The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-16 00:00:00

many details and altitudes throughout the country.
The triangulation of Ireland may vie is point of accu-
racy with say that has been executed in any country.
Outline maps, on the wale of six inches to a mile, on
which the legal boundaries of town lauds, baronies,
counties, and parishes, have been laid down, are com-
pleted fur tho whole of Ireland, for the use of
the parties above enumerated; and a general map on
the scale of an inch to a mile, with the hills shaded
in, is to be prepared by reduction for general
use. Already the materials are prepared from which
accurate maps of Ireland may be constructed for the
purposes of men of science and men of business, of
landsmen and seamen. Already the outline maps
furnish all public boards in that country with what is
indispensable. And in the course of a few years a
map as perfect as human ingenuity in the present
state of science and mechanical appliances can make
it, will be accessible to all who take an interest in
Ireland.
The satisfactory results of the Irish survey natu-
rally produced applications from the yet =surveyed
(the northern) counties of England to have their sur-
vey delineated on the same scale. The great works
now in progress in these counties rendered the appli-
cation irresistible. It required, however, mach argu-
ment and influence to persuade government that this
portion of England (about a fifth of the whole)
ought to be laid down likewise on a scale of
one inch to the mile, so that a map of the
whole of England on that scale may be: attainable.
Scotland is to be laid down on the scale of , six inches
to the mile ; but there is reason to fear that the gene-
ral map will be done in the scale of one-third of an
inch to tke mile. This is far too small to secure the
purposes for which a general map is required. The
result of the national survey begun at hap-hazard,
without any definite and comprehensive plan or object,
is not likely to be satisfactory. The Irish and Scotch
surveys, and the survey of the Northern English
counties, are as accurate as the actual state of human
knowledge can make them. But the originally blun-
dered and subsequently patched surveys of South
Britain, are anything but trustworthy. Again, the
six-inch outline maps of Ireland, Scotland, and the
North of England, are calculated to serve all poli-
tical, military, or naval purposes. The southern
counties of England and the whole of Wales are de-
nied these valuable documents. Yet again, England
and (perhaps) Ireland are to have general maps, on
the scale of an inch to the mile, available for many
purposes of public utility ; while Scotland is only to
have one, of a third of an inch to the mile, which
cannot be turned to the same account.

There is much truth in the concluding paragraph of
the committee's report : "In so great and so valuable
a work as a national survey,there should have been more
attention paid to uniformity of result ; there should
have been a fuller consideration of all the purposes to
which the maps of such a survey would be applicable;
a definite plan should have been decided on, and no
deviation from such a plan should have been allowed
without the sanction of Parliament." Equally just
are the remarks of Colonel COLBY : "The cost of a
national survey carried over an extensive country is
unavoidably large, and in commencing such a work
two views presented themselves for consideration;
the one a partial diminution of the present cost,Thy
aiming only at an ephemeral work to answer a
temporary purpose ; the other, an increase of present
cost to execute a work fitted for more numerous pur-
poses, and more permanent utility. The Ordnance
Survey of part of South Britain may serve as an
example of the first kind; the Ordnance Survey of
Ireland as an example of the second kind. If every
object which is noticed in the course of a survey, has
its position determined and laid down with proper
correctness, any additional objects may at a future
time be determined with reference to the objects
already marked, and added to the work without cost
or labour of repeating former work. But if original
work has been inaccurate, the cost and labour of re-
petition is inevitable, when additional roads, build-
ings, and other details are to be inserted on the
map."
Government do not yet seem fully aware that
the most economical, as well ay the most effi-
cient way of executing a national survey is,
to undertake it on a great scale, and carry it
through in the shortest possible time. We fear they
still cling to the penny-wise notion of saving a
little money at the first; the sure way to incur
greater expenditure in the long ran ; and of distri-
buting the work over such a number of years that,
when completed, part of it must immediately be
begun again, in order to establish the requisite uni-
formity among the parts. It is tho story of
all British expenditure for scientific purposes.
Grants are long timidly withheld ; then made with
spasmodic liberality; and then the benefit of the
expenditure is lost through a fit of returning miser-
liness, which prevents what has been done from
being properly completed. Half the use of DEN-
HAM'S and CLAPPEBTON'd African expedition was
neutralised, from the slovenly and pinching manner in
which the publication was act about. No advantage
has yet been derived from the admirable observations
made in the course of the Euphrates expedition, be-
cause, to save a few thousand pounds, their publica-
tion was left to the enterprise of an individual who
has not completed and never may complete his work.

The letters of our Paris correspondent of Wednes-
day, with the French and other foreign papers, have
arrived by our ordinary express.
The attention of the French public, of which the
Paris press may be fairly taken as the exponent, is
now divided between three subjects—the Spanish
marriages, the Genevese revolution, and the incipient
free-trade agitation. With respect to the first, the
great mass of the public feel that then terests of the
nation have been sacrificed to the aggrandisement of
the Orleans family and the cupidity of Louis-Philippe.
France has lost a friend and ally, but Louis-Philippe
has gained for his family an enormous dower, and
the contingent reversion of a throne. Those who
esteemed the entente cordiale at the lowest rate, and
who are least apprehensive of ill consequences from
the marriage, think, nevertheless, that the latter is a
miserable equivalent for the surrender of the former.
The Genevese revolution is viewed with undissem-
bled vexation by the organs of the court and the minis-
try, and with the liveliest satisfaction and mutual con-
gratulation by every section of the opposition, the
church party alone excepted. This subject has, in a
great measure, occupied the space hitherto filled by
the polemics of the marriage question in the Parts
journals. A disposition to intervene against the
Radical party is imputed to Government, which,
however, some think will be repressed by the fear of
a manifestation of public opinion.
The Free-trade agitation is tolerated by the
Government. Indeed, we may say, it is more than
tolerated. It is countenanced. The more especial
' organs of the Ministry devote their leading columns,
' from time to time, to articles developing those general
principles of national economy on which the doctrine
ns established, and in a measured and moderate spirit
advocating it.
The Debate continues its picturesque and dramatic
itinerary of the progress of the French princes
through Spain and at the capital. On Wednesday it
carried its narrative down to the Bth, inclusive.
The Siecle takes up the cause of Lord Palmerston
against the attacks upon him in the ministerial and
court journals.
" Ifthum attacks," mays thatjournal, agaiast Lord Pal-
merston, as the natural supporter of revolution throughout
the world, were well founded, we should look on them as a
claim to respect for the leader of the Whigs, and we should
regret still more than we do, that instead of embroiling our-
selves with that Cabinet, for the sake of an affair purely
dynastic, we had not sought means to establish in concert
with him a durable union of the two nations in some great
enterprise conducive to the liberty of nations. It is only in
fact to defend the weak, to support ithe right in the
progres-
sive development of liberty throughout the wordt.hai
Frans* and England can honourably combine, and we mast
add that, if such ea alliance be possible at all, it is with the
Whiffs we must look ter it, and not, as the ministerial jour-
nals sem with the Tories, whose sentiments and traditions
meant them beedsittly with absolute governments. Oa dm
easssioa of every difference with England, we hear allusion
nada to an alliance with Russia. But this alliance is Tat
Aid to us, sad it it were, it would be on conditions revolt-

bsg mid inspioue—the abandonment et the Poles, the Italians.
and other oppressed people not to mention ; sooner or later,
Coastantinople. It is the earnest desire of France to esta-
blish a serious and sincere union with Great Britain, not
founded on an interchange of personal civilities between
their sovereigns, bat upon the real interests of the
people, and the common principles of their institutions. This
union, which has for ten years existed in appearance, is
now altogether broken, and broken by the very men who
Dave advocated peace at any price, for mere family interest,
and, if we must speak out, tor the sake of a dower. This
is a grave responsibility for those who have so often and so
loudly proclaimed that the entente cordiale was an anchor
of safety to be preserved at any sacrifice.
The executive council of Zurich has ordered
M. M. Fillier and Menzinger, as federal representatives
of Western Switzerland, to repair to Geneva, in case
their presence should be required there. The council
of state has also been required to deliberate provi-
sionally what cantons should supply troops in case
of need.
The Epoque gives a synopsis of the events which
have, as it maintains, led to the present state of
affairs in Switzerland, commencing with the expul-
sion of the Jesuits from the mixed cantons, and their
reception by Lucerne, in which, of course, all the
blame is cast upon the Protestant and Radical party,
who are accused of the most inconsistent intolerance,
and with a desire to revive measures like the Edict of
Nantes against the Catholics of Lucerne.
The anstitulionnel takes the contrary side, and
contends that the spirit of the parties may be inferred
from the character of their foreign supporters. The
absolute court of the North will intervene, if they can,
against the new state of affairs in Geneva, and they
will have with them the sympathies of the Guizot
Cabinet. It is contended on all hands that this
ministry was identified with the fallen authorities
of Geneva.
The sentiments with which the Legitimists regard
the Genevese revolution in reference to the Guizot
cabinet may be collected from the following observa-
tions of La France :
" The Doctrinaires are in consternation at the Genevese
revolution. There is no sort of flowers that the Journal des
LhOuts, the official organ of M. Guizot, does not throw on
the tomb of its vanquished friends. Nevertheless, having
paid this debt of friendship, it hastens to cast a languishing
look at Austria. It is sensible that intervention is imminent.
' We cannot conceal from ourselves,' cries the Dibats, 'that
there is nothing encouraging in the situation of Switzerland.'
This cry of distress, addressed directly to M. Metteniich, in-
dicates plainly enough the past that NI Guizot desires to
play in the pacification of Switzerland, if he will be showed.
Meanwhile we ere informed, on good authority, that the
Minister of Foreign Affairs has not received any communi-
cation from that quarter, Everything indicates that with
the help of England the Cabinet of the Tuileries will be put
aside in this serious Helvetic question."
According to the Courtier Francais, several
French regiments have been ordered to march to-
wards the Swiss frontier. They are to assemble at
Gex.
M. Bethmont, late deputy for one of the arron-
dissements of Paris, who lost his seat at the late
general election, has been elected at La Rochelle, in the
room of M. Paillet, who, having been returned for two
boroughs, has made choice of Chateau-Thierry. M.
Bethmont is of the Paris bar, and a member of the
opposition.
rho Count de Rossi arrived in Paris on the 11th,
and on the 12th had an audience of the King. It is
now asserted that he will return to Rome without
delay to resume his diplomatic functions.
Incendiary tires continue in France. They have
lately more particularly spread over the depahment
of the Aube.
Contracts to tha amount of nearly 1,250,000/. have
just been made at Cherbourg, Brest, L'Orient, Toulon,
and Rochefort for large quantities of timber to be
supplied for ,the French navy during the next five
years.
The opening of the railway between Rouen and
Havre will, it appears, take place early in November;
but for some time, and until the solidity of the con-
struction is beyond doubt, the trains will convey
goods only.
The Journal des Delbalt has the following remarks
on the revolution at Geneva:—
" The wise and patriotic government which, during late
yearn, had made the canton of Geneva the preserver of the
liberties and of the peace of Switzerland, is at present over-
thrown. It has fallen after a defence worthy of its come,
and worthy of a better fate. Radical insults pursue it in its
i fall, and it s not at such a moment that we would conceal
the sentiments of gratitude with which every friend of order
is inspired by the courageous efforts to prevent a collision, at
present imminent. If a general civil war did not break out
last year in Switzerland, it is to the firm and impartial
attitude assumed by Geneva that we are indebted; and if
this war appears at present inevitable, it is because the
defence opposed by the government of Geneva to the over-
flow of radicalism no longer exists. In order to appreciate
correctly the causes of the late revolution, and the conse-
quences which they may produce, it is necessary that we
should repeat some facts. Every one knows that the pretext
invoked by the Radical party is the concordat, or treaty of
mutual alliance, concluded latterly between the seven
Catholic cantons of Lucern, Uri, Schwetz, Underwalden,
Zug, }'riburg, and Valais, and which, it is pretended, is
contrary to the federal pact. But the circumstances under
which this concordat was concluded require to be explained.
If it be true, which is dill doubtful, that this league of
several single states—that this federation within a federation
—is contrary to the letter of the federal pact, it is, however,
an infraction of which the Radical cantons first gave the
example. We are well aware that one illegal act cannot
justify another, but we wish to demonstrate how unfairly
the revolutionary party repreaches the Conservative party
with an alliance of which it gave the first example at
another period for the purpose of disturbing the peace of the
confederation. We regret sincerely the fall of the govern-
ment of Geneva. It observed, during most difficult circum-
stances, the most dignified line of conduct. The moderate
policy of Geneva has been vanquished in the streets, and we
shall see the result. It is not expected that the Catholic
cantons will dissolve their alliance in the face of danger.
Their union will be but the more strict and indissoluble. In
two months Berne, where the free corps lately triumphed,
will become the directing canton; and the revolutionary
party will uo doubt be reinforced by the representative of
the new government of Geneva. This is the position in
which Switzerland is at present placed, and we cannot dis-
guise the fact that it is anything but reassuring."

A letter from Madrid, which reached Paris by ex-
press on the 14th, states that Mr. LBulwer had returned
Ito the capital on the 9th. It was believed (we quote
letters of the 9th) that the title of " Majesty " would
be conferred on the Prince Consort of Queen Isabella,
by Royal decree. On the previous evening. her Ma-
jesty, their Royal Highnesses the French Princes, the
family of the Infant I)on Francisco de Paulo, the
Ministers, and the French Ambassador, signed the
contracts of marriage. The witnesses were, on the
part of Spain, the Dukes of Bailen, Rianzares, Castro-
Torrcno and Valencia (Narvaez) ' • and on the part of
France, H.R.H. the Due d'Aumale, Baron Athalin,
Count Bresson, and Colonel Thierry. It is said that
the Countess of Bridieux will be attached to the
household of the Infanta.
El Clamor Publiro announces the arrival of Mr.
Richard Cobden in Madrid,
El Espanol and Eco del Comercio were both seized
again on the Bth.
The Madrid Gazette publishes a royal decree
approving of the bill for a levy of 25,000 men for the
army, and also a decree prolonging the vacation of
the public schools in honour of the royal marriages.

FRANCE.—PARIS, Ocr. 14.—M. de Salvandy,
Minister of Public Instruction, has brought his trophies
from Algeria, sad presented to the Bibliotheque Royale a
manuscript of the Koran, taken at the capture of the
Smala, on the 16th of May, 1813, in the tent of the Emir
Abd-el-Rader. This manuscript, which the Emir used Con-
stantly for his prayers, was presented to M. de Salvandy by
the Abbe Rendel.
DESTRUCTION OP THE DOCKS AT HONFLEUR.—
Part of the new docks at Honfleur has just fallen in ; more
than 100 metres of the quay have given way and fallen in in
a single piece. The water in the basin, which is three metres
in depth, renders it impossible to be ascertained if the founda-
tions are touched, or if it is only the upper masonry which
has given way. Three hundred metres of masonry will have
to be entirely rebuilt.
THE EXPEDITION OF GENERAL FLOREZ.—Tho
J 011117141 des Debate has published a document, addressed to
the editor of that journal, of whisk we give the follow-
ing extract: "Honoured by the friendship of General
rem, and well aware of his plans, I was surprised at read-
-4 a most unexact account in your journal of the expedi-
tion he is now preparing. Des rous of rectifying the errors
it contains, my best plan is to eddies you, persuaded that
you will appreciate the delicate motives that occasion such
a step. General Flores, famed by his talents and learning,
as well as by his practical knowledge, is, believe me, inca-
pable of provoking an unjust war, or aiming at rights duly
obtained. He has not, nor ever had, the intention of nom-
ino the Isthmus of Panama. Neither did he seek the Pero
mission of the government of New Grenada, and, in mime-
quenoe, the Spanish government could not have ghat Ulf -
port to a plan which never existed. The engineers who are
occupied with the projected plan of cutting through the
Isthmus can, therefore, continue the o?erations without fear
of being disturbed by General Flores.'
VINTAGE IN FRANCE. —All the accounts from'
Bordeaux, Dezier, Rlaye, and other places in the south
of France, speak in the highest terms of the results of the
vintage of the present year, now nearly completed. In some
districts the quantity had fallen short, but the quality is
everywhere reported excellent. The greatly esteemed "wine
harvests of 1844, 1841, 1834, 1826, 1811, the !limo= wines
of the comet, would' be, it is renantked from Busy., mall