The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-10 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 10.

Ir mu,t, we fear, be admitted to have been amongst
the designs of Providence, that a large proportion of
the labouring classes of the new world, and at least
those dratiued to cultivate its equatorial regions,
should be supplied from the African continent.
There aloes is to be found a race capable of braving
the sun of such regions. and of rand-rgoing the la-
bours of agricultural industry beneath it. We have
heard and seen irresistible tides of emigration, but
never was tide more irresistible than that hich
bears the negro from a land where labour is Tandems
to a lied when it is of all value.

What may be called the natural history of politics
has been but little studied. Had it been so, we
should have discovered a great variety of laws and
cares, manifest in the distribution of territory and of
race, which display a purpose, and which, however
produced by apparently natural canoes, not the
less mark the pre-arrangements of supreme wis
dom. Amongst the laws thus to be discovered
is that of the ponderation of racer, the be-
lance of power, cared for in divine as well
as in human polity, by which nations, sepa-
rated in tongue end in territory, in developing their
respective greatness and resources, have still been
prevented from treading down or annihilating their
neighbours. Nothing tended more to dia'urb this
balance than the discovery of the new world. Even
there it happened that the least powerful and most
limited of European races obtained ascendancy and
territory in America, from which those people who
exist in the greatest masses on the old continent, were
excluded. The French, the Germans, the Sclavoniana,
had no trine•etlantic colony; it would
.have made
them too powerful.
But this precaution was not enough. The exten-
sion of the Angio-Saxon race over the whole of the
northern portion of the new Continent, or even of
that less prolific and strenuous peninsular race over its
southern portion, would have given to each of them
a preponderance in the world, especially when drawn
closer by quicker means of communication, which
would have rendered the aims or impulses 01
their ambition or their caprices almost ir-
resistible. Their cupidity, there Pore, was left
to sow amongst them the seeds of weaknese, and in a
large portion of the new continent, the labouring
class has grown out of another race, habits, nature,
and colour. The element of weakness thus
grows with the element of strength, and the
Americans have within them difficulties and draw-
backs, which render them incapable of dictatorial
superiority to the old world. We do not
record this with any feelings of congra-
tulation or triumph. We merely state the
fact, and use it but to show that we have been
labouring during the last half century teeth against
the natural and the providential course of events in
s'riving to 'top altogether the nego emigration to
America. Such emigration must have taken place
had the negro been free in Africa, and endowed will
intelligence and information, and had the speculators
and employers on the American side of the Atlantic
been obliged to deal with him in the relation of
freeman to fre?man. The only mode of stopping or
checking this emigration was that of rendering man
and his labour more volusb'e in Africa, and less valu-
able in America. But unfortunately all our efforts
have had en opposite tendeocy, the complete and
forcible stoppage of emigration rendering man a drug
upon one shore, and a source of immeasurable profit
on the other.

It ii melancho'y to think, but, we fear, indispen-
sable to admit, that had the trade been lest to
itself, or controlled merely by the better observ-
ance of humarity, it would ere this have
ruched the point of i•s extinction. With
the regular supply of the demand for la-
hour, the gains and the cupidity of parties on either
aide of the kis/lac, would have been lees. Less csji-
tal wou'd have been engaged is such cultivation, or
at least would have ben employed by a greater num-
ber of smaller cultivators. The number of the sexes
of the forced or voluntary black emigration, would
have been more p-oportionate, their increase rather
than deperition in the new country second.
Brazil, which has won its Ire( dom and
self-control, would have been as advanced
as the United Sates are, a slave state
perhaps., but not an importing slave state. And we
should be spared the odium and the expense of strug-
gling against nature, as well as against our best poli-
tical friends and ca mmercial oonnexioos, in obedience
to a most noble, inde d, but a m it m'staken policy of
humanity. The world, however, is now as convioco d
as even parliamentary committee., of the futility of
prohibition, or of the attempt to put down by any
amount of vigilance, cwrcion, or expenditure the
trade is labour tom one hemisphere to the other.
And if any one could point out a feasible mode of
abandoning our now long-standing policy of preven-
tion it would, without loss of time, be attempted. But
trusties, it is sid, must be observei ; a fi.et, it is
urged, must be kept up for the protection of trade, if
not for the capture of slavers, whilst the powers and
the practice of p-evention ought not to be abandoned,
except in exchange far stit.ulitiona on the part of
the meat slave states, that their trade in man
be limited in time, and the severity of slavery miti-
gated in degree. The difficulty is also enhaeced by
the shame and even by the worse results of recanta-
tion. Th. ruined planters of our West Indian pm-
onitions taunt us with our fickleness and their ruin.
We, no doubt, have wherewithal to answer
these reproach..; but it is a dire and a boot-
less recrimination. &side., to open the trade
in labo;:r to Hull and Cuba, and limit it
to Jamaica and Demerara, is a. ding the wrong
of present injustice to teat of past ignorance.
We hear of schemes for licensing the trade to Rio
and to the Havana. But this torms but halt the
difficulty, but a portion of the question. We have
the labour question in oar own colonies to settle at
the same time, that we nego'iate its arrangements
with Spain and with Bevel. We have been gull,
in the name of humanity, of very groat igeurence
and very gross injustice. If we resolve to make
amends, let it be done on all hands evenly, honestly,
and sincerely.

THE letter of the President of the French Repob-
l'c to M. EDGAR NET is the most respectable ex-
pression of opinion that has yet fallen from him. It
is considerate of the French ministers, after having
made up their mind to insist upon "four points"
with Lis holiness the Pope, to allow the President
tie honour of announcing them. The only source of
regret lies in such a declaration not having
been made at flys!. Had General OUDINOT spoken
out thus at the commencement, France would have
been spared the odium of the sack of Rome,
and the Romans themselves been spared the cost wed
the sacrifice of b wades' resistance. How was it pos-
sible for MAZZIIII to suppose that the French enter-
tained libelist views, when neither the French com-
mander or envoy would express them? Or how be
aware that the French government, avowedly under-
taking the Its nyn campaign for the uthnlding of
what it was pleased to call the legitimate influ lice of
France, intended to base that influence not on the
gratitude of Pope and cardinals for despotic p ewer
restored, but on that of the people for the establieh-
rent e f liberal institutions.

Unfortunately some will sill sly that this Way
declaration in favour of Roman liberty hat ot.ly pro-
ceeded from the co'clners and contempt with which
Pope Pius has treated both the French army and the
Roman population, and thrt it was only ir, dr spair of
conciliating the cardinals that Louis Ndiroixow ap-
peals to the people. Others will say that his Ebe-
-1 rarsm is owing to the ryinpathies shown by the

French army to the people it has subdued. Whilst
by some it will- be attributed to the ex-
petience that the ultra-conservatism of the
French President en the Roman question
end his subserviency to the cause of sacerdotal and
absolutist power, have rather diminished than aug-
mented s`. is popularity at home and his chances of a
for gar or a prouder tenure of power.
We are by no weans inclined to find fault with a
personage in the position of Louis NAPOLEON, seek-
ing popularity and power. But he should certainly
either f. el or affect some higher sentiment or some
nobler aim. His career hitherto has been bat a series of
tacks and mancouvres, a dodging between liberals and
conservative., as if he evidently cared not one
fig for either, except to extract from either alternately
or from both at the same time, a certain portion of po-
litical eapital. Coquettirg with the Red Republicans
one day, prostrating himself before the goddess of
Order in the person of his old Ham jailor on another,
the French President has faied of securing any love,
adhesion, or attachment, from the observant men of
any party. He has, in fact, played over again the
part of Louis PHILIPPE without having that hold of
power, which allowed LOUIS PHILIPPE to play the
MACHIAVEL. Such a repetition of a worn out part
can never succeed, and we hays that the letter to M.
EDGAR NET is a proof, that Louis NAPOLEON, how-
ever late, begins to perceive this.
At the tame time our private letters from hely
would lead us to think that the declaration of the
French President was not eo formidable a menace es
it might be taken to be. These letters state that the
Pope is not supported in his u:traisin by Austria,
and that his reliaeos upon the cardinal. and upon the
marplot King of NAPLES, is not a policy approved
of by the absolutist courts of the east. Tilty
are said not to forgive Pius for having been
the first revolutionist of 1848, and they would not
be chagrined, if circumstances and his own obstinacy
should lead to a deposition and a forced resignation
of the Pontiff, or to a prolongation of the preieet
provisional and distracted state of the pontificate.
If there larks in this any design on the part of
Austria to retain the Legations, the declaration of
the FrerichPresident is a good measure of counteraction
for the secularisation of the administration, and the

introduction of the code Napoleon, is what the
legations most desire. It is not often recollected
that these provinces of the Romagna remained for
many mars under French sway, enjoying that system
of equality and justice, the greatest boon of NAPO-
LEON to conquered countries as well es to France.
The people of the legations sigh after a restoration of
the French law. And well they may; for with its
eattbliehment expires that wealth and influence f
the higher priesthood, which can only be kept up by
misrule, tyranny, and spolia'ion.
Every one cf LOUIS NAPOLEON'S four points tells
indeed against the priesthood. To grant an amnesty
to all their foes, to turn them out of the
administration, to establish a code of laws, which trey
cannot administer, and which is essenti.lly civilian,
not recognising any difference between laity and
clergy, and finally to iatreduce even a consulta, or
senate of laics—every one of these gives a death-
blow to the empire of the priests. And as to restoring
the temporal power in the person of the Pope, is -
!wing him from sacerdotal instruments and council,
it is absurd. Every future pope will be a 'pieta in
his administration, or he will not; if the firmer, he
overthrows all that LOUIS NAPOLEON insitts on ' • if
the latter, he vitiates the whole ay wem upon which
the popedoml is fouodtd. Whilst to blend the two
will be found to be impossible.
We have before remark. d the wavering direction
of LOUIS NAPOLEON'S policy. There cannot be a
stronger instance of thisthan in the fact of his having
undertaken the Roman expedition chiefly to conciliate
the catholic influence at home in the exercise of
universal suffrage; whilst he is now compelled to
turn the force of this expeditionary army against the
priesthood, for the very same purpose of recovering
popularity at home and of conciliating liberal and
anti-sacerdotal ids a..

We may at least draw from this the consllatory
reflection that democracy, however it may err for a
moment, cannot long go wrong, or be led astray from
its true interests and instincts, wh;ch must ever b •
those of civil and reiigious liberty, as well as of
national independence.

Mr. DENISON, the untiring advocate of the claims
put forward by the bigoted section of the Netioual
Society to the absolute and irresprnsib'e Ganef the
funds awarded to the Church by the State for educa-
tional Pore uses, has just made public " A Plan for
combining State Assistance with the Safety of
Crunch Education." The sefety of church education,
according to this gentleman and his friends, is only to
be preserved by granting to the church an unquali-
fied fr edom from interference in any matter directly
or indirectly connected with education, whether it be
money, b ohs, bricks and mortar, or achause in a lease.
giving all due credit to Mr. DENISON for the
talent, perseverance, and, we believe, perfect honesty
with which he has conducted his case, tee are still
breind to express our opinion that the most certain
effect which will be produced by the centinual bring-
ing forward the plans of his party, will be to convey
to the minds of the public a fixed impression that
the church, in the matter of education, hes
been, and is, acting the part of the dog
in the manger, and exaggerating the selfish-
ness of her canine prototype. Not only has she
not made use of the means et her disp *al, and re-
fused to allow others to make use of them, but ahe is
seeking for more meaner, and refuses to give snit secu-
rity that they shall be employed according to the in-
tention of the donors. The church, Mr. DENISoN
will not deny, had at one period the education of the
poor in her own hind'', the funds were ample, and
when the population increased to suet an extent as
to rr quire an increase of means, the church had but
to ask and have. There is not the slighteet doubt that
an active clergy, zealous in the cause of education,
would have been able, when population began to press
upon the funds at the disposal of the church, to obtain
euffi.iient assistance to enable her to carry out any
plan of educating the poor. So far, however, was
the church from fulfilling her duty, that Sunday
schools, village schools, schools endowed by nume-
rous societies, were introduced as measures to
all viate in some small &Tree the enormous
evil which she had neglected to check.
The amount of es-istance rendered in this manner
is a very imperfect measure of the sad consequetces
of the uealect of the church in this her primal duty.
Only when the evil wee attacked by others did the
church come forward to take a sulky part in the pro-
ceedings. The National Society itself is the result of
an antagonistic move of the high church party to
cheek a previous move by another party in favour of
secular education. The sate of the grammar scholls
all over the country, exposed by the report of a cr.m-
mission, forms ore of the bla heat records in the whole
history of abuse; and these schools were the exclusive
pose, soon of the church.

Unlete we bear these facts in mind, we shall be in
danger of list .ning wi h something like approval to
Mr. DENISON'S plan for the future application of the
government grant :

Founders and supportencf schools throughout each &occult
would, in each year, make their applicauon for as•is ance
through the diocesan burd of education to the bishop, and
the bishop would make his representation to the gout:taunt
to the following effect :
"That it had been certified to him that,
1. " Cer sin schools wet protected to be built in the
dicey se, with the circumstances of each proposal, and with
the amount of local c•mtributions in each separate case.
2. "That certain colter schools, speetying the eircumetantet
in each case, were in want of annual as‘ia! once of various
kinds, inc udi• g augmentation of eateries of masters and mie-
teeter., retiring pens one, &c. &c. This class would comprise
the schools of the union poorhouses.
t. " That a certain sum, in aid, was required for the mein-
tenance of training school., whe..ntr situate in, sr established
in CultoeiLiOa with, the diocese.
4. " That a c rain sum, in aid, was required for the pur-
pose of maintainieg en efficient diocesan inermatUrn."
The proper husinees a the de p•rtmeut of government to
which the 4 'batten of the educational grant was en•
true'ed would be simply to meet this repres•ntstioa by en
annual grant of storey to the bishop, to be transmitted to
the revers' parties through the diocesan hoard of saus.tion
to each 'smut as would be consi.tent with a regard to the
claims of other dioceses, and with a regard to the claims of
other religious
An annual return to pariiaenent of the moneys granted
and oppli.A, with the see, cal modes of ar,pleestion, and the
annual rzrtificate of the di ecesan inspector, as to the effi-
ciency of each school, would be the guarantees for the due
appl.cation of the public money.
Now the public voice has pronounced its cat:tee:lna-
tion of any system in which the church bee simply ti
receive funds which it is to expo(' nuder diocesan
inspection. Under dioc.fmn inspection the poor have
grown up heathens, and the revs-tines of pubi c • ..11 ul
have been misappropriated. The goverument has

ratified the decision of the public, and has
that something more efficient than diocesan in.
spection must be tried. The plan meet. with
the approbation of the sober portion of the
clergy. The Archbishop, himself, has publicly de.
Glared that the guarantees demanded by the given,
ment, or rather by its representative the committee ny
council, are unobjectionable. In the teeth of this ch.
claration Mr. Diemsox and his party, working ups,
the Puseyite feelings of a section of the Nniio,4l
Society, have succeeded in placing the soc'ety ja
direct opposition to the committee. The committees
driven into a oorner by the extravagant demand,
of Mr. DENISON and his friends, have be",
obliged to return such an answer as, in the ern*
of that gentleman, " has finally closed the cup.
tiation, and cut off all hype of an accommocletne
between the committee of council and the National
Society." Why should the parliament then again Is
asked to find a new solution t a problem whiele
it has solved long ago, to the satisfaction ni
the Archbi-hop aid a great majority of tie
car rgy ? Why is it to nullify its acts In
the dictates of a discontented minority? The
moderate portion of the church have b en kat
satialied with the complete acquiescence in
their views displayed by the committee, who ere
therefore not only justified in maintaining heir ?An.
tion, but required to do so. y are, in the executimi
of their duty, called upon to assert their rights IQ
those of the church at large against high choral inn*
vators. In the wards of Archdeacon Here, e Lbs
committee of council are bound to persist in their
!Alessi becteum they are aesertir g an important prin.
ciple. In fact, they are maintaining the cause of the
church, of the whole church, against those who
would sacr;fim the rights of the church to the
hierarchy."