The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-22 00:00:00

2

ERL'NETTI'S MODEL of ANCIENT JERU-
SALEM, Min the days dour Redeemer—the labour of years—
the Bade and Josephns —nearly 200 superficial fort— in
Dahlia, Liverpool, IM., by at least 60,000 persona insluding 1,000
dergysen and WO travellers to the Iloly Lend.-213, Pacmdilly, on
end after Monday 2lst Instant, from Eleven till Five Feven till Ten.
AdraiMmeo, Is. Children and Benno* 6d. A Israeli every hour In
_ . .._

SACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETisx-
tLL.—TO-MORROW EVENING (Wednesday), Den 14 will
be performed HAN DE. '8 ORATORIO. stPASIAII. •
Principal Vocal Performers—Madame Condon Allan, Wm 11. B.
Ba Mr. M.invenk, and Mr. H. Phillips.
Tvbealluul and Chorwi will consist of above SOO Performers.
Whet; Ss arch; Reserved Scats (in the area or gallery), may be
Obtained of the principal MuslcAellent; of Mr. Rowley, S 3, Charing-
ens; of Mr. Ries, 102, Strand ; orMitchell, 39, Chlring-OCIIL
THOMAS BREWER, Ikea

LAST NIGHT at CROSBY-HALL.
r / THIS EVENING, at Fight o'clock, Mr. WILSON will give
his LAST ENTERTAINMENT, when hz will ping "
Taw Of a' the aids
the wind clan Maw," "Over the water to Charlie," " haat left
toe ever. Jamie," " Saw ye Johnnie coming !" "In yonder ho
SR
ney
Vie, " "Ste is mine," " John .Unterson," "0, whistle and
some to you," " The Suldicee Dream," "My boy,
.Tammie," " The
Fl o' the Fen at," "My toeher's the jev el," Annie Laurie,"
" Allister M•Alliatcr."—Planufecte, Mr. Land.

THRONE ROOM, CROSBY HALL.—Maciame
Adelaide, Maddsne Miehau LAVIN and Mons. Louts d'Revitte,
have Ova honour to announce that their RI:UNION DANSANTR Is
held at tha above room every Thursday eVerdrig. —For particubors
apply at 7, illiriAtTret, St. JPIDeS.S, 13, Mount-street, Grosvenor-
row% or at Orosbydndl.

N
_
R. DEMPSTER'S ORIGINAL BALLAD
SOIREES.—Mr. Dempster, composer of the " Lament of the
EanlifraaL" "blind Boy,' " May Quern." and other American
Melodies, has the honour to sumounco that his SECOND MUSICAL
ENTERTAINMENT will be given at the ritiNcEsi's CONCERT-
/Loom, Distbastreet„ Oxford-street, TO.MOPROW EVENING,
December 21, on which occasion he will sing a seLstion from his
own compasltione. To commence at EWA o'clock. TlCketi., la
Reserved Seat, 2a. 6d.; Llallery, Is. To be had at Duff and Hodg-
man% PA. Oxford-street; the Doors; and of Mr. Dempster, 11,
iloward-strect, Strand.

__-___
cIfCILEBILANS CASINO do VBNISE and BAL
=corm at the BATIIS, 218, SI& Ilulborn, WILL OPEN
S EVENING (Tae tar), Dec. d. The Orchestra will em.
brace upwards of Forty Performers, selected
fame the Philharmonic,
Ancient Concerts, and Her Majcst y's Theatre. wdr. -**.leags.ll. lila-
groveand Patsy. Conductor—Mr. G. Cooke. Prinr;oul V..calists—Miss
M. O'Connor, and Mears. Wrighton and Bucliaal. The Salon de
Dense, the most superb boll room in the metrop le., will be under the
superintendence of Mr. C. Olirean. A Turkidi smoking Saloon,
Persian Galleries, and extewiee Floral Promenades. t
Choice refresh-
ment+, &e. Concert at Half-past Scsen ; 11,11 a Ralf-peat Nine.
—Admiyalon, Is.

eTHEATRE-ROYAL ADELPHI. - MONDAY,
TUMMY, and WF.DNF.SDAY.—WoudertaI Scenic Meta to
Fairy Spectacle of TIIE PILCSTOM DANCERs; or. The Willa
Bride. Welk, Madame Celeste. With TILE MAIO WITII THE
MILKING PAIL. Maly, Mrs. Fitorilliam.—And POWDER AND
BALL
On SATURDAY NEXT trill to produced a New Gmn,l Romantic
Drama, called COLUMBA, TUE 0011SICAN SISTER; or, The
Twelfth at August.

COVENT GARDEN THEATRE.-A FREE
ADMISSION (not trannteraltie) for sale.—Apply, by letter pre-
paid, to It. S. T., laithiur a s eirtdaig Library, Adam's-terrace,
etutden-tarn.

-uhr portoo.

MAILS.
The overland closed malls, ens Marseilles, towill the
be made he
Metlitenunui,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Von; Kong, Sec., up on t
evening of the _4th Deiamber.
The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz., and Gibraltar,
will be made up on the morning of thc 2dth December.
The mails for New South Walen, Van Diemen's land, and New
Zealand will be made up on the evening tithe 3lst December.
The West India mails, including th for Mexico, and
the Ilavannah, will be made up on the morning id the 2nd January,
oe,rlawl mails for Gibninar, Malta, eirreoe, the limian Island.,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, llong-lione, and China, rid Southampton,
will be made op on the evening of the 24 January.
The mails for Briti4l North Amerioa, Bermuda, and the United
Buttes, will be made up on the eveniag of the 4th January.
The mails fd• the Brazils, the River Plate, Monte Video, reniam-
hue'', Bahia, Ma hire, and Buenos .tyres,will be chspateheil on the
evening ul the ith January.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
••• Adaornament., intended for The Ex yres,, London meningpaper,
moot at the Office by Two o'clock on the day of publicatiuu.

HIGII WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
Teo DAY —Morning, 15 min. poet 4 ; Afternoon, 3, min. past 4.
To-Maamow—Morning, min. past 5; Afternoon, 27 min. past 5.

LONDON, TUESDAY, DEC. 22.
Trw first great end proposed by the series of
government measures for the regeneration of Ireland
is the due employment of the population, and the
proportioning of the demand to the supply of labour.
All will admit that this is the primal object to be
looked to, and to be attained by no violent, coercive,
or revolutionary measnro. Now, any one measure
would infallibly have much of this character, if we
consider the enormous quantity of at present super-
fluous labour to be dealt with.
One of the chief causes of Irish distress is, that the
peasant population has been allowed or incited to
increase, not in proportion to the demand for, and to
the wages of, labour, but to the possibility of the
peasant squatting for himself, and extracting a
scanty sustenance from a small spot of ground. This
has been, in reality, an abdication on the part of the
Irish landlord of his proprictorial influence and privi-
leges. his negligence or his political ambition have
given birth to a mongrel class, which is neither that
of day labourer nor of land tenant, but which
has all the bad qualities of both, without the
good qualities of either. As things are, such
a peasant is of no use to the landlord. Without
capital, or skill, or stock, or aught save his labour,
the landlord can only extract rent from such a tenant
by grinding him to the lowest grade of subsistence.
The peasant feels that he is worth no more, and he
submits, until, perhaps, a little more weight is added
to the burden, a little more taken from his means,
and then he rebels and slays; for lie is on the verge
of existence, and rather than be pushed out of it he
is ready to turn outlaw. This feudal mode of keep-
ing serfs was tolerable when food was abundant
and produce stagnated in the grange or in
the field. However low the peasant was kept
in the scale of civilisation, at least lie was fed. Mo-
dern times, in Ireland, have merely superinduced the
privations of actual famine, with more light from
knowledge to see and be conscious of them.
Were Ireland indeed as advanced as a portion of
this great and wealthy empire might be, it would not
be found to be over-peopled. Without speaking of
the:numbers of its agricultural poptilation,which might
be transferred to the manufacturing, a transterrence
taking place in the northern and improving counties of
Ireland, the rural population itself, which gives
seven millions of souls to fourteen millions of amble
acres, is not more than such a number of acres might
find in profitable employ. That, however, cannot be
done at once, permanently.
Opinions are very varying as to the amount of real
destitution in Ireland. Some witnesses before the
'-' committee of last session spoke of two and one-
millions of paupers ; others estimated the num-
.., one-third of the above estimate. And both may
true. At certain times there may be two-aad--
-

millions of paupers in Ireland. There is nearly
1 a million of houses of the worst or fourth class in
Ireland, of which the owners certainly require to be
-4 in the Kale of earning and of lite. Nor can there
iy hope of elevating the mass, unless the upward
rnovenunt be felt by all simultaneously. To locate
• thousands here on waste lands, and get rid of
thousands more in emigration, leaving the great
pauper element unmingled and unmodified with
-sme richer and better ingredient sufficient to change
'kole tone and colour, would be of no use. But we
4 fairly calculate that the abstraction of 150,000
labourers from the common current of agricultural
employ would make a sensible difference. We see
at present that the employ of not quite 300,000
labourers on public works has left the farmer without
aid in his agricultural business. The permanent
abstraction of half this number would probably
ye no more than a fair supply. And if by apply-
to the remainder other measures, such as greater
fixity of tenure, compensation for outlay and im-
provement, with the poor-law screw threatening, in
case of neglect, to tighten upon landlord, farmer, awl
labourer, then we do think that fair hopes might
--.tertained for bringing Ireland into a normal

Jut how employ the 150,000 labourers ? By the ope-
ration of the acts lending money for permanent
-lprovements and drainage, and by that for the
zlaiming of waste land, which is in contemplation.
A surely cannot be impossible to absorb 100,000 male
labourers. From the evidence of the manager of the
Waste Lands Improvement Saciety, it appears that
j,OOO acres may be reclaimed, at the outlay of a
pound an acre, furnishing permanent employment
for 2,000 people, and bringing a large profit on the
outlay in the lapse of a lair lea,e. In the 2,000
people, there should be 500 male labourers. The
reclaiming of waste band, therefore, in counties
cavourable to it, especially the maritime ones, offers
large and profitable field for the permanent occupa-
and location of a large proportion of surplus

labour.
The reproductive improvements under 9th and 10th
'Tiet., and the drainage acts, afford a wider source of
tporary than of permanent employ. It still, how-
r, does enlarge the cap anlitics of employ, not only
rendering more land productive, but by increasing

i 11 find in I
done at
Opini
destituti
I : Lords'
third m
ber at o
,
1, be true.
half mi
half a t
Ireland
1 i raised i
be any
DIOVCM
some t I
some tl
pauper
some n
its whr
may fa
l'i . labour(
1•emplol
at pre
' labour:
aid it
abstrai
t
leave I
ing to
i ' fixity
proven
I ' ' case of
Il
labour
be e
state.
But
ration
improl
1 . ' reclain
l it sure
labour
'I
Waste
10,000
pound
for 2,0
outlay
people
reelair
I . I favour
a larg,
I i tion I,
labour
The
111 of Viet
tempo
1: i : over, II
11 by ret
111
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