The Express.
London, England, 1853-08-31 00:00:00

THE GRAIN TRADE OF 18534.

(From the Toronto Dad, Leader, August 10.)

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The wheat harvestof Canade is so far secured that
adverse weather could not operate much injury to that
crop. That the crop will be a full average one in point of
yield to the area sown there is no mono to doubt ; and as
little is there that the breadth of lend under wheat this
year was greeter then on any previous occasion. With us
it is not as with an old country, which is any particular
year may sow more or less by accident. We are every year
steadily increasing the area of arable land, and with it the
production of wheat. Consumption lags fu behind pro-
duction ; and, as a matter of course, we are every
year adding to the amount of our exports. To
afford a market for the increased productions not only
of Canada, but of other countries, it is necessary that
there should be an increased consumption in the coon-
, try that furnishes the market tot those productions.
And, in point of fact, we find the consumption of England
, keeping pace with the increased production of other parts
of the world. By a return just laid before the liousu of
Commons, it appears that the average quantity of wheat
and flour imported into England from 1828 to 1850 was
1,902,650 qrs. The period embraces two years, 1849 and
18.50, when wheat was admitted duty free, and one when
its admission was admitted duty free, the famine year of
1847. If these three years were taken out of the account,
the average importation during that period of restricted
trade would be much lea then stated.
In each of the years of 1849 and 1850 the importation
was more than double the average from 1828 to 1850,
being respectively 4,9%12,475 qrs. and 4,830,263 qrs. But
if we would obtain a correct idea of the increasing
capacity of England as a consumer of bread-stuffs,
we must look to the importations of 18.51 and
1852. In the former year the quantity was 5,310,412
qrs, and in the latter 6,089,606. It is well understood that
the breadth of land under wheat in Englund is this year
much less than the average. Taking this circumstance in
connexion with the progressive increase of importation
since the establishment of free trade, it will hardly be an
extravagant estimate that England will require to import
before tire harvest of 1854 about 8,000,000 qrs. of wheat.
Nor do we know any reason to conclude that the supply
will not be equal to the demand. At the ordinary rate of
increase Canada will, this year, export 2,750,000 busheals
of wheat more than in 18,52, making a total export of that
article of 8,2.50,000 bushels, or more than one eighth part
of all that England will require.
Our export of wheat, at the ordinary rate of increase,
will this year be equal to half the yearly average quantity
imported into England from 1828 to 18.50. In 1869 our
export will, at the present rate of progress, be equal in
quantity to all the wheat and flour annually imported into
k;nelanif for a period of twenty-three years, commencing
with 1828.
It thus appears that if England's power of consumption
had remained at the point it stood at before the reduction
of free trade, the production of wheat could never have
reached its present point, There would have been too
limited a market to stimulate production ; for where there
is not the demand, the supply will not be forthcoming. As
it is, consumption treads very closely on the heels of pro-
duction, and every branch of industry thus receives a con-
tinuous stimulus. . _

Of the wheat exporting countries the United States is
one that does not now increase its exports of that pro- ,
duct; and no augmented supplies can, under ordinary '
circumstances, be looked for with any certainty to that
quarter. Experience has shown that unless stimulated
by famine prices, the United States will not send to the
English mark, t more than its ordinary quantity of about
1100,000 buyhels of wheat. Of the greater quantity
%%Welt England will require this year, it is not likely
'hat the United Shstes will contribute any portion above
its usual amount. The wheat harvest in that country is
generally believed t, be a fair average one, but no more is
claimed for it. The increased demand of England for
breadatuffs has been surdied during the last four years
without any additional exports from the United States;
and there is reason to believe that this may occur again
during the present year. It is from other countries than
the United States that the extra supplies are to be expected,
and if the increased production in Canada, Wallachia,
Moldavia, Egypt, and New Russia, be equal to the is-
d demand, 'here is no reason to expect that wheat
will reach any exorbitant figure berm the harvest of
1844. What is certain is, that the increased production of
these countries has so far been equal to the demand, and it
is believed that this year they have had a greater breadth
of land under crop than in any of the last four years,
during which there has been so great an increase both in
he demand sod production of breadstuff's.

MASTER CrTLERS' FEAST.—Amongst those who
have accepted invitations to the cuth ra' feast, which will
be celehrated to morrow, are Lord Wharneliffe, Lord
Edward Howard, the Right Hon. Thomas Challis, the Lord
Mayor ot Lonihn ; the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of
York, Mr. Roebuck, M.P., Mr. liadfi,l(l, M.P., Mr. l'eto,
M.P., the lion. F. Stuart Wortley, the Mater of Donuts-
, ter, Mayor of Leeds, Mayer of Ripon, and Mayor ot Wake-
field. The company who now assemble around the board
of the muter cutler are v( ry different in manners and re-
finement from the nugli-and•ready old " files" of a former
period, when the arrival of the Marquis of Rockingham
I was announced by the twister in the following mode :
: " Nah, Isos. hou'd your row, there's t'me.ter marquis a
coming." Our forefatht n regaled not on turtle and iced
champagne, though we suppose " t'snester marquis" would
sometimes favour them with venison from his park ; and
instead of tea sad coffee, pipes and tobacco came at theta**
of the entertainment.—bAdiekl Times.