The Express.
London, England, 1851-11-18 00:00:00

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LONDON, WESDAY, NOVEMBER 18.

IT is an undoubted and unpleasant fact, that the I '•
more bigoted section of Roman catholics—that which
is under the political as well as religious direction of
• the priesthood—has taken, and is taking, a very ac-
Sive part against KOSSUTH. The efforts of the sacer-
dotal party in Inland to get up a cry against him
lave been prodigious. That their efforts have failed
in England and in Ireland, we need no better proof
than the large and enthusiastic crowds of Irish who
joined their brother Englishmen at Manchester in 4
welcome of, and in acclamation for, the great Magyar.
We shall see whether the priestly efforts will meet
with more success in Amenca, whither Kossevit is 1
about to sail, and where he has been preceded by
active enemies, who have circulated a myriad ca-
lumnies against him, and represented him as the first
champion of that great liberal league, which. it seems,
is menacing the popedom.
It is not Kossevit's fault that the Church of Rome,
or at least its Cardinalate government, is bound up
with all that is absolutist and tyrannical in Italy, and
that the arms of Italian liberals, to be politically free, are
'Names:airily directed against the spiritual as against
the temporal supremacy- of the Roman pontiff. Such
her has this given, and so much has the political con-
duet of the Roman government disgusted Italians,
. that even the devout amongst them are inclined to
seek religion at some other source than the corrupt
and fetid well of the Vatican. And there is every
prospect that the first uprising in that country will
be the epoch of a religious Reformation as well as of
a political revolution.
In such a move, the people of Italy will find a
ouScient number of their clergy to go with them. For,
mince the high priesthood of Roman catholicism has
_univervally identified itself with Austria, every in-
terest and every sentiment that is Italian revolts and
easapires against it. No wonder, then, that Kossciit
looks to Italy as the right wing of the anti-Austrian
army, and to MAZZINI as one of the leaders of that
rest army. And no wonder that Kosserit himself
denounced by the Austrian and Itoman prelatic
party, who have planted their batteries against
the cause of political and religious freedom over the
world, on the soil and under the protecting laws of
this protestant country.
Much as one dislikes the Pope's spiritual sway, one
regrets that the celestial wisdom which he lays claim
to in such matters should nut inspire his Holiness
with some degree of humanity and wisdom in his
temporal government. Unfortunately and unde-
niably his rule is the most tyrannical, and the mast
foolish, the most oppressive, the most prodigal,
the most degrading to human freedom and the human
mind, that ever was invented; and that the govern-
ment of Naples is equally foolish, equally treacherous,
equally inimical to all that is worthy and dignified
in man, is, above all things, owing to its vicinity and
aSnity to Rome. Central and South Italy groan
under a yoke.
That the temporal sovereignty, therefore, of the
Roman priesthood and pontiff should be overthrown,
mast be the ardent desire of every man, and, above
all, of the liberal catholic himself, who desires to
see his religion cleansed of the stain of being a
temporal incubus and infliction on the fainet portion
of F.urope. Them are liberals who desire to sec this
revolution effected, as landscapes are depicted in
rose colour, and in order to ensure this they would
have no one lay hand to it who did not first declare
himself a loyal and constitutional monarchist, and
who should not forswear all such terms as republic,
as democracy, as the solidarity —that is, the mutual
qmpathy and alliance of every European people.
Unfortunately for thaw who stickle for this
amiable scheme of kid-gloved rebellion, it was given
tall trial in 1144i4. when the people and popular
effort in the north and centre of Italy were sup-
pressed, and when the great task of defending or
of winniog the national independence was committed
to the Piedmoateive King anti to the Lombard aris-
tocracy. They tried their hand, and we may safely
assert they will never be permitted by either side to
make trial again. The next Italian movement must be
a decidedly and radically popular one ; and, however
its character in this respect may be, or not be, to be re-
gretted, such at all events it must be.
An insurrection, however, made by the popular
maws, and in the name of a republic, does not
always terminate in a republic. And whether this
is to he so or not, there is now no fit rallying word
to lead and animate an army against the mercenaries
of Naples and of the Porn, save a word denying and
annihilating the monarchic rights of BOURBON and of
Pontiff. 'There is nu middle political class left in
Italy ; no botoryeui,ie, like that of Paris or Berlin.
There is no longer a juste-milieu constitutionalist
left. All that Exhinsesso and Cardinal Aterosettt
have not incarcerated of that moderate spirit and
class have di.appeared from the land, and what
remains can march under no moderate or political
banner.

Besides, the events and dissensions of Europe
have thrown strange doubts on the meaning
of words. France is the great forger of political
vocabularies. And in France the word moderate
mum retrograde. Every shade of political party in
Fiance, save the thorough democrat+, the Reds, u
they are called, have shown themselves hostile to
the struggles of both Italians and Hungarians for
their fretdom. How is it possible that Italian and
Hungarian patriots should not be influenced
by such a spectacle? How can they, were
they ever so monarchic and constitutional
themselves, rot turn with a greater degree of sym-
pathy to the reds, who sympathise with liberty
abroad, than to the re-actionvits, or than even to the
CAVAIONACB and DUVAL-Mr-9, who have joined in
crushing foreign liberty?
All these things ought to be taken into account
when we come to pass judgment upon KOSSUTH ;
and when we see him accept, for the redemption of
his country, these alliances which offer, let us
sot be too hasty to blame him or condemn them, be-
cause the force of circumstances and the conduct of
parties and of governments drive them into paths
which, whether rightly chosen or not, are the only
cases remaining open.

LESS than three weeks have elapsed since the
statute, which allows the parties in a civil action to
he put into the whams box, and examined upon oath
as to the truth of their respective allegations, has
come into operation. Already, however, several
persons have been committed on charges of perjury,
for the evidence they have given on such °acumen&
It would be
.precipitate to infer from this that theact
in question is likely to lead to the admission of equi-
vocal testimony, or to the extension of perjury.
Though two cases have occurred in startling prox
imity to each other, they afford rather a narrow bads
for so sweeping an induction. They eall, however,
for close and jealous observation of the working of
the new law.

In so far es the statute only goes to widen the
range of admissible witnesses, it is unobjectionable.
It bus hitherto been too much the practice of our
law courts to exclude evidence, instead of criticising
it. Judges have deemed it safer to prevent juries
. bout hearing certain dame of witnesses, than to
trust to their power to distinguish between reliable
and unreliable testimony. The risk is undeniable;
it is a delicate and difficult task to estimate the exact
degree of credit that is due to every individual wit-
ness. But the cure is worse than the dimmer. If
jurymen are likely to find it difficult to get at the
truth when puzzled and perplexed by contradictory
evidence, they are almost certain to miss it if any
attainable evidence is withheld. In fact, to say that
. a jury is unfit to estimate the exact value of evidence
fend the exclusion of certain witnesses says as much)
as to dream it incompetent to the discharge of the
judicial odes. This may or may not be the cue;
trial by jury may not be the best means of eliciting
the facts of any cast; hat so long as juries are
judges in matters of foot, no evidence ought to be
withheld train them—they ought not to be celled
upon to decide_ upon tlas testimony of • selection
from the whole body of aceessible witaseses.

In so far, therefore,

_ •
the production of
repent that it is
clear that the

whose evidence ought
The)• are, it is true,
truth than any

however, greatZr .
in their statements

however, is so obvious ,
notice of the meet ins=lt-beeded
The testimony of such witnesses s
ceived with an unusual amount of scepticism;
they will be subjected to more searching eross-exep
lineations; their statements will be more rigidly
tested by comparison with other items of evidence.
The gain by their admission far outweighs any ha-
zard that may exist of their misleading the jury.
Still it may be admitted that if any means can be
devised to balance or neutralise the natural disposi-
tion of a party interested to tell his story r the
manner most conducive to his own advantage, day
ought to be adopted. It is therefore all right dad
roper that such witnesses should be made to beau
in mind that they expose themselves to
_penalties V
convicted of any deviation from truth. The hemes
of the new statute have, therefarsjaiged wisely he
attaching certain penalties to fakir statements made
W plaintiff or defendant when examined apes trial.
Int have they judged wisely in seeking to atria
their object indirectly, by making the false-witnesses
liable to a prosecution for perjury, instead of attach-
ing the penalty simply, to the lies they tell?
The value of a judicial oath, as the means of
eliciting truth, has, by high authorities, been
called in question. And it must be confessed
that every law which goes. to inflict temporal
punishments for false swearing strengthens this
doubt. Oaths are administered to witnesses on
the assumption that the dread of divine vengeance is
the strongest possible motive to refrain from false-
hood. But to hold the threat of temporal punish-
ment over the head of the false swearer, is to declare
that there is a motive stronger still. Then why
multiply motives unnecessarily? If it is possible to
frighten men into telling. truth, without exposing
them to the temptation to insult the Deity by taking
his name in vain, certainly it is desirable that they
should not be exposed to such temptation. Besides,
it may be doubted whether the religious sentiment
of veneration for an oath is strengthened by the
addition of temporal penalties. It is more likely to
lead men to regard the temporal penalty as the
surer and greater evil of the two. It is a practical
anticlimax not unlike that of the worthy Scotch
judge, lately deceased, who used emphatically to re-
mind any witness of whose veracity ho had more
than usual doubt, that" the eye of ALMIOUTY GOD
was upon him;—and the police of Edinburgh."
Them is another consideration that must not be
overlooked. There can be but one punishment for
perjury. The criminality of perjury is equally
great whether committed for a trifling or for a great
gain. Perhaps the person who can forswear himself
for a small emolument evinces a more thorough and
deeper depravity than he who could only be tempted
to do so by some enormous advantage. The former
requires heavier penalties to deter him from offend-
ing than the latter. On the other hand, were tho
punishment attached to the utterance of falsehood
irrespective of the oath, a penalty would be sufficient
to prevent mendacity in cases of small sums, which
might be insufficient where great interests are at
stake. By punishing the violation of truth simply
as a temporal offence, the penalty might be propor-
tioned to the temptation, and greater security ob-
tained for the veracity of witnesses. By punishing
for the spiritual offence,—perjury,—the opportunity
of doing this is lost.
We waive ut present the general question of
judicial oaths as means of eliciting truth ; our
object is simply to in% ite attention to their special
application under the new statute. It is now ad-
mitted that the unnecessary multiplication of judicial
oaths renders them, by familiarity, lees impressive,
and has a tendency,by diminishing the mesa we-
rence with which they am regarded, to increase the
number of perjuries. This consideration taken in
connection with the remarks offered above, on the
effect and influence of judicial oaths, suggests the
question whether the aim of the new statute might
not have been attained without adding to their
number.

Much has been gained unquestionably by obliging
the plaintiff and defendant to appear in open court,
to tell their respective stories orally, and expose
themselves to eroavexamination. Does it not

however, appear that all the advantage to
be derived from this practice might be
attained simply by obliging them to make their
counter-statements orally before the jury, subject to
cross-examination, before any other witnesses are
examined, without the intervention of an oath? Might
not any disposition on their part to mislead the
court, or waste its time, or trifle with its authority,
be effectively guarded against, by subjecting
them to punishment in the event of their being con-
victed of having wilfully made false or coloured
statements? A man will be cautious in his aver-
ments, if conscious that he incurs the risk of a fine,
or of imprisonment, with or without aggravations, in
the event of his telling a falsehood ; or even of for-
feiting his due claims, if he attempts to strengthen
them by invented circumstances. frials would thus
be simplified at the outset, and the labours of judge
and jury be materially lightened. Vexatious and
groundless claims would less frequently be urged,
and litigation be diminished in amount.
Liability to a prosecution for perjury is by no
means so certain to be productive of these advan
tages. Considerate and reflecting judges will hesi-
tate to brand men with so terrible an imputation as
perjury. They will make large—often too large—
allowance for the power of passion to blind men's
perceptions. They will charitably assume that men
have been confused and misled by anger rather than
that they have deliberately and uneonsciou.sly told
untruths. With such judges, the guilty will have a
chance of escaping, and the knowledge that such a
chance exists is a great inducement to crime. On the
other hand, rash and hot-headed judges (and such have
sate on the bench ere now, and may again) will at
times be unwarrantably hasty in their commitments
for perjury. Bargains are often concluded in haste
and informally ; the strength and precision of me-
mory differs in different men ; misunderstandings of
terms used are frequent. Insall such circumstances
the statements of plaintiff and defendant may vary
widely, though both believe that they are speaking
truth. Yet, 111 such cases, a rash and irritable judge
might for ever blast the reputation of an innocent
man; for even the mere imputation of perjury is
never effectually effaced.

day,

upon ... -----
Dupla imessaisi beim the debate commenced that
ayesseepledleees seeeheed tread Be de la Mrartbe,
vice-president of ties eepssislie, and president of the council
of state, aditrating tothe Assembly the bill on the nelson-
sibility of the President of the Republic, the ministers, and
other agents of power.,
General St. Armiud had already mounted the tribune,
and was prepared to address the house, when M. Ferdinand
de Lasteyrie, a member of the Club of the Pyramidee, and
mediator between the government and the conservative
opposition, signified that he was about to move an amend-
ment which would serve asa ground of compromise between
the contending
_parties. tiles this the Minister of War
gave way to M. F. de Losteyrie. The latter dwelt
upon the immense agitation which the question
had mooed in public opinion. lie thought that the
Assembly ought not to create a new right, hut only con-
firm that which already existed in virtue of the 32nd article
of the constitution, and of the decrees of the 11th and 30th
of May, 1848. He hoped the government did not mean to
asolost this right. Meanwhile, instead of a new proposi-
MK which produced great ferment throughout society, he
lbw& that a motived order of the day would be a peter-
able *Ms of settling the question. He thereers....=!
one la the following terms : " The Assembly,
the 32nd article of the constitution, and that theiirm7eaf
the llth of May is still in vigour orders that this
shall be posted op afresh in the barracks, and pas.ffiii
order of the day."
General Sr. ARNAUD, Minister at War, said that, is Me
opinion the order of the day just proposed was but a ropes.
&talon of the questors' proposition. (Cries of " Yes. ne.'7l
In a question so serious the government had a right es be
baud, and he claimed their attention. (Speak, speak.)
The attesters' proposition raised a question of such gravity
dot -before any debate it was the imperative duty of
the ministry to explain, in a precise manner, the
of the government. He would not ask the an-
=l:
f the proposition why they had chosen a
moment when tranquillity universally prevailed, and when
the message had just mule an appeal to conciliation, to re-
vive a decree voted b 7 the constituent after the 15th of
May, and before the insurrection of June. Without OS-
&mining that question he would at once come to the point.
The constituent was an absolute sovereign power, and it
was readily to be understood that so long as that power en-
dured that decree had the force of law. But when the Con-
stituent Assembly ceased to exist that decree, which formed
• part of its regulations, was virtually abrogated, and the
proof of it was that the Legislative Assembly had
not reproduced this decree in its new regulations.
It was then in the constitutition alone that the rights of all
parties were to be looked for. What said Art. 32: " The
Assembly fixes the importance of the troops necessary for
its defence, and disposes of them." Was the object of the
proposal before them to fix the importance of this military
force ? No. What was asked was that the president of the
Assembly should have an absolute right of calling directly
upon the whole army. By the terms of the proposition,
there would not be a single officer in the army who would
not be compellable to obey the direct requisition of
the president of the Assembly: That was a posi-
tive encroachment upon the rights of the executive
. .

power. Art. 32 gaie the Asiembly the right to
dispose of the military force destined to assure its safety.
That right no one contested. But the right must be con-
fined within the limits traced by the constitution. (Ap-
probation.) The proposal derogated from the fundamental
principle of the separation of powers. If it were adopted,
if the absolute right of requisition of the military force were
granted to the president of the Assembly, the whole execu-
tive power would pass into his hands. Suit a rights would
also be the destruction of all military discipline.
The first condition of all discipline was unity of
innunand. The prided appointed a new commander-in-
side& in the poem of the president of the Assembly.
New supra, the ere of an insurrection. What contradictory
me= wait these be ! And in the midst of all that what
would beam, of the army ? Notwithstanding the modera-
tion of its language the proposition betrayed an unjust dis-
I test of the executive ; it had caused anxiety in the
country, and astonishment in the army. (Some interrup-
tion.) In the name of the safety of the country, he en-
treated that it might not be taken into consideration.
(Applause.
General Lan.* defended the proposition. He meta-
tained that its object had been misrepresented. It weather
consecration of a pre-existing and legitimate right. Its ab-
ject was to regulate the exercise for a given case, which it
was to be hoped would not occur, of the privilege of the
Assembly consigned in the 32nd Article of the Constitu-
tion. We desire no parliamentary army ; we do not wish
to add a single soldier to the ordinary 'guard of the As-
sembly. What we do desire is, that in a moment of
urgency and danger the Assembly, which is sove•
reign, may have the power of commanding the battalion
necessary for its safety and independence, without the
intervention of the Minister of War. Could they refuse to
that assembly the power which belonged to the lowest com-
missioner of police, to the mayor of the smallest village?
A false interpretation had therefore been put upon their idea
to serve a pretext. What was the situation of the army?
Uncertainty and hesitation. (Long and violent interrup-
tion.) He would finish the sentence. The army was heel-
toting between the 32nd set of the constitution:and the prin-
ciple of passive obedience, and it wished :Idite duty should
be clearly defined. Ile stated this upon the authority of
general officers of all shades of polities who had sought in-
terviews with him to say so. Ile respected die-
cipline as much as any man, for without it
there could be no army. But in what respect
could discipline be violated by placing the authority of that
grand assembly side by side with that of the President of
the Republic, and above that of the Minister at War ? It
was not to be presumed that the president of the tolerably
would seek a collision, and require troops that were em-
d spas other duties. As long as harmony prevailed
between the two powers, there was nothing to tear from
the measure; and if a disagreement between them should
incur, the measure was a necessary precaution. The re-
jection of the bill would deliver up the Assembly, unpro-
tected, to the hazards of to-morrow. They, the authors of
the measure, had the consolation of knowing that they had
acquitted themselves of a terrible responsibility.
Great agitation was visible in the Assembly after
this speech. The sitting was suspended for a consi-
derable time. Several influential members were seen
in earnest conversation with the ministers, whom
they pressed to make some concession. But the
members of the cabinet seemed all resolved to stick
firmly to the demand made by the Minister of War
kr the pure and simple rejeetion of the bill.
When the sitting was resumed, after about twenty
ainutes of great excitement, MM. Lavergne and
Gemieux succeeded one another at the tribune with-
eat being able to procure a hearing. M. F. de Las-
tale having withdrawn his order of the day, M.
Dupin read another, drawn up by MM. de Broglie,
Daru, and Montalembert, conceived in these terms :
• Considering that the constitution bestows upon the
Assembly the rights and powers necessary for its
security, the Assembly declines to take the proposi-
tion into consideration, and passes to the order of the
day." This motion, and the eminent names attached,
produced great sensation in the Assembly.
M. Clum sy:made then a long speech, in which he
vied to explain the embarrassment of the Left, and said
dot they rejected the proposition, not account of the
spirit which bad dictated it, but because they believed that
the 32nd Article of the Constitutisn sufficed for all pur-
poses. In virtue of this article the Assembly would, in a
given case, decree that it wanted such and such troops,
and if they were withheld by the executive
from obeying the requisition, the President and his
ministries would violate the Constitution, and thereby
the former would be instantly deposed from his
fenetions and the executive would parwith full rigida to
the Assembly. In such a case the patriotism of the people
would rank them on the side of the Assembly.
M. VISIT, the reporter, observed that M. Cryogen:, in
the time of the Constituent Assembly, had not the same
confidence in the people, and that be wanted soldiers to
guard the Assembly. lie analysed the 32nd ankle of the
Constitution, and showed that the words "disposes ofthem,"
applied to the Assembly's right over the troops were intro-
duced into this article to consecrate the right, which it was
the object of the proposition to regulate, and which the go-
vernment denies. It was on account of this denial of the
overnment that the committee concluded in favour of the
bill.
H. CHAR/48 declared that, but for the written declara-
tion of the ministers, who claimed the Awasabiy's right, ke
would have voted against the proposition • bet that new he
should vote in favour of the bill-010mill' an the Left.
with the majority, who upon the present eserion destadei
by thane* a principle.
M. Micazi De Boraces said It was not acr ration of
principles, but a party question. He saw no ,anger. if
there wee swyalc the Assembly had the best of sentinels
in the pasha (Caren on the Left—agitation.)
H. Verge It is asked where lies the danger? M.
Michael de Dames has just pointed out. It is his alliance
with these who protect his party. (Cheers from the Right.) 1
(The sesigt of the debate, received by submarine
desists is given above.)
In tile debate of to-day M. Ferdinand de Lastey-
ria spatted himself with a sufficiently ill-grace of
his task of mediator, by proposing an order of the
day which was equivalent to the Questora' Bill. Ge-
neral Lotto, one of the questors, excited general
laughter by maintaining that the bill was presented
in the interest of military discipline, as if discipline
Gadd not be promoted in the army by a divided al-
legiance. While the bill was manifestly aimed at
the executive power, this military queator reminded
the house of all the invasions they had had to con-
tend with from the mob, of the 24th February, of
the 15th of May, and of' the days of June.
The President did not attend to-day at the open-
ing of the Cite Napoleon, where he was expected by
a considerable crowd.

on tho electoral law again met to-
* their resolutions, which I for-
The president or the coot
mi a-reads lettee .from MM. Farconnet, E. Arago,
Michel (de Bourgeal Morellet, and Friction, stating
that, in convertinuun administrative meiwurc into
a political one, therconceived the committee had ex-
ceeded its power, and they should therefore abstain
from attending its future sittings.
General Marchand, one of the most distinguished
generals of the empire, died on the 12th inst., at his
chateau of St. Lauer, near Grenoble, in the 86th
year of his age.
At the Bourse the Five pei Cents. rose 10c., and
closed at 91.80. The Three per Cents. rose Sc., and
closed at 56.30.

_ ---- -
GERMANY. "

VIENNA, Noy. 13.

Between Tuesday afternoon and this morning
nearly 200 persons have been forced to quit Vienna,
and the Austrian dominions, in consequence of being
suspected to have speculated on 'Change with the
view to increase the price of silver. No excuse has
been listened to in any one case. The individuals
on the expulsion list of the redoubtable Minister of
Police have had to cross the frontier without delay,
many of them torn from their families and homes
without the means of subsistence elsewhere. In
several cases the arrests were made in cafes and
other public places. The gendarmes comfort-
ing. their prisoners, in reply to their assertions
of innocence, with the remark that if the police
had anything particular against them they would
have been tried by court•martial. Among the pant-
her of the expelled are several influential merchants.
In the course of yesterday the Chevalier Weiss had
a banker, named Kiinigswarter, brought before him,
and warned him that he would be severely punished
if he continued his " ntr iebe," or doings on the
Exchange. Herr Kfinigswarter is a director of the
bank, a wealthy man, highly honoured for the skill
and integrity with which he conducts nn extensive
banking and booking business, and one of the last
men to meddle with any affairs of an improper cha-
racter. His character is no safety ;he is liable to be
expelled, or tried by court-martial, at the pleasure of
Chevalier Weiss. The police terrorizations have put
a stop to bone fide transactions. Baron Krauss and
his agents have the exchange to themselves. I
know that an eminent house, by telegraph, refused
to effect the purchase of a considerable amount of fo-
reign exchanges on commission for a distant party,
and even offered to pay their customers the dif-
ference between the price at Vienna and at the
spot from whence the order was issued. Not a mer-
chant or banker can venture under such circum-
stances to trarnmet business on 'Change. Notwith-
standing, however, the influential capitalists and
bankers of the city submit without a murmur. The
dread of trial by court martial, and of a violent death,
or imprisonment for life, is too great. They submit
to be trodden underfoot, with the same readiness
that the Turk accepts the bastinado. If a dozen of
the largest houses would only close their counting-
houses altogether, an impression would be made that
would produce some relief.
The police are taking similar forcible measures
, against what their wisdom considers improper specu-
lation in grain. Though the government itself is at
this moment in the market making very large pur-
chases to provide against the expected scarcity,
private individuals are not allowed to make pur-
chases to any amount. Instances have already oc-
curred of expulsion from Vicuna for doing so.

AMERICA.
ONE WEEK LATER.

(By Electric Telegrapti.)

LIVERPOOL, TURSDA.T MORNING.
The Royal Mail steam-ship Niagara, which sailo I
from New York at noon ou the .sth instant, has just
arrived in our river.
She brings 195,847/. specie on freight, thirty-three
passengers, the week's mails from the United States,
Canada, Newfoundland, &c., together with a toler-
ably large cargo.
The steam-ship Franklin had arrived at New York
on the 2nd.

The Baltic was passed on the 7th inst., lat. 41.50,
loniT. 63.9.
'lhe steam-ship Cherooke arrived at New York on
the Ist from California, with dates to October 1,
brought 2,000,000 [200,000 ?) dollars in gold dust.
The mining prospects were good. Several of the
quartz mining companies had met with extraordi-
nary success, and a tenth share in one company had
sold for 6,000 dots. The commercial accounts from Ca-
lifornia are satisfactory, business in most articles being
brisk. Coal was in good demand; Liverpool and
Cardiff was selling at 20 dols. per ton. Exchange
on London—eight, 47d. to 484.; 60 days', 49d. ; on
Paris, GO days', sfr. The improvement noticed in
the money market at last accounts had scarcely been
maintained. Gold dust was selling at 17 dots. per
ounce.

Accounts from northern Mexico to the 23rd ult.
state that the revolutionary party had gained pos-
session of the entire western portion of 'Armaments ;
many. of the United States troops had deserted,
and joined the revolutionary party. The Mexi-
cans had sustained severe losses in the different
engagements. General Arabes had been wounded.
From the city of Mexico dates to the 16th ult. an-
nounce that the British minister had had an official
interview with President Arista, and had demanded
a final answer to Lord Palmerston's despatches for-
merly relative to the debt of Mexico. It is also re-
ported that unless the answer is satisfactory all the
Mexican ports will be blockaded.
The steamer Falcon, from Chagres, arrived at New
Orleans on the 31st alt., with 230,000 dole. in gold
dust. Chagres accounts state that a dreadful riot had
taken place between the native and foreign boatmen,
and that upwards of 20 persons had been killed.
The Empire City brought to New York advice'
from Havannah to the 30th ult. Consul Owen had
not received his recall. It was reported that Mr.
Threasher, of the Faro Industrial, had been tried and
sentenced to the mines. Sugar was scarce. White
was quoted at 64c. to Pc. ; choice yellow, 'Tie. ;
and brown, sc. Molasses dull, at 2 to 2} reels.
Exchange was fluctuating.
A riot took place;at San Juan, on board the steam
ship Prometheus, in consequence of the captain's
refusing to leave until the passengers by the Inde-
pendence had arrived. The passengers mutinied,
put the captain in irons, and compelled the mate to
get op steam and
Hayti dates of the
eleZh nit. states that the Em-
peror passed through Gonaives on the 10th, on his
way to Port-au-Prince, to meet the French and Eng-
lish Consuls, who had interfered on behalf of the
Dominicans. Coffee was selling at 76 dole, to 78
eds. Haytian currency.

Buttner at New York and the leading cities was better
than for some weeks past. The money market was easier,
and stocks were looking upward.
Prices had receded slightly in the breadstuff market,
which was very quiet. Western Canal flour, 3 dole. 75c.
per bri. ; Genneasee:prirne wheat„94e. to 96e. per 601 b. ; In-
dian corn, round yellow, 60c. to 62c. per bushel, steady ;
Indian meal, 3 dols. 37ie. to 3 dole. 50e. per brl.
Mobile, middling fair to fair, 94e. to 91e. per lb., or a fall o
The Cotton market had been inactive. and prices had
slightly receded for most descriptions. New Orleans and
Mobile, middling fair to fair, 91c. to 91c per lb., or a fall
of Ic. ; Uplands, middling fair to fair, 81c. to 9e. per lb.,
or a similar decline. The crop is estimated at from 2,500,000
to 3,000,000 bales. _

Provisions dull. Old mess pork, 141 to 15; aew, 151.
Beef heavy, at declining prices.
Exchange on London, 1101 to 1104; Paris, 5.16; Ham-
burg, 361 to 361; Bremen, 791 to 791.
NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 4.
1,500 bales of cotton sold to-day, and 4,000 bales yesterday,
at steady prices.

CHARLESTON, Noy. 4.
Cotton drooping% 540 bales sold at 7e. to Bic. per lb.

ARRIVAL OF THE HERMANN.
SOUTHAMPTON, TrVADAT, MID DAY.
The Hermann has just arrived off Cowes, on her
way to Bremen. She left New York on the Ist inst.,
four days before the Niagara. She brings 25 pas-
sengers and 15,0001. in specie for England and
France.

THE JEDGE OP THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT.—
Mr. Ramshay resumed his sittings in the County Court yes-
terday (Monday) moining. and proceeded with the cases
lin the order in which they stood upon the list. Nothing
' occurred of public interest.

4A, 'AND CHINA.
THE OVERLAND MAIL.

rw

RIOT AT BOMBAY.

By our usual despatch in advance of the Over-
land Mail we have news to the following dates :
Bombay, Oct. 17 ; Calcutta, Oct. 7; Hongkong, Sept.
29; and Singapore, Oct. 9.
Our correspondent's letter is below. On account
of its importance we preface it by the following,
which was appended as a postscript :
HALV-PAST 4 have just heard of a serious
riot having occurred here. Two Parsecs had been
converted to Mahomedanism, when the Parsee papers
set to with all their might to ridicule Mahomcd and
his Faith. This infuriated his followers; and to-day
a serious riot took place near the large Mosque in the
Native Town, whereby, it is feared several byes have
been sacrificed : some Parsecs and an European con-
stable have been mortally wounded, and the Maho-
medans to the number of some thousands are arming
themselves, vowing destruction to every Parsee they
tall in with; they have allot themselves up. in the
Mosque, and intend making an onslaught during the
night. The troops have, I hear, been ordered under
arms; and it is expected that serious work will be
done before morning. No further particulars now ob-
tainable—great ferment exists throughout the island.
BOMBAY, Orr. 17.
- .

Well, it turns out after all, according to the Lahore
Chronicle, that the story of further annexation on the
Punjaub frontier is not exactly true : we have only
taken under our protection a tribe who sought our
alliance or courted subjection to our rule in preference
to that of Dust Mahomed, to whom they never paid
tribute or acknowledged allegiance.
The Lahore Journal further tells us that it has I
been recommended by the Governor-General that
the supreme government should be permanently lo-
cated in the north-west, that a large portion of these
provinces should be united with the Punjaub into a
separate presidency, under a lieutenant-governor
without a council, Bengal being presided over as at
present by a deputy governor, but without a council,
the supreme council being with the head of the go-
vernment at Simla. Lord Dalhousie seems to know
one thing perfectly well at any rate—that the cli-
mate of the Himalayans is far preferable to that of
the City of Palaces. However, there cannot be a
question as to the advisability and reasonableness of
the proposed changes, but till the expiry of the pre-
sent charter at any rate nothing need be looked for
in the way of change, I fancy.
I am indebted to the Chronicle for the subjoined
account of the surrender of the fort of Chelas,
against which the troops of Cashmere had been for
some time employed:
The fort of Chclas, the siege of which, by the troops of
Maharaja Goolab Sing, has attracted some attention, was
taken on the Nth of September. On the 2nd instant, a
mine, which had been run under the fort, was made to
communicate with the only binit that supplied water to the
garrison, and to draw off what was left of their scanty
supply. On the following day the Chelaseeas begged for
an armistice, conditions of surrender being at the same
time asked for and finally settled by Dewan Dame Chund,
conditionally to their being confirmed by the Maharaja
ILioolab Sing. On the Bth, the head men waited
on the Dewan, and after receiving kheluts, de-
manded the removal of tho entrenchments and
batteries in the immediate vicinity of the town gate,
on which they were to receive a guard of the Cash-
mere troops within the walls. On the removal of the
batteries they seized the opportunity of attempting to
escape with their families. A pursuit ensued, during which
the fugitives kept up a brisk fire while endeavouring to
gain the right bank of the Indus; many of them were,
however, overtaken and cut down or made prisoners, while
others succeeded in escaping, making their way into Yag-
histan. While this was going on, a portion of the Cash-
mere troops succeeded in gaining admittance into the town,
and obtaining final possession, after a skirmish with the
men left in the place. The walk have been levelled, and
orders issued for annexing the province to Ilusora, (occa-
sionally named.' Astor "in the maps), the district of Goolab
Sing's dominions that was subject last year to the brutal
attacks of the Cheluseeas, and many of the inhabitants of
which arc still in slavery.
The Maharajah Goolab Sing continued unwell—
the disease from which he suffered being diabetes.
An unfortunate affair had just occurred in Cashmere,
in which one of our artillery officers was implicated.
It would appear that lie was talking to a young
Cushmerian female in the market, when a sepoy of
the .Maharajah's went up mid used some sort of,
abusive language to him, which irritated the gentle-
man so, that he struck him a blow which killed him
on the spot. The officer is to be tried by general
court martial for the crime so soon as he reaches
Wuzeerabad. Ho is said to be pretty high up in
the service, and a good linguist—this qualification
here proved a misfortune to him, for had ho been
unable to converse with the frail fair one he would
not now be in the painful position in which
he stands. Rumours are again afloat of an
expedition into the Easel/Ate districts around
Peshawar in the coining cold season—but it
is to be hoped the authorities will think better on
the matter before that time arrives. The station of
Peshawar was becoming much healthier, and it was
believed the worst part of the year had gone by.
Robberies were very frequent in cantonments, all laid
to the account of the Hill Tribes," although the sen-
tries and patrols could never come across any of them.
The Bengal army camp-followers are themselves the
greatest rogues in existence ! The latest health-table
of the Lahore force published shows an improves
ment. Everywhere peace and tranquillity reigned
supreme. At Mooltan a good deal of sickness still
lingered, but nothing serious. There has scarcely
been a line of news from Scinde during the fortnight.
It is reported that recruiting for the Nizani's con-
tingent has been ordered by the Governor-General
to be discontinued, and it is therefore believed a very
great reduction in the force is about to be effected.
Matters remain much as usual at the capital. The
dth Cavalry at Aurungabad has, by all accounts,
been fairly goaded on to the verge of mutiny by the
brutal conduct of Captain Yates, their commandant—
s local officer, and an East Indian.

The new Commander-in-Chief of Madras reached
that presidency, by the ship Barham, on the 2Mth ult.
and landed next day. He is represented as old and
infirm, and in bad health: poor old gentleman!
When will the Horse Guards cease sending out to
India superannuated old men, more fitted for Chelsea
Hospital than for a country like this, from whom it
is absurd to expect independent decisions or sage
counsel.

It is expected that the maintenance of " re-
gimental messes" will now be made compulsory;
of the 74 infantry regiments in the Bengal army,
73 keep up messes, the 64th being the only corps in
which a mess is not maintained by the officers.
' The Oriental Bank, Bombay, has declared a divi-
dend for the past year of seven per cent., after clear-
ing off all its recent losses by frauds and robbery,
and its shares are now quoted at 5 per cent. premium.
The " Ogilvie" testimonial fund has now risen to
156/. Our railway is getting on rapidly : a discus-
sion regarding road crossings is going on : govern-
ment want the Parell and Mazagon roads to be
bridged over where the railway crosses, but the rail-
way engineers object to the great unnecessary ex-
pense, level crossings, protected by gates, being con-
sidered by them much better ; and in this view they
have the general voice of the public. Captain
Nourse, of the ship Baron of Renfrew, his brother,
and two apprentice lads, were drowned in the har-
bour last Saturday by the upsetting of their boat.
The captain's body has not been found yet. Cap-
tain French, town major, goes home on the 3rd of
November: he is to be succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel
Lyons, 28th Native Infantry. Colonel Melville,
military secretary to government, goes home shortly.
The new steam frigate Zenobia takes to-day's mail to
Aden. Oar monsoon is over : upwards of 110 inches
of ram have been registered as the fall of the season.
A large amount of business has been done during
the fortnight in imports, but at low prices, owing to
the immense supplies received or known to be on the
way out—holders being anxious to part with stock
before the market becomes glutted. The money
market at Bombay is easy; not so, however, at
Madras and Calcutta.
P.S.—The papers received to day afford the fol-
lowing items : Captain Best, Madras Engineers, su.
perintendent of roads, diedat Chittoor on the 6th in-
stant ; and Lieutenant T. Eagar, 52d M.N.I. at
Cuddapeh, on the 4th of November. Sir William
Gomm leaves Simla on the 7th November; he pro-
ceeds via Hosheyarpore to Scalkote and Wuzeerabad
to Peshawur, and returns ria Lahore, Umritsir, and
Jullundhur. The Governor-General holds a durbar

at Pinjore on the 21th instant; he leaves Simla
early m November v a Landoor and Mussorie, and
will not be at Calcutta before the end of January.
General Hamilton, recently appointed to command

at Lahore, is going home instead of taking up his
new berth. Captain James and Lieutenant
Pollock, deputy commissioners, had gone to
Kohut, where some disturbances were looked
for immediately. Captains Cope and !tale,
with the Kohut entire force, had marched 14
Hungoo, at the base of the mountains fifty miles off,
to take possession of the Valley of the Dour recently
"taken under our protection according to re-
quest." From Calcutta we learn that Sir S.
Whish was about to take his place at the
military board ; his health was far from goad. Sir
It. Barlow had left on the 3rd for Agra on the Jake
Persaud inquiry business. Lord Dalhousie is said to
be greatly annoyed that Mr. Hume was nut, accord-
ing to his wish, appointed chief magistrate of Cal-
cutta, and not a civil servant; if so, all he has to do
is to cancel the appointment ! Ensign D. Reid, 2nd
Bengal NJ., has been suspended for six months 14
disrespectful conduct to his commanding officer, and
breaking his sword in two when arrested.
We learn from a Bombay correspondent that the
strongest reason existed for suspecting that Colonel
James Outram, Resident at the court of his Highness
the Guicowar of Baroda, had been on more than one
or half a dozen

druggetl by those whose
•1 for '

villainy and rascality he had the past two years
I been busily engaged in exposing to government.
The gallant colonel on one occasion, after having
partaken of his evening meal, fell into such a state
of stupor, and remained in a comatose state for such
a length of time, that serious apprehensions were en-
tertained by those about him that it would end in
death. On several other occasions after drinking a
cup of tea at breakfast, he had been forced to lie
down and sleep for hours together! It is rumoured
that he has represented these matters in a memorial
to government, but that a degree of apathy has been
shown by them in the business utterly mourn; rehen-
sible. '1 he Telegraph and Courier, a Bombay news-
paper, of the 16th October, alludes to the Prime
Minister at Baroda having employed a magician to
rid him of the presence of the resident—evidently
referring to the above circumstances.

From Madras we have news, in addition to that
contained in our Bombay correspondent's letter.
A native general court martial has been ordered to
assemble at Cannanore, for the trial of the sepoys
who showed their heels to the Moplolls at Kolatoor.
The Ist instant was the day fixed for the opening of
the court, but it has since been postponed for reasons
not made public.
Our next item is also of revolt, but revolt hap-
pily unattended with any disastrous issue. Of this
revolt the government seminary, generally known as
the Madras university, has been the scene ; the stu-
dents the rebels, and the caulks belli the admission of
a few scholars belonging to the downtrodden and
tabooed race of Pariahs. The obnoxious youths were
received into the school at the express desire of the go-
vernment. They were candidates for reception into the
subordinate ranks of the medical service, but not being
sufficiently acquainted with English to profit by the
lectures of the professors of the medical school, were
ordered :to undergo a preparatory training at the
university. Their reception roused all the bigotry
and intolerance of the orthodox Hindus, who

remonstrated and threatened on the danger of
pollution from the presence of the unfortu-
nate Pariahs ; but in vain. A few with-
drew ; others by their refractory behaviour brought
upon themselves expulsion ; but the firmness with
which all their demands for the exclusion of the un-
offending outcastes were resisted, finally won the
victory. And thus has another, and by no means the
weakest, of the absurd prejudices which half compose
the Hindu character, received its death wound.

herefort, as the statute only permits FRANCE
of witnesses hithesto exclu&d,owe ...
is unexceptionahls.„„it ho •_ ? (By R TRIM Rove
parties in any CM, Iwitn
i,
PART, Al *sr Minim
ought to be listened ti l. "80 .' • ,e fun of uestooki been t.AOMM,
rue, more likely"), the v." y 408 300 ; city, I. 7. •
y other pews. ••: Tl.l, may i
..k„,
T temptationflo ' dev...from , • 'Th is if en letter,,
mts than any other peridns. This,..da evening, and. patchhcedd before .the above '
Arrious that it can scarcely escape the vote had been taken:
most psm4t-beteied of jurymen. The -ituaembil, entered in its sitting' of today
of such witnesses will be re- I upon the discussion of the Questors' Bill.
-