The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-26 00:00:00

" Kill rabbits an; way you :loose but with the
gun ; shooting I cannot allow." And suggested that
a rabbit-catcher should be employed. A person was
soon engaged, when lately another autograph ordered
me to disaiks him, as his grace would "in futura see thatthe
rabbits were kept under." A very aristocratic occupation
without doubt. If rabbits are game, how comes it that
individuals who possess not a game certificate are appointed
to kill them without some time Meurring punishment?
And if they are not game, how comes it that one noble lord
protects and preserves them to feed his foxes, although they
destroy in fields near their haunts fully a fourth of hie
tenants' crops, and my owe landlord emirates to himself the
pnwerof granting and withholding permission to his tenantry
for dotraying them, when, if they are not game, they mast
be dnignated vermin, and like rats and moles be under the
doom of death whenever they are met with ? Once more:
if rabbits are not game, how does it happen that any claim
far payment of damage done by them to his crops, an tercel
by a tenant against h:s landlord,lA entertained an l frequently
paid for? I know one farmer who received 401. sterling for
injury done to his turnips during one winter. I believe twat
proprietors are not liable for the ravages of rabbits, if they
are not game, any more than they ore for those of any other
kind of vermin ; and who ever dreamed of compensation
being made for injury caused by sparrows or pigeons? or
fur potwoes and corn destroyed and carried away by
the crows? But perhaps landlords act upon the old
saying of " the more the cost the greater the honour,"
and are quite willing to pay any trifling damage of
this kind, if thereby their claim can be subtantiated
and their right established to the style and title of
Lords of the Rabbits—Game Lords—in addition to their
well-merited, well-known designat'on— Lords of the Soil.
I hope that in the ensuing session parliament will
heartily take up this subject and maturely consider it. Game,
especially rabbits, do the farmer more injury than protection
could ever do him good; and now, when protection is swept
away., the game-laws should speedily follow. They are the
occasion of more disagreement batween landlord and tenant
than all other matters put together. 0 may their reign be
brief.—l remain your obedient servant, A Tevtorstoe
Famine..

THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER ON TOLERATION.—
On Saturday last the Lord Bishop of Worcester delivered
his charge to the candidates for holy orders, who were next
day ordained, and whose names have already appeared in
this paper. The following passages deserve perusal :—" It is
very much the fashion of the present day to reprobate what is
styled latitudinarianism, and most cordially da I join in such
reprobation, if by latitudinarianism be meant an indifference
to 'Limit —a eirelessnessahout the convictions at which we ar-
rive, in the vain hope that • man shall be saved by the religion
which he happens to profess, be that religion founded in truth
or in falsehood ; but! cannot bring myself to reprobate as la-
titudinarian that liberal spirit which, while it humbly rests its
own hopes on those doctrines which it believes may be proved
by the sure warrant of Scripture, believeth all things, hopeth
all things, with regard to the ultimate fate of others, whose
minds have conscientiously arrived at different conclusions.
To use a fashionable term, it surely is not a Catho- '
lie feeling which shuts the gates of mercy on all
who do not exactly coincide with us in our expla-
nation of the mysterious doings of Providence, or ru
our interpretatien of certain dark passages of scripture ;
but each a narrow-minded view of the divine dispen-
sations will sometimes result from an exclusive contemplation
of those points in which, as churchmen, we differ frem other
Christians, instead of more especially dwelling upon those in
which we agree. When we reflect upon the mistaken views
of duty which have frequently resulted from attaching
undue importance to the profession of particular opinions,
and that this is an infirmity of the human mind, more
especially belonging to the clerical profession, it is
scarcely possible to exaggerate the importance of
your endeavouring to view with more liberal feelings
the vast variety of denominations into which the Church of
Christ is now unhappily divided. Much as we may reprobate
the cell and bigoted zeal which in former years doomed to
the stake so mai.), of our Protestant ancestors, who can doubt
tnat the perpetrators of these cruelties were in many instances
deceived by this narrow-minded spirit, against which I have
bean endeavouring to caution you, and imagined that they
were doing God service when they endeavoured to prevent
the spread of what they considered heretical opinions by
dooming to the fl imes the bodies of those who professed
them? Such atrocities have indeed been more frequent in
the history. of the Roman Catholic Church than in that of
Protestantism, but we must not forget that Calvin, when he
sanctioned the burning of Servetus, and our own Cranmer,
when he doomed to the stake the Maid of Kent, are likewise
melancholy proofs that the greatest crimes may sometimeabe
perpetrated under the influence of a mistaken sense of duty.
Thanks be to God, the time is now gone by, when, under any
circumstances, such violations of his laws can be sanctioned
by the plea of zeal for his church, but the
spirit may yet remain, although such results from
it are no longer possible, and, indeed, no careful
observer of passing events can doubt that individuals
existerho are indebted to the accident of having been born in
the nineteenth rather than the sixteenth century, for ex-
emption from that spirit of persecution and intolerance
which disgraced the former period. Against such a spirit
I venture to caution you. In your zeal for your own
church, forget not that you are Christians, and remem-
ber that the spirit of Christianity vaunteth not itself,
is not puffed up, is not easily provoked, thinketh
no evil, beareth ell things, believeth all things, hopeth
all things. Those who unite with their strictly professional
duties • certain degree of general literature, will be more
likely to take enlightened and liberal views of such contro-
versial questions as may be brought under their con-
sideration. Upon this subject, I feel that I cannot do
better than quote the following beautiful passage from a
work by the present learned Bishop of Llandaff " In the
cultivation of literature is found that common link, which
among the higher and middle departments of life unites the
s. eta and subdivisions in one interest; which supplies common
topics and kindles common feelings, unmixed with those
narrow prejudices with which all professions are more or
less infected. The knowledge, too, which is thus acquired,
expands and enlarges the mind, excites its faculties, and cane
those limbs and muscles into freer exercise, which by a too
constant use in one direction, not only acquire an illiberal
air, but are apt to lose somewhat of their native play and
energy. And thus, without directly. qualifying a man for
any of the employments of life, it enriches and ennobles all ;
without teaching the peculiar benefits of any one office or
calling, it enables him to act his part in each of them with
better grace and more elevated are iage."

IRELAND.
DUBLIN, DECEMBER 24.
The provincial journals received to-day add nothing to the
general information. They do not diminish, but they do not
exaggerate, the condition of thecountry, which is sufficiently
bad without the application of imaginative stimulants. The
Mayo Telegraph, of yesterday, confirms the accounts in my
last letter of the desperate misery in which that pan
perised and populous county is involved. One fact
will prove the absence of exaggeration in the main outline
of the picture. Sir Francis Lynch Blase, the chairman at
a meeting for the barony of Clanmorris, stated that the
baronial destitution included 4,900 families, which at Is. per
day for fo-il, during three months, would require an assess-
ment of 22,0001. This is en appalling fact—more than one-
half the whole population of a barony thrown on the
other half for subsistence. Had the rest of Ireland
been ite a condition as hopeless as Clanmorris, no remedies
could res:ue it from irremediable ruin. But, though the
future is sufficiently dismal, there are glimpses of encourage-
ment in the anxiety of all classes to contribute to the public
safety, and relieve individual suffering, which fast increases
on every side. The next month, before the spring labour
commences, will severely try the endurance of the poor. The
completion of the public works, now drawing to a close, will
throw a great many hands out of employment. In Wexford
this result has been anticipated, and the relief committee
with the harbour commissioners have memorialised the
Board of Works to sanction the larger class of work' which
had passed the presentment sessions. Other precautions
are being adopted to continue employment, and increase the
stock of available food, such asthe stoppage of the distilleries,
a very doubtful sort of relief. The example has been set
by a Mr. Devereux, in Wexford, whose conduct has been
highly commended, though it never occurred to the advo-
cates for stoppage that practically most of the distilleries
must soon cease working from the high price of grain.
An eminent distiller of Dublin has ordered several argot' of
foreign Ikrain ; but he is in doubt whether to afford beneficial
employment to a large number of workmen by ap-
plying the corn to distillation, or transferring it over
to public uses. The price of grain is telling on the price
of whisky. In the Limerick market whisky has risen
6d. a gallon, being a rise of le. in the gallon, or about 17 per
cent. since the Ist of November last.
The following is the new mode ordered by the Board of
Works in the 'election of labourers recommended for err
ployment by the relief committees:
Fast : The engineer in charge calls upon the secretary of the Belief
Committee for a certain number of men, in round numems, far
•
particular work. Second: The Secretary then sends in, in
to the inspecting ofßeer, a Ilia of that number of nionen from Ste
committee's sertniniv d duplicates to be seesmpeded
by the original requisition of the engineer. Third : The belPindog
oMmr having scrutinised these duplicate lave, approves and
signs them, sending the original to the engineer for the inform-
ton of his staff, and the duplicate to the secretary of the Belief Com-
mittee, in order that the men may know at once that they are approved
for employment. But the inspecting officer bas nothimr to do with
allocatine the men on the works. Fourth : With Morena to the
gangs already employed on the ticket system, the overseer sends to
the inspecting officer a list of the men of his gang, entitled by the
engineer that these are the men. The inspecting officer then approves
and signs the list, and these men are then on the new system, as no
fresh scratiny is required for those already in employment. the
Board of Works has given directions to employ SOO additional men in
the county of the town of Galway, and too men extra In " the
Claddagh."
Ancient terror still invests the purchase of fire-arms in
Limerick and Tipperary with deeds of dreadful note. The
Limerick Chronicle states that an active magistrate ascer-
tained the number of fire-arms in his locality to have been
230 stand, though the police consider the return deficient.
The return appears to us very great, but it would first be
well to know the superficial area embraced in the in4etintte
term " locality." Much will depend on fixing the metes
and bounds of the magisterial jurisdiction.
PRESENTMENT SESSIONS.
EXTRSORnINARY PRESENTMENT SES3IONS.—An extra-
ordinary presentment session was held at Woodford, county
of Clare, on Monday last. George O'Callaghan, Esq., pre-
sided. The chairman put the question if the sessions would
proceed under the Labour Rate Act, or Mr. Labouchere's
letter, and the majority decided for the latter, but before
the meeting rose, they agreed to go under the act, and appli-
cations for presentments to the amount of 102,6001. were put
in, although the Poor-law valuation of the barony is but
30,000/. The sessions adjourned to Wednesday, to arrange
the numerous applications for district works.
Presentment sessions were held for the barony of Kilne-
managlt, county Tipperary, on Monday, Lord Hawarden
presiding, when the sum of 60001. were presented for repro-
ductive works, under Mr. Lakeuckere's letter. Also, on

Wednesday last at Wexford, tar the barony u Furth, by ad-
journment; Mr. C. A. Walker Vice-Limit., presided. At
the previous sessions it had been determined to sink the
Ksrlouge, • stream which falls into river Slaney, above
Wexford, and on this occasion a resolution of the Wexford
Belief Committee was preseuted to the chairman, deprecat-
ing any work which would have the effect of lessening the
water power, as the mills in the neighbourhood were scarcely
sufficient even at present to supply the public with prepared
eorn. A gentlemen present stated that he had offered to
c instruct an nndershot wheel mill of equal power with that
which the drainage would damage, but his proposal would
not he listened to, and thus, as the chairman deserved,
500/. eland mal was placed upon the barony, which must
be expended upon unproductive works, whereas sinking
the stream would serve to drain much land. The ex-
ample of the relief committee was imitated in another
way by Colonel Johns, a gentleman raiding near Wexford,
who had made known that he would oppose in every
way the construction of a road presented for, as it was
intended to run it through a portion of his garden. The
Chairman, upon this made known, said it was a shame for a
rich man to give so bad au example ; and he added, that
some hundred people had been thrown out of work in a
neighbouring barony, because the owner of a quarry refused
his property to be entered—conduct which was perfectly
illegal. Over 6,0001. were taken in the barony for drainage,
and it is no more than justice to add that it was said at the
meeting that several labourers who had obtained tickets for
the public works had retains I them in their possession for
the last month, preferring to work with the farmers.
The presentment sessions for Shelburne (county Wex-
ford) were held by adjournment on Friday last, when it was'
proposed to proceed under the letter of Mr. Lebouthere ,•
but this could net be effected, as the landed proprietors of
eAret valuationaaameie doffor the
extraordinary
the district had net given their " assents." 13,8911. 12e
pubbalirewleybuit unproductive works—one-half
held in Croom, county Lime-
fele, on Monday last, Lord Duaraven preeding, the sum of
1,3001., being one-sixth the valuation of the barony, was
presented for public works of a reproductive character.
An adjourned sessions was held en Tuesday, at Pallas-
berry, county Limerick, Lord Monteagle presiding, when
several sums were presented for reproductive works, but in
consequence of the refusal of several absentee landlords to
" assent" to drainage, public works were resorted to.
STATE OF TILE COUNTRY.
The Nenagh Guardian contains numerous accounts of
outrages oe property perpetrated in that neighbourhood.
Neither corn, sheep, cattle, or other things which may be
used as food, are wife from the violence of the people; and
in some instances, as perhaps might be expected, the
plunderers are found to be above destitution. The following
instance may be taken as examples of the outrages those
Rapers contain : —A few nights since, a number of midnight
depredators consisting of about ten persons, went to the
haggard of F. Watson, Eerie near Nenagh, and thrashed
out the wheat and carried it away. Some of them are known
—and they are persons rather comfortable, and not ier want.
WEsT3dEATII.—ATTEMPT AT elegem—The Saunders
News Letter relates, on the authority uf a correspondent at
Athlone, that an attempt was mule on Monday last to
murder the Messrs. Longworth, who reside at Glynwood,
near Athlone, and one of whom is a deputy lieutenant for
Westmeath. The writer sae s :—Mr. John Longworth was
returning home with his brother to Glynwood, so early as
four o'clock in the evening, when they were tired at in the
avenue of their own demesue. Mr. L. was driving his own
carriage, a servant sitting behind ; but most fortunate the
shot di,l oat take effect upon any of the par ice. No one can
assign the slightest reason for this diabolical attack. The
connty is in a most frightful state.
WATESFOttD.—PLLINDEK OF FLOUIL—The Waterford
Chronicle relates that on Friday night last a boat, lying at
anchor in the river Barrow, between Ross and Graigue, was
plundered. About eight o'clock the crew were
alarmed by the noise of the approach of another
boat, and the skipper came up from the locker to
see that no injury be sustained. Just as he came up a
stone was thrown at him, which cut his leg, and imme-
diately a gabbord came alongside, with a party of seven or
eight men. They beat the man severely—he fell into the
locker—and the robbers threw a Rack of flour on the open
hatchway to confine him there. They then put into their
boat about 20 sacks of supertine flour, and went away.
NEWILF.—Ofs similar character, but not so violent, is an
outrage related to have occurred at Lara, near Newry, where
the mill of Mr. D. L:slie was plundered.
MAYO.—The following picture of the condition of Mayo
is to terrible, that one would hardly incline to believe it on
any authority short of the official one of inquests and their
results. The details are collected from the A/ayo Constitu-
tion which says On last week, Mr. R. O'Grady, coroner,
held an inquest at Kilbrack, on a man named l'at Tiernan,
and the jury returned a verdict that deceased came by hie
death from the effects of hunger and insufficient food. On
the pith instant, Mr. Rutledge, coroner, held an inquest at
Robin, on the body of Catherine Walsh, who died of starva-
tion. One of the witnesses deposed that the deceased was
able to work on the roads until the inclement weather set in,
when, from her age, she was unable to withstand the cold,
and therefore she could not procure food. Dr. Little declared
the cause of her death to be from the absolute want of the
necessaries of life. On Tuesday last, Mr. Atkinson, coroner,
held an inquest at Crossmolina, on the body of Bernard Regan,
sun of a butcher, who was in the employment of Messrs. Rus-
sell, of Limerick. Being out of employment, and having
been refused admittance there, he made Ilia way to Galway
—together with his &even children—where they were also
denied poorhouse relief. They then begged their way to
Crusemolina, where the boy died. After the examination of
Dr, M'Nair, and the father and mother of deceased, the jury
returned a verdict of death from want of food. On Wednes-
day the same coroner held an inquest on the body of Michael
Moran, at Knockadine. Deceased wag, it appears, obliged,
after consuming all his grain, to beg for the last six weeks,
nut having received any relief from his landlord ; the pour
man and his family were often without food for 21 hours.
Dr. M'Nair and other witnesses were examined, and the
jury found that death was catered by want of sufficient food.
On Friday the same coroner held au inquest on the body of
John Ituarre, at Lacken. Deceased was found on Thursday,
by a little girl, near the chapel of Lacken, lying dead on the
footpath. lie belongs to a colony of fishermen, who were
comfortable in their own way, before the present calamity,
but are now scattered throughout the country. The jury
returned a verdict of death from starvation. On Saturday
morning last, the body of a man about 70 years of age was
found lying on the roadside, between this town and West-
port, whoa name or residence is unknown. On yesterday
an inquest was held, and from a medical examination of the
body, a verdict of death from starvation was returned.
In consequence of this wretched condition of affairs the
coroner for the northern division of Mayo addressed the Lord
Lieutenant upon the necessity of opening food depots. In
that communication he says :—Since my last report seven
more human beings have alien victims to that monster hun-
ger—namely, Michael Merin, Hugh Daly, Martin M'Oovier,
Michael Walsh, John Barrett, Anthony Malley, and John
Monnelly. Unless speedy relief be afforded by the govern-
ment iu lowering the present high prices of previsions it is
my candid opinion, from my knowledge of the impoverished
and famishing state of destitution prevailing in the district
which I travel through, that many other human beings will
be laid in their graves for want of food, before the expire.
Lion of the winter. To this appeal the subjoined reply was
returned :
" Dublin Castle. Dee. 17, 1548.
"Sir,-1 beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the llth
instant, and 1 am directed by the Lord Lieutenant to acquaint you,
that his Excellency deeply deplores tire me la nekoly occurrences to which
you refer, and has &put brought your representations upon the state
of the provision trade of the Manna district under the special moonier-
ation of the Commissary-Cienend. 1 urn, Sir, your obedient servant,
" T. N. Itemoirroo.
' "To John Atkins" Esq., Ratline."
A poor man named Dever, from:the Half-Parish, who
came into Castlebar to seek for some food to support nature,
was overtaken by • weakness, and having been admitted into
a cabin in Bushell, died of exhaustion, and was interred
without a coffin or any other covering !
AMEUICAN Suerttes.—The Southens Reporter, of yes-
terday's date, contains the following announcement:—Be-
i, sides several cargoes of make which have arrived in Cork
harbour since our Its:, from different European ports, we
have the pleasure to report a large vessel—the Manchester
s of 670 tons—from New York, bringing the first direct
ls loading Indian corn at New York for Ireland,
:f.
master,acnatpietaisaupip.alyfierof,
rebrpe:dairututhffsatfohre
ltehfte
useeasoeanty..thTraehe
al vase
with all possible dispatch, and that three other vessels
sailed in company with him fur Cork. T 1 e cargo of the
,teer Manchester was bought by a Limerick house at 1.51. per ton.
en Sir David Roche, Bart., of Cara", county Limerick, a
set very extensive miller and baker, is selling bat flour to his
tenantry in the county of Limerick at Ils. the cwt. Second
of flour sold in Dublin yesterday at 225. to 235. 6d. the cwt.
me. The Poor Relief Committee of Cloghjorden, King's County,
dispose of 401. worth of Indian meal per day to the poor of
elle( that locality. They sell at coat price—not under. In the
for • Nile town several houses are open, where one meal per
We. diem of good stirabout is given gratuitously to every demi-
° the tube person in the district.
ailed REDUCTIIIIN or Renee.—Lord Banally, and Mr. A. T.
estates
Cod- 10 to 20 per cent., on payment of the gale of rent due Ist
and Clive, eonreansCalt3 oenativeeriagr from
3 with tenants in smear, on payment of one year's rent.
to the
nano
-d
TOof;PßMPeriaeryan,4lB46"ll.im"eTriEkvi:same allowance to be made to those
BA:MO:I.—THE DlBTuEBll.—The National and Pro-
b., the vincial Banks of Ireland in Cork have sanctioned their
,proves officers to transmit small sums to the relief of the distressed
4 n° districts' in that county, free of charge.
men The
e. „,le
theft,
the county e I
engineer
elleet.efaerotthit.e—El is
East
tftsitaditedap, thhaast
reported
T o.
rizacyht.,
vourably to Government on the practicability of making
arms in Clonakilty Harbour, county Cork, navigable for large
The vessels, and otherwise improving it at a trifling expense.—
ucer- Cork Paper.
effiecirntn. 1 athBlliinsPwt.:tosffctrorTlohren-
first be hands saved. She was laden with cheese, beef, and
definite flour. petering:: eKiMauaecaore,
cowrn, eftsext.wrecerd, tined.
re; the

SCOTLAND.
NATIONAL EDI. CATION.—Sir,—My letter, which you
thought proper to insert in your paper of Tuesday, the Bth
current, way written principally to direct attention to the
subject of education, and I felt grat.tied that you had be-
stowed so long a comment on it. I was unwilling to take
up much of your space with any rtmarks I had to mike,
convinced that the pal ticukirs 01 any scheme, however well
concocted, could nit be condensed into one letter. lam
glad to find that it has drawn forth the strictures
of S. X., not that I wish to enter into any contro-
verry, but chiefly because it has arain brought
out your own lucid view. 4 upon the subject. If
attended to the scope and purport of my letter he would
have found, however, obscurely expre,sed, that my object
was to enforce the propriety of organising tbe burgh and
parochial teachers of Scotland into • body corporate, with