The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-21 00:00:00

of Ide year., that hind lege of th, very beet mu ton have been recoiled
to, me tth, b•gether in some or the colonial inland town...at a half-
penny a pound ! lty this romans, although there has been a lament-
al:Ce wage of :intro it food, which, however, the thin population of the
reentry i* quite unable to ronnume, a eery fair minimum price has
been e.t.tblislied for sheep and cattle is the colony -a nt Oder of the
Mated consequence to the euhmial atockholder. The annlinum foe
sheep subject *I to this proceta in Phillireland is Ss., and 1 have men-
tioned en instance in which the bides and tallow alone of eat:t• boiled
down In that district realised 31.125. per head in the London market
The importer. e of this dimovery to the colonial squatters will be un-
derstood when I add, that sheep were often sold before for Is. 6d. or
la. a bead. Nay, they have even been sold for flel. a head. when levied
upon and cold for quitrent, to the utter ruin of the oppramol culonat,
by the paternal government of Sir George Gipps !
Of tho capabilities of Phillipslani for extensive
emigration, it is almost impossible to speak too highly.
The climate is not so dry as in New South Wales or
South Australia, and the fertility of the soil has
now been proved beyond all contest. But the go-
vernment must affora facilities to the emigrant of
capital by cheapening the cost of his transit—by
allowing purchasers of crown lands the whole or part
of their passage money, according to the amount of
purchase ; and by encouraging free immigrants in all
possible ways. One caution appears to be necessary
to the moderate capitalist : he must be content to pleb
boldly into the interior; sections near the towns fetch
too high a price for him; further out, he will have
time to recover those mistakes, so contingent on a
novel enterprise, which would overwhelm him in sub-
urban locations, when his whole capital would be
absorbed at the outset. _

The volume on Cooksland is interesting, but hardly
so readable as the one we have just quitted. It re-
lates to the last-explored portion of New South
Wales, into which settlers are beginning to feel their
way. It appears to be the best watered portion of
the whole of New Holland, at the same time that it
stretches upward to the tropic of Capricorn, and pre-
sents that fertility. and variety of production which
such a position with regard to solar influence is sure
to induce. Besides its pastoral commodities of beef,
hides, tallow, wool, and skins, its timber—the red
cedar especially—is a valuable article of export. Gum
and honey may also be obtained in any quantities ;
wheat rewards the cultivator at the rate of thirty
bushels to the acre, while maize returns eighty.
Cotton, sugar, and tobacco have all been tried, and
there is no doubt but that with the necessary labour
and other appliances either would prove a remune-
rative crop. With the present fear of an increasing
deficit in the American supply, the cotton question
assumes a most important bearing, and Dr. Lang is
doing well in urging the capabilities of Cooksland in
this regard on the attention of the manufacturers.
Leichhardt, an unprejudiced authority, speaking from
actual observation, says—" The cotton-tree will grow
well in Moreton Bay, though the plantation in the
Botanic Garden at Brisbane was anything bat pro-
mising. But no care had been taken with it for
several years, and the Indian conch-grass is a dan-
gerous enemy. Same specimens which I saw at the
Mission grew very well, and gave a good cotton."
Upon examination of a specimen of cotton grown at
MountFlinders, on the Brisbaneriver, Messrs. Wright,of
Glasgow, have declared it a very valuable kind, which
would, in the present state of the market, readily sell
at from I ld. to ls. per lb.—clean in colour, fine
stapled, but rather weak, which, by care taken in
cultivation, might be much improved. This, of course,
is matter for the action of an association rather than
of an individual. But our manufacturers, or the
government for them, are bound to make the experi-
ment without delay. Dr. Lang desires to carry on
the cultivation of both cotton and sugar by means of
an extended emigration from the mother country;
and so to strike • deadly blow at the slavery of
America and the Brazils. But we are not sure that
this is practicable, or that the Saxon race would
settle down to this unusual labour, while riches
awaited them in the wild freedom of the squatter's
life. But Malay and other free labour from the islands
to the north of New Holland might be bad in abundance
for the fetching, and the subject certainly demands,
and would repay, instant attention.
The perusal of " Cooksland," and a recollection of
Leichhardt's journal, impreseee:on us the grand and
swelling sensation that Britain really commenced her
colonisation of New South Wales in its inferior por-
tion, good as that is ; and that the progress of dis-
covery opens vast tracts of beauty and fertility, equal
to kingdoms in extent, offering an illimitable field for
the absorption and diffusion of our surplus labour and
wealth. Will the coming parliament betake itself in
earnest to the mighty task of colonisation, which,
well carried out, would prove the panacea for the
worst and largest half of all our woes?

A Voyage up th,, Ricer Amazon, including a Residence at
Para. By WILLIAM H. EDWARDB.
_ _ .

The author of the " Voyage up the River Amazon,"
leR New York in February, 1816, in search of the
marvellous, in a country which had long presented
itself to his imagination as a sort of wonder-land.
He visited Para, the capital of the province ; made
excursions in its immediate neighbourhood, noticing,
with all the ardour of an amateur naturalist, what-
ever was most striking in the animal or vegetable
worlds ; sailed up the Amazon to the point where
the Rio Negro empties its waters into it ; entered that
vast tributary stream, and navigated it u far as the
town of Barra, whence he returned to Para, and so
completed his voyage. This is the extent of the
ground traversed :—a large field, but want of pre-
cious information respecting the country—which he
certainly might have obtained in New York—pre-
vented him from making the most of his opportu-
nities. _ _ .

It is a mistake to suppose that Mr. Edwards has
broken new ground in his voyage. So far u the
Amazon is concerned, many adventurers and travel-
lers have navigated it from the Atlantic to Peru and
Columbia, both in early and recent times—from Orel-
lano to Lieut. Smyth. The most trustworthy of these
voyages are those of Spix and Martins, Mawe and
Lieut. Smyth. During the last four years, a small
government steamer has several times ascended the
great river, as far as the Rio Negro—the point where
Mr. Edwards left it—and the country has conse-
quently become tolerably well known. Notwithstand-
ing, however, this volume adds little that is absolutely
new to our knowledge of the territories bordering
the King—or, since its specific designation is femi-
nine, we might with more truth and gallantry style
it the Queen, of Rivers or, having a geographical,
commercial, or political value, yet, as it describes
nature in some of her seldom penetrated haunts, it is
pleasant, sometimes suggestive, reading; and as it de-
tails many curious facts connected with natural his-
tory, it will be an acquisition to those engaged in the
study of that particular science.
The province of Para contains an area of about
950,000 square miles—a territory about eight times as
large as the Britannic Islands. Its soil is everywhere
of almost exhaustless fertility. It produces every kind
of tropical produce in the greatest variety and profu-
sion. The Amazon and its gigantic tributaries con-
stitute a vast arterial system, which penetrates it in
everydirection to its extremities, and which offers
facilities for inland and cheap navigation probably
unequalled in the world. The main stream of the
Amazon, 180 miles wide at the entrance, is navi-
gable for large vessels for more than 2,000 miles.
The Tucantins, the Xingu, the Tapigas, the Madera,
the Negro, the Parie, the Beni, and several other
tributaries, are navigable for several thousands more.
The whole navigable extent of the rivers of this pro-
vince is estimated at from forty to fißv thousand
miles. The whole territory is said by Mr.. Edwards
to be as much inferior to the valley of the Missis-
sippi, in every respect, as the valley of the Missis-
sippi is to that of the Hudson. Were this noble
country but a liberal and independent nation, what
might it not become! Macgregor makes a similar
observation when describing its gigantic resources
and capabilities ; but he has no confidence in the race
and policy which are yet supreme on the whole
North American continent, and he looks for redemp-
tion only in the eventual occupation of the country
by a people of Teutonic origin.
All the bounties of nature are neutralised by the
absurd fiscal and prohibitive duties of the govern-
ment. The boundless extent of unsettled and uncul-
tivated land makes it free of cost to the settler. The
vacant spaces may be appropriated by any one who
can • cultivate them. The soil is easily cleared,
and
coffee,
is

tin's-lane.—Mr. Barwise deposed that that morning, as he
was on his way to town, along the Old Brompton-road, he
was met by the defendant, who caught bold of him by his
arm and the side of his coat. He told her to leave go and
be quiet, as she wumuch excited, but she insisted on holding
him. He then gave her into the custody of the police, as he
had been frequently annoyed by her, and she was at the
present time under recognisance, to keep the peace.—lt was
here stated to the magistrate that it was not the first time
the complainant had brought the defendant to that
court. About three months ago she was brought be-
fore Mr. Beadon for annoying Mr. Barwise at his hnuse,
by going to him for money, when it appeared
that she had originally lived with that gentleman
for years, and subuquently, he having married, had
allowed her 20e. a week. Of late that allowance had been
very irregularly paid, and she had, in consequence, been
turned out of her lodging, and all her clothes and furniture
had been detained for rent. Under these circumstances she

had, in a fit of distraction, thrown herself into the Serpen-
tine, but through the praiseworthy exertions of the officers
of the Royal Humane Society she was got out, and even-
tually resuscitated. When she was at the police-court a few
weeks subsequent to that occurrence she was in a very ex-
cited state, and finding all her entreaties to Mr. Banns. to
continue her allowance were of no avail, she went into '
violent hysterics, and required four or five of the officers
to hold her, and on her becoming more quiet, find-
ing that Mr. Barwise had in the interim left the
court, she declared that she would soon make an end of every-
thing, darted out of the court, and ran at her full speed
along the high road towards llyde Park. Mr. Beadon in-
stantly sent en officer alter her, to see that she was put into
a place of safety, and she lied ever since been in the Ken-
sington workhouse.—Mr. Paynter asked the defendant if she
would promise to go back to the workhouse f—The defendant
said she would not. Mr. Barwise had kept her for 27 years,
and she had ne one to look to but him. She had done no-
thing but ask him to pay her allowance , and she must continue
to do so until he did, for she would make another attempt on
her own life.—Mr. Punter said if she would not go back to
the workhouse he must then fine her five shillings for the
assault, or she must go to prison for a week.—The defendant
said she would go to prison, but not to the workhouse.—Mr.
Barwise said he did not want to imprison her; all he wanted
was protection.—Mr. Payater then told the defendant that
if ber recognixances were astreated for her present breach of
them she would be sent to prison for a much longer time,
but if she would promise not to further sonny Mr. Barwise
be would discharge her.—The defendant then gave the
required promise and was discharged.
WANDSWORTII.-OBUIWCTIKO A RAILWAY OFFI-
CER.— IV. Biggs, a glass-blower, living in William-street,
Blackfriars-road, surrendered to his bail to answer a charge
of obstructing the officer attached to the Wandsworth station
of the Richmond Railway, nod refusing to leave the premises
when required so to do—Warwick, the porter at the
Wandsworth station, dated that the defendant and another
man came to the station at a quarter toil o'cleek on Satur-
day night, when the up-train was nearing the station, and
he had rung the bell ; he asked the defend sot and his compa-
nion if they had got their tickets, and they replied they had ;
when the train arrived neither the defendant nor his companion
attempted to go, and the train started without them. The
defendant, who it appeared was not coming to town, but
had come to see his friend off, who was drunk, then went
into the office, and violently abused the station-artent and
witness, who endeavoured, but in vain, to persuade him to
leave the premises, as the lut train had gone, and they
wanted to close the place for the night. Defendant positively
refused to go, and prevented his friend, who wished to do so.
Ultimately he was given into the custody of the police. The
man who came with defendant, bad been at the station pre-
viously with his wife, and had taken two third-class tickets.
His wife got intothe carriage, buthe, being drunk, blundered
about, and allowed his wife to go without him.—Mr. Belcher,
the station-agent, said the tickets the defendant's friend
had being for the third class only would not do for the last
train which was first and second, but he would have changed
them, and told the man so. After the train had gone they
demanded the money back, which he refused to give, and
11 defendant became very violent. He could not say he swore
or used any disgusting language, but he decidedly obstructed
the officers in their duty. The constable who apprehended
defendant said he and hie friend were under the influence of
liquor. The defendant said he went to see his brother-in-
law off by the train, and as they would not let him go with
the tickets he had, he demanded his money back,
when he was given in custody. Mr. Pa rater said
he had no doubt that the defendant and his bro-
ther-in-law were intoxicated ; that the officers were
justified in ordering them off the premises and giving them
into custody for not going. He was of opinion also that the
station-agent was not bound to change the tickets or give
back the money. He was of opinion, however, that the ob-
struction was not a wilful one, nor was the trespass wilful,
ss contemplated by the 3rd and 4th of Victoria. cap. 97, s.
16. They had a reasonable excuse for being there, and
'therefore he would new discharge the slefeadant ; but be
repeated that the officers were quite justified in giving him
into custody.

MONEY MARKET.

MONDAT EVENING.

The state of affairs witnessed to-day in the City was
singularly in contrast with that which prevailed to-
wards the close of the past week. All was then
doubt and distrust, the most gloomy predictions hav-
ing been encouraged with respect to the anticipated
disclosures of to-day. A small failure on the Corn
Exchange was spoken of, and that there was some
difficulty in that quarter is, we believe, too certain,
but we have, we are glad to be able to say, no fresh
suspension beyond this to chronicle in our columns.
Even the reports of alleged failures have, for the mo-
ment, subsided, not, it may be hoped, to be renewed
for some time to come. It is affirmed that the house
of Sanderson and Co. is rapidly recovering its posi-
tion. The coffers of the concern are daily strength-
ened 'by the falling due of its " bills receivable,"
and, thus far, the defalcations, as to these,
are declared to be of the most trivial de-
scription. We are incredulous with regard to the
ability of the firm to proceed, as commonly asserted,
at once with its ordinary operations as if nothing
whatever had happened. It is, we presume, the in-
tention of Messrs. Sanderson and Co., in the terms of
their late circular, to wind up their affairs, sad if they
can do so without the intervention of the law, so
much the better for themselves and their creditors.
'Expense illimitable, and delay interminable, such as
would arise, under a fiat of bankruptcy, in the case of
a house of such magnitude, may, thereby, be avoided,
as ewe very sincerely trust they will be. The state-
ments made relative to this establishment are alto-
gether encouraging; and there can be few that will
not be pleased to find that they are, in the end, sub-
stantiated. The business of the corn exchange, in
Mark-lane, attracted the attention of parties engaged
in stock exchange and other monetary operations. It
transpired in the course of the morning that grain
was held for higher prices. This too, in the existing
state of commercial credit, had a salutary influence,
and assisted, in common with other causes, in up-
holding the value of the public securities. Consols
opened far better than they left off on Saturday, and,
although the highest prices of the day were not sus-
tained to the close of the market, yet, in particular
instances, an advance was at one time realised of
nearly 1 per cent. The concluding figures were
851 to for money, and 86 to y for the account.
Exchequer-bills have crept up to 7s. to 10s. prem.,
and purchases were made even ls. higher. Much of
the rise in the floating debt is ascribed to the laying
out by the Bank of England, through this medium,
of its increasing deposits ; but it is likely, we think,
that the public generally have been buying for tem-
porary purposes, so that time may be afforded for the
monetary pressure, and the alarms attending it, to
pass over, when other, and more active and profitable
investments may be sought for.
The foreign securities have not made at all a pro-
minent figure in the day's transactions. Tho prices
of some of them look a little better, but we have been
without news, and there is no accounting for the
difference upon any better plea than that usually
offered, namely, the more influential action of the
consol market, which mainly governs every other.
Mexican Stock, 181 to 19. Four per Cent. Portu-
guese 24:t0 1. Five per Cent. Spanish 191 to 20;
Three per Cent. ditto, 29; the Passive Bonds, 44.
Two-and-a-Half per Cent. Dutch, .54.
It is stated in a Dutch journal, of the lath inst.,
that recent advices from Berlin announce that the
Prussian government has concluded a new treaty of
commerce with England, the principal features of
which are not yet ascertained.
IiNGLISR FUND&

3174 CLAnns.C". 30"'fcarsAna:c.ap". agi:
Is6o. til
India Bowls, =dm. 11.030. = An.
dig.

Boat Stock for Acct., WO
Cormsl6 fur Acct., 853 f 6f 61
Kt. 11111 x, £l.oco. 2d.. 8 510
Ditto, 2.500, 11 12 d 12 13
Ditto, 15(' tall 11 15

_
FORETON FUNDS.
2, per Cent. Equa.bor Bonds. 24 3 6 per Ct. RpmlA Bonds, dlr. from
1 per Ct. Grenada Bonds, Isl Nor., 1640, 182 2d
6 per Ct. Mestcan, Acct., Set - 30, Spoto4. Simon& Pamir.) Bonds. 41
4la Port ern Bonds, 21e 3 rpt. 30, rniAb Bun"'
Acct..
Ditto Acct. Fr le per Ct. Dutch Esc., 12 OWL.
6 per Ct. Rtnslan Rdr., 11=, .L rt., Acct.. Sept. 30,64.
1054 6

r 4
a