The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-22 00:00:00

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13 THE DUCHIES,

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Hamb to the ev-eaing of
ndsburg urg, in Holstein, of the

armistice having been con-
has been repeatedly mentioned
'talk. Such, however, is not
kely to take place but we may
o hear of another battle. Dia-
lace amongst the Danish troops
battalions }lto e been sent from
ler amongst them. The Duke
at Itendsburg on the 17th by
evening the town was inutile.
'rince Radziwill had left natal
Itendsburg, and General
cd there to take the command
the prince, of the Prussian
It had also gone to Rendsburg.
in preparation at Rendsbutt
ming members from Schleswig
lent. The provisional govern-
martial law in the duchies. A
held at ltendsburg on the 18th,
le commanders of the German
when an ultimate decision Air
o shall have the command in

A detachment of Prussian cavalry had been taken
by railway from New Munster on the 18th to Rends-
berg, and 3,400 Prussian infantry were to start for
the place on the 19th. 1,300 men of the 12th regt.
bid arrived on the 18th at Hamburg from Berlin.
The following is given as the list of the Danish
Taan-of war now in active service:
ghee; Galathes, 20 gene? Natters, 20 guns ; the Flora
lo pu the St. Thomas, 25 guns ; the Mercurius, 2.5 guns
slot 81. Croix, 2.5 guns ; the Gefion, 46 guns ; the Thetis, 46
ions; the Delphinen schooner ; the Pilen schooner ; the
Neptune cutter; the Heel* steamer, 200-horse power,
goosed; the Geiser, steamer, 160-horse power, armed ; the
Skirner steamer, 120. horse power, armed ; the ?Stir
warner, 80-horse power, armed ; besides a flotilla of gun-
beau, armed with two guns, 60 and 40-pounders each. The
gooli government has besides-6 line-of-battle ships of 6t
popguns, 15 frigates, ssehooners, 2 steamers. and 85 large
ad smell gun-boats, which can be put into active service in
gam 14 days to three weeks. 2.5,000 mariners in all, in time
of war, stand at the government service.

MADRID, APRIL 15.
I am able at the present moment to give a more
authentic account of the diplomatic corresp?ndence,
which has recently passed between our minister and
the Spanish government.
Mr. Bulwer 's note was sent to the Duke of Soto-
mayor on the 9th. The purpose of that note was,
sot to let pass so remarkable a change in the condi-
tions under which England has hitherto supported
the throne of Isabel 11. as that which has taken
place since the dictatorial pow& voted to the govern-
ment, and the consequent suspension of the Cortes, as
if such a change were a matter of perfect indifference
to the English government. It being necessary to
break silence, the language used by our repre-
sentative was plain and firm, but as far as
possible from the tone of arrogant pretension
to dictate the internal policy of Spain which the go-
vernment affects to resent with such emphatic indig-
nation. In fact, he represented that the object of
England, in helping to establish the throne of Isabella,
and to defeat the pretensions of Don Carlos, was that
Spain might enter into the full enjoyment of those
free institutions which England has been mainly in-
strumental in promoting throughout the world, and
which it is the great guiding principle of her foreign
policy to create and support. In contributing to bar
Don Carlos from the throne, and to extinguish his
claim, it was fur from tie intention of Eng-
land to lend a hand towards s Isabella,p a
system of military despotism under such
as had now been established. If that military
despotism arose merely from the necessities of the
moment. and if there existed any prospect of its being
speedily removed, and succeeded by a return to a
constitutional form of government, the case would be
different. However deplorable, it might be tolerated
in consideration of the urgency of the case. But he
perceived with regret that, by removing the heads of
the progresieta party, without instituting any form
of trial, or assigning am grounds for the presump-
tion of their guilt, by banishing and imprisoning
those into whose hands power would naturally be
transferred in case the Queen should, according to
the practice of representative governments. think
proper to change her advisers, the government were
not only exercising an arbitrary and absolute power,
but establishing a necessity for its continuance, under
the auspices of the same political party. The choice of
her Majesty lay no longer between the present minis-
ters
and men fitted by their social and parliamentary '
position to succeed them; but between the present
ministers and the multitude. This was not merely a
suspension of the constitution, which England had
helped to establish and agreed to support ; it was sap-
ping the very foundations of that constitution ; aad it
was impossible that such a course could be viewed
with indifference by Great Britain. Such a state of
things was perilous in the extreme, forcing the people
to resort to insurrection to obtain that translation of
power which was peacefully provided for
by the constitution, and removing the hands
into which the translation could be safely
effected. The abolition of the constitution was
sought to be justified by preparing the alternative of
anarchy. And if under the present state of things the
existing government should by chance succumb in
the struggle which had thus been brought on between
themselves and the people, anarchy would in all
probability be the result. It was fearful to contem-
plate the consequences of a successful insurrection.
Not only was the throne of Isabella in jeopardy, the
the personal safety of the young Queen and the
royal family was endangered. It was far from the
practice, of the government of England to dictate the
internal policy of her allies. But she could not
behold with indifference those free foreign insti-
tutions, which she had made considerable sacri-
fices to establish and confirm, brought to the verge of
ruin by the exercise of that arbitrary policy which
the had contributed the blood and treasure of her peo-
ple to avert. Under these circumstances he earnestly
counselled the Spanish ministers to return without
lass of time to that constitutional course from which
they were daily diverging more and more, with such
imminent danger to the throne and country. He ad-
shed them to assemble the cortes again, and to ex-
pose before the legislative assembly the reasons of the
vceedings which they had thou"ht proper to adopt
for the maintenance of public order. Thus, perhaps,
it might not yet be too late to rest their administra-
tion upon a legitimate base, and to restore security to
the country. But he warned them that if they continued
to hold their present course, which was nothing more
tor less than the most unmitigated military despot-
ism, the throne of Isabella 11. would forfeit those titles
to the active support of the English people, which
had hitherto been admitted ; and that if the unex-
tinguished Catalonian insurrection in favour of the
Count of Montemolin should assume later a formidable
aspect, the present Spanish gore rnment could enter-
tain no hope that any future assistance would be fur-
nished to it by England, such as had been given
against Don Carlos.
Scch was the tenor of Mr. Bulvrer's note, which
was not only justified by the instructions which he
had received from Lord Palmerston, but accompanied
br an extract from his lordship's despatch (written
tefore intelligence had been received of the Madrid
insurrection and the consequent proscriptions) sug-
gesting the necessity of reminding the Spanish go-
vernment of the understanding upon which England
mpported the throne of Isabella.
The ministers held a cabinet council upon the night
tithe 10th, to consider the reply which should be re-
tuned to the note of the English minister. The
wrath of Gen. Narvaez was boundless. The leading
high moderados being consulted, fooled the dictator
to the top of his bent. The answer of the Duke of
Sotomayor was in harmony with the universal indig-
nation of the moderados. Instead of justifying their
conduct in Spain, the ministers drew a picture of the
miseries of Ireland; and resenting, in the moat vehe-
ment language, llritish interference with the domestic
concerns of the peninsula, advised us to mii.d the
chartists and repealers, who would no doubt give us
serif enough at home. What answer would a Spanish
minister get who should venture to read the govern-
ment of her British Majesty a lecture upon the state
cf the United Kingdom ? He would be told to mind
hisbosiness. And such was their answer to the Eng-
lish minister in a like case.
Mr. Bulwer, entirely passing over the outrageous
petulance of this production, sent a second note, in
which he stated that the parallel drawn between
England and Spain did not exist, in fact ; that Spain
had never contributed to found the throne of
Mum Victoria, or to prevent it from being
robverted by civil war, nor had in any way
helped to establish the British constitution, and
much less entered into a compact with the British
government for the maintenance of that constitution.
like grounds, then, upon which an absolute
ZtiProcal parity was sought to be established
ween the two governments, did not exist, and,
00110equently, all reasoning drawn from such pie-
t!!ael must tall to the ground. He, therefore, con-
that the answer returned to his previous
ante
__ would not prove satisfactory to his government
,lbe government received yesterday the official
acknowledgment of Isabel 11. as Queen of Spain,'
by the court of Bavaria.
The scarcity of silver is such that the discounting
thlwatlmiLask 10 per cent. for changing the notes of
rhe wife of the ex-minister Escosura sent peti-
tions to the Queen as d Maria Christina, demanding
oludieate, to prey that her husband might not be
lest
to the Philippine Islands. Both petitions have
morainal
ry
nel unanswered. Mendizabal, who has not
spokeaez for 12 years, called on him yes-
rniglYt be
request that Esmura's place of exile
entthreaatties what
tf
chaneed to the Canaries. Nareaer
answered
hmeanhad denied to the
argent
of his political
tunds
he would now grant COy the intercession of an

adversary, and requested Mendizabal to communi-
cate the commutation of her husband's sentence to the
Canaries to the Senora Escosura. This lady is the
mother of five daughters, the eldest of whom is only
ten years old. The family, notwithstanding the high
employments held by its bead, is in extremely re-
duced circumstances, a fact fir from dishonourable to
the colleague of Salamanca.
Yesterday passed without any disturbance, not-
withstanding the alarm which prevailed. A univer-
sity row, of no political importance, has taken place
at Zaragoza ; the provincial news from other parts
give no note of disturbance. Baralt and Acevedo
were set at liberty yesterday.
The Clamor says, I know not on what authority,
that yesterday a courier arrived with despatches
from the French Provisional Government, demanding
the expulsion of the Duke of Montpensier from Spain.

MALTA, APRIL 11.

The man who deliberately murdered a poor woman
at the village of Segguci, was tried yesterday, and only sen-
tenced to two years' imprisonment. As there was no evi-
dence to prove premeditation, that is to say, nobody was pro-
duced to whom he had expressed an intention of killing the
woman, and asked to come and see the performance, it was
considered in the light of determination of blood to the
head, and had a less punishment than a fellow who stole
some fowls and was condemned to imprisonment for life!
The Maltese laws, as they exist, are disgraceful.
The trial of Antonio Aszopardi, for the murder of Marian
Grasso, the Sicilian, took place on the 10th. He remived
the usual murdirer's sentence—imprisonment for life.
Bernardo Sultana was also tried the lame day for the murder
of Carlo Vella. Contrary to all precedent, he was found
guilty " unanimously," and in consequence sentenced to
be hanged. The governor, new that one is actually caught,
should make an example of him ; it he doea not, he can
never hang another man without murdering him.
The Admiral, Sir L. Curtis, finding that the Volcano was
not in sight at noon on the sth, sent the Locust out to look
after her. She fell in with her about 25 miles from Gum,
quitelight, having consumed nearly all her coals. They came
into port at 2 30 cm. of the 6th. The Volcano had been
compelled to put into Oristano Bay, and the island of St.
Peter, in Sardinia, from stress of weather. So feeble is the
steaming power of this vessel that she is stated to hove been
spun round like a top by the force of the wind. This time
she was only ten days from Marseilles. Toe Osmanli screw
steamer arrived the same day from Liverpool.
The French ship Louqsor arrived on the 7tb, bringing us
the first account of the revolutionary movements on the con-
tinent, and the settlement of the treaty between America
and Mexico. The blalta Mail publishes the following from
an authentic source Important Information.—ln the
month of June next, the Bombay mails will be closed in
London on the let, instead of, as at present, on the 3rd, and
will be conveyed by steam direct to Marseilles, touching at
Gibraltar. The mails despatched through France will be
closed in London as heretofore on the 7th of each month,
and on reselling Marseilles will be put on board the English
steamer (which leaves Southampton on the let) there wait-
ing, and thence he forwarded to Alexandria, touching as
heretofore at Malta. The same route homeward is to be
adopted. Ne alteration is intended to be made as regards
the Bengal mail, despatched on the 20th and 24th
of each month from London. It is as yet uncertain
whether the Provincial sm.l Oriental Company, or her
Majesty's government, will convey the Bombay mail. This
would certainly be a novel way of expediting the Bombay
mail, especially if the boat from Southampton should happen
to be fifteen days going to Marseille*, five to Melte, and
another five to Alexandria. It is looked upon here as au
invention.
On the Gth, in consequence of a notifieation from the
American consul of the death of the late president, John
Quincy Adams, all the veleta of war had their colours halt-
mast. The French connate also had the tricolor half-

mast.
By the French steamer Leonidas, there arrived on the Bth
from Naples the Marquis Nicola Santangelo, ex.mi-
nistar of the interior at Naples, and his brother, the Cava-
lier Santangelo. It is said they will co hence to England.
Some more Jesuits from Civita Vecchia, some of those ex-
pelled front Rome, also arrived by the same steamer.
Three English line-of-battle ships entered Naples Bay u
the French steamer was leaving, and saluted the town. The
engineer department is putting the Martell° towers on the
coast in a state of defence. and erecting telegraphs upon
them, to correspond with the palace signal station. Several
other Martell° towers are to be erected.
',tun received from Constantinople state that Sulieman
Pacha, the ambassador of the Sublime Porte at Paris, hail
arrived at Constantinople by way of the Danube. The
Hon. M. C. Ashburton was hourly expected from London
to fill Lord Cowley's place until the arrival of Sir Stratford
Canning.

ALEXANDRIA, MARCH 20.
In consequence of the political manifestations of the
Italian, French, and Austrian population here, his Excel-
lency liosrew Bey has addressed the following circular to the
consular body .—" Circular.—Cairo, March 20, 1848.—Mr.
Consul.General,—The manifestations relative to the events
which have lately occurred in several countries of Europe
which have taken place at Alexandria by the foreigners ye-
aident in that city, the Egyptian government is glad to ob-
serve, have been generally made in a decent and moderate
manner; but their renewal,and above all the character of pub-
licity which they will not fail to take, in multiplying,may have
inconveniences which it is the duty of the local authority
to prevent and forme. The nature of the privileges apper-
taining to strangers, as well as the limits of their rights are
determined by treaties • the government of his highness
cannot exceed them, and in respect to the conventions
which regulate the conditions of the residence of strangers
in Egypt, he considers himself authorised to call for the
strictest and most perfect observation. The government re.
quires of you, sir, to explain these principles to your country-
men, and intimate to them that a constant application is
due, not only to the good understanding which has
always existed between them and the local autho-
rities, but also the perfect security which every-
body enjoys in Europe; and I am expressly charged
to request you to use your influence and your au-
thority over the people belonging to the trition which you
represent, to the intent that for the future they may im.
plicitly obey the regulations in regard to strangers, and pay
all due deference to the laws of the country.—l have the
honour to be, sir, &c., HOMEY, BEY.
The greatest calm reigns in all our commercial affairs, and
all our produce has fallen. G,OOO ardebs of beans have been
sold at 36 piastre*, and 1,000 quintals of cotton at IGO. The
following prices are nominal:—Wheat, 50 to 5.5; barley, 32
to 34 ; Indian corn, 30; linseed, 05 to 75 ; sesame, 120; gum,
400 piastres.

SMYRNA.—A caravan of twelve persons, carrying
sixty thousand piastres, coming from Bergerac to Smyrna,
was stopped by eight armed men about ten leagues from
Smyrna. The robbers fired upon the caravan, killed two,
and wounded two others. They plundered it of all the
money, and got clear off. An armed party was sent after
them from Smyrna, with what success is yet unit, own.
Another party has since been plundered near Kouldh, by
the Zeybecks, who robbed them of near two hundred thou-
sand piastres, but did not ill-treat them. Trade of all kinds
is completely at a stand.