The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-10 00:00:00

Bept. 4 ... ad Vis :dd.'eaUs
6 weeks' A. Aver. Oa on Kis 3428 s 9%1 42s 2.4143 s id
(Mere are no dudes on Foreign Grain.)

75 5
66 10
41 11
60 4
56 ... ..
BAnnsLET, Sept. B.—We had a good supply of grain, prin-
cipr,ly new, in which a fair amount of bunness was done at
less money than on the preceding market.

,43. 2d

'. Aue.l4. j Aut. 21.

...or. i July 31. i ....... .. ,---._ _.,.......... _..lAug. 23. L Sept. 4.
77 ". ... 9—.1 ..
• "
•" •••
...

BIRMINGHAM, Sept. 9.-At this day's market there was
a large attendance of buyers, and Wheat sold readily at an
improvement of 3.. to 4s. per qr. on new, and 2s. to 31. per
qr. on old. Barley of all kinds ls. per 9r. higher. Beans
fully ao dear. Peas very scarce; much inquired for. Oats
sold slowly, et former prices. Indian Corn la. to 2s. per
qr. dearer, and a good deal changed hands. During the
present week, the transactions in 11/heat have been on a
large scale, at an advance of Is. to 2s. per qr. on all descrip-
tions. We have a good consumptive demand for Barley, at
fully lout market day's prices. Fine Oats fully as dear;
secondary Is. per qr. lower. Indian Corn held for some
advance, which has lessened the sale. Peas a good deal
inquired for, and few offering. On Beans the turn is in favour
of the seller-Wheat, English, white, per bushel of
62 lbs., 61. 7d. to 7a. ; new, 6s. 6d. to 7s. Id. ; red,
fis. 4d. to 75.; new, 61. sd. to Gs. 10d. ; foreign, red, be. Bd.
to Ga. 6d.; white, 6s. 6d. to 7s. 6d. ; Polish Odessa, 6r.
to 6*. 6d. ; Danube, 6s. to 6s. 4d. Barley, per imperial
quarter, 325. to 395. ; grinding, per 3921b5. 235. to 275.
Oats, Brutish, white, per Imperial qr., 265. to 365. •
Welsh, back and white, per 312 lbs., 241. to 265. ; Irish
(401 b. to 421 b.), 263. to 271.; (371 b. to 391 b.), 24.. to
264. ; black, 235. to 245. Beans, English, per 1961 be.,
old, 18a. fid. to 21s. 6d. ; Irish, 17s. to 18s. ;
foreign, 143. Gd. to 18a. 6d. Peas, boiling, per imp. qr., 445.
to 50s. ; grinding, per 1961bs ,14.. 6d. to 16s. fkl. Lentils, per
1961b5i., 15s. to 16a. 6d. Indian Corn, per 1961b5., 12s. fid. to
14s. 6d. Flour, pier sack of 2801 b., English, fine, 42a. to 445. ;
seconds, 381. to 401.
BISHOPS STORTPOI/O, Sept. 9.-A good supply of Wkeat
and Barley, but ao inclination on the part of factors or mil-
lers to purchase, even at a reduction of 4s. per qr. on Wheat
from last week's prices. Wheat sold from 425. to 465. per
qr. Barley, new, 28s. to 325. Oats, 18s. to 235.
- - - - - -

•
y BRISTOL, Sept. 9.—The harvest being completed in this
'country under most favourable circumstances, the new grain
is offered in moderate quantity, of generally good quality
and condition. The few lots of Irish Oats which have ap-
peared are of the same character. The arrival,' to this port
during the week are only 2,018 barrels of Flour from
Montreal ; and the stocks of grain and Flour here are mode-
rate. The trade has remained depressed ; great difficulty is
experienced by all sellers. At to-day's market there was a
poor attendance of farmer*, and none but those who had
thrashed out their Wheats sold at 6s. Gd. to Gs. per bushel—
hut week's prices, which were firmly supported, and in some
instances rather better sales were made of foreign Wheats,
from 425. to 60s. per qr., as in quality. English Flour,
seconds, per sack, 355. to 375., and barrels remain low, say
241. to Me. per barrel. Rather more demand for grinding
Barley, at the late low rates,-225. to 24e. New malting
rtmples are shown, of very good quality, and a few sales
made at 30t. to Ms. New black Oats. per qr., 201. ; white,
20s. to 235. Old Oats unaltered. Beans remain without
demand.

DEVIZES, Sept. 9.—Our market was moderately supplied
with Wheat, that of last year's growth still forming the
greater part of the bulk ; there was a good attendance of
buyers, and the trade was much more Fvely than for several
week. past, a good clearance being made, particularly in the
new Wheat, nearly all of which was sold, at not more than
Is. per qr. decline, while the old fully maintained last week's
prices. There was scarcely any white Wheat, the quota-
tions of which aro nearly nominal. Barley was in moderate
supply, and met a good demand. The supply of Oata
was fair, and site sale free, at last week's prices. Beans
and Peas were in good supply, and the trade was
heavy. Rye was in good supply, and cold freely at from 19s.
to 21s. a each. There was a fair supply of Tare', the (rade
of which was good, and price" from 7a. to is. 6d. a bushel.
Wheat, per qr., best, white, 525. to 565. ; red, 51s, to 5.5.. ;
inferior, 425. to 50s. Burley, 325. to 375. Oats, 245. to 30s.
Beans, new, 481. to 58s. Peas, per sack, 481. to 545. Flour,
fine, 40s. to 4414 seconds, 365. to 40s. Best Bread, Is. ;
seconds, Ild. the 81b. loaf.

GAINPROROOOII, Sept. 7.—We had a fair supply of new
Wheat at this market to-day, but the farmers had to submit
to a reduction of fe. per qr. from last week's prices. Barley,
both for grinding and malting, was cheaper, and but little sold
- - -

GODALMING. Sept. B.—Our market to-day was abund-
antly supplied with new What. for which about Gs. per
quarter leas than last week would have been taken ; but
many samples were not sold. Wheat, red, 42a, to 465. ;
white, tots. to 64.. Barley, 26•. to 30a.; melting, 32a. to
Us. Peas, 38s. to 435. Oats, 2ta., 10 265. per qr.

naaLow.—This fair, bald regalia!, was extensively
supplied with soma spiamlill • imams of the cart breed.
Many were sold to go Se London hr the use of coal
merchants and brxwm, at from 60 to 70 guineas each.
Cart Colts were numerous, with plenty of buyers, the
priciest sorts tetchiest from 35 to 4.5 guineas tech. Old
Horses were more saleable than at Barnet, but not to any
great extent, many being left unsold. The supply of Cattle
for grazing was shorter than usual, those in good condition
making more money by 6d. per stone, and very few remaining
unsold. There was a good sprinkle of Cows forward with
Calf, of the Suffolk breed, which found buyers at from 121.
to 151. each. The Pig pens were well stoched, but few
Doyen, and the prime lower.
LivuurooL, :Sept 7.—We had a moderately seasonable
supply of stock at our cattle-market yesterday, 1,719 Beasts,
12,501 Sheep and lesente,viz.:-1,666 Beast, 8,31713haap and
Lambs from Ireland ; 13 Beasts and 3,534 Sheep and Lambe
from Scotland ; and 40 Beasts and 650 Sheep and Lambe
from our own immediate district. There was a tarz:Jiini-
nation in the number of Lambe. For °anis the was
not very good early in the day ; the buyersanticipating a re•
ductless in coosequenoe of the bad accounts from Mester
last week, but the sellers being very firm, badness was brisk
an the day ednaced, and last week's prices well maintained,
and a fair clearance effected. Sheep were not so much in
demand, and mold not be sold up and we quote a reduction
on of id. per lb. the bast &seri ns; and on middling and
tow qualities than was a decline of Id. per lb. Lambs of
good quality were saleable, and maintained their previous
vales. No alteration in Veal Calves.

Mitwo•sn.z, Sept. 7.—We have had more cattle on offer
to-day than there has been for some wake past. Also a
very leap show of Sheep and Lambs. As a whole, both
Sheep and Lambs were very inferior in respect of quality. A
small supply of Swine. There is little change in the value of
the better qualities of cattle, while the middling kinds are a
slow sale, and prices looking down, and part left unsold.
Good Sheep and Lambs are in active request, and prices
have underfoot little alteration ; but owing to the large
somber on offer, the middling qualities are hanging ; prices
are looking down, and part left unsold. Pip are both scarce
and dear. Prime: Beasts, 6s. to 7s. per stone of 14 lbs.
Sheep and Lambe, 6d. to 7d. per lb., sinking offal.
ROTH !IMAM, Sept. 6.—We had only a middling supply
of Beasts and Sheep at this dare market, and of only won -
elezrality. The attendance of buyers numerous, which
ca the Beef trade to rule middling brisk. Mutton dull
sale, and some left on head. Beef, per stone, 6.. 6d. to 7.. ;
prime, 7s. 6d. Mutton, per lb., 64d. to 7d.
Ba.roae, St. B.—We)ve had a very good show botb
Ot Blotto sod '..19 NW. bob( toll 7 lodes
to the do.
-011111*-boyao bed dill Wooster Is Ow former at Gs. to lee
per head, and the latter la. to 2a. per had. A fair clearance
was made.

8111111171 BURT Fata.—The supply of Sheep was TM
large, but principally store Ewes and Withers. The num-
ber of prime fat Wolin was very limited, and but very
few Lambs. The fat Sheep made from 64d. to 7d. per lb.,
and the beat pens of stores also sold at good prices. The Pig
market was glutted, and smaller kind, much lower. Strong
stores sold at fair prices.

WAKEFIELD, Sept. B.—We have had &large supply of both
Beasu and Sheep at market this morning, with a good at-
tendance of buyers; prices much the lame as last fortnight.
Beef, 6s. 6d. to 7s. per stone. Mutton, 60. to 7d. per lb.

EDINIIVROff, Sept. B.—The number of fat Cattle in
market
to-day was greater than last week. Superior
animals were in good demand, and fetched last week's
prioes. The quotations were, per Dutch stone, 9s. down to
Si. 6d., according to the quality. Only a few Mach Cows
were in the market to day, but there was little demand.
Two of them were sold at 141. ; a few at from 121. to 91. ;
inferior, down to 71. There was a very short supply of
grazing stock, which, we learn, was owing to the
scarcity of pasture, and Falkirk tryst being held
next week. Irish year-olds past were offered at
31. 10s. per had (in inferior condition), but met with
no sales. Two-year-olds similar. One lot of three-year-olds
sold at 91. The number of Sheep and Lambs were 1,279
fewer than last week. Superior aged Sheep were in rather
good demand MUM week's rates. The quotations were 7d.
to 4d. per lb. according to quality. A considerable number
of the inferior sorts obtained no purchasers. Lambe, not
so plentiful aa last week, sustained no alteration in value.
Their prices ranged from 20s. to Bs. 6d., and for black-faced,
141. to 4s. according to their quality. A great number were
returned unsold.

For Yesterday's Market, He lase pap,

SHIPPING.

MAILS Alt - Dt 3; Waterford, 2; Dona-
ghadee,l ; Guernaey and Jersey, 1; French,l; Flanders, 1.
LONDON, Sept. 10.—Wind this day at noon, light breeze
and cloudy.
DEAL, Sept. 9.—W. to N.W.; p.m., W.SW. to W.N.W.
—Arrived Reliance, Bahia. Arrived from the river
Planet, Jamaica; Lusitano, Cape Verdi. Arrived from the
river and sailed: Wellington, New York. Sailed: Sym-
metry, New York.
PORTSMOUTH, Sept. : Tweed,
Wiabech, for St. John's, N 8., with damage, having been in
contact off the Wight; Bittern, St. Helena; James, Prince
Edward's Island.

- -
TEIONMOUTIL Sept. 9.-B.W. to N.N.W.—Sailed: Ha-
berdine, Indian Island.
DUBLIN, Sept. B.—N.W.—Arrived Castries, St. Lucia.
Kutotrowtr, Sept. B.—NtN.W.—Arrived: Nelson Vil-
lage, Quebec.
Coax, Sept. 7.—W.—Arrived Eliza, St. John's, N.B.
Sailed : L. O'Connor Roes, St. John's, N.B.
Lntivicx, Sept. 8.-14.—Sailed : Jamey, Quebec.
MILFORD Sept. B.—N.N.W.—Arrived: Agnes, Quebec
for Aberyatwith.
MARTMORT, Sept. 9.— SW., fresb.—Arrived: 13021, St.
John's, N.B.
MILFORD, Sept. B.—The Sarah, of Dublin, has pat back,
with bows stove in and lose of bowsprit.
STROMNRBB, Sept. 4.—The Augusta from Archangel to
Belfast, put in here last night leaky, tic., rudder damaged,
and cargo heated, having been on shore in the White See.
The weather has been very stormy for the last tin days.
Part of a wreck, with the word " Edward," painted
in white letters, on it, came ashore here two slays ago.
Haarteroot, Sept. B.—The Integrity, from Archangel
to London, arrived here on the 6th Mat, leaky, and cargo
much damaged. She will discharge.
YARMOUTH, Sept. B.—The Joseph and MAIT Ann, from
London to Leeds, which went on shore near Hopisburg on
the 4th tom, a derelict, has been got off, and brought in here,

-'

of the new ministers to the Queen, which will be
found in our Madrid correspondent's letter, are, in
our opinion, in the main sound ; but, alive as we are
to their importance, we would gladly consent
to their being for a time kept in abeyance,
provided by such a concession a number of intelligent,
energetic, and patriotic Spaniards, personally influ-
ential in the different provinces, could be enabled to
contract the habit of acting in concert, under the in-
spiration of the sense of a common nationality and
pride in the upholding of a national throne.
The design, as we have said, is good. But to its
accomplishment there goes more than the clear-
sightedness of the politician and the enthusiasm of the
honest politician. A daring and commanding char-
acter is indispensable in the man who, in the present
circumstances of Spain, is to carry oat such a policy
to a successful termination. We ask for no faultless
monster ; we are prepared to tolerate many glaring
vices, provided they be net of the sneaking and petti-
fogging kind incompatible with the temperament re-
quired for the task.
We must, however, confess that looking round the
whole array of Spanish statesmen likely to ally them-
selves with the new ministry we nowhere see any
possessing the desired requisites. It is provoking
that is Spain and Portugal, at so momentous
a crisis, almost the only indications of the requi-
site robustness of character for grappling with
the task of creating a nation are seen glim-
mering through the vices of men like NARVAEZ
and CABRAL. This is no uncommon case. Timidity,
infirmity of purpose, is too often combined with
good intentions and intelligent views. The fumes of
die passion which animates men capable of grappling
with great emergencies too often pervert their r
opinion and darken their character. We are the reverse -
of sanguine in our expectations that the Spanish
ministers who have had the good sense to see the
necessity of an amnesty will be found to possess
force of character to act up to their judgment. But
the mere avowal of the sound principles—that public,
not personal, considerations ought to guide the royal
councils of Spain, and that a way ought to be ope
*r every high-winded Spaniard, to approach
national throne and in singleness of purpose devote
his services to it and the people, is a great point
gained in that country. The true political faith has
been proclaimed ; it will not for ever lie dormant in
the minds and hearts of Spaniards.

FROM oar past examination of the reckoning al-
leged to be open between the railways and the state,
regarded as distinct individuals, it results, we think,
that, if there be on either side a debt outstanding, it
is not the former that owe it. They are not, how-
ever, on this account by any means free from daily
obligations—if not to the nation as a legislative or
social whole, yet certainly to those several members
and constituents of the body corporate with which the
business undertaken brings them into contact. We
have promised to say something of these duties, and
now proceed to redeem our promise.
It is no more a duty of railway companies to carry
the passengers for some merely nominal charge,
than it is for the baker to sell his bread, or the butcher
his beef, below what he can afford, leaving himself a
just profit on the transaction. But it is their duty to
take care that, for a reasonable charge, the service
shall be well and truly done. The regulations to
this end should be such as best suit the convenience
of the greatest number of those who are to be served :
it being wholly impossible to make any that will
absolutely satisfy every wish of all. The information
respecting them should be clear, accurate, and accessi-
ble. Orders once deliberately settled for the general ad-
vantage should be punctually and equally carried out—
without respectto favoured individuals or classes, with-
out fluctuations from managerial caprices. The accom-
modation offered should be sufficient, although it is not
required to be luxurious. The locomotive service,
above all things, should be made es free from danger
to all concerned as human forethought and vigi-
lance can procure it to be. Whatever experience
has discovered, and ingenuity, can invent, it is
incumbent on the directors to learn, and apply to
this main object It will not suffice that they
should adopt such new securities or improve-
ments on those already in use as may fall in
their way—they are bound to see that nothing is
omitted which can be secured by diligent inquiry in
all quarters where anything useful can be discovered.
To direct suitable measures for achieving this ob-
ject will not at all fulfil what is due on this chapter—
continual superintendence, daily care, and strict dis-
cipline must be applied to the enforcement of such
orders, which they ought not only to issue but strenu-
ously carry into effect.
It is alas a duty to insist upon propriety of de-
meanour, and civil, temperate conduct, na those who
are employed in the service, and to secure as far as
may be a settled practice of the various improvements
which have, amongst others, been effected by the
railway system upon the old travelling customs, by
abolishing fees and bribes for illicit proceedings, and
substituting regular charges for what used to be some-
thing between beggary and extortion.
In addition to these what we deem positive duties,
incumbent on all who make a gam by trading
in public conveyance, towards their customers,
there might be mentioned various minor conveniences,
easements, and attentions, which they may not be
absolutely bound to afford,but which it will be highly
for their interest to provide. We cannot fairly class
them, however, amongst obligations, which are exclu-
sively the subject of these remarks.
With regard to those whom the system may
employ : the duties which alone it can be a
public concern to notice are :—to watch over
the bodily security of those who are exposed
to special hazards, and to attend to the moral
haprorement of all. Of these, a certain elan,
particularly the guards, engine and firemen, have to
fall duties of considerable risk and severe exposure.
These every possible care should be taken to render as
ate and as tolerable as may be. On the head of con-
duct, the necessities of the service alone may be
trusted to compel a certain degree of attention.
Railways cannot be worked by careless or dissolute
111011 ; the machine requires hands that may be trusted,
and the demand for good conduct which its wants
thus create, is producing rapidly, if insensibly, an im-
proving effect on the working class far mere consider-
able than any one has yet noticed, and highly deserv-
ing the regard of all who take an interest in the wel-
fare of this important social element. Where the
works of a company have collected a population of
labourers at a given point, it is a duty to afford them
and their children comfortable residences, and means
of instruction, spiritual and secular : to foster by every
c
means the bodily health and moral growth
colonies which the new system has called into
sadden being.
Having summed up these principal duties, it is na-
tural to ask how tar they are generally fulfilled by
the several ruling members of the railway body—
in which of them is there any considerable default—
where amendment is chiefly wanted—in order to reach
the standard we have set up? In reply to this, we
only say, in perfect sincerity, that, had we been called
upon to give tot 'Manger in England an outline of
the chief features of the actual management of this
body as it sow exists, we could hardly have described
them in other terms than we have used above. The
points enumerated as principal duties, will be found
by any practical observer to be in fact, those which
generally characterise the regulations, usages, and
tendencies of railway management, and distinguish
it from that which it has superseded in conducting the
business of travelling. There is no essential item in
which any material difference will be found between
what it has been declared they ought to do and what
they have actually studied to effect, have in a great mea-
sure accomplished, and are daily bringing to further
perfection. That the system is still far from being
perfect, we know : as also that no system which must
be carried out by a variety of human hands, can ever
be perfectly managed. Even the - —"sent of the
Poet-office and of the

ings here sad there--the
Ordnance are not yet
they do or leave 1
have the inestimable

hands of government
measure of efficiency,
managers will not be
to say the truth, have 1.,„
to imitate the practices
menta—practices of whir
thought becoming, and
tolerated in private
ways. But with all
there appears in than •
cerity of which the pin
be admitted to be some
fiiiithaairtuelylreslganianambactithelle tonifef

ed. Even the 'management of the
e Custom-house has its short-com-
-the Woods and Forests and
yet quite faultless in that
e undone, although saii • •
able benefit of being. ~'"Y .#.40•0
officers. With the asa-
y, activity, and progremeL
e found in exact agreenup s:'•' --
re they ever shown m •
ictioes of theme public
' which many would tet,", •
sat some would not at
f
•
inimaisones,retthairs
41481106 H meta the directors
MI themselves so 4 ,
the public this
one :and this
. •
3f%raA
,A;

much good may yet be expected. In the meanwhile
we advise some candid reader to try if he can forget
for a moment the noise of daily contentions, and the
bristle of the stones, and, having calmly remembered
what travelling was twenty years ago, think what
it now is, in cheapness, comfort, speed, punc-
tuality, civility of attendance, freedom from
valgar extortions, under the name of gratuities, &c.
&o. ; and, lastly, who are those that have made it so.
Any one who will allow himself time for this retro-
spect, and the comparison that must follow it, will
probably be disposed to admit that railway people
have already done the state some service, and are,
thereupon, entitled to some better treatment than con-
fiscation and abuse for what they have done.

WE concluded our remarks in yesterday's paper
on juvenile crime, and the necessity of trying to dry,
up as well as dam up the torrent of crime, with these
words : " After mature reflection, we can really see
no remedy but in the institution of asylums to pro-
vide homes, education, isolation from depraved asso-
ciates for these young waifs and strays of our over-
crowded and defectively-organised society." There is
little to be gained in the way of social improvements
so long as discussions on such topics are confined to
abstract principles. Sound and comprehensive views
are indispensable as the groundwork of all reform,
but it is only when definite plans for its accom-
plishment are submitted and discussed that there
is any immediate prospect of its being realised
It is, therefore, with sincere pleasure that we
learn the subject of juvenile asylums is at
p *sent actually under the consideration of the
sliddlesex justices, and that two of their number have
submitted to a committee distinct proposals for esta-
blishing them.
The views of Mr. WALTER BUCHANAN and Mr.
BENJAMIN ROTCH—the justices to whom we have
alluded—are in accordance on some most essential
points. Both of these gentlemen are at one on the
inefficiency of punishment alone to repress crime; and
on the inefficacy of Refuges and Magdalene, and
Schools of Industry, and Phil;inthropic Societies, and
provisions for poor criminals on their release from
prison, to diminish materially the numbers of
what may be called the professional crime
clam. Both of them urge the experiment of
a state provision for innocent, but destitute and
unprotected, children. The points on which they '
differ—and they are most essential—are thusrecapitu-
Wed by Mr. ROTCH :—" Mr. BUCHANAN does not
contemplate any legislative interference ; I contend
that nothing effectual can be done without it. Mr.
BUCHANAN looks to the county. rate for the means
(which, however, unfortunately, is not available for
the purpose); I look to the Treasury. Mr. BUCHANAN
proposes a withdrawal from contaminating associa-
tion only during. the day ; I propose an entire separa-
tion, day and night, from all bad companions. And
lastly, Mr. BUCHANAN'S is a voluntary system, mine
a compulsory one."
_ .

It Would lead us into too wide a field of inquiry to
decide at present upon all these points of difference.
We have however no hesitation in expressing our
acquiescence in the opinions propounded by Mr.
BOTCH, that it is necessary to invoke legislative inter-
ference if the experiment is to be tried in a manner
that can lead to a satisfactory, judgment of the
scheme; that the isolation must be entire, and that
the system must be compulsory. Mr. BOTCH'S
plan has the further advantage of being embodied in
the form of an outline of a draft act of parliament,
which gives precision and perfect distinctness to the
enunciation of his views.

EVERT day tarnishes its argument in favour of
remodelling our system of local government, in the
shape of a fatal accident or a disgasting nuisance, an
avowal of helplessness, or an exhibition of official
over-meddling. One day it is the rebuilding of a
block of haws, which had fallen down apparently
from a coovietion that they were in the way;
another, a death from the nuisance of an open sewer ;
another, some rotten stack of hovels has fallen and
crushed its inmates ; another, and the sanctity of the
grave is violated and the remains of the dead carted
through the streets to some suburban dust-heap.
Such voices as are lifted up in protest against the
present state of things will be listened to. There is
no virtue in the crown and sceptre of Bumbledora to
silence them. Let the parish, or the board of alder-
men, meet and bluster, and resolve as they may, the
public will sooner or later insist on being protected
against sufferings which have only been submitted to
so long because it was not known how completely they
were within the reach of remedy.
Our paper of yesterday supplied its daily contin-
gent of illustrations hew London governs itself in
this nineteenth century.
Two houses fell in Dudley-court, Crown•street,
Soho, luckily without lore of life, though a little girl
was buried in the ruins. The whole north side of the
court had been condemned,, but the inhabitants of
three houses only could be prevailed upon to leave.
The demolition of their houses had commenced when
the houses in question fell.
That their inmates were not all crashed within
them is due to the providential chance that made
them absent at the time. Bat why were they there
at all after the condemnation of their dwellings?
We may be told they had a right to remain and be
crushed, in virtue of their inalienable privilege of
self-government. With more than rat-like tenacity
they dung to their falling houses. Had there been
the proper authority at work in each a case, these
people would not have had the option of staying to
be smothered. The same sentence that condemned
the court would have pronounced the evacuation,
or expulsion, of its inhabitants. The notice
to quit would have been followed up by the
pzooess of eviction. The official who served the one
would have power to carry out the other, if the order
of the authorities were not at once complied with.
This is an example of that want of power in the
local executive which meets us in most accidents of
the kind.

Our second example illustrates the long and tor-
tuous road which authority must travel to get at the
offender in that head-quarter of Bumbledom, the
Mansion-house of the City of London. The LORD
MAYOR, from his seat in the tribunal of the civic
palace, read a letter describing how the grave.
diggers of St. Ethelburga, Bishopegate-street Within,
knocked "o' the mazzard" the unhappy inmates of
that troubled resting-place. The skulls were smashed
to pieces as they turned up,while the idle boys around
occupied themselves in detaching, the nails from the
fragments of coffin wood scattered about in the pro-
cess. Perhaps we wrong these youths in calling
them " idle." This may be a regular branch of in-
dustry about St. Ethelburga.
The LORD MAYOR " took the opportunity" of men-
tioning a complaint that had been made of the state of
the burying-ground attached to a chapel in Fetter-lane.
A carpenter, who had buried two of his children in
the place, called on Dr. FARQUHAR, his Lordship's
informant, to express his apprehension, from what he
had seen, that their remains might be cut in pieces
and mixed with unfamiliar bones. Dr. FAItQUHAR
visited the burial ground and found on the spot two
or three cart-loads of human remains packed up for
removal. _ _ _

Dr. FARQUHAR on complaining of the danger in a
close neighbourhood of the effluvium caused by these
hideous and ghoul-like disturbings of the dead
was referred to the ward authorities. Probably
he knew what ward authorities were, and preferred
leaving the case to the LORD MAYOR. His lordship
accordingly declared " that he took this mode of letting
those who had the power of dealing with the question
know what was going on in the churchyards of the
metropolis." And this is all the chief magistrate of
London can do ! He can wait for the accident of an
amateur complainant appearing before him, and then
tell the world at large, by the help of the reporter,
what has occurred, in the dim hope that somebody who
has something to do with some local board may come
across the paper that contains the case, and take some
steps to force somebody else, who has some official
concern with the particular matter, to do something
to stop the disgusting practice.
This is an illustration of the sort of plight in which
self-government occasionally leaves its nominal head.
Whet is the chief magistrate of a great city intended
for if not for setting the executive in motion
for the abatement of nuisances like this ? Yet,
as it is, who knows how many boards are to
be put in motion, how many officials must be run the
gauntlet of, before the public-spirited prosecutor can
bring the terrors of parochial authority to bear on
the offender ? Unless, indeed, some can be found
patriotic enough and with leisure enough to under-
take such a crusade, there is no remedy for the suf-
ferers. No public board for the suppression of
nuisances, with not a permissive but a compulsory
action, exists in any metropolitan parish. We leave
these things to unpaid wardanen, and vestrymen, from
whom we cannot insist on the fulfilment of their
duties, as they are undertaken for nothing. We have
in our metropolitan administration an admirable illus-
tration of the two old proverbs, " too many cooks
spoil the broth," and " what is everybody's business
is nobody's business."
We insist on these cases as strongly bearing us oat
in a proposal made in a former article for remodelling
the local government of this great city. It should be
remembered what those are legislating for who legis-
late for London. They have the population, with
more than the commerce, of Denmark—the numbers,
with far more than the activity, of Sardinia—the life
of Tuscany, with more complicated interests, and a
=disinclination to obedience. Yet what would
states be, or their equals in importance, Han-
over, Wurtemburg, and Saxony, with such a system
of government in local matters as prevails in London ?
It was, perhaps, well that the metropolis was ex-
cluded from the Health of Towns Bill, that the
exemption might awaken curiosity and lead people
to notice how the great Babylon wanted a sanitary
organisation, a police of health and comfort, with
powers more imperative, an executive more compact,
end a centralization more thorough, than any of the
towns or cities of England.
That this boon will be conferred on London we live
not only in hope but in the assurance. of. The great I
obstacle to it is in the self-importance with which a
vicious system has inspired a set of busy bodies, whose
qualifications are in the inverse ratio with the ira-
portaace of the functions they fail to fill, and the
scope of that authority they have not the capacity to
exercise, but which none else can exercise while they
nominally wield it.

Mr. Rama proposes that an act of parliament be
passed, declaring in the preamble that "the great
causes of juvenile depravity and crime appear to be
the absence of proper parental or friendly care, and
the absence of a comfortable home ;" and that " all
children above the age of 7 and under 15, suffering
from either of these causes, require protection to pre-
vent their getting into bad company, learning idle
and dissolute habits, growing up in ignorance, and
becoming an expense and burden on the country as
criminals, and that each protection be afforded
by the state." The clauses in the projected
act are ten in number. By the first three it iscam
posed merely to enact that the asylum be
the Child's Home ; that commissioners be appointed
to manage it; and that provision be made in it for
instructing the children in all useful arts, trades, and
occupations suitable to the working classes. The
fourth clause enumerates the claws of children in-
cluded under the term " unprotected and destitute."
They are : " Children driven from their homes by the
bad conduct of parents; children neglected by their
parents; children who are orphans, and neglected by
their Mends; children who are bastards, and chil-
dren who are orphans and have no one to protect
them or provide for them, or for whom no one does
provide; children who, from their own miscon-
duct, have no protection or provision found them;
children who are idle and dissolute, and whose
parents or friends cannot control their bad
conduct ; children who are destitute of proper
food, clothing, or education, owing to the
poverty of their parents or Mends, but whose pa-
rents or Mends do not apply for or receive parish
relief ; children who are destitute for want of em-
ployment, and children of the class who become juve-
nile offenders generally." The fifth clause prescribes
the manner in which peace officers or overseers of the
poor are to obtain the warrant of the justices for intro-
ducing a child into the asylum. The sixth declares
that children in the asylum may be employed as
sailors, soldiers, workmen in public works, B:c., as the
state thinks proper. The seventh directs that, on the
admission of a child into thessylum, inquiry shall be
made by the commissioners into the circumstances of
the parents or other persons bound by law to support
it, and the justices to make orders on such persons,
from time to time, for contributions towards its
maintenanoe there. The eighth enacts that these
contributions shall be collected by the overseers or
rate collectors of the parieh, and power is given to
these parties to attach property or wages in the hands
of masters for this purpose. Clause nine directs that
the children sent to the asylum be taught useful
trades or occupations in addition to reading, writing,
and arithmetic. The last clause prescribes the condi-
tions under which the parent or friend of any child
may obtain the authority of the justices to withdraw
it from the asylum.
Now, without maintaining that this plan, or the
machinery proposed for its execution, is complete and
above criticism in all its details, the merit may safely
be claimed for it of placing a practicable scheme for
accomplishing an important and desirable end fairly
before the, public. As such we now present it to our
readers. The important characteristic distinction be-
tween the projected asylums, and places like Park-
hurst, is, that the former propose to deal with children
before they have taken their degrees in crime in the
courts of law.
Parkhurst, (says Mr. Botch), is no example he se.
There all the children hare been criminate— haws bees
allowed to drink deeply of the cup of sloe I Moil If
not after *kg, have at any rats lisisre trial, bassi
apest to
the, I way almost wry eleetrkel, watezoieellew et Imo-
dodos, se 3w dees Stake eel& That the Wino
el Sehry er aYiennasr le stemped epee *tea ell beim
they ire sewed to the edits es useful umlaut; et twisty.
The alien stile esylwa nil be of a tee heat deal.
will be him begin the 'steal otwadielea ashes
bTheyow bees Weep* tine to them ; whea eueeeweisi by
weak oldena ,boobs essay. ow Ans,
lasaws, er who should be, het ere mot,
ask asmwal thug weal inevitably bare Ma
a prey to these whit se ewe ea the leek out for just seek
estreeiag wwwetee, le web, Om, though only yet belt
willing, the tells el preelhed Mew, to become, when
farther 'drowsed is ie. heeksei Ind emboldened in in-
iquity, and thus Teepee eentlieew Ile Nahum.
Mr. Rona ought to &Osage, and we believe
does &elan% arutimy and criticism of the most un-
sparing ldid he his plan. If it is or can be made
workable, the advantages of adopting it will be
incalculable the exports of maintaining these
innocent would be tor less thin that of sup-
porting them asiblema The everberdeeted rate-payers
would so Itog be easpeiled to ass a drunken fah/a
apeedimli ia hoes ahq gad drink is the gin pelmet,
bete‘ship, hie wieldy yoga of 305. or 505., sad Is..
at the two des from their premises the petty sat-
else IN* Or glorying children of the sot are
=ety let looms is steal to appease the
opt tuna hunger. Property would at
MO is aimilimpi sore secure, and the enormous cost
et mgaimil sipieseices of these wretched children
by Ihe I et their examinations, remands, re-
sod sesmittals, by magistrate! and
Wiittai. jindeas flair trials and convictions by juries,
and maintenance in gaols, be
Above all, the systematic
imer vigorously carried on in every
aelghbourhood, would be pat a
11. .
4:„..,.,, .

Accounts from Lisbon to the 3rd instant, state that
the royal decree recalling Espartero, naming him
a senator, and restoring his rank and honours, and
another forbidding the journals from discussing the
palace question, were expected to appear in the
Gazette on the 4th. It was said that General Serrano
would be named captain of the halberdiers.
The moderado organ, the Heraldo, is furious, of
course, at the turn things have so unexpectedly taken,
and devotes several columns to the expression of its
vexation. The cup has been dashed from the lip.

On more than one occasion lately we have noticed
the part taken. by. the Journal des Debate (the only
remaining Paris journal which does not oppose the
Ouizot cabinet) on the Italian question. The a
sion of Austria was first flatly denied, next doubted,ir
then tacitly assumed and extenuated, if not justified,
and at last, under the hard pressure of public opinion,
declared to be brusque and inopportune. The most
trifling incidents were snatched at to cost discredit on
the movement of the Italian people ; the rulers of the
Italian states were warned against the horrors of
anarchy ; the infant press, not yet walking alone, and
confined by the leamg-strings of a censorship, was
quslified as the " radical journals of central
Italy r and, finally, the most enlightened of the
Italian princes, whose conduct has commanded
the admiration and respect of the world, was
denounced as an incendiary who would set Italy
in a flame. We revert to these circumstances, be-
cause they give especial force to admissions now made
by the same journal favourable to the liberal party in
Italy, and inspire salutary reserve in the reception of
such sinister statements as still issue from the same
quarter. The Journal des Dilate on Monday gives
a sensible letter from one of its correspondents, who
dates from Bologna on the 30th ult. This letter

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, 1847.

(which, for the reasons just given, may be taken as
good authority on the liberal side) reproduces in sub-
stance the accounts which we have given of the ad-
mirable oonduct of the population of the Roman
states, and especially of those more immediately
goaded to acts of violence by the presence and inter-
ference of the Austrian soldiery on their soil and
in their city. The writer says that although,
since the 13th of August, these troops have
not attempted any further encroachment, their
attitude was still menacing and provoking. The
commanders of the pontifical troops have received
orders to make the moat firm resistance against them
if they attempt to advance beyond their present po-,
sition, in which event the regular troops are to be'
reinforced by the volunteers of the national guard.
The general opinion was, however, that no further
advance would be made, and that the real object of
Austria was to excite some popular outrage which
would call for intervention. In this singular and
delicate position the conduct of the population is ad-
mirable. An invincible determination is taken to
give no pretext for Austrian interference. The popu-
lar feeling finds vent in the organisation and arming
of the national guard, and in the enthusiastic ad-
'dresses of the municipal and other constituted bodies
to the Pope. Another letter of the same date,
from Florence, given by the -Mats, presents a
different view of the state of Tuscany, where
it is complained that the rame control is
not exercised over the popular movement Peti-
tions have been presented to the grand duke
signed by eight thousand persons, calling for
the organisation of the national guard. A large
meeting took place in Florence on the 23rd, when
several thousand persons went in organised procession,
four abreast, to the palace of the grand duke, where,
mingled with loyal acclamations, the formation of the
national guard was called for. Among the leadem of
this movement, according to the Debals, weni M.
Mordini, editor of the Alba, a son of M. Pensi, a
wealthy banker, and a Jewish banker, M. Crest! delle
Ripe, called the Ciceroacchio of Florence. Among
the lower classes an abortive attempt was made to get
up a reactionary demonstration, which was, of course,
ascribed to the agents of Austria. The government
exercises no interference with these popular
movements, either in directing or suppressing
them. The troops have received express orders
to avoid all collision with the people. These
facts are admitted by the informant of the
Debate, who, nevertheless, is opposed to the
liberal movement. He admits that the public tran-
quillity has not been disturbed, but says that the
government and the police are not to be thanked for
this, both of which he censures for supineness. He de-
nounces theattroupements as democratic manifestations,
but admits that the heads of the finance and wealth of
Florence are among their leader& He denounces
the journals for a licentiousness which would not be
tolerated either in Paris or London. but admits
that these journals are issued under the sanc-
tion of a ministerial censorship. The dis-
quietude of the respectable classes produced by the
events at Ferrara and the rumours of war and in-
vasion have bad naturally an unfavourable effect on
business. The savings bank has been drained in an
unusual manner. The grand duke desires reform,
but his ministers advocate conservatism. The course
to be taken by France is anxiously inquired after.
All this has excited the population to a high pitch,
and the immediate presence of the Austrian invaders
does not operate in Tuscany in producing a voluntary
suppression of all demonstrations, as it does in the
legations.

MADRID, SEPT. 3.
One of the two gaps in the ministry has been (as
I announced yesterday that it would be) filled up by
the acceptance of the portfolio of Grace and Justice
by Garcia Goyena. He has been sworn in, and his
appointment appears in the Gazette. The other
vacancy, the poet of President of the Council, is yet
unoccupied. Nor is it with any degree of certainty
yet known by whom it will be filled. The two
persons on whom the eyes of the remaining ministry
hive beea fixed are, beyond doubt, the Duke of
Fries and Senor Ayllon. At the same time I have
heard that Gen. Altus had refused this charge, which
in the first place had been offered to him. Ayllon is
reported to be tinged to a certain point with liberal
tendencies, to which it is to be hoped that his inter-
course with Sir George Seymour at Lisbon may have
added. The Duke of Fritts is a poet and an invalid,
neither of which specialities may be considered as
recommendations to figure at the head of a govern-
ment which stands so much in need of a pilot at once
strong and vigilant. Which of these two has priority
of choice is disputed. But the weight of authorities
&vows the scale of the poetical and bath-consulting
duke. Meantime a document of so much importance
has been put forward in the Gazette by the remaining
ministers that it deserves a full translation. They
have not waited, it seems, for their official president
to put forward their programme. Therefore their
virtual president may be considered as already in his
saddle. For the rest the ministerial prologue is in
sufficient harmon7 with the terms of their bargain
with the pragmatist& chiefs, which I sent you yes-
terday
Madam,—The responsible ministers of your Majesty,
whom you have honoured with your confidence, would be
wanting to their own consciences, if the first resolution
the council, which they respectfully submit to the
royal hation, were not an act worthy of the
heart of their Queen and mistress, and
a sewers at ones just, liberal, and reparatory. Your
calling around you those whose name. are
wee far from purposing to confide the govern-
the ammareity to a single party, was equally far
ham desiring to exiled* any other party from a share in the
public budeses. Prom the throne of S. Fernando, placed
by gftd iketnae in angle& exempt from maw passions and
civilities, the liege soul of your Majesty has seen with deep
grief that deplorable dissenit violent struggles, and am-
bitious and bitter rivalries tormente
your
an subjects, dividing
the nation into partass, these parties into factions, d sub-
dividine even them factions. The ministers see, madam,
like your Majesty, that to shut up the government of the
state within the narrow limits of a party or faction, is at
once to fecundate the lamentable seed of discord,
to stir the fire of animosities, to perpetuate hatreds,
and to deprive both the throne and country of loyal ser-
vants, who in their turn, and in consequence of the injustice
with which they are treated, are wont to convert themselves,
even against their will, into disturbers, or tools of intrigues
and disorders. Nor is this deplorable exclusion confined to
persons : the ideas, the theories of government, the advances
even of civilisation, have become party questions, each deny-
ing to his opposite the right of doing good, and one sae
blaming the efforts of another. Such a state of things, ma-
dam, cannot longer continue, without the throne of a hun-
dred kings, on which the nation loves and reverences
the worthy successor of Isabel ,the Catholic, laded
its lustre, without the= nation descending
into the list of 11111/ yeeple_ • sad the
actual ministers, who omassememmlesabsemseNithe
able and and weighty charge white the regal eon lemee has
=urn their inesidess, cannot and euot not to make
assompliess of the ruin et the throne, in whose
&hose dry watch, sad of the wiranky whisk it is their
mere* obliption to govern loyally. Th. ndadmom of your
ssejesty repose, therefore, to doyens thele sear% to incul-
cate deeply into all minds the principles of order, base, mid
ibundation of all government, and the the
public tranquillity, which depends on the of all
to the laws and authority, without either to
revolutionary subversions sr to • se eh.
, surd as impossible. eyes of your wiejesaq'rn-
' most will twat to the The past only to had theree go
wouve nds
in the body mil, which hays best mead by stns
=that Mr the 'mks of the many ought to be
Is ebileks. Wiesner beans, sptitude, deserts,
serrisek sad malty to the threes mml ensnitution, may be
feed, there will the sninhirry se serients for the .IMste
They desire men who are hosed, eagable, sad loyal. What
le post need not be recalled : it Weep to history and to bio-
tin aims. The reform of Asada imposts, the ear:ma-
mmon! of 'gasoline* sad indurtry, the removal of obsta-
. elm embodied's, end lashes in trade, punctuality in the
follilment of elweYeae, is the fundamental Use of
emir —or Iris to the liquidation of property
which is in _menopelised in the hands of govern-
ment. The and seganmation of the public fore',
ag the repro* eharged to administer the laws, and of the
drU adminkleation, are the objects to which the peers-
saint will dowels its first cares. Bat before all, Madam, the.
council of Mitddlim, which his ever heard from the ascol
lips of your Dl** words t Life sad reconcilisties, lost
not hadtate to delete se the ben, progiumme, and pattern
ef the system they pegs* info esmeek and cesiplete
etwessey et the ywitorblith, ylissietier Spaniards as au
=WiWage the ithethwetheither oat. as far as pee-
ves the =ma" 'fps* theemins. Your Matesty is
thesis et the I'd* and et all the Spaniards, and the
MOM el OD them ought to reach all, even so all ought
to le OWNS ID the inflexible rod of its justice.
lhepeemmmi esante spin all, it needs none; it ail-
thew he Mealy voice is des unhand sem et your Ma-
jeetessialjmie t awl if this vise Is Vilma * there will
des las Ewa the rules et di yethke • liberal mo-
it tablet, with whose
imam ketar uses teem to occupy in the
Easy= ha* the emisest rank to whisk it is destined by
its Wsdloyend eseensess. If year Majesty will roadeeeeia
as hue yaw loyal gtheresity we lark glwr your anionto tio doom which we Peanak the ileMby all await
the verdict of tie math Illy =deli by
thtne=, baize which they will Ives in
disk day to give as esesmet their :ittit The wise bre-
sigrht of your Majesty will determine, as always, in favour of
that which is jest and well aimed.—Madrid, Sept.