly, as well as guilt, are very bitter to endure. Many
of their kindred they will never see again; and when they
do meet any of them again, the shame they feel that is on
themselves, the disgrace, to a certain extent, on others,
their ruined character, their suspicious condition, make
them meet under circumstance; so different from what was
formerly the case, that it is almost like getting into another
and n lower world.
When twelve months or more of this sad life of sepa-
rate confinement is over, all right-minded men arc deeply
humbled. Poor fellows taken out of solitary incarceration
are not like the same clan of men they were beforehand.
They are afraid to speak and move like other people. Many
of them (who can) re-ad a great deal, and pray almost with-
out ceasing. When ill-behaved they are immured for seve-
ral day, together, in cells totally dark; and when very ill-
et:mit:Led.
otansdhipipedneubsontspittantee,haraten,ditlraNtc.hestalwktuit,butte hulksdor
some other horrible penal colony. The life of such a con-
vict beggars description. Other offences in the colony are
committed, and they get again trarnported in chain.. Dis-
grace and degradation, in mind and morale, attend them.
Hard work, short allowance, strict confinement, soldiers .
with loaded arms mill fixed bayonet', keep sentry over'
them ; and no reasonable hope can be entertained by such '
a man of ever seeing Englund again. Very few, if tuty, of I
what are called refractory convicts, ever reach again the
shores of their native laud.
" But suppose that a transported othopman, clerk, or post-
man, goes well through the stage of solitary imprisonment,
he must then go to the breakwater, and work another
twelve months or more in the stone quarries at the hardest
work they call find. His food is the least that the medical
gentlemen declare to be sufficient. Soldier; keep watch
over them. The first that attempts to escape or make un-
lawful resistance, is liable to be shot and killed. Twelve
months of this kind of life is the second stage in every
healthy convict's sentence. They are then sent abroad into I
remote and distant colonies, where it is solemnly declared I.
'by the authorities that every convict shall go. Great in-
ducements are still held out it men behave well, but it is a '
terrible life at the best, and many have written from
Australia, and others who have returned, have told me how
often they have cursed themselves in their sufferings for
their owa stupidity and folly to bring themselves into such
a horrible situation. There are a great many young men
in the metropolis now respectable and comparatively
happy, unsuspected by others, and unsuspicious theta:A.4yd,
who will go through all, and more than I have stated, in
the next few years, atilt next few years prove to be what
the last have been.
" A few years since a young man an assistant to a draper
married early. His wages, though respectable, were in-
sufficient to support a wife and three small children. To
supply their wants he made away with the property of
his master, and was speedily transported fur his crimes.
\Viten confined in prima* his young and delicate Wift,
Cline to ace him. The sight of munive walls, strong
iron bars, and his cooties dress., male a deep impreseiva
on her. She could we him at a distance, but it was be-
tween iron bars and netted wire work only. He could not
shake hands with her, nor kiss her, although condemned
to years of banishment. Permission was ultimately con-
ceded him to see his children, but many a transport
leaves without such indulgence. Who can describe the
sorrow inflicted on such a confiding wife ? She was de-
prived of the companion of her bosom, the father of her
children, and her 111C,1116 of autristence, by one fell stroke.
Burning tears by night and by day, un aching heart wore
down her kettle frame, and from her pale cheek, slow
step, and timid air, indicated the agony within, till like a
frail and testier thing of earth, she sank in sorrow. Who,
then, was left to take care of his bereaved children ? Their
father is a convict, and cannot see to their wants and edu-
cation ; their mother, from the shame she felt and the loas
she sustained, has died of sorrow. Are they to go to their
grand parents? What encouragement have they to re-
new the cures of second training, when their own off-
spring too ill succeeded? 11l the parish house are found
all who by dieeolutenem, miaturtune, or indolence,
inherit its scanty tun, and these are to be for
sonic years the :associates of his own sweet infants.
Where else can they go ? WllO will receive them ?
The cause of all this ruin and misery has, on his part,
been a love of gaiety ;of finery On the part of the wife,
and thoughtlessness on both. They had out been humble
enough to live within their income; and to get the means
of keeping up their gaiety and dress, dishonest courses had
been followed. There may have beet nothing particularly
observable in either till the day of discovery calm, and
the injured and judge:int master sought the protection of
the law. 1
.. I knew a youth, the child of an officer in the navy,
who had served his emery with distinction, but whose
premature sheath rendered Ins widow thankful to receive an
ufficial appointment for her delicate boy, in a government
office. llis income from the office was given faithfully '
to his mother ; and it was a pleasure and a 'oriole to hint
to gladden her heart by the thought he was helloing her.
She had other children, but they were younger than he,
and were two little girls, just risilig one above another
from the cradle to womanhood. Her seamy pension
and his salary made every saw happy. But over this
youth came a love of dress. Ile had nut strength of
maid to see how much mane truly beautiful a pure mind
he than a finely decorated exterior. Ile took pleasure
in helping his moths and sisters, but did not take
Kreuter pleasure in thinking that to oho this kindness to
then, lie roust be contented fur a time, to tires* a little
worse than his fellow-clerks; his clothes might appear
a little worn, but they were like the spot on the dress of a
soldier arising front the discharge of duty ; they were'
no marks of undue careicsaiten, necessity had wrought
them, and while they iodic-gel IlliMl.Siiiily, they marked
also the path of honour, and without such aimot• duty must
have ben neglected. But this youth did not think of such
great thoughts as these. Ile felt ashamed at his thread-bare,
but clean coat. The smart new shining (Inas of other clerks,
mortified hint. They had no smother to insist, nor sisters
1 depeudent an them, and probably some among them, would '
have gladly come in u shabby coat, rather than lessam the
necesaries 4.f dear relatives at home. Robert—truly loved
his mother and sisters, and slid not wish to lessen their it icume,
but he wants to appear finer. In au evil hour he ordered a
suit of clothes from a finhiunable tailor. His situation
and connexions procured him a short credit, But trades-
men must be paid, and Robert was again and
again importuned to defray his debt. To relieve himself '1
of his creditor, he stole a letter containing a lot note. His
tailor was paid, hut the injured party knew the number of
the note. It was traced to the tailor, by ben to Robert,
with the means and opportunity of stealing it, and in a few
days he was transported. Stone point of law was raised,
whether what is called a trap letter, is a foot-ottice
letter, but after rime months delay, the judges lola
that the conviction was good, and the child, liver he
was sixteen, was transported. Before he went away, it
will very affecting to see his truly respectable mother
come to visit him. 'Oh Robert ! how could you do
tuna,' was her plaintive expottulation; • was it nut
enough fur me to lone your father, met I be deprived
of yuu also i' The poor boy was so overcome she could not
reproach him more; but the distress she Buffett', and the
straighteued way in which she and his sisters lived fur
many menthe, to pay tho melees of his defence, were
never known to him. His mother entertained the liveliest
hope that he might escape even by a legal quibble • but '
all her hopes were blighted, and she let her min, probably
for ever. His birth-day paned in Newgute. On this
occasion a bible was sent him, and markers wrought in I
beads by his sisters. Oue was ' Robert, wo still Yemen-
ber you ; ' another, by his youngest sister, was, 'stir
we love you.' It was quite pitiable to se how the youth's
tears flowed when he read these signs of love and
sorrow in the home he had rendered so desolate. ;
Brief was the interval he wore his dress of guilt; it was !
SOOll exchanged Gar uric much wisest' than the thread-bare
marks of honounible poverty, that of a convict. He was
profoundly humbled and sincerely penitent; but his offence
could not he pardoned. Public security demanded its ens
threentett ; and his was another example of the intern
fully of a love of dress.
" There are other vies belonging to other character, as 11
certainly leading to crimes, to commitment, conviction,
and transportation, as those I have already referral to.
Such vices are more dangerous in their consequences.
Thee invade the peace of f'amilie's, destroy bright hopes,
paralyse energy, and ultimately ruin their victims. The
first among them is irregularity with women. Before
a boy fairly looks this giant vice in the facts and traces its
ince gable results, he is often under its power. I cannot tall
the hundreds of respectable youth, I have known ruined by
this indulgence. It has led them to rob their parents to a
learnt' extent, to embezzle the money of their employers, to
the plunder of warehouse's to supply finery, to finger's, bur-
glary, cutting and wountling, to suicide, and to murder.
Na one can tell how far he is going towards destruction,
when once he begins with this vice. I have seen promotion in
the public service stopped by it, wretchedneas and misery at
home produced by it, disease and pollution follow; into
every prison in the kingdom has it brought its victims ;
=0 , s umnit de os
uf tfi tt4.t. ing votaries;
that aattntdchthtoe
eye". wait' eoloniiu-inp7
TUE PAVILION CUATEL.—By an act Passed at the etmamhonnis eroilicero'nliseu:liii"a seorunnfidrenUtialAa )14.t'oiuuntgonemittln inofthreePnutt'ttlrile
ectepetolfwt,th:•eesessudiecteen
dottlaptttit. dereeeulitionmodf
ttohetLaltiodits
toolis, and was in the receipt of aPihandsome income. • lie
Wetillie a victim to this vice• although he was a married
*ff.:meth
were
ace
eettc tidelltrtremf thtengparia •s
pL tehtf wwhoilee.
finuranWiclii:ome°4.7"havirsno iidnedaulogfedseminonetvse.royr extravagance,
ship ship in one part of the parish, it world be matter of regret have sacrificed too much to caret about) futurity. Dress,
that in another part of the same parish a place of worship drink, luxuryltadsentehrility, uric the delights- in which
sptideldt.bexid6esstlr‘c.l".ed.
r,
stUsnutrofthtisheftieealine.g,toahetregtowtossatpLeas
othlte.ythreesesel
desires,.•homy unless • r dupe mugs the means to sup-
of ground eligible for the purpose of affording a site for young
the chapel, and situate in the west part of Brighton. After
• little consideration she acquiesced in the proposal ; and 'amount, with
11
gttesonsaaaway for aught they care. The
gratified these wishes; and to
tteepurapoasder.,
twmases,Kuatlitti
tool
tofontrgeerythtttoewattlhmoguet
accomplish mplimsanh hints
I the vicar, on an application being made to him, became 1 detection. But discovery at length took place. He was
responsible for the expense of removing and reconstructing n under conviction, but a poilitoflaw being, reserved
ththee biduilenditinegiionsoothemsampLiLetale andetr.
P,marltiw"inmdo"wsbbeiner ' 1 lwahalllgiu
n thedpaste on which a check was written was a vas ;
engem; he had great hopes of escape. They
employed in the edifies:. The building will be a church, or piu:ed hnso' ever, vain; and paw hopes
healed under '
chapel of ease, to the parish ehurcb.—Beighton Gazette: r his own hand. He left several children by different women,