The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-31 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 31, 1849.

Wu eilpreos

OUTGOING MAILS:' .
The arab for British N ' NA Op United
States WM'S. made up this • • •
The Weer ladia Mg* Havanna,
Nero, Nardsrae, NewOilmak ea excluding
them ter Madeira, St. Jamhele. ow Granada,
Chili, sad Pon, will be mule up , Sept. 1.
The mails for Madeira, the Weil% sad Buenos Aro.
will be made up ea Sep
awasiktio
ew e ems,Mw to the lawlittheaneas, Egypt.
The
Crib" Itoorlong, do., will be nude up on
the egoists(
TM mem bw 7 ,Oporto' Lisboa, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Oilweilar, will be made up en the atoning of Sept. 7.
The liana for 01braltar, Malta, Green, the lonian lolanda,
BOA Ceylon, India, and Chine, Na Southampton, will
be weft up as the Iseraiag of Sept. M.

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LIVIIRPOOL, stigma 30.

LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 31.

atota-Exasortens. —nl market, to-day, was very
WiLtelass......._...,et alma averywe hates* &amid. sad a man
eliee ea* Tu..' %.-10,761111t dime). Ma Stet! Z. t(LSIIII-110 (_afth
dam WWI.), 0 4.—tooloa awl Norsa-Wewera. II S autr.
DIY.. (... I slares). I 416.1 d. 119.-11aseaseter, abet& sod
Oda (preesseme etraes), 10 ea. ftWh:4 e. 61t—Ditto 1 awash
6. IR el.—Geatla Easters sad Dover (ecisece. No. E. 20 ). VA--
Ditto (No. 4, ter. as t a. St die.), 11,--Tera, Newootle, Yd Dor.
vita (ILE& 11 pie et. t 111141), IS.. li. d.

• •
Commissioners of Sewers have judiciously
resolved to institute an inquiry into the expense at
which their flushing operations have been carried on,
but insisted upon the inquiry being denuded of all
personality. The expense has been incurred, and
the question as to whether it has been legitimately
and necewarily incurred is between the public and
the commission, not between individual members
of the bo.Vd. If there has been wanton expenditure, it
ought to have been resisted and exposed beforehand,
net made a weapon of aggression afterwards.
The whole commission authorised the expenditure; the
whole commission are responsible for it.
We are glad the investigation is to proceed because
the rate-payers are entitled to know how their money
goes. Bat we beg to intimate before-hand that even
should it ultimately appear that this money
has been legitimately and profitably expended, we
shall regard the question of the competence
of the commission as standing exactly where it did
before. A brief conversation which took play shortly
before the court held on Wednesday rose, throws a
very suspicious light on the manner in which the
commissioners transact business. Mr. JOHNSON as-
serted that not a penny of the ratepayers' money was
spent without going through a committee of finance.
lo:r. LESLIE immediately reminded him that not a
word had been heard in the finance committee of the
7001. spent on the scheme of the Sewage Manure Com-
pany. ,Mr. DONALDSON appears to have fancied that he
met thin objection by " explaining" thatthe expenditure
bad been .authorisecl by order of the court, and bad
not been referred to the finance committee. Mr.
DONALDSON confirmed instead of disproving Mr.
Leaus's charje, hand 1. had been irregularly and
inconsiderately (ar
Bat waiving kg the present the question whether
the commissioners have orhave not been wantonly pro-
, faze in their expenditure of the ratepayers' money,
the damning fact remains apparent that up to the
present moment no practical step has been taken to
commence the work for which mainly the commission
was instituted. For some two parr the commis-
sioners appear to have been listening to the alternate
pleadings of Messrs. Auntie and PHILLIP*, as
Polenton in Vram's "Eclogue," listens to the
alternate' strophes of Menakasaut Domestas ; and
only at the last hour does and
idea appear to
have occurred to them that others besides these
two gentlemen might have piens of drainage
to suggest. A general competition has, how-
ever, been announced, and already, we are in-
formed, 74 competitors have appeared with their re-
active plans. If two years' deliberation have not
sashed the commissioners to decide on the comps.
satin merits of two rivals, in what conceivable time
will they adjudge on the contending claims of 74 ?
When will the great arbiters of sewer', flashing, and
sewage manure companies, decree with Palemon,
." °indite jam rives, purl; sat piste biberunt r
The commission cannot get on; it has demonstrated
its own incompetence to the task confided to it.
The source of this incompetence appeared visibly
1a the course of Wednesday's_ proondings. Mr.
LneuE remarked that " He had a position in that
court as a representative vestryman of a rental of
about 1,250,000 L, which they taxed. Mr. Henn
he believed, represented about a million." Mr. Lu-
lls, Mr.Kuitz, and perhaps half-a-dozen more mem-
bers of the commission are sure to be called to
account far every vote of money they concur in, by
the members of the vestry to which they belong, and
by their constituent'. The rest are only responsible
t• the government which appointed them, and are
sae only to be called to account by government,
when dissatisfactioCerith their proceedings becomes
so panel and loud as to endanger the permanence of
ministerial arrangements. The voice of the London
rate payers, though not to be disregarded is scarcely
powerful enough to tell effectively in the balance of
parliamentary majorities. A great majority of the
commissioners therefore may continue to experiment
and bungle, Tend money and produce no tan le
e
results, for an indefinite period without being " pulle
up," while their luckless brethren who happen to be
members of vestries like those of Marylebone or
St. Jantes's are compelled to bide the pitiless
incessant pelting of the storm of public indignation.
And when the members exposed to this external
pressen remonstrate against votes of money or pro-
crastination of works, their more easily circumstanced
brethren complain of having their attention to deli-
cate experiments interrupted by this impatience, and
their profound cogitations distracted and impeded.
And the remonstrant' have all sorts of undue mo-
tives imputed to them for their urgency.
It is clear that this has been the source of the per
squabbles and altercations at the board. A
minority of members exposed to the badgering of
constituents, and a majority nominally responsible to
the Home-office or the LORD CHANCELLOR, cannot
possibly work in harmony. To exclude members
!Widen the pressure from without from the commis-
sion would only make matters worse. There might
then, indeed, be perfect harmony at the board, perfect
decorum in the proceedings of the courts of the com-
mission, bot this harmony and this decorum would
be purchased at the expense of the ratepayers, who
would have to pay dearly for it. We should rather
isay that the change ought to be in the other direc-
tion, that all but representative members ought to be
... -iti I excluded from the commission.
ej The sewerage of London is a matter which concerns
the ratepayers of London. They have an interest in
the business being well done and economically done.
They would be pretty sure to keep a sharp eye upon
commissioners whom they appointed, and had it in
their power to remove. They would insist upon
avoidance of all unnecessary. expenditure, and upon
having something tangible in return for the money
actually spent. At all events, their motives to keep
a sharp look out and a strong hard of control over
the commissioners are mach more lively and perma-
nent than any that can possibly actuate a central go.
vernment. Besides, ministers have so many other
things to engross their attention, that the sewerage
even of so great a city as London can receive but a
very slender share of it. This plan of oentralising all
functions, down to local police and local sewerage, in
the hands of the supreme government, is most mischiev-
ous. Ministers, by undertaking to do everything, place
themselves in a condition to do nothing well. A
gonrument which seas to concentrate all activity in
itself, totppoint and discipline the polies as well as
to sway the destinies of the empire, resembles the
moat magnanimous Bottom, who, with his goodwill,
would have undertakes to play Pyramus, Thisbe,
Lion, Moonshine, and Wall.
There are few who deny that making the Commis-
sioners of Sewers eligible by the rate-payers would
snare a more vigorous enforcement of economy, and
a more rigorous exaction of efficient work. The only
lioubt of any weight, as to the efficiency of a beard
popularly elected, has arisen from the tendency of po-
War representatives to aim at establishing a reputa-
tion rather by skill in debate than by effective action.
The experience of government nominees has taught
es they can be quite as dilatory and inefficient as the
most oratorical board of elective members possibly
amid be. Government nomination has been proved
by experience to afford no guarantee against what is
supposed to be the besetting sin of popularly elected
boards. And we suspect the experience of the last
twenty years has pretty considerably abated the
admiration entertained by electors in general far
I PIANI7IPAOTITRIes.—Baeorono. Leg. Oe.—This beteg mere crew%
the 114 metre taw is Ansa kw youe, hob isafs ea. The two years' exporience London has had of the
win ems tw the waft seem 'row esi •1011 new Commission of Sewers proves that little or
.esess. "abysm is eel.* ay nooses am =an% wee.
Gs-ccebeet ma ammo, newasem we isw framers se mem nothing has lren gained by the mere change of met.
ewes nee men los m tbe bads ef balk IllionsloCumlhea• It is to the mode of appointment, and the nature of
matasotywad•vtow me‘Twill'lmit,„„,,,r="kbayeetorirod„,,,,,,,lalud the tenure of the o 6 e, that the vices of our metro-
us very same, es also mews sea mow. roses am mg Is. ratan system of sewerage management are owing.

The remedy is in the substitution of an elective
board or cmimimion of sewers for the whole metro•
polttan district. But to impart efficiency to soh
a
beard, its authority must extend over the whole
district, over the city and liberties is well as
the parishes. And the representation of the rate-
payers will require to be equally
.apportioned i one
membe
ratt tare board for every division containing so
many payrs, and liable to inch an amount of
rates.
A staff of permanent offioials will require to be
attached to a board thus constituted. Oar own ex-
perience of real representative bodies would lead us to
say that the appointment of such a staff might safely
be left to them. But we are aware that many are of
opinion that such. an arrangement woold neces-
sarily lead to jobbing, and an injuriously freq
change of officials. We believe there is quite as much
jobbing, and of a much more insidious and
dangerous character about government appointments
as about those of elective bodies, who are elected
under a good system and to whose proceedings due
publicity m given. But so strong is oar reliance in
the efficacy of • healthy representative system, that
could we see our way to the attainment ot a board or
commission of metropolitan sewers fairly elected by
the rate-payers and responsible to them, we might be
brought to listen to a compromise in the matter of the
appointment of the engineering assessors.

ON looking over the estimates of effective and non-
effective army services for the year 1849-50, printed
by order of the House of Commons, we find that pay-
ments for non-effective service bear even a larger pro-
portion to those for effective service than in the navy.
An abtract of theee estimtes gives the total amount
to be s plevided for effectivea services, 4,026,1551. ; and
Ise embelbstive, 2,116,0561.
The different branches of non-effective service may
be dumbed as follows:—Rewards for military service,
16,1201.; army pay of general officers, 78,9081. ; full
pay for retired officers, 56,0004; half-pay and military
allowances, 400,0001. ; foreign baltpay, 41,1561.;
widows' pensions, 128,778/. ; compassionate allow-
ances and pensions for wounds, 95,5001.; Cnelsea and
Dablin,in-pensions,3s,s4l/.; ont-pen5i0n5,1,224,0531. ;
superannuation allowances, 38,0001.
Now it will be teen that the charges are far more
defensible than those for naval non-effective services.
We should be the last to complain of rewards for
military service when fairly earned and justly distri-
buted, or to object to pension the widow and orphan,
the wounded or superannuated. The foreign half-pay
is much on the same footing, consisting as it does of al-
lowances to officers of disbanded foreigncorps, pensions
el wounded foreignofficers and the widows and children
of deceased foreign officers supposed to have rendered
eervice to this country. The army pay of general
officers, full pay of retired officers, with half par and
military allowances, amounting together to 531,9081,
is the sum which is to be compared with the half pay
of naval officers.
The charge to be defrayed by the tax-payers of this
country for 6,036 officers on full pay appears to be
826,5991., so that the payments to army officers on
half pay compared to those to employed officers is as
sto 8. Oa comparing this with the navy, it must be
borne in mind that leave of absence on full pay is
much more easily obtained in the army than in the
navy. A naval officer on full pay can very seldom
obtain even a month's leave, whereas nothing is more
common than the grant of nine or twelve months'
leave on fall pay to army officers, many of whom
spend considerably more than half their period of
service absent from their duty, receiving full pay for
doing nothing, earning at the same time the right to
retire on full pay after a certain number of years'
service has been thus passed over.
Some of the items of effective service in the army
estimates appear rather strange. For instance we find
18,0001. allowance in aid of regimental messes, and
5,0011. table allowance for officers on guard at St.
James's and Dublin Castle. Surely,
6 consid a
ering the
number of these officers on guard, ,0001. year for
their dinners can scarcely be considered as expended
in effective service. Then we dud 17,0001. to officiat-
ing clergymen, for performing divine service at home
and abroad—rather dear divinity. Next we arrive
at 86,5501. to pay purely nominal appointments, in
the shape of 13.5 colonels, who have nothing what-
ever to do with their regiments. It is a pare
piece of jobbery to give extra pay to general
officers to obtain political support, and, as if this
was not enough, there is 1,0931. which these sinecure
officers pocket as "emoluments from clothing"
Another rather startling item for effective service is
56,8521. for " trumpet-majors and drum-majors, ket-
tle-drummers, trumpeters, bugler!, fifers, and drum-
mers"—certainly not cheap noise.
Just as we find in the navy more admirals than
ships in commission, so in the army we have more
generals than regiments. A hundred and fifty gene-
rals who ere not colonels of regiments, and very few
of whom are employed, will draw, it is estimated,
65,0001. as pay for non-effective service in the earrent
year. Two hundred and ninety-six officers
retired on fall pay, will receive 56,000!. ; and
3,388 officers will receive for half-pay and military
allowances, 400,0001. The number of those unem-
ployed in the army, compared with those employed,
is nearly four to six, but a simple comparison of this
proportion with that of effective and non-effective
officers in the navy, will afford no information as to
the comparative efficiency, in ease of need, of the two
lista. Ihe navy and army half-pay lists stand upon
a totally different footing. Promotion in the army is
entirely from the effective list. No promotion takes
place, except in caseof regimental vacancy. In the navy
no permanent force isemployed. Ships are paid off. The
officers are placed on half-pay, and are promoted from
one rank to another while unemployed. Tbo officers
of the army remove the dead weight by keeping up,
out of their own pockets, retirement by the system of
purchase. Young men buy out the old ones, keep op
a larger stream of promotion, and maintain more ge-
neral efficiency. In the navy active men are placed
into vacancies in the inactive list indiscriminately
with inefficient officers, known to be incapable of
serving at sea. An inactive admiral dies, and an effi-
cient captain, in his turn of seniority, is placed upon
the list of rear-admirals, and thus rendered long use-
less to the country. The same evil occurs, though to •
lesser degree, when by the system of the service, an ,
active commander is converted into an inactive captain,
or an active lieutenant into an inactive commander.
The system is so obviously bad, that it must
be reformed. Administrative economy will be the
battle-field of next session. It will be the test of
honesty in the representative most clear to electors ;
the question upon which candidates will be tried at
the hustings. Financial reformers may not all agree
as to the means of raising revenue, but all concur in
the opinion that the first diminution in expenditure
must be in the salaries of useless public servants.

THERE are people incapable of appreciating the
leniency of that public contempt which quietly re-
mands them to obscurity. They will tell the public
what fools they are. They pride themselves on their
folly, and, like the professional wearers cf motley in
old times, insist upon jingling their bells in the hear-
ing of all. To this obtuse and perversely vain class
belongs the Reverend RICHARD CHAPMAN, late
chap:ain of Coventry gaol. The extraordinary con-
duct of this person in seeking to convert a felon
doomed to death, by singeing her fingers with a can-
dle, has been paged over, in a great measure, with a
wondering and pitying silence. His pi rtinacity in
obtruding his fatuity upon public notice, renders per-
severance in this course of lenity impossible.
41 Erroneous and exaggerated reports relative to
this affair," says the reverend gentleman, in a letter
which ha transmitted to the Secretary of State, and
bee lbrimeded for publication is the Corentry Herald,
"lave been circulated, some of them too ridiculous to
be credited by any person of intelligence." We con-
fess his own correct and unexaggerated report would
have appeared to us too ridiculous to be credited by
any intelligent person, had ft not been authenticated
by his own rignattue.
After telling us that he hsd read to her some pas-
sages from a work of JEREMY TAYLOR on the nature
d eternal punishment by hell-fire, and had implored
bar, "in the kindest and most soothing 'meats," not
to 'rent it by refusing to confess her guilt, he pro-
', weds to state :
On revisiting her in the afternoon, a thought struck far
that an application to the senses of a person who was inac-
cessible to reason might be attended with the desired remit.
I called for a lighted candle, and requested her to give me
her hand, which she unresistingly placed (or suffered to be
plicsd) in my own. I then held it over the lighted candle,
and asked her if she suffered pain, to which she made no
reply, but presently began to struggle, when I instantly re.
leased her hand. 17se operation did not occupy more than