The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-25 00:00:00

ghe eppresili.

the were sash N to haloes the WSW sp-
ot &WINS : 111111 *NS hy midis earth Wit
wises fa a beawbas hes& Whoa be wea having two brut
a pesr wawa sins te oad implored bha see hew
bedew., who was in the mai to
sad flea
ewe emsflhar, le elk Mos Mare her shed. The sir el die
siosake is eseh of thew phew wss shear te that whisk
be Iwi derelbs4 awl oily lot Men think what it was to
wee a Wile to wash we stawsphsre.
We hog to prim the case of the widow and chil-
dren at Dr. LYNCH on those of our readers who ap-
=the services of the departed husband and
and whose means enable them to testify their
appreCiation. Never was a case more naked of all
doubtful or factitious claims.
As earnest and sincere advocates of sanitary reform,
we offer this sad service to the memory of one of its
nobleet and most intrepid mortars.

MAILS. I
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its lei TANI .Van Mom% land, and NOT
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nib Irest MY a" At NW" _Miges" low
the llamiriooll bo area
end now 4.11101,101-
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mg% Ain awls ip in aIS llllMillff Ci ell tad Sysisber.
Us mem he as
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rarArdlitember• the Ifeihellesslnt
WO ~lnd iirellurVnis Umesillso, to_ _ _ _
Komi, as.. wul muse' 011, la ‘M.
= aihnitollabli.

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isi tie OM edsdisa the Ng gigabits/War

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Two DA 41 =ln NM el I Allimm, IS Wm. mat li
TeJleasow— 41 WE. FM I I 41.4.0" 4 M., 1... 2.

THE commencement of the next erosion will pro-
bably resemble in many respects the first start of a
crowded omnibus. The old stagers, who move twice
a day between the Bank and Paddington, quietly
secure their accustomed seats on the right or left,
while a promiscuous body of casual passengers, thrust
in by the conductor, with the assurance that there is
plenty of room, force their way to the end, or stand
in doubt which of two crowded and inconvenient seats
to select as the lees undesirable. After a time they
will be shaken into their places, and it there with
more or lees change of position till the arrival of the
parliamentary conveyance, at its terminus, dismisses
them once more to their respective destinations. For
a month past we have been principally employed in
observing and communicating to our readers
the general arrangements for the political journey
as indicated by the character of the principal
and beet known passengers; but now that a time of
greater leisure has arrived, it may not be inappro-
priate to call attention to some of the stray travellers
who have yet to find their places in the vehicle which
is preparing to start.
The present parliament has been compared by me
of our contemporaries, from the variety of inigratta
interests, and theories which its members
to the first which assembled under the pesricisM a[
the Reform Bill, when many inexperienced si=
politicians for the first time entered on a
career. There was, however, in 1833, a more diodes&
separation of parties than any which now exists. The
minority, though small in numbers, was imaismay
able and formidable to compel the majority to pre-
serve a certain discipline and unity, and in all
parts . of the house there were rather differences
of opinion depending on degrees of conservatism
or liberalism, than cross-sections of interests
which now seem likely to divide the house in other
directions betides those which front each other from
the right and left of the SPEAKER'S chair. The Irish
party, the protestant party, and the various currency
parties, will probably often appear as independent
minorities; and those who compose them will at first
be likely to pursue their own peculiar objects with
greater real than they will devote to the general
measures of the great political parties. It is by no
means desirable to suppress the activity of these
minor groups and cliques. Men who devote them-
selves to a particular class of measures, while they
generally overrate the importance of their own
special objects, are seldom devoid of some idea, which,
without each advocacy, would be in danger of entire
neglect and 'suppression. Even anti-economic phi-1
lanthropists have their use in the political world,
though, for the most part, the least trustworthy of
politicians. •
There is one little party in the new house of which
few of our readers have probably heard, so small, in-
deed, that it consists, as far as we know, of only two
members, and so fantastical in some of its notions, that
we should hardly think it deserving of even this
passing notice, if we did not think that it positioned a
confused image of an idea which requires to be more
distinctly recosnised by the English parliament and
public. Mr. URQUHART who headed the poll at Staf-
ford in connexion with we forget which political
party and Mr. ANSTET, who has been returned for
Yougind as a repealer, are the advocatesof doctrines of
whichthefrequenters of Conciliation-hall and the shoe-
makers of Stafford are equally innocent and ignorant.
Mr. Misr ev's views ire familiar to the readers of the
organ of the English catholics,the uncompromisingbut
able Tablet. Mr. URQUHART'S are, for the most part,
buried, together with many ingenious lucubration's of
hie cathohc coadjutor, in a still-born monthly periodical
called, in memory of a more notorious publication, the
Portfolio, which three or four years ago was con-
tinued for a time for the instruction of a few devoted
disciples, and the edification of still fewer collectors
of political
_ oddities and eccentricities.
Mr. URQUHART'S personal disputes with Lord PAL-
MERSTON have made his name known to the public,
but have probably given our readers as little inclina-
tion as ourselves to investigate or discuss their merits.
Right or wrong, Lord Pstnnisron has had every
reason to congratulate himself hitherto on the results ;
for the indignation and patriotism of the ex-secretary
of embassy have led him to attack his former chief in
language so outrageous, and with charges so extrava-
gant, as not only to deprive his statements and
opinions of all weight and respectability, but to throw
ridicule on every attack upon his enemy which
could be supposed in any way to be connected with
his own. Instead of imputing to his adversary the or-
dinary motives of personal and party aggrandisement,
which may distort the conduct of an English minister,
Mr. UatiewAar, supported by a small band of devoted
and credulous disciples, has again and again accused
Lord PALMERSTON of deliberate complicity with
Russia for treasonable purposes, and has repeatedly
demanded his impeachment, and prophesied his pub-
lic execution. It is hardly necessary to say that he
never offered a particle of evidence in support of his
charges.lt is part of his political religion to believe
thsd PALMERSTON is incapable of an error, a
weakness, or even a minor crime. He represents him
ass satanic intelligence, who deliberately contrives,
with full foresight, the ruin of England and
of Europe, for the benefit of the principle of
evil, represented by the government of Russia.
The other statesmen of England, especially Lord
ABERDEEN, are, according to the URQUHARTITES'
need, the feeble, but more or less guilty, tools of the
AHRIMAN of Tiverton. If they oppose him, it is by
his orders that they do so, to lull suspicion ; if they
agree with him, their treason is open and evident.
We are by no means certain that the whole English
nation is not involved in the plot to enslave itself to
Russia, as CHARLES H. leagued himself with the
papists for the purpose of his own assassination. The
only result of Mr. URQUHART'S extravagance is that
to which we have already referred. It is not un-
common for an opponent of any part of Lord PALMER-
STON'B policy to be met by the remark, " What! are
you an Criphartite ?" Tints OATES led people for a
time to believe that a papist could not plot. Mr.
URQUHART makes his Mims unwilling to believe
that a Foreign Secretary can make a mistake.
Nevertheless, Mr. URQUHART is neither a mere
maniac nor an ordisary blunderer. In foreign coun-
tries he has produced by his activity and his great
command of languages an impression which he has
failed to effect in England. In the prosecution of his
main object he has collected mach rare information,
and thrown out more than one important suggestion.
Above all, he is possumed with the idea at the
foreign policy of England is the paramount and the
most neglected duty of the nation. This is the idea
which it is his mission to proclaim in parliament ; and
it, amidst all the ridicule which will attach to his
extravagances, and the anger which his accusations
may not unjustly. excite, he can obtain a hearing for
this great principle, he will have been so far
a beeshotor to his country. It was only last
maw that we heard Lord JOHN &WELL calmly
state, mad the house as calmly adopt, the proposition
ihatthe Hone of Commons selclomtronbled itself about
tgepolitics. That the statement was true is most
itt; tz*, it mitt not w have been tree, and it
ought not to have; been made. The House of
mons is virtually the sovereign of a large portion of
the inhabited world, and it is responsible for the ap-
plication of the greatest power now disposable by
hwan hands. A feeling of this deep responsibility,
a just indignation at the neglect which he received,
may probably be at the bottom of Mr. URQUHART'S
ravings, the little leaven of truth which makes it pos-
sible for his fantastic absurdities to find a hearing. A
prophet who has one grain of inspiration may do
good, though hie creed be the falsest and wildest
which human perversity ever devised. If he can only
rave in the market-place, he will at worst do little
harm.
Mr. ANISTET, whom we have spoken of as Mr.
Uacitrasar's principal follower, has backed up his
opinions with a strange medley of ingenious legal and
constitutional absurdities. He has introduced into
the Urqohartite creed the doctrine that the discon-
tinuance of the old powers of the privy council is one

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, A UG. 25.
CONSIDERABLE excitement has naturally been oc-
casioned by the failure of the house in which the
governor of the Bank of England is the senior part-
ner; and this excitement has not been diminished by
reminiscences as to the number of his predecessors
who have shared the same fate.
Of course suggestions for guarding against the re-
currence of mishaps so likely to engender distrust in
the management of this powerful establishment have
been thrown out. There is one of these suggestions
against which a protest cannot be too early and em-
phatically entered.
It is cautiously insinuated. The writer who throws
it out calls for a permanent managing director or
governor of the Bank ; a man " not actually engaged
DI commerce ; " if a man possessing " commercial ex-
perience " so much the better ; but, by all means, a
man who has " a certain kind of political knowledge."
Bow this governor, or whatever else he is to be called,
is to be appointed, the writer in question says not ;
but it can scarcely be by the shareholders. We have
heard it suggested that the shareholders might elect
a list of three, out of whom ministers might choose
the governor. This would probably be the least
objectionable way ; for a government appointment
the appointment of a political Bank manager must
of necessity become. But such an arrangement is
inadmissible. The Bank is at present an essen-
tially commercial institution, possessing an unac-
knowledged political character : it would, in the case
supposed, become a political institution with an acci-
dental commercial character. Nothing could be more
dangerous to the industrial and commercial interests
of the country than the empowering a minister—a
ci-devantorchlettaste merchant—to control the national
currency and credit, not according to the requirements
of trade, but according to " a certain kind of politiCal
knowledge."
The Bank is at present • bank of issue, and at the
same time a bank for general banking operations. We
cannot conceive for a moment that any one would
propose to allow the minister-banker to conduct the
Latter department It must be intended to carry out
the division between the issue and banking depart-
ments already to a certain extent introduced, and
make the Bank of England a bank of tune alone.
But the experience of every nation in Europe which
has, or has had, a state bank of issue, warns even
against this latter arrangement. Every one of them has
bees subjected byMe necessary and inevitable operation
of each an establishment, to depreciation and ruinous
fluctuations la the value of their currency. The ne-
cessities of commerce are the only safe guide for the
emissions of a paper currency: men, even though
possessed of considerable mercantile knowledge, who
are placed oat of the circle of active trade, and guided
by politico-economical theories, grope in the dark.
And in addition to this source of error comes the in-
vincible predisposition of the member of a ministry to
make matters as easy u possible to his colleagues.
That the Bank exercises a great influence over the
flux and reflux of national commercial prosperity is
Mt and acknowledged on all hands. That this influ-
ence has not been always wisely and beneficially
exercised, we would be the last to question. But the
remedy for this evil is not to be sought in • re-
construction of the managing body that would make
the Bank a mere political engine.

Wa omitted last week to direct the attention of
our readers to the fate of one of our meet zealous
unitary reformers, who has fallen a martyr to his
benevoient and self-devoted labours. Dr. JORDAN
ROCHE LYNCH is a name which must be familiar to
all who have watched the progress of the sanitary
movement. He was the support and spring of that
cause in a locality where, at first, he stood almost
alone, and where be always had to struggle against
an unusual weight of wealth, selfishness, and stu-
pidity. We allude to the City of London, in whose most
unwholesome districts Dr. LYNCH found an ample field
for hie gratuitous professional labours, and in whose
common council he fought with a zeal, eloquence,
and energy seldom exhibited in the cause of the poor,
the suffering, and the helpless. Dr. LYNCH was a
young practitioner, and his death leaves his widow
and family destitute. The following extracts from
the speeches delivered at the meeting of Tuesday for
promoting a subscription for those he has left behind
him, will best show the foundation on which Dr.
LYNCH'S claims are based.
Mr. EDWIN CHADWICK, the chairman, this de.
scribed the career of Dr. LYNCH in connexion edik
sanitary reform :
At the commencement of the inquiry into the ratan
condition of the labouring population, queries Wire Mlle Mt
to the medical officers of the several =WWI. The Mew
reeelyedfroon Dr. Lynch displayed so mach to *ad
lhetlon to the subject, that I entered into oordoritallom
milt him. Be was a young practitioner, and I inns Ms
net lie incesse Ikea his preen* was about 760 E gin ream.
I Imathharesiyitalitimestobiatowlabour upsaniseff‘set
et sanitry imprommorat, to the marifice of hr prodadomai
time, for wideit be was aware Undue meant of
him. For 12111 purpose et hirsilestion, he was a
visitor of dints* inabited ably by the labouring
out of the may gilds duty so • radial officer. At my no.
gust he COMAllleell • map, to stied was shown the locality,
the hones, es well as the *rest, in which every fever ore
had warred, width' • imp district during a losperiod of
time. This was a highly -important service , • being one of
the first sags I rat resnro to Mee the habitat typhus,
I. exhibit its sin sonsidence with the track of cholera and
other oglimia, ant their identity with bad drainage,
111114 wresmawiiag, and bad ventilation. He had ends oh-
rovalisr• and was rowing other oontributiou t• the
deeemeimeieln st the tram sd the risnovairs ems
O dam. Ho meat oat of his prolorir MEM
sad got hinmdfairlod a mondstr of the Court of Common
Oman 1. He had from and Ikerold the reeelreale sad
=felon of epidemics sal* & his district mbar it re-
in its present emir/ raditica. Some days before
ids drib he called apes me to imam me of the isrerity of
dr dollstion of typhus he the oil treks, and the poculisrity
Otis Igna—a
In Woe urea the timer. He mu
Ora gig out of In oonsos, visiting par people
dematexed aricirg renewed public
to get the attendsnee of his warcoalleiecilikma'
wins is the Court of Common
sang me the iniersity of the attack and the eoctiftion of
duos *or be she_ upo_rsad to n° a sense of the personal
danger ; bat said ersoorany there was no avoiding it—lt most
bs adhere.
Only a day or two after his last interview with Dr.
LYNCH, Mr. CHADWICK received a laths *OS Mn.
LYNCH Utadioning her husbandie firesa t cis said—
" After visiting about twenty cues last week, be was
soddenly seised with shivering, intolerance of light,
total prostration, and dreadful pain over his whole
body, and all the. symptoms of the worst sort of
typhus." Subsequently, he suffered from inflammation
of the entire windpipe, so nearly producing suffoca-
tion as to cause his medical attendants to stand pre-
pared for the operation of tracheotomy. Death soon
released Dr. LYNCH from his sufferings.
We are not abasing langLtaite when we call this
• it a solitary
true anti 4301'
example of self-devotion in mg same curie.
lately for the wretched, unfortunately for those v•,to
depend on the exertions of the martyr, many and
may a zealous medical officer has fallen by a like
death, after similar labours.
The priesthood, too, and the clergy, have had their
rebariecti=tatives in- this army of martyr!.
' • as ft toils in its easy-epringed gig
past the haunts of misery, little knows what minis-
tering mercy is abroad in such places, and at what
risk. Take the following from the speech of Dr.
Southwood Smith, a man who knows, none better,
what is the real state of the case, as it affects both
medical visitant and poor sufferer.
It was imposeible for the reediest man to attend on the
power dames without danger to his life. For eramp e,
the lad week he had been called upon to visit a per-
sist in one of the narrow close courts or street, which branch
off tort Zowsrearpiane, in Whiteshapel The day Wee
"Tin*/ sera' die air was almost at ; and
the roam of the patient was dark, though outside there
vas the broad deylight. He was obliged to have a
I to see him ; and the closeness end stench of
•

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1847.

great owe el the flinger sad apreaeleksg dissolstioa
of tkethapire. In one article- in the Portfolio, we
bellow be iffs=" C'9"rnicti
tayirat--“pthhessd htisheanute!Qtnyitoreebnre4Zln=
gothessient el the Englishprovinces as well as of
the sister island. Being a zealous catholic as well as
an Urquhartite, Mr. Aivirrev has' adopted legitimist
views in French and Spanish politics, and above all
things is anxious to secure the supremacy of the holy
see. We believe his leader rather refers the Sultan
to the Pope, but in religious questions Mr. ANBTET
no doubt acts independently.
Nevertheless Mr. ANSTRY also may find means to
make himself useful in parliament. He was, we be-
lieve, the author of Mr. WATSON'S Catholic Relief
Bill, and he will be a more active and efficient advo-
cate of the rights of his co-religioniats than the impo-
tent and ignorant representatives whom the Irish
repealers generally select Mr. MOTET is, like Mr.
O'Coxsem., the professed advocate of those Roman
catholics whose views are moat in accordance with
those of the priesthood. It is always desirable
that every interest which has real power in
the state should have the opportunity of being heard
in parliament The protestant fanatics have many
organs, and it is as well that those whom they dread
so much should tell their own story in defence. Whe-
ther Mr. MUST will do so efficiently remains to be
seen. We have no reason to suppose that he will not
discharge his functions honestly. In the mean time,
his views and those of Mr. URQUHART seemed suffi-
ciently singular and exceptional to justify us in
making them known to our readers, as far as we are
ourselves acquainted with them.

THE time of the year is now approaching at which
most of the engagements for the occupation of farming
land are made, and we therefore propose to redeem '
the promise some time since made—of which nume-
rous correspondents have reminded us—to give the
outlines of the stipulations of which a farming lease
should consist. And here let us say, that our object
is to hold an equal band between landlord and tenant.
We have often bad occasion to comment with some
severity upon the mode in which owners of land deal
with their tenants, who, from one cause or another,
are seldom able to makei their own half of the
lbargain ; but where the owner of land desires to
' turn his property to the beet account, to draw from it
the best and most secure income, and to render it the
scarce of employment and happiness to the labouring
times, he will find that the rational and liberal
way of letting we have ever advocated is as ad-
vantageous to the landlord as to the tenant.
There are many landowners who avowedly im-
pose restrictions to keep their tenants in a con-
dition of dependence ; they wish to see their
estates occupied by men of moderate capital, mode-
rate skill, and no independence of character ; in their
minds the " smock-frock farmer" who works with his
hands rather than his head is the beau ideal of a
tenant. Such landlords we do not profess to address;
they must be left to the teaching of the next few
years' experience, after which they will probably be
more accessible to reason than at present.
But, assuming a landowner to deal with his estate
as property, and to take business-like care to obtain
as tenants men of competent skill, and of capital suffi-
cient in proportion to the extent of land occupied, he
will find it beneficial to impose as few restrictions as
possible on his tenants. It is a mistake to suppose
that a tenant can with profit to himself injure the
land; and, in fact, nearly all the injury done to land
is that which is occasioned by. neglect, and want of
spirited cultivation, almost the invariable accompani-
ments of stringent and restrictive stipulations. Now
the most simple form of lease which has come under
our notice, as generally applicable, is one drawn up
by a committee of the Vale of Evesham Agricultural
Association, and it was framed after obtaining, by
means of a circular, much and varied information
from agriculturists in all parts of England.
The first pert consists of a demise by the landlord
to the tenant in the ordinary way, reserving to the
landlord minerals and timber, with liberty to eater to
work and take away the produce of mines and
quarries, and to fell and remove timber at sew
eonable times. The rent is reserved half=
and is fixed at the value of a
number of bushels of wheat, taken reseed-
ing to the average price of wheat far seven
years ending on the lit of January of each year, -
made up and published for the purposes of the Utile'
Commutation Act. This plan of a corn-rent is very
popular amongst farmers, mainly because during the
existence of the corn laws, which professed to secure
certain prices artificially high, a corn rent pro
the farmer in some measure against the consequences
of actual prices falling below the act of parliament
prices. This, taking the period from 1815 to 1846,
happened about seven years of each ten. But now that
the trade in corn is about to become free, and prices
will vary only in consequence of variations of supply
and demand, and will be chiefly influenced by the pro-
ductiveness or deficiency of each year, it deserves
the consideration of both landlords and tenants
whether there is any real advantage in adopting a
varying oorn rent, rather than a fixed money rent.
And indeed, in Scotland, where core rents have most
prevailed, it hes been the custom to fix a maximum
price of corn above which the rent shall not ascend,
and a minimum below which it is not to fall. Our
own belief is, that a fixed money rent will henceforth
be a better and more certain measure of the value of
the land from year to year than a corn rent. This is,
however, a matter for the parties to a lease to 00011:
der ; but whether the rent lee a corn or a money easy
the term ought not to be lees than twenty yeses.
No farmer can farm properly with a shorter term.
To return to the Evesham association form. The
tenant covenants to pay all taxes chargeable era
the farm, except the landlord's taxes ; sad
to repair the house, buildings, fences, draiss
and so forth, the landlord furnishing upon tho
farm, or within a stated distance thereof, " all rough
timber, brick, lime, tiles, and other materials whatso-
ever, for each repairs."
The next clause states that the farm-house and
buildings having been valued, at the tenant's entry,
at a specified sum, the particulars of which are
set forth in a schedule, the tenant agrees to deliver,
up the same buildings at the end of his tern's
in good repair • and in case the same may bave
become lessened in value by reseal of the tenant's
neglect to repair, the differeaoe in ease to be paid by
the tenant to the landlord, tho that awl amosst to be
determined by arbitration. Szoopdoos are maim is
case of injury by tempest, and far the natural dew
and wear and tear of the premises during the lease.
The tenant is not to assign the Ism or underlet the
lends without the landlord's comsat. This is a stipula-
tion which ought to be modified, for it may ellen be
most important to the taunt to dispose et his
lease, and the landlord may eapritio' oily TAN his
anent to a transfer. We have boom aamy such
cases wherein great injustice W bon peapstrated
towards a tenant who has invaded asuidelable capital
in the farm. The tenant might, pita" be reason-
ably restrained from underletting or dividing the
farm, but he ought to be at liberty to assign, after
offering to the landlord proof that the proposed
assignee is a responsible person, provided the landlord
refuses his consent. The form then binds the tenant
to protect fences and trees from injury by cattle or
otherwise. The landlord is to prescribe the crops
'which the tenant is to grow on every portion of the
land during the last four years of the term, and if the
tenant shall object to the prescribed course of
cropping the matter to be settled by arbitration.
The obje:ct of this stipulation is to prevent the
exhaustion of the land at the end of the
lease ; but a far better plan would be that the land-
lord should agree to pay the tenant for all =ex-
hausted acts and improvements at the end of the
term by valuation. In fact, in the absence of a
general law upon 2:8 'abject, 6,-Xll lease eiould con- ,
fain a special provision for tenant rights.
Next comes a very important claim' which provides
that the landlord or his agent shall be at liberty to go
upon the premises for the purpose of inapecting the
state of repair, and of ascertaining the state of the
management sad cultivation of the land; " and in
case the annual renting value of the lands shall have
Buffered decrease by reason of the tenant's failing to
repair or to cultivate the land according to
-the rules of good husbandry," the landlord
may compel the tenant, by a six months' notice,
to quit the farm, and to pay the damage
caused by his breach of covenant, according to
the assessment of arbitrators. On receiving such
notice to quit, the tenant may require the question to
be referred to arbitrators ; " and if they shall decide
that the lands have not been materially deteriorated
by the tenant's management, the notice to quit shall
be void." This clause appears to provide very effec-