The Express.
London, England, 1848-10-05 00:00:00

Elie Orprea.

Am rade Or lOW dank Ana*" aid the Umbel Oster
da Wiwi up Who maid et re eh Or
Aim Odder bleb o=rear Ilararr Cali% mat aMnitir
• leVes ibe the Tab Or
Da dad Ilandlimos Siatinsmark
ftlifiragrabib. Hampifdei. ha. TM be made ea is the
Id India
pm ht
Bib= hrriwlllwanerk New Oradar OM. Ma ram dill
be red up aa the oradeg tbe Or Or
The waled sea M Maid direr Orem the Odd bide,
11•701. bar Older !hair nofaen& aim itederp-
Ve be ode dos the arruld el WIMO Or
rode Id Nam Ma W. Toe Dhorter tel
di New
kahaa A be ode up ea the world d the Itel
Mr mile kit the Wer Ord et Aida Id MeddA Made
fp ow the eraig et the Nat Or
The math lar ladder the Illeadr led= Arid will be
at de up es dr maid at the Ith Nov.

Glen Want AT MOWS
711 ow I: Mamma. N wet
-416fri0.. par Ahem" of pad 7.

LONDON. THURSDAY. OCT. 5.

Twined has certainly not been so rampant for
them thirty years as it is at proven!. Never was its
prom so intolerant, so insolent. so =patient of • go-
comment that will rot go to the fall leogth of de own
frenzy. No matter what the queetion—lrish polity
or foreign policy, or domestic nistearee—reeetion is
the word. Ana nothing meats to eatiedy save the re-
enactment of penal laws is inland, the re-eshiblieh-
mot of the Holy Alliance in Europe, of the corn
laws and all their concomitants at home.

It is evident that there is some move orintemplaMar
some new combination at work. Peru., GIAKAX,
the veterans of the tory party, are evidently not
listened to. They could not commence a crusade
against Irish priests, or for the re-establishment of
the BOSIRIsONS. No, poor Lord GEORGE BENTINCICB
removal must have inspired the young alumni of
Pm with the desire to reunite the tory party under
their juvenile lead ; and they are evidently making
advances to the ultra-tories.

Who could have expected to behold the Standard
and the iforniny Chronic* fighting ander the same
banner, and indulging in the same strain of frenzied
argument—both denouncing the government of Ire-
lead for not implicating the catholic hierarchy in the
O'BRILI4 rebellion, fur not potting Father KLZITOM
in the dock, and fur not giving the signal by judicial
proceedings for the renewal of that old war between
orange and green which it hee taken • quarter of a
iesntary to allay. Were Lord CLARIMDON to follow the
advice of those wise men, prosecute the catholic
clergy, and at the same time adopt the proposal of
Os Quarterly to call out the yeomanry, we should
then, indeed, have an Ireland after the fanatic's
heart—the Ireland of the latter portion of the 18th
centary.
There is no fact more manifest in the late Irish in-
correction, than that the catholic clergy dissuaded,
resisted it, &Al contributed to put it down. To prove
the contrary of this fact is the forlorn hope of the
Orangemen. They feel that a rebellion, not only not
supported by the catholic clergy, but *oppressed by
it, annihilates the whole stock in trade of
their fanaticism, via, that catholicism is the
only treason. And they expect the govern-
ment to implicate the hostile clergy. Invention has
of coarse been set to work. Barra O'Britex's port-
meatier" is announced to have been full of letters from
prelates, men who always have had a horror of
O'Barsfe. When this will not cb, the request is, to
prosecute at least one priest, to implicate some of the
clergy, and thee give a religious colour of ever so
slight a shad* to the iosorreetion. The govern-
ment has not allowed itself to be the dupe
of so palpable a manoeuvre. 011afax's re-
bellion was a lay insurrection, if ever there
was one, and so was his party. Some of them, each
as Mr. Duerr, might, at the eleventh hour, have
peoposed to pet • sacerdotal name on their war
committee, for the sake of appearing to have a priest
in their directory. But to implicate Father KF.IITON
because Mr. DOM put him forward for an election
that did not take place, wero indeed going out of the
way to quarrel with that religious body which
showed itself in the crisis neither insurrectionary nor
hostile.

Whilst the Orangemen are this endeavouring to
make the trials of the unfortunate O'Bisetc and
his accomplices into a stalking-horse for their
fanatical purposes and rancour, the democrats have
got up a cock and bull story of equal extravagance to
implicate the moderate liberals of England in some
movement equally violent and treasonable. Lord
Jons Russ= was to be accused of a conspirecy_to
dethrone her MAJMITT, with one of the military Na-
mes far his commander-in-chief, and Mr. Josses
PAIMMI for his privy councillor. The editor of the
Standard was to vouch for the truth of this by-gone
conspiracy, which is disinterred like the bodies of cer-
tams victims, and given to the faculty to discover if '
certain grams of poison may not be extracted.
It is really curious to read the Standard's argu-
ments upon these matters, as an example of how far
intellectual aberration may go short of insanity One
of these arguments is, that Sims O'Brien ancl
hiate-
compliess took up arms in Tipperary for the express
purpow of saving the protestant. of Ireland from
assumnation ! We know not whether Mr. Want-
UDR will put forward this ingenious wertion in
plea of abatement. We quote it merely ea a sample
of party ratiocination upon the very plainest and least
m coos of questions.
Poor SWISH O'Bruen's insurrection was like most
Irish middle-clue once, purely sentimental, that is,
inevitably ridiculous. Deceived by the stentorian
voice of his own Mends in their own journals, and of
some scores of civic associates in half a down towns,
he imagined himself the man of the people, whereas
the people knew him not. If. had swelled
himself into an extempore rival of O'Connitz,
forgetting the years, and the owe, and the
talent, and the solid conquests which had made op
O'Connell:6 title to moral sovereignty. Musa
O'Brustr's life, like his rebellion, was a deludes; and
be, *hoes chief complaint wind English 'ministers
was that they knew not Ireland, merely alsrded a
striking proof that he, the leader attire Irish coniede-
ration,lmew far less of Ireland ItimealL
The best result that we should hope from the pre-
sent trials would be, to put. an end to the anti-
mental school of politicians in Ireland, a school in
which bop are sure to predominate, and fop to pre-
vaiL Deana ham real grievance., west one ills, the
removing and the righting of which ought to be set
about in sober, rational, and manly ways. The reme-
dies lie neither in the songs of Duerr, the tirades of
DAVIS, nor in pikehead or pistol. And we are only
sorry that the confederates were allowed to itz:
colour of swimmers to their puerile efforts.
far that they were crualteclarith Tidied, than with
martyrdom. Th. trials invest them with too mach
sublimity ea it is. But the idea of them,
or cam this, with a religious war, oe with our
rat& ml and manly struggles far extending liberty
in England, is something altogether unworthy of
Saxon ernes.

Tas beginning of the year 1849, which is now fast
approaching, will be distinguished in the history of
this country as the period when a steam communica-
lion by way of Egypt and India was established be.
twain Great Britain and our vast colonies in Austral-
sae. For some months past powerful and well-ap-
poisted steamers have been leaving Southampton
Water, and wending their way to the Indian weak
permed to convey,
.ar to supply the place of those
which may be appointed to many, mails between
Singapore and New South Wales. The
gives and extension of steam navigation Vitt=
from Egypt to India sad from Irdia to Mina, almost
prevent us from estimating the megnikent ea-
terries which is now about to be completed.
la Ave weeks' time the go ernment will have
entered into usable, y with one single steam
navigation company, for the conveyance of mails easel'
ward kir upwards of twelve thousand miles. Very
shortly a letter posted in England will be delivered
in about two months afterwards at the antipodes.
The midi of the earth may then be sail to be united,
and the most distant countries known or dreamt if
by the ancient world will only be in testing
for travellers during a rapid flight around the g
When the extent and unrivalled fertility of Aus-
tralia is ooneidered, as well as the suitability of its
climate for Naglielnan, and the ahneat exclusive
possession ci its territory by the Englialt nation,
one cannot avoid looking to that country mainly for re-1
lief from the overwhelming increase dour population.
The establishment, therefore, of a rapid postal com-
munisation between the two countries is a matter of,

I=hasenissesarable impornines, and, when
, mast be attded with beneficial rem
lt is the want of this, in a great measure, that I
hitherto limited the number of emigrants to At
India, and soatiesd migration to those salmi's,
• asuldurable degree, to the lowics or tl
working alarm Hitherto, the longest poet
and Irregular
in the transatiOdon of
country and oar most distant
.ggemnism, has discouraged those from oni-
on/gag whams affections have not been blunted
by wait or poverty. They bars known that they
would be perpetually huamed by Isar and
anxiety about friends and relatives from whom they
were separated. But when &postal communication,
rapid, frequent, and regular, is established, distance
from Minds will not be so severely felt. The poorest
alums also, finding those above their awn rink whom
they have known in this country diisosed to emigrate
and to whom they could look up to in a distant land
foe either employment, assistance. ae protection, will
be less unwilling than they now are to have a place,
where both food and labour are scarce, for a spot
where they are abundant.
Persona of rank, wealth, and influence will shortly
be enabled to visit our most distant colonies,
and contribute also in some degree to lessen
the dislike of essigrati^n. The comforts and
luxuries enjoyed on board large and well-ap-
pointed steamers induce wealthy. individual to ex-
tend their travels, and in a short time hence persons
of money and leisure will be able to pass
by the shoe.. of India and China, to view the
wonders of another hemisphere, without consuming
more time or experiencing greater inconvenience than
used to be occupied and felt in a summer cruise to
the Mediterranean.

In a few weeks two lines of stesm navigation will
be foetid branding Wrest and west from this country.
The one to the east will, by means of a branch steamer
from
7=, extend from Southampton to
NewZaland, and the other to the west, extend-
ing also by. Southampton through the Mexican
Gulf to the borders of the Pacific Ocean ; and at no
distant day perhaps an ocean pathway will be formed
which will extend around the globe, and be only broken
by the Isthmus ,f Suez and that of Panama.
It is consolatory to reflect that, while other nations
are fighting for social existence and preventing an
emus of population by fratricidal war, we are
bridging over the immensity of the ocean to encou-
rage clamorous and discontented multitudes to fiy to
a land of exuberant plenty; and that, instead of
slaughtering men at the barricades, we are enabling
them to build up a mighty empire in a distant land,
in which they can enjoy every political and social
blessing.

Tux anxiety and alarm of the public, at the preva-
lence of vagrancy have greatly increased of late. The
moral evils which follow in Its train, combined with
the pecuniary loss which it entails on the rate-
payers, have forced themselves on the consideration of
all who have either their own or the public interest at
heart. The first question which occurs to every one
in such circumstances is, what have the legislature
' and the executive been about all the time that this
formidable evil was growing up to its present height ?
What new laws have been passed, what administra-
tive improvements have been introduced for its correc-
tion ? To what extent have the measures put in force
succeeded, and if, as it is to be inferred, the major
part of them have failed, to what is that failure to be
attributed? What steps have subsequently been
taken to remedy these failures, and what new regula-
tions are at this moment recommended or enforced by
the Poor-law Board ?

The main obstacle • hich presents itself, both in
discussing the subject of vagrancy, and in legislating
for its suppression, is the twofold character of the
pawns who are liable to be comprised under the
category of vagrants, and the difficulty which must
always exist, not so much is distinguishing worthy
from unworthy objects among those who apply for
casual relief, as in establishing • legal demarcation,
technically defined and universally intelligible, which
the public shall approve of, and relieving officers feel
themselves warranted in strictly enforcing. Mr.
Ltail.CY in his excellent little work on Vagrancy
sus;
is a great social evil, which in this ceeetry pre-
leadgarL as In one point of view it is an meident
of deetitutulaa and pauperism, In the ether it is part of a sys-
tem of fraud cunt crime. The bonier renders the matter am
of the subjects of the lawn Br the relief of the destitute;
the latter beip it wader the minbanse of the panel law.
There is no dsisalq la cempreheading in the abstract the
distineties between the two damn. The labourer seeking
work, or the discharged servant refusing to her home,
overtaken by shames or with mesas exhausted before the
place of deedisn is reached, will he readily acknowledged
as a destining being, to whom shelter sad the @WWII( pro-
sided by law ler the poor should be supplliised. Bat the stout
healthy vagabond who prelim a waoidaieg life to a steady
and laborious tee ; or the petty plunderer, who winders
about in various dignifies, sad by fraud and devices seeks to
entrap the unwary, or, when meadow; offer, to Olin the ob-
jects of smell vane which are too frineently exposed to him
—is readily allowed to Cis consigned to the police or the
penal law.
Never helm, there has ever been the greatest practical
difficulty is dealing with this evil. There as no Maiden of
the grunt term of yummy, either with reference to relief
or to penal esneeqvieness. Ic regard to relief, the want of
the definition predawn much evil and embarrassment in its
administration. • • • •
This went of all power of disti between the
to be relieved sad the party to be 411 in es
nature has led greatly to the serious Inman of vagrancy
which now eppraees the country, more particularly under
the messt mods of administering the relief of the poor.

Mr. UNLIT thenproceeds to contrast the differences
in this respect between the working of the old and the
new poor law, and to explain how the diminished
powers, as well se the increased rsporibilities to the
central board and to public opinion generally, of the
curdless and rams rider the new system, all
traded to maks them latarpret with cessiderable lati-
lade the not always very coherent irruptions
of the poor-law commimmers, in regard of
the treatment of apparent vagrants. Mr.
1.111111141 statements en this head, amide:-
in; that he is himself an mewl* of the board,
are saficiently impartial; and be deserves credit for
supplying exact reformer to the principal docu-
ments on vagrancy, which are mattered through their
ilts'original object of the camesters of the new
system, and me d the principal chimeras with which
they sassed themselves, was the total suppression of
seendicasey. Of this they were soon forced to recog-
nise the atter Mendicancy, or day-
begging, name pretty mar when it was ; while
the injudicious efforts to exterminate it, have undeni-
ably fostered the growth and aggravated the malig-
nancy of the frightful social dimmer or mar of cha-
sms, which is now known and dreaded under the
voltname of vagrancy.
vagrant, or as he was wont to be more ex-
prude* defined, the " rogue and vagabond," is
a persoesgs any_thing but new, either to our history
or oar laws. Legally he dates from bluff HARRY.
That most arbitsury of all despots was not only a
most eadenteneseragerripauperiem and vagrancy, by
his apprecridius to his own and his minions' use, of
the sedesirlisal rename, which however mis-spent
otherwise, had not Idled to relieve the poor, bat he
was likeeill• an unparalleled repressor of vagrancy
is all its ferias, whipping for the first offence, crop-
ping the eight ear for the second, and, after conviction
at queer reties, hanging for the third! His sue-
mere and heir ministers were nowise unwilling to
avail themselves of the precedents which he left
them. We kart what chronicler of Queen ELIZA-
BITE'S UM it is, who, summing up the blessings of
her iron role, mentions it as highly to her honour
that recess war trusted up epees" at the rate of
300 or 40, warm
This lawsksi could not go on for ever.
The esedretitme sad amities of RiNIY WEL led
by a astral. segeonse le the 43rd of Elisabeth.
This, tough at first a elary act, was for nearly
two seated= most inseseM hi its operatmo. The
first Mow to its usefulness was the 38 111., e. 23,
whisk ahellised the restrictions on out-door relief.
This unwise alteration in what had been for 70 years
the rind* at its administration concurred with the
eztemien of soanufsethring system, the burden of
owe Maud abt, the preemie stair corn laws, and
other sermeralal restrictions, and the canker of a
' rag ram to get the 43rd Mr superseded by the
met topspin statute ere passed by an English
Irgisletere. _ _

-Of ssodsra • by far_ the mond minute and
somas sossont is to hood In the esisbratod, sad
yet too Ms rod sad too Win lusted. &put of
the Ourtsbolary Foss Oossodssiumrs," issued in
1839, sod ropsisted in dm the oune par. Of all tu
bine boats tbs hidsdbligabis Mr. CRADWZOK
bas had a head in MiffilgieL that is the most pro.
foundly institutive. It is food, to a Brest eatellt, oa