The Express.
London, England, 1848-10-21 00:00:00

fHE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 21, 1848.

the reception and the sues safol growth of the seed. True
it is, Vint intellectual sultan, a very far from bring
sentient to wore the suocesalel growth of sound religion,
hot it is one important point I. its (arca,. True it is that
highly ehiUsed sad intelligent and learned men may be
utter strangers to the Oompal, bat it is no less true that
while thaw way be good Chrisisas, men left in the linnith
irate of soma arm coo. There ere, indeed, nations con•
sidsrablyadvancod to civilisation who continue Pagans, tint a
mom of may chri„,tian savages INT*? eximtvd, no rrrrr
In aLI the molly inscasfal efforts of Christian mintioniurias
swarm wart wilier, it will be found that eivilisition and
csavorolom hare always 8012111 band In hand.
There is a lair party amonpt the clergy in Ire-
land who holdoputions diametrically opposed to those
contained in this extract. This was sufficiently shown
in the discussion on the motion of Mr. 13. A. IGxllr
TON on the 21st of August. Mr. HAMILTON on that
occasion implored the government either to retraoe
the steps they had taken in the matter of education in
Ireland, or else make a separate grant for the behoof
of those who wished to conduct education on the prin-
ciple of excluding nine-tenths of the children waiting
for instruction—of thaw who did not, in a word, be-
.... .. .

l.eve with the archbishop, that ";civilisation and -con-
version have always gone hand in hand." The mo-
tion was not successful, but the party whom
wishes it represents is as strong and as per-
severing as ever. It is of the highest im-
portance, therefore, that men in poeitions si-
milar to that of the archbishop, who hold
enlightened opinions, should, like him, have the
courage to express them. We are confident that if a
few more dignitaries of the church, who are known
to entertain temtiments favourable to the national
system of education in Ireland, which is already
affording instruction to half-a-million of children,
would come forward boldly and record their senti-
ments, they would shame numbers of their opponents
into silence. The time are gone in which inaction was
safe. If a rag of the church catabliehrount i, to be
preserved in Ireland it can only be done by effecting
a re-action in its favour. Nothing would so 11114.`h
tend to this as a universal demonstration by the
clergy in favour of the education of the
nation. It wou'd be something to hear the protestant
clergymen telling the members of their flocks : " We
'do not wish to eat the bread of idleness. You will
not receive the consolations of religion at our hands,
we will therefore offer you what is equally in our
power to bestow, the benefits of mental culdvatioe.
We will endeavour, without prejudice to your reli-
gious opinions, to bring out those talents from within
you which will not only elevate you in the scale of
reasonable beings but will make you more capable of
judging between your priests and ue. If we may
not be your ministers, there can be no
harm, and there may be much good in
suffering us to be your schoolmasters." If catholic Ire-
land were to be addressed in this style, we believe
that there is a chance of its being educated; but this
consummation will be accomplished under no other
conditions. As long as the state church, or a large
portion of it, continues to tell those who are only by
a fiction called its flock, " the only way to the
school-room is through the portals of the church,"
Ireland will remain, as it is now, in a state
of mental degradation below every country in
Europe. Only by the clergy imitating the
example of the archbishop who flings behind
him all captious investigation of what would theore-
tically be me,t di,irable to be done, and confines
himself steadily to the question, " What can be
done'" will a revolution be effected. The church, it
is clear, cannot give what she would wish; let her
then give what the people will take, and she will then
have dune something to remove the imputation of
increasing those many MI MS of division which sever
all bonds of sympathy between the government of
Ireland and the people.

ARCHITECTS may be eurprieed to find themselves
classed with the ferocious tribes, but undeniably their
greatest enjoyment is in preying one upon another. Mr.
CticKaavt.t, delights in adding a second story to Sir
JouN SOANY:S Bank of ling:and, Mr. BARRY in new
facing Sir JOHN SHANE'S Treasury Buildings, Mr.
WORE in new fronting and concealing Mr. Names
Buckingham Palace, Mr. SEDNRE SNIRKE in
throwing into the shade his brother's club
hones in Pall-mall, and now the whole body of
British architects are eagerly competing for the merit
of rebuilding the National Gallery of their ingenious
and, whileliving,very able friend, Mr. WILKINS. bloat
one architect erects another is anxious to effect , and

it is now thought to have been a piece of romantic
folly in an architect like Lord BURLINGTON, to have
rebuilt Ism° Joen's Covent-garden church exactly
on I s teo's plan. We can fancy a young stude.4 at
the Institute of Architects, beholding Messrs. B titav,
BLORB, SMIRKE, CoCKERELL, and Co., with a look of
tranquil delight, and fancying the time when he might
add an attic story to the Bank of England of the one
a new facade to the Buckingham Palace of the other—
a new satof tea-urns and wind mato the Treasury build-
ingsof the t hird—andadifferent elevation to the fourth's
porphyry cluh house in Pall-mall." What was said of
Boset's Treasury buildings tbat they were making a
curtsey to Leto° Joe Es's lYhitehall, is the reverse of
true of Mr. BARRY'S new front—his tall bully of a
building will lead the uneducated to believe that
Isteo's Banqueting House is curtseying to Mr.
BARRY'S Treasury.
It is easy to wee (as matters now go) that where an
architect is called in to superintend an alteration, he
will only look to himself. We do not wish, it is true,
to see any part of Buckingham Palace preserved—or
any part of the National Gallery—and our only mo-
tive in alluding to the recent course pursued by
architects is with reference to certain alterations (so
they are called, modestly enough), which Mr. Bt.nee
has recently made in one of the noblest of English
,edifies—Westminster Abbey. Ignorance has de-
atroyed almost as much as accident or time, and Mr.
Btune is, to our thinking, a remarkable illustration
of what a mere architect may irrecoverably destroy.
There is no place in the three kingdoms to which a
pilgrim from abroad hurries sooner to see than
Westminster Abbey. It is, has long been, and should
continue to be, the most popular of our permanent
London exhibitions. And why ? Not for its ragged
wax-work figures—they are no longer shown. Not
fur the idle storks which the vergers told there, and
country visitors delighted to hear about the lady who
died from the prick of a needle —stories of this kind
have reseed to be told. Why then is it visited? Is
it for its architecture? Certainly not, for beautiful as it
is—Lincoln, York, Canterbury, and Salisbury, are
finer examples of the same kind, and the
choir of St. Saviour's, Southwark, which very
few care to see or have seen, is equally
fine. Westminster Abbey is visited for its monuments
and its associations dear to every Briton, every Ame-
rican—to our own people from our far and many'
colonies, for the tombs and monuments of the
illustrious Englishmen who are buried within its
walls. It is visited for the chapels of EDWARD the
Centaur and HENRY ITlL—few its Poets' Corner,
sod those associations, written and traditional, which
abbeys and cathedrals of the same period of architec-
ture and sill finer, architecturally considered, pos-
sess but partially, or are almost entirely without.
It iswith pain, then, for our own sakes and for other,
that we have seen, and must condemn, many of the
recent alterations made in Westminster Abbey under
the superintendence of Mr. Moss. For the sake of
an uniformity of paving worthy of a district surveyor
be has taken op the identical square stone with
" 0 rare Ben Janson" upon it, which marked the
grave of the great author of "The Alchemist" and
The Fox." He has given us another, it is true,
but it is only a copy in place of an original—a War-
doseestreet canvas instead of an Orleans picture—a
Werealsgbam counterfeit for a real Toledo. He has
saint away for the same pavior's reason the blue flag-
ellum which covered the grave and protected the
body of ABRAHAM COWLEY. He has reduced Dee-
Du's monument by at least one-half, and injured by
so doing the effect of one of the beat busts in the Ab-
bey. He has packed Sir GODFREY KNELLER'S
moment near to the clerestory. where the bast cannot
be seen, and POPE'S famous epitap_h cannot be read,
sad pieced where it stood Sir BICFIARD WESTMA-
core% quarry of a monument to Mr. Fox, which is
without au epitaph. Nor would it be difficult to add
to the catalogue of Mr. BLOKE'S enormities in this
way, or hard to conceive to what a ruinous extent
tench alterations may run if not checked in time by
public exposure and public condemnation.
We are, perhaps, to attribute these serious offences
u much to the foolish spread of the Ecclesiological
and Cambridge Camden mania as to ignorance and
want of interest on the part of Mr. BLOKE. It is the
fashion with a large body of well-meaning young men
to view every addition made since the Reformation to
• Norman, early. Engli-h, decorated, or perpendicular
church, unless in keeping with the architecture and
spirit of the period, as an excrescence to be removed.

They rould turn out SUAKIN/CARE's monument from
1 the amyl of the church at Stratford (the glory of the
place) because it was out of harmony with the sur-
roundng architecture, sod would destroy Lord
Bsco?s statue with its " sic sedebat" in the little
churcl of St. Michael's, to discover a choked-up
Iplifesin or the remains of a sedilia. That
MY. M ORE participates in this feeling is quite clear
horn As Abbey alterations; and hid recommendation
to thelkan and Chapter of Westminster not to restore
CHADIER'S tomb in the Abbey, because it was not a
monunent of CRAUCEIL'E age, and was subsequent to
the ltdorination. Strip the south transept of West-
miaow Abbey of its Poet,' Coiner, and its poets' mo-
nurneits, and what has it left but its bare pier arches?
Strip Stratford Church of SUAKSPEARE'S monument
and icily an eeclesiologist will via it ; and strip St.
Mielners Church of Lord Bacon's statue, and what
is then left to see there but an ugly little poking
country church, with walls atverior to the Reforms-
tioa Surely Mr. BLoRE should bo made to desist;
sure.y the 1) an and Chapter of Westminster require
a great de-el of looking alter. Not but what we
admire a certain uniformity of style, and look upon
many of the monuments in the Abbey as
eye-sone at the best, and perhaps to be
removed; but it is clear that a more incompetent
pawn than Mr. 111,0 BE fur such a work could hardly
be found. The man who destroyed DRYDEN'S monu-
ment and lIEN JonsoN's grave-stone is destitute of an
association. Poeta' Corner—tl e whole Abbey, indeed,
bi pad the stone and mortar of its walls—is not for
him. Everything in the bui:ding subsequent to the
Reformation he wants only the opportunity to destroy.
Lti us retain Westminster Abbey such as it is :
nor add to its disfigurements by fresh monuments.
When the Jews look, d upon the second temple " they
thought of thn beauty of the first, and wept."

GERMANY.

THE STATE OF AUSTRIA.

Our new;from Vienna reaches to the morning of
the lath.

Oa the morning of the 14th there had been en
encounter between the advanced posts of the Hun-
garians and Croatians.
The imperial forces in the vicinity of Vienna are
pet down at 98,000, including those et Jellachich and
Windischglittz. The armed force in Vienna is calcu-
lated at 80000, and that of the Hungarian allies at
39,000. The to lowing places near the capital •vere
in the possession of the imper:al troops up to the 13 h,
tielionlounn, Parsing, Iletzendorf, Eberedurf, aad

Gumpoldskirchen.
The proceedings of the Diet on the 13th and 14th,
of which a full report is annexed, will be read with
the greatest ii.terest. The facts they contain need
not be repeated here. The students of Vienna, it will
be seer, are anxious that blows should be come te.
Vienna itself, according to the statement of the presi-
dent of the Diet, has provisions fur fifteen days in the
town itself. Not only are the streets still barricaded
within the walls, but in the suburbs also formidable
barriers hate since been erected, which are described

as resembling little foes. The Viennese have, says
the Orster)eirldsrhr, Zeitung, determined to attack the
Croatians as soon as the first cannon shot exchange d
between them and the Hungarians is heard. Three
volunteer regiments have already been formed.
Whilst the Viennese are showing their determination
to act, the provinces are also exhibiting spirit. At
Gratz, on the 12th, the signal was given for the rising
of the landsturm, and the country people were coming
into the town in crowds . _

The whole of Styria has pronounced in favour of
Vienna. According to the Austrian Lloyd's Journal,
3,000 Steycrer had reached Vienna, and 6,000 were
at the foot of the Simmering. Even the military in
that part of the country were in favour of the Diet.
I'eo; le were coming from Marburg and Cilly. At
Linz also preparations were making to support the
Viet. Addressee of adhesion and support were coining
in to the Diet from all quarter..
The Emperor reached Gamete on the 11th, at half-
past four in the afternoon. Wessemberg had arrived
there on the previous evening. Windisehgratz only
left Prague with a large number of military, per
railway for 011miitz, on the 15th. This latter town
seems to be the rendezvous fur all the troops march-
ing towards Vienna.
The Ban Jellachich held his head-quarters at
Selionbrunn, and Auersperg at Inzersdurf, on the
Ologgnitz Railway line.
Baron Recsey, who was appointed by the Em-
peror president of the Hungarian ministry, and who
is low a " prisoner of state' in Vienna, has made an
official declaration to the effect that he reluctantly ac-
cepted the post in obedience to the Emperor'. de-
mands • that he tendered his resignation shortly
afterwards; that he advised the Emperor to with-
draw the famous manifesto relating to llungary ; and
that he was not in communication with the Arch-
duchess Sophia. The Baron adds that, on the 6th
inst., Count Latour handed him two letters from
Jellachich, one of which stated that he had taken
measures to draw nearer to the capital in order to
afford relief, and the other requested reinforcements.
Baron Hersey next declares on his honour, that during
his interview with Auersperg and Jellachich on the
10111 (after his visit to the Emperor on the preceding
day), be did not speak one word about politics or war
with the above two individuals.
Dohblhof and liornbostel were severely blamed at
first for resigning their posts, as it was believed that
they came to that determinatiou is order to remove
from themselves the responsibility for the late pro-
ceedings of the Diet. The general impression now,
however, is, that they tendered their resignation on
the ground that they could not sign, as requested, the
unconstitutional deceees of the Emperor.
'rho Poles in Lemberg, and in fact all throughout
Gallicia, arc actively at work in furtherance of their
cause. General Dwernicki and General Bern are
busily engaged in organising a strong Polish army.
There appears to be no lack of money. Latest
ac-
counts state that General Dwernickt has actually
joined the Hungarian army with 8,000 Poles.
The Cologne Gazette of the 19th inst. states that a
warier had reached Frankfort on the 17th, bringing
intelligence of the arrival of Wind;sehgratz before
Vienna, and the bombardment of the city during four
hours. This statement must of course be taken with
reserve.
Schwacka, where the Hungarians are encamped,
is • village of 2.000 inhabitants, more than a mile
from the Danube, and is the first post station. A
stone monument outside the village mark. the spot
where the Emperor Leopold (the meanest of Austria's
monarchs) met John Sobiesky after he had raised the
siege of Vienna, and driven back the Turks, in 1683.
A letter from Pesth, Oct. 8, says that Generals
Roth and Phiiippowich, with 57 other officers, had
been brought to that place prisoners of war. The rest
of the carpi, amounting to 7,450 men, after taking
the oath not to take up arms against Hun-
gary, were disarmed and sent home under escort as
far as the Croatian frontiers. Those who were taken
prisoners earlier are also to be set at liberty at the
conclusion of the war.
The Austrian consul in Belgrade (Meyerhofer) had
gone with 4,000 Servians to the assistance of the rebel
Misers.
The following are the proceedings of the Diet on
the 13th and 11th. On the 13th, Schuselka, as re-
porter of the committee of safety, rose and said,
"Extraordinary and malevolent reports in provin-
cial papers, which speak of murder and incen-
diaries) in Vienna, have Induced the committee, in
order to prevent any disunion, to refute such ru-
mours publicly. The lime people of Vienna is able
to watch over its own safety ; and it is for this
reason that the committee of safety has found no diffi-
culty. in preserving security in N'ienna. The pro-
letartat has been armed for the last eight days, sad
during the whole of that disturbed time nothing has
happened that might not have befallen us in a tins et
complete quiet. We have published a placard to-day,
in which we place all private and state property under
the safeguard of the people, with the device, 'Pro-
perty is sacred.' 200,000 florins, c.v., have been
allowed to the municipal treasury of Vienna, for the
purpose of furnishing bread to the poor who
are without it, whilst under arms. This sum '
has been taken from the two millions which
have been granted for the use of the poor industrious
clams. It has been a very difficult duty for the com-
mittee to restrain the ardour of the people from com-
bat. We hold it to be incompatibL with our position
and our power to permit a combat, as the Diet
seeks to give a peaceable solution through the medium
of the Emperor. We speak our policy openly, and to
all the world. An attack on our part could only lead
to ruin. We are taking steps, however, for
the worst. From Styria 300 armed students have
arrived ; from Salzburg, 36 students and two prase-