The Express.
London, England, 1847-06-10 00:00:00

at on. The abolition of cumulative penalties 111$14
As, will soon send house to knit') move to follow ; dates with respect to the eelxml Of
bat emigration or oolonisation is not the business of ought to be ucertained ; and that, at leseCth-e—.li
the mare operative. fiat of hares from the list of game sliould be • r*
This opinion will, doubtless, atrp/Or iltarding
tion of every cue, should also be pram Ada
Arm to many who have taken up e b,,lief that emi- same offence, and the public and repeftwi sty' ti
peagrtiadon
rimy off the game laws, so justly designated by Buck
PA
a preaisaeounifinatiadtryavana,awftagemiihttuitttofffadub
ey will This is significant of a speedy abrogation
with diminished means for ilk ir county make themselves acquainted with thi-nts."e'
moNi
most energetic spirits and much of the capital Of the butard slipof the old code of tyranny, the fore. L'e
say that at this rate emigration
country, leaving behind all the most help lea Let a few active and independent farmer, Cj4e
gr3nanongtagetlrsels..7l.:olhteensgraily-
candidates..
members of society
support. Brief reflection, however, will suffice to evidence against the game laws recurded before--el
show that many a man may be useful in an old Batoufs committee, and let them apply tio
country where labour has been parcelled out, and • go so acquired by putting county canditb,...k
business so organieed by Gee and wont, that °Emmen of th., question on the subject, and there 7:j?
mediocre talents can direct the toil of a hundred diffis'ulty in predicting that the game I -vs sou
mindless hands to good purpose, who would be pealad by the next parliament.
utterly helpless in a strange land, where they must at
every tarn invent new means of overcoming difficul-
ties never before experienced. And there are limits
to any drain of talent and capital that emigra-
tion can occasion. A higher class of inventive
talent can be employed with advantage in an old
country than a new, and higher rewards are offered
for its exertion. The old country will always be able
to command the services of the very beet of the class
who have nothing bat their heads or hands to
depend upon. Again, few who really possess inde-
pendent fortunes—who can afford to live comfortably
in the old country without excessive toil—are disposed
to try the bush. The capital carried out by emigrants
may be considerable in its aggregate amount, but
each individual will carry out a very small sum with
him—the emigrating. capitalist is he who possesses a
sum to begin life with, which might have given a
man a chance in the days of our great-grandfathers,
but which is unavailing now against the competition
of mammoth capitals.
They who understand aright the exact nature of
the advantages offered by emigration' will see, not
only without alarm, but with pleasure, the small capi-
talists of Ireland, and the most ingenious and energetic
other youth, transferring themselves to the other aide
of the Atlantic. Every six farmers who emigrate will
leave land enough to make a farm of proper
size, and which a man who has the skill and means
to cultivate it well, may take without danger of
being shot. And when this can be done, it will be
found that there are plenty left in Ireland with
money invested in the strangest ways, who will be
glad to turn it to account as farmers.
The meson by, which the tree emigrant class are
to be induced and assisted to try their fortunes in the
colonies will afford matter for another article.

The system of colonial government in Algeri
vies to reecote the attention of the public
Nembere in Paris owing to the rapidly upon,'
demands on the treasury proceeding from the :41,
military force by which the native pv1,40131
coerced. The Chomber on Monday and Tos,da
we
engaged upon the enibject of the extruotdirrary
demanded by the government on this accow
stead of manifesting a more and more wiled ex
tion, the immigrant population of that colony bee ;
exist with safety only when a sentry box is at the,
doors. The augmentation of the military fa"
entry for their protection has increased in a
higher ratio than the colonists themselves, 47
the 'military force in Algeria was, in total limo;
18,000 ; in 1834, it was 30,000; in 1838, 48,000
1841, 70,000; in 1843, 78,000; and in 1844, 101,4,
There is now a still further increase &minded by
government.
The The scandalous instances of corruption sad pen.,
lion in every branch of the public service, which
day after day brought to light, from the subject doe
versation in all circles. On this subject the c„,
Monarchique rays:
Nothing is spoken of in drawing-rooms ems,
public places but the humiliating ',petted,. vtiki
official world affords. What overwhelming revtlatium!
authenticated scandals! What examples fur the my,
What lessons for the men who have delivered theaselee.4
to the government through fear of diiturhalice ! It new:
no doubt, to learn from the mouth of DI. de Castelhaeca
since 1830 the number of functionaries has iamb
40,000, which throw on the taxpayers eighty asrya
additional, in fixing the salary of each functioeiwynni
2,000 f. But that injures only thee who pay the bolt
The pillage of the state by these some functionaries Xr
different gravity. A government tax-meprer, volto legal
in several seaports, declared in the Rochefort pecettpA,
without any one venturing to deny the truth of inesesex
that he had seen persons employed, at ssalaryof ewe
three thousand francs, amass in the °our.e of teesty
two or three hundred thousand franca. It has hem prem.
by letters from Algeria, by the recitals of traVriilTS set bl
the complaints which the unfortunate colonists Amman:4
addressing se the government, that functionaries atilgun.
with 4,000 f., have brought bark, at the end tit tat gm;
fortune of 150,000 f.
M. Guizot, who first declined to give any Wimps
tion to the Chamber respecting the bat-mina
Portugal, has been compelled, by the unexpected la.
nouncement of the communications to be made nate
English parliament by the ministry eta that sabject,a
yield to the demand of the opposition. He has dex
terously gained time, on the pretext of collecting 0;
necessary documents, but with th- real purple if
waiting to hear what will take place in the BMA
parliament. He has postponed his explanations is t
week.

A CASE occurred a few days age in the Court of
Queen's Bench which indicates somewhat strikingly
the anomalies of the game laws. The questions dis-
cussed in the court turned on technicalities of pleading,
with which the reader will not care to be troubled.
But the substance was this: the plaintiff, a gentleman
named THOMAS, had let to the defendant, Mr. FRE-
tDhEeRnI,C,K,
"together
a mansionh-housefreein tanhedcoeuxnetlyusoivfeCriaegrm of
arht
sporting on the plaintiff's manor." The agreement
contained a stipulation that the defendant should com-
pensate the plaintiff for any damage which might be
done by the game to the land in the occupation of the
plaintiff's tenants, and that the amount of compensa-
tion should be assessed by two arbitrators respectively
appointed by the game letter and the game hirer. Of
course damage was done to the tenants by the game,
for no amount of game worth paying a rent for can
be kept upon cultivated laud without serious injury
to the growing crops ; but the defendant declined to
appoint an arbitrator to estimate that damage, or to
make any compensation. At the trial the plain-
tiff recovered damages, and the defendant now
tried to get rid of the adverse verdict
on sundry niceties of special pleading. Damages had
been found by the jury for damage done by rabbits
and game ; but as rabbits are not legally game, and
the agreement having specified game only, on that
ground a new trial must be had if insisted on by the
defendant.
Now just contemplate the state of things indicated
by this case the lord of a manor and au estate has
reserved to himself the exclusive right to the game
and the rabbits, his tenants dare not touch a head of
these wild creatures which are fattening on their
crops from seed-time until harvest, and then, from
caprice or necessity, the landlord lets his mansion-
house and lets with it his exclusive right of sporting
over his tenants' lands. In the lands of the owner of
the estate there might be some limit to game preser-
vation, inasmuch as a " large head of game" is very
apt to cause rents to run in arrear. If the land-
lord's game devour the produce of the land
—and, in so devouring it, destroys not merely
the profit, or surplus produce of the tenants,
but their actual capital—the land must year
by year decrease in fertility, and the tenants, less
and less able to meet succeeding rent-days, must ulti-
mately quit their farms or be ruined. This forms a
practical, though very Incomplete, check upon game
preservation by landowners on their own estates.
But with a game hirer there is no such check. A
gentleman who hires a mansion and a manor is sure
to he an ardent game preserver, for shooting is usually
the great business of his life. lie has no bowels of
compassion for the tenants; be has rented from their
landlord the legal right to stock their farms with wild
animals to the full extent to which the produce of the
land will support animal life ; he has no fear about
the consequential non-payment of farm rents, for that
is no concern of his ; he has his bond, his agreement
for the "free and exclusive right of sporting" over
the estate; the law is such, and so will it
be awarded by the judge. Why should he
not keep up ais head of game ?" That
was why lie rented the 'squire's mansion,
and gave him perhaps a rent of double its value. We
remember an instance in which a country mansion,
when let with the manor, produced a rental of 4001.
per annum, but could only be let for 301. without the
right of sporting ; and such cases are not uncommon.
Now, if the landlord has let his farms to his tenants
at their fall value, can anything be more unfair than
that he should pocket an artificial rental for his man-
sion really derived from the game which devastates
his tenanta' crops ?
Farmers have hitherto submitted to have the game
reserved by their landlords more from habit than
anything else, and there is now a strong and growing
feeling amongst the tenantry against game preserva-
tion ; but no farmer has ever supposed, even when
taking a farm belonging to a game preserver, that
any serious amount of the farm produce is to be con-
sumed by game. On the contrary, he is always
assured by landlord and land agent that he shall not
be injured by game—that no great stock of game is
intended to be kept, except in the woods and park—
and that the landlord always takes care by feeding
his game, to prevent injury to his tenants. If
611 farmer has not the caution to insti-
tute strict inquiries in the neighbourhood, he is
very apt to be deceived by these plausible statements,
sad to give up all further contest about game. But
in fact, from one cause or another, either from a
promise that game shall do no injury, or from some
kind of illusory, perhaps verbal, promise of payment
for game damage, should it happen, land is very
seldom let for less rent by reason of the reservation of
c irord,
. It is therefore manifestly most unjust, that a
after he has let his land for its full value to
forming tenants, should make a second rental by let-
tln the manor to a game preserver.
Indeed, the improvement going on in husbandry,
and the highly artificial method in which it is now
aseessery to preserve game in cultivated districts, if
it is to be preserved at all, have combined to render
game preservation a grievance well nigh intolerable
to the tenant farmers ; so much so, that we have no
doubt that in many rural districts it will have an
influence upon the elections which the landed gentry
bat little anticipate.
In East Lothian the tenant farmers have formed an
anti-game-law association, and propose to contest ths
representation of the county on that question, which,
in fact, involves the point of whether land shall, in
these days, be dealt with on commercial or feudal
ciples. This is an important issue, which it well
.meg the intelligent agriculturists of East
Lothian to put in a eradicable shape for trial. And
there are other districts in which farmers will make
their feelings upon the monstrous wrongs inflicted on
them by the game-laws, and the preservation of game,
known to county candidates, though they do not yet
find themselves strong enough to imitate the Scotch
farmers in putting up a candidate of their own. Thus
we learn that at a meeting at Downham, in Norfolk,
of a number of the most influential agriculturists of
the hundred, where sundry resolutions in favour of
malt-tax repeal, and so forth, were passed,—" A
general feeling prevailed, that the views of the canal-

The Unicers announces the death, at Neplea
Cardinal Acton, and of Cardinal Pigndelli, std'
bishop of Palermo.
Accounts of the continued fall o grain in the us
kets are received from all the provinces.
Letters from Geneva say that M. James Parey,ail
led the revolution of last autumn, is elected u pas
dent of the government of that canton.
A report was circulated in the Chamber cm Ts
day, that government bad received a telermkt
despatch, bringing the news of the subminica of di
Junta of Oporto.
It is now generally believed that the Deb
Broglie will not go to London ' • probably he ism
willing to submit to have beside him in the permit
his secretary the real agent and private oarreepaige
of Neuilly.

Our Madrid correspondence of the 3rd bas bee rt.
ceived, but is without interest. The sitattion d
public affairs in that capital has undergonemese
(heir Majesties still continued separated, the kat
consort still remaining at the Pardo. Althoelk
has occasionally visited the environs of the espi,
he has never entered it.
Enieutes of a serious kind have broken radii
provinces, in consequence of the dearness of brie.
There was no Bourse on the 3rd, in consequesci
the festival of the Fete-Diem

FRANCE.—FItIOSTEB.—The l'botte publishes
letter from an officer en board theVoltigeur,dued Postdate,
April 19, in which, in giving an account of the enders
the Belle Poule frigate in the hurricane in which shen
caught at the beginning of December, he alludes to de
probable fate of the Berceau : "The Belle Peale wu hire
her beam-ends for two hours, without being able toe t
herself. Her officers deliberated upon the nursey d
cutting away the mizenmast. The inremut was sph
topmmt wee carried, the hull damaged, and the bets wssYs
off by the sea. The gale lasted only a few hours, but der
towards the shore, so that the ships were obliged to best,
against it. The frigate was able to reach moorings at Sso
Marie, where she quickly repaired her damages, and ishiste
her foremast. The Bureau must have gone down, he
part of her has been se.n, except sumo few pieces of ens
drifted on shore. Among them were some bats, the pa
of a boat, and an oil-painting by Lebreton, which weak*
turn cabin."
HAGUE, JUNE 7.—The number of vessels vit
corn coining from the Baltic which passed Elsinore hes*
7th to the 30th of May is as follows :-40 vetaels boud
the Netherlands, and 12 for Antwerp; and, by way oft'
canal of Schlessug7liolatein, 17 for the Low Cowrie is
1 for Antwerp. The Netherlands steamers which ironic
Elsinore a short time since have already deputed kr*
Netherlands, having in tow several vesicle Wee snips.
The Surinam left on the 27th, with three sews. is
Semarang, on the eiening of the same day, with has woe.
and the Cerberus, which sailed during the night. W
two vessels in taw. Several Dutch papers haw nph
Baked the reports circulated in London the* the dila
has again appeared in the potatoes. It is ear spiv
that reports of this nature are likely to Iss
dicial, and to have an unfavourable inflame sa tht Fs
both of corn and of potatoes, and it is thinks eisiali
that reports of this nature, which are altorthw
foundation, should be contradicted as speedily al Pss*
and we seriously warn all persons not to Pwrreihrt
which originate with designing specalaton.
reports have been spread respecting the rye is
Doi
provinces, which is affirmed to have the ewe Mama Ist
year. This is moat formally contradicted by the fthol
Gazette, which states that the rye is enyeallt
the harvest may be expected in the Nowa*
the beginning of July. Surely the evidenced au evrt
and the reports which reach us from every Vim. 11:7
an us with glad assurance that Divine Providew,„..
abundantly bless our lands, so that the earth 01 **,
forth her fruits in due season. Jptl
—Considerable excitement prevailed all that
in consequence of its being the one fixed he W*%"":7;
of half the members of the Chamber of Ber***ii
of the Senate. A grand struggle took plies 5t,04711
ended, contrary to general expectation, in do
Cogela, the ministerial candidate, by a Isre o'l'
in
is a very important triumph for manatee',
sop
shows that a change of opinion has taken plate,l,..
mercial metropolis of Belgium, and inasmuch asintrl
M. Cogels, two years ago, in that very
scitft."M;l
for the break up of the Northomb admimetratateli7,
the chambers had been convened aftev the 11•1',..-
election. M. Dechamps, one of the members of thol7;
has been returned for Charlerny. At Most the
...70
doubtful, as a scrutiny has been demanded; at
Louvain, Termoude, Malines, and AtE, lb'
candidates have been returned ; the elections at
are of great importance, as there has bees
there) are doubtful, but up to the present time
h. To,
of the ascertained returns for the Chamber of .•
tires are in favour of government, and the retrowe
Senate are balanced. It may be added that di rm.;
attach very great importance to the punt eitor:4'
Brussels the five liberals were returned, bit *Oro
opposition. The triumph of H. Cogels, at AstolLs
defeat of the party of M. Itogier—the as
formidable opponents of the ministry. ,Ohl
ITALY. —LEOFlORN.—Journalistn is uw...7.00
in Tuscany. On the Ist June, Florence will
It
new periodicals—La Patric, Elmore, and L
hMM
horn will have at least one. A pro:iv:Lau *
for abolishing Tribunals and Economic Poiltrfe• "'"
be a greet service to personal security.

COLONIAL
BARBADOZIL—The Islam, arrive& s, U
brings cheering accounts from this island,
which extend to the 6th of May, represeat Tal
at beautiful; the yield of the crop exce:ttc& the WI
of the most sanguine.

FAO/
OMY'S-INN, JUNE 9.—Riohard _
Req., and Matthew Cornbe, ER., were this!ligg,
degree of barriiter-at-I,w, by the lioriot _arAO
Oray'o-ino.