The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-23 00:00:00

gite eppvelsO.

MAILS.
The overland timed mail% ran Martelßee, to the Mediterranean.
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Meng lone, be., edit be made op on the
evening of the 21th September.
The malls for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Modeles, Gallia and Gibraltar
bill be made up on the morning of the 27th September.
Tbe mails for New South Wales, Van Diemen's land. and Now
reeand will be made up on the evening of the 30th September.
The West Dacha =Ur, including dame for Mouton, Haul unia and
the He eh, will be made up on the weaned' the 2nd Octoivr.
2M ..Mond wail. for Gibraltar, Malta, there., the lonian laluiide,
Eitat /Am Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, Ma Southall:mom,
MN& up on the evening of the 2nd October.
The webby Uce Braaila, the River Pbte, Monte Video, Pernam-
buco, Baia, Madeira, and Buenos Ayres., will be made up on the
earning ofthe 4th October.
The made for Briton North America, Bermuda. and the United
Matte, will be made up on the arming of the 4th October.

TO COILTOPONDIIIITI.
••• I..ooormesO I•tedal fag Tie It.pren, •••• 10( paper. H
01 Jr Ogee, 10. beaver* matOgee, by Tay efeleek ea do Ow publlcOlo/0.

MOE WATER A? LOYIDOII.IIIRIDOIL
1.0,9 TIA 9-1990•194, 29 sla pun 0 t Allftwow, nIA W. 0.
TA-lionsew—Aleralas, 19 W. prig I ARO9OOOO, 11 nu. p•., I •

LONDON, THURSDA Y, SEPT. 23.
• POOR Ireland may well call out, " Save me from
my friends 1" We believe that the bitterest foe she
Weer had would recoil from a recommendation in
good set terms to imitate oar neighbours of Flanders
as a panacea for the evils now pressing on her. And
yet, ander the inspiration of the Brussels meeting
(which seems also to have been little understood in
this country), this notable recommendation has been
going the round of the London press for a week back.
This is surely presuming too much on the confidence
which readers are apt to repose in a daily organ of the
press. A great deal is accepted by the public at the
tooha bad.
The their favourite lecturers; but this is rather
The whole experience of two unexampled years
seems thus to have been completely thrown away. It
was in vain that the available sources of information
allowed us to trace the fearful visitation of famine
that has passed over us to its source—in vain was it
declared at the time, and proved by the fact of stocks
left on hand this autumn, that scarcity was the com-
panion of the petite culture, and that the coun-
tries which could share with those in want were such
as tilled the land upon a comparatively large scale.
The notion was certaudy unpalatable to writers who
Lwere desirous of inculcating t there was a scarcity
of glum in England. Let such as maintained the
famine cry now settle their accounts with the public
that has not only been terrified without cause, but
also mulcted as a result of the panic—let them settle,
too, with the unfortunate speculators who took their
words for the scantiness of the supplies that we might
expect from foreign countries.
But their readers have scarcely forgotten the de-
scriptions of the sufferings of the Belgians. The offi-
' cial statements in the chambers, on which the suspen-
sion of the corn duties was founded—the prominent
, in the midst of the general suffering, which
figure
Flanders made—must be fresh in many. recollee-
SODL Bands of starving individuals leaving their
homes by tens of thousands, overflowing Brabant, and _
invading the capital, whence they were systematically
removed to their homes by the frightened police;
, subsidies voted by the chambers, in addition to muni
ficent local sabecriptions ; soup tickets daily issued,
and bread tickets distributed amongst a rank above
the poorest—were all described and commented upon,
with more or less unction, by those who seem to be
unconscious of what they have done.
Flanders, we need scarcely state, is divided into
two parts, the one of which is peopled more densely
than any other agricultural district of Europe, since
it numbers 727 inhabitants to the square mile. The
surface of East Flanders, containing 299,789 hectares
(799,473 acres) was divided, in 1839, into 802,263
allotments, belonging to 137,791 proprietors. The
average sire of properties was, therefore, , 11-13th
aces, that of the allotments was under 1 acre each.
West Flanders has 325,449 hectares, in 662,345 allot-
ments, belonging to 79,788 proprietors. The main
difference between the two is, that the people of Bart
Flanders endeavour to live upon the produce of their
wretched allotments, which they till to a great extent
with the spade : the inhabitants of West Flan-
ders have the greater part of their land under
grass, and produce the butter, for which they
obtain a good price in the London market.
• Were there no corn-laws in Belgium, the West
Flemish would soon amass capital by the simple
rule of baying cheap and selling dear, and their eas-
tern, neighbours would be glad to follow their
exam le. But as there are many circumstances
el in the condition of East Flanders and of
d, the way in which the corn laws affected
both countries, which are by nature fitted to produce
articles valuable for export, has as yet been the same
in both. In other respects the story of the two
people has long been almost the same. The summer
devoted to tilling their potato gardens or small corn
fields, the winter eked out with hand spinning and
hand weaving. A fell crop found every man's barn
full, and no market value for produce. A failure
threw every one into distress, for there was nothing to
fall back upon.
In both countries', however, a foundation is laid for
progress ; and to derive the due benefit from a change
Ireland need not look to Flanders, but rather Flanders
to Ireland. The natural course of things will, how-
ever, bring the people of the two countries nearer to
those of England. It is by abandoning the spinals,'
wheel and substituting machinery on the one honk
and throwing down the Riede to bike up the plough er
tetbe on the other, that both must be rege-
nerated The intelligent and indefatigable secretary
of the society for promoting the growth of fax in
Ireland was at the Brussels congress, and recom-
mended, by a series of detail taken from the expo-
rienoe of lome few years back in Ireland, the system
now pursuing in that country, which has
not yet been adopted in There, all
put hope in restrictions and in protecting
duties. But East Flanders, of which few people
know anything, is the fit example for all
lovers of petty farming. The congress was not, as
some of our contemporaries effect to believe, an idle
attempt to get up an opportunity for spouting
political economy. Belgium is in too sad a condition
to have tolerated an exhibition in such execrably bad
taste. The aongrme was called at the instance of
some who saw the difficulty of the task attempted by
the promt ministry in the bee of an aristocratic
eliqW all-powertel tu a eeeeisy where the inha-
bitant; hew Wearig_leglei theliasebee to a similar
led
ispisince on imagism. tor Landis that which ham
hog prevai in Lobed. - that t-/*
dimpories wool& Witt
ambiden silo as when
to lie issellupare .pad
wick
iebed
way Iwo the arr
woe PI seed their aid to the
oul ash he held its oseditiot
. .

~~~,~
~ _ ,1~-`.z a 0
you ~

rlt wasttrht that the
t opiuucm oa
a ika tissamants
litittal mad oirealatedPre
aim saes Aa th• *oat
van NI mad, they ditt:not
• ti=tkareparts, llat ft
of neat",
:liga ap aa oat to be tatatak
,•

list men like Messrs. BLANQUI and DuNovae. came
rom Paris to meet the representatives of the various
shades of public opinion in other countries. Ireland,
with all its faults, is at least a step in aance
free
trade, and is not likely to give it up.

AMONGST the more opulent members of society
there are none who suffer so severely from the want
of sanitary measures as medical men. It is one d
their daily duties to visit the diseased and dying
among the sick poor, and thus, being brought closely
in contact with them, they often contract those diessess
which are brought on and kept up by filth and po-
verty. For this attendance upon " wretched's...and
vice," in nine cases oat of tee, they receive no remu-
neration, and their lives arehafizTently the forfeit of
their philanthropy. The at which medical
men attend cases of fever is much greater
than is usually supposed, and is one of the
principal causes of the low average of the
duration of life amongst them as a class. It ap-
pears that ordinarily in Ireland nearly one-half of
the medical practitioners have suffered from attacks
of fever, whilst during the present visitation it has i
nearly decimated the whole profession. It must not,
however, be supposed that the only victims of fever
are Irish medical men. We could enumerate a long
list of those who have died within these last six
months, in the practice of this perilous profession, in
the towns and cities of England. Every week the
medical journals record the melancholy fact. Take
the following from the obituary of the Prorincial
Medical owl Surgical Journal of Wednesolay last :
August 30, at Westport, aged 29, of fever, Peter Lovell,
Esq.,M.R.C.S. of Engl., surgeon to the Shruel Dispensary.
Sept. 1, aged 32, of fever, George Vickers Dunne,
physician to the dispensary and fever hospital at Clon-
donagh, Queen's county.
Sept. 4, of fever, Dr. Lander, one of the district medical
oaken in the city of Glasgow.
At Skibbereen, of fever, Thomas Goodison, Esq., M.D.,
of Dublin.
At Bolton, aged 28, of fever, Henry Hatton, Esq.,
medical officer of the western district of Great 13J1ton.
The soldier in battle is not so likely to fall as the
medical man who has to contend with this terrible
esemy, fever. The list of deaths does not, however.
furnish us with the correct estimate of the amount of
suffering. Where one medical man dies, at least ten
recover from attacks of the disease. During these
attacks, it is impossible that he can pursue his
professional avocations, and we have known young
medical men involved in anima difficulties in conse-
quence. Frequently, also, the father of a family in-
troduces the disease at home to his wife and children,
though he himself may not contract the disease.
Under these circumstances, we think that theft are
two points of view in which medical men have
claims on public censideration. First, for as much
protection as can be given from attacks of the disease;
and second, some assistance to their wives and fami-1
lies after their decease. The first point undoubtedly
involves the whole sanitary question. When the
drainage is bad, the ventilation imperfect, and the
supply of water deficient, there fever will reign with
the most intensity, and there will the greatest number
of medical men find their graves. The removal of
these evils must be a work of time, but there ought
TO be no time loot in commencing it; we owe it ahke{
to the poor and those who minister to their flees's-
sities. There is, however, a means of protection which
can and ought to be immediately attended to, and that
is the management of the various public fever ins*
tutions. We know that in this country thip.
fever-wards of workhouses have been excessively
over-crowded, and that the most niggardly
and parsimonious economy has been pursued by
poor-law guardians and parish-officers in the fitting
up of receptacles for fever patients. Better far would
it be for medical men that their patients should be
left in their own homes, bad as they must necessarily
be, than that they should be huddled together, and
the dreadful contagion so concentrated that it is al-
most impossible for the casual visitor to escape its
deadly influence. Frequently in the construction and
selection of these places the greatest amount of igno-
rance is displayed of the nature of fever ; and
the poisonous effluvia which by a little arrangement
might be rendered innocuous by dilation are
allowed to accumulate and poison the atmosphere.
Bad as these things are in many parts of England,
in Ireland they are worse. It is stated that the fever
hospital, in which one of thevictim s, Dr. Duaar,whom
wo have mentioned above, " endeavoured to admi-
nister relief to the miseries of the poor people around
him, consisted of the hind walls of an old cottage,
eked out with boarding and covered with straw,. and
in this wretched shed nearly sixty persons were
crowded together at the time he contracted the,
of which he died." Even this " wretched eh
not erected at the public expense, bat was
and supported by :the noble man who thus joined
the long list of fever martyrs. Surely something
ought to be done by the government in such
a case. But we, the most enlightened and philan-
thropic nation en the face of the earth, have no medi-
cal police. We have no sanitary laws, and, as far as
public health is concerned, we are infinitely worse off
than the naked barbarians of Africa and the South
Sea Islands.
With regard to the second point, there are un-
doubtedly many difficulties, but they ought not to be
such as to preclude assistance being rendered to the
widows and orphans of those who have fallen in the
discharge of a public duty. The principle is already
recognised in the army and navy, and surely
he who loses his life in the godlike work of
rescuing his fellow-creatures from the grave is not
less entitled to consideration than he who risks it for
the honour of his country. In most instances the
medical men who perish of fever are young men, who
have generally spent their little property on their
education, and have bad neither sufficient time nor
practice to save anything for the support of their
wives and families. The sufferings and privations to
which many have been thus reduced are well known
to the members of the medical profession, and we
trust these remarks will serve to draw public atten-
tion to the meansof readying the wants of the class
to which they relate.

Mr. MICHAEL DoRENY, the statesman of the Holy.
cross meeting, is not, it seems, a farmer, but a lawyer,
who has been generally engaged as counsel for those
prosecuted for agrarian offences, and for the numerous
murders springing out of them. Mr. DOHENT is,
therefore, well acquainted with the muses of those
outrages, for which Tipperary is so famous. The more
rational part of the recommendations which he gave
in his speech the other day he previously proffered in
the coarse of his examination before Lord 'cation
of His great nostrum for the pacification
of that turbulent county was then, as it is now, the
security, by law, of tenant-right
There are a great many arguments which may be
adduced in favour of tenant-right, and a great number
of arguments also which may be adduced against it.
Rat one thing. is certain, which is, that nothing can
be more pernicious or more destructive of the peace
, of a coanty than the actual yet disputed existence
' of tenant-nght, ceded by one landlord on one estate,
denied and refused by his next-door neighbour, whilst
the peasant is thus left to invoke or defend a right as
sacred which is really dependent upon the whim or
the peculiar views of individuals.
The examination of the witnesses of the county
Tipperary, examined before the DEVON commission
shows the very great prevalence of tenant-right there.
This right consists, as we said yesterday, lees in per
manency of occupation than in the faculty of selling
the good-will of the holding 'to a new tenant;
the payment of the price of this " good-will," satisfies
the outgoing tenant. It is not given as compensation
for outlay or improvement, but it is simply a peace
offering, by which the incoming tenant propitiates the
murderous and vindictive claims of the old. As the
outgoing tenant is often of the bankrupt, scapegrace,
and reckless class, tenant-right, and the payment
• which it enjoins, is a kind of black-mail paid by the
pacific farmer to the freebooter and the man of 'rio-
t lerom. It is a tribute levied and paid to supply the
*- defective police and security of the country. If such
•be the character of tenant-right, it would be a dis-
grace to any government or legislature to sanction it.
And yet it would be far better to sanction and to
nuke it universal than to allow its partial practice
• Via admission by a certain number of timid landlords,
Wao time create a popular belief of the right,
apses to popular vengeance, in consequence,
*Me us landlords who resist it. It
• • # Impossible not to see, that the continually
sad peculiarly disturbed state of Tipperary
t" bas been owing to this mingled practice and dial-
lemma of tenant-right. It has given rise to a wir
between landlord and tenant which could not have
liessms me !amorous ar ^^ • -^ry were it merely