The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-29 00:00:00

AMERICA AND MEXICO.

The Hibernia, Capt. Kyrie, arrived at Liverpool
yesterday morning, with dates from New York of the
15th, Boston 16th, and Halifax 17th Oct. She has
brought 12,000!. in specie.
The news from the seat of the war is exceedingly
confused. The Americans themselves are evidently
alarmed, and place come credence in a report which
had reached New York, that General Scott had been
obliged to abandon Mexico. But as the American
accounts have all been intercepted, it is evident that
all intelligence must be somewhat apocryphal, and
require confirmation.
The news of the abandonment of Mexico is
given in a letter received from Tampico, by a
Spanish house in New York, dated the 25th
of September. This letter says that news had
been received from the capital which announced the
taking of Chapultepec by General Scott, who the same
day attacked the capital by the garitas of San
Comte and Nino Perdido. He succeeded in routing the
forces of Santa Anna,who fell back upon Guadaloupe.
Then General Scott took possession of the citadel, and
immediately sent 1,500 men with four pieces of artil-
lery to the plaza of the palace. They immediately
occupied the palace, blowing clown the doors with
their artillery; but the buzzes with which they
planted their national flag caused an insurrection
among the populace, and in their fury they in a mo.
ment despatched the 1,500 Americans. When Santa
Anna was made acquainted with this occurrence, he
immediately returned with 10,000 men and 25 pieces
of artillery; everything, according to the latest ac-
counts, being in confusion in the capital.
Another account, which appears in the Arro Iris
of Vera Cruz, of the 26th of September, says that
immediately after Santa Anna abandoned the
capital, and as soon as the populace felt them-
selves relieved from the restraint of his bayonets, the
Leperoa commenced tho work of sacking the city,
plundering the houses of citizens as well as to-
reigners, and committing all epeeists of excesses.
During this pillaging, these accounts say that a divi-
sion of the American army entered the city to restore
order—verbal accounts say that their aid had been
solicited by the magistrates. A conflict ensued be•
tween these troops and the rabble, in which some
say the whole division was cut off, while others say
one portion was driven back to the gates and the
leitadel, and another took refuge in the convent of San
Francisco, abandoning two pieces of artillery to the
Pperos. The accounts go on to say that General
Scott was then compelled to bombard the city from
the citadel and other commanding points to reduce
it to subjection.
It is ascertained that when Santa Anna retired to
Guadaloupe, he did so with 10,000 men and 25 pieces
of artillery.
The Genius of Liberty, a new journal esta-
blished at Vera Cruz, gives a different account
of the entrance of General Scott into Mexico
from that previously received. It would appear
that, after the capture of Chapultepec on the 13th,
and after General Scott had attacked Mexico,
the Mexicans, having repulsed the forces under
General Scott, dreading a bombardment, and being
anxious to avoid the horrors attendant upon assault,
concluded to surrender the city, the government and
the forces under Santa Anna retiring to Guadeloupe.
General Scott entered the capital on the 15th ult.
On the 14th, Alcorta had addressed the following cir-
cular to all the commandant-generals of departments,
giving an account of the attack on Mexico, and the
resolution come to of abandoning it :

After the important and great eventa that have yesterday taken
place, there remains no ether alternative to the government of the
union, than that of abandoning the capital, in otter that other mean.
be adopted and pursued for the harassing of the enemy. Accord-
ingly-, his excellenev orders me to Inform you, in order that through
you, the honourable cm sena of the state over which you preside,
may know it, that his excellency is firmly resolved to prosecute mili-
tary operation. against the Invaderss. AM that whatever be toe con-
sequences re.ulting from the war, his excellency is determined to
wage it in every possible manner, and by every attainable
mans. An heroic resistance Ira. mask in the capital fee
the space of sin days, but at length the enemy mtablithed
himself in places and positions from which his mbeilte
' and projectiles could reach the peaceful thousands of the
city; then the supreme government, seeing the Mote of affairs to be
such as warranted their departure, changed their abode; and very
soon I will have the pleasure of announcing to your excellency the
site upon which it will flu, which at pierent is impomible for me to
do, a it moompsutice the army, and as yet is net agreed upon the re.
sidenee of the supreme power of the nation. But a. soon as the
latter is known, I will give your excellency a detailed account of
everything that bas occurred, but now I shall confine myself to the
single following madman : The American army charged yesterday
t daylight with all its force upon Chapultepec, which, after a spirited
defence of six bourn, yielded at laid to the attacks of the enemy, who
immediately niscrehal to take perseerion of a fortification situ-
ated between the sentry-box of lichen nod St. Thomas, Ft. Como
and the citadel. The first advance was checked by the troops his
excellency the President led up, disputing the ground Inch by inch,
till finally the invader was routed from the citadel. after Rive hours'
hard fightimt. The capital being in this minutiae, bleu...enemy was
anxious to avoid a bombardment, and to spare the tumult and con-
(alien attendant upon an assault, which would have given room for a
thousand calamities and a repetition of there acts in which the army
of the for has manifested so Latinate° a spirit of extermination- Hie
excellency the PresicEnt of the republic hopes that your excellency
will endeavour to preserve and reanimate the public spirit, in order
that the war may be carried on with that vigour and energy which
the national honour and the rights of the republic or imperiously
demand.—Ateorrs !Basta. of War and Marine.—Guadaloupe 111-
dalgo, Sept. 14, 1811.
- -

. . . .
Beyond dispute, the most satisfactory feature in the
news touches the loss sustained in the recent actions
by the army of Gen. Scott, and its present position.
There is ample ground, says the Picayune of Oct. ,5,
on which to deny the painful reports brought by the
James L. Day, of the deaths of distinguished Amer-
ican general officers. Our information is positive
that Gen. Smith has not been slain, but that he has
anew covered himself with glory. Gen. Worth
has been appointed governor of the city of
Mexico (?), and was acting as such as late as
the 24th of September, letters of which date
have been received by commercial houses at Tam-
pico. We have not been able to learn anything defi-
nite of Gen. Pillow and his wounds, but from the total
silence of letters in regard to him which make men-
tion of our losses, we arc persuaded that he has not
been killed, and we hope not wounded. We cannot
learn that either Gen. Worth or Gen. Smith have been
wounded, hut Major Capers, an intimate personal
friend of Gen. Worth, who came passenger on the
Alabama, is entirely satisfied of Gen. Worth's safety.
The accounts from Tampico confirm the death of
Gen. Bravo, killed fighting bravely, but the report
that Santa Anna was wounded is discredited.
In direct contradiction to the facts stated above is
that stated by La l'atria, of New Orleans; namely,
that Santa Anna had resigned the presidency. This
journal says that the instrument of resignation is
dated from Guadeloupe, Sept.l6. Senor Pena y
Pena, on whom, with two associates, supreme
power had devolved till congress made en election,
was President of the Supreme Court of Justice.
Another amount, indeed, goes so far as to state
that Santa Anna had resumed power at the
demand of the people. This, however, was little
credited. La Patricia letters also say that Gen. Her-
rera was in command of the army, and would
proceed with 14,000 to station himself at Queretaro,
where it was intended that the Mexican congress
should re-assemble. Other rumours say that Santa
Anna had moved towards Puebla with 2,000 horse,
and that Paredes was raising troops with some success
in the great state of Jalisco.
It was reported that General Quitman was on his
way down to Vera Craz, with despatches and four
thousand men.
One of La Patria'a rumours is that General Res
had entered Puebla with 600 men, and that the Ame-
rican commandant had been compelled to bombard
the town from the heights at which he commands it.
This wanted confirmation.

A letter from an officer at Jalapa, dated Sept. 8,
says, everything remains quiet here—no alarms of
. any kind. I have never seen a more orderly Mexican
city. The health of the co,. 44 and is improving fast.
The wounded officers are oing very well, and will
soon be able to be moved. Major Lally, commanding,
WY wounded in the neck at Lasanimas; he has, how-
ever, assumed command again.
The views of Major Lally, respecting. the re-occu-
wcy or Alva, Li.: been long anticipated by the
War Department, and as Arlo :`2. August 12 instruc-
tions were despatched by the Autani.-I:ieneral to
Col. Wilson, commanding at Veracruz, to inic:tuise
and send forward, with all expedition, a competent
force for the re-occupancy of that city. The instruc-
tions also suggested the holding of the National
Bridge and Cerro Gordo. The measures thus taken
by the War Department to open the communication
from this end of the line were likely to prove suc-
cessful. Col. Hughes had taken the National Bridge,
AA will appear from the following letter, dated Puente
Nacional, Sept. 13 :
On the 6th w loft Vera Ceos with Ave • of ow
oumpeay of the 11th, owl ow of Ow 121 k Wiry, two latploteet
artilleryirsiambrout 100 wrimbod Wee. urger Corkeel 111 LO Ir. teen
07tetir . Mdets
I:l7';:mish es
01l the Ws eesied area
stem ha Lim where
we lw • lorrot of rekb. • lot le ewer mu About
S Par sat date' Ale vied the eeleleatekreee allot "
R~S De/4 yea the MVO eremil wit& itte may yea wen
In lupe eimeem let ere semi the Wipe sad sMeeel She town
without notestatica. As we Meted men soresia6 jest se the

rear guard left the town, sewn! shots were fired at us without effect,
and • few allots we returned made them moor. On this day's Mardi
the heat was to int.., that many of the men gave out, and we had
determined to halt, when we perceived the heights covered with the
enemy, who commenced firing. We advanced open them and they
fled, and we then encamped upon the heights about two miles from
this place. The next day, the 9th, we started, and soon ma the
forts and the men'e heals above the ramparts. e planted oat
gapg
within six hundred W
yards of the fort but soon found them *ex, mg
for oar artillery, so we determined to carry the fart by
bayeMet. Cul. ifitithes thee ordered Major Kettle, to turn the left a
the hill and take the enemy in reverse. lie took Barry's, Oahe"
end Brown's companieco with 30 dismounted drago.., end hests,
thrown off lacketa, lesipracks, and all but cartridge hones and can.
teen" we maned to climb the bill. After three hour: of great phy.
eloal effort, climbing up precipices by holding onto the roots °Nets
and hanging vines, we reach.: the crest. Here we breathed a little
and dashed into the fort. But the enemy, who had perceived so, had
fled, and three cheers announced to those below our poisession of the
place.
The whole of Gen. Cushing's brigade, on its way
to Gen. Scott's line, bad arrived at Palo Alto. The
brigade was reported to be in good health.
The New York Herald on the subject of the war
Says :
The rumour. from the seat of war are certainly alarming, and e
they are founded on truth our gallant little army la indeed in a DM
carious altuation. If Stott has been forced to atimislon tee eep,sei.
represented, the moral effect which lt will bare no 11,e enemy will
be fatal to an early peace. It will induce him to protonic the at. orle,
with the hope, yam though it 100, that he I. able to unimatcly drive
as from his territory. There no use, however, in entering into
speculation" with nothing but rumour as a basis. We wait with
anxiety for the arrival of additional news, which may reach us today
or to-morrow, direct from the capital, and of such a character as we
can piaec dependence on. The English courier was expected to reach
Vera Cr. on the 30th sit , with dates from the capital to the &Kb, so
that we expect the new, hourly.
The commercial intelligence does not offer any
point of peculiarity:
The country (nye the Courier and Enquirer) Ls quiet, promeroue,
and little count
by war or by the commercial calamiti.
England. The Hibernia, which reached here on the 31,1 inn., Mot.
rated our mercantile community by the record of new and huge die-
&storm In England: but the damage was far less than :he fright: and
the affalnc, both of our banks and of We business men, are Kok and
with= reach. We are round and prosperous; rind, niorewer, able
to lee without being severely affected by it, much more than. in any
probability, will be kat. The revival ccf the price of bread .tali, in
England, lndiotted by the Hibernia, gine renew,-d enorcura,rearent to
our agriculturist., and haring made pales at good prices La-: year, they.
In consequence, arc the better able to hold bark the crop of tau
i year, for—a. they flatter themselves—higher rata in the -King..
The first result of this calculation, is, that our reisne• for the last
few weeks have been very light, and the demand for bone consuls.
lion being .toady, price. have gone up somewhat, and ase far above
the limits of mat orders from the other side, or the VIPIC, of cond.
I dente shippers. thence, the total quantity of flour shipped la Great
Britain from this port in the last six weeka does not much exceed
19,00 brie., and this, notwithstanding freight& were low and ex.
change advancing. Of this 19,000 brie., moreover, more than 16,007
were billeted before tire 25th of September, leaving bi.t about 3,000
brie. so the shipments of the last three weeks.

The crop of corn ie nu. made in the Cnitad sute,, and all accounts
oancur in representing it as stificrabundatit—there i-, therefore, m
the country, to lie over moot of it till next spring, an immense sur-
plus of wheat and corn.
Of the potatoes the women; are my dlaconntaing —the disease ay
pears to attack the root this year, after it Ls housed, When dog, the
potatoes seem fair and sound, but soon after below laid away, the rot
appears among them and makes rapid ravages. The c rosislint is
neral in most of the states which raise potatoes largely—and if the
disease should run the same comae in Europe, there will be a steady
demand for our 'Wien men.