The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-12 00:00:00

MANCHESTER, SqAmber U.

BToon•Entniehon.—Thera wee no new feature in the
market. There ewe good deal ante been= than on the preceding
day, be• at no drams of prior, though no further decline wee sub.
witted to

BIRMINGHAM, September 11.

procz-lixonalsoz.—Tosrs was scarcely anything doing
le Use market; odors were stationary.

LEZDJ, September 11.

OTOIAVEZOILLireI. —We haws had rattler more business
Irsisialed is 'env today than yesterday, at a slight decline upon
knot Ma. Kew Eat Laassahires, 141. Os. 3d. ; West Riding
Wolk it Ills. ed. ; Leeds and Think, ; Think EltillidODS.
Ms.; dot. MiOloado. 161 Ma

BRISTOL, Septeweber 11.

groot-Excwroz.—The market waa very dull, seemly
any banner barn eland In ramie hours. Gnat reran Quar-
ters len ogr at et die.

YOBS. Sepemseber 11.

STOCK EXCIANO3.--Baes: Great Northern, 76; North
British Prreureeeer, sl.loe. ad.; York. Neal:mad sad Serakt (02(.E.
no.), 34 as. Id.; Tack aid Noah Midland. 22 t.

Loxiwne, Batowrox, AND Eton= COLST.—Thto menpeny
it is maid hove dispoord of their etemit.boate, which originally
cost 30,0001., for 16,0001. to the French government, *lto
Maud to rim them between llarrillee and Geneva.

COALS.—SzYr. 12.--Shipa at akaziatt, 149. Bases
Haus', 14s. Id.; Huddle's wait MAW,IM. ; Oarr's Hartley no;
Eden ; HarOry, 'bagel" K05r,149 ed.;
Welt lbs. id. ; Wilts End 169 9d. ; lad
Henan. IG. • Wsth End Liaison, Its. ; Walls End Wistaria.
109 Od.; WWI IWA hay 16.. Od.

Vie 4ErlrefSo.

OUTGOING_ MAILS.

The mails for BrBW itio;hineries and the United
States will be made up en the evening of Sept. 14.
The sails for Inge, Oporto, Lisboa, Madeira, Cab', and
Gibraltar, will be made up on Sept. 17.
Tee West India Mails, ezaludiag Bermuda, Havana,Namely Hondurae, New Orleans, end Mellon, and including
those ler Madeira, St. Jaan.d•-Nicaragua, New Granada,
• sad Peru, will be made tip on the evening of Sept. 17.
The mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lodise Wanda,
Egypt Ceylon, India, and China, tries Southampton, will
be made up oa the morals of Sept. 20.
The mails, via MereWtm, to the Mediterranean, Egypt,
Ceykin, India, Haag-Koseg, de., will be made up on the
evening of Sept. 24.
The mails for Madeira, the Brazils, and Buenos Ayres,
will be made up on the evening of Oct. 4.

RION WATER AT LONDON BEIDOR
Ts D.—Wassis. OIL Ilia Aftsona. Et h. 17ft
T.-ressr—ileisS,ll It. M. Aftenso,ll h. 40m.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
Tux registrar-general, in his remarks on the mor-
tality of the metropolis the week before last, called
it " a terrible week; but the past week has been one
more terrible mill. The deaths in London from
cholera up to list Saturday amount to the large num-
ber of eleven thousand one huodred and fifty-five ;
and our record to-day shows the increase sites then.
It would have been an honour to London, to the go-
vernment of the country, and even to the whole land,
if, by a previously well-directed system of sanitary
arrangements, this mortality could have been pre-
vented. This is not, however, *he time to give ex-
pression to unavailing regret, although the errors of
the past may be very. properly studied for the pur-
pose of guiding us in the future. Whatever may
be the deficiencies of our sanitary system in London,
they are not on the whole worse than many other
cities in the world, and dirty, careless, inhuman, as
we avowedly are, it may be as well just now to ascer-
tain the amount of suffering from cholera in London,
as compared with other places which it has attacked.
In 1831-2-3 the cholera is stated to have carried
off in London 5,273 pensons but from tne imperfect
registration of deaths at that time, and the anxiety
manifested by the List& of the victims to conceal
the reuse of death, it has been supposed that not less
than between 7.000 and 8,000 persons died. This in-
cluded a period of at least eighteen months. If we
estimate the population of London at that time a,
1,400,000, the proportion of deaths will be 1 in 180
of the population. If we estimate the deaths up to
the present at 11,000, and the population of London
as 2,200,000, the proportion of deaths that have oc-
curred in two months is as 1 in 190, or nearly equal
to the whole mortality of 1831-2-3.
We must not, however, regard London as a whole,
if we would estimate rightly the effects of the present
mortality. It will be seen by looking at the report
of cholera cases that above one-half have occurred in
the " south districts," or on the south aide of the
Thames. On referring to the population returns, it
will be found that the inhabitants of London on the
south side the Thames number little above half a
million, so that in these districts the proportion of
deaths to the population have exceeded 1 in 100.
This would leave a mortality for the rest of London
of not more than 1 in 300, but even in this case we
must separate the central and east districts, from the
north and west, in which the cases have not ben
more than 1 in 500 of the population.
When we compare the highest mortality that the
disease has reached in the worst districts of London,
we shall see that the cholera has not even there been
so severe as in mo:it of the large cities of the ciota-
nect, and many of the towns and cities of Great
Britain. In Moak' the epidemic of 1848 carried
off 1 in 19 of the population of the attackel
districts, and the same in 1830-1. In Perim
the ;element epidemic has carried off 1 in 53
of the whole population. In Exeter in 1832
lin7o of the inhabitants perished. In the recent
outbreak of cholera at Dumfries, 1 in 34 of the popu-
lation died. In some nicest instances reported in our
col u mns, it would appear t hat the mortality has been even
greater than this. It will be evi :ant from these facts
than that London has not at present suffered so
greatly as many places which cholera has previously
visited, but who is to ray where the present • pidemic
will stop, The law of its progie-s is as difficult to
deect as its intimate nature, and the statistician is
as much at a loss for facts to guide him in his pn-dic-
dors, as the physician in his p-egrosie. We might
hope from its preceding history in Leiden' E'en r,
and other places, that with the change or
weather that takes place in the latter
end of August or September, it would
begin to diminish, bat all our hopes have been
blighted at pr. sent. A lull has occurred for a diy or
two, only to be followed by a greater increase. Then
we have the sad experience of its remaining occa-
sionally in cities throughout the winter, of which the
northern parts of this country —more especially
Glasgow—were a melancholy instance in the latter
part of 1848 and the beginning of 1849. The hope
therefore, that the weather may influence the epi-
demic is fallacious, and should not be listened to as
an excuse for sanitary inactivity. The appointment
of extra medical officers in parishes, the carrying out
the system of house to house visitation in dis-
tricts where cholera is prevailing, the removal
of accumulated nuisances, the whitewashing and
cleaning of houses, the removal of the sick
to houses of refuge and hospitals, have already, we
believe, been the means of saving thousands of lives
in this metropolis, and It is only by the continued use
of such agencies that we can expect to diminish the
mortality from the dimes,.
In the history of this epidemic there are no frets
better m irked in its progress than that the towns and
cities, which have hien in the worst sanitary condi-
tion, and those in which the disease has been met
with the least sanitary activity, there we find it has
presented the most alarming mortality.
We are sorry to observe so much difference of
opinion amongst public bodies, who have the
poser to act for the public health. This is
a time of all others when every practical mild
humane suggestion for the protection of human life
should be adopt, d without regard to whence the sue-
geation comet or the expense. of carrying it out. We
fear that in the oppou ion of the boards of guardians
and ether public bodies to the orders of the Board of
Health, there is more of unwise parsimony than jea-
lousy of being interfered with. However inefficient
the preset Board of Health may be for the great
emergencies of our position, there can be no doubt
teat its officers have collected together a vast amount
of information with regard to the history and manage-
ment of cholera, which it is farcical to suppose can
be possessed by the various local beard, whom they
have addressed ; and every suggestion from such a
source should be received with she respect to which
it is entitled, and acted ou unless very suffi-
cient reasons be offered for the contrary. We
have just published the report of the Board of
Health, in which they speak in the highest pee-
sible terms of the value of houses of refuge in
Glaegow, in which they condemn the select vestry of
Live-eve:l for not erecting such places; and yet, when
the Board of Health for the City of London very
properly and reasonably, u we think, propose
to erect such a building, and consult the Gene-
ral Board of Health, through their inspector,
Mr. GRAINGER, they throw cold water on
the whole affair, and thus disarrange the well
concerted plans of the City sanitary officer, Mr.
Simon. We have before given our reasons for be-
lieving that cholera hospitals and houses of refuge
are of great service at times like the present : the
diemienon of a cholera patient to the hospital, and
the whole inhabitants of a room or house to a house
of refuge whilst cleansing is going on, may be the
means of saving a whole neighbourhood, andsuch has
been the experience in many towns in the kingdoms
where this plan his been adopted.

Tin Master Cutler of Sheffield made a handle of
his annual dinner to unite is it a singular variety et
qu er blades, some old, some new, some rusty, some
bright as polished steel. Then was the lordly hunting
blade, pod for nothing save slaying the deer or mbar
gams. There was the stoat agricaltural hook. Them
was the office blade, that loves to be fixed in its haft,
and the keen pen blade, that could convert a quill into
a writing lancet, or cut a hair, if necessary,
with a razor edge. These blades, in short.,
were politicians of every temper and of every kind.
And at first sight one could not but be reminded of
those wonderful specimens of the cutlery trade, which
certain itinerant venders used to hold up for sale to
hurried travellers, BA they started in omnibus or mail

coach, marvellous to look at, daemons to s
and more
profit ably. easy to purchase cheaply thin
Sheffield is a town of as feint a variety of °Diatom'
as of metals. They form, forge, and cast ideas the;
of every shape; and from the ultra-monarchist to th.
ultra-communist, you need but go to &aqui
to find specimens. But the Muter Cutler ea*
show none of these native origisalities. His pride kr
in collecting rare and foreign 'specimens, foreign
nt
least in class ; for nothing could be more foreign t,
the trade and ideas of Sheffield than the after-dome
doctrines propounded at the Cutler rte table.
First rose the Lord of Clumber, delighted to
sued in these evil and revolutionary times to
tradesman's tale. His grace had learned expiekto
from these tines, and was now better acquainted with
towns and townsfolk, their nature and propenettm.
than he used to be. Agricultural mind and prep s%
used to be his exclusive study, but he had turned fren,
them of late in disgust to civic contemplati
If the pessimist and plaintive spirit broke out ht
the allocution of the tory peer, he was followed by
whig brother of optimist creed, and of more chterf
temperament. Lord Fazwitmeas asked the goes.
tion, why England remained so tranquil, when elf
other countries were in the turmoil of revolution?
And he found the cause in the blending of clarets, the
acknowledgment of industry as the source cf wealth,
and the facilities afforded to men of all
to rise or to descend. We fear, however, that
his lordship exaggerated the blending of elvers
which sometimes takes place in the mouth of Aug*
at a casual dinner, but which much resembles th
junction of the /DOW river from the mountaita, widths
mud river from the plains, each lecerr g its own site
of the current, and running on, heed ea of each when
The fact is, that in no country west of the Odle
are claws so little blended as in England; so that
the cause of our exemption from revolution must to
looked for eliewhe re. The true reason of that en.
emotion is, we opine, England having made, in et,
eighteenth century, those revolution., which other
countries have waited till the nineteet th to effect.
There is no source of wealth, save industry, said
Lord FITZWILLIAM ; and this was said in a lend of
entails, where rent and its immunities, a- .d its utter
idleness, descends and has descended from g meratice
to generation, this wealth stirring from agricultural
surplus being guarded from the law of all nattell
property, by descending to one of a family, seven,
penis d by a lamer and a privilege which enables
thehappy holder to saddle the country with all his
well-born brothers, who never condescend to in.
dustry, except it be that of the soldne
or the placeman. Lord FITZWILLIAM, in fot
pretended to draw a picture of Old England for to
edification of the cutlers, but it was more a pie.
ture of Utopia or El Dorado that the noble peer
drew. Let us, however, do Lord FITZWILLIAX the
justice t s sty, that none have done more to realise the
picture that he drew of harmony and equality
tween classes than he.

After the liberal peer, the man in office presented
himself to the assimhly with nothing bet
ter to say than that there was nothing
like leather. He was the secretary of mi.
litary shipping, and in order that he might remain
secretary, he begged of the cutlers of Sheffield to
uphold the navy. Why Sheffield, to its other MM.
factures, should have added the peculiar one of
Secretaries of the Admiralty, we are comp'etely at a
loss to discover. It is as maritime, we believe, as
Bohemia. It of course selects members who know
and who care for its special interests; and yet
when in parliament they are found to take a muck
greater interest in dock-yards than in hardware.
This, we fear, is owing to Sheffield not being practi-
cal in its tastes, to its running after theolies and
idealities, and to its dodging between Whig, tory, end
radical, with an it definiteness of purpose which
would do honour to a borough of German professors,
but which in a community of cunninz artificers is
unaccountable. A happier exemplification of the
absurd and preposterous ends, to which the electorsl
power of Sheffield is applied, could not be given this
in the piteous supplication of the Secretory of the
Navy, that he and the country should be al.
lowed to keep the men-of-war at a fall
c mplement. Of what interest, under heaven,
was this to Sheffield? What was Hecuba to the
Master Cutler? Or what was the Gorgon, and the
Rhteamanthue, and the Bull-dog, and the Spitfire,
and all the steam-frigate progeny, beloved of Mr.
PARKER, to the weary knife-grinders of Sheffield?
Why, at the very time thet the old Cinque Porte
have emancipated themselves, should • great mans
factoring town, like Sheffield, descend to the rank
and bearing of a Cinque Port ?
Mr. ROEBUCK was evidently out of his latitude.
His brother guests were men above business, and Mr.
ROEBUCK is essentially a man of business, that bad-
ness being politics. But his mouth was closed India
revile only admire, without being able to imitate,
L ,rd PTTZWILLIAM'S happy knack of talking p Aim
as the bourgeois gentilho"ne (Id grammar, wile*
knowing it. The Duke of NEWCASTLE. however,
must have been profoundly touched at the coml.
ments paid by the sitting member on his lordship's
growing experience in politic.. Mr. ROEBUCK teemed
to hint that there were hopes of the tory aristocracy,
and be instanced the Duke of NEWCASTLE. Was this
uttered in faith or in irony, in sincerity- or incre-
dulity ? But it is not the only enigma of the Cutkis
dinner, where all parties seemed ready and anxious
to bid for the sweet voices of the Sheffieldians, says
the thorough reformers.

Noawlun has been a lucky see. During the whole
of the present century the epiecopsl throne of the
diocese has been filled by a popular bish-p. Dining
many years, indeed, the venerable Dr. BATIIURST was
the only liberal spiritual peer in parliement, mid it
stands recorded of him to his honour, that he sacri-
ficed his promotion to the see of Winchester, in order
to " satisfy his conscience," by advocating the claims
of R man catholic,. Bishop STANLEY, who suc-
ceeded him, and whose death we yesterday recorded,
held opinions equally in advance of his brethren, and
equally calculated to secure him popular favour. He
has ruled the diocese for 14 years, not without ob-
taining a share of the esteem which was awarded to
his predecessor.
Bishop STANLEY probably owed his appointment
to the ace by the administration of Lord MELBOURNE,
as much to the claims of his family as to his owl
position. The brother of the present Lord STANLEY,
of Alderley, and the uncle of the now Lord EDDIS-
BURT, could command a mire, which one lees imme-
diately *emaciated with whig nobility might have
longed for in vain, however prominent his talents
But Dr. STANLEY, when elevated to the see, was far
from exhibiting incapacity for the performance of its
' duties. He was energetic, bold, and in many Eh• a
.pests useful. By his clergy he has been much be-
loved; general society hes regarded him with
favour; in both him ecclesiastical and political sphere
he was consistent, and advancingiy liberal. The
worst that could ever be said of him by political
opponents was that he wanted judgment. They
attacked him violently a few years ago for subscribing
to a volume of sermon, published by a Unitarian
minis. er in his diocese, for addreaiog a body of
chartists in Norwich Cathedral, and for a sermon
preached before many of the bishops in St. Paul's, in
which he was said to have dealt freely with some of
the received doctrines of the established church. The
truth, however, is, not so much that Dr. SrANLET
lacked discretion, as that his opinions were in why
respects in advance of the principles of those with
whom he ranked. Whilst another whig bishop, Rt.
DENISON, of Salisbury, has been retrograding rapidly
towards toryism and Puseyism, Dr. STANLEY ad•
vanced in many respects from mere whiggery cowls f
sound radicalism, and denounced throughout his
diocese the practices of the Puseyites, whicishar ,
neither, taken root nor found favour in any district
over which he had control.
The church is not so blest with liberal bishops
not in many respects to feel that the death of Dr.
Br is a lams. Who is to supply his place? Dr.
4 TAHLEY was not, as it chanced, a bad auccesaor to
,flishop BATHURST, who exercised the episcopal
saathority for more than thirty years. But can the
suceession be maintained? Lord JOHN RUSSELL, all
most say, has not hitherto been extremely happy 01
him selections for the episcopal bench. His first y
ro
motion was that of a whig peer (the prevent lord
, AUCKLAND) to the see of Man. His second
~ appointment, that of Dr. LEE to the bishopric of
, Manchester, was not unattended with disag.rfe-.
r able circumstances, however honourably the right
reverend prelate may_have ultimately issued fig
the difficulty. Dr. HAMPDEN'S promotionlrd, ill
l the same way, to a succession of most irritating re'