The Express.
London, England, 1853-04-18 00:00:00

'rice Y. C. per @wt. H 4.0.4 ed. I

1)0. Town

4i.: J.

38.. Od.

Arrivals for the week ending 26th April last year, 1,126
casks; and delivery, 1,197 casks. The arrival last wick
comprised 1,160 casks from Aworajio.

S OUT IV !e;RK POTATO NI ARKET.—T HIS
Since OUT last rcioit the market has been largely =applied
both coastwise and by rail, trade very heavy. The fol-
lowing are this day's quotations : York Regents, 110 s. to
Lincolostire, 901. to 1205.; Scotch, 107 s. to 1 ;
Scotch reds, 85s. to 100 s. ; French whites, 86s. to 105 s.

BOROUGH HOP MARKET.-THIS DAY.-

Messrs. Pattenden and Smith report that there is a gra-
dual demand for consumption for Hops of last year's growth,
of which the supply on offer is small; there is also a specu-
lative trade for old Hops ; late rates for all dcseriptiora are
well supported.

ILERICAL, NIEDICAL, and GENERAL LIFE
A33CIANCIL SOCUMT,

"Ayr posy- 1.. "awe.' ; iheladMl awry. Vv.!.
Se wall .1 5131...:. et. Wed to IM Karim podiatry • Mau&
vs/71,41 wt." U. Wier v ate. fru.n 212 to 1.2 pr c 1. oa she pre-
aloft* paid .I.l.ltig be See pans or trays th to SI- les. ter oat. ea
as ass mos& . .

Sn• now. .nass el pr.& &viol 4. in Want mar, hire .'.!M
• n•.. d 1/41.. t As.Uttliti rat hr.r.t.r
r ',Meta 1011.0% WIIIIOCT ANY Llsll.
urt Olt VMS 01 PARTNEI6IIII. . -

ItM it.Tl w. 161.past..vost--- tor uotitot are 3 tan to ty tt au o r
SOL
I,I%.ILI:)LIVLS soy Lc :Nand 4 r tr. prepor•.i ted to tLe
t Alma Fat t OAK, hips attrr pr of of &Ala, and ti. Potterer, ore
lat NAM' • est pt e.,•44 fr_otl.
't Rot yort'. t si. rt Jas p v tot) as De ob•oinet: (re •of
tik tht.r. 11. 1 ESC KA WI. otorttay.
W..t, Stu. o • ury, die.

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u. #.

To COEli6irOa 1."4 la 7

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I it- it inrtt:ll.ll IMITZ!!
lin ores; ....thy to, i olay weal. '. e

.^r " •• .. my" e "gra seer,
le. • 7.7 Two e't: as lid J.

DIOR WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
l'as• Ss. sub. ..—.p
. .I—Numusi. zo.. ...... Allercoon. 114 Val.

Lf AIONDA , APRIL 18.

To-rattinT we are to have the llinh:et. Whenever
Taxation becomes the subject of parliamentary dis-
cu.sion we cannot help remembering a curious
country house which occupied a prominent situation
on a hill mar a once much-frequented couch road.
Built in defiance of every principle ut architecture,
it conveyed ta those wlto beheld it from the outside
the idea of irretrievable confusion. The dashing
cenletiman of the day ie.ed to CXplaill t 4) filletiSta on the
b:ix-scut that Confusion Hell, as the lion.se was nick.
named, was the result of the taste for building of a
Squire whe:e original income was narrow, while his
rich relations were numerous. When his first legacy
came in in Luil, a dining-room in hi iek ;when the next,
he added a hall in stone; the third produced a wing for
stattlicg, and su mi,—the Squire being always guided
by the :dimwit he had to spend. and the addition he
hnppened to fancy at the moment. 6e), although he
had everything that should belong to a country man-
slim of the first etas, there vies nei!her order nor con-
nexion is the arrangement. The kitchen opened into
the drawing-room, and the occupants of the library
were disturbed by the rattling of the horses chains
in the stable.

Such, when Sir RonEnt PEEL took the Budget in
hind in was our system of taxatiou—if that
could be called a system which had been laid
on piecemeal, with the temporary view of
raising the funds needed from the class,
that would be the least " impatient," and
satisfying the producers—taxed for the benefit of
so:ne cuss—by permitting them to tux some other
claps. Whether we dissect the inequalities of the
tax on successions by death, or weigh one against
the other, the respective illeOnCtllielltt and impolicy
of the exeise on soap, or on paper, or on hops, or the
custowe on manufactured goo& or agricultural pro-
duce, we cannot help coming to the one same con-
clusion—that a general reveler° of taxation is needed :
a revision in which from one central impartial point
of view the svanta and the capabilities of the country
she'd be considered by a statesman and financier
capable of grappling so l:rgc a question. Whether
Mr. Gextrerose is such a elan remains to be seen.
Hitherto a,l systematic reform of taxation has
been impeded b 7 the great struggle for the main
principle of Free Trade. We have only just entered
on whit may appropriately be en:led the " retail
dcp aunt to uf legislation." Although the principle of
elms legislation has been abandoned, class interests
survive. Tho agricultural interest, or those who
profess to represent the interests of agrieulture, have
not made up their minds to enter rationally into the
discussion of questions which equally affect all classes
of the community--certainly the tanners as much
as any. lf, here and there, a county member
seems inclined to treat financial legislation as a
matter of common sense business (the only way in
which rational legislators would wish to treat it
when once party tights were ended), there are oilier',
like Mr. NEWDEGATE, wto will be content with
nothing but a " Brstlyet of spi!e." They are not
content with such an arrangement as will be bene-
ficial to all classes, but they are anxious fur changes
which will do the agricultural interest no good, be-
cause they hope it will do the manufacturing interest
some luirm. Fortunately the hopel of Chancellors
of tho Exchequer of the Newor.c eTE school have
been permanently buried in South Sea House.
One of the first measures needful fur the reform of
our taxa:ion would be a consolidation and simplifica-
tion of the taxes on property and income. In Purr's
time., when fen knew any thing about the principles of
finance, and when the great object of the Minister
was to raise money with as little grumbling as pas-
sib'e—with as much apparent variety as possible—n
number of very incongruous taxes were imposed.
The taxes on windows, on meu-servants, on carriages,
on horses, on hackney-coaches, and on post-horses,
are other inconvenient, unequal forms of a Property
and Income lax. Sanitary arguments repealed the
window tax, backed by strong town influence, in
which there were lurking hopes that the tax would
be altogether extinguished instead of shifted. Against
the assessed taxes on servants and carriages there has
been no very loud cry; yet they ought, in
any general reform, to be included in an
Income Tax, because as they stand they are a tax on
labour—discouraging employment. They are based
on the exploded idea of a sumptuary law. A tax on
horses is a tax on the farmer who breeds them, and
on his oats, hay, and straw—it is a tax protecting
miserable little ponies against useful horses that
might do fanners' work befote going into fashionable
employment. A tax on carriages, with a ridiculous
exception in favour of certain low wheels, is a tax on
the coachbuilders, journeymen, and smiths. The tax
on hackney coaches and post horses is paid partly by
the people who use them, and partly by the farmers,
for whose produce there is less demand, in conse-
quence of the check given to the use of horses and
vehicles. Yet we must continue these taxes until in

some general system a substitute is found in a more
jut Income Tax than we pay at present, or in some
other impost at once sound, easy of equitable assess-
ment, and productive.
In considering such internal taxes as thossoo soap
and paper, and such Customs dues as those on tallow,
oil, and other materials of the same kind, we must

remember that they have additional claims to the
consideration of the Legislature over and above
those resting on the enhanced price to the consumer
because the present system checks the development
of foreign trade. No trade ander Excise restrictions,
with its raw materials taxed, like soap, can extend
itself fully in foreign markets. As a manufac-
turing nation par excellence, it is our interest to
remit every tax which increases the price of
our goods in foreign markets, limits the employment
of shipping, and limits the demand for labour and
machinery. On such broad principles the Customs
duties that act as protective duties, ought to be con-
sidered. It is really pitiable to hear grave members
of Parliament striking a balance littween manufac-
turing and agricultural importations, as if the finance
of the nation were to bo regulated on the prin-
ciple of set-alt's in a disputed account. Among
the taxes on agricultural produce are several,
as, fur instance, on clover and other seeds,
which so far from being a protection arc actually a
tax on the farmer. The duties on butter, cheese,
and eggs, which are consumed most extensively by
the poorest classes, can no more bo &folded than
the duties on ,ilk, wearing apparel, and shoes, at a
time when hieh butter is being exported to Califor-
nia, and the supply of British poultry is notoriously
insufficient.
To go through the list of impolitic taxes and
duties were an endless task. It is sufficient to know
that a large sum of money must be raised to pay the
rept uses of the State. The question is how to raise
that rum with the least inconvenience to the whole
community, and to spend it with the utmost eco-
nomy. To solve the question should be the endea-
vour of all honest men among our representatives
witliffiit regard to old distinctions of class and party ;
and it Mr. GLAI.,TuNI: takts a Me step in 016 di-
rivtion I.( in a meat rinvoitit of pA.k ro-
intim and support. If, oa the 000 teary, ho should
not MOTO forward is IworadAnce with thu spirit of

popular int el ligrr.ce and pcblic de wands, the Ministry
will be in danger.

TILE "TIMES" AND 31. KOSSUTII.

The Times makes a tang and lame justification of
its charge against M. Kosiutb, main iain ing its ground
somewhat evasively. The following is the tally
decided assertion in the article: —" The refusal of the
minister to t xonemte M. Kossuth from the sus-
picion whith his friends were endeavouring to shake
off is at least strong presumptite evidence that
Lord Palmerston does not hold it to Le altogether
unfounded; and for the resent we must be allowed
to retain on opinion which was nut taken up on
light gratuals, and can only Le refuted by postive
evidence. For, whatever may hereafter be proved
on behalf of M. Kossuth, the essential facts of this
ease remain unexplained, and very much in need of
explanation."
The Leader sums up an able refutation of the
Tunes in the fellowing terms:
The Times stated that "a house occupied by M. 11,,F•
suth " was searched. The house searched w..s never
pied by M. Kossuth ; he was never in it. The Ti'.
stated that "arms, ammunition, and materials of war,"
certainly form " no part of the household goods of a private
gentleman." The materials of war" found were not

---
there as the househoLl goods of a prieete gentletnan ; they
formed part of the articles in a business factory. 7-he
Times stated that they might Lave n "the stock in
trade of a polisiaal in, endiary ;" they were the stock in tradt:
of an English trailer. The Time; stated that the pl.:parti-
tions were upon a scale entirely inentsistent with the
Wee of any private speculation." Tho scale nn which
the lt,therliithe works are now tarried OR is tle scale
reached fur the last live years. The Times stated that it
presumed the polies acted under a war:ant from the S. ere.
Lary of State the only warrant wed was an ordinary lion'-
street warrant, obtained upon a Lisa pretence.

IMPORTANT FROM OONSTAMINOPLE

A telegraphic despatch from Constantinople, ria
Trieste, states that alarming rumours were in eirim-
lation respecting tlia demands of P:inee Menschilioti
on the part of the Russian government.
It was reported that the Turkish government were
making great preparatious iu manning the fleet, and
had called out the militia.
Advices from Corfa state that a Turkish fleet,
consisting of 13 ships, was at anchor at Butrinto on
the Sth inst.

FRANCE.

PARIS, St XDAY Ev ENING.

The French Minister at the court of Prussia has
presented to the King his letters of recall.
The Second Danish Chamber has rejected the
state budget of 13,307,054 rix dollars, demanded by
the government, and passed one granting 13,006,176
rix dollars. The receipts are estimated at 13,795,198
rix dollars.
The Munileur publishes a decree, known to have
been for some time in preparation, making consider-
able changes in the organisation of public schools
(irgeecs). The decree, according to expectation,
raises the tariff of charges to be paid by families for
the university education of their children. M. For-
toul, in his report. to the Emperor, which pr, cedes
the dcetee, states that reforms recently introduced
into the University programmes have entailed an
additional expenditure of 310,0001 i.; that to cover
this deticieuey it is necessary either to increase the
grant made by the state to the 57 lyceums, which
already amounts to 1,500,000 fr., or to require
from parents who confide the education of their chil-
dren to the state, an additional payment. The Mi-
nister of Public Instruction has come to the conclusion
that the latter course should be adopted, upon the
ground that although within just limits it is worthy
of a great nation to make considerable sacrifices for
public education, it is equitable to require those fami-
lies which participate in the advantages offered, to
contribute a fair proportion of the expenses. Ile
is of opiuion that the sum now paid for
scholars beam no proportion either to the
expense actually incurred by the state, or to
the value of the instruction given, and that in
particular out pupils do not pay enough for advan-
tages is which they participate equally with
boarders. The augmentation now decreed (according
to a schedule to the decree) affects principally out-
pupils, who are in future to pay 103 f. Gite., instead of
tilt 20e. The average charge for boarders is even
slightly reduced, being OHL 71c., instead of 09If. 54e.
It is calculated that the increased charges will pro-
duce an annual sum of 793,000 f., which is to be
appropriated as follows: 518,0001. in augmenting
the resources of the lyceums, and 265,000 for the
eventual augmentation of professors' salaries. Great
difference of opinion prevails in the pulilie mind as to
the merits of this decree. Many think that families
will cheerfully pay the augmentation required, and
that the education in the lyceums will be improved,
while others are of opinion that the effect of the
change wiil be to discourage the middle classes from
sending the it children to public establishments, and
to throw education into the hands of the priests.
The Spanish ambassador, the Marquis de Valde-
gamas (Uonoso Cortes), is dangerously ill.
Marshal St. Arusud is expected in Paris on
Thursday.
An improvement took place yesterday in govern-
ment securities, and the market was more animated
than for some days past. The closing prices were
thus stated :-For Cush : Three per Cents., 80f. 35e.;
Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. 70e. For the
account : Three per Cents., 801. 30c.; Four-and-as
Half per Cents., 103 E 30c. Bank stock, 2,7351.
The demand for railway shares was moderately
brisk, at an 0-vane° of 31. 75e. on the shares in the
Northern line, and of If. 25c. in Paris and Lyons.
At the conclusion of business, Paris and ltouens
had declined 10E ; Orleans, 2f. 50e. ; and Paris
and Strasbourgs, sf. Closing prices :-Northerns,
908 E 75e. ; Orleans, l',010E; Paris and Strasbourg,
840 f.; Paris and Lyons, 9451.; Paris and ltoucn,
1,0851.; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 807 f. 50e.;
Western of France, 770 f.
Latest quotations received by telegraph :-Berlin :
Prussian Four per Cents., 100; ditto Four-and-a-
Half per Cents., 1031. Bank shares, 1091. Rhenish
Railway shares, 911. Exchange on London, three
months, 221, paper.-Frankfurt: Metallique Five
per Cents.. 98. Prussian Three-and-a-113.1f per
Cents., 934. Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents.,
1031; Four per Cents., Hope, 93 ; Four per Cents.,
Stieglitz, 921. Spanish One per Cents., 241; Three
per Cents., 431. Sardinian Five per Cents., Roths-
child, 991; ditto, Hambro', 95. Exchange on Lon-
don, 119 t, money.-Vienna: Metallique Five per
Cents, 941. Loan, 1851, 1071. Bank shares, 1,415.
Exchange on London, 10.50. Silver, 91.

MARSEILLES, Aran, 16.
M• de is Cour arrived at Constantinople on the 6th
instant. Lord Stratford de Redelitfe had reached
that city on the 4th. On the sth he assembled the
English residents at Constantinople ; he assured them
of the maintenance of peace, and advised them to
cam on their commercialop,Tations with the utmost
conhdence.

Toe French squadron remained stationary. at
Salamis, and the British fleet was still at Malta.

PARIS, SATURDAY EYYNING.
There is no more prominent characteristic of the
government of December 2, than a systematic con-
tempt fur law—a persistent determination to ignore ,
anythinglike fixed principlesof commonrigkt. After
the revolution of IS4B the right of sporting over a por-
tion of the forest of Compiegne was let on lease by
the state to M. de Rime. In 1g32, the President of
tke Republic chose prematurely to enter into the en-
joyment of various royal prerogatives, nod directed
his senate to put him in possession of all the royal
palaces and forests. M. do Rime's lease was in the
way. He was at first applied to privately to sur-
render it, but as he declined to do so a Senates Con-
sultum of April 1 passed over his rights without no-
flee, and declared that the Prince President should
exclusively enjoy the right of sporting in the forest
of Compiegne. M. de Ituxe was then served with
I notice to quit, and, protesting against the legality of
the senates declaration, lie was forcibly ejected from
the forest. lie appealed to the Court of Amiens,
which decided that the Senatus Consultum was bind-
ing, althuugh there is not a word in the con-
stitution enabling the senate to make laws, and
it is too clear fur argument that uothing less
than an act of the legislature can lawfully
deprive any man of his pi orrty, ert all! liour.,ll
b effatil hho. Tins i,et tit in. re
violence is now awaiting the decision ot the Supremo
Court of Caseation• But iu the meanwhile the go-

vernment has discovered a means of proving to Xl.l'
de Rule:, the danger of standing upon individual
rights wLen opposed to imperial desires. A clause ,
in his lease required him not Wallow rabbits to mul-1
tiply to such an extent as to be injurious to the
forest. From 1814 down to the moment of his re-
fusal to surrender his lease, no complaint was ever
made about the rabbits, but from that moment the
Meat authorities systematically thwarted his efforts
to destroy the rabbits, for the purpose of taking ex-
ception against him. They cut and sold the bog
weed, cow weed, and dittereut herbs upon which
rabbits feed so as to drive them of necessity to gnaw
the young trees. Theo, although authorised by M.
de Ituzr to destroy the obnoxious animals, the state
keepers systematically abstained from doing so, and
an application by M. de Ituz& for permission to use
guns for their destruction, out of the shooting reason,
was refused, although the prefect of the deirertment
had given leave to all other proprietors to shoot at
any time of the year for such purposes. An action
has now been brought against M. de Rime, for in-
jury done to the forest by tha rabbits, anti a
court of justice has adjudged him to pay 10,01)0 fr.
damages.
The cause of "Agnado v. A-eron" was resumed to-
day. At the sitting of the court, counsel for Count
de Morny asked to have it recorded that l)r. Vow'
had withdrawn an application made by him to be
indemnified by the count against the result of the
action. M. Hebert, for the Aguados, was farther
heard against the uljection of Wren's counsel that
the matter should bit referred to arbitration, accord-
ing to the terms of the partnership deed. M. Labia-
lotte, the public minister, gave his opinion in favour
of the jurisdiction of the court, and there can be
little doubt the decision will be in accordance with
his views. Judgment on this preliminary point is,
however, reserved till this day week.
The Emperor has remitted " the measures of
general safety" pronounced by the Cummission of
Revision of the first military division and by the
mixed commissions of the departments, against Is 7
persons, whose names are published in this day's
.1101diteur. M. Van, the ex-representative, is in this
list.