The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-19 00:00:00

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MAILS.

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LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 19.
TRE Roman magistrate who treated the people to
the cruel, but all-interesting, games of the circus, in
which men slaughtered each other for public amuse-
ment, was always present at the spectacle, and pre-
sided from a conspicuous place.
We know not whether it was a similar mute
of propriety which prompted Sir ROBERT PEEL to
visit Liverpool at a moment when the death draggle
between credit and restricted currency was at its
height, and when, as an appropriate victim to Sir
ROBERT PEEL'S own ordinances, the Royal Bank of
the sewed commercial city in the empire bit the dust.
On the ex-Premier alone, however, does not lie all
present responsibility. Other ministers share it, and
are, no doubt, this moment taking council u to when
may be the fit time to interfere to stop the mutual
destruction of commercial men, who, for no muse but
from self-defence, are compelled to deal death to each
other. At such a moment one turns in anxiety to
whatever may be considered an expression of minis-
terial opinion. Some journals generally play this
part; bat at present such organs are 100 to he
vein. The -Times throws the whole blame all a
cause which has as much to do with the nullilloadesed
credit and the disappearance of the currency, as Tie.
terden steeple has with the Goodwin Sands. To
reason with its ravings would be idle.
We turn to the Examiner, which strenuously repu-
diates anything like ministerial inspiration. And we
give it full credit for the denial. But it speaks at Lead
the ideas of men who profess much the same doe-
trines as the present ministers, though perhaps they
are more able and intelligent expounders of them.
We cannot, therefore, but take the Examiner as the
cream of the party. And we must conks our-
selves highly dissatisfied with its suggestions.
We have met, if we mistake not, some such com-
plaints, with similar remedies for them, as those pat
forward by the last Examiner, in a pamphlet by ?dr.
CowELL. The worst of these suggestions is, that they
destroy me another.
A temporary inconvenience is said to arise from the
payment of dividends quarterly, inasmuch as the
government is obliged to take peculiar measures to
provide the large amount required to make those pay-
ments, and these measures, it seems, destroy the equi-
librium of the money market. One suggestion is,
that the payments should be oftener made, perhaps
monthly, so that there should be twelve, instead of
four, instalments of the interest on the national debt
in the year. The change has been frequently pro-
pmed, but it is clear, that were it adopted, all necessity
for the minister's discounting six months' bills would
be superseded. This latter is the second suggestion,
and has, in many shapes, been put forward before
without meeting approval.

NEVER were countries so completely the sport of
diplomacy, as those known under the name of the
duchies of Parma and Piacenza, and, we may add, of
Lucca. For upwards of a century they have been
tossed about like shuttlecocks from power to power.
In each suecesaive treaty of the last treaty-making
century, they were made to change princes—now
Austrian, now Spanish, now French : a native of these
provinces could ill tell to whom he belonged.
The formal abdication of his principality of Lucca
by the duke, and its occupation by Tuscany, have
just been accomplished, and readers may like to be
informed under what circumstances this apparent
revolution has taken place.
• The duchies of Parma and Piacenza, it being ap-
parent that the family of FARNEBE, which held them,
would become extinct, were assigned, as soon as that
event should take place, to the younger sons of
Plitur V., the BOURBON sovereign of Spain. This
arrangement, made in 1718, did not take place till
towards the middle of the century, when Don PHILIP
beams Duke of Parma. lids is the ancestor of the
present Duke of Lucca. Parma and Piacenza re-
mained in the possession of the family till the con-
quest of the French under NAPOLEON.
Lucca remained up to that same time a republic,
and in many respects a singular specimen of repub-
lican government, having as part of its constitution a
system of ostracism, by which every citizen,
no or otherwise, considered dangerous to the re-
public, was exiled by the tacit vote of his fellow-
citizens. In 1799 Napoleon remoulded Lucca in the
Ligurian republic, with a directory, subject to the
French commandant. Parma was still eft to its
BOURBON prince, it being then NAPOLEON'S policy to
respect and conciliate the royal house of Spain and its
interests. And soon after, at the death of the then
reigning duke, his son, an infant, was put in posses-
sion of Tuscany under the title of King of ETRURIA,
his duchy of Parma being annexed to France. This
arrangement merely lived as long as the caprice of
NAPOLEON, of which it was born. The conquest of
Portugal having been determined by that despoiler of
kingdoms, he proposed removing the Prince of Plans
from his kingdom of Etruria to another throne, to be
carved out and erected for him by French arms in
Portugal.
The result of this ambitions scheme is well known ;
and one of its consequences was, that this Bourbon
prince who was born Duke of Parma, then crowned
King of Etruria, the same who has just abdicated the
duchy of Lucca, remained a Jean sans terry, without
his own patrimony, and without means of any kind.
la 1814, the diplomatista of the great Powers, caring
or knowing little of the existence ef this claimant,
arrigned Parma to the late Empress of France, MARIA
Lorm, and to her son.
_ _

In 1816 the Powers were more just They con-
firmed MARIA LOUISA in posseseion of Parma during
her life ; but they at the same time assigned the sue-
amnion of the duchies to the disinherited Bourbon,
who for the present woo only given the ducky of
Lucca, with its twenty square miles, and 138,000 in-
habitants, the poverty and paucity of the little terri-
tory being made up to the duke by a supplementary
amount of 20,000/. a year, to be paid by Austria.
It now appears that the Archduchess is weary of
her principality of Parma, and would gladly exchange
it for retirement on the 20,000/. a year hitherto paid
to the Duke of LuccA. Such at least is the rumour.
Her resignation would thus pat the duke in posies-
'ion of his hereditary dominions of Parma, Loma be-
coming incorporated with Tuscany, and thus revert-
ing to the house of Austria. This portion of the
agreement has already taken effect. The Tuscan
authorities have occupied Lucca ; the abdication of
Parma by MARIA LOUIHA is not SO certain ; and
until it is accomplished, Tuscany is to indemnify the
Duke with a large annuity. We need not say that
the Luccheee will be rejoiced at the event, whilst
the Parmesans cannot experienoe a change for the
worse. Nothing, indeed, can be more pernicious
than a system of life-sovereigns, between whom and'
the people they govern, there exist neither links of
attachment nor of common interests, nor of future
prospects.

WE hare said as little as possible on the subject of
charity to Ireland, broached as, we think, this quee-
flan was, unseasonably and prematurely. We have
been overwhelmed with accounts of emeutes on
thanksgiving day, clerical resistance to beginning
charity elsewhere than at home. Some of the Irish
patriots have insisted that their corn shall not be sent
to fetch a prioe in the ungrateful markets of
England. Certain English bare adopted tie same
kind of repudiation with more justice. Some, indeed,
put forward bigot motives—others fair and sound
ones. And, on the whole, the only mode of now
opening English hearts and purees towards the Irish
would be, not to depict the miseries of the latter, but

to show what seeps have been taken by all classes
of the Irish themselves to meet and to remove them.
It is the old *Dry of the waggoner, who prayed to
Jupiter for aid. Help thyself, is the answer.
Such feelings in England have been more aug-
mented by the demands of some unreasonable Irish-
men, blinded by self interest, compliance with
whom would be no less ruinous to Ireland
herself than to the empire generally. They
really talk as if they believed the Thames
mother Pactolus, or fancied that Sir Cuaaces
WOOD had the touch of Mums, or bad mastered the
wet secret. They think it easier for England to
advance ten millions of money for the relief of Irish
distress than it is for Irishmen to make the smallest
effort to help themselves. Niggardly of their own
exertions, they are prodigal of our gold. To accede
to their requests, we should change places with
them. They ask for an alms that would
tthe alms-giver, as if LAZARUS, instead of Er ling the crumbs, had clamoured for the table
from which they fell, and petitioned for the rich man's
purple and fine linen. Now, to be compelled to dis-
appoint expectations like these is net very distressing
to our feelings. It is only when requests are modest
that to refuse them becomes a painful duty. The
difficulty of the rulers of Ireland consists
not in resisting monstrous demands, but in
dealing with propositions which, wearing •
reasonable semblance, might, if rashly consented to,
enhance the public embarrassments enormously. We
are not to be surprised if Irish gentlemen are not
always as eowidsrete as they ought to be in the plans
they suggest to do government ; they do not consi-
der it their beams to be tender of the imperial
finances. net office, however, somebody must dis-
charge. &onager end benefioenee mast go hand in hand.
It is difficult to moderate between a suffering people
end an esebenessed treasury ; it is • teak that de-
Amide peal Iremenity, combined with great firm-
s= Mai CretlOD.
DON loses no fair opportunity of
iisw= spa the minds of Irish country
pother= that the time is come when they
mot dossed mainly on themselves for extrication
Ikea their embarrassments. His reception of the
deputation from the county of Clue (the object of
,coh was to obtain advances of money to complete
the works commenced under the Labour Rate Act)
was in the best manner of a man who feels that his
Woken is for something more than to govern. Irish
gentlemen know how to colour their statements. Mr.
FITZGERALD, one of the deputies, drew a highly
coloured picture of the state of his county;
" the fields were open, the fences broken
down, and the lands trespassed on by cattle
ranging from one farm to another ; the farmers
were put to inconvenience, and the lands left
uncultivated," all because the road-works begun under
the Labour Rate Act had been left unfinished. To
this, Lord CLARENDON was so unfeeling as to reply
" that a very small amount of labour on the part of
individuals would repair the fences where they had
been impaired. For his part, he would not allow his
cattle to stray,•nor would he allow his neighbour's
cattle to trespass on him without putting up stone-
walls or some other description of fence to protect
his lands." Only conceive a body of landed pro-
prietors coming up out of the provinces with
a complaint to the Queen's representative about
broken fences and wandering cattle! Only imagine
the crown invoked to kelp the farmers of Clare to
perform the rudest and cheapest agricultural opera-
tion ! And such a reason to allege for leaving the
lands uncultivated ; such an apology for such a crime!
The gentlemen of the county Clare would surely have
been better employed at home urging their tenants
and neighbours to a little honest and manly industry
on their farms, than in travelling up to Dublin
to lay so ludicrous a case before the Lord-Lieutenant.
All Colonel VANDELEUR had to say for himself and
his fellows was, that "the works had been left un-
finished, and the deputation simply demanded money
to complete them." The Board of Works began, and
the Board of Works must finish. Such was the
burden of Colonel VANDELEUR'S song. The next ap-
plication will be to have his garden put wider the
board. We do not see why the Board of Works
should not cultivate peaches for country gentlemen,
as well as repair their fences. Sir LUCIUS
O'Bazxic sapiently observed that the object they had
in view was to get oat of their difficulties ; a very im-
portant object, no doubt, but there are other people in
the empire as well as Sir LUCIUS and the gentlemen
of Clue who have difficulties likewise to get out of,
if they can. This was ably observed on the other side.
His excellency said, nobody could deny that they were in
great difficulties, and whilst they dwelt upon these they
should remember the state of the treasury in England, with
• declining revenue, and the distressed state of the working
dames there. Whilst they complained of distress here,
where it existed under their own eyes, they should remem-
ber that there was distress in England and in Smtland also;
and as they were all in the same boat, and as there was
every disposition on the part of England to relieve Irish
dls-
true, they should not press it unequally. The case was hard
at either side; but all should do the best they could.
It wee then urged by the deputation that a " mo-
derate sum would effect what was required." Sir
Lucius O'BRIEN said that on some roads 61. would
complete the works ; others, now in a dangerous
state, would require 201., perhaps more." We
should like very much to have a return of the expense
of the Clare deputation, their journey to Dublin, their
sojourn there, and their journey back again to their
coantry-houses. We suspect the amount would cover
the repairs of a good many of the roads in question,
perhaps even those " in a dangerous state." But to re-
peirtheir own roads would have been to rely upon their
own exertions and resources, and the ANDELEURB
and O'BRIENB are such very independent men that
they will not even depend upon themselves. The
ally weakness in their characters is to depend a liUk
'Ron the Castle, the Exchequer, and the Board of
Works. Mr. FaIGERALD took the lead again, and
the following dialogue took place :
Mr. Fluvial said he feared the government was not
aware et the Mob of the countvy. The lands had been left
"ring ; with the prospect of the potatoes
coda Fsemidifespsies, the people left their lands untitled and
ilagsfraismyy mid, surely it would be a hard ease that
herlandrieue dosses in this country and in England
Assad he mode to pay for such disgraceful and criminal
at=as that.
Vandelear said the people had been told pub-
=not to till their lands—that the government would till
provide seed for them—and the consequence was, that
almost every second field in some parts of the country was
uncultivated and unsown.

We cannot acquit these Clare proprietors of being
oarticipea criminu in what the Lord Lieutenant so
justly stigmatises as "disgraceful and criminal neg-
lect" What were they about, to suffer their tenants
and neighbours to violate the first duty of man to
society—to leave their lands untilled—and this on the
express ground that made cultivation more impera-
tively their duty than ever—" the prospect of the
failure of the potato "P How can we acquit these
gentlemen of having participated last year in this
unheard of folly, when we find them this year al-
leging, as an excuse for its repetition, that the Board
of Works will not repair their fences But we may
gather from their own lips what the usual employ-
ment of the gentlemen of Clare is when they are at
home on their estates. Let Mr. FITZGERALD speak
for them. We shall give him the full advantage of
his trip to Dublin, and audience of the Lord Lies-
tenant :
Mr. Fitzgerald said that if driven to outdoor relief, it
would be better to set the people to work on the roads,
rather than not get anything at all in the shape of labour for
their support.
His Ex.-allelic,: It would increase outdoor relief fifty
fold. With respect to the Land Improvement Act, scholars
the landlords doing is the county of Clare
Mr. Fitsgeral,l: Trying to elle ; they have their OW*
embameiments, Lrolik not getting their rents.
" His Excelleuey ; In several parts of Ireland the rents
were extremely well pad. He bad had letters from gentian**
in Leinster and Munster, who informed him that the tenants
were paying their rents, and, is some cases, offering them
without they being demanded. He °eked, loss there nothav
doing in the may of improvement r
Mr. Fitzgerald—Nothing. One part of the county was
composed of lime-stone gravel, which did not nattily shahs-
egsn • other parts would require draining, but it was men-
by cottitr tenants, and he could not see bow it could be
•
What are the landlords doing ?" demands his ex-
amine,. " Trying to exist," replies their spokesman.
'Ho same question is repeated, and the same answer is
=in other words—more hiessioally—" Heikki."
Table country-gentlemen I Mr. FITISCMLUM is the
very ideal of patriot !quire. His seespation is "try-
ing to exist," which is no very Whom employment,
since he explains it himself to mean much the some
thing as doing nothing. Lord CLanzienow,, mew-
tomed to live with men who do sonwaing,
I trying to exist, mast be greatly edified •
reamoto7hant of order; orddwetniehisrerhyronekuti:::notherwp:oledgekagmanoofoffoothmttioankiporeroomith.edtitn2.
assigns, in the presence of the LORD • •', T
excuses for utter inactivity, at a strilki • l.
lir Is
°