The Express.
London, England, 1848-03-18 00:00:00

IRELAND.

We have received the following by Electric Tele.
graph:
DUBLIN, MARCH 17.
All i.aa been perfectly tranquil to-day; the demon
ittratien is reserved for Monday next.

NEWS FROM PARIS.

IMMENSE ASSEMBLAGE OF THE
PEOPLE.

CLOSING OF THE BANK OF
FRANCE.

PAIL'S, FRIDAY, l A.H.
This morning at half-past six the inhabitants of
the entire line of the Boulevards were aroused
by the noise and movement attending an unusual
assemblage of persons. It soon became evident
that all the operatives of the capital had met
by common agreement at various points of ren-
dezvous, and soon commenced marching in regular
ranks like disciplined soldiers (but quite unarmed)
along the Boulevards, from the Bastile towards the
Champs Elyse-es. We have witnessed this pro-
cession passing under our windows in uninterrupted
succession for several hours. At a rough calculltion
I should say that not less than a hundred thousand
men have been thus marshalled forth. They are all of
the working class, and of its lowest order. Their
costume is invariably the blouse. They are officered
by individuals distinguished by a blue scarf
tied on the left arm, and edged with red
fringe. These officers in some cases present the
appearance of mechanics of the better class, such as
foremen. But these are few. Several of these troops
as they passed sang " Co ira," and shouted "lei
arisforrates dto lanterne ?" The object of this mani-
festation is understood to be a counterpoise to the de-
monstration of the national guards on the previous
day,as well as the organisation of several deputations,
headed by clubs, which are to proceed to the Hotel
de Ville, in order to make known to the provisional
government their desire that the general election
should be postponed.
The government firally decided last night not to
accede to the demands of the companies of Grenadiers
sad Voltigeurs, and to leave their decree to be exe-
cuted without modification. The speech delivered by
M. de Lamartine, in answer to the deputltion, gave
the notional guards reason to believe that the request
of the companies d'ilite would be granted, but the
ultimate decision was just the contrary. An
order of the day has just been issued by the com-
mandant-general of the national guard, reproving
that corps for their demonstration, and exhorting
them to order, and to be on friendly terms with the
workmen. The national guard of the neighbourhood
of Paris are reported to be prepared to assist their
comrades of the capital.
The principal topics of the Paris journals of this
day are the decree for the suspension of cash payments
by the Bank of France and the manifestation
made yesterday by a portion of the national guards.
As regards the first of these subjects, the journals,
generally speaking, agree in expressing their entire
approbation of the course that has been adopted, and
in declaring their conviction that, if order be main-
tained, the suspension of cash payments will, not be
of long duration, and will have served to enable the
bank to continue the discounts, which otherwise must
have ceased.
On the manifestation of the National Guards, the
opinions of the journals are divided. Some assert that
it was proper; others that it was improper. Some ac-
knowledge the right of the National Guards to make
the manifestation, but regret that it was made, and
wonder that the evil consequences to which it might
lead were not foreseen. The most remarkable articles
on this subject are in the NeCenal and the Re-
Amu.. These journals, from the immediate connec-
tion of one with M. Marrast, and of the other from
its reputed connection with M. Ledru-Rollin, com-
mand particular attention. It will be seen that the
language of the National is mild, and that of the
Reiriee far lees violent than might have been ex-
pected from some of the articles which have appeared
in its columns. The necessityof union is felt by both.
Indeed it is or ought to be felt by all France. Allow-
ances should be made for the susceptibilities of every
class of citizens, and if they are expressed in terms
which are likely to rouse other susceptibilities in their
turn, it is the duty of the public preseto restore harmony,
and not to envenom the wounds that have been in-
flicted. At this moment the press has great power;
it may contribute largely to the maintenance of order,
and it would be highly criminal if it did not labour to
produce this result. It is only by order that confi-
dence can be restored, and by confidence only can
the new order of things be placed upon a basis which
would render life and property secure, and assemble
the National Assembly to put a glorious consumma-
tion to the work which in a short time will be placed
in its hands.

The National says :
We adjure good citizens, and it is to the immense
majority that this appeal is addressed, to unite all their
efforts to maintain union. It would be deplorable that mi.'.
und( standings, exaggerated beyond measure, should assume
the prvportions of a grave dissension, of a serious grief. To
lead our glorious and difficult work to a good end, we require
that the ties of true fraternity shall unite all citizens in one
body, whatever may be their costume and condition. The
young republic, watched by jealous neighbours, by hostile
powers. owes to itself and to the nstims which justly hope
to see in it, the example of order in liberty. Let us not lease
to our enemies the joy of seeing troubled this admirable con-
cert of good will and excellent sentiments, thanks to which
the whole of France only forms a single family. The men
who are placed at the head of the government understand the
necessity of union ; they practice it sincerely, without my
eirriere pen.tee, because better than any one they are con-
scious that any division would be a cause of weakness. Let
no, the sensible citizens, associate ourselves to this idea,
convince ourselves of this truth. Before accusing the inten-
tions of any one, before recriminating, let us take into ac-
count the difficulties of the moment, and instead of pro-
ceeding like distrustful men, let us conduct ourselves as sin-
cere republicans ought to do. Let not a character of inti-
midation tie given to demand+. even if just. All rights
must ho maintained, all legitimate interests must be re-
spected. The goverment knows this, and the justice must
be reederrd to it by admitting that it has never voluntarily
faded it its duty. That certain measures might have been
better ordered, certain words calculated to create distrustful
auseeptibilities avoided, is what the government itself would
cot deny. It does not pretend to be infallible. But it will
be tram (d. that it has already accomplished noble, useful,
great things Its work was difficult. and circumstances

FRENCH REPUBLIC.
LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.

LATEST FROM PARIS.

.//

mad* it stns salts Isleseies• We have not here, lens,,
to laud the government. What we simply dents to may is,
that good citizens, after the honest explazustions of the go-
vernment, cannot insist longer, without making those who
are interested in disorder, and in the ruin of the Republic,
gain their came. We make an appeal to concord in the
name of the liberty of all, in the name of the common safety,
and we know too well the iutelligent patriotism of the brave
Parisian population, not to be smeared that the voice will be
heard. Our devotedness to the holy cause of the Republic
is known—may it be happy and great by the union of all its
children, and the dearest of our wishes will be satisfied."
The promised proclamation of the Provisional
Government respecting the elections appeared in the
journals this morning. From this document we quote
the following passages:
Every Frenchman who baa reached the age of manhood
is a political citizen ; every citizen is an elector ; every
elector is • sovereign. The right is equal and absolute for
all. There is not a citizen who can say to another, " Thou
art more sovereign than I." Contemplate your power, pre-
pare yourselves to exert it, and be worthy of entering into
the possession of your reign.
The Provisional Government wishes to see the public con-
science prevail. They little care for the old parties: the old
parties have grown an age in three days. The Republic will
convince them if she proves just and safe for them. Necessity
is • great muter. The Republic know it well, has
happiness of being a government of necessity. It is for us
I. reflect. We cannot ascend to impossible royalty. We
will not descend to unknown anarchy. We shall be repub-
lican by reason. Only give security, liberty, respect to
all. Secure to others that independency of vote you
desire fee yourselves. Do not look at the name which those
you consider your enemies describe on their bulletin, and be
assured before hand they inscribe the sole name which can
save them—that of an able and upright republican.
Citizens, France attempts, at this moment, amidst some
financial difficulties, bequeathed by royalty, but under the
most providential auspices, the greatest work of modern
times ; the foundation of the government of the people, the
organisation of democracy, the republic of all rights, of all
interests, of all capacities, and of all virtues.
Circumstances are propitious. Peace is possible. The
new idea can take its piece in Europe with no other per-
turbation than that of the prejudices which were harboured
against it. There is no anger in the minds of the people.
If fugitive royalty did not lead away in its train all the
enemies of the republic, it left them impotent ; and though
they are invested with all these rights which the republic
guarantees to the minority, their interest and their prudence
assure' us that they will not endeavour to trouble the peace-
able foundation of the popular constitution.
The Bank of France was altogether closed yards,
day. It was understood that the artisans employed
by it in printing notes, were engaged night and day
in preparing the new 100 fr. notes to be issued under
the decree of the government for the suspension or,
cash payments published yesterday. One of the
measures now talked of, in addition to those already
adopted, to relieve the existing pressure, is to
offer to all holders of treasury bonds which
are not now negotiable on any terms, Three per Cent.
Stock at its current price. Those who decline this
proposition would be called on to snbmit to a post-
ponement of the liquidation of the bons for six, nine,
or twelve months. These and all similar expedients
savour too much of the shifts of insolvency.
The announcement of the decree respecting the

Bank was followed by an immediate rise in all prices
at the Bonnie. Those sellers whose only motive was
that of soceosire caution as to the security of their
investmetts, withdrew, of course, when they became
sensible that they only exchanged the security of the
government for that of the bank. The Threes roue
from 46 to 50, and the Fives from 69 to 73. Railway
shares row in proportion.
The following, amongst other decrees of the go-
vernment, each preceded by a report of the Minister
of Finances, appears in the Moniteur this morning:
Considering that the fallen government hes bequeathed to
the Republic a floating debt payable immediately, or at an
an early period, and which on the 24th February,
amounted to no less a sum than 872 millions; con-
sidering that the Royal Bonds, • part of which hat
already been paid off by the treasury of the Republic.,
still figure in the floating debt for a rum of 274,633,900 f.;
considering that the greater: part of these bonds are the
property of capitalists, whose interests are not directly con-
nected with those of industry and commerce ; considering
that these bonds will not become unprofitable in the hands
of holders, an the interest will continue to be paid at the
rate of 5 per amt., the propositioa of the Minister of the
Finances, decrees, that from the day of the promulgation
of the present decree, and till the decision of the national
amemply, the detainers of royal bonds created previous to
the date of Feb. 24, 1848, are enabled to exchange them
against coupons of the national loan, rents 6 per cent. at par.
In case this exchange should not be accepted, these bonds
will be reimbursed by the public treasury in specie, in the
course of six months from the day they become due. Art. 2. The
Treasury Bonds levied in exchange for specie or in other
bonds, payable by the department of the finances since the es-
tablishment of the republic, shall have full right to be reim-
bursed in legal currency.—Art. 3. The member of the Pro-
visional Government, Minister of the Finances, is charged
with she execution of the present decree.
Given at Paris, in Government Council, March 16, 1848.
Then follow the signatures.
The following proclamation has been issued by the
Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard, General
Courtais :

Citizens of the National Ouaids,
Your mission is to maintain order and to strengthen the
Republic by your energy. It is by giving an exempla of
union that will cause a government to be respected which is
founded on the principles of equality and fraternity.
Some among you yesterday made a manifesta-
tion which, under existing circumstances, might
give rise to doubts as to their devotedness and patriotism.
But you have given too many pledges to the democratic
cause for your intentions to bo suspected. Let those who
have been led astray by bad advisers be on their guard
aghast men who would snake them serve as instruments of
their powerless anger and their conquered passions.
Look at the people; they suffer, but they have confidence,
and wait. During the combat they were heroic and con-
fident. After victory they. respected all rights, and now
their moderation equals their courage. No ; they will have no
inequality; they are on a level with every position and every
glory. It was by them and for them that the revolution
was made ; let your ranks he open to them. and let there be
no longer a question of homages d'clite, but only of men
elected by the voice of all.
The monarchy, crumbled to dust beneath the fire of the
barricades, has left behind it discontents, which affects the
budget. Let them remain isolated.
As to you, devoted men of the working classes, labourers
by the arm and by intelligence, united under the same
standard once more, it is by union that you will bring work
into the establishments of labour, confidence to manufac-
turers, and thus constitute an immutable basis—that grand
national unity which will defy all factions at home, and
all enemies from abroad. (Signed) H. Caravels.

The Madrid mails of the IRh have arrived. The
only news of importar.ce they bring is the report that
Gen. Espartero was seriously ill at Logrono.
The government had ordered a levy of 50,000 men
of the classes of 1817-8. This military preparation is
chiefly intended for the repression of revolutionary
movements in the interior.

The prices of stocks on the Madrid Bolna on the
11th of March were—Three per Cents., 25k at 60
days; Five per Cents., 141 paper; Passives, 5 per;pa
Coupons, 10 paper ; Bank of St. Ferdinand, 112
cash, 114 paper. Exchange on London, 47 50-100.

The electoral law for the council general of Tuscany
has just been published. Persons having an income
from land amounting to 300 lire (250 f.), are electors;
professors, magistrates, the clergy, lawyers, notaries,
physicians, surgeons, engineers, and knights of the
Tuscan orders, are likewise electors. Women, per-
sons under 23 years of age, and foreigners arc ex-
cluded. The Grand Duke convokes the electoral
colleges ; the vote is secret. All electors 30 years of
age and upwards are eligible, provided they be not
senators; the number of deputies is 72.

RESIGNATION OF DUTCH MINISTERS.
Accounts from the Hague of the 16th bring news
that the Datch ministers have resigned, and Herr
Luzeec, one of the most prominent members of the
liberal party in the second chamber of the States-
General, has been summoned to the King's presence.
The intelligence was received at Amsterdam on the
ISth inst., about 4 p.m., by telegraph, and caused the
greatest rejoicing.

gaged since Nve.mber last, for the discovery of sources
of phosphoric acid in different soils; and, on the mo-
tion of Mr. Fisher Hobbs, the council voted him their
thanks for this statement, with a request that he would
communicate it in writing to Mr. Pusey, M.P., the chair-
man of the journal committee.—The chairman thought it
ponible that the existence of this acid would be ascertained
in many of the mineral groups in different parts of the
kiagdom, and especially in the Yorkshire hills, in the west
of England, where there ran a district along the foot of the
Welds remarkable for its fertility.
BONES.—Mr. Miles, M.P., remarked that he had
found, in repeating the important process of disintegrat-
ing bones for manure without the use of acid, as described
by Mr. Pusey in the last part of the Society's Journal, that
instead of sand, ashes, or earth, it was a great improvement
to use sawdust as the material for covering up the heaps,
double the amount of heat being real., d, and the disictegra.
tion being effected much more tepidly and effectually. He
piled up the hones into a heap, which be moistened well with
water, and then covered wet r to the depth of two or three
inches with sawdust, a process by which not only the
bones themselves were rapidly converted into manure,
but the saw-dust itself also. This plan, he observed, only I
differed from that of Mr. Pusey in adopting, instead of earth
or other mineral substance, the use of sawdust as a vegetable
substance, generally at hand on all &raisin great abundance.
—Mr. Nesbit remarked that he feared that by this process of
decomposition much ammonia in a volatile state would be I
develcr:ed and escape; but the chairman conceived that,
even should such be the case, and the chemical change:
be different in this process from what it is in dissolving bones
by means of sulphuric acid, still in reference to the growth
of turnips, it had been shown by the experiments of Mr.
Way and Mr. Lewes that such lose s& ammonia would not he
of m •ch consequence, as it is the phosphoric acid chiefly
(however obtained. and under whatever condition presented),
and not so much the volatile alkali, that the turnip seeks for
its food and the source of its nourishment and increase.
It was also remarked that Mr. Hudson, of Castleacre, in
Norfolk, and alio an extensive farmer in Oxfordshire, had
roue 4 by pretties). trial the most decided advantage in this
socele of prepwring bones as recommended by Mr. rimy.
rLIELTRO-PNLCMONIA.—Mr. Evan Davies, of Patton, in
Shropshire, transmitted to the Council a statement or
the successful administration of a remedy for the preva-

lent disorder amongst stock, along with- a copy of the
report made by the Wenlock Farmers' Club on the sub-
ject. Thanks were ordered to Mr. Davies for the,e
communications, which were referred
.to Prof. Sewell
for the favour of his examination, and report to the Council
in reference to the remedy proposed.
AUSTRALIAN BARLET.—Mr. Baker of Cottesmore, trans-
mitted his report on the Australian barley sent to him for
trial, for which thanks were ordered on its being referred to
the journal committee.
LIIIRARY.—MI. Turret presented a copy of the lecture
on manures, delivered by Mr. A. Gyde, before the North
Staffordshire Agricultural Society; Mr. Chandos Wren
lloskyns, a copy of the report of the Society for
Promoting the Amendment of the Law, on the Law of
Landlord sod Tenant; Mr. Fisher II ebbs, a copy of Mr.
Corbet's Price Busy on Tenant Right; Mr. Spence, Presi-
dent of the Entomological Society, a copy of his Anniver-
sary Address; Mr. Patterson, Vice-President of that
Society, a copy of his paper on the study of
Natural History as a branch of general education;
Mr. George Ransome, a sta.ement of the advan-
tages or the Ipswich Museum of Natural History fur the
working classes; Mr. Trench, a copy of a work by his
relative, the lion. Charles Trench, containing designs of
houses for labourers and farmers in Ireland, with crtimat:s
and explanatory details ; Mr. Thom, a copy of his work on
the statistics of Ireland ; and from Mr. Brabsson, a copy of
his work on the Deep-Sea and Comm Ei,,heries of Ireland :
for which donations the usual thanks of the council were
ordered. _ _

COUNCIL MIIETINOB.—Mr. Miles,,l.P., ltarMg informed
the council of the great inconvenience with which those of
their members who were in parliamedt were now enabled to
att...nd their meetings, in consequence of a shame which
had been made in the arranyement of the public business of
the House of Commons, by which the country bills were
brought under their consideration on the Wednesday, gave
notice th►t, at the monthly council in May next, be should
move an alteration in that part of the bye-laws of the society
which prescribes the day and hour of the meetings of the
council.
Te council then adjourned to Wednesday next.

ELECTION COMMITTEE.—Tuts DAY.
DUNDALK.—DectsioN.—The scrutiny was pro-
ceeded with, and three Totes haring been struck off Mr.
Dl'Tavishe's poll, tho Committee •closed its labours by de-
eming Mr. J. Torreos M'Cullagh to be duly elected.

MR. HUME AND THE PEOPLE OF CAN-
TERBURY.

The following address has been presented to Joseph
Hume, Esq.' M. l'., from the people of Canterbury :
Sir—We hereby cordially subscribe our names as a feeble
but genuine memorial of our sense of gratitude for the long
career of patriotic exertion which has signalised yellr parlia-
mentary life ; and, in particular, for the gallant stand which
you have recently made, and are now making, against the
increase of expenditure, and consequently of taxation. We
thank you for year stern opposition to the proposed exten-
sion
of the income tax ; with you we claim, as the first instal-
ment of a timely retrenchment, the estimates of 1832. And
we now begin to fret that your opposition will have its due
weight ; that at lost you will be heard, and, as from hence,
will receive your merited acknowledgement on all hands.—
W. PeeNtelea, mayor. [Numerously soignee by members
of the town-council, justices of the peace, an.]
The following is Mr. Iltune's letter in answer to the ad-
dress of the people of Canterbury.
Bryanston-squaxe, March 14, 1818.—Mr. Edward Gib-
son Swann.—Sir,—l yesterday received your letter of the
11th inst., and it is satisfactory to me to know that so large
a portion of the inhabitants of Canterbury approve of the
course that I here thought it my duty to take in parliament
reepecting the budget. Being convinced that a taxation of
upwards of 58 millions sterling, for the support of peace
establishments in the 32nd year of peace, is too heavy a
burden to be borne by the country at this time of com-
mercial distress, without entailing great privations on the
people (especially on that numerous class having small and
limited incomes, and on the still nu re numerous claws de-
pending on them for employment), I objected both to the
large establishment of the current year, aid also to any in.
crease for the ensuing year. l'or these reason I sub-
mitted a motion to plede•e the House of Commons,
not only to prevent any increase of expenditure,
but also to procure the reduction of the naval,
military, and civil establishments, u far as possible
consistently with the interests of the public. I regret testate
that only 60 members supported that motion, and therefore
no assurance of relief was obtained. A motion was then
made by Mr. llorsman to pledge the house to render the in-
come tax less unequal and unjust in its operation ; but only
141 members voted for that motion, whilst 316, including
the principal members of the late and present administration,
opposed it. Agnin, last night, after a debate of three days,
my motion " to limit the duration of the income tax to one
year" was rejected by a majority of 363 to 138. As the
House of Commons has rejected all those motions (although
petitions from all parts of the empire have called for the re-
duction of expenditure and the revision of the whole system
of taxation), I see no hope of speedy relief to this over-taxed
nation, unless the electors shall choose representatives who
will give more attention to the petitions and the wants of
the people than the present house appears likely to do. The
electors of Canterbury, and Kent generally, have no right to
complain either of the amount or of the unequal pressure cf
taxation, since they, by their representatives, have frustrated
all these attempts to obtain the revision of taxation and
the reduction of expenditure but the working dames,
who are suffering from want of employment, have a right
to complain, since they are generally without the elective
franchise, and have, therefore, no share in the choice of
members of parliament, wbo are constitutionally the pro-
tectors of the public interests. The annexed extract from
the disision of the 13th inst. will explain what I have
alluded to; and I must conclude by expressing the hope
that we shall soon see more sympathy between the people
and their representatives than has been shown in this last
vote.—l remain, your obedient servant (signed), Joszra
Huts,

Whilst we call the attention of oar readers to the corre-
spendence between Canterbury and Mr. Hume respecting
the income tax and expenditure of the country, it te scarcely
possible to have selected a better opportunity of showing
how completely the votes of the whole members tor
the county and boroughs within the county of Kent,
show the apathy regarding these vital subjects. We
trust, as Mr. Hume soya, in concluding h,s letter, that
a better sympathy may soon he established between the
representatives and their constituents. We refer to the
following stst• of the votes on the 13th March, of the num.
ben for the 26 members for the county and the boroughs of
Lancashire ; and we add also the state of the votes of the 18
members of parliament for the metropolitan cities and
boroughs. We trust these three returns will afford matter
for reflection and consideration by the electors and non-
electors of Kent, Lancashire, and the 14047—'44.
!Mc or Tim kmsrtin Yollll3o.—Extracted from the List of Divi.
Acne on the 13th of March, 1848, of 136 tor, and 363!gainei, Mr.
Hame's motion To limit the inane tea to one year.
Placcia. Memben, I For. Against-1 Akan.

Kent —Want

• •
Jona Pluroptre
Wm. Deeded
Sir C. Filmer, Bart.
Thomas Hodges
Lord A. 1). Cony nines
Ron. G. A. Bmytke
A. J. Bermford Nape
George Dodd
~Vimanon Ennead —
Admiral pandas
F. G. Bernard
E. B. Bice
Sir G. Clerk
C. D. Brockman
Lard C. G. Paget
C. W. Greaten . .

Canterbury' .•

Maidstose
Chathiat
Greevwth

Dom

the
.....

Roehecer

T. Bodo..

Of the 18 members for the metropolitan astatine and boroughs. as
atom, 2 were ibarat, 12 voted tor, and 4 against, Mr. Iturne's Motion
and to farour of the continuance of the 'mome tax for three yews.

Yam Or en CoorrY VrE• Boo.ovows Or LANCAIIIIIII Mama.
—Extracted from the Div Woe Lie! of tbe 18th March, 1848, of 138
for, and 36J whom, Mr. liume'a motion, "To limit the iDOOII2O to
to oat year."