The Express.
London, England, 1848-02-28 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 28, 1848.

ELECTION COMMITTEES.—ESTURDAT.
LANCAVIEIt.—The petitioner's case closed to-day,
and WU summed up by Mr. Wordsworth, when the com-
mittee adjourned until Monday (this day). The sitting
member Is prepared with a cave of rebutting evidence.
LiMi 'Mts.—Giles Parches was examined, and
swore that Sir F. Kelly had personally pr
oemsosed him per-
mmest ware, " K
elly h play," if he him his vote.
This evidence was corroborated by his wife, who said that
Sir Fitzroy had pledged himself to her to give her husband
work and wages, and told her there were as " good fish in
the MS as ever were caught." Mary Stevens proved that
she had been solicited by Sir Fitzroy to use her influence
with her husband for his vote, the petitioner promising her
that he would ever be a friend to her. Witness produced
Sir F. Kelly's card, which she said the latter had given her
L "ex a Filled, evrgto hgialivr similar intentions.
envtiire ll*
adjourned to Monday (this day). ce.O.thnear
the
etnaienes vrteteree
Isol:ToN..—'lhe coo of the netitioner was opened
4TI ' •
by lifr. &t first an. .M. rangnarn ; it was one of bribery and
treating. he witness called was Jas. Green, ea years
old, who said he had been promised a sovereign, and a shil-
ling per week while he lived, it be voted for Mr. Boiling.
Witness oleo deposed to having lived at free quarters at the
sitting member's expense during the election.—J. Creektun
deposed to buying been made so drunk at Mr. Bolling's ex-
pellee, that he fell out of 'window and was nearly killed.
These were the only witnesses examined. . . .

KINSALE.—The seratin demanded by the peti-
tioner was proceeded with. even votes were impeached,
but could nut he invalidated ; the committee having decid.d
that the payment of local rates by third partite did not mai.
tate against the franchise.

it prove, could bite at. In no cies do we perceive the
possibility of quarrel or animosity.
The names of those at the head of the provisional
government are perhaps the only names, and the best
ones, which in each a state of things could be proposed.
Their present eminence is not the seeking of those
men. They have shown courage in accepting the
dangerous poste offered them. And instead of being
thwarted and calumniated in tleir droll; to preserve
peace and keep going the wheels of government,
'they ought to receive every encouragement. As a
de facto government, they have quite as much right,
if they last, to be recognised by as, as Louts
PRILIPPE in 1830, and it is to be hoped that our
diplomacy and Foreign-office will not prove squeamish.
M. LAMARTINE, said to be at the head of foreign
affairs, is an old diplomatist, who became ultra-liberal
merely because he prophetically foresaw the errors
I 77! tte ill!: i:ynasty. Ile is a humane,
enlightened, and experienced man. CARROT and
ARAGO are scholars and men of science ; LEDRU-
ROLLIN and Mame lawyers, who have won the con-
fidence of the extreme democratic party. All are men
of property and of good society, members of the legis-
lature, and skilled m public affairs. If the national
guard of the capital will rally to and support them,
and all citizens, however mortified, still come forward
to make the best of the present contingency, instead
of holding aloof, and either despairing or plotting,
the provisional government may bring France
through its present day of incertitude and peril.
Should that government fail, there is nothing left but
military despotism.
The disgust with which the claims of even the in-
nocent Count of PARIS were set aside by the Chamber
and the Hotel do Ville, gives lead hopes of the
Oittesse power than might at first have been enter-
tained. And we must say that Louts PIIILIPPE'd
past conduct has herein ruined his posterity. The
infamous mode in which ho first broke through, and
then denied, his promise at the Hotel do Ville in
August, 18:30, made it imperative with the revolu-
tionary leaders never again to trust him or his family.
And, indeed, the accepting tke Count of l'Ants would
have been to give back power to thatvery conservative
party in the Chamber which, during the last week,
so grossly and unconstitutionally abused it. We see,
therefore, in the present prospects and composition of
the provisional government of France some room for
I hope, and certainly none for blame.

WE cannot persuade ourselves that ministers will
be so blind to the signs of the times, or so reckless of
consequences, as to Maisel obstinately by their budget,
notwithstanding the universal disapprobation with
which it has been received. The public in general
are sceptical as to the necessity fur any increase of
taxation ; a general impre-sion prevails that re-
ductions may be advantageously effected in more
than one administrative &pan ment, quite sufficient
to make good the deficit. There is something ex-
tremely suspicious about the way is which various
pretexts have been assigned for the proposed augmen•
Mien of the annual expenditure, and in turn
deserted. John Bull suspects that some mysti-
fication is gang on, of which his pocket
is meant to be the victim. But if scepticism be the
proper term to designate the state of the public
mind with regard to the alleged necessity of an addi-
tian to taxation, it is altogether inapplicable to the
view taken of the particular tax which it is proposed
to increase. The country has spoken out most un-
equivocally on the proposal to raise the income-tax.
That it will not submit to.
There is nothing for it but to go over the national
accounts once more with a view to try in good faith
whether some means of economising cannot be dis-
covered, and if none presents itself, then, as a last re-
source,
to beat about for some leas oppressive im-
post than that which has elicited protests from the
Land's-end to John o'Groat's. And this is a tail in
which the country expects parliament to take an
active part, either assisting ministers if they under-
take the business,or doing it for them if they be found
recusant.
The watchwords of Lord GREY'S party in 1830
were, " lteforrc, retrenchment, and non-intervention."
How the first and last promises have been fullilled
may be inquired into hereafter; how far faith has
been kept with the public in the matter of retrench-
ment is the question of the moment.
The total receipt of revenue in 1823 was
58,498,4371.; the total expenditure, 3097,410/.
The total receipt of revenue in 1846 was 38,429,3331.;
the total expenditure, 33,583,023/. The total revenue
in the sixteenth year since the accession of a re-1
trenching government to office, is within a trifle of,
the total revenue at the time when the power of the
old boroughmongering government remained un-
shaken. The expenditure in the sixteenth year of '
the era of retrenchment is upwards of a million
greater than it was in the year alter CASTLEREAGH'S
death.

We are told in extenuation of this startling fact,
that the population and resour,s aof the country,
and with them the business of the government, have
largely increased during the interim—that with
every expansion of national powers and dimensions,
national expenses must proportionally increase. The
abstract proposition is plausible enough, but how
does it tally with facts ? There can be no doubt that
grants for educational purposes, improvements in pri•
son discipline, and other social and civil reforms,
are not to be had for nothing. But is it increased dis-
bursements for these and similar ends that make the
expenditure of 1816 a million in excess of that of
1N23, and occasion the upward tendency of the esti-
mates of 1848? Unluckily for our faith in such a
charitable interpretation, we find that while the total
expenditure for army, navy, and ordnance, was
11,591,561/. in 1823, it had increased to 16,864,6971.
in 1816. It is precisely in that class of extravagant
expenses which were regarded as the most unpardon-
able in old Tory governments, that faith has been
worst kept with the nation ou the score of retrench-
ment. _ .

An instructive passage in that chapter of the
history of reform bill administration which relates to
finance, is suggested by two returns issu. d from the
Treasury chambers on the 27th and 30th of March,
1817. The first presents in a tabular form
the totals of revenue and expenditure for each
year from 1822 to 1846 inclusive ; the second
the totals of expenditure under the heads army,
navy, and ordnance for each year during the
same period. In the first we trace a steady di-
minution of annual income (indicative of remitted
financial burdens), and a corresponding diminution of
annual expenditure from 1822 to 1830. Income and
expenditure continue at the lowest average from 1830
to 1837. A reversal of the former process then com-
mences, and from 1837 to 1846 a steady increase of
income and expenditure is in progress, which leaves
the annual burdens of the nation and the annual out-
lay of the government pretty much on the same scale
as they were at the beginning of the quarter of a
eentury we have been passing under review. The
progress of army expenditure is exactly parallel.
The interpretation of these fee's is obvious. The
progress of public enlightenment, and an awakened
sense of profligate expenditure, was brought to hear
upon government from 1822 to 1830. Under this
pressure, reduction after reduction was effected, till the
functionaries of the unreformed system felt that a
more economical government would not at all suit
their purposes, though it might suit the purposes of
the people. To concede more, would render govern-
ment appointments no longer worthy of their accept-
ance, and they refused to give way any further. The
people then said, if the old-fashioned government
will concede no more, we must try a new
one. A new one was accordingly formed,
which promised to continue the good work of
retrenchment, and for some six or seven years kept
its promise. Bat the old fiend of extravagant ex-
penditure, which, after being exorcised by the Re-
form Bill, had gone about seeking a habitation and
finding none, came back to its old 'ram about 1837,
and finding it swept and garnished, has again enter, d
into possession, and is woiking jollity on after a
fashion which, unless peremptorily checked, will
make our latter case, as in anotner recorded instance
of demoniac possession, worse than the former.
Warned by past experience, the country must in-
sist upon having the national accounts—every item of
income and expenditure—thoroughly overhauled.
We have seen the value of partial and na-
-1 systematic eonceasions to the urgency of the moment.
Particular taxes remitted may be re-imposed, or
others may b.: substituted in their place, after the
excitement has gone down. Establishments reduced
may be gradually expanded again till they attain even
inure than their original extent. In 1835, the ex-
, penditure for armr, navy, and ordnance, was
11,657,4171.; in 1836 it was 12,112,933/. ; in 1837 it
was 12,716,897 ; and in this insidious manner it hu

been amtergled up, till 16,970,1311. is asked in 1848,
and gral credit taken for not demanding more, and
broad hints given that this sum is quite inadequate.
A searching inquiry into the manner in which all
the money is spent; the processes by which it is
brought in ; the services received in return for the
,
various payments; and their necessity or utility; is in-
' dispensable. And the results of this scrutiny ought
to be embodied in an improved system of national
book-keeping, and an improved manner of laying
the annual accounts:before parliaments, such swill pre-
vent the clandestine increase of taxation and expen-
diture whisk has; been in progress for the last ten or
eleven years.
In the course of these remarks a number of sub-
jects have been indicated, each of ehich demands at
this moment minute and deliberate investigation.
Is any increase of taxation really required, or may
the exceed of expenditure over income be readjusted
by retrenchment alone ? On the assumption that some
additional revenue may be required for a year or two,
lie it not possible to levy it lees oppressively than in
the way :miniaters propose ; so to increase our
income for the mean-time that when the tem-
porary pressure abates, the permanent annual
taxation may be made to press less heavily
than it has hitherto done? With reference to the
former question, it deserves to be remarked, that the
manner in which the estimates are annually submitted
to parliament is eminently favourable to mystification.
The interest of the debt is said to require so much.
Then formal and detailed estimates are submitted of
the proposed expenditure for the army, the navy, and,
the ordnance. And then all the other expenses
of government are huddled together under
the head of miscellaneous estimates." Members of
parliament shrug their shoulders when the debt is
mentioned : they cannot help themselves. All the
vigour of retrenching patriots, and of great statesmen
anxious to enlighten the vulgar mind on the abstruse
doctrine that seeming extravagance is true economy,
is spent upon the one question of our armaments. All
the other and infinitely greater aims of government,
with the cost of realising them, aro slurred over as
" miscellaneous," and under that unassuming title
carried with little noise in odd quarters of hours not
otherwise occupied, long after midnight. Is this
system of hoodwinking parliament and the country as
to the total of national expenditure and the application
of specific sums of money, to be longer tolerated?
With reference to the second question it may be ob-
served, that our taxes are resolvable into three great
classes, collected by different agencies: the taxes
which are or may be considered as direct—income,
stamps, assessed, &c ; the indirect taxes on imported
goods—customs; the indirect taxes on home products
—excise. Is it possible to apportion the direct taxes
I more equally, and economise their collection ? Is it
possible to do the same with the customs? Is it pos-
sible to devise a tax on home products that may be
free from that vexatious control and surveillance
which is the worst evil of the excise system ? It is
upon these questions, and others of the same class,
that public attention and the public will ought at this
moment to be concentrated ; and to aid, as far as we
can, in keeping a ive this desirable temper, we pro-
pose, day after day, to address a condio ad populism
on one or other of them.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

PROCLAMATION
OF A

REPUBLIC.
BURNING OF THE INDIA MAIL.

We gave exebisieely on Saturday, in our First
Edition, a telegraphic announcement of the procla-
mation of a republic iu Paris, and the formation of a
regular ministry, provivionally nominated to perform
the functions of *he several departments. In
various impressions of our late editions of the Ecprese,
we gave full details, as they reached us by telegraph
and special express. The intelligence previously given
reached to Thursday night only. We now lay before
our readers news from Paris to Saturday afternoon.
As we have stated, the Chamber, in its sitting on
'Thursday (a full report of which appears in another
column), accepted the provisional government. The
following is the proclamation naming the provisional
government.

" TO TUE FRENCH PEOPLE,
A retrograde and oligarchic government has been
overturned by the heroism of the people of Paris.
This government has fled, leaving behind it traces
of blood, which will for ever forbid its return.
The blood of the people hes flowed, as in July
but, happily, it will not have been shed in vain. It
has secured a national and popular government in
accordance with the rights, the progrese, and the will
of this great and generous people.
A provisional government, chosen by the acclama-
tion and at the call of the people and some of the
deputies of the departments in the sitting of the 24th
of Feb., is for the moment invested with the care of
organising and securing the national victory. It is
composed of MM. Dupont (de l'Eure), Lamartine,
Cremieux, Arago (de l'lnstitut), Ledra-Rollin, and
Gamier Pages. The secretaries to this government
are MM. Armand Merritt, editor of the Natiwaal,
Louis Blanc, Ferdinand Flocon,editor of the Reforms,
and Aubert.
These citizens have not hesitated for an instant
to accept the patriotic mission which has been
imposed upon them by the urgency of the occasion.
When the capital of France is under fire the mis-
sion of the provisional government is that of public
safety. All France will understand this, and will
give the assistance of its patriotism. Under the po-
pular government now proclaimed by the provisional
government, every citizen is a magistrate.
Frenchmen, give to the world the example which
l'aris has given to France. Prepare yourselves, by
order and confidence in yourselves, fur those strong
institutions which you are about to be called upon to
give yourselves.
The provisional government desires a republic,
subject to the ratification of the French people, who
are to be immediately consulted.
Neither the people of Paris nor the provisional
government desire to substitute their opinion for the
opinions of the citizens at large, upon the definite
form of government which the national sovereignty
shall proclaim.
The unity of the nation, formed henceforth of all
classes of the people which compose it:
The governme,x of the natioa by itself :
Liberty, equality, and fraternity for its principles :
The national device and pass-word to be " The
17,-- • --

'emote:"
Such is the democratic government which France
owes to hers'lf, and which our efforts will assure to her.
Such are the first acts of the provisional government.
(Signed), Dupont (de l'Eure), Lamartine, Ledru-
Rollin, Bedean, Michel Goudechaux, Arago, Beth-
mont, Marie, Carnot, Cavaignac, Gamier-Pages.
The municipal guard is disbanded. The protection
of the city of Paris is confided to the national guard,
under the orders of M. Courtais."
The provisional government adjourned to the Hotel
de Ville on Thursday evening after the close of the
sitting in the Chambers. There a terrible scene
was exhibited 'the members of the provisional
government sat to decide upon the course to be
adopted in the actual situation of the capi-
tal. Individually the great majority of them
were opposed to the establishment of an unmiti-
gated democracy. The populace, however, filled the
hall, and completely overpowered them by demon-
stration of their inflexible purpose of seeing a republic
in its most democratic form resolved on. In vain it
was attempted to adjourn the question till minds
should become calm. Every proposition of like na-
ture was met by menacing shouts directed even against
the most popdar of the members of the government.
Duporlt (de l'Enre), who made many re ceropts to
defend the p.'opoaition of a republic in its less demo-
cratic shope, was compelled to silence by the most
deafening shouts of " Dupont A la feni:tre," and W:l4
so exhausted by fatigue rind excitement that lie twice
fainted. M. Marie met with no better success. The
anxieties he neerwent had such an effect on his
countenance, that on leaving the meeting his own
son could not recognise him. The ripullee willed
that a pure democratic republic should be formed,
and that every male above a certain age s'tonld be
eligible to the National Guard, and empowered to
carry arms. Every attempt to poi this, ia hoa,
ever mitigated a form, was the signal of renewed

shouts of "Dupont I la fenetre !" '•
fenetre." The popular will prevailed, and
were paned in accordance with it.
The following proclamations were t!! a printed
and placarded all over the town ._ney were
everywhere visible on Friday and Satto
It is hereby ordered by the prcv ,e 1 govern.
ment :M. Dopant de L'Eure is uam. -ovisionst
president of the council, without port, ••,o; NI. del
Lamartine, provisional minister of fort iii RUN;
M. Cremieux, provisional minister of jie• ice;
Ledru-Rollin, provisional minister of interior;
Michel Goudecheaux, provisional f finance;
M. Francois Arago, provisional ininiatta marine,
General Itedeau, provisional minister it ;
Carnot, provisional minister of public in,ir lion and
a worship; M. llethmont, provisional mink( r of com-
merce; M. Marie, provisional minister of public
works; General Cavaignac, governor of Al: iria.
The Municipal Guard is dissolved.
M. Gamier-Pees is named Mayor of l'aris, sod
to him are given as or joints, MM. Guinard ard
M. F; and is named eecretary-generot.
All the other mayors of Paris are provisionally
maintained. . _

The Prefecture of Police is under the d..peudenee of
the Mayor of Paris.
The maintenance of the safety Paris is
entrusted t, the patriotism of the nati, pard,
wider the command of Col. Courtais.
_ _

(Signed) Cremieux, Lamartine, Marie, Ciaruier-Psghe
Dupont de l'Eure, A's:to, made,.
of the provisional government."
In the name of France, the provisional g"veentuht
decides that the Chamber of Deputies is dis.olved,
The Chamber of Peers is forbidden to nu-, t.
A national assembly will be convoked sox es •
the provisional government shall have reg Aged the
necessary measures of order and police.
The following notice was also publish( -
" la the Name of the Sovereign People.
The pisovisional government has just been installed;
it is composed, by the will of the pe,,pe, of the
citizens Ar3go, Louis Blanc, Marie, Lamartine, Flacon,
Learn-Rollin, Recurt, Marmot, Aubert. To watch wee
the execution of the measures which will be. taken by
the government, the will of the people ha, s. o chosen
for delegates in the department of the ',dice the
citizens Caussidiitre and Sobrier. The ,anie sove-

reign will of the people has designated eie citizen
Et. Arago to the Direction-General of tee l'ost-eiffice.
As first execution of the orders giver: by the
provisional government, it is advisisl 'hat the
bakers, or furnishers of provisions of Pare. keep their
shops open to all those who may kave occae.. forthem.
It is expressly recommended to the people to quit
their arms, their positions or their levee. -eery atti-
tude. They have often been deceived be • -.aeon : it
is important that they should not give eeeertunities
to attacks as criminal as they are terrible'
In order to satisfy the general wish of te,• sovereign
people, the provisional government has eft id, with
the aid of the national guard, the liberatiee .1 all our
brothers who have been imprisoned T. political
grounds. But it has, at the same time, detained in
the prisons—also with the assistance of the most
honourable national guard—all those who %eve been
convicted of crimes and misdemeamee against
person and property.
The families of the citizens who have de .1 or have
been wounded in defending the rights of the sovereign
people, are invited to present, as soon as p'.ssible. to
the delegates of the department of police. tie names
of those who have fallen victims to their devotion to
the public cause, in order that their on e pressing
wants may be attended to.
Given at Paris, in the hotel of the Preh tare of the
Police, Feb. 24, leie.
(Signed), the Delegates of the Depertment of
Police, CAUSSIDIER and :-..BRIER.
The following important announceme:e hes been
put forth in the official paper, the Connie :
" Paris is revolutionised. The republics n regimeis
proclaimed. A provisional government has taken the
direction of the popular movement. New let Paris
watch over the maintenance of its conquest, with its
handred thousand muskets, its cannon, at.:! its barri-
cades. Let the departments be thought 0f.... Later
we will think of the foreigner. The departments all
follow the sublime movement of Paris. But there
are in the departments, at the head of divers office*,
men clever in deceit, who will feign to adopt the re-
publican regime, and yet nurse in their heeite culpable
sympathies ; yesterday courtiers of mieeqoly, they
would make themselves the courtiers of tee people.
New men are wanting for anew state of things.
The government will therefore send immesiuttelyisto
each department a conunissioner of the prorisiond
government to revolutionise the department, that is
to say to change men and systems, and bring into that
public contempt, in which they had lived, tee men of
corruption and abases; to re-establish every shere,
upon large foundations, the reign of justice, good
faith, and popular virtue."
We may, in passing, point attention to the sentence
we have marked in italics.
The following was also generally placarded through
Paris:—
"Wishes of the people.
Reforms for all!
A general amnesty, with the exception of the
ministers, who are to be put on their trial.
Right of meeting, consecrated by a m atifestation
to be made; immediate dissolution of the chamber;
and convocation of the assemblers printaires.
A city guard, under the orders of the municipality.
Abolition of the laws of September. Liberty of
speech, of the presto, of petition, of association, and
of election.
Electoral reform. Every national guard to be an
elector and capable of being elected. Parliamentary
reform. Salaries to deputies and public functionaries
in their proper functions.
Reform of the Chamber of Peers. No royal no-
minations or aristocratic inheritance. Administra-
tive reform. Guarantees for all fuecti mare s against
the abuse of favours and influences. Proeerty to be
respected, but the right to work guara'ntee'd. Work
to be assured to the people.
Union and fraternal associations between the chiefs
of manufactories and their workmen. Equality of
rights by education, to be given to all. Foundling
hospitals, asylums, rural and urban schools. No
more oppression or infant labour. Liberty of wor-
ship. Absolute liberty of conscience. Church inde-
pendent of state.
Protection for the feeble, children, and women.
Peace and holy alliance amongst nations. Abolition
of war, where the people only serve as food for can-
non. Independence for every nationality. France
to be guardian of the rights of all weak nations.
Order founded on liberty. Universal brceherhood.
(Signed) TUE EDITORS OF TILE Democratic Pacilue.
Ihere is one man who has already accepted and
proclaimed these principles in France. That man is
M. de Lima. tine.'
The ministers appointed by the provisional go-
vernineet have taken possession of their various official
residences.
A to rrible catastrophe took place at the " poste de
garde," opposite the Palais Royal, in the Rue St.
Honore. We stated on Friday tee fatal obstinacy
with which the unfortunate men occupying that
post visited every summons to surrender, and
leave it, even though their personal safety was
guaranteed to them. Ultimately after interchange of
fusillade and much loss of life, fire was applied to the
guard-house, which placed its occupants in the hor-
rible alternative of either being burned to death or
being shot on issuing from the door. Some chose the
latter fate, one fell under a shower of balls. The re-
mains of more than twenty persons were, we are
assured, taken out of the smouldering ruins of the
conflagration.
The hostility of the populace to the English was
manifested, by their destruction of the British arms
erected over the doors of the tradesmen of the British
embeasy. The shop of Roberts, the apoth.cery, in
the Rne de la l'aix, encountered the especial hos-
tility of the populace. The arms were not only torn
down, but the windows and everything in them en-
tirely destroyed.
Some threatening manifestations were made at the
gate of the British embassy in t'.e Rue Faubourg St.
Honore, over which the British arms are sculptured.
It does not appear, however, that any act of positive
out r. ge was committed.
'Lie uartative of all that has fallen within our
knowledge or observation would fill a volume. In
the 'Tuileries all objects of art were respected, as well
as the furniture and decorations of all the apiutcrents
appropriated to public purposes, the only exception to
this being the h armless indulgence of triumph ex-
hibited in eerie in ; off the throne and bearing it in
triumphul proce s-ion through the town. When the
populace entered, a few of their leaders announced to

them roles of conduct, which they willingly accepted.
Individuals were posted at the several doors to see
that no person departing should carry away any valua-
ble. This was scrupulously enforced, even as re-
spected the most trivial articles.
In the midst of the tumult the most respectable
pen.o- 1., ladies as well as gentlemen, mingled without
the slightest molestation with the populace. In one
instance it happened in the Rue de la Paix that a
gentleman was d by an intoxicated working
man, a blouse, whom the gentleman punished by
borne slight blows of his cane. The surrounding
populace, witnessing what happened, seized their
offending colleague, and inflicted en him a formidable
punishment, which would have been much more crious
but for the intervention of the person whom he had
insulted.
Numerous stories, utterly destitute of truth, are
circulatel by the party which espoused most warmly
the fal"en government. The following may aff.ird a
specimen of these exaggerations :
It is re ported that when the king's carriages were
burned, in front of the Palais Royal, the horses were
also burned.

The origin of this was probably the fact that the
famished p.op:e on the night of Thursday roasted
the flesh of the horses of the troops which had been
killed, and fed upill it. They might have broken
into any butcher's or baler's, and obtained other
food.
On Friday the debtors prison was thrown open,
and all the prisoners were rileased. On that day
the city emitinued tranquil; the national guard was
everywhere under arms; it had charge o. all the
public estab:.Mments of every description, including
the harra.iks in which the army was confined. The
provisional government were delivering ranges in great
numbers to the soldiers. Notices were posted through
the city, authorising bakers and other vendors
of provisions to deliver in their orders, signed
by the commanders of the national guard in
the several arrondissements. These orders to be
punctually raid by the treasury. The pro-
visions thus obtained were distributed among
the armed population who were aiding the national
guard iu the charge of the capital. The inhabitants
generally were visited in the evening and in the
morning by the leaders of the people, demanding
arms, for which a written acknowledgment was
given, and on each house where they had been
thus surrendered the words " Armes donnecs" were
chalked.

The banks were all closed, and it was not expected
they would be opened for the transaction of business
until next week. 'the agena de-change had also sus-
pended business.
A meeting was held on Friday t 3 decide when the
bourse would be re-opened. It would not probably be
before next week. .

The streets dining the day were crowded with pro-
menaders of both sexes, with all the appearance of a
festival.

The report of General Lataoriciere being wounded
is correct. The wound was, however, slight.
In the coarse of Friday M. Ledru-ltollin addressed
to the prefects of departments a circular, informing
them that a republican government hid been formed
and that the nation would be called upon to give it
its sanction, and requiring them immediately to in-
form him of the state of public opinion.
All the foreign letters that could not be previously
delivered in Paris, owing to the state of the capital,
were brought on the backs of men to the post-
office, and have been delivered.
A proclamation appeared stating that 24 battalions
of national guards would be immediately organised at
the expense of the republic.
Another proclamation called on all soldiers, who
had quitted their corps, to return immediately under
penalty of being considered deserters.
About twelve o'clock a large body of armed men
went to the HOtel of the Minister of the Interior and
exhibited an intention of entering the bureaux, but on
being addressed by M. Ledru-Itollzn, they went away.
The populace, who were without arms, having ex-
pressed their intention of going to Vincennes to pro-
cure them, the Minister of the Interior induced them
to desist, stating that it would be ruinous to the
kingdom, es the arms would be broken and injured.
He stated, moreover, that there was no fear that the
arsenal of Vincennes would be employed against the

people, _ -
On Saturday the fortress of Vincennes was surren-
dered to the people, and the governor declared for
the republic. All the military depots of artillery,
arms, and ammunition were surrendered to the
people. The detached forts round Paris were taken
possession of by the people.
The government declared their intention to annex
Belgium to France ! The Rhine is to be the frontier
of the kingdom!
The painting presses of the Moniteur wero de-
'groped.
All time bargains of the month are to be settled at
the medium price. The provisional government ad-
dressed n proclamation to the army, begging them
not to desert their banner, for France had need of all
her children. _ _ .

:News was hourly coming in from the provinces,
stating their adhesion to the republic.
Thetollowing shows the anxiety of the new govern-
ment to give itself no appearance of calm :
All that appertains to the direction of the fine arts
and museums, and was formerly under the control of
the civil list, will constitute a division of the ministry
of the intei ion The jury charged with the reception
of pictures at the annual exhibitions, will be named
by election. The artists will be convoked to this
effect by a decree. The exhibition of 1848 will be re-
opened on the 15th March.

Since the above was Wl:Lien, we have learnt that a
party of revolutionists seized the English mails, when
they had arrived near to Paris and having selected
that portiun of them designed for India, burnt them.
The destruction of railway works did not end at
Amiens. At Rouen, the bridge over the Seine has
been destroyed by fire. At Lille, an aqueduct and a
bridge were also burnt. It will be seen by a letter
which will be found in another column, that at
Dieppe there has Inca an embargo laid on all foreign

Three thousiand men of Rouen and Havre, bringir g
provisions and ammunitions, had arrived on Thursday
morning by the Rmen railway. They took part in
the proceedings of the day.

REPORTED ARRIVAL OF LOUIS
PHILIPPE IN BRUSSELS.

The following letter from our correspondent in
Brussels will give an idea of the excitement caused
by the reported arrival there of Louis Philippe and
the announcement of the proclamation of a republic
in Paris:

BRUSSELS, SATUILDAY,FER,

It would be almost impoasible to describe the ex-
citement produced in this capital by the intelligence
that the government of July was at an end, that
Louis Philippe had abdicated, and that a republic
had been pro.iaimed. This exei'ement was the
greater on account of Brussels having been—strange
to say—during 48 hours without news from Paris.
The offices of the leading journals (particularly of
the Emoncipateur) were crowded night and day.
Ambassadors, members of the legislature, judges,
bankers—nay, personages of the highest rank—were
continually re. ding messengers to procure same item
of intelligence. It is unnecessary to add that,
under these eircums:ancea, rumours of the meet
alarming kind were not only current but readily
belaced. Travellers arrived from time to time from
Valenciennes, but during two dayr only one direct
from Paria. This passenger brought a copy of La
Paris, giving some intelligence of the events
011 Wednesday night.
Last night a few journals were fortunate enough to
procure C01..it.9 of the Journal des DAals of Thursday
morning, onfurning iu a great measure the reports
of tLc Preset.. All day yesterday. a great crowd as-
sczabli.d near the two railway stations, and the post-
(Ace, in oilier to gala information respectina the
all-exciting topic of the day. At last, about 10 p.m.,
an tligure with one carriage arrived at the station Du
Midi. It was then announced that a republic bad
b..Ln proclaimed. This announcement was received
with loud cheers by a number of persons belonging•
to the working classes, who immediately proceeded
down Fearful streets crying " dive la Republique," and
singing the "Ifarseillaise. The lcromotive which
Lad arrived nas an extraordinary one, sad when
it was learnt that it preceded the regu:ur train
from Vahlu iennes, the excitement was re-
d-u b!ed. Crowds again assembled near the rail-
lt4Y stafion and the post officot It was only
it right that the train in seration ezrive&

The important intelligence which had already arrived I
was confirmed viva rove by the passengers from Va-
leheiennes, but no letters were conveyed by it. It is
positively asserted that delegates from the provisional
government have arrived in Brussels.
About 3 o'clock this morning, a gentleman
residing in the Montague de la Cour, entered the
Cafe del Univers, at which a number of the leading
democrats were assembled (and where they had been
openly discussing politics all night), and handed to
one of the company a copy of a journal in which
ample accounts of the events, or reported event., of
Paris were given, and in which it was esAerted in tke
most positive manner that Louis Philippe and his ex-
Queen had arrived at I.aeken. This report was sn
current all day that all the papers repeated it. There
is reason, however, to believe that the report is un-
founded. At all events, the fugitives are not in
Lacken.

The following paragraph appeared in the Brussels
Herald of this evening :
The a xcitement, tar from being on the decrease, is becom-
ing still more intense. Every one has his say on the impor-
tant events in Paris, and comments of the meet diversifiet
kind are freily indulged in. Lot night there was a quiet
meeting of many leading liberals, and questions relating to
me nimbles and republics, to the independence of B Igium,
or to its annexation to some other continental puwsr,
formed the topics of consideration. One of the chief speakers
was M. Bartails, a well-known liberal, or rather radical.
Ile expressed himself, however, in very mode-
rate terms, asserting that the independence and
neutrality of Belgium should be maintained at all risks,
and admitting that any attempt at a re...lution in
Belgium would be an unjustifiable one. Ile even al. dared
that the institutions of this country were it. advance of the
people. It was admitted on all hands, and the opinion to
that effect is general even amongst conservatives, that if the
late anti-reform ministry were still in power in this kin;-
dom, and particularly lithe prices of provi►ions were so high
aa they I itely were, it would be all but impossible to prevent
a popular outbreak. The riots which occurred some time
ago in Brussels and Ghent prove that there ars not a few
ill disposed permns in this country, although in general the
population is a peaceful one. It was stated on eoud autho-
rity that it has been in solved re put frontier f ,rtrasses (which
should have been dismantled) into thorough repair. A ca-
binet council was sitting during the entire night, and nearly
all the empinyi•s in the office of the Minister of War were
occupied till an early hour this morning. Some superior
officers have been sent to France to watch the
movements of the victorious insurgents. This day
the bills on London (three days afts r sight) were
from 25f 50c. to 241. ale., considerably below par. The
English hankers in this city (Reynolds and Co.) attribute
' this fulling off to the great run on the banks. A number
of military are stationed before the Bank of Belgium, in
order to facilitate tine entrance of the numerous persons
whaling to withdraw their money. It was reported during
a part of the day, that his Majesty the King of the Belgians
had resolved to remove the Queen and the royal family film
Lacken. Reports even of a more alarming nature were
current amongst the English residents, but they are un-
founded. It would he Minos-Rile tor any one to display more
firmness and sangfroid than dues his Belgian Majesty; and,
assuredly, no one is more ready to remain at his post than
he. The independence of Belgium depen a upon it, King,
and the Belgians know that fact. It is hared that there
will he same noisy assemblages this night.
The Belgian cabinet have taken military precau-
tions on a large scale, not only for the preservation of
order, but also for the preservation tf the Belgian
territory.

BOULOGNE, SUNDAY, HALF-PAST ONE, P.M.
I have just learnt that the sosous-prefets, and other
authorities both of Amiens and of Lille have been
removed. The railway station of the hitter place has
been burnt down.

We are not in the most agreeable condition here.
Last night and late on Friday a mob of that class of
gentry who are known as being " ripe for any thing"
paraded this town, singing the Marseillaisr. Their
musical perlortnances were varied by a few denuncia-
tions against the English.
To-day the postmaster of Boulogne received a com-
munication from the provisional government of I'aris,
and all were in the greatest anxiety to learn its con-
tents. To satisfy curiosity that functionary read the
document from his window to a crowd which had as-
sembled under it. The communication merely in-
structed him to carry on the duties of his office, and
to forward letters between England and Franco as
usual. _ _ _

We have had fearful weather. Not a vesEPI could
leave this harbour on Saturday. I hear that the
French mail-boat which left Calais on Friday war
wrecked.

FOLKESTONE, SUNDAY, 5 P.M.
No post or journals from Paris have arrived since
Thursday.
By the boat which has just arrived—the Prineess
Mary—about thirty passengers have arrived. Amongst
them Biel/eke of Nemours,some children, arid others,
of whose faces I could not catch a glimpse. The
Duke started immediately for London, it is presumed,
to a-certain what welcome would be likely to await
his lather, should the ex-king of the barricades, now
that France a second time expels him, fed inclined
once more to seek refuge in !England. A steamer is
waiting, no doubt, to take back the answer. You
will remember that the Duchess of Nemours is a
Cobourg.
The vessel that brought the Duke was allowed
to leave Boulogne without question or delay, nor is
there, at present, anything in the shape of embargo
at that port,the steamers arrive and depart as hereto-
fore—at least, they did so to-day—but the people
arc in a very excited state.
One gentleman, who returned to England this
afternoon, described his defeat in an attempt to
reach Paris. Ile had left London and reached Bou-
logne ei/i this port. Taking the railway at Neuf-
chatel, the train bore him safely to Engliein,
within seven miles of Paris. 'There he was
stopped. The train could get no further, and
not a soul would undertake to drive him to
the city. No money would tempt the good people
of the place to risk themselves or their cattle within
reach of the revolutionary vortex. Whether the
prospect alarmed him, or whether he was a bad pe-
destrian he did not explain; but wound up his hasty
narrative by saying, " Aud so I was obliged to come
back."
Another passenger on whom I pounced told me iris
story. He had got out of Paris to go to England by
Havre. The line was all right to Rouen, but there
the railway bridge over the Seine was burning, and
so he turned off to go to Dieppe. At Dieppe there was
an embargo on all foreign vessels. This obliged
him to start for Abberville, and thence to Boulogne,
where he got across.
The Folkstone people feel much interest in the fact
that six thousand English in Paris have applied for
passports, but cannot obtain them. A considerable
number of Frenchmen have crossed to Boulogae—
many of them political refugees. They escaped in
our metropolis the annoyances our countrymen now
suffer in Paris.

SOUTHAMPTON, SUNDAY.
The Express. a very fast steamer, was despatched
from hence to Havre this morning at 3, and will re-
turn to-night. She was despatched on purpose to
open a communication between this country and
Paris, through Havre, on account of the other route
being stopped up. This will be done as secretly
as possible, to prevent the Parisians knowing it.
SLme apprehension is felt that that portion of the
Indian mail directed to go "ri i Marseilles," and
which was despatched from London on the evening
of the 24th, will be delayed on account of the revolu-
tion in Paris, and that it will not reach Malta in time
to go on by the Ripon.
[lt will be seen by another part of our paper that
these fears were not unfounded. Since receiving the
above the following has been forwarded by the same
correspondent:)
(By Electric Trlcaraph.)
SOUTHAMPTON, SUNDAY NIGUT.—It is reported
that Havre is filled with people waiting to come to
England. The Express steamer that lett this morn-
ing for Havre is anxiously expected.
The Duke of Devonshire has just arrived at Had-
lev's Hotel, and is eagerly- inquiring for 114vre news.
'The Jupiter, which left Southampton with the Pe-
ninsular mail on the 17th, broke down and put into
Carunna ou the 21st. It will be a fottnight before
she will be ready to sail.

Ar.other rumour prevailed at Southampton that
the King would Lind at Portsmouth. 'This is the
more prkabie, es it will be found stated that he bad
left Tri':port. It was also stated that Prince Albert
woulil leave for Portsmouth at a quarter to eight in
the moyning.

Generd the lion. Sir AlexAnder Duff, K. T., at-
tend,l at fro Hone-dike on Satunity, and was sworn in
as Lord Li: u•enant of Elgin, before Oa Gorge Grey, her
hbjvs•y'. Fein: not! S:cretary of State for the Hoyle D. part
Viscount .torpeth, Chief Constniwioner oftn e Vi.oo is
and Forests; and t!te Eight Hon. H. Laboeibere, President
of the Haut of Trade.