The Express.
London, England, 1865-08-21 00:00:00

while the multiplication of
of interchange between Canada
States is universally regarded _
sogg_lsess it should be thought wise to make laws
irtiolt contemplate a directly opposite end, and are
iatecded to restrict if not to prevest that very
remoter°. of which bridges are among the mast im•l
portant instruments. Nobody in the United Slates
shakes his head or hints • fear that the two
countries may be getting too many bridges in
common. That would be to reduce to a tangible
form an absurdity which often escapee recognition
when it is veiled in general and sounding phrases,
and accompanied with loud talk about national
interests. Just as little are the stock objections
of politicians heard in this me. Nobody on the
American side of the border recommends that
Canada shell be made to wait for bridges until
she is ready for political annexation, or pleads for
the refusal of facilities of communication with
". rebel sympathisers." These considerations are
reserved for the me of the Reciprocity Treaty,
which is in fact nothing but an international bridge
of its kind ; an imperfect one, it is true, but,
nevertheless, a bridge which, according to the COCx
mittee of the New York Board of Commerce, has,
since its adoption in 1854, given the United States
a trade amounting to upwards of 300 millions of
dollars. If such a treaty is bad, then these bridges
cannot be good for the United States ; and, on the
other hand, if they are good, the treaty cannot be
bed. The bridge-maker, with his architects, engi-
neers, and skilful workmen, and the protectionist
with his army of preventive officers, are at cross
purposes in so far as each succeeds and un-
does the work of the other. To place obstructions
on a bridge is so far to destroy the me of
that bridge, and thus to destroy the bridge
itself, which may be said to exist only as
it is useful. This is exactly what the oppo-
nents of the Reciprocity Treaty in the United
States—and they are to be found nowhere else--
are endeavouring to do, heedless of the serious
character of the injury which their success would
inflict on their own countrymen. An American
journal, the Detroit Free Press, remarks on this
subject :—" The farmers of Michigan and of the
" North-West know that it is • necessity for them,
" in order that they may get their produce to a
" market, that they should hers the use of the
" Canadian canals and the St. Lawrence river.
" The fishermen of New England know that it is
" a necessity for them that they should enjoy the
"right of entering the bays, channels, and inlets
"on the north-east coast, to procure and cure
" their fish, and they know the millions of dollars
" they can derive from thew advantages. They
" are oontroiled by a foreign government, and
" that government, in promoting the interests
" of its people, asks for certain advantages over
" which our Government has control. A recipe*-
" cal concession by each will secure wealth and
" increased prosperity to both. The people
of
" both oountries will be largely the gainers, and,
" therefore, the interests of both countries require
" the treaty. Yet such shortsighted and ignorant
" persons may be found in high places as to ob-
" ject to any treaty because Canada may derive
" the greatest advantages. They won's allow OW
" farmers to gain fifty millions a year, because
" Canadian railroads, canals, lumbermen, and
" farmers may gain seventy-five millions. Such
" stupidity can scarcely be realised, and yet it is
" every day met with."
We lately showed upon high American authority
that the balance of trade was largely in favour of
the United States. That is not a fact on which a
free-trader would lay stress ; but it should have
weight with those Americans who still adhere to
the theory of the mercantile system. The fact is
that the opponents of such a moderate degree of
freedom as the Reciprocity Treaty has hitherto
secured have not a single argument left which it
can be pretended is drawn from the circle of con-
siderations which should determine the practical
decision of the question. This is why they appeal
to political passion, imitating in this respect the
outworn vices of the Old World which they despise.

The Duke of Devonshire is at Bolton Abbey, his
seat is Yorkshire, entertalaing a large party of friends for
grouse shooting.
The Marquis of Hartington, M.P., has joined
the family Mode visiting the Duke of Devonshire at Bolton
Abbey, Yorkshire.
The Earl and Countess of Shaftesbury have gone
to Air.la-Chapelle, accompanied by the Ladies Ashley, for
a few weeks.
The Earl and Countess of Yarborough arrived
a few days since on a visit to the Countess (Dowager) el
Listowel, at her ladyabip'a residence in the county Cork.
The sable earl sod countess intend to be ie Loudon for the
wedding of the Earl of Lietowel end Miss Hese&
The Earl of St. Germans is in greatly improved
health. The noble earl is atlU on the cootiseat.
The Earl of Cawdor is entertaining a select
party of friends at Cawdoe Castle, Naireshire, for the
shooting seams.
The marriage of the Earl of Liatowel with Miss
Brae, wooed daughter of Lord and Lady Ernest Bente, is
to take piths towards the end of next month.
Lord and Lady Frederick Cavendish have arrived
at Bolton Abbey ea a visit to the Dabs of Devoashire.
Lady Hart has arrived at the Queen's Hotel,
Upper Norwood.
A deputation from the Foreign Cattle Trade
Association, consisting of Mr. C. Rieke (chairman), Mr. H.
Gebbardt, Mr. B. B. Baker, Mr. John Horick, Mr. M.
Pool, Mr. John Giblett, Mr. Jas. Brewster, Mr. W.
Guthrie; and Mr. Jae. Irwin. trammeled bruiser with Mr.
Waddiegtos at the Home-office on Saturday. Mr. Helps.
Clerk of the Privy Council, and Preform Syr:loads, were
present.
Despatches were received on Saturday at the
Colonial-ogee from the Governors of Cased& and Heli-
goland. Despatches were sent to the Canvasses of
Gibraltar, Malta, the Mauritius, Ceylon, Hong Kong,
Wigan, the Australian outonles, the Cape of Good Hops,
, Natal, and the North American provisoes.
QICEEN EMMA OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.—Her
Majesty Queen Emma of the Sendai& Mande is at pre.
seat the guest of Mr. J. F. Bateman, of Moor Perk. seer
Farnham. Surrey. The soot is not only one of romantics
beauty, but the horse itself was formerly the residence of
Sir William Temple and Dean Swift. Queen Emma has
viaited all the interesting places around, and on Friday pro-
ceeded in as open carriage to Aldershot Camp, where she
was received le a staff offi -er. The cavalry brigade, under
MaJouGenstal Hodge. C. 8., was put through a variety of
field movements in her presence, after which her Majesty
visited All Scioto' Military Church, the barracks, and the
getneadans, where the gymnastic instructors. under Major
Hamereley. performed a variety of feats. Her Majesty
seemed highly gratified. and after viaiting the General Hos-
pital and the Prince Cossort's Weary in the °amp, returned
to Moor Park.
VISIT OF MR. BRIGHT TO AMERICL.—The United
States frigate Colorado, 4i. sails immediately for England.
In eorealsethe of an cider. just received from President
Johnson, to waves, Mr. Bright to America, whither be is
invited es the meta the Americas bloke, in recognition
of his frieedlv 'entreats towards the Delos.
MAJOR F. H. De Vieux—lt was announced at
Chatham garrison last night that during the previous few
hours the comities of Major F. H. De Vent had heoome
alarmingly worse, rapid ieflamaistiou having set in, and
other serious symptoms developed themeelver. In answer
to our correspeadthes ithoiries, Major De Vire was stated
to be gradually sinking.
SANITARY IMPROYEMZ/CIR AT WOOLWICII.—Oce-
Taloa, were commenced on Saturday in Beresfordequare,
Woolwich. for the purpose of diverting part of the drainage
of the tows into the new soothers entail sewer. Wool.
with is, therefore, the first pariah that will be relieved of
the sewers under the present improved thirteen. The non.
tract has beer taken by Meath Mill and Beidell, the well-
known coetrectore of London, at a sod 010,0001.. and will
be carried out under the experienced superintendence of Mr.
J. &thereon ad Mr. John Barnett, eagineers to the Me-
tropolitan Board of Work'.

r%

ELECTION OF COUNT WALEWSICI.
MONT DE 14A1184/4, Auouer 21.
The election of a deputy to represent this town in
the Corps Legislatif took place to-day.
The number of electors.= the register 101,8 39,000,j
of whom about 29,000 voted.
Count Waleweki, the Government candidate, was
elected almost unanimously.

SIGNATURE OF THE CONVENTION BE-
TWEEN AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA.
SALZBURG, Acmes 21.
The Convention in reference to the oontinuanos
of the 00-dominbn of Austais and Prussia in the
Duchies was signed at noon yesterday.
The Emperor of Austria has returnel the visit
of the Grand Duke of Oldenburg.

CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN
IIAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, Auous2 21.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Ripon, with the heavy portion of the above mails,
has arrived here. She brings 200 passengers,
14694/. in specie, and a general cargo, including
1,256 bales of raw silk, value 80,0001 sterling. She
left Gibraltar en August 10, and on the same day
spoke the ships Renown and Result, and on the
19th the Champion of the Seas.
The gunboats Firefly and Radpole were at
Gibraltar.
Gibraltar : Exchange on London, 491 ; on Paris,
5.24 ; Gesos, 5.24 ; Madrid, 1 diA

OUTWARD INDIA AND CHINA MAILS.
MARSEILLES, /Locum 19..

The Messageries ImplUies steamer, Moerie,
left this port to-day with the mails, 41 passengers,
and specie value 181,7601 for India and China ;
155 passengers, and 4,0001. for Alexandria.
The Tiger, with the homeward mail, left Galls
for Suez on the 10th inst., with 0,000 bales of
silk.

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