The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-24 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 24, 1846.

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The public respectftilly informed that thl. TIIEATitE, the Interior
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'Jj- la 4'portglit

M. 111.5.

The overland elcred inails„ro;llitt;rilles, to the Mediterranean,
Egypt. Aden, Crylnn, Ludia, Ming-Kong, he., will mthle up on the
evening of the 21th hag.
The mutts foe Comma, Vigo, Oporto, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made up on the 26th in-t.
The mails for New South Wait , &e., will be made up on the evening
of the 30th inst.
The We .t India mail,, including that fr. Moxieo, Ifonduras, and
Havana, a ill le made up on the morning or thi. 2'l October.
The m:. "s for Itritiali North .thic rim, Bermuda, cad the I:nited
State% be made up on the . vening of too :Id October.
The m :4 fur lladeir.., Bra-.ii., [Mew* .tyres, Mode ViLico, he.,
will be n..aie up on the evening of the sth October.

TO CCIIRKBPONDENTS.
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aneey.aoash• ; but Owen who etweme to addre: us in e-nid,nee :11
Ind th-le confidence reapectoS. NEITITEIt CAN WE CSDERIA nE
TO EYTURN ANY MANUSCRIPTS VIIIATEVER.
••• Ad' •Ttiseleenta inter:LA for The Fxpresr must be at the 03ce by
Two b*.locla on the dap of publication.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-MD(IE.

MS ,r.—Mors,.74 -15-01 tn. 4;571 1. set 4.
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LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 24.
Tt=E investigation into the treatment of the poor in
St. Pancras workhouse was brought to a close on
Tuesday. It originated in the suicide of a girl,
who, having left her place, drowned herself rather
than return to the workhouse to be confinal in the
" shed "—a place of confincmeat for refractory and
ill-d.sposed paupers. The unanimous verdict of the
vomiter's jury was to this effect, and had appended
to it an opinion that the discipline of the shed was
ecessarily severe.
This verdict led of course to an investigation.
Mr. senior churchwarden, a guardian,
and a barrister, explained that the shed was used for
separating able-bodied, idle, and dissolute paupers,
from the aged and respectable inmates of the house.
Tie shed was not, he declared, a place of confinement
any more than the workhouse itself.
The place in question consists of two rooms, a day-
room and a dormitory, on the basement of the main
building, two feet below the level of the soil, each
about thirty-five feet long by fifteen wide and seven
high. The bed-rnom contains ten bells, occupied

sornetinws by sirban, s,llo'intes ay twenty or twenty-
four p rapers. According to the hospital calculation
of a cube of nine htt to an occupant, Me dormitory
shoubt accummodate sir persons. The damp from an
r ]joining ce.spool oozes through the walls. This
pleasant apartment communicates with a yard forty
:'act long, and from fifteen to twenty broad, with a
lagged pavement and high walls. This yard is kept
always locked. But it is not a place of confinement.
Oh, no! It is a place of separation.
Let us sec the evidence of James Hill, who waits
en the occupants of the shed. " They are lucked up
piglet 0,111 day. They frequently escape orcr the
walk They ore put in fin• misconduct." Mr. Lee, the
maser of the workhouse, declares that if the persons

is the shed make application to come out, they- are
freyttenily released. He is "not aware if he has any
legal right to refuse them, but dues sometimes exercise
that authority." One of the women is there for
throwing her clothes over the wall ; another, for getting
"overtaken in liquor" while out of the house, and
losing her pail and brush. A third inmate is a girl of
weak intellect, who went out for a day, was made
drunk and insensible by a male pauper, and suffered
dreadful mal-treatment. All the pauper witnesses repre-
sent the shed as a place of punishment. The six ounces
of meat given three times a week by the dietary,
is reduced to four ounces for the shed paupers.
Still all this, in Mr. llowaran's eyes, neither con-
stitutes the shed a place of confinement nor of punish-
ment. It is a place of separation. So is a prison.
It is a prison in a prison ; a lower depth in the
lowest deep of workhouse wretchedness and re-
straint. Arc we to he told that this is " clas-
sification" (as the report of the directors im-
pudently calls it), by which the young and old,
imbecile and drunken, sickly and turbulent, arc shut
up together day and night, picking oakum ; look-
ing out through the heavy day on the bare walls of
their wretched yard ; at night, breathing their own
feetid exhalations and the miasma of a cess-pool, 21 of
them sometimes in a space only fit to accommodate
six with due regard to health and decency ? And all
this at the arbitrary will of master or matron, un-
checked by the Board ! One poor creature had been
there for three years. She had not come out because
" she was in such bad health, and had nowhere to go
to." Yet she was shut up; because she was considered
able-bodied and fit for work, when her appearance
belied it, and spoke her broken spirit and shattered
constitution.
Mr. W. LEE seems blessed with an unusual amount
of ignorance as to his legal powers and responsibilities.

He keeps no account of peisons confined in the black
hole, for IS hours sometimes, and without directions
from the board. He thinks the matron has power to put
paupers in the strong room. On one point he is cer-
tain. He " has no denbl that persons have been
confined without his orders." He "has no doubt that
he has receired instructions from the board about the
refractory ward, but he does not know where to find
them." "If any paupers committed to the ward feel
aggrieved, they can apply to be released, and he has
no doubt he would release them." (We beg to differ
from Mr. LEE on this point) He makes no weekly
report of punishments. l le reigns supreme, monarch
of all he surveys, wielding the terrors of shed and
black-hole unquestioned and unchecked.
In Miss STONE, the matron, he has a worthy coed-
jutrix. This lady felt herself very much " degraded"
by the coroner's jury. They asked her some most
inconvenient questions, to which she gave awkwardly
ready answers. She confined to the shed a girl who
returned from place, though she admitted the work of
the place was too much for her. She confessed she
might have punished JONES (the suicide) by putting
her in the black-hole. But it was a mere trifle—
" only a feto hours" in an underground cell—"perhaps
from naw:may till night, fur refusing to do some domes-
tic scrrice." JONES was helpless. Her mistress
brought her back to the workhouse. loNns cried,
and begged to be taken back, to service, offering to
work fo. nothiny. Her recollections of the workhouse
do not seem to have been pleasant. Hard work,
unpaid; suicide ; anything rather than the shed ! A
precious testimony to the St. Pancras system of
" classification !"
These paupers in the shed are clearly a refractory
set. " They complain of being shut up so long:"
They say they would like more bread and more

meat." Audacious as Oliver Twist ! They even com-
plain of the damp and the bad smell ! Ungrateful,
dainty wretches !
On the whole, as Mr. llow.kant says, it is evi-
dently " at just to suppose that the system of separa-
tion adopted in the house is regarded as a mode of
punishment!'
The directors issued a solemn summons to the
members of the parochial medical board. District
surgeons and consulting surgeons assembled ; in-
spected the shed; and pronounced it a very pleasant
place, if the roof were higher, and if the ventilation
were better, and if the damp were removed, and if
fewer slept in a bed, and six instead of 24 in the room.
They then examined the dietary, and pronounced it suffi-
cient, if the allowances were of full weight, if the meat
were of the best quality, if there were plenty of milk
in the porridge, and if the broth were better. Great
virtue in an 'if!' Unhappily, in the present case,
the allowances are not full weight; the meat not of
the best quality ; nacre is not milk enough in the por-
ridge; and the broth might be very much better, and
yet not good.
Mr. COOPER, the parish surgeon, is a special object
of antipathy to the worthy and humane llowAr.ru.
Ile is one of those ridiculously particular men, unfit to
deal with paupers. Ile actually objected to the pauper
women performing their ablutions in the urinals, and
felt aggrieved when the master told him to " mind
his shop," and llow.tscrit stood by without rebuking
the autocrat! Mr. COOPER too admits that the
dietary would be sufficient, with all the above-men-
tioned " ifs." But he finds that the milk-porridge
contains one quart of milk to six of oatmeal ; that the
meat is half fat, and often uneatable from imperfect
cooking ; and that the frequent stoppages of diet are
destructive of the health of the younger inmates. His
remonstrances, however, have been received in a style
that has read him a lesson ; and he ceases to remon-
strate accordingly; and the guardians have it ac they
would—a silent surgeon and an omnipotent master.
The saddest part of the farce, however, was that of
the last day's proceedings. The quality and
quantity of the diet had been discussed :
the directors felt bound to examine into
both. So they proceeded to the house. Of course
the Master knew nothing of the intended visit. Who
can suspect the possibility of such a thing, after the
previous display of How.tnTn's impartiality and de-
termination to do justice? So to the house they
went. They took the excellent LEE quite by sur-
prise, and enjoyed parish pot-luck. 1):..
HAM'S description makes one's mouth water.
He came to the hzusa on Saturday, in ordc to examine
the food; he found that, on that day, the in wales had what
was ca!led ox-cheek soup; he tast,d it, and he was so Irea
satisfied with it, that he took all that was yirta to hint.
Ile then went into the kitchen, and saw t.'e master cutting
awat for the sick and itilfrna. Ile tasted the mutton,
and found it as succulent and good as tact which he pur-
chased for his own oonsumptiots

The picture of this patriarchal and benevolent
Master "cutting up meat for the sick and infirm"
is perfectly beautiful. llowAnru, too, did his duty
and was equally lucky.

Mr. Howarth staled that he had visited the house yes-
t,tday, a.ul had exantiaed the food, with the quart!, of
which he was perfectly satisfied. Ile tasted the soup, and
was so well pleased with it that he obtained an allowance. ,
(A laugh.)
But not satisfied with this, that Rhadarnanthus of a
lIIRMINGIIAM proposed a crucial test.
- - .

He begged to move, that the mastsr of the wurlihouse be
desired to briny before the board Me ordinary ealions (aloe-eft
the paupers for breakftut, dinner, and supiar ; and that nny
Gentleman present be allowed to call and examine any of the
paupers us to whether the raid they usually received was of
the tame quality, and in the sante quantity.

The rations were produced ; " and, lo! the porridge
smoked upon the board." Thus it was, in tempting
and succulent array—the pauper bill of fare ;

Soup.
Cheese. Pease Porridge. Potatoes
Meat. Beer.
Nothing can be more tempting: who would not be a
pauper of St. Pancras ? Six paupers arc called in,
and one awl all test that the rations of inzilt, pota-
toes, soup, and porridge, arc better in quality and
greater in quantity than the workhouse allowance.
There is a slight pause ! litamison.tu looks blank at
HOWARTH, and HOWARTH gazes uneasily on MR-
mrsGuAm. But it is only for a minute. Ready wits
jump :
Dr. BIRMINGHAM.—This is the allowance for Sunday.
Mr. MAItLEY.—I understand there is no difference between
the allowance on Sunday and on any other day.
Mr. HOWAILTH.— Thv hare better natal on Sundays.

What follows this glaring exposure ? Impeach-
ment of the master, on this clear proof of malversa-
tion in the house and dishonesty before the board ?
So expects Mr. HALTON, and very naturally suggests
that Mr. LEE be called on for an explanation.
Mr. Lee is not called on, and no explanation takes
place. The room is cleared, and after an kour and a
half's discussion, a Report is unanimously agreed to.
Our readers may anticipate its tenor. It finds that
there is no place deserving to be called the shed ; that
the rooms so called are very admirable places of
" separation" for refractory paupers. That the diet is
excellent ; that everything is as it ought to be. It
recommends that reports of punishments be more
regularly made to the board, that classification of old
and young be improved, and that some little change
be made in the ventilation of the refractory wards !

And so concludes this sad farce of the St. Pancras
investigation. One more disgraceful to the guardians
cannot be found even in the pregnant annals of work-
houso mismanagement. Here is no question of New
poor-law or Old. It is a case for the intervention of
that central power which the New Law established.
We refrain from comment. A practical one will no
doubt be furnished from Somerset-house. We leave
Mr. llowanzli to his reflections. A poor-law
guardian, he seems destitute of every spark of
humanity ; a barrister, ho is either ignorant of the
simplest rules of evidence, or wanting in the slightest
regard for justice.

A SINGULAR result of the Quadruple Alliance, cer-
tainly—the marriage of the presumptive heiress of
the Spanish Crown to a French prince ! and the
repairing of I)on C.utLos the younger, and his lieu-
tenant, C 11111EILt, to London, in search of friends
and resources !

In recognising the validity of FERDINAND'S testa-
ment, and the right of IsaBELL k to succeed, England
was actuated by the desire to procure a free government
for the Spaniards, and such a liberal system as would
make Spain the ally of the West against the despotic
and retrograde tendencies of the East. From 1831 to
1833 we constituted ourselves the patrons of France
and of Spain, throwing the large shield of protection
over the revolutions and constitutions of both. But in
the years that intervened between 1811 and 1846,
the parts were changed. The French government,
in return for our protecting it against united Europe,
has never ceased to bully and to menace us; and
when, in return for this bullying, we resolved to
conciliate and be amiable, the constitutional King of the
French took advantage of our soft hamour to filch
Spain from under our care. Lord ABERDEEN half
consented to the marriage of the Infanta. And
now England is isolated in Europe; not forgiven by
the Eastern Powers, for emancipating Spain ; and, at
the same time, placed in permanent antagonism to
France, by its monarch having juggled us out of every
aim that we proposed to ourselves from 1831 to 1833.
These aims were a cordial alliance with France, the
freedom and independence of Spain secured. Instead
of this we have enmity with France, with Spain
the very contrary of either freedom or indepen-
dence. We are decidedly worse off than if we had
lost the battle of Waterloo. The French rule is this
moment as fully established to the Rhine, as it
could have been by such a victory ; whilst Spain,
which then was decidedly independent of France,
now sinks into one of her provinces, its royal family
and its Cortea being treated as mere beggarly depen-
dents.

But are we to better this by espousing the cause of

Don CARLOS, or by helping to re-deliver the penin- I
sula to him and Don !tIiGuEL ? No one amongst our
Liberals would dream of such tortuous policy, such
foul dereliction of principle. We have had enough
of dynasties, and of allying with Courts and with
Sovereigns. Kings and Queens with Constitutions,
or with mock Constitutions, are even more slippery
and dishonest than Kings and Quells without
them. And we have had experience enough of
the llounnoN race to prove that it cannot be trusted;
that as far at least as honest, is concerned, all its
branches are rotten. Our future allies should be the
People, and the liberal, we do not say the ultra-
liberal, parties of France and Spain.

We can, of course, make no treaties with them; we
can condescend to no intrigues. Our national habits arc
not those of conspiracy ; nor do we want to take ven-
geance on the French envoy's nocturnal subjugation
of the Spanish Queen, by nocturnal attempts to stir
up her people. But is all acts we can consult the
true interests and independence of the Spaniards,
not aiding their foes, and not seeking any self-
ish or imaginary objects of our own by such
ways as would be unpalatable to the Spanish
nation. With Don C.utt.os, therefore, or his son,
or his general, CABRERA, we can have nought to do.
If capitalists can be found to risk their money en a
Carlist crusade, there is of course no means of pre-
venting them. It would certainly be better for
England to see Spain independent, though governed
by a legitimist despot, than to have her as at present
under military despotism, yet at the same time
dependent on a foreign power. Our own preferences,
however, are not alone to be consulted in dealing with
the peninsula. We have but to remain true to the
cause of liberal Spain, and Spaniards will in time, if
not at the moment, be true to themselves.
In the meanwhile Don E.VRIQUE, second son of the
Infanta Don FRANCISCO, seems to have taken good
and just ground in his protest to the Cort.s. Ile
acquiesces and rejoices in the preference shown to his
I brother for the Queen's hand. He acknowledges his having once pretended to the honour, and corroborates
what we long since stated: namely, that the French
Court would have accepted him as a husband for the
Queen, if he could haveconsenteil to adopt French policy,
and premise to be an A.fraucestrolo. Thishe declined ; and
because he would not sign away his own, his pro-
mised wife's, and his country's independence, he was
ignominiously set aside. Don E.NRIQUE now protests
against any rights that may accrue to the offspring
of the Due DE MONTPENSIER, in regard to the sueem-
dun to the Spanish throne. He declares such claims to
be contrary to the stipulations of the treaty of Utrecht.
We believe that the of instructions sent to
Mr. Bui.wEn completely accord with Don ENRIQUE'S
view. Here, then, is a competitor to the future
dynasty of NIONTPENSIER. The marriage resolved
on in Madrid by Louis PHILIPPE, though opposed
by his wisest counsellors, opens the way not for one
civil war, but two; and not for two disputants to the
crown, but for three.
For the present, however, the young Queen is
entitled to every respect. In these events she has
been the innocent sictien. She has yielded to violence ;
to threats ; and she resigns herself to the dictation
of France, in order at least to attain a woman's
liberty by seine kind of a marriage. That she may
avenge herself one day, is likely. So that, in addition
to the feuds which we have enumerated as likely to
spring out of these marriages, there are ether feuds
more fierce, more degrading, more demoralizing,
which Louts PHILIPPE cannot but contemplate as
inevitable fruits of his policy, however ho may re-
gard them without compunction or remorse.
We perceive a disposition to place hope in
NARVAEZ. A vain hope. It was Nsavaez's per-
sonal hatred of Don EmentrE, whom he had insulted,
and who refused to pardon him—it was this hatred,
that mainly brought about the selection of the Duke of
Cmarz. The needy general is too deeply under French
obligation to feel as a Spaniard. Besides, although
resolute in military matters, NARVAEZ has been a
weathercock in politics. lie has been for every can-
didate; for ENRIQUE, for TilAr.tsi, for the Duke of
Caniz ; for CHRISTINA, and against her ; coquetting
with England, but never true to her; betrayed and
.
trilled with by France, yet duped by Louts
PHILIPPE'S blandishments in exile. The genius of I
ESPARTERO was somewhat leaden, heavy, inert, and
dull, though solid. 'flat of NARVAEZ is shifting
quicksilver, on which nothing can be built. The
French will not lose sight of him; and certainly
would not let him return to Madrid, were they not
sure of him. Tory writers had far better own at
once, that with regard to NARVAEZ, as to the Mode-
rados whose wisdom they have praised and in
whose independence they put trust, they have been
as egregiously deceived as Lord ABERDEEN in the
friendship and promises of Louts PHILIPPE.

IT would be premature to attribute blame in any
quarter for the fatal accident which occurred on the
Great Western Itallway last Monday, before the
adjourned investigation by the coroner's jury has
terminated. Fair play would forbid such rash cen-
sure in any case; and with respect to the Great
Western Company, it ought to be kept in mind, that,
according to the last return of railway accidents laid
before Parliament, there have been fewer casualties
upon it than on any other of the great lines of rail-
way. It is true that the return showed, for
the York and North Midlands, as for the
Great Western, only one accident during
the first half of the present year; but the
extent of mileage and the number of passengers on
the York and North Midlands fall far short of those
of the Great Western. The remarks we now offer
will be understood, therefore, to imply no unfair pre-
judging of the case of the Great Western Company
on the present occasion, but to relate to the general
management of English railways.
The late railway accident, then, is the third that has
been reported in the course of a week. There was
the accident on the Brandling Junction on the 14th
inst., by which a tire-man and engine-man were
dangerously injured; there was the accident
occasioned by the running of an engine belonging to
the London and North Western Company into a
Leicester and Rugby train oa the 19th, when the
guard was seriously, and several passengers less
severely injured ; and now there is the accident
on the Great Western, by which two passengers are
deprived of life. The hot haste with which these
casualties follow each other is enough to unsettle the
nerves of the public.
This, however, might have passed unnoticed, for
accidents will at times come in clusters with long
intervals between, instead of being equally distributed
over the year. But from the last report of the officers
of the railway department presented to parliament, it
appears that the number of railway accidents, which
had rapidly diminished from 1810 to 1843, greatly
increased in 1844 and the first six months of 1845.
The total number of railway accidents during the last
six months of 1810 was 28, with 22 persons killed and
131 injured ; in 1841, there were 29 accidents in all, 24
killed and 72 injured ; in 1842, 10 accidents, 3 killed
and 49 injured ; in 1813, 5 accidents, 3 killed and 3
injured. While the number of accidents was thus
diminishing, the number of miles of railway open,
and still more the number of passengers travelling by
railway, were greatly increased. In 1840 there were
1,330 miles open, in 1843 there were 1,798 ; in 1840
there were about twelve millions of passengers by
railway, in 1813 there were upwards of twenty-five
millions. This shows what caution and attention
could do, to minimise the danger of travelling by rail-
way. With 1841, commences a less creditable state
of affairs for the railways. In 1844, there were 32
accidents, in which 10 persons were killed and 74
injured. During the first six months of 1815, there
were 15 accidents, 2 killed and 30 injured.
The following table shows the proportion of the

number of persons injured, to the total number of
passengers carried in each year :
1840 ;lost 6 months) in 39,410
1641
1042
1313 — in 4,162,097
1844
1845 (flat lax mouths) in 522,217

If proper caution and attention could bring down
the ratio of railway casualties to 1 in every 4,162,087
passengers, proper caution alid attention could keep
it there. Instead, however, of this being the case,
we find the ratio rise in 1841 to 1 in every 3a6,702;
in the first six months of 1845 to 1 in every 622,217;
and, judging from the rapidity with which accidents
have been succeeding each other during the last ten
days, it does not appear likely that the ratio has again
been reduced.
We are averse to the interference of Government
in the trading administration of railways. But the
enforcement of due precautions to prevent accidents,
is a matter of police, not of commercial management.
Hitherto the police of railways has been left to the
charge of the companies : the calculations now sub-
mitted to our readers seggest the question whether
the preventive police of rail ways, like the preventive
police of the metropolis, ought not to be taken into
the hands of Government? Wo can see no more
reason for leaving the appointment and control of
the police on a railway to the company, than for leav-
ing the appointment and control of the police on the
great line of road from the Bank to Isleworth to the
omnibus proprietors. If, however, Government shall
at any time see fit to assume the charge of the
railway police, it is to be hoped that Major
General PASLEY may not be placed in command. A
gentleman who, when urged to fulfil the duties of his
office and insp,..ct in person the engines and rails
shattered by an accident, replies that he knows all
about the matter without putting himself to the
trouble, inspires distrust in common-place people like
ourselves. Without meaning any disrespect to mes-
merism, we must confess that we have no faith in the
cletirevaiice of the Inspector-General of Itaidasays.

Our express from Paris has reached us, ea well as
the papers of the 2nd. The latter are chiefly taken
up with the proclamation of 1)on Enrique and the
affairs of Holstein. There was nothing stirring of
local importance.
Baron Relies Clapariale, Conservative deputy,
whose election had been declared void, had been re-
elected at Schelestat by 341/1 votes to 18.
The Co:Gyier, Fmnrais states that " the ministry is
thrown into great agitation by the flight of Cabrera
and the Count de Jlontemolin. We learn that as soon
as it was ascertained that the two fugitives were
arrived in England, it sent off to London four agents
of the secret police, who are to communicate, day by
day, accounts of their movements. It is also hoped,
at the same time, that by means of orders sent to the
commander of our naval station, the fugitives may be
prevented from landing in Spain."
We learn by a letter of the 10th instant, front Oran
that at the end of the last month, shots were ex-
changed between the slldiers on guard over the herds
at Ljemma Ghazaout and the Arabs. General Pelis-
sier, commandant of the sub-division of Mostaganem,
had returned to his post, and was about to march out
at the head of a strong column. According to a'
letter from Algiers of the 15th, reinforcements have
been sent to Orleansville. General Levasseur is to
have the command of the sub-division of :Miliarah.

We have our Madrid correspondence to the 17th
instant, in regular course. The two dispensations for
the royal marriages had reached Marseilles from
Lome on the 11th.
The Chamber of Deputies sat on the 17th. After
some preliminary conversation as to the receipt of
taxes, the Secretary proceeded to read the protest of
the Infant Don Enrique, which he has addressed to
the Chamber. It is as follows :

GHENT, SEPT, 9.

.‘ I Was living far from the Court, exempt froia ambition,
and exclusively devoted to my profession, when I received,
towards the end of the year 181.5, 'Royal coagi, to enable
me to go to Madrid to see my venerated father. His paternal
love, and what he thought he knew of the wishes of the
Queen, made him think that I ought to take a certain initia-
tive ou the important question of the murriage of my august
cousin. I then thought that, in presence of the unanimous
manifestation of all parties, such an alliance required a writ-
ten and solemn declaration of the political principles which
it was indispensable to eutcrtain, in order to consolidate the
censtitutional throne and the complete independence of
Spain. My father unelormek to present in my name to her
Majesty the faithful expression of my sentiments, and what
took place on that occasion at the palace made it a duty for
me t 3 publish my manifesto of the list Septemiser, which
cannot have been fully appreciated, as the public were igno-
rant of the circumstance which had rendered it necessary.
Then commenced for me a persecution which increased
daily. I will not descend to the enumeration of all the vex-
ations of which I have been the object. Those with which
the public are acquainted are sufficiently grave for the Cortes
to inquire whether it would not be right to adopt measures
to protect for the future both princes and citizens against the
exerei eof arbitrary power. Compelled by its order to leave
Madrid precipitately, I was treated by the authorities of
Galicia in a way which enabled me to divine what trials
were reserved for me by the ministry. Happily I found large
compensation in the esteem and eonhdence of which the inha-
bitants of Galicia gave me sensible, although restricted proofs.
I was living peaceably and isolated, not imagining that I
should be exposed to any new persecution, when I received
at Ferrol the order to proceed without delay to Corunna, and
to present myself before the Captain-General. This person
communicated to me the order to quit the kingdom within
forty-eight hours, without objection of any kind, even that of
illness. This was stated in the despatch from the govern-
ment which he communicated to me. From respect for the
Queen, and from a love of peace, I resigned myself to this
unworthy treatment and embarked for Bayonne after hav-
ing written to her is at the moment when I quitted
the shores of my country. The honours duo to my rank
were denied to me, and care had been taken to inspire the
captain of the vessel with the most unjust prejudices against
my person, for which, besides, he had been compelled to
give a receipt. This anger of the ministry pursued me to
a foreign land, and was felt as far as it could reach me.
What were its motive and object ? I only knew this on
arriving in Paris, where the King of the French, my august
uncle, gave me so kind a reception. It was proved to me
besides that I was not punished as a rash person who had
one day aspired to the hand of the Queen, but that I was
rather reproached for not having persevered in this preten-
sion, and not having placed myself under a certain influence
and submitted to certain conditions. I should never have
thought of revealing this, hut I owe the entire truth to the
national representatives, and I will no more fail in this duty
than I failed in Paris in what was due to the dignity of my
country and the honour of my family. I quitted promptly
the French capital and withdrew into Belgium. I have
received from the most respectable persons as regards my
mind, a proposition to return to Spain, and I should
have accepted it if I had consulted only my personal in-
terests ; but I had also to consult my dignity and the
severity of my princ;ples, which rendered it incumbent upon
me to refuse. I have a right to demand, and I will obtain,
sooner or later, a complete reparation, as striking as the in-
justice that I have sustained, as honourable as the exile to
which I was condemned was iniquitous. The silence which
followed these propositions was of a nature to show that some
great event was in preparation ; in fact, there was soon an-
nounced the marriage of the Queen with my beloved brother,
and that of the Infanta with the Duke de Montpensier.
These two marriages were concluded at the same time, al-
though they were not published on the same day, or in the
same manner in Spain. The first meets the views which I
have not ceased to repeat i the second reveals to Spain and
Europe what was clearly intelligible to me during my short
stayain Paris. I will not inquire what Spain and Europe
have to do after this revelation, or examine whether this
marriage is reconcileable with a clause inserted in the con-
stitution of 184.5. What is important for me, and what is
my right—a right which I exercise much less from consider-
ations of family than to avoid difficult questions, and to
prevent, perhaps, new wars of succession, so fatali to our
country—is to protest against all eventual right to the throne
of Spain which might be granted to the children of the Duke
de Montpensier in the event of his marrying the Infanta.
The renunciation made by the family of Orleans in the treaty
of Utrecht would beforehand render null all right of this
kind, which could be either accorded or imposed. My fa-
mily being the first that would suffer from it, I protest be-
fore the Cortes against any prejudice which might result
from what is doing, or has been done.
(Signed) HENItI MARIA DE BOURBON."

Don Francisco de Paula Figueras has been ap-
pointed Member of the Supreme Tribunal of War and
Marine.
Apartments for the Dukes do 'lontpensicr and Ne-
mours are preparing in tho hotel of the Count de
Bresson.

La Caccia publishes a decree for raising 25,000
recruits.

El Tiempo asserts that Mr. Bulwer had addressed
another note to Senor Isturitz, in consequence of in-
structions received from England.

CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 7.
The Sultan is very goodnaturcdly trying to harmo-
nize the discordant elements of the present Cabinet. He
has commanded Reshid, Riza, and Rifaat Pachas all to dine
with Khosref Pacha at the Seraskierat, and to shake hands
and forget all grudges, and be good friend. fur the time to
come. This reconciliatory dinner took place on the ah.

Nafing Pacha was left out, which seems to confirm a guess
which I hazarded in a former letter, that the indisposition
that has lately weighed upon the Minister of Finence, was
of a political kind. As to the kiss of peace commanded by
the Sultan, something remains to be said. Concord it a very
good thing no doubt, and a good dinner is not a bad way of pre-
meting it. But the sort of moral cement furnished by the best
of dinners, not being in its nature durable, is good only for
carrying some point which requires an equally transient
uneuimity in the diners. Where men, radicaty and vitally
oppoeed in their principles and characters, have to form mem-
bers of the same ministry, the meat despotic of, monarchs
may command them to pull together, to dine together, and
to shake hands togethe: without producing the hoist real
union among them. In order that a country may betoterably
well governed, the governing body must have some real
genuine principle of coherence, the hushing of their squabbles
by the master's breath may Le a step towards decenee, but
doss not iet the least bring about a better understanding
among them. So far from that, by the exercise of such
authority, open hostility shrinks into channels of secret
opposition; fair antagonism is replaced by skulking intrigue,
and rough discussion by smooth hypocritical assent, to the
great, detriment of all public business. By patching up an
external alliance between Reahid and Hien, neither the shape
nor temper of the ministry are changed it is neither more
compact nor more effective for work than it was before.
These two men differ entirely upon the main questions of
Ottoman government, and completely neutralise one another.
Itershid is fir relaxing the dieobilities of rayabe, Rize for
maintaining them by coercion. The Minister for Foreign
Affairs pursues male, reat'on with the strictest severity the
Minister of Commerce connives at it. The first is a man of
unimpeachable integrity: the last has been convicted of
gigantic frauds. In a word, one is a man with clean hands,
tier f Line, and excellent intentions, and the oth, r is the con-
trary of nll this. Their only point of resemblance is that
they are both men of good talents. The command to kiss
and be friends cannot produce a durable conjunction of
such opposites. One nned thrust out the other. And, since
the star of Rise Paella is in the ascendant, we may natu-
rally suppose that he is destined, ere long, to have the
field clear to himself. The character and prine:plcs of
Khosref Pacha I have bad occasion to allude to in form r
letters. Age seems to be gradually thining over his mind's
' eye, thickening his memory, end blunting his administra-
tive faculty. But he is still the merry, though somewhat
buffoonish, convivial corns:anion of other years. Rifaat
Pasha, President of the Council, is a man of remarkable
iutelligence, but devoid of practiced em rgy. His ideas are
excellent; but unless their execution be entrusted to more
active hands, they are likely to wait lung. before they are
reahscd in a working shape. The same indolence which
makes him a procrastinator in work, prevents him from tak-
ing a decided part in part}-politics; and though the Mer-
e:ay of his plans, the enlightenment of his mind, and the
re...eines' of his intentions would make him a most valuable
co-operator with Iteshid Pacha, his love o: ease, and reluct-
ance to engage in party-warfare, make him, with all his
talents, really but a lukewarm ally to the cause of progress,
whatever may be his professions. He is looked upon as the
mast aceompliehed of the Turks. His powers of conversation
are very striking, even to Europeans of the highest talent,
and most finished education ; and to this eloquence he adds
meth taste and knowledge in matters of art and science.
With the politician and the amateur he unites the less-
exalted character of a gourmand and voluptuary ; and his
kitchen, wines, gardens, and Cireassian slaves, arc the theme
of Turkish admiration. It is to be hoped that this Ottoman
Sardanapalus will one of these dam be reached in the luxuri-
ous recesses of his leisure by the high call of duty, and gird-
les; on the armour of work in good earnest, turn out a good
soldier in the cruse of reform.

There is news front Erzernam is late as Aug. 29. The
cholera was much less violent at Teheran; and from the
directions towards the east and south which that plague had
taken, the fears which prevailed lest it should make its applar-
ance at Tabreex were considaably calmed. The i ces
visited in Persia were Kasbin an 1 ',Logan, and then oum
and Kashan. The two first rf these towns are respectively
at the distance of one and two hundred milts to the west of
Teheran, and the two last about eighty and one hundred
and twenty miles on the road to Ispahau. The mortality at
Teheran was his than in 1835. Among the victims are
mentioned ?them Abdul ILuisau-Khan, Minister of Foreign
Affairs ; Allah Verdi Bop, Keeper of the Seals; Ismail '
Khan, Ferrash-Bashi. Besides these, we have to mention
with regret the loss of a countryman, Mr. Robert Glynne,
an Attach:• to the British Embassy.
The harmony °fax Porte's relations withG recce has received
some small disturbance from a royal ordinance at Athens,
authori,ing the association:so called, of the Thraco-Bulgaro.
Serrians. This association has a committee for considet ing
the best means of forming a Sclavonian colony in the Hel-
lenic kingdom, and is regarded by the Porte with great jea-
lousy, again institution having for its object the fomentation
of rebellion among its Selavonian subjects. Consequently,
the Turkish Charge d'Affaires, at Athens, has sent in some
strong notes to the Greek Government upon the subject.
Another point of dispute is the contemplated return of some
Ilellenes of Cretan origin to their native country. These
men are wandering paupers, reduced to the greatest distress
' and destitution, whose he:gas of finding some relief in their
native island have been excited by rumours of the Sultan's
benevolent character. The Turkish Goveriment protests,
it would seem, against this deportation of these Greek beg-
gars to the Cretan shore. Fur the rest, letters from Athens
of Aug. 30, represent the government in the last state of
embarrassment. The committee fee inquiring into the
financial department had just presented its report, which
was extremely unfavourable to the management of the fiscal
minister. M. Poniropoulo (which name means in English
"wicked fowl:') will be obliged, it is supposed, in conse-
quence, to resign. There was talk of applying the loan
offered by France to the liquidation of part of the claims of
England and Russia. Ta finish the perplexity of M. Coletti,
his friend, M. Constantine Dolleas, monarch of Achaia, has
resigned his office, out of dkraitisfaction at the meddling
of the Achaian deputies as ith his province of administration,
and assails the governms at under which he has just ceased
to act in no measured terms.

FRANCE.—Tue CONTINENTAL FORGEEIES.—The
two forgers, Theodore Ilerweg, alias Romanzou or Rau-
manzow, and Knapps, have undergone several interroga-
tions before the magistrate+, and several witnesses have also
Igen examined. It appeared that Romaazou scarcely ever
remained in one aeartment more than a quarter of a year,
and was to leave that in the Rue d'Anjou, where he was
taken, in October. He never went out, and was not visited
during the time he stayed there by more than three persons.
The preliminary proceedir.gs are likely to occupy several
months, on account of the evidence which will be required
from several foreign countries. Knapp• is confined in the
prison of the Madelonnettes, and Romanzow in that of St.
Pelagie. The thirty-two notes found upon Romanzow were
for 1001. each, and not for 51., as was at first stated. Both
the prisoners have made a full confession. Roruanzow stated
that, after having so narrowly escaped from arrest on the
6th January, 183'2, when the woman Danelle, snd Pressel,
the native of Wurtemberg, were surprised at Palmy, where he,
Itornan.zow, kad setup a pr_ss, he got over the frontier into
Switzerland, and made his way into Italy, where he lived fur
four months upon a sum of money that he took with him.
Fearing an application for his extradition, he returned to
France, thinking he would be able the more easily to con
teal himself there. His resources were then reduced to two
genaine Bank of England notes for 1001. each, and he con-
ceived fur the first time the idea of imitating them. But the
difficulties be had to cantend with were so great that he was
for two years working assiduously before he could succeed ;
living in the most parsimonious manner upon one of the
notes, being obliged to keep the other as a model. At t e
end of the two years he found that he had produced a perfect
forgery ; but not daring to trust the uttering of his false notes
to any third person, he issued them himself, and in three
days exchanged twenty-six of them for 100/. each at different
money-changers' offices. He then stopped, and travelled till
he saw the effect produced upon the Bank of England. At
the time of his last capture, ROMaIIZOW was engaged, with
the assistance el his accomplice Knapps, in numufacturing
a greater number of notes of the Bank ut England, with the
intent, as he says, of raising 100,000 f., with which he hoped
to get ovsr to America, and there live an honest life.—
Galignani.
Tut; FRENCH RAILWAY KlNG.—Railway kings are
not irresponsible, and the same complaints are heard in
France against King Rothschild as in England against King
Hudson. The travelling on the Great Northern Railway
is very irregular. Last Sunday a train publicly announced
did not start for Enghiea, and on Monday there was a delay
of more than an hour in the first train from Amiens.

SPAIN.—The Clamor Publico states that an expe-
dition similar to that about to start under General Elena
against the republic of Ecuador, is being organised under the
orders of General Cruz, its destination being the kingdom of
Peru. The ambassador Irma Chili has protested against such
an expedition, which will be resisted by force of arms.
ITALY.—RomE, SEPT. s.—Some disturbances have
occurred at Ancona—the people distributed wine amongst
the soldiers. At Jeri the populace pillaged a house where
Gregory X VI. had passed a night ; it is even said that his
bust, was dragged through the streets. The Austrian Am-
bassador is said to have lent in an energetic remonstrance on
the subject, since when different couriers have left for
Vienna.

ATViTZERLAND.—DREADFUL FIRE AND Loss OF
LIFE.—On the night of the 15th Sept. a conflagration
burst out in the hotel of the Crown, at Tavannes, in Switzer-
land, not far from Berne. There werl thirty-three strangers
staying at the hotel. Six of them perished in the flames.
M. Immer, engineer in the chief of the Canton of Thuu, was
on the point of jumping from a window, when the floor tell
in with a loud crash and he perished. Two more persons
have since died from their wounds. Most of the travellers
were Englishmen.
GERMANY.—AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, SEPT. 14.
The marriage of the Infanta of Spain with the Duke of
Montpensier did not cause an agreeatle sensation at Vienna.
The Imposing attitude which France is aiming at in the
south and in the north, makes persons reflect that Louis
Philippe is, perhaps, drawing out aplan which it will be the
task of the regency to carry out. The corps diplomatique is
beginning to assemble. Prince Metternich arrived oa the
14th. Lord Ponsonby was impatiently expected. Count
d'Arnim is returned. The Grand Duke Michael intends
making a lengthened stay. The Gmud Duchess Helen is
expected on the 16th. The funds continued to rise. It was
reported that the Minister of Finance intended placing five
million florins at the disposal of the Bourse.
Paessi.t.—Their Royal Highnesses the Prince
Royal and Prince Gustavus of Sweden have arrived at Ber-
lin. Letters from Berlin speak in a more precise manner of
negotiations for a marriage between the Prince Royal of
Sweden and Princess Louisa Mary of Prussia.
HOLSTEIN.—By letters from Frankfort, of the 18th,
we learn that the Germanic Diet adopted on the previous
day an important resolution on the affair of the Duchy of
Holstein, which produces such a strong agitation throughout
all Germany. It will be remembered that the King of Den-

1

gium
.r.i.„ in many of the
7--------.....
to • tabii*
mark, by letters patent of the bth July, wished
an aheoluto right of succession to the Duchy of be,46,_
in favour of the Crown of Denmark, without, hose a'
declaring himself equ•lly categorically with rtgard St
Duchy of Holstein. It is by the treaty of stock.
holm of the 3rd Juno, 1720, that France and E..,....
guaranfeed to the Crown of Denmark the absolute --'...mlis.,ee.
session of the Duchy of Schleswig. As to the li ~,h_
of Holstria it belongs to the Germanic ConfederatieNTZ
s'Atrohichng hap:legit: ntamit,tatioi. The b.
cannot form an integral part of the Crean a Denrale..
The states of this duchy have addressed a complaint in the
Germanic Confederation against the letters meat a the
ire to calm the public mind, and iniinc,
animated
GormanKing o f Dbn states m• ra
desire
sok
by a sentiment of justice and muderatioa, has neeemd 'thee
rights and the competence of G:rneurr for future &vision
and has wished iu no way to prejudge the question an,:
cession to the Duchy of Holstein. Thus, While kth,
one side the complaint of the States of Holstein, it byi:T.."'
the King of Denmark to understand that it would be
for him to re.pcet their right of petition. The majenity7f
' the States hastemsl to adopt the decision of the Ditt. its
Courts of Baden, Bavaria, Oldenli am, Schwartztaburg, id 6
arc interested in the succession of Holstein, have made no
remonstrance. M. Pechlin, Envoy from 1; clIIIII!!: to tht
1 Diet, confined himself to making some. very measured re,
serves relative to the Duchy of Sehlesw.g. and to the tight,
which the States of Holstein enjoy from their coastiumen
The protocol of this affair still remains ouves, for ill:stem
hal not yet given their adhesion to t'eo. rite:tabu ce the
Diet, but it is thought that their op.urou wit; Le is k.
eordauee with the other states. The resolution of the
1 Diet is as follows :

and
by
no,
int

" His Majesty the ling of Denmark, Duke of lleirea
and Lauenherg, having made known by the dteloratio;
the 7th September, in reply to the petition addressed to the
Diet by the States of Holetein on the 3rd August, that ke
never had entertained an idea of attacking the indepaks,,,
of the Duchy of Holstein, our to arbitrarily modify a ha
its constitution, or the other institutions which the eastas
or the laws of the country hod rendered sacresi ; hisllajm
having, moreover, given the aasuratee that his efforts th
regulate the order of succession of that Duchy had set
its Obila to interfere with the legitimate rights of the As
nate ; in fine, the intention of maintaining intact the tee.
stitutional right of petition of the at tee being manifests
eel reseed by his Majesty, the tipper Diet feels ealelest
that by deciding in a definitive manner on the queiti„s
in the letter patent of the Bth July, his Majesty will
the rights of rill, and particularly those of the confederalist
the legitimate rights of the Agnatco. and theme of file kill
representation of the country. While reserving to ingtai
right, as organ of the confederation, to avail itself in CIO of
need of its constitutional competence, the Diet deck:Hag
it cannot see in the states of Holstein the legal repreientr.
fives of the federal state to that assembly ; their mission shag
be confined to the defence of their constitutional right., ag
that the complaint of those states on the subject of 64
changes made in an illegal manner in their constitution, a
not well founded. On the other hand, the Diet confides
that the order transmitted by his Majesty to the Royal C.
missioner to the states, not to receive any more petitioas es
remonstrances relative to the question of succession, hoot,
when interpreted in an absolute manner, in accoi dance with
the literal meaning of the law of May 28, 1831.-2.11*
Diet is pleased to render justice to the sentimeut• of pe
triutism which on this occasion have manifested themselves
in Germany ; but it, at the same time, &plena the huge
accusations and provocations which have been niece& k
expressed a hope and confidence that the federal gems
meets will apply themselves to put an end to those plait.
ate agitations. Neither does it doubt but that his Meaty
the King of Denmark will hasten to act in the same mama
with the most entire reciprocity.-3. Tho Envoy of Des
mark is invited to make known this resolution to hie Coats
According to the Cubryne Cht:ctle of the loth Set
tember, the following address was publisl ed, and was
receive signatures at the assembly of Norton; to be pee
rented to the states of Schleswig at the coming session: slet,
the undersign,al, inhabitants of the duchies of Scldeswiad
of Holstein, find ourselves obliged, at this moment d
serious interest when the fate of our country is at stake.%
address ourselves with confidence to the Stales of the Dail
of Schleswig, and to declare to them that we wish to remit
in future, as up to the present we have been, faithful tont
privileges, the heir-loom of our ancestors, and whaler
sworn to by the dukes. We expect from the states u
energetic end bold defence of those rights against the crown.
So that no doubts may be entertained of our desires and to
intentions, we have resolved to make them ;moan to the
high assembly of the states through the following declan•
thin. 1. We decline that we are Germans, that we wishes
remain Germans, and that we will maintain even anti
death our nationality pure and intact. 2. We declare that
we will strain all our energies to establish in truth the in-
dependence and ucion of the Duchies of Schleswig and
Holstein, and that they be universally acknowledged. S.
We declare that our union with Denmark, in a
financial, military, and administrative point of view,
is not founded in right, and that we will ender-
s-our to oppose it with unflinching resolution. 4. We
declare that we never will acknowledge that unity of
the Danish monarchy, which consists in rtprestuting the
Duchies as component parts ; and we will only recap:tux
union under one and the tame sovereign as lenges the crown
remains in the mato line of the house of Oldenburg, shish
has alone the legal right of succession in the Da&as. 5.
We plight ourselves to maintain these principles at the pries
of our possessions and of our blood, to bring tip our children is
the same ideas, and to impress upon them the neersAty to do
all that is in their power to attain that end, which a Oar
must sacred duty.
Prince Luitpold, third son of the King of Barsi,
who at first entered the artillery, bat has since relinquished
a military life to devote himself' to the study of the Oriesal
languages, has just lett Munich for Jerusalem, from whew
ho will roceed into Egypt. In this journey, whieli
purely of a scientific character, he is accompanied by In
Counts Cesar and Andre l'allavicini, sons of the Sardinia
minister at Munich.

kn(
side
ing
ha,

The Vienna journals announce the death of the
Dowager Princess of Liechtenstein, mother of the reigning
Princesses of Schwarzenber:g and Lohkowitz.
GALIcIA.—The news from Galicia is contradictory.
Three other emissaries of the l'olish propaganda have, ill
slid, been arrested. Caunt Stadion left Lemberg on tilt
Bth instant for Vienna. The local authorities have received
orders to send in a report of the actual state of the c9l-fees.
PROVISIONS IN GERMA-NY.—The governments of
the diffvrent states of Germany are continuing to talcs miasma
for providing against the scarcity of provisions arising from*
scanty harvest and the high price of corn. The government d
Baden has authorised the importation of foreign corn, and a
analogous decision of the Zollverein allows the free tatranci
of all foreign cora up to the Ist of May, 1817, and prorogue
all anterior ordonnances relative to free entry on corn.

I lOLLA-ND.-TIIE SE M'. 22.—We borrow
the following afflicting details from a letter from Alost, ad-
dressed to the Courtier d' Ana-ers:—" All that has bees
stated of the misery which prevails in the country is brlorr
the truth. Half of the population live in the Iri-h &shim,
that is to say, on potatoes, vinegar, and water ; rye bread s
too dear. As fur pork, which is scarce this year, it is banished
long since from the tablesof the poorer clams. The mort.dil
is ;becoming frightful in several villages, even those w
lately enjoyed a certain degree of prosperity. It exceeds by
fifty per cent. that of the years 1812 and 13:3. The keg
drought bias dried up most of the wells, and being fermi to
drink muddy and unwholesome water instead of beer or alas
our country people have almost all contracted disorders is
the stomach, to which many hundreds have fallen victims.
I have visited a cottage wherc the father, moth-a, grand-
mother, and seven children were ill, lying upon straw,
badly attended, and abandoned by everybody, except a FM
pastor and the physician of a neighbouring commune. The
pastor has nothing to give them but consolation, and as for
the physician, he is overwhelmed with stork, and Wet
quarters of his stock of medicines are absorbed ty his indi-
gent patients. The poor family of which I speak would
be obliged to seep in the open air, if the burgomaster, to
whom the cottage belongs, had not excused them
from paying their rent for the last eighteen months.
There arc above a hundred such instances in all our villages,
the misery is becoming general, the small farmers are
ruined in giving alms; the large farm, near which I live, is
visited every week by six hundred beggars.; each ofithere per-
sons receive a centime, or a potato. The farmer talks of
abandoning his favors, because he cannot bear so heavy I
burthen. In our village, as in many others, the rich in-
habitants subscribe to give work to our unfortunate country-
men ; these burthens are four times heavier than the taxes.
The women, who are employed in spinning in the houses
of the farmers, work from five in the morning till sena is
the evening, for which they receive four centimes and their
food. In some farms they are contented with their food
alone; this may do for them, but what becomes of their
children ?" . _

MAESTRICHT, SEPT. 19.—The water in the Meng
has become so low in consequence of the continued &melts
that steam-boats between this city and Rotterdam base bens
obliged entirely to suspend their voyage; and even the serries
between this city and Liege is attended with great difficult/.
HARDENISURG, SEPT. 17.—The river Vida is so
extremely low at this time that it may be passed dry shod
at several places, a circumstance which never happened here
in the memory of man.
JAVA.—SLAvEnv.--The people in Europe who
entertain so just a horror of slavery as to regard even slam•
grown produce as an abomination not to be tolerated fret
Brazil and Cuba, will be sorry to learn that the products d
Java, so accepted and acceptable ns the achievcmuuts of free
labour, are nevertheless tainted wish the same sort of slats
leprosy. In the Java Courant of May 6, there are no less
than seven advertisements for the sale of slaves, of Alia
five are by public auction, and two by private contract, ls
number altogether 45 men, women, boys, girls. and infante
Voute and taueria are the names f the auctioneers attached
to the various advertisements. The Director of Means mil
Domains advertises, moreover, " that the tax on slaves fm
the current year must be paid before the last of September
ensuing, the same amounting to 2 florins, 65 st. for Mk
slave."