The Express.
London, England, 1853-09-22 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1853.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

A must serious change has taken plate in the
posiiion of all the parties to the negotiations carried
on at Vienna. In his Memorandum which is now
before the cabinets of England, France, Austria, and
Prussia, the Czar sweeps away the cobwebs woven by
the Vienna diplomatists over the real Eastern ques-
tion, and the Powers of Europe are again brought,
nolens rokns, face to face with the original difficulty.

The news that " the Czar had rejected the Turkish
modifications," which was received in London on the
13th inst., was founded on two communications

signed by M. de Nesselrode, dated St. Petersburg,
Sept. 7 (N.S.), and addressed to Baron Meyendorff,
Russian minister at the court of Vienna. One of
these—which reached us yesterday from Berlin and
Brussels, and is given below—was to be read to the
Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs, who was also
to have a copy. The same despatch was also for_
warded to the envoys of Russia at London, Paris, and
Berlin, with instructions to read it to the mi-
nister of the court to which they were accredited,
but not officially to deliver a copy, Russia thus
marking the fact that she recognised the interven-
tion of Austria only in her difference with Turkey.
The second communication received by M. Meyen-
dorff was a note instructing him personally in the
views of his court on the new turn of affairs, and
discussing the modifications of Iteschid Packs point
by point. Being of a private character, its contents
have not transpired.
In the first-mentioned despatch, u will be seen on
examination, M. de Ncsselrode confines himself to a
statement of motives which must have compelled the
Czar Li priori to reject any modifications whatever in
the Vienna note. He says, " that to accept the
modifications at the hands of the Divan, after he had
acceded to a note considered satisfactory by the me-
diating Powers, would be incompatible with his dig-
nity." But the Czar is not content to leave the ques-
tion upon this ground, where it might appear to de-
generate into an affair of wounded selflove.
M. de Meyendorff was informed by the despatches
before-mentioned that a memorandum, treating of
the difference between Russia and the Porte, would
shortly be transmitted to the governments repre-
sented at the Vienna conference. This important
document is now in the hands of the ministers of
France, England, Austria, and Prussia. It goes to
the root of the matter.

The Czar declares that although he had his own
objections to the Vienna note, considering it as less
than he might demand of the Sultan as a satisfac-
tion of the wrong he had sustained, yet that he re-
garded it as virtually conveying to him the same
rights as the Menchikoff note would havo done.
He assumes that England, France, and Austria meant
the same. The Czar in fact read the note as
the Turks read it, as Englishmen and Frenchmen
read it. in fact as everybody read it, except the
little world of diplomatists and their disciples. He
considered it as transferring from the Sultan to him-
self the right of intermeddling in Turkey, which he
demanded with threats, upon the failure of the Men-
chikoff mission. This interpretation is fixed on the
Vienna note with so much torce, and contrasted so
clearly with those modifications of Reschid Paeba
which reserve the independence of Turkey, that it
seems impossible that the Vienna note, with its nicely
balanced phrases, can any longer serve as the basis of
mediation. Austria for her part would not feel any
difficulty in admitting whatever interpretation of
the " note," might be most agreeable to the Czar.
She entered into the negotiations in the first instance
merely to avert a war which must be carried on near
her frontiers, and which might end in bringing her
into yet closer proximity with her powerful neigh-
bour. But France and England, while equally
anxious to preserve peace, have declared outright
against the spoliation of Turkey, whether her terri-
tory or independence were in questiou. This con-
stitutes the present inconvenience of the Russian
memorandum.
Yesterday we published an article from a recog-
nised organ of the Austrian government, in which it
was declared that the Turks must accept the Vienna
note. The Nesselrode despatch which we publish
today attests that the Austrian government is
pledged to that of Russia, and insists upon the
acceptance of this note by the Porte, or withdraw
her intervention, and the accounts which reach Lon-
don from Vienna show that she is acting '
up to the
i
spirit of the obligation. "On the 12th nst. " says
the Vienna correspondent of the Dante, " a courier
was sent to M. do Bruck, at Constantinople, with
'the final instruction, of his court respecting the pre-
sent difficulty. M. do Bruck is instructed to
declare to the Porte that in demanding its
adhesion, pure et simple, to the Vienna note,
he acts in strict conformity with the inten-
tion of his government, as well as with the pre-
sumed intentions of the other powers, allies of
Turgey, represented in the Vienna Conference. He
is also to declare that this is the last time that Austria
will aid the Porte with its counsel in its debate with
Russia.

Letters from Vienna of the 17th state that on that
day the representatives of the Four Powers met
again in conference, when a proposition to draw up
a note to the Porte, giving to the Sultan such assur-
ances respecting the force and meaning of the Vienna
note as would remove his objections to acceptance,
was discussed and rejected. The IndTesdance
Bettie says that after this incident the ministers of
France and England declared that before all things
it was necessary to work with energy to induce the
Porte to accept the first note. Instructions they
said had been sent to Lord do Mich& and M. de is
Cour to that effect.

We have advice* from Constantinople to the Bth.
The Porte had published its second manifesto in the
Stale Gazette. Tho document is for the most part a
recital of the transactions which have passed relative
to the Vienna note, and the motives which had in-
duced the government to make alterations in it.
Without being of so warlike a character as had been
supposed, its language is much more energetic than
that of the first manifesto ; it also contains the anti-
ranee that the Porte will persist to the last in the
honourable attitude which it has taken.

On the 15th ult., 9,000 Egyptians left for the
army of the Danube. The remaining 6,000, who
were on the Bth at Unkiar Skelessi, were to embark
on the next day to rejoin their comrades.
The Bey of Tunis having informed the Porte that
his contingent was ready, but that want of trans-
ports prevented their voyage to Constantinople,
orders were given at the arsenal to appoint a num-
ber of steamers to fetch the troops of the regency.
"We are expecting," says a correspondent, " the
early arrival of courier, from the allied courts,
urging the ambassadors to press the Turkish govern-
ment to make some further concession. These ,at-
tempts will all be vain. The Turks are resolved to
concede no more, and every day seems to confirm
their resolution. The Sultan himself, who at first
hesitated, and inclined to conciliative means, will
now hear nothing of an arrangement which should
satisfy the pretensions of Russia.
"Bedes the placards which are every night
posted on the walls of the principal mosques, the in-
habitants of Constantinople publicly sign addresses
to the Sultan and his ministers praying them to
march against the enemy, and to wait no longer for
the support of France and England, which have just
proved in the clearest manner that Turkey must not
count on them. Thew addresses and placards have
an astonishing influence, and it is impossible to see
at what point the popular effervesence will cease."

COUNT NESSELRODR'S CIRCULAR NOTE.
ST. l'Erstisninto, Atm. 26 (SseT. 7).
"To Ilia Excellency Baron Meyendorff, Envoy Ex-
traordinary c.nd Minister Plenipotentiary of his
Imperial Majesty at the Court of Vienna.
" With the despatches of your excellency of the
18th (2tith) of August we have just received the mo-
difications which the Ottoman Porte has made in the
draft of note drawn up at Vienna.
" M. de Buol will only have to recal the expres-
sions employed in our communication of July 25, to
comprehend the impression which these changes
have produced on his Majesty the Emperor.
" When, in the name of his Majesty, I accepted
the draft of note which the Austrian government
announced to us as a document approved by the
courts of France and England, and which she pro-
posed to submit to the Porte us an ultimatum, making
the continuance of her good offices dependent upon