The Express.
London, England, 1847-02-15 00:00:00

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ATENT WATCHES & CLOCILL—E. J. DENT, 1
widomit, rob owl Osilmilur to Ile Quad.
b=idebilt. I.J.s.aid Or ingortr it lamb. raged.
obit bid Or pub& os Impostis••et bli babombe int et
IF T eithe .Mlt wider, frit Owe nett; mast
....kw ingitst ais Odes orb ; lOW sold dabbed debt
:air cm& Mtn; vioribetere fi grunsisst to lin liq ems
~.. -.ea esbedb mated la MI, lialb owl 1012.—58, Ilesed; st,
Wriiii4444; NM 14, Mod 112211.82. wore petted Idebbio.
seei. bt detriblade ins bee am Is wilds a eturi. by dresdee
auseep dbesosr dm ~be melba Prim 21. b. bib
- -- - -

DL cuLVEIMELLII ODOR TO IMAM ILND LONG WI.
Price sub, by past, In dm Is. W. as*
VAT T, 10 RAT, DRIONK,b. AND AVOID.
astable, air an ungida) W TO Si SO
a pignis instme—Cls. Ms embank PIM nbalmths
dm Yoe arlittmiss sea atm an Orgliuslizela.
asisilatioull mold orb.
r
...allingilf=it psi owl %es
ups Et asssassaL Pr slormse =
die shim ertird easmaisks Os asnstsoss ypairabs.
orpossok MS% tal WWl= mg be mils loath=
inset.
aimsol. IS. PalioriliMlPwl Walk SA Conklin; bubo, 5,
pre lassiainett OnratiPss 151, Thet-sirset; Nelson. 437. Wert
goall: frame Ma Avner. 10. AriTy11.40......

Nem Ude is realy the teembeg point of the debate—the
sem d Ihnfiebeener seed IMa- Believe him, and he and
others wal depend upon yes, and come again and again.
Be it m ; bat relieve him not, and what will then be the
eerie pence ? You transfer him, perhaps, to the hosyntal or
the gaol. Will the state be the better for that ? If he is
not really out of work but only pretending to be so, •
labour test will detect him. If he is out of work, and
sob* will help him, he will die ; end if the death of a
=tfrom time to time, be neocuary "pour encourager
ares," then civilisation is eopported by hump
sacrifices ! _ _ _

It u not pretended that any poor-law can meet all cum.
Very far from that. In • pestilence, or a famine, charity
avails nothing. Whatever distress is owing to a general
insalciency of food no poor-law can relieve. But a vast
deal of distress is OWiliff to Irregularity of distribution, and
to occasional interruptions of trade. And them are cases
which a poor-law caw, and IBM or less does, meet, although
here it is the able-bodied that are especially in question.
Let anybody consider the structure of society in all the
more advanced stages of it; what fluctuations and casualties
are incident to all ClOiNdl ever and above the perennial
poverty that arises from the pressure of population. It is
found necessary to protect property against waste by all
manner of settlements and trusts, and against aecidenta by
life and fire insurances, the latter among the happiest con-
trivances of men f ng security of the unknown future.
But the misfortane or imprudence which lets arias man down
=a;lower condition, lets one who is in the lowest
down upon death! Then is the Doreetshire
peso at when out of work to be left to natural con-
troversies because he has net 1001. in the savings bank?
The Newham in that hour of need is his policy of insurance,
and ids Mow at all other times is the premium. There is
no esememied mistake here. A poor-law is besides a very
ethmeleas bellymeet of distribution. Of course it sloes not
preen& be be on insdisainent of production. But • law to
rommelle the chess of meth& can scarcely be deemed sa-
=.6.mbas 10 many laws favour acemsmilatien—where
frilleiliefiklith =lnnen, and tradition% eambine with
the vim of emenissee, to gather both lama eel money into
min- and whom, above all, a gigs& system of
11111•1110•111111 gathers labour also thee memos, using
it. Mr be and water, upon prinsiples of calcu-
lation 11111111% overbearing all perethel will end liberty,
• alleft mud hefts in me The ihrtnatieee
ether* Ithrespeleas W fashion in elides et Nth% and the
mighty power of mailthery an disturbers of the lather
mulct wh me loser Zee eau emend. When it it
be ever so tans that will eisimandy lied their level,
and that the seine of epee the whole account in-
sures with ? The Ilth of eeeley in made sip of
mental naiii—et animated machines that mot have daily
Weed or die.

14is;es fiiire being unquestionably the soul of mmuneree,
economists have by analogy applied it to labevz, bemuse
labour is a commodity, the subject of supply and demand.
And so far the analogy holds. The price of labour, that is
to say, wages, must sad will be detenniaed by the =
tion between population and capital. Bat labour is
sable hem the labourer, and the life of a man is not to be
uncured for because his labour has a value in the market.
Public health, education, morals, and manners, how era
them to be regulated by supply and demand ? Free trade
in these has not hitherto produced results satisfactory to any
body.
As general principles of political economy are nothing
lees than laws of nature. Consider, fur example, the maxima
following:
Industry is the only snoroe of civilisation.
Mehra are no snore than the savings of Wintry, and the rich cog

„sr thugs they roll posir7-
Wealthto Wee mine mad by tbe
la berm emend mills that wlncb
nelaiislas it.
ti
mdiallnlyomielle mom midelsitell on of ma-
nor% NOM Mid em a aft
net d the octaa l et a
private/Ism.
Time ;r
ken htpliboulllep • sad is• charity ma giggly the ghee
diadem% sr Se fientlemlei ade.
Thin are positions tad only irrefragable, bat which can
sever, without fetal eireson seam be lost sight of either in
paddle or private Ilk. Neither economy, however, nor
meta Usei that sonnet moist industry, or Insure
the horst blame ismiddsslimident to all men, but
all his inenings memos of providing against.
Upea this foundation, then, and upon no other, I desire to
red the rase of a poor law for the able-bodied. If it be only
peenlble, it is right. In some future and higher stage of
civilisation the able-bodied may be above it reach—peradven-
tare the sick and outworn, too, when the distress point bee
bum fixed for good some decent degrees above potatoes and
Mrln the mean time call not such an institution unecien-
. lt is a measure of humanity : it is a measure also of
police. It is the best insurance of property. It stands be.
tween the living and the deed, and brings home to the rich
a lively sense of their essential dependence upon the poor
The next letter will bring ILI in mediae ems to the con-
ditions and to the difficulties—the principle of test, the
principles of relief, and the principles of rating.—Tantonve.

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