The Express.
London, England, 1851-12-12 00:00:00

GERMANY.

A correspondent writes from Frankfort, Decem-
ber S :—Although M. Mantentfel declared so rcadih•
in the Prussian chamber that he would not mubiliie
the army, the intelligence which has reached me on the
preparations making in the Rhenish provinces is t,•n
positive to admit of any doubt upon that subjeo.
At the same time there is no necessary contradiction
of the ministerial assertion, on the facts which have
come to my knowledge, as assuredly there is a great
difference between placing a single province in a state
of defence and mobilizing all the military forees.if
the state. The frontier garrisons are to be rein-
forced, and several companies of the :filth Infantry,
now at Bruhl and Euskirchen, arc ordered to maeat
to 'freves.
The Prince of Prussia left this city to-day for
Cohtenz.
The Wiirtemberg government has given orders for
the immediate purchase of a considerable number of
horses to remount its cavalry. The chusseur regi-
ments of the Bavarian army arc to be raised at in m
the scale of 100 men per company. The ././e,!! a-
/wry Juurna/, which brings this intelligence, takes
care to add that the order has not been issued on
account of events in France. The troops of the two
Ilesses, Baden and Nassau, are to hold themselves
ready to unite at a moment's notice. Tho,c saidiers
of Baden regiments which received their cos,/ on
the Ist ult., ate recalled; all the battalions of in-
.. ..

fantry are to be raised to 600 men, all the squadrons
to $3.
A remarkable activity is observable in the councils
of the Diet. Every preparation is making to he
ready for possible events, these events being in the
estimation of the wise people here not those aLr.:ll'S-
sions which seem to common understandings of
necessity attached to the restoration of the empire
in France, but the consequences to be apprehended
limn Bonaparte's failure and the triumph of anarchy.
I have just obtained a copy of the circular ad-
dressed by the Austrian cabinet to the various 4o-
verninents of Germany, inviting them to the Cus-
toms conference at Vienna. After the introduc-
tion which has served for so many similar
invitations during these last two years, the writer
states the desire of his government to be, to introduce
and recommend to all the German states a system of
moderatelv-protective customs duties, alike removed
from prohibition and free-trade. The tariff; published
in the Reichsgeset:bbitt, of Nov. 23, will show to all
Germany exactly what the Austrian government in-
tends, and will lay a firm foundation for negotiations
respecting a common agreement. The present mo-
ment seems happily adapted tOr an effort in this di-
rection. The Prussian government has now
raised the whole question, by its endeavours
to extend the Zollverein to Hanover and the

whole Steuerverein. Austria must needs hope that
this endeavour may be sueces4ful, for it h.. 4
in its own interest as well as in the interests of all
the German states that a union which has been pro-
ductive of so great benefits may be not only main-
tainvd but extended as much as possible. In order

to this end the present separatiai of Austria must
cease, and the anxieties respecting a division in Ger-
man commercial policy through the extension of
free-trade principles must be set aside. Austria is
ready to do all in her power to promote the tirst
object ; as to the second, she appeals to the convic-
tion of an overwhelming majority of the confederated
states that the application of free-trade principles it
inapplicable to Germany consistently with its pros-
perity and independence. As for those who have not
yet advanced to this conviction Austria does not
despair of their early conversion to her views. The
writer goes on to state that his government is
anxious that these matters shall be discussed at
Vienna before the meeting of the representatives of
Zollverein states, and concludes with inviting the
several governments accordingly.
The committee of the Band appointed to ex
amine the claims of the noble class in Germany to
their ancient privileges, have declared that all the
privileges mentioned in the 14th article of the Builds
Act arc to continue valid; and the Diet has sanc-
tioned this decision by a decree to that effect. As the
privileges of the nobility have been, since the revolu-
tion, in many states much abridged, this decree may
occasion further interference on the part of the Bond
in the internal affairs of the separate states. liven
Prussia is exposed to intermeddling on this
I question.
The Prussian Military Jiiurnal has an article on
Louis Bonaparte's usurpation, which, as giving the
opinion of soldiers upon military revolutions, may ho
Interesting to your readers. The writer says:
What has happened and what is yet to happen is not the
end but the beginning of an unknown something, perhaps
great enough to shake the world. An army that feels its
power, and suddenly sees the proof of it before it, will usa
and apply it; and as barricades will no longer give it much
to do, the regiments will become parlimuentary vow
where will be discussed what further is to be done. Vie
" intelligence of the bayonets "—a puppet which hie bees
played with from the tribune—has been embodied, is pre.
sent, has been employed, and its all-crushing activity has
been recognised. It is a gloomy prelude, even though a
momentary advantage should spring from it. If the k roma
army withstands this temptation, the most fatal of all. it
will be truly worthy of all admiration. We admit that
our heart beats when we reflect on all the possible con
sequences. A legitimacy defended by an army is won-
derfully strong; a legitimacy created by the army has no
future.

BERLIN, Die. 10.

Dr. Hock (the Preusßische Zei)ung says) has been
summoned to Vienna to draw up the propositions to
be laid before the Zell Congress, to be assembled en
the 2nd of Jan. Prussia has declined the invitation
to be there; but Bavaria, Saxony, Wurtemburg, and
the two Messes have promised to attend. Prince
Lobkowitz, it also says, has brought communications
from Hanover to Vienna, which gives Austria good
hopes that her proposals will be well received by the
Hanoverian government; it is also added that
Baden, Wittemburg, and the two 'leases have pledgtd
themselves to withdraw from the Zollverein in the
event of the Austrian scheme being rejected.
A customs and commercial convention between
Holland and the Zollverein is definitively concluded.
Prussia has carried on the negociations which has ltd
to this result. Equal advantages, it is said, IT,
guaranteed to both parties. Tile treaty itself will
be shortly published.
It is now certainly known that the government
intends to put a duty upon newspapers to the amount
of two dollars. In consequence of this new tax, and
enlarging its form, the Krell!: Zeitung has already
raised its price more than a dollar a quarter.
VIENNA, Drc. 3.
It was said of Prince Schwarzcnberg when he
first accepted office, " Crest dommagc que le Pruire
Seliwarzenberg ait tres pen appris, et tousSCS atto:
&dens portent a croirc q'uil nc saura iamats Tanta
lc pouvoir : d'ailleurs c'est un hojume de Mem,
'though the remark in question came fruits lis.indi!
lips, let us hope that the judgment is not too ht".ur,
able, and that he really does not mean evil in att
the extraordinary freaks that arc daily perforeit'd.
art atT
here. If, however, he wished to play the p
buted to Somers and Machiavelli, that of perl")"_,Yr
countenancing bad government, in order the sou"'

bring on a revolution, he could seareel go to work
in it manner mote likely to succeed. The following
facts can, perhaps, hardly be equalled in the annals
of tyrannythousand families have been ban.
a:il from their trades, and friends, and homes in
different parts of Austria, and compelled to return to
their birth-place under tile surveillance of the

PORTUGAL.
Our correspondent writes :
LISBON, DEC. 7.
The government has adopted a bold st..p to get rid of a
considerable and embarrassing floating debt. The ex-
eention of this measure involves so many interests, that
1 forward the decree entire, so that those who are interested
in Portuguese finances may form an unbiassi...l opinion.
This !loath-or debt coiisists of unpaid dividends, and pay and
ailossances due to the servants of the State, which is pro
posed to be capitalised in the following rammer :
Decree, &e.—Art. 1 sad sec. 1. The interest of the con-
solidated internal and external debt belonging to the second
half-year of MO, and the first and second half-years ..f
18.31, exclusive of their deductions, shall be paid at the rate
of 100 fur 100, by inscriptions and bonds baring 4 per cent.
interest from July 1, 18i2, thenceforward subject to the de-
ductions established by law.
Sec. 2. Also the interest of the said debt for the first half
year of 1832, with similar deductions.
3. The amount consigned for the payment of the interest
to the Hank of Portugal in the first half-ye aof 1352, fur the
loan of 1,000 cantos.

po lice.
All foreign newspapers have been forbidden in
Hungary, till government has decided which arc to
aa mined fur the futnee.
passports of ally kind, or on any pretence, aro
granted to travellers for Hungary, which, it is thus
I,ope mar iu time become as unknown to the rest'
of Eurd, ope as China or Japan.
Some time ago an order was published forbidding .
any newspaper to refer to the movements of any of
the imperial family without authority. Hitherto, as
tb v did not pattieularly interest anybody, the un-
lucky journalists have contrived to escape pretty
well; but a few days since the editor of the i`iiihlicr
was brought up before the military governor I
of Wotan, Baron Kempfer, and by him solemnly
reprimanded for having "dared to publish an article
ton eulogistic respecting the emperor's journey to
Galicia. The imperial family, observed the baron,
with singular ferret-,, do not require the praise of
newspaper writers.
The English minister, Lord Westmoreland, has
not Yet been received by the Emperor, although his
klajestc is having public receptions twice a week.
This is understood to be a slight offered him to re-
yenge the reception of Kossuth in England, an net
of svinvathy with liberal principles fur which we
shall never be forgiven by the cabinet of Vienna,—l
say the cabinet of Vienna:because the people of .lus-
trio were extremely pleased at it.
Notwitluitanding all the promises that were made
in the imperial reseripts of the 20th of August,
which revoked the constitution of the 4th of March,
1109, nothing is heard of the new charter which
was to he given of the Emperor's own free will to
replace it. It is, and has for some time past been
rumoured that differences., respecting the organiza-
tion the different provinces, have arisen between
Baran Kubeek, president of the Ittielisrath, and the
premi.r. It is added that l'rince Schwarzenberg
even took the liberal side in the discussions on the
subject. But all this is old news ; and for the last
two months not a syllable has appeared upon the
subject. either in the government or opposition
: so that, perhaps, the constitutional question
is 'minded to die gradually away. Should their
hope- be justified, it will have some day a terrib'e
resurrection.
The news from the provinces grow more and more
discouraging. The Archduke Albert, unable to calm
the excitement of nien.s minds in Hungary, has re-
turned to Vienna, in alarm, for fresh instructions.
In hale an organised system of terrorism has eom-
nu neea. which might lie compared with the White-
boy days in Ireland, and the Austrian officials re-
ceive daily threats of assassination, contained in
anoticlllqU4 letters mysteriously delivered. Jella-
ehieli. the Ban of Croatia, is at open difference with
the government respecting the administration of
that province. Prince Windischgriitz has refused to
accept the Stattlialtership of Bohemia, from despair
of Is nig able to govern the country on the centra-
lisation principle of Prince Schwarzeuberg. Even
in Sty ria and the Tyrol, the loyalty of the most con-
aervatice population in Europe has been shaken ; and
the nice tariff has been received with so much dis-
taste in Austria )'roper, that at this moment it is as
touch disafficted us any other quarter of the empire,
if nut moire so.

Art. 2. the same wty *ball be paid, own* the same
term., by iniienption of 4 per cent., he unpaid allowances
of the active and intetive classes, of the rierraita of the stew,
poterior to June, 1848, to lit of July, 1311 ; as well as the
debt tOr the supplies to tie army of operation. in 1816 and
1817, except that portion which is ariussacd as belonging to
tho revenue.

Art. 3. The trews of the navy who are nail by tituire
loomed by the navy pay' office, bhAll in hke wanner be riid
by in%cti',tiong of 4 per etnt. at the rate of 5:1
iuecriy-
tion• for 100 repreaciatta in
tittles.. . . . .

Art. 4. The raihmattees of the active and inactive classes
of cousidcration atoll lu suliket, during the first half-year
of 1852, to the further deduction of 5 per cent., I.yood
those which aro already cstaldislied by law.
Art. 5. During the first half-yen of 182, the amortisa-
tion of the notes of the B. at Lisbon shall be reduced to

18 mato., of eels monthly on the part of the treasury.
Art. 6. 'Phis consignation shall be drawn irons the pro.
duce of the impost estahlished by the law of 13:h July, 1848,
end 20th April, 1310, and punctually paid ova r to the Junta
do Crislib) Public. by the Custom Douse of Lisbon.
Art. 7. Front the 1-t of January, 1312. shall be applied
to the redemption of the anticipations which preos upon the
public receipts awl thy payment of the demands upon the
Treasury.
1. The receipts which were destined fur the payment of
what the SCCUIIII ant third sections of the first article
relate to.
2. The sum destined fir the amortisation of tie loan of
4,050 eOIItIYS in tkc first Will-year of 1352.
3. 11411 the auto destined for the amortisation of the ex-
ternal debt in the cuer.nt civil year.
4. half the sum applicable in the said civil half-year to
the payment of the expenses of the commis-fen and broker-
age in charge of the Junta do Credit() Publico.
A. The produce of the import for the amortisation of the
notes of the Bank of I.i.hea, in the hirct half-year of 1352 ;
deducting therefrom the 18 comas monthly, which, in con-
formity to Art. A, the amortisation of the notes is re-
duced to on the part of the Treasury.
G. The produce of the A per cent. upon the pay awl allow-
ances of the active and inactive claim.* of consideration esta-
ialiihed by Art. 4.
Art. S. 'the government will include in the eatitmttts of
1312-55, the own necessary for the interact which will bc•
come clue iu the same year upon the bonds and inscriptions,
which must be emitted to elfcet the payments mentioned in
the Ist, 2nd, and 3rd articles.
Art. 9. The Junta do Credit." Puldieo is authorised to
ere de and emit the inscriptions and bowls zerroyonding to
the payments referred to.
Art. 10. Every law and disposition to the cor.trary is
' hereby revoked.
Palace of Necessidadoe, the 3rd of December, 1311.
Signed Icy the Queen 141111 all the minister.
publication of tidy document took the public by cur-
• prim•, and no one ventured to give en immediate opinion
upon it. A mei tin.t of the stockholders was convened for
. to•day, but the particulars of their proceedings have not
i transpired.

The IN rphstampls &dam) (Frankfort), under date
Vienna. Ikcember 3, touching upon a subject alluded
to in yesterday's Express, says:

Whin Lord Westmoreland arrived in Vienna, it was
Eger ,Sly suppieed that the differences between Austria
and England, which had assumed, especially towards the
middle oldie resent year, a somewhat threatening charac-
ter, were at length arranged. But, to judge from appear-
ance., this is not the CAW S no one look. upon his departure
as improbable, while it is certain that he has not yet pre-
test, if his credential letters, although the day for hi. doing
so had been tiatil. The Emperor intimated to Lord West-
moreland, through Prince tieliwarzenberg that he could not
"mire him until he should have had a satisfactory answer
to a note dispatched from Vicuna to London the day be-
fore y. derday, in which note i 4 demanded in severe terms
what .ivnitivation is to he attached to the answer given by
lard Patinenton to the deputation from Islington, when the
hitter espressos iteell in such mibeemnieg terms with reLard
to the monarchs of Austria and Russia. Russia has • e
wise an energetic note to London un the same
subject. No diplomatic relation will be held with the am-
hawatlnr of Cheat Britain until the arrival of this answer,
Lard tl'ts.tmorland being unable, until such arrival, to ob-
tain an audience in order to present his letters of credence.

lIAM)VEIt.
M. StOve has been elected Deputy of the Second
Ctuunbce by the constituency of Minden.

THE GRAIN CROPS IN PRUSSIA.

Our Berlin correspondent, writing on the 9th,
save:
The very gloomy accounts which have been pub-
lished ir. several Prussian journals respecting the
quantity and quality of the various grain crops, the
produce of the past harvest, has induced the Prus-
sian government to publish in the official Gazette a
statement drawn up from the best sources of the
quantity and quality of the grain grown in each
province of the kingdom. This document is calcu-
lated to some extent to lessen the unpleasant appre-
hension that a scarcity of food might be expected in
the caurse of a very few months. The falling off of
the harvest of the present year in Germany, com-
pered with other years, has been exaggerated, at
least with respect to Prussia.
From the reports which have been received in the
Ministry of Agriculture, from 214 agricultural
unions, it appears that the produce of wheat shows
a falling otl of N per cent.; of barley of 12 per cent.;
and of oats about 10 per cent., on the general ave-
rage. ltye, however, which it must be remembered
is the chief article of food throughout Germany,
shows a more considerable falling off, viz. full 21 per
cent. These facts are undoubtedly grave; but the
harvest of the former year was so plentiful, that
the diminution in the present cannot possibly pro-
duct. the very serious results which have been
predicted. 'That it will not, however, leave the
price of food entirely untouched, is shown in the
present rising tendency of the markets in Prussia,
as well as other parts of Germany. The document
published by the government states that there has
not been so poor a grain harvest since 1516, when
the produce of wheat in Prussia was seventeen per
cent. less than the accounts for the present year
show it to be.
The report respecting potatoes is very lamentable. I
The crop has failed more thoroughly even than in 1
1846. In that year fi3 per cent. of the average
quantity was produced ; this year the produce has
fallen to 46 per cent., or less than. half.
test and East I'russia, Posen, Branden- ;
pg and Westphalia, are the provinces which have
roduced the greatest amount of wheat. In Posen
and Silesia the crops have fully equalled the average
weight in quantity and quality. The province of
Saxony has produced the least. The rye harvest
displays about the same proportions in the same
provinces. The agricultural minister of Prussia lays
great stress upon the unusually prolific crops of peas,
which have exceeded the usual average by full 22,
per cent.
Owing to the early frosts, the prevalence of wet
weather and other causes, the ha/al:Ile/rem crops
for fodder hare been extensively in quality
throughout the whole kingdom ; t eir quantity
nevertheless is very great.
In concluding this report the ministry for agricul-
tural affairs remark that the result of the harvest of
the present year cannot be considered satisfactory ;
but the opinion is authoritatively enforced that the
grounds for the apprehensions which have been en-
tertained are not so serious as they have been made
to appear. 'The supply of rye is regarded as quite
sufficient for the demand of the forthcoming year,
and any deficiency in the wheat and barley harvest
will. according to this report, be fully covered by the
surplus of the rich harresta al 11149 and 15.;0.

IONIIINSION OF Lex.►cr.—On Tlllllllll7llll
was opined at the Plough Hotel, Cheltssaismi rl
tmpstico Inguireficiu, to ascertain the Mats of mint of
i. G. Bravest, Esq., who is well known in Cheltenham as a
Rentleasan of independent property, and a magistrate actin
for this district. The inquiry was opened before Francis
ba!:os tiny., one of the Commissioners of Lunacy, the
writ bsing issued old by the friends of the unfortunate
gentlentin. After a protracted investigation the jury re-
turned the following verdict: " That John Griffiths Beavan
Lof un.ound mind, and has been so from the Ist day of
Jam.,

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 12, 1851.

A curious specimen of disputed jurisdiction took
place the other day at Loreto, where the ordinary
papal tribunal had condemned a man to the galleys
for twenty years for having wounded another man in
a fray. Sentence had been regularly passed, and the •
prisoner was in jail, preparatory to being sent off to
sonic of the arsenals, when a company of Austrian
soldiers presented themselves in the town, and
inquired for the residence of the President of the
Tribunal. That functionary, somewhat alai nwd,
made his appearance, anti was informed that
according to the tenor of the temp statataria indivi-
duals secreting arms and making use of them
were amenable to martial-law, and that there-
fore the papal authorities had erred in taking
upon themselves the responsibility of the prisoner's
trial. The officer concluded by requesting that the
man should be immediately given up to hum This
the president declined, on the ground that the pro-
ceedings were over, the affair hail become a re
.jordi-
earn. and the prisoner had commenced his term of
penalty. But the officer showed his soldiers as his
only argument—it was an irresistible one: the cul-
prit was given up, the Austrians held a court-
martial on hint without delay, and he was shot as
soon after as possible, on the piazza before the asto-
nished president's residence. In the provinces one
may well exclaim, "Under which king, Ilezonian ?
speak or die:" fur there is a great confusion of autho-
rity just now. All parties concur, however, in dimi-
nishing the number of his Holiness' lieges, whether
by beheading, shooting, or exile.

Vie Court.

OSBORNE. TIIVRADAY.

The Duchess of Kent took leave of her Majesty
yesterday morning, and left o.borue nt 10 o'clock, attended
by Lady Anna Maria Dawson and Sir George Cooper, to
embark in the rayal yacht Fairy fur Sandia:lllooa. There
was no addition to the royal dinner party.

NAPLES. DEC. 4.
The trials for the 15th of Mn', as they are called,
are again put off, the Accuser-General not being p.m-
pared. The prisoners seem determined to make it a
long trial, as they have asked for nearly 2,004) wit-
nesses, many of whom are in London, Paris, Turin,
and Switzerland. On the other hand, the govern-
ment is anxious to play a better drains thou that in
which l'ocrio figured, and the difficulties are great
—one of the principal being the tact that no more
than 46 nee accused, whilst some 600 were taken
with arms in their hands on the 15th of May, 181 s.
Why have they not been all brought to trial is the
general question. '•You see the King is not fond of
revenge," say the court party, whilst the constitu•
tionahsts reply, " Hut his Majesty should be fink of
justice.' Theta there is the royal amnesty published
atter the fight—that is another difficulty. So dou d
the government would be glad to get out of it, and
might do so, hut for the determination of the King to
continue that reactionary policy, which is not only
Neapolitan but European.
I have heard amain of the state of Poerio and his

SIT JIMICA Brooke had on interview with Earl Grey yes-
terday at the Colonial-office.
Secret:try Sir George Grey, accompanied by 'ebb,
left town yesterday to itetpeet thu New Convict Prison at
Dartmoor.

_ .....
Lord and Lady John Rowell It ft Pembroke T....1.ze, Rich-
mond-park, vevterday afternoon on visit to the Duke and
Duchess of Bedford at Woburn Abhoy, llilfortlaiire.
Mr. Currie, M.P., had an interview rudertlay with Earl
Grey. Mr. Sevactur Tryon...lncr.. had also un interview
with his 'ordaiup at the Colonial-office.

companions. The former still remains in the infir-
mary; his health has not improved, liar have the
chains been removed. It appears, however, that he
is allowed more comforts. No one here entertains
the least hope of his release, because there is no hope
of a change of government. If 1802 passes off
quietly, the whole of Italy will remain in the same
state; indeed the government here, if anything,
must increase the police force and spy army ; the
people will only be kept quiet as long as they arc
surrounded by bayonets.
Letters from Sicily speak of more political arrests,
amongst whom arc t7astantini, Nicolesi, Favaro, and
Baron S. Guseppe. Some exaggerated news from
France, it appears, had again induced the Sicilians
to speak out their discontent, which, being reported
by the shirri, caused several persons to he thrown
into prison. Such trifles clearly indicate the fears of
the government on the one humid, and the inquietude
of the people on the other.
A portion of the Sicilau claims has already been
paid at Palermo, and in a few days the larger sums I
will be handed over to the Briti;ll embassy for dis-
tribution. Piedmont has now come forward, and a
commission is formed to investigate the claims of
Sardinian subjects, which are under LOW/.