The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-21 00:00:00

SHIPPING.

......-- -.-......
MAILS AIIETVED.-3 Dublin; 2 Waterford; I Do-
naghadee ; I French; I Flanders.
Lowoote, Oct. 21.—Wind this day at noon, S.W., mode-
rate breeze, and fine.
Dear., Oct. 20.—S.W. to W.S.W.—Arrived: Phoebe,
Australia; fedora, Patagonia. Arrived from the river for :
Kinnear, Port Philip; Fifeshire, Sydney; Vicar of Bray,
iquigne. Off North Foreland: Hansa, Rio Janeiro, for Ham-
burg, in a very leaky and damaged state, having been in
contact with a steam-tug._
CLTDI, Oct. 19.—S.W.—Sailed: Diana, Newfoundland.
Wierravogio, Oct. 19.—N.N.W.—Arrived: Danube, St.
John's, N.B.
GLovegsratt, Oct. 20.—Arrived : Juan*, Quebec.
Dvticim, Oct. 18.—Arrived : Agnes and Ann. St. John's,
N. 8., which palmed, 29th ult., in lat. 46. long. 42., a barque,
with male figure-head and high poop deck, abandoned, with
main-mast gone ; nn the 4th instant, lat. 47. long. 23.. a
brig, diemasted and abandoned ; and a quantity of timber
and deals every day since leaving the Banks of Newfound-
land, till within ten miles of Cape Clear.
FALMOUTH, OCT 20.—N.W., strong and squally.—Off
Port: Fanny, Prince Edward's Island, for Shields. The
Daphne, which put back 13th Instant, has a leak. The Stu
Queen (a.) has been laid on the ground. The Shannon (..),
ran into the Inconvtunt to-day, and did considerable da-
mage to her quarter and stern.
Pt:mourn, Oct. 20.—S.W.—Arrived: H.M.S. Belle
Isla, Quebec.
KINGSTOVIN, Oct. 17.—Arrived : Kathleen, Africa.
SHIELDS, OCT 20.—The Providentia, of li,iga, from
Rostock," foundered off the Doggerbank, 110% inst. ; qv,'
saved, and brought here by the Maria,

eee For rOaterd,9ol .11.04—•
...eta are._.

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THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN
OPERATIONS.By Pantos, Gardener to is G
the Dube
."of Desonshire, he. he. Reprinted from the Gardeners'
Ch
Abate 25,000 have already been mold.
CONIXIMS :
Fruit
Fuchdas
Gentimnan
Udine
Gooseberries

African Du
Agspinthilics
Anesidnes
Amami,
APPIe•
Avg
Aurioulas
Bow
Feet
Biennials
Meek ayfi &aka, st of, for Cot-

--
biers
&wage
Dors:ale

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interne!. uproots
Budding
Bulbs
Cabbage
Cactus
CslosoLidos
Califontraa Mamie
C..napdaulas
Qunatlons
Carrots
Cauliflowers
Celery
amnia
China Asters
China Bores
Chrysanthemums, Chi-

Mignonette
Mint
Mustard
Narcissus
Nem6pbilac
CEnothera terms
Onions
Peonies
Parvuip
Par-lop
Peaches
Pea-haulm
Pears
Peas
PelargOnium's
Perennials
Persian Iris
Petanias
Phlox
MAT= IrITZ
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Elwyn. Weithlirtanum t.,

Green ay
Hansoms
Herbs
Herbaceous Peren-
nials

flelioCrops
Hollyhocks
Honeysuckle
Honr-ildinh

--
Hyacinthe
Hydrangeas
Hyaena
Indian Cream
Iris
-

Kidney Beans
Lavender

Laymm-7
Leek.
Leptodpbons
Lettuce
London PM.
Lvcrtniu, Double
Itar!gvid

-----
Marjoram
Manures
Marvel of Pert

nese
Chiles
Makin
Clematis
COMMIS/I
Coleworts
Cress
Creepers
Crocus
Crown Imperials
Cucumbers
Cultivation of Flowers

In R'indows
Currants
Dahlias
Dekko
Dog's-tooth Violeta
ItalnUttionA. pruParin6

art de for
Ferns, as protection
ILLUITIL
Published at .I'lu
(Larry's" Mike. S. U-

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Pliaffill
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Pelmams
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Salo.
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deeds
Sea doT or Tlirift
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Beleetyertables and

Fruits
Snails sad Slup
Snowdrops
Spinach
Spruce. Ftr
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Stocks
!Strawberries
Sunnier Savory
Sweet Williams
Thorn Umbras
Thyme
Tigrklis Pleat&
Transplanting
Tree lifnag

-
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Venus's LcokingVass
Verbtnas
Vines
Virjrinisn
W IllowersBtccie
Willows
Zinnias

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MAILS.
The overland clotted mails, via Marseitka. to the Mediterranean,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, lloeg-Kong, 31c., will be made up on the
evening of the 24th October.
The mails for Coronae, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made up on the morning of the 27th October.
The mails for New South Wales, Van Ihemaa's Land, will be made
ap oe the 31st October.
The West India mails, including those for Mezko, llondaras, and
Havana, will be made up on the morning of the lad November.
nal overland mails for Gibraltar, Malta, °mac, the lonian Islands,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, !long-Kam, and China, via Soutnampton,
will be made up on the morning of the 3rd November.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
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anonymously but Huse who choose to Ocher no In confidence will
find their confidence respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TO RETURN ANY MA.IUSCRIPTS WHATEVER.
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Two o'clock on the day of publication.

start WATER AT LONDON-BRIDOE.
TIM DST. Mot Wag, 13 min. pot 2 ; Afternoon, 31 min. pad 2.
Toaiossow.—Morninft, 49 rain. put 2 ; Afternoon, 3 lain. pest 3.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY ~00T._21.

SOME weeks ago there appeared in the Espanol,
Madrid newspaper, a summary and extracts of
Lord PALMERSTON'S note, presented to the Spanish
Government by Mr. BULWER. Now, there appears
in the Revue des Deus Mondea a similar dis-
aware of the main arguments employed by M.
GCIZOT in rebutting Lord PALMERSTON'S accusation
and protest. It would be unfair and unsatisfactory
to attempt to draw conclusive inferences from these
garbled documents, for which each journalist has no
doubt culled those parts and assertions which most
favour his view of the question. Besides, we have
ample time for coming to a judgment on the merits of
LOUIS PHILIPPE, M. GCIZOT, Lords ABERDEEN and
PALMERSTON. We have quite sufficient information
as to the fact of Spain having been juggled out of
her constitutional freedom and independent action,
and of England's having been tricked out of that
just influence and weight in the political arrangement
of Spain, to which her services and sacrifices to that
country justly entitled her. The bare idea that,—
after having waged the Peninsular war in order to
keep a French Prince out of Spain, concluded the
Quadruple Treaty, and sent our ships and marines
to combat in Spain to defend the freedom and inde-
pendence of the Spaniards,—the result should be
the introduction of a French Prince to the Spanish
throne, by undermining the freedom, abrogating the
constitution, and destroying the independence of
Spaniards, is indeed monstrous. It cannot but hand
down England and her politicians as a laughing-
stock to posterity. In the future fables which will
illustrate the deeds of our day, we may surely reckon
that Louts PHILIPPE will be Reynard the Fox, and
England the Gibby Goose, of the middle of the nine-
teenth century.
The past, however, is one consideration ; the future
is another. The marriage of the Duke de MONTPEN-
BIER with the INPINTA is a point at which we
evidently come to a break or close in our policy. It is
the full termination of a chapter in a book. And it
offers the opportunity for taking breath and consider-
ation, as to how far it may be wise to continue the old
policy, or to persevere in that line of diplomatic
argument and conduct which has produced such mor-
tifying results.
Those of our contemporaries who are honoured with
the confidence of the Foreign-office, and who un-
dertake to declare and defend its policy, have got
astride the Treaty of Utrecht, and join Lord PAL-
MERSTON in making it a chervil de bataille for tilting
against the King of the Fazriert and his Government.
We should, for our part, much prefer basing our
rights on common sense and common fairness, than
on either the letter or spirit of a worm-eaten treaty,
which Mr. GLADSTONE amused himself by tearing
up last year, in the House of Commons, and which
M. OVIZOT can quite as ingeniously put his
foot through now. One need go no farther
back than the Quadripartite treaty to establish,
that for the French King to take advantage of our
exertions in the execution of that treaty, and marry
his son to the heiress of the Spanish throne without
consulting us, and against our interest and consent,
was an act of the greatest treachery and injustice.
Nor do we require to disinter or expound the Treaty
of Utrecht in order to characterise such conduct ; and
to warrant any degree of resistance or retaliation,
which it may be politic to adopt.
The only advantage of invoking the Treaty of
Utrecht would be, the thereby enlisting the other
powers of Europe on our side, and inducing Austria,
for example, to join us in protesting against
re-marriages between the Bourbon families of
France and Spain. Since Austria, however, pro-
tests against the rights of ISABELLA, and maintains
those of the son of DON CARLOS, as best calculated to
preserve Spanish independence—a view which expe-
rience unfortunately proves not quite so erroneous as
it has been thought—we cannot have Austria for :an
ally in the invocation of the Treaty of Utrecht. Prussia
dreams of trade, not of a war of succession, and will
certainly not take up arms for the Treaty of Utrecht.
As for Russia, provided she can set England and
France squabbling, she is satisfied ; and therefore very
unfit to be trusted or consulted as an ally.
. .

.........
England, therefore, is left alone to hoist the Treaty
of Utrecht as a banner ; and we are afraid this
banner may lead to false moves of policy, as it has
already produced no good effect in persuading or dis-
suading the French. We hear it whispered by our
Foreign-office journals that England has protested or
will protest against the offspring of the Duke de
MONTPENSIER succeeding to the Spanish throne,
and that this protest is based upon the Treaty of
Utrecht.

Such a measure must be either a brutum fulmen,
en empty menace, or it is the proclamation of
a future war. As either one or the other, we
must deprecate it. To suppose that any threat'
could induce the King of the French or the I
Duke de MONTPENSIER to disinherit the offspring of
the latter, is absurd. The French themselves would
fling contempt and its consequences on a prince who

could be capable of t.uch an act. If, therefore, our
prediction respecting the Spanish succession prove
true, future governments of England would be bound
either to make war upon Spain and France, or to take
up that semi-hostile attitude towards the Court of
Madrid, maintained at present by the Eastern power.
What results or advantages are thus to be gained,
we do not see.
The marriage of the Duke de MONTPENSIER to the
Infanta was, we admit, a most untoward and un-
warrantable act, and one for which the King of the
FRENCH merits whatever vengeance we can take. But
the young prince and princess are not to blame, still
less their offspring; and we ought to shrink from en-
tailing war or enmity, either upon them or upon our-
selves. The marriage is like many that take place
to the extreme annoyance of all theme ders interested ;
that is to say, it was a marriage have been pre-
vented by every possible means. But if, in despite
of vigilance, the union has taken place, it then only
remains to make the best of it.
And herein we think the Treaty of Utrecht some-
what inapplicable. It evidently provided for a
period of despotic government, when the whole
power and authority in France and in Spain
was concentrated in the will of the monarch, and
when the people were like other chattel property, to
be disposed of by will, or carried away by succession.
Not so now. The reigning sovereign in all countries
is checked and barred by popular opinion ; and as
for the right of succession, the people and the re-
presentative assemblies, in all countries, have taken
upon themselves to decide. The English people, the
French people, the Spanish people, have all exercised
that right ; and in exercising it, have virtually
rendered null the old micro-sanctity of the law of
royal succession.
The question, therefore, of who is to occupy, who
succeed to, the Spanish throne, instead of being, as
in the days of the Treaty of Utrecht, a question for
a congress, for diplomatists and monarchs, has simply
become a question for the Spanish people. It is for
them to decide, not for us. And by appealing from
them to the Treaty of Utrecht, or to the Court of
Vienna, or to the Coart of the Tuilleries, we are
merely going backward to an illiberal and retrograde
state of public and international law.
Instead of protesting that the MoNTPENSIER mar-
riage is contrary to the Treaty of Utrecht, and that
consequently its offspring cannot succeed, we should
better understand and admire a protest that
the Spanish constitution has been violated, the
Cortes packed, and the court enabled by foreign
intrigue and military predominance to exercise undue
violence both un the rights of the QUIIEN and of the
nation ; a court coterie and a French Ambassador
wresting and procuring, by means at once fraudulent
and violent, the mock consent of IS4BELLA and of the
country. But to such might be replied, that it comes
too late. England has suffered long since the over-
throw of the Spanish constitution, the abrogation of
Spanish liberties, and the instalment of a military
dictatorship. By tamely suffering, and content-
edly acquiescing in this, England drew down upon
herself, and deserved, the consequences which have
now followed, in the total loss of her influence, and
in the transference of the Spanish crown, as, for a
long time previous, of the government, to the House
of Orleans.

WE regret to perceive, by the report of the Bishop
of LONDON'S charge, that his lordship's assistance is
not to be calculated upon in removing the difficulties
which obstruct a comprehensive scheme of National
Education. Ile thinks the present not a proper
time to enter upon a new system ; objects to the
separation of religious and secular instruction ; and
recommends co-operation with existing societies.
It is passing strange that those who will not hear
of the voluntary system in religion, should prefer it,
and rely upon it, for education. The experience of
half a century, dating from BELL and LANCASTER, or ,
of above three-quarters of a century, dating from
RAIKES, has fixed the stamp of failure (as
to nationality of instruction) upon the purest
zeal, the most determined perseverance, and the
most generous liberality. Devoted men have put
their hands to the plough, never looking back ; they
have flung the seed broadcast over the land ; and yet
what a wide extent of it remains a wilderness ! How
much longer is the vain experiment to last? We are
told that more is done and doing ; but still the increase
of population outstrips all increase of scholastic in-
struction. The tortoise will never catch the hare,
however diligently he may mend his pace. With the
returnsof untaught children, of the meagre and useless
attainments of those who aro somewhat schooled, and
of the ascertained proportion of adults unable to write
or read, staring us in the face, a continued reliance
upon voluntary effort is not rational faith, but
blind credulity.
In his anxiety that religious and secular instruc-
tion should not be separated ; nor children be led to
undervalue religion as something foreign from the
concerns of life ; nor a race of school teachers be found
devoid of all religious character; the Bishop of Los-
DON loses himself among details and words, and is
forgetful of facts. According to the strictness of
theological demarcation, the fractions of a creed-
divided people are doomed to be mutually irreligious.
For us, there can be no national education, as, indeed,
there can be no national existence, without toleration.',
Diversity of faith is a fact which we are compelled to
recognise in our political institutions and our social
union. Let the heads of the Church recognise it in refe-
rence to education,and the great difficulty is surmounted.
There are hundreds of accredited school teachers now,
patronised by the State, who are not religious in the
sense of the Bishop of London, as his favoured
teachers are not religious in their sense. We cannot
see the desecration, or, in itself, the difficulty, of em-
ploying them for combined instead of isolated labours ;
and in the same, instead of separate, school-houses.
The principle is already conceded ; and the concession
cannot be recalled. The State is the actual paymas-
ter of those who teach different systems of religion.
Whether they teach in different buildings, is a very
subordinate consideration. And as children do not
undervalue the teacher of geography, or his
lessons, because he may be a different per- 1
son from the teacher of penmanship, there seems
no reason for the Bishop's fear lest religion
should be undervalued when it has a separate teacher.
If the child's appreciation of the task be guided by
his estimate of the teacher, an opposite result may be
expected. The social grade of the clergyman, and of the
dissenting minister, will generally be deemed higher
than that of the mere schoolmaster. In the religious
lessons, the child will be in the presence of his parents'
teacher, and often of his teacher's teacher. This cir-
cumstance alone will tend to produce a conviction of
importance in the subject, and a sense of its sanctity.
And although the master of a parish or district school,
comprising pupils of all religious denominations, and
some of no denomination, should be devoid of prose.
lyting and sectarian tendencies, it by no means
follows that he should not be, in the purest and
broadest sense of the word, a religious man.
Unless ho is, he can be but ill-fitted for his functions.
Nor is there any reason why,—and this would
utterly demolish one of the bishop's difficulties,—the
secular teacher should not also be the religious teacher
of that portion of the school which consists of chil-
dren of the same persuasion. There is nothing in
any of these details that would not soon give way
before willing minds and hearty co-operation. Dis-
senters have their demnrrings as well as the
clergy ; but they would not resist the influence
of an earnest and liberal example. The heads of
the Church, however, are practically the arbiters
of this momentous question. Against their protest
and hostility there can be no national education,
properly so called; nor can they provide any adequate
substitute for the blessing they prevent. Their power
stops with the negation. We had hoped, before the
delivery of this charge, that a deep sense of the pre-
vailing ignorance and depravity had prepared them

RE EXPRESS, WEDNESIA
to arm:mats with the Government in whatever prise-
d . will mitigate the evil ; sad we will
that his Grace of Lostem may have
bees precipitate, than yield to the bitterness
ettiesppointment.
Dr. CHALMERS has taken an impressive farewell of
public meetings in his address on " the most effectncl
methods of diffusing a thorough education, both
Christian and common, among the working classes."
His point of view is different from that of the
Bishop of LONDON, and he passes by the ques-
tion of State interposition. The kreat ob-
ject to which his solemn and fervid eloquence
directs itself, is that of completely accomplishing the
instruction and Christianising of particular
rather than allowing the waste of beneficent efforts
by spreading them over s larger surface, where they
are likely to reach the surface only. This considera-
tion is a most important one, as relates to " ragged
schools" and similar endeavours for gaod. We may
add that it also bears upon the necessity of calling the
powers of the State into action. The depths of igno-
rance and misery require a longer plummet-line to
sound them, than that of individual, associated, or
congregational benevolence. We may almost regard
this address as the dying warning of that accqm-
pliahed Christian philosopher and philanthropist,
against trusting to " the mere attractive power of
education." It must be brought home to the people.
It must be provided and required. It must become
a national institution, and it will soon be prized as
our noblest national heritage.

THE curious case of BERKELEY v. the Constituency
of West Gloucestershire is going on with great spirit.
We had the declaration, in the shape of Mr. GRANTLEY
BERKELEY'S first letter ; the replication, in the joint
epistle of the representatives of the constituency, was
printed in the Express of the 17th ; and now we
are favoured with Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY'S re-
joinder in his letter, which will be found in our
columns of this day.
There is certainly good ground for demurrer in this
remarkable communication, on the score of ungramma-
tical lan,ruage ; and for that it is, in other respects,
" informal, unintelligible, and otherwise insufficient."
We never remember to have read a more RADCLIFFE
like document. " The predominant shadows " brood
over it like the undisclosed mysteries of UDOLPHO.
There is " a disgraceful submission," and an attempt
to " force by his (Lord FITZHARDINGE'S) own acts,
at the instigation of another, Mr. GRANTLEY
BERKELEY into a position which incapacitates him
from doing his duty to his constituents." Then the
" private arrangement " looms larger and larger upon
us, as something which affects Mr. BERKELEY'S " pub-
lic position ;" but anon, he dashes the subject from
him, as " scorning to call for any additional sympathy
from the public, or to seem to seek friends other than
the abstract public quarrel may require."
It is a most mysterious business altogether, and has
a sort of rightful-heir, behold-the-murderer, bluefire
Victoria smack about it. The horrid secret is to
burst on the constituency "at the right time;" when
the wicked brother will be unmasked, the " predo-
minant shadows" cleared away, and the injured in-
nocence of Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY proclaimed,
amidst the " tears, cheers, and laughter" of a genuine
"blaze of triumph."
Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY, in his first letter,
accused Lord FITZHARDINGE of throwing him
over, without complaint made, explanation given,
or opportunity offered him of changing his coat ;
of advancing to the Radical, or receding to the
Tory ranks, according to the will of the noble
nominor. The same epistle charged certain influ-
ential persons of the West Gloucestershire consti-
tuency with giving way to this cruel determination
of the elder brother, and calmly allowing poor Mr.
GRANTLEY BERKELEY to be made a JONAS of, in order
to allay some darkly revealed domestic squall in Berke-
ley Castle: the Earl threatening, if they did not submit,
that he would no longer defray certain registration
expenses for the county. The letter containing
these charges was commented on, with a
freedom provoked by the singularity of its
grammatical structure, the very un-English
character of its language, and the peculiar picture it
presented of an independent county constituency,
lackeying the will of a resident nobleman, and blow-
ing hot and cold in obedience to the signals from
Berkeley Castle. The comments it gave rise to could
hardly have been pleasant to the active persons who
took upon them to personate the liberal electors of
West Gloucestershire. They retorted, accordingly,
with an indirect disavowal of the base imputation
laid on them by Mr. BERKELEY, declaring:
That the revolution come to by the meeting was principally caused
by the knowledge of Mr. Grantley Berkeley having, in the year 1145,
in the stroogesttilgus, announced his determination immediately
to resbri/seistieSniil EParibriatirnlmge weresom l'frfievetd.arnAln,Emelt be-
tweenarcee that, upon a revival of a discussion upon this private matter,
the Liberal interest of this division might be placed in extreme
Jeopaidy by the sudden retirement of the honourable gentleman at
any moment be might think fit, and when it might be inconvenient,
if not impoesible, to bring forward a candidate to supply his place..
In other words, that the BERKELEY family were con-
tinually quarrelling; and that Mr. G. BERKELEY might
be pitched over, or pitch himself over, at any moment,
either carrying a portion of his supporters with him
from the Berkeley Castle cause—in other words, the
Liberal cause in the county—or so petrifying them
between the neutralising fears of abandoning a BERKE-
LEY, or opposing the BERKELEY, that the enemy
might profit by the opportunity and return a Tory.
West Gloucestershire, they argued, rests on the house
of BERKELEY. The house of BERKELEY is divided
against itself, and cannot stand. In its fall, down
goes the Liberal interest of the county. Overboard
with Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY. This 18 their ver-
sion of the matter. The victim's rejoinder puts a
different and more discreditable interpretation
upon it.
The meeting at which they decided on withdraw-
ing their support took place on the 15th of September,
at Gloucester, and was convened by Lord Frrzaan-
DINO& Another meeting was held, at the instance of
the victim nominee, on the 6th October. At that meeting
they confessed that the price of poor Mr. GRANTLEY
BERKELEY'S sacrifice was the registration expenses of
the county, hitherto paid by Lord FITZHARDINGE.
The victim restates this fact ; and declares, in lan-
guage and with a figure worthy of Lord CASTLEREAGH,
that " the man or gentlemen, be they many or few,
who deny that such was the information afforded to
me, tarns his back upon the fact, and is guilty of
evasion." This is what he calls "distinctly replying,
collectively, severally, and separately to each of them."
This, says the belligerent nominee, letting out his
irresistible punch-on-the-head tendencies, " I declare,
and will maintain my declaration in each and every
possible way that man may defend the truth." But he
has a better argument for the truth of his representa-
tion of the affair than this method of defiance ; which
a good deal resembles that of the Irishman who
trails his coat through the fair, requesting any gentle-
man present to tread on the tails of it, and assert the
self-destructive proposition that the white of his eye
is black. - . _

The victim has letters from one of the very influ-
ential electors who signed letter No. 2. He quotes
one addressed to him on the let of August, before
Lord FITZHARDINGE'S veto had been promulgated, in
which the writer declares,
" I have only to say I see no reason why I should not support you
as I hare &limys done? and if you wish to co ..e into this part of the
world to see your oonstanenta I shall be most glad to.see you, 5x as
long a time so you like to remain."

This ready courtesy is amusingly contrasted with
the next extract from a letter by the same hand, of
the 24th of September, at which time the BERKELEY
ban had gone forth against the rebellious broth er.
Thus writes the warm and hospitable friend of
August the 21st. " One little month

..rhens are few things would plead me more then to serve you,
but I cannot do so at the expense of forsaking the earl, who is the
old friend I bare in the world. I hare always supported his
nominee, and I hope I shall continue to do so. You MU me I pro.
mimed to support you. I said I saw nn reason then why I should not
give you my support as real, but I trust this letter will exploit' to
you why I gannet do ex"
There is no getting over thin. This liberal gen tie-

Man has rivetted the collar of serfdom about his own
neck with his own hands : " Liter" scripts Inaoset."
We have it in black and white. He has always sup-
' ported the Earl's nominee, and hopes he will continue
to do so !" Just as a man says, " I have been sober,
or honest, or charitable, or anything else that is
creditable, hitherto, and hope to remain so." He is
too humble to say he ti// remain so. Humanity is
frail, and ho may not have strength to hold to the
right. But "he hopes to continue !" Excellent,
humble, striving elector !
" When thieves fall out, honest men come by their
own," says the proverb. When nominees and nomi-
nors quarrel, independent men learn what decides
elections. The picture is a repulsive one; but may
have its uses. It shows many who would be slow to be-
lieve it on less unmistakeable evidence, how the interests
of an electoral district, and the credit of a constituency,
may hang on the discreditable private feuds of a
noble family, or the paltry meanness of a few " in-
fluential electors "—who sell, not their own, but their
party's political birthright, for a few hundreds of
registration expenses. It uncovers the feet of very
vile clay on which rests the golden idol of our repre-
sentative constitution, and shows how poor a guarantee
there is in liberal professions for an honest discharge
of political duties. For Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY
himself, so far as we can understand his letters,
which defy ordinary rules of interpretation, he
seems to have been treated in the style, which,
if there be a political as well as a poetical
justice, should be specially reserved for the no-
minee. He has abdicated his self-dependence, and
is taught the lesson how unstable every other support
may prove. He has allowed himself to be nose-led,
and, by the inevitable progression of such cases, ends
by being kicked. But he is the victim, and as such
claims a sort of pity.
The influential electors who signed the declaration
in the second letter, have no such character to shelter
under. They arc, in plain English, the abject politi-
cal toadies of Lord FITZIIARDINGE. For "certain
monies " they sell their voices, pr:nciplcs, influences,
and consciences. They hardly venture to evade,

much less deny, the charge of having done so.
Yet, while indirectly confessing, they complicate their
slavishness with duplicity ; and attempt to glow over
the contemptible meanness of their conduct, with
specious professions of regard for " the best interests
of the Liberal party."
There is hollowness in all partisanship ; and the
best cause is seldom free from the alloy of underhand
design and sordid self-seeking. But it belongs to all
that is noble and pure in Liberalism, to disown such
supporters as these Berkeley-castle flunkies, who dis-
grace the colours of truth and progress in West
Gloucestershire. Despot, tools and victim,--each
branch of the triad is worthy of the other.

The Paris journalists still return to the appa-
rently interminable and inexhaustible question of the
Spanish marriages, and the treaty of Utrecht. The
ministerial journals take it up by turns. On Sunday
the Journal des Debate mounted guard, and was re-
lieved on Monday by L'Epoque, in an article of four
long leading columns upon it. These journals con-
tinue also the res yes& of the nuptial spectacles from
hour to hour, up to the evening of the 13th, on
which day the royal brides with their bridegrooms,
amused themselves at the exhibition of bull-baiting,
and in the evening went to the Theatre del Principe.
ministerial journals advert with apparent
satisfaction to the return of Mr. Bulwer to Madrid, and
his presence at the reception at the palace on the
12th. The Espanol, a journal understood to be in
communication with the Britiah legation, has published
a statement intended to explain his presence on that
occasion:

" The appearance of the British ambassador," says that
journal, " produced a thousand very natural comments.
That minister had abstained hitherto from being present at
any ceremony where he might be supposed to sanction by his
approval the Montpenaier marriage. Thus he declined being
present at the ceremony of the double marriage. But when
invited to a reception declared to be ordered by her majesty
on the occasion of her marriage, he embraced the opportu-
nity of signifying by his presence the approbation of his go-
vernment respecting the marriage of the queen. His con-
duct on the occasion of the reception rendered his object
evident. He felicitated her majesty upon her marriage, but
offered no similar compliment to the infanta ; and when her
royal highness addressed to him the usual inquiry after the
health of his sovereign, be answered simply that her Majesty
Queen Victoria was well, but did not add one word more."
The departure of the Queen and Royal Family for
La Granja was fixed for the 14th. Meanwhile festi-
vities continued to be got up in the city. Dancers
hired for the purpose performed everywhere in the
streets, collecting crowds around them—a convenient
substitute for natural and spontaneous enthusiasm.
The Heraldo, the ministerial journal, complains of
the delay of the amnesty, an expedient, says the C'on-
stitutionnel, familiar to all ministerial journals, to
give increased value to a concession at once incomplete
and inevitable. •

The apprehension of Carlist disturbances is not dis-
guised. It is certain, says the Heralds, that the
most ardent fraction of the Carlist party is eager to
throw itself into the miMe. Incendiary proclama-
tions are circulated. The Carlist Chiefs have started
from their respective places of abode ; and it cannot
be doubted that an attempt is contemplated, sup-
ported by the Miguelite party in Portugal. Great
military precautions have been taken at Corunna,
where an outbreak is feared.
The

itationnel ascribes the refusal of the
northern courts to co-operate with England in its
diplomatic protests against the Spanish marriage,
to their unwillingness, even indirectly, to acknow-
ledge Queen Isabella.
fhe French Government," saysthe Constitutionnel, "bad
hoped to present to Queen Isabella, as a dower, the scknow-
ledgment of her sovereignty by the Courts of Vienna, Ber-
lin, and St. Petersburg, while England wished to induce
the same powers to concur in her views respecting the mar-
riages. It is pribable that these Courts will disappoint both
expectations.n They will keep themselves out of the dispute
between the Cabinets of London and Paris. They
will endeavour to sustain and perpetuate this dissent, which
it will be easy to turn to the advantage of absolatist princi-
ples. To invoke against Isabella the treaties signed by Phillip
V., would be implicitly to acknowledge her his heir. No et, the
royalty of Isabella will long be considered by them a usurpa-
tion, against which there are many other arguments than
those which England borrows from the Treaty of Utrecht."
Advice from Geneva inform us of the continuance
of tranquillity there. The Journal de I 'Ain, of the
16th says :
We learn this morning that French troops have been
ordered to advance upon the Swiss frontiers. A division of
artillery from Lyons was to go a part to Nantua and a part
to Feeney, to remain there till further orders. Two batallions
of the 68th Regiment, in garrison at Lyons, are ordered one
to Nantua, and the other to Ger. Two companies, detached
from these betallions, were to reinforce the garrison of the
Fort of Eclase. It is said that Austria and Sardinia were
also about to march troops upon the Swiss frontiers. The
frequent and agitated movements of the most ardent Swiss
patriots raise an apprehension that some new attempt is about
to be made, either against Basle or Fribourg."
The tranquillity and order maintained at Geneva
have extorted the reluctant approbation of the French
Ministerial and Jesuitical Journal& The Rhone, a
Ministerial Journal, publishes a letter from Geneva,
dated the 13th, as follows :
" This City is as calm as it is possible to be after such
events; although the principle of authority is destroyed, the
principle of order is maintained. The provisional govern-
ment evinces its conciliating spirit by convoking the militia.
It is only at Geneva that one could see such changes without
peril. To-day an Emeute, with the Hotel de Ville OCCu-
pied by the insurgents of the Faubourgs—to-morrow the
very quarter of the Enseute guarded by the soldiers which
had just been employed to attack it, and all this without
bluster, without offensive language, and without even per-
sonal inconvenience. No one has been insulted, and no
one maltreated."

The Algemeine Zeitung of the 14th inst. renders
full justice to the conciliating policy and capacity of
the Provisional Government of Geneva :
" Our city," says the correspondent of that paper, " enjoys
a tranquillity extraordinary after a revolution. The Provi-
sional Government, which is composed of capable men, has
inspired public confidence."
The elections for the Constituent Assembly are
appointed to take place on the 25th hut. There is
every present prospect of a majority favouring the
views of the actual government. The question of
postal reform begins to be agitated in France. The
Constitutionnel on Monday devotes the whole of
its first page to an analysis of the question of a
uniform and small postage, and reproduces,
mutatie mutandia, all the old arguments the
force of which finally established in England Mr.
Hill's system of penny postage. Thus it demonstrates ,
that the actual cost of delivering letters does not ma-
terially vary with the distances to which they are
transmitted, and that, consequently, a comparatively
heavy rate of charge to the greater distances is unjust.

A uniform rate of twopence for all distances is advo-
cated. It is easy to see that this measure of reform
must soon prevail in France, and probably throughout
Europe.
The Free-trade agitation continues. A meeting
was announced to be held on Monday at Havre, in
the Salle des Bala, to which the merchants, and all
other persons interested in trade and industry, arc
invited.
The Detbats devotes three leading columns to an
analysis and refutation of the manifesto issued by the
saga elation of Protectionists at Lille, and which was
read at the great Protectionist meeting held last week
at that city. It would be idle to repeat either the
arguments of the Lillois or the answers of the Dibats.
The English public has them by heart. They are
identical word for word with the Bond-street mani-
festoes end the Covent Garden harangues. But the
French public has still to learn what the English pub-
lic have been taught by years of Free-trade agitation.
The National publishes a letter of its Lisbon cor-
respondent, dated the 7th inst., containing an account
of the events which attended the political changes
effected by the Queen. It appears that a plot of the
Cabralist party, favoured by the Queen, had been
working for some time, and secretly undermining the
Palmclla Cabinet. The bank had been directed to
shut its coffers, extinguish credit, and throw
commerce into embarrassment. The Ministry were
deprived of the funds necessary for the pay of the
troops. The Spanish Legation held daily communi-
tion with the Palace, conveying the Cabral correspond-
ence with the Queen. The Chargé d'Affaires of
France had frequent interviews with Dietz. Saldanha
had frequent audiences at the Palace. Meanwhile
1)on Carlos Msecarenba, a furious Cabralist, and
former Commander of the Municipal Guard, intrigued
with the former Commanders of regiments, and
enlisted them in the conspiracy in the Queen's name.
All the preparations were completed on the 4th, but
the blow was not struck until the night of the Gth.
The details of the coup d'etat have already appeared.
The correspondent of L'Esprit Public says that
Don Caesar de Vasooncellos had crossed the Tagus,
and raised the banner of insurrection. Many young

men of the capital had flocked to join him :
" Nothing is yet concluded; on the contrary, we are only
at the commencement of a revolution, which will have
for its inevitable result the subversion of the throne of
Donna Maria. Here are the elements of the crisis:
the Court, long suspected by the people, throws off
the mask with an impudence comparable only to the
perfidy of its measures. The ministry, dishonoured by
the treachery of Saldanha its chief. The treasury
empty ; credit ruined ; the troops without pay ; five or six
thousand Spanish Progressistas assembled at the depiits of
Cascaes and Peniche, from which tho Septembrids will not
hod it difficult to induce them to issue forth ; the British
squadron in full sail for Lisbon; the Miguelite party or-
ganised in the north, and ready to rise ; Espartero in Lon-
don ; and the Count de Montemolino at large. The conse-
quences of such a state of things are not limited to Portugal.
Spain is put on her guard. The Spanish squadron stationed
at Vigo has sailed. Troops from Pontevedre and Santiago
are advancing by forced marchesto the Portuguese frontier."
Extensive importations of grain arc made at the
port of Marseilles. From the Ist of July to the 30th
of September more than 200,000 hectolitres have been
admitted. 73,000 are at this moment unlading, and
more than a million of hectolitres ore soon expected
to arrive. Those who speak of duties forming an ob-
stacle to the importation of foreign corn are deceived.
There only exists at this moment in the Mediterra-
nean ports a nominal duty of 2id on the importation
of foreign corn in French ships.

The Madrid journals of the 14th inst. inform us
that on the previous day the royal family were all
assembled at the bull fights. The French princes
appeared to take great pleasure in this entertainment.
In the evening the royal party went to the Theatre
del Principe. Or. the 14th the Queen, Don Fran-
cisco, the Duke and Duchess of Montpcnsier, and the
Duke d'Aumale, left Madrid for the Escurial and
La Granja. They were to return on the 15th for
the royal bull fights. The Ministers were engaged
in discussing the terms of the proposed amnesty, and
were said to be by no means unanimous in their
opinions. On this subject, El Clamor Public° states,
" a journal announces that the Infanta Louisa will
not remain long in Paris, for the Queen has declared
she cannot be long separated from her sister." The
same journal remarks, " there are persons who assert
that there have arrived in Spain, from France, two
chests of the crosses of honour, to be distributed, as
the fears de lys were at the Restoration."

FRANCE.—The importations of corn continue to
be considerable in France. There are at Marseilles 75,000
hectolitres in bond, and one million more are expected.
The Baron Davißier, Peer of France, an old and
respected banker, died in Paris on Sunday, aged 88.
TheCenstitutionnel announces the escape of Colonel
Francisco tirande, who was attached to the house of Count
Montemolin, and had remained at Bourget after the depar-
ture of the Prince from that town•

DIPLOMATIC ARRANGEMENTS. The Comte de
Rossi, as we have already announced, will not leave his em-
bossy at Rome, and will speedily resume his post. M. de
Bois Lccomte, Minister at the Hague, who is considered
sine of the cleverest members of tho krench diplomatic body,
is to be appointed Amhassador in Switzerland, in the room
of Count Pontois, recalled. M. de Bussires will replace
M. de Bois Lecomte at the Hague.
AFFAIRS OF ALGERIA.—The Akhbor of Algiers of
the 11th has the following from lljemma-Cihazsouat :—" An
aide-de-camp of the Minister of War has arrived with des-
patches authorising negotiations for the release of the French
prisoners who arc still at the Heirs of Abd-el-Kader, in Mo.
recto. These are all that remain of more than 300 prisoners
who were in the hands of Alxl-el-Kader a year ago."
FATAL ACCIDENT.—A few days ago, as two chil-
dren, one nine years old and the other three, were playing
in a village near Strasbourg, a forest-keeper, related to the
younveo of wood,
st, came up and wishing to kiss him, laid his carbine
on o p, and sitting down, took the child en his
knees. The other child, the son of a schoolmaster at Stras-
bourg, took up the carbine unseen by the forest-keeper, and
in playing with it, whilst it was pointed towards the man
and child, pulled the trigger. The child received the whole
of the contents, and was killed in the arms of the man.
ArrEstrrED MURDER.—On Thursday night, about
eight o'clock, while Mme. Brunet, of Petit i'illiers (Loiret)
was making up her provisions of grapes for the next morn-
ing's market, she was fired at and wounded severely by shot
and slugs in the body, by a man whom she recognised to be
a servant she had lately discharged. On hearing the report
and her screams, the neighbours came and carried her to her
bed. Two hours afterwards, while she was surrounded
by her friends, anxious about her fate, another'
shot was tired through the chamber window, but
fortunately struck no one. The police were in-
formed, and the officers were in search of the eases-
sin, when they too were fired at in the dark, but were not
either of them hit. He could not be discoveted that night,
but the next morning his boots, which he had taken off to
prevent his being heard on approaching the house, were
found near it, and with them his gun, one barrel of which
had been discharged, while the other remained loaded, but
the capsule had exploded, and the gun missed fire. At a
later hour M. Brunet, the husband of the wounded woman,
met the man face to face on the bridge. The fellow was
astounded, and exclaimed, " Why, I thought I had killed
you !" The officers came up, and the assassin was secured.
He, on finding himself in safe custody, said to M. Brunet,
" This is luck for you, for I should have killed you this
evening." Madame Brunet, who is about twentv-seven years
of age, and had been married only a very short time, lies
in a dangerous state. The assassin avows his intention was
to kill M. and Madame Brunet, but persists in declaring
that he had no thought of injuring the officers, and that
when he fired at them his gun was loaded with powder only.
ITALY.—The Roman government has just sent the
following circular to the several authorities of the Pontifical
States : " The manifestations of satisfaction which have
been hitherto made in the several Pontifical States, in cele-
bration of the seta of the new Pope Pius IX., our most cle-
ment sovereign, have made known how great is the general ;
joy at his happy accession. The joy of the people is the
happiness of the sovereign and his government, and the
august Pontiff has been greatly moved by it. However, his
mind always inclined to Prefer the well-being of his subjects
to his own glory, feels a degree of pain mingled with his joy,
when be finds that these festivals are the produce of volun-
tary contributions, and is unwilling that on his account his
people should be burthened with expenses. The Holy Father,
moreover, sees with grief that the masses of the population,
by abandoning themselves to this enthusiasm, neglect their
ordinary occupations from which they acquire the means of
subsistence, and his paternal heart is doubly afflicted by this
' loss and detriment to a portion of his subjects. From these
motives, his Holiness wishes that there should be an end to
these expensive demonstrations, and that every one should
return to the management of his private affairs and receive
peaceably the measures of the government for the general
good. You will hasten to make publicly known these senti-
ments of the Holy Father, and particularly on occasions
which may give rise to applications to the municipal or other
authorities for permission to celebrate new festivals, which
may bring from town totown fresh assemblages of the people.
If in any place collections have been already made for such
festivals, and it be not possible to restore to each contributor
the sum he has given, such contributions maybe usefully ap-
plied in providing subsistence for the peopled wring the winter,
through the means of some work of public utility. From
this his Holiness will experience a double consolation, in re-
cognising, in the first place, an obedience in his subjects to
his desires, and in seeing, in the next place, a turning to the
relief of the indigent that which had been gathered to do
honour to his name, in a manner perhaps more brilliant,
but less worthy of and less agreeable to him, than the bless-
ings of the poor and needy.--Signed CARDINAL GIZZI."
BELGI U M.—STATE OF THE PON: LATlON.—During
the year 1845 there were in Belgium 143,018 births (of which
9,724 were illegitimate, and 6,006 still births). The number