The Express.
London, England, 1851-02-08 00:00:00

A NEW AND POWEIIPCL PUMP.

Prominent among the working mechanisms er the Ex-
hibition will be Mr. Appold's centrifugal pump. To call it
• pump, however, is a misnomer ; it should rather be
termed a water elevator, for, in its construction and in the
mass of water raised and discharged, it hears no relation to
ordinary pimps. The water is not discharged through •
spout or orifice, but it pours over two sides of • tank about
four feet wide, in a continuous torrent, the water being
raised above the edges of the tank two or three inches.
In this machine there arc no acting valves, no cylinder or
piston, as in other pumps, but the water is raised by what is
commonly called ‘• centrifugal force." The action of this
force is most (deafly perceived in those centrifugal pumps
which consist of a straight perpendicular pipe and two
hollow horizontal arms, to which a rapid rotary motion is
given. The lower end of the perpendicular pipe being im-
mersed in water, the rotary motion causes the water in the
horizontal arms to be thrown out, water rushes up the per-
pendicular shaft to . of eke *Sid
ejected, and by chid A Unarm and • rapid
flow takes place so 1 g the machine is kept in
action. There arc many inconveniences and much
loss of power attending this arrangement, consequently
centrifugal pumps have been hitherto little used. In the
application of the same principle by Mr. Appold, the incon-
venience of the old form is remedied, and, to judge from
the effects of its action, it far exceeds, in capability of dis-
charging within a given time, any other known mode of
raising water, not excepting the hydraulic belt. Instead of
the straight shaft and horizontal arms, Mrs Appold'a pump
apparatus consists of a circular fan, closely resembling in
form the " blow:rs" which have recently been brought
into use as substitutes for bellows. Two discs, with holes
in their centres, arc joined together by curved partitions,
which form about eight separate compartments. A rapid
rotary motion is given to the instrument when immersed in
water, by which means the fluid is thrown out of the curved
compartments by centrifugal action, a fresh supply rushes
in through the central openings, and thus a continual flow
is maintained. The water ix nut, however, thrown about
in the air, for the rotating instrument is placed under the
surface, and raises the fluid to the top of the tanl: from
which it is to flow. It is astonishing to witness the great
volume of water that is thus discharged by means of an
apparatus apparently insignificant. The " pump " which we
saw in action was only one foot in diameter, and about four
inches wide in the centre, yet it will discharge 1,400 gallons
per minute with 530 revolutions. An instrument ten feet
in 'diameter will pump 140,000 gallons per minute; one
double that size will pump 560,000 gallons, and a machine
forty feet in diameter will discharge the enormous quantity
of 2,210,000 gallons per minute. Such a power brought to
bear on the draining of marshes, for which it is specially
applicable, would prove most effective. The loss of power
in the use of this centrifugal pump, it is calculated, would
not exceed 30 per cent. With the one-font pump, water has
been raised to the height of sixty-seven feet, when moving
with the velocity of 1,322 revolutions per minute. The
machine to be exhibited will be of that size. It will be
kept constantly in action by steam power, and will occupy
a space of ten feet square, to allow for occasional splashing,
The torrents of water rushing over the sides of the tank
resemble a cascade rather than the discharge of a pump.

Mr. Appolirs house, in Wilson-street, Finsbury-square,
in which we were favoured with a view of the centrifugal
pump, is full of ingenious contrivances of his invention, and
if it could be removed bodily within the Crystal
Palace, it would be an object of much curiosity
and wonder. The whole building is warmed by a self-
regulating apparatus to any temperature that may
be desired; a balance thermometer, which Mr. Appold.

will probably exhibit, increases or diminishes the supply of
gas to a gas stove, whence warm air issues into all the pas-
sages ; a self-acting register hygrometer keeps the atmo-
sphere of the house at one uegular degree of moisture ; the
ventilation of the rooms is regulated by perforated flooring
and by apertures in the ceiling, with curiously contrived
dampers ; an electric clock, greatly improved by
Mr. Appold, works for weeks untouched, by electricity
generated in the earth ; the door of the dining-room
rests, when open, atany angle to which it may be regulated,
and to that position it returns whenever swung further
open or more nearly closed ; another door slowly opens as you
approach, and as slowly and silently shuts after you have
passed through ; and, what is more magical still, the act of
lighting a gas chandelier in the dining-room closes and bolts
the window-shutters!

THINGS TO BE EXHIBITED IN THE GLASS

PALACE.

Mr. A. Siccama. A case of patent diatonic flutes. These
flutes are exhibited as improvements on the old flute, being
capable of producing the various enhannonies required to
bring out all the major and minor diatonic scales in perfect
tune. Messrs. Williams, Filmore, and Mason, Guilford-
street, a bronze table. Mr. Yerbury, a "diaphragm pipe,"
in which, the points of the tube and bowl being separated,
the oil is prevented from fouling the tube, and the smoke
and tobacco are kept dry.

Mr. Joseph Wood, cutler, 28, Spurriergate, specimens of
the York razor, arranged in a glass case, and showing the
different stages in the manufacture of this recent invention
of Mr. Wood ; and as an accompaniment to the razor, spe-
cimens of the York Strop ; also specimens of the York Keg,
or Barrel, used by sportsmen, fur carrying wine, spirits, or
beer. Mr. John A'ulstenholme, carver, 12, Lord Mayor's.
walk, six stall finials, or poppy-heads, of decorated Gothic ar-
eltitecture. They arc of various designs, carved in Norway, and
enriched with leaves of the oak, maple, hawthorn, and ivy. '
Mr. Janowski, Berlin Wool Repository, Stonegate, a
state chair, a banner-scorn, and an embroidered picture of
"The Contented Family." Mr. Matthew Cooper, saddler,
2.5, Swinegate, a side-saadle, ornamented with a covering of '
Berlin wool, worked at Mr. Jancowski's establishment. '
The design is worked in colours, on a black ground. The
peculiarities of this saddle are, that it will be much easier
and safer to the lady who uses it—the Berlin wool work on
the seat giving this advantage—the lady will not be so
liable to slip, as is often the case in the ordinary saddle.
Another advantage is that a lady skilled in Berlin wool
work may, by obtaining patterns from the saddle, assist in
making her own saddle, and thus have at her command, to
a great extent, the expense, style, and material of the arti-
cle. The stirrup is made to pass beneath the Hap, which is
covered with the Berlin wool, and thus the possibility of wear-
ing away the decuratiou is obviated. A military saddle, the
pitch of which is also partially composed of Berlin wool.
Mr. Edward Crummack, 1, Tower-street, comb manufac-
turer, specimens of ivory, tortoiseshell, and horn dressing
combs, the product of hand labour. Mr. Wm. Bellerby,
des Tutor and painter, 9, Boothe/a, a cabinet made of oak,
5 feet in length and 4 feet 6 inches in height. The feature
in this cabinet will be the two door panels, in which will be
introduced the novelty of a picture engraved upon wood.
On one of the panels will be a representation of Christ
bearing his cross, after Raphael ; and the other the Descent
from the Cross, by Rieciarclli. Mr. Samuel Hill, medical
superintendent at the North and East Ridings Pauper
Lunatic Asylum, a model for a country lunatic asylum,
with plans. A model for a nursery fireplace, with guard
and warm air chamber. A window for a lunatic asylum,
or other building, where security is required, with
a Venetian blind. Captain G. M‘Clintock, of the
62nd Regiment of Light Infantry, chain, cut from
wood. Mr. Mark noway and Mr. Joseph Walton,
pupils of the York School of Design, models in clay.
Jlr. William Plows, marble works, Fee.sbridge, a marble
slab, on which are represented the symbols of free and
operative masonry found in the crypt of York Minster and
other places. Professor Phillips, of St. Mary's Lodge, a
peculiar electrophones and meteorological instrument, of a
new construction. in artificial marble. Mr. E. Charles-
' worth, curator at the Museum, a series of objects illustrat-1
ing a new process of mounting and preserving specimens in
zoology. Miss Elizabeth Atkinson, of Devonshire-place,
. Harrogate, coloured figures in wax; and Mr. Robert Baker,
of Easingwold, some specimens of butchers' and house
, steels.

FROM HMI.

William Radcliffe, a Pieeeol flannel containing 140 picks
to the inch (the average of the finest cloth made rarely ex-
ceeding 50). A steam-engino weighing three-quarters of
an ounce, and performing 3,600 revolutions in a minute.
FROM WORIINOTON.
A model three-masted merchant vessel now in the course
of construction at the yard of Mr. Lamport, shipbuilder,
Workington, and intended for the Great 'Exhibition. The
sire of the miniature vessel is larger than ordinary models,
measuring 10 feet from bowsprit to taffrail, and the great
peculiarity is that it is • regularly built ship, an exact
counterpart, both in the mode of contraction and appear-
genre. thosich on a smaller wale. of the orieinal Lemathse