The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-27 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1847.

4

compact, similar to that adopted by the United States
of North America, and constituted themselves the I
republic of Central America. At the period 9f their
separation from the mother country all these states
were in the most deplorable condition, fiscally and
politically. Tho impolitic commercial system of
Spain had kept them in the lowest stages of civilisa-
tion. Then they became independent too soon—
not in the natural process of development, but
prematurely, and solely through the weakness of
the parent state. They acquired freedom from
control before they had come of age. This
was their great misfortune. They were called
upon to command ere they had learned to obey—to
govern, before they had thoroughly comprehended
the obligations and duties of society. Self-govern-
ment is only possible in a high state of civilisation.
It requires a high level of general intelligence and
public virtue. Popular sovereignty, as the highest
type of political organisation, demands a co-ordinate
condition of morals and mental cultivation. Without
these it is impossible. To attempt to construct a great
edifice of political liberty and prosperity, except on
the firm foundation of public intelligence and in-
tegrity, must always prove, as in Central America,
a folly in the process, and a failure in the end.
The federal compact was no sooner formed than it
was violated. The projected constitution remained a
dead letter. lusurrections and revolutions followed
each other even faster than on the European penin-
sula, occupied by kindred races. The states made
war upon each other. The central government, re-
duced to a mere name, was disregarded. Blood
flowed copiously, but nothing was settled ; rather, the
tendency to more complete disorganisation was acce-
lerated. At length the whole power in the federal
states fell into the hands of military adventurers. Of
these the most celebrated and successful is Rafael
Queers, a native Indian, of low extraction, but great
natural ability, who, in the confusion of the times,
placed himself at the head of his race, and, in con-
junction with the party of the priests and nobles, made
himself master of the government. lie began life at the
lowest stage. His first occupation was as a servant.
Next he became a pig-driver, dealing on his own ac-
count. In this capacity he became widely known to his
countrymen, and on occasion of an ;mettle was chosen
to command them. He succeeded in destroying a
party of forty dragoons who were sent to disperse the
mob. This committed him finally, and decided his
future career. His party now remained in arms;
and, although often defeated, contrived to re-unite after
every fresh disaster in greater force than ever. The
intrepid leader always escaped. On the 13th of
April, 1839, he took Guatemala, the capital of the re-
public, at the head of .5,000 Indians, and since that
period has exercised &I the real authority. For some
time he acknowledged the president and the assembly
of representatives—at beet a shadow ; bat having, in
March,lB4o, defeated General Marazan, the legal presi-
dent, and driven him from Guatemala, he threw off the
mask, and openly assumed the supreme dictatorship.
At first his rule was characterised by the most sangui-
nary atrocities; but he hes gradually assumed a more
moderate tone. As a mail, he retains many of the
personal vices which centuries of injury and oppression
have made the distinctive attributes of his class. He
is cruel, avaricious, and sensual in the extreme. By
extortion and confiscation he has amassed a consider-
able property in houses, lands, and ready money, and
he has consequently become interested in a settled
government, and the general security of life and pro-
perty. His administration is not wanting in vigour.
The roads have been cleared of the troublesome ban-
ditti; the laws executed with somewhat like regu-
larity ; and the institutions of the country consolidated
under his auspiees. Although the war-cry of his par-
tisans was at first "death to the stranger," he is now
exceedingly glad to meet and converse with Euro.
and to receive their advice; frequently express-
inga his regret at his own ignorance, and the general
want of education in the country. His own ignorance
is indeed extraordinary. A ludicrous incident hap-
pened in consequence of his imperfect acquaintance
with the Spanish language, which strikingly displays
it. At a meeting of the members of the government,
Viteri, then minister, but now bishop of San Salvador,
proposed some measure not agreeable to Carrera, who
declared in a haughty tone that it should not be passed,
to which the milliliter replied," Vos tienelafuerzopica,
pero nosotros tenemos la fiterza moral." (" You have
physical force on your side, but we have the moral
force.") But as several families in the city are named
Moral, Carrera supposed the minister threatened him
with the hostility of the Morals. He rushed off to the
barracks, drew out his troops, placed the members of
government under arrest, and kept them prisoners
for several hours, until the mistake was explained to
his satisfaction. He has lately treated the priests.,
and self-styled nobles rather coolly—refused to choose
his ministers from their body, and they have conse-
quently begun to regard him with suspicion. His
Leaning to the whites has likewise greatly alienated
the affection of the Indians; all the old republicans
hate him ; and on the whole his position is somewhat
precarious.
Trade is perfectly free throughout all the Mates of
Central America. Foreigners possess all the privileges
enjoyed by the natives—with immunity from the
oceseriptive laws to which they are subject. Com-
mite is however carried on, on a comparatively
beeasiderable scale throughout all the states of the
emledemtion. Of these provinces, Costa Rica is in
mwrw respect rapidly becoming the most prosperous
amgjfgaelamt, The great majority of the inhabitants
Eutemius ; and this fact sufficiently accounts
he the maim stability of the government and the
peaseful peewees of the country. Statistics are very
uncertain in all the Hispano-Ameriean republics ;
but the best authorities make the population of Costa
Rica about 85,000 souls. Of these, 70,000 at least are
whites. The remainder consists of some few negroes
settled near the port of Matina, on the north-east
vest, and Mestizoes and their descendants, who have
immigrated from a distance. Mr. Dunlop did not find
a single Indian of pure blood in this territory.
The whole of the trade of Costa Rica with Europe
has sprung up within the last dozen years. Before that
time, its commerce consisted of a trifling quantity
of gold from the mines of Aguacate, tobacco, ands very
small quantity of Chaucaca sugar, Which it ex-
ported to the neighbouring states. The cultiva-
tion of coffee was then undertaken on a large scale ;
and as that article found a ready preference in the
markets of England—partly from its quality and
cheapness, and partly because it was the produce of
free labour—the young community rapidly rose up
into some importance ; and its exports have continued
to increase in amount and value. Upwards of 70,000
quintals of coffee, worth seven and a half dollars in
the port of Punta Arenas, are now annually shipped
from that port, principally for the markets of Eng-
land. This is paid for in gold brought from Chili, in
British and French manufactures brought from the
same place (a large share of this trade plume through
the intermediate hands of the merchants of Val-
pepsine), and in British, French, Spanish, and North
American produce and manufactures brought direct
from those countries. The consumption of English
articles of import exceeds that of" all the others con-
jointly. Of these articles white and printed cottons
form the staple. They are mostly imported by Ger-
man merchants of San Jose, the return cargoes being
coffee. We believe there is no English house in Costa
Rica as yet. The country is not insalubrious. The
.land is also well adapted to the growth of tobacco;
but, as the government holds a monopoly of the
fragrant weed, its cultivation is discouraged.

Me 'korai':

OLYMPIC THEATRE.—The projected sale of the
milkepeseeen dwelling has been ruthlessly seized upon by
oortain ambitious spirits as a medium for making public
their histrionic propensities at this theatre. The proceeds
',lfitsy) are to be handed over to the Fund now collecting
:ue Xt. Evans (advertised as a Shakspearesn lecturer) was
dm swim around whom the minor constellations gyrated.
for performance was the first part of" Henry
rrt It UM* It tht ebullition of a Gm asulf-
dim bone paved muster, but to challenge
sod to make the great name of the poet the
on to lowa fanciful display of incompetent
Mil
Sy. Gni no*, Is torbtinly not a proceeding to which a
mien or can ha given. In some respects
fie MINIS MS Mt repraested—aa for instance, in
alio Int of P .ff, Hotspur, and of Bardolph •
C: breillalmes or incompetency of the greater part of
Ilbe Wen inn imi goyim to escape the laughter and ridi-
save sip sppasise, which, however, was not sufficiently
monaolffill MI SW& its plaudits or its disapprobation to much
silmaikei astir part of the actors, who accordingly stumbled
=llt *dr pot with the most stolid and even pinkie-
CLBEICAL.
1 ?Nu 701111111TION norm sift oiliepsi about to be amoseed
......,46,,iiihr a• Clip yr MI on Wolmier
•:, . VialiWillsillidtkutllke pomp It Se Ade it es
a no NM ••••••fimMa nosier ci Midway
awn
:, •

VACANT.—Holy Trinity R., with Frome-Whitfield R.,
Dorchester ; di°. &ram ; •alue. 4391. ; Faro., trugern of free-
se.hoo.l and alms-boom, Dorchester ; recent by the death of Rev. Ct.

room. She ran down stain, and he followed her and order. d
her up to bed. When the was upstairs he attacked her and
beat her all over the body with a leathern belt which ne
wore round his waist. He sometimes struck her with the
buckle and sometimes with the other end. Her shoulder
was very much cut and bruised, and she said she was in the
same state all over her person.—The prisoner said be really
could not stand her tongue. The strap he had used was a
very small one.—As the complainant did not wish to press
the charge, Mr. Jardine bound over the prisoner in his own
recognisance to keep the pi ace.
CLERKEN WELL. ATTEMPTED MURDER.—Henry
&obeli, aged 24, &journeyman carpenter, was charged by
Louisa Bradford, of Whtataheafcourt, St. Pancras, with
having stabbed her with intent to murder. The prosecutrix
said she was a single woman, and lodged in No. 2, Wheat-
sheaf-court, St. Pancras. Oa the night of last Saturday
three weeks, about 12 o'clock, she met the prisoner at Pen.
tonville.hill, and he accompanied her to her lodgings, and
remained with her for some time, when they quarrelled in
reference to some money. The prisoner struck her a violent
blow on the head, knocked her down, and stabbed her. He
then rushed out, and locked the door, leaving her bleeding.
Her cries of " murder" brought the assistance of a lodger in
the house, who, finding the door locked, got in at the win-
dow. She never saw the prisoner afterwards until Wednes-
day night, at 12 o'clock, when she met him on Pentonville-
' road, and gave him into custody on the charge of stabbing
her. He then said he would do it again.—J. Turner, on the
above morning, while in bed, heard cries of " murder."
He went down stairs. The prisoner, who was inside, asked
what he wanted? Witness inquired why be had heirs ill-
using the young woman ? He replied, " You had better vet
a light and see." He returned to get a light, and when he
went back again he found her covered with blood. The pri-
soner rushed out and locked the door. Witness aid not
enter her room till daylight, when be got in at the window.
—Police constable 73'N, who apprehended the prisoner, de-
posed that a clasp knife (now produced), with the point
broken, was found in his pocket.—Mr. Debate, surgeon. of
Chilton-street, Somers-town, deposed that he found a circu-
lar wound near the prosecutrix's thigh ; it was thn e quar-
ters of an inch in circumference, and had the appearance of
something having been turned round in it ; and in his judg-
ment it must have been inflicted by some weapon of metal,
and pushed in with force.—The prisoner, who made no de-
fence, was then fully committed for trial. Bail refused.
WORSHIP. ST RE BT.—DISAPPEARANCE OF AN INCUL-
PATED POLICEMAN.—Mary Stepson attended to. support an
adjourned charge against T. Storer, a police-constable of the H
division, of committing an aggravated assault en her on the
night of Sunday, thel6th inst.—The comptainaet was accom-
panied by several additional witnesaes,amoogst whom were the
City-cote-table 736, who w. s prepared to prove that the com-
plainant had spoken to him immediately after the occurrence
of the gross ill-usage to which she had been subjected by the
defendant, and also a servant at the premises adjoining the
scene of the alleged outrage, who had been disturbed by the
violent barking of the house-dog, which, as the complainant
stated, alone induced the defendant to desist from further
molestation. Oa the case being called on, the defendant did
not make his appearance, and Inspector Harris intimated to
the magistrate that, a report of the previous proteedings
having been laid before the Police Cemmisaioners, the con-
stable had been suspended until the result of the investiga-
tion bad transpired, but had received express orders to attend
the court that dsy, which he had not done, and he (Mr.
Harris) had no reason to expect that he would attend.—Mr.
Arnold said, that under these circumstances, he should order
the complainant's statement ts he taken down in the shape
of an information, and issue a warrant forthwith for the de-
fendant's apprehension.
MARLS° KOH GH-STRE ET. —COMBINATION or CAB-
DRIVERS.—IDUkh, a cab-driver, was charged with havin;
allowed his cab to be driven by an unlicenssd driver. —Mr.
Woodbridge, for the complainant, Mr. Yeoman, stated that
the cab proprietors were desirous of employing only licensed
drivers, in order that the public might neither be cheated
nor insulted, but this wish was frustrated by the cab-drivers
themselves, some of whom re-employed men of no character,
termed "bucks," to drive their cabs. It was to put an end
to the system that the cab proprietors had come to the
determination of prosecuting every driver found so
offending. The offence of employing a " buck" was visited by
law with a fine, or with the suspension of the license.
Now, ft was of very little use for the court to inflict
a pecuniary tine, for the cabdrivers had a fund subscribed
among themselves, out of which all such tines were de-
frayed. All the drivers were obliged to subscribe, mid such
was the intimidation used among them, that no driver dare
refuse to pay towards the fund. It required no small reso-
lution on the part of a cab proprietor to take steps against an
offending driver, for the combination WY so complete that
he would very soon find himself unable to carry on his bu-
siness. The complainant, however, had on public grounds
come forward, and he hoped the court would support him.—
The driver admitted that he had told a msn to mind his cab
on the day in question for a short time.—Mr. Bingham said,
this being the first cue of the sort which had come before
him, he should not resort to extreme severity. He should
suspend the license for one month ; but in future cases he
should recall the lieense altogether.
MARYtEBONE.--ATTEMPTING TO THROW A CON-
STABLE INTO THE REGENT'S CANAL.—J. Camplin was
charged by pelice-constable 366 S with attempting to push
him into the canal. The complainant deposed that on
the previous evening he saw the prisoner lying nearly naked
on the banks of the Regent's-canal, in the Camden-road,
close to the bridge ; he was taken into custody, and on the
way to the station he tried every meaneto throw him( witness)
into the water. He fortunately succeeded in overpowering
the prisoner, who, after much difficulty, was secured and
locked up in the station-house. It was a great mercy that
he (witness) was not forced into the canal and drowned.
—The prisoner, inanswer to the charge, sad that he was
intoxicated, and was not aware that he had d. ne anything
wrong.—He was fined 40s. ; in default of payment one
month's imprisonment.
LAMBETH.—THE BURGLARY AT TUNPRIDGE WELLI•
—T. Foster, alias Chitty, J. Taylor, T. Smith, and Eliza
Eaton, alias Fitzgerald, were re-examined, the three former
charged on suspicion of breaking into the house of Mr. W.
Strange, a tailor and draper, at Tunbridge Wells, and steal-
ing cloth to the amount of 701., and the latter with receiving
a portion of the stolen property with a guilty knowledge.—
Mr. Strange deposed that on the evening of thtt day week
he went out, leaving his shop locked, and the house empty.
On returning at about one o'clock in the morning he dis-
covered that the door had been forced, and the shop cleared
of cloth of the value of about 701. On Saturday morning, at
the railway station at Tunbri.lge, he saw a portion of his
cloth in a hamper, directed to " George Chitty. No. 2, Ar-
nold's-paragon, Francis-street, Newington." The cloth he
then saw was the same now produced, and was of the value
of from 301. to 401.—A porter at the South Eastern Railway
deposed that on Monday morning he went to the house, No.
2, Arnold's-paragon, with a hamper directed to " George
Chitty." The female prisoner opened the door, and on his
stating that he had a hamper which came by rail for
Mr. Chitty, she replied that it was all right, and paid
him the carriage. His book was signed by Chitty.—
Mr. Games, on behalf of the female prisoner, argued that the
evidence did not go far enough to fix her with receiving the
property with a guilty knowledge.—Mr. Wontner, fer the
male prisoner, said he was prepared with witnesses to prove
that a short time since a person named Chitty occupied
apartments in the house of the female prisoner; that Foster
had always gone by his awn name and no other ; and there
was nothing extraordinary in the hamper directed to a for-
mer lodger having been taken in by the landlady, and the
carrier's book being dried by Foster in the name of Chitty.
—Mr. Elliott remanded the female prisoner and Foster for
another week, and discharged Smith and Taylor.

MONEY MARKET.

TIII:BADAT Evarrxe:

The liquidation of the August ac;;;nit due this
day, has passed over without any known casualty.
The course of the dealings this morning, however,
disclosed the fact of its being adverse to the specula-
tors for the rise. The process of selling out, or
making up, stock purchased on speculation for account,
day necessarily led to a depreciation of the rates of
pnces before current. Consols were consequently
done as low as 86. for money, which, as compared
with the ruling quotations yesterday, was equi-
valent to a fall of full „ per cent. Upon
the conclusion of the heavier business of
the winding up they recovered to 861 to 7 for
money, and were quoted 871 to a for the account now
opened, and Axed for October 14. Money was in
demand in the course of the settlement, and com-
manded therefore rather higher rates. Reduced
ThreeswereB7l- to „. Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents.,
88„ to 9. Long Annuities, 9to 1-16. Exchequer Bills,
par to 3e. prem. India Bonds, Cs. to 2s. die. Bank
Stock 195 to 7. India Stock, 241 to 3.

Foreign stocks were almost entirely neglected,
chiefly through the more important occupations of
brokers and jobbers in the settlement in the home
funds. Extremely. few dealings were marked in
them. Two bargains, rarely the case, were done in
French 5 per Cent. Rentes at 117 f. 75c., and 117 f.
870.; Exchange, 25f. 50e. Dutch Twoand-a-Half
per Cents. were 651 to 61; the Fours, &Si to 9.
Spanish Fives were called, without business, 191 to
20; the Threes, 291 to 30. Portuguese, 24 to 6.
Mexican, 181 to .1. No dealings took place in other
foreign securities, the quotations of which remain
nominally unaltered.
The last semi-quarterly liquidation in consols took
place on the 16th of July, when the rates at which
the stock was taken or served, and accounts made up,
mord from 581 co Pi. The fullo*leg have been the
variations since, from the highest to the lowest prices,
in each week ending with the close of the account
to-day.
The prices are stated as for the account solely, as
it is not necessary to give the money range in
addition.

...........,—.
Highest- July 17, 000903. 07,0•00 La *
SO
20
27 se
AUf.
10 3
17
Kfil
96 ll7
thereb From highest to lowest the fall has, am
equal to 4 per cent. This is no doubt a a
=ion of value for a six weeks'
it has been the less felt, because
more equally over the whole surface of time, thp

was the case with those preceding liquidations, fol-
lowing upon the rigorous Bank action of April last,
when the fluctuations were so violent from day to
day, but mostly in the way of decline. It is from
this more even, gradual action of prices in a down-
ward direction, as it would be in the contrary case,
that the real balance of profit and lose upon dealings
and speculation cremes to be so easily squared, more I
especially in respect of the dealings, because in
,the course of the reactions which occur, and the
comparative gentleness of the oscillations, parties,
on what may be called the losing side, have opportu-
I nicks of recovering themselves before the close of an
account, or at least of greatly reducing the risks out-
-11 standing against them, whilst those who are on the
right side will usually take their profits as prudent
opetators, by which, in fact, they assist their own
market for buying or selling again, according to the
one opinion which they may have formed, and on
which they will generally be found to act, during an ac-
count at least, unless upon some special and unforeseen
turn in political, monetary, or other affairs, which
may alter the whole tenor of their calculations, and
to which they must change and address their opera-
tions accordingly.
The failure in the corn trade at Belfast, referred to
under this head on Wednesday, and the one reported
in the Express from Liverpool last evening, will,
it is feared, cause further mischief in this market,
more especially the former, the liabilities in which
are understood to be of very considerable amount.
A meeting of the creditors of Messrs. W. It. Robin-
son and Sons (the senior partner being the late
Governor of the Bank) took place to-day. It is stated
that a balance-sheet was exhibited, showing a consi-
derable surplus of assets over liabilities. The only
question would be the substantial quality of the assets.
ENOLIBII 61,7 i
Bank Stott. 195 G Ditto 30 yam, expire Oct. 10.
3 per Ct. Red. Anne, 876 1 7 II ta.54, 8i
3 per Ct. COILIOLS Alma, aoa i 7 re/ India Stock. 241
New 34 per Ct. Anne., 88/ It 9 Imlia Burnie. under 1,1000, din
luez Anna. expire 6th Jan.. COI:1*AI for awe, i
1801). 9 146 hr. Mk, £l.OOO. D.L. 2 pm. 1/10,
Ditto. 3i yam, expire sth Jan.. 3 pm.
1790, 05 Ditto. 1,600. 1 6 pre.
Ditto Small.; 3 7 pm.

FOREIGN'
5 per Ct. Sdetkoa Ray, 154 t. 185
4 per Ct. Nrtu,tti,e 1141•.. 24 4
3 per Gt. Spaal.lllkls,
EXCHANGES AND I

FUND& . -
5 per Ct. Freud, Rent," 117 f. se.
rie. Exchange. tM 600.
21 wet. Dutch Aect , 56
4 per Cl. Dutch Certlfe., 84
WOCICH ABROAD.

~„ .i Tar A.-noast.
P. 4.813, aus.2l. ^7_,2
3 per COOlO. ... ... 70 00 i 28 80 78 88 76 4,n 78 .5)
a Do. ..... 118 10 , 118 20 118 20 118 118
ni Do.
..... I .. ~ i
„ ..
. ... ,_ un 60 •, ~....., _ .. ..
4 1)."
• . •B: on London, an worn:red.
Woo
Wean 8, 180 0 i Naples Rent°, 101 75
Do. 6.1843........ „ 1 Homan Urn ........ 195
80. 3 . I Tranoury Bonds . .... 61
" , Bank Saw. ... _ . 3244)
MD1061; .i. 0.0.10...—.. reo 7,er Centa., W.. ,
..
.Firer
nsCen;talinkl74of; Pas. Bl.
elvca, 61 ; Coupon*. 16: Bank of 8.4. r5.N.2..
1,410:11a, 120.-I...tango on London, 4.120-100.