The Express.
London, England, 1848-05-29 00:00:00

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.

COPENHAGEN, MAT 20.—The occupation of Jut-
land by the enemy causes great exasperation ; but the
public feeling is excited by the promised aid from
Sweden, which is reported to consist of 26 squadrons
and 22 battalions, besides three batteries of horse
artillery.
It was reported at Hamburg on the 23rd that
Russia was disposed to conclude with Denmark au
offensive and defensive alliance, on the same terms
as those of the one which cilia' between the latter
power and Sweden.

PAPERS RELATIVE TO DISMISSAL OF SIR
R. BULWER. _

-•- - ---
There papers, promised by Lord Palmerston, have
been laid before parliament:
No 1 of the documents is a letter from Mr. Bulwer, dated
March 1, announcing the demands made by the Spanish go-
vernment of the chamber to raise what mosey they please,
and arm themselves with dictatorial power. This, our envoy
states, cannot but exasperate the opposition and lead to out-
breaks.
Its No. 3 Mr. Bnlwer mentions a conversation between him
and the Duke of Sotomayor, Mr. Bulwer deprecating such
arbitrary measures as likely to produce insurrection, the
Spanish minister promising that the extraordinary powers
were only in terrerees, and would not be made use of.
No. 6 mentions the progresista petition against the dicta-
torial measures, warning the Queen that it would provoke a
danger that had not yet existed.
N 8 describes another conversation with Narvaez, in
which the latter declares that the army would not t.lerate
a pr,gresista government.
No. 11, from Mr. Bulwer, is as follows :-" March 22.
The senate and congress have been just suddenly prorogued
or suspended, not on amulet of any troubles in the country,
but di cnisequence of the ministry believing that a large
number of the moderado majority were sheet to withdraw
their support from them. The important tact to state is,
that, at the time, instead of two parties in the congress there
are three, and that neither can count with assurance upon
the chambers"
In No 14 Mr. Bulwer gives an account of the rising of
the end of March. It is said not to have been sanctioned by
the leading progresistas, although, they were banished on
account of it.
No. 16 and following are from Mr. Bulwer, interceding
for Van Helen and others, and alluding to several English
persons who had been shot anti ill-treated in the insurrece
tion. The answers of Sotomayor show a desire to be
humane:
No. 18 is a letter from Mr. Bulwer, dated April 1, which
contains the following: "In a conversation I had this
morning with the Duke of Sotomayor, I expressed to him
my views as to the impolicy of the numberless arrests of dif-
ferent persons, and especially the seizure and deportation,
without any formal trial or cause alleged, M.
two such die-
tinguished deputies as M. Oloamm and M. Escosurs, sines
such conduct renders it men and more difficult to return te
legal government, while it is incredible to suppose that
there could be any intention of maintaining for an indefinite
peeled the military rule now imposed. Nor is this, as I told
the hake, all the mischief that attends the course now en-
titled woo. If there is no fear or probability of a revolt).-
ties, theta can be no necessity for such violent and arbitrary
'measures; and if there is a revolution without its natural
thief., it will be a revolution of the populace, with new and
violent men at its head, a ciecumstance which will neeso
eerily carry it much further than it would otherwise go.
The duke answered me by stating that the intention of the
present government was in favour of liberty and toleration,
when these could be ftranted, but now this could not be so ;
that the idea of forming any liberal government, even with
the chiefs of the liberal party, was a delusion ; that there
could be no government but the present ono, except the go.
vernment of the mob , that for these reasons the present
ministers defended, and would not cede their posts, and that
consequently the antuments I used could not apply."
No 22 has been already published. No. 23 marks the in-
creasing disaffection of the soldiery.
The letter of the Duke of Sotomayor of the 12th of April,
rending on Mr. Balser, mil the latter's reply, follow.
No. 29, a letter of Mr. Bulwer, dated April 16, to the
Duke of S.domayor, contains the following: " In expressing
a wish or a hope (and this was all I expressed) that her
eatholic Majesty's government would thus strengthen itself
by calming the irritation which no one can deny is at this
moment at work in the Spanish peninsula; and by rallying
rouid it the more favourable opinion of other enlightened
countries, accustomed to consider the acts to which I have
alluded, when unexplained and unjustified, with sentiments
of reprobation, I certainly never thought of imposing an
opinion upon or dictating a policy (however rational in itself /
to the cabinet of wnich you are a conspicuous member; I
di not think that a Spanish cabinet (a constitution still ex-
' isting in Spain) could be shocked by the observation that
rational liberty and enlightened justice were the best founda-
tions for a throne, nor that the Spanish people could ever see
any insult in the supposition that they are mere likely
to be contented under an authority that supported itself by
the presence of their representatives and justified itself by
the explanation of :its conduct, than under: a system of
government which, dispensing with the one and the other,
should r.ly solely in moments of peril upon the valour and
fidelity of an army. My advice was, however, simply and
solely advice ; meant to he couched in no unfriendly form ;
and most readily will I admit that if the Spanish nation
prefers a government the most abhorrent to English feelings,
it has a perfect right to that governmest, and that it would
be an act of foreign usurpation, which her Majesty's govern-
ment is not likely to commit, to attempt by measures of any
kind to compel it to receive any other. There are cases, in-
deed, in which mere advice from one Fovernment to another
would be a questionable act of propriety and interference;
but where it so happens that one government has received
particular support from another, and this on account of par-
ticular principles, and more especially, where it so happens
that the former government may still entertain the hope that
if the struggle in which it has once been victorious were to
be renewed, it would again receive similar assistance trout
its late auxiliary, here exists one of those peculiar cases in
which, without any attempt at dictation, a state which has
proved an useful ally, may say to that state which it has
served : " Take care ; you are in a moment of danger ; be-
ware that you do not separate yourself from three principles
which wore the original features of your cause; in this
manner you may lose the throne you desire to maintain ; in
this manner you may forfeit the support of your best friends
both at home and abroad ; let me beseech you, even if your
intentions en good, to avoid arraying, if possible, appear-
ances against you."
No. 30. Mr. Bulwer to Viscount Palmerston.-Madrid,
April 22, 1848.-My Lord,-As the subject of my recent
correspondence with the Duke of Sotomayor has roc lead an
importance which does not intrinsically belong to it, from
the tone and manner of his excellency's communications to
me, I am induced to enter into some particular explinations
as to the causes of, and as to my reasons for, the conduct I
adopted. The first question suggested is that of " right;"
and here tho Spanish government has endeavoured to
confound all governments under the same principle, without
distinguishing the very peculiar circumstances under which
the Spanish government is placed. It is not, in fact, a point
now to decide as to whether we can or cannot mix ourselves up
so the internal affairs of this country. That pointwasdecided
--decided at the special request and intercession of the gores*.

to settle-this being nn other than the gwstios us
of ten parties should rule fii rigour.... ` k
account of the
Meet sou spilt fur this tart•, ~,,T y Ftnrlaiael_ Q+
end at this ve time ®'oty we, spin.
the contract into which we sintered is hoty~ t,°t°mod;
onuslty coked, and answered, to •o coneltrr to till deter
the quadruple alliance t„ be in eti, eatx. N„w if u,;,
parties therein, in diem that part I lw~ prhtect ,m. of
by another party. Moreover, this .ee, ementl'ilvd itarin
made by its mainly, repeat, on account of th:-.2:„.„._4144/
fon h ray that party whoseLAW., W
u-
Itt
therefore, can it be and that we h.,. Lb „ssev,
Five advise to those, or to rams oar vice
ject of the conduct of this. e hose bib -,Z
"On
gravely compromise ourselves, to srt,..s fate
a certain way bound, and for whine 1,12 t
tannic nisjeety's government noon towards . principles
iwtwistroinsiltion ma eMillnaitallatdellgr.l.le gleaned. The rigpt I hie y ours, and, at
ts
disputed es lung se Queen Isabel,. is or debtor se-
and that we stand in any particular wee cum
her as to the future. But righ s, ii must be,:d„,„,....11111t
exist, are very often to be lett on erounits ~1 pol,cy ,het
erect; end every precaution should alsn be teee. fs6.-Zmay'
them, to do se opportunely and in the best must I-91
feel thie and under ordinary cireunist.eicee should t
uiought it advisable to give advice v. tne Spann:la,.
sent on internal affairs, or should have elven it M th
formal and most unofficial mann, r. Boi the position 7"
matter* stand here at present invery III" • ,
particular party, certainly the weakest in point
tat sass•
ben in the country, under the protection sad f
of the terse French government, obtained
about five years since in ti is country It imomieg,
'armed a large army entirely co it. -,wo partisan, , and
armed throughout the country the eetional rood
other citizens whom it could not rely eosin. In this ,aaib4 0
'-
instituting at the first a system of t, rrer which droll.. 'i../-
verearies into exile, or induced them to hide the
onha
from public attention ; it also formed a corks ,a
there was only one individual in op t• iNtSI UM. Wi,bus
or less exaggeration, this policy was preserved until thews,
into power List year of et. Pacheco, who, though of the se;
minant party, was a man of justice and moderation. 1.)"
his government, and that of his successor, M. gem?,
(though both goireenmews were, to use the Sunni*.
" moderado" governments), a greater degree of liberiyal -
justice was allowed; an amnesty being granted,
tine becoming more free. At this time, bee._
M. Doyens wu everturnen ; Queen chk a
.tiu-i
instantly called to this cepital, and a am
considerable abilities and violent eheraeter wee plead
head of the cabinet. This change, etrengly approved diy
the late French Monarch, was supported by ths
of the late French government, but 014 monarch sal;
verament were suddenly overthrown. Tree into in rOwel
Spain, nevertheless, were yet determined to hold a dame-
thority they had obtained, and to strain every -
spoon of
government rather than to allow pow er to escape free thit
hands. The majority they had in the eerie. sunned
suspension of the constitutional guarauties fir the hberszg
the subject, under the promise that this power slink le
most mildly used, and that the said carte, should* Sae
sitting to control its use. No sooner, however, had thpiii
pawed, than the cones itself was pmrovued, and oa • taw
(declared by the government statement to be t at
of an inaignifisant mob) occurring, almost every es,
tier of note in the progresista party ea. arrested or Mama(
and some of the most distinguished deputies were Ma/
and imprisoned, with an apparent intent to deport Menai
a,l this without the parties thus treated being told of tbij
offence or submitted to any sort of trial. In the meanies
extraordinary largesse@ are given to the soldiery and pole.;
the cabinet proroguing the cones further until the ea g
the year, placing the whole country under military lately
investing itself with all the authority of the lurgieleia
by passing decrees, a custom which it had itself aam
time since declared illegal, and fur which the meta kg
given no sort of permission whatsoever. While the ps
'eminent thus attempting to support itself solely by se*
force, and treating men who had never yet utensil
their allegiance as rebels and traihee ; discredit in
crown on one aide, and destroying the chances of teeing,
regular government from a moderate opposities on th
other ; people who never dreamed of republicanism She
become republican, addressing th, meelvss to Frame oils
day, as the other arty did to France of yesterday. Cu
piracies of all kinds are set on fed; the army nal( it*
corrupted and becoming disaffected. S rong chases u
beginning to exist that the throng we hod helped to ra
may be brought to the ground. In this nate of cireenam
cos I consulted my instructions; I had already acted em
them by giving friendly and intimate advice withal s
effect being produced. It began to very probable th
C iunt Montemolin might thew himself, supported byll
liberal party,: and with the cry of the convitatis
1812;-this was here canvassed on o e side, a Testi
on the other. Now, if the Pretender raised his bum
proclaiming constitutional principles, and we wen elk
upon to support Queen Isabella, her catholic Minetyg
holding military government, it would be difficult fermi
support the military government against the counting
11 one, or to desert Queen Isabella suddenly, on the pes
that we disapproved of the course she hod panued,si
there was some proof that we had so disapproved. My
official conversations had no authority Even if bee Coy
Majesty fen without exposing us to this difficult fudge
miler question, it might be said " why did not Mr. Bah
I warn the Spanish government of the dangerous mane la
were pursuing ? Verby did he laid do so with all the cos
tbst a formal communication If the views of Gnat lhit
would have afforded ?" It was, my lord, in view of slid
various probabi Wes, that I gave the sanction of your I
slip's name, and of my own opinion to the advice I prow
to offer. It was not, that lam aware of, couched 's
proper terms; I did not, therefore, expect a violently ha
gaiety, or that the present goverhment ro Spain wouldue
amongst Queen Isabella's enemies her Majesty'sgoverso
with more than the precipitancy with which it had inch
in thin category distinguished and loyal Spaniards,. Tb
salt shows I was mistaken.
No. 35.-Sir Henry Bulwer to Viscount Falmento
Madrid, May 3, 1848.-My Lord,-A variety of ma
seating to me with information as to what different men
of the Spanish government stated respecting the cud*
her Mejenylegovernment and my owe, I thought it b
to have a frank and explicit conversation with the Del
Sotomayor thereupon at once. I consequently allele
Excellency, and after stating the rumours that had coe
toy knowledge, spoke to hint pretty nearly as follows:"
seem to lie under two errors. First, you think any cm
I pursue in conformity with the spirit of my irutructii
to be a came of personal hostility inwards await;
secondly, you hmagme that if her Majesty's govern
buma wish to smite a sympathy, and consequently
beilleses Spain and England, points o
yea may lane d WIN gondust u likely to alienate his
the good wishes of the English people, the English go
aunt is your away, and leagued with s revolutionary
,in this country. Now lint, es rupees myself, nothie
be so oestzary to good sense, to the ordinary pretti
courts and the world, as to make political or diplomatic
reuse between two states the motive of individual
towards the representatives of suce states. It nude
business difficult and next to impracticable. Can sae
bar of the government accuse me of a breach of ulnae
attention ? Is there any rumour ae to my conduct
reaches you, and which you can believe, that my order
home do not account for? Speak to me always Iran
such cases. I know the ridiculous stories trumped
police agents,. who must pay in tales ih. it salary. 11
be volunteering answers to every imegivary report;
shall be ready to hear from you any rumours, and I
you every explanation they can require. Let us ado
condom for uurseves individnelly. In regard to halt
geeneament, it can never further or authorise revolt
iseltemes in any part of the world. But there are certain,
political right and wrong which form part co our 1
moral character, and indeed part of our national pow
opinion is of itself a diplomatic arm ; this opinion I
consider ourselves called upon to express in certain a
particularly in those cases where, in consequence
opinion, we hare taken in public matters en active pa
the civil contest of this country. But you are not
pose, on account of what we say, that we go furth
what we say. We may not think the policy now
Isere favourable to the interests of Queen Isabella;
do never wish to see on that &mould her Catholic 11
throne endangered ; that we say any thing on the
o
e
t
o
ter. sa
ise
t a
s
ne
course. The Duke of Sotomayor, I am bound to say,s
their
then,hi
la
proofr
more
ld real
tar °t•hnhj
ae oda:
that
DF
iivt
ms"setmhntseeingcontrary.ugovernmentceat• ingp yr
ogrewishesletnt hottkeiyi:t ou*rr'ri youllketute mrhic
cordially
nrrtr
e:ool things
in it:,
these observations in &similar tone. Be aid he was de
I good relations with our government, that he had a
mord and friendship for mysel., and that he was I
accept my assurances as to the one and to enter into
explanations as to the other, That though he hid'
assert as relative to the situation of his own goveral
could, thus appealed to, understand the news di
regulate mine, and that, moreover, he would now,
the future, accept the invitation I gave him, and
me unreservedly with respect to the reports that e
plirtetelyresdadinshioatofedmdp'nehtailibiraanlicduwibusinwtothhithhcesshi:tr. har;Draorpeceru‘
irtr:diiiint.n.simwrathitemehen7tio:celoa;
tranlaborn7,lttwiowon of the idle stories that circulated in th
parted apparently very good friends, he atonal
should write the same to M. Issuritz ; and I oho
sent home this communication to your lordship wi
satisfaction but for the unfair publication in Paris
of our recent correspondence, so introduced to the
must say, as to give a very false idea of its real na
Pu'r e.
ministerial press having induleed in daily.
on Mr. Bulwer, the latter complained, and ri
answer the hint that the English envoy mightpred
the
mayor,journals,
w
No. 60 is a private letter from Mr. Bulwer to 1
merston
ntotribmu.teetht the beeigecalwauyinnacnts7rdwiiongfotor Mthr.eßVuuklwl
Madrid, Ma 16, 1848.-Ever since relations I
rably re.established between the Duk.. Soton
myself, I have done my utmost, a.. y m percei,
ovate and continue them : for a iniueet this coon
likely to succeed. But when on the ~roe vile tb
ment here found that the publicatioe of roc note of
of Sotomayor, without :my expls, rev answer.
created misconeeptMns in England; anti when on I
the reasons for ginng such advice (if it ever wee to