The Express.
London, England, 1847-07-24 00:00:00

ght erpreoo.

turn we meet with monster miseries, with millions, i
i‘eving hem-rotting there, and society diaplaying
phenomena more awful than tyrmny, or pestilence,
or war ever produced in the time.
The chief of those ills are from the crowding and
congregation of men', and the dosing up and astral:o-
da., In tow mass', of those vans throagh which
wealth, or small portions of wealth and fortune, should
flow. When veins are so otattricted in the human
body mortification ensues, and, after it, gangrene and
death. What has taken place of late years in Eng-
land and in Ireland is something analogous. The
great characteristic of the parliament which has just
expired was, that it, first of our national assemblies,
became fully alive to the great duties devolving on
the legislature, of meeting, and of providing at any
sacrifice against, the evils which beset our lower
classes, in their crowded, and disorganised, and uncer-
tain state. . .

Some statesmen had the acuteness to perceive, and
the boldness to declare, that philanthropy and economy
in this case were one, and that by a large measure of
relief and cheapness to the poorer, the working, and
consuming climes, the producer and the vendor would
not suffer. The appeal was therefore made to pru-
dence as well as to humanity, to wisdom as to right.
And (how rare the blessing!) the promises of political
theorists have proved correct. All classes, the state
included, have been found to be benefited by a general
measure, which almost all dreaded.
Successful philanthropy has thus been the great
characteristic of the parliament of 1811-7, and the
principle was not only followed out in the main road,
but in collateral paths. Lord ASHLEY'S bills for the
alleviation of the hardships of work—much as we ob-
ject to the principle—with the measures relative to
popular education, are all proof show strongly the feel-
ings of humanity and of sympathy for the working
classes pervade and actuate parliament. And
the views and the acts of the past legislature with
respect to Ireland bear marks of a similar spirit. The
records of its measures for that country will tell that
it sternly refused to sanction any law of coercion,
however much provoked, whilst, at the same time, it
shrunk from no outlay, from no sacrifice, that could
at all be shown to be conducive to the relief or
welfare of the poorer classes of the sister kingdom.
' If the reality of Christian feeling was thus conspicu-
ous in the acts of the last parliament, its liberality
was not less manifest. The grant to Maynooth and
the Dissenters' Chapel Bill showed that the bigotry
which teaches hatred and mistrust between creeds
had declined. And if later circumstances have

awakened the violence of religious intolerance, let
us hope that it is the last gleam of the candle ex-
piring in its socket.
Let it suffice, for the present, thus to mark the
general character of the late parliament and its acts.
lrhe part which individuals and parties played in the
furtherance of these measures is a very different sub-
ject, leading to far different reflections. It would
seem, indeed, as if the great measures we spoke of—
those of free trade and alleviation of the condition of
the earning classes, had progressed and triumphed at
the expense of those who dragged or impelled their
car of triumph. This car of free trade has been
indeed one of JUGGERNAUT to most of those
who held its cords. As to the tories, who were
divided into two bands, the one to impel, the other to
retard, the huge wheels seem to have passed over
and crushed the limbs of both. The liberals, forced
in a great measure to look on, have escaped, whole
indeed, but have seen their character, place and
laurels, usurped and carried off by others.
Thus, although things have advanced in this par-
liament, persons have retrograded. And politicians,
in general have been so hustled, and misplaced, and
maltreated in the struggle, that few know well where
they are, or what they may be worth.

THE canvassing operations of the local party leaders
in Scotland present, to a mere casual observer, the
appearance of a perplexed and unaccountable game
of cross purposes. In one quarter we see the Pre-
mier's brother-in-law running away from an easy
conquest over a conservative to fight a hard and
dubious battle against an nnexceptioaable liberal, and
Lord Jour( HAY politely leaving. the Stanleyite can-
didate for Berwickshire to walk the course. But then,
to compensate for this, we have the organ of the whig
party in Glasgow officially declaring that one of their
number is to contest the Falkirk burghs with Lord
LLNCOLN. In the same spirit of contradiction, we see
Mr. SmoLLErr —a conservative, it is true, but an
accomplished and liberal-minded gentleman, upon
whom has descended no small share of the sagacity
and original humour of his great relative and name-
sake—opposed in Dumbartonshire by some recent
importation from India, ofwhom no one knows anything
except that he professes himself (and in sufficiently
guarded phraseology) a supporter of the present mi-
nisters ; and in Haddingtonehire the whig repre-
sentative of Edinburgh, and his father are under-
stood to countenance the tory scion of the tory house
of WEMYSS against the staunch liberal, Sir DAVID
BAIRD.

MAIM.
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meths el the .
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will lie orb Oar the etas Mt hip
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Zethritill be mimes the evisisiet be Slat rely.
the With Islin mi. be Mexico, }fondants, and
the Binematik male midir=he muming or the 2nd Await.
Mae mile ilir MOW Nee* Ands. Senania. end the UMW
MAW. ten he meth up Meths wipe the Sod Swum.
Ts ethethui mile thit oPinarr IderthOesesel the linden latena.
zaer arr. ohs seguirpin,
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ne tenth kr the Dreaft Ihe Phem rat= TM" PIIIIIIIIM.
=,,Bolde, Meath% wed thoothe Ayres, be imam up on the
ot the ath Sup&

A little patient observation, however, reveals sys-
tem and forethought working out its ends in this
apparent chaos. The local party leaders—the pro-
vincial great men of Scotland—are too well aware
that there is no longer any incompatibility in their
principles. They sec only one objection to a coa-
lition—a serious one enough, it is true, in so far as
they are concerned—that a combined party could em-
ploy only one half of them, and that, consequently,
one half must abdicate those partisan functions to
which they cling for the importance they confer upon
them. These rival politicians are now more than ever
jealous of each other, for they appeal to nearly the
same public ; they are, at the same time, more than
ever sensible of the necessity of preserving external
decorum in their bickering', now that the contest is
becoming so exclusively personal; and the conse-
quence is, that they counter-plot each other while
playing the complaisant associates, end hate with
that most rancorous of hatreds, a civil one.
All their electioneering movements are characterised
by a cautious avoidance of controverted questions,
either theoretical or practical. They think of princi-
ples as Mrs. Slipslop did of the bible—that they are
so sacred that none but infidels would mention them
in promiscuous company. They do not take the
ground as free-traders, or as assertors of the equality
of all sects, or as decidedly opposed to either, but
according as they imagine that by dexterous
management they influence the greatest number of
voters. The whig influence is thrown into the tory
scale in Haddingtonshire, not from any love that its
professors have of the house of WEMTSS, but with a
view to neutralise or dfsarm tory hostility in Rex.
burghshire. Mr. WILSON'S longings to oppose the
Duke of lisnatvon's Peelite son-in-law in Falkirk,
are flattered as long as pourable by the Glasgow
whigs, lest that
_gentleman should take umbrage, and
H go over to the ARM and MACGREGOR camp.
This low system of manccuvring threatens to do ir-
remediable injury to the liberal cause in Scotland.
There, as throughout the United Kingdom, there pre-
vails at present, unluckily, a sad degree of apathy to
great political questions and interests. The ellen/gl-
um of the Reform Bill era has entirely died out—
the combinations formed under its influence have re-
solved into their elements—the mass of the electors are
like vessels left hulling on • waveless sea, without
compare to direct or external aids to move them.
And in this vacillating state their former leaders are
practically inculcating utter scepticism as to great and
generous principles.
To remonstrate against this state of affairs in the
counties (with, perhaps, the exception of Fife) would
be sheer waste of time—even to regret it would be
little better. Notwithstanding the improved spirit be-
ginning to show itself among the tenant-farmers on
the game law and some other questions, there is no
hope for the Scottish counties until, at the least, the
burgh qualification for the franchise is extended to
them. To moot such a question at the present elec-
tion would be premature, but its seeds are sown. The
game-laws are moulding among the electoral class in
the counties the future leaders of such a movement.
With the Scottish counties we must bide our time.
Not so with the Scottish burghs. They have been
ever since the first election under the Reform Bill the
strongholds of honest liberal opinion. Their voters
are an educated class to whom the exercise of the
franchies was entirely new—who came to it with un-
corrupted
minds. Then were none among them
practically acquainted with the venal practices of
" pot-walloper." and "free-men;" and the old narrow
system of nominating representatives for districts of
burghs by self-elected town councils, had afforded no
field for professional electioneering agents. Faults
they have like all men, but the burgh constituencies
of Scotland are infinitely the least tainted with cor.
ruption of any in the empire. They can be kept
pure, and a vigorous effort ought to be made to keep

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LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 24.
PARLIAMENT was prorogued yesterday by her Ma-
jelly in person, with the usual formalities, and in the
evening • supplement to the Gazette announced ita
dissolution.

It iiunderstood that the writs for the new elections
were despatched to all parts of the provinces by the
evening mails, and those for the metropolis and the
metropolitan boroughs direct to the authorities on
whom they are to be served.
In counties, the sheriff must, within two days from
the receipt of the writ, call a county court by procla-
mation, for the purpose of proceeding to the election,
the same to be held within sixteen days, and not
sooner than the tenth day from that on which such
proclamation was issued.
In the case of cities and towns being counties of
themselves, the returning officer must give public
notice of the time and place of election, which must
be holden within eight days of the receipt of the writ,
with three clear days' notice, exclusive of the day of
proclamation and the day appointed for the f7election.
cities, boroughs, and towns (exclusive of the
cities of London and Westminster and the metropo-
litan boroughs), the write are directed to the sheriff
of the county, who within three days must issue pre-
cepts to the proper officers presiding over each elec-
tions, and they must be proceeded with within eight
days after the receipt of the precepts, giving three
clear days' notice at least of holding them, exclusive
of the day of proclamation and the day appointed for
the elections.

The prope; officer of the Cinque Ports is allowed
six days from the receipt of the writ for issuing the
precepts.
The writs are made returnable on the 21st of Sep-
tember, but parliament does not of necessity meet in
consequence. The late parliament did so, but that
arose from the circumstance of its resulting from a
change of administration, the baldness of the previous
session not haying been completed.

WE know not whether one may justly individualise
a parliament, speak of its good and its bad deeds,
and write its epitaph in characters of gold or '
blotches of charcoal. One might have done this of
old, when members bad wills, and interests, and
ideas, and obstinacy, peculiarly their own, or
that of their caste. Before the Reform Bill,
parliaments were decidedly responsible for their
acts, almost, indeed, as much as individual,.
Who can say they are so now P—when the close walls
of both houses have been thrown down, and when
the popular breeze rushes in, with far more effect than
from Dr. REID'S apparatus, to modify the density or
the warmth of the political atmosphere.
A parliament of old was like one of those antique
forests through which paths of unswerving straight-
ness were cut, and into which, entering at one
end, the whole way and the farts= where it
terminates are distinctly seen. Aparliament of the
present:time is a labyrinth into whir no one entering
eau possibly tell the exact line he shall take, or in
what plight he may extricate himself.
It is not that we are more fickle or more dishonest
than our anosstors t but we feel exigencies that they
knew not of—have to deal with demands and dis-
tresses of which they bad no conception. At every

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 24, 1847.

them pure from the corrupting influences to which
we have been adverting.
—We have on a former occaaicas adverted to the com-
bination between the party of the old town council of
Greenock, and that which contrived to step on
' the shoulders of the molar party into their places,
in order to have the independent liberal, Mr. DUNLOP,
rejected in favour of a relation of ministers, who may
be supposed able to have indirect patronage to be-
' stow' The same game has been attempted in Aber-
deen, and under ratty nearly the same pretext—that
tke liberal candidate was a member of the Free
Church. But after hawking the representation of
Aberdeen from door to door through half London—
from bankers to banisters—no bidder was found, and
the opposition, which in the case of Mr.DUNLOP
we have every reason to hope, be found unavailing, will
not even be attempted in the case of Mr. FORDYCE.
In the Stirling burghs, too, a very discreditable
game has been played- by the whig leaders. On the
invitation of public meetings, held in Dunfermline and
Stirling so long ago as September last, Mr. J. B.
SMITH, of Manchester, the first chairman of the
Anti-Corn-law League, was induced to come forward
u a candidate. The Edinburgh whig leader, who,
by his almost proprietary rights in the votes of some
of the smaller burghs in the district, has taken advan-
tage of jealousies between the Stirling and Dunferm-
line electors to constitute himself its lord paramount,
appears to have resented Mr. SMITH'S corning for-
ward as an intrusion upon his domains. Under his
auspices we find first, the retired member, Mr. GI LLON,
resuscitated to oppose Mr. SMITH ; then, after his
death, the gallant brother of a whig sheriff brought
forward for the same purpose ; next Lord DALMENY,
besieged with solicitations to return to the field ;
and, as a last and desperate resource, a young tory
squire, with a whig addrees penned for him by some
experienced hand, presented to the electors. Nothing
is said against Mr. SMITH, as a man or a politician.
It would be difficult, indeed, to find objections to
one to whose happy tact and sedate unwavering firm-
ness the Anti-Corn-law League owed so much while it 11
was in the process of formation ; to one who has not
only promoted sound commercial views by the leading
part he assumed in that great movement, but by those
labours in the Manchester Chamber of Commerce,
which led to the last House of Commons committee of
inquiry on the Bank, and by his evidence before that
committee. From his matured and independent views 1
on monetary questions, based on his practical experi-
ence as a banker, Mr. Sinn's presence in the next
parliament, which must grapple with that subject, is
much to be desired. In support of the juvenile whig,
manufactured impromptu out of a young tory, nothing
can be said. Mr. SMITH'S opponents have therefore
deserted the field of politics for that of theology, and op-
pose him as a unitarian. What Mr. SMITH'S creed may
be we know not, and have no desire to know. The
constitution, as we read it, not only permits, but re-
quires, that men of all creeds should have admission to
the legislature, as the only means of preventing the
adherents of ono from taking undue advantage of the
rest. And if any one sect have at present, or is
likely to have, such a preponderance in point of num-
bers in the House of Commons, as might disturb the
due balance of power, certainly it is not that to which
Mr. SMITH is said to belong. If, therefore, the elec-
tors of the Dunfermline district of burghs reject him
on this plea, they must necessarily incur the charge
of sectarian intolerance—a charge which, unless they
have sadly changed of late years, cannot fail to be
most galling to them. And, more than this, they will
become a standing jest for their gullibility : seeing
that they who are loudest in urging Unita-
rianism against Mr. Smrni, really care nothing
about his religion, and only, seek to keep the burghs
in the leading strings of those who have hitherto
used them ; at the nsk of excluding from parliament
an eminent British merchant, admirably qualified, by
his abilities and knowledge, to take an active and
useful part in the great task of the next parliament—
the confirming and extending the liberation of our
commerce from artificial restrictions.

The Glasgow election as an additional, and, if pos-
sible, still more glaring illustration of the manccuvring
system which threatens to demoralise the Scottish
elections, as also some practical applications to the
Edinburgh election, must be reserved.

TUE politicians, who are about to become oar legis-
litors, for, perhaps, the next seven years, are now in
that state in which considerable impression may be
made upon them by their constituents. Hustings
pledges, and electioneering promises, are of prover-
bially small value, but still a decisive bias may be
given to a member's votes by well directed pressure
upon him at the time of his election. Now then is the
time to impress upon the candidates for seats in the
House of Commons, the serious evils which result from
the existing state of the law of real property. As we
have before frequently urged, the main source of these
evils is the power of settling land upon an unborn
generation. Men are the apparent owners of estates,
they seem to deal with them as their own,
they let and they manage so as to induce
others to deal with them as the owners, and
after a time it turns out that they are bound
by some unseen fetters, some unknown or per-
i haps concealed settlements, which render all these
acts invalid ; and they who have expended money
upon the faith of their landlords' title, find they have
been calculating on moonshine, and founding their
houses on the treacherous sands.

This has been forcibly exemplified by two causes
just tried at the Worcester assizes, before Mr.
Justice ERLE and a special jury. They were
two actions of ejectment brought by Sir THOMAS
SACNDERS SEBRIOHT, Bart., against two leaseholders
by name CHAMBERS and linnets, to recover posses-
sion of the lands respectively held by them
under leases granted by the late Sir JOHN
SEBRIOHT, the plaintiff's father. Several other
actions had been brought against other leaseholders
holding other lands under similar leases; but these
two only had been set down for trial, inasmuch as all
depended upon the same question, namely, the power
of the late Sir JOHN Seemotrr to grant the leases.
The late Sir JOHN SEBRIOHT married in 1793, in his
father's lifetime, and on that occasion covenanted that,
upon his father's death, he would settle his estate in
the usual manner in strict settlement ; that is, to him-
self for life only with remainder to his first and
other sons. That settlement was accordingly exe-
cuted in 1795, :when the grandfather of the present
baronet died. It seems that Sir JOHN SEBRIGHT
soon experienced, practically, the inconvenience of the
system of settlement into which, by the pride of
his caste, he had fallen, for a large part of
his estate, near the city of Worcester, then
consisted of waste land of little value, in its
then state, but which, by means of long leases,
was capable of being greatly improved. As was na-
tural, Sir JOHN SEBRIOHT wished to avail himself of
the only existing means of making his property pro-
ductive : and accordingly, in 1801, he granted out the
lands for three lives, with covenants of renewal. The
lands were actually described in the leases as waste
and valueless ; yet the tenants paid considerable sums
of money to Sir JOHN as premiums for their leases.
Some of these leases were renewed by Sir JOHN SE-
BRIGHT in 1826 ; and the whole mass of property,
which in 1801 was "waste and valueless," and to re-
cover which the present baronet brings his actions, has
been so much improved by the cultivation and build-
ings of the tenants, as to be worth more than 20,0001.
Sir JOHN SEBRIOHT, however, having made a
settlement of his Mate upon an unborn
son, had no legal power to grant such
leases, and on his death, in 1844, his son, Sir
THOMAS S. SEBRIGHT, puts in force the law to coals-
cabs the capital, which the industrious lesaeholders had
expended upon the land in reliance on his father's
lhanesty and good faith. From 1801 to 1826 the
property was held by the leaseholders without inter-
ruption ; in the latter year the leases were renewed—
heavy fines and expensive leases having been paid by
the tenants—by the family solicitors, and all looked
fair and regular. Yet the fairness and regularity
were in appearance only. Sir JOHN SERRIOHT, of
course, well knew that be had no power to grant the
leases for which be pocketed the tenants' money ; the
solicitors also must have been aware that on the
death of Sir JOHN the leases were not worth
the parchment they were written upon, yet fines were
received, long and costly leases were vely deli-
vered, and the tenants were encouraged to exhaust
their means and misapply their industry in improve-
Iments, the possession of which, though unknown
to them, depended on the life of a frail old man.
They had no means of protecting themselves against
what cannot be called anything bat a fraud. For a
tenant to inquire into his landlord's title to grant a
lease is a thing so unusual, that it would be resented
by the landlord as an insult ; and there is no public
register of titles, as there is in nearly every other

civilised country, to which the tenant could resort for
information. Re therefore could only depend upon
tho good faith of his landlord. What that depend-
ence was in this case, the reader will see. During
the progress of the cause, the counsel of Sir THOMAS
SEBRIGIIT, feeling some twinge of shame for the case
it was their duty to advocate, threw out the sugges-
tion that the late Sir Joust had left all his personal
estate to his executors, and nothing to his heir, and that
the lessees might recover from the executors com-
pensation for the loss sustained by the father's fraud.
And the following dialogue ensued :
Mr. Godson (the plaintiff's counsel): I know that Sir
Thomas will give every assistance against the personal
estate.—Mr. Whateley (the defendant's counsel): Does that
mean that Sir Thomas will indemnify Sarah Chambers ?
Mr. Godson : no.—Mr. Whateley Then what does it
mean? Nothing?—His lordship: Hr. Godson, you have
no authority to propose such a thing from Sir Thomas ?
Mr. Godson : No, my lord. —His lordship: 1 am sorry for
it, but we can't help it; you must go on in the ordinary
course, Mr. Whateley.
Not only was there no aid from the son, but the
father had taken special care, by the form of his
covenants in the leases, that his personal estate, which
had been increased by the premiums paid by the
tenants, should not become liable for compensation
should they be ejected. On referring to the covenant,
it appeared that Sir JOIN SEBRIGHT bad only war-
ranted the title to his tenants against his successors
"so far as he might or could bar them :" that is, he
gave no warranty at all, for he had no power, and he
knew, and his advisers knew, that he had no
power whatever "to bar them." The judge, in
summing up, told the jury that, however hard
it might be upon the defendant, the strict
Grin was with the plaintiff, and that they ought to
decide accordingly. They did so, and • appended to
their verdict " the hope that the plaintiff would make
some compensation to the lessee." Of that recom-
mendation being attended to there is no chance. In
the action against HARRIS a verdict was then sub-
mitted to by the defendant without resistance. The
value of the property abstracted from the tenants by
these two actions is stated to be about 9,000/. With
the landlord morality involved in and illustrated by
these cases we shall not deal : but can a state of law
which permits, nay, encourages, such grievous wrongs,
be suffered much longer to exist ? We tell the liberal
electors of the kingdom that now is the time to press
this subject on the attention of legislators.

He therefore demanded of M. Ochsenbein whether
he would consent to lay it before the Vo
or the diet. M. Ochsenbem having refused to do
no, M. Bois le Comte answered that in that
case he would publish the note, to which M. Ochaen.
bcin rejoined, " It is not for me to tell you what you
are to do, or not to do, but I reserve to myself the full
liberty of action." On this, M. Bois le Comte rose,
spoke again of the allied powers, and said that the
president might find himself mistaken as to the inter.
vention of the powers. "EA lien !" replied the pre.
sident, "si ks puissance. alliees reulent
simar ra-
banque, now jotterona avec elks." And so the inter.
view terminated. Such is the representation of this
interview given by L'Ami de la Constitution, at
Berne, of the 19th Inst.

Advices received from Rome to the 10th instant, in
private letters, say that the Pope has succeeded in
bringing about a reconcidation between Cardinal
Gizzi, and the Under-Secretary of State, Corbali, in
consequence of which the former will continue inoffice.

THE present state of affairs in China is not likely to
dull the keen interest felt in the various proposals
made for accelerating the Indian overland mail, and
ensuring certainty of delivery.
The superiority of the Trieste route over that by
Marseilles, in respect of celerity, bas been proved by
experiments with which the Daily News had the
honour to be associated. But the Trieste route, as
well as that of Marseilles, labours, in respect of cer-
tainty of delivery, under the disadvantage of being
under the control of one of the great European
powers. In this respect the balance is, if anything,
against the Trieste route; for not only is it a mere
substitution of dependence upon the good will of
Austria for that of France, but while British steamers
are employed to Marseilles, Austrian steamers alone
are to be used to Trieste.
This

might be sufficient to invite a
favourable attention to the claims of the route by
Genoa, even were the other two routes equal to it in
every other point of view. The Sardinian government
has of late made steady and judicious advances in the
direction of a free-trade policy. The Swiss and Sardi-
nian governments maintain a good understanding, the
basis of which is their community of sentiment in
respect to commercial policy. The Bavarian govern-
ment and the Flats riverains of the Rhine are quite
alive to the importance of carrying the great
central route of European traffic through their
territories. A great highway of commerce com-
bining these minor states into one common
interest, and identifying that interest with
England, passing (as it would) midway between the
territories of France and Austria, is precisely what
this country wants.
But to make such combinations of states as is here
contemplated permanent and efficacious there must
be a real and natural community of interest at the
bottom of them. Commerce will follow the most
direct and convenient route, apart from political con-
siderations. If the Genoa route is really the best
for linking the west of Europe to Asia, it will
be the means of consolidating a union among
the states we have named most important for the
balance of rower and the liberties of Europe; if it is
not, no conventions on the part of these states can
give it the preference over the others.
The comparative natural advantages of the Mar-
seilles and Trieste routes having already been ascer-
tained, we need only at present compare that of Genoa
with the one decided to be preferable. First, with
regard to the sea voyage :
The difficulties of the navigation of the Adriatic,
and the uncertainty of access to the port of Trieste,
from the winds which sweep down from the Karst
mountains, are well known. The sea passage to
Genoa is more certain and regular, and its harbour is
easy of approach, and the landing safe at all seasons.
In respect of distance and the time required to effect
the passage, the route from Alexandria to Genoa and
that from Alexandria to Trieste are about equal.
With regard to the land journey, the advantages of
the Genoa route are obvious. At present the distance
from Genoa to London by Bellinzona, Lucerne, and
Mayenco is 898 miles, one-third of which is performed
by railway, and 34 miles of which is mountain tra-
velling. It can be performed in 72 hours or, allow-
ing 5 for delays, in 77. The distance from Trieste to
London, by Inapruck and Mayence, is 945 miles,
which may be performed according to estimate in 96
hours; which in one trip was actually performed in
97 hours, an average of 6 trips giving 106 hours.
On this route one-twelfth of the travelling is by rail,
and 100 miles over mountains. This is the present
comparative state of these lines. In 1849 the Genoa
route will be shortened to 886 miles, the time to 62
hours; the Trieste to 926 miles, and 82 hours. If
the projected railway extensions on the two
routes be completed, as expected, in 1852,
the distance from Genoa to London will be 946 miles,
but this will be effected in 54 hours: the distance
from Trieste to London, 1,164 miles, in 65 hours. In
the land part of the journey the advantage which
the Genoa route has it is sure to maintain. The
quickest journey from Alexandria to Trieste was
performed in 9 days 21 hours, on an average of six
trips 10 days 121 hours were required; by Genoa it
can be accomplished in 8 days and 17 hours. In
1849 the Genoa route will occupy 8 days 13 hours,
the Trieste 9 days 9 hours. In 185 d, supposing
everything effected that is now mere projection, the
Genoa route will be accomplished in 8 days 5 hours,
that by Trieste in 8 days 16 hours. But who can
say how much the journey from Alexandria to the
Sardinian territories may have been shortened and
accelerated ere that time, by the development of the
railway system in tke Roman States?

A portion of the following foreign news appeared
in part of our yesterday's impression.
The journals of Paris and the despatches of our cor-
respondent of Thursday have arrived, but are without
interest for the English public.

Advices from Berne have been received to the 18th
instant, and have brought a report of an important
interview which has taken place between the presi-
dent of the diet and the French ambassador, at which
the note of M. Gairat, which we gave at length a few
days since, was the subject of &Erasion. 11i. Och-
senbein is reported to have said to M. Bois le Cemte,
after the reading of M. °turas note was concluded,
that the arguments of the French Minister of Foreign
Affairs were based on false principles. In the first
place, M. Ochsenbein maintains that the treaties of
Paris and Vienna were not made, as M. Guisot ea-
flumes, with the twenty-two cantons, but with the S wise
confederacy itaelL It is equally untrue that the con-
tracting powers have treated with Switzerland on
the condition that the federal and cantonal in-
stitutions should be maintained unaltered, for
not only does the acknowledgment of the in-
dependence of Switzerland involve the admis-
sion of her right to revise the federal pact and the
cantonal institutions, but the powers themselves have
formally acknowledged this on that occasion. M.
Ocheenbein, in fine, declared expressly and
red
edly that Switzerland would never consent tot
foreign powers to meddle in her internal affairs, and
she denied that any foreign power or any minority of
the cantons had the right of interpreting the federal
pact. This right belongs only to the diet. M. Bois
to Comte, on hearing these observations, saw that M.
Ochsenbein was not disposed to receive the note of ,
M. Onisot, or to communicate it to the authorities.

We have received the Madrid mails of the 17th
inst., with the letter of our own correspondent,
which we give below. The prince-consort was to
return to Madrid, to inhabit the palace, on the day
after that on which the queen left for La Granja.
Supplies of specie continued to arrive at the
Bank of St. Ferdinand, the shares of which
had recovered from the depression caused by the
late run upon it. On the morning of the 16th,
two waggons, loaded, had arrived under a military
escort from Bayonne, bringing specie to the amount
of ten millions of reals. Supplies had also arrived from
different parts of the Peninsula.

MADRID, JULY 17.
The Faro published yesterday some fragments of
diplomatic correspondence between the President of the
Council and the English and l'ortuguese Ambassadon at
Madrid, relative to intervention in Portugal. Perhaps the
: form in which these documents have been publicly n pro-
-1 duced is not much more honest than the means by which
they must have been obtained. The Gazelle of to-day offi-
cially denies the accuracy either of the originals consulted by
the Faro, or of the translations; and promises an authentic
copy of the whole correspondence without delay. Meanwhile
there is little in these fragments to interest English realm.
The Faro deduces from them the following conclusions,
all of which are very creditable to our diplomacy,
although framed to damage the Spanish ministry in the
eyes of their country. 1. The Conde de Thomar ap-
plied on the 17th of April, after Se da Bandeirs's
junction near Setubal, with Count Mello, in most urgent
terms for the intervention of Spanish troops. Thi;
applica-
tion was rejected by Senor Pacheco; for not a Spanish
soldier stirred till after the protocol of May. 2. Senor
Pachece, on April 12, accepted the proposals dictated by Mr.
Bulwer, that instructions should be sent to Senor Ayllon to
insist upon the court and junta accepting the terms of accom-
modation proposed by the English minister at Lisbon; and
that Spanish forces should be assembled on the frontier in
the numbers and positions indicated by England. 3. That
Senor Pacheco had promised to Mr. Bulwer that nothing
should be done without the consent of England. 4. That
the Conde de Thomar had applied for the formation ofa
legion of volunteers and been refused. The last two heeds
of accusation are proved from a despatch of Mr. Bulwer's to
Lord Palmerston, dated April 6.
The Cabecilla Calvente, reported dead by the Gazelle some
days ago, has come to life again in the mountains of Mamie,
from whence he addresses a letter to the Clamor, declaring
that the details of his route on the left bank of the Tams, in
the province of Toledo, by Col. Santiago, are a mere flourish
of the Genette, that the soldiers may indeed have picked up
a rusty musket in their marches, but that himself and all
his band, who were given out for dead and wounded, are all
sound in limb and wind, and ready as ever to do combat for
El Rey yla Religion. The facts that the doings of the
Carlisle all over the country are of a very serious description,
and very little dependence can be placed upon what Calvente
calls the flourishes of the Gazelle. The rebels multiply in
all quarters, levy black mail, stop coaches, burn correspond-
ence, throw down the pillars of the constitution, and com-
mit every sort of disturbance and excess. We hare just
learned today that the Valencia mail has been stopped and
burned by the insurgents near Villafranca. Three passer.-
germ by it were not molested.
Among persons likely to succeed Mendez Vigo as captain-
general of Galicia, Senors Chacon and Azerve are talked of.
The papers contain the answer of the fiscal to the plea of
Senor Demander, the advocate of La Rive, demurring to
the competency of the tribunal of First Instance, by which
the cause was first tried.
The Queen starts this afternoon for San Ildefonso.

RUSSIA.—ST. PETERSBURG, JULY 13.—We hare
jtut received • report of the operations in the Cana-
sus, which opens with en account of the failure of the
storming of the fortified village of Gengebil, in Onhestan,
on the part of the Russians. Count Woronzow him-elf led
the attack, which consisted of ten battalions of infantry,
several divisions of dragoons, Cossacks, and militia. The
commanding generals under him wore Count Angutinske I)ol-
gorwiki, Count Belntow Kotzebue,S:e. The attack was made
after lengthened preparations, and after several breaches had
been made on the previous day. On the morning of the 16th
June two columns, one under the command of Colonel
Orbeliam, penetrated simultaneously into the village, but at
length, though supported by the reserve, were driven
back by the Murides, and were compelled to retreat
into the camp, whither the second column, commanded by
Col. Jcudokimow, was alto commanded to retire without
having been able to penetrate even as far as the first column.
The encounter is described as sanguinary in the extreme.
The mountaineers permitted the Russian troops to come
close to the walls before they opened their fire, and when the
latter had forced their way into the interior of the village,
they found unloeked•for obstacles; for example, &gement.;
concealed in the earth, from which a deadly fire was dis-
charged, fortified caverns, dwellings which were covered
with sham roofs ,and which gave way beneath the besiegers,
who clambered upon them and fell upon the swords of the
Merida. The obstinate defence of the mountaineers
convinced Count Woronzow that the place can only
be taken by the irresistible force of artillery, and
he has, therefore, for the present, given up any
further attack upon Gengebil. There fell in the fight of the
16th June, two majors six superior officers, and 119 privates
—wounded, 28 staff and superior officers, and 463 privates.
FRENCH COLONIES.—MARTINiQrs.—The or-
dinary session of the colonial council was opened on the 17th
of June, at Saint-Pierre, by the governor, Capt. Mathieu.
In his opening address, Captain Mathieu stated that the ex-
pectations he had expressed last year of the change in the
position of the labouring clan being effected without danger
or disturbance, had been fully realized. He had visited all
the communes and entered the dwellings, and found the
slaves in the enyment of what law had awarded them, and
the supply of labour not perceptibly diminished. Isolated
exceptions had unluckily occurred ; they were to be rered,
but he protested against the general society being nein re-
sponsible for the crimes of individuals. The correctuess el
his statements had been questioned, but, in conscious vera-
city, he despised the attacks made upon him. He was
happy to intimate that the construction of bridges over
the principal rivers was in active progress. Among the
bills about to be submitted to them, the foremost were
thoseirired to give full effect to the law of July 18, 1845
(for gradual emancipation). The accounts of the year 1848
woad be laid before them preparatory to asking votes for
extraordinary and supplementary credits. The budget of
1848 would be submitted for discussion : funds would be re-
gaited for the central factories to be established, in make-
mity with the ordinance of June 4, 1846 ; and the govern-
ment remit to ask them to re-establish taxation on am
same basis as before 1839. No further amounts have hem
received of the proceedings in the council though dotal to
26th June have come to hand.
GUeDALOUPE.—The ordinary session of the Colonial
Council was opened at Besse-Terre, by the Governor, Cap-
tain Loyd., on the 17th of June. In his opening addrew
the governor stated that he had assembled the council
later than usual, to allow time for the completion of the
crop. He trusted the abundance of the crop would com-
pensate for the deficiency of the preceding year, and es-
regret that the diversion of so many national vessels
es-
pressed usual course, in consequence of the warty td
grain in the mother country, should have interposed difficul-
ties in the way of shipment. The crop bad been got is
without difficulty, which ought to calm exaggerated Fars
respecting the future supply of labour. The budget d
receipts and expenses for 1847 would again be promoted to
them ; and he hoped that the measures taken by WWl'
aunt, while denied the co-operatien of the council, Wald
meet with their approbation. The question respect* tie
fund for invalids, which had occasioned their Morn
with the goverment, had been decided in Imo a
the colony. The vele ef ale council eepecting the Lbw
of slaves bad sot bens enellnoed by ther crown : the midi&
cations is Mt vote ingested by the Minister of Marine
~..would, he herd, be asesdod to.& be
had reason to Moe
'hair "th
" e peed et bode woeld
oontleseed. Ze particular Meadow to the morn*
Awe! le
iliaetalmiNd der the oetahhalment ga•lt_s
intradm eta geed epee= of prim &SWIM ••• •••'
raking id the weermary rands. The allusion!" di abelmet
to the latenapted suelea of 1847 will Me irwinall
readers that tie Oaludal Coma of Guadabse_lll4
in two successive eledeaa Dm brought to • a••••"--,,
tare Mom by the rated et mmehata to ateeeL
had veep nearly be Se serewee. The 111011."
edam was delivered to a make amber SO'
been the. h required to form • quorum : the Net
was eaageeded at its close till three others wired, and en-
abled thaw
Magicios with hailsem. Gem. habitat wee rhos
he vehemently
lass $••••d lweegblleassiPsichthe colemille in the Chlikbir„
oi__l:l•Pothe. •eel hie eager" to Pei's'''. Nc,
Pam d gresermiee andleeellea el mew beetitutimm
throe mwehem appointed a etammittee le bad • NOY We*
(oversees address were all memimate--lelt sea Ploir
mars thew •

THE REAL AND THZ IDlUL—Baron 114"2111,...
=immensely rich, is amolsoolitrg_wittL•
....i.'" ea
upon rossatly to stos • •10•••• it '"'''''.....
the Mail, wiles le " I omit glvOrt •
&edit", um* tbaa th, :—.4b. sod is tlio ear-
not pasta of MI o Spanish book whisk tis web,
to illpiemi ts final." The tom soy to soot
"as et rwig7 letiboblor at *a ososlos &lia. :.
Positi.

IiaRAH SANDWAND WASHOOTON STEAMERS.
Abe Itaissee, wird at Cork from Boston, kas spoken
gia Sank Beads and Waddmgeas alsoadhipa. Bh
tes Comer on the dth lest., lat. 43 dig. 49ea., big.s
45 p. 30s. (12 dais on: from Cork) ; sad the latter on th
03 fd Ist. 50 def. 30m., long. Istetiegn. (3 asp 6044:
Feadaggt*• B°4111"*.15 the westward.

ebt Court.
The Queen went in state yesterday to the House
Lod', to close the session of parliament with a speech
1„0. the throes. The royal procession was formed in the
wee* order A carriage drawn by six bays, conveying
on Gentlemen Ushers, Str F. Smith, Mr. A. Blackwood,
ink Nu A. Montgomery ; the Eton of the Yeoman Guard,
Caps Kincaid ; and the Page of Honour, Mr. Gordon. A
;Any drawn by a set of bays, conveying the Equerry in
Voided to PT'
ace Albert, Capt. the Hon. A. H. Gordon -
Me Groom of the Robes, Lieut.-Col. Seymour ; the Silver
Stiekis angieg, Col. M'Douall ; the Groom in Waiting,
Mt& G. Gore; and the Page of Honour, Mr. Forbes. A
eung. draws by six hays, conveying the Clerk Marshal,
yeti d. Pert ; the Equerry in Waiting, Col. Buckley ;
the pull Officer in Waiting, Col. Sir 0. Hanyman ; and
eye comptroller of the Household, Lord M. Mill. A carriage
or„„, ey sat oibays, conveying the Captain of the Yeoman
Nun, Viscount Falkland ; the Lord in Waiting, the Earl of
Kegley; the Lord in Waiting to the Prince, Vieeount
ofda ; nog thaldiresaururer of the Household, Lord R.
Omar& • , drawn by six black homes, convey-
e*ts tee Milting. the Countess of Mount Edgcumbe,
dm.guonseen Earl Forteecue, the Gold Stick in Wait-
*, tb, affirail of Anglesey, and the Groom of the Stole to
tb. Nob the Marquis of Abereorn. The Queen's Marshal-
s., t.,, uid two. The Queen's Footmen. A party of the
Tiara Gaud. The state coach, conveying her Majesty
*Quo, prince Albert, the Mistress of the Robes, the
nears of Satherlsnd, and the Master of the Horse, the
pale of Norfolk. The Queen and Prince Albert were con.
kcal to their carriage by the Lord Chamberlain and the
vies-Chamberlain. The state procession left Buckingham
p.t by the temporary garden entrance, at twee/ minutes
before two, escorted by a party of Life Guards. The crown
T. storeyed to the House of Lords by Sir. W. Martins,
Outlaw Usher. Her Majesty and Prince Albert, attended
be the royal suite, returned to Buckingham Palace at five
cents past three, and were received by the Lord Chamber-
lain sod ice-Chamberlain.T
The Queen held a Privy Council at half-put three
0.4. a. It was attended Prince Albert, the Lord Presi-
pent tbe Lord Chancellor, the Lord Privy Seal, the First
lord a the Treasury, the Secretaries of State for the Home,
foreign, and Colonial Departments, the Chancellor of the
Kemerer, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, the
ChieCommivioner of the Woods and Forests, the Pay-
✓ear of the Forces, the Lord Steward, the Lord Chamber-
lin, the Matter of the Horse, and the Groom of the Stole to
Prince Albert. At the Council a proclamation wee ordered
tele aged for the dissolution of Parliament. The Hon.
Wslius Bathurst was the Clerk of the Council in Waiting.
The Qom gave audiences leiglis Marquis of Lansdowne and
ladJ. Basall. The comrlatrattesided by the Marquis of
Lim
Gold Stick in ; the Earl of M.vley,
aing ; the Trusser the Household, the Vice-
Camberlain, the Comptroller of the Household, and Mr.
3. Ormsby Gore, Groom in Waiting.
The Queen and Prince Albert honoured the French
pler with their presence last evening. The royal suite
waisted of the Countess of Mount Edgeumbe, Hon. Miss
Kaideeald, the Earl of Morley, Colonel Buckley, and Lieut.-
fel. Seymour.
The Q11111:21 Dowager, attended by her suite, re-
tuned to bar residence, Bushy-house, Bushy-park, on
Dam* eight, from town.
DEPART:ME OF THE Drsz AND DECTIESS OF
CIISEDOE FOR GERMANY.—The Duke and Duchess of
Cal:ridge, accompanied by the Princess Mary, took their
demean by a special train from the Bricklayers' Arms An.
to el the:South Eastern Railway at 11 o'clock yesterday
aming. The royal party were received at the station by
Goma Tyndale, one of the director', and Mr. James Wal-
ler.raprriatendent of the line, who accompanied the train
to Direr. The company's state-carriage was used for the
wain. The train performed the distance through to Dover
lone° hours and a half; on its arrival at Dover station, •
rood of honour of the S9th Regiment received the royal
pet;, and the regimental band struck up " God save the
Qum;" at the same moment a royal salute was fired from
tie heights. Their royal highnesses embarked in H.M.
reamer Garland at half-pat 4 for Ostend.
THE QrEEN'S VISFF TO SCOTLAND. The whole
Illuireleab for the royal visit to Scotland may now be
mid to be complete. The Duke of Norfolk has been selected
✓elief officer on this occasion, and the arrangements have
been made by his grace's instructions. Her Majesty, accom-
panied by the royal consort and the two elder children, will
mil from Cowes on the 10th of August ; the grouse shooting
commencing en the 12th of the month. The royal cortige
ell consist of the Duke and Duchess of Norfolk, Earl Grey,
two equerries, and one maid of honour. The carriages,
banes, and domestics will proceed in one of the Inverness
✓oomers from Woolwich. The royal yacht will sail direct
hem Cowes to the Caledonian Canal, and proceed to Fort
Gear, where they will disembark. and travel by land to
Irtheritrie, the lodge of the Marquis of Abercorn on
Leh Laren, about thirty-two miles distant. This
"shooting box" is calculated to afford but small accommo-
dation, so that in order to procure what more may be sess-
✓rya small inn adjoining has been secured, end limeades
mum tents will be erected. Prince Leiningen will join the
party soon after their arrival, and Earl Grey, after remaining
an days, will be relieved by Lord Palmerston. The grouse
shooting in the locality s considered the hest in Soot
lad, and on an average 3,000 brace are killed annually.
There is aloe excellent fishing upon the lake of Langan. It
understood that the royal party will visit Lord M'Donald
et the ancient residence of his family on the Isle of Skye,
lad Pennine at the Castle of Brechin, and several other of
Mt nobility and gentry. This royal visit to Scotland will
extend from one month to six weeks.

(From teat night's Gazette.)
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, JULY 22.—This day the
Right lion. W. S. Lasoelles and the Right Hon. Sir W. M.
&wangle, Bart., were swims of her Majesty's Privy
Cotacil, and took their respective places at the board ac-
cordingly. Her Majesty in Council was this day pleased to
appoint the Right Hon. H. Labouchere President of the
Committee of Council appointed for the consideration of all
natters relating to Trade and Foreign Plantations. Her
Majeety having been pleased to appoint the Right lion. G.
W. F. Howard, commonly called Viscount Morpeth, to be
leed•Lieutenant and Custos Heti'lomat of the East Riding
d York, kis lordship this day took the oaths appointed
b be taken thereupon, instead of the oaths of allegiance
AM wapeemacy.
pt.
WAR OFFICE, Jriv St.
Illi Drag. CAL E. M'Eroy to be lieu., by p
Omer, who rek ; J. J. W. Fredericks, te be carnet, by pmo.x., rim V.
itli F.—Qoartmp.as.-Serg. It. Webster to be qaartmea, visa W. 7111er,
Mori
siert. mon It.
Rh E—Eris. IL. J. Made, from 30th F., to Ma se, rtes Hlbbert,
Oh F.—Lint. A. E. C. Forster, from sth P., to be lieut., site
Donk w to kit It F. •
MO F.—Esk E. G. Illbbert, from 24th P., to be mu, sloe Riede,
Monti
ItsdP.—lerg..Major J. Lindsay to be quartmas., vice W. Hume,
Me eit. sem L p.
M leet
1961.—fugmes. H. Y. New bee been eapemeded for being absent
bork
latilidg.-111e. Lieut. A. de V. Visct. Malden to be first lieut. by
%inhaler R. Tyrwbitt, Bart., who ret.; A. Warren to be me. I
WM.
ms beg—See. Lieut. G. B. Tars= to be Mt lieut., by
.Me boa% wberet. ; Kim. W. C. Bruce, ham Cape Mounted
4
le Is maw& by par 2
likatis.-3. Davies to be ens., by par., riee:Botee,
46tht.... W....,Lt....* Lg.
W. Home, from 7lnd F., to be town adj. of
ersam, site Campbell, dee.

&MEADE OP THE DOUItO.-lAst night's Gazette
!Mar the following, dated Foreign-othoe, July 21 :—" It
Web; argilled that her Majesty's Principe] Secretary of
kb it Foreign Affain hes received a despatch, dated the
Mat., from Sir Hamilton Seymour, her Majesty's envoy
eilistadiaary tad minister plenipotentiary at Lisbon, cos-
* a decree of the Queen of Portugal, of which the fol-
io a trenalation : —" Decree. The motives having
lee which the bar of the river Douro was declared in
tested blockade, under decree of the 20th of October last,
I nrifleeled to cause it to be published that the town of
oSsati, epee to navigation, as it wee previously to that
_nook ag also all other ports in the river Douro. The
7.onesi fut, of the several departments shall so per it to
esseeted, 4c.—(Yams regia) PAINFUL. Countersignednl the miakters. Palau of Neasokbelas, Jul
LSO'S COLLEGE.—The asw hall at this college
• thenged yesterday by • numneeme estopsapr,
Vag birds of the students, who,amalheatowham the
rag distribution of prizes, by Sir agiMet_ lagih, who Ple•
tied st see p • to the abathesioa a raise
M Negations were delivered from
dacha, Virgil, Arietrapheass. 5.611.01/1
tin of the English amis. The unaer whisk they
'us reedired reflected no lea whit 'pea the esters than
Bake
prefeeers of that branch of
insexuatien.
RIOET OP THE BISHOPS TO A SEAT IN THE HOUSE
~lhrs.—Ries the debate on the Manchester Bishopric
the Attorney-Cieneral is stated In you paper to have
7▪ s„ se 19th test.. " It was a mistake to /suppose that the
Wut in the House of Lord, by any legal right they
Sray by custom." As far as regards the Bishop of
,
erMt the is incorrect. Canute founded the Abbey cif et.
of Holme about 1028, which was a mitred stbbej,
tl tie abbot had of right • meat in the Mare of
.4141 'nth say peer. In the Bth of Elia., sheet 1651, a
—.aft the ancient charters of teemle a lark sea
%au
.411 the Abbey of St. Bennett of
sr "swoon
of Norwich, was made tentriheabal"
hr* ; sad he is the rely bishop 'ohs are it M
ir.,* tight of his 'as of • mitred abbey.—Preat
tirLee ei of Yr. A. arrison's Account of the See, in the
NanriCh Palace, written 1617.—P.
-OPPICE ORDERS. was stated by the
ull.b he the ce, in the trial of Felix Quin, for
e_Pen-ol=fller (reported to-day under the head of
Ttarceit), that during the mat year the sum esteem
rued through the money-orda edge of that 'stab-
TO THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND TOWER.
1110448Ntaq return. issued yesterday, shows that
leg. regal_ vested the British Museum during the year
was 760,601 inspected the general collections,
iitinedied in the library, 4,126 visited the sculpture gal .1
4,290 the priat-room : 52,287 went over the Tower.
CHINESE JUNK.—The junk Keying, whose
hira oeuntry has excited sows interest, was spoken
une lone, lat. 28 N. long. 61 W., by the Urania,
▪ Of Felatouth. The crew of the junk were in great
seri sad were bearing her up for the AMenean
%0 prows s supply.

ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
NORTHAMPTON, FRIDAT.—The concluding general
meeting of the society was held to-day in the Coen -hall.
The Earl of Egmont having taken the chair,
conveying the thaake of the society to the mayor sat teeps-
ration of -Northamptoo, the late mayor (J. Gress, log.),
to the several loeel committees, and to the railway a
nit* woo bad furthered the objectsobjectsof the society bM
facilities they had afforded for the conveyance of Mock mod
implements to and from the show free of charge, were MITF
rally put and carried.
Mr. R. BARRER then 110114 dMI thank' of the minty to
their noble president for the sititt impartiality, Zdsad
kind condescension he had namillaMed during his of
office. The motion having hem oseemiest by the aim of
Northampton, the Earl el Riont leß abs sick, and the
Earl of Yarborough having been onnineled to It, pat the
resolution, which was carried amid rem' applause.
The Earl of Economy could not segletently express his
gratitude for the flattering manner in which this resolution
had been received. To the best of his ability he had, as
their president, carried out the objects of the society—(hear,
hear)—and he assured them that, on all occasions, those
objects should have his most ardent support.
Lord PORTMAN then claimed for the new president the
same supped and co-operation which Lord Elgin had re-
eeived last year, and he, himself, received the year before,
and the business et the meeting of 1847 was declared to be
terminated.

}rem what we have already stated, it may be readily con-
ceived that this bee been ono of the most successful meetings
since the establishment of the society, as well in regard to
the high breeding of the stock, the superiotity of the
implements, es the number of visitors, and the money
received. The receipts amounted to between 2,0001. and
3,0001., and the number at visitors may be judged of from the
fact that on one day (Thursday) 23,000 paid for admiesion to the
show. The sale of stock and implements was also considerable,
One implement•maker, we are informed, received orders on
the ground to the extent of between 1,2001. and 1,300!. As
we stated yesterday, the railway trains were sufficiently em-
ployed all day in bringing the visitors to Northampton, and
we may add, that although the carriages of all dames were
crowded, inconveniently so, considering the weather, every
accommodation was afforded. But the great difficulty was,
how to carry the people back. They had arrived at various
times, and in detachments, but the actual business of the
meeting being concluded with the stock show and the dinner
yesterday, all were anxious to go away at the same time.
The train which appeared to be the most convenient for the
majority of those who resided in London, or in the
vicinity of the North-Western or Midland Counties' line,
was that which should leave Northampton at half-past
eight; and, accordingly, long before that hour, not only the
platform and the station, but the entrance-yard, and even the
road outside the gates, was crowded with a number that ap-
peared far beyond the capabilities of any railway to find car-
riages for. The scene on the line was a novel one—the
train, which consisted of an ordinary number of carriages,
was filled to exam—not only was the inside of every car-
riage packed like the hold of a slave-ship, but the roofs, the
steps, and almost the buffers, were crowded with human
beings of both sexes, end of all ages, from the infant
to the sexagenarian. The efforts of the police to clear
the outside of the carriages were futile, and as rail-
ways are not constructed with any regard to the
safety of outside passengers, the only alternative was,
to send on the engine which had been destined to give mo-
tion to the train, to Blisworth, for more carriages. A
supply shortly arrived, but before they had reached the
station they were filled, the people having met them and
taken possession, despite of guards and policemen. Again
was the engine despatched for carriages, and again they
were filled, though hundreds were left behind, the train by
this time presenting the appearance of a long line of huts or
' low houses, one end of which could scarcely be seen from
the other. It was not until half an hour after its time that
the train got away, and it did not arrive in London until
nearly two o'clock, its usual hour of arrival being eleven.
In reference to the partiality on the part of some person
in an official position in the society, complained of in our
report of yesterday's proceedings, it is proper to state that
the council have, by a resolution, disclaimed having had any
share in such a practical injustice, and expressed their deter-
mination to take steps to prevent a recurrence of any ground
of complaint on that score for the future.

ELECTION INTELLIGENCE.
_ TILE METROPOLIS_

Cirr or LowooN7-Tie-disCrieclidreral committees are
all well attended and, last evening, a general meeting of
the members of those committees was held at the central
committee-rooms, King-street, at which the most gratifying
statements were submitted. Nor let it be supposed that the
conservative, are at all idle. Had we no other evidence of their
activity, the numerous false and absurd reports which assail
us in every thoroughfare of the City, touching the proceed-
ings of the liberal candidates and their friends, would
abundantly testify to the presence of a subtle and
unscrupulous enemy. One of the latest of these,
which we notice only for the sake of giving it the most un-
qualified contradiction, is the statement that Baron Roths-
child was willing—nay, desirous—to coalesce, or split votes,
with three of the tory candidates! The abenrdity of this
representation is only equalled by its falsehood. A public
meeting of the electors of the wards of Castle Baynard,
Bread-street, Queenhithe, and Viatry, was also held last
evening, at the Horns Assembly Room, Sermon-lane, Doc-
tore-commons, at which Mr. Pattison, Sir O. Larpent, Bart.,
and Baron Rothschild attended. There was a large assembly
of electuni, presided over by Mn. Holt. SI, Yatti•on ant
addressed the meeting, briefly recapitulating the vertices
which he had rendered to the liberal cause, and
assuring the electors that the whole of his time would be
placed at their disposal. After alluding to the ballot, house
hold suffrage, triennial parliaments, and extinction of church
rates, to which he declared himself favourable, he noticed
a letter which had been addressed to him by Alderman
Johnson, in reference to a charge against that gentleman,
of having called the Reform Act " a diabolical act,"
which he substantiated by quoting the newspaper reports.—
Baron Rothschild declared himself averse to grants of money
for religious endowments of any kind, in favour of the exten-
sion of the franchise, of free trade principles, and of a more
independent way of recording suffrages. He had been asked
to state his opinion as to peace and war. What more effi-
cient preservative of peace could be adopted than to return
to parliament merchants who were deeply interested in
foreign trade ? (Cheers.) But he appealed to the electors,
not so much on the ground of his political principles, as on
that of the cause of evil and religions liberty. (Cheers.)
—Sr George Larpent avowed his attachment to the prin-
ciples of free trade, whose extension he would promote, in
the belief that the mutual dependence of all nations was the
best security for peace. He would reduce the duties on tea,
tobacco, and other Letitia ; would administer the poor-laws
humanely, while monemising the rates; and would
support sanitary miasma, and the prevention of
intramural interments in the City of London. He
was opposed to all endowments out of the public funds;
but thought that undue magnitude bad been given to the
question. He approved of the new education =note; was
favourable to • repeal of the rate.peyiag clauses of the
reform bill, and to a pedal extension —a the suffrage. com
mensurate with the extension of ode ca. He would also
secure the voters' independent's, if nessnary, by the ballot.—
Sir W. Molasworth reminiled the sheems of the importance
of setting a good sample to the eswitiy, whisb he doubted
not would be followed. Ravin been anal cm by the chair-
man to address the meeting ea behalf of Lord J. RusseU, he
alluded to the leading polar of the noble lord's policy, and
besought the electors not, on account of some mmor differ-
ences, to prefer a tory, or a theoretical politician, to a well-
known, tried, and able liberal minister.—Mr. Ford, an elec-
tor, made a speech on the "protestant question," but not
being well listened to, he did not submit his views
in the shape of • resolution, nor propose any ques-
tions to the candidates.—Mr. Pritchard moved • re-
, solation, expressive of the thanks of the meeting to
Lord John Hassell and Mr. Pattison, for their past
services, and their determination to support the four liberal
eandidates.—Mr. Detains seconded the resolution, which
was put and carried with only two dissentients.—Thanks
were then voted to the chairman, and the proceedings ter-
minated.
MELTING IN SUPPORT OP Tun CONSERVATIVE CANDI-
DATRS.—A very numerous meeting of the electors of the
Langbourne sad Cornhill districts took place last evening, at
the George and Vulture Tavern, Cornball, for the purpose of
supporting the conservative candidates, and hearing • state-
ment of their political opinions.
Lim eirra.—Ma. HAWEE—A meeting of Lambeth also-
tors assembled yesterday evening at the Hares Tavern,
Kennington, the object being to hear from Mr. Hawes
en account of his parliamentary conduct, and the
groundsce on he looked tot the facers ma.
of the elesdees. At 7 o'clock Ile. L. Redhead took
the chair, and imeadlekly opened *beldam of the meet-
ing.—Mr. Hawse then erne lama end was resolved with
mush cheering mingled with Mae lime. He mid that be
had had the kook of theborongh of Lambeth
is ateesesive peakeeseale he IS peers. (Chem ead
arise " Low samegb.") DM bed jest tereakellei
had beta the ark asesseeebb%:toz,
(Mies beta
"Re mere Wisps.") sat la het
meat threagbeat its while form, be
:any me to Oat
to a vote be bad given wbith wee Who pme.
parity and welfare of the eventry. Ifs whored witk lege-
facti Charte opposition be bed gives to Biz RAM Peel's
Baner Alit, and also to Ids vote against the M
Ulan Bail Let. He felt eeniklent he had do=
duty, and he seliated a reaewel of hie trot. He un-
derstood be w 4 he exposed le • centre—(. T. be sun
you are")—but be hazed not the nesdt. He salted
say elector te psis& out to whet be had faked,
in his liansabey duty. (" Yea eked hr die blakaga.")
He that eireptiaa was Ma be Ohm te bis seeded
oar swab essesiess—esaket wide be abolther•
sad to visdisals :—ezzaed the Nee te bis vets in ITV.
andowisi that that vete tau
bb woks seadoet bet des
I 114 ea/
Ida obi pedalos ef he three damekkehlk of &tandem
plematedia lard The skims Ora desselbed " The plea
ef national eduesittea isaiiked la the nimbi el privy council
es thentaithedbiesaware slasabast akezikk,aa
the rights of kezasikos the bed ewe been slgkolhareV
lionraseat." He asked hen whether Ilk illierlen a
*ht to withdraw their eesidease ken en account of
Ith vote. An
gothrkpoime eekedialZhost lint was his vote on
the Maynooth he whole time he had
been in parliament, he Zieleinennelll favour of that
grant, sad not a whisper rorkesemas had hem mind
against him. A age
grest..aelfedie Whilat a• MUhisk
dammed
; sa est wit
wiawas shis ..... to all enabase ef the
eaglelisp. He had 7t M leak het hoe who bed
the hark to sins bilge akektesasies were mot to
baits eat for thsksibes el honourable an-
Wilk. He bed etesgael efkkelittelle time, hat that bed
Se he local Wanks
rfs,rar.reh:trlola"gis
the ettempt
whisk hal ask le sewn* Washolakw===
I bow, by a *ewes GHIA he 11•4 NI" kh

had mead mneh of their property from decimation. (Cries
of a Hear, hear," and "Ws to come down.") But it
woad sorely be conceded, that being a member of the go-
vernment, there were some questions on which he mast
yield his own conviction to the opinions of the majority.
(Great interruption and uproar.) Why, it would be
=possible to carry on the government of the country,
if this were not sometimes done, In this spirit he had
voted against the repeal of the rate-paying clauses of the
Reform Bill. He would now conclude, in the full confidence
that he had not in one iota swerved from his duty. (" You
forgot the bishops.") Yes, government had been assailed
for the small step they had taken in the matter of church
endowment. He was not disposed to extend religions en-
dowments, or to increase the authority or influence of any
Beet; but that being his general view, he would never con-
sent to be fettered as to a particular vote in going into par-
liament. He again confidently asked them for their suffrages.
(" You have not explained about the bishops.") An additional
bishop had been proposed in parliament, but be was not to be
paid out of the pockets of the people, nor was be to have any
temporal power, being excluded from the House of Lords. If the
spiritual power of the church were increased he should re-
[ joke, as it was now fur the first time ranged on the side of
education for the people. He bad only to repeat that he
trusted he never should be found giving a vote inimical to
civil or religious liberty. (The hon. gentleman resumed his
seat amid much cheering and uproar.) Some questions were
then put to Mr. Hawes, which he answered to the satisfac-
tion of the meeting, the only one of any importance
referring to • future endowment of the Romish church. To
this the hon. gentleman answered that he was unfavourable
to all state endowment, but he should not pledge himself
against giving respectful attention to the petitions of seven-
eights of the Irish people should they seek such endow-
ment.—A resolution was then put, recommending Mr.
Hawes as • fit and proper person to represent the borough
in parliament, and was decided in the affirmative by a largo
majority of the meeting. It was currently stated at the
meeting that the nomination for Lambeth will take place
on Thursday next.
Hog. C. T. DT YNCOURT. A public meeting of this
gentleman's supporters was she held at the Rose mary Branch ,
Peckham. The hon. eandidete on entering the room was
loudly cheered. He said his political opinions were so well
known to every person present, that he need not detain the
meeting by explaining them. He was extremely thankful
for the kind support he bad hitherto receivea from the
electors. He would say this much, that he had constantly
endeavoured to act upon the principles which fifteen yearn
ago recommended him to their adoption, and he hoped that
the fidelity with which he had served them, might be re-
warded by their prolonged confidence. Mr. Fuller pro-
duced • large pink broad sheet, headed " D'Eyncourt and
Pearson for Lambeth," and inquired if it was printed at the
desire of Mr. D'Eyncourt ? The hon. candidate said
that be knew nothing whatever about the placard. Mr.
Fuller replied if it were not fey the flat denials given
by Mr. D'Eyncourt, he should suspect that there was
coalition between certain parties. He could not forget
that he found two committees in one house, and •
short time back he saw two candidates go in one cab
to a meeting in the Borough,—all that looked rather sus-
picious—Mr. D'Eyncourt explained that the meeting alluded
to had no connection with the election ; it was merely for a
charitable purpose. On that night he and Mr. Hawes were
detained till a late hour at the house, and as soon as they
could get away, they popped into a cab, and drove off to the
Vestry-hall. On arriving there, he found that the meeting
was over, and Mr. Charles Pearson, looking oat of window,
said, " We have done this and that," and added, " Oh, I see
here is a coalition,—you both belong to one club." Ile (the
hon. candidate) could assure every one present that there
was no coalition between himself and Mr. Hawn, or with
Mr. Pearson.—An elector remarked that if they looked to
the newspapers of that morning, they would find that Mr.
Pearson had repudiated all connexion with the document.—
The hon. candidate hoped his friends would rally round him,
and if they again returned him, he hoped he should never
abuse their confidence.—A vote of thanks to the chairman
closed the proceedings.
MARYLEZONE.—RETIIVEXENT OF Met. D. W. Ilenver.—
Last evening, pursuant to circular, the Borough of fdaryle.
bone United Reform Association held a meeting of its mem-
bers, at the Assembly-rooms, in Great Titchfield-street, Man-
chester-square, for the purpose of receiving a report as to the
recent ballot, and to take other measures for upholding the
cause of reform in the borough. The proceedings were
' marked by intense interest, a report being in circulation that
Mr. D. W. Harvey had, at the eleventh hour, refused to
stand for the borough. Mr. Lsngham, of Paddington, was
[ called to the chair—Mr. H. C. Wilson rose to announce
that the man for whom the reformers had struggled—that
the man who had obtained the confidence of the electoral
body, and who had been placed at the head of the ballot on
Monday last, bad betrayed the trust reposed in him.
They fully expected to have seen his address in the
papers on the following morning, and to hear that he had
resigned his oommissionership ; but finding that he had not
done so, he (Mr. Wilson) wrote to Mr. Harvey, and he said
his address was ready, and that he was pressing to do it,
but finding he bad not done so that morning, Mr.
Cassell, Mr. Kensett, Mr. Potter, and himself deter-
mined to have an interview with Mr. Harvey, and he met
them at Mr. Potter's house. He then spoke of the guaran-
tee that his expenses should not exceed 2001., and the
guarantee was not only given him in writing, but Mr. Cusell
also offered at once to give a cheque for 801. as his share to-
wards it. Mr. Harvey then promised to resign hie commis-
' sionenhip into the hands of the Lord Mayor, and issue his
add,'... (which belted with hire. and which he read to them)
the }midis; paps re tomorrow. He WTOte Le.. Lae.' to
that effect ; and, although he had previonaly declared that
his qualification was good, he only a short time before that
meeting took place, wrote them the following letter
Old Jewry, July 23. My dear Sir,—Mnee I bed the pleasure of
seeing you Ibis morning have mmOseet much upon my poenion,
and have celled to my sld the eislm,kApheat of valuable and disin-
terested friends, to whets I dissiainitheeireumstances by which
lam surrounded. Au yea are aware. Ima incapable of being elected
union I east resign the Mho I new Yid—ibis is no trifling sun-
ken Next, although I base set the slightest doubt of the
molt triumphant maimmk met he attended with madder-
able persooal mem, vadat bays mom le believe would islargeir
augmented In defending my qualiaratia before • cammttlm of the
Home of Commons; for experience tile me that these le se legr-
oom to which political hostility will meek= moon& Thweetteema.
snowed I have yielded to the advise at Mg ateadb, and ban renstved
to retire. In taking this shan &NW bet the Wolin et tbe
restraint which a cruel =Wm.* bee Ispesell wpm ine,
still more do I feel that I to
diednerkestbe ail l me tof width
might well be coveted by the bigbeet and purest pselmaker. I feel
myself utterly inadequate to express the abiding atm I meat ever
entertain of the enthusiastic spirit and kind npsd 'lke I have met
with on every side from the elienors of Marrese.-4 em, dear ne,
yours very faithfully, D. W. lieavn.—Thomas Pages, Bp.
He begged to point out the very honourable feelings which
had actuated Lord Dudley Stuart and Mr. Serjeant Shea in
%withdrawing and promising their support to the remaining
liberal cpndidate.—Sir B. Hall having addressed the meet-
ing, the following resolution was carried with only one dis-
sent ent : . . .

That this meeting Marla help expressing the strongest indignation
at the conduct of Mr. Barrer, and feel quite HIM, that atter the
generous display of confidence of the great coostituency of Mary-
Lebec*, bath as regards the promise of support and of returning him
free of ecrpense, vrith the exception of the hustings, his disgraceful
conduct In withdrawir.g at thL mists will be condemned by every
elector in the United Kingdom.
Mr. Joseph proposed
That, on scoount of the withdrawal of Mr. Daniel Whittle Haney
from the contest, this meeting considers Lewd Dudley Stuart, the se-
cond on the ballot of Monday Ise; is deeming the franchise of the
Reform electors of this borough; and this amodation, therefore,
pledges dealt to give that noble lord Its hearty support in the forth-
coming =test.
Mr. Wagstaff seconded this resolution ; but Mr. Mann, on
the part of Mr. Berjeant She., opposed it; and the following
amendment was proposed :
That in order to unite the reformers of the borough in conjunction
with Sir B. Hall, ballot of the amedstion take plat e for the odor—
Bon of a candidate for that purpose.
- - - - • -

Mr. Dyke seconded the amendment, which wee ultimately
carried by a very large majority, and the proceedings termi-
nated at a late hoar amidst great confusion.
LORD DUDLIT STUART in consequence of the above pro-
ceedinge, has again come forward.
Town' Hamr.rrs.—There is every prospect of a contest
in this borough, Mr. George Thompson having been busily
engaged in canvassing the electors on the extreme liberal
interest. The supporters of Sir William Clay and Major-
General Fox have quietly organised their forces, and express
themselves confidently as to the result. With regard to Sir
W. Clay, there seems to be no question of hie return ; and,
if there b• a doubt as to the issue, it is between Gen. Fox
and Mr. Thompson. Although there is no formal coalition
between Sir W. Clay and Gen. Fox, yet there is a perfect
good understanding. between them, and every assistance
will be mutually given to secure their return. Several
public meetings are fixed foe the ensuing week by each of
the candidates, when they will severally address the electors.

THE PROVINCE&
BIRXINGELY.—The friends of all the four candidates
agatinue to exert themselves, but the remit is not very
doubtful. " There is too much ante " (says our ciorreepond-
est) " to fear that, thanks to Mr. Montt, Mr. Spooner will
be reelected, and that the real mutest will be between Mr.
iblolefield and the first-named gentleman. Mr. Scholetleld
ill almost certain to be returned, although It mad be eon-
famed Mr. Kuntz has a great many friends, who are sabot
captivated by the elegance of the hon. gentleman's Pezme
ology. A few persons are understood to have banded than-
seism together, for the purpose of securing the return of
both Moats and Scholelleld. There is very little probability
now that this will be successful ; and it is a remarkable fact,
that the promoters of it are nearly the same individuals who
were instrumental in bringing out Mr. Soup in 1844, in
eonsequence of which they let in a tory. Union was only
required on this occasion to have secured the return of two
liberals.
Strout/wt.—This borough is to be the seen' of a severe
contest between Mr. James l'ilkington, an extensive menu-
&darer of the town, and Mr. Hargraves, of Milnthorpe,
both freetradess and Liberals; and Mr. Hornby, brother of
the present member • and Kr. W. Roberts, the chartist at-
torney and attornity-iseutrel of the miners.
BlLADFORD.—Notwithmeadin the renewed ooalitioa be-
tween the supporters of Mr. BK and Colonel Thompson
the conservatives are actively pushing on the cause of Mr.
W. Wickham and Kr. G. Hardy,
Bovrow.—On Thursday evening a public meeting was
held in Bolton, attended by about 2060 person', at which it
was unanimously resolved that Dr. Bowing( and Mr. John
Brookes were It mad proper persons to represent Bolton in
parliament, end that every means should be used to secure
their return. The meeting was addressed at great length by
the two liberal candidates, and, In the coves of hie speech,
Dr. Bowing forcibly alluded to the otstratitive course of
policy pursued by Mr. Bolling, the key candidate, in the
parliament of 1837.
802.00011 OP 81.100.—A" Tosryy repealer" is tsbestorki
here, in opposition to the " C npmehr," Kr.
Somers.
BILIAST.—Lord John Chichester ha addressed the Mn-
-
stitnents on conservative principles. Another candidate, be
1 the person of a Mr. George Suffrein, a retired merchant,
claims the like honour, sad on the same principles. At a