The Express.
London, England, 1853-09-07 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

• Ilee.vi Kt it in• .11. lavisos.--"—•;;;ZiLiwa- isms mr•shilit's
“thm.41.," 1. prlidahol (wry Tuesday led Yridg sight, a thee
be pwc
Ailtertimmeeeelseerkd ler "TM VMS" Wedge Eveefee piper.
Red be tie U•ip. le, leererie•surere, ►y Tao Veld se t►.
41e7 eeliarelea.
. .

winut AT LONDON BtIDOE.
Iw,. -11antleg. 116 rim .... "s.
lto- mown/ -Mania& SC fa . no.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.

Tax Quezor's animating visit to Ireland is over:
and we imagine she is less surprised than some
People in England at much she saw there. By the
astonishment visible in certain quarters that Dublin
appears and behaves very like other large cities—
thaL the people on the pavement are clothed and the
ladies at the windows adorned—and that the Irish
saa make things fit to be put into a Great Exhibition
—it appears that those who are undergoing the
sinasement have never been in Ireland. That is a
pity. So great a change has come over Ireland,
that it is quite time that a change should
oome over the English tone about Ireland ;
but that will hardly happen till the old notions
of famine, fighting, fustian, and rebellion, are put
out by the spectacle of the existing condition of the
@sentry, and employments of the people. If a tra-
veller could be landed in Ireland, under a total loss
of memory, so as to look at everything without pre-
possession, he would find the country now looking
pretty much like some others. There is a good deal
of sound manufacturing industry wherever there is
capital to set it to work. The damasks of Belfast
are the finest in the world as to fabric, if only the
designs equalled those of Saxony. The linen and the
silk manufactures are high in name and fame ;
and if they were originally in the hands of
colonised foreigners, they are no longer so. The
skirtings and the poplins are now woven by genuine
Iri..h hands. They can make the beet carriages
and the best cooperage that can be seen ; and ma-
chinery, and lace, and glass, and, in short, whatever
there is requisite opportunity and occasion for them
to make. It is said that their faculty is for Art ; and
that this is the intellectual characteristic which will
be brought out under the new stimulus applied by
this Exhibition. Very likely. We hope it may be
so, for England's sake as much as her own : but
not the lees may all other kinds of industry flourish
there, now that the causes of discouragement are re-
moved. We observe some pitying sentiment ex-
pended on the love of the Irish for their antiquities.
as evidenced by some of the curiosities in the Exhi-
bition building: but surely there is not necessarily
any sedition or political lamentation mixed up with
such antiquarian interest. We English show our
relics with pride and delight, as often as we light
upon' any antiquities; and if the Irish did not
cherish theirs we should be extremely shocked
at such want of feeling. The long and short
of the matter is, we ought to be getting rid
of the poor-relation view of Ireland—of the inability
to suppose that she can feel cheerful, bold, lode.
pendept. hearty, and hopeful, like England. Our
imperial legislation has given her something of this
vigour and hopefulness; and circumstances beyond
and above legislation have given her a good deal
more: The United Parliament has to a considerable
extent set free her encumbered estates, allowing her
desolate lands to part off into manageable portions,
and to till into good and active hands; so that the
prospects of agriculture are now brighter there than
they were a century ago in any country in Europe.
And at the same time, the demand for labour in our
colonies and is countries where the same language
h spoken, has removed the one difficulty which ap-
pend insuperable—the disproportion of the people
to the capital in Ireland. This being the case—
capital now flowing in, and the labourers flowing
out—the balance of capital and labour seems
to be eecured : and, from the time that happens, Ire-
land may claim to be no longer regarded as a poor
relation, or spoken of in a tone of condescending
pity. She must, and no doubt she will, show the
world what she can do—that she can maintain her-
self, educate her children, cultivate her own faculties
and tastes—(whether for Celtic antiquities or any-
thing else). And meantime, the very circumstance
that she invites us to inspect something that she has
actually done—an achievement which requires con-
cert and steady work of head and hands—entitles
her to exemption from the pitying tone with which
loomed us—from old habit doubtless—are speaking
of her stilL

When this Dublin Exhibition was first suggested,
timidly and privately, long ago, to some few leading
men in Ireland, they agreed, as they openly tell us
now, that it might be worth while, "as a safety-
valve fee despondency ;" and they prepared them-
selves for one mon of those efforts against hope
Which the true, silent, modest Irish patriot knows
the bitternsm ot so well. How different is the
event! The safety-valve of despondency opened
some time sines in quite a different direction, and all
the despondency sums to have escaped that way.
Ireland was doing very well before the Exhibition
building was begun ; she has been doing better and
better ever lines; and there seems no reason why
she should not do perfectly well henceforth, as far u
material welfare is concerned. The old causes of
famine have nearly disappeared. Half a million of
children are growing up in schools that, as a national
institution, we should be very glad to rival. Her
native capitalists are calling in their money from
abroad, to employ it upon the natural wealth of the
country. She is nearly in the condition of a young
and somewhat raw country, half explored as to re-
sources, and far from being overpeopled ; and, according
to .ill experience, a country in that position has a long
period of rising in prospect, before the prosperity
even becomes stationary. The draw backs which
impair this resemblance to a new country are three
the land laws, the religious feud, and the reputation
for rebellion. All these difficulties must be re-
moved. The reputation for rebellion will die out of
itself—in the course of a single generation, as far as
its practical effects are concerned. The laws relating
to land are under the consideration of Parliament,
and will certainly not be let go without essential
amendment. The Church is a far greater diffi-
culty, both because we have gone so far in wrong
that it is difficult to get back, and because the
temper of the times, all over Christendom, seems un-
favourable to theological peace. What the aid-
mate settlement will be, this is not the moment to
speculate. It is enough to say that the Church is no
help, but a serious hindrance to the rising welkin of
Ireland, and that its day of judgment must therefore
be drawing nigh. The sooner it 0003811 the better. If
there were but hope that the clamour of theological
strife would soon cease in the land, there would
seem to be really nothing to dread for Ireland. There
is every reason to hope that by the time she next ex-
hibits her industry, we may find her shores studded
with fisheries, her fields waving with flax and with
grain ; tier pastures (the richest of pastures) too
narrow for her flocks and herds ; her towns busy with
manufacture, and her ports with shipping; and her
children so gay and brave in their independence that
the tone of pity and patronage, whether kindly or
haughty, will be heard no more.

THE Report from
National Gallery "
an abstract) is Upon

portant production.

thorough manner wi

tion and general mu.-,„
management as specially
cleaning, and the changes
which the present system requires

the authors of the report commit the error of treat-

-tog and dismissing the question of change of site
u if It were the least, instead of by far the most im-
portant of the four points discussed.
Nothing could justify the removal of the National
Collection of Art from the centre to one of the ex-
treme suburbs of London, short of indubitable evi-
deue of the necessity of such removal, in order to
the preservation of the pictures. Now, no such
evidence seems to have been brought forward.
The Committee, indeed, express their general ad-
herence to the views declared by the Committee of
1850, to the effect that such removal is expedient,
but, on their own showing, it appears that the effects
of the London atmosphere may be sufficiently guarded
against, either by the adoption of a system of var-
nishing and cleaning recommended by Mr. DIME,

and founded on the principle of covering the paint-
ings for the future with one coat of permanent and
comparatively indissoluble varnish, and a second of •
more easily removable nature, the latter alone to be
touched henceforth in cleaning ; or by glazing these,
a plan the efficacy of which is confirmed by the words
of the report, which expatiates on " the floe condition
of the few glazed pictures in the National Gallery."
Various sites were suggested in the course of the
evidence, but all of them so far from the heart
of London that, for the purposes of nine out of tee of
the present visitors of the Gallery, it might just as
well be packed up and sent off to Hampton-court
Palace at once, where, at all events, it would be safe
far some century or so from the swiftly extend-
kg invasion of the Metropolis, which, ere the present
generation has died out, will probably resat Eon.
sington Gore itself a " smoky situation." Is eosin
to a decision upon this question, there are two points
which it is particularly necessary that the public
should not lassight of, if they desire to arrive at a
just euthuses M the loss that will be involved in the
proposed removal. It must first be remembered that
the Nations& Gallery, even with the invalu-
able accessions of the Turner and Vernon
Collections, is as yet in its early infancy,
and that it is in the nature of such a collection, in
such a country as ours, to increase in a geometrical
ratio of speed. The more magnificent the collection
becomes the greater, will become the temptation of
individuals to bestow or bequeath pictures, and of
the nation to purchase them. It requires no ex-
travagant stretch of imagination to hope that, beim
a quarter of a century shall have elapsed, our na-
tional collection may have become superior to the
Louvre and the rival of Dresden. At the very kat,
we may safely look forward to an increase in the
extent and value of the collection which
will render the present loss insignificant
when compared with that which is implied
in the future. Again, every lover of art
in London, who has no time, health, or patience
M thew away on omnibus travelling, must tremble
whoa lo reads these words :—" Your Committee have
Ida taken evidence regarding the collections of mo-
numental antiquity and fine art in the British
Museum. The difficulties experienced in the Na-
tional Gallery from want of space have lately been
felt in the same or a similar degree in the Museum.
Every portion of that building is stated to have
become so crowded, that neither the arrangement nor
the augmentation of the collections can be effectually
promeded with. Your Committee have ream-
asnisil that the question of combining these
verious collections with the National Gallery
should be referred to a Royal Commission."
This very desirable amalgamation we our-
selves
were among the first—if, indeed, we were
int the very first—to propose ; but we never dreamt
of its involving the banishment of our most real
mesas of becoming heartily acquainted with all that
is most worthy to be known of the defunct civilisa-
tions of Egypt, Assyria, Greece, and Rome, to a
'distant suburb. This collection, be it also remem-
bered, is rapidly increasing in extent and interest,
and we should be exercising little foresight were we
to reckon our ultimate by our immediate loss, in
allowing it to be removed.
Can there be a moment's doubt as to what ought
to be done? The national collection (we are told)
must be removed somewhere, because it has out-
grown its present abode ; and it is alleged that there
are insuperable obstacles in the way of extending
the present edifice to the requisite magnitude on its
plasm site. The workhouse behind it could be
lesugLt, but the authorities will not move the
hawks ; and without the ground on which
these stand no plan worthy of the prospects of the
Gallery could be executed. The heterogeneous con-
tents of the British Museum are also calling for dis-
pel*. os amount of want of room. Those contents
niaebt partly of objects of art, which is everybody's
Wises, and partly of objects of science, which is the
Mess of oomparativoly few. Were the objects of
MIINSI seat dr to Essington Gore, to complete the
Indy Muted NOW= to be established there, the
Museum would have several splendid galleries at the
disposal of Painting, the sister of Sculpture, Archi-
tecture, and Literature, which are already repre-
sented, for the most part on a very noble scale, in
Great Russell-street. The present establishment

called the British Museum, only requires this ex-
change—a profitable one for all parties—to become
u noble and consistent a popular institution u the
world can show. Let Science go out of town to Ken-
sington, but let Art remain with us in London itself,
where her civilising influences must be most advan-
tageous to the people for whom our National Collec-
tion has been made, sad by whom it has been paid for.

LARGE ARRIVAL. or VIIIISZLE MOH THE NORTH
or Evaorn.—A fleet of upwards of 300 vessels has arrived
in the River since Sunday evening from the northern ports
of Europe, putting the docks in the greatest bustle and
activity, and giving employment to several thousand
labourers, wbo have undergone much misery since the
strike. Tbis immense arrival is owing to the recent shifting
of the wind to the northward and eastward, which brought
them up from the North See, where they have been
buffetted about during the south-westerly gales. With
some few exceptions they are from St. Petersburg, Arch-
angel, Rigs, Cronshidt, Stettin, Dantsig, Memel, Stock-
holm, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Harlingen, and other
northern porta. The passing of the fleet up the River had
a very imposing effect, and it was with diSeulty that the
Custom-house authorities at Gravesend could meet the
sadden colt for officers to take charge of each ship, so
rapidly did they come up. Numbers of them were laden
with grain ; 222 arrivals were entered on Monday, and
nearly 1.50 yeaterda_y.
BRITANNIA FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETT.—At a
meeting of this society on Monday, at the Music Hall, St.
I Pancras, a ballot took place for rights of choice on the
society's recently purchased estate at Finchley.
1 SUSPECTED CASE OF MURDER.—On Monday
1 evening a spirit dealer in Rutherglen-loan, Gorbals, made
a report to the polio., to the effect that i young man named
Lawson, a carter, residing with his mother, has been mist-
ing since the night of Saturday last. It appears that the
young man went in to a raffle which was going on in Mer-
lchant-lane, off Bridgegate, where a quarrel and a fight took
place. Criss of "murder" were beard in the locality, and
it is supposed that the missing party met with his death by
unfair means. A comrade of the man, named O'Brien,
1 who went to the raffle with him, was knocked down and
seriously abused: but he dselsres he recollects nothing of
his companion after being so injured. When O'Brien went
to Rntherglen-lean, however, he had the jacket and cap
belonging to Lawson on his person, and could not as-
count for their possession. The police are in course of in-
vestigating the ease. Lawson is about 25 years of age, is
Eve feet eight inches in height, stout made, of fair com-
plexion, and was dressed in moleskin clothes.—North Bei-
high Daily Moil.

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7. 1853.

SWEDEN.

parer _ ops
teak repose, and then were marched off to t trohetr
-qiirters. 'Phi Empefor to sit out
he Warsaw, and may perhaps even visit Austria."
Mother letter from St. Petersburg, of the same date,
says :—" Intelligence has been received here from
, that the proceedings of the sect of the
Bahia, who some time ago attempted to assassinate
the Shah, still continue. They lately spread a report
that the Shah was dead, and the rumour gained
wash ground that his Majesty thought it advisable
to make a public promenade, accompanied by his
ministers and the principal officers of the court,
through the bazaars and the principal streets.
Several Babis were arrested and torte re 4 in • moat
cruel manner in presence of the people."
The Press of Vienna has the following from Galata
of the 25th ult. :—" The two hospodars of Moldavia
and Wallachia have, it is said, made a treaty, by
which they promise each other mutual aid in case,
On the present crisis, the Sultan should call them
aseount for their conduct. Should this news
per true, diplomatic arrangements would without
istibt take the matter into consideration in the set-
tlemeat of the Eastern question. The quantity of
wheat which has not been able to pass into the Bleak
Bea is consequence of the bad state of the Saha
,is so great that 1,000 vessels would not sat.
Ele %lir carry it all away."
A letter from Cronstadt, of the 22nd, states that
the frigate Diana and the brig Pollux had just halt
that port for Canton. This reinforcement will te•
ems, the Russian naval station in the Chinese sea to
be tomb& We learn from another source that an
way of 6,000 men was collected this summer
id Irkutsk, the capital of the province of that name
in Siberia, and the enerepot of Russian commerce
with China by Kiakhta. It is asserted that these
troops are destined to observe the frontiers of the
Celestial Empire, which are not defended in that
neighbourhood.

The Journal de Thene:furt lately annotateed the
death at Vienna of the Princess Amelia of Sweden,
411301:141 daughter of Kier Oscar. In consequence of
this paragraph the Swedish Legation in Paris sent
an intimation to the principal journals of that metro-
polis that despatches from Stockholm down to the
latestßossible date. August 29, made tot losotiso of
the Prowess Eugenia, the ooly daughter of the Bing,
as being otherwise than in her halal health. The
isat tiMitial-4-Vild Journal de *tntefoit correlate the
error into which it had fallen, and states that the
deceased Princess was the daughter of Gustavus IV.,
and sister of the Prince Gaetano Wass and of the
Grand Duchess Sophia of Baden. She was born on
the 22nd of February,ll3o6, and her name was Maria
Charlotte Amelia de Wan.

I where I understeod she met with no better reoeptioa
than here, and was ultimately forced to seek the
acre hospitable shores of Malta.
Disturbances having taken place at Viterbo, arising
from the levying of the industry tax, two companies.
of French, with two pieces of cannon, left Rome for
that city on the night before last. Reinforcements
of Roman infantry have been sent to Terni for the
maintenanee of order, the obnoxious tax having met
with opposition there also.

THE KOSTA CAIN. `k•st

The Constitulionnel has the following very impar-
tial article on the dispute between Austria and the
United States in the affairs of Kosta, from which it
may be inferred that the French government is not
disposed to allow its Consul at Smyrna to play the
part of gaoler for an indefinite time, and will cer-
tainly not countenance the claim of Austria to have
the prisoner delivered up to her.
The Austrian government, in a kind of protest which has
been made public, pretends that treaties give it a right of
jurisdiettea over the subjects of the Emperor Francis Joseph
throughout the whole extent of the Ottoman Empire. This
is an allagatiam which it is more easy to make than to
justify. Never have the Sultans, either for the benefit of
Austria, or of ea other power, given up any of the rights
of sovereignty which belong to them on the Turkish tent-
till7. Some precedents and some ambiguous clauses of cer-
tain treaties may perhaps authorise Austrian agents to ap-
prehend within the limits of the Ottoman sovereignty, an
Austrian subject at the moment of his committing a crime
against common law, bat to lay hold of a thief or an
amnia is a very different thing from arresting a poli-
tical refuges on a foreign territory where he has
found an asylum. If Austria really possesses such
an exorbitant privilege, why did she not avail her-
self of it to arrest M. Kossuth and other refugees,
who, after their defeat its Hungary, found an asylum in
Tarkey ? She demanded their extradition, and in her legi-
timate desire to maintain it, she had the support of Russia.
Abdul-Medjid refused, and we have heard that the
court of Austria then claimed the right of herself following
up and capturing the fugitive on the Ottoman territory.
The ow of Kosta is an analogous one. We could have
understood the Austrian internuncio at Constantinople
demanding the removal of this companion of Kossuth in
ease he might have suspected him of acting as agent in
the maareavres of the ex-republican dictator, who did so
attach iajory to Hungary. But to employ against that
refugee individuals deprived of all official character, in
order to seize and ship him off in the same manner as
slave dealers capture and embark their victims in Africa,
was a blameable act, and it is much to be regretted
that the Austrian government should have sanctioned
it by rewarding its agent. From what we have
above stated, we de not by any means intend to justify
the captain of the American corvette, for it is quite
as difficult to justify his prociedings as those of Austria.
The agents of the United States government wanted a pre-
text for getting Kosta out of the hands of those who kept
him captive, and they therefore pretended that he had a
right to their protection because he had, when in America,
made a declaration by which he renounced his allegiance
to the Emperor of Austria. Could such a declaration
suffice to withdraw the person who makes it from the
action of the laws of his country ? It requires five pars'
residence in the United States to become naturalised. /Lost&
is not, therefore, as American citizen ; it does not even
appear that he had an intention of becoming one, for we
must do him the justice to say that he did not deny his
country ; on the contrary, he proudly boasted of being still
an Hungarian. He renounced, we are told, his allegiance
to the Emperor of Austria; that is a formality which would
not cost much to a Hungarian insurgent, but it is not suffi-
cient to make him a citizen of the United States, and con-
, sequently is insufficient to change the nationality of the
refugee. It is necessary to be candid in all things. It
is not as a citizen of the United States, but as a reeve
lutionist, that M. Hosts is defended against Austria by the
agents of the American republic. None of the European
powers will therefore ever admit as a principle of public
law that the government of the United States has the right
to protect revolution in Europe by force of arms. Oa no
grounds would it be permitted to throw obstacles in the
way of the exercise of the jurisdiction of a government
under the ridiculous pretence that the offenders have re-
nounced their allegiance, and from the real motive that
they axe in revolt against the political constitution of their
country. The navy of the American Union might not
always have such an easy triumph, and such headstrong
conduct as that pursued by the captain of the St. Lewis
might on another occasion be attended with very disastrous
consequence'. In this case the false position in which the
Austrian agents had placed themselves favoured the rash-
ness of Captain Ingraham, and the feeling of this false posi-
tion probably disconcerted the resistance which, under any
other circumstances, would certainly have been made by
the captain of the Austrian vessel to such pretensions.
Public feeling sided with the American captain, and took
the part of a man wrongfully arrested on neutral ground.
But in order to repress an abuse of force that efficer com-
mitted another, and the less noise the government of
Washington makes about the affair the more prudence it
will display. An impartial arbitration would send both
parties out of court. As to M. Keats what Austria had
better do will be to give him every facility to go to America,
there to reside as long as possible.

nn the Select Committee on this RUSSIA 19.451 D TUIWW. •
(uf which we have a , given • .• ---4,-:-= - "....1-' -
bled
n the whole an effitims itn.:4 y rumouset in tlitill
I. But, after de u 11114: -I veil, e Ern of lt}:esil:otendiltoliscttE
with the quellonsiif thgeonstitip Mlitications _ Itt;tV.icon e. ,_ ,
management of the: Gelidly, the
specially connected with picture the Atetint&e4 g Nescs, says : „Theg °lnr"ljeanoeUill'oti'thine
corps of grenadiers of the guard have just been ter-
i changes and improvements to agitated by a rand rosiew iwpcessomi of tho Bub.
t system requires to be submitted, peror and of sh 9ve.coort. The nut day the troops