The Express.
London, England, 1856-07-11 00:00:00

D.h! dr us 6 tutu, Tama. it sixths.

The commotion@ of 1820, of 1831, and the follow-
ing years, were therefore bat little felt in Tuscany,
and up to 1846, the government had dote nothing
too flagrant to forfeit its popularity. It was as
happy a state as it pleased Austria to allow south of
the Alps, nor could aught better be hoped for till Aus-
trian influence was providentially removed. Bat 1846
came, and with it Pim IX., and Charles Albert's
championship of Italy, and Metternich plainly hinted
that Tuscany mast now be left to her own destinies,
and that Austria could not even allow the Grand
Duke the benefit of her advice. Toe consequenos
was that Timmy eagerly seconded the Italian move-
ment ; that the Grand Doke granted a constitution to
his subjects ; that he took part in the national
straggle in Lombardy ; and that the Tos-
cana fought with a bravery worthy of olden
times on the fields of Gartman) and Montanan'.

Bat the Dopes of Italy paled in the heavens; the
Grand Doke hastened to disavow the national canoe ;
he attempted to stem alone the popular tide ; he was
overwhelmed by it; he fled before it with greater
cowardice than was exhibited even by that old
woman, -Pins IX., and left a free field for Guar-
nzzi, hiontanelli, and other men of that temper, who
looked for desperate remedies to boats'. evils. In
Tuscany, however, there were no element. for serious
mischief. °atrial would have looked in vain for
meet instruments of his ambition in Florence, Pisa,
Buena, or indeed anywhere else, save only amongst
the motley rabble that constitute the lowest maim of
tie people in Leghorn. At the load of • few hundred
asemeini, or ragamuffins from that seaport, he was
enabled to establish a mock democracy, a petty reign of
terror in the capitaL The word repubiio was, however,
hardly uttered; the Grand Duke ran, without ever
being driven, away ; and one fair morning even the
puma and somewhat pusillanimous population of
Florence was seized with a Bid generous icdignation,
kicked Onemzzi and sboramaiont,called for a reign
of the yakinfitornitsi—that is, made room for better
mss—pleoed Capponi, Ridolfi, and other honoured
parrots, at the had of a matey, and invited the
Grand Doke to return, presenting to him tbr• septet
of the most orderly, unanimous, aad respectable com-
asuity that Europe could boast in those days. The
Grand Duke put cif his return, effected it at the
tail of Austrian bayonets, clad in an Austrian
uniform as if bent on the cruelest outrage on all the
most legitimate national feeling., and chose to make
himself a perjurer to his people and • slave to Austrian
anaemia. Since that time he has outdone even
Austria in the stolid bigotry of his rule. Ni.- of
the gaterstwomini would of course countenacoe the
violation of the constitution freely granted and
solemnly sanctioned by the sovereign, and, as in
other Italian states, the Prince was ob:iged to oak
oat men without honour or character for his advisers
and executors. He has sod himself body and soul to
the Pope ; he has some to a more than Aeon= Con-
cordat with him, and declared himself a s'aunch
champion of that most convenient religion which as
power to teases • Prison from a troublesome oath
taken in the hoe of heaven and earth. His harsh
measures against a few very harmless Bible-readers,
and more or lees earnest converts to protestentists,
are the more iniquitous. as the Grand Doke koowp, as
well as I do, that neither persuasion nor persecution
will ever rain twenty Italians to any of the retcrtord
doctrines, and that the old faith is in no danger in
Italy except from the indiscretion of the priesthood.
Nevertheless, net all the ill-nature and imbecility
at the Prince, nor the argent suggestions of Austria,
will ever succeed In establishing a reign of terror
smengst the mild and easy Tuscans; out • drop of
Wild has ever been shed in the Grand Dosby from
political motives. There are not aware of exiles out
of the two million inhabitants, and even those are
rather voluntary emigrants than proscribed or ba-
nished men. The whole Tose= nation is wend sad
Irbil*, sad the Grand Duke has it always in his
etto call the yolaistwonial about him any day God
kiln with a holy wish to be • galaniumsto '

self. He has done not a little indeed to be de-
spised, but be is not hued, and he might
hod himself is the same position with Vic-
tor Emmanuel of Sardinia were he tomorrow, or
the day after, to show any disposition to rehabilitate'
himself. Gino Capponi, one of the antique cut of
Italian hereto, is unfortunately blind, and worn out
by disease; bat the Marquis Moth is full of life and
vigour, and he has a number of friends around him
who would enable the Prince to lie on his beautiful
Val d'Arno as on a bed of roe's. The Orand Doke
knows thtm, and we fear not to compromise by
naming them, for their high character is proof against
all the malevolence of Austria and of the paltry
minions who rule in her name. There is the Abate
Larobrnechini, one of those priests who still show
that it is vasibis for a catholic to be evangelical;
there is Enrico Mayer, a native of Wurtemberg, but a
man beoved in Tuscany, u he is well-known and
esteemed in England and throughout Europe ; and
Onalterio, Mannelli, Digny, and other younger men,
both tatives of the Gauntry and exiles from other
parte of Italy, long established in Tuscany, as in a
common land of refuge against political persecution
—all of whom the Orand Duke trusted en he had
put his faith in the powers of evil, and a reooncilia-
lion with whom would establish between him and his
people a thorough and permanent confidence and
good understanding.
Once more, I repeat, there is nothing rotten or in-
curably diseased in Tuscany. The Onnd Dike hes
only to remember the sacred sows by which he has
bound himself to his people—he has only to recall
into life the constitution of 1848, and appoint a con-
stitutional ministry. After three days not a Tuscan
will be found unwilling to die for the cause of the
country, for the Prince and constitutional royalty,
with that valour of which signal proofs were given at
Custatone and Montanan.

What, then, is there to prevent such a happy
consummation ? Why, what else but the great in-
cubus that lira equally in the way of order and peace
throughout Italy P Delgada net Austria. The Roman
and Neapolitan states present other difficulties which
cannot be so summarily dismissed, and which I shall
endeavour to point out in following lettere. But
as for Tuscany and the Duchies, I have no hesitation
to declare, that to reconcile the prince with his sub-
jects, bougre, marl, nothing else is to be done
but leave them tete•a•tsts, a quattr' orclei, the
one with the others. The Grand Duke is weak-
siLded, testy, indeed, bat pusillanimous. The Aus-
trians have been withdrawn from the Grand Duchy,
and the government seems now to stand on its own
legs. Bat the minister, Baldssaeroni, knows bow to
persuade his Sovereign not only that they are to be
recalled at three days notice it needed, but even that
they will come back, invited or uninvited, nukes he
takes his ens daily from the high powers at the
Austrian embassy. It is possible, also, that he
frightens the Grand Duke with dark fancies of red
republicanism, than which nothing is more repug-
nant to the Tuscan character, and with qualmish re-
membrances of his ignominious flight of 1849. Still,
even that wily minister could find no solution to the
great problem, which ought, however, non to be
propounded, o What were to be done if every pro-
spect of an Austrian intervention in the affairs of
lescauy were for ever removed p^
It is against the chances of such an intervention
that it behoves the great western powers to roman
the Italians, if they care, I will not NI for the wel-
fare of Italy, but for the peace and security of Europe.
The Italians need no more than fair play within the
confine' of those states which it pleased the nego-
tiators of Vienna in 1814 to declare independent,
Left entirely and bone fide to herself, Tuscany will,
soon present even more splendid results than the
world has witnessed in Piedmont, because the Grand'
Dochy is, and has been for centuries, a oompact;
homogeneous body, whilst Piedmont has only been
Gaited to Genoa sines 1814, and has a foreign ele-
ment to contend with in Savoy. and a barbarous
country to drag after it in the island of Sardinia.
But Austria. forsooth, ha. rights of reversion upon
Tuscany, and is vitally interested to prevent the es
tablishment of constitutional freedom in a country
which may come into her hands a thousand years
hence, in the case of the Grand Ducal line becoming
extinct. We do not believe England and France can
seriously listen to such objections; for Tuscany also
hue the same rights of reversibility over Austria, and
we have r.ot heard that the Grand Duke would be
entitled to demand the abolition of despotism in the
Austrian empire became he may one day be called
upon to wear the imperial diadem.

(PRON OUT ITALIAN

FLORENCE, JULY 1.

Not a day pow without woo fonts journal
pabliabing sosething ouessesing the state ef Tummy, bat
Wee of than give rarities like a true plows of the
onestry. Having visited the various pessimisms of
lob, and having studied sash of their governunnets,
gad their prandial edema apes the goversed, I eta
,antieflel that no italic• govitneseat .Denim a sore
fins Ca 115.... than that of Twomey. Elsewhere the people
ago premed by weeny, lasolones, end cruelty; bat, in
wit. of this, • man of wry and aoble spirit
will semet:gase appear. But here there is arching
but weakness sad hypocrisy; sad thus even a
sfreess naiad nut beams paralysed by being brought
bass w•tut with the uspriwalpled um who oesa-
piss au gevsrasu•t. Indeed, if I were melted is
eatiegialt every leanly feeling throughout Italy I due&
amply introits's the Tama system —or rather the
Tuscan Minieters—into every Italian state. I say the

Iliaikton, so: tho rya's, began ikon le so oysters, so
priselplo, so institution Is Twiny.

Baldueerni, who NW= such a favourite with foreign
liberal newspapers, is the peat apostle of that .has
which woe commend by the 'septa laseasbrosi, sad I.
seemed up in his favourite aphorise, 1110/1/12 o. la o.—
" wirid pas as by itself." This leaded Beldeaseron
bean by entering the Alone Ministry of Tawny. lie
this drew up, gad advocated sad signed the Statute. Being
neared by German bayonets ta the place from which he had
bees drives by the Mostamilit, In both advised sad
asbieribed tke dossment commanding the abollilos of that
very clang which tab the Prises and himself bad swan to
malaria. This same Baltimearcae, wine he thought the
Roman church triumphnt, west to Rea., and swieladed
with the Rely liee that Cosrardat which was published, U
I mistake act, in 1851. Upon that oesesies be we aim-
tiosately coaplimented by Aatoselll sad Pie Nen, sad
wag decorated with the Won Cram ad the Pepe. But
Win op his ratan to Panne the people apnea to
such intrust:oas, he thee advised there famous einaluse
by which the observance of this same Cascada was rea-
d. rad slant unnecessary. When bigotry sad gaper-
stitios seemed icr • =onset in the acendaat, he
act ore toot the prosecution of the Nadia% sad his
owe son (a piaci aloft is the gendarmerie, igeorant
&beached, and with an absolute panne fcr making aunts)
was censmanded to arrest Miss Canainghea The nue of
that fatal trial every one knows. The pathos takes by
Peedsost in ecesatheace of the ate war, and the promos
of her plenipinatiaries et the cosines of Paris, adueed our
prime minister to think that the chances la favour of liberal-
ism fct lay might agate prevail. Ever watchful therefore,
sot rot the good of the people, whims he denims, not for the
Prise., whim be tibia as his tool, but for the security of his
best in the cabnet, this Balderston, suspecting that liberal
°pains say spin prevail, has gale begs. to play at libera-
tion, offauig decorations to the Marchese Ridoll,
toltiaa-
soli, Is., and talcs every paha mesas to have it
belie cad that be Was alarmed lest the action of Rome
might Induce the Gran Bake to unties • sew Concordat
similar to that mania by Austria; atieurln them, at
the Ball time, tt at if the Grand Duke gave his mann is
thy such thing—which, indeed, he told them the Duke was
much ireithed to do—be would immediately resign his
elks. And this, too, wee all • abs n ; far Bahamans*
knew wed enough that the Gran Dake wee averse sees to
diocese sash a pith ; and it is cots noes %La% if such a eat-
: cardat had been coicaded, Beldam rat, in order to
retain his power, would have fend sass mans
to aematedate himself to the sew dreaminess.
The cter went of principle in this minis's, Is appestat a
*eery detail cf his insist trsticte. The good is bad, the
had I. good ; hinny I. disboaesty. The suight rake
snout is no I eur off .ham the rogue. I south, bed I time,
prove this by facts of daily en ethane. Bat the words.' this
state et clasps is, that men Dare know absolute metal seep-
ing. There is nothing but lyiag and dessoralisatioa. This may
area ezaggentad, bat it say man viii the country sad pet
Memel( is ensegies with the people, sad he will admit that
1 speak the truth. I have only spokeaMßthisteerese banes
hole Vie most preethmat men, sad meet talked of sad