The Express.
London, England, 1848-03-31 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EYRNING, MARCH 31, 1848.

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brathilebArrib ad BOOM Are/. will be made up coo the
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wil be..wrea witbe at tbie Mk April.
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will be nude up mem mob* el the 7th April
----------

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.
The number of STAMPS issued by the authorities of the
Starap-oelee, during 1847, to the
DAILY NEWS was 3,447,009
This, we believe, is within eight per cen of the number
lensed to the Morning t
ning Herald, Horning Cltronirte, and
Mornir Post, ALL PUT TOOLTIIIIL
In addition to the above, issued to the DAILY NEWS,
Morning Paper, there were issued for the Everting Edition,
THE EXPRESS 778,714
Which was more, we believe, than were issued either to
the Okdis or Standard, Evening Papers.

IMMO
fliv.llll
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pom

RION WATEN AT LONDON 11110011. it.
Tsui W.posi IA Artiwia.32 W.W
—MAW&la.wi 11U!100141. tW. IMat O.

LONDON. FRIDAY, MARCH 31.
TUE revolutions of the present epoch differ essen-
tially from those which have broken forth at any
former period of history. We have already alluded
to the small and insignificant part played by the
military in the several outbreaks and catastrophes. In
Prussia, where the force of the military was most relied
upon and most actively called for—even there, more
than anywhere else, the powerlessness of the armd
andy to
stem the popular current, when it is truly broa
deep, and swelled by all classes, was most fully de-
monstrated.
Another remarkable characteristic of the recent re-
volution is, the utter absence of any religious or anti-
religious feeling. In both our revolutions, and in both
the French revolutions, religious feelings, motives, and
communities played a great part. Of late
we have scarcely perceived them. The Jesuits
indeed have been dislodged at Lyons, and in
Vienna and the Italian cities ; but this was
exclusively in their political character, and even
then without any symptoms of vindictiveness or
frenzy. Everywhere the secular clergy have gone
with the nation, and have had no feeling distinct from ;
it. This is an important fact; for it shows that
whilst religion has kept or reconquered its place and
influence in society, and even in French society,
the influence of monkery or political religion has dis-
appeared or is about to disappear altogether.
Much of this is due to the noble character and
policy of Pius IX. For he it was, after all, that
gave the first shove, the chief impulse, to the present
universal and onward movement. Talk of catholicism
being retrograde !—the Pope has proved himself the
first and greatest revolutionist of the century.
Pius IX. has reconciled catholicism with liberty,
and thereby has done mote for it in
the generations that are coming, than
all
the court influence that Jesuits ever won. When we
recollect the bold remonstrance of IioMILLY, Arch-
bishop of Milan, against the massacre of the popula-
tion by the police, and the solemn masses performed
by the Pope for the souls of the victims, we must ad-
mit that the upper u well as the lower clergy of Italy ,
hdaeldsoonre about
wthitheirdeedupotyticinelasiloiesngianginst
th
insurrection, and establishing national independence.
It must be admitted, by whoever has observed the
march of catholicism, that it has suffered immensely
during the last centuries by allying itself with the
the
pheobepralle.l
Whilst such mistaken policy sunk catholicism, its
great protestant rivals rose by siding and sympa-
&Ming with, and even forming, the great popular
party. It has become now the new policy of a
great portion of the catholic leaders, to abandon
altogether the despotic and government side
of opinion, and to fling itself into the sym.
1 pethies of the intelligent popular classes. Does
it not behove proteetantism to do the same ? If catho-
licism metamorphoses itself advisedly from being a
despot's creed tad a state religion, into a popular sen-
timent and a free manifestation of intelligence, would
it not be highly imprudent in protestantism,
or in the leading and influential sections of
protestantism, to quit the old popular fields
and paths, in which it conquered, to shut
itself op in a lofty understanding with courts,
in proud, exclusive sympathy and fellowship
with upper classes, instead of coming down into
the forum, and touching that mother and vulgar
earth which alone gives force and youth to creeds
and to men?
Events have proved that Puseyism was a move is
the wrong direction, that is, in the direction caw ,
pletely contrary to the tendencies of the age. Authority
msovereigns and pontiffe,charters and creeds, isdwind-
ling fast away. We may regret, but cannot recall.
The systems of enlightened and paternal despotism
in the political world have been shivered like glass.
Those commencements of similar fabrics in religion
have not stood an hour. Catholicism and its chief
abandon that old high ground to build lower down,
amidst the crowd and upon the popular eoil. Protestant-
ism must imitate or outstep its great rival. The days
of high priesthood, as of infallible pontiffs, are gone.
Whilst thus exclaiming against a despotic or aris-
tocratic system or colour of religion, we must be
allowed to add, that there never was a time in which
the planting, the deepening, and the invigorating of
religious belief and sentiment in a people were more
necessary than they are now; for although we see no
anti-religious prejudices in the several European
movements, we see an indifference to religion very
prevalent in many places, that indifference always
leading to aims subversive not merely of political
government but of the social frame.
This is meet natural. The moment an intelligent
pople cease to believe in a religious dispensation, and
ine the religious arrangement, management, and end
of the universe, it follows that the effort must be made
to reform and ameliorate human condition in this
world, so as to remove all suffering, and desti-
tution, and ill. Christianity explains the exis-
tence of these. The negation of Christianity cannot
admit the evils that result from individual
freedom ; and the first step which non-Christian
politicians take is to remove evil by suspending or
coercing individual freedom. This is the origin, this
the birth of communism, Fourrierism, Owenism.
They would make man happy by amputating his
will ; they would render him happy by declaring him
a slave ; and force him to be prosperous and moral
by yoking him to a social framework, where every
step is a necessary consequence and compulsion.
For our part we have no faith in any, such syschm itet
,
as we repudiate the great negative from whi
flows. We know of nothing so degrading and de-
preciating to man's nature as forced association.
Convents have been a curse ; and social convents,
which, however they may admit the union, or favour
the promiscuity of the sexes, still substitute conven-
tual discipline for freedom of individual action, are
to us worse than even political despotism. The first
and indispenaable condition to the development of
the human mind, of its intellect, its energy, its mo-
rality, variety, genius, and worth, is individual free-
dom ; and indeed without it, political freedom is
impossible. What the communists therefore seek to
eetabliah in Paris or Berlin is simply the mime of
Dr. Fesecia in lieu of that of FREDERIC WILL.Ltis
and LOUIE PUILU'RE.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.—TuvesDAT, MARCH 30.
The Brimless. took the chair at 4 o'clock.
PUBLIC RUSIN MS.
TETITIONS.-By Mr. C. LOSIIISOTOS. from Westminster, in favour
of the claims of the Rajah of Sattark-Mr. Cotruai,be from the
the name society
of Odd Fellows at Burton-upoe-Trent, praying to put on
footing ea other benefit sockties.-Mr. Dom, from Aberdeen, praying
for =venial suffrage.-Mr. ti. CIAWFOILY, from Linlithgow, for an
extension of the elective franchise.-Mr. AVISTET, from the attorneys
of London, and Sir E N. Bi mon, from the attorneys of Itornford, for
the repeal at the duties on attorneys'
oertincatek- Mr. Battu; from
Altos, Stirllngshfre, for the repeal of the rune laws, and from the
beer retailers end beer sellers of Manchester, praying
-Mr. for an equalit Or y
of rights sod ivileges with the licensed victuaue
m M.
sox, from the charitible societies of Manchester praying to IA re-
lieved front the legacy duties on bequests.-Mr. Co'wor, from the pm-
byteries of DonirrW, Ayr, and Hamilton, spawn the Diplomatic Re-
lations with Rune BUL--Sir E. N. Bemon, from the iithabiumts of
Chelmstord and Weltharmtow, wand as bureau of the national de.
,-Captslii Psenau, from Bickerton, surrey, In fmour of the
fences
allotment system.-Mr. Roma, from Cork, for the repeal of the le
lative union.
NOTICES OF MOTION.-CLWLANCII or EIiTATVA (IiULLAND.)-
Mr. P. Brawn on reading the order of the day for a 1:0111111ittet of
I.Upply to-morrow (this day), to more a resolution that the mode of
the clearance of estates existing in Ireland, by which numbers of r-
Immediate
ams were driven out of their occupations, stemmas the
attention of parliament.
Ykli1.1•11‘11TAIIT OATIIO.-Major BOSITOLD, more that it be
(erred to the 'elect matinee, en the Goths of members, W Inquire
and report in to the legality of the oath required to be taken by pro-
tenant members of this house.
NEW WRITS.
On the motion of Me. 011.00014, • new writ was ordered
for the election of a member to serve in the present pisrlia-
sant, f>r the county of Wicklow, in the room of Colonel
, Aston, who had accepted the office of steward of the Chiltern
hundreds.
Mr FREWEN moved a new writ for the borough
had 0111
Eye, in the room of H. M. Curteis, Esq., whose election
limo declared void.
Mr. HUME said that though this motion was made in the
face of a motion he intended to make that no new writs
should issue without previous notice, he would not interfere
in this case. He, however, hoped that the noble lord oppo-
site (the Earl of ;blare's) would that
t to-day the new
writ for Horsham, but consent to postpone the motion until
to-morrow (this day).
The Earl of MARCH said that as there would be some
discussion on the motion, he would consent to ha standing
over until to morrow (this day) at five o'c
The writ for Rye was then ordered.
WEST GLOUCESTERSHIRE ELECTION.
On the motion of Mr. G. BERKELEY, the petition of
inhabitant* and electors of the western division ef the county
of Gloucester, praying for further Inquiry into the interfe-
rence of the Lord-Lieutenant at the last election, or for the
repeal of the sessional orders of the house,"
be printed
with
to the
conduct of peers at elections, was entered to
the votes.
ILLNESS OF THE SPEAKER-ADJOURNMENT
OF THE HOUSE.
Lord SEYMOUR rose and said he had • motion to sub-
mit, which he was sure would meet the unanimous consent
of the house. It could not but be observed that the right
hon. gentleman in the c':-air was suffering from thhad une effects of
a severe cold, and knowing the great labour he der-
gone daring the whole of the session, he (Lord Seymour)
trusted the house would at once accede to his proposition,
that the house do now adjourn. (Hear, hear).
The Earl of LINCOLN seconded the motion, confident it
would be agreed to without a dissentieet voice. (Hear, hear,
from l .)
The al
members present then sees ea usaase and quitted the
house.
The house adjourned at lesauty minutes to 5 o'clock
until to-morrow (this day).

ELECTION COMMITTEE—Yes-reaper.
BODMIN.—The committee, having heard Serjeent
Wrangham for the sitting members, decided that the ra-
tion of the validity of the recognisance' did not come within
their jurisdiction. Mr. Serjeant King
lake then opened the
petitioners' case. The charges are, egainst Wyld, insuf-
ficient qualification, and against both him end Yr. Lacy,
corruptly influencing the electors by the didribution of ss.
tickets. After the examination of one or two witnesses the
committee sojourned to this day.
GENERAL COMMITTEE OF ELECTIONS.
Yesterday was fixed for striking the Cheltenham and
Leicester committees ; twit they were spin postpined pend-
ing the Election RecorrusancespiSL Dubbin' end
Longford, which-a-food-for hireday, were on similar grounds
postponed for a week.

WE view the condition of things in Ireland with
solicitude, but without alarm. It is impoeuible to
witness the efforts that are making by a certain
knot of reckless and desperate men, to dale and
delude the populace, without emotions of anxiety and
regret. We fear for the safety of the week and
the unwise. 'The study and the shrewd will take
care of themselves. Bnukgre are in every commu-
nity many whom disappointment has embittered, end
misfortune rendered melocatent, to say nothingotthose
who are liable to be carried away by the contagion of
example and the Tawniest vows of welklatilated
enthusiasm; and when to these are added, as In the
cam of Ireland then unhappily must be, a consider-

- -
-----_
'rill FIRST CLERIC OF TIM Hoods OF LORDS.—
The rumoured appotatmeot of Sir David Dundee in the
place of the late lamented Mr. Currey, as clerk assistant of
parlientent, is, we understand, triton i, and the name of
WOOLS!' gentleman, occupying a II racial Utsatioc, is cou-
ld's* inentioned ea likely to finuariOlibitat
BOOTH SEA Hoods.—A ok court of
the proprietor. of South Sea sto wee yesterday upon
the usual routine badness. The &elms:nor, C. ira nks,
Sm lest court were
read'and reallnned i and, ate the statement of the baud-
debt hattheen elm reed, the court adjeused. •

element of habitual discontent arising out of a
able
vicious social system it is vain to pretend that we
should look with stem,
or equanimity upon
what is paring betas our eyes. To us it affords
little satisfaction to be reminded that the exe-
cutive power of Ireland is vigilant and prepared
for every emergency that may occur. We take
granted. even without warning, it is their
that for
duty Ise to at all times; and it; the present case
there h toas been in all oonscience preluding! and me-
nice* enough to waken tie feast misgiving. But
what vall this to the question ? Our only appre-
hension is, that here and there throughout the
southern portions of the kingdom, the poor misguided
aitc7of those who spout and swagger in the metro
may dash themselves to pieces against
Like
iron trout of power. Among a population
like the peasantry of Munster and Leinster,
there have long existed secret societies for
agrarian objects, fruitful in the best of times of daring
deeds of violence, and capable of being turned with
fatal facility to still more sinister and suicidal pur-
It is for these that the United Irishman has
Cit bidding in all its diatribes against property and
men incentives to anarchical revolution. It is among
the Itibbonmen and the Molly Maguires that its
readiest listeners have been found. Hence the un-
concealed hostility and dread of Young Ireland-
ism—of which Mr. MITCHELL is the frankest
and most faithful preacher--entertained by the
catholic clergy. They know too well whither
secret associations—bound together by unlawful
oaths, and subjecting their members to the remorse-
less mandates of unseen and unknown directors—
uniformly tend. To whatever extent their political
advice or spiritual counsel operates, they uniformly
strive to keep their flocks clear =tersee nucleus of thin
deadly system; and to a great their efforts are
successful. But herein lies the danger—not to the
government, the idea is preposterous—but to the
peace of the country, and to the lives of the mul-
titude.
And hnce, no doubt, have arisen the silly rumours
which as such we noticed a day or two since, regarding
the constabulary force. A better disciplined or more
thoroughly reliable body of men do not exist in any
country. Recruited from all classes of the people,
and from every district of the kingdom, and officered
by men well acquainted with the habits and feelings
of the population, they have been rendered by educe-
cation and discipline singularly homogeneous and
,rveLlously efficient for the rapid and decisive re-
of crime, and the maintenance of public

Order.
We do not recollect a single instance in which they
have ever wavered before an outnumbering force, or
evinced the slightest symptom of demoralisation.
Side by side the ei-derant orangeman of Tyrone and
Terry Alt of Clare march in their green uniform
when ordered out on service ; and the lawless and
disaffected well know that they are indistinguishable
in the discharge of their duty. Hence the impudent
pretence set on foot by the sedition-mongers, that the
police were likely to fraternise with them. The
motive is obvious ; the snare is plain. To
work the credulous and unreasoning up to the
desired pitch of rashness, it is palpably essential to
raise vague feelings of doubt whether, after all, the
constabulary, numbering ten thousand men, are
staunch and loyal. Or if—as is perhaps more
likely—the loquacious teachers of insubordination
count upon being able to impose p
uon the overn-
ment by a paradeof their powers of mischiegf, it is
equally obvious that no device could be better suited
to promote their purpose. Fortunately it is not
likely to deceive either governors or governed.
And here let us enter our brief but unqualified
protest against the sena less and sanguinary cry which
it has been sought to raise by some of our contempo-
raries on this side the channel against the whole po-
pular party in Ireland. the other day we
were told with pain that it was much to be re-
gretted that corporal Punishment could not be in-
flicted legally on persons found guilty of sedition.
This is not the first occasion on which
the Times has been observed to have Rus-
sian tendencies. Every sentiment of decency
and justice is outraged by such suggestions ;
fittinge might, therefore, leave them to find their
place in public contempt and disgust but
every syllable of cowardly and brutal menace which
proceeds from English tongues or pens, in the present
Irritable state of public feeling in Ireland, is to be de-
precated as a serious evil. It is food—St and fair
we are bound to own—for those who seek to alienate
the affections of the people of Ireland from this coun-
try. If they could for a moment be taken as indica-
tive of the sentiments of any important section of the
British public,they would gofer to rally the sympathies
of all that is enlightened and humane in England
round a cause which hitherto has had nothing what-
ever to recommend it in their eyes. Nobody in Eng-
land believed that the proceedings of O'CONNELL in
1843 were justifiable or wise; but from the moment
he was made the object of an unjust prosecution at
law, his offence was half forgotten, and when he
appeared in public here he was loudly and heartily
cheered. Let SMITH O'BRIEN and his followers be
now fairly tried, and, if convicted, punished according
to the law already existing in bath countries, and
not a voice will be raised on their behalf. But
let any symptom of weaknese or cruelty on the
part of government be shown, and the cause of those
about to be tried will be redeemed from universal
contempt and condemnation. Let us have no new
law of treason made for this or any other occasion.
If Ireland cannot be governed by opinion, it cannot
be governed at all.

THE competition for farms has become so great that
English farmers are induced to take or hold farms
under conaitions alike unprofitable to themselves and
the community, lest they should be altogether with-
out an occupation. At the same time no lees than fif-
teen forests in England remain altogether unproduc-
tive in the hands of one of our public departments.
Such a misappropriation of land in the actual state of
this country is wanton and criminal waste. The re-'
turn of the income and expenditure of these forests,
which has been published, will show the general re-
sults of the management, or rather mismanage-
mi. nt, of this part of the public property; but a glance
at some of the details of management will place the
matter in a still more striking light. Let us take the
first on the list, the " New Forest," in Hampabire.
The New Forest contains 65.992 acres, of which
5,500 acres have been inclosed for the growth
of timber, and 2,307 acres have been
inclosed for other purposes. The whole extent of
land, then, which tias been attempted to be applied to
any profitable purpose does not exceed 7,807 acres
the uninclosed land amounts to 58,184 acres. On
this vast tract of land, in 1846, the last year for which
we have a return, there were kept 3,552 deer. A few
stunted ponies and diminutive cattle—which may be
curious to the naturalist, as showing, by contrast, how
much the horses and cattle, of which we are so justly,
proud, owe to care and abundant food, the result of
artificial cultivation—also obtain a precarious sub.
sistence. In the autumn some swine are turned into
the forest to pick up the acorns and beech-mast which
fall from the trees. The produce of " timber, &c.,
supplied for public purposes' is represented in the
return by the significant monosyllable " Nil."
,Persons having land near the forest have cer- Tits Btsnor OP Elms AND lux REV. 0. B.
tain rights of common, which they exercise Goaften. —Some time ago much attention was called to the
case of • clergynilal (the Rev. Mr. Gorham) who had been
by turning in cattle in the summer ; but titeth.!ridiiress of Iliareeta, bu.itzbo:
no
farmer ever thinks of sending any stock of fraropte'ree "mellow
liahes the following as the sequel of the opprenion i " It will
much value to herd with the miocellaneous occupants
of the forests, and the deer, the ponies, and the no be recollected (says the editor of that paper) that Mr. Gorham,
timber, form the main results from these 58,000 acres on his presentation by the crown to the vicarage of Scamp-
of unindosed land. This land is for the most part ford Spike, was subjected to an examination of several days'
continuance one ene extending tiff: elevettLhoand
summoneda half.
covered with furze and fern, demonstrating its capa ten -
city to grow corn ; for land which in a wild state pro- hi. Within the the daysLn Lad's end, toug enter nupon anotx ditZem-
dams furze and fern, invariably becomes, when culti- tenon with the bishop, for it has long ceased to be an ex-
vatted, good wheat land. amination, and after having replied to nearly one hundred
and fifty questions on the efficacy of baptism, Bishop Shill-
Nov, this tract, if inclosed and cultivated, would
.. potts has pronounced him unsound ia doctrine, and has
give profitable em
positively refused to institute him to the living at Brampford
ployment to capital, from Si. to 101
per acre, and would afford occupation to an immense Speke. It is understood that proceedings will lame-
number of labourers. The rights of common, now of diately be commenced and vigorously carried on against our
little value, would be extinguished, the owners receiv- rig
reverend diocesan. This oppressive conduct of the
lag compensations in land in the usual manner, and a Ms_ h p involves the most serious consequences to all lay
poretril t livings, ss well ss io the beneficed and other
large property of great value would be made available
to the public service, either by means of also- TY-SIX HOUSS IN A BMT-rt.—Yesterday morn -
lute sale, or by granting it out upon leases at In; one of those extraordinary beings who gain a prime:am
improved rents. The best mode of dealing with rat bsiMmos bypenetruting into the sewers of the metropolis,
this tract would be to make certain main and in search of coins or other valuables that may be WABWiAtO
secondary roads through it, and then, after dividing them through thildeattui was taken out alba main sewer, in
it into lots, . according to the nature of die havineadg
thirty-six hours mulls' ;lalosiring' - to find his way
soil and situation, 50 to 500 acres, to offer it far out, which, from having advanced further than •14/ his stir
yortaaataty, his mils were heard by Mr. Tickle, cheesenson-
male by auction. In this way a large amount would tom, to recover some favor that had been dropped down a
be naiad, and an unproductive waste converted into vatic( user the Seven Dials, he was unable to accomplish.
a thriving scene of industry. A ooeveapondent com-
plains that " a great evil of the extensive waste of the fi", et the mner of nee7"-eteset end Br.o•44treet, 01,Pc-
te wham house there as • man-hole, which he hest cal-
New Forest is that it i:jrarsles a Populous and rich trived to climb ; and, amiseasses Wait pnscexed, he was
district of the north Leap re from the coast, liberated.

in a trice.
In addition to the civic guard, the government is
about to assume the offensive against certain active
leaders of the clubs, by a revelation of their relations,
pecuniary and other, with the ex•government. This
war, both of paper and police, waged between the
government and the clubs, will have the effect of
giving the Parisians fresh confidence in their tem-
porary rulers.
1 'The provinces cause more disquiet than the capital.
In Lyons the commissary is even more embarrassed
by the operatives than M. Louts BLANC in the
Luxembourg. And the Gironde is in a state of open
disaffection to the republic, which it will require
more address than the government commissaries seem
to have to remove. The Constitutionnel published a very
circumstantial account of conversations with delegates,
in which M. LEDKU ROLLIN expressed himself most
dictatorially. But, as we yesterday observed, M. LE-
I DRU ROLLIN has abated somewhat of his ultra-repub.
lic zeaL
Perhaps the most untoward event in the provinces
is the circumstance of a mob of operatives having
assembled in Rouen, and having proceeded to the
gaol for the purpose of liberating BLANCHARD, the
ruffian who set fire to the railway-bridge over the
Seine. The national guard of that populous city, and
the military, both showed such lukewarmness and
want of zeal, that the mob succeeded in releasing the
prisoner, thus triumphing over the force publique
and the cause of order.