The Express.
London, England, 1849-04-06 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 6, 1849.

ma of the bast wades. ever mode is pestiam_eat. (Rear.) I
Mr. Hoskreek has demsailiti that the lead et Land should
be stingepid for the meistranese of the poor sad ;the
repayiemaif the Issas of Eagdmill i sad that if these were
net lams Ind thesil lassip. sad site transfer ideated
be. ea a ileadjafeympieertry. He charged tie
beadles* 1 ia whim
of Parliament had leps-
l'olderigi the gait =of thelr country's mime.
ing.lll
sot ha Mr. lleelonsk bed bee.
04.pamigefli...."'Ituatt b
fatead It:
eilsozaimsiz
nor theamptesimprorasessorta to to oesiseal
snow rtie
Imo lEtTleg:
theseeneze=t lic!fhBzissaulat
sad In 1847, sigresessi a hope **Abe Tee Hour Bill 1
wial4 WOG din hewn Is .ale.d to the labesdo pops-
lades their staittagenal right sf wile be iambi» of
=t. la 1843, he and-Me. Wawa weed with Mr. S.
for a fa represeMAgess imle, sad for
the floradia of s sad, la 1844, he
mood Kr: Crawford for hale pleases@ before
=skinless. Osas:assithiskint =i liberty, Mr.
a state Olin hew lrish pried., tbaughle did semen a repeal
el tin I,w et sesenselm se tar as to anew On prim to
bold boil le die win of 1801. a yoor, if fce him
b, dis '"lvaZpial tIA _Pendia . Benin op.
Med OS sew di dideellestrre &daft that the
Mee d a dd set 'On imes his a = of a whit
eg be inapt Gee the New Testanent ;
Os gnat that the propel, of the
akar* te 4 the ; sad that the Mae inmost.
of the wdsl I* served bilyberElog the
polities d Oh peens dingy than by useless
neepsid mid ismarisusly hoed bishops. Ia to tan-
Wirdliedredi had, O ISO, mei sent is len see.
naseerip wins lbe Ingustiee at • tnessao,
whether &dad has geensbres Nunes ow nal
:Wenn NW lb itall this Nolo
of . •Darn, ON ' be was
non sad disseinis= .40 aide as ICI=
ben these whe didikellihs—an a mesa
eat owns** he ROM* lideLefolazpull hoe older.
If there were my On thenni dr. west tie far far
thou ea the ealiesof the farrago, In dna renumber the
vase sad dean nen wee opposed as then. The only
p
way be
owerful=boa ea Oat ems on is it win
+ It they
at
oft 0 have say One at all,
Um mum he Oho With a foes whin, wend
them far_ beyond the nen, bat a terse went be
nanomaly &eased a a aminObell had &gibe wharf-
rode et woelpesbn Ile esadaled by heartily setteading
the nano (pew.)
Mr. MICHARL BEAL thought
_they 'add not ban a
mar Open seadidele then Mr.Roebaelt. He had devoted
his whale NO le It bison' for the duties of a I-gislator.
(Hem, \racy He was educated ander Jeremy Bentham,
sad be or an associate of Mills, the author of " British
laths" of A. Hsering, and the other santribston to the
" Weemeinier Neview." It wee that party who bought
bars lbe pails the destrimes of free treds ; and the pro
pees dos sob had hem largely owing to their early
exurtiews. MI. IWO* had the merit of always basing
his_ ammiam ea $ sess peen priedpie3 and in regard to
Ireilia4 ft wastrahr as had WS SUM, that seven pan
ago be Madan lise nip tempi whin Sir Robert Peel
sow adenoid not be the 01101111•11811INIS of improvement.
As a literary_ swab Mr. itesnialied no ordinary repute,
tics. In MOP be wrote fir the Vilehd Haewlidge Society
the Life of Seamed, a . best mmalitailde work. (Hear.)
Is 18$ ens paliben ' it amiss of political
he their deer soil legWil views,
ralliteslieght hiss Übe eemireveny with nosy of the sem '
Issiebnie no 'et the dip. Them parepibile wen a steer.
levee diatom*. wed semi lielaciples ea all great=
dad guano Na
_then& de reams et lb.
want de went le MOWN. He Om amid lean it
XL Mesbash—flien)—emil ma INNOliblllt sod sew town
lOW. He t nod Hein a very wise sedeeiloo
ha mean Mr. • ' sad ' be cordially supported tit.
TM 'CILIBMIN said the real question we. whether, on
the whelk Mr. Boobs& was the likeliest man to represent
the tows. His (Ms. linflit's) views might perhaps be
Mikli, bat it was a ressemesadation to him that Mr. Roe.
stras sat a mss .d selelserstin family and connexions.
(Cheers.) 'TWIN= et Osnname at present was but a wet
efjanier Mean ono& It was toe aristocratic to be a Mae
Zone of Oirimak sail Se and on who should represent
more &raptly the Often of the middle sad lower classes
would greatly improve the character of that house. He
had reason to be aware that those who might perhaps be
calledtkele in luilamempseil t—Mr. Cobdea, Mr. Bight,
Col. Meempea.-weisffi be very glad to see Mr. Reebok
spin asemg diem (Chem.) Knowing how much aged
doe was to rapped the little band who advocated free
trade sad the esnemics of liberty, he should be glad is add
le their robe a nes who would gee. for as say et then.
He bed meat to that Mr. lembeek wend seabed,
men et ihe gpohotis of the people el weds" *au pa-
U:er:lke ass I and, sines thin had hese sew littli
mop them, it was ispertast That they should
seam in electing a man who bad so may moliont gond.
oedema (Cheers.)_
Mr. W. BARKER, se a nowelesisr, Mimi to :=
his admiration of Mr. Roebuck, and die aneendsil
tioa be hit that they
_were likely be be imeniessen in return-
ing a maw whose patifc character sad intellestmel worth was
so well kaolin.
The motion was this pat le the vote sad carried wil-
sinassly.
A vote of thanks was prepesal ti Kr. H. G. Ward for the
many services be bad rendered to the liberal came during
the tine he had represented Sheffield. Them was consider-
able oppositiqa to the motion, from a feeling among the
electors that duce Mr. Ward bad bees is oboe his conduct
had not been satisfactory. Eventually, however, the resolu-
tion was carried by a majority of two to one of the meeting.

castle had to look out for a new member. They se-
lected Mr. W. Ord, a gentlernaa of the highest
vcation in Northamberlacd, who had at for
h from 1802 to the period of the Reform Bill,
and Ud etonteeted the north &vial= tuviaccessfolly in
1832. The old members beta stood again, and tie
party who had brought forward Mr. Attwood en this
odium nominated Mr. Aytoua, a gentleman from
the ether tide the border, who at one time had
Cloud himself foe Edinburgh. The real eanteet
upon this oceades lay between Sir Matthew Ridley
and Mr. Hodgson,—the gated= being which should
go to the wall, the avowed tory or the ftaised
one. The enthusiasm in favour of Mr. Ord placed that
gentleman at the head of the p-VU by a considerable
athjority, and ultimately it proved that Sir M. W.
Hadley personal essociation with the town gave him
the advantage over Mr. Hodgson. The numbers
were—For Ord, 1,844; Ridley, 1,480; Hodgson,
1,287 ; Aytoun, 988. Mr. Aytoun polled lees than
Mr. Attwood, partly in consequence of being lees
known to the people, and partly in consequence of
Mr. Ord taking mural votes which might otherwise
have gam to him. The radius's of Newcastle be.
bayed, on this occasion, with great liberality towards
their candidate. They raised, amongst the party, a
subscription to defray all hi; expenses, which were
paid to the extent of between 8001. and 9001.
Sir Matthew Ridley died in July, 1838, sad the
contest which ensued upon this vacancy was the
closed ever known in Newcastle. Mr. Hodgson
Hind. reappeared as the candidate far the tortes; the
liberals, who felt the necessity of union, brought for-
ward Mr. Blacked., the representative of an opu-
lent and popular family residing near the town,
and who subsequently beams a member for the
southern division of Northumberked. An analysis
of the poll upon this occasion will best exhibit the
character of the election and its redults. The cossati- ,
tamer consisted of abut OK aridinnt B,lA4inkto
~eare kited. • Miler :1.087 et bouselso.ders and
1,417 old freemen There tae Mr. Hodgson
Hiade 627 householders sad 9 freemen, total, 1,578;
for Mr. Blackett, 1,060 howeholders and 468 fru-
men; total, 1,628. Majority for the tory, 48.
It is obvious that this result was brought about
by the old freemen. The fact was that the old sys-
tem of paying head money to this class of voters was
resorted to by the today, who in addition opened the
pablic-Looses, and employed number, of the poorer
electors as runners, at 6s. a day. The contest, which
extended over a veryshort space of time—only about
ten days—cost Mr. Mee upwards of 3,0001., or 21.
per head per Teter: 3001. a day upon the ave-
rage. Mr. Blaokett's friends paid his ex-
pensive by subsciptioo. They were by no means
so large, though the conduct of the election
on that side had been anything bat perfect purity.
The tory papers of the day snug a tremendous peen
over Mr. Hodgson Hindu's return, and talked of the
socket won by paying bead money to the venal free-
men se the index of a ruction against reform through.
out every pert of the empire.
The Newcastle barks were so elated at their great
sauce upon this occasion, that at the general election
of the following year they must needs bring
forward a second candidate. They selected
a Captain Coulson, of Blenkineopp Castle,
a gentleman never hard of in the political world
either before or since. The whigs met this move.
meat by nominating as a candidate with Mr. Ord,'
a Mr. Bigge, who by Sir M. W. Ridley's death had,
become head partner of the banking firm of Ridley,
Burge and Company, and who was a man ofthoroughly
liberal view,. This election resulted in the return of
the old member; and they were re-elated without
any show of opposition in 1841. Thus from the,
year 1802 to 1847 (to go back no farther) the repre-
seatatirn of Newcastle was a nullity in the Huse of
Commove, there having been a member on each side
of politics, despite the notorious circumstance that
the feeling of the town wu independent.
_ _

Prior to the dissolution of the last parliament the
liberals in Newcastle had carefully attended to the
register, which had been cleared, fortunately for the
purity of the town, of a large proportion of the old
*semen. When the diisolntion came the party was
not, however, pared with a seoond candidate. It
was understood that both the old members would
reappear upon the scene. Mr. Hinds posed through
Newcastle on the eve of the dissolution, and gave no
intimation to his friends of any change in his views
regardirg the representation. Just at this period Dr.
Heedlam, a Trading liberal in the town, mentioned to
some members of the party the misty of his nephew,
a young member of the Inner Temple, to menre a seat
in the Ileums of Commons. Dr. Headlanes wishes,
on personal as well as political considerations,
were wishes in which a large party of
the liberal ele:torate were desirous to concur.
Not only was this gentleman himself very
highly esteemed, but his relatives were at the heel
of a firm of considerable standing in Newcastle, which
has sines, unfortunately, eo& from the pre/lure of
the times. Mr. Emerson Readhun, who is eldest
son ofthe Archdeacon of Richmond, was accordingly
brought down to Newcastle, and presented as a caa-
didate. Hie canvass proved successfuL Mr. Hide
was squinted by hie supporters with the fiats. Te
their surprise and utter consternation, they received
a reply him curtly interning them that be was
no a candidate for the representation of the
borough. Those who have ever had expert nee of
similar iseident alone can judge of the effect of so
sudden an ....mancensent ono political party. There

was very little hope for them under ay circum-
stances ; bat they determined to maks a stand. They
got as a candidate Mr. Richard lfodpov, the former
• maw for Berwick-upon-Tweed, a yoanger brother
of Mr. Hodgson Hinds. As a cover for the se-
wage of their former champion there was some
paler in this sokotion. -Rut it turned out
siey4mately. TM Wee made their fight epee
the on which they had been so imomodol in
• at wholesale treating and headmoney.
even these practices could not now retrieve their
E=4, The numben.polled were, for Ord, 2,190;
2,068 ; Hodgson, 1,680. Of coarse, the
aitent the election was over, Mr. Hodgeonle
pablia-
base bills began to pour in. They were of greet,
mount. The " bonovrab'e candidate" refused point
blank to pay. He never bad authorised the=t
tete of a farthing, and be never valid 114 v
.into paying a farthing. The poor Newcastle tanks
leave ever roue been in a dreadful meas. Load
end bitter are their cesaplaints of the two
The courts • bier record of • their
lZhaello.d wrath. Mims and ammoastiess—•
Are of writs again) menemee. of the caimithe‘o
,her of submits. upon Mr. Dickey liedgeoM--
,Ltiseitrjudgesegeewarraata
atahLwinias7onsztatezt
piwywarranaseritsyo, famrattomeyyser.
mosses
p!sta.anism
has now been re en in Newcastle whisk is tellsriy
seigftel flotseminatriZe
pg el the bean sharp. Ms
prim into clout a deem dos% bat they can
who ' of hue. He desks berbg given eny
ouglimity, an his committee men are left to pay the,
per to the tune of upwards of 3,0001.
.Tula"untoward event" is, of course, seisms to the
ulanseawative mute as it leer Galled, at Newman.
,14 is, ao denbtolseady on the meads of the Carnet/4o
that my candidate bold enough to stand u=ii
Wry interest for this borough et the next
-meet ....zaiithe liabilities at the last. Weep.
sae a will not easily be found; if he fume
,heelley ask joy of bill benefit. •
• it le to be hepol that a lemon so scrim wiOlve
II heist are good effect, thit of petting sat sal
MiltOiimeept p &Mime at Newcastle. la MO tow
24011:11 lave thyme set the example el 'obieter
Paittke• They have now got their reenteet
As=ent time the position of Newcastle is meat
63 61,h" Lxhatif eieslien and to good se.
14e aw skew in Or am.
er re in their idea. Ile elite* Ages
that Sh' Warm NMI* le bream op I
there are few oxbow eid the iiebot
ebortists are an belimilleani Mfr. A safer,
stray he in fees 1 ecommdcol re/es
,h; every de effid desolate, prevails. ThieeZ
reformers are alma powerful bod bat as
T.,
eehgeheal obaralmien mid thiir
he halide. al transit andoimmebelleiteee ower-
touting dim may heal' Wee Ml peijaises
which this constitasney,• eilmalled afar from Selma
oars ORM was 'time to be inil alma.
When amt ties of_ *resole have to look he
memberi, they wffi robe* meek them, not in the
compsradvelybaited mg. of their own town sad
county, bat in the wile mesa of political discussion.
They goy, if they median their grow* independ-
ence, emAy find men only too proud to accept an in-
vitation from such a constituency as the 4,000 electors
and 80,000 inhabitants of this great oenunercial city.

CAPITAL INVESTED IN LAND.
TO TM /MOIL OF TUI Manes.
Silt,—"Where good wheat now grows, I sued to shoot
snipes in my yonager. dap," said Lord Stanley at o e
of the Lanosshero agricultural dinners, a few years ego.
The lar.d, thus improved, lay 'jut outside the Bum-
ley-park wall. The improvement was one to bout
of, had it been effected sooniv. !deathly the marsh
was kept as a marsh ter the young Mr. Stanley's
amusement, and improved when the Lord Stanley saw
a prospect of becoming Eirl of Derby. Probably the
draining and superine surfs°, cultivated were resarted
to when the League agitators were'pointing to crops
of luxuriant rashes and stunted thistles as proofs of
the incapacity ci landowners to manage their own
affairs. Be this as it may, the improvement was made ;
at an expenditure of about six pounds per acre, land
which had not been worth more than five
shillings in acre became worth thirty; and his lord-
ship, in escaping from the leaguer s charge of shame-
ful mismanagement, unconsciously furnished them
with an excellent reply to the complaints of agricul-
tural distress. That cry being now again raised in
toll chorus, it becomes a question of some interest how
fir the conversion of eniFe-shooting ground into
good wheat-growing soil may be carried.
Well-informed
_persons say that in South Lanca-
shire where the •gby family ham • groat breadth of
land, D
there are, at the very least, 200,000 terse not
swampy enough to afford good snipe-shooting, and
not drained enough to produce either good whit* or
good green cope--land precisely in the condition to
damp the enterprise and drain the pockets of the
tetakne7. In wet weather it is a puddle—in dry, a
and indurated brick-field loot. If a farmer
can raise 15 bushels of wheat or 15 toes of turnips
an acre, be is either a very •elevate fellow or the se son
is unusually propitious. And yet sa agricultural eye
—for an agrimiltaral "mind" is no longer to be re-
in Ted to—•might see with half& glance from the win-
dows of a railway carriage on its way between Liver-
pd and Manchester, that the produce might easily
be doubled, and that, although lard Stanley's profit
of twenty-five shillit.ge a year on an outlay of six,
pounds might not be obtained, there would be a
better, a more certain, and a more permanent return
than canin ca at present be expected from any other mode
of insulpital.
It would not be extravagant to say that the
thorough draining of such land would yield a return
of from 15 to 20 per cent., in many instances of 23
per out. Let us, however, take as the average re-
turn the lowest that' could be had in almost any
ones-10 per cent ; add to that other returns from
other judicious expenditure, and then see what profit
might derived from the 200,000 acres in Lord Stan-
ley's division of Lancashire, and of 200,000 in the
same condition in the adjoining county of Chester.
The not of the land, from its proximity to good mar-
kets, notwithstanding its wretched condition, may be'
taken at 28e. en acre. It would require 51. per acre,
on the average, to drain this land, to straighten the
fences, and reduce the number of enclosure*, so
that none should contain less than ten sores. These
operations would, at once, add ten shillings to the
annual value of the land, and at that advance the
Bum would be much more certain of deriving a
profit than he was at his former rent. Here is a profit
of tea per cent on an outlay of 2,000,0001. Were a
railroad projected offering equal security for each a
return, would not the shares be taken up in a week ?
But it is not merely by the outlay of capital that
landowners might greatly increase the value of their
property. It is not only by what they do, but by
what they cease to do, that they might change the
complaint of agricultural distress into the exultation
in agricultural prosperity. There is not a farmer
in the districtssUuded to whowould not give eighteen-
pence an acre more to be rid of the vermin called
game, even in localities the least liable to that inflic-
tion. There is not amagst them one who would
not give eighteen-pence more fer removing the
restriction on ploughing up, and laying down
again, in good clean, and healthy condition,
old gram lend, overgrown with mss, thistles,
and rushes. There is not one amongst them
who would not give 2s. an acre more to have
an equitable lease, for a period which would
enable him to have a fair return for the capital he
might expend in other improvements than those indi-
cated. Here then is en increased income to the land-
lord of 51. beyond the 10s. derived from the outlay
of capital, and the value of a single sore, counting 30
years purchase, as the marketable price—is raised
from 42/. to 64/. 10e. !
Let u suppose that the 400,000 acres could be pur-
chased from the present proprietors, improved in the
manner suggested, let on equitable leases, and re-
leased from all fettering restrictions, sons then sold,
as the auctioneer's phrase is, is "suitable lots."
490,000 acres at ask 10e.
Cost price at 421. per mare.... £16,800,000
Improvements, 6k „ ... 2,000,000
19,800,000

Profit £7,000,000
These hints may be suggestive at the present time,
when the "agricultural mind" is labonrmg how to
express its deep distress. A. P.
Manchester, March 29.

DLIBLIN, APRIL 6.
The financial relation of Ireland with the rest of the
empire is beginning to attract much attention in this
oeuntry. There are symptoms that the northern are
disposed to raise a searching inquiry on this subject.
The grand jury of the county of Antrim have called
for a animism:a of inquiry, in order to know whether
or not Ireland contributes her just amount of taxation
according to the articles of the union P This question
is most vigorously discussed in the Press of last night,
and the public are likely to hear much more of the
topic, as the conservatives are beginning to take much
interest in the subject.
It would be very desirable to have the public mind
set at rest about the rumoured transfer of the law
courts to Leaden. The report is renewed again and
again in a very singular way, and it only keeps alive
fears of danger amongst the most important profes-
sion in this country—the bar. If the barristers here
were sucked into the ranks of d:scontent, it is hard to
say what could stop their clamour. All parties here
would o the transfer of the courts, and the very
seems so frantic that owe would not notioe it.
ut for the persistency of the report that sweeping
measures of a moat comprehensive kind relative to our
courts of justice ere is contemplation.
The Dublin University. Magazine for April has a
long and able article against Sir R. Peel's confiscation
plan. The writer says that, as the battle of the oar
stitution for England was fought at the neaten,
so la Ireland the country mast he saved through the
boards of guardians. But the debates and the doings
of our Irish poor law guardians have sadly diesp•
pointed those wbo long ago entertained the hopes now
uttered by the University Kornis&
STATE OF THE WEST OF IRELAND.
The Li orpool Vases says: The following are ea-
tracts bon the letters of a cyanamid traveller to his em-
ployers in this lowa
" Werport, Mara 28.—The land generally is better cal-
&Med this eases than hit, bat the greater pert of the west
is eat of addrathes. The dower of the Mayo peasantry
have sesigreesi ; se that the land is tenantless, and the land
lords am tee put to raltirato it. Potatoes are being pat
down to a large extant."
" Galway, Ku* 31.—There is a rumour of goventateut
subsea°, for a railway to Galway. Emigration to America
continues at a large Kele; the poor that remain behind are
dphe ia great inualme."
"Castleber. Masiesry This neighbourhood is ipossann a
depkrable stins,-- huge webers of the poor
hare been ejected AIM Owls Isteeesteek the Waaloz
have not the mem to wiliivess the bed that has reverted
to them, se that it is lyteg waste. Outdoor relief is being
given weekly to 3,800 payees, ea an reetege, in this anion
awe eie hi ths poorhosess upwards al 1,000. If the potatO
crop rush tan out well, trade will improve. The people
sees to have set their lest hope es Ws. Potatoes have been
set this year mush miler than mat, to give them every
amp yak Ike euedition of the people
=as sloped' as ft well cut be."