The Express.
London, England, 1851-12-12 00:00:00

ALL the BEST NEW WORKS are EX-1 MR. MECHI ON FARMING.
eitANG,..p nrrior at the mildew, of every Sabecribrr I
.NO 3fa Ilmik* of Ml' DIEW 4r.LEcr LINE% NY 011 the Wowing , A sitting of the Society of Arts took place
---' volumes et one tinw Two Guinrw. or Pia Volumes at ~.„: -wee
6.i....•per.... livid.. h„,.i. Ito'. let.poete. yesterday evening, to enable the members and their friends
ow"' Three .., se ear is Tareee, N'alpole's Assay. ii, and ever, to hear the results of Mr. M, chi's farming for last year
Lert5n,,,,,,,,,,,5, we seat in .rawer to every smile atios. Neu stateil' by Mr. Mechi himself. There was au escceuingly
fike7,_,,,7;., sea. bp C. " Www- 37. Wirimw".7,w3. C 3.144- numeirous attendance, among whom we recognised many
Upper Klag-ritreet, WoressatiorL. the authorities of high lot Anding. The length of
8"4"". mpg pp i . E. !JUDIE, 73.
sMn-i Wow "boa 1'""7"76.7. and ."" i'S'n'l'" 7.17 '''' the paper read by Mr. Mechi precludes nu publication
iriefwel.
117e.4..1111(4"
CHRISTMAS CRE.NENT AND NEW TZAR'S Gin. Win the most important passages:
—2ey Aeissure! 314 141111.'N•f11.1114N'lli. I After stating that his object was to illustrate the condition
TIIE COMPLETE OFFICIAL I)ESCRIPTIVE of the labourer, the tenant, and the landlord, Mr. Mechi
N sal I. LUIsTitATEU CATAISIGUE it the GMAT MIMI. proceeded to say :—" Let us first consider the labourer.-1
of wtiKK4 of INI.KIifItY el AI.L NA IIONA, I'4l. In have no hesitation in affirming that bin position is one of
III) ,„- ..th. • fee. price The • Gainer,. unusual prosperity. As overseer in my own parish, of some
th7".•'''' .`""...".uPam teat will at all times haw the
erue es•s!osse i. f .. only i
, .... 8,000 acres, I beg to state that the peor•rates for the last
..r0.,, „f om,fog vs r. coitecti u the AN et stemming features es the
twelve months are lower than they have been for many years
ET •1 NI r-^—AAArce..m.
!'" , " *6
r the Official Deerrtptive and Illuetrated Catalogue 1 —(cheers)—and from a comparison with my books in former
""er'di'll" bits si a a anise' reputatin. It he. an rosiunng yearn, lam satisfied that the poor•rates rise and fall with
of the . fa. at .3 IN .
~„,,,,s, a ssiostae Mt inettien nt suers, ~, ! , eieseeip: the price of•. •• .

into.? in Or
to n •hich it 1,11 Emiry object in the oTiec--t7u'in. W.:11-1.M.—Ion7id-
wi..1 wn ami Mau ioni with the amount of particularity OW to tt"
Ti3O, rk oats" tuhli-Mal In Fire Part.: Parts I and 2. price 10v.
tadt. Pat. 3. I, ant 3. price 13.. eat b,
. 1111.N1'S 11.13ildloOk to the GREAT EXHIBITION. In
solaints. fru" toi
ow 0 Ibr m rt" lIIMIPIStOPS and histories of the aslant
-Atheneum.

.. corn, in the same 'way and ratio as our tithe
ration. In this Dart of the country it has always
been the custom to estimate a week's wages by a bushel of
best wheaten flour, independent of extra harvest wages.
Now our able.boclied labourers are receiving 84. per week,
whilst the bushel of flour can be had fur 64., leaving a com-
fortable margin fur clothes, tiring, and shop goods, their
annual rent being paid by their extra earnings -^ the
' •

Ember ins .4 OW 11:000*'.
3. lilt: oral, s%I aI.L CAYAIoi)G UK Finally corrected sad
edo.ce, nun Indiana
BILOTI and Po
IF.otn, leen Lanni. Ire.. o ice 7P ed.
WI. CI °WU. and PO% reinter,
ase a 1 Cenilnaine Clffloor, .11. Pew ilrodcepaleent,
Bic lifriara, and of all banlinileria

during
harvest month.' ao his. surprise, he had aseert tined that
British labour was (everything considered) cheaper than
continental, while, by adopting the system of task work,
his labourers earned much more money than those of his
neighbours. Me. Meehi strongly urges the use of seientific
appliances, and accounts for the present low state of farming
prospects by the following rather graphic description of the
niOdus operandi Ho where you will you may find abun-
dant evidences of unused opportunities. Tumble-down and
misplaced buildings, full ditches, great and ugly fences—
(hear)—queer, small, and mishapen fields, stagnant water
for want of drainage, and well-washed animals and manure ;
cumbrous and antiquated conveyances, an enormous waste
of manual and animal labour, most extraordinary discre-
pancies in agricultural practice and valuations in various
counties, under the same circumstances of soil and climate.
In one place a pair of horses abreast will plough one acre
per day, in another four, five, and six horses in a line will
only plough three-quarters of an acre. In one county they
will sow six bushels of oats and three or four of wheat per
acre, in another half the quantity. In Essex we plough
once for wheat, in some other counties three or four times
(in some places nine ploughing fur turnips, in another only
two). Here we allow is. per acre fur ploughing, whilst else
where 13s. is a common pi ice. In one county an imprusing
tenant is allowed by valuers for many things, in another no-
thing." lie hopes for bepcethinaa, however, from the writings
ofsuch men as Liebig, Playfair, &c., and from the increased
application of steam to agricultural purposes. At present
there is only about 100• horse power for every million of
acres. The farmer, he thinks, has more to fear from the
competition between favourably and unfavourably sanded
uistricts than the effect/ of the foreign producer. " The '
tenants of heavy undrained land, parcelled out in miserable
three or four acre fields, encumbered with enormous hedge-
and timber, scarcely accessible in winter by green and
muddy lanes, their farmyard manure waterwashed by the
drippiii.:s of wretchedly old untroughed buildings, and their
animals exposed to every atmospheric vi-issitude—l say
each tenants must succumb in the competition with more
fortunate districts, blessed with intelligent landlords, liberal
covenants, ample capital, railway communication, good
roads, steam power, large and well-drained fields, ample
stock and buildings, and ready railway or water communi-
cation with the great consuming districts." (Hear, hear.)
Ile has no hope for the farmers until there is an improved
'mode of buying and selling load. "Jo long as landed pro-
perty continues involved in mystical legalities, copyholds,
live and dead heriots, &c., and withdrawn from the common
sense principles of
.possession and ready transfer, so long
will agriculture be an the rear. (Cheers.) Until you treat
your purchase and sale of lands as you do your three per
cent consols—by an authorised registry and immediate
transfer—there are no hopes for the perfect development of
our agricultural powers. (lcer, hear.) 'Tis true that
such a system would test bona fide possession, and affect the
mortgage system ; but this would confer a great national
benefit, by passing land into llie hands of bona fide capita-
lists, able and willing to improve it, and responsible fur its
duties, as well as entitled to its rights. (Cheers.) We have
evidence of this in the Irish Encumbered Estates Bill."
(Hear, hear.)
Mr. Mean is a warm advocate of agricultural education,
and hopes much from the use of the American reaping
machine, which he congratulates himself is the invention of
a Seotehinan after all. After a few more g, neral observa-
tions, Mr. Mechi proceeded to read the following balance-
sheet of his farming operations during the past year :

3115.1 KAVANAGIV:i NEW WORK.
hint re.itl, is one 'Who'll!, poet Be watt Portraits, pries 124.,
* breir.,l In embneeed cloth, silt ege+,
ItrOM EN of CIIRISTIANI'rY, exemplary for
y Arts of P.rty an.i Charity. Its Ji:Liai LIVANAGII, Autbur
al ott worn is Er Netball*" Rt.
L imam: Smith, Eker,aarl (b., 43, Ownhlll.

nmoß STOPPING DECAYED TEETH.—Price
Jr 2a. ail.--Patroitawil by her ble)e-ty and 11. K. 11. Prince
A.trrL.. ifiINAKD'A W 11172 tit:CCU/Ay:EU% for cooping
Det.iyed Teeth, however large the cavity. It to traced la the tooth
Itswl elate, without any memos tr pan, and immediately h miens
pia • a bre it will remain In the tooth many yeare, render.
ling erratum %mem ..ry, and I.rrerting rue farm, prom ~ at
gory, cad r tir mop rot to anything ever before mot, so 1t will
ever Mem* dew aotred in the tooth. All (ATOMS ire It them
arm, me, .a fall dtrectioris aie Mewed. Prepared only by
Mr. HOWARD, Berger Itentio, 17, Geof4e4l4.ltlt. HAMM.
mug., who wi:l reed it into the country free by pat.—Sold by
Itiwastrtreet; ranger, 14t, end Ileitrry, kb, Otfo.d.
atr et Midi. 4, Cheat ride; Johnston, 68, Combill ; and all medi-
ator 'come to the Mordant. Price 2e. 114.—Mr. H•tWAKI) mint-
ier. to aapply the Med With on Ms NEW ATITIE 4 of tif.LP.Alt.
NE.1074 without Whigs or wirer Tha antthe4 deco not require
the Immerser my teeth a. meta, or any *OW operation what.
ewe. -17. Ecorametreet, flimmerrauere. —At 11061111 mm 11 PI: 1.

It HUMAN HAIR. —The vopreet dented
.orses et r.owLAND,, MACASRAIIt Olt, dyer In prawn-
*gibe hag I,l*a original arearth aad beauty. ar thawing It when
bet,. unleerrally known and appreciated; and I. recorded by tedt-
rraii• mow ',itinerate in therewith*, end o 'tilled by the highest
eturi.ithe. It ha- oatmeal the .ICI4IMTO patrimage of royAlly, not
ea! ...wreath our two Court, but those of the whole of Ithrore.
tor he thou.*^ puniy and delicacy, It in admirably adapted far
me. of (imams, can of the wet lender are, cod a colotactil
two m •he Burn ry of royalty and by the Walt,* of the mad', and
u..'nr✓e. Price 3a. Mt or I amity bottles ;equal to four
Ma fa., and double that .fag, Its. On the wrapper of Geer
kit: le *the arum" an there wurila. In two town—t Mori:Pad.' Ns
a•-• • • Ill." read bp • . iW LAS D an; ,oNe, 2). Hatton-00,a,
red olds the, me mai per.vams.

To valuation, 30th October, 18i0:
Horses, 8 £Bo 0 0
Sheep
Bullocks, cows, and calves 473 0 0
Pigs 296 19 6
Implements, including 12 iron stack frames,
iron hunlles, &c.
Til.ages, hay and manure (the tillages in-
clude the cost of the unconsumed root
crop.)
T. labour (onlinary farm) 240 45 6
Ditto (treble trenching, and removing rocks
from 15 acres of laud) 9O 0 0
Ditto, in connexion with the lire stock in
yards, Ike.
- -- l5O 0 0

To rent ois 125 acres (1 indlord's measure) of
my own land, at 365. per acre
Ditto on 45 acres I rent, at 20s. per acre, 281 5 0
with ss. which 1 add for my improve- i
meats on it
Tithes, poor-rates, church, police, and sur-
veyor's rate, property tax, &c.
Tradesmen's bills. including purchase of a
Bentall's broadshare
Coals for steam-engine 55 15 0
Repairs to engine 2O 0 0
Miscellaneous payments
Man's wages, acting as engineer, miller, and
stoker to engine 39 8 11
Seed, corn, &c 4B 8 0
Live stock bought 7lO 12 0
Oil cake and corn, bought as food
_for stork 1,558 17 6k
interest on farm capital, 2,7001., at 3k per

cent . 91 10 0
Guano, euperphovh.ite of lime, and chalk,
bought m manure 135 7 8

.£5,688 19 10

By Valuation, October 30;1851 :
Horses, 5
Sheep 167 8
Bullocks, cows, and calves
l'igs
Implements 867 6
Tillages and manure 499 8
By wheat crop, 72 acres: average (including
one field injured by blight) 36 bushels of
marketable wheat per acre, is 2,592 bushels,
at 6s. per bushel 648 0
27i acres of potatoes, only half a crop having
been injured by drought, quality of pota-
toes good, selling at an average of Is.
to Is. 2il. per bushel ; 4,000 bushels in
all, the small on,. fur iced and consump-
tion by stuck
Meat and live moms sold 2,181 0 4
• ...

Wool sold 3O 17 2
Butter, &c., produce of eight cows 6O 10 0
~lisccllaueous receipts
By apparent deficiency to balance, arising en-
tirely from the large quantity of food pur-
cha-ed fur feeding stock, as per account
annexed, and 901. labour in treble-trench-
ing and removing rocks—a permanent im-
provement. This apparent deficiency is
amply compensated by the additional ma-
nure obtained 653 18 4

£MBB 19 10

I The most important fact he wishes to be deduced from
this balance-sheet is, that he makes 101. worth of meat and
51. of wheat fur every acre, while, in places in Sussex, the
gross value of the produce does not exceed 17s. An imme-
diate deficiency is disclosed by the balance-sheet, but that
is caused by the great amount of live stock and purchased
food, • sure source of future profit. By a subsequent
balance-sheet, (rum which the items of live stock and pur-
chased food are exclu •ed, be shows a profit of 111. 2s. Id.
on the year, in addition to 621. lOs. interest on capital.
After some observations on the value of purchased food to
land, and the retentive powers as regarded manure of
heavy clay soils, Mr. Mecbi proceeds to analyse the income
of the labourer, a .d finds that, in rather favourable cir-
cumstances, he does not receive sufficient to provide a very
low standard of subsistence for himself and family. In his
own case he is enabled to improve their living by means of
the number of beasts slaughtered on his farm, snit the
various modes he has of employing their families : but still
their condition is bad enough, and one case is cited
in which an old men had been obliged to use
one pair of blankets for fifty-six years. The compare-
! tire "slowness" of country boys he accounts for as
follows:—" We often complain of the slowness of country
boys, but do we allow for their low physical condition ? I
asked a boy once, what do you have for breskrist ? bread !
for dinner? bread!—for supper? oh, some hot cabbage.
Now the latter was a treat, but I /mow this to be a fact. It
is astonishing bow much a labourer will eat. A hearty hard
working man will consume lb. to 2 lbs. fur his dinner,
and eat upon an average 3 to 31 lbs. of bread per day, some
4 lbs. The reason they only buy the salted fat pork, with-
out lean or bone (which comes to London as bald pork) is,
that them is no waste. It is fried in thin slices, and every
'drop of fat or grease availed of as a 'relish ! "
Mr. Mechi then, in conclusion, congratulates himself
upon what have been the results of his exertions in his own
neighbourhood: "A new ponpollice, an titre general shop,