The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-18 00:00:00

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RIOS WARS A? LONDOWIRIDOIL
Ws. pada • ; Akron; 13 aft. pail J.
T•4llDase•—,liersime min Nat /Amens, 12 =la. pot 7.

LONDON,WEDNESDAY, AUG. 18.
FROM the time of the battle of Worcester till the
accession of GEORGE IV. Scotland remained unvisited
by a monarch. Onr present gracious sovereign ap-
pears disposed to make up for the lost time of all her
ancestors of the House of Hanover.
For the long neglect on the part of royalty to which
the north was doomed it is not difficult to account.
The peculiar tastes of Catuns IL were not each as
led him to anticipate pleasure from re-visiting the
halls of Holyrood, where he had been enthroned a
King with a kirk-session as viceroy over him. The
irritation excited by the events of Darien and Glencoe
would have prepared but a scurvy reception for the
immortal deliverer from popery ; and the two first
GEORGES Wald have been received as ungraciously as
the exciseman, whom it seemed their especial mission
to establish in Scotland. Apropos of this constituted
authority, it may be well, with an anti-excise
le
growing up into vigorous existence in Scotland,
to
remind ministers that the first DtiNDAO who attained
to political influence—the founder of the house of
Melville and half a dozen other Pitt-made peerages
—made an anti-excise agitation his " young am-
bition's ladder." This was in the year of grace
1732—little more than a hundred rears ago. Who
knows what the descendants of the new anti-excise
member for Edinburgh may be a hundred years
hence! But apart from personal considerations, our
German kings cared little for any part of their new
dominions ; their first British descendant—the farmer
monarch—travelled almost as little as any farmer
subject; and when his sons ascended the throne
their "jaunting days were over."
VICTORIA will make amends for their neglect : ob-
viously her " heart's in the Highlands." On the pre-
sent occasion her route leads her to the region of
Scotland which boasts the most unbroken chain of
historical associations, and is most intimately asso-
ciated with the transfer of the sceptre from the Stuart
to the Brunswick line.
At the period when Scotch history first begins to
emerge from Scotch tradition, we find the monarch of
Scotland repelling, at Large, on the shores of the
Frith of Clyde, a Norwegian army, which he
lacked men and vessels to pursue as far as
the Hebrides; while we know that all the
country north of the Ochil range was subject to
the Norwegians. The " weatland counties" were the
stronghold of the infant dynasty which was in time
to extend its power over all Scotland. BRUCE, who I
rescued his country from the fate of Wake and Ire-
land, was born on the estuary of the Clyde, and the
favourite haunt of his declining years was near where
It receives the waters of the river which gives it
main The alin of the STUART family was also In
tide region. "The Lollards of Kyle" (one of the
divisions of Ayrshire) were hardy gospellers before
the days of -Ksox —or even WISEIART, the proto-
martyr of Scotch protestantism. The domains of the
House of Argyle—which was to :the Presbyterians
of Scotland what the House of Saxony was
to the Lutherans of Germany—encompass the
Frith on two sides. It was in Ayrshire that " the
eriaistise the nucleus of the covenanting party, were
erganised. It was these associations that gave the
impetus to the unsuccessful risings of Pentland and
Bothwell Brig. It wee their alliance with the gen-
tlemen associated with the Marquis of ARGYLE that
led to his premature attempt for the liberation of
Scotland. It was the connexions formed in Holland
by these allies that ensured the almost bloodless
triumph of the revolution in Scotland. Nor is the
Clyde less intimately connected with the history of
Scotch commerce than of Scotch royalty and re-
ligion. The declining years of BRUCE, already
alluded to, were worthily engaged in labours for
the formation of a Scotch navy ; the registers
of then hbouring burghs show that long before the
battle of Flodden an active trade with France was
best up from the Clyde ; and it was from Glasgow
that the advantages of the Union—a union in the
swot of its contraction ominously. like ROB ROY the
's abduction of the heiress of Edinbelly,
younger
ultimately of happier issue—were first proved
by the sagacious merchants of Glasgow who experi-
mentally Munched their barks for the English colo-
lies Leal, not forgetting that DUOALD nrawaar
was an Ayrshire man, an that ADAM SIITTH lee-
tared in Glasgow, there is the crowning glory of
the shores of Clyde that they are—the land of BURNS.
It would be impossible for the Queen of Scomaiin
to visit a region more intensely Scotch—more rich in
the best Scotch associations, or with scenery more
worthy of them. On ene hand is the fertile Ayr-
shire—the Yorkshire of Scotland; on the other, the
end of the wild mountain scenery plunges abruptly
into the sea, or rather the sea penetrates far into
its winding glens and chasms ' • and every. headland
and bay has its story of Norwegian inroads or
Highland feuds or Cameronian martyrdom. By
the note of preparation which jswunds from the
shores, the natives are prepariiSg to receive their
sovereign with a welcome in which as in their history
the imaginative blends with the homely, and
warm-heartednese animates all. The Scotch are
loyal, but withal whiggiah in their loyalty. They are
devoted to a right kingly monarch, but they havelittle
with such are royal in title only. It will
raea sicge as
ht worth seeing—the Clyds fleet of steamers
rangmarshalled like some royal navy, meeting aid
into the wake of their Queen's yacht, and
that within hail of the homes of Warr and HENRY
REIM.
It will positively be a relief for her Majesty and
her eaoriort to escape from this region—which is so
intensely active, and appears to have been as restless
ever since ithad historians—to the "back of the world"
—away behind the Grampians. There widely dam-
lug MON and a totally different race await them.
The fiseycrass hasbeem pent round, summooing the eons
of the Gaol to gather and show their respect for their
Boman by presenting themselves in their primi-
tive and primitive it is with a vevengeancel The
hig chiefs, in their notions of doing honour to
the Queen, remind one of the chiefs in the Wends of
the Pacific. The only difference ie, that the Polyne-
sian shows his respect for a superior in rank by un-
covering his head and shoulders, while the High-
lander is shoat to testify his by pulling off those vest-
ments with which we of the more decorous south
(and his own race since the salutary penal laws which
followed the battle of Culloden) enwrap our nether
extremities.

Tin election of the new House of Commons has
been nearly completed; and it is agreed on all hands
that it is to every sense of the word a new house.
Except after the Reform Act, there never were so
many new members in any modern parliament ; or
es many old members returning to the house under
new circumstances.

Party, in the old sense of that term, has ceased
to exist. Whig and tory no longer denote any
definite or distinctive pohtical views. There most
be some added term to describe the complexion
of a member's politico. As we have seen dur-
ing the elections various candidates designated as
"protectionist whig " or "free-trade tory," sad
so forth, we shall find many of the members
whose politics are of the composite order. This
will be the case, at least, as mach amongst
the old members as the new, for the latter
an In general men of decided opinions, and have been
Aeon by reason of such decision.
Tlattharewill be a general inclination to sapportthe
Crlgovernment there can be little doubt, and there
eirger that for a time some of the support
. .

yore egprition" to the governmont. tad to " give
free bib a fair trial," are not the politicians whose
support, if accorded, is likely to addio the vigour of
government memoree, or to conciliate the good will
of the liberal constituencies. We frankly admit
we would rather see the protectionists and high-
churchmen in open and active opposition to the
(government than as its supporters. Something more
Is apt to be conceded to supporters, though their
support may be but qualified or occasional, than to
avowed adversaries; and so retrograde. and Unsocial
is the very foundation of obstructive politics, Chat
nothing can be conceded tothese parties without injury
to the public welfare.
Down to the reform of parliament, the political con-
flict was, as was well said by But.wan in his " Eng-
land and the English," between two aristocratic par-
ties, who undoubtedly from time to time secured the
alliance of different classes of the people. But the
people themselves, except as mere followers, took no
part in the contest. The Reform Act opened the
way to the direct representation sf popular opinion
and industrial interests; but it is only since the teach-
ing of the league has informed the people how to use
their own power for their own benefit, that the full
effect of the Reform Act has been realised. The result

---
is, the new Houle of Common,. It is well that
the nature of future political straggles should be
understood. No one can have noticed the events of
the late elections or can have observed the tone and
purpose of the hitstings speeches, without becoming
aware that the Main question at issue—under whatever
form it may appear—is, shall industry bo free, or shall
it be controlled and restricted by a supreme landed
aristocracy P To resolve that question, the present
House of Commons has been chosen. It is true that
this contest has been going on for ages, during which
commerce and its consequence, civihsation, have been
constantly gaining ground on territorial power ; but
never before has the issue been so direct and palpable,
and never before had the people so large a share in
making their own battle.
There is the greater necessity that this should be
clearly understood, because it is obvious, from Lord
FITZWILLIAM'S letter to Mr. Dzoarr DENISON, that

some of the aristocratic whip do not fully compre-
hend the extent of the changes which have been
worked by the league. We hope and believe that the
letter we refer to was written under an impulse
which reflection will induce the noble writer to re-
gret ; but whether that be so or not, it is well that
he should know that "the family claim" which Lord
FrrzwiLusit possibly suppoees. himself to have upon
the West Riding of Yorkshire, is not such as is likely
hereafter to be recognised by hat great constituency.
His lordship. seems to have imagined that the
league organisation, having been directed to attain
the one object, free trade in corn, and having dis-
solved upon its attainment, was to roduce no ulterior
consequences—that the political world would goonjust
as if the league had never existed. A moment's reflec-
tion would have shown that to be impossible. That
movement was a great political and social revolution ;
and not the less a revolution because it was effected
by the most peaceful means. The people having un-
dergone several years of economical instruction,
became convinced that they suffered many evils from
the predominancy of the landed interest, grappled with
that interest, and taught it that a claw, how power-
ful soever, can never resist the will of a nation. It
was by frankly placing himself at the head of the free
I trade movement, though in the eleventh hour, that
Lord Jona, RUSSELL and his colleagues obtained pub-
lic confidence, and nothing will tend more to disturb
that confidence than sneh an ebullition of landlordism
as that exhibited by Lord FITZWILLIAM.
When the landowners take the lead in social progress
they will be cordially welcomed bythe people ; but whe-
ther they do or do not take that lead, whether they do
or do not resist that progress, it will go on. With them
if they please, but with or without them the industrial
interests will become the ruling powers of the state.
This is directly opposed to the traditional claims
made upon constituencies by landowners. For in-
stance, in Bedfordshire, Lord CHARLES RUSSELL,
the late member for the county, yid: "I
had long felt that our family bad some
claims on the political confidence of the county," and
again, " I cannot suppose that the family name has
deteriorated, or that its political principles are at •
discount." Now, had Lord CHARLES RUSSELL'S pro-
tectionist version of the family opinions been deemed
the true exponentof " its pohtical principles," instead
of the version of Lord /MIN RUSSELL, it is by no
means improbable that the " family claims" would not
have been at a very high premium. It is against in-
dulging in these supposed Amity claims the whig aristo-
cracy should be especially warned. There still lingers a
sentiment in their favour, when they are prepared
to go on with the industrious classes at the accelerated
rate recent events have rendered necessary;
when a scion of the house of Portland assumes
office of tory leader, and the head of the house of
Fitzwilliam takes service in the tory ranks, people
begin to ask " who are the whig aristocracy r
Let them lag behind the spirit and intelligence of
the age, and they will soon find their " family claims"
but slightly regarded. There is a sturdyindepen-
dence amongst the industrious classes which is every
day becoming more prominent; such, for instance, as
that mentioned by Sir lIARRY VERNEY at Bedford,
who said :

I could tell how I caught the eye of • gunsmith whom I
called on a few evenings mace; he said, " A tory gentleman
was here, and he said there were more sportsmen among
tones than among whigs, but if Ido not find work at Bed-
ford may be I shall elsewhere. It makes no difference, I
shall vote for you." And this man hardly raised his eye
from the gun barrel which he WAS polishing;. but on his
brow was written the calm resolution to do duty unin-
fluenced by fear, unmoved by the drunken yells which, at
the moment, came from a hostile public-house opposite to his
shop.

THE reduced dividend of the London and North-
Western Railway Company for the half-year just
ended, has naturally been much =yearned in private
—and as naturally, perhaps, has been made a theme
of invidious comment by certain writers who profess
to instruct the public. Those who hay, made tt their
vocation to damage and malign railway enterprise by
every means in their power ; to find in it the cause
of all pecuniary difficulties; and to nderepresent its
constituents as a tribe of sordid, oppreedye muck-
worms, whom it ahweld be the Weiner at the country
to put down, have, of warm, gladly 'matched at an
occasion to say =pleasant things, at whatever
magioe of consistency in their abuse. It is
of little consequence on what aide the blow falls,
provided there is any hope of wounding. The dis-
appointment of the proprietor may be made to serve
a double purpose ; and the pleasure of the journalist,
while exulting on his return home with a lighter
purse than usual, would be incomplete, were not the
bystanders at the same time called from all quarters to
listen to a mouthful of blunders bawled out as the
moral of the scene. It may turn out, after all, that
the triumph is premature. At all events, the account ,
given of its cause in the Times—whose crow has
been the loudest on this occasion—is certainly at
variance with plain matter of fact.
The 'object may be looked at on two sides, as
regardseitha the public who use, or the proprietors
vrh:ve laid out their money to uke this system of
lines. To many of the latter it is, no doubt, • point
of some consequence that the rate of income should be
kept up ; to none can it be a matter of indifference to
see it going down. And as far as these parties are
concerned, there may be reason to feel some di*.
pleasure; not, however, more with the board than
with themselves—as they have, up to this moment,

approved of all float has been dolie tending to produce
the result now apparent. It is quite clear that
neither to the pressure in the money market at all,
nor to the hard times mainly, is the present aspect
of the half-year's revenue accounts to be ascribed.
But for the enormous dead weight which has been
growins session after session—the enormous outlay
En parliamentary contests—the vast basis laid for ex-
tending their own traffic or keeping rivals at bay,—
the directors of the London and North Western would
have found no difficulty, in spits of the hard times, in
keeping upa 10 per cent. dividend. The gross total
receipts for the half-year ending June 30, 1847, ex-
ceed in amount those for the same period of 1848 by
6,0001. ; in the article of merchandise there Is la fit-
ague of 30,0001. But the mileage has, in the mean-
while, been increased in a greater proportion than the
gain. The capital on which a dividend has to be
made, is now spread over a wider surface, and in
many works and advances, so far unprofit-
able. Add to this, that the reduction of fares
and merchandise races, has made the expense of the
service demanded increase in a higher proportion than
the earning from this service. These s the --

effect. Of these assess, a part will be removed by
time, when the new works are finished ; no small
part of them it plainly lies in the directors' power to
retrieve; and they should, we think, now look to
this with all the energy they ponm. They have
been going too fad—not, indeed, for the public ad-
vantage, but for the interests of those who are to
supply the means of this advantage ; and it may
now be high time to attend a little more to these
objects, to set their houses in order, practise economy,
cultivate the trade on the new lines they have been
wanly busied Of late in getting leave to make ; and,
in short, address themselves stesdßy to try rather
what they can secure and improve, than What 1`.1.?,v
can further devise and spend. It this be done—and
if we have no renewed crusade against the railway
interest in parliament—there need be no fear for the
future dividends of any of the great companies, what-
ever the Times may wish its readers to believe. It
is in the proprietors power to see that the directors
do this; but if they choose to leave them carte
blanche, it is no concern of any one's else.
So much as regards the proprietors, whose welfare
—seeing what benefits their capital has bestowed on
the whole country—is highly entitled to considera-
tion. As regards the public, no single part of
the measures to which the reduced dividend may
be ascribed tends otherwise than to increase its
conveniences, and to diminish the cost of them. The
running out of lateral branches in all directions; the
intersection of new districts by lines converging to the
main trunk; the multiplication of the points, in short,
at which a railway train is ready for every traveller's
comfort; the amalgamations by which a common
system prevails over hundreds of miles—all this
may have been, in many respects, a drawback on
the immediate profits of the company. Bat
it has been an unmixed and immediate gain
to the public at large. And at the same time, while
these improvements were going on, the rate of charge
has also been considerably reduced; here, again, to
the certain advantage of the public, and, so far, at an
actual loss to the company. Now, this being the
case, such being the main cause of its yielding less
this year, is it not a monstrous piece of absurdity in
those who have lately studied to placard railway
managers as public oppressors, to fall upon the re-
duced dividend, as if it were a public calamity—that
the London and North-Western, in consequence of
having done these things—with these effects to the
community—should pay less than 10 per cent. per an-
num ? Is it not impudent beyond usual effrontery
to make it a crime to have sacrificed some of its profit
to the general convenience, while but yesterday it was
denounced as too studious of mere gain to be trusted
to go on without a hook of the Sraurr pattern in its
Leviathan nostrils?

It may be proper to inform the ingenuous reader,
that whatever be the causes that have lowered the
company's dividend, they are not, and cannot be,
those which the Times fancies it has discovered.
Those who have any knowledge of railway business
can point out, to all concerned to inquire, that neither
the difficulty of borrowing at d per cent.,
nor the reluctance to multiply calls, can,
by any possibility, have affected, in this
case, the rate of nett profit divided. This rate is
determined by the proportion which the clear gain
of working the lines opened within a given period
bears to the amountof the capital already called up, and
of the money already borrowed; and it betrays no
small ignorance of the subject to imagine that any
indication as to calls or loans not yet made is to be
found in the circumstance of the income not sufficing
in the past half year to pay the usual rate upon the
I past outlay. The difficulty assumed to be proved by
it may, if it exist, no doubt interfere with the future
despatch of works in progress; but no each difficulty
could affect the dividend in question. Future dividends
also will no doubt be affected, if the money to be spent is
not profitably laid out, as it has hithnrto been, or has
to be borrowed at extravagant terms. Bat this is a
business independent of the actual state of the
revenue account. The board could not have divided
more than the nett balance of that account, if money
for their new works could now be had for one per
cent. in Lombard-street

The conclusion, too, which we draw from the traffic
accounts, not of the London and North Western Rail-
way only, but of all the great lines, for the past half
year, is precisely the opposite of that which the 71mee
pretends to have arrived at. So far are they from
proving to any sensible or fair observer that the
prospects on which the system is founded were " delu-
sive," that they confirm, on the contrary, the sound-
ness of those views to a degree beyond even Gan-
=:Bzxpectations. That in a time of notorious
and at fares reduced to an average not ex-
ceeding 11d. to 2d. per mile, the receipts should have
been such as the half-yearly reports show, is a proof
of the healthiness of the railway system, and of the
soundness of the commercial
_principles on which it
has been raised, which no railing or bluster can gain-
say. It is quite evident that, if wisely managed by
directors, and justly treated by the state, there is no-
thing to prevent this branch of our national industry
from continuing to reward its authors in the same
degree as it benefits the nation ; that nothing, indeed,
but want of prudence and moderation in the one, and
an ill-advised meddlesomeneas in the other, can im-
pede its further growth, to a degree of usefulness and
prosperity sufficient not only to redeem the promises
of its friends, but to satisfy the expectations of all
reasonable men.

Tin adjourned inquest OR the poor man suddenly
billed by foul air in Long-acre was resumed on
Monday..
The circumstances which came out in evidence,
while they modify, in some degree, the conclusions
we expressed in a former article on the subject, show
to what length the neglect of sanitary precautions
may go, where there is no power to compel the observ-
ance of them.

The immediate cause of death in this case was not
the general insalubrity of the air from open privies
and neglected sewers, but a particular emanation,
caused by vitriol thrown down a drain, and coming
in contact with lime used to destroy foul air, and
render hones habitable, which, without this means,
would have been unfit to live in.

Thus, the accident is ultimately referable to defer-1
tive sewerage. Had there been drains and sewers to
carry off the offensive matter lime would not have
been necessary to neutralise putrefaction. Had lime
not been thrown down the vitriol would not have
come in contact with it, and no poisonous gas
would have been gendered.
It is the old story of that fatal progression from
little neglects to great mischiefs, when for want of a
nail the shoe was lost, for want of a shoe the horse
was lost, for want of a hates the man was lost.
The details of the evidence are instructiyo,

Mr. La Barrow, one of the commissions el
sewers, was in attendanie. As usual, he informed
the jury that everybody was aware of the mischief—
every one anxious to remedy it p—unluckily no one
had the power to do so who cared a fig about the
matter. The commissioners had no authority to make
a sewer. The pariah was in the same predicament.
, The owners of the property (the Mercers' Company
being the principal) would take no steps to supply
the want.
This is the usual history of self-government, with
the divided responsibilitiee, its slowness to recognise
its weakness to compel the performance of
then when recognised.
The bosses on the west side of Langley-court,
where the accident occurred, bad drain. dauluni-
with a sewer, built about 24 y:r:2o, and
down the court. The smouwethees mil is
that How was three jectoktr-dith. „nu
drains were nearly up. This swine aver
supposed to empty itself into a sewer in Hartalled.l
There was an accumulation of filth in the Hartostres•
sewer of 1 foot 8 inches in depth. This blocked sip
the Langley-court sewer, which was deeper than alki
Hart-street sewer, and fiat-bottomed into the bargain.
Let us look closely
.into this arrangement for
the comfort of the inmates of Langley-court.
Here is a sewer (built only 24 years ago, be it remein-
bored), no doubt often boasted of in reckoning up the
miles of new sewerage for the district, The deposit
sten& u feet 8 inches deep in it : putrifying metier
stagnant in it instead of passing away through it.
It is a retort for the generation of poison, indeed of a
pipe for the removal of it. The drains which lead
into it serve the aims salubrious purpose. The filth
putrifies in them instead of the sewer, after the sewer
is gorged with its noisome freight. The months of
communication are dammed up by the difiguding
contents. Each drain becomes a sewer in minia-
ture, and all refuse to act evally. and at
. _
circulation is

troy the effluvium. They are obliged thus to effect
by a disinfecting agent what the sewer, if it be
a sewer, should effect of ilia It has its utility,
however. It may not be a bank of issue, but it is a
bank of deposit for fmtid currency—a convenient
underground dunghill, into which the disinfecting
lime may be thrown. But this is not all. As the
drains of Langley-court to the sewer of Langley-
court, so the sewer of Langley-court to the sewer of
Hart-street. Filth refuses to Bow from drain to
sewer, and from sewer No. 1 to 'ewer No. 2. Is this to
be wondered at ? The Langley-court sewer is deeper
than the Hart-street sewer, which is intended to carry
off the Langley-court contributions ! The one essen-
tipj c,;:dition for the Hart-street sewer doing its
work is reversed. The of this tributary is
below the level of the outlet. To crown climaz
of mismanagement, the sewer in Langley-court is
Bat-bottomed—that is, of the best possible form for re-
taining and the worst possible form for carrying off
what passes into it.
Is not this, altogether, a pleasant and cheering
sample of the system which is at work under our feet
for carrying off the impurities of teeming London
life ?

Thus much, then, of the way in which one of the
great health agencies, sewerage, is administered in
this neighbourhood. Now for the second act.
A drysalter's man, at 36, Long-acre, flings two or
three quarts of impure vitriol down his master's drain.
This comes in contact with the lime which had
been required to destroy the stench engendered
by the sewage system sketched above. Snlphuretted
hydrogen gas is generated by the contact. It is
breathed, and death ensues immediately, as appeals
from the post-mortem examination.
Here is a neglect of a second important point in
social hygiene. A material like vitriol, pregnant
with noxious properties, is allowed to be thrown
down the drains of a densely-peopled neighbour-
hood. For such an act, under the present state of
sanitary law, there is no punishment or remedy.
It is on the same principle of blind reverence for (so-
called) self-government, that we tolerate the lucifer-
match and firework manufactories of Lambeth and
the Vauxhall-road, the glue-makers and bone-burners,
and gut-manufacturers, of Saffron-hill; the knackers'-
yards of Whitechapel ; and the slaughterhouses of
Warwick-lane. In France, all establishments of a
dangerous or noxious kind are subjected to strict legal
control. They are divided into three classes:—the
first comprises those of which the processes involve
great danger, or give rise to poisonous effluvia ; the
second includes all establishments which are attended
with inconvenience or injury to property, but not posi-
tive danger to life or health ; the third class is con-
fined to establishments which, though not neces-

airily dangerous, or highly inconvenient, yet require
the inspection of the police to prevent their occupiers
from carrying onother and more noxious processes with
the same apparatus, or to enforce on the workmen the
observance of those precautions upon which the ab-
sence of danger and inconvenience chiefly depends.
NAPOLEON, by an ordonnancc of 1810, imposed on
each of these classes the very strictest formalities,
which they must fulfil before they can be set on foot,
and the result of which is to minimise the danger,
insalubrity, and inconvenience of the respective works.
This was a subject hardly touched on m the sanitary
bill of last session. It is, however, one of paramount
importance, and no health of towns scheme is at all
complete without it. Such an act as that which caused
the Long-acre accident ought to be at once, and most
heavily, punishable. To be really effective the
penalty should fall not on the workman, but his
employer. This is the only way to ensure the
greatest possible precautions being taken. The same
principle holds to all degree of responsibility, from the
petty case of the drysalter to the widely ramified and
costly operations of the railway company.
An act of last session gives the commissioners of
sewers the power of constructing sewers, and impos-
ing the expense of them on proprietors. We are
glad to find that the commissioners of this district
intend at once to avail themselves of this recent and
most wholesome authority. That something like
efficient action follows on them is one set-off against
events so deplorable as that which has suggested the
preceding observations.

The journals andletters from Rome last received add
nothing of importance to the intelligence already re-
corded. The news of the fresh irruption of the Austrian
troops on the city of Ferrara, which we have given,
had not arrived at Rome ; where, on the contrary, it
' was announced that the Austrians had withdrawn.
As the reported events at Ferrara took place on the
6th, the intelligence could not have reached Rome.
The first intimation of these proceedings would have
reached the pontifical government by the special
courier despatched by the Legate Ciacchi. The
restraints imposed on the Roman journals by the
supervision of the censors, mild as they are, have
been surmounted by the device of placards,whkh are
printed clandestinely in thousands, and posted on
the walls. At night, tapers are attached near them
so as to enable the people to read. As the contents
of these are invariably loyal, they are, though illegal,
treated with lenity, and in a measure tolerated. In a
late proclamation the governor has confined himself
to an entreaty to the people to desist from the use of
these clandestine presses.

Letters from Ancona, of the sth, are given by thel
Augsburg Gazette, which say that after M. Coletti had
intimated that the 23,0001. half-year's interest was
ready to be paid Sir Edmund Lyons, the further sum
of 108,0001., due in 1844, was demanded, and that
our minister was prepared to involve the Athenian
Cabinet in a cloud of difficulties. No answer had yet
been received from Vienna at Athens to the last
note respecting the Greco-Turkish difference.

MADRID, Aro. 11.
It is said that a courier arrived yesterday with
despatches for the government from England, in which the
difficulties which had been hitherto opposed to the restive-
tion of toss loan of 100 slakes of reale, were stated to have
venielsed, and that bullion was already peeking up in London
to be as to Madrid. This news arrived just as the bolsa
was elealsg, and gave die fonds a small lift. The arrival of
E= metals to this above amenst will enable Senor
to keep hi ironies of Wang the new coinage
without delay, of endive to relieve tbe laseabsy adds.
Nos
ceiling empties dot see holding
out an ell saw priosidag the fps* essmillatioa of the
re cow*, It le lopsalbia to diesels the wet difficulties
which lie in the wog of this oonsowatien es devoutly to
be wished.
. . . . . .

—inuase signiente be hem givea by the quidnunc to
what has be. and ea abort 'Min to Senor Pecheoo at
La Gran* It stems VIM haw ea se elated with his
success in datismiMas tba geese to errs bents Madrid,
that before be left La Gm* (midi he did with Ms family
on Monday), he won 'lmbues ef sumalthi the visitors with a
view of the Inataim playing ell Mem. He went down to
the gardens with this obis& red requested the athablain
dor to mete the =nom pepenisma. This ellen
that he nut dee nein man Men the Innelagitg
palms. Polon isiseed that MM wee not sawassay, and
that Ms own ode indised. Soos the news Sew shoat lift
the ibuittains woe all le play, and the curious Gene
Into the penned speateele. But they were sheer=
het the inns had andermanded Senor Pairoto's order.
Me bambini did not play, and the Prealerat of the
Omit dneeted asnewhat snubbed. Nawataiss law her
mode one/ thissmis-hill to prom they the Arbon misistry
inhumed. But the behest reel/7 am= sedan assreilma
that andeldseleastener essesder, eriast the nesedatal
jurist of Spin" BUM versed In It wee
simply a limsdar a paschcrie aaartrit.rr'ri se
*hero : and
the Queen, vim; be had, in all 'ty, bored consider-
ably with hale seams hung sin, ern who wee by no
means dinned to thorn ha Meier he tirdne bar
from nongaseou, mai seed reheats, beak le the leased
dusty wart ening bar cockney Bagel of the
Prado ut the nat Aw did not fail to take •
feminine advent,fe dam hie seen to rap his lonesides ;
and punished the nhaneriel trupeer nose tie demesne
by inflicting • slight morthisedisa rkis aided royal humour.
The La Granie oontspenint etas Bao naps that Pacheco,
wham on the point of reicang dab( the has midi, recom-
mended Nervaez to the Qum as Ms raerostar. It is cer-
tain that gnat efforts were mak lately bp's, Afrancesados
to recall Names to the hada Alike. 1 home albite appear
to have failed. In fact, if the power of Nonage at Madrid
suddenly broke down, the has., haired bum him by the
popular party wadi pima hie Min extreme Jeopardy.
As soon as the hens entree at Madrid, a ministerial
oonnell will take piss la he
iCiTermdellberate upon the
settlement of the arettheeeial
Tie Ls One% eat et the Faro says ;—" The
great wade, of the &Os the ilushadon of the Corte, for
which the =tam an heresestly at work, supported
by • Istebp , whisk lone from a new parliament
the sand= et ws stens..ea to the crown,"

The Important decree width abolishes the duties levied at
the Ousel towns, or rather Mahe theme es a kw 'Melee et 1
=rm. %Veers In the Geese' etleley. The MM.
mum
Tog wine, spuitehteMtserl,.sednesestaiheizrz
bre hen Me einneenhentlayresteshd and tande,
wUI be lied
`by ether.seseee, le be adopted hotline the let
the at deprieWens

demarcation between the captainieneralahips of Arregon and
Valencia, giving more scope to the military rule of the latter,
so as to embrace the Maestrugo, a turbulent district at pre.
sent divided between the two. The new line of the pro-
vince of Valencia will follow the Ebro from its mouth to its
confluence with the Guadalupe ; thence it will coincide with
the Guadalupe to Alcanix. From this point the division fol.
lows a wavy mountain line to the south, which falls in with
the existing boundary at La Puebla de Arenoea.
The following account of Montemolinist doings on the
Catalonian border of Arragon will show how completely the
rebels defy the government in that quarter. It is taken
from an Otibtiel statement of the local alealde :
" At 6 in the enorsJng of the Bth the bands of Benches
KanisdedSen.dr. oath,
eam.oupnetingetive d";den
.omen, entered
tniered Frage. They
is
of the government,
and emptied their funds, delivering receipts iv: the amount.
They also appropriated all the tobacco and powder in ity
monopoly stores. During their stay they committed no
affront or injury to any of the inhabitants. They released
from the prisons two of the criminals, and published an
order for the delivery up of arms of every sort under severe
penalties, which however only procured them seven muskets
in the possession of the alcalde and turnkey. It seems they
knew of the existence of these, and made a particular apph-
p6
cation for them. On the arrival of the mail from Bercelons,
they teopt it and seised some packets of letters addressed to
Madrid and Zaragosa, letting the conductor pass unmolested
with the remaining correspondence. The garrison, mishit-
, ing of 25 men, remained shut up in the fort during these
operations. But the civic guard not conceiving themselves
safe in their quarters sallied out, and scrambled up to the
same fort, as they could, exciting the derision of some loose
parties of rebels, who peppered them on their way, without,
however, doing any mischief. To perform this movement
the more nimbly, they left their baggage behind, and owed,
probably, to this providential circumstance the success of the
manoeuvre. The rebels staid four hooey, and then dividing
into two bands, one took the road of Torrente, and the other
of Maralcorech."

The cabecilla known by the name of the Ebanista (car.
pettier) entered Spain from Portugal by the province of
Odense daring the lut days of July. Brigadier Marin lost
no time in setting troops upon his pursuit.
The Clamor says that O'llonnel is to be removed from the
captaincy-general of the Havannah, and to be presented
with a passport permitting him to travel in foreign countries
for the next two years. Count Mirasol, aptain•general of
Puerto Rico, is looked upon u a likely suocessor.

FRANCE.—THE SCIENCE OP SWINDLING.—M.
P—, a dramatic author and journalist, has lately gone to the
country to reside, leasing a lady in his house to re-
ceive his letters, and if necessary to reply for him. One
morning a young man, respectably dressed en a blouse end
cap, called on her, and stated that U. P— had been arrested
with several other opposition writers, bat that a friend of
his could get him out of prison on payment of 500 fr. He
wished her to furnish the rum in question, as he had not
the money himself. The lady considered the whole story as
very improbable, but still, not liking to fail, if her serried'
were really of use, she took a bank-note for 500 fr., from her
secretary, and accompanied the messenger. When she er.
rived at the residence of M. P—'s friend, she found that the
messenger had disappeared. On inquiry, she was informed
that Id. P—, far from being arrested, was quietly in the
country. Meanwhile, the pretended messenger had gone
back to the house where the lady lived, and addressing the
servant girl, said that " the sum of 5001 r. was not enough;
that I,ooofr. were required, and her mistress had sent him for
the other 500 fr." The girl, not suspecting anything, opened
the secretary, in which the k bad been left, and taking out
I a note for the sum required went with the man. They
called a hackney-coach, and after driving about nearly the
whole day, the man got out at the top of the Faubourg
Montmartre, and after a few minuets' absence came back
with a bit of paper, and said " M. P—'s friend will net see
you, but he sends you a receipt, so give me the money."
The girl, half credulous, half afraid, gave up the money, and
on her return home discovered that she had been robbed.—
Gazette des Tribunous.

(Übe Court.
The Queen Dowager, attended by Lady Gore, the
Hon. Mies Mitchell, and Earl Howe, arrived at Marlbo-
rough-hosse soon after four o'clock yesterday afternoon,
from her residence, Bushy-house, Bushy-park. In the even-
ing, her Majesty, attended by her suite, honoured the per-
formance of the Italian opera, at her Majesty's Theatre,
with her presence.
Yesterday being the birth-day of the Duchess of
Kent, the church.bells at Kensington commenced early
in the mocning ringing a merry peal, and the royal
standard was hoisted on the steeple. Her Royal Highness's
town tradesmen dined together at usual at the King's Arms
Tavern, and were bountifully supplied with venison, by her
Royal Highness's order. Mr. Slater was in the chair. The
company were entertained by Mr. Bamford and other vo- ,
calists. In the evening, the houses of her Royal Highness's
tradesmen were illuminated in honour of the occasion.

Lord Campbell met with an accident, a few days
ago, by a fall from his horse, while riding in one of the
parks. His lordship has now recovered from the effects of
hie accident.

HER MAJESTY'S VOYAGE.
Our account of the royal marine progrese left her
Majesty steaming rapidly from the Menai Straits across the
channel, on Mondaymorning, to the Isle of Man. Before, how-
ev,r, we pursue the royal squadron to the island, we may as
well indulge our readers with a portion of the contents of a
communication from one of our correspondents at Besumens,
respecting Prince Albert's visit to Bangor. When the prince
i landed, we stated that some difficulty was experienced in pro-
curing a conveyance to Penrhyn Castle—a difficulty which
was relieved by a loyal slate merchant placing his vehicle at
the disposal of the prince. It seems, oar correspondent adds,
thaton landing at Garth Point, a " Manchesterman" hadthe
bad taste to decline the accommodation of hie car for the use
of Prince Albert, on the ground that he had occasion for it
himself. On his royal highness's return from his inspection
of the Mai-bridge, the repartee of an Irish woman pro-
dated • hearty laugh. The woman's pig poked its dirty
nose in front of the prince, who did piggy the honour
ei• return poke with the toe of his boot. " Sure, your
himear," exclaimed the Emerald islander, " the very pigs
are come out to look at your highness."
The Mayor of Carnarvon, with other members of the cor-
poration, arrived at Bangor on Sunday with an address of
congratulation, which Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence took
charge of, in the absence of Earl Grey on shore. It is pre-
sumed it was because Bangor is not a town corporate that it
received this mark of royal favour.
All before stated, the royal squadron left the Welsh coast
at day-break on Monday morning. After a pleasant and
rapid voyage it was descried off Douglas, in the Isle of Man,
between 9 and 10 a.m. The inhabitants were early on the
qui viva to welcome it. The Tynwald, one of the
line steamers belonging to the Isle of Man Steam-
packet Company, with a select party on board, pro-
ceeded from the bay to meet the royal squadron,
whom intended visit was announced by the arrival of the
Bleak Eagle, at 4, a.m. "At the hour first mansd,"
writes our Douglas correspondent, " the Scourge, pia-
naersteamer, hove in aight, off the Calf of Man, standing smith
Odra island for Loch Ryan, and immediatewastio the
repel squadron was sighted standing for the
Victoria and Albert leading, followed by the Gar-
land, and Undine, and in this order the mash 1;liermll
Douglas Bay, about haltpaa 11 o'clock, a.m., the head-
lands crowded, and the Mores of the bay lined with thew
sands of esectators, while bonfires were blazing hem the
various heights, vividly proclaiming the hearty welsems of
the sons o Mona.
Her Majesty, attended by Prince Albert, simmial th•
platform of the royal yacht, when within a few saes of the
island, and appeared much interested with the eteaser She
was simply attired. The Prince had on a shootiag dress,
and we noticed the Prince of Wales running sheet Ice that
" shipshape" costume, a Guernsey frock and owns Yeses
The royal squadron remained in the bq and a trent'
of an hoer, during which we flatbed bar Nelesty heal
=si in sketching the besatiM peseresot the hey Iwo
We have rarely looked apes a mere of sera see
win loveliness bay at that seemat priended.
The reception did esty was ma hearty. Chose
wen heard in mad guns we
fared hen the
slissaors in the bay, and fon isrlseses sod Castle Mesa
The " fort " wee Amt, the pas sod annatiot
bobs been removed some pus cep to Owen Casa; is
ad, time is not a piece of oedema la the Wand, either hr
its from an aggressor, or to boon the native's joy. mi.
we think, is an overnight which ought to be imolai*
Taltedied.
Owing to some nriseadevitonding on the part of thesis-
shies, or a west of oensurease with the vibe of the
folabirents, me sibs, woe presented to Isse
*omit she waited the sons time, evidently Ow the ram
of afesdlog then as opportunity. This her bees rasa ne•
grc Mod, asitmaybesemoMesd into a want of that be mope
which her bisperry se jelly 1111111.•011. This, we are mosteds
is not the case ; bat litho meek of unhappy differeeses hr
twin the authorities awl the people.
After remaining beet a porter of an hose mess of lb
royal
of soy visitors ha boss boss re•
at on Fesesadear the aria
already described, sag men coast of ties Wok
through Lamy Bay lisreggibeld Heed, the liiighb_le
which were crowded the pessestry, lit up with Mantes
and the summit crowned with bp, and threes
Ramsey Bay, which was eallmeted by a number ef".
and pleasure boats crowded with spectators, and onwards
the extreme northern part of the island, whisk
rounded, the insular steamers hove to and, having Pess
the Queen three hearty cheers, which were duly schwa.
lodged, returned, leaving the royal squadron to prams IS
mums to Scotland.
The weather during the day was most delightful, sod .11
royal party mooed to enjoy the changing and wild IMMO
pre en by this fair isle.
Her Migesty was not expected in the Clyde, tor boldl
Mende forma no, until lib Xcedsy ni!ht, of adi per'
istragmorning. The prepasadme for her rumba vois
on vigorously at all the leading points es
estuary of the river. From Wmecpse Heyorhere it
contract Rs width, to the hens the al
debarkation, at the foot of
have been erected for the osavesimes:llo Petabi,
who are anxious to witness the papas of the owe I
and the landing of her Melo* hargeit the Intses•
It appears evident that one dile very beat plow he ebb
ing a good view of the royal pat, with Ito pedeeo Soli%
to Oreanoek • acd the bps of that towalsor
_set leo!