The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-25 00:00:00

estimated at 3,311,860. Of these, 1,864,141 are
classed as growers of food. The manufacturers
and traders of Ireland, those whose industry
ministers to clothing, lodging, health, charity, jus-
tice, education, and religion, are altogether fewer
than the mere growers of food. The 1,854,141
agricultural labourers, in a country where five is the
average number of a family, correspond pretty closely
with the seven millions and upwards of rural popu-
lation. Making some allowance for the number of
females engaged in hard out-of-door labour in Ireland,
the eight millionsmay with great probability be divided
into six millions dependent on agriculture for sub-
sistence, and two dependent on other industrial pur-
suits. The arable land of Ireland amounts to thirteen
and a half millions of acres ; the rural population to
seven millions. The growers of food, and the
masons, tailors, and others immediately minister-
ing to their wants, are to the productive land
as one person to less than two acres. The
growers of food, if fairly fed, would be almost
enough to eat up the whole produce of themselves.
While such a disproportionate number of the whole
of society are engaged in the one business of produc-
ing food, capital never can accumulate, or the
abridged processes of labour which it renders possible
and which in turn accelerate its increase, be introduced.
So long as the Irish continue as exclusively agricultu-
rists as at present, so long will they be continually on
the blink of destitution.

The Paris journals of the 23rd, and our usual cor-
respondence have reached us. The government was
as yet without any news of Count .Montemolin or
Cabrera. The Legitimist papers had announced that
the Prince was safely on his way to the north of
Germany, but this is evidently an attempt to turn
attention from the right scent. Some people enter-
tained the stran4e notion that the French Cabinet
had had a hand in the escape of the son of Don Carlos,
but this is very far from true, as King Louis Philippe
is much chagrined, and his Ministers greatly astonished.
However, the Cabinet does not seem to be
over-anxious about the consequences of the Due de
Montpensier's marriage. The Comte Salvandy, Mi-
-1 sister for Public Instruction, who was for a few
weeks ambassador in Spain, has persuaded his col-
leagues that the Prince will be received with en-
thusiasm by the whole population. " Depend on it,"
said the Count, on Tuesday, to one of his friends, in
his usual affected style, " the slight cloud you sec in
the sky will not bring a storm on us, and France and
Spain united can afford to withstand the frowns of
England." The Debate still continues its remarks on
the Montpensier marriage, and seems to glory in the
fact that as yet no Carlist disturbance had taken place.
It will be seen, however, from our Madrid corres-
pondence, that so far front this being the case, dis-
turbances have actually taken place. The astita-
tiuunelel says :

" That amongst the rumours which were current on the
22nd at the Bourse, and which tended to revive the funds,
the most accredited was the announcement of the approach-
ing departure for London of the Duke do Brog.ic. It was
said that he was present on Monday at the Council of Minis-
ters summoned by his Majesty, and that he is to leave this
day for London with an autograph letter from the King of
the French to the Queen of England, containing a formal
renunciation in the name of the Due de Montpensier. This
declaration has been considered as of a nature to put an end
to all the difficulties that has taken place between France
and England. It was added that the Duc do Montpensier
is to renew this declaration officially and publicly at Madrid."
The Duke de Broglie was not present at the Coun-
cil, and so far from setting out for England on the 23d,
he has left Paris for one of his estates in France. The
Omditutionnet does not, in giving the above rumour,
say what the renunciation of the Due de Montpen-
sier is, but we suppose his eventual rights to the
throne of France are meant.
- - - •

The Due de Montpensier will certainly take his
departure for Madrid on the 28th inst. The Prince
is to be;accompanied by the first aide-de-camp to the
King, Lieut.-Gen. Athalin, Colonel Thierry, his own
aide-de-camp, M. de Latour, his secretary, and several
officers of his staff. His Royal Highness will go
straight to Tours by railway, and sleep at Angouleme
on the 28th, at Bordeaux on the Nth, and at Bayonne
on the 30th. The Prince will remain one day in this
last town, thence to proceed to Madrid by easy
stages. Count Bresson, the French Ambassador, and
two Spanish grandees, will receive the Duke at Irun.
Marshal Bugmud left Paris oa Saturday for Exci-
deuil. Ho will not embark for Algeria before the
iith of October.

The National furnishes the following from the
Spanish capital.
" Our correspondent at Madrid makes us acquainted with
what is said in the capital, and what he himself collected
from the lips of a functionary, attached to the War depart.
merit relative to the famous night on which M. Bresson and
Madame Manes wrung. from the Queen and the Infanta
their consent to the marriages. On the previous evening the
Minister of War replied to some one who questioned him
about the marriage, ' The repugnance of the Queen to what
we wish is so great, that we shall not be ab e to overcome it.'
Notwithstanding this, he was, as well as the other ministers,
aroused about two o'clock in the morning, and summoned
in all haste to the palace, where M. Bresson still remained.
They thought they had been collected together to be informed
of some fresh move in Portugal, or of some misunder,tanding
produced by the orders and counter-orders given to General
Villalonga. They were all astounded, Messrs. Pedal and
Mon perhaps the least of all, when, not in a very composed
voice, the principal actor in the drama, with a countenance
red as scarlet, informed them of the decision. There was
neither declaration nor objection
.possible, for it was an-
nounced to the Ministry thata courier had already set off for
Bayonne, bearing a telegraphic dispatch addressed to the
French Government."
- - - -

The subject of Don Henry's protest is thus noticed
by the Presse :
' There is no fear of Europe entering into a new war of
succession, so fatal to Spain, in order to sustain the right of
Don Henry. He sadly deceives himself in this respect. It
is not upon him that descends the rights guaranteed by the
treaty of Utrecht, whose rights could be claimed in oppo-
sition to the great European interests, in favour of which they
were established. Were the acts of 1713 to be maintained
in their integrity, it is neither upon Don Henry nor his fa-
mily that they would fall. But setting. European interests
aside in every point, except the great principle of the balance
of power, which interdicts the union of the crowns of
France and Spain upon one head, the treaties of 1713 have
no longer any operation. But for this it would not only be
against the eventful claims of the children of the Duke de
Montpensier that Don Henry would have to protest, it
woulst be against the right of the young Queen who now sits
on the throne of Spain, and whom he is so happy to see
married to his brother. It would not be in the ranks of the
revolutionists of Spain, who so loudly proclaim the desire to
make him their instrument, that Prince Henry should Le
found, but by the side of the son of Don Carlos, endeavour-
ing to establish that absolute power which has been de.
stroyed by revolution. It has been too much forgotten that
there is still some logic in the world, and it is time that the
pretenders of all colours who are disseminated in Europe
should learn to conform their conduct to it, or at least resign
themselves to the condition in which it has pleased God to
place them."
Alluding to the presence of the English squadron
off Cadiz, the Constitotionne/ says—
" It will not have been of long duration, for orders were
issued for its departure on the 15th or 16th. Vice-Admiral
Parker paid a visit on the 14th to the Spanish Captain.
General, and the latter returned it the next day on board
the Hibernia. when be partook of a dejeinser. The English
Admiral proposed as a toast the health of the Queen of Spain,
whose marriage he trusted would contribute to the happi-
ness of the nation. The Captain-General replied by a toast
'to the Queen of England,' in which,' says the Haruki°,
' he expressed a hepe that, in the event of a war, the two
nations would fight side by side.' If that statement be cor-
rect, it must be admitted that the toast is at least strange at
a moment when the Captain-General could not be ignorant
cf the new ties about to unite France and Spain. On quit-
ting Cadiz the English fleet was to have sailed for Malta."
" The Carlists," says the Sleek—
" Will, perhaps, make a demonstration, but the civil war
will not assume the great proportions it did between 1834
and 1839. Spaniards seldom fight among themselves, unless
it be for their provincial, privileges. Now, those privileges
have made way for new institutions (whether good or bad
we do not mean to decide), and the provinces are beginning
to feel the blessings and advantages of national unity and
administrative uniformity. The lever of civil wars is,
accordingly, much weakened, and almost nearly broken.
But England, we arc told, will raise Europe against us, and
wage war upon us on account of that union. This is an-
other question. If that prediction be realised, it will prove
that we were right in affirming that the cordial understand-
ing existed only in words, and nowise in facts, since Eng-
land resorts to such an extremity for so trifling a motive.
• • • .•

The l'resse has the following on the-Tahiti ques-
tion:—

" Some journals persist in repeating that the government
intends to abandon the four Society Islands—Huahine, Bora-
bora, Relate*, and Maupiti, but we are able to give details
on the subject which cannot leave any doubt on the most
evil-disposed minds. When Admiral Dupe& Thouars esta-
blished the protectorate of Tahiti, he stipulated by the treaty
that the island of Tahiti and its dependencies should be
under the protection of the French flag The islands con-
nected with Tahiti, which are deptudenmes of the sovereignty
of Queen roman, were consequently assimilated to the island
itself. The notes exchanged between the governments of
England and. France since 1843 prove that the French mi-
nistry intended to limit the Protectorate, and not to extend
it to the Society Wanda, over which not only the JOUVe-