The Express.
London, England, 1851-01-04 00:00:00

NEWS FROM THE PROVINCES.

ON OUR DAILY WEATHER TABLES.

Stn,--For several months during the present year
I regularly transmitted to your valuable layer a
short abstract of the characteriaties of a ash month.
My ditmontinuance of these accounts is due solely to
want of t;,me owing to pressure of occupation ; but
the leading features of the preceding month (Novem-
bee.) have been marked, and afford such an ample
field for investigation, that, u one most anxious to
extend the science of meteoroh'gy in all,its branches,
I I feel it a duty incumbent on me to lay before year
readers a short abstract of the meteorological particu-
lars of the past month, taken from my daily maps.
It may he here observed that since my last com-
munication I have revisited many of the stations,
some of which had failed to send the returns regu-
larly ; and I have subsequently extended the system
to Ireland, where I was much gratified at the prompt
and liberal aid I met with from the secretaries and
directors of the Great South-Wecere, the Western,
the Dublin and Drogheda, the Drogheda and Belfast,
and the Dublin and Kingstown Railways; ander-
ran ge ments were made fur daily returns to be sent from
Kingstown, Cork, Limerick, Carlow, Mellinger, and
Dundalk; at each of these places I fixed a compass
o eel, and gave the necessary directions for the daily
observations and their transmission, and since that
time returns have heal regularly received from those
baripdl
addition
thetn
these places I receive regularly a monthly report of
returns places,
g been l irmeegruilcal kryfraeomnt.w which
the weather from similar simultaneous obseivations
taken at Toomebridge, Carrick on Shannon, Castle-
bir, Longford, Roscommon, Cang,
Ennis, Bridgetown, and Yongbal, and I have to
express my gratitude to J. Gisborne, Esq., Freierick
Berry, Esq., Samuel Roberts, Esq., John W. Kelly,
Esq., and Martin King, Esq., for these observations.
Through the instrumentality of the Astronomer
Royal, daily simultaneous observations are made in
Belgium, at Brussels, Ghent, Namur, St. 'lron and
Lie ge ; and monthly reports from those places are
furnished to the Astronomer Royal, and by him
handed to me for laying down in my daily maps.
Thus the arrangements at present in operation of
simultaneous meteorologic observations systematically
pursued extend from the western coast of Ireland to
Belgium, and from Goernsey to Dundee. From this
combination of observers much will be done to throw
light upon the theory of the laws which regulate
storms.
I proceed now to the detail of the phenomena of
last month.
Oa November 1, the air was in gentle motion from
the S.W. over Ireland and the southern parte of
England. At the northern parts of England the
direction was variable ; there was fog ins few places.
Toe average reading of the barometer at the level of
the sea was 30.19 et place. south of latitude 51 deg.,
and it was 29.95 north of this parallel. The tempera-
ture of the air w.m 69 dog. at Truro, 61 deg. at Uck-
field, and between these readings at other places.
On Novembr 2, the air was in gentle motion from
the S.W. The reading of the barometer south of
latitude 52 deg. was 30.19, and it was 29.88 north of
ibis parallel.
On the. 3rd, the sir was in gentle motion from the
S.W. at most place e, and the teir was evenly distri-
hu:ed ail over the country ; the average reading of
the barometer was 30.19; the lowest reading of the
thermometer, at 9h. a.m , was 45 deg. at Holkham,
and the highest was 68 ceg. at the nine time at
Guerony.
Oa the 4th a strong wind was blowing over Ire-
land [tom the W..; at Holyhead and places north of
it rut the extent of one degree of latitude, a strong
wind was blowing from the W., and extended across
the country; at nearly ell places south cf latitude
53 deg., and in Belgium, the air was purling quickly
from the S.W., and rain was falling generally. Above
the westerly current, which crossed the country, there
were heavy storms of wind and rain, and there was
much diversity in the direction of the wind, owing to
it. presence of the mountains. The reading of the
barometer had decreased partied irly over the northern
part of the country ; the pressure of the atmosphere at
the level of the s s, N. of 54 deg., was 29.53; between
latitudes 521 deg. and 64 deg., was 29.69; between
5l ceg. and 521 deg. was 29.88; and south of 51 deg.
was 30 in. 0.4 ; at the same time the extreme differ-
ence of temperature was 101 deg.; that at North
Seields being 45 deg., and that at Exeter was 551
deg.
On the sth, the direction of the wind over Ireland
was W.S.W.; and over England and Belgium, with
a few exception' near the south coast, was S.W. Over
the northern and midland counties, a strong wind
was n carded. In Ireland it was of a more moderate
character. Over the northern and midland counties
there was less air than over the southern. The read-
' lag of the barometer at the former nieces was 29.86,
whilst, at the latter, it was 30 25. Tee lowest read-
ing of the thermometer at 9 a.m. was 471 deg. at
Holkham, and the highest was 53 deg. at Truro and,
lehmouth.
On the 6th the direction of the "rim( was variable.
In Ireland it was chiefly W. and S.W., and the air
pasett in a stream with quick motion from the W.
over Holyhead aid places in that parallel of latitude
cornea the country. N. of this current the direc-
tion was W. and N.NV.; in gentle motion ; and S. of
it was mostly in a calm state, or in very gentle mo-
tion. In Belgium the direction was W.: on this day
the air was almost equally distributed all over the
coun•ry, and the reading of the barometer was :30.14.
At North Soields the temperature was 461, and at
Jersey it was 561.
On the 7th the wind was blowing over the southern
counties from the W.S.W. and at pint a on the south
coast from the N.; in gentle motion, and the air was
lin a calm state at many places. In Ireland it was
Dimwit g teronely from the S.W., at d with a few ex-'
el, ions it passed in that direction over the midland
teed northern counties of England ; over Belgium it was
from the S.V. The gradual increase at d decrease of
the force of the wind at this time is worthy of note.
On the south ooeet it was calm ; at Tamworth a gentle
br•ese was recorded ; at Holyhead a herd wind, and
'at Lancaster a storm; and then proceedirg north-
wards, this strong wind gradually subsided to a gentle
Ibrie ze at Dundee. Tne reading of the barometer,
N. of latitude 53 deg. was 29.97, and S. of it was
30.25. The readings of the thermometer varied from
48 der- to 54 deal.
Or, the 841 the direction of the wind over Ireland
fromidl
Midland
N counties, V . i over the
d
an
gSlerlti, a
tlande
was from the W.; over the northern parts of Eng-
IsaonautLearnndpesouthof
otn
Belgium, was S.W. ; and midway between these
two opposite currents; and getting in at II head
a westerly current, passed across the country ; heavy
gales and bard wind, were recorded in the north,
whilst in Ireland and in the south of England the
force of the wind 'air d from calm to a gentle breeze
only. The reading of the barometer N. of latitude
61e was 29 87, and 8. of it was 30.16; the reading of
the thermometer at Denham was 421 d.g., and at
Jersey was 564 deg.
On the 9th the air was almost in a calm state, the
sky was ovum', fig end rain at different places.
The air wee equally distributed o'er the coung
the reading of the barometer was 30.30 in.
re ,dir g of the theme". ter at 9 a.m. was 43 deg. at

On the 13th, the air was either calm or in gentle
motion from the N.W. over Ireland, England, and Bel-
gium. Fog was prevalent at many places ; fr..n.y. The
lair was equally distributed everywhere, the reading of
the barometer being 30.15. There w.ts a great
difference of temperature, at Stonyhuret the re tiding
was 33 deg., whilst at Guernsey it was 52 deg. On
the 14th, the general direction of the wind from
Holyhead across the channel, and over Ireland, was
E.S E. ; over the S. of Scotland and of Eoglacd gene.
rally, was N.W. ; and over 11,1gium, was N.W.
In
gctrle motion every where, with rain fullinj, at some
places. The pressure of the atmosphere wns every
where the same, the reading of the barometer was
30.26 inches; the temperature of the air at different
places was greatly different, the lowest was 30 deg.
at Stonyhurst, and the highest wns 49i deg. at

0 uerneey.
On the 15th, over Ireland, the air was in gentle
motion from S.W. ; over Gin rnsey, Jersey, C
and Devonshire, from S.E. ; over Belgium, from
N.W. ; over England the air was much defl..ctive, it
was however almost in a calm state, fog being very
prevalent. The reading of the barometer WeIS every.
where alike, and was 30.37 ; the temperature was
very different, being 28 deg. Uckfleld, and 49 deg. at

Truro.
On the 16th the air was in gentle motion, chiefly
from the west over Ireland ; over Guernsey and Jer-
sey it was uniformly from S W. ; and above the lati-
tude of 53 deg., it was meetly from the south dense
togs were prevalent at Luau places. The reading
of the barometer was 30.19 ; that of the therm-meter
at Durham was 42 deg. ; and at Truro, was 53 dog.
On the 17th the diiectim of the wind was very
variable, the air was generally calm, with rain felling.
The reading of the barometer everywhere was 30.19;
that of the thermometer at Ilertwell was 33 d..g.,and
I at Jersey was 32 deg
On the lthh the direction of the wind was S.W.
I over Guernsey, Jersey, Cornwall, arid Devonshire ;
was nearly S. over Ireland ; was variable, but chiefly
IS. or S.E. over England. Fog in the nom ; rain
I over south of England, and over Ireland ; a soma at
I Bridgetown, near \Ye:ford. The reading of the
barometer, which exceeded 30 inches for so many
days tcgether, decreased to 29.92, the air being
lequslly distributed ; the reading of the thermnneter
at Norwich and Wakefield was 40 deg., and at Truro

was 57 deg. •
On November 19, the direction of the wind over
Ireland, England, and Belgium, was S.W. ; it was
deflected to the S. and S.E. among the moun-
tains north of England. A strong wind was
blowing at moat places S. of 53 deg., more
particularly in Belgium, oz tLe south coast of
England, at Holyhead, Conway, and over Ireland.
There was a very high tide in the Snannon ; on the
southern and western coast of Ireland a gale had been
blowing all the previous night (see the F,spress of
November 25, for accounts of wrecks, &e.). The
change in the reading of the barometer was great,
there beii.g one-thirtieth part lees air over the northern
parse of the country than there was 'the day before,
and it was unequally distributed ; at places situated N.
of latitude 53 deg. was 28 88; and S. of that parallel
was 29.23. The difference of temperature was 6 deg.,
that at Durham was 48 deg., and at Jersey was 54 deg.
On November 20, there wee a heavy gale blowing
over Ireland, and the counties of Cornwall and Devon-
shire, from the N.W.; at Guernsey and Jersey it was
Ifrom over the south and south eastern coon-
ties of England, and over Belgium it was from the
S.W. It is remarkable that at Lancaster, Whitby,
Darlington, Shap, Sunderland, and Carlisle a gentle
breezy was only recorded, with different directions ,•
whilst north of these place% strong breeze and hard
wind was noted from the N.B. This day is worthy
of special notice, as it is very evident that the
air was moving in a circle, the direction
in Ireland being N.W.; north of France, W.;
S.E. coast of England and Belgium S.W., and the
S. of Scotland N.E.; whilst places within this circle
were distinguished by weather of &moderate character.
The pressure of the atmosphere was different in dif•
ferent placer., being the least about Wakefield : its
average value S. of 51 deg. was 29 36, and N. of
'this parallel was 28.83: the temperature of the air at
Durham was 45 deg., and at Truro was 53 deg. On
November 21, the direction of the wind over Ireland
was variable, but was passing from the land towards
the sea on all sides; over England and Belgium its
direction was uniform, and from the the air
was mostly in gentle motion. The air was almost
I evenly distributed over the country, and the reduced
reading of the barometer was 29.69 ; the tempera-
ture of the air at Durham was 40 deg. min, and at
Jersey and Guersey was SO deg. lmin.
Ou the 22nd the direction of the wind was S. on
the S. coast; was S.E. and S. in the midlatei and
northern counties, and variable in Ireland and 13A-
glum. Hain falling in Ireland and in the S. of Eng-
I .nd. The pressure of the atmosphere was %whom,
and was 29.71.
On the 23rd the direction of the wind in I eland
was mostly W. and S.W., and it was S.W. over
England and Belgium ; rain was falling ail over
England S. of latitude 53 de.T. The pressure of the
atmm ;Mere S. of latitude 50; deg. was 29.60,
and N. of it was 29.37.
On the 24th there was a heavy gale from the N.W.
at all places excepting Leeds and Beattock. I
cannot well account for the gentle motion of the air
at Leeds; at Beattock the direction was S.E., and a
gentle breeze only was noted; probably this may be
attributable to the air striking against the Moffatt
Hills. This gale war very destructive. See the
Esprees of November 25 and 27 for some ac-
ots; to.d in the paper of the former day for eaanges
of readings of the barometer. The pressure of the air
S. of latitude 611 deg. was 29.42, and N. of it was
28.95.

On the 23th the direction of the wind was NNV.
over Ireland; was W. over the Briteol
ICernwall, and Devonshire ; was S.W. over the
southern counties, the S.E. parts et England, and
Belgium. A strong W. wind set in from Holyhead
and passed over the country, and the air N. of this
stream was either calm 1.1 gentle motion. The
presence of the atmosphere S. of latitude 62 deg. was
! 29.31, and N. of it, was 28.98.
On the 213th, the direction of the wind over Ireland
was W. and N.W.; over Cornwall and Devonshire,
wit', W.; and over the south of England and liel;?ium,
was S.W.; north of latitude 33 deg. was W. Rain
was foiling at man, places. The reading of the
barometer was still low and alike Everywhere ; its
value was 29.45.
On the 27th, the direction of the wind over the N.
of England, Ireland, at Holyhead, and over Cornwall
and Devonshire, wee N.W.; over the southern parte
of England and Belgium was S.W.; rain was felling
at many places. The pressure of the air was 29.77
S. of lati.ude 63 deg., and north of it was 29 92. At
Dorhsna the temperature was 331, while at Guernsey
it was 441 deg.
On the 28th the direction of the wind was N. and
N.W. everywhere, excepting on the B.F. coast of
E gland and Belgium, where it was S.W.; the air
wee in gentle motion and rain was falling at
many places. The presence of the air wus great
and uniform, its value was 30.30 inches ; at Stony-
burst the reading of the thermometer was 23 deg.
7 :nip., whilst at Jersey and Guernsey it was 431 deg.
On the 29th, the direction of the wind over Belg:um.
and the S.E. parts of England was N.E.; over Ireland
was nearly 8.; and over the northern parts of
England was N.W. chiefly ; at Liverpool and Hawar-
den the direction was E.; a leg at some places. The
I reading of the barometer S. of 51 deg. was 30.31 ;
and north of it was 30.44. There was a great differ-
. ewe of temperature ;at Wakefield it was 211 deg.;
, whilst at Falmouth it was 46 deg.
On the 30th, the direction of the wind was S. in
Ireland ; was W. in Belgium ; was chiefly N.E. over
the southern parts of England ; and was variable
over the corthern parte. The sky was overcast ; there
wee fog at some places. The reading of the baro-
meter was 30.28; that of the thermometer at Durham
was 21 deg.; at Falmouth was 43 deg.: thus exhi-
biting a difference of 22 deg. at the same lee:ant of
time.

In these remarks it will bs always und, retood,
when speaking of the readings of the barome'er, that
they have besn all reduced to the mean level of the
sea, and that the temperatures are the lowest and
highest readings of the thermometer at those times,
land consequently the temperatures at other place@
were intermediate.—l am, sir, &c.
JAMES GL AISII ER.
Blackbtath, Dec. 24, 1850.