The Express.
London, England, 1847-06-05 00:00:00

=M.
p_r

if anything, a shade better. Several likely lots of High-
' laadirs, the two-year-olds valued at 61. ; three-year-olds
Irmo 71.105. to 81. Seven lota of Sheep, containing together
280 heed, Cheviots, half-bred', black-laced, and brockles.
For one let of very fine Cheviots the owner asked 21. 2a.,
and might probably receive 355., per head. For a cross be-
tween the Leicester and Cheviot the holder asked 21., and
was offered 375. 6d., so that a bargain could not fail to be
struck. Domed for white stock good, buyers numerous,
and every.prospect of the whole being bold.

was really calculated to produce beneficial results. It ap-
peered that from 1825 to 1846 inclusive, a period of 22
years, 1,479,000 persons had emigrated from the United
Kingdom to the colonies of this country, end to the
United Stites, and as regarded the great majo
rity of oases of emigration, there was reason
to believe that the change produced hail been
equally beneficial to the mother country, to the colony,
and to the emigrants themselves. Of this enormous amount
of emigration, nearly one-hitlf had found its destination in
the United States; and it Was important to inquire what
there was in the United States to make them so preferable
in the eyes of her Majesty's subjects to on, own colonies.
That the grounds of this preference might be removed, he
could not doubt. Both for England and for Ireland the
subject of emigration was one of vast importance ; and as
regarded the latter it was intimately connected with the
poor-law question. It was aherdutely neceseary to
raise the condition of the Irish peasantry more to a level with
that of the English. In a report made by a committee of
the House of Commons it was observed that the question of
emigration for Ireland had been decided by the population
itself, and that, if the standard of the Irish population were
not reed to that of the English, the English must come
down to that of the Irish. • The question of emigration,"
it was continued, "resolves itself into the single point,
whether the beef-fed population of Great Britain
shall or shall not be supplanted by the potato-
fed population of Intend 1" If that were true in
1826, it was certainly not less so in 1847. The noble
lord then referred to several other repots recommending the
Inielature to take the subject into enoutcoosideration, with
a view to the interest both of the colonies and of the mother
eountry. The whole subject came under the consideration
of the commission to which reference had so often been
made ; and that commission declared that emigration was
the only means by which the labour market in this country
could be relieved. There was an uninterrupted chain of
evidence on the part of all whore duty it had been to inquire
into the subject to the same effect, including the testimony
of Lords Durham and Sydenham. There were peculiar
grounds for seriously consideriag the qnstion at the present
time. If there had been a diminution of one-fourth of tho
population of Ireland, a calculation which was below the
meek, that would produce the same effect as the augmenta-
tion of population to the extent of one-fourth, and against
such a state of things an extraordinary remedy was absolutely
essential. The noble lord having quoted evidence showing
what claws of persons usually emigrated from Ireland, said
that be did not think they ought to shovel out persons,
but Owed via a niece disminelmatkin as to then
who were to he sent out of the country. They
should not send out that clam of persons who dis-
placed more capital than population. He believed
that it was an undeniable truth in economical science
that a small excess of labourers its the labour market de-
plored the whole labourers in the district, and therefore he
stuaima that in order to afford relief it would not be
asesesery to send out the people in such numbers as many
}personser supposed to be requisite. The emigration by rates
proved this to be the case. Between 1e35 arid
1846, only 13,526 were sent abroad. Out of this number
14,488 were removed from the county of Suffolk alone, at an
lexpense of 15,0001., with the inset beneficial results. There
were 10,688 seat out from the counties of Norfelk, Kent,
Suffolk, and Sussex alone, and there were others from which
there was not an emigration of a single individual, but the
result to the whole country, had been most salutary He
could not hope that precisely the same results would take
place in Ireland, but there were parts of that country where
there was every reason to suppose that the results would be
similar. He therefore entreated the house to support a plan of
sound .ration, the feeling in favour of which was general
and pervading in Ireland. This feeling was not entirely owing
to the present want and misery of that country, but to the ac-
counts which the people received from their friends abroad en-
couraging them to strain every nerve to cross the Atlantic.
Amongst the papers which bad been presented that day wee
one so touching and conclusive, that he was sure it would
have more weight with their lordship. than any language of
his. (The noble lord here read the paper, which was a letter
from a poor family in Ireland, dated September, 1846, and
addressed to some friends in Canada, imploring them to aid
them in removing from a land which had been so &Mk ted by
l'rovidence as Ireland was), As the property of Ireland
would be benefited by a well-directed system of emigration,
he thought that the resources of that country should be
looked to for aid, and he must say, that he heard no differ-
ence of minnow among the landed proprietors of Ireland
ea this subject. He did not mean to say that there should be
a perpetual tax on property for the purpose of promoting emi-
gration, but that, ea the landed *a people of that country
were to be benefited., they hal a sight to look to • just pro-
portion col oriaance bee the landlords of the country. But
filegfelag theft finds were provided and the people ready
lossittroes, be hadtealtow that emn might be con-
without dismdmatage to the eoaetw themselves. He
thought that the wlveatage whirl' the embalm would derive
from &judiciously ceaducted system of oinkgrelon would be
even greater than the benefit which Inland would derive
from it. He did not think that the fact of the
crown having parted with the land would be
any very great impediment in their way, because
the emigrants might be employed on public works to the
great telosataqe of the colonies, the labourers, and the
mother country. Out of the 1,400,000 who had emigrated,
about 100,000 bad directed their steps to the United States.
The cause of this was that while there was nothing but torpor
and inactivity on the British America side, and all seemed
waste and desolate ; on the side of the United States, se
appeared from Lord Durham's report, all was energy end
activity ; and, oonsequeotly, wages were higher and capital
gave a large return. This was not owing to any natural or
oalitialadvantages possessed by the United States, but to
the energetic temperament of the people of that country.
He was not speaking of Canada West, where great activity
prevailed ; he, therefore, called on the house to contribute
to make the colonies as attractive to the emigrant as
the United States. This they were the more called
on to do, as the trade which would spring up from
increased prosperity and population in the colonies would
be a trade with their own countrymen, in which their
mutual advantages would be so clear and distinct, that there
need be no fear of hostile tariffs. Although he dwelt prin-
cipally on their North American populaces, he did not mean
to exclude Australia, which afforded almost unlimited
means for emigration. In the present pressure of distress
and disease in Ireland, with little hope that the measures
which had been proposed by the government would afford
any reel remedy, and without the slightest expectation that
they would go to the root of the evil, he did think that a
system of colonisation, undertaken on a large but not ill-
considered scale, not applied to the whole of the country,
but to parts of it, not dealing with millions, but
in such numbers as would afford relief where
the population was too great, would be not a specifics
remedy, but' a remedy without which every other attempt
to meet the difficulties of Ireland would be unavailable; and
he would, therefore, move that a select committee be ap-
pinted to consider what means of colonisation might he
best adopted for the purpose of improving the social 001 I•
dition of Ireland, and by which the interests of the colonies
themeless might be advanced, and the comfort and pro-
sperity .f those who emigrated might be promoted. (Cheers.)
Berl GREY said it was not his intention to ask their
Lordships to refuse the committee, and he rose merely for
the purpose of stating the grounds cm which he acquiesced
in the noble lord's motion. He did not acquiesce in it
ander any expectation that the committee would be able
to succeed in devising some new and ingenious
scheme by which a large portion of the population of Ire-
land could be transferred without difficulty and inane.-
Mance front this country to North America. and there
enabled to live in a state of comfort and prosperity. Oa the
contrary, the main motives which induced him not to oppose
the motion for a committee was this, that he trusted the
result of the evidence would be to disabuse men's minds of
the dangerous error which they entertained as to the extant
to whisk they seemed to think emigration could be usefully
tarried. No perpon entertained a higher opinion of emigra-
tion than himself, when it was confined to proper objects,
and kept within reasonable bounds, or believed more
firmly that, so confined, it would prove of great
benefit to the emigrants themselves, to the colonies,
and to the mother country. (Hear, hear.) But it was a
delusion to suppose, that by any emigration they
trill. such an immediate impression on the population
of either England or Ireland as all at once to diminish the
of distress which unhappily prevailed. He owned
he looked
with apprehension to the extravagant notions
which prevailed on the subject ; and he could not forget the
memorial which had been presented to the government,
agreed by several noblemen and members of the House of
Commons connected with Ireland. When the deputation
that presented that memorial found that the government
would not accede to their views, they gave it to be under-
stood that the measure would be brought forward in the
other hoar by a noble earl. But when the motion actually
came forward, this scheme, which had been prepared with 40
much care and deliberation, was most anxiously repudiated,
and the noble earl distinctly stated that he had no-
thing to do with it. (Hear.) He (Earl Grey) was cer-
tainly not going to revive it now. No: he would let it rest
on those dusty shelves in that limbo to which all such vision-
ary, crude, and impracticable schemes were consigned.
There might be some advantage In the appointment of this
committee, inasmuch as it would test the phut. Ho was far
from objecting to emigration altogether ; and another advan-
tage of the appointment ef the committee would be to show
what had been dope within the last few years, and what was
now doing is furtherance of emigration. The lost report of
It:e:leaden eommiesioo had not, perhaps, sufficiently
s the attention of their lordships. Up to 1830, there
was scarcely such a thing as emigration to Australia ; and
when he was in the colonial office he found that the lowest
fare to that colony was 401. The Earl of Ripon, however,
had caused Lad to be sold instead of granted, and emigra-
tion had bin promoted by that mass ; the consequence
having been that within the last sixteen years upwards of
100,000 emigrants had been taken to Australia; and the
=Lemoney was now reduced to about 121. or 131.
h the praiseworthy exertions of the emigration cam-
misionenthe mortality on board the emigrant ship. to Aus-
tralia had been reduced to less than one per cent ; in fact,
the mortality was less than among a similar number of per-
sons of the same age in this country. (Hear, hear.) It was
intended to extend, as far as possible, the which
had hitherto been adopted by the Cofonial-or7but, in
spite of its successful result in South Australia, the system
of the sale of land, at a considerable price, was anything
but popular in the colonies; and it was necessary to exercise
caution in no— ' - - --•

......
caution in pursuing it to ani gnat extent. Withieferenco to
North America although emigration to that put of the
world had not been created by any interposition of the go-
vernment, much had been accompWW. The eyetema few
yeah ago wu really a mere shovellita=mutt
any regard to their welfare when
tioa ; but there had been progreseiveinaprimmana iota now—.
an agency was established on both lame, the itleatie, whist'.
worked with the greatest benefit emigrants. It_an. ,
however, a mistake to sup airmen reeitt,reme
could be given to Ireland if . A ' :
toted in the mode of emi ' Is =7 and ik • '
, greeter stimulue given to it tv Armt*
pgclue
bad distinctly emu* seed that °pint
WOO peruse loft Eaglidat sad s lezyrim