The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-20 00:00:00


often i 4 one year, always in three ; to be able to
repay stuns, so kid co. merely as loans, was most
desirable. The offer, therefore, of a public loan to
private and reprodustive works, was readily accepted.l
And yet the Irish landlord is not contented.
-The population is too great. One should expect
that a new outlay of capital upon the improvement of
land might lead to the employment of more hands..
Or, the great difficulty being too many hands, care
might be taken to lay out the capital so as best to
locate and employ them. But no—Lord DESART sees
" great difficulties" in the settlement of waste lands.
He sighs, like Lord WESTMEATH, after English
farmstand farmers, forgetful of the capital that has
been spent upon those, until the original rent is
nothing, and the interest on improvement everything.
He would have Ireland on a par with England,
without any of the pains, industry, and wealth, that
Englishmen have taken and spent.
Lord DEssaT says, he cannot support more la-
bourers ; the utmost he can do, is to support the usual
quantity. An emergency such as that of the present
year finds him utterly powerless to meet it. What
does this prove, but that a poor landlord, or a class of
poor landlords, is incapable of recovering Ireland
from the collapse into which it has fallen. What is
wanting in Ireland is capital : the preliminary to
introducing it is the peace of the country ; and with
that, every facility for the introduction of a more
new, more large, more wealthy class of proprietors.
All the riches of England would not suffice to feed at
once the peasants and the landlords. We have before
declared the one to be as distressed as the other ;
but the distresses of the higher class are not at all
the kind that entitles them to call upon English aid,
either in the way of gift, loan, or partial legislation.
Lord DESART and Lord W ESTM EATH exclaim, thin
the population fibres, for when there are fewer labourers,
we can pay them better. They make this demand in
a country .bot half cultivated, and in which all the
population might be profitably employed. But the
landlords are without the capital, and have been so
longhabituated not to spend any of their incomes upon
the land, that as they let but the naked soil to the
tenant, so the tenant, who takes it, is naked too. The
poor and the niggardly landlord has made the poor
and the niggardly farmer. And the labouring popu-
lation, instead of being employed to take the full
worth out of the ground, has been left to vegetate in
holes and corners, divorced from the soil, and looking
on its owner as one might regard the dog in the
manger, neither eating the hay himself nor letting
others eat it.
The Irish themselves are now calling for fixity
of tenure, as an indispensable guarantee to the tenant,
who has capital. Bat of what use is it, where the
tenant has none, except to protect him in exhausting
the land ?
Friends of the Irish here propose to make landed
proprietors of the Irish peasants—a feeling of property
being, in their opinion, the true key to industry. It
may be so to spade industry, but, in the present age,
we require something more ; we require an industry
fed by capital, and guided by intelligence. If' Ireland
was by itself in the midst of the Pacific, then we might
indulge in plans, if not of improving or enriching it,
at least of more equally dividing its produce, and of
feeding all. But its vicinity to the greatest source of
industrial and accumulated wealth that the world has
seen, opens for Ireland far better prospects, a far
wider and speedier prosperity.
We agree fully with one of our contemporaries in
the opinion, that It is desirable to enlarge the number
of Irish landed proprietors. We differ from it, inas-
much as we deprecate seeing this enlargement effected
by thelocation of paupers. Of the three classes upon the
land, the landlord, the tenant, and the labourer, all
require reform, all require being lifted up several
pegs. The introduction and employment of capital
can best do this by the two higher classes. Raise them,
and the labourer will soon partake of the improve-
ment. But there is little use of plans for Irish
regeneration, which are merely to affect the lower
classes, leaving the upper in that state of poverty, and
helplessness, and hopelessness, which even its mag-
nates avow.

Oar Paris express of Wednesday has arrived.
The announcement in the Augsburg Gazette of the
intended absorption of the republic of Cracow
by Austria has of course excited very indignant
comments from the journals of the opposition, while
those of the government denyjor doubt the truth of
the report.
A circular has been addressed by the Minister of
Agriculture and Commerce to the prefects of the de-
partments on the subject of the subsistence of the
people, for the purpose of tranquillising the public
mind as to the apprehended scarcity. Its contents
will be found at length in another column.
La Preece states that the diplomatic note prepared
by M. Guizot, referred to in our correspondence of the
last two days, will not be despatched to London until
Saturday next; and Le Commerce pretends that the
politeness of Lord Normanby in offering his personal
respects to the Duke of Montpensier at the Tuileries,
has excited the high disapprobation of the Foreign-
office in London; and that journal assures the Parisians
that Lord Palmerston has written to all the diplo-
matic agents at present in Paris, and their ladies, not
to present themselves at any of the Ntes or receptions
which will take place this winter at the Tuileries,
until further orders. Galignanis Messenger has
thought it worth while, in very energetic terms, to
contradict this absurdity.
A royal ordonnanee has been issued for the future
regulation of all railways in France, an abridged
account of which will be found elsewhere in our
columns.
The excitement amounting almost to a crisis pro-
duced by the causes alluded to in our former cone-
spondence, begins to be still more unequivocally
manifested among the financial interests, and was
rendered apparent by a
.general decline in all species
of securities on the Paris Bourse on Wednesday. In
the share market it begins to be felt most severely ;
all the railways without exception declined, the North
falling from 636 f. 2Se. to 627 E 60e. ; indeed at one
time during the day these shares fell to 625 f.

Accounts from Rome continue to give the most
glowing picture of the popularity of the Pope and
the enthusiasm of the public. When he appeared,
after the ceremony de possess°, upon the great balcony
of the principal façade of St. John Lateran, with the
triple crown for the first time on his head, a shout of
enthusiasm issued from the multitude which filled the
place and surrounding avenues. "I hear still," writes
an eye-witness, " those bursts of enthusiasm escaping
item a people intoxicated with joy. I still see Aoki
mass of more than 50,000 persons waving their
handkerchiefs and flags. In a moment every voice
is hushed, and that multitude drops on its
knees. The Pope standing erect before his
throne, with extended arms, and demi on his head,
has blessed Rome and the world ; and this solemn
benediction, received with profound emotion, is fol-
lowed by a fresh burst of enthusiasm from the
mixed with the pound of trumpets, the peal o people,
nd the thunder of artillery, ranged upon the green of
the holy cross of Jerusalem."
It was announced the same morning that the Pope
had authorised the execution of four great trunk lines
of railway the first to pass from Rome to the
Neapolitan frontiers, near Criprano ; the second from
Rome to Porto d'Angio ; the third • from Rome to
avita-Vecchia; and thefourth from Rome to Ancona,
and thence to Bologna. •

A gold medal of the value of 200 guineas, is offered
for the easiest and least expensive expedient for mak-
ing a communication between the Umbria and the

The Bordeaux mail et. Monday arrived at Paris on
Wednesday, bringing the Maand mail of the 12th,
but not that of the 13th, which wu due.
Letters from Carthagena of the 9th, were received
in Madrid, mentioning an unusual movement of the
British ships of war. On the ith, the Vanguard, 80, had
arrived, also the Polyphemus, steamer ; the Vanguard
had come from Malaga some hours after the steamer
IVirago, from Gibraltar, cast anchor, the commander
of which, aster a short interview with the captain of
the Vanguard, departed immediately for Malaga.
Other ships were eapeeted at Carthagens.
A committee of the bank of St Ferdinand had a
conference with the Minister of Finance, on the 11th,
to settle the terms on which the bank should advance
the funds necessary for the half years expenses. Ano-
ther conference was appointed, nothing having been
definitively settled.
It was expected that the Madrid Gazette of the
13th would announce the days appointed for the elec-
tion of thedeputies. It was expected that the elections
would terminate on the 16th, In that the representa-
tives might assemble at Madrid on the 25th for the
opening of the legislation. .