The Express.
London, England, 1851-02-14 00:00:00

U.\IIIIA '.URKI!OI $I

Iu reitiy to rertrol quertion• by Mr. BAN[
ES gave MOme information reverting the re-
sign rtobni, ilbturbunre ut the Barham Union Workhonoe,
inhere. h.,tateil, • annibir ilbturb °court...ll about thim
time tnel‘earouth.
CARLISLE UNION.

In piy to Mr. Iftna►s,
Mr. 11.1,INES .nil that the listen information rreeived
from l'Arii..lo thr Tryon of Mr. Ilawlvy, the poor law
aso.t nit etostinic,ioner, dated the '214 of January, in which
hr .tented that the cotton trade wag in a deprenell condi-
tion that lamr nutulier of peeving wen• now out of em-
ph,)rocut, and that them nag tomiderable prea►ure on the
rat:..

Tll F. AG 1." fi LI A SHOAL (0 A LIT A).
Mr. 111; ME. pursuant to notice, rose to a& the Right
lion. the First Lord of the Admiralty whether, after the
dreadful loss of the Avenger, any steps, bad been taken to
meet a lighthouse on (dada Island, or the Aguglia rocks;
ar what would he • still more important boon to the misfits-
ties of the Mediterranean (and espeeially to vessels bound
is Malta), on the Skerki rocks, Oil which another lamentable;
wreck took place, the Athenian, 61, in the year IINO6 ? Also,
whet lee any sealpropot and estimates fur such a work have
hen had, , I h Ine
Sir F'.'l. H.tlllMl ranged to inform the hon. member
that no steps had yet been taken, w, far as the Board of
Admiralty was reeneernell, towards the erection of • light
hone on lealita Island. (Hear.) Among other reasons for
this fart. he. me jht state that the Sardinian authorities,
who lea& ofrours •, been eonsulted on the matter,were not of
firemen that the ens-teem of such u structure would he
either espedie la Or Sat., lent Might lee found rather inju-
rious than otherwise to vessels eueling in that part of the
waters of the Me diterranean. Some houses had been built
loathe spot w here it had been proposed to build such •fahrie,
and a ountrinion had a hesitated some local inquiries on the
slater. lout no &finalise results had been arrived at.
1111: VACANT VICE-CHANCKLLORSIIII'.
loot sSELL, in nply to • question put by Mr.
Stuart, stated that it was his intention very shortly to in-
trainee a measeare for the reform of the Court eel Chancery,
and that it seou:el he &is-scary, in eutssequenee of • pressuni
of Insinen, to appoint a s iee-ehancellor in the plain of Sir
Jame. jarntn.
OF ICE OF " ASTER "—LAW COURTS,
IItELAND. _

NI•CISI.I.Af;l1 tugged to aok the Attorney• General
for Ireland whether it wr the intention of govern-
Won. for the purryw• of abolishing the office of muster
in ant and which of the superior courts of law in Ire-
land ?.
•

Mr. lIATCORLI. could Rive the bon. member an
answer to hi. question by stating merely that it was not the
inU seem et govrramrut to bring in my bill at present for
the valve of master in any of the law court& in
lrrl•nd
WOODS AND FORESTS DIIPARTMENT.—TILE
ROYAL. PARKS.

. ......
lord Viscount DUNCA)i then asked the Fest Lord of
the Treamtry : 1. Whether it is the intention of the
government to bring in a bill this session to make better
provision f.ir the management of the woods, forests, and
hind revenues of the Crown, and for the direction of public
works and building.? 2. In which number of the miseel-
lan. "es c.tionstes it is the intention of the government to
include the elpeneee of the royal park.?
lout I RUSSELL replied that, with respect to the
best question of the noble viscount. his noble friend (Lord
heynieur) who. as the Chief Conuaisaimer of Woods and
Forests, was at the heed of the department responsible for
such business. did intend. he believed, to bring in a hill with
regaol to the better administration and management of the
royal (oriole. New Forest, Ilainault, and Wychevrode.
Mr. J. STUART, in reference to what had been stated
by the noble lord on the subject of no re-appoiutment of a
trare chancellor in the place of Sir James Wigrani; now
gave notice that he would take an early opportunity of
&triaging under the notice and consideration of the house
the extreme cruelty and hardship endured by many parties,
traitors in the Court of Chancery. in consequence of the'
delays, the .nations, and the expenses occamoned to them
by the vast arrears and accumulations of VAILICI. owing to
the vacant judgeship of Sir J. Wigram not having yet been
Wed up by a ensapetent suceeseor.
ECCLESIASTICAL TITLES BILL.
Lad J. ILUSBHLL stated, in answer to a question from
Mr.janehe that the discussion on this hiU would he re-
amed to-day (Friday) ; and that the Budget would be
brought on by the Chancelloe of the Exchequer on Moeda,.
The CIIANCILLOR of the EXCHEQUILU (starting
up) -On omilition, however, that the chafe on the gale-
Titlert Bill terminate this evening (Friday).
This reservation canoed some merriment.

Various notices of notion having been withdrawn or ra-
pidly diwo.ed of—one of which, proposed by Mr. Keogh,
fns have to bring in a bill to extend the jurisdiction of the
Irish Prerogative Court, gave rise to a lively diseimion of a
personal character, and
The order of the day for resuming the adjourned de-
bmte ua
AGRICULTURAL DISTRBSS

having been read:—
The Marquis et GRANBY observed that they had
pored through a period of live years, during +huh that
memorable espumsent of new principles lad been com-
menced and maintained ; and at the end of that probation-
ary term they found themselves far worse °Nihau they had
been in any tine years prior to such experiment. All the
other great interests in the country, it had bean observed in
the speed, from the tbrone.ha greatly prospered,—but the
vat agricultural interest, and that alone, was stated to
lave cusuiderably declined. But that much neglected,
greatly maligned, and most important interest has also, in
Sat time, nude some advances—if not in material pros-
perity. yet. at leave, in public favour. (Cheers) Now the
very heavy depreciation tl. it hail taken place in the prices
et British agricultural produce sufficiently stated the bud-
"kip of the case brought forward by the agriculturists. The
mous' growth of wheat raistd in thin quarter was esti-
mated by the best authorities at 24 millions of quarters
The depreciation of price' of each wheat between the en-
hremc years of the short period he had mentioned ranged
thus—from Ms. to 37.. or 36.. per quarter, or very
surly 14 in seek quarter. (Hear, hear.) This seals of
depreciation reduced the annual aggragete et Priem ""
Lined for the sweet growth of wheat it Ma *natty hp

about 21,010,0001. sterling. But if from wheat alone they
passed to the whole produce of our cereals, wheat and
other grain, and took the avrtage of reduction of prices.at
tints3o peotir etehnet . writ eoa
ft roduee
the aggregate of the &precut-
praioncese,of theta whole annual p
multi not hoe than G 0,000,900!. ling. (Hear, hear.)
lie motile not believe that upon mature and cal h
m re-
flection that house would be disposed to reshit the
unanswered, arguments by which his hon. fri hadi
supported his propuitim. Now the right bend . doe{
supported of the Exchequer. in adverting to it, did
net venture to designate it as as unjust or unfair on.e.
lie did nut attempt to confute the statement in the.,
royal speech, that the agricultural interest WY in a condi-
tion of distress; but, with an apprehensive brow and a
pleading free--(bmgliter).—he had reminded the house that
it, was his practice to ruse revenue,
and how could this
revenue
be raised if he listened to the case reseed upon
him by the agriculturists? The right hon. gentleman had
declared himself a free-trader and an advocate of the prin-
ciples of free trade. If he was honestly a, why did he not
give a consident support for reducing exclusive burdens on
the agriculturist, whilst he released or mitigated those on the
other great producing interests of the country ? The right
hon. gentleman said he wanted to secure, at say rate, •
constant supply of cheap food, cheap corn in the market
here fur the hen lit of the consumer. Of course, on this
point the whole question turned. They complained that,
meanwhile, he was raising a revenue on British agriculture,
oa the produce of the land, h a system of local and other
taxation ten tiatee more cruel than the amount of any
enhanced prices teat, but for the system acted on
her Mojesty's government, they might have had to pay.
The right hon. gentleman would attribute all the distress of
the land to the prices of agricultural produce ; without allow•
ing for the effects of the system on which the revenue
was raised. The noble marquis proceeded to show the fal-
lacy, he contended, of the right hoar. gentleman's assump-
tions, founded on the "natural pricei.e But what lie
Balled " natural prime" were very different things in Eng-
land and in the corn-growing countries abroad. " Natural
price." in England, inconsequence of the right hon. gentle-
man', .system of taxation, were necessarily enhanced by
taxation of various kinds paid by the producers and
141Am:era during its production, and which taxation did
not prevail to anything approaching to the same scale in
those foreign countries. The weight of that charge here
was a cruel aggravation of the reduced scale of 3,5. per
quarter to the producer. The " natural price," therefore,
in England should be very greatly above the "actual"
price. Tho noble lied then showed how the charge.' for
excise, payable in England on the tea, the sugar, the
tobacco, of small cultivators and farm servants, and by
those who are, as it were between the producer and the
consumer, necessarily rui.4ll these natural prices to a
point which the agriculturists are so very far censored
from obtaining, whilst they dill endured that execesive and
un quid texatem,poor rate, etc., which his hon. friend (Mr.
Disraeli) hullo forcibly illustrated. lu foreign corn-growing
mutant* the producer was exempt from these liabilities, end
the comparatively untaxed labour he motored was of course,
so much cheaper than it was here. But if the right hon.
the Chancellor of the Exchequer would not midst the agri-
cultural interests by remitting taxation bearing on excess
on them, or revising the general taxation of the country,
at teed let him, as a free trader, give them free trade in their
own land, cultivation, and produce. It was absurd to say,
that our agriculture would derive proportionate benefit
front the admitted and increasing prosperity of our manu-
facturers. The surplus, capita of that increasing prosperity
would go to purchase the cheap lightly taxed grain and
other produce of Poland, Belgium,and Pomerania ; but not to
the heavily taxed British corn grower. Why then refuse
Ito our landsel interest permission to cultivate, where the soil
was suitable for that growth tobacco? (Hear, hear.) It
was idle fur • free trader after the policy. adopted towards
the British corn grower to talk of prescriptive or exclusive
right in our West In lion colonists to grow tobacco.
Ile now came to the right lime gentleman's boost, that the
condition of those claw: was better than it had been under •
system of protection. (Ministerial cheers.) lie must say at
once that Ise very much doubted the truth of that assertion.
(Protectionist cheers.) Let them ask the labourers, the par-
ties chiefly interested, and they would find a contrary
opinion general, their general rish being fur the highest
possible amount of money wages. Another thine they
should recollect was that the price of bread slid not imme-
diately follow the price• of corn; bread being now, when
corn wee 36.., very little lower than when it was
eels. The saving in a year's expenditure of an
ordinary labourer's family would be about 21. 18s. 2d.,
a main which was exactly balanced by the reduction in
his wages. (liver, hear.) If the price of breast hail de-
clined in proportion to the price of corn, the 4 lbs. loaf
would now be 31d. instead of else In the higher ranks of
life tile Chancellor of the Exchequer had himself stated in
his evidence before the public salaries committee that he
did nest think the expenses el gentlemen of ordinary for-
tune heed been much reduced by the operation of free trade.
(hear, hear.) If that were the cue, he (the Marquis of
Granby) wanted to knew how it could be expected that
there should be an extreonlinary decrease in the expenses
of • labourine man? He believed he had now touched
upon the moat important points in the reply of the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer to the speech of his honourable
friend. He had avoided touching upon the prosperity of
commercial classes, because every word that the right hon.
gentlemen had said on that .object only increased the ne-
evesity for granting his hon. friend's motion. ((dear, hear.)
lie wished to express his opinion that before long they
would be obligee' to return to the system of protective
' duties —(protectionist cheers)—to that great principle at
least, that for every tax you place on the home producer an
equivaleut tax at least should be iinpoad on the foreign
importer. (Protectionist cheery) That was his own con-
viction, and he should not he dealing fairly with the house
slid he hesitate in declaring it.
Sir J. GRAHAM praised, and promised to imitate, the
dideveionate tour adopted by Mr. Disraeli in bringing for-
ward his motion. The Marquis of Granby hail made two
propositions. First, that the great body of the working
edam-es had not profited by our recent legislation; and, se-
condly, that the restoration of protection would be found
expedient. On both these propositions he joined issue.
Declaring that by sympathy and interest he was himself
pledged re) defend the farmer aid guarantee the stability of
rent, and admitting that the depreciation in price was
greater in extent and longer in duration than he had antici-
pated, the right hen. baronet pronounced the condition of
the labourer to be, in his sminion, by far the most impotent
branch of the question. Embarking into this subject, he
quoted the enormously diminished number of able-bodied
paupers relieved during the past year, the expended reve-
' nue from articles of common consumption, and the almost
incredible multiplication of all kinds of industrial produce,
as tests of general well-being. amount of exports and
imports had vastly increased, that sif the former tiering
risen to 70 millions sterling last year. The hon. member
then went on to observe, that the rerurns presented
to the house yesterday, showed a decided in-
crease in the amount of British shipping.
Mr. LlldltßlES—Outwards. There is a diminution in-
wards. (Cheers.)
Sir J. ORAIIAM—But who would tell him that the out-
ward tonnage was no test of the prosperity of British ship-
ping ? (Hear, hear.) Ile believed, however, the diminu-
tion of British shipping inwards Will not more than 3,000 or
4,000 tons.
Mr. HERRIES-312,000 tons. (Cheers from the pro-
tectionists.)
Sir J. OItAHAM—The returns he referred to had only '
come to his hands to-day, and he had not had an oppor-
tuaity of examining them closely, but on referring to them
again he found his right hon. friend was right as to the
extent of the diminution. (Renewed and prolonged cheer-
ing from the same quarter.) But let them argue the matter
calmly. (Hear, hear.) lie need scarcely assure his right
hon. friend that it was not his wish to misrepresent the
facts of the ease, nor wu there any occasion for doing so.
(Cheers.) But passing from the question in dispute between
him and his right hon. friend, as to whether the
tonnage inwards was not • fair test of prosperity,
upon which he entertained his own opinion, to
come to the actual figures. He found the number
of British ships cleared outwards for the United Kingdom
and its dependencies for the year ending the sth day of
January, 1850, 17,169; the number for the year ending
January, 1851, Was 17,618. The tonnage for the former
year, 3,762,182; the tonnage for the year ending January,
1651 8,960,764—(hear, hear)—sbowing a considerable In-
come, of the tonnage outwards. (Cheers.) And now with
regard to the rabies inwards. l'he tonnage of the ships
entered inwards for the year ending January, 1851, in the
United Kingdom and its dependencies was 4,390,375, and
the amount or the year ending January, 1861, wu 4,078,444
Man (Hear, hear.) He admitted that he had been M-
eanest In what he had drat stated as to the extent of the de-
crease; he had thought the diminution Ism than it turned
OM to be, but he repeated he was surprised, considering
all the circumstances of the last two year, that the differ-
ing, was not much greater than it was. Cheers from the
Mditigletial beeches.) And, talking of Political prophecies
tM might be expected from what they had been told would
Anew the change in our navigation laws, that the returns
would show • marked Menus in the tonnage from the
United States. But was it en? He found that the tonnage
leatered inwards, to all the ports of this country from the
United States for the year ending January 1850, amounted
to 687,986 tons, while for the year ending January, 1851, it
was only 595,191, an increase quite inconsiderable. (Chem.)
Yr. BERRIES—Thera is a greater increase from other
envie ports. (Cheers.)
J. ORAHAM—But looking at the peculiar circuit-
dames of the cue, the large import of gram and the
ides Mika the change of our laws might have been
=til. occasion on the part of foreign shippers, he
t but consider these returns as a complete faLsiflat-
den et the prophecies of those hon. gentlemen who had
(hlllll that the repeal of the navigation 'ewe would
Meant upon the shipping interest of this country.
.) But after all the real test of the prosperity and
wollimiag of the great body of the people was one which
ha was afraid hon. gentlemen on that (the opposition) side
of the looms would not think with him • sure and infallible
one, but which, nevertheless, he placed higher than any of
the rest, and indeed, higher than all the rest put together.
(Cheer.) What was that test ? It was that of which the
interest war accustomed to complain—the immense
loportatma of foreign wheat and flour. (Loud cheers
feast the miaiaterial benches.) Millions of quarters of fo-
reign corn and flour had, since the repeal of the corn laws,
been imported, bean paid for, and consumed. (More eheer•
ing from the same quarter.) What had become of these
maligns of quarters of foreign wheat and flour ? (Hear,
hear.) He said that minicar of mouths had been feel by
than with wheaten bread which, but for that importation,
would have wanted ft. (Renewed cheers.) That fact was
to him the mod inclusive evidence that could be produeed
of the real prosperity and welfare of the great body of the
people. (Mots eheenng ) Allow him to remind his noble friend
tie llasipsts of Granby)--(or he was not aware whether his
net& *Gad was in his plate the other evening, when the
km amber for Celli& (Mr. !Lodge* intodneeel to the