The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-08 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1847.

people indignant at the part which their country
mos about to be made to play:—the example of
!hawingtaking the lead in supporting a liberal Pope,
the growth of Italian regeneration—
fear that even the colossal machinery of oor-
raption which they wield will not prevent the French
nation from prevailing over that of the small fraction
ant which M. Guirot calls the "legal country," and i
the too probable frustration of the dynastic hopes at ,
Madrid, leave the councils of St. Cloud at this moment
in a state of most unenviable perplexity. Hence the
eantradietion and inconsistency apparent in their
To-day the Pope is a firebrand, issuing
=litia.ry protestations, and disclosing diplomatic
secrets to set Italy in a dame. To-morrow he is the
sage Pius IX., steadily pursuing the glorious course
of political and administrative reform. To-day the
columns of the Debate are filled with fears lest his
holiness should go too far, and raise around him
the horrors of anarchy. To-morrow the came
whim= are filled with hopes for the steady
perseverance of Pius the Ninth in his noble
minion of political and social reform. To-cloy the
journal of Louis Philippe protests that Austria is in-
spired by the most friendly intentions, and does no-
thing
.but exercise her just rights. To-morrow the
same journal is sorry that the measures of Austria at
Ferrara are so brusque and inopportune as to afford
apparent ground of offence. Such vacillations are
the natural and necessary consequences of correspond-
ing undulations in those councils of which the court
journal is the recognised organ.
The popular movement which had been manifested
for several nights in the neighbourhood of the Palais
Royal was in a great measure abated. The crowd on
Saturday night, though considerable, was much less
than on the preceding evenings.
Only two Journals—the Union Monarehique and
the Courrier Francais—remark oa the changes just
ordered in the administration of Algeria. The former
admits that the alteration is certainly an improve-
ment, bat complains that the government has not gone
far enough. The Courtier Francais is infinitely more 1
discontented, declaring the whole proceeding to be a
mere mockery, to lead the world to imagine that the
pruning-knife has been usefully applied, when in
reality it has scarcely touched the tree. Our contem-
porary concludes its article as follows:
To recapitulate, we have to say that nothing has been
done. The new ordonnances maintain the military supre-
macy, and the system of zones, with the Arab bureaux, in-
creasing the number of employee, under the pretext of sup-
pressing some of the posts. They augment the confusion of
the service, without adopting any new administrative mea-
sure. They create neither civil institutions nor municipal
ones—they do not even, in displacing what is arbitrary, im-
prove its organisation. What, then, is changed in Africa?
A governor-general has been appointed, who will wait for
his emancipation by a viceroy, and who has an account of
two milliards already expended, and of a hundred thousand
men destroyed, of whom France deplores the lose!
It is affirmed by L' Union Monarehique that M.
Bacourt is appointed to the embassy at Madrid.

perhaps better—known, both as a surgeon and an
author. His profession owe Mr. SODTH a debt of re-
sect and gratitude for his translation of " Mauve'
alone. It was not against the men but the system
which prevails in our great hospitals that our re-
marks were directed, and with regard to the system
Mr. SOLLY is silent.
The charge we brought against St. Thomas's Hoe-
pital—and the majority of the metropolitan hospitals
—was, that there is no officer present in any of them
at all hours, fully qualified and fully authorised to
perform the capital operations of surgery. Mr. SOLLY
in his letter states that Mr. WHITFIELD, the resident
seediest officer, saw Mr. CRAWLEY immediately :on
his admission; and that Mr. Sorra saw him only ten
minutes later. But Mr. SOLLY does not add that Mr.
WHITFIELD was authorised in all needful cases to
CZthe more serious operations of surgery ; nor
state how often and for what length of time
the surgeons so authorised are to be found at the hos-
pital daily ,With these important omission", Mr. Soma,
must forgive us for suspe.ctmg a little want of candour in
his letter, and for inferring that the charge, which he
does not contradict, ie well founded. Mr. SOLLY has
tacitly admitted that the hospital is frequently and
systematically left without the presence of a person
qualified and authorised to perform capital surgical
operations—an arrangement which perils the safety
of patients, and is liable to injure the reputation of
surgeons. In showing that Mr. CRAWLEY's case
received Immediate and skilful attention, Mr. SOLLY
merely shows the result of a fortunate accident. Mr.
CRAWLEY had the good luck to be shot about the time
when the chief surgeon is in the habit of visiting his
cases in the hospital; had he been wounded at mid-
night instead of mid-day—or indeed at any hour
except that at which the hospital surgeon's other
engagements permit his gratuitous attention to the
sick poor in the wards—will Mr. SOLLY say that
gentleman, fully competent and authorised to upsets,
would have seen the patient " within ten minute"!
Mr. SOLLY will not, we suspect, venture to NINA
anything of the kind. The present hospital system
renders it imposaible ; and therefore, the public good
demands, and we have required, the re formation of
that system.
The origin of an arrangement which so materially
diminishes the efficiency of those noble institutions,
our metropolitan hospitals, is to be sought in the
unwise extension of the "advice gratis" system. At
present the surgeons and physicians of our hospitals
act gratuitously. Even the proverb reminds us that
we must not look a gift horse in the month. An
plc rags
appointment may procure its holder some
. .
as a medical teacher; it is supposed (how
erreneowdy many an hospital teacher can tell) to
be an introduction to general practice; but to
counterbalance these slender and precarious ad-
vantages it entails upon the surgeon great sacrifices of
time, and thought, and labour. He acts, to all in-
tents, gratuitously, and he is aware of it. He feels
that in giving one or two valuable hours daily to the
service of the suffering poor, he makes no ordinary
sacrifice at the shrine of humanity. He cannot be ex-
pected to be at his post night and day.
Perhaps on no other terms could the hospitals ob-
tain even this amount of co operation from the high
names in the medical profession now associated
with them. But, surely, it is not too much
to ask that, in the absence of these honorary
officers—that during the twenty, or two-and-
twenty, hours when they must necessarily
be absent—a fully qualified and fully authorised
officer should be on duty ready to put in operation all
the means and appliances which modern science sup-
plies for the alleviation of human suffering. The
means of effecting the change is simple: it only re-
quires that the present medical staff shall waive the
exclusive right they claim to operate upon the
patients, and that the governors shall consent to
.pay
for the requisite assistance. Our wealthy hospitals
cannot object with any reasonable grounds to
an increased expenditure so indispensable to
their efficiency. It is unreasonable to look for
gratuitous services from medical men any more than
from lawyers. The magistrate of a police office, the
judge of a county court, the recorder of a provincial
city, are all remunerated for their labours. There
goes as much expenditure of money and intellectual
labour to the making of a competent surgeon or phy-
sician as to the making of a competent lawyer ; and
the assuaging of human suffering is surely as import-
ant an end as the punishment of human crime. The
judges we have enumerated discharge their daties
regularly and punctually, because the society which
pays has a right to hold them to their work. And
with paid hospital assistants wo shall have the same
punctuality and regularity in the service of the sick
poor. " Advice gratis " is an excellent thing in
its way ; but our rich hospitals should not rely upon
it wholly when circumstances have proved itsfrequent
inefficacy in cases where instant aid can turn the
balance trembling between life and death.

The Madrid mails of the Ist inst. have been re-
ceived, with despatches which fully confirm all that we
announced on Monday and yesterday. There is an end
of the mission of Narvaez, and the fine frost-work of
St. Cloud and the Rae des Courcelles has melted
away before the indignant voice of Queen Isabella.
Salamanca, the Minister of Finance, and Sotello,
Minister of Marine, are all that remain of the
former cabinet ; and the authority to construct
another has been conferred on the former. It was
said, bat not officially announced, that Marshal
Narvaez was dismissed from the Paris embassy, and I
was about to leave Spain. The merciless and blood-
thirsty Pavia was also dismissed from the captain-
generalship of Catalonia, a province which he has
rendered a most revolting theatre of butchery. The
ordinances accepting the resignations of the retiring
ministers, and appointing others in their places, ap-
peared in the Gazette on the Ist. For the particulars
of the new cabinet arrangements we refer to the
letter of our correspondent which we give below. The
presidency of the council and the ministry of foreign
affairs,were not yet settled.

We have received from Italy no direct advices of
more recent date than those which we reported yes-
terday, but the German journals supply matter rela-
tive to the Italian question of considerable interest
and importance. The cabinet of Vienna has put
forth another manifesto in the Austrian Observer,
which we shall here give in extensor
The Roman journal, Bikineia, contains in its number of
Aug. 20, a long article concerning the affairs of Ferrara,
which is full of false statements, errors, and calumny. We
shall not follow this paper in all its errors, we shall merely
reproduce those which appear to us the most remarkable.
The whole question raised at Ferrara, and continued with
great vivacity in several Italian journals, and in some other
insignificant papers, is merely to know if Austria possess the
right of keeping up a garrison at Ferrara or not ? As the
positive sense of the article 103 of the congress of Vienna
phase this question beyond a doubt the Bib:tuck has no
ether resource but to equivocate on the meaning of the ex-
made use of in this article. This paper pretends it
ratirtlety to translate the word place by fortified town, and
fade it quite natural that the city of Rome should understand
tbeword place, by citadel alone. The Bilancia could have found
the real meaning of the word place in any dictionary, it it had
felt the least desire to know the truth. Besides, it is evident,
that if, in drawing up this article 103, they had had the real
intention of limiting the right of garrison, granted Austria,
to the citadel of Ferrara, this last word would hive most
certainly been employed, and not the word place, especially
as the same word place was employed for Comachio, where
there is no citadel. If it be thus proved that Austria has a
right to hold garrison in the towns of Ferrara and Comachio,
all the difficulties which have been occasioned by some mea-
sures recently adopted by the commander-in-chief of Ferrara,
and which were but the application of the order of service
existing in every army to that of Ferrara, vanish. The
Bilancia seems to have comprehended that it could
but be refused on this ground, and so hastens to choose
a better position. It quotes the protestation of Cardinal
Gonsalvi against the article 103 of the congress of Vienna:
of this congress, in which it must be owned the great powers
of Europe treated the lesser ones in ouch a manner as the
favourable opportunities of victory enabled them to do. The
Bilancia gays, in another passage, " we are willing to go
beck to the treaty of Vienna, and in repeating with respect
the august words of our sovereign, we will boldly say that
the time is now come in which we must give certain pro-
testations, made in the very beginning, their full effect, as
justice requires it at ourhande." As this imprudent decla-
ration of the Bilancie is of a nature to indicate clearly the
springs which have set in motion the .parties so greatly in-
censed by the events of Ferrara, it behoves us to examine
thoroughly the character of the protestation here mentioned.
Three days after the signature of the final act of the congress
of Vienna,viz.,June 12,1815, the plenipotentiary of the Pope,
Cardinal Gonsalvi, delivered two protestations. In one the
cardinal protests against every disposition contrary to the
catholic faith, and to the rights of the church. It contains :
Ist. The non-re-establishment of ecclesiastical principalities,
attributed to diver's, temlforal princes (catholic or not catho-
lic). 2nd. The non-restitution of ecclesiastical property left
in the hands of the new possessor'. without the co-operation
of the legitimate authority, and the non-re-establishment of
the holy Roma empire. In thp second protestation, the
cardinal returns thanks, it is true, in the name of the holy
Father, to the monarch who restored to him the patrimony
of Saint Peter, but at the same time he protests against the
non-restitution to the holy see of the province of Avignon,
the Comtel Venaissin, and a part of the legation of Ferrara,
situated on the right side of the Po, as well as against
the right of garrison, granted to Austria, in the
places of Ferrara and Comachio. It suffices to cast
' an eye over the series of objects against which
the court of Rome then protested, to be convinced that it
was then desired to attack the irresistible force of things
which had shaken the very foundation of European ender,
and changed the form of this part of the world. It is evident
that the protestation of Cardinal Gonaalvi could merely be
considered as • formality commanded by the ancient wadi-
lions of the Roman curie, as reserves which bad been made
after the peace of Westphalia in 1649, that of Alt-Ranytett
in 1707, and of Baden in 1714. It is really in this point of
view that the powers assembled at the congress of Vienna
considered the act of protestation made by Cardinal Gar
ealvi, refusing to allow it any political value, and merely
placing it among other acts, maintaining still the dispo-
sitions it attached. If, to-day, the Bilancia endeavours to
give a practical value to the Roman protestations of 1815, it
is evident that the right of garrison at Ferrara is not the
only one brought forward, but that the question leaves the
narrow limits of a discussion between the commander of a
fortress and the local authorities, to be brought to the large
field of the European treaties, by which a new political
order was founded in 1815, after the disasters of the most
stormy times.
The Nuremburg Correspondent, under the date of
the 2nd inst., takes up the question as regards Frame.
That journal affirms that Franoe having acknowledged
the right of Austria to garrison Ferrara and Coma.
chio, it follows that the occupation of Ferrara cannot
Canna any step on the part of France. It is Pertain,
it says, that M. Guicot has not protested, and wiff not
protest, against this poceeding. It goes on to say
that, on the contrary, Fromm has called on the poli-
tical government to consider the incontestable
of Austria, and to take no ulterior measures ;Iva
shall revive a tendency to increase the excitement is
Italy, to forbear from protestations, and to condoet
the affair by the way of diElomacy. As to diplomatic
negotiations, M. ()mot rejects all'mediation of third
parties, being sure that Austria acts in this business
without any arriere-perusee.
The Augsburg Gazette, under the date of Rome,
the 26th, says that Romagna is still in a state of the
greatest agitation, in consequence of the occupation

THE notion that a peer of France could in no case
be sent to prison without an order from the chamber
appears to have been a mistake in point of law on
the part of the officers of justice who had to deal with
the Dec de PRASLIN. While that notion was current,
however, a good deal of virtuous wonderment was ex-
pressed in this country at the exorbitant privilege of
the French peerage. Even had the idea been correct, it
was evident that the privilege was one more of show
than reality, for the offender if not sent to prison was
guarded in his own house. But the privilege accorded
in England to all legislators to abstain from paying
their just debts with impunity is not neanmlised in
anchweay.
decision pronounced yesterday by Mr. Justice
WILLIAMS will, in all probability, renew the contro-
versy as to the expediency of exempting members of
the legislature from arrestment for debt.
Viewing the question with reference to the interest
of the general public, we are averse to all restrictions
on the choice of electors. Moral disqualifications
ought to be left to operate by the aversion which they
inspire in the breasts of the electors. As a general
rule, men who cannot take care of their own pro-
perty are not the most trustworthy guardians of that
of the nation; but exceptional cases are conceivable—
MIRABEAU, for example, and Fox—and the nation
should be allowed to have the benefit of them. . .

Viewing the question with reference to the rights
of individuals, on the other hand, we can see no
reason for withholding from creditors of members of
parliament any of those means of compelling
payment which they may use against other
debtors. It would, doubtless, be annoying to his
constituents to lose the benefit of their Insolvent
patriot's talents in debate by his being immured
within the walls of a gaol. But this would be one of
the risks to which they made up their minds in
choosing him. The member of parliament liable to
the squalor carceris would only be on a par with the
member of parliament liable to be enticed
from his poet by the fascinating romance
of crowning or nu-crowning foreign sovereigns.
The excuses for absence of the member
pining in a debtors' prison, and of the mer-
cenary engaged in the civil broils of other nations,
are about equal in point of respectability ; and as we
have known constituencies satisfied with the one, why
should there not be constituencies satisfied with the
other ? The electors of a gentleman liable to arrest
for his debts would have their choice of dispensing
with a representative for a time, or of ensuring his
services by paying what he owes. Thinking so
highly of his qualities as a statesman, they could
never grudge the price. If they will have their pine-
apple, let them pay for it.
Practically, the question is likely to be settled by
the increasing power of the industrious chases, and the
diffusion of education among them. The citizen
virtues have grown in estimation with every exten-
sion of popular influence. Paying just debts is emi-
nently a citizen virtue. Without any change in the
law, the class of senators to which the FOIES and
SHERIDAtts belonged, and still more the class which
shares the vices o those distinguished men, without
any participation in their genius or public virtues, has
in our day -become nearly extinct.

[An ontnne of the following appeared in a portion
of our last evening's edition :]
Our Paris letters of Monday dwell on the agony
of indecision and the cruel embarrassment of
conflicting impulses under which those who hold
the reins of government in France suffer as respects
the Austro•ltalian question. Theenga... eats taken
on the eve of the Spanish marriages binding
them to look on passively at the immolation of the
hopes of Young Italy, as they have already done at
the absorption of Cracow—their own invincible love of
the quiescent fruition of power and the preservation)
of the stalu quo at home—the voice of the French

of Ferrara, and that the Pope has given notice to the
Attatrians to evacuate that city before the end of the
month.
The state of the population is such that the
slightest accident may give rise to a serious collision.

Advices from Berne to the 2nd instant have been
received. The debate in the diet on the expulsion of
the Jesuits was commenced, but not closed. It was
adjourned to the 3rd. The following is a resume of
the discussion on the 2nd:
__

The decree for dismissing General Pavia has been
already prepared, but Mazarredo declined to present
it. It will probably be gazetted in a day or two.
Meantime, this captain-general has sent a circular to
the bishops, recountintall the ill-usage the clergy hare
received at the hands of the rebels, and calling upon
them to exert themselves spiritually to check the
progress of immorality and rebellion.
Like a greedy schoolboy that, after gorging him.
self at a feast, stuffs hie pockets with the cakes and
apples he can no longer eat, Senor Mazarredo' up to
the last hour of his continuance in office, kept distri-
buting place and promotion to his clients. lie made
one of his aides-de-camp brigadier, and promoted fire
or six to the rank of chief of battalion.

The debate was opened by M. Ferrer, deputy from Zu-
rich, who, passing by the motives on which the order was
expelled from all the states of Europe, and declining to enter
upon an examination of their moral system, and their
writings, confined himself to a general view of their manner
of acting in the confederation. Their expulsion, he said,
was proposed by the canton of Argan, which, as • mixed
canton, was best able to appreciate the pernicious effects of
their mode of proceeding in Switzerland. The states in
which the order was established assumed that the ques-
tion involved much less the expulsion of the Jesuits than
the annihilation of the cantonal authority, but that it was not
difficult to prove that these states had fallen into an error.
Public opinion was against them, their presence excited dis-
turbance throughout the confederation, and yet they would
not yield any of their pretensions. Blood had been shed, and
they threatened to bring about a schism, which would be the
ruin of the country. Having no country themselves, they
could not have any patriotic feelings. After a few further
arguments, he declared that as the representative of Zurich
he should vote for the expulsion of the Jesuits from the
Swiss territories.—M. Fisher, from Lucerne, said he did not
rise to defend the Order of Jesus, but to declare that the
people of his canton would be ready at all times to defend
its independence and sovereignty. Having discussed the
question at some length, he concluded by saying that he was
charged by his grand council to declare that the govern-
ment and people of Lucerne would never acknowledge as
valid a decree of the Diet, pronouncing the expulsion of the
Jesuits. Lucerne wished for peace, but if forced to take up
arms to defend her independence, whether against the Diet
or against the free corps, she would not shrink from any mai- I
fire.—The deputies Mr Uri, Schwyz, and Underwald spoke
to the same purport.—The deputy for Glaris conceived
that public tranquillity in Switzerland demanded the ex-
pulsion of the Jesuits.—The deputy from Zug supported the
arguments of Lucerne.—The deputy from Fribourg pro-
nounced the proposition for the expulsion of the Jesuits
to be the most impolitic that could be conceived ; and, as
it must be considered as an attack upon the sovereignty
of the cantons, ought to be branded with reprobation.
History and treaties, he said, proved that the tranquillity
of Switzerland arose from the entire freedom of the con-
fessional. He then quoted the federal compact to 'stabil&
that the internal police of each canton was under its own
direction, and that the Diet was incompetent to interfere
with it; and that as to the Jesuits it was yet to be proved
that they did compromise the tranquillity of Switzerland.—
The deputy for Soleure stated that it was precisely because
his canton was entirely Catholic that it knew the distinc-
tion between the true interests of religion and the existence
of an order which, far from serving them, only tended to
compromise them. He maintained the competency of the
Diet to interpose in supporting the internal tranquillity of
the country as well as its peace with foreign powers. The
catholic religion, he affirmed, could exist without the Jesuits,
as was proved by the cantons of Soleure and Tessin, which
would have none of them; and by the cantons of Uri and
Untuwald, which, though without having any Jesuits,
nevertheless proclaimed themselves to be the best catholic
cantons of Switzerland.—The deputy for Blsle town expressed
the elearure he had felt at seeing Lucerne spontaneously
decide upon expelling the Jesuits, which, he maintained,
was a cantonal measure in which the Diet was not competent
to interpose. He drew a dark picture of the present state of
Switzerland, as being on the point of becoming a prey to fo•
reign powers, and entreated both parties to act with modera-
tion, concluding with quoting the motto," Mimi is strength.'
—The deputy for Basle country voted for the expulsion.—
The deputy for Schaffhausen spoke in a contrary sense.—
The deputy for Inner Aopenzell desired that the question
should be withdrawn from the order of the day.—The
deputy for Outer Appenzell was of opinion that the Diet had
the power of expulsion, and ought to exercise it —The
deputy for Saint Gall argued from a conviction that the
order was incompatible with the public repose of Switzer-
land, as history had proved that its principal object was to
contend against Protestantism, and, therefore, there could
be ne peace so long as the two confessions were in hostility
with each ether. —lt being then three o'clock, and there re-
maining nine other deputies to express their sentiments, the
debate was adjourned till the next sitting.

FRANCE.—Tice CANNON CASE.—Our readers will
recollect that very great sensation was created some time
ago by the discovery that M. Soyer, an eminent founder
with a vast establishment, bad made away with a great
quantity of cannon which lad been entrusted to him to melt
down into castings for the monument to the Emperor Napo-
leon, in course of execution at the /16tel des Invalides.
Soyer was selected to execute the work, partly on account
of his eminent standing in his profession, and partly because
he sustained heavy losses in the casting of the column of the
Place de la Bastille, which he executed for the govern-
ment. The quantity of bronze required for the Emperor's
monument was 103,967 kilogrammes, but the quantity
agreed to be delivered to Soyer was 116,4-13 kilos., the sur-
plus being to make up the deficiency which would arise in
reducing the bronze tato the state called Keller bronze,
which was considered necessary. The amount he was to
receive for the execution of the work was 448,017 fr. In
May, June, and July, 184.5, 96 cannons said to be taken
from the enemy, weighing 115,101 kilos, were delivered to
Soyer by the government. la 1847 information was obtained
that he had unlawfully. disposed of the bronze. Soyer, who
was in embarrassed circumstances, then took to flight, but
was subsequently captured. An examination having been
made, it was found that he had sold to different persotu,
and used in the castings of other statues, 115,085 kilo-
grammes of the bronze delivered by the government. A
certain quantity of it was subeequently seized in the pow*.
'ion of a person who had bought it ' • but the total lose to
the state was 108,830 kilogrammes 40 grammes of bronze
of the value of about 261,192 fr. 96c. Moreover, Soyer caused
a further lois to the government of 23,076 fr. 52e. by using,
for his own purposes, some castings fur which he had been
paid. In consequence of this he was on Friday brought to
trial before the Tribunal of Correctional Police. Two persons,
named Durdan and Decodes, who bad been in his service,
were brought to Mild at the same time, on the charge of
having assisted him in the illegal disposal of the bronze; and
two tradesmen named Robert and Dufayet were accused of
having purchased portions of it, knowing it to be unlawfully
obtained. The only point of interest in the interrogatory of
the prisoners was a reproach of the President to Sayer, that
he had improperly made away with " bronze coming from
the cannon which were the fruit of the Emperor's victories,"
and Sover's reply. that " more than forty of the cannon were
French', some being of the time of the republic, and bearing
the inscription in large letters of Libert, Egaliti, Frater-
nite." " Those," added Soyer, " were certainly not cannon
taken from the enemy." His defence was, that he considered
himself entitled to sell the cannon as an advance of feuds
from the government. After hearing some witnesses the
cue was adjourned for a week.
AN EXPENSIVE FRIEND.—A short time ago a
note of hand for 165 franca, given by M. Gilbert des Vole=
to M. Houssielux, a bookbinder, for work done, was die.
I honoured, and the payee, after the usual proceedings, ob-
tained a writ of execution for the amount, with the costs,
and sent it to be enforced at an apartment in the Rue de la
Forme des Mathurins, presumed to be the residence of the
defendant. When the huissiee entered with the warrant,
an English lady, named Wyatt, protested against the
'seizure, insisting that the apartment and rill that was in
it belonged to her, and, in evidence of her assertion, pro.
diced the lease, the receipts for rent, and a policy of
insurance, all in her own name. She further stated
that M. Gilbert des Voisin. was only a friend of
hers and her family's, and came there raerely as a visitor.
" But," observed the hnissier, " I see his portrait in
the only bed chamber, which also has but one bed. This is
' close friendship indeed !" He made the seizure, and the
I lady replevied. The suit in replevin came to a hearing on
Friday before the Civil Tribunal. Alter the whole of the
case had been laid before the court, the president inquired
whether M. Gilbert des Voisins had any other residence
The counsel for the original plaintiff stated that he had none
other. The counsel for the lady replied that he believed he
had, but did not know where it was, and requested that the
decision might be put off for a week to enable him to '.cer-
tain the fact. The President, however, declared that the
tribunal entertained no doubt of the legality of the seizare,
and pronounced against the replevin—so that M. Gilbert dee
Voisin', or the lady, must pay the bill with the accumulated
costs, or a sufficient part of the furniture must be sold to
produce the amount.
CRIME TN FRANCE.—A series of crimes has ing
been committed in the commune of Climate, arrondissement
of Salutes (Charente-Inferieure). A man named Bellot had
long lived on bad terms with his wife and daughter, and
continual quarrels took place between them, in the course of
which he generally made them the victims of his brutality.
On Saturday evening last he had a new quarrel with them,
and became so irritated at their language that he seized has
gun and shot his daughter in the back and the head. She
was not, however, so much injured as not to be able to take
to flight, accompanied by her mother. Ballot followed these
armed with a pitchfork, and, meeting on his way a woman
named Quire, stabbed her in the groin. He then ran into
the house in which his wife and daughter had sought shelter,
and rushing on his wife stabbed her in the bowels, causing
her death within a few hours. The daughter sought refuge
in a bed, but her father stabbed her in the arm with the
f
pitch ork . He then rushed ones young woman, named Perret,
to whom the house belonged, and, in spite of her supplies.
time, stabbed her in the arm and in the side. He next got
his gun and went in search of his wain-law, but fortu-
nately did net find him. He returned to his own house, hot
none of the inhabitants dared approach it, keeping them.
selves shut up in their own houses. At midnight, however,
an alarm of " fire " was raised, and it was then found that
BeUot's house was on fire. Ballot himself was discovered
extended lifeless near some straw, having blown out he
brains. Before hie death he had broken in his wine-cash,
and had scattered all his corn about. The atste of his
daughter and the woman Qukre is alarming, but the injuries
he inflicted on the woman Perret are not serious.
DISCOVERY OP GOLD COIN. —As some workmen
were a few days ago taking dawn an old wall at Beaumont
le Roger (Eure), they discovered in it a bag containing 153
gold pieces in a fine state of preservation. On some of the
pieces, which are quite round, are the words Rex Fran-
Cites.' on the ethers only a cross, but &us-de-lie are it an.
The value of each piece es about ten or twelve francs. Ths
little treasure is supposed to hare been secreted in the wall
about three centuries ago, when wars took place at
Beaumont.

MADRID, SEPT. I.

All the ministers, with the exception of Sotelo and
Salamanca, gave in their resignations yesterday, and
the Queen's acceptance of these is formally recorded
in the first column of to-day's Ga.tette, together with
the expression of satisfaction for past services. Then
follow four other royal decrees, appointing successors
and functionaries ad interim. Field Marshal Don Fer-
nando Fernandez de Cordova, Director-General of

Infantry, is named Minister of War. Don Patricio ;
de Is Escosura, Political Chief of Madrid and Cortes
Deputy, is named Minister of the Interior. Field
Marshal and Cortes Deputy Don Antonio Roe de !
Olano is named Minister of Commerce and Public 1
Instruction. And the Portfolio of State is committed
ad interim toDon Antonio Caballero, Under Secretary
of State. The above three ministerial appointments, I
with Salamanca remaining at the head of the Finance
Department, and Sotelo Minister of Marine, leave
two places in the cabinet vacant, the ministry of
Grace and Justice and that of State. The first of
these has been offered to Senor Garcia Goyena, who
is absent from Madrid; and for the other, three
names are put in circulation—General Alaix, now
at Malaga; the Duke of Fries, at Arechavaleta ;
and Senor Ayllon, at Lisbon. Alain is, I am informed,
the first to whom offers have been sent. His answer
is not yet known, but he is expected at Madrid to-
morrow or the day after. If he accepts, five oat of
the seven ministers will be military men—General
Alaix, Cordova, Roe, and Sotelo, and Lieutenant
Rscosura, a combination for the rest not uncommon
in Spain, where arms are to the future parvenu what
the toga is in England, and the pen in France. In
taking leave of the Pacheco cabinet a retrospective
glance over its merits may not be untimely. The
great hopes that were entertained at the birth of
this ministry were founded less upon the fine pro-
grammes continually put forward by the puritan party
in the press and parliament, and less upon the
personal qualities of its president as a statesman, and
of Senor Salamanca as a financier, than upon the ge-
neral popular conviction that the arbitrary and re-
actionary system of the moderados was now at an
end, that the hour of peace and reconciliation between
parties was arrived, and that the new era would be
distinguished bj toleration, by the development of
liberal tendencies, and by essential administrative
reforms. I will not speak here of the damage which
the Pacheco ministry received at its outset by the
peculiar circumstances under which it accepted power.
What harmed it probably not less was, that it carried
from the beginning, from its heterogeneous
composition, the seeds of speedy dissolution
in its core. The chief of puritanism gained
bat little in public estimation by accepting
as fellow-workmen for the constriction of his theories
men who bad stood hitherto in the list of his avowed
and bitter adversaries. This fact alone is sufficient to
explain the failure and the downfall of the Pacheco
cabinet. The ultra-moderados, who formed part of
it, did not unite with their head a jot more for join-
ing his ranks. Their convictions remained precisely
the same as before, and they made use of their new
position to frustrate the projected reforms of their puri-
tan colleagues. Hence the absence of oneness of pur-
pose, :the frequency of crimes, the anarchy of action
which marked this administration. The promises
made of strict observance of the law, reparation
of wrongs, &c.' were utterly disregarded. But
the ministry had one redeeming feature—to-
lerance,—which covered a multitude of sins.
It was this compensating virtue that supported the
weakest government that Spain has seen for many
years, through immense difficulties. Attacked vio-
lently by all parties in the press; menaced by the
ultra-moderados with insurrection; having to wrestle
with the intrigues of the Pardo; obliged to send the
mass of its military resources into Portugal and Cata-
lonia, so that at one moment it is known that the gar-
rison of Madrid did not amount to more than 2,000
men; this principle of tolerance was the rock of their
salvation. The five months of their administration
have been remarkable for the singular quiet of the
capital and provinces (if we except the thea-
tre of the Carlist rebellion) in a land so
famous for pronunciamientoe and popular disturb-
anoes. I have neither time nor space to speak of the
separate achievements of the different ministerial de-
partments, nor indeed have any cliiplayed much
activity but that of finance. The fl soel administra-
tion of Senor Salamanca will be at least memorable
for the decrees which have abolished internal custom-
houses and gate duties, as well as for having saved
the Bank of San Fernando from the rain] to whose
verge it was brought by the ruinous prodigality
of Mon.

GERMANY.—PRUSSIA.—THE Dm.—TheDte-
erldorf Journal states that it has been resolved in the highest
quarter that the members of the Prussian Diet shall be ren-
owned every two years. This report is repeated in several
journals, but it wants confirmation.
RUSSIA.—It is intimated from Stockholm the
the Rued= ambassador there, Baron von Krudener, hd
left by steamer, Prince Menschokoff, for St. Petenbiug
where, it appears, that the large meeting of Russian diple
mange and statesmen, several times spoken of by the num
papers, is now to take place, and to which meeting
Mapasty the Emperor has summoned several of the amber
radon from the principal German courts of Europe.
ARCHANGEL.—THE LASE CM AmITOUS FIRE.—
Rix hundred and eighty houses have been burnt to the
ground. The greatest credit is due to all parties for that
activity in siding to extinguish it. The crews of the new
vessels, especinlly the English, rendered immense *rim,
exerting themselves to the utmost amidst the raging Atom
The reflection of the flames was visible at a distance el 7a
wersts. The sufferings of the poor are very great-5
burg paper.
THE CHOLERA.—The St. Petersburg Gaulle pub.
Eases the following details of the course of the cholas
hate the Transcaucasian provinces, where it stall en'
rails, but not with any great intensity. The disease wee
brought by the pilgrims of Trebisonde from Herat t Same'
and, in September, 1845, and into Bulgaria in November
following. Thence it advanced as far as Teheran; this
it raged with great violence, and after the 12th Jere
1346, carried off as many as 300 people a•day. This
who were attacked dropped suddenly down in a Atli
of lethargy, and at the end of two or them hams
expired without any convulsions or vomiting', but free s
complete stagnation of the blood, to which no remedies
could restore its circulation. From Teheran, the cholas
visited successively Ispahan, Shiraz, and Bagdad, Or
made still greater ravages. From Bagdad it was earned m
in December by the pilgrims to Mecca. It was on the 211d1
September, 1846, that it made its first appearance at Tam*
and on Oct. 29 attained its height, carrying Off i° th
it
at
abort interval no fewer than 6,000 victims. Ice Pass
has been observed that the direction of the wind des
no influence on the scourge, which was extrel
capricious and irregular, sometimes passing over largeOa
wide districts without leaving any trace of its passer..
Oct. 16, the first symptoms of the disease were perm". r
Salyut in Tnumcaucasia, but it was ler virulent then It
other countries. During the summer of 181 G it &prim
also at Tiflis, but made less ravages there than Ile
where ; for, notwithstanding the great beat, the noels'
of persons attacked did not exceed six, and the dm*
were only one a day, out of a population of 60,000 MIL
In all, between May 30 and June 12, there were 164 mess
and 67 deaths, that is little more than one death foe nog
1,000 inhabitants. In this city (Tiflis) the disease he coy
rind off nesa bat those of the lower classes, which sesj.,_lo,
attributed be their irregular manner of livirg, and the
=they tack to guard against it. Although Wetkof
bra several cases of cholera at Tiflis, the rmf..;
Laud km met bra struck with the panic which La Irr•
made then obardlea their heroes, bat they rerrawl
re
upon the SIMMS biker to err the disease by the at!
rules. la the ooutawr. ea all Teel *WM St err, r
resslemi preentleas bare ben se ell airl thee
end it JOI, dee balletie arriaoi as sew arsa.
theirs beg soma fa Ilk Nese el 11
ebeassi psis et kaarallalli :1
trulirihrk elm Hoe el the Clasetees art the olio
met at the ark the, set the slighted indleatio Oho
disease bad hem elmwrwel.
POLAI4II.--Wassew, Aro. 26.—11ie ereak
Emperor is espellei hark en account of the great rawsa
that are to take Are be Or vicinity of Warw. The Pt
moor of this &Meal le a command to all households, 10

A batch of 25 senators, created by decree of the
16th, appeared in the Gautte of yesterday. Among
them is Vaamende, late Minister of Once and Justice.
In Catalonia, various skirmishes have taken place
with bodies of the Carlists, in which the latter have
been genTirolt=ersed, losing three or four killed,
and nine