The Express.
London, England, 1856-04-03 00:00:00

their hands. Their uneasiness about their home
sad foreign politica is just now taking the form of
dismal= about what to do with the •Aioa
Ons party, finding that the Masi& about the
strength of the South is melting away, now that
abolitionism is successful at Washington, wants to
get rid of the poor whites, as an element of weak-
nem, and would send there as fast as possible to
Humes; while another party declares that they can-
not be spared. In cue of war, what is to be dam,
they mak, without the poor whites to fight, while the
landowners will have their Depose to keep out of
mischief ? In South Carolina the treasury is empty ;
the people, poor and riob, complain that they cannot
pay their mss--a heavy personal tax being now
added to duties on all articles of merchandise. Cotton
alone, without isanufacturen or other saleable pro-
duct', doss not sulks to maintain the population ;
and the ordinary condition of affairs is difficult enough
to manage, without any invention of a war to be sup-
ported and paid for. So say the citizens of South
Carolina thanaelves.

The reports of the debates in the legislature of
Georgia are no km striking. The members insist on
the necessity of supporting slavery in Kansas, an d
yet can Had no means of doing so. They have no
money to spend, they say; and angrily they glance
at the wealth and prosperity oldie Free States. They
cannot even send their own "poor whites," because
they are more needed to keep up slavery at home
than to set it op in Baum. A proposition to pay
the expenses of an emigration of " poor whites " was
thrown out by • good majority. A Mr. JONES de-
clares, on the one hand, that slavery must be pre-
served by its establishment in new States, or the
Union will perish. " When the one falls," he says,
"the other follows it." Mr. HAWS, on the other
hand, asks, in a tone of alarm, "Is this, then, the
time for depopulating Georgia r
While these things are passing in the South, whet
is done in the North P Why, New Hampekire, die
native State of President Plum, goes against Ms
in the elections. Finding that the South was die.
pleased with the war bluster of his Cabinet, and that
he was of the wring side in the Kamm affair, lb
remaining hope from the slaveholding party, wham
he had so strangely failed to propitiate, was thed
they would support him for the Presidency as a mum
chosen by the North who was yet their humble
servant in regard to their "peculiar institution." Bet
his own State will not have him ; and this memos to
seal his fate. If the man is out out in the North,
and namely tolerated by the South; and if his war
threats are laughed at in the North, and offienalte to
the South, at the same time that flume clangs are
taking plum at Washington which the war polio,
was intended to avert, it is pretty clear what
will be the fate of the PiEsinxem, his Cabi-
net, and his policy. There will be a new
man at the White House ; and, as it is
already clear to every man that there will be no
war, because neither nation desires it, nor any party
in either, we must hope that the ooming man, who-
ever he may be, will take • 'moon against agitating
foreign war as a refuge from domestic difficulty.
Our American brethren have heart and sympathy
enough to understand us when we say that they really
must 'home men togovern them who are above trying
our patience, and endangering the mutual friendship
of the two peoples by pretending to pick a
quarrel with us whenever they have a difficulty to
tide over at home. As the Slave power goes down,
and the Free States rise to their place in the national
councils, the chances of pesos and prosperity improve
all round. As soon as there is at the head of affairs
a new man, qualified to represent the new phase, the
dangers of war will be reduced to the lowest point.
Whether that takes. place this year or later, in the
interval there will be no war.

Ire turn has come at last. The most visitable
relic of oar medieval antiquity—the " peculiar in-
stitution" of the empire—is to be remoulded in so-
oordaaos with the spirit of the time. The Corpora-
tion of London is to be reformed, in substantial
accordance with the recommendations of the Com-
miasioners of 1863. The following are the leading
features of the Government Bill, as stated by Bir
°solos OUT in his lucid exposition of Tuesday
last : The first and principal point relates to the
oonstitution end jurisdiction of the City Corporation.
On this head it will be reissuing to our City friends
in find that the main governing body will remain es
it is. Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Councilmen will
still constitute the civic executive and the civic legisla-
ture. Bet though the names of the functionaries remain
unaltered, their nature and oonatitation is oonaiderably
changed. The number of wards is to be reduced from
26 to 16 ; earth ward is to slog one Alderman and
five Commas Coansillore—thus reducing the total

aggregate of the Council from 232, at which it
now stands, to the more manageable limit of
96. The Aldermen, as we all know, are now
elected for life; it is proposed that they *hall in
future be sleeted for six years only, one half of
them going oat of cake at the end of three years.
The present powers of the Court of Aldermen se •
deliberative body are to be transferred in their
totality to the Court of Comecon Council. The exist-
ing qualifications of Common Councilmen and of
Voters are changed : the former need no longer be
freemen of the City ; it will be sufficient if they
possess either real or personal estate to the value of
1,0001., or an anneal rating of 301.: in the cased Voters,
the conditions of residence within *even miles and free-
dom of the City are both dispensed with, and nothing
more is to be required than that they shall occupy a
101. tenement in the ward. The superior paid
officers of the City are to be elected by the Court of
Common Council. The Lord Mayor need no longer
be an alderman who has served the office of sheriff,
nor an alderman at all, nor even a member of the
Common Council. Nothing more is requisite than
that he should be eligible to be elected as a Common
Councilman. The avowed object of this provision
is to procure as chief executive officers of the first
city in the world some of those real civic magnates
who have neither time nor inclination for qualifying
themselves for the post by the routine at preset in-
sisted on, of first serving in subordinate civic capa-
cities. The accounts of the City are to be audited
twice a year, by three Auditors, to be elected an-
nually from amongst those qualified to serve se
Common Councilmen, and are to be regularly trans-
mitted to the Secretary for the Home Department.
With regard to the judicial functions now exer-
cised by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, the follow-
ing are the principal provisions of the Bill. The
Court of Hastings—a court practically obsolete—is
to be abolished. The Lord Mayor's and Sheriffs'
Courts are to be eonsolidited, with the same powers
of appeal to the Superior Courts of Westminster-
hall as now exist in the ease of the County Courts.
, The Recorder is to be sole judge in the courts thus
consolidated. As regards the Central Criminal
Court, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen are no longer
to form an essential part of it. They are still,
however, to retain so much of their magisterial
powers as relates to the transaction of the civil hearties
of the Corporstios, to the control over prisons
lunatic asylums, bridges, &a ; in short, to all that
corresponds with what is familiarly known se
county business amongst the justices of our
provincial quarter session. The criminal ju-

etidlation in Polk" matters is to be vested in
ether rfr=respect dielutet eumprimi
Within dirks of the Et' bitfi.oem part of
the general • of the and * be
placed under the control of an umbre of
stipendlery polies magistrates. The police consta-
bulary, however, of the City is still to remain under
the supftinteadenee of the Corporation—a point of
which, Ilk. Copdaits Cattle, we beg lame to take a
note far the purposes *nature cosement.
The next portion of the Government Bill is devoted
to the abolition of certain customs which the general
sense of the community has long eines condemned, as
inconsistent with the enlightened spirit of modern
times, and injurious to the interests of trade and

commerce. No one, we apprehend, will, now-a-days,
be found seriously to uphold the following neare—
d ced by the Commissioners, and abolished by
the Government Bill:—The =tags of grain, fruit,
wares, and merchandise ; the monopoly of the porter-
age of Goals and other articles, now exercised by the
fellowship porters; or the imposition of street tolls on
carts not belonging to freemen. Even the most
fanatio defenders of vested rights will pro-
bably agree that Sir GEORGE GREY is perfectly
Justified in repealing the enactments which require
that brokers shall be admitted by, and pay certain
fees to, the Corporation, or which restrict the right of
the Crown to grant any market within wen miles of
the City. In the same category stand those clauses of
the Bill which propose to abolish all exclusive rights
of trading—all rights of precluding persons not free-
men from carrying on badness in the City.
The remaining provisions of the Government mea-

sure are intended to divest the Corporation of certain
anomalous powers possessed by it at present, of which
the principal are, levying a duty on Coals, and exer-
cising a ooceervancy over the River Thames. The total
present amount of the Coal Duty—a duty, be it ob-
served, leviable net only on coals brought into the
City Proper, but into any part of an area extending 20
miles from the General Poet-office—is 13d. per ton.
This aggregate of 13d. is made up of three separate
duties : ooe of 4d. per too, now charged with a sum of
680,0001. for the alterations in Cannon-street; another
of Bd. per ton, constituting the fund called the London-
bridge Approaches Fund; and another of ld. per ton,
the whole proceeds of which are payable to metropo-
litan improvements. Both these latter duties expire
in 1882—the first is permanent. The Government
Bill proposes that the ftd. and the ld. duties shall cease
at the time at present fixed for their expiration, and
that the 4d. duty shall cease as soon as the
charge of 680,0001. is paid a The last
point is the conservancy of the Thames. As to this
Government does not propose to legislate upon
the relative rights of the City and the Crown (now
in coarse of litigation in Chancery) to the banks
and shores of the river. It merely provides for the
transfer of the rights of eonservancy and of the
tolls rained for the purpose of meeting the expendi-
ture of such conservancy, to a board, consisting of
the First Lord of the Admiralty, the President of the
Board of Works, one of the Commissioners of Woods,

and the Deputy Master of the Trinity House. Bach
in substance is the Government plan. In most respects
we are disposed to concur with its reeoinmendations
on one or two points we reserve to ourselves a right
of future observation.

Mr. Keogh mucosa' to the vacant Irish jodgsehip ;
sod Mr. Fits is to be the new Irish Attorney-
General Wi are also given to understand that Mr.
Fitsgerald left town for Ireland last night.

gpt Court.

Viscount Palmerston bad an audience of the Queen
yestadayat Backlaghaa Pawl.

- The feints Cosiort rode on hornbook with the Priors of
Walls sad nines Alfred in the noising, attended by Col.
F. H. Seymour sad Mr. Gibbs.
Prise* Arthur and the Prineesses Helens sod Louisa
to* s drive in as open carriage sad four.
Prices Albert, attended by his Byterry in Wsitleg,
visited the Duchess of filluesster, at her residence, Gloa-
enter•house, in the afternoon.

Her Molest, and Priam Albert, accompanied by the
Ptinesso Boyel, honoured the Prtheme's Theatre with
their presence in the evaalag. The royal suite connoted of
Lady lilsedimald, the Hoe. Weimar Stanley, Lord D■B.rie,
Lord Alfred Paget, sad Col. P. H. Seymour.

I OPPIOR, APRIL 2,1856 —Node is

hereby &es, that the Levee ausounesd to be held en Wed-
woodsy, the 16th Just., will be held on Tuesday, the 15th
lastest. Cards of prsaatatioa should be left at Its Lord
Chamberlain's office by 12 o'clock oa Saturday, the 12th
inst., or say earlier day, between the hours of 12 sod 4.

Despetabee were received at the Colonial-office yesterday
fro. the Govern:re of the Caps of 0 eod Hope, Natal, mad
Tommie.

The Earl of Eglia ton entertained a large party of
*Moen of the let Lit* Guards, and other friends, on Time-
day evening. la St. Jastes'i-nnare. There were pretest
Viscount Powerscoort, Viscose' Motley, Viscount and
Via:mutt/a legates, Sir Adam Hay sad the Milne Hay,
Colonel Parker, Colonel Hogg, Captain Daemon, Captain
the Hoe. W. B. Deaeonsbip, M.P., Mr. Illddalpb, Captaia
Wyndham, Mr. Pause, Mr. North, Mr. Grosvenor, Captain
Da Winton, Mr. Keith Fraser, &m.

The Earl and Counties of Derby and Lady Emma

ere a:pentad In town to-day from Knowsley.

Viscount and Visooantess Sydney are expected in
Ira to-day ham Prowl, Etat.
Lady Mary Wood has issued cards for a reception
. . .

weissidai, the 9th Met., at the Admiralty.

The marriage of the Lady Rachel itamell with
Lord James Wsadooford Butler took jam this muting, as
et. Potreo Chetah.

The Right bon. R. Vernon Smith, 111. P., gave a
dinner last evening to tie oelleegete In the eabinet. All the
ministers Weeded ezetpt the Berl Granville end tie Earl
of Clarendon—the latter beteg shunt in Paris, and the
former, we regret 0 learn, too unwell to attend.

Lady John Somerset has arrived at her new resi-
dence, la Cedopn-pleee, fee the mem

Most of the travellers who have spent the winter
la Upper Aunt have retuned to Cairo, and are leaving for
Syria, 'Misr by way of the Deport or by /ea from Alexan-
dria to Jaffa. Lord Porta!Unit= has bass tasking a pro-
Wasted stay at Ipswabold, in Nubia, excavating antiqui-
ties. Lord Gorge Paulet Is gone to the Crimea, oa a visit
to hie brother. Lady Pith' has embarked for Jaffa.

Colonel Sir H. Rawlimn, H.C.8., has been ap•
pointed to succeed General Mr Gimp Pollock as one of the
nominated Mentors of the Bast India Company.

A priests view took pl.ee yesterday of the extra-
ordinary nineties of works of art and vans nods by the
lan Colossi Bibthorp, 1111. P ,at 48, Eaton square. The
catalog. soutane 1,268 lets. which will be *old by Mastro.
Christie sad Kass., at t►eir rooms, Kieg-*treat, Bt.
lama's, e• Madseny east, to aoudad' oa April 18. The
hews appsan sassily filled with earioalths, and wonder-
ful r they an, On pastas wander is when the lats mew.
bar fee Llamas (mad room for himself.

On the subject of the competition of French against
BMA Cre kemaseeedlow, the Clesewellor of the Beebe-quer
ter samoussad a hill w►ieh be appease to eoriaider will pew
vest Freeel polled's from being undertakes here without
the persist of the goverumeat duty.
_ _

Seise anxiety prevails among the shipping interest
ea LIM quad= whether vessels will be allowed to clear for
Russian ports before the ratification of the treaty of pests,
or aro to be subjected to the blockade ap to that time. At
pretest the Castore-hoses will not pus there, bat a lags
. . . . . . . .

subs? have bees r .rosat:y shartMed and denials:bed V.
Constantinople en the sonditiot that, it t►e blockade should
sot have ceased within a speeded number of days alter
that arrival at that city, the sontraet is to be void. Some
sates from the government on the estject is daily looked
for, end, a eanwhilv, several ships bays bees pat on the
berth for Runes ports, it Hall, Loadon, and *Lowlier*.