The Express.
London, England, 1851-01-06 00:00:00

gite erprtglii.

the necessity of dissimulation imposed upon them.
No foreign minister. even of England, durst brave a
general alliance of all those powers in Europe Who wield
the monopoly of large armies and military resources.
Russia, Austria, and Prussia have now re-entered into
that holy alliance for the suppression of liberal tenden-
cies which they so vainly tried 30 years ego, whilst
France, its people bent on either order or disorder,
and i.e rulers on petty squabbling for power, has
'ither the spirit nor the leisure to interfere. In such
a state of Europe, cirenenspectness meet perforce be
the cheracteridic of the English foreign minister.
And there are many who would stretch that circum-
spectoess to the length of interested and feigned com-
plicity and sympathy with the allied despotism whisk
sow prevails.
But whatever may be the meanness °Mud* Si
shii/len, or of candidate ministers, and of these
lemons of the press who abandon the public interest,
sentiment, and cause, in order to become the mere
mouthpieces of a man or a clique, there is no neces-
sity, but, on the contrary, deep implicy, in the
nation's flinging aside its naturally liberal sympathies,
and affecting to worship a Heveen or revere a
SCRWARZENBERG. The English public, which cannot
be suspected of being aggressive, or even propa-
gandist, have no need of affecting adherence to
despotism, or, like the Duch in Japan treading on
the cross in order to be allowed to trade, profess our-
selves humble admirers of HATNAU, and partial re-
specters of Nicnotss, in order that we may be
received into their conservative alliance.
Let statesmen bow, and intrigue, and wriggle be-
tween liberalism and illiberalism—that is their pro-
fession—but let the British public follow a straight-
forward course, and repudiate those who have com-
promised the cense of liberty by their assaults upon
property as well as on the just laws of society and of
religion, as well as those who deem the world again
ripe for the application of brute force, and for the
ignoring of every other principle of government,
save violence and fear.
Whatever may betide the world, even if the whole
continent be destined to undergo the yoke of despo-
tism, and if the "era of the C.EdARS" have indeed
again returned, still principle and honour must prompt
us to avow those sympathies which not all the dissi-
mulation and abnegation on our part would make
the allied despots believe we are really without.
The duration of military despotism, at least in
central Eur'pe, is an utter imp-seibility. And
if armies have been made overwhelming by their
numbers, they are rendered unmanageable by
the same numbers. And ern many years eloper,
we shall have as many parties iu them as there arc
in the people, whom they are destined to devour
and to oppress. Ai to Germany, its revolution is
but commencing. Its thirty year. of peace are over.
And we see as little chance of` the dualism of Austria
and Prussia subjecting Germany by any new Bond
lat Dresden, as of the Frankfort parliament subduing'
Austria and Prussia by votes and long speeches.
The day is not distant when the popular party will
be In Germany, where court parties are at preempt,
is the ascendant. Atd it must not be then said that
we encouraged or chimed in with any brutal system
of repression sad reaction.
It is therefore with great pleasure that we beheld
in our columns a long subscription list, signed by the
first houses concerned in the German trade, in favour
of the victims of Hesse. If ever there was resistance
constitutionally made without blood, without disorder,
without appeal to any bad passions, or the awakening
of one subversive principle, it was that unanimous
resistance of the Hessians, before the unanimity of
which the Elector of HESSE fled. Lett to him-
self, the ELECTOR, bad as he is, would not
have quarrelled with his people; and left to him-
self, he afterwards would have become reconciled
to them and to the constitution. But the Etrcron
was a cat's-paw in the hands of the Frankfort Diet to
wound and provoke Prussia in the first instance, and
then to humble her. lIASSENTFIXO hmself admitted
that the resistance and flight of the ELECTOR were
solely done in obedience to the Diet. A more Ma-
chievelian, illegal, or unwarranted interference or
intrigue never took effect for the oppression of
a brave and constitutional people. Had there re-
omitted one spark of heroism in the breast of
Prussia, Ilesse should have been defended in its con-
stitutional rights. But the meanness with which
Hesse was abandoned is only to be equalled by the
batsmen' and overbearing trickery with which that
country has been oppressed. Prussia throughout
acted the part of JUDAS, first supporting the re•
signals" of the Hessians, then preventing the ELECTOR
from compounding with that resistarce, whilst its
lair act forms such a climes of treachery, that it will
be indelibly written upon every German heart.
At the last hour the Hessian. were told that a
Prussian and an Austrian Commissioner were coming
to arrange their affairs. The Hessians of course looked
to the Prussian as their protector and friend. lie
counselled them to submit, to acknowledge the autho-
rity of the Dirt, and that in return they should have
fair trete ment and conditions. They submitted; but
on mentioning the conditions to the Austrian Commis-
sioner, the latter exclaimed, " Who is this
Premien—this PECCKER ? lie has no authority
I here. I em the representative of the Diet ;
be is nothing, and has the power neither to promise
aught nor to protect any one." To such treacherous
falsehood, and to such humiliating castigation and
insult, did the Commissioner descend, in order
that he might successfully play the part of JUDAS to
the Hessians,. Laminar, is wanting to characterise
such baseness.
Meantime the officers of the Herein army, and too
many of the civilian functiowiries of the electorate,
are the victims of adherence to their con-
stitution. They are turned adrift, deprived
of livelihood, and of all hope save in revela-
tion. A short month back coed Prussia seemed to offer
them a refuge; for it was in the clew of Prussia, as
well as of constitutional freedom, that they were
sacrificed. But Prussia itself has since then been as
much betrayed and subdued as Hive. The coostita-
tiers is nullified, and the kingdom of the great
FREDERICK laid at the feet of the Austrian minister,
who declares in a proclamation that he magnanimously
refrained from conquering and humiliating Prussia.
The answer to which from the court of Berlin was en
invitation to that Austrian minister to become its
guest.
This 'efficiently proves that Freesia offers no re-
treat to honourable men and constitutionalists. The
Hessian officers must become exiles not merely from
the land of their allegiance, but from Germany, over
which the united eagles of despotism irresistibly
reign, and wherein consequence nothing but servility
can be tolerated. We trust, however, that the sub-
scriptions of the Germans and the English will suffice
to secure to these noble victims a pittance and a
refuge, until such time as the present tyranny be over-
thrown.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
betelletuvete Weeded foe "The Ezprok• Lapdog Evening pence,
men be et the Ince, 10 llouveriegtreet, b Ivro o'clock on the

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Too DAv-11nrnar. O. M. 40m.
TlOniallOW—Marefiss. M. Ma. —..Attermsf, 51a. ICm.

LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 6.

ir appears hum the abstract of the net produce of
the revenue of Greet Britain for the year ►nd quarter
traded 6th 'eatery, 1831, that notwithstanding a de- i
crease of 109,4281. is the quarter's revenue, as coca-
pared with that of the corresponding quarter of the
preceding year, the revenue of the year 1859 exceeds
that of the year 1849 by 161,9221.
It is scarcely necessary to remind our readers that
this return leaves the account ( f the yeses receipts
still incomplete. The revenue of Ireland has still to
be accounted for. According to the finance accounts
which the House of Commons ordered to be printed
on the 20th of last March, the total payments into
the Exchequer fir Great Britain in 1849 amounted
to 49,636,13114 the payments far Ireland to 3,711,3041.
Tilt the Irish accounts have been rendered it will be
imporesible to say whether there has been an increase
or a decrease on the total income cf the empire for the
year.
There is another consideration which forbids us to
build to confidently on the flattering tale of an
increase of 164,9221. in the British revenue for 1880
se cm.pared with that of 1819. The increase may
almost be said to be confined to the Excise. It is the
increase of 250,116/. in that branch (with the trilling
additions of 56,3291. in the taxes and 14,0001. in the
Post•oflicc) that has turned the balance against a
decrease in all the other items of ordinary revenue.
And the increase in the Excise is said to be on the
articles melt, hope, spirits, and soap—principally on
the two former. Now it will be in the recollection of
oar readers that in 1849 there was a decrease in the
Facies of 890)01. as compared with the receipts of
the preceding year, arising wholly from the postpone-
ment of the hop duty.
We also regret to observe that a mystification,
which we felt ourselves called upon to expose
in the returns for 1849, is retained in the returns for
1850. An attempt is mule to show a surplus of
revenue over expenditure—or at least a greater sur-
plus than actually exies—for the quarter just ended,
by di ducting the charge on the consolidated fund,
and the =court honied for supply services is England
alone from the quarter's revenue. No attempt is•made
to estimate what will be required to meet the de-
mands for supply services out of England. On this
device we have only to repeat our last year's remarks :
"No indication is afforded as to how the balance of
supply and expenditure on the whole year stands.
An unreal surplus is made to appear in order to serve
the purposes of the moment, and arrest the sager calls
for economy and retrenchment which are being
raised in all parts of the kingdom."
We dwell upon these fact, only because, concurring
with other indications, they seem to imply a resole,-
tion, as the part of ministers, once more to shriek from
any attempt at a comprehensive reform in our finan-
cial system. They will, when parliament meets, seek
to parade as great an apparent surplus of revenue,
with a view to persuade the public that all requisite
reductions of taxation may be accomplished by its
means alone.

There is indeed lees chance of their succeeding
in this from the circumstance that the discussion
of the continuance or discontinuance of the income
tax, will of necessity open the whole question of
general taxation. Incomplete though the return we
publish to-day bo as an index of the state of the
national fiu►nees, it is full of instruction on this head.
The return contains only • part of the national
income for the year ; it contains no indication of the
actual expenditure of the year; but it establiahes
satisfactonly the wisdom of the policy which has led
parliament to remit so many taxes as obstructive to
trade. Year after year enetoma duties and excise
duties—first one and then another—have been dimi-
nished or repealed without any reduction of the
revenue : the greater productiveness of the remain-
ing more moderate duties has more than compensated
for what has been taken off.
Much has been done in the way of affording relief
by the remission of duties upon imports : it is high
time that an experiment were made as to what can
be done by remitting duties upon exports. The
excite, duties oa malt, hops, spirits, soap and
paper, are in fact duties upon exports; prevent-
ing the creation or extension of an export trade in
these articles, or in those of which they areas it were
the raw materials. The agricultural advocates of
the repeal of the malt and hop duties seem to be
resting on their oars, but the opponents of the con-
tinuance of the paper duty are already vigorously in
the field; and, unless we are misinformed, the suf-
ferers by the soap duty, including • numerous class of
consumers as well as manufacturers, are about to fol-
low their example.
It must, however, bo kept in mind that any satis-
factory and sensibly beneficial reduction of taxation
must of necessity be preceded by a reduction of ex-
penditure. The remissions required to bring tier-
tam absolute necessaries within the reach of the
masses, and to give free play to the ingenuity and
enterprise of our manufacturers, cannot be made on
the strength of surpluses alone. The expenditure on
our defensive establishments must be curtailed in
a more trenchant manner than parliament has yet
ventured on.

TIIERE never was a time in which it wu eo in-
cumbent on those nations, we had almost said, upon
that nation, which Providence has blessed with free-
dom and independence, to show how deeply and
truly it sympathises with those of other countries
who in pursuit of that same constitutional and righte-
ous freedom which has distinguished us, have failed of
our good fortune and wanted an opportunity for se-
curing it, sad who now suffer the vengeance of des-
potism in so glorious a cause.
The time is past, indeed, when England could in-
terfere by arms or menaces of arms, even to uphold
the weak and to redress the injured. With the
mighty armies which now occupy and weigh upon
the continent, it is plain that nothing but public
opinion can contend ; public opinion, becoming en-
lightened and unanimous in a great people, conscious
of what it aims a•, and possessed of men able and
honest to acconspilsh their aims. All we can give is
our share of light, of sympathy, and of adhesion to
the great poser of *mu.
In giving this adhes'on we can no longer count
upon our g.iverntntat. Ministers and diplomatists, even
admitting that they ft• 1 liberal tendencies, have still

Sins the aNaieitkel ha 1797 by England of the
Cape of Good Hope, we have been engaged in no
fewer than four prolonged wars with the Caff,es. The
teat of them wars cost, it has been stated, the tax-
payers of this country very nearly two millions ster-
ling; and it is probably underneath the mark to pre-
sume that in the last half century nearly five millions
sterling have been spent in fighting with these appa-
rently irreclaimable thieve, and savages: all because
the Colonial-office would persist, against all evidence,
in believing them to be the contrary.
During the same period we have by slow degree.
alienated the allegiance of the Dutch farmers, Of
Boers as they are celled; we have forced large num-
bers of that phlegmatic race, tenacious by tempera-
ment of homes they have once adopted, to shed
their farms in British territories and to seek their
(octanes beyond the depressing influences of
oar colonial system; we have followed them with
perverse claims of our jealous sovereignty to their
new settlements, and seen them thence doggedly re-
sume their march still further beyond the bounds of
civilisation, rather than endure oar dominion; we
have refused those who yet remain our subjects, on
frontiers attractive to savage, by their herds and
flocks, permission to defend themselves against in-1
roads and harrying, that are quite intolerable; and
when our immunity to the savages has at last ren-
dered war inevitable, we, that is the governing'
powers of England, have coolly attributed it to the
misconduct of the Boers who have been plundered.
For half a century we have allowed this great
colony of South Africa to be ruled by a succession of,
sentimental colonial semetarite, by their literary and
sickly philanthropic clerks, and by old aoldiere,l
selected as governors because it is the fashion to ra-
gard the Cape of Good /lope itself as a point in'
the military defence of India, regardless c f
the colony behind it, as an immense territorial
possession. We have pertinaciously refused it a con-

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 6. 1851.

'Station ; now on the pretence that the mass of its
population were not of British origin, and not there-
tore entitled to the privilege of free institutions; then
on the plea that the principle of representation was
inapplicable to so scattered a 'ovulation. We have
attempted to discharge into it the moral filth of our
convict Priem, and have been driven back in the
attempt mistimes amounting in principle to re-
bellion. ad now that we have promised the Cape
colonists &constitution of our own concocting, they
have sent one over of their own for our adoption.
No better example of the treatment the Cape has
received at the hands of the Colonial-office can be
given than is to be seen in the former and present
connexion of Sir HARRY SMITH with the colony.
When Sir BENJAMIN DURBAN we. governor, Sir
HARRY, then Major SMITH, had command of the hand-
full of troops that guarded the frontier. Without
provocation and without notice the Caffres burst on
the colony, carrying plunder, devastation, fire, ruin,
and slaughter before them, ravaging the whole fron-
tier province, and forcing its unhappy population
back into the interior. Such was the origin of the
Caffre war before the last. With bat scant military
aid, those two fine old soldiers, Sir BENJAMIN D'UR-
BAN and Major SMITH, entered on the defence of the
colony thus invaded, and on the punishment of the in-
vaders; contending resolutely and bravely for nearly
eighteen months against vastly superior num-
bers, indomitable courage, ruthless savagery,
a country unfit for the operations of civilisei
warfare. For thirteen months of that period, Sir
BENJAMIN DURBAN was left without further com-
munications from the Colonial office on the war, than
bare and formal acknowledgments of his despatches
narrating its occurrence,. At last, however, he and
I Sir HARRY brought the Claims to submission, obliged
them to enter into treaties which contained at least
some security for their future good conduct, advanced
our frontier from an artificial to a naturally defensible
line, and thereby added a new and fertile province to
the colony. Yet no sooner was the war over and
these great results attained in its termination, than
the Colonial office, which had slept during its
progress, awoke with • vengeance, and pronounc-
ing the war unjust in its origin, cruel in its
progress and ambitious in its termination, gave the
MASAN treaties to the winds, retired front the fron-
tier, resigned the provinces, and exhibited each a
weakness as by degrees infused new courage .into
those savages, the fruits of which were reaped in the
last war and its coat of two millions sterling. But
more; when Sir BENJAMIN DURBAN and Sir 'lwo'
SMITH, resenting this treatment, warmly defended
themselves from the charges of the Colonial-office, Sir
BENJAMIN was dismissed from the government,
and left to fret nearly all the remainder of his
life away in poverty at Cap Town; and Sir HARRY
was removed from the very colony, to which
be has returned with all the laurels of Aliwal.

FRANCE.

RESIGNATION OF THE FRENCH MINISTRY.

PARIS, SATICEDAT EVENING.
An extraordinary agitation was visible in the
Assembly at the commencement of the sitting of to-
day. Rumours were circulated of the resignation
of the entire cabinet. The ministers, who were all
present, with the exception of General Schramm,
were surrounded and questioned by a crowd of repre-
sentatives. Numerous groups were engaged in
earnest and animated discussion on all hands. Never-
theless no official news of the resignation of the
cabinet was given, and the house set about discussing
the propositions on the order of the day.
Later it was reported with more certainty that all
the ministers had resigned, but the President on their
resignations being tendered replied that he would
deliberate.
M. At attnoci,the pe NOE al friend of the President,was
summoned to the Elysee, and charged to make pro-
posals to M. Odillon Barrot, who however declined
the task of forming a ministry.
M. Leon Faucher and M. Leon de Malleville were

mentioned as likely to become members of the new
cabinet.

-------
The moment chosen by the ministers for throwing
up office excited surprise, as they had so recently two
fit opportunities for declaring their intention to retire,
namely, when they were defeated on the motion of
M. de Laroebejacquelin for the liberation of M. Man.
guin, and when the bureau of the Assembly insisted
upon retaining M. You in office. On both these
occasions public opinion tends strongly to condemn
the onduct of the assembly.
Yesterday the legislature evinced afresh a spirit of
opposition against the government which looked
Lotions and unreasonable. The Minister of War,
_

General Schramm, requested the delay of a day or two
to discover the instructions attributed to General
Changarnier, which were issued 29 months back, and
which be had not been able to fled among the papers
of the War-office. The Assembly rejected this appa-
rently reasonable request by a large majority. Their
motive was to protect General Changarnier, who im-
mediately appeared in the tribune to give those ex-
planations which had been demanded in vain from
the Minister of War. Another act of hostility against
the government was naming the questors presidents
of their bureaux in the monthly renewal of these after
they had supported M. lon, and one of them, General
WU, bad insulted the President of the Republic by
retiring from the Elysee on the evening of the 31st
December, in company with General Bedeau.
.

The explanations of General Changarnier would
have been more satisfactory if 1c had specified in
what points the articles alleged by the Pattie as form-
ing a part of his order of the day were incorrect. He
said that they were only intended to be applied during
the battle, in order to maintain a strict unity of com-
mand. So that the instructions were neither perma-
nent nor temporary, but reserved for the case of an
emegtte. He denied that he had ever called in ques-
tion the sovereignty of the Assembly, and said that
the instructions might be seen in print by referring
'to the newspapers of the period, when they were
is-ued. Only three members of the mountain, MM.
Miot, Bourzat, and Valentine, rose with M. Napoleon
Bonaparte against the pure and simple order of the
day. M. Napoleon Bonaparte's motived order of the
day, calling en the Assembly to blame the instruc-
tions, did not therefore come to the vote.

But why now recur to this narrative? Because,
again, there are rumours of another invasion of the
Ceffres ; because those rumours have carried Sir
HARRY SMITH in four days from Cape Town to the
frontiers, there to hold a meeting with the Cafes
chiefs; Yeeause both the honour and the pocket of
England are deeply interested in that interview. Lord
GREY has, it is true, told the colonists that they mast
themselves pay the cost of the next Caffre war. But
to make such an announcement is not to secure its
realisation on the occurrence of such an event. The
colonists have not the means of paying two millions
sterling for a Caffre war; and we may rely on it, that
if another war break out, it is England, and not
the Cape, that will have to pay its cost.
Some little attention is then due for our own sakes
to what is passing on the Caffre frontier,.
The chiefs who responded to Sir HAIRY Stunt's
summons, and met him at Williamatown on the 26th
October, had, as all Caffre chiefs usually have on
such occasions, peace on their tongues; they wire
submissive in language, and expressed a preference
for British rule. But by far the moat important of
the chiefs, SANDILLA, absented himself ; he sent, to be
sure, an excuse, a lame one: "he was ill; bad had a
fall from his hone, and could not ride." But this Sir
HARRY SMITH'S knowledge of Caffre character ena-
bled him to treat at once as it destrved. "It was a
lie. SANDILLA was afraid." Now this absentee is

The majority of the Assembly excuse their un-
courteous treatment of General Schramm by saying
that the whole affair of the alleged instructions,
first brought forward by the Petrie, a paper
in the confidence of the Eisler., was a plot
of the government to sow dissension between Gen.
' Changarnier and the Assembly, and they insisted,
therefore, that accusations of so suspicious a cha-
racter, and tending to place the character of the
commander-in-chief in so questionable a light should
to cleared up without a moment's delay; while the
government, wordless to the view of the majority,
entertained a disloyal wish to take advantage of
these imputations in order to set the Assembly and
its military champion at odds.
The .Assembly, in its sitting of to-day, adopted with-
out debate, by 618 votes against 12, a bill, openirg a
credit for the new valuation of territorial revenues.
Two articles of the bill on mortgage reform were also
passed, and the further debate on this m asure was
adjourned to Monday. The Assembly then pro-
ceeded, notwithstanding vigorous remonstrances from
various quarters, to the last deliberation upon the
proposition of M. Deanne!, relative to the cultiva-
tion of a part of the property of communes.
Humours prevailed that a message was expected,
announcing the formation of a new ministry.
The bourse was greatly agitated by the rumlurs
which prevailed concerning the resignation of the
ministry. It was said that office had been offered to
tie most liberal section of the Tiers-parti. A sort of
panic was the immediate consequence of the dispersion
of this news. The Fives fell suddenly from 91.85 to
94.40, and then declined to 91.10, but then rallied
somewhat, and closed at 94.40. The Threes and the
New Loan also fell 35 centimes.
Mr. Henry Lushington, secretary of the government
for Malta, arrived in Paris this evening, on his return
to that island, to resume his official defier, after a
short term of leave of absence in England.
P.s.—Altheugh the resignation of the ministers
was considered as certain, no official announcement,
according to the account of your reporter, had been
made in the Chamber when the sitting broke up.
SUNDAY EVENING.
Al hough no official announcement with regard toi
the reeignation of the ministers was made either yes-
terday in the Assembly or in the 1414niEur of this
morning, still no doubt exists as to the fact, and it is
announced as equally certain that their resignations
were accepted last night by the President.
M. Curlier, the prefect of. pollee, has given in his
resignation.
I understand that overtures, but not of an official
character, hare been made to M. Odilon Barrot to
undertake the formation of a cabinet. M. Barrot
replied to M. Abbatacci, through whom these offers
were made, that he could cot consent to take office
without the co-operation of M. Dufaare as a colleague.
M. Dufaure has, however, declined to become a mem-
ber of the cabinet. His motives for standing aloof
may be briefly explained. The first question
which the Lew cabinet will have to encounter
will be that of the dotation, the credits previously
voted for the " expenses of representation " having
expired with the old year. Now it has been found
by experience that the deperdants of the Elysee, how-
ever quiet and humble on the eve of such supplies
being voted, no sooner pocket the munificent largesses
of the President than they become wild and unma-
nageable. All those schemes entertained by hot-
headed partisans, which languished for want of
money, are suddenly revived. The Bonapartist
papers teem with sallies injurious to the
dignity of the Assembly. The rank fruits of profu-
sion are manifested in the disorder and insolence
which prevails in the immediate neighbourhood of
the President. Louis Napoleo nhimaelf, whose many
good qualities are denied by no one, cannot entirely
escape from the influence of a vulgar and intemperate
entourage. M. Dufaure and others, like M. Gustave
de Beaumont, who think with him, and entertain a
high sense of parliamentary dignity, could not poe-
sibly accept office with the prospect before their eyes
of a perpetual conflict, descending to the most miser-
able trifles, with such a Bonapartist carmine.
M. Dufaure sees no sufficient gnarantee for the stability
and authority of the cabinet, of which he would form
part, after the Dotation Bill were voted, and naturally
declines a position which would turn his parliamentary
inflame to a temporary and interested use. If,
therefore, M. Odilon Barret insist upon the co-opera-
tion of M. Dufaure as a receasary condition to his
own acceptance of office, he cannot be expected to
lerd the authority of his name to the new cabinet. I
shall proceed to examine briefly the other
possible combinations in the composition of
a new government. The first which prevents
tself is that of the old parliamentary chiefs,
Mole, Thiers, Berryer, Montalembert, and others. A
cabinet formed by such at the present moment is im-
practicable, because it supposes complete union be-
, tween those two powers, which are now divided by
the deepest schism. Besides, all those arguments
which deter M. Dufaure from coming forward are
equally applicable to the chiefs in question. On the
other band, in order to form a ministry of the Left,
there are no men in whom the Assembly could place
sufficient confidence to support them in a single mea-
sure. M. Pascal Duprat and M. Grevy are
two of the only names on that side of the house which
would even command the rest of the Assembly;
far General Cavaignec svcildpec certainly decline to
take office. And a cabinet of which those two !epee-

the great authority amongst the Wires, the great
enemy, too, of British power, the great
thief of British cattle. A meeting, then, of
the chiefs, however largely attended, without
SANDILLA can signify little ; but in addition to
the significance of his absence, the meeting was not
numerously attended : there were only 350 chiefs at
Williamstown. Tt.e result of the interview has not,
therefore, however pacific its language, inspired much
'confidence in the long preservation of peace.
Sir HARRY Sarni addressed them in the only lan-
guage Caffre chiefs can understand :

- if they were not banpy, and wanted war, he would make
war wi:la them (bolding up a long stick with a brass knob
at the end, culled generally " the stick of peace.") I will
make war, sad bring my troops from Caps Town in (via
days, et I cam. myself, and 1 will drive you all over the
Kei, and get Knit to driv, you to the Umzintsoobo, and I
will be there ton —I area there once—you know it—a. d
then set Film hackies you further; and then you will be
scattered over the earth ns beasts of the field and vagabonds.
Bat the good I will protect and s-slat, and be their father ;
" and," he said, " I will kill every one that will not fight on
my side. There is a God above—He knows all things."
Such language sounds bellicose and cruel ; but.
addressed to Catfres, it is really peaceful and kind,
It intimates to them that the British authorities have
• policy, have made ap their minds, are prepared for
war, and will rival them in the horrors of war. And
it is only by a knowledge of this that Cairo
ambition and aggression cin be restrained. The other
policy, that of sentiment, of philanthropy, of appear-
ing afraid, of being irresolute in language, of submit
titg to robbery, of endeavouring to treat with aggres-
sion, has been tried, and has again and again foiled.
It is then earnestly to be hoped that Sir HABRY
Small will not leave the frontiers until his agents
have brought SANDILLA and the other principal,
chiefs into Williamstown, and until he has repeated
these warnings to them.
But while sanctioning the use of this strong, and
to all appearance this horrible language, let no not be
supposed to advocate any unnecessary hostilities.
Our object in drawing attention to this subject is, first
to show the Colonial-office, that if we are to have ano-
ther Cadre war, the eyes of the country will be on it;
and then to inquire why it is that under British rule
there is a constant succession of these wars which
were not to be found under the Dutch rule of the Cape
colony.
To our apprehension, the cause of Dutch exemption
is clear enough. They allowed the frontier Boers to
form a system of defence of their own ; to unite for
the protection of their persons and cattle; and to
recover for themselves the property they had lost.
Doubtless, under the old commando system, as it was
called, some cruelties did occasionally occur; but in
the main it preserved peace, and it saved the colony
and the metropolitan colony from the continual recur-
rence of costly wars. We have reversed this system;
instead of combination of frontier settlers for their
own protection, we have posts and soldiers, and agents
and police; we refuse to let the Boers take
care of them sa experience proved they can;
and we have mimed their protection, and events
have proved we cannot give it. The truth is, that all
the evils of this fine colony result in one way or other
from our treatment of the Boers. We have op-
pressed them, and have philandered with savages.
The consequences are Care wars on the frontier and
disaffec, ion in the interior; and so it will continue to
be until the Colonial-office reverses its policy and
behaves to the Boers as their Dumber,, their wealth,
their importance, and their sterling worth, demand.

TURKEY.—A letter from C3nstantinople of the
15th ult. in the Concordia of Turin, states that in
order to compensate for the loos of the Nehri Sherket
man-of-war, which blew up some time ago, great
activity is displayed in preparing to launch the Nish-
mudie, of 142 guns, the Peiki-Messeret, of 94 guns,
the Sheid-Sade steam frigate, of 16 guns, and two
sailing frigates, one of 64, and the other of 62 guns.
It is said that they will be afloat in the course of two
months. The officers of the Turkish navy are re-
ceiving daily instruction under the direction of Capt.
Slade. The letter adds that the Sultan has lamed a
Slim= granting the same privileges to the Anglican
church as those enjoyed by the Roman catholic creed.

THE FRENCH Dirrtza ON ENGLISH :CoAL.—On
Wedn,sday, the South Shields Conned adopted a 01011101
In favour of an equalisetion of the French duties on the
admired= of BegUsh and Belgian coal. Lord Pa!mentos,
acknowledgier the receipt of the memorlel /rem the Sun-
derland council, Matta that "her Majesty's government are
in communication with tho French government opt the
mattes.

sentatives formed the sinews certa,nly could not
stand a week. An Elvers ministry is scarcely more
prac'icable for parliamentary purposes than one of
the Left. A cabinet formed of MM. Ahbatucci (the
father), Fielin de Persigny, Generals Itrgnault to
Angely and Baraguay d'Hilliers would certakly
not receive from the Chamber so much deference
as the ministry which has just resigned, and of which
two members at least, Baroche sad Lattitte, main-
taibed generally an excellent understanding with the
majority. Besides. the President's personal friends
would hardly be the most proper persons whom he
could select to make a pecuniary application in hie
behalf to the Chamber.

I have now to state, in conclusion, what appears to
me, from all I can collect, after consulting the beet
authorities, the most probable, and, to all appearance,
the only practicable solution of the present crisis. It is
evident from what I have stated that the new minis
try must repose on two principles. It must be friendly
to the President in a personal point of c iew, and it
must have a decided preponderance in the parliament.
The most natural fulfilment of these conditiote would
be a combination of the tiers-parli and the El) eke.
As a parliamentary name, that of Odilon Barrot is a
Itower of strength. Hence, great efforts will be made
to make him the pivot of the new cabinet. And I
believe that his scruples to aocepting cffice without
Dufaure are not insuperable. He is evidently weary of
having nothing to do, and his domestic position is
such as to make him eeek distraction in an active
political existence. Supposing M. Barrot to yield to
the solicitations of the Elyske, he would admit as
colleagn, a two or three known friends of the Presi-
dent. General Bunny d'Hilliera would probably
take the portfolio of War. M. Lvhitte would retain
his place as Minister of Foreign Affairs, being a gene-
ral favourite from his conciliatory character. Two or
three of M. Barrot's former colleagues would enter
with him. M. Pusy would take the portfolio of
finance, M. Lacrosse that of Public Works, M. Tracy
another post. It remains for me to mention one
more name, which seems very likely to figure in the
new cabinet, that of M. Vic or Lefranc, one of the
most liberal members of the tiersparti, and of a decided
parliamentary capacity. This, as far as I can learn,
is the most probable combination.
It is a hybrid creation, but well calculated to sur-
mount the present difficulties. And if it does not
present elements of durability, it will, as a piece of
provisional patchwork, serve to ferry the country
over the actual crisis, free to be knocked in pieces
when the strait is passed. Meanwhile, it may be
remembered that the cabinet which has been just dis-
wined, was not, upon its entrance into office, expected
to last fifteen days, yet it has stood fifteen months.
This sudden dissolution of a cabinet which has
ridden out the storms of the last fifteen month's, before
an incident so trifling to all appearance as the
explanations offered by General Changarnier, with
regard to the instructions alleged by the Petrie
to have been issued by him to the troops under his
cei rained, has excited universal surprise. (The in-
structions will be found in another pew.) When the
sitting of Friday broke up, after this incident, not the
smallest surmise existed in the minds of the dispersing
representatives that the cabinet would succumb befoie
the result of such an interpellation. But this result, all
minute as it appeared, struck like the point of a lash
the tenderest susceptibilities of the Elysee. In fact,
when General Changarnier declared In so emphatic a
manner that he should always obey the commards
of the Assembly, uttered through the official organ
of its president, the acclamations with which this
signal acknowledgment of its sovereignty from the
representative of the armed force was received by
the Assembly, were considered by the govern-
ment as a flagrant affront to the executive
power. The moment chosen by the highest military
authority for proclaiming his undivided allegiance
to the Assembly aggravated in a peculiar
manner the mortification inflicted noon the govern-
ment. The Assembly had just been guilty of what
must pass in the eyes of all impartial men for a gross
act of u-urpation, in sending an order for the liberation
ref M. Mauguin, accompanied by a threat of force ; ar.d
this encroachment on the prerogative of the executive
is visibly sanctioned immediately after by the defer-
ence of the commander.in-chief to the dictates of the
Assembly. Thus the only arm of which thegovemment
disposes fur the vindication of its title of " executive,"
and for the maintenance of the laws appears to be
lifted in defiance against it. Seen in this light
the incident of Friday will appear a more suffi-
cient motive for the retirement of the ministry,
for when the chief organ of the public force refuses
indirectly submission to the executive power, it be-
comes manifestly impossible to carry on the govern-
ment. Ever since the constitution of 1848 came into
operation there has been a continua conflict
for supremacy between the President and the
parliament. This conflict is so complicated by
questions of detail that the great-st reserve is neces-
sary in pronouncing an opinion upon which side the
right lies. But the result is so plain that he
who runs may read. The titular executive is divested
of that command over the army which constitutes
the essence of a real executive.
'Mere is also reason to suppose that the President
was not quite satisfied with the latttr proceedings of
'the geverument, which evinced a want of diplomatic
tact, by provoking, on the eve of the dotation question,
a series of collisions with the Assembly, which re-
sulted in humiliations and defeat. Instead of dis-
semblirg their mortification at the ova' ion decreed to
Gen. Changarnier on Friday, the ministers swelled
the triumph of the Assembly by their manifestations
of chagrin and vexation. When they dined after-
wards with the President he is said to have received
them coldly.
The principal members of the tiers -path voted on
Fiiday against General Changaroier.
On Friday night a meeting of members of the
Left took place at the house of M. Durand-Savoyat.
Sixty representatives were present, among whom
figured MM. G7evy, Dupont de Bussac, Victor Hugo,
Emile de Girardin, Pascal D4prat, Laurent de
l'Ardeche, Aubry, &c. These pronounced against the
principle of abstaining from hiking part in the elec-
tions.