The Express.
London, England, 1849-04-19 00:00:00

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Advantages of -position on
we may fairly assure ourselves that few pitched
battles have been fought either in or out of India,
where the odds were so nearly balanced, and where
the &bleat tactics. the strongest arm and the most
brilliant valour, were so palpably certain of securing
the victory.
So long as mankind can find no more rational
method of arbitration than an appeal to bride
force, and the commission of the moat important
questions to the chances of accident, it is not likely
that Englishmen will ever fail under such arcuate
stances. We do not very often fail under circum-
gessoes much less propitious to our success, but the
day has yet to come which shall witness the depar-
ture of our superiority whenever we meet an
enemy in an open field, and upon equal terms.
From first to last, the battle under discussion is a
decisive confirmation of our remark, and a decisive
confirmation of something more than our remark. It is
the first battle of Lord GOUGH'S in which he appears to
have evinced any adequate idea of the peculiar pur-
poses of the several divisions of his army. So tar the
artillery Fonveyedaboat by Lord Govan seems to have
been mainly used for firing salutes and wasting shot.
Until now there has never been en artillery battle,
although there has always been an artillery campaign.
The parole of the 21st February was the word" So-
beton "—the title of a great victory, but of a victory
procured at what a cost 1 For six weeks previous to
the battle of Sobrson the army of the Governor-
General had lain in quartet', in expectation of that
reinforcement of artillery which the Sikhs bad failed
to intercept. It was the finest array of British guns
that bad ever been seen westward of Delhi. It had
been moved up to the camp with immense labour and
at immense coat. Bat when it got there, how was it
need? A cannonade was kept tip for two hours, and
then the regiments were :ordered to capture batter:es
which our own artillery was well able to silence of
itself. The slaughter of that aetion was a slaughter
occasioned by substituting infantry for cannon in
the dislodgement of the enemy's gone. The
same peat and serious error had been committed in
the preceding actions of that campaign, and, ag ira-
Yated by new circumstance. of negligence and reek-
'maws, it was repeated the other day at Chillian-
wallah. At Sobraon, when the fortune of the day
permitted the officers of the British army to inspect
the Sikh camp, they were mortified to observe the
decisive results of our cannonade, wherever it had
been carried on for an adequate space of time ; and
we only repeat a professional opinion when we say,
that the victory of Sobraon might have been won
with less than half the casualties which accompanied
it, ifler Lord Goucn had known how to use his ar-
eilzAt oojerat, prompted and urged by other advisers,he
has profitably altered his practice. There is very great
simplicity in the whole plan of the battle. At nine
o'clock, after a much of a few Miley, the British
army came within rarge of the enemy. The artillery
were instantly advanced to the front. The heavy
guns were placed in the centre, and on either side of
them there were three batteries of lighter pieces
besides a reserve of guns on the left wing, and with
the baggage. Drawn up in the rear of the artillery
stood the regiment,' of infantry, supported at the
intervals by the cavalry of the force.
1C" plan of the engagement wu simply to
k allow the British artillerymen to silence the enemy's
Are before the infantry brigades were tailed upon to
advance. This order of proceeding was most care-
fully observed throughout, and we see with what m-
ews. By 11 o'clock the Sikh guns were very gene-
rally disabled, and the enemy began to fall back upon
their rear. The British immediately advanced their
batteries and strengthened their flre' and at the
moment when all effectual opposition by the Slkh
-gunners was at an end, the Europeans and the Sepoys
were ordered to move forward. But the fate of the
day was virtually decided long before this movement
took place, and it was rather to accelerate the flight
than to overcome the opposition of the enemy that
the cavalry and infantry of Lord Gores were called
upon to exert themselves.
In ell respects the victory was complete. It com-
pelled the enemy to abandon his cannon, his tent, his
ammunition, and his baggage, and to commence a
disorderly retreat across the Jhelum. To that quarter
of the country the war is now transferred, and urged
by the presence of General GILBERT, and the incon-
venience of an active pursuit, it is perhaps probable
that the hazards and the cost of a mountain warfare
may be escaped. We had rather, however, eschew
all predictions of the future fortunes of a war osrried
on among tribes, aid in a country snob as prevail in
thedoab of Scinde-i-Sopir ; especially when to the
uncertainties of a Sikh insurrection, we have had
to join the appearance of a Doorannee invader, and
may, when we have pacified the Punjaub, in all pro-
lbabeity have to re-annex Peshawar.

LOIOOI47,I7IMDAY APRILI9
Iv was vain to hops that Aoshia• would not take
full advantage of the victory gained over the only in-
dependent Italian power on the field of Novara.
Towards Piedmont itself the conquerors, indeed, have
shown forbearance. But at the same time the Austrian
cabinet and generals have tvactised some dissimula-
tion with regard to central Italy. Raves understood
in Paris, we believe, that Austria would not precipi-
tate the march of her legions at least towards
Rome; that time would be giyen to the republic,
and the population, to make thew submission and ob-
tain some teems from the Pope. Austria ban, how-
ever, not waited. The warlike attitude assumed by
the Tuscans is support of the Genoese, and the
alliance between Rome and Florence, no doubt give
colour to Austrian intervention; and whilst we write
the rumour is*that the forces of It/amnia have en-
tered Florence and must be approaching Rome.
This German intervention has naturally called for a
French expedition of a similes. kind ;end much as one
may regret any such interference, it is better that
it should be undertaken by two powers than by one.
The original aim of Austria could be no other than to
restore tits absolutist regime of the Pope. France
interferes to modify this purpose, and to secure for
the Romans the guarantee of a constitutional, and,
consequently, to a certain degree, of a lay govern-

ment.
In this aim the democratic portion of the National
Assembly has singularly thwarted the French mi-
nisters. M. BARROT brought forward the vote of
funds for the intervention. It was referred to a com-
mittee, which decided in its favour. But the with-
drawal of the members of the left, leaving the cham-
ber a lees number than 600, rendered the vote
null, and has thus retarded the expedition at lesqll
four-and-twenty hours. We confess that the
of M. BARILOT was neither very liberal nor .vm
satisfsctor. But M. BARROT is prime minister, ales
it is his policy and duty so to conduct his interference,
for Roman freedom, that this may be attained in accord-
sec° with Austria rather than in opposition to it.
General Distotticuan, president of the isteimb•
tee, wan more frank. He declared that the
object was to laud troops, end to out I
Rome, if possible, before the Austrians. It Is
serious event the mutual presence of the French trl-1
color eta the Austrian doable eagle in the streets of
Rome. Not that we foresee any collision ; it is too
much the interest of both wan to avoid war. Nor
is. there any specious ground for quarrel. France
sells itself catholic as well LI Austria. And Sremote
es well u ODILLON BARROT bag raided over the
homing of a constitution. Why oeld the Romans
be denied what France and Austria enjoy ?
We ale sorry to see the Const4ution4 a journal
in the interest of the French government, join in the
wholesale and calumnious attacks upon the Roman
republic. We are no admirers of MAZZINI, or of the
extreme party. But we do not see what the Romans
could do, when the Pope fled from them, but pro-
claim a republic in imitation of France, making it as
feasible sad pacific as might be. There are very
many members of the Roman goverment and as-
suably without whose concurrence and aid the French
sin never hope to found anything like a constitutional
government in the Roman states.
Wabelieve, however, that the aims of the French
t are liberal and wise. Those aims are to
1 th 6 essay so unfortunately made by
iellesiti=—the smog to serrate the temporal Sad
power and fhnctions of the Pope, audio
establish a lay government with constitutional
guarantees. "It is very well known that the great
impediments in Count Rossfs way were not raised by
the democratic or revolutionary party in the
first instance. It was the priests and the
retrogrades who most fiercely sttaoked` his
career and exulted in his fall. With Austrian and
French troops on the hills of Roma, this party may
indeed intrigue, but can no longer employ either in-
surrectionist or usassin. And the greet advantage
of a French anny of occupation, will be to dispense
with the necessity of an armed people by renderingl
powerless an interested, a corrupt, and despotic
bierirchyr
The 'reputation of M. BAREOT'S cabinet will, indeed,
much detAnd Von the success with which it suer,l
ductithe re-ergahleation of the government of Rome.
That cabieet has as yet in. Menge policy dome little,
and it has had theLgrsiat Windom to say little.. But
something, at lesetos expected of it. It has neemm-
plished the wont of repessaton at. home with flea-
neer and geed results: perhaps it has overdone that
werk. It. has, therefore, to, establish or "redeem its
character' for liberaliseseearing to Central Italy
a conetitational govermost. Aed this every one
admits to be completely incompatible with the com-
bining the powers of lay sovereignty over the
Alms* hales bath ecedesfuthial sovereignty over all
'Whole tilhalptias.

BBRUN, Apan.l4.
To-day the ministry were defeated in the second
chamber on the first clause of their placard bill by a
majority of 14 (162 against 149) ; 33 members were
absent, of whom 19 on leave. The that aph of
the second clans, was carried by a maj ty of 5 (157
against 152). The second paragraph of the second
01ause, as altered by the committee, was carried by a
large majority. The liberal amendment moved to
the third clause was thrown out, and the clause as
amended in the committee carried. The nature of the
clauses is explained below. Osterath and some other
members of the right voted against ministers. A good
dial of sensation was caused on the Exchange by the
unroof the Austrian note of the Bth in reply to the
circular despatoh of the Persian government on the

Sad. In this new diplomatic prOdaition;"Aastria,
taking bar stand on the de Asp!? .continuance of the
German confederatiop, puts in 4 pates: spinet all
'lather decisions of the National* Acorn* at Prink-
het on German affairs, and declines any longer to
recognise the existence of that assembly a the autho-
rity of the central power. She protests equally against
any resolution on the part of the governments to
which her consent is not given ; and declares her in-
tention of sending no pleniaoyetiary to Frankfort to
treat concerning German aftirs.
The opinion that Count Aram will be removed
from the cabinet seems to rest onus sore ground.
Public opinion would not be satisfied with so slight a
purgation of a ministry, whoa whole administration
is condemned by one party, ana who will shortly be
summoned by the'Clumbers to re=ign en maw. The,
Meg is at little inclined to displace his .creature u
the people are disposed to rest content with that
single sacrifice.
An alteration bas been made in the material ar-
rangements of the aecond chamber, which 'may be, of
some political use. Hitherto the men of mederiP
politics on both sides could find no locality which
could set in symbolic evidence .the approximation of
their ideas; in plainer titims, there was no centre, the
part of the house Opposite the president's char, being
occupied by the tables of the ministers and wider-
of state: These bars now been drawn into
the middle of the floor, so ail* huh some ranges of
seats behind for the goatee el* 01 both Om The
new please were immedintely eatipied
„b Immer-
scum Weasel, and calm' ' "" .
sloortaat The activity. with which 1111 . kings. are sent
to Glow, and thirztorrt that this Salesian
fortress is tat be at a war ' breed a ear
piston that all not go nielateodde sl
Bemis.

Loco Gig= bee had the good fortune, in the
closing Was of hie command, to do something
towards telefearing his reputation at the head of the
largest army and the finest park of artillery ever
engaged ia the, defiance or the advancement of the
Britiok angles is tl a Bad. A ith leisure to arrange,
and compiled Akers to 000duct,the attack, it would
have been en inexpremible scandal if the affair of
03ojerat had been no better than the nimeacre of
ChMianwallah.
On the morning ef the 21d: of Febroory• the
British general hand himself in command of an
army of 24,000 men, composed of contingents
from every nervier bat ors—that of Madras—
that eats the salt of the Fast India Company.
In the frost rank there was the brigade of
European troops ever amoog the foremost in all our
Indian battles SUM her Majesty's 39th regiment
earned the title of Primus us India at Plessey.
After these came the hardy eery regiments of the
Bengal service, composed of men trained up not in
the midst stmespliere and the effeminate habits which
long age madmod a genuine Beapies averse to the
career of the soldier. bet recruited from the vigorous
sad Uhl,* tribes mattered over central India.
Added to those was the distinguished Warm from
the Bombay pr easy, &axiom to add to the laurels
they her. ma often won within the ohm& of the
Dacus mid after them came the new levies

7 • Z

oriemenegaintmlaFterer,nrkrutorestiahasweinffacedbeeth:
,94
ireigsla line Midik *et . isrovirilise, I BERLIN, Ars—as, -*
jAcos
sad um noologsks of e. , Nothing, of course, is talked about but the Atotiriso •;
de fratier have raised up within the limits of mote. The first impression is, that the direct i
vs of the Reiss. This gallant end imposing army prior meszo-termine stammering policy vi
ol :
"thoulliiirti"eireegthuP" andth asdaredat least fobrythAeasmt
ilitaltnote:t4irebrieutdependsulmfitiktbispooe
—.aims. The fate of modern badge has in * great declare on one side or the other. As yet, no me --
4
masers bemuse a question not of emu bat of artil- baps, knows to which she will incline. 114 '.
`ley; and in this emential arm of the service Lord myself, .be wilicheuee the olds of Austria, unless%
ion
was pro.ommentb, strong. Altogether he current of power seta towards the throne instead et
. under his orders a pari of more than 100 pieces from it, es now. At the present moment the Bream.; 1.
4sannos, wielded by a pet of men distinguished by burg ininistryere attempting to make tbe comet/ether
plifielency in the mono. as well as gallantry in. the natexistiemyt unease* wtollweakem thosia
tulealtajorifteyr, abelParinlisame
that rsin i
pursuit of their vocalic.
. Opposed to this imposing fares the Sikhs were. are bringing round the King to a better undevi '.
inimically move powerful in', troops bat mato. With Frankfort. The King, perhaps, getters i
shally weaker in gnus. The army of Stoat that he is bringing round the conservative liat seat ri
'Simon may be computed at 40.000 mean soldiers them inisters beioglaboolutely null as to st
sioi 20,000
mss, breve, fonotw, and desperate,. views, may bo left ont of the queetion) to a better us, I
bat insulate of the soipline and accoutrements derstanding with Austria. Where it will sod I ks.
lof mom, troop. Sim aline is net supposed Liao no one can possibly foresee. The Kist abs
'to have estoemicd 60 pieces of cannon, a very dreads democracy as a scalded child hot tester,
aria
small number of which were of a heavier calibre' than who looks upon the Frankfort constitution as ira
eigh ounds. The encampment of the insurgents hot volcanic, birth of radicalism, will be never '
..
was t
apt is
in
by any features of extra. to accept it till cooled down to, a juste-mi,ieu t ,
ordinary strength, and, setting the superiority of tore, deprived of its democratic virility byes, i
miniboom on ono au ivied superiority ie se- of " Vereiaborang." But as a stag, when ;"
tillery on the ether-'and a bottom crganisa. on all sides but one, shoots through the '
tion en the pert of the British against the so the King may, by the force of a
_ ...
the side of the Sikhs— which is nearly unanimous among his see
• a . . - all ..-
..

this head, be coistrained to adopt. tb; only conies sesh,l
to him without greatly endangering his throne. gam 2
the Austrian note has raised a great outcry of
nation among some, and rid'cule among others.
inconsistency of the urgent request which is lea
have been addressed to the Archduke John to ex.
tine in his poet as Vicar of the Empire, with the
total disavowal of the National Assembly, has
sneered at. But there is at least the merit is
note of speaking out, and assuming a decided
instead of adopting a mean, half-yes-haw
like that of Prussia. If the hesitation were
politic, it might admit excuse, bat it is Mt to 11
weakness, and that sort of wavering which mums;. y
• 3
great opportunity which may never return. 3
Meanwhile Btadion's policy is sometb' as es Is
marine strategy of Nelson, who bullied 4
into capitulation while his ship was aground, 8
threatens Germany with broadsides while Austrialiss
a wreck. But Germany sees what Copenhagen did,,
not,—the impotence which tee behind the brands.
The royalist league, whose object is to wpm
throughout Prussia the same sort of united pasha
of opposition against the radicals which the Tema&
bead presented in 1813 and 1814 against the Pre*
is exhibiting Unwonted activity. This asexislia
batiste, in Berlin alone, 1,000 members, and is said by
its friends to be daily making numerous prcselytee,
Their meetings, for which they have hired a mita,
building, are presided, on solemn cecasioas of Mids.
tion,- by - Count- -Lsoknes, an Esst-Pruselan,
grished by his zeal for " kingship by the grip of
God," the phrase d la mode, now a days, fmroyil •
pretensions. The oath taken by the members of T
league is as follows: " I swear to remain tree mit L
loyal to the king, and to stand fist by the comes.
Venal monarchy under the hereditary encomia of
the house of Hohenzollern : I acknowledge the ,
stitution granted on the sth of Deceieter es the VI.
mate fundamental law of the realm : I sneer le
adopt for my own the principles and tendenies hid
down in the statutes (of the league), to obey sada.
acute the same unconditionally, and in the day of
danger to rally round my king, and to fight for God,
king, and fatherland."

SCH!..ESWIG, &pin 15.

On the 13th the important intrenchMents on the
DUpptler heighth were stormed. From 4lb. to 9IL,
a.m., the Germans played upon them with their light
field-pieoes ; the Danes replied both with heavy sad
light artillery. The Danish superiority in weight d
metal exposed our troops to considerable loss. Mai
10 a.m. two columns of Bavarieas and Saxons was
formed to assault the heights. They moved rapidly sad
steadily up the steep and broken ascent, the omit
of which was crowned with breastworks and cum
Notwithstanding the incessant firing made lams
through their rank., they carried their point. 4
number of prisoners were made, and the esphud
cannon were turned against the enemy's ships in the
Bay of Alien, and their intrenchments on the Wag
The retreat of the Danes was effected in niter die
order. The Danes and their conquerors rolled in cos
oonfused mass towards the bridge of boats Aids
connects Alma with the main. To prevent Alm
being alio carried .by storm the Danes fired spa
their own troops. This occasioned the taking of
greater number of prisoners by the victors, but &dad
considerably to the loss by killed and wounded a
both sides. When we take int) account that the
combined German and Schleswig-Holstein troops did
not exceed 45,000 men, and the Dance posted in the
strong position on the Duppeler heights nombxel
40,000, the affair must be admittid to be Welly cre-
ditable to the former. General Bonin, who is further
north with 20,000 Schleswig-Holeteinrre, vides.
Toured, but in vain, two successive days to induce the
Danes to give him battle near Bolding.

ATHENS, APRIL 8.
The position of the ministry continues the same:
nothing but bickering. and pereoral disputes. A
daily dissolution or resignation is expected. Greens
has suffered a lose in the death of Mr. Clowares, presi-
dent of the Court of Caseation and member of the
senate, who died suddenly of an aneurism of the
heart.
Troops continue to be sent to continental Greece to
pat down the brigands. Notwithstanding numbers
hays been taken, and many have voluntarily gins
themselves up, we daily hear of deptvdations.
Turkish government has agreed to arrest all de.
flounced characters who attempt to enter its ter-
ritories.
The King of Bavaria has decorated Generale Kits%
Tzavellae, and P. Notaras, with the grind cross of tM
order of St. Michel. To Major D. Marromichal*
he
has presented the cross of the order of civil Merit
and to Captain Palls, the knighthood of the order d
St. Michel. These officers, in 1846, were attached ts
the service of the King, when he travelled in Gesso
as Prince Royal.
The government journal publishes the following is
the result of an official census for 1847: Pelops
nesse', 526,101 ; Continental Greece, 331,117;
Cyclades, 146,233. Total, 993,351.