The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-29 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1847.

his counsels with the contempt and mockery that he
deserves.

citadel of Reggio when it surrendered to the insur-
gents, was to be brought to trial. The King was at
Sat induced to pardon him, in consideration of his
good previous life, and the supplications of his family.
Obeyrng the councils of General Filangieri, Prince
de Fratriano, he however recalled this decision. The
troops maintained in the provinces amount to 40,000
men. The Neapolitan squadron is kept continually
ready for sea. The officers are ordered to sleep on
board. The Count d'Acquila, the king's brother,
sleeps habitually on board a steam frigate, which is
always ready to saiL
The journals and correspondence of Rome are filled
with reports of the popular demonstrations produced
by the announcement of the establishment of a council
of state. The trial of the l'rinee of Canino was ex-
pected soon to come before the tribunals. The prince
had charged M. Onerrazzi, of Leghorn, with his de-
fence.
Letters from Bologna of the 18th say that the Mar-
quis
Polenziani and M. Gennorielli, who had been
sent by the Pope to that city to present his bust to the
municipality, and the Marquis Coastabili, commander
of the civic guard at Ferrara, having desired to visit
Venice, were stopped on the frontier by the Austrian
authorities. This was justly considered a measure
intended to mark the hostility of Austria to Rome.
The Nuremberg Correspondent, under the date of
Rome, 14th, says:—
In the first days of the month of November will be held
a consistory, in which the Pope will name several cardinals.
Monsig. Fornari, Pope's Nuncio at Par ate to be replaced by
Monsig. Morichini. When the assembly of the notables takes
place, government will present the budget to them, which
has been drawn up by Count Pietro Ferretti, brother to the
Cardinal Secretary of State. Convents and monasteries are
to pay 500,000 scuds per annum to defray the expenses of
the state. The celebrated Ciceroaceltio is now travelling
through the provinces. He is everywhere received with de-
monstrations of joy, and banquets are offered him, when the
notabilities of every place eagerly attend.
Letters from Florence of the 19th, represent the
agitation in Tuscany, arising from the consequences
of the annexation of Lucca, to be extreme. NI e have
already mentioned the transfer of the districts of
I'ontremoli and Fivizzano from Tuscany to Modena,
which follows the acquisition of Lucca by the for-
mer under the treaty of Vienna. The people of these
places are in the highest state of exasperation, and
their excitement is shared by the entire population
of Tuscany. The Grand Duke is reported to have
endeavoured to effect an arrangement by giving an
indemnity to the Duke of Modena, but without suc-
cess. The population of the districts in ques-
tion threaten to resist to the death, and
in extreme necessity to emigrate en masse.
The spirit of reform meanwhile heue manifested it-
self in the duchy of Modena, where reforms in public
instruction, the civil and criminal laws, and the press,
are loudly insisted on. The Alba, of Florence, states,
from private correspondence, that warlike prepara-
tions are in progress at Modena. Breseello is in a
complete state of defence. Three cannons have been
sent to Reggio, and accommodations are preparing
for a numerous body of Austrian troops, who appear
to be shortly expected there.

Our Paris despatches of Wednesday have arrived.
The opposition journals continue to be filled with re-
ports of the reform banquets. One of these demon-
strations on the usual scale took place at Chartres on
the 24th, attended by 500 guests. M. de Lamartine
Manes from day to day manifestoes on the domestic
and foreign affairs of France, which occupy a large
space in the journals, but would have little interest
out of France.

sent by the Swiss Diet to
, . .

attempt to effect a pacific arrangement with the recu •
slat cantons, were, as has been stated, received with
formal politeness by the cantonal authorities, to whom
they addressed their remonstrances, and received for
answer that the deputies of the respective cantons at the
diet had full instructions and powers to act and vote
in all matters affecting the relations of the cantonal to
the federal government, and to these deputies the
commissioners were accordingly referred. The com-
missioners had already returned from several of the
cantons, on the 23rd, and were hourly expected from
others. This result was only what was expected.
The diet accomplished nothing by the proceeding,
except to afford further evidence of its desire to effect a
pacific adjustment of the schism which has unfor-
tunately arisen in the confederacy. Military prepa-
rations were continued. Colonels Zeigler, Roark-
hart, l)onatz, Rilliet Constant, and Gmur, were ap-
pointed by General-in-Chief Ilumoin to be chefs of
division. The funds belonging to the federal trea-
sury. being deposited in equal proportions at Berne,
Zurich, and Lucerne, the capitals of the three direct-
ing cantons, one third (that deposited at Lucerne)
will be withheld from the government, and no doubt
appropriated to the purposes of the Sonderbund.
The sum thus diverted to the purposes of the league
amounts to about forty thousand pounds.
It is reported that the league is also supplied with
funds by Austria, and that it is no stranger to the
secret-service money of France.
One of the Paris journals affirms that a collective
note has been remitted to the Vorort by the repre-
sentatives of Austria, Russia, and Prussia, disapproving
of the decrees of the diet, and that a separate note to
the same eff ct has been sent from M. Guizot. It is
added, that these ministers have orders to leave Swit-
zerland when hostilities commence. This has already
been stated as likely to take place.
The diet has ordered 60,000 men to be instantly put
on a war footing, to consist of five divisions and ten
brigades.
Under the date of Berne, the 24th, the Journal des

Dlbats gives the announcement that Gen. Dufour,
who had accepted the command-in-chief of the federal
army, had unexpectedly resigned.
The following is the report of the result of the
affair of the British minister, according to the same
authority:
Mr. Peel vainly waited during the evening of the 21st for
the reparation which he bad demanded. On the 22.nd, M.
Punch waited on him in plain clothes to offer reparation.
But as he only presented himself in the name and as the
representative of the canton of Berne, Mr. Peel refused to
receive him in that quality. Ile afterwards told him per-
sonally that he could not accept the excuses which he ex-
pected, unless they were made by the President or the Vice-
President of the Vorort, or at least by two of its members.
A little while after, a letter of apology was remitted to him
in the name of the Vorort; but Mr. l'eel declared that it was
not sufficient, though he kept it. At length M. Punch, Vice-
President of the Vorort, presented himself in official costume,
and was admitted to Mr. Peel, followed by his huisvier.
Mr. Peel received him in nnikrra, having the secretary of
the lation by his side. M. Punch told him that he de-
plored the accident of which he had to complain, and that be
begged of him to accept the excuses of the Vorort.
A correspondent of La Prase, writing from Berne
on the 23rd, save that the malle-poste of the Simplon
has been seized in the Valais, on the ground that it
belonged to a Vaudois company.
The Council of State of Friburg published on the
122nd a proclamation, addressed to the people of the
canton, in reference to the decrees of the diet.
The Gazelle de la Suisse Calholique publishes the
resolution come to by the authorities of Lucerne on
the subject of the reception to be given to the com-
missioners front the Diet, and further says, that the
citizens of the canton who may have distributed the
proclamation shall be arrested and tried on a criminal
prosecution. It was known at Berne, in the evening
of the 23rd, that at Lucerne and Friburg the federal
representatives had been received in conformity with
the programme. There is reason to believe that the
same will be done in all the cantons of the Sender-
blind, except Zug.

MADRID, OCT. 22
The supposed motive of the arrest of the bass singer
at the Circa will have been sufficient to show the importance
which this fact must assume under more than one point of
view. The progresista papers, in considering this subject,
have only looked at the matter on one side, as affecting the
liberty of the subject. Certainly that is important, the more
so as there is no reason to suppose that such situations as are
said to have caused the arrest of Senor Minn, may not
occur again, and that frequently. But clearly, there is
another side to this question vastly more important than the
fact of a linger having been handed out of his lodging
into a coach by some alguazila and sent off to Valencia.
It is this--Is Spain to be governed by a base singer
of the Circa? Is an actor taken from the public stage to
set up and to pull down ministers at pleasure ? Is he to be
allowed to charge his friend the tenor with the portfolio of
finance, and to make the soprano camaren mayor ? Are
good legs, a deep chest, and sonorous voice sufficient qualif4
cations, without more, for governing fourteen millions of
people as despotically as the Sultan or the Czar rule the Turk
and Muscovite ? If it be admitted that such power cannot
be safely delegated to such hands, then it becomes necessary
to guard against the contingency of such a mischief, the pos-
sibility of which seems to be inferable from the seven months'
sway of Serrano, and from the circumstances which are said
to have led to Minll's deportation. Ono of the most obvious
remedies is to bar access to the post which seems to invest its
occupant with such extraordinary influence in the state, that
is, to make the occupation of that post a punishable crime.
But this is clearly a mere palliative. The only true and
effective cure for such a deplorable state of things,
is to lift the parliament into its proper place in
respect of the crown ; to give the representative
institutions of the country their duo development; to
organise an electoral system that will make the cosies a
truer representation than it is at present of the opinions of
the country; to make the fate of the ministry dependent no
less upon the majority it commands in the chambers than
upon the royal will, which at present seems to deal with
cabinets without any regard to the breadth of the only legi-
timate base upon which they can stand in a country pew
sassing even the mockery of representative institutions. IVe
have had the ministries of Pacheco and Ooyena lately as a
proof of this, neither of which could have commanded 30
votes in the Cortes. The weak point of the present ministry
is that it dares not accept the challenge of the progresistas
to dissolve congress, and therefore eaneot be said fairly to
represent the state of public opinion. It is only by giving
to this same public opinion its proper influence in the
management of the state that the ruinous results of the
anarchy bred by palace intrigues, and the ineradicable die.
orders bequeathed to the country by eamardla administration,
can be guarded against. The progresistas would probably
have taken a more statesmanlike view of Mirall's case if they
did not entertain the notion that the Queen, leR to her own
impulses, would choose her advisers from their party ; and,
therefore, they are perhaps shy of examining what effects
may flow from an unlimited exercise of royal caprice. The
Queen is a child of IL She loves pleasure, and, in
all probability, does not trouble her head much about
politics. She has many excellent natural endow-
ments, and has displayed occasionally much energy. But
the firmness of which she has given proof in one or two
instances is not of that kind which resists the influences
which immediately surround her. Certain it is, that
whether from tho tenderness of her age, or from some
other cause, the Queen shows herself extremely docile in the
hands of those who immediately surround her. It follows
that thole who count upon the steadiness of inclinations of
which she may at some former period have given signs are
likely to suffer severe disappointments. At the present mo-
ment Narver% suits the humour of tke Queen very well as
minister. There is no reason to think that in the space of
week, supposing that some sudden change should lead to his
elevation, Olozaga might not stand equally high in her favour.
The changes which Nanaez is effecting in the servidumbre
of the court seemed to be based upon this knowledge. It is
visible that he is bent upon hedging the Queen with his own
creatures, in such a manner as to exclude all rivalry as
much as possible. The progresistas very naturally complain
of this ; but if they were in power it may be supposed that
they would not neglect the same precaution.
To return to Senor Mirall : It is said that this actor was
arrested at 10 o'clock on Tuesday nigkt, at his lodging, and
that he is now in confinement at Valencia. The Ileraldo
says, that, according to its information, the government had
nothing whatever to do with his street and deportation, a
statement which adds to the mystery of the affair.
It appears that the noise made about the clandestine issue
of Three per Cent. stock, and inanimation in the destination
of the same, has produced the restitution of bonds to the
amount of 40 millions of reals to the treasury of the royal I
household.

The Neapolitan government surrounds the affairs
of that country with obscurity, and stops all the legi-
timate channels for the flow of political news to and
from its territory. We are told by the semi-official
journals of the French government, which at least
enjoy the advantages of the information supplied
through the Hotel des Affaires Etrangires, that not-
withstanding all the reports of insurrection and terror
that have been propagated for some months, the king-
dom of the Two Sicilies " enjoys the greatest tran-
quillity, and the reports to the contrary which
are circulated have not the slightest foun-
dation." It is admitted that in the Cala-
brias, as often occurs there, there are forty or fifty
brigands still at large, and that this handful of ruf-
fians has been swelled by the imagination of
those who supply news to the journals of France into
an extensive insurrection, which triumphs over the
Royal troops. Such is the announcement of the
Journal des Debats oil 'Wednesday. It was so recently
as the 12th inst. that the same journal gave the gra-
tifying, though somewhat startling, intelligence, that
the King of Naples, "deeply sensible of the deplorable
catastrophes which disturbed his kingdom, and duly
appreciating the glorious movement impressed on
Italian politics by Pius IX., had resolved
thenceforward to yield to pubc opinion, and
to exercise the noblest prerogative of royalty—
clemency."
This was alleged to be given on authority
in which the organ of the Hotel des Affaires
Etraneres had " the most perfect confidence." On
the 16th, four days afterwards, the same journal gave
in its columns a proclamation in which the same
government offered a reward of 300 ducats for the
murder (such was the word) of each of a certain sub-
joined list of Neapolitan subjects, who were charged
with joining the insurrection. The proclamation,
however, did not designate them as " brigands," and,
if it did, the names subjoined would have contra-
dicted it. We hear no more now of the sympathy
of King Ferdinand with Pius IX., nor of his deep
sense of the necessity for reform, nor of his noble
exercise of clemency. It is to the credit, however, of
his subjects that not an individual has been reported
as sufficiently base to be incited to assassination by
the blood-money offered by this liberal, noble, and
clement sovereign, so admired by M. Claizot; and his
organs of the press.
Notwithatanding the favourable assurances which
the semi-official journals of Paris receive as to the
condition of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, advices
arrived from Naples, dated the 17th, report that
the King is obstinate in his resistance, in which he is
encouraged by Austria and Russia. The British fleet
was expected daily, greatly to the annoyance of the
King, who had ordered the ships of his own little
navy to return to Naples.
Letters from Naples of the 19th, published in the
Nourelliste, of Marseilles, say that innumerable clan-
destine publications are printed and circulated, in
spite of all the vigilance and rigour of the police.
The following manifesto, addressed to the army, has
just been distributed :
THE NEAPOLITAN PEOPLE TO THE A.RNT.—Soldiers,—
The sacrilegious war to which you are excited draws down
upon you the curses of every nation of Europe. Do you
think the generous citizen' who were the firm to utter the
cry of liberty at Messina and Reggio, which was imme-
diately repeated by the echoes or the mountains of Calabria,
are the enemies of the throne and the alti.,7 Ile you are made
to believe by some of those infamous chiefs who prefer the
sad favours of a government still more Infamous ihan they,
to their honour—to their country ? No ! the noble chiefs of
this holy imurrection—and with them all thee° adherents who
have received them with enthusiasm—do not desire to see
the debasement of religion; they understand it such as the
immortal Pius IX. practises and propagates it, purified from
its errors and abuses, and harmonising with the wants of our
country. Nor are the generous Sicilians and their brethren
of Calabria, enemies to royalty, but they desire to see its
rigours tempered by those institutions which can alone
afford true guarantees to the citizens from governors.
Soldiers! the constitution guarantees the rights of all, even
yours! A constitutional monarchy is the only one which
now suits a civilised nation. Let your cries respond to ours !
Long live the constitution! And you will have deserved
well of your country and of your brethren. Remember that
you were citizens before you became soldiers. Consider that
' if you persevere in the fatal path which you have been
driven into by mad chiefs, you will draw down upon your-
selves the anathemas and the contempt of every free people,
for you will have lent your aid to rivet the chains of one
part of Italy, while the other will be blooming beneath the
rays of the sun of liberty.
The General Prince d'Aci, who commanded the

The varnish of legality which Salamanca pretends to give
to the transaction will not stand the test of examination.

The arrears of the royal household, although represented
by unsatisfied treasury bills (libranzae, rather, the nature
of which I explained yesterday), are entirely similar
to the arrears of the active and passive classes, and other
claims of state creditors, and could not be converted
without violation of the law, which only admits the conver-
sion of the libranzas proceeding from contracts. Neither
could such libranzas be declared centralisable, because the
law of A 14, 1841, which created this clam of debt (the
floating debug. t) extends only to effects proceeding from con-
tracts anterior to Nov. 1, 1840. Otherwise, the arrears of
pay in general might have been converted. The proof of the
illegality is that such a conversion had never been attempted
until Senor Salamanca undertook the present one.
Another illegality of the operation is, that the law of Feb.
1 14, 1845, fixes the term of four months from that date for
the presentation of all the credits allowed to be converted;
whereas the present is sought to be converted after the lapse
of more than 21 years. We shall hear more about this
matter in the Cortes.
The elections of ayuntaraientos,aad the partial elections
for filling the vacant seats in the Cortes, are on the eve of
being held.

HOLLAND.—THE HAGUE, Ocr. 26.--SrAro
CZ:,:TRAL,—RTPLY TO THE SPEECH FROM THE THHOMII.
th4indteah,yebe'sithingttieng of
thaie r"‘delle''rt;o-flthle.e"h;dlmayybe,Cearfl"f tlinne;""lchBdtaerteadisussiemneralothne:
It is en exact counterpart of the speech from the throne, tad
need not be given here. After a lengthened discussion on
some of the paragraphs the debate was adjourned.
PRUSSIA.—MINDEN, Ocr. 17.—The Cologne
Railway between this city and Hanover, which was opened
only a few days ago, was this day the scene of a sad accident.
Two trains, one coming from Hanover and the other from
Cologne, ran against each other before it was possible for the
conductors to stop the engines, end to avert the danger of
their being dashed to pieces. One of the engines and several
of the carriages were crushed, and 32 of the passengers were
wounded,—some of them most severely ; 14 of them were
carried to the inn at Minden. Judicial proceedings have
been commenced against the condemner.

TILE ItAJAII OP SARAWAK.—The journal• of the
Rajah of Saniwak have been intrusted to Captains Rodney,
Mundy, and the lion. H. Keppel for immediate publication.
The recent expedition of the Iris to Borneo and Labum will
forma supplement to the forthcoming work.