The Express.
London, England, 1847-02-11 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, FEB. 11.

ON the first day of the session Mr. CanttrriE gave
notice of a motion respecting: the admission of the
centers to the Universities ; but it seems by the notice,
which now stands for Thursday, that he has extended
his plan, so as to involve a general inquiry into the
university system. We doubt whether he has acted
wisely. The injury to the country, to the Dissenters,
and to the universities themselves, from the exaction
of tests as a condition to matriculation, or to obtain-
ing degrees, is so considerable, so unnecessary, and so
flagrantly unjust, that we believe a vigorous exertion
might secure the abolition of the obnoxious practice.
It depends principally on the inclinations of the go-
verument, whether an inquiry shall be granted or
not : and it would, after all, be uncertain whether it
would lead to any practical result. There can, how-
ever, be no doubt that the roposal to admit Dissenters
will form a main part of Mr. elfilltaleS motion, and as
we believe the real merits of the question are little
understood, especially by members of parliament, we
shall endeavour to explain both what the existing. re-
strictions are, and what arc the reasons urged against
the removal of them. . .

Oxford, as is well known, is consistent and com-
plete in its exclusiveness. By requiring a subscrip-
tion to the Thirty-nine Articles at the commencement
of the academical career, it effectually excludes all
Dissenters, whether they are willing to conform to
university regulations or not. At Cambridge no re-
ligious test is required, except as a condition for the
degree of Bachelor or Master of Arts. Every kind
of college and university honour up to that point is
freely and impa.tially distributed not merely to Pro-
testant Nonconformists, but to Catholics, Jews, Turks,
Hindoos, or Buddhists. A few years ago a Jew was
second wrangler ; somewhat later, a Quaker was
fourth wrangler. All the sons, we believe, of the
present Duke of Notteottt, though strict Catho-
lics, were educated at Trinity College ; and one
of the most bitter enemies of Franke and Giaours
now to be found in the service of Metreurr Att, was
a few years ago a fellow-commoner of Trinity Hall.
Many of thesersons, and of others similarly
situated, belonged to the most respectable and value-
bM class of students. In private society, as in public
competitions, their respective creeds were never taken
into consideration; their want of orthodoxy in no
way interfered with the spirit and practice of Cam-
bridge education. It is only when all the mischief
is done, when the minds of the innocent majority
have been corrupted by intercourse with dissent,
when goats and sheep, churchmen and non-churchmen,
are about to separate, and to mix in a world where,
alas, there are now no religious tests, that the state has
imposed upon the university the obligation to
inquire into their belief, or rather into their religious
, ',Fillies. We say religious politics, for it is a curious
circumstance that Sootch Presbyterians seldom or
never refuse the test, while their co-religionists in
England consider themselves excluded by it, evidently
on the ground that it is political dissent and not reli-
gious disagreement, against which the test is directed.
It is true that this anomaly results from an accident.
When the test was imposed, the degree of Bachelor of
Arts was to many students rather an era in their
university career than the conclusion of it ; and it
also was far more important both in general cedar"-
tion and the civil privileges which it conferred, than
at the present day. But our argument is not affected
by the change of circumstances. If the university can
now allow students of all persuasions to complete
their academical course without injury to itself, or
violation of its principles, it lose, all plea for
objecting to the grant of a degree, which is practically
little more than a certificate that they have passed the
examinations to which they are in fact freely admitted.
The value of the degree has on all sides been
exaggerated by the defenders of University exclu-
siveness. In addition to the certificate which it
involves, it gives an inchoate right to form one
of the governing body of the University ; but a
single vote in the senate, deprived as that body
has been of its initiative and administrative power,
involves little advantage to its holder, or risk to thee;
who may be affected by it. The real object of eon li
-
tention among those who understand the point of dis-
pute is mach less the degree itself, than the claim which
would subsequently be advanced to an equal share in
the college endowments, and in the authority which
the possession of them confers, We are fully pre-
pared to show that this claim also would be just ; but
to the meantime neither the Universities nor parliament
have a right to refuse the abolition of the test for
matriculation and graduation, because it might lead to
a further demand. The separate education of the
Dissenters is a grievous injury to those who are
immediately affected by it., and a chief cause of the
unpopularity of the Universities. With all their de-
fects, those institutions stand alone in Great Britain as
cultivators of sound and thorough knowledge, which is
not merely professional. From their peculiar position
they cannot compete as medical schools with those
institutions, which have the hospitals of great
cities at their command. Their deficiencies in meta-
physical philosophy and in scientific theology are
connected with the repugnance of the national
opinion to these pursuits : and English law is too
crude and heterogeneous a mass to be learnt but in
the chambers of a practitioner. It is enough to say,
that no where else in Great Britain is any branch of
study so completely and thoroughly mastered as are
the peculiar studies of the Universities within their
walls. There is no each intellectual discipline to be
obtained by those who are excluded from them; and
one of the many disadvantages which has arisen
from the exclusion is the tendency which it hae pro-
duced in popular opinion to connect the notion
of bigotry with the University system. The
Universities are misunderstood, and they encourage
the rr: aiderstanding. Accused of a narrow theology,
afraid to ••• the truth that the real cha-

they are a.. avow tn,
racterietic of their education is not theological at all.
They affect obnoxious religious objects, and conceal
their intellectual influence. Performing in practice
a far nobler task, they pretend to be mere schools of
Church of England orthodoxy---mere plates for re-
ceiving and reproducing impressions of the catechism.
We proposed to state the objections which are
offered to the admission of lhasentere—but here, after
many yearn' reading of many pamphlets and hearing
of much idle talk, we confess ourselves at a loss for
some plausible and tangible reason. For the con-
ventionalities which are pat forward in place of
arguments we refer our readers to the speeches
which the University members will make on
Mr. CRRISTIE'S motion ; but genuine objections
to the degree itself, considered without reference to
ulterior changes, it is not easy to suggest. We
hope that in speaking of Cambridge we may be con-
sidered as having disposed of Oxford. If heresy, se-
dition, and all wickedness are no farther encouraged
by intercourse with non-conformists than has hitherto
been the case at Cambridge, we do not think that the
country at large will encourage the prudery of Ox-
ford in protecting itself from the same risk of contami-
nation. And what can Cambridge object to, the
granting of degrees? Dissenters will no &relit come
in greater numbers wkn tlae stimps,
from the degree is remoiect; b6t the -system which

admits one will be applicable to all. There is really
no sectarianism in the Cambridge system. It is
only to conciliate public opinion that it is from
time to time assumed. Here and there may
be a theological lecture, which is, we believe,
never compulsory. Of course Dissenters could
absent themselves. There is morning and evening
service in the college chapels. Why not give Dis-
senters a dispensation? It is probably said, that at
present they hold by sufferance the advantages which
they would then claim u a right : but, in fact, they
have the right already. Up to the time of the degree,
a Mahometan, who chooses to contOrm to the usual
regulations, is as fully entitled to all the advantages of
the university as the son of a bishop. If the univer-
sity contrives to tolerate him now, it would require
no further contrivance.

We hope Mr. CHRISTIE, who is well acquainted with
Cambridge, will insist on the undoubted fact that educe
tion there is, as it ought to be, secular. In 1834, when
the question was agitated before' innumemble statements
were made of the amount of theological instruction
given in various colleges. It has, we believe, since
been increased, and no doubt assumes a formidable
look upon paper. The only answer to those state-
ments was the unaffected surprise of those who had
recently completed their career, at finding that they
had all the time been employed in learning theology.
Some remembered to have occasionally heard lec-
tures on the Greek Testament ; all were aware that
they had passed an easy examination in Paley's Evi-
denote; but that the most thin-skinned of Noncon-

..en; but Mat Lile _
foinnists could have been the worse or the better for
all the theological instruction inflicted, it never oc-
curred to any one of them to suspect
All this we have thought it necessary to write in
support of an opinion expressed by the House of
Commons in 1772, embodied by that house in a bill
sent up to the Lords in 1834, in maintenance of the
proposition that a declaration of conformity not re-
quired by the church of its communicants should not
be enforced by the lay corporation of the university
on its members or graduates—that a test which it is
not thought necessary to impose on a lawyer, or a phy-
sician, or a judge, or a peer, or a member of parlia-
ment, may be dispensed with in a young man of
twenty-one, who aspires to the dignity of a Bachelor
of Arts.

AMONGST the measures of last session, by which a
prospective free trade in corn was attempted to be
made palatable to the landed interest, was the
Drainage Act (9 and 10 Viet., c. 101). This act was
avowedly a sop to the landed proprietors, and has, we
think, scarcely received from the press that attention
which the importance of the principle involved in it
deserves. The object of the act was to authorise the
government to make advances to owners of land in
Great Britain and Ireland of money, to be expended
in draining, which is to be carried out under the
superintendence of the Inclosure Commisaioners.
We have, from time to time, reprinted from the Ga-
zette the lists of applications for loans under the act, from
which it will have been evident how few proprietors
are availing themselves to any considerable extent
of the benefits offered by the act.
Hitherto the Scotch proprietors have been the most,
and the Irish the least ready, to apply for such
loans. In some instances the amounts are large;
thus, we find in Scotland, that Mr. JAMES MATHESON,
in Roes-shire, has applied for no less than 56,0001. ;
the Earl of STAIR for 70,960!.; Mr. ALEXANDER
MATHESON for 26,4201., while several others require
fifteen, eleven, and ten thousand pounds. And the
sums applied for ranging from five thousand to five
hundred pounds arc very numerous.
In England, the largest sums applied for are
16,9171., by Sir E. M. VAVASOUR, to Yorkshire;
15,3041., by Mr. JOHN BOWER, in Durham; 31,4081.,
by Mr. ROWLAND ERRINGTON, in Northumberland
and Cheshire; 12,8161., by Mrs. ANNE CORSET, in
Shropshire ; 18,0001. and 20,0001., by the Duke of
SETHERLAND, in Staffordshire and Salop ; 30,0601.,
by the Earl of LONSDALE, in Westmorland and Cum-
berland; 47,1331., by the Earl of CARLItLE, in Cum-
berland, Northumberland, and Yorkshire; and 20,000!.
by the Earl of ELLESMERE, in Lancashire. The minor
sums applied for in England are less in amount and
fewer in number than in Scotland. In Ireland the
sums applied for have been insignificant. As
an isolated measure passed to appease the once
dominant landocracy, the operation of which would
of necessity be limited, the Drainage Act might have
been allowed to run its course without any marked
attention. But when we see the extent to which the
landlords, especially those of Ireland, seem to rely
upon public aid for escape from difficulties mainly of
their own creation, and that an extension of the
system of loans to landlords for improving their own
estates is advocated as desirable in Great Britain, it
becomes necessary to examine the principle of this
measure. We have now before us a pamphlet on the
Drainage Act, published apparently with a view to
collect and create opinions in favour of an extension
of the act. It consists of five somewhat rambling
letters originally printed in the Globe newspaper, at the
beginning of the present year, the writer of which—
probably a landowner—while advocating the exten-
sion of the measure, unconsciously shows to what an
indefinite extent compliance with his suggestions
would call upon the public to subsidise the British
landowners.

Now let us not be mistaken we do not undervalue
land draining; on the contrary, we deem it the most
important improvement required over a large portion
of the soil of these ialands; and, moreover, that it is a
necessary preliminary to all other improvements.
The writer we have referred to says his purpose is
" to suggest a measure now fortunately recognised by
the legislature," and with that view he makes three
propositions ; "first, that occupiers should be admitted
to the benefit of the act ; secondly, that the measure
should be extended in amount and made permanent;
thirdly, that it will be better administered by private
companies than by a government board." And he after-
wards suggests that government should lend to public
companies at 3 per cent. " sums equal in amount to
those which such companies may each constitute and
raise of private capital." Here then the public funds
are still proposed to be applied to an inde-
finite extent in enabling the owners of land to
improve their property; and sundry allusions to
expedients for increasing " British grown food " seem
to smack of the language of the now almost extinct
Protectionists. Why is it that our landed interests
cannot imitate the self-reliance of other interests 0

When we recollect the sources from whichour public
revenue is raised, and the burthen imposed by taxa-
tion on our national industry, the " statesman " who
would coolly propose the application of the public
funds to enhance rents, will not, when the present
pressure of scarcity has passed away, be regarded
with much favour.

If any such measure were to become permanent
there is no doubt that it should be extended to
tenants, who as the writer says, when " Under-leases
are certainly the most economical and judicious, the
most extensive and efficient improvers."
But it does not, therefore, follow that the state
is to supply the tenants with the required capi-
tal. Nor is it necessary. There would be no lack of
capital ready to be embarked in farming and improve-
ment of land, if the land was offered upon terms
which afforded security to the tenant, and to the
capitalists, who might afford him accommodation.
To some extent the assistance of the legislature
is required to effect this completely, but far
more may be done by a clear perception of their
• own interests on the part of the landowners.
The actual possessor of an estate ought to be
enabled to grant lessee of at least 21 years dura-
tion, reserving fair rents, though even on settled
estates that can commonly be done now. The true
obstacle to improvement by tenants is an unwilling-
ness on the part of proprietors to part with that do-
minion over their land which cannot co-exist with the
proper security of the tenant.
That the owners of settled estates should be
enabled, by means of simple registered deeds, to
charge their property with terminable annuities, for
payment of improvement, is so obvious an adeantago,
so as the present absurd system of entail per-
m' to continue, that it only need be ma
be assented to. But the advance of loans for that per-
pose by the state is quite a different thing. If krai-
owners be desirous of themselves und
improvements, and can sell annuities either
vidwals or companies, let them have every facility it
so doing. But the real improvers ever have been stia.— . '
will be tenant-farmers ; and the more complain
is the possession Accorded to the tenant, 'P'
more egiletl,ll4.4l he,iinprove his farm. We _ .
moreover the preeent.no,extended, in the opining inimsito
some, to
.the rechamatian of wild land, as
(9, Altritkolg, nawlegl all the processes which • •
have hitherto n undertaken by pi ivate entea‘

is
rse.Now 011
Oen "'llia has
fie," and it is
abandoned prate
all such methods
of the landed int
into the market
requires
that the
public Weal imp
no longer rely on

A FATAL aasau
luxuries, of the
London or Mi&
A es
„managed.
court sentences
to indulge them*
Quack advertise!
despatch."

We have been
the present semi
that wife-murder
to letter-stealing,
constables, as oar
to seven. The q
vourably for w
women. An nag
taken for a will
assaultcr, is pun]
labour for a year
on a wife, w(
which produces
incarceration.
lightest offences,
which the Centre
The circumstanc
Perhaps we ma:
Is it that a Br
which counsel
" as men, as E
are supposed to
vating habits
feeling is consu
so petty a seater
the traditional vt

propriety interdii
be the cause of tl
recognised by
In framing I
will assign a
ble and imcnias
called. Mr. STAI
justifiable, loci&
seems to have n'
Latin word may
clearly, not murd
entered the brain
court. How aho
of the formalities
concealment of tl
in wait for
darkness, the pi
pervading remora
rally done in cro
light, with the I
hand, amidst the
once, and the a
seldom any of t
love of gain, the
the desperate
meant for robber
is the victim. A
beating his will
Tired of beating
is the result.
from his Sund
layed for half-a
ready for him a
omitted to leave
be begins to asst
dragging about
fortunate helprn
ing groans and
partition of tl
neighbour more c
the husband stool
Bittres than a
formed a stern bu
rous, brutal, and
every day's news
sentation. Did I
hanged for such
it from numerom

feu ourselves ut

Is it by the aim
not be the dirt
death as the reel
beating, but thi
consequence, whl
dicates as depmv
committing the
ever proved at N
Is it by the rel
guards and sand
may be more elm
of bloodshed, an
effectually guard
gestions of whic
quent than those
killing a wife
odious to right j
a traveller's bra
cutting a thrust I
not contemplate
hideous of these
pears to us
the most cow
the most cow
by human be
to protect itself
severely visited
of murder), ins
which degrade i
or picking a pa
Our criminal

sion. We since
in the emendee
which, as it vii
should have,
aggravated pun

The social r
from which for.
has been force
hitherto taken
merely super&
untouched. Ou
been addressed
beyond the la.
stronger than
hitherto existe,
had long been e
attempt its rem,
Opposed, on th.
plan, by his own
all the great at
first attempt ; I
succeeded. Th
Be. ni has
Ottoman
1 ‘ntaidon
oNr which,e a
2 ehv addressing
iui ernslir,n M markets.
takenefp
hisr
into the human
Palmerston, an,
ship on this sul
Porte to Bader]
money, and wi,
congratulating
done the taus
infidel Nestorn
envoy of the p,
reception whirl
imn Bey. H
delight,' to h,
considers as
and as one of t
words of Nark
unfortunate Ch
whilst Bederia
Sword give, 1
triumph to wii
is the old trick
worn threadbe
with susses, b
succeed so v i
]story letter fr
as fatal in ate 't
Medicia wake.a
and diamo,dB,

Now this system is a remnant of protec-
cchich ban so long been the " bane of agricul-
tore," and it is the duty of public men who have
abandoned protection to agriculture, to put a stop to
611 such methods of bolstenng up the false position
of the landed interest Landlords must come fairly
ism the market with their commodity, and justice
nquires that they should have a clear stage, but the
public weal imperatively demands that they should
no Luger rely on legislative favour.

A FiTAL assault upon a wife is one of the cheapest
lassies, of the which a man can enjoy in
London or Middlesex. But it should be knowingly
maaged. A careful course of Central Criminal
Court sentences will enable men of brutal dispositions
to indulge themselves in this particular 'luxury, as the
auack advertisements say, with "ease, safety, and
dope"
We have been studying this curious record during
the present sessions with some attention. We find
that wife murder stands, in the ratio of punishment,
to letter-Sealing, say, as one to twenty ; to assaults
constables, as one to twelve; to petty larceny, as one
to seven. The quotations, however, rule very unfa-
vourably for wives as compared with unmarried
women. An assault (not fatal) upon a woman mis-
taken for a wife, but really unconnected with the
assaulter, is punished with Imprisonment and hard
labour for a year. A life-long series of such assaults
on a wife, wound up by a decisive kicking,
which produces death, is visited with nine months'
incarceration. Wife-killing is, in fact, one of the
izhtest offences, measured by the punishment, of
which the Central Criminal Court takes cognizance.
The circumstance is beginning to excite attention.
Perhaps we may in time arrive at the reason of it.
Is it that a British jury, in the character under
which counsel are fend of appealing to them,
as men, as Englishmen, as fathers of families,"
are supposed to be so conversant with the aggra-
vating habits of wives generally, that their
feeling is consulted by the judge in pronouncing
so petty a 'sentence ?It is, perhaps, a make-shift for
the traditional verdict " serve her right," from which '
propriety interdicts juice now-a-days. But, whatever
be the cause of this leniency, it should certainly be
recognised by the criminal law commissioners.
In framing their new code we trust they
will assign a distinct head to this fashiona-
ble and increasing offence, if offence it can be
called. Mr. STARKIE is much puzzled with homicide,
justifiable, accidental, and chance-medley. But he
seems to have overlooked " sponsicide," or whatever
Latin word may best stand for " wife-killing." It is
clearly not murder. That notion seems never to have
entered the brains of any functionary of a criminal
court. How should it ? It is accompanied by none
of the formalities incident to murder. There is no
concealment of the act —no dread of detection. The
Icing in wait for the victim, the self -struggle, the
darkness, the prepared weapon, the horrible and
pervading remorse, are all wanting. The deed is gene-
rally done in crowded neighbourhoods, in broad day-
light, with the first domestic utensil that comes to
hand, amidst the remonstrances of female acquaint-
ance, and the admonitions of male friends. It has
seldom any of the excuses of murder. The sordid
love of gain, the gradual hardening of a life of crime,
the desperate dread of detection in what was only
meant for robbery, are generally absent where a wife
is the victim. A man comes home drunk and falls to
beating his wife, as an exercise or an amusement.
Tired of beating, he takes to kicking, and death
is the result. Or he finds a button miming
from his Sunday shirt ; or his dinner is de-
layed for half-an-hour; or a hot supper is not
ready for him at four in the morning, he having
omitted to leave money for fuel or supper either, and
he begins to assert has lordship of the creation by
dragging about and trampling under foot his un-
fortunate helpmate, who is soon, after agonis-
ing groans and supplications heard through the
partition of the room, found lifeless by a
neighbour more curious or humane than usual, while
the husband smokes his pipe, rather with the air of a
BRUTUS than a GREENACRR-of one who has per-
formed a stern but sanctified duty, and not a barba-
rous, brutal, and cowardly murder. We appeal to
every day's newspaper for the truth of this repre-
sentation. Did any one ever hear of a man's being
hanged for such an offence? Yet how to distinguish
it from numerous homicidal acts so punished, we con-
fess ourselves utterly at a lose.
Is it by the absence of premeditation ? There may
not be the distinct and conscious contemplation of
death as the result of this or that special kick or
beating, bat there is that utter recklessness of all
consequence, which is as dangerous to society and in-
dicates as depraved and bestial a state of the person
committing the assault as the coolest premeditation
ever proved at Newgate.
Is it by the relation of the offence to society, its safe-
guards and sanctions ? Surely the crime is one which
may be more easily committed than any other fors
of bloodshed, and against which the sufferer is least
effectually guarded, and the opportunities and sug-
gestions of which are likely to be infinitely more fre-
quent than those of any other act of homicide. Or is
killing a wife out of sheer brutality an act less
odious to right judgments than coolly knocking out
a traveller's brains for plunder, or the half frantic
cutting a throat in the agony of detection ? We can-
not contemplate it more patiently than even the less
hideous of these two murderous conditions. It ap-
pears to us not only the most common, but
the most contagious, the most brutal, and
the most cowardly shedding of human blood
by human hand, against which society has
to protect itself: and that which should be most
severely visited of all acts of homicide (even if short
of murder), instead of being mocked by sentences
which degrade it below the atrocity of robbing a till
or picking a pocket.
Our criminal code is at present undergoing a revi-
sion. We sincerely trust that a place will be found,
in the emended edition, for this particular offence,
which, as it violates peculiar and sacred sanctions,
should have, we honestly believe, its especial and
aggravated punishment.

CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. 20.
The social system in Turkey is the great barrier
from which for ages the tide of European civillsation
has been forced back. All the reforms which have
hitherto taken place in the Ottoman empire are
merely superficial; the core has always remained
untouched. Our lectures on civilisation have always
been addressed to men; they could never penetrate
beyond the lattice of the harem. An influence
lozenges than any we could give to reform, has
hitherto existed to oppose its progress. This evil
had long been seen, but only one man had dared to
attempt its removal. That man was Lord Palmerston.
Opposed, on the ground of the impracticability of his
plan, by his own ambassador, and by the united voice of
all the great statesmen of Europe, he failed in his
first attempt; but he has made another, and has
succeeded. The Sultan has ordered the aholition of
dare markets. This is the first step in that change
which. in its results, will be the most important that
has ever taken place in the administration of the
Ottoman empire. The Sultan has alluded publicly,
in addressing ministers,
his ministe, to this unhoped-for event,
and his Majesty's words imply. that he enters fully
into the humane and philanthropic sentiments of Lord
Palmerston, and that all the suggestions of his lord-
ship on this subject will be finally adopted.
Nazim Effendi was, a short time since, sent by the
Porte to Boleti= Bey, with present* of jewels and
money, and with an autograph letter from the Sultan,
congratulating the Kurdish chief on the good he had
done the cause of Islamism, in exterminating the
infidel Nestorians. Nazim Effendi has returned to
Mossoul, from his mission to the Kurdish chief. The
envoy of the Porte speaks in the highest terms of the
reception which he met with in the camp of Seder-
han Bey. He declares publicly, that the Sultan
deliEjlits to honour that worthy chief, whom he
considers as one of his most faithful altects,
and aa one of the greatest champions of liana— • Ths
words of Nazim Effendi have stricken terror' into the
unfortunate Christians who inhabjt the Vest country,.
whilst Bederhna Bey: girt with the' diantond-biltai
sword given )pm by, the Sultan, has arrived in
triumph to within a short distance of Moesoul. This
is the old to that 'one haVe supposed 'to, be
worn threadbare, which has been so.ofteikruattasd
with 800:8111 the .Porte, and which semi likely to
again m 'the present instance: A cotgratu-
mt°7 letter from the Sultarkp,it rerin.l:ooll,4
it fatal lie efreatiai the avissi4es 4 nede
—edi64wl2*-auld to ; nor are his swots of honour
and diamonds, under such circumstances, less deadly

than the gloves and perfumes of the mother el Charles
IX. Some years ago, when the Porte fir.',ed by hard
fighting to put down Abdul Djeleet, great Tripoli
chief, Askar Ali Pasha, the general opposed to him,
received instructions from Constantinople humbly to
petition Abdul for a cessation of hostilities. At the
same time the Sultan sent a letter to the chieftain,
promising him, beforehand, all that he should ask,
and swearing to him eternal love and friend-
ship. Abdul Djeleet was softened, and a treaty of
peace made between him and Askar Ali Pasha.
The day on which the treaty was signed, the Pasha
gave a splendid banquet in honour of the Tripoli
chief. Their meeting in the tent of Askar Ali was so
affecting, that many present were moved to tears.
The Pasha called Abdul Djeleet janum (my soul),
and Abdul Djeleet returned the compliment by calling
the Pasha fiver (my liver). An accident however
prevented Abdul Djeleet from partaking of the feast,
for, just as he had sat down and opened his mouth to
swallow a savory kibeub, a soldier standing behind him,
at a signal from Askar Ali, with one blow cut off the
poor chieftain's head. which fell into the dish amidst
shouts of laughter from the Pasha and his friends.
Very lately Aboo Gosh, who has a niche in the pages
of Eiithen and 'lltmarsh, became so troublesome on
the road between Jaffa and Jerusalem, that the Porte
determined to put him down. Instructions to that
effect were secretly sent to the Pasha of Jerusalem.
The Pasha immediately announced his intention of
carrying fire and sword into the territory of a chief-
tain known to be at feud with Aboo Gosh. Un-
fortunately the Pasha had not sufficient troops
under his command for the expedition; he
therefore wrote a most affectionate letter to

" the father of lies," (so the author of &then for some
mysterious reason, known possibly to himself, calls
Aboo Gosh), in which he &*gged of him, by their
common faith and by his duty to the Sultan, of whom
he knew him to be one of the most devoted subjects,
to give him his valuable assistance in the little affair
he had in hand. This letter was, as usual on such
occasions, accompanied by some handsome presents. I
A rendezvous was given, and on the appointed day,
Aboo Gosh came to meet his friend the Pasha, accom-
panied only by a few followers. Nothing. could
exceed the extatic delight of the Pasha on seeing his
dear friend and ally, Aboo Gosh. A splendid dinner
was prepared. " The father of lies" ate and drank
like a man who was determined to take advantage of
a good chance, and then lay down on his carpet, and
slept the quiet sleep of the virtuous. When he woke
up he found himself securelybound hand and foot, and
on his way to Jaffa. Poor Aboo Gosh is now lying in a
Cyprus dungeon, whose solitude be shares with the
water-rat and the toad. It is to be hoped that Col.
Titmarsh will say a word in his behalf to H.R.H.
1 Prince Albert

The Paris journals of Tuesday are occupied with
remarks on the discussion which arose in the Cham-
ber of Deputies on Monday upon the paragraph of the
address which relates to the finances of the country.
The ministerial papers represent the position of
French finance as satisfactory, while the opposition
press charge the government with carelessness; but
little notice has been hitherto taken, by either party,
of the position of the Bank of France. The Consei-
-1 tutionnel gives a very unfavourable view of the finan-
cial position of the country. The National says :
France, for nine years, has been supplying a budget of
1,400,000,000 fr., and yet a deficit of 700,000,000 fr. now
exists. The present ministry has had some years of pros-
perity, has enjoyed a loan for extraordinary expenses, and
has had the produce of the sinking fund---yet it has con-
sumed the whole, and the total of its incurred expenses
amounts to two milliards, eight millions of francs. The
budget is brought in with a deficit of 79,000,000 fr., and an
additional sum of 24,000,000 h. is demanded for the internal

administration of the country.
A letter from Ingelmunster, near Conrtray, in
Flanders, states that the health of M. Martin (da
Nord) has derived but little benefit from his residence
in that place.
In consequence of the heavy falls of rain and snow,
which, freezing, have rendered the roads impassable,
no despatches or papers had reached Paris from the
south up to the time our express left.
On Tuesday it was stated with confidence by well-
informed persons that a note had arrived the pre-
ceding evening in Paris containing the formal ad-
hesion of the Prussian cabinet to the protest of Lord
Palmerston against the Montpensier marriage. It
Was further stated that the cabinet of St. Peters-
burg would also adopt the same course, and that
Austria would consequently be drawn into accord-
ance with the other powers.
A meeting of the ministers and their principal sup-
porters took place at the Hotel of Foreign Affairs on
Tuesday morning.
The same alarm continued to be felt on the Bourse,
and a further fall of nearly a third per cent. took
place on yesterday's prices. The impression prevails
that the personal relations between M. Gnizot and
Lord Normanby are in the most unsatisfactory state.
News from London is looked for most anxiously.

We have received the Madrid mails of the 3rd inst.
The commission on the address held its first sitting
on the 2nd. M. Martinez de la Rosa was elected pre-
sident, and M. Benavides secretary. It seems that
the members of the commission (with the exception
of M. Hos de Olano) are agreed upon the project of
the address. It is supposed that the project of the
majority of the commission, dictated by a Conserva-
tive spirit, will be voted.
Nothing of interest took place in the Chambers.
It was rumoured that M. Nicomede Pastor Diaz,
would be appointed Under-Secretary of State for the
Interior. He belongs to tke puritan faction. M.
Gonzales Romero, a conservative deputy, has been
appointed Under-Secretary of State in the depart-
ment of Grace and Justice. . . .

Count de Thomar had a long conference with the
Duke of Soromayor, relative to the affairs of Por-
tugal, Don Miguel having been proclaimed King in
different cities of that kingdom.

SWITZERLAND.—A letter from Tessin states
that the order for Austrian troops to advance to the frontier
has been countermanded.
GERMANY.—VIENNA, JAN. 28.—The Cracow Ga-
votte has this notice .—" From the day of the incorporation
af Cracow in the Austrian line of customs, namely, from the
20th of January, 1847, the free import of wheat, rye,
barley, and oats, from the exterior is provisionally ooneeied,
across the new circumscribing line of customs of the Cracow
territory towards Prussia and Poland, until further notice,
which is hereby notified for general information. —(Signed)
Mourn Condi' Darin, Imperial Commissioner."—Cracow,
Jan. 18, 1847.
SWEDEN.—STOCKIIOLAI, JAN. 20.—T0-clay two
royal decrees have been published, both dated December 22,
which are highly important to manufacturers and arti-
sans. With very few restrictions and exceptions the freedom
of trade and manufacture is thereby ordained. AU guilds
are abolished ; and every Swede who is of age, and main-
tains a good character, is, empowered to engage in any handi-
craft, and to sell his manufactures either in the cities and
towns, or in the country. He must have given proof before
the municipal authorities that he understands the trade into
which he enters. Trade is quite free, and may be carried on
by all who are able to write and cypher. The new arramte-
ments are to come into operation on the Ist July.—Allge-
mama Zeitung, Feb. 5.
MEXIC(.—We extract the following from a pri-
vate letter, dated Mexico, Dec. 30, 1846: Santa Anna is
at San Luis, with, as he says, 25,000 men ; for whom he asks
600,000 dollars a month, and they send him se much as they
can ; but I really think he is, or will be, POOR brought to his
last shift. There is no doubt about it, that he made an ar-
rangement with the Yankees belie he came, for which he
got, or is to get, 2 millions of dollars—the exact sum asked
by President Polk. Now, as they know this here, there is a
great deal of bellowing about war in Congress. However,
tie not the Yankees they want to tight, but to humble Santa
Anna. How truly Mexican this is! Santa Anna, on the
other hand, is never seen in San Luis out of doors ; the
troope are never exercised ; but Santa Anna has a ~ate
gambling bank) in San Luis on his own account; General
Ampudier is the croupier, &c., &c. Now and then Suitt
Anna makes an illegal attempt to bully government; then
there is censuring in Congress ; then Iv, submits again. He
knows too well that he has lost all chance with the gente
asoderado y dictate, therefore he writes to the Exaltadoe in
the most abject terms; but even they despise kim. Mean-
while the Yankees advance as much as they have a mind to
bat, kltbough.4here is about them a good deal of talk and
blustering, that ii all you perceive. kobbiry has, however,
gone en in a mode which outbids all periods. Horn was
migister (of finance) 6, and Villamil 3 weeks; the former
stole 600,000 dollars, the latter 200,000 ; and this I have
fined geoid ataboAty."
, -

COLONIAL
WEST INPI.E:S..—OCIANA.—Extract of a letter
UrVot
Berbiaes &Mut Doc. 31., 1846:—" If government would
may be persepidpd to permit a regular communication with
the itroo cosh, we libOnld have an abundant supply of the
very.best class et Ilii‘labourers that has ever come to the
. Thsplfroomen who are now here complain bit-
ter'l;kg the doflleulty oriWtorning to visit their own country,
in_minseguence otthe.peoleibition of the English government
from Ma COClMugjmition 4h' that coast"
VAN I)IEMEN'S LAND.—We have newspapers
fronOthis coleopMthe.lBth September. The governor conti-
nued in as bad Oddity' Is eve}, and his position, even in the

legislative council, was such as to make it indispensable to
i the legitimate influence of government, that his successor
should arrive as soon as poeible. A declaration was moved
by Mr. Allison in that body on the 11th of September
' That in the opinion of the council the home government
should pay two-thirds of the judicial t xpenses of the colony."
In support of this proposal Mr. Allison stated that," During
the last year there were 135 persona tried at the supreme
eonrt, and of that number there were only four free
persons." Mr. On, at an earlier period of the
meeting, had observed, in reference to the same
subject, that " As there were many items in the
judicial department which could not apply in criminal
cases they would only claim two-thirds of the expense." In
the course of the discussion on Mr. Allison's motion the
governor said—" One of his first despatches was to recom-
mend that the home government should bear two-thirds of
the judicial expenses of the colony." The motion was car-
ried unanimously.
The remaining intelligence from the colony admits of
being briefly summed up. The first election of commis-
sioners under the act to provide for the cleansing and paving
of Hobart Town was to take place on the 24th of Sept.
The subscription towards the appointment of a resident
agent in London, to support the petitions of the colonists,
was in I rogress, and an address to Mr. M'Lschlan, who has
hitherto discharged this office gratuitously, was in the course
of signature. The Hobart Town Advertiser of Sept. 18
states .—" Robberies are becoming very rife at the outskirts
of the town. Last week two burglaries were committed to-
wards the upper end of Goulburn-strect—the first in open
day, about three or four o'clock in the afternoon. There are
a number of disreputable characters in that neighbourhood."
In the Hobart Town markets wheat was selling at 7s. to
7s. 3d. per bushel ; oats, at 4s. to is. 6d. ; flour, first quality,
201. per ton ,• second ditto, 191. ; potatoes, 31. to 31. 10s. per
ton ; bay, 51. 10s. to 61. 104. per ton ; Port Arthur coals,
16s. per ton ; Sydney ditto, 11.10 s. ; shingles, 7s. 6d. to 10s.
per 1,000 ; sawn timber, Ss. to Co. per 100 feet.