The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-02 00:00:00

ARRIVAL OF THE BRITANNIA.

LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY.
The Britannia steamer arrived this morning, with
dates from New York to the 15th November; and in
the prevailing anxiety of the public for news from
America, her arrival has given great satisfaction.
Great bustle prevailed amongst the merchants this
morning, the steamer having given loud signals of her
approach by frequent firing of guns. Her mail was
an unusually heavy one, and it was some hours before
the mercantile community obtained possession of their
letters.
The Mexican forces have evacuated Saltillo, and
after dismantling the forts, have fallen back upon San
Luis Potosi. It is now generally believed that the
views of the administration in relation to the war have
materially changed, and that the invasion of Mexico
in that quarter is to be abandoned as too costly. In
pursuance of this change of opinion, it is thought
that General Taylor, whose original orders were to
proceed by the route of San Luis Potosi, has been put
in possession of discretionary powers, and that he will
fortify Monterey or fall back, as he thinks advisable.
From the papers received by this arrival, we learn
that
The message of the executive at the forthcoming meeting of
Congress is looked fur with increasing interest, as it will no
doubt fully develop the intentions of the government in
relation to our Mexican affairs, as well as other subjec:s of
interest: such as the tariff, the sub-treasury, and the ma-
nagement of our finances. The President's message is pro-
bably in course of preparation. Some have suggested that
its tone will be a little modified in consequence of the over-
throw of the democratic party in the great central states.
The party is certainly placed in a new and difficult
position, and its future course must he essentially
changed. The measures which received the sanction of
the party at the Baltimore convention, and which were
driven through Congress against the better opinion of the
majority in both houses, have not been sustained by the
Democratic messes at the polls. Still it is confidently stated
that the tariff of 1846 is to be adhered to, but that modifica-
tions are to be yielded, with a view to conciliate Pennsyl-
vania. Measures are promised also with a view to heal the
breach in New York. The progressive Democrats are to be
courted with more assiduity. There is a rumour that Mr.
Buchanan intends soon to publish a letter upon the question
of the tariff, in which he will take ground decidedly io
favour of protection and against the tariff of 1846.
The elections in progress for the last month have termi-
nated, and the result shows complete success for the opponent.
of the administration. No State of importance has gone for
the administration, while the leading States of New York
and Pennsylvania are now in opposition. A large number
of less influential States have also gone against the adminis-
tration by an increased vote. The change has been so great
that at the meeting of the new Congress in 1847, the opposi-
tion will have a decided majority in the lower House, and
will, if they see fit, have a full share in all the affairs of the

UrAsVC.III..III.•
on the occasions of the last steamers' arrival from
America, the chief points of news relate to the supply of
corn, flour, and provisions, intended for shipment to Eng-
land. We have advices of a large number of ships, very
heavily laden, being now on their way to Liverpool, London,
and various Irish ports, and the quantity in course of ship-
ment is most enormous. The New York Erpreas supplies
some valuable information as to the surplus for exportation.
It says—
let us see, then, as near as we ran, bow much we have to spare.
Just to start, we think no one will doubt that we can spare the in-
creased receipts at tide water here. The amount is as follows :
=LIAO OF ZZCSIPTIS AT saw Teas.
454,312 brie. flour, equal t 0....
1,149,971 bush. wheat, equal to 143,745 qrs. wheat.
1,375,299 bush. corn, equal
260,667 bush. barley, equals 32,583 qrs. barley.

liDoess of reoripts . ......... ....... 882,184 qrs. grain.
We also assume that the increase at New Ora will be as large
as the increase here, and we add that to our means of export.
RRCEITTII AT saw ORLLILIO roe 1845, AND TR. ITTIMATER roe 1846.
1845. 1848. Increase.
Corn, meal 3,950 bele. 6,000 bris. 2,0
Do. in eara
Do. shelled
Oats
Flour
Wheat
We have estimated the wheat receipts to be double, and have added
to last scar's flour 25 per cent., which is the New York increase,
and whceh will be much teas than the actual Merease at New Orleans.
The whole gives as the following:
2,650 Mts. corn meal, of 4 bushels, equal to
141,427 brie. corn, in ears
333,880 seeks of corn, of 2 bushels 83,470 „
130,614 Ws. and sacks sots, 3 bushels average
209,496 bris. of flour 131,185 „
i 498,214 Mix and sacks of wheat, 3 bualigla 196,080 „

N. O. total estimate increase ..... 468.168 0
N. T. increase thus far

We Imam In game=
or nem dos ens MY tram dame two torts, of the quantity bought
%
lin In her breed year from the world. The increase of sup-
eaawa New Orleans, we b aye No doubt, will be bound under the
mesh. The price of tweed* des et the next harvest, unless there Is a
general failure of the crops in Berme, will be as low in the United
States as it was upon theta, erage of the peat year.
Mr. 'Webster, in a sr smch recently delivered, gives the fol-
lowing as the state of the American finances. He says :
The natural justice of a war, it is, perhaps, not an American habit
Ito consider. Bat it is r a American habit to count the me, and I may
be indulged a monies .t while I look at that. I have been at sonic
pains to ascertain the facts in this respect, and I submit to your con-
sideration the results to which Hume arrived.
It appears from the monthly statements of the Treasury of the
United Slates, that the balance in the Treasury on the
27th Mel was 12,036,000 dots.
Ist April ~ 11,478,000 „ dim. in May, 558,000 dole.
29th June ~ 9,310,000 „ „ June, 2,168,000 „
27th July ~ 7,725,000 „ „ July, 1,383,006 „
24th Aug, ~ 5,593,000 „ „ Aug. 2,132,000
Met Eer .L. „ 4,815,000 „ „ Sept. 778,000 „
Total diminution in 5 months, 7,221,000 dol..
And it 'appears from the monthly statements of the Register of the
Treasuri, -tint the amount of outstanding treasury notes was as
follows :
TA Aug. last, 447,000 dole. (being remains of old issue.)
let Sept. „ 1,090,000d01n Increase in August 643,000d01n.
let Oct. „ 2,240,000d015. „ Sept. 1,150,000 dole.
Making the mem of expenditure (beyond receipts) for Ave months,
9 ,014,01:00 dole. The excess being at the rate per annum el 21,633,600
dots. According to the President's message to Gangrene last De-
cember, the receipts for the year ending 30th June, 1845, were
29,759,900 dole. If they are the same the present year, it would
appear that the Government is expending money at the rate of
51,000,000 dole. per imam. But as payments are, probably, not
made so fast as debts incurred, it may, I think, be fairly estimated
that our present annual expenses are at least double the revenue, that
is to say, at least, 60,000000 dole. So that the result is that the
government, foe the last live months, haa been paying at the rate of 60
millions per annum, or twice the amount of the revenue. And this
does not include the outstanding claims.
Vessels were in great demand in the Northern Atlantic
ports, and freights were very high. The means of supply
from the United States to Europe, will only be limited by
the means of exportation. The new crop of Indian corn
far exceeds the average, and none of it has yet been shipped.
The shipments made heretofore have all been taken from the
stock on hand, previously accumulated. The new crop will
be coming forward through the middle and Southern States,
and down the Mississippi. The canals in the Northern
States may be expected to be closed with ice shortly, and
the lands through which they flow will be relied upon with
perfect security, to furnish wheat, corn, he., for the spring
markets. The Southern outlets are never closed. We ask
our neighbours of the Times to consider these facts.