The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-22 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 4846.

clergy wait to be like dire baths*;
mid flickuiands4 cf —them; soil `'field' tram fear
of offence, wcoild gladly be led ut seek a path sf
truth sad alafithiess.
What .as IMprosiod' wag" dtdde, throughout
the country, by the Bishop of Ofloati'S speech
on the Corn-laws! Would-that we might hear. _a.
voice so eloquent raised egeinat the Game-laws.
By taking tlio initiative ; or, where that is
already done, by giving their hearty and powerful
00-operation, in such measures of social reform; the
Establishment would furnish evidence for its proudest,
but most disputed title, of " the Poor Man's Church."
We make no indiscriminate or sweeping allegations.
It is not a common case for a clergyman's gamekeeper
to shoot a girl for gathering blackberries. But we
would have it common for the clergy to be the pro-
tectors of the poor from insult, injury, and oppression.
Few of the profession preserve their game ; we would
have them all preserve their consistency.

ON the whole, the spirit of the Irish landlords and
occupiers appears to improve. The crisis is too tre-
mendous for :ordinary selfishness. Here and there,
however, an instance still occurs in which even gene-
ral starvation is powerless against spendthrift rapa-
city. Crops are distrained on the ground, or saved
only by the menacing presence of the excited pea-
sentry. Still there may be more excuse for this than
we can readily conceive in England. The Irish small
farmer has many characteristics of the Egyptian
fellah, or Syrian riot. Similar causes have produced
analogous effects. The wretched cultivator of the
East will sometimes die under the bastinado rather
than disclose the hoard which will pay his tribute
twenty times over. Slavery has given him a sort of
selfish heroism. He looks on his state landlord as a
natural enemy. He professes inability to pay his
rent Viz, as he would bury his grain from a party of
invading foragers. Occupier and owner in Ireland
often bear only too close a resemblance to faith
and aga in Egypt. A slavery, less apparent than
that of the East, but equally fatal to the best part of
man, has' made reckless and needly landlords, tricky
and dishonest tenants. Both classes are working fatal
mischief at the present crisis. Landlords clamour
against relieving their labourers, while tenants evince
a disposition to shirk payment of their rents. Such
a course must lead to the direst consequences. It will
render the task of government, already so heavy,
utterly overwhelming. The time calls for devotion
from the rich and honesty from the poor. If Ireland
be untrue to herself, both in her high and low, no
effectual aid can flow from the best directed efforts of
England. In many cases, no doubt, inability to pay
rent really exists. In others advantage is taken by
those possessed of hoarded means, to withhold them,
under the plea of destitution. It is as incumbent on
landlords to inforce the payment in all such cases, as
to be merciful when blight has been beforehand
with them. Those who have fitly discharged
the duties of their position, will have little
difficulty in distinguishing helpless destitution from
impudent mendicity. They will know who can, and
who cannot pay, from that familiarity with the cha-
racter of their tenants which they have or ought
to have. But the rascality of a few is likely to be
made the pretext, in certain districts, for the oppres-
sion of all. Happily, or unhappily, there exists, in
the ready vengeance of a disaffected and organised
population, that check ou inhumanity which the law
cannot furnish.

The barony presentments continue. One hundred
and twenty-seven orders for sessions, under the relief
act, have been issued by the LORD-LIEUTENANT. In
his energy, no less than his popularity with all
classes and opinions, the Government will find ines-
timable support under their Irish difficulties. No
doubt is expressed, among the greatest differences of
opinion as to the particular classes of works to be set
about, of the good intentions of government.
The resolutions of the Kell° meeting have been
presented to the LORD-LIEUTENANT by the chairman,
Mr. NAPER, of Loughcrew. Those resolutions, in some
respects the most important that the distress has given
rise to, declared, inter alio, that to make the pre-
sent relief a means of future prosperity, it is essential
that the labour employed should be directed to the
improved cultivation of the land ; that the farm or
estate which is compelled to pay for agricultural
labour, should be entitled to have that labour for
which it pays; that in each district a committee
should be appointed of landlords, agents, and far-
mers, holding not less than a certain number of acres,
who should ascertain the number of labourers employed
and unemployed in the district, and the amount
required to be raised by rate for their employment ;
that this committee should arrange for the outlay of
such rate on each estate, and should have the power
to expend on public works any sums not so applied
in private labour ; and that its proceedings should
be open to the inspection of government. The Loan-
LtErrEnsarr, however, stated to the deputation that
it was not possible to put such a construction on the
Relief Act (10 Viet., 107) as would admit of the
object of these resolutions being carried into effect
under it. He urged them to make presentments for
public works under that act, and assured them of the
most liberal construction by government of any such
presentments.
These Kells resolutions embody a most important
principle. They contend for the employment of
government advances directly in the improvement of
the land. Concurrently with this proposal (supported
in a very powerful speech by the Archdeacon of
Meath at the Kells meeting) appear the resolutions
of the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland, that the
sums levied under the Relief Act should be employed
" in works of a profitable and reproductive character,
connected, if possible, with the improvements of hus-
bandry and the increased production of food." They
also recommend to the consideration of the gentry

and large landed proprietors, the 9th and 10th Viet:,
c. 101, commonly called the Million Act. By that
act no less than one million of money is allocated for
Ireland alone, to be lent at the rate of 3i per cent.
interest, for thorough draining the land, to be charged
by way of rent-charge on the land so improved, and to
be paid off in the course of twenty-two years by in-
stalments of 6 per cent, including the interest and
primary expenses.. The act also contains a clause
enabling the parties to redeem the rent-charge at
their pleasure, and affords such facilities for
raising money on the most reasonable terms,
and in the most summary manner, that it is well
worthy the attention of every proprietor anxious
for the profitable employment of the people and the
improvement of his estates. The Agricultural So-
ciety's resolutions declare that this act is totally inde-
pendent either of the public works or of presentment
acts, and can be worked either in aid of, or in eon-
junction with them, or as a substitute for their opera-
tions; and, if carried into effect at once, will supply
a vast deal of wholesome and legitimate employment
to the labouring classes, exclusive of the great national
benefit it will produce by improving the fertility of
the land and increasing the produce.
On the very day after these recommendations were
published, an important meeting seems to have been
held at Carrickmacroes, in which, while the fullest

credit was given to Government for what they have
already done, resolutions were passed, suggested no
doubt by the advice of the Agricultural Society.
The following are the resolutions which were adopted :

Resolved,—That the common Interest of the landowner, occupier,
and labourer, will be best consulted by the adoption of measures
which will afford employment to the labouring population, without
having recourse to the provision of the 9th and 10th of Victoria,
chap. 107, for effecting a similar object by means of public works.
" That the measures best calculated to attain the above object are
main draining and thorough draining, which combines substantial
improvement of the land with Immediate remuneration to the occu-
pier, and the means of making the same reproductive to him.
"That in the absence sf other means, the above measures may be
fully carried out under the provisions of the 9th and 10th of Victoria,
I cap. 101. entitled—' An act to authorise the advance of public money,
toe limited amount, to promote the improvement of land in Great
Britain and Ireland, by works of drainage.'
" That a committee be now appointed for the purpose of receiving
the magenta or dissents of the several proprietors of land in this
barony to the necessary proceedings for carrying into effect the fore-
going resolutions.

"Mg mid proonetess be. apd they an tiireby vegetated to 1
their...ns or dins. to the meld committee nth the
tai*
7.
ne aline Melmeektme eloilt an TIONVed tun meets
progeieeen npmeolms sat kee than four-fifths of
Uie lent Im heron, it Mellbirds atom* • t••••ing of
tee ateafdlie
deptatila IMO. Asp thereon.
" It glieWla Mat shPultem:bftlerf.Petlelandr,Orsi
form oed &Meg. es any be
cur=4the asenel=yettodamsretlbe sash may ss Tony be in.
,Ilmite 61412egir IttilldirrwriaalarrigeZ
6.
and MD la 1 Illiiiir the 1111.141.•
inters* apospisapi,assrarivr.setkilllllllll, us eeesrmameolved.
" 'ILI lin Inyeellen tint the esemiems=ree Mould
co-opens; ess Om es lia Wel Mr MR W lo-
crewed employment to the thheedies population."
Resolutions of a similar borer have been also passed
in Cavan. They all in their object agree with those
of the Kells meeting. Taking into account the cha-
meters of the men who presided over and attended
these several assemblages, the resolutions are entitled
to the most respectful and serious attention from
government.
The extant measures of the imperial legislature
seem to recogniele a similar principle. The 6th
clause of the Board of Works Act of 9th Vic. con-
fers on the commissioners a power of making ad-

vances by way of loan, for drainage, embankment,
reclaiming, or other improvements of land (provided
the commissioners officer certify an increase in value

from such improvements of ten per cent. on the pro-
posed outlay), to be repaid within twenty years after
the completion of the work. This, with the Million
Act, would do much to enable the skilful and energetic
class of Irish landlords (to which our correspondent,
Mr. HAMILTON, elsewhere alludes), to make improve-
ments at once permanent, and much required. They
would provide present employment for the distressed
labourer. The outlay would be repaid by greater
productiveness, agriculture would be improved, and
the demand for labour permanently increased.
Present employment would be given on the spot.
It would not tend to draw the peasant from
his home and his ordinary habits to a new
kind of work, in which extravagant expectation
leads to carelessness and idling. These arc all very
weighty reasons in favour of Government aid being
given to such attempts to employ the people on the
improvement of the soil, rather than on read-making
or levelling, or other works usually presented under
the Labour Act.

Something, no doubt, may be urged on the
other side. A great incitement is given to the
landlord to throw himself on the Treasury as an in-
exhaustible loan fund. The advance is immediate.
Repayment is twenty years off at least; an age to
Irish apprehension, which can no more grasp the
notion of ready money than of eternity. But if the
money be duly secured, and priority given to the
government charge, in the case of lands not already
encumbered to their full value, the Treasury
may guarantee itself against loss. The money is only
an advance; in no case a grant; while the surveyor's
or engineer's certificate answers for the value of his
improvement. The landlord might be as surely
bound to repay such advances as he can be to pay his
valuation under the Labour Act. In all our advocacy
of this measure we have taken for granted that the
works it sanctioned were to be reproductive, if not
immediately, at least ultimately, as well-considered
roads are certain to be. But there may be districts
in which new roads are not wen'ei, and where the
old ones present no hollows to be filled, or hills to be
levelled. Again, in many cases, nu public work of
drainage may be demanded, while yet agricul-
ture is at the lowest ebb for want of a
judicious expenditure of capital on private proper-
ties. In these instances, the measures recommended at
the Kells, Cavan, and Carrickmacross me•:tings seem
obviously best suited to the emergency. We have little
doubt that government aid will not in such cases be
refused.

There is a wide distinction between such a
plan of advances for agricultural purposes and com-
pliance with the demands of the Mounteashel class.
While every facility should be given to develope the
resources of the soil, on terms securing government
from hoe, not a single concession must be made to
the sturdy beggar. There is, perhaps, no country in
Europe in which famine would have found its victims
so defenceless as in Ireland. There is certainly none
in which it would have heard, from the natural pro-
tectors and bounden patrons of the poor, such a bare-
faced repudiation of their duties, and such abject
reliance on higher power. But the co-operation of such
men as Mr. NA PER, of Loughcrew, in the work of relief,
will enable the authorities to dispense with services, the
price of which is haggled for even amidst the wail of a
starving people. It is not because bad landlords will
be aided by it, that we press the scheme of the Agri-
cultural Society on public notice ; but because it seems
to us to recognise the essential principle which has
guided the executive in their measures, while it sug-
gests an application of the resources of the country
more beneficial in many cases than any under the
Labour Rate Act could possibly be.

The Passengers Act allows only 155 adult pas-
sengers to a vessel of the Elizabeth and Sarah's
tonnage; there were 241 on board. The Passengers
Act requires that 52 gallons of water be provided for
each passenger; this would give 12,532 gallons for
the Elizabeth and Sarah, which had only 8,700 on
board, and these in leaky and insufficient casks.
Under the Passengers Act, one-half the supply of
provisions should consist of bread or biscuit stuff;
I there was none on board, or if there were, none
was issued throughout the voyage. It must be
kept in mind, too, that the Emigration Com-
missioners, under the peculiar circumstances
of the present season, issued a public notice recom-
mending that no potatoes be shipped for the use of
emigrants. Twenty-two emigrants (at least) died on
the passage from Killala to Montreal. There were
76 cases of fever on board when the vessel anchored,
and seven of these proved fatal.
This is no ex parte statement by the poor emigrants
themselves. It is the report of the intelligent and
unbiassed gentleman employed to inquire into the
circumstances of the ease for the Montreal Herald.

The story more resembles some occurrence in the
middle passage of a slaver, than in a voyage of free
Britons from their native land in the temperate
regions of Britain to the equally temperate regions of
Canada. We know that such a case has occurred
this year: we learn from the report of the emigration

commissioners, that four cases similar it; kind
occurred last year. How many may have escaped
detection, the agents at the shipping ports obviously
give themselves little trouble to discover. How much
of misery may be inflicted upon emigrants by
negligence not sufficiently gross to attract notice ? This
is a question which concerns a large portion of the
community. The annual average of emigrants to the
British North American colonies during the last
twenty-one years, has been about 30,000: The annual
average of emigrants to the United States during the
same period, has been considerably higher. The
annual average of emigrants to all parts of the world
for that time, has been upwards of 600,000. We con-
fetti that we are unphilosophical enough to care more
for the evils that may befit' so many of our own

countrymen, than for all the interesting races of
Africa. It is in behalf; then, of our own blood and
lineage—of persons connected by many ties with
families still living among us—of the humble and en-
terprising who go forth to seek that reward for their
honest toil which is denied them here—that we appeal
to the public against the neglect of the Colonial Lend
and Emigration Commissioners, whom we hold re-
sponkible for their agents.

Tho Journal des Debate, which we receive with the
other Paris papers of Sunday, seeks to re-assure its
friends against the evil consequences of the escape of
the son of Don Carlos. Spain, it asserts, has but one
wish in the world, and that is to be quiet ; and all the
power of Carlism will not move it. This is very true,
that Spaniards do sigh after quietness. But who has
thrown trouble amongst them, and upon them?
From the task of consoling and re-assuring its
friends, the court journal passes naturally to that of
maligning its foes. It accuses the Spanish Liberals
of aiding in the escape of young Carlos • the honour
of which surely none can dispute with the French
police. It accuses some parties, who are not Spanish,
in aiding to procure the escape of the Carlist Prince.
Perhaps it alludes to the English, though the idea is
too absurd for malevolence. The cue of the French
ministerial paper is evidently to attribute the new
Carlist insurrection to " Pitt and Coburg?'
The Debate then says that the Spanish Progressistas
would be very culpable in aiding, or even tolerating,
the Count de Montemolin,who saw the Spanish Liberals
are " peaceably enjoying the benefit of the free institu-
tions of their country." This is too bad, too ironical.
We all know the fate of Olozaga and Cortina, not to
speak of Mendizabal and Exporter°. These most
moderate, most constitutional Spanish Liberals, who
had the weakness to aid in the French intrigue, for
establishing military government, no sooner opened
their mouths to protest, than they were thrown into
dungeons, menaced with executions, and proscribed
with every extremity of the most brutal tyranny and
the basest ingratitude. This the French court journal
styles " enjoying the free institutions or their
country."
The King of the French and Royal family continue
at La Ferte Vidame.

Admiral Nfackau, Minister of Marine, has left Paris
for a tour of inspection in the ports of the west, too that
there are only four Ministers remaining in Paris—
the Keeper of the Seals, the Minister of Commerce, I
the Minister of War, and M. Guizot.
. _

The Marquis of Normanby, after a short stay at
Vichy, has returned to Paris to resume the duties of
his embassy.
It is to be remarked, that the Count of Montemo-
lino and General Cabrera have succeeded in escaping
from France just at the moment when M. Isturitz
had entreated M. Guizot to have the frontiers watched
with extra diligence. At the time when the agents of
tke secret police were searching the house in which
Cabrera had resided lately in l'aris, the Spanish
general was on the Boulevards, talking publicly with
a well-known Marquis, member of the Chamber of
Deputies, and left Paris a few hours afterwards by the
Rouen railway.

We have advices from Madrid to the 15th inst.
The sitting of the Chamber on that day was with-1
out interest. The Minister of War read a bill re-'
specting recruiting, which was followed by a brief
conversation relative to the mode of verifying the
returns of the elections. The Cortes then adjourned.
The report runs that the dissolution will take place
between the 29th and the 30th of this month at latest.
The Countess de Bresson had arrived in Madrid. Senor
Isturita was to send his reply on this day to Mr.
Bulwer's last note. A courier had arrived in the
afternoon from England with despatches for the
Ambassador.

Captain-General Breton hes found it necessary to
relax Senor Mon's severe tributary system in Bar-
celona, and to order a return to the old moderate
subsidy for tax-payers of small means.
The Marquis de Santa Cruz, the Marquis de Povar.
and Senor Arana (the introducer of the ambassadors)
have been appointed to meet the I)uke of Mont-
pensier.
A well-informed correspondent assures us that
the Infanta Luisa has not the great fortune which is
attributed to her. Then King Ferdinand VII. died
he had in his private treasury about two millions
sterling, which he entrusted to the care of his Major-
Domo Grisalba, who was a very honest man, and died
himself a few days after the King, leaving his own
family in very impoverished circumstances, but no-
thing was known with respect to the two millions
sterling belonging to the late King, although it was
supposed they found their way somewhere : and
Queen Christina, it is said, will provide for the dowry
of the young Infanta from her own private purse.

CO iSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 2.
Among the Kurdish chieftains who have signalised
themselves by defiance of the Porte's authority, and by the
lawless and and s sage character of their lives, the Pacha of
ltavandouz stands foremost. To punish this formidable
brigand, and reduce his distr;et under submission to the law,
the Paella of Mosul and Bagdad have undertaken a joint
expedition. The latest news from Mosul represents this
moveme, t as having been partly successful, although the
great strength of those mountain-fastnesses in which the
Kurdish chieftain has taken refuge, and the extreme diffi-
culty which the country presents to military operations, may
raise some doubt with regard to the final result. The success
obtained was the surrender of a fort in which a great num-
ber of the clan had shut themselves up. The besieged sur-
rtudered at discretion. Nevertheless, they were allowed to
depart out f the fort unhurt, and to save their baggage with
them. To assist them in removing, two officers and some
' men were sent by the I'acha of Mosul with mules to carry
' the women, children, and chattels. The Kurds repaid this
act of humanity by cutting the throats of the Pacha's people,
and stealing the mules. Many of the perpetrators of this
horrible act of treachery were afterwards taken, and have
ro doubt since suffered the punishment their detestable crime
deserved. Tayar Pacha, the present governor of Mosul,
' seems to conduct his administration with much ability, and
to be animated by excellent intentions. He succeeded leas
than a year ago to a province exhausted by the exactions and
worried by the cruelties of Mehemet Pacha; who, during
four years, aided by his kiaya, Bekir Aga, exercised over
the unhappy population of the Tigris every vexatious
and wicked form of tyranny. After his dismissal from the
pachslik, a commissioner was sent on the spot by the Porte
to gather evidence relating to his crimes and misdemeanours
and after an investigation of the charges that were alleged
against him, the High Council of Justice degraded him to
the rank of bey, confiscated his property, and sentenced him
to imprisonment for five years. Another Mehemet Pacha,
now dead, had preceded this one in the government of
Mogul, and was no less wicked a tyrant. After so many
years of misgovernment that fertile and rich province is now
reduced to such a state of destitution that the central govern-
ment has remitted for a year the greater part of the taxes
levied on the inhabitants.

The mild and intelligent swayofTayar Pseha, united with
this benefit, is fast restoring the bruised people to a state of
ease and prosperity. Some months ago I had occasion to
describe to you the remarkable excavations which Mr. Henry
Austen Layard is conducting at Nimroud, about nine miles
from Mosul. The accounts which have been since received
of these works fully bear out the sanguine expectations
which that enterpnsing traveller had conceived from the
first, of the mound which he undertook to open. The first
discovery of any importance was of the two-wioged lions,
with human faces, twelve feet high, which I mentioned.
Between these, entrance was found into a vast hall, 1.50 feet
in length, and proportionably broad. The n ails of this hall
were crusted with marble, covered all over with sculptures,
in bas-relief, and inscriptions in the cuneiform character.
The subjects of the bas-reliefs are battles, sieges, lion hunts,
&c. They are nearly all in the most perfect state of preser-
vation. The action of the figures is spirited, and the caning
executed with the greatest nicety. Many weapons and
machines of war occur in the pieces, which prove that the
ancient Assyrians had attained the highest degree ef per-
fection in the manufacture of arms, and of skill in the siege
of fortified places. Those prodigious engines, the battering
ram. the catapult, the tower, moving on wheels, which were
used in sieges by the Romans, and by the armies of the
middle ages, down to the invention of gunpowder, make
their appearance in these Assyrian bas-reliefs. The ele-
gance and variety of the battle-axes, scimitars, spears, parti-
sans, &c., as well so of the defensive armour, is remarkable.
From this central hall there are passages, each furnished at
its entrance with a pair of winged lions, or winged bulls,
leading into chambers on either side, crusted in the same
manner as the hall with marble bas-reliefs and inscriptions ;
and from these again there are other passage* leading into
chambers beyond, which seem almost endless. It is needless
to point out what a vast archmological treasure has been here
disinterred. At the same time, there is some danger of its
being lost to our nation, through that unseasonable economy
and rude indifference which marks the proceedings of the
English government in all questions where the acquisition of
ancient monuments of art is concerned. The excavation of
Nimroud has hitherto been carried on, I understand, wholly
at the private expense of Sir Stratford Canning; who,
roused by the discoveries of M. Botta, at Khorsabad,
despatched Mr. Layard, about a year ago, from the embassy
at Constantinople to Mosul, furnishing him, at the same time,
with a firman, authorising him to open any mounds he
might think proper, which the English ambassador's per-
sonal influence had procured from the Sultan. It will have
been seen by the description given above how far the saga-
city of Mr. Layard was approved by his selection of the
mound ofNimroud. Without an invidious disparagement
of the labours of M. Botta, it may be saftly affirmed that a
much richer mine of antiquities has been discovered at Nim-

road than existed at Khorubad. Itut of NI the
shortly have as opportunity of judging for theitteat„.".,
the eontents of those cases which Mr. Layard has
succeeded in shipping off for England, and which wirt7,..
may hope, ere long be safely installed in the Brit
ln the meantime, why should not the government take rye
matter into its own hands ; at once establish the axes,
operations on a scale to which the fortune of a private
tleman mast prove inadequate; and secure, by a
' grant of money, these valuable monuments, which
otherwise be lost to the country. The value silltadt-71.
French government attaches to the laborite of M..Batta7
proved by its voting, in June last, without any *
292,660 fr. for the publication of that gentleman's greet
on the subject of his discoveries, with the drawings re it
Flandin. lam not aware that Mr. Layard is salaam
by
any artist. I believe that he is himself a profieient is lug; but it would be certainly advisable that he sheik L
relieved by the aseistanee of a competent draughtsman,
to be able to devote himself, without interruption, to the
of the inscriptions, and the other departments of the streig
Beside the liberal sum voted for the publication of 1.1.110,,
work, the French government gave both him and M. Fl::
din handsome salaries during the three years they wets ult.
ployed at Khoreabad, and allowed 60,000 fr. for the tem,
of removal, and 100,000 fr. for excavation; the whole at;
peaditurc amounting to between twenty and thirty them,
pounds. Nimroud is between twenty and thirty mike trg,
Khorsabad. The old Pacha visited the excavations of*
and appeared greatly edified by the bas-reliefs and lam*
tions. The excavation of Kinn oud is not the only obligati,
the English people owe to Sir Stratford Canning, for
seal and liberality in obtaining ancient numumeoa of art fy
their museum. The marbles of Xanthus and Boadatua
were procured by his i:dustry ; and both, I believe, at a
considerable outlay from his own private means.
The High Council of Justice have on their hands at tilt
moment an important subject of investigation. The as".
OW charges of oppression which have been brought mai,
Mehemet Reschid Pacha, Sereskier of Rumelia, harem,.
Boned an inquiry to be made into his .induct, whisk eigk
without any question, terminate in his disgrace, if uot is.
prisonment. The influence of Riza Paella has been naig.
fasted so strongly in the late appointments, and
in the discharge of that deserving officer, Hsi.ji Reba
Effendi, upon which I had to comment in my last "Rik
that Rebid Pacha has taken disgust, and has gives ap
tending the sittings of the Cabinet Council—a syfpua
of evil augury for this country, which will lose to him the
only minister capable of carrying out those reforms emeatig
to the maintenance of the integrity of the empire.
It was given out that the foundation-stone of the nonnalgh,
would lot laid yesterday, by Meat Puha, President of fee
Council. The site chosen for the building is a largo,*
place, which the Turks call by the Persian word Irma), et,
posit. the mosque of St. Sophia, which was once oceupiedip
government stores. These were burned down elm' ea
twelve years ago, and the spot has been a heap of mime*
since. "The ceremony, for some reason, was deferred. The
school, when completed, is to hold three hundred pal*
who are supposed to have already received the 0052010 a refs
meats of education ; and, at the end of three years, attest
proper instruction under the best teachers that can be pa.
cured at present, one hundred arr to be sent to differalt
places, to take charge of provincial schools, and to intrude&
into these a new fashion of learning. In the mesa time,
fifty inspectors are to be sent to the provincial 'cheek*
report upon the changes desirable in the present lurk g
teaching, and to instruct the Hodjas in the modifieatitei
which the government desires to introduce into the all
system of education. An academy, or committee of edam.
tion, is to be formed of eighty persons, forty of whom are to
he corresponding members. To this court lure the care g
all questions connected with education will be committed.
The normal school is to be endowed with a yearly fold
amounting to 2,000,000 piastres (about 18.0)0/.), and a esp-
tal amounting to 20,000,000 piastres will be placed at tia
disposal of the Committee of Education. Part of the flunk
is to be laid out in getting good clambooks, translated rem
the European languages into the Turkish. All sounds wdl
enough. May it not end, as too many specious undertakao
do here, in jobbing.
A great deal of sickness prevails here at present. The
doctors term the most common complaint a sort of sporadic
cholera. Mr. Willesby has been seriously ill, but is
nounced to-day to be better. Ismail Pacha has left the
capital for the head-Tr:eters of the army of Arabia, apart
of which is destined to act under his command in the re
since of Diarbekir against the insurgent Kurds. Lem'
dated August 4, •rom Tabreez, represent the cholera as ear-
rying off 200 lives daily at Teheran. All commercial open.
tons were suspended. The fear which prevails at TabrsC
that the malady would make its way thither, had produce'
a commercial panic. A sanitory cordon was on the point of
being established on the Persian and Turkish frontier. A
very destructive fire burst out at Andrianople on the Mk
ult. 600 houses, 116 shops, 40 taverns, 6 synagogues,lo
schools, and 15 storehouses were burnt down ; I easi
ng a
thousand families rootless and rained. Tnyar Paths be
hayed with great. energy and humanity, and has lodged l
families in his own patace. The rest have met with sym-
pathy and a-sistance from their fellow townsfolk. The kat
of property is valued at 18 millions of piastres.

FILANCE.—FonGERY.—An important arrest, as
regards the public and private interests of Europe, was made
in Paris on the 17th inst. The following is a detailed aid
correct account of the affair :—Ten year ago the Preside
Government, which has suffered very severely from the im-
mense issue of false paper money, made application to tie
French authorities to aid it in discovering the delinqueni,
and in the year 1841, sent to Paris a special officer to maim
in concert with the police of this city, the necessary inquiries.
But all the exertions made were fruitless. Early in 1842, a
despatch from London made known the emission of forgot
notes of the Commercial Company of Belgium, and,
consequence of the information thus given, a worms,
named Danclle, was arrested at the Prefecture of Polies
while applying for a passport, which there was reuse
to suspect was intended to facilitate the escape of a forget
On searching her house at Passy, a press with took
and materials used in making false :Wee were mired;
and a man who called himself Pressel, an architect, a native
of Stuttgarilt, who bad been introduced t i the woman
Dandle at London, by a man named Romanzow, with whom
she lived us hie mistress, was arrested. It was soon die-
covered that the notes of the Commercial Company of Bel-
gium were forged by the same hand that produced the false
Prussian notes. This was Romanzow, who was in Dandles
house at Passy, when it was first entered by the police, id
made his escape to his own private lodgings in the Rue du
Fosses Monsieur le Prince, where he destroyed everytrace at
his malpractices and then made his escape. In the coarse
of the searches at l'assy, as in the Rue des Fosse. Monsieur
le Prince, a strong likeness of Romanzow in oil colours
was found. Of this portrait the police had lithographic
copies made and distributed, and the Bank of England pub-
lished a large reward for his arrest and conviction. Two
years elapsed without any recurrence of these forgeries. it
last a man, calling himself Linder, went to M. Bourbon, a
money-changer, in the Rue Neuve des Petits Champs, sad
asked for French money for an English bank-note for 1001.
Id. Bourbon suspected the note to be false, and at the same
time remarked the strong resemblance between Linder ad
the portrait of Romanzow, of which he had a copy. The
man, perceiving the suspicions of M. Bouchon, at °mermaid
out of the shop, leaving the bank note behind him, which,
after all, proved to he genuine. The declaration made by
M. Bouchon of this strange occurrence, coupled with other
information gained by the police, led to a conviction that
Romanzow had returned to Paris, and the prefect issued
orders to his officers to redouble their vigilance in seeking oat
this able and dangerous foreigner. Suspicion soon after-
wards fell on two men, living in opposite quarters of Paris,
under the names of Rene and Germain. Warrants were
issued, and a commissary of police went with one ti a small
apartment, at No. 11, Rue d'Anjou St. Honore, where he
found the man living under the name of but who wm
at once recognised to be Romanzow, who did not attempt
to deny either his identity or his culpability, for flagrant
proofs of him crime of forgery lay all around. He is
young and of prepossessing person and manners. He pro-
tested that he never meant to do harm to individuals, bat
only to avenge himself of governments for having been de-
spoiled of his own fortune by an iniquitous judgment. In
his possession were found thirty-two Bank of England five-
pound notes. and twenty-five sheets of water-marked peer,
which he declared he had himself manufactured, besides
various tools and implements for forging, including several
engraved copper-plates, one of which was for nous of the
Bank of France, not finished. While this seizure was being
made, another officer went to the abode of Germain, whore
real name is Knappa, at No. 5, Rue de laTour &Auvergne.
This man, as well as his accomplice Romanzow, is a native
of Rhenish Prussia. He was in bed, with loaded pistoh
within his reach, but the officers came upon him so suddenfy
that he could not use his arms against them or himself. Hf)
also made a full confession, and gave up many papers, tees,
which will become evidence. If the two accomplices are to
be believed, they have lately issued false paper to no lemer
amount than 40,000 fr. Romanzow dams that he was, in
1833, serving at Cologne in the Bombardiers, when a comrade
named Balus was tried for forging paper dollars, but ass
acquitted, and that this encouraged him (Romanzow)
attempt raising money by the same means.
GERMANY.—VIENNA, SEPT. 13.—Different Ger-
man journals stated that the Austrian Government intended
annulling the sequestration of the property of Prince
Czartoryski. We can state, on good authority, that the
government did not deem it suitable to eater into negotia-
tions with the chief of the revolt in Galicia. Stethi4l4
Mercury. Sept. 17.
AUSTRIAN FRONTIER, 12m. The question of
the duchies has not caused that enthusiastic sensation is
Austria, which it has done in the other parts of Germany.
Some desire German unity, but others look upon the quer
lion in a more Austrian point of view.
BERLIN, SEPT. 11.—The recognition of the Queen
of Spain has been formally resolved on by the Prussian
government. An ambassador extraordinary will notify the
marriage of the Queen to the three great northern powers,
they will reply in a similar manner, and diplomatic rela-
tions will be renewed. Prussia it is said intends establishing
a consul at Barcelona.—Cologne Gazelle.
PoSEN, SEPT. 9.—An extraordinary sensation hii
been caused here by the setting at liberty of Dr. Gaseirowtkii
who was arrested as politically suspected, and also Mr. on
Lipski, and of the proprietor of the mill, where the person
implicated in the affair of the 3rd of March assembled. If s
refutation were needed of the foolish reports about poisoning
which were circulated at the time in the journals, the release
of those nersor.s would be sufficient.
POLAND.—Wsits.kw, AVG. 28.—The gazettes of
this town publish an ordonnance, addressed by the prince-
lieutenant-general of the kingdom, relative to the impend
ukase, concerning the relations which are to be established
between the peasant and landed proprietors. Its principal
features are the suppression of gratuitous services and dad
of corre:e, and places the peasants under the special protec-
tion of government in all their relations with the landed
proprietors. They are not by any means to be placed at a