The Express.
London, England, 1848-08-16 00:00:00

the Irish in that hostile bonds against which all the
forces of this country would fall. because the Snglik
people would shrink in the end from Bic violence, the
cruelty, and the expenditure necessary to snaintain a
purely military rule.
It may be most desirable to punish Irish libellers
and traitors; and we think it so. But it is more de-
sirable and indispensable to conciliate and to win, and
not to affront or alienate, those Irish that are attached
to British connexion and to the sovereign of these
islands. To sacrifice the attachment of the latter to
more sb ingent modes of vengeance on the other,
were a dangerous policy. People, so ignorant of Ireland
as to judge it one mass of rebellion, may not see this.
But wo tell them that any extreme and violent wrest-
ing of justice, such as that, for example, of changing
the venue to England, once proposed by that precious
Lord STANLEY, and hinted. at yesterday morning in
an article of the Times, would make ol the instant
more repoalers and anti-Saxons in Ireland than all
the efforts of Confederates or Confederation would have
made in a successful struggle of years.

IMPEIt:AL PARLIAINIET.

HOUBR OF LOHl)6.—Tosapas, AUG..
The LOUD CILLECILLOB took his Sent at 6 o'clock.
PRIVATE BUBINESA.
THIRD READING.—WaIsaII Improvernsat (No. 2) ; Faster and
Euncuth Railway Acts Amendroteit ; Bills.
PUBLIC BUIF,INESS.
BECON1) ItltADlNGl3.—Turnpike aces Continuance MIL
nourrErt,. -Proclamatirms (Court vines Common Pleas)
a ;
Churches ; Turntilke-roads {lreland); ouestawAry ram Orals.);
Partittnestary Electors:
TIIIIIO READINGS.--Untawful Oaths Acts (Irckind) (continuance
sod ,noeßlnieut) ; Militia Ballots Suspension ;
COMMONS' AMEN DMENI'd ONSIDERED.—PubUe Health Bill.
PETITIONS.—Lord WiIAUNCLIFFE, from 1.240 Peruns 4
St. Tilaryiebooe, and 7111 nersonsof St. Luke's, epaulet Sun&T tending.
PARLIAMENTARY ILLECIORS BILL.
Lena BEAU stowr moved the committal of this bill.
Lord REDESDALE regretted that the nob oil
le l per-
sisted in nreuir the bill at so late peri.'d ot the session.
The bill then pasted through committee, and was reported
to the house.
PUBLIC. HEALTH BILL.
Lot.' CAMPBELL moved that the Commons' amend.
enema on their lordships' mendments to this di be coned-
dered. His lordship went through the verious amendments
of the Commons ; and stated, that although he
one red
from moot of them, the alternative, as they had had con-
ference. was to accept the Commons' amendments or throw
on' the bill. He hop. d, therefore, that for the sake of the
public their lordships would agree to the Commons' amend
-
meats.
The Earl of ELLEN BORO U Gil IN ILA aurprited that the
°obi.' and learned lord should have asked their lordships at.
once to agree to all the amend mem of the Commons. The noble
and learned lord had statril, when the bill was in their lord-
ships house, that the amendments Fitt Lords would be
sup ,erzi dby the gostrninent; but appeared that the
goy., extent sere not united on the subject. He understood
thatodic. r of the government, who was not in the
cabmet, hod advised the noble lord who had charge of the
bill 1,1 the other house not to press the amendments of their
and that advice had been adopted. The tendency
of sit the amendments which they had made after the bill
had i vim a rat up from the Commons was to extend the
Intl lerace and benefits of the bill, to do so at the smallestst coat,
and to secure the proper apprnpriation of the publc oy
to the object to which it Al intended to be applied but he
believed, as the bill had been altered, many places in the
country would be entirely deprived of its advantages. Is
es, ry local board there would now be a power of jobbing,
which lsy the amendments of their lordships would have
been prevented. He would not, however, give the House of
Commons the accuse of rejecting the bill by any amendment'
which he might propose to the noble and learned lord's
mot:on. It was not what et ought to be—it was not, he
he what it would become but such as it was he would
op
ace: pt it rather than give the [louse of Commons an oppor-
tunity of rejecting it altogether.
Toe MSTQUiI, of I.ANSDOWNE deeply regretted that
the Meuse of Commons had rejected their lordships
edraeuts, particularly these which would have
ha ! tendency more efficiently to control, and pro.
bablva lessen, the expeetliture of the local boards.
Be b.. 1 eyed there had been much local jobbing, but he
trusted that for the future the operation of the provisions of
this measure would lead to ezposure of that system, and
thereb, prevent its repetition.
Lord REDESDALE complained that the clause for the
,prevention of smoke had b. en 'Hewed by the government to
be struck out of the bill in the other house, and suggested
the it ought now to he re-introduced, especially as he
did n,t ve, on re-consideration, the Commons would
persi.,t in its rejection.
L PORT MAN said that he regretted the lit of the
min ke chute quite as much es his noble friend, but he
thought that it would be extremely unwise to risk the pee-
ing of the bill during the resent sestion by tending it back
to tl.e Commons, with the el iuse in question re-inserted.
The Duke of ARGYLE joined in the hope expressed that
the sneers+ of the mown.) this year would oat be p opardst
t
by returning it to the other house of parliament. lie en-
tirely corcurre i in the propel; ty of the motion submitted by
the titbit and le-snert lord
Attu a few words from Lord CAMPBELL, in reply, and
front the Earl of DESAET, the motion woo -greed to.
UNLAWFUL OATHS. etc. (IRELAND), BILL.
The LORD CHANCELLOR havii.g moved the third
reading of thi.
Inc Esrl of RODEN moved the addition to the second
clause id the words "snit ammunition of every description
wbati vt r."
The addition was rgrecd to, and the bill was then read a
third time and passed.
The house adjourned at a quarter past 7 o'clock.

THE E \ PRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 16, 1848,

samsnone kr that ejtets compel, tp appear at the I
end of week, in the Court of Bank4uptoy, and
either t the debhogod pay, or make somaprovi-
Dion focits payment,
.pr deny the demand arid give
bail to resist it in an action. In the event of
neither of the above courses being adopted; the trader I
commits an aot of bankruptcy, and his whole pro- l
perty will be equally distributed amongst his credi-
tors. But the acts under which such proceedings can
be taken apply only to traders ; and a man who, not
being a trader, keeps out of the way of an arrest in
execution, or who, the privilege of parliament
or the peerage, is not liable to be taken in execution,
cannot be compelled to surrender his property for the
benefit of his creditors. The practical effect of this
is, that many men of rank, and nominally the owners
of large landed property, go on incurring debts
long after they have become utterly md hopelessly
insolvent. They may perhaps be in the receipt of
considerable incomes which they lavish in luxury,
while the sources from whence they derive such in-
comes are so fenced round with legal technicalities,
that it would be mere throw
folly for their creditrs t
good mosey after bad by endeavours to geot paidheir
debts through separate proceedings. Fur such cases,
het c is only one rational plan of proceeding, namely,
some process by which all the property of the insol-
vent persons shall be vested in assignees for the use of

jesty consented. He announced to them the
capitulation, which had just bean concluded,
and proved to them that unfortunate ciream-
'stances had rendered it inevitable. Several voices in
the crowd uttered expressions of blame. " Very
well," replied the Kiug, " if these conditions do not
suit you, endeavour to make others which will be
more useful to you, and it you will not yield on any
terms, I will remain with you, and bury myself ander
the ruins of your city." These noble words had
calmed all the irritation of the people, when two or
three shots, fired as it would appear by hired assassins
of Austria, were discharged against the palace. No
one was wounded, and the atrocious crime of th
wretches had no other result than to excite public
indignation. A deputation, composed of the Arch-
bishop, the Podesta, and two citizens, went to the
head-quarters of Radetzki, and obtained the same
conditions as had been granted to the King. It is more
over to be remarked that, on the express demand of
the King, the right had been granted to him of taking
wickr the escort of his army each of the inhabitants
of Milan as might wish to take refuge in Piedmont
during the whole of Saturday. Whilst the treaty
was being drawn up, and the great majority of the
citizens were resigned to it is order to avoid greater mis-
fortunes, some individuals belonging to the very scum
of the people aesembled round the King's residence,
and fired into the windows. It is easily imagined
by whom these wretches were paid for this cowardly
I attack. The position of the King became critical.
The Greppi Palace was at a distance from where
the royal troops were stationed, and barricades
were begun to be erected, in order to hem it in.
The brave Alphonse de la Marmora, however, de-
scended from a balcony, and soon returned at the
head of a column of carabiniers and light infantry.
This column released the King, who then retired by
the Porte Vercellina, with his two sons and the
whole of hie staff. Scarcely had the Sardinian troops
left the city, than the same horde of brigands who
had attacked the life of the King went to the houses
of the most illustrious Milanese patriots, which
they pillaged and sacked, amongst others that of
the Marquis Villani the Duke Litta, who had
just set ant for Switzerland, with the view of
recruiting 5,000 men for the cause of Italian inde-
pendence. The minister terminated his recital, which
was marked throughout by the most incontestable air
of frankness, by these remarkable words : " You see
clearly, gentlemen, that the wretches who did not
hesitate to attack the life of the King had nothing in
common with the noble Milanese people, which has
shown itself so dignified in the midst of its mis-
fortunes they were assassins paid by the enemy,
and who bad vowed implacable hatred to all, against
l'icdmontese as well as Lombards, against Lombards
as against Venetians."
Lucien Murat, on a special mission from the
French government, had arrived at Leghorn, and left
for Florence.

HIS must be a mean and heartless nature who can
be indifferent to the prostration of Italian hopes. to
the sack and ruin of that fair peninsula. What shall
we say to those who gloat over it, cud who pour forth
a shout of exultation as they mark the fetters re-
placed on the limbs of the Italians, and the old,
stupid, tyrannical gaoler despotism of Austria and
her Croats thrust upon a people who were the first to
teach the world freedom and to lead the way in arts
and letters, in philosophic research, and political
liberty ?
In the great movement which has shaken central
Europe, and raised the Germans themselves to a sense
of manhood, the Italians took the lead. Not merely
its people, nor yet its sovereigns alone, bat both to-
gether, stepped forth to emancipate tho country from
the routine of degrading tyranny. If ever reform
and liberalism were called for, were spontaneous,
and obtained unanimous assent from nobles as
well aa common people, from statesmen and from
princes, it was this. And the movement of Italy
progressed with reason, with temper, and without
any of the revolutionary horrors and precipitation,
which marked birch crises in the history of other
nations. From this even and wise tenor of political ,
progress, the Italians were disturbed by the revolu-
tionary fury of other countries. An insurrection was
successful in Parie, and was followed by similar events
in Berlin ard in Vienna. The Germans declared their
emancipation. How natural and inevitable that the
Milanese should imitate them, and seize the
long-sought ;opportunity for freedom! They would
have been less than men, seeing the oppression
they were under to men of another country and another
tongue, it they did not attempt it. And
they did effect it, daringly, resolutely. They
faced the re eetrian guns and generals, who
sought to intimidate the :Milanese by the gross-
est acts of cruelty. But the Lombards cot-leered,
and in a series of combats that must completely exo-
nerate them from the reproach of wanting courage,
they repelled Itamerset and his thousands from out
their territories, and drove them to take shelter in
the impregnable line of fortresses on the Adige.
We need not recapitulate the whole series of events.
Suffice it to say that the Italians found a general in
one of their own native sovereigns, and an army pro-
portioned to his small kingdom. Ile was the only
sovereign whose family was truly Italian, and who
had au Italian army. That army met the rallied forces
of the Austrians on the Mincio, defeated them more
than once in open battle, took in their sight the strong
fortress of Prechicre, and compelled RADETZKI, with
50,000 men, to keep behind his walls. So far the
strife was utile! ; and so long as there was anything
like equality of numbers or resources, the Italian
army was triumphant. But Germany and Seta-
vonia were behind Retort eel. Silently, but
unceasingly, were troops poured from Vienna, from
Croatia, and from Bavaria, to the scene of strife.
Russia furnished funds, and the entire north of
Europe arm. and bayonets; whilst of the Italian
monarchs ores turned traitor to Italy, another trem-
bled, a third faltered, and Milan itself, emancipated
the first time for long years from a brutalising des-
potism, was unable to organise an effective
force, or utilise its infant freedom. The re-
sult was that KADETZKI was enabled to
issue front Verona with upwards of 80,000
German soldiers, doubling the force that the Pied-
montese could oppose to him ; and the result was,
that victory, according to the expression of IN a-
I'OLEON, "changed to tee side of large battalions." In
all this there is nothing disgraceful to Italy, nothing
tarnishing to her honour and her arms. She fell in an
unequal struggle, crushed by the soldiers of that
people whom she had so lately emancipated by her
example, and by the secret alliance and contributions
of all that remains despotic of Europe leagued against
all that was liberal.
There would be some consolation for thiscatastrophe
had the victory been achievAl by free Germany. Fur
our part, wo have no preference for Italians over Ger-
mans. We hailed the freedom and regeneration of the
one with no less ardour and affection than we wit-
nessed the efforts of the other to bre Lk their bounds.
And we have even more hope of the grandeur and
prevalence of the Teutonic race than in the restoration
of the old classic population of Italy to freed
and independence. But in the Germans south of the
Alps, oppressing, plundering, and massacreing the
Italian population, destroying it by fire and sword,
as General WENDEL bra-es to have served the
Roman town of Serrnis—we cannot recognise
either the German or the freemen in such acts.
Ihdeed, we may acquit whatever is free in Germany
of any participation in such acts. Notning c nbe
fairer than the proposals said to have been sent from
Vienna to Paris, and which will be found in another
portion of our paper. But Itemeeet obeys no
government at Vienna. They sent Count Ream;
to him us a civil auttioritee and RADE:IN/a turned
him out of his camp, installing in his place
MONTECCCULI, who had been expelled from Vienna,
as re-actionary, and as a tie 1 of NiETTERNICH
HAW TEKI ie acting sae furls. Hie army is u Court
acid a Croat force, to he turned against the lib. rale
at the first opoitunity. And we are much mist..ken
if the sue mblic 10l Frankfort and Vienna do net feel
the points of his bayonets even more mercilessly treed
than have the Milanese.
It is indeed this probable and inevitable destina-
tion of the arms of Ratietsei that still give honor to
the negotiatiou fur Italian freedom. Whatever
strong motives the French may have to refrain
from foreign war, however insurmountable the
obligation which binds England to non-inte. ference,
still Austria cannot be permitted to over-ride Italy, to
invade Rome against the will of its sovereign, and to
re-estaleish over Naples the influence of a court that
is not yet mistress of its own capital. Gen. C'tVAI-
ONAC, however pacific, and M. 'Fume, however
tranquil, cannot permit the awkward comparison be-
tween the present government and that of Louis nu-
eters nod C.esiatla Praise. The mo..arch of the
barricades had the power and courage to stop
Austrian encroachment; if CaeaICINAC and the Na-
tional Assembly cannot do as much, the soon. r they
abdicate iu favour of Louts PHILIPPE and the old
chambers the better, for the monarchy aid its min-
isters will be devidenly shown to have had more
pluck, and to have prot .cted European liberty Nt itli
more effect, than republic or republicans.
The abandonment of Italy to Austria is, how-
ever, not possible, nor is there need of going
to war in order to check Austria. If Merreii-
NICII smothered his indignation at the French oc-
cupation of Ancoua, Austria is still less able
at present to brave war for the conquest of the Ro-
magna. And if R IDETSKI be determined to employ
his legions in restoring despotic power throughout
the math of Italy, the Austrian court will be given
too much to do in Italy to admit of its seeking to re-
cover authority at home. There are many motives,
therefore, which should induce Reoterset to be mode-
rate, and to consent to treat ; and. these give us hope
that the terries, who are already enjoying the prospco
of RADETSKI, like an ogre, devouring Rotnans and
Tuscans, as well as Loinbai de, will be disappointed in
their revelation of beholding or joining in this
Croat feast upon the margled limbs and liberties of
tho Italians.
-

credii°
In 1844 it was proposed to assimilate the law ap-
plicable to insolvent persons, whether traders or non-
trams, and to enable any creditor to a specified amount
who h recovered a judgment against his debtor, to
eummoand him before a bankrupt commissioner, and
deny. or pay, or secure the debt, or else confess his
inability to pay, and submit to un equal distribution
amongst all the creditors. To such a me asure no
reasonable objection could be urged. But when it
came on for the second reading in the Lords it was
I referred to a select committee, where all the useful
provisions applicable to non-traders were struck out.
Oa that occasion the then Lord Chancellor, Lord
Li 24 mt van, opposed the measure, and in so doing said
There wu one provision of the bill to which he begged to
call attention. It was that it any individual had a judg-
ment for debt entered against him, and had not the means
of immediately satisfying it, whatever might be his rank or
station in society, whether he were a peer of parliament ors
prince of the blood, in short, every individual in this realm,
except the sovereign, might be cited before one of the
commissioners of bankruptcy in town or country, to be inter-
rogated, and have his answers taken down in writing; said
if they were not satisfactory the commissioner might ire-
medritely commit him to prison, there to remain without
bail until he had given answers to the entire satisfaction
the commissioner hetore whom he was called lor the pur-
of
pose of examination.
No doubt such suggestions would prove fatal to the
measure in the House of Lords ; but what say the
public ? Why should not any of the exalted person-
ages referred to by Lord LYNDHURST be obliged to
pay their debts, or tell their creditors why they are
unable to pay
'fake the case of the Duke of BUCKINGHAM,
towards whose insolvency the sale of furniture and
Liotiter ie at Stowe now in p-ogress is attracting •
temporary notice. llis grace has been for years no- I
turiounly insolvent. His bills were hawked about fee
discount at i 0 and 60 per cent. long before the final
break up disclosed to all the world the hollow nature
of the apparent wealth and influence of the great pro-1
tectionist. During all this time, however, he squan-1
dered enormous emus of money, and exercised such
control over vast estates as to render the district
around Stowe notorious for the devastations of game and
the wretchedness of its husbandry. For the duke's son'
much feeling has been expressed, and the more so,l
because a belief exists that he was induced to make
sacrifices of his own reversionary interest in the pro-'
perty by erroneous, it rot false, representations. But'
it must be borne in mind that the transactions which
have taken place between father and eon have put the
latter into immediate possession of an income of
nearly 2(1,0001. a year, to which he had no right
during the duke's life, and that so much has been ab-
etrac. ed from the duke's creditors. The sales of land.
and the sale at Stowe take place at the instance of in-
dividual creditors, not for the benefit of the whole
body of creditors, as would have probably happened
had the duke been liable to a law for the compulsory
dietribution of insolvents' estates.
That these class privileges really benefit the per-
sons in whose favour they have been established,
nobody who examines the question can for a moment
suppose. Exemption from the ordinary prudential
restraints by which other classes are bound pro-
duces a reckless course of conduct and profusion of
expenditure, which arc no less injurious to society'
than to the individual. And the operation of such'
exemptions is far more extensive than at first sight'
appears. Hundreds of our landed aristocracy labonrl
under difficulties and debts they would never have
encountered or incurred, had they been liable to
examination at the bankrupt court, and a com-
pulsory partition amongst creditors. The long
credit they receive, and the power of anticipating
income or discounting expectancies, which constitute
the origins of most sat the indebtedness of our
higher classes, mainly depend upon the belief each
creditor entertains that, come what may, he will be
able to obtain payment of his own debt. He relies
on his own activity to enforce his demand; or on
special circumstances of his debt acting upon the
debtor's sense of honour, or some other notion altoge•
ther apart from the general solvency of the debtor.
Now if ad debtors without distinction were subject to
a process of bankruptcy, creditors would become more
circumspect, or if they saw a debtor with an income
liodted, however large, go on year after year living
at great expense, incurring new debts, and leaving
hie old ones unliquidated, they would s. e what the
end mast be, and would take means to bring about an
equitable distribution before the debtor's available
means had been wholly pledged to particular creditors
or exhausted. The principle on which every. law of
debtor aed creditor should be framed ie, to give the
creditor a prompt remedy for enforcing his rights
against his debtor's property provided he be solvent ;
arid, in ease of insolvency, complete means of ascer-
taining the causes of inability to pay in lull, with a
hp. rely distribution of the debtor s ener ts. •N these
in s our present law of debtor and creditor dere
not conform, and the whole mischief most be traced to
the unfair distinction between trading and non-
trading debtors.

Timm, is not one of the privileges of the aristo-
cratic classes more odious than the distinction which
our la•v of debtor and creditor makes in their favont.
If a man he engaged in any industrious avocation,
which renders him a trader, he cannot pursue a reek-
ices or Ira:Auk-tit course of conduct towards Lis ere
ditors without being liable to be called upon to give
sn account of his pecuniary transactions. Ail cre-
ditor, 'o t' e amount of one hundred pounds or more,
utuy, by serving his trading debtor with notice and

has been frequently done—against civilians, miliTe;
to sanguinary collisions. The assembly having been
prepougstaitiirodotonin.ggholsideingsehuihmnwoveuiierdwnbiytthztehaemffodasuircti.ficicanestgioaontf the
ivoedfth:te corptp.
of constables. It was understood that thatquemiaa
was considered a cabinet one, an that the rejection of
the motion by a majority of 203 to 152 may be ,t
down as an inZirect vote of
.00nfidence in minister%
Meantime, the constables are as unpopular as t„,,,,.
but it is hoped that the comparatively large flambe;
of members of the assembly who are howile to thEns,
as they are at present constituted, will induce them
to display greater moderation and forbearance than
they have hitherto manifested. See. ral 'Areal, here
been arrested on the charge of having distiibuted a
revolutionary- catechism.
The Democratical Society of Cologne has forwarded
a strong address to the national assembly in favour of
1.,
Polish nationality. On the 11th the essernbly voted
their president a salary of 2,000 florins per mon*
and rer.dered its acceptance obligatory.
BAVARlA.—Accounts from Munich of Aug, 9
say Baron von Then-I).tmer, the Minister of the fat,,
rior, and Herr von Weiehaupt, the Minister of
persist in their demands to be allowed to resign. -ia'
is not likely, however, that the resignation of die
former will be accepted for the present, in cote,
quence of the difficulty of finding a auccessor.
llANOVElt.—Letters of the 10th inst. say : Cast
Bennigsen, the Minister of Foreign Attain, 'taw
yesterday to a popular deputation that waited oo
him, with a petition to the King (hie Majesty in,.
ing ceased during some time past to give audience'
to deputations), that no dissension existed hetweer,
Hanover and the central executive in Frankfort, bat,
on the contrary, the most friendly rein ions.
FItANKFOHT.—On the 12th the debate arose on
the question whether the districts of Trent sad Ito.
veredo should be detached from the Germanic cm.
lederacy or not, which was decided in the negaue,
The assembly then took into consideration the repot(
of the international committee concerning the war of
Austria in Italy. The assembly divided to refer the
report of the commission and all the motions on the
subject to the central power. The assembly after.
wards decided, on the question of the incorporation of
Istria into the confederation, that that should also be
referred to the central power. The public galleeie,
in the I"cale of tLe constituent assembly have tem
clipped of their fair proportions in order to limit the
number of spectator., the " sovereign people" in them
galleries having of late taken a more active peer is
the nroceedings of the assembly than parliamentary
usage warrants. The name of one of the central
1 under-secretaries of state for foreign affairs is M. L
Von Biegeleben, and not Briegleb, iss erronemuly
stated in the Frankforter Jo,tr- 'mt.

THE COLOGNE FESTIVAL. I
Cotooxr, Are. 13•
flat to-mnerow will be a great day in this old
GERMANY. city—the Cutonia .49rippitin of the Romans—is sri.
dent, from the busy note of preparation that is heed
AUSTRIA.—We have journals from Vienna to on all sides, from the multitude of tanners displaced
the 10th. in all directions, and from the crowds of persons that
In the sitting of the Austrian Diet of the Bth the arrive by every train and by every steam-boat. Come
minister, Dobbihof, made a speech on some important to-morrow, it will be exactly 600 years ago that the
declarations on the subject of the relations between foundation stone was laid of the present far-fused
Austria and Hungary. It is known that conferences Dom of Cologne, the one that replaced St. Nth
on this subjeet and on the question of the differences Cathedral, which perished by fire. To cal-brats the
between H..ugary and Croatia took place before the anniversary of that interesting event, as well u to
departure of Archduke John for Frankfurt. Dobblhof give all due solemnity to the consecration of the
Pail: in his speech : " The ministry has never known newly-constructed portion of the cathedral, will the
anything of the negotiations between the Hungarian forthcoming festival be given here, on a scale of are
and Croatian delegates and Archduke John. Count equalled magnificence. The church, the army, the
Bank:is-any has however sent a note, in which he put magistracy, the civic guard, the bar, artists' and
the following questions: First, whether the Austrian artisans' clubs, will all contribute to the splendour of
ministry. is willing to allow the full effect of the pragma- the festival, to the honour of the illustrious guests, to
tic sanction in respect of the integrity of the Hungarian the renown of the city, and to the glory of the
crown ; and secondly, whether the present ministry cathedral itself, th , observed of all observers. There
meditates preserving the rights of the crown, as re- will be processions out of number, by day and by
garde the pragmatic sanction, in the actual differences night (by sunlight, moonlight, and torchlight), music
with the countries bordering on Hungary ? The and singing without end, addresses, serenades, hie-
ministry has answered to the first question that the quets, balls, illuminations, fireworks, 44:c.
pragmatic sanction in its entire meaning has never Meantime the good people ot Cologne are get•ting
been questioned, and it has determined to give it up what they call a wor-fea, or preparatory festival;
effect. And with regard to the second point, the bands of music are playing all kinds of German Dl-
ministry has declared that in so far as the plans of tional hymns, marches, and waltz., ; all the craft on
the Croats were known, it was not their intention to the Rhine are gaily bedecked with flags and streamers,
separate themselves from the Hungarian crown, and and the national steedards of old Germany, Prussia,
that they also rested their pretensions on the prag- I
Bader., Bavaria, Nassau, Wurtemberg, and the •
matic sanction. The ministry also replied that Hessen are floating from the various landing laces
internal peace was only to be attained by During this afternoon some steamers have arrived
the complete union of all nationalities. As yet with troops for Schleswig-Holstein, and their appear.
(added Dobblhof ) no answer has been given to this amine
has been the signal for discharges of cannons o
reply." each side of the river, and for other demonstrations of
A correspondent, writing from Vienna on the 9th, welcome. The bridge of boats and the left bank 0(
says: the Rhine are covered with spectators, for many of
The Italian question is at this moment still more im- whom (apparently English) the chief attraction ap-
portant than the Hungarian. The announcements of vie. pears to be the, at present, somewhat misty view of
tori, a follow in such rapid succession that it is time to pre- the Seven Mountains.
pare either for peace or for a European war. The public The crowds on the left bank of the Rhine, on whom
sentiment, once so feverishly desirous of war, begins to
incline to peace. At least men begin to ask what is to be lam now looking from the windows of my room
the result of military operations. For example, in the (which, by-the-bye, is literally besieged by person;
Anyenieine Oesteereichische Zeitung we read " Radetelti's
a peace with the Italian pro claiming my acquaintance, some of whom I bps
commission was to conquer
vir.ces. So long as our troops were repulsed, regard for their never seen before), will be literally kept on the tiptoe
of expectation, for they have received the pleasing
honour forbade us to withdraw them from ltaiv. Now that
th,ir gall int general, carried away by his love of action, announcemer that tbe 'Vicar of the Emphe may an
exceeds his commission, and seeks war instead of peace, we rive at any time between three and nine p.m. The
civic guard are ordered to assemble at the former
must give him up, we must thunder a veto in his ear, and
recal our brethren from danger, from the idle vanity of al-
hour, and a printed circular urges the torch-light
lowingpro-
themsel vas to be slaughtered for the bubble reputation;
we must disclaim all responsibility for the consequences of cessionists to muster at the latter, so that his imperial
their mad undertaking ; we must proclaim to foreigners that highness is sure of a guard of honour of one kind a
we take no part in their aggressions ; we must remind the
another.
throne that popular policy )1113 crushed national politic-; that As evert, little incident may be fairly -i.ressed
the policy of the people demands peace ; that it cares not into
for Mett, rnich's arrangements in 1815, and will hear of no service on the present.occasion, I may state here them
eweatrelnmlyt iii,deeiettihvee
armyo e..
from The IttsaAguestriso f
Austrian
the e
,4 Ticinoie n 0
t wouldonly
Graf
fd
Vonatea steamer h.as
'Phis
shotnam eboi-i,d bea
noti itturgpethat
to
be a step from obedience to anarchy, it would be treason cite the slightest attentien, the minds of the Or
against the fatherland. Beyond the Tici o, Austria would
have to encounter France. But what has aware' philosophic nil .ction on the mutability of lamas
tat ea (I presume) being engaged otherwise than in
to expect front a war with France ? The only ,
object of such • war would be the indulgence granuour.
~f the barbarous instinct of fighting ; the consequence It has been officially announced (to my !err) that
would be a European war—a war by which Germany would the Vicar of the Ethpire will not
land, as onginellt
be made to repent of having acknowledged Austria as an
integral part of itself—a war which would carry back the Steam Company b' is '
opposite y window
,Vi 1.. right Tr
people into serfdom and subvert the dynasty." In these' x intended, at the floating bridge of the Dusseldorf
ems:tone the AUgemeine Oesterreiehisehe Zeitung
scarcely form an idea of the effect this 111.
echoe. the vague opinion entertained by a large pnrom tit You can
~,,i). hut lower down the river, bey°, d the bridge of boats.
the medic respecting Italian affiers. The fact, that on toe nouncemens had on my circle of new acquaintance"
Bth inst. • courier was despatched to Paris, caing, in reply In a few minutes all my " lovely compantone wets
to a peremptory. demand of the French governmem, the 101
lowing propositions, to serve as a basis of a negotiation tochat abouttheitese
to me that a little
emanate from here : 1. The emancipation of Italy 111 so lac
" fiatdhedapamend
ugorrnede."
as Italy is averse to submit again to the sc,ptre ot Austria. rent cause of all phi: hubbub—the cathedral—will ce
ITALY. 2. The undertaking by Italy of a fair proportion of the nes. acceptable. Do not tear that lam rim; to inflict on
natal debt. 3. The conclusion of an . dventageous coin-
------ menial treaty. It is certain that the preso.t cabinet was, at
The reports of treason which were in circulation lest till lately, lavouratile to the emancipation of Italy. account of it. Not one word shell , . . _ ,_.
after the Leal catastrophe of Milan had assumed suchor h Tedenc ISSIDg
you and your readers a long
,thlilstoirisesairl orahrtocotod.
Whether is views have been charged by the recent victories stantine the Great, Charlemagne,
that
a con-istency at Turin, that the most moderate and remains t. be seen.
the most considerable men in the city, greatly iodig- The amicable settlement of the Hungarian-Croatian Peter's) of this city. I shall not attempt to pro
litvece t of
rant that suspicions should have been excited, even question is confidently looked for at Vienna. The Master Gerhard was or was not the fird arc i .
roses, who were interested in the first Domkirch hat
against their monarch, who hail given to Italy so Hungarian prime minister, Count Battliyany, and the
many proofs of good faith and bravery, nevertheless Bann of Croatia, who are entrusted with full powers against the honest burghers o' Cologne for itif ,',l
the present edifice ; nor shall I utter a pit.,,re_.
considered it advisable to demand an inquiry into the by the Hungarian and Croatian I)iets respectively,
P 6105
',flair. The Politique Club, cot eequently, assembled are expected in Vienna in the course of a few days for century to the time when the French took
in the evening of the 7th, and after a serious delibera- the settlement of this question. of the Flemish provinces.
their Dom to remain nearly in rains from the 10,,
tion, it charged three of its members to demand ex- A letter from Innspruck of the Bth says DI it on that
plan:dims from the Minister of War, as to the events day the Emperor lett that capital en route for Vienna, the works anirsmitohdme
finde autant slionlT
which pnnedtd the capitulation of Milan. This de- having first received a deputation from Hungary. theSklaipttpeirnpeg
after the conclusion of the are i warmly
saltation, composed of three notable citix-es, M. Tee- Mes-rs. tlornbostel and Dr. Fischer a .eampanied the —ace in 'het year,
chic, M. de la Cevanna, and the Giant Villa, waited Emperor. sent King of Prussia, then crown plane, .
tore titration a.
on Gen, ral Collegno, and received from him the
the
A later from Pesth of Aug. 4 says the war be- urged his royal father to encourage. _ ~...,
lowing particulars, which they communicated to the sweat the Hungarians and the southern Selavoniana toatth ttehhedle3ratheal trowithBhoiel4l.yl,6llceoh cednturyd: wfro!
club : still continues. The latter, who have plenty of can- —that glorious ryeeimen of ne se
old German (Gee I
de in ' • Tbe
more properly speaking, the completion, nl_me."‘r.:
is The troops of his Majesty were fatigued and ca- non, and who are assisted by a corps of 3,000 rep_ chiteeture. The appeal was not
Betam: .
example bl,
hausted ; literally dying of hunger, and scarcely able laxly disciplined borderers, have Resembled in great fund, and the
to stand after the severe privations endured during the numbers m the neighbourhood of St. Thomas. liberally subscribidg to the buil ingr I
_. „,_...
Crown Prince and his father
.d.g00,01
last combats of July. On the 4th, there was an en- They have issued a circular, getting forth their griev
gagement, which ended advantageously for the antes against the Hungarians. thalers. On his accession to tw
Italians; but on the sth, it was impossible for the PRUSSIA.—We have papers from Berlin of Aug.resolved sat Cab
troops, in anion condition they then were, to
support a 13. We have stated that in well informed political
- wthuartkyseauerttoivell3B47
throne his present Majesty
ctutnuel., besides otllft
fresh action ; they, therefore, entered into Milan. circles it was announced that the renewal of the Dego- not less than 903,084
restoration of nth
The provisions in that city would only have lasted tuitions with Denmark, with the consent of the ten-
,mtmheenceddeceiasedn the
myoetinarehB264a_ r.beeniszi7
large sums for the completion or,
.c,....
,_ lv.
the inhabitants and the army a very few days, and teal executive in Frankfort, bad taken place. That parts of the sacred edifice. l•rederl'ic. ‘el li_u.f.,,s
30,000 thalers to the bdil tug-
there was only ammunition for two days. The large statement is now all but officially confirmed, parties
park of artillery, by a movement of the enemy, be- high in office making no secret of the matter. It the works, and has encouraged _ the forme?
LinsuauteThp,
came separated from the Sardinian army, and directed appears, however, that the central executive requires unions or clubs for the purpse or 1. rating goo
its march towards Mortara. The King held a coon- the maintenance of German troops in the two duchies has ever taken the greatest interest
tinetn„elprii-_ of
cil of generals, who declared their opinion that resist- —a condition that will give umbrage to the Danes, (Louis) has also been a munificent
.11h.etcrthe yea
ance was useless ; that at the end of two days they should provided it be fully earned out, but the general im- so-called cathedral tax was re-joiner i__ acing)
becompelled to yield; Oath was impossible in that short occasion is that Prussia will considerably modify it, 1823. It consists of 10 silbergrosch he
tut' eve his.
tions for the general futd. The ex-KingedncouL. ibi
space of time to receive reinforcements; that, in short, and thereby render it more palatable. The result of
they must capitulate. In consequence of this deei- the recent discussion in the constituent assembly tieing and 1 silbergroechen ford rehash
ee e rule e",...sir
eion, the King treated with Radetzki on the following tee air. the excesses of the military t„ tax, which is cheerfully Pa , realises
bases:—" That the Sardinian troops should evacuate Schweidnitz has given general satisfaction to theal ntributors t.O e't
for every marriage, S silbergrosc "nes
nix 7.. i. Tait
England for Ole tk.
Milan in 24 hours; that for 48 hours they should list citizens of Berlin. The declaration on the part of that cathedral are the (lateen of
lios,
the illg d
be molested by the Austrians, who would keep at one assembly against the retrograde and anti -citizen ten- Emperor of Austria for 8.000 florins'
beArchduke blot of MO
day's march distance from them; that the persons &melee of numerous officers in the army, was greatly large sum. Amougst the roy
fur 300 ducats, and the Duke of 1
and property of the Milanese should be respected." needed. They are now called upon by the legal re-
At this time, some of the citizens were also of opinion presentatives of their country either to submit to the ti"inst sinotult ci
re the avereee ,
Hohand for 1,000 florins,
la.den for %Nu
During the last four yea
that it was necessary to yield, whilst others wished to new order of things, and to enter into it in the spirit
awt eine
windows
sthoef ,ai frtntyli.e times,
After sourefttoa withdrawresolu t
resolution
leagthtetrldopitnhieonlawstenctxitnreambodity.y
'tiinhileeradthvuce the athedral UX, nv
alontogethtebeprarftromdf thethesl!
th
t ii, forme
the Greppi Palace, where the Kites had taken up his constituent assembly, it is certain that any further keno& and donations, was I o,oootbal es.._,...ssat
of the emit of the enta, ';,11.;
residence. They loudly demande'd that be should attempt of the officers to propagate anti- constitutional times the estimate
lions of the (Mem'
..ppear on tie balcony, to which his Ma- ptinciplee amongst their troops, or to excite them—as µ•
t 5 tit down at tWetity mi.
~., thee surobysearitipteasionsuryto, ththre
dbubuildiad, from tbe ash!