The Express.
London, England, 1847-06-15 00:00:00

.that ia bitufarence was perfeetky
Again, there.. was the lateen's's of the
General of Holland In the English
tr
d 1688. The states wan In great danger frsomagg
deosinaet- power of home,* witich they knew would be
*cold William 111. obtain the crown of England.
taloadefaiiir kand,ifisones 11. retained the throne, he would
do so lathe vassal ot Franco, and in this lay the true vindi-
laden et** interference of the states general. These were
the limM MI& were insisted upon by Dutch statesmen as
taking tie Intervention of 1668 out of the general rule of
non-inter se. Now if it appeared that the rule of
non-intermotion teased to apply when a question ceased
to be an inhernal question, he would ask the -house to apply
that rule to the present cue. Was it not clear that in Apnl
the questies cheesed its character ? It was clear that then
Spain folly contsminted, and had resolved on, interference,
although the hem mumble for Finsbury had been unable to
find In the paws • single trace of Spanish interferenoe.
The of *met Palikeeo in 'en beg to Mr. Helene
on the 41141, IMP them:
Nigher lls stmt her pea that allhotethe horldt
venreset be deliglied their the
alto INA am% areolibei at that ZiCareet Pol=rhelt
sod thee Aped the troth d the pan* allow doubt tie pert.
pet this sith bthethabould Itlip thy mewl set be pair be the
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sable mod, ha ings;uumteg la dew la
accordmot sib Outsod le wry eft the iaterveatka In
the mom era an the belt width sada be delmoird es berths
dieter preiretha I moth beesevon mire topos, did to the
west ea map rein Indog width dee drop ef Dam Kola do
Carlo right be owethroes. Opera goverweent weld net pos-
sibly enema es orb a wieekepbe. and wouht set done and dataown thew&
Mr. Belem ownsering upon this pasties,
hewer, Ida that N. Peetreth nal whim ore M arrive at
sew Yr t. elks In liven of dr Quirk Is moth week our.
serer rat he Ire se with le Ithiehr t eh Pik ea wow d leme.
Yle at Aerie de we wither ear looms. liat, at the Name
ohm I dirk art the mar he will Pep hr sr:Ma eta tworee-
its trap be tee eateddid te OP the here of ore of the parties,
sod thenby resent Ile rift( reeowthis asordow ;es that,
wider eondo elmerdossen he loth alst=tata owe ••••
hon the rattles is wlidi be will did pred. to enter
lento without ranee with ea, and ems contrsry to our
whims and
He maintained, therefore, that Intervention, which could
only be armed intervention, wee contemplated, with or with.
out our concurrence, by the Spanish government. He
thought it mutt also be conceded that the French govern-
ment considered that in taking. that course the Spanish
government would be acting wisely. The expressions of
Guizot were clear and strung .on that point. He
said, "We think that what is now taking place
in Portugal justifies the call for assi-tance." He conceived,
then, that the case stood thee : The Bntish government
having laboured by good offices while the question remained
an internal question. found it at list taking the form of an
international question. In this state of things Spain collects
troops on the frontier—Spain declares that in *certain case
she will interfere. France declares that she thinks Spain
takes a just view of her rights.; and under these circum-
stances it was for the English government to consi-
der what on the whole would be the best course.
Let them try to apply the principle of non-in-
terference to the ease of Portugal under one of
two conditions. Either aheolute, not assisting either piety,
or non.interference, at the same time preventing other" from
interfering. Simply, in fact, interfering to keep the ring.
Suppose we said that if Spain sent an army, we would send
another, and a navy, to resist it. He would compare the in.
convenience of such a course with that which the govern-
ment had taken. Now as to saying absolutely, "We will
not interfere ; France and Spain may if they will, they may
occupy Portugal ;"—he conceived that each a course would
be absolutely disgraceful to this country. (Hear, hear.)
lie thought that considering our ancient historical
and intimate relations with Portugal, such a course would
have been nothing less than a complete abdication of the
place which England occupied among the nations of
the world. He thought thst if we bad taken that
coons, and Spanish interference had been the consequence
and had been successful, the position of the popular part;
and the junta would be worse than anything that could now
happen. (Hear, hear.) He did not wish to say anything
disreepectful of the Spanish people or government, but it
must he admitted that wartime had not of late years been
carried on in Spain in the most humane manner. (Hear,
hear.) He b:lieved that there was not a single man of the
liberal party in Portugal, who, if asked which foreign
power he should wish to settle the affairs of Portugal,
would net at once answer, England. (Hear, hear.)
that were se, he thought the course we had followed was
clearly a better course than absolutely.abrtaining from inter-
ference. The other course was not to interfere, and if other
powers attempted to interfere, to step forward and prevent
it. Now, he supposed that there was no member of an Eng-
lish House of Commons who would risk a threat when he
was not prepared to risk a war. (Hear, hear.) Then, were
they prepared to risk the very grave alternative of die
turhing the peace, which, for the lest thirty-two years
had subWted in Europe (Hear, hear.) When they con-
sidered what had been done during that peace for civilisa-
tion, humanity, and good government, and when they com-
pared the state of Europe during the last thirty-two years
with its state during the twenty-three years previous, he
thought that few would incur the responsibility of setting
the find spark to that masa of combu•dible matter which, if
set blazing, would he neither more nor less than a European
war. (Hear, hear.) Such a war might be redly com-
menced, but whether 1850, 60, or 70, would see the end, was
what the wisest man present could not foresee. (Hear.)
But still let him be understood, he would not give up one
single moral:, rof the junta to prevent a European war.
(Loud cheers) Mr. Fox, although a lover of pace, had
said that although he disliked the Bourbons, he would not
forfeit the rights of hospitality in regard to the worst of them
to prevent a war in Europe. He (Mr. Macaulay) felt the
same with regard to the junta. He therefore recommended
no unjust course, but to make a settlement for
Portugal beneficial for herself, and which should
prevent the degradation of giving Portugal up to Spain.
Look at the protocols. Why, our first demands were perfect
Immunity for the popular party; and let the house re-
amber how hard the bottle had been fought. (Hear, hear.)
The Portuguese government asked that some might be sent
from Portugal. No ; we would not consent to that. Welt,
let them be sent to Paris, whither their fortunes would be
regularly remitted, with further aid, if required, from the
government. Not one mile from the territory of
Portugal. Eighteen? No. Sixteens No: Twelve?
No; net one. Net one would we give up, and
those terms we had adhered to to the last.
In order to avoid a collision with Spain or France, they
would not connive at the banishment for ten months to Pans
of one member of the junta. Complaints were made of the
unconstitutional acts which had hewn committed; by the 2nd
Article it was provided that they should be revoked. It was
complained that the calling together of the Cortes had been
too long delayed ; by the 3rd Article it was provided that
they should be immediately convoked. It was complained
that the influence of De Theriot and the Cabrals was too
powerful; and by the 4th Article it was provided that no
member of that party should be restored to power.
An Hon. Monsoon—now will you guarantee it ?
Mr. MACAULAY—How was it to be guaranteed ! He
could not conceive a better guarantee than this—that, hutted
of an agreement between the Queen of Portugal and her sub-
jects, it was anagreement between the Queen of Portugal,
and England, Spain and France. who had the undoubted
power to compel its fulfilment. (Hear, hear.) This was, in
his opinion, a complete justification of the course ,r hich the
government had poletted. There was a circumstance to
which he would diode, which related to the manner in
which the orders at the government had been carried into
effect. Even if the aloes in command had neglected to
give due notice to the authorities at Oporto, that would
not justify any one In voting for the motion of the
hon. member for Meatless. Still it was the duty of
the government, when ibess who had served them well,
and long, were smell* to lose the lb* opportunity of
vindicating them. H.. Macaulay) meted that there
never was a fairer or oldies, and It any one ventured
to deny it, he did not think that they sonM do so e OneCien-
dowdy. On the 23rd of May this letter wee addressed by the
captain of the Gladiator tstitetoMi •
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Under them dninastunes, he world defy any OW to Nay
that tbiwie hod net boss • MI and fair notice given. Ss
had amain intim to odd, mop to thank the house for
the meaner in which they had listened to him. He would
nun up shortly thus—that it woe utterly impoesible, consi-
dering the relations in which this countrry stood to Portugal,
not to interfere; particularly considenng the position in
which we stood as regarded France and Spain. If we had
not interfered, and suffered France and Spain to interfere,
we should have lowered England to the bottom of the scale
of nations. If we had not interfered, and 'aid that we would
declare war against France and Spain if they interposed, we
should have incurred a grave responsibility, and in-
curred the danger of plunging Europittato a general war.
Nothing remained, therefore, but to interfere in the manner
in which we did. There were three almost ineo
objects to he attained—the dignity of England, the
of Portugal, and the posse of Europe ; and there wretits=
one way by which they could be attained, and he b
that now they would be effected. If the policy was right,
there could be little dispute as te the manner in which it was
carried out; it could not be doubted that the means were
adapted to the end, and that the instruments were well
chosen. He repeated that they had done the dutuchleh
them
lay on in the manner which bad been so emp
expressed by hie hon. friend in the amendment which be
had moved, and their consciences acquitted them; and be
hoped that the rote of the house would acquit them, in this
embarrassing juncture, of having failed in their duty to
England or to Portage/. (Cheers.)