The Express.
London, England, 1853-09-22 00:00:00

Eite ervrtoo.

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LONDON, TIII,I:SDAT, SEPTEMBER 22.

Tate fraternisation of the Russian CZtR and the
Austrian EsirEr.ot: has had precisely the result we
shadowed forth. NICIIOLAi has twisted FnaNcis
Justaat rutted his finger, and Austria leaves Eng-
land and France to do as they please about Turkey.
Russia and Austria are one, the C/tr. will not quit
the Principalities, and all the negotiations come at
once to the ground!
This r.i.w attituiL now assumed by Russia and
Austria need not take any reader of the .Ezpress
by surprise. It is simply what we foretold from the
beginning of the make-believe negotiations by which
the Western powers have allowed themselves to be
amused till it suited the C/..►x to throw off the
mask. The Cabinet of Vienna has mediated
and the Cesinet of St. Petersburg has listened to its
mediation. This farce has been carried on until the
inch money of the season is understood to have forced
the Turkish soldiers from their tents into the villages
and towns, and to be forcing even the Russians from
their tents or huts iron barracks that have been pre-

pared fur them. Enough of time has now been
gained, and the OAR thinks concealment no longer
necessary. Count NESSELRODE, in his despatch to
baron NILTENDOEFF, at Vienna, which we publish
to-d.:y, states that the proposals of the Porte, with
respect to the evacuation of the Principalities. are in_
admissible. And in the same paper he refers to " another
despatch" respecting which it is confidently 'Armed
that Count NESSELRODE, speaking for his imperial
master, places upon the noto prepared for the ac•
ceptance of Russia and Turkey by the Fuur Powers,
en interpretation so materially opposed to that con-
templated by its framers, that, so read, it practically
becomes a mere paraphrase of the terms which
Prince NIENCIDEOFF in his well-known ultimatum
placed before the SULTAN for acceptance. Russia
having thus shown the claven foot, Austria does not
loiter Ix hind it. A despatch from Vienna has been
received in Paris, to the effect that " the mediating
Power" does not fully concur in the proposal of the
Two Western Powers to give guarantees to the Porte
against the future interference of Russia between the
Porte and its subjects ;—that " the mediating Power'
does not think M. DROUSN DE presses upon
the Porte the acceptancepure ct sistark of the Vienna
proposals with sufficient energy ;—and that as cir-
cumstances no longer admit of collective action, each
Powermust act for itself.
In plain English, winter having arrived, his mili-
tary arrangements being completed, and Austria
fully agreeing about what shall be done, Rani*
turns round upon the IVestern Powers, bluntly re-
fuses to evacuate the Principalities, and declares
that the whole lung tissue of negotiations
since Prince lENCUIKOII, left Constantinople must
pass for nothing; whilst at the same time'
Austria declares that it can no longer co-operate
with the Western Powers; and that Turkey must
adopt the Vienna note pure ,t simpk, as Russia
demands. Such being the conduct of Russia—the
Peaty which interfered to reduce Hungary again
under the Austrian yoke—and of Austria, which
volunteered its mediation between Russia and the
Western Powers in their character of asserters of the
independence and integrity of the Turkish Empire,
—is it possible to resist the suspicion that the whole
of the negotiations at Vienna have been the conse-
quence of a preconcerted trick between the Russian
and Austrian Governments?

This then is the result of all the attempts of
France and England to flatter and wheedle Russia
into abstinence from acts of aggression and spolia-
tion. This is the result of their delighted acceptance
of the proffer of Austria to act as master of the cere-
monies, and teach them how to perform the Ku-too
before the throne of the CZAR after the most approved
fashion. Turkish common sense—either because it
was not dulled or perverted by diplomatic training,
or because it was sharpened by a vital interest in the
question—saw through the trap set for it by the
Austrian Ministers (ia the mystic note of which
Russia has now declared the esoteric meaning),
though ions NAPOLEON, with all his Ministers, and
the four Foreign Secretaries in the British Cabinet,
were deceived by it to a man.
AU questions m to what the French and British
Cabinets have been doing or proposing since the
19th of August —when the Porte adopted M. DELA-
€OI:II.4 version of the Vienna proposals with modifi-
cations—now sink into utter insignificance. The

only question of real importance or interest is—
What will the French and English Cabinets do now
that Russia has proclaimed it abides by the MEN-
CIIIKOFF ultimatum, and will not evacuate the
Danubian Provinces? What will be done now that
Austria has avowed its accession to the aggressive
and usurping policy of Russia?
Those who have patted the French and Eng-
lish Cabinets on the back for allowing them-
selves to bo mystified by Austrian and Russian nego-
tiation, and who attempted to bully the Porte into
the adoption of the insidious note at last interpreted by
Russia, may now see what they have gained by their
truckling to the strong and insulting of the weak.
Their professed object has been to avoid war.
They were told that by inflating Russian
vanity and spinning out the favourable season for
military and naval operations, they were rendering
war inevitable. Has not time proved the justice
of this opinion? Russia would not have made

the frank avowal of intentions it has now done, had
it not made its plans, and determined to carry them
into effect at all hazards. Austria wculd not have
avowed its complicity with Russia had not the time
gone past when further disguise was alike unneces-
sary and impossible. Read by the light of these
last haughty and unblushing acts of Russia and
Austria, Lord Jotot RUSSELL', speech at Greenock
assumes a definite meaning. Does he not expect war ?
All the evils now overhanging Europe might have

been prevented had the pacific ABElWEEN—wnomigut
be aptly typified by the same animal us 14SACITAil wee
in the dying speech of the Patriarch Jac:on—had the
firmness to address Russia in the tines tggcmted lan-
guage of truth and justice at the outset. Perhaps
his lordship may flatter himself that peace may still
be preserved by making common cause against
Turkey with Russia and .tustria. Even this scan-
dalous hope, however, seems forbidden by the attitude
the Sutras has assumed. And if it did succeed,
what must i!, future be thought of the English
Ministers who, after their bold words about main-
taining the independence and iut'grity of Turkey,
should adopt such a policy? Either that they have
been the willing dupes—the accomplices of Russia
and .lubtria in the late fraudulent negotiations; ye
that, solely intent upon preserving the balance of
parties at home and keeping their planes, the Eastern
question has with them been merely a theme to make
speeches upon, while NictioLts, having a definite ac-
quisition to mike, has acted while they were talking : .1
--and has of course carried his point.

Tee public cannot fail to notice with regret that
the rise in the price of wheat and flour in Mark-lane
was from 3s. to 4s. per quarter between Monday
week and last Monday, and the price of floating
cargoes, of which very few are on their way hither, II
was un Monday 2s. per quarter higher than on
Friday. With ono slight check the price of wheat
has risen incessantly since the first week in June.
The average of that week was 13s. 3d.; the average
of the second week in September was 545. 9d.---ft rise
of nearly 21' per cent. in 14 weeks, and the rise
since will make it to this time upwards of 30 per
cent. With this great rise.in our own markets, the price
of corn, notwithstanding large arrivals, continues to
rise in France, and the great purchases making for
that country in the ports of the Baltic and Black
Sea is one cause why so little is on its way hither
from those quarters. The last arrivals from the
United States, too, inform us that the meal and flour
markets these were quite in a ferment in consequence
of the news from Europe. Wheat, that in June was
118 c. the bushel, was selling on the sth instant at
143 c. to 148 c., or a rise of nearly 24 per cent., with
every probability of the price being higher. The
same advice. inform us that the present freight of a
bushel of wheat,—which was considered high at the
begiuning of the year at 9;d. to 10d., and it has
been below 6d.,—is now from 10d. to 12d., making
an additional rise of from 10 to 15 per cent. in the
price of American wheat in our markets. Day after
day, and week after week, the reports of our own
harvest and of the general harvest on the neigh-
bouring continent tell the same story. I'rices
are rising here and abroad day after day, and week
after week, and it is high time that the public should
be fully aware of the probable consequences.
The only facts calculated to give new influences are
the quantity of old wheat yet remaining in the
hands of our farmers, and the great increase
of wheat cultivation in America, with the excellent
harvest in the New World. There is no accurate in-
hemation to be got as to the stock of wheat in our
taireers' hands ; but report says that it is large is
some districts. Accordingly we perceive that the
quantity of wheat sold by the Gazette returns in the
weeks ending the 10th and the 3rd instant was
severally 89,619 qrs. and 101,937 qrs. against 74,139
qrs. and 76,491 qrs. in the corresponding weeks of
1852. We recently laid before our readers some
account of the rapid extension of wheat cultivation
in Canada. We do not know how rapidly it is in-
creasing in the United States, but it is making great
progress in Michigan, Ohio, and other Western
States. There have latterly been sold, we know also,
nearly 5,000,000 acres of land annually in the United
States exclusive of land reserved for railways, am.;
and that the great facility which a set of railways
now gives for bringing the produce of the far west
to the eastern seaboard assures us that of the im•
mense quantity of food grown on all the newly cul-
tivated land of the States, Europe can now obtain a
large share. In fact to the middle of August there
has been exported from the United States 2,753,361
more bushels of wheat than in the corresponding
period of 1552, and 139,157 more barrels of floor.
In the month ending August 30, the latest
account yet come to hand, there was ex-
ported from New York 109,963 barrels of
Hour against 124,857 barrels in August, 1832, and
520,000 bushels of wheat in August, 1633, against
206,986 bushels in August, 1832. We notice also
that the arrivals by land at New York, which have
been slack all the year, have begun within the last
wish or two to exceed the arrivals in 1852. From
meek facts we have good reason to believe that Enr
lead will obtain a good supply of corn. At the ease
time whoa the demands of all Europe and the
Wowed consumption of our country, of France,
end of Germany are taken into consideration, it
becomes plain that there will be no food too much,
sad that to obtain sufficient to entice the farmers of
Canada and of the far west to limit their own con-
sumption, and send to market all the wheat and flour
they can spare, and to pay high and rising freights
the price here will most probably rise yet higher
than at present. Wo do not pretend to fix a limit to
the rise; circumstances aro now altogether &home
from what they were in 1817, and there will be so
necessity, we believe, for prices to rise now as high
as then, to bring hither all the corn we shall require,
It is, however, time that we were on our guard, and
time for us to discourage all unnecessary consump-
tion, extravagance, and waste.
The rise in the rate of discount, to which we have
ditto so frequently been obliged to direct the atten-
dee of our readers, and which is operating to check
exports, and check trade, is in great part the conse-
quence of this continual rise in the price of wheat.
They have gone on together. Tho rise in the rate of
discount is, however, rather the sign than the cause
of our prosperity being retarded. Money is only
required for what it will buy, not for its own sake ; it is
always parted with when used, and the comparative
scarcity and high price of other things, particularly
of food, makes money dear. Our own harvests
being deficient, we require a great deal more food
from abroad, and we must give more for it; prices
are rising in Dantzic as well as at New York ; gold
goes out to buy corn ; a little alarm is generated by
the disappearance of a few hundred thousand
pounds from the Bank vaults, and the rate
of discount becomes higher. It is perfectly
clear if food were abundant, and consequently
cheap, all other things would be cheap ; labour
wouldbe comparatively cheaply sustained and cheaply
paid for. As much of it as was required could soon be
commanded, and there never need be any stop, or
even any check, to any species of production so long
as food is abundant. Analyse any or all the oper a
tions of society, and we shall find them all depend
in the end on the supply of food to be obtained by
those engaged in them. It has been sneeringly or
jocosely said that the belly governs the world.
This is a great truth. Subsistence is another name
for life, and it is a deficient supply of the means of
enbsistence threatening life somewhere which spreads
languor, the parent of disease, over trade, and makes
itself equally felt in Lombard-street and Liverpool.
For any deficiency that is now experiencid in the
hod of society abroad, those crowned heads, who
by their laws have made themselves responsible for
the supply, will now be deeply to blame. Experience
tells them year after year that in abundant seasons
the people are always contented, and that a scarcity
of subsistence is the main cause of all revolutions.
Nevertheless, they go on in their blind and stupid
career, and everywhere persist in restricting and
impeding the industry by which society is fed. It is
now shown by the competition of Franco with
' us in short troarkets for food, and by all Europe ob-
taining supplies from free America, that every
nation is deeply interested in all the legislation
concerning coru. Would that we could secure Free
Trade abroad, as we have in a great measure secured
it at home. We have found its advantages to be so
great that we can with propriety impress the principle
an others. Did we must at the same time insist on its
being fully extended for ourselves. Now that the price
of corn touches on tiOs., the duty of Is. per quarter
will increase the difficulties of procuring supplies
end the price of the loaf unwarrantably. Other
I nations have been obliged to admit corn duty free,
and to recommend the principle of Free Trade to
i them as a permanent polity, we must cousetrate it
by abolishing our Is. duty. The time has mow
arrived when that duty will be felt to be a serious
injury, and it ought therefore to be abolished.