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London, England, 1849-10-09 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 9.
THERE is one portion of political science, viz., ad-
ministration, with which we English seem pro-
foundly ignorant Go into any
.department of the
state, any office, observe its organisation, Ps working,
its efficiency, its supervision, area its checks, and you
would say, as the materialists do of nature, that it was
but a fortuitous coogregation of atoms. Much
of this escapes attention and inquiry, and
such inquiry might perhaps be dangerous. There are
old Egyptian septettes of which the ornament and
disposition and mummy population retain all the
forms df life, but which the admission of out ray of
light would cause to crumble into dust.
There are Dome of these Coptic sepulchres, the old',
offices of state, into which a ray of light and of pub- '
licity have penetrated, and the havoc end disarray
which It has made the deathlike corruption which
it die:doled, were alasolirely startling arid literally sp:.•
palling to those who ventured in. Need we mentiod
the Woods and Forests. And yet we hear of. ao
clearing out and re-organisation of that office. It is'
not for want of indignation and disgust, but beceade
our statesmen do not know how to set about it.
Let as imagine the result of a minute inquiry into
how the Colooial-offies conducts the administration of
half the world : but let when* the closed doors still
closed, and contemplate those into which the public
has been called, and the walls of which are built of
glass for people to read what passes within. Let us
see, has this mended the matter?
There is the Poet-office, which government hr`
managed much as a child would arrange a box of
soldiers, drawieg two parties opposed ro one another
in hostile array. Thus the rank and file of the Pad-
dies are divided into the old school and the new;
each having thelr general commandant. There is
Colonel MABZIII,T at the head of the awkward squid
of old abuses, gad Mr. HOWLAND HILL wielding his
sword before the column of new reformer.. Atderevy
dine months we have a collision, or a battle royal, is
the midst of which the clerks create an swede,
mid the public clap their hands in glee' at
the fun of a Post-office insurrection. If .the
@Aire of the Post-office create embarrassment
is the government, all we an say is, that the semen-
meet richly deserve it, since nothing but embener;
meat could come cf such a syotem of weakness, sad
dissension, and organised insubord.nation.
But by far the most wonderful experiment in the
way of administering an office in a public depart-
ment has been made in the Commission of Seween.
We would not make government bear all the
Dar; as certainly the anomal'e:, and absurdi-
ties, and jobberies, and Nuabbleries of oar ma-
'mealiest of public works altogether premed
hour the utter corruption, perversion, and decay, into
which a succession ofaristoeratic government slowed
our municipal institutions to fall. Oar citizers, is
fact, for a full century went licking the shoes of the
Isaias, and the nobles repaid them by converting
Omit corporation and municipal rights into rotten
Ibmieughs and factories of mercennry members of per.
lament, so that the municipalities of the kingdom
lama sun the knowleige and tradition of their
rights, their duties, ant of all freedom that could
not be septenniaty prostituted or sold.
One of the gust rights and duties which the Mai.
cipal bodies throughout the kingdom neglected, was
that of providing for the public convenience and the
public health. Political parties were too busy making
war first upon the French, and then urn one ane-
ther, to think of ench vulgar came, and the cowls-
wince of their general neglect bus been a twofold
tinitedtiOd of the plague. Fur the eholerais evades
t
not:tine i
else than a sudden corruption of the '
with different symptoine,butevideutly sprieging,
the same cause, and producing the same fatal unwired
sad devastating effects.
Instead of tacking to sweep the sewers the new
broom, which is so proverbially effective, the ministry,
'meant of what was to be done, shrinkiog from re-
sponsibility, and afraid of vested rights—taut is,
sights Touted in ignorance and the most culpable irg-
lect—hit upon the wonderful expedient e convoking
a sewer parliament ; and in order that it might be a
complete parliament, they made a ministry, and an
opposition, one of innovators, the other of conserve-
tives--ecience on one side, prejudice a on the other.
The consequence, is that the cm:minden has emu
to resemble ore of its sewn", in which rival gases,
insteadof neutralising add to each other', offensive-
ess. and escape at a multitude of reeking gees-holes
to unite the disgust, surprise, and sometimes the
lasghter of the public.
Strange to relate, the government hit upon the
self-same mods of remedying this nuisance that one of
the active members of the commission did for the
sewers. The experiment of the latter was related in
ear jou_roaL Introducing a ce:cdoit flexible pipe jute
Sheba sewer, the hardy chemist brought the other
end le discharge its contents into the ashpit beneath
s great maneheesry furnace, in the hope that the
latter would swum the foul air of the sewer aloes
with its owe masks.
The analogise experiment of that moral chemist,
Lewd CAILUnie WY to fix one end of his pipe la the
ball of tie lifters Commission, whilst the other"od
wee brie& le abut and open beneath the apertures
adtbegreat limos aline. It was toped that the dime
viseeemisiostien thee established between the Sewers
Cheasliaira sad the lbws office would draw off all
theirs' eked** former, and came it to be consumed
shrug with the smoke oldie latter.
/a neither ems, however, has the experiment sac.
Mali& In both, the friendly furnaces, instead of
esisistiog the foul air caused it to explode, and
Wright as well as stink the people out of all pro-
,priety. When, previous to the explodes, a leathern
was let down into the sewer it was intently ex-
Anguished, every attempt to let in light being in-
strictly smothered in darkness, just se in the Sewers
Clemmision, no one can illame even a farthing candle
limit a glimmer upon the obscurity, without lly,
.imeux, wile seem the very cosmos of caches
bydragea in • human shape, instantly extinguishieg
the hobble light.
It is mule to be lamented this propensity of
gams:meet, whenever any t:ing is to be done, to
7
people, instead of doing, to talk. What would be
thug 1I of sending the Bawd at Admiralty to coca -
minds vessel of war, or consulting a juvenile debst-
ieg doh as to the best mode of putting down an in-
earrection. We wanes a dictator to drive a nail,
and lo! in lien of nominating a dictator, a statesman
monnotte all the geese of the Capitol, as if their
onside mild pcedbly amuse the Cloaca Merino.
searld ei

We regret to see that the President of the United
Sates, who has given so many proofs of a moderate
and pacific spirit, has found occasion, in so short an
"interval as that which has eloped eine* his installa-
tion, to fall into bickeiing and dispute, not only with
the dipl of France, bat with that of Eng-
land. Oar claim upon the Mosquito coast, and espe-
cially our having forcibly dispossessed the Ni-
egregious in January last of the town at the month
of tba over Bt. John, is the cause. The Americans
take part with Nicaragua, we uphold the right of the
Mosquitos to the river's month, or rather our own
right, in their name. And hence have arisen the,
materials for a very pretty quarrel.
We shall not at present enter into any detail on
the question of oar distinct right to uphold the hide.
ce of the Mosquito shore, or our supremacy over
t, and the extension of both to the settlement which
we call Grey Town, and the Nicaraguans St. John.
British protection of these Indians dates as far
bask as the re4git of Caawts L, when Lwri WAR-
WICK brought to England the son of the Mosquito
King, • compliment which he afterwards, however,
repaid, by making a formal cession of his territory to
the crown of England.

i yoke.
eintro-

.ao prUaano
maintain with

_ they t up argument by asserting ..eat
Spain having been unable to maiotaia her domain,
and having lost palely all timer end bold in that
sew world, the suzerainty over the Mosquitos reverted
de jure to Great Britain, as it also reverted de fee*
the Indians claiming anew, and receiving, Bridals
ote ction, and their king going to Jamaica or to
Belize to be crowned. A ceremony of this kind test
place in 1845.
There was no power interested at first in disputing
the revived claim of Great Britain. But when the
republic of Central America split up into its compo-
nent provinces, leaving each of them independent,
three of theirstates—hicaragus, Honduras, and Costa
Rica—put forward, as well as New Grenada, their
claims to the Mosquito territory. New Grenada
slaimed the coast beteitten the Baca del Toro and the
slyer St. John. Costa Rica advanc:d pretensions in
the same direction. Whilst the NiFeauguans actually
settled at the mouth of the river St. John in
1838. The person in command of the settlement not
only claimed for Nicaragua the post that he ooeupied,
but disowned the Mosquito flag and existence alto-
gether, denouncing the Indians and the European
eseflers as nomads and barbarians, whose existence
weld not be recognised. 'rho British replied by
taking possession of the fort early in January, 1849.
And the leaders of our foreign policy in parliament'
see bound, in a manner. to support British pretensions.
The present king's father having chimed British aid
in 1840, Lord ABERDEEN nominated a Consul-Geteral
far *Mosquito in 1844. Mr. elz...__RisTlE has been more
recently appointed uy Lord PALMERSTOY, who, in his
latter of May, last year, expressly maintains the Bri- '
tish claim to the port of St. Juan de Nicaraguay.
The. Americans, ho sever, uphold the right to this
fraction of the republic of Central America. And
they have sent en active agent to instruct and uphold
and give some consistency and vigour to the weak and
ever disturbed government of Nicaragua. On the
oiler hand, Mr. (Isamu has returned to this coun-
try -far institutions ; whilst a somewhat angry cor-
respondence hu taken plane on the subject between
the American government azd our Charge d'Affaires at
Washington.
As usual in quarrels of this kind it is not so much
the interest* of nice and the conflicting rights of
the original parties which form the real subject of
dispute. The MosqMbis and the Nicaraguans are but
stilling-horses made use of by England and by the
United States. The tenth is, that both countries have
discotered that the future places of transit across the
betimes can be no other than that along the river of
St. John and the Lake of Nicaragua. And both
countries are eager not to leave to the other the pea-
evasion or monopoly of such a passage.
This places ilia dispute on much higher ar d more
, serious grounds than the right of Mosquitos and Nica-
raguans. And the future interests are so great,
that the United States will probably contend fur them
with se muck pertinacity as they did for the Colom-
bia. Now, with all respect and regard
for the interests of Great Britain, we can-
not think that these require her to be-
come the keeper of the great passage across the
isthmus of Panama. That such a channel should be
opened, and should remain open, beyond the control
or any power, it the interest of the maritime world
The rival dells of England and of the United Suites
give an opportunity to all maritime countries to inter-
fere. The line of passage at proses: can really be
claimed by no one. Great Britain has the first and
beet right, rrhaps. But it would be invidious for her
to ir stst on keeping it exclusively. Nit:sinus is the
Suez of the new world. If it becomes the
property of either England or the United States, the
owners may elide up when they please. If it be left
to a weak power like Nicar:gea as the Jur dis
committed to Denmark, and the Dardanelles to Tur-
key, it will lead to complication, and struggles, and
WAIL
That line of transit should be made the world's
property, open to all, maintained by all—at least by
mentime powers. France, Englund, Russia, Hol-
lered, and Spain—all interested in having the shortert
piano open to the Pacife —should unite, and in
concert with the United States undertake the great
work, and establish that territory through which it
rues as neutral, and not to he seized or monopolised
by any. We are esnichmt that Elicited would lend
itself with anagneuriinity to any such project.
If this wee, applied to Nicaragua, the same princi-
ple should be sated upon with regard to Suez, except
that the ruins el Egypt, being the natural guardians
of that pus, mid not be deprived at least of the
police of the ptlplip, which, like that across the
American istlantap, ,1 to ba accomplished and
maintained at thedsilibilea Invents of all nations.

ILOSSUTH'S LET TO LORD PALMERSTON.

WIDDIN (TrazzY), Sin. 20.

Your Excellency iv. no doubt, already informed of
the fall of my country—unhappy Hungary, assuredly
worthy of a better fate.
It was not prompted by the spirit of disorder, or
the ambitions views of Lennon • it wits not a revolu-
tionary leaning which induced my native country to
accept the mortal struggle maintained so gloriously,
and brought, by nefarious means, to so unfortunate
an end.
Hungary has deserved from her kings the liistori-
ad epithet of " gene out " for she never allowed
herself to be surpassed in loyalty and faithful adher-
ence to her sovereigns by any nation in the world.
Nothing but the most revoiticg treachery, the
most tyrannical oppression, and cruelties unheard of
in the words of history—nothing bat the infernal
doom of annihilatica to her national elides's, pre-
served through a thousand years, through 'dramatise
so numerous, were able to rouse her to oppose the
fatal stroke aimed at her very life, to enabler her to
repulse the tyrannical mask *ills ungrateful Haps-
burghs, or to accept the struggle for life, honour, and
liberty forced upon her. And she has nobly fought
that hely battle, in which with the aid of Almighty
fisi die prevailed against Austria, whom we crashed
earth, standing firm even when attacked by
Ms Rood= giant in the oonacioneness of justice, in
epe hope in God, sad in our hope, Tay tad in the
g assess feeling of your great and glorious isation,i
Lis natural supporter of justice and humanity
throughout the world. But this is over: what
tyranny began has been by treachery excluded : on
ati sides abandoned, my poor country has fallen, not
through the overwWsaing power of two great
empires, but by the faults, and I may say the trams,
of her own sons.
To these untoward events, I pray God, that my
unhappy. country may be the only sacrifice, and that
the true interests of peso% freedom, and civilisation
through the world may not be involved in our un-
happy fate.
Mr. Francis Polaky, our diplomatic agent in Lon-
don, has received ample information as to the close
of this sudden and unlookedtce change in the sffairs
of Hungary, and is instracted to communicats it to
your Excellency, if you are graciously pleased to re-
ceive the same. It is not antipathy to Austria,
though so well merited at the hands of every Hun-
garian, but a true conviction which makes me say,
that even Austria has lost far more by her victory,
gained through Rama= aid, than she woad have list
in merited defeat through hosoerable arrangement.
Fallen from her position of a first-rate power, she has
now forfeited her aelf.consiatency, and has mak fats
the obedient instrument of Raman ambition and el
Russian amanitas.

Russia only has gamed at this sanguirary game : she
has extendtel rtd strengthened her inductee in the
eut of Europe, and threatens alr,ady, in a fearful
manner, with outstretching suns, not ot.ly the ii,teg-
ritr, but the moral basis the Turkish empire.
Mrty it please you, my lewd, to allow me to eom-
mnnicate to your Excellency a most revolt;ng condi-
tion which the Turkish government, at the sm4ges-
Hos of Russia, is about to impose upon us poor
homeless exiles.

• THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY BOWING. OCTOBER 9, fib'.
~.
RAMW ° 1-, ‘hk, ;,.
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aidis:•• er• to wftbdraw: aili-Bri ' sub-i to
TM ebbs maybe is dull ' -4.... e.
tzliit 431011lorttlIalill. •' • "•• . esethiest from tbezeis. sod earn- let
and the I=sorivigrAiosee' 4 ' .&: fee le N .. dunks and tbetlnitek --.... „. within the limits of' Wise. The is
though Os rate. • 6 model* eithe Weans
.oit. It '. . . amatmerer was pleaded and held ta be an Samp-
le bw desolp=sieg &Weft salkely ••• • UV West ladli Mai, ezdsdler l dot it time. Bat to 1788 we formally stipulated so
M Calakashuis. Meat Western and North Neon, Nenderee, New Orleans, end
thew ke Yeaeirs BR Jeen.d•-N Werscoate the Mosquito chore also, to abandon the th
%Orr& Other aim 2117 b• 'Waal 018- "IN ball ' e4ll lie side -edredft. --(frri#4 Wiese to Ilpasish rale, sad not to furnish these with lei
- ees, sp
as yesterday.
wiT ea" tk.ttlif.. . . arikari*. Ai— - -From.(eatff=al46g4 9if tieeigselOhrke• Pe
el= 11111=.-- ibeireat fee 0* *lll, • fttsoo. ftie s la* ale t the right to ditlitt •--tre-
lel
: : .11.1.1.41wa1` • • ligregkilgAl" milt -. a . . jriritiel supremacy hi -Mei maintritrh. es
i
... .., ... ~. LS If ' .11, so ea swabs of O. ' •• I quite
*I Deb ——i ir . Te. emu eft Marsoll66, to the idesitifflasugoin4t, bath that the Bpaakrds, notwithstuidiog the se
e•
.6
azwAM i
tiff 64
:r .
~oprioeinto,begroznytgage, ae, will bs me&a up 4106 i Vestal. y
shad
(s 1788,but . sever
win ohbratened. so;rfootbylog
theee caw,
is s Sins OM
se le ere . nags far bledeire, tb• Dradie, end Baum Ayres, Indiana in their attempt at the Bleak River. th
3 slibie4 .., 'MU be ads op on the enemies el Nov. 6. ' Ac 4 they follow up th,
_argument by Foaartiall that le