The Express.
London, England, 1851-09-02 00:00:00

LOCAL SHARE MARKETS.

LIVERPOOL, Sept. I.—Our market opened considerably
better this morning, and we have to notice en improvement in Ms
prices of ell kinds of stocks. There ham also been • Ism amount
premiss on the market, and more &written to Invest has been
rnanlketed.—Cidederien, 10—East Lancashire, 121— Lancashire and
Yorkshire, 44 (fifth shares), 9 d.— London and North
Weetern, 113 • I—Ditto (New • shams), If f p.—Msochester,
Sbefileld, end Lincoln, 21-11111 and, 11• —Ditto (I share%
301 d.—South Ea teen and Dover, 19/—Yak end North Mid-
land,' 181.
Batsroc, Sept. I.—The amount of business done wss
not ccesiderable, but the tone of the market was slightly improved,
klidisnds advanced from ai, the claims price of Saturday, to 11i

MANCHESTER, SEPT. I.—We have had more aetivity in
shares today, buyers showing la greater Puce than for some weeks
post, and priors in some oases showing considerable elastkity. Leeds
stock, done on Saturday at 461, opened at 47e, and sold au Met as 4,1;
London and North Western. 113.; Great Nortbem, 16 3-16; East
Lancashire, 121; Midland, 411; and South Eastern, 191, 20, 19 13-16.
The chief business was confined to Leeds and South Eastern.

BIII3tINOttn3I,;EPT. 1.1-This market ;as fi;aer to-day.
London and North Westerns ware done at 113; Midlands, at it ; and
Booth &adonis, at 3 dia.

LEEDS, SEPT. I.—We had a much stronger market this
morning. but the higher prices asked prevent purchases being made.
The tremectlons entered Into ere ea under : —Midlands, 111 e; &SO
!Mani* 208 ; Leeds and &eddied, 104 cam. div.

EVERT FARMER NIS OWN ICE-1101.73E.—1ce may
be stacked—plain English ice, or snow well beaten down
into a mass, after the Roman fashion, which answers for all
economic purposes every bit as well. This is the mode of
stacking ice or snow which has been found to succeed most
thoroughly at Chatsworth. In the first place, let tho
owner of the dairy farm select, not the coolest and shadiest
spot, as he inevitably would do without better instruction,
but the openeet and sunniest, because driest, bit of ground
he can find—the sunnier the better. At Chatsworth the
first trials were made in shady places, and proved far less
satisfactory, because a dry place is required, and the
dryness which the sun occasions more than compensates
for the temperature of its beams. The platform having
been judiciously selected, dig all round it a sufficient
trench which is to contain the water that will, more
or less, inevitably drain from the completed stack ; let
the bank of the trench be lower on the outer trench,
and, if necessary, a syphon tube may be put in to
drain off any excess. The object of the trench is—
firstly, to prevent any of the drainage water from spreading
over the platform; therefore to keep the platform dry;
and secondly, to preserve this drainage water, which is
very cold, and can be used for making butter. Then lay
inches
thick. the whole platform a bed of straw, six or nine
thick. Straw is a sufficient and convenient non-conductor,
and ice wrapped in straw is tolerably well protected from
external infiuenec. Upon the straw bed make your stack,
building it with sides perfectly upright. The sides are to
he thus perpendicular, in order that whatever melts may
flow at once into the trench, and not soak into and spoil
the ice which remains otherwise unmeltecl. If the stack
happen to be long, partitions of straw should be inserted at
convenient di,tances, for the protection of one part while
another portion is in use. The stack being erected in this
manner, coat round the whole outside of it, and thatch it
with a straw defence of eighteen inches thick. If you
build the stack of snow, build in the same manner, but take
care to batten it well down. A stack of ice or snow, so
made and so defended, will remain good through the hot-
test summer, and will obviate necessity for any ice-house.
Remember that all this will be done in mid-winter, when
your labourers have comparatively nothing to do; when
your horses are eating their heads off, and your cart-tires
are rusting from idleness.—Dicketta's "Household Words.'

THE ART-JOURNAL
1t LC TI:.ITGD CATALOGIVE
tirrouOF THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF 11131.
Inttne and valuable WAnem• war ready tar delivery at
Oar price of One Okilll.l, elegantly bawd. II .o 101 of MAIM.%
and contorts engrarinre of nearly. 1.000 Works a* Art tad Art-
'Recurs:lure tur tber with a Table of Ccatente, a 11Wer7 of Use
Extubitles ldlasirated be large Exterior sad Interior Eaano, sad
by soma armed Cramer' ss tbe tenthly object* of the
Es
Daly bleisilin Ws Tame Is Webs* ;r it /sabot are.
Frr,tra. ewe lass dwelt et Ns largely
_lawman( Is sales.
The Volans v/ basupplkd by mg looksmor Is hors es washy.
ft/item I Claw num,. 13, Paserwalemeene.

consequently ill defensible lines, that at the present
moment seems more vulnerable than that to wseh 4
concurrence of unlooked for circumstances Unn4141460 '
have drawn attention.
It cannot be denied that the LadUeda of
sttas a class, have undergone setae d g e
last five years. Wo have twevor basil the 'poky*,
of their faults, which to have .oftea seemed ;sea-.
pubic of correction by any discipline less severe than
that which they have been compelled to bear. But
justice is as much due to the faulty as to the faultless ;
and consideration is certainly as much the right of
those who have suffered deeply as of those who have
never known misfortune. lire fully recognise the
claim to consideration which the owners of land in
Ireland have upon parliament. We deny that claim •
wholly when it assumes the form of injustice to the
farmer on the one hand or to the labourer on the i
other. The possessors of real property have no
equitable claim to exercise arbitrary power over
their tenantry, or to enhance the price of the
labourer's food We shall always resist, as we have
ever done, any legislative steps which tend to the re-
construction of either food monopoly or territorial serf-
hood. We know of no reason why the necessary deal-
ings between man and man regarding land should not i
be governed by the same principles, and by the same
practice, as dealings with respect to money, or ships,
or cattle. And as for laws to secure a false price for
corn, we need hardly repeat the oft-told reasons why
we regard all such interference with the natural I
fluctuations of market value as rank robbery and
wrong. But if at a time when an artificial system
subsisted, parliament interposed between the tithe-
owner and tithepayer, and, in a spirit of equitable
arbitration, impaled upon the latter terms of com-
mutation of his liability which confessedly were based
upon the artificial system alluded to, we see no
valid reason why, in rigid fulfilment of its own
intent, parliament should not now amend the literal
terms of the compromise, so as in substance to carry
out its original meaning.
By the sliding scale, one of two things was sought
to be attained: namely, an equable price for wheat,
higher than its intrinsic worth in the free market of
the world ; or such an occasional price in years of
statutable scarcity, as to compensate for the more
moderate profit of intervenin g years. Experience abun-
dandy proved that the former aimwas altogether illu-
sory. Steadiness of price was found to be wholly
unattainable by law ; but " compensating profits," as
they were termed, were doubtless made during par-
ticUlar seasons; and it was upon a septennial average
designed to include the latter that the Irish tithe
commutation and tithe rent-charge acts were
founded. By the first the variable payment was con-
verted (as it was subsequently in England) into an
average of preceding years ; by the other, the pri-
mary liability was, in consideration of a certain
abatement, transferred from the occupier to the owner
of land. This last named arrangement was considered
at the time a most beneficial one for the church.
The state of political feeling was such that the
exaction of the commuted tithe from the farming
class had become well nigh impossib'e, and the
clergy gladly accepted the proffered compromise, by
which, on the relinquishment of 25 per cent. of a pre-
carious and ill-paid income, they became possessors of
a rent-charge on the fee-simple of the whole kingdom.
The rate of the rent-charge of course continued to
be regulated by the scale of averages; and this, from
1838 to 11416, was materially affected by the
existing corn-law. While the cost of living
remained what it was in 1838, the income
of the clergy was neither more nor less
than it was intended to be by parliament in pass-
ing the act introduced in that year by Lord CAR-
LISLE, the secretary for Ireland, and which was long
after associated with the recollection of his popular
and humane administration of affairs in that country.
But when by the fiscal reforms of Sir Roamer
PLEL's government the cost of living was substan-
tially lowered, and when by the abrogation of mono-
poly the price of corn in ordinary years was in effect
made the standard price at all times, it is clear
that so much was indirectly added to the value of
' the tithe rent-charge, and that after seven years
shall have expired front the date of the
free admission of foreign wheat into these king-
' doms, the revenues of the established church will by
the operation of the system of averages participate
in the general change.
Meanwhile, however, the clergy have an advantage
it was never intended they should possess. The
• average fur 1851, for example, includes the extraor-
dinary prices of 1817 ; so will that of 1852; and so
will that of 1833. Is this just ce fair?