The Express.
London, England, 1847-08-03 00:00:00

BERKSHIRE..

Contrary to expectation, there is to be a change in the re-
presentation of this county. Since the defeat of Mr. C. Itus.
sell, the chairman of the Great Western Railway, at Read-
in,v, the less of his seat has been a matter of anxiety, not
only among these interested is the company which he re-
resents, but to the rejected member himself, whose pm.
session of a seat in parliament is requisite for the re-
tention of his seat of presidency ►t the board of
directors, It is therefore said to be definitively ar-
ranged that Viscount Barrington, who is deputy chair-
man of the above railway, will retire from the county
representation to make room for Mr. Russell. Owing to the
extremely clime approach of the election, Mr. Russell has not
had time to issue an address to the constituents, so that the
arrangement will not he generally known tillthe nomination, I
which talus place to-day (Tuesday), when Viscount Bar-
riogton will make known his retirement in favour of Mr.
Russell. It is in contemplation among a large portion of the
electors who are opposed to Mr. Posey on account of his
anti-protestant principles, to urge Viscount Barrington not
to retire, with a view of displacing the former gentleman ;
but it I. unlikely that his lordship will stand a contest with
Mr. Piney, who would be strongly supported by the agricul-
tural interest.

HEREFORDSHIRE.
The nomination is fixed for to-morrow morning. The
candidates are Mr. Bailey, jun., Mr. G. Cornewall Lewis,
and Mr. F. Hagiritt. There is a rumour current that Sir
John Cam Hohnouse, Bart., will be put in nomination at
the hustings. The county regietzation is said to be such as
to ensure the election of two reformers.

NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE.
Edward Buller, Eq.. has withdrawn.
SOUTH E•SEX.—This DAT,

At the nomination TO; show of hand; was in favour of
Brimstone and Buxton. A poll was demanded by the
friends of the other candidate.

SUMM:K LAND._

The nominatina of the candidates for the borough of Sun-
derland took place yesterday.—Dr. Brown proposed Mr.
David Barclay. as a fit and proper person to represent the
borough of Sunderland in parliament. Mr. J. Allison
seconded the nomination.—Mr. J. J. Wright then pro-
posed the Bight. Hon. George Dodson, Lord Mayor
of York, an the most fit and proper person that could
possibly be selected to represent the borough of Sun-
derland in the ensuing parliament. Mr. R. Spoor
seconded the nomination, and said that whoever op-
posed Mr. Iludson was a taaitor to the well-being
of the borough.—Mr. W. Morley proposed Mr. W. A. Wil-
kinson an a fit and proper person to represent the borough
in the ensuing parliament on liberal principles, and as an
advocate for the modification of the navigation-laws.—Mr.
Joshua Wilson s.condixt the nomination.—Mr. Barclay
then addressed the (lectors. defending his conduct in par-
liament on the corn laws and the sugar duties, and
avowing his conviction with respect to the future, that the
navigationlaws formed an exception to the principles of
free trade, and that it would he dangerous to repeal them.—
Mr.
Hudson then proceeded to addreu the electors, re-
lying upon their suffrages in his favour upon the protee-
tioni4 principles which he had always advocated, and upon
his strenuous exertions for the local improvement of the
borough and port of Sunderland.—Mr. Wilkinson next ad-
dressed
the electors, claiming their suffrages so a liberal and
a free-trader in the full sense of the appellation —On a show '
of hands bring taken, the mayor declared it to have fallen '
upon Mr. Hudson and Mr. Wilkinson. A poll was imme-
diately d mantled fir Mr. Barclay. Thanks were then voted
to the mayor, and the proceedings terminated.

QUARTERLY RETURN OF HEALTh AND
lORTALITY.
This official and authentic document confirms the
apprehesslms that were entertained respecting the high
amount of mortality during the spring quarter.
It is important to atter, in the first instance, that the
quarterly resume are obtained from Ili districts, subdivided
into .5.q. sub districts. 36 districts arc in the metropolis, and
the r:ma:ning 81 comprise, with some agricuPurai districts,
the principal towns and cities of Eogland. The population
was 6,612,800 in 1811. The deaths registered in the June
quarters of the five years were as follows: 1843, 40,313;
180, 38977; 184.5, 40,647; 1816, 43,734; 1847, 51,585.
Thus the mortality during the last spring quarter, ending
J une 30,g reatly exceeds the average morality of the preceding
corresponding peri'ds. Had the mortality been uniform. and
the population increased from 1839 at the rate of 1.75 per
mat annually, the deaths during the last guarter would only
have amounted to 44,840 instead of 51,684, the actual num-
ber, which is an ezzem of 6,745 above the corrected average.
The deaths registered during the four quarters of the five
Pin endive June 30, 1847, were—lB43, 163,162; 1844,
164,673; 1813, 17(1,810; 1846, 163.058 • 1847, 212,210. The
t. average ..r7 roes is 161,1431. Add 7.19 per cent. for in-
crease of pnpilafion, and the average applicable to 1847 is
177,700. The exces• on the year ending June 30,1847, was
thus no less than 31,000 deaths. The districts tinder re-
•II`W are however stated by the registrar-general to
include nearly all the towns of England, end are
• always unhealthy in their natural state. The mortality is

not more than 18 in 1.000 in many districts, and entire
counties, where the population is far from being in • favour-
able eandition ; and after every allowance has been made, if
the ages dike inhabitants had been taken Into amount, the
mortality should certainly not exceed 2pe cent. ; at which
rate, as the population was about 7,274,900, the deaths in
the year, June, 1846.7, would have been 145,498, or lee by
32,200 than the average 177,700. The excess of mortality
tried by this standard during
_the pear ending June 1847, was
66,712, and that is only ens.fewth part of the parakeets of
the United Kingdom.
These holispregere us kw do information that sickness
prevailed to a fearful extent thaweihout the eseadry daring
the 4rt
se= quarter. Common =pa the re-
vue fatal ; se sere or less
ow the sentetey hest the mam et et vegetelle food, the
potato haste, *Med ; ell had became scam and dear ;
typhus brake est. is ISM siddlssie, and sho
decline. To sit te the selangti ees of the counws no sign of
try, the poor
of Ireland dying ef stswesdee, and consumed by fever,
even east ea the sort et lissiand, are now lodged in
the crowded, illidest parts of the most insalubrious
cities, or in worthiness sal beigitals provided by Eng•
shah pari.hes. In Leaden, we ere told, small pox has
been latterly prevalent; the death*, which were from 3 to 7
weekly in the beginning of the year, amounted at the close
of June to 26 in the week. Typhus, which always prevails
more or lea, killed 58 persons in the last week of June; and
was on the increase. Diarrhea, too, was becomicg more
fatal as the temperature advanced. Purpura and termite-
meals have both been unusually common. They are prolia-
bly of the nature of scurvy. The following remarks on diet
are particularly deserving of attention, emanating as they do
from the high medical authorities in communication with
the ratistrarieneral: _

dime prejudice against fruit, and the absolute
necessity in diet of vegetables containing an acid, as the
potato does, were dwelt on before scurvy end its kindred
diseases mad, their appearance. It is true, that fruit, when
taken to caress, produces symptoms which may be mistaken,
by persons unacquainted with medicine, for common cholera.
But beef or mutton in excess will do the same ; and the ex-
perience of this year has shown more clearly titan had ever
been shown before, that bread and meat alone are not suffi-
cient to sustain the system in health. Fruit and acid vege-
tables are an auntiel part of the food of man ; but it
appears that the body when duly supplied with the prin-
ciples it derives from these sources, husbands them up, and
can do without the acid diet for some time. The appetite
for fruit and pickles is not then without its use, although
the chemists have not hitherto explained how vegetable
acids subserve nutrition. Without these aliment, the blood
loses some of its essential properties, and escapes from the
vessels in purple spots under the skin, or with more fatal
effect into the structure of internal organs."
Our readers are probably aware, that • great number
of medical men have fallen victims to their inde-
faVitable attention to the sick in the poor districts
of Liverpool and Manchester. The returns before us
allude feelingly to these philanthropic individuals ; and the
registrar-general very properly expresses a hope, that the
heroic conduct of those now alive and of those who have
perished will nut be forgotten by their country. But clergy-
men as well as medical men have died. The registrar of
Great Howard-street, Liverpool, says:—
" Eight Rooms Catholic priests have fallen victims to
their indefatigable attention to the poor of their church, mid
one clergyman of the church of England. Another (curate
of St. Manias) nearly fell a sacrifice to the same decease.
Indeed, their exemplary conduct in visiting and relieving
the sick has been the theme of praise with all. From 10
ta 14 re nons connected with the relieving department in
the parish offices have also died of the fever, taken by them
in discharge of their duties."
We observe that ins:ructions were given to the registrars
throughout the country to state in their returns whether any
epidemic disease, such as measles, typhus, ex. has been pre-
vailing in their districts. The number of registrars is 447.
118 have made returns to the effect that typhus,
scarlatina, and other epidemic diseases, have been raging to
• calamitous extent. The registrars in Liverpool and Man-
chester state that the " Irish fever" has prevailed amongst
the lower classes to an unparalleled degree. Indeed, we base
seldom perused a more afflicting account of sickness and mor-
tality than is here presented to us.
The metropolitan returns do not present a much more favour-
able aspect than those of the large country towns. In all the
districts the mortality during the last spring quarter exceeded
the average of previous quarters. The deaths during the
last five spring quarters were—in 1843,11,748; 1844, 11,597 ;
1845, 11,424 ; 1846, 11,423; 1847, 12,361. A very large
proportion of this mortality was occasioned by epidemic
diseases consequent on the want of ventilation, water, and the
absence of sanitary measures.' On this subject the registrar-
general says, " That insalubrity exists is incontestable; the
causes of it arc known; and that they admit of removal to a
considerable extent is allowed by all who have paid atten-
tion to the subject. But it is a long time before the
plainest principles can be carried out. W hen the works
are commenced, it will be some years before they
can be completed; and as yet nothing has been begun.
After Captain Cook had demonstrated that the health of the
navy could be immeasurably improved, thousands of the best
seamen had to perish, expeditions to be defeated, million, of
pounds expended, 30 years to elapse before anything what-
ever effectual was done to place the health of the British
navy on a satisfactory footing. So it is to be feared that
through the natural obstacles in the way, and the perti-
nacious opposition of parish vestries, of corporations, and
companies, and the enemies of the public health, many times
the number who have perished this year will fall • sacrifice
are the towns of England enjoy, trretraineenention of
galenite, a moderate share of the health which nature confers
on the country around them."
There are two striking and most important facts, so aptly
illustrative of the advantages arising from sanitary measures
baud on science, that we add them to the foregoing remarks.
In 1750 the condition of Newgate and other prisons was
such that a fever, called the "gaol fever," broke out, and in
the above year killed the Lord Mayor, two of the judges,
and an atderman on the bench, who were trying prisoners at
the Old Bailey Session.. The assistance of the Royal So-
. ciety was requested by the City authorities, to ventilate the
prisons; and accordingly, Sir John Pringle, and other dis-
tinguished fellows of the society, took such steps as effeetu-
; ally banished the fever. This is the first record of eyste-
. matic sanitary measures being adopted in our prisons.
. Now, these are carried to such a state of perfection that
it was only a few weeks ago that we had the pleasure
r of recording, under the head of " Provincial Intelligence,"
that in Glasgow, when fever was raging around, the prisons,
containing about six hundred inmates, had riot one fever
patient. Surely these facts render all ceniment unnecessary.
The meteorological tables which accompany the neurn en-
able us to deduce the following results. The mean tempera-
ture of the quarter at Greenwich was 53 deg. 2, which is
2 deg. below that of the corresponding' quarter of 1846, and
0. 2 above that of the quarter for 2o years. The tempera-
ture of the dew
_point was 44 deg., being lower than in the
spring of 1844, o, or 6, by 3 deg. I ; 2 deg. 4 ; and 4 deg. 2
respectively. The mean height of the barometer was 29.71:3;
the quantity of rain 4. 49 inches. The horizontal movement
of the air 819 miles weekly, being about the average amount.
We observe that some valuable instructions for making and
registering meteorological observations are appended to the
report.

CRICKET.
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS MATCHES.

HARROW AND WINCHF;eITER.—Thig affair terminated in
favour of the former, who won in one inninp, by 24 rune.

A. Faber, Esq., b Jones .......-
2 b Terms.«
E. Trotoms, Esq., b Jones I b Jam
11. Wickham, Esq., b Jones ..... -.. 19 c Maidowsio. b Vernon
J. Eandtll, Esq., b Jones 0 b Versos
A. Wallace, Esq., run out
W. Riildma, Esq., b Jones 1 b J0ne5...........
C. Lipscomhe. Esq., b Jaws 3 run out
61. Erecting, Esq., illi Ma 0 to /OW,
T. 11111, Esq ,li Janes --.............. 0 c Longs blurs
J. Kemp, E.q., b Jones.— ............. 0 c *mein, bilges
C. limbo, Paq , not oat ...-..—.. 0 not out S
Byes, 3; wide, 2 5 B/714, Ili wile, 6; no
15

E. Ram, b Faber —Oll7E. Hear, Ifaq., b Wkk..
11. Vernon, • „ b Kemp 1 ham
A. ackenrie, ~0 Faber . 17 J. Fleid, b Fleeting
ll
P. E. Mlles, Pop., nm out l6 M. Joan, Eari..b Freellng 2
T. D. Platt, Req., bit edit, b I Salute, Erg., b Fleeting
Faber n Byes, 9; wide, 23; no boll, 135
J. B. Wenn, Esq., b Wickham 15
D. lunge, E.g., not out 29
Harrow therefore won in
ETON T. WOICIIENTINt.—
defeat of Winchester in one
score stood thus :

innings, by 24 runs.
Ls match terminated in the
lags, by 78 runs. The final

A. Faber, F.sq., b Biore — ll • Chitty, b Blare
C. Martin h.q., b Blom I not out
/I. Wickham, Veit, b More ... .... 0 0 lllore 4
J. Rundell, E.g., b Blore
E. Trotm3n, F.6q., b Blore
T. 11111, EN., b Blare
A Walluce, EN., It Aitken, mi .. ... . 18 c Thompson, kAntroltos 8
W. Riding, Falq., b Antrobot
J. Kemp, Faq., a Chitty, It Blore ... 4 c ettreathfield, lb Blom
C. tipmocabe, E6q., b Aireubus ... 0 b Blom 1
M. Freeling, Erg., b Antrobut
Byes, 2; Wide, 4 0 Byes, 0; Wide, 2 8

J. Aitken, Ext., b Rill
11. Aitken, Fp., e Feeding,
b Nill
A.R.Tbeenceon,Esq.,e Kemp,
b 2nber
K. C. Antrobna, Erg., ant eat 7
A. Endo, VAT, run eat
Bye% 13; wide, lb' 20
1

W. E. Clore, Fam., ran out 1
E. W. Barnett, Esq., c Bun-
deli, b Fub r
iltreattleld, Esq., 0 Wick-
ham
Y.R.Whyroper, Mc., 'Kemp,
b Wickham
T. Drll ams, Esq., c Llpmante,
74
b 11,
T. Chitty, Esq., e Kemp, b
Faber
ETON V. RARROW.—This match commenee,l on Satnr•
last, and when the play closed the score stool as follows
II .60W.
Ira Row, Esq., c Coleridge, b More 0 b Altkin, ml
A. 14sekenrs, Esq., b Aitken, nil .. 11 not tut 32
11. Verge" Esq_., b Moro
P. mike. .P." b More.. .......... .... 0 c Aitkin, b Clore
T. D. Platt E.m., b More
D. Large, ist..;gb Altkln, Ed 0 c and b More II
11. Hutton, u 9., a Illrietaeld, b
Moro
J. Mal, Esq., b More
D. lisurin, big., b Altkin, ml.
A. K. Bennie, Esq.. b Blare
M. loses, Esq., not out
Byes, 8; wide, 2 .
CI
e.,

VIITI.
W.E. Barnett, Erg., b F. 11. Whympri, Fob e
Bennis
A. Coleridge, Esq.. b Jowl, 13 v, Deacon, Esq., b Versals « 4
J. Aitken, 12aq., c Low, b A. Earl,. C: q.. b. Jonas l4
Jones 22 R. Antrobut F.N., b. Jam ... U
C. More, Esq., e. Button, A It. Aitleln, Ent, b 'Talton 4
Vernon
Streatelebl, Esq., b Reel. Ites, 4; sole,lo .......
me
tin