The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-01 00:00:00

COTTON.—The improved state of the Liverpool markets
has given a stimulant to this, and rather • large amount of
business has been done the fact two days, my 2,500 bales
sold, showing an advance of upon the late low prices.
TEA. —The largo stocks in the importers' hands, and the
constant &tiro evinced to effect sake. keeps the market ip a
very dull gate, and although priers do not materially decline,
yet they have a downward tendency.

PILICES C
SWAP, per cwt.
Wad 161.8, 11. P. Derr run.
d. a d.
Brown 43 0...43 0
Yellow It Gny 4B 0...48 0
Row OO 0...32
5146344648, brown_ :•lo 0...46 0
TelMrw ...... 43 0..46 0
Mow 4$ 0-53 to
Bawd &Madras, b 34 0...42 0
Yellow 44 0..47 0
Whitt. . ..... 48 0. 34 0
Foreign, brown. 34 U 43
Yelluw 4l 0,40 01
Grey and white- 4 t 0...36 0
Reined, nambro' O4 0 .70
Lompo. . 02 1)..41.3
41..4 oiaaaa, la Band.
1a

Z. a. t s.
Inch, at per ton.
Bars ........ 9 3... 9 1
rip, 80. 5 10 .. 3 1
Hoops .. II 3_ll 1
13; 610.. 8 I
. 11 .. 0
Isms, at per too.
714 We. l9 0 .. 0
absst .. fo 9...0
Boas 2l 10... 0
Pang shot SI 10...12
1411 ea mloYw
arilbr lB 13. .
Bate, per 252 hop. gal. d.p.
Fish, Seel, pais 29 0.. 0
17 10....16
• C:tri— yelew 33 10.. 24
Sperm 77 0...79
Wad Natter 6O 0...60 I
Cod ..... 28 0.. 0
Month See.—
01ire,U*111,411,p.toa39 0...41
Cocoa Nut 32 0 43 1
heed. &We. Palo,
peron 32 10...33
24 0... 0
TAMMOWN per ewe.
Batter--Ont, Ist 93 0..94
2nd 0 0 0
0 0 . .
Thadia,lst
0 0 0
Limerick, do 9O 0 93
Carlow, Int 92 0 98
Newry, let ... 0 0 0
WaterOod B4 0 . 87
Beef, India, per
throe
Prime Mon 0 0 .. 0
Pork, prime more 73 0 75
Bacon-Pork, Lava 71 0..73
lb., Beifaet
'mg Waterford,
Dem:wt. 48 0...G9
44 0...33
Ihrd,Belhot,prt,,
... rk 1
1 0.. 30
Waterf ord do
Ditto Bladder
HIMA, OA and Ow, M per lb.
13. A. sod 1L Video, s. d. s. &
0 8{...•
Brasil, dry 0 0 4 ...00 3
thyealted 0 0 51
Itio, dry 0 4 .0 6
Lima tot Vap. dry 0 3 „I 6
West India, dry 0 4.1...0 6
Sidled 0 3...0 3
Pct lola 0 9..010a
BirzLAL Ayrea dry 0 7 . .0 6
dry
S. Ater.liotse, per 0 81.0 9
9 0...16 0
Bads, ditto 6 6 ..10
Drs Wouos, at per tee.
a C a.
Lit=2aidoa... 4 3... 4 10
5 0... 6 0
Omani, 610...810
Fastie, Jonah& S 19... 6 U
Cuba 9 0... 910
N=1"..1"1.a8414 0...15 0
SWIM 9 0...10 0
L. 13 0 IS 0
APIL 12 0...16 0
IW Soden. ..... 5 10... 6 15
Brod 50 0...53 0
Of TALLOW.
l 1814 1815 1816
18,210 10,088 9,814
1,467 2,341 1,717
13,191 18;46 10,629
2.163 1,976 714
14,410 13,332 9,830
410,1 41,3111115 d 12-3 d 42e 6d
ad 44. 43. Gal

nary.... ..... 33 0... 40 0
&mid.
floe 7O 0...100
Ceylon, good ordi
w.u7 . .....
Vine ordinary 42 0... 40 0
Fine 56 0... 00 0
Mocha, good to lines 2 0 . 011
Coils Una, cad-
nary to Sae 34 0... 33 0
Sumatra and Pa
long 2l 0... 23 0
COCOA.
West India 36 0... 46 0
Foreign ....... 32 0... 33 0
Ma, at per lb.
Oongou, common 0 111...0 101
W., at per cwt.
Bengal white ..... . 17 0... 1) 0
Cargo l3 0... 16 0
Jars l4 0... 13 0
Patna 22 0... 23 0
26 0... 34 0
tinuttra.
Rum at per gall.
Leeward bland

23 . 6
Denman, 23 CO
3d per cent.
O.P.
Jamaica. 30 to 36
per cent O.P. 11 4 . 3 9
Favourite marks 4 4 ... 4 9
Brandy, let brands 3 0 .. 0 0
Fut, per too.
Z. a.
P.T.R. 44 0...5.1 0
St. Petersbarg, 9
head 4O 0 . 0 0
Dutch and Yleculsh 0 0... 0 0
PnesOnd

Am, at pot iluL

30 10...5t
°utilise — 29x...391
half elms ..... 27 10 ..20
Rigs, Rhine ...... 31 0...33
outathot
Rigs. Rhine . • If 0...30
• SI 0...01
Lag India thaw: II 0-11
Jute
TALLOW, 95 per cwt.
St. Petesab new TC 41 9...43 •
Rough Pat 3 4... 11
Tax, at per *wt.
Banes OO 0 Pi
Straits .......
Com. in blocks OS 0... 0

Stock this cloy, .
iklirery hoz seek— ..
Ditto from lot June._
Arrir.ils List week--
Deno from let June.....
Price Y. C. this day._
Do. Town last irty.

19,962
1,631
115,317
4,4,'
17,440
Od
44s 6el

FOREIGN.

- -------.
ANTWF.EP, ACGCST 20.—SUGAR: The market is
very firm, and priaes are rather higher. About 1,375 boxes
yellow Havana mid at 14t to 16.
COF1: EE : We have to report the vale of 2,200 bags
Batavia and Cheribous at RI to 2,34. for consumption,
and 1,600 bags Brazil at sundry rates.
COTTON is very firm_ Our stock is limited. 100 bales
American and 50 bales Sant have been sold.
INDI GO : There is nothing doing.
RICE is in good demand, and 'higher ;90 casks and 200
barrels Carolina fetched 164.
PIMENTO: 300 bags sold at 204.

Helmut:on, Arorsv 28.—SUGAR remains in very
good demand, and we report the sales of 4,800 boxes brow is
and yellow Havana at 51 to 6j; 1,000 boxes white
Havana at 71 to 71; 250 chests Bahia ;.t 51 to 51 the brown,
and 61 to 1 the white; 200 chesty brown Pernambuco at 41 ;
800 hhds. Portorico and Cuba Muse..ovadoes 51 to 1.
COFFEE: The market is better, and the transactions
have been rather extensive during the week, T IZ. : 7,000 bags
Brasil at 21 to 31 ; 2,000 bags St. Domingo at 3 to 31; 1,500
bags Lsguyssa at 3 13-16ths to 5; 1,000 bags Maracaibo at
31 to 3;,.
COTTON continues in semittimand, and North American
qualities are 1 higher. • Mobile, and Georttaz
fetch 41 to
stock is very much reduced.
RICE : 6,200 bags Bengal, recentlz imported, have
changed hinds. The price has not yellowed.
SPICES: There is very little doing.
HAY.
SWIM:FIELD, MONDAY., SEPT. I.—Meaws. Cooper
and Davis, 64, Smithfield, re.port prim os follow:
Prime Meadow 7os to iSOs Payers Tie toloos
I Inferior ditto 3os to Oas *raw Re to 324
HOPS.

Without meaning to cavil at the relief measures of
the late government, we only repeat a general im-
pression when we say, that much mischief was mixed
up with the good resulting from them. •In
their immediate purpose of staving aff famine,
they were eminently successful. That, more
permanent benefit has not flowed, nor is
likely to flow, from the public works carried on
ander sanction and by aid of their provisions, is not
attributable to the Ministry. They erred only in not
forming a sufficiently low estimate of the bulk of
Irish landlords. They believed that in the wail of
almost universal starvation, the voice of private
interest would be unheard. They expected that
such a visitation would have startled selfishness into
originating the future prosperity of a nation, while it
relieved the sufferings of a tenantry. They were
mistaken. Where they looked for an eagerness to
feed the hungry, they found a greedy emulation for
share in the grant." They calculated on patriotism,
and were encountered by jobbery. In less than
'three months they had applications for trea-
sury aid to an aggregate amount of 737,4481.,
awe isprysed to considerably upwards of a mil-
Oki these the Twat; - swanned ,awes
ta, ImVisT or/141,1%81r. Bow fur their applications

were created by the distress, or had in view the re-
lieving of it, is sufficiently indicated by the fact that
the applications which used to be made in great num-
bers to the Board of Works for the construction of
roads, and other smiler undertakings, on the ordinary
and less advantageous footing of loans secured by
grand jury presentments, have almost entirely ceased.
The cause is not far to seek. In the latter case, Go-
vernment only lent the money required; in that of
works undertaken ostensibly fur relief under the act,
of last year, half of the money was a loan, the
other half a grant. As if to aggravate the
mischief, any two magistrates and three cess-
payers of any barony might at once make appli-
cation, under the latter act, for the execution of
public works to the Lord-Lieutenant, without that
control of the representatives of the other rate-
payers which is exercised in grand jury present-
ments. The jobbers have at least, in the latter cam,
a check on each other. In the former, any two at
them had only to agree in order to job on a joint
account

There is, in short, reason to fear that a great pro-
portion of the money advanced, either as loan or
grant, by the Treasury, under the relief measures of the
late Ministry, has been absorbed in the execution of
works which should have taxed private pockets, as
they chiefly benefited private interests. In most of
these cases, no adequate test of destitution has been
applied, notwithstanding all care on the part of the
Board of Works in superintending the execution of
the works themselves. Another relief-measure of
the late Government was the second act of the
session which empowered grand juries to consider
and put into operation, works laid before them by
Extraordinary Baronial Presentment Sessions; the
whole of the money advanced to be paid by the baro-
nies. The nature of these works was, however,
limited to such as were not likely to be called for, ex-
cept for relief purposes. Thus two mischiefs of the
first act were avoided. But even in this less objec-
tionable measure, there was no machinery provided
for saperintending the execution of the works ap-
proved.
To avoid these double mischiefs, the Government,
by its present bill, throws the initiatory step of
assembling Baronial Relief Services on the Lord-
Lieutenant, guided by the accurate local information
which he has of course the best means of procuring.
The nature of relief works is restricted to matters of
public, not private, interest. And abuse is most
effectually restrained by the provision that the
Government shall advance money for such works
by way of loan only, to be repaid recording to the
poor-rate assessment It was at first proposed, we
believe, that a number of cheeks and limitations
should have been thrown around the works thus under-
taken ; but the main check having been established
of requiring from the districts. re-payment of the
whole of the cost of the relief works, a considerable
latitude will now, we understand, be allowed as to
the description of works to be undertakeln ; which
I (with the restriction before noted, that their advan-
tages are to be of a public nature) will be left very
much to the choice of the parties who have to pay
for them. The measure as it stands in this respect
secures two important ends. It renders tha ap-
plication for these loans improbable in all cases
where sheer necessity for employment of the poor
does not exist ; and it throws the burden of repay-
ments where it ought to fall, on the owners and not
the occupiers of the soil. It compels the landlord to
discharge at least some of his arrears of duty.
These explanations will enable our readers to esti-
mate the important differences between the schemes

ess whit& ill!!/ --, ...wig .....t
pipilliprewat the emplcsield on those . '
leat,.. ....DI
fora intentering walk the awe reader iimaeot., :•• • -I
. The tranidsw ef.the duty of teraidderbe •• a
tickets Mon the reader ceeneltees to the 'll
alas of the Dodd of Rieke, who en to supply '77
thigh lhom Lets drown up *the osestaitteen, is most . ..0.
napes net. It removes ea abase which- diminished ' '
the confidence of the people in the dielaffintion of ;
emfilbraent intended to reiieve their prim:Wiens and t
aidlimitify the vanity az partiality of peironage. ;
Dab tenhhiathe relief (roar pahliet worlikthe late 4..
.41i1W41.0k upon itself to supply the, kith poor ,s .ft
lent ' torn; which it purchased iteeif,.and re-
tailed
by its offieers. The derangement thee canoed •
to the regular trade ha, been sufficiently pointed out. '
Warned by this, their successors have determined to I,
confine their commissesiat functions to the narrowest !
li possible limits ; while yet they do not exclude them
selves from furnishing food where no regular chan-
nels exist for the purpose. The ports on the
northern, eastern, and southern coasts, from Cork to
Londonderry, gad those parts of the interior ordina-
rily supplied Gum them, may, they state, be safely :fi
left to the tortvight end enterprise of private merchants. • '.1 4.
They confine themselves, accordingly, to protecting thea
stocks of private dealers, in transit and is store ; and t
they concentrate the existing supplies of goverment t
grain at Longford and &nigher, in the interior, and s
at Limerick, Galway, Westport, and Sligo, on the Ae
/
western coast, where the moans of private supply are .
scanty and irregular, and the dangers of starvation /
.; T.,
meet imminent. For other proviions to avoid ''
alt mischievous interference with regular trade, to
regulate the time of opening the depots, and to settle
the price at which the grain is to be sold, we
refer our readers to the Treasury minute. The
organisation of the commissariat will be so improved
that it can effectually communicate with the local
relief committees; and, through them, afford all
necessary information to the government.
The Board of Works, we may add, has beet
strengthened by the appointment of' new commis-
sioners. The chairman and deputy chairman remain
as before ; the three new commissioners, we believe,
arc Mr. RADCLIFF, Mr. MULVANEY, sad Captain
LARCOM. Every step has been at the same 61110
taken to secure a thorough efficiency in the several '
departments of the board, from the highest to the
lowest of the officials engaged upon it.
We have been thus explicit in our explanation of
thesegoverainent measures formeeting a terrible emer-
gency, not leas from our admiration o their excellent
adaptation to the end proposesi,and their freedom from
the defects which impaired those of the lute adminis-
tration, than from a sense of the importance of
the present crisis to the future of Ireland. This
it appears to us impossible to overestimate.
Instead of a prospect of permanent pauperism for
Ireland, in the calamity which now presses upon ,
her (and which has not left her six weeks' IP
resources of her ordinary food throughout tfte I:
length and breadth of the land), we seem to foresee her ;
redemption from that very misery. Ireland has been
permanently pauper hitherto. If not dependent on . 3
us for annual supplies of grain and doles of money,
she has sent over yearly her erratic and superfluous
labour to carry home English capital, abstracted from
eager English industry. All the expenditure
required for constabulary force and stipendiary
magistrates, is so much indirect parish payment.
Every tax which England pays, and Ireland is
exempt from, is so much contributed to the relief
of Irish wretchedness. The radical cause of Irish
poverty is to be sought in the cottier's depend-
ence on the con-acre. The potato was the symbol of
that dependence. The peasant remains an aderiptus
glebm, a villein regardant, so long as his sole
hope and support rest ou that root. lf, by well-con-
trived public works, new fields of employment be
created, and the peasant be taught to substitute labour
for hire for labour for rert ; if, at the same time, _
, education be diffused, and political rights ecTicelized ;
if the burden on the landlord be proportioned to his
neglect or discharge of his duties ; if leases increase
as ejectments diminish ; who shall say how much
blessing may have sprung from the potato-blight ?
At the present moment, moreover, Ireland requires
proof that an English Imperial Parliament can legis-
late for her interests, soundly as well as sympatheti-
cally. In the measures now about to be carried into
effect, we see not the seeds of future pauperism ; not
the unjust appropriation of our child ens breed to
aliens ;—but springs of kindly feeling from the
governed towards their governor; a stronger argu-
ment for Union than Conciliation-hall or Nation can
furnish against it, even to Irish apprehensions ; a
sweetener to bitter recollections of the past, and
a guarantee of good intentions fur the future.

COPY OP A TREASUBY MINUTE, DATED AVO. 31.

My Lords have before them the Act 10 Viet., cap. 107
" To facilitate the employment of the labouring poor for a
limited period in distressed districts in Ireland," and proceed
to consider the revised instructions which the provisions of
this act and the experience which has been acquired from
the operations for the relief of the people suffering from the
failure of the potato crop in Ireland, since the month of
November last, render it dooirablc should be if...0wl to the
Board of Works, and to Commissury-General Sir It. Routh,
who is in charge of the duties lately executed by the relief
commission. _ _ _

No authority can, from the present date, be given for the
execution of any new works under the 9th Viet. cap. 1; and
goal works as may hereafter be required for the relief of
distress must be presented and sanctioned according to the
provisions of the 10th Vict., cap. 107.
The Bowl of Works were instructed by the Treasury
minute dated 21st ultimo, to bring to an early elope all the
works under 9th Vict., cap. 1, which were not required for
the relief of urgent distress ; and the board were informed
that if the parties interested din lied that works so dawn-
' tinned should afterwards be recommenced and completed, it
was open to them to take the usual steps to provide fur that
object, either by obtaining loans secured by grand jury pre-
sentment, or by other means.
Their lordships desire that the Board of Works will report
Ito what extent works have been discontinued under these
instructions on the ground of their not being really required
for the purpose of giving relief, arid that it may be under-
stood, in accordance with the passage above adverted to in
the minute of the 21st July, that if it should become neces-
sary to recommence any such works, the renewal of them
must be provided for either in the manner above referred to,
or under the 10 Viet., cap. 107.
With a view to give every practicable assistance to the
i presentment sessions, the Board of Works should be prepared
with plans and estimates of those works in each di-trict in
which relief is likely to be required, on which the destitute
poor might with the greatest public advantage be employed;
and an officer of the board should be in attendance at the
sessions, to furnSh every explanation that may be called for.
In order to prevent labourers from being induced to leave
their proper employments and to congregate on the Relief
Works, in the hope of getting regularly paid money wages in
return for a smaller quantum of work than they have been
accustomed to give, the following rules ought, in their lord-
ships' opinion, to be strictly observed
No person should be employed on any relief works who
can obtain employment on other public works, or in
farming or other private operations in the neigUet r
hood.
The wages given to persons employed on relief works
shisuld, in every case, be, at least, 2d. a-day less than
the average rate of wages in the district.
And the persons employed on the relief works shou!cl, to
the utmost possible extent, be paid in proportion to the
work actually done by them.
Their lordships suggest for the consideration of the Lord
Liente. ant, that it may be advisable that in every ci se in
which it may be determined to assemble extraordinary ses-
sions for the presentment of works under the. 10 Vict., cap.
107, instructions should also be issued to the lieutenant of
the county, to reassemble the relief committees of the dis-
tricts in which such works are proposed to be carried on,
making much changes in the individuals composing the com-
mittees as circumstances may require ; or. if no relief com-
mittees have yet been organised in the districts in question,
to appoint new committees la accordance with the rules pre-
scribed by the Relief Commission.
Their lordships also suggest that, in order to obviate in-
conveniences which have been experienced during the late
relief operations, the following alterations should be made in
the instructions under which the local relief committees have
hitherto acted :

First, with regard to the assistance given by the relief cont.
sauces in the proper appropriation of the relief provided
under the 10th Vict., cap. 107, by means of public