The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-30 00:00:00

Vie •xvreicl4.

country affections, allegiance, and duty to the power
which claims a universal fealty superior to all
national obligations, to sow the seeds of discord, dis-
order, and disaffection, amongst people of the same:
origin, when separated by difference of religious
belief; a kindred inculcation and expressiut of doe-
trine', views, and principles, destructive of national,
unity, public morality, and constituted power, where
they are antagonistic or opposite • to 'the designs el
law; the same exercise of acts of public authority
1 In 'gantries entirely independent of all connexion
with the papacy ; the like audacity, threats, and
demands; all of course modified by the chador it
circumstances, by. improved mental cultivation, and
by the higher social development of the century is
which they are now again displayed.
And yet not so greatly modified or so skilfully
draped in modern thought and language, but that
the old spirit occasionally speaks plainly ; as if
to warn us of the immutable character of Roman
supremacy in all times and countries; immutable,
not because of the superior wisdom of Rome, but be-
cause founded on, and springing out of (as by far the
ablest defender of protestant truth in our times,
Archbishop WHATZLY, has so irresistibly shown),
those corruptions of the human heart, the growth of
which is rankest if not kept under strict subjugation.
The doctrine of qualified obedience to laws they dis-
like or may deem hostile, not to their
church, but to their own personal status
or position in their church, has once more
been openly avowed by bishops newly clothed
in papal honours; a great society has been attempted
(without much success, however) to be formed by
the prelates of Ireland, for the purpose of defending
those who disobey such laws, and so may bring
down on themselves punishment; one of the recog-
nised publications of the church of Rome in this
metropolis (conducted, it is said, by recent perverts
from the church of England) defends the practice of
persecution for the exercise of freedom of thought in
religion, therein following only the example
of the leading newspaper of the priestly party
tin France; in Ireland, the Roman catholic epis-
copacy is endeavouring to work out the direc-
tions of the court of Rome in the question
of higher education, and for that purpoee. is levying
funds on those accessible to their spiritual influences ;
whilst in that country there is a commingling of
revolutionary sentiments and designs quoad England
with delight and approbation at all the despotic
doings of that first friend of l'to NONO, King BOMOA
of Naples.
In short, the church and the court of Rome is
again indulging the world with a display of all its
most extravagant pretensions, all its inordinate ambi-
tion, and all its unparalleled unscrupulousness.
Again it is united with despotism where despotism
will serve its turn, with revolutionism where that
will advance its purposes ; once more it has
every where shown itself the determined foe
of rational liberty. Herein the present age
is at 0110:1 unfortunate and fortunate. Unfortunate
because the successful resistance of this great con-
spiracy (as Lord boils Itessett has very justly de-
scribed it) is troublesome, costly, and dangerous: for-
tunate, because in successfully resisting the swelling
waves, it will have the happiness of securing for
times hereafter a mat career of substantial improve-
ment and national happiness, denied perhups to this
generation. Not indeesl that our success in abating
this arrogance will destroy the system whence it
springs. That can not be hoped. For Rome itself
is only the manifestation of that system. For papacy
is of human origin; overthrown at Rome, it would
arise elsewhere under other and no. less dangerous
guises. Its ultimate sent is the human heart, its
perennial source of strength and power human weak-
nestles and vices. Men desire a papacy, and there-
fore create one. And so they will continue to do.
And hence it is that persecution, or penal laws, or
repressive legislation is powerless to protect society
against the religious errors and the political conse-
quences of ltomanism. In our own Puseyisiu we
have seen the growth of Romanism ; how men seek-
ing after an infallible earthly guide have soon found
one; how, attaining it, they have surrendered their
understanding, their hearts, their affections, their
allegiance, and their every faculty. to the service of
the blind guide they have blindly adopted; how
that service imposes on them alienation from
their own country, a species of hatred and detestation
of its government, an active enmity to its policy, a
satisfaction over its reverses ; how it alters their
views of what a human society is, of the nature of a
temporal government, of the character of a state;
how they claim for the church they have adopted
rights, and powers, and authority, and duties in every
country independent of the constitutes' machinery of
he government ; how they regard any interference
with these pretensions as acts of state tyranny and
despotism ; and how, under the guise of reli-
gious liberty, they proclaim it lawful to
resist such acts. All this the present genets- I
tion has limn, or might have seen, the growth
of in England; until now we have, in the heart et
this country, a band of perverts, who, educated, and
nurtured, and reared in the senseless bigotry and
dull toryisni of Oxford, are now affiliated with those
abroad who hate this empire, who seek to disturb
its repose, and who look to the I'uscyites as the prime
agents in such designs.
The revival of penal laws can he no remedy
against thews dangers. Our best protection is the
maintenance of the power and authority of the state
to claim, and assert, and put in motion fur it authority
over and superior to all ecclesiastical organisations,
I no matter whether of our own or any other
churches, to regard all churches as human communi-
ties for spiritual 'purposes only, to deny the exist.
ence of any such corporation as a church universal,
and to recognise the right, and consequently the
duty of every nation, or bodies of men within a na-
tion, to choose and establish what spiritual organisa-
tion it, or they may deem best for their own salvation.
" It has been said, is the noble language of LUTHER,
" that the l'OrE, the bishops, the priests, and those
who dwell in convents, form the spiritual or
ecclesiastical state ; and that the princes, no-
bles, citizens, and peasants form the secular
state or laity. This is a fine story, truly.
Let no one, however, be alarmed at it. All Christians
belong to the spiritual state; and there is no other
difference between them than that of the functions
they discharge. • • If any pious laymen were
banished to a desert, and having no regularly conse-
crated priests among them, were to agree to choose
for that office one of their number, married or un-
married, this man would be as truly a priest as if he
had been consecrated by all the bishops in the world.
AUGCBTINE, Amnaose. and Cvetuss were chosen in
this manner. Hence it follows that laity and priests,
princes and bishops, or, as they say, the clergy and
the laity, have in reality nothing to distinguish them
but their functions. They all belong to the same
estate ; but all have not the same work to perform."

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
A Awed Labia of►
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Ahmtomameslaimled for "TM Emma." Lemke Ameba yomy.
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NIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Twos Day —Moralag, In. MI6 AfteTwa. MM.
Taweasew—noismit, N. 11...

LONDON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 30.

IT would seem that the great war of freedom '
which Louts Kosstrit waged in Hungary, and
which the invasion of the Russians caused to end in
his overthrow and exile, was but the first act of a
gnat drama, the starting-point for new struggles I
and events, instead of remaining an isolated piece of
history, terminating like that of I'oland in oblivion
as wales discomfiture.
The great fact which opens a new era in the his-
tory of Europe is the readiness—we may add, the
eagerness of the people, and consequently of the go-
vernment, of the United Ste tes tocome forward and take
part in those struggles which convulsed Europe, and
which affect even the empire of Asia. Hitherto the
Americans have been mere spectator; of European
events., and it is but true to add, that as spectator',
their desires rather went against Great Britain than
for it; because the Americans could not but see
that the power of Great Britain during the war, and
for a long time after it, was directed rather to the
support of despotism than in hostility to it. A long
period has now elapsed, during which not only the
sympathies of Englishmen, hut the efforts of their
government, have been mainly on the right side.
And we see the Americans stepping forth at length,
not to be our antagonists, but to be our brothers and
allies. This new birth of America to lively sym-
pathy and interest in European polities, might have
remained still in an infantinc state, growing hut yet
dormant, but for the striking events which took place
in llungary, so well calculated to captivate admira-
tion, and give to polities that invigoration of senti-
ment which they so often want. Heroes are rare,
and so are statesmen before whom the masses even of
foreign and distant countries bow. But Kosscrlt
seems to he one of these, and the greatest result of
the Hungarian struggle has been, perhaps, to create
and develop such a man.
His appearance and character have advanced by
perhaps half a century the period when the United
States were no fling the sword and trident into the
European balance of power. This they have already
dune. The vote of Congress in favour of Kosserii,
the vessel sent to receive and take him to
constitutional lands, the preparations for his
personal reception, the enthusiasm of public opinion,
necessarily eniloodied and expressed 111 the opinions
of all those who have tilled, or hope to fill, offices
of importance in the United States, all indicate that
if within the last century Russia has sprung up like
a coltissus, to uphold the victoriously waving banner
of despotism, and that with a consistency, a determi-
nation, and a power, which France and England,
the mineral antagonists of such a principle, want Inc
courtier(' or the unity to combat, a new power, equally
ettbssil with Russia, equally anlent, has sprung up
in another hemisphere-, to nuse the standard uneaten,-
nistie to Russia, and so alous to cry " stop " to the
aggrevoive• march of despotism.
We will not deny that there are many ein-am-
stances conneettsl with this great fact of the day, that
one might hare wished otherwise. It would have
been more satisfactory, for example, had Great Bri-
tain Mom., or Great 'Britain and France, sulfieed to
defend the nascent and prognssive liberties of Europe;
for we Sr.- not certain that, the sword of Ame-
rica nitre &Ansi in European strife, it may
not he led astray by the errors of young
ambition, and a love of glory, as superior to that
of justice. The fault, however, is that of our
own weakness to defend the cause of European li-
berty, and the readiness of our Anglo-Saxon relatives
to tate it up. llow much this new pluesis alters all the
great questions of Europe, that of the Itospho-
run and of the Baltic, we need not point tout.
To lan- is Kossent must be assigned the honour
of having given birth to this combination, this
alliance and understanding of all the members
of the Great Anglo-Saxon race, on behalf of the
old Maxon principle of melt-government; but to
him also is clue the credit of having perceived
this great fart coining, of having acted upon it, and
directed his actions and his words to realise, to
strengthen, and to establish it. llad ItoelS ; ism, fit,
indeed, done nothing but this. he would he entitled
to rank amongst those previous agents of the will
or. Providence who are deutined to change the fuce
of the world". 'whey, and give pn•thimioanee to a
prineiple, that till then had to struggle fur
ca6ti.ttee.

of the long prevailing semixithy of the American
people fur European libt7rty, as well as of their
dote "on to uphold it by something
more than sampathy, there has come forward a
most able anaeloquent exponent in the Honourable
Mr. W %lAEA. This American statesman is nu
married away by newly kindled zeal ; he
no exile, no oppressed foreigner, taking a neces-
sarily selti.h or feeling view of the wrongs and the
hopes of Ilungary, or of the oppressed East. Mr.
W sutra is a veteran, whose political life has been
passed in the debates of Congress, and amidst the
figures of the Treasury, and the realities of official
life. lle cones in hi, grey hairs and well-earned
renown to support the cause of Kosserit, to de-
nounce the tyranny of Russia. and to oder the right
hand of American fellowship to that large party of
English liberals who are willing to undergo every
risk fur the maintenance and extension of eon-
alituti,mal freedom. Mr. WALKER drew a must
vivid picture of Englund, threatened by a coa-
lition of European despots. And that is no
visionary picture. It was nearly realised by the
older ll i mum,: before they fell. And the political
events and changes in Europe are at this moment
tending toart,,,useitation of the same idea. But Mr.

WALKER di making ave the picture there, with Eng-
land alone head against the leagued des-
pgism of Europe. Ile pourtrayed also the armed
and ardent young population of America, ready at a
moment's warning, to fly to the succour of their old
fatherlancLaa clear and gforiuus to their recollect ion,as
entwined with their interests. We heard that grey-
haired American shadowing forth by his eloquence
that noble picture of the alliance of two great and
kindred nations; and whist his voice glowed with
the eloquence of inspiration. it faltered, too, with the
tenderness of affectionate and reverential feeling.
Mr. W ittxa's wax the most remarkable speech
we have heard for many rears. Kossrrti himself
could not surpass it in depth of meaning, or power
of expreapion, and in that rare species of political elo-
quence, which comprises all that is practical in the
statesman with all that is noble in the man of feeling
and philosophy.
This, indeed, was the character of the speeches
made at the Southampton dinner; and these
in consequence require to haws been heard ream
than to he read. Foe no stenography can give ma
idea of the enthusiasm of feeling which inspired
each orator, and which pervaded the audience. In
truth, there was more of the fervour of a religious
meeting in it than of the logic of a po-
litical one. Few of those present will forget the
moment when Kossunt row to kiss the hand of the
Mtvou, as that noble.minded citizen spoke of all that
he had done and all that he hoped in the present
alum Southampton has on this occasion nobly
done its duty ; it takes foremost rank amongst us for
ardent support of municipal and political liberty.
And Europe, as well as England. will look to it as
the first city in which was proclaimed the alliance of
England and the United States for the maintenance
of constitutional liberty and national independence
all over the world.

Tua state of the Roman catholic world, in spite of
a little temporary prosperity, is nevertheless truly
distressing. In some respects it resembles the
desperate effOrts made by the courts of Rome and of
Spain in the half century following the Protestant
Reformation and the Roman catholic rerolution, to
regain the power and the dominion of which
Daunt had deprived the papacy, and, through the
pvikey the great Roman catholic monarchies of
Europe. There air the same mighty schemes and
sanguine hopes: the like comprehensive organisa-
tion and course of action ; similar efforts to detach j
subjects from their rulers, to alienate from their

Ca 1711071 TO rite PUBLIC.—BASE Col)l.—The
officers of her Majesty's Mint have received information
that the coiner. in the metropolis have adopted a new pro-
ens fur the production of boas coin with which it is of setae
intametanee the public should be acquainted. There are at
the reeint time in circulation a large quantity of counter-
feit lisalliwwwns which have been produced from dies in
brass and then electroplated with silver, and by this method
the has min has much more the appearance of silver
than that produced from moulds, many of the defects ap-
parent in the latter being by the new process altogether
avoided. Fur instance, she milling round the edge of the
coin menet from the die is as perfect as that on coin issued
from the Mint, and it is well known that the greatest diffi-
culty the coiner had to contend against was to mill the edge
of the spurious equal to the genuine coin. To these brass
halfcrowns the little "coin detectors- now in general use
' are of no avail, for they cannot be bent by them. The
preparation of these dies is a rather expensive affair, and
one set have already found their way into the paned= of
the authorities. These halfcrowns have been pronounced
the best imitations of the genuine coin yet produced, and
they an only to be detected by the peculiarity of the ring,
and by their *eight being lighter by one pennyweight than
the genuine hal(crown. The moulded counterfeit half-
crown is about three pennyweights lighter. The police
are endeavouring to trace the manufacturer of this spurious
coin, there being reason to believe that all the halferowns
of this character at present in circulation have emanated
from one source.

j FREEITOLD LAND MOVEMENT.—On Monday CY,D-
ing an inducistial public meeting of the inhabitants of
Msrylebone was held at 79, Great Portland-street, for the
purpose of forming a Freehold Land Soviety for this impor-
, Lint wish, Dr. I'ritchsrd in the chair The meeting -was
addressed by several gentlemen, and after some discussion,
upon the motion of Mr. Deeks, seconded by Mr. 3l'Dowall,
a committee was appointed to draw up rules, and to or-
, 'anima the proposed society.

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 30, 1851.