The Express.
London, England, 1849-01-24 00:00:00

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BIOS TUTOR AT LONDON Vilna&
Tom Dm —lemurs. II era par I; Allem Ira pre t.
To 111••••111-11Mrskag,II .M. —I; Aroma le. rim pre I.

LONDON, arIi'DNESDAY, J.N. 24.
Is I. generally 'mimed as something beyond con-
tradictioa that the growth of our Indian emphe has
been spontaneous ; that coming there as merckeate,
and as the mercantile rivals of other powers, we have,
without any deep-laid plan or rooted ambition ex-
tended our empire from region to region and fres
the humbling one prince to the dethronement of so-
other, until the vast continent, from Ceylon to the
Himalaya, and from the Indus to the Irrawaddi, his
fallen, against our purposes or wishes, into oar
power.
Ancient Rome might have made just the same ex-
ernes. It was not the policy of the senate, nor the
foreseeing and occult policy of any family or knot of
statesmen at home, that impelled the Roman eagles
first from ace to province, and than over sea
from kingdom to kingdom. The designs, the quar-
rels, the ambition which led to Roman conquests, arose
from the restlessness, the greed, the pique, and the
policy of the powerful individuals who were the great
officials of Rome, who commanded her armies, admi-
nistered her province", and who made the glory of
their country the mere stalking-horse for the aims of
themselves and of their elan.
The pengcers of the Romans very area 111111111411111
our own. The first coonexion was a treaty of amhy,
which infallibly exposed the rein, esgaisling it
to the hostility of those neighbegilag geentrises
envious or fearful of the growth of the awl, ma%
and mysterious power. The aid of the great power
was required as a support against their beatility ; sad
the amity treaty straight grew into a eaboidiary one.
The next symptom was the inevitable jealousy at
the efoia4 aristocratic, or influential class of
this semi-subjugated country against their rivals,
who were gradually disposseseing them ot mili-
tary power and administrative authority. Con-
'piracies ensued, rebellion followed, the Prince
was implicated. And the next result was, probably,
a change of the Prince, if not of the family, and the
inablinent of a less experienced and capable class of
native °adds and authorities for those which bad re-
belled. Bat this was, of course, a temporary settle-
ment. The new officials con felt their sub-
ordinate condition as oppressive as their ousted
brethren had done ; both allied their grievances
and hopes in the concoction of another re-
bellion, in which if the winos joined he was a
double traitor, whilst his failing to prevent it was
roof, if not of his treason, at last of hie insajpacity—
an equally good ground for his removal. Thus did
Rome sweep a large portion of Europe and ot western
Amin of its royal and aristocratic rases, just u webers
served Hindostan.
And the result was the same in both cases, being
the substitution of the upper and fasetioaary class in
the conquered country by the patrician and adven-
turous clams from the conquering country, with the
impoverishment and disaffection of the one state, with-
out the conquering state being enriched or bettered,
save in the persons and fortunes of a few of its
rapecious sons. Such a system of course progressed.
Thew was no end to conquest, as long se there were
thrones and countries to overthrow and to plunder.
Nor did it require say great gift of foresight to de-
clare it inevitable, that England would as surely ad-
vanes to the Indus, as Rome did to the Euphrates.
If an Wien empire was destined to stop, and to
find its god Terminus, one would have said, it
wee some twelve or fifteen years ago when
our Bombay territory was bounded on the west by a
barren and extensive desert, utterly untravesubis
the hordes of tio'nde err Beloochistan. whew the
desert esassd, the country was mountains std poor
up to the very Himalaya, with lido on atm Me
to tempt comma or beget quarrel. Beg* the
seisamileasch of the great rivers warlike tribe imed
pue-
sesdeuottheesuntry,snd had become inoculated with
discipline and policy. The chief, or chiefs,
1:11 =be had all to line and nothing to gain by a
quarrel with us, and there is no doubt that skilful
management and frank policy might have kept the
Sikhs for ages our Muds and allies.
Anglo-Indian, and of all
But the restless spirit of
meek se Anglo-Indian aggression, if stopped by ever so
lofty a barrier, will mine and plot, and take ern,
shwa to obtain its ends. It first enlisted seienoe in

indignation against the barbarous tyranny of the
Prima and People. Whilst mince lad the interest
of the palate from the Indus to the Caspian,
and whilst commercial' speculation, though still
Askew, followed its steps, there arose this
ItAndof the UNMAN! salad.
the re.
illirdria rendered possible by the inattention of the
&maks malls tzffj=ss.and remote affairs, was
the expealis• to It is plain that tram
that moneent peace di Babb, as with the Baths,
was doebtful, it not impassible. Oar ambition had
not mevelJ reached their aides sad their rivers, but
overisapsd them We beams an object of dread.
The imaquest of Sande made the Bache tremble for
themselves. They would have bees fools not to have
entertained these fears, sad net to ham taken those
military doss which have ended, nevertbelese,
in their dsetraetioa and oar embarramment.
It has now become an argent question to amide?
what is to be dons with the Parjaab. Bat there
is a araliminary still move urgent, and that is, how
we are to stop the onward wares of Indian aggression,
even after our officials have been gratified with the
anaszMion of the Pasjaula No doubt that annexation
would satisfy their desires for a long time. The pre-
sent race of generals would have been satiated with
prise money. The rising and able civilian and mili-
tary functionaries in India would all get phioes
of trust and profit in the land of the Sikhs. The
Company. as individuals, would enjoy an immense
inseams of patronage, however the public body and
interest, which they represent and maaage, would be
burdened by debt. Bat the appetite thus satisfied
soon re-awasns. The annexation of the Punjaub
makes Peshawar oars, and mixes us up once more not
merely with Afghan but with Persian polities.
Where is our guarantee that, the Panjanb swallowed,
it is to be the " be-all and the end-all " of Indian
mitriti mast confess that, with India governed and
exploilf as it is, we see no guarantee ag inst another
Cabal expedition—against a Persian, or a Rued= war.
Now, before we extent to annex one single acre be-
yond the SAO, the pacific and unambitious British
public require to receive some guarantee against
being dragged further into the polities and ever Toy-
ing fortunes of Central Asia. We have played the
parts of TAXERLANI and Oluionis Knsx long
enough. We have conquered India, as we conquered
Ireland, with mach the same results. To rule the
great empire which we possess with something like
justice and humanity, is a teak mare imperative then
to extend it. And until we can do the one, we have
no right, and no justification for the other.

Tin farmers of Cambridgeshire have met to pr-
test against the malt tax, and have agreed to appoint
a committee to draw up resolutions in favour of its
total and immediate rapsal, in order to submit them
to a second meeting to be held in a fortnight. The
meeting seems to have been a good ow, and app..
reedy unanimous in favour of total repeal, so that
the postponement looks very like, what it was desig-
nated by Mr. WILES, " the adjournment until to-
morrow of what might be done to-day." We hope the
committee won't play any tricks. Farmers have not
been very happy in the selection of their political
leaders, and amongst the active men present we note
the names of several who figured as members of the
17, New Bond-street, Society. In the present instance
some had come prepared with a petition, cut and
dried, complaining of "the distressed state of
agriculture arising from the enormous amount of
foreign corn brought into thisoonntry," repudiating "all
connexion with the free-traders for financial reform,"
and praying that a duty on foreign corn should be
imposed to make up the deficiency in the revenue oo-
casioned by the repeal of the malt tax. This was the
old dodge so often and so successfully practised upon
the farmers by their political leaders. They urge the
farmers to petition and agitate for what they require
and are justly entitled to, then induce them to couple
it with some other demand impossible to be conceded.
In a sporting phrase—quite intelligible to the Cam-
bridgeshire farmers—their agitation has been " made
safe " to fail. The meeting, however, wisely thought
that they had nothing to do with aiding the CHAN-
CELLOR OP THE EXCHEQUER to deal with the deficiency

the failure of the cotton crops a season or two ago,
from which oar mansfactarers lamed its* swim
losses. Such 0111111,100111111 farm striking adalenitioas
against embarldni in brain,
ha I sad ' the nary woultusin w•Mah winks farmer ean pro-
=spinet is to held, Ms lendliPm
will ' in good as to make
Mitafor the probable recurrence of pad harvests.
most do by means of good husbandry, and it
is nothing to say, as farmers doomilmOnly sty, that the
landowners insist on beeping their tenantry in such a
state= ef—depeadeeee that the inipoweements requi-
site
ptior4ovide pima bad seasons are rendered
well ' impossible. That the moderate and
comparatively steady range of prices, which an open
trade in grain will produce in this country, most
butes the transition, from rade to improved hus-
bandry, which has for some years been going on, can-
not be questicmed ; and if they rightly estimate their
position, their wants and their difilealties, farmers
will And themselves immense gainers from that cir-
cumstance. There are undeveloped reeouross, un-
used powers of production, in the soil, and in the
enterprise and capital of the tenantry of Great
Britain, which require nothing but an intelligent ap-
Bastion of commercial principles to the business of
Ladholding and of agriculture to be brought faith;
and which will not only enable our landed interests
to pees through the period of transition unharmed,
but contain the elements of much future prosperity.

THE report of the BaiGuToN AND SOUTH COAST
Railway &odors, which will be laid beton the half-
yearly meeting on Thursday nest, we have read with
great satisfaction. It exhibits an improvement in the
proceeds of the current business,—during a season of
anything but general prosperity, and on a scale of
charges lower, we believe, than that of any other
metropolitan line,—whichoonfirms the opinion we have
often expressed of the soundness and elasticity of rail-
way enterprise when fairly conducted. The reduction,
too, is the per agate's of working charges, effected
without trenching upon the effioiency of the
plant, in a period throughout which the per-
formance of the service has been rather better
than otherwise, proves what may be done in this
way to restore the balance of profits, when the
attention of directors is once turned from endless
strife with their neighbours, and from the pursuit of
questionable extensions, to the more legitimate objects
of cultivating receipts and regulating expenditure on
the ground they have already acquired. The results
of the last half year in both respects are instructive
and encouraging. They show, in the effects of im-
proved management, under circumstances in many
ways the reverse of favourable, what a vigorous
life still exists in this basin's, after all the
injuries it has sustained from the imprudence
and extravagance of in promoters, and from the
various exactions laid upon it from without; and
what it may still become, if conducted from henceforth
ea those rational and cautious principles which are
indispensable to the success of any business whatever.
The whole railway interest is indebted to Mr. Limo
sad his colleagues for having presented at this criti-
cal period an example that cannot be too extensively
Mowed.
Bat this is not the chief cause of our approbation of
the Brighton report, nor has it been our indaoement
to =dee it specially. Its most important features in
oar eyes are the near prospect it holds out of that very
desirable consummation, the final closing of the capi-
tal outlay ; and the resolution expressed by the direc-
tors to proceed, when that point is once reached, on
the sound bails of defraying the whole subsequent ex-
penditure on the completed works, the coat of their pre-
servation and renewal, and the maintenance of the
moving Mock, out of the annual revenues of the company.
The practical value of this approaching close of the
capital account, and of the system which the directors
are determined to enforce, when it is closed, can
scarcely be overrated. It will at once give the pro- ,
perty a nvcable and certain value; and will, more-
over, establish its income on the only basis which is
absolutely beyond the reach of suspicion or dispute.
The proprietor will not only be exonerated from
further demands on his pocket, and see at last, after
the lapse of many years of deferred expectation, the
limits of his enterprise clearly defined; but he will
also possess the surest of all guarantees for the pru-
dent and economical management of its resources here-
after. When every item of expense, drawn from
the receipts of the half year in which it
is laid out, mast appear at once in the accounts as a
deduction from the net proceeds of the current busi-
ness, extravagant or inconsiderate outlay will no
longer be possible; and, what is perhaps of still
greater moment, an immediate practical test will be
applied to every class of disbursements, from which
there can be no escape into the region of mere hopes
or distant possibilities. Where every penny spent
will be so much taken from the current profits, no
expense will long be allowed that cannot be certainly
shown to be either necemary or profitable. Any
railway of fair natural resource, wisely con-
ducted on this system—however it may have
suffered from past excesses, will soon become what
all well wishers to railway enterprise have long
desired to see it; an investment whose prosperity,
gradually and securely increasing, leans on the firm
support of a liberal but prudent managemeat, con-
trolled by the bond fide settlement, in every year,
before any division of profits takes place, of all the
charges, of what species and on what pretext never,
incurred within that period by its managers.
This, we are persuaded, is the point towards which
the whole energies of the railway interest should now
be directed; and it is mainly on this account that we
so heartily commend the Brighton report, in which
not only is reference emphatically made to it, but
practical evidence, also, is given that the directors are
to good earnest benton putting their principles in prac-
doe. They have already begun to carry to the revenue
account, since June last, the charge for replacing slips,
for the renewal of engine stock and of permanent
way, on that part of the series of lines which is re-
garded as complete ; and observe, on this point, in
terms which have oar entire approbation, that,
"although such expenses may for a time have
been properly charged to capital, a line must be
' drawn at some reasonable period after opening a rail-
way, when everything which does not come under
{he bead of extraordinary oostingency, or fresh in-
vestment of capital for new and profitable objects
wet @signally contemplated, must be defrayed oat of
morale revenue : in other words, that, a period must
bssngzi at which the capital account is to be cos-
.
ea dosed: and they have accordingly framed
tie sensate of the past half-year on the principle
et considiaing the capital account as closed
from the commencement of the half-year, as
regards all matters not included and estimated
for in the statement of October last." This is pro-
ceeding in the right way, like men of sense and
honesty, who, having put forth a programme of the
company's affairs last year, during a season of adver
sity, are determined to see that it is realised to the
letter. Here, again, their example may be coat- I
mended to all the other companies who published
similar estimates at the saeso vet. muting, in-
deed,
eau better promote confidence in the future
prospects of their several concerns, than such an
effectual proof that the statements then issued were
not meant to serve a temporary purpose, but were
deliberately prepared, and will be punctually ad-
hered to.
The point of view from which we survey the rail-
way interest has been sufficiently described on former
occasions. We may repeat that our desire to see it
healthy and prosperous is founded quite as much on
the conviction that its prosperity will conduce to the
welfare of the nationat large, as on a sense of the benefit
which the establishment of railways has conferred on
this country, of the disproportion hitherto between
the amount of that benefit and the average rate of the
compensation in profits which the promoters have re-
mind, or of the very gnat number of all classes
whose means are now invested in this de-
'Melon of useful works. Were it our habit to
take up the cause of any special class or interest what-
ever, we might, indeed, allege plausible reasons
woogh for speaking on behalf of a party repre-
senting something like two hundred millions of the
Imedattive wealth of this kingdom, invested, too, in
operations that have enriched the kingdom to thrice
that amount already, and the ultimate benefits of
which are incalculable—especially since the owners
of this well-employed capital have been selected
by certain notorious organs of public opinion, for the
object of attacks ignorant, malicious, mischievous and
dishones', beyond the usual measure of party sea salt.
But partisanship is not our business. We main-
tain oar stand on that ground of equal justice
alone, where the welfare of the railway capitalist
coincides with the well-considered interest of the
public; and no judicious observer of the eon-

in his resources which the absence of malt duty woulil
occasion : that was his bigness; and that they should
simply " pies a strong resolution that the malt
tax most be repealed." " Send," said Mr.
WiLis, " that resolution to the county members,
urging them to use their beet endeavours to get that
tax repealed." And the meeting ended with the ap-
pointment of a committee for the purposes before
stated. Now let the farmers, who have the single-
minded object of repealing the malt-tax, keep a watch-
ful eye on the committee; let them see that there is
annexed to the demand for free trade in home grown
barley, no impossible conditions on which the govern-
meet can side off and treat the farmers' petition as a
nullity ; and that there is no undercurrent at work
which will render all their efforts nugatory.
At this moment, it mate with the farmers to repeal
the malt-tax. It will be, in all probability, repealed
see beg, even if the farmers take no effective part in
the __sat against the impost. But its immediate
serial weld be the origin smelt of a simple and ho-
neatly menemed memmemt by the brows against the
malt-tax. The gaistkakir emit fermer.for every barley
grower, and every hese seasunter among the farming
classes, to ormablar is, whether he really desires the
removal of the melt tax simply, or whether he only
desires it to be removed, if it can be done, in some
peculiar manner, or by some particular politician•,
or upon certain special conditions possible or
impossible. Now, if the former alternative be
that which the farmer selects, if he simply seek to re-
peal the malt tax for the sake of his own pecuniary
interests or the comfort of his workpeople, he has
nothing to do but to say so. Free malt can now be
had for the asking. Does he thereby place himself
under the leadership of MerConnxte or any other
free trader P Far from it. But will he wilfully re-
fuse to ask for free malt, for the " cheapest means of
feeding his cattle," for wholesome beverage for his
family and servants, because free traders, and pro
greens—ay, and conservative reformers, tender him
their aid?
Malt tax repeal has never yet been demanded in
earnest. Doubtless the farmers have long and
earnestly desired it; but do they for a moment sup-
pose that their political sponsors in parliament ever
intended they should get it ? Ask the Duke of
Bncitmonsg, ask the Duke of RICHMOND, ask any
of the members of either House of Parliament, who
belong to the " Protection Society," whether they ever
seriously thought of the repeal of the malt tax tobe a
thing within the range of possibilities? Every move-
ment hitherto made in parliament has been a dela-
mica and • sham. It has never, hitherto, suited the '
purposes of either party of the tax-spending class to
spare so large an amount of revenue.
As to the notion that any duty on foreign grain
will be imposed, it is a sheer hallucination ; the most
vehement protec'iouist in parliament would not
dream of attempting it; and, wherever farmers
me petitions for repeal of the malt tax,
etedMpg
with such additions, they may be sure that
from design or wrongheadedness they are bs-
hayed. One speaker at Cambridge, Mr. Johnson.
, " Free trade must now he tried, whatever might
be its effects, and farmers had only to require that
there should be free trade in other thiwi as well as
corn." And that is the common sense view of the
matter which we doubt not the great body of farmers
will spWily adopt. With regard to the suggestion
that the agricultural depression of the present time
has been caused by importations of foreign oorn, a
little examination of facts will show its fallacy. The
source of the farmers' difficulties at this moment ie
the wet season we have just endured. Of the last
twelve months, ten of them, so far as regards
the district south of Trent, have been extremely
wet; in fact, since 1816 we have had no season in
whisk the grain crops, especially wheat, have been so
dellsedve in point of quality and so deficient in quan-
dty as the past year. Nothing ex -ept that sort
ef close monopoly which existed In 1816—when no
when* could be imported till the average price
Mad 10a. a bushel—could have forced up the price
of the Wirier wheat, of which last year's crop chiefly
omelets. And even then it is dotthtful whether the
ill-secddiened wheat would have realised much
a'rho best earn, that of last year lied im-
would have gone up enormously so as to have
a high average price, but the time is long
mod whoa the nation would permit or any sane
OMAN. red venture to propose, the deliberate
creation of such an artificial scarcity, either

_ ..
to remunerate the growers of corn or to
uphold rents. Such seasons as that of last
year is one of the casualties spinet which all
=l in the business of husbandry should rpos:
a contend. It is a providential affliction, like

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 24,.1849.

weinbetwess them will fail
sq dadsable for both
Cillvested in rails
entrieebsd ban the;
dash and burdens, et
peel ysens—placed on-
lity. wilt& essentially b-
-
once tendered permanently
and set theme the reach

railwiya oa ern es
ibo
°Oita(
la -the***
belongs to it,
loorativ
ofte

that it is
• al pro-
excitement of
AMC* -4 ji4. stabi-
-. to it, and thereby at
-•titi lo its owners,
-•-” tents and

alarms by which unprincipled enemies have tried to
impair W.. credit and value daring the son-
lama of a somewhat precipitate advance. A
very few yaws of the judicious policy to which the
Brighton directors have now pledged themselves
would settle all these difficulties, and impose silence
on the most unscrupulous of such assailants, by re-
moving even the shadow of a pretence for their per-
version of railway amounts. The interest which the
Times ventured to describe u bankrupt would soon
enter upon a course of indisputable and progressive
prosperity ; which before long would invite others
to extend the field of railway enterprise, and give the
country those further communications which it wants
—and which it will never obtain if those already made
do not reward their promoters handsomely. This,
we say, is our chief motive for marking with approba-
tion the Brighton report ; which we Mall for the same
reason be glad to see followed by others from the rest
of the great railway community equally sound in
principle, satigactory as to recent results, and hopeful
as regards the future.

FRANKFORT, Jitr. 20.
The National Assembly voted yesterday the first
paragraph of the chapter of the constitution which
relates to the head of our future German government.
It is decided by this vote that the office of presideat
shall be discharged by one of the reigning princes of
Germany. This decisive vote was only carried by a
majority of 47 ; and these 47 do not express an opi-
nion predominating in the Assembly, for many voted
in favour of the first paragraph solely on the ground
that their opposition could have had only a negative
result. After rejecting a " directory" and a rota-
tion of office," there was nothing for it but to adopt
the monarchical principle recognised in this first para-
graph.
The repeated scrutinies of yesterday have revealed
the real strength of the parties into which the Assem-
bly is divided. The purely Austrian party, rein-
forced by a number of Bavarians, proposed a kind
of directory, composed of the Emperor of Austria,
the King of Prussia, and the Kings of Bavaria,
Hanover, Saxony, and Wiirtemberg, in which the
Emperor and the King of Prussia stould act alter-
nately as preeidents. This plan was supported only
by 97 votes.
The ro•ation system, proposed by Welker, which
would have vested the executive authority in the
King of Prussia for six years, and in the Emperor of
Austria for the next six, was supported only by 80
votes.

The third system, that which was favoured by the
Left, and brought forward by Simon of Breslau,
Schuler, and Wigard, and which adopted the mo-
narchioal principle, but left every German citizen
eligible as president, was supported by 129 votes.
This is the strength of the republican and quasi-
republican party.
The minority which voted against the system
adopted yesterday, was composed, with few excep-
tions, of the 129 members of the Left and the 97
Austrian and Bavarian votes. At the twelfth hour a
few members of the Left gave into the plan that has
been carried, fearing that otherwise the whole discus-
sion might end in nothing.
This is a victory for the Prussian party, or, more
properly, for the party which sees no means of safety
except in placing a Prussian Emperor at the head of
Germany. This party gains strength daily, for
Prussia had completed all its arrangements before it
unmasked its batteries. M. von Gagern is the centre
of attraction which keeps this party together ; but he
does not lead it. The system he now pursues has
been that of his whole life; for he has always be-
lieved that Germany could only be saved by the in-
strumentality of a Prussian empire. Animated by
this idea he took part in the movement begun by the
revolution of March. The Prussian party attached
itself to him, and pushed him forward in the
path he had always been seeking to enter. The
part played by Garern ie curious enough. He is a
generous-minded, honest man, and I firmly believe
would have recourse to no means which he could not
at all times openly avow. But the party he serves is
not so scrupulous; it unhesitatingly adopts any means
that can promote its end. Hence the two-fold aspect
presented by the ministerial policy. Oagern is proud
sad straightforward ; but those who act in concert with
him are reckless and cunning to the last degree. It
was lucky for the Prussians that they picked up this
men, for he serves them at once as shield and hatchet.
While Gagers', conscious of his own integrity, pursues
his object by direct means, the Prumian diplomatists
buy up all who are venal The whole press,
with the exception of the organs of the parties
opposed on principle to Prussia and to any
emperor, is condoeted by Prussian hirelings. Till of
late it was a point of principle with many German
journals to have no fixed political opinion. They
sought to establish • reputed's for fairness by ad-
mitting articles in ripport of all opinions. But since
Prussia has been driven to play its last stakes, these
" independent" journals have all become uncompro-
mising partisans of the King of Prussia. In the long
ran they may find that they have reckoned without
their host ; but, be this as it may, at present they
shrink from nothing that can serve their paymaster.
To-morrow, the question whether the title of the
new ruler of Germany is to be hereditary, will be
discussed. It is pretty clear that the King of Prussia
will not give up his hereditary crown for one that he
san only retain six or twelve years. And
yet there are many chinoss against the adoption of
the hereditary principle. All the supporters of a
directory and the whole party of the Left will vote
against it, and they will be joined by not • few who
voted in the majority of yesterday. But I will not
attempt to prophesy. With the means of intimida-
tion on one hand, and of seduction on the other, that
are brought into play, everything is possible. The
Prussian press threatens the Frankfort parliament
every day with a constitution °drove, which the
reigning sovereigns are said to have in reserve. Ido
not believe that it exists, and my scepticism is increased
by the very loudness of their threats. But this does
not prevent the timid front being terrified lest all their
past labours should go for nothing. The timid are
everywhere a majority ; and, knowing this, rumours
of a war between Prussia and France, at the expense
of Germany, are sedulously circulated. The day on
which the ministerial plan was adopted, a report was
spread in the Assembly that Louis Napoleon had been
assassinated. The nation is a novice m the tricks of
constitutional government, but our intriguers are as
skilful in them as the oldest constitutional foxes of
France or England. But for all this—or because of
all this—l do not believe that the Prussian empire,
even though it be brought ;tit^ e.isteseees, will be
eilauect with a principle of vitality.

ROME, JAx. 14.
Old Zuochi has sent from Gaeta a bundle of "orders '
of the day," to be distributed among the barracks,
calling on the military to rise against the government
and put down the ministry. This step is at once
ludicrous and lamentable : what more laughable than
a soldier lighting his pipe with an "order of the day,"
and what more deplorable than a provocation to civil
war coming from a council of cardinals? The regular
troops and the civic guard are irrevocably bound up
to act for the country against domestic or forei •n
violence, and one act of conciliatory tendency would
be worth forty such manifestoes as have come from
that Neapolitan citadel for the last two months. A
corporal's guard went over the frontier a month ego.
but since then there has not been a single deserver.
A decree has come out modifying the process of
law, with the view of facilitating the course of justice,
abolishing many technical obstacles, and the use of
Latin formulas and pleadings. This document is
drawn up by Mumarelli, who was Dean of the Rota,
a tribunal famous for learning of this kind, and who,
by his position in the courts here, ranked with a
Lord Chancellor among you.
Every town throughout the Roman states is busy
r in the preparatory work of electing members to the
Conatitutnt Assembly. The electoral lists are being
r drawn up, and local committees are active. A riot
I arose at Gornto, in consequence of some clergymen
. refusing to allow the parish register to be copied for
• the purpose, and the books had to be seized by the
authorities forcibly.
L The Sicilians have a national church here, and on
the 12th they mustered in great force, with Roman
. sympathisers, to commemorate, by a grand Te Drum,

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he IMMO/. Trove Urn passed ap the Wu, told e
marvels of hs capabilities and ccouniros, and raised
ji6minimmin