The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-23 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING. AUGUST 23. 1849

itroSN-linewaxon.—Tlte market to-day was not so
soot, although there was • t
a
t of badness trionseted.—
Drava Northern (S par east. prat. ha. Se d. L. and York sat.), 1k 4.
—taineashity and Yorkshire (fifth shares), 665 kL—Loncion and
Nortts-Westars, 1214—Ditto (new I darts), 365. 3d. v.—Manchester,
lballsid, and Liman a shares), e. 41—Midland, a. 64 4—Ditto
ii okerws), 144 el.—Shrewsbury and Cheshire N. W. N. (pref. guar.
per cent.l 137—York, Newcastle. and Berwick (0. N. E. 6 per cent.
NZ 11130), Si e. i d.

Vie erpreoo.

OUTGOING MAILS.
The mall for the British Nerds Miseries and the ITnited
Stare vr ill be made up tomorrow evening, Aug. 24.
The mills, vie Marseille', to the Mediterranean, Egypt.
The
Inge, liong-Kosig, de., will be made up to-
moms; meths, Assume 24.
The snails for Vige, Oporto, Lisboa, Madeira, Cad* and
Gibraltar. will he mode upon Asignm,27.
The West Inas Moab, Iseleding Bermuda, Havanna,
Neon, Honduras, New Orleans, sodMesiee, and minding
those tor Madam, Bt. JusodoNtraregua, New Granada,
Chili, sad Peru, will be made up on dept. 2.
The mails ter Madeira, the Brodie, sad Buenos Agree.
will be made up on dept. 4.
The mails for Gibraltar, Melts, Greece, the lonian Islands,
ligspt, Ceylon, India, and Chins, via Southampton, will
be made up on Sept. 20.

WON RATE& AT LOXDON BRIMS.
Tuts ihlt—lktersWO& 01. pot I; Afterroa, SI Ws. post O.
To.measemr-lAassiag. 13 AAA. past 1; ADAraens, 13 W. palm I.

LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 23.

THE Peace 13 viety takes it for granted, and, we
think, with justice, that public opinion will hence-
forth rule, or at least have permanent influence over,
the march of government in every nation. It there-
fore seeks to enlist public opinion on its side, on be-
half of • principle too much neglected. It seems at
first sight a gratuitous task to gut up an association
in favour of pe ice. One might as well, it is objected,
form a society to promote justice or the feeling of
charity. But the fact is, that there are so many
interests and philosophies continually exerted to
keep up war for war's sake, that it is necessary to
counteract them. War as a creed, has, first of all, a
numerous profession f,r its priesthood. And, unfor-
tunately, princes and courts invariably enter into this
hierarchy, wear its vestmen's, and think themselves
strengthened by the familiar allegiance of the soldier.
European monarchs at pr&sent are universally given
to trust only that portion of their subjects who have
taken the military oath ; and, as their skill does not
go beyond the governing these, who are bound and
interested in the most blind and slavish obedience,
they scorn civilian adhesion, and indeed civilian go-
vernment, in order to rule, like Roman emperors, by
their Prretorians. We have here a doable reason for
combating the military spirit, not merely for the sake
of humanity, but of freedom and civilisation.
The Peace Socie'y has before its eyes at this moment,
the example of the mast nefarious war, waged by three
nations, not one of the three nations either caring one
jot, or being. interested one atom, in the struggle.
The Hunoartans had no wish for the deadly struggle.
They only asked their ancient institutions, habits, and
independence. The Russians, it is well known—even
the Russian soldiers and officers—view the war with
distaste ; they think it fratricidal, Tney contemn the
Austrians for attemptingan oppression, which they are
not able to enforce; and the universal sentiment of the
Russian is, admiration for his Hungarian foe, contempt
for his Austrian protegi. The Austrians themselves
have no interest in the subjugation of Hungary
which was anxious to acknowledge a Hapsbu ki
if one could be found capable of ohierving an eating, 1
of acting cn the principles, and with the feelings of a
man and a gentleman. Yet are all these three national
precipitated into war by the wilfuloess and folly of
three insane individuals • by the late Emperor of 'I
AUSTRIA, a recognised idiot, by STADION, cant to a
mad-house, and by the Emperor NICHOLAS, worthy 1
of one. Never was such a melancholy q.esoct absurdens
proved of absolutist governments, as in the case of I
this Hungarian war. And in fact, every war, or pro-
spect of war in Europe, originates solely in dynastic
causes and interests. It is the Hapsburg dynasty
trying to recover by violence the monarchy which it
haslet go to pieces by its cruelty and incapacity. It
is the Prussian dynasty
.seeking to swell into the
imperial. It is the Hussein dynasty defending itself
from the cons'itutional principle in Hungary, and lay-
ing the foundation of a new empire of the East on tU
Danube. It is the Napoleonian dynasty crushing a
free people, in order meanly to curry favour for itself
with Pope and priests.
The Peace Society, however, has not undertake*
the mission of reading lectures to kings. It wants ,
the authority, and perhaps the courage, to preach, as
the old ecclesiastics did, the truce of God. But as it
refrains from attacking rulers, it should also refrain
from flattering them. It has held its sittings in the
capital of a nation, once all warlike, but now cured of
such ambition. The place and the audience
were well chosen. And the French deserve
all compliments for the firmness with which
they have resisted all temptation to acquire dominion.
But certain statesmen may enter that pescehall and
claim eifsitit for their forbearance. Some minister
and friend of Lours NAPOLEON may profess peace to
be his principle. We trust that the Pace Society will
set allow itself to ba thus tricked into any community
with, or approbation of, that government that wan-
tonly bombarded Rome and spilled so much of human
life and French honour in the rescuing Rome from a
constitution in order to hand it over to the rule of
three despotic cardinals.
The Peace Society has much cause for real =gra-
talation in this, that we do not think there is one I
people now in Europe which desires to oppress
another people, and hence this one great and inveterate
cause of war is at an end. Bat although nations
have thus come to acknowledge each other's rights,
it is not so with the rulers of nations. Never,
indeed, were princes and statesmen so immensely
behind the political ideas and virtues of the people
whom they govern. The ruling class in Europe is,
indeed, with few exceptions, still living on the old
ideas, and aim*, and intrigues of the last century,
which nations have altogether flung away. What
body of Frenchmen would think of bombarding
Rome for the sake of establishing French influence in
,Italy ? Such a betise could only germ in the brain of
what calls itself a statesman. What Russian, except'
the Emperor, would meddle with the Hungarians, or
think it glorious or polit;o to do so? What Austrian,
except such an idiot as Scuweavzganzau, or such •
nonentity as the young Emperor, would have called on
the Russian armies ?
The enemies and antagonists of the Peace Society,
then, are to be found on the thrones and in the cabinets
of Europe, not in the public squares or streets. The
people nowhere meditate war, except in the flagrant
and imperative necessity of self-defence. But of this we
need not speak in conjunction with the Peace Society,
as their object is to abolish international war, and
establish in lien of it purer modes of settling inter,
national differences. But with civil war, or with the I
struggles that arise between peoples and their rulers— I
with these the Peace Society can have nought to do.
They cannot pass judgment in the quarrels that divide
princes and subjects. It would be a breach of its'
own law of non-intervention for the Peace Society to
do so. They cannot lay down how much oppression
a people ought to bear, ere it flings patience to the
winds, and grasps the sword to right itself. The
eons of those Englishmen, and of those English sects,
who took up arms for civil and religions liberty, and
which with those arms conquered both, cannot go
forth to preach indefinite patience and submission to
Hungarians or to Germans.
The good time," perhaps, "is coming," when the
Peace Society might not only preachbut perform virtues.
But most decidedly it has not come. Europe is
almost throughout its entire space kept down by mi-
Mazy government,which may in time inspire rulers with
the idea of continuing to reign on purely military princi-
plea. If the people are never to resist such a usurpa-
tion, then we shall see Europe converted into a Para-
guayorith • succession of Dr. Flumes for its paternal
despots. We must own that we should feel inclined
to preach some other than pesos doctrines amongst
a population so oppressed. Fortunately it happens
that in moat countries, menaced with soldier rule, the
soldiery are but the people themselves, rendered lees ,
passionate and more circumspect by habits of discip-
line, and by the military oath. But the opinion of
the whole people will soon be that of the soldiers, so that
Hen, eb
be
, a
achievedthing impossible.
inpeace,
"And
the partly military government revered by so many of
oar
rs
times,l 13 as t homethank
k
in-
dependence abroad may be maintained by the same.
As to us, we are the moat zealous champions of
peace, but it is upon one condition, that neither freedom
nor justice be sacrificed to it.

FINANCIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY REFORM. A
meeting took place at Norwich, on Tuesday, to promote
them object.. -Mr. J. D. Smith was called to the chair, and
resolutions were adopted, affirming that the only right to
the suffrages .md confidence of the people swim, not from
wealth, government foronr, or party protessions, but from a
manly and steady adterence, on all occasions, to them prin-
ciples which will secure a large extension of popular rights,
and the utmost economy in the public expenditure.

•
THE HAMBURG RIOTS.
bitelligent correspondent writes es follows:
HAMBURG, AUGUST 18.
The occupation of Hamburg by. Prussian troops is
likely to exalts serious apprehensions in a country
which has probably a more intimate oommemial rela-
tion with that town than with any othet town or
oountry in Europe. The question naturally suggests
itself, will Proem incorporate this great emporium
into its tsiritories, and is its military occupation the
first step to each en incorporation)
The apprehension implied in this question is un-
founded. The Prussian aarrison may be dangerous to
the ltberal party in Hamburg, but neither to the
town itself nor its trade. This can easi be shown.
The senate and incorporated citizens of Hamburg so-
lemnly promised last year to give the inhabitants the
constitution which emanated from a specially ap-
pointed coastituent assembly. This constitution was
completed and published about a month ago. It
avoids the errors of the lumbering constitution previ-
ously in operation, but is faulty apparently in en op-
pisite direction, in so far as by universal suffrage and
triennial election it threatens a perpetual agitation.
This, however, affords no apology for the refusal of
the senate to keep its solemn promise. Toe people—
not the populace alone but the middle classes, who
compose a majority of the privileged citizen s—aro in
this opposed to the senate. They were lel to be-
lieve—whether on good grounds or not is beyond
our knowledge—that the senate had asked the assist-
ance of Prussian troops to put down the con-
stitution. It was this belief that gave occasion,
when a Prussian battalion, on its way from Sobl et
wig, entered Prussia, to the insults which the soldiers
endured with a degree of humanity and discipline
that evinced true courage. These insults gave
Prussia a right to demand satisfaction, and to occupy
the town till it was given. The satisfaction demanded
—hospitable care of the wound, d soldiers and punish-
ment of the offenders—was little likely to be refused
by a smite who, by their perfidy and bad policy
had been the original cause of the offence. As soon
as the desired satisfaction is given, every pretext for
occupying will cease, and the soldiers will be with-
drawn, unless the senate petition that they may be
allowed to remain.
Bat unfortunately there is too much reason to fear
that the senate will petition for the extension of the
term of the military occupation, till it can set aside the
ritution.

COLONIAL.
THE CONDITION OF JAMAICA.
(Front 'Correspondent)
P. A GOSHEN, 3m 20.
The circumstances of this island become daily more
deplorable. All parties c =plain, and without exag-
gerating either their position or their prospects.
Speaking as a coffee planter, I can affirm that the
prices of last year were worse than unrememerative ;
for with the exception of the samples shipped from
favoured districts, they did not cover expenses of
cultivation. The long continued drought of this
year (eight months!) has made the coffee and
pimento crops, at all events on the south side,
total failures. The a .me visitation has ruined all the
domestic crepe in that locality, if not more generally ;
so that, between the dried-up. ponds and dried-up
pastures, cattle have been dying in numbers', and
both man and beast are suffering from positive famine.
Money, the while, is equally scarce " tight," as
Moses and Son can fit it ; and credit has become an
obsolete accommodation : a state of things particu-
larly calculated to cotivince the planters (at last) of
the imprudence of not having made the island syste-
matically a self-supporting country, as all countries
must be to maintain a permanent prosperity ; as it is,
we are always partially, but now entirely, dependent
' for our daily bread on the commercial retailer of im.
ported stores. In the midst of all this a very puzzling
problem presents itself. Scarcely an individual is
so far independent of the untoward contingencies of a
few year', as to be able to support his struggling
property through (it is to be hoped) its temporary
difficulties, or to maintain his private condition in a
manner suitable to the station of which his posses-
sions are the symbol. Extensive estates and planta-
tions are thrown up in all directions ; in a great many
cases their owners are confessedly bankrupt, and the
general aspect is one of material decay. The "I-land
of Springs" has lost its metallic elasticity and
one shock after another has brought it to its Bernier
ressort. To be sure some rail at the weak interposi-
tion of an " old buffer" attached thereunto, as rather
increasing than modifying the effect of the unfor-
tunate collisions which have lately taken place. But
what can a buffer avail, whatever be its "excellency,"
when jammed by the sudden stoppage of the "bank
engine into the jaws of a heavy train of rattling diffi-
culties?" However, all the government lines are
thereby at a stand still at this moment, and all pro-
ceedings have been for some time arrested, save and
except the monotonous motions of the House of As-
sembly—movements " not to advance," like those of
a baby jumper. In fact, opposing parties seem more
ready to recnmminate causes than to co-operate for
the removal of obstructing consequences.
The Government of Great Britain abuses and chas-
tises her colonial offspring, as an overgrown baby
ever crying to be carried in the protecting arms of
its mother, instead of endeavouring to ran alone.
On the other hand, the colony accuses the mother
(toiletry of being an "injusta tsocerca"—a very bad
" Bonne" indeed—one of the Sairey Gamp and Betsy
Prig order, thinking more of her perquisites than her
patient, not scrupling even to snatch away the pillow
on which the sufferer seeks to repose and retrench the
spent powers of his constitution, an order to bolster
rep an easy place for her own members.
There should be an amicable adjustment of these
differences, mince more truth exists on both sides than
each party is willing to allow.
England colonises after a most selfish fashion, her
emigrating subjects cease to be her citizens, while
Pttt
those
hvea
hper n
osec t
Be theone
all the fruits of their enterprise must be sieved into
her lap, nevertheless. She cramps the development
of their powers by forcing them to exercise in a go-
cart of her own construction, and then suddenly tak-
ing away their artificial support, she tells them to
run alone.
The duties which she, in the first instance, im-
posed on her children were perhaps too indul-
gent, but, right or wrong, they certainly were
very obedient to her regulations, and now, she im-
poverishes, degrades, and neglects them for the,
benefit of strangers who scorn her principles.
She obliged them to boy labour at the rate of 1001.
which she then took away, leaving them a loser of
three-fourths by the pompous grant of a professed
compensation. She gives not her colonial offices and
rewards to those who have devoted their time and re-
sources to the social or agricultural service of the,
island, but diffuses them at the request of the home
partisans of her ephemeral politics, or the relatives of
her corps diplomatique. Scarcely a situation from
that of stipendiary magistrate to the landing-waiter,
is in the gift of the island authorities, or bestowed
on individuals interested in its soiL In fact,
Lord Grey is said to have convenient prejudices in
these matters, esteeming it to be prejudicial to the in-
terests of the colony to confirm appointments made
here, however qualified the parties may be ; and I
have known, within no very long period, both those
above-named cancelled after having been satisfacto-
rily held for some time, in favour of a lucky gentle-
man from Downing-street. The governors have
generally been appointed without reference to eta-
mency, and removed without regard to the '
wishes of the colony • and every kind of
bird to be found in the promiscuous aviary
of the minister has been in turn perched oa the
exalted neat with its golden egg, no matter whether
hawk, parrot, owl, or goose.
I must beg to say that these observations are not
personally directed. Placed under circumstances of
such extreme difficulty as the present governor is;
linked as he is with the government at home, and
shackled by its regulations ; sumunded as he is by
parties holding such opposite opinions, and
influenced as he necessarily must alternately
be by various information, tinctured by selt-
interest, prejudice, and disappointment, Ido not see
how he could well act so as to please all parties, or
goodn ighintteinntiohnis
views he may not be, but I am satisfied that his mo-
s
excellencyla showfollows.
take an independent course according to his own im-
chdomoefitaioodnmohwee go
most
recommendation
complain mustcontaiiled
breminemthbeeredisianthadt had
d
,
lung in ewmoublrayohabveeebnnfnoliloondest
followed,
in his Excellency's praise.
With regard, however, to the grievances enume-
rated, they may embrace many evils, but they cannot
allihanll inwehcissicute ao