The Express.
London, England, 1849-12-28 00:00:00

lONIA IN THE ATMOSPHERE.

The existing in the tar or Manta proportiora
Me volstiLe algal' osmosis, first ellnOlif deli by the vele-
hewed ORTIMMII chemist LiebOg, has shift been manned by
men. eel, carefully repestad experiments. The Ilona• n
is one 01 eoluidirab:s tourist to the fariser, aims it effords
Mahn nom for the advents.* which he thrives from
esteda hsprond agricultural operations, which former
peseratiou of Wanton wither pm ad nor snider-
Med. Ike use of the bersokee, for instance, the ferti-
le, lowed to Ala by deep stirrings, and mere
efiediderehis paltesisatine, has bees long regarded as
eulaisable, easeept other ways, by the incensed
bals. et airte the roots et growl:kg Oasts, end to the
frslessesible nesistare of the atmsepitese, as well as
gams, thee reedered more mien by lb. loop.
It wee hardly nepeeted till the aangemeemeet of the greet
Herman chemist that then geese mid nevey to the soil
spy substane so voluble m samosas. As, Imo-
gene, then is little or so doubt of the sziateues of this sub.
to
Ince in the atmosphete, it will be perhaps instructive
May to' the yew tansen whoa we amber amongst our
seeders. it we briefly follow these novel dun/nes a little in
distal. We need hardly stop to remind them, ihat almost
eli reltiested mops 'stain a portion of the gas nitrogen ;
Mat mania is composed of nitrogen and hydrogen; that
phata have the power of deeomposing meanie ; and that
It is supposed by the chemist that this is Ms chief or only
MOM tram whom plants obtain their nitrogen. It was,
le bet, Atom by M. fietaibler (Jour. R. A. 8., vol. 3.
p. 1581. that ia 1011.000 parts by weight Mwheat
Paraereen-
Oared f— .
Nang** 238
le the saw proportion of wheat straw 3O
Barley 202
Barley straw
26
B
ens
Peas 4OB
Oats 212
36
Oat straw
Rye 229
Potatoes
Turnips (Irish)
Carrots
The proportion, too, of this constantly present UMW,
klieg ben heed, is comeiderably lefluesord by tho
puitioa of the mom with whiA the crop fertilieol.
" It will be seen' remarked Dr. Daubeny (Jour.
Roy. Ag. Boe., vol. p. 147), it that the pro-
portion of slum (which coatains 7.8 per cent. of ultra
gen) to starch, se well se the aggregate amount of the crop
hear, is suenseated by mauling the soil with these mate.
Mb whin ere /Meet ie 'smog's, such, for instance, as
laud, pine's' doer, he." (Ammonia is simposed of 26
juts nitrogen sod 74 parts per cont. of hydrogen.) He this
adds the result of various abslysations of wheat, grown es
the tame soil, drama with various fertilisers. In these, 100
parts of *heat, from soil manured as below,
luten contained of
G. Starch.
Human arise (dried) ..... 3.5•1
Bullocks' blood (dried) .... 34.2 ... 414
Night soil (dried)
Sheep's dung
Pigeon' dung 122 . 63 2
Cows' dung l2O .... 623
Voidable humus
Soil not maned
It is also worthy of remark, that those vegetable sub-
Mann in which gluten exists is the largest proportions, are
LE =ly those which are the meet nutritious to animals, and
nal substances nitrogen abounds. 'Du Davy fond
la 1,000 parts of Middlesex wheat 190 parts of gluten ; in the
now quantity of spring wheat 240 pate, but in blighted
wheat only 32 parts; ia mildewed wheat, however, 130
parts; in Polish wheat 200 parts ; in two varieties of
MAIM wheat 230 sad 239 parts; in barley 60 part.;
oats 87 ; rye 109 ; common bean 103 ; peas 36 ; potatoes
from 40 to 30; linseed cake 17 ; Swedish turnips 2, and
Mame turnips only 1 part. Proust found in the same
ioa of ninth wheat only 125 pans of glut's. Vogel
ClPs:te:d uthat of Bavaria 240 parts ; and Boussingsult
Mad In the wheat grows in the Jardin des Plants* 270
parts ; but in winter wheat only 33 puts. " iteek
great dalliances," adds Vera.." mutt b.. owing to ems i
mass, and this we And is the different methods of °shim. 1
toe. An imams of animal 133•1.11/11 gives Tile not cetly le
an increase is the number of weds, bat also to a meat
remarkable difference in the proportion of the gluten which
they contain. Animal mann acts only by the formatimil
of ammonia: 100 parts of wheat grown on a soil manure&
with co +dug (a manure containing the smallest quantity
of nitr•gen) afforded ally 11.95 parts of gluten, and 64 34
parts of starch; while the lase qua's sty grown ow a sell
emend with hems arise, yielded the maximum of gin m,
namely, 35.1 per sent. Pointed urine contains shrove le
the forms of enbessate, phosphate, and lactate of anomie ;
and in no other form boats that of ammoniacal
(Orgasm Chemistry, p. 81.) M. Freseniue, a elatinantal
chemist, has Lately Masted a series of experissiwis to
determine the anent of the minute proportion of aseensmia
oxiatino in the atmosphere. These are given in the Misr
burgh Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, 1849, p. 169,5 d
we quote them here the more readily, since the report of
them contains on or two facts, which we feel may be is-
strectiee to many of annoy' general readers. This chemist
constructed two sets of apparatus. By means of the first
he examined the air during the night, anti by the other that
of the day. The experiment we. continued daring 40 daye
of the months of August and September, 1841. Of this.
40 days, 17 were fine, 13 cloudy, and 10 rainy. The qua-
tity of oar which daily paned through the apparatus wag.
on the month of Austin, about 87.640 cubic inches ; in tjeto
tatatier, about 40.000 cubic inches. The air which
sassed
through the apparatus during the 40 nights wes
nearly W
SUN in amount. The following table contains the rushee
the triode of not only Funnies, but of two other chemists.
Is 100.000 parts:
Churl obtained of amine. 0383
Kemp do. do.
Frenzies during the day
during the night

" There is ens mash of these experiments," concludes the
welter we have been quoting, " which is deserving of some
notice.arly It applies tt at the air during the night contains
m double as much ammonia as it nose during the day."
Should future researches comoborate this result, we would
easehute, am as Tremolos has done, that the dew which
Ms at sunrise dissolves the emmosiamcnusuleted during the
previous day and night, bat that during the night vegeta-
tion, for want et the amisteacc of sunshine, it not able to
decompose the amnesia, end which consequently accumu-
lates. This view of the case is strengthened by a precisely
elmiler variation hariag been observed in the em
borne acid of the atmosphere. The importance of heti like
these an hardly be too highly valued. They tend to explain
to the farmer many a phenomenon, the origin of which he
is net always metals of. It is evidtt, fee instance, mwe
before remarked, that this minute presence of ammonia
in the Mr serves in ease degree to explain the advantage 1
of a deeper tillage of the soil, sad the good effects noted
to have arisen in these pieces where deep and
complete draiam have allowed a very free circulation of
air through the soil. It is evident, too, that these advan-
tages can never be produced on soils saturated wita water ;
untrained soils, therefore, can derive little or no advantage
from the preemies of ammonia in the air: the pores of the
soil are there pee-occupied, the ammonia would be dissolved
tad porkers curled away by the land water. The pre-
pond removal of the thickly growing hedge-row timber,
MUM rotor& is so many ciotriets the free circulation of
ok in the Gelds, is also supported by these chemical hives-
=sled above all, such very curler and sumzpootod
sone a still higher and atom valuable purpose;
air they suppeektho very lavalamble cesiehnies that dam
me most eseidoly many MAIM epeatisms goiag oa mesa
se in our fields end in the atmorphary of wilds we so yet
haextvaajessolomi the mem or Impresses. The ultimate
oldie homage mass of gloms somantiews el
alone kiosk aslinginlo the anmeaplosee, the minas of
amboodow, of detg mina* and hem other sauces,
has lose Um a "abject of inquiry. his men than probable
that these an made to reappear *pia in sow forms of useful-
ness; tai that although these new mothinatioas exist in the
air is emit mines pesportime as to have hitherto escaped
the modes Of the -shush', yet that still, by_the wile 1
of emotive wisdom, they ay kW duties 1
triXrrsoillyiset unsuspected) of she highest impereeme
growling groepasird to the cultivators of the ••11.—Deirs
Wald,

TIM DISPUTE, HZII3IIIP TO Tag Enna or
WOODOURNDIN.—This ease was before the first division of
the Court of lismion wrly the whale of last week, and
iiadgereat wee prano.aaed is it on Saturday. The question
Involved was one of disputed heinhip. The parties in the
action were a lin. Farrell and a Mrs. Willox, persons in
the very lowest ranks of ll'e, both of whom claimed to be
the nearest of kin Vs Ahmed's. Wood, who died in 1544,
leaving no issue to inherit the estate of Woodburnden in
Aberdeenshire. The ars has been three times tried,
end the last °cession the trial, which took place
before Lard Ivory and • speed jury is Aberdeeo, lasted
14 days and no fewer than 103 witaiSOM were eximained,
whose :Iridium when minted, occupies a large folio volume.
The Jumpy* this rdiet ea the trial in Aberdeen is favour
of Mn. Ferrell ;and it was now attempted as the part of
Mrs. Willa:, to pt a new Dial, on the plea that the verdict
wee contrary to the evidence. Their lordships, who deli.
vend their opinions at post length, were ananiniessly of
opinion that there were no pounds whatever br • sew
trial ; and that, looking at the whole tenor emil beering of
the docameatary and parole evidence it wasieekbay in
favour of /Ire. Farrell's ebbe to the estate. The Lord Pre-
sident, in :giving judgment, indicated in so umassoand
tams his &approbation of so much of the limo et the spurt
bon wasted by motions for new trials la sash Wes es this.
—Oksg aysre
BDUCATIONAL RIMUNERATION.—The other day
spawn la The Times an advertisement, addressed
then
"To &hid Assistsats," from the cathodal city of Peter.
beersolli. A Fong nun about e4hteen is wanted, " who
wren a pod hand, is well versed in aritlunelle, and has been
sesselsaid to tones. Salary 101. per annuls, with board
emi leigl.g he the Willy." Where is the advertiser's ea-
sins% or whet kind of @stews don be later of the
runessana maligns and dos to the patina sad
shill
assoisay we a Waiter t The yea* is szposloi, of =
to twiny agEmblabat es this abosahis
be plashed so do an A oshodanarr is an
mien gals wise as wash pay, with "sash redoes
melba halo oink" Tins asonacassats non to Lad
*keens Mena ths Visor of Wakadars soy Garen who
hal se Idas of baize eche at ra aseisay, by his Tars
lissisa serais. " Aye," nod Y," this is is-'
dad • very pretty sonar that has has chalked rat for you.
II boa boss as osier at a bearing @abed 1,7••#: sad 011
I die by sa sanlyno sodden but I had mar a aa sada
=la Nero* • • • No, dr, if yea ors he a
easy pretence, bind man trees years as as
appends. to tan a *thee who* bat avoid a school by
mises"