The Express.
London, England, 1849-08-31 00:00:00

ON COMMANDER PITMAN.

LIVERPOOL PHILHARMONIC FESTIVAL
Livszrooz, THUSADLT.
The concert last night was the most fblly attended
of any of the performances that hare yet taken place.
Nearly all the artistes were engaged in it: Grisi,
Genie, Alboni, Catherine Hayes, Jetty de Treffz, the
two Curbwris, and the two IVilliamses, Mario, La-
blache, :and Tagliatico. Formes was to have @nog,
but was prevented by indisposition. The sllo in-
strumentalists were Ernst (violin), and Bottesini
(oontra basso), aho elicited a hearty encore.
Garcia has made the greatest impression of any of
the artistes here, for every one speaks of her as a
great vocalist. From the extreme length of the con.
cert, the encores were few, but still, everything
went off with great brilliancy, the receptions being
flattering and the applause vehement. Grisi sang
" Non fe wine " with en energy she seldom exhibits
out of open, and the encore was tremendous. Garcia
cave her great song from the " Prophets (the one
in the prison scene, ' Sal capon and the duet from
the first scene with Mies Hayes. The sestet, which
occurs at the close of the first act, was given,
and went with immense effect. Mario was suf-
fering from cold and a slight hoarseness, which
somewhat marred
the effect of his beautiful
organ. Alboni g pia
he mega
the second time in Liverpool, and r wonderful
facility in froriteri both surprised and delighted her

beanie.
There was the usual amount of concerted music.
Benedict conducted, and the band went better, as
Benedict knew the time to which the operatic vOcal-
ists are accustomed to take their music, an d was
therefore surer and firmer than any local conductor
could be, however great his ability.
The band gave Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony,"
and it was considered to be one of the gems of the
festival by those who admire and can appreciate clas-
sical music of the highest order.
This closed the series of concerts, and was certainly
a very brilliant finale.
This morning the " Messiah" was performed, and
the artistes announced for it were Garcia, Catharine
Hayes, and the Misses Williams, Sims Reeves, Herr
Formes, Machin, and Benson. Garcia aad Reeves
were too ill to appear. Miss M. Williams took the
lady's part and Benson the gentleman's. Miss Hayes,
for some reason which we have not been able to weer-
tain, scarcely sang anything for which she was set
down, and in consequence of the changes there were
many mistakes committed. Herr Forma had re-
covered from his illness and sang very finely
.indeed.
He was not so nervous as on the former morniag, and
the music was evidently more familiar.
The oratorio was so long in the performance that
we are only left time enough to mention the choruses,
which we do not hesitate to my are about the finest
is leglend, they were the feature of this morning's
peelhimmos.
Steurrow morning the " Stabat Mater' is to be
give, aad es it has only been heard here once, ex-
pectation is raised about it, more parties/021y as the
original vocalists will wear in it.

The anniversary cf the Cumberland and Westmore-
land Agricultural Scary was held at Penrith on the 29 h.
After a most excellent show of agricultural stock, predate,
and implements, Lord Brougham presided at the dinner,
which took plus in • marquee erected in the immediate
vicinity of the Crown Hotel, Coven were hid for 350.
Alter A. routine teeMs, and others of merely local in-
terest,
Lord BROUGHAM proposed "Seems' to the Camber-
hod sad Westmorland Amicultaral Society," whom pro.
11.1164111 lad brought tlina together. He ought to ap-
pear& mash • subject ea that, on whisk he was, amo-
ral, speaking, so ill-infecund, Nei of which he had Nab
no pranks' experience, with very great distrust el klf
sell They were met certainly to avoid all 6116.1
des elatever to political topics, and to units la
that which should further one of the great, at interests of
maiskiad the cultivstioa of the soil. He cheerfully
adeptod the principle. He held that whatever might N the
effect of the late very important doge la the law and Folksy
of this country with respect to the seen age, el mu mem
admit that its first tendency, whatever might be Its admits
effects, was upon the whole, to ellaselate the farmer te el
measures cf improvement, whereby le east ke his Wade
more profitable and his land more productive. (Cheers.)
He did not mean to resew the discussion of the corn laws.
He heard it debated till he was sick of the very name of
sera—almost u much so es a lame man might be of the
med. (A laugh.) He was as sick of it es he could be &m-
-iser that tiresome and •to be sufficient/y-depreeded
session of 1846, owing to the labour it took in that home of
parliament of which he was an unworthy member. Bet
it always was the opinion maintained by those with whom
he associated on this subject—it was the most im-
portant lesson that could be drawn from the result of that
controversy, and whatever happened to prows oa the Ihreser,
it was the mere important limos for hint to learr—
it became doubly and trebly important that he should
move all hot powers, and pat all his energies in form and
action fee the purpose of increasing the produce of his land
and diminishing the expense of his cultivation. (Cheers.)
That was the ground on which they might all meet, what-
ever their opinions, on local politics or pima politics might
be. His noble friend hod justly adverted to the great im-
portance of draining. It did not require a man to know much
of :arming to appreciate the importance of that matter.
For himself, he hardly knew more than the duffing.' be-
tween an ox sad a sheep—(a laugh)—he scarcely went fur-
the rin his knowledge of stock than that. He might be able
to discriminate barley from wheat. With buley and rye he
might, perhaps, be taken in. (A laugh.) In share, he knew
almost as little as the legislature cn the subject. (A laugh.)
It was utterly impossible to know less. (A laugh.) For in-
stance, they passed a measure—a most important measure,
for it was a model set—the Municipal Clauses Act, im-
prig various penalties for overdriving cattle. Tney did
not know an ox or cow to be cattle ; and, in the interpreta-
tion clause, which had been very carefully framed, they said
—putting forth, no doubt, all the knowledge they powered
—" cattle shall be taken to mean horses' —not very likely to
be overdriven • " goats"—not very likely to be overdriven ;
•• mules"—hardly ever seen (a laugh); swine"—not to be
driven. (Laughter.) They might as well talk of driving
the legislature, the only way of driving ttem was to pull
them back. (Lauohter continued.) However, the leguls.
cure left out oxen and cows as if they were not " cattle,"
and very likely to be overdriven. (A laugh.) He knew
almost as little as the legislature; but, without knowing
much more, he could easily tell that as long as the earth was
a sponge of water, as in many parts of the country—some,
not far off he was sorry to sty it—still remained, it was
utterly useless in ploughing and putting in manure. He bad
actually sees people throwing lime into wet ground making
lime water, very good for • burn, but of no use to make
the groaad dry. His noble friend near him had taken the
judicious course—deep draining. (Cheers.) He had
drained to an enormous extent, and he world go on drain.
ing until he made his land doubly valuable. From many
practical agriculturists he knew that the e &et of deep drain-
ing been to double the value of the land. (Cheers.)
r they had drained it was of the greatest importance no
doubt to attend to manure ; and a friend of his who bad
attended very much to that subject produced a most valu-
able invention which bad been patented in France, and
would have been patented in this country but for his
death. It would have been • very great accession to
the powers of manure, both in respect of cheapness
and efficacy. Bat a very great step had been made lately,
and approved of by all farmers, not merely specalative, bat
practical, with whom he had the opportunity of conversing.
He alluded to the effect of liquid manure. This he knew,
that Lord Reknit', himself a very excellent farmer, stated
lately, at a meeting of • sanitary association, that manure
in a state of liquidity, impregnated with offal, applied
to the soil—when the experiment was tried on a moderate
scale—raised the value of the land from 7-. to 16c, and
when tried on a most extensive scale, the value wee incensed
by the liquid fi iw in the proportion of 7. to 28i. (Caters.)
Tie operation requited no apparatus—no expense of outlay.
It only required that sufficient water should be applied to
the manure. The amount of water was most material to the
success of the applicatioa. Before sitting down he whited
to allude to machinery. He had been very much
delighted to see so good a show of valuable engines,
some of them most ingenious and very untenable in price
for churning, hoeing, threshing, and so forth. A f.iend of
his, • ',ream' agriculturist, informed him that • very ill-
portant step had been taken for the purpose of saving ltbour,
sad thereby economising the egoism of production, an ob-
jet which, with care and judicious mechanical contrivances,
wee always in our power a... when we °raid not increm
IN fertility of the soil. (Cheers.) The most valuable import-
mate had been mad, in the application of steam on • small
seals. People were apt to suppose that steam could only be
employed on a gigantic stole, for locomotion on railways, er
la great =flummeries of various kinds; and of course in pro-
rates to the rise of the engine was its expense both in first
mat mil in working it by means of fuel. But In the town of
Oisegew a person had been able to have a steam-engine not
larger than • tea-kettle—he had seen such an one himself;
ia inns instance he had heard of one not larger than • teapot,
whisk was quite capable of driving a small turning lathe on
whit& • cutler could work. (Cheers.) Still it might be
said this power had only been employed In manufactures;
bet, It might, with the greatest possible advantage in saving
lassige, be introduced into erica-tare as well as smou'act tires.
(Cheers ,) Tbrashing machines, straw-cutting machines,
sad veriou, other engines might be worked most Nun-
lemma* by the application of steam; and he had the meet
eselisat, sanguine hope, that he should live to see this new
sod met valuable extension of the application of steam.
NSW had he seen such beautiful cattle, such magnificent
MOSS end bulls, as he bad seen that day,—not to men-
den their extraordinary exhibition of poultry. Thirty
yams ego no man could have contemplated such • thing
air* of the Trent. He ventured to say that as great
psopor had been made, during the last 20 or 30 years,
g sad stock, through Cumberland and Wiesner,-
Ned. es in any other past of Ragland. (Cheers.) Perhaps
mer season was, they bad very great occasion for improve.
meet; for, certainly, 30 years ago, they were not quite in
the state they ought to have been. (A laugh.) But, with
reference to steam, if any one 30 or 40 years ago, bad said
we should go to London and back in 24 hours by steam, they
would have been laughed to scorn, as though the thing were
utterly, absolutely, physically impossible. Mr. Darwin, in-
deed, by • most wondsrlul gift of prophecy, anticipated the
day when he said—
"Neu shall thy powers, gigantic sem, afar,
Path the slow bark, drive the raiment az."
Bat he was supposed to be • visionary. Mr. Canning and
ether wits laughed at him fee his pees ; but had Dr. Dar-
win lived, he might have laughed at them for the ridicule
east es him ; for now steam was the great locomotive power
in the universe. He could not help thinking the sages-
Van well worth the attention of formers, that • better system
et keeping their accounts, as tending to economy above all,
to regularity, a great sours, of wealth in itself, should
mad
be =see generally adopted. (Cheers.) He hardly ever
awe s great good farmer on a considerable scale, or
see ens moderato male Irk* did not to a certain degree
palbru the office of his own accountant. keeping a molar
see ef leeks, as tradesmen were accustomed to do. It was
uasumery for the farmer, them anufacturer of corn, as it
was hie the manufacturer of cotton twist or steel blades, to
keeteseenats of all the details of his Waimea. He never
could tel exactly what Mate he was in—what was his ex.
pudgier, what were his gains or losses, without regular and
s 3 stem& bookkeeping. He therefore strongly recommended
his agrisel.ural friends to adopt a good system of accounts.
(Cheers.) The noble and learned lord concluded, amidst
loud cheers, by giving " Soma to the Cumberland and
Westmoreland Agricultural Society," which was duly ho-
noured.
Mr. SENHOUSE, the viol-president, proposed " the
health of the members for the two counties "
Colonel Lowther, Mr. E. Stanley, the Hon. C. R. Howard,
Mr. W. Marshall, and Captain Lowther, severally returned
thanks.
Tice awards having been read, end theheslth of the judges
drunk,
The Earl of LONSDALE proposed the health of Lord
Brougham. They all knew the great variety of his noble
friend's attainments, as well's his great industry and gala-
nes' is attaining knowledge of every kind. His acquire-
ments were in truth the surprise and admiration of all wee
had watched his career—and who had not t (Cheers.) They
must all, therefore, feel great 'satisfaction la knowing that
the enlightened mind of his noble friend was directed to the
most important Weenies of the country,. and as agriculture
was now to be worked by science, they might hope from the
scientiflo and philesopical taste of his noble friend, that lm-
portents Malta would follow from his application of
chemistry to manures, and mechanics to thetaovement of
agricultural implements. (Cheers.) The was drank
with all the honours.
Lord BROUGHAM rebutted thanks in • humouroos
speech.
Other toasts followed, and the meeting broke up.

WESTMINSTER FREEMOLD LAND SocIETT.— The
Odra fortnightly meeting of this society wss held at the
Yoth Hotel, tipper W -street, Strand, on Wednes-
day evening, when 621.8.. was nicely/a for entrance feet and
subscriptions. The motives for joining these seeleties appeare
to Ds twofold—the political one of being able to rale= th
11(214.Cosameatei under titike4=lser, sad the aerator
ad
CLEAN thSeIIyIRTS" seIN"CIIIIRERLAIID.—A Cumberland
paps! says :—" That an establishment mists In the Market-
place, Whitehanni, where labe~mett resort en Saturday
nights to procure clean skirts kr Sendai. Having bought
the original skirt at this cep, the owner takes it bark on
Saturday night, after a week's weer, ad essliaaPs it for a
clean one en mutest of three lsaltemes. Wag es* halfpenny
less than "add be charged by ale imdiMreglign. AA ex.
Moshe Imams Is done us this way."

•
PLYMOUTH, AUGUST 23.—As important noun-
smug m..zsenced today on board her Majesty's ship ha-
lerotl., 104, rapraiin Sir Thomas Maitland, now lying in
,r for the Pil.rgen of trying Commander John
Charles Pitmen, lute Q. !ler Nelfotr! ibiLF__filiikti• no
smut gondsted of Admiral Sir sfee.l L'°*°. '' Pl."'" I
Nelda Wm. James H Joheaten..% `l/ the Affinwourt i
Coggin Jobs II IA geese: Ceptain Sir Thoreau
ac*
Maidesi, CIL, I • sal Oiptoth a.l."'P Gniill.
I Wash% shio. chirps were:
N Elsong meat/ aim or about the 4th a Septelef.r,
MS, nail the Ile of May, 1849, and for hiss statesman
In the log of her Majesty's skip Childers, oa or about the 9th
Say of October, ISM
" Genseal enmity and opreesion during the period eons-
mendne of se sheet the 4th of September, 1848, and ending
en the nth of Wry, 1849.
"Palm expenditure of stores; vie , a hammock cloth, rt-
g=srted to have been washed away on or about the 14th of
;1846; and a maintcpsail, represented to have been
bell on se about the 9th of October, 1848.
" Palm statements in the log-book of her Majesty's ship
Alden from September, 1848, to May 20, 1849.*
The lest of the above charges was preferred by Lieutenant
Orabass, and the others by Mr. Elliott, the late master of
the Childers.
On the court being opened, it was stated as both sides
that many of the witnesses were not present. Out of thirty-
ene named, five for the prosecution and nine for the defence
did not answer to their names.
The Judge Advocate said that some of them had net been
eammoned until yesterday, and they could not be in Gaut
until to morrow.
The court was then sworn.
Mr. Oliver Henry Davis, a clerk is theme untant-
General's department of the Admiralty, prodhe log-
books of her Majesty's ship Childers, from March, 1846, to
July, 1849; also produced the boatswain's and carpenter's
expense. books for the same period; also the punishment
warrants from March, 1848, to December, 1848. He did not
know of a punishment book for minor offecees.
After some conversation, it was agreed that the first charge
Inferred by Mr. Graham, should be the first tak-n.
Alexander Rodney /nigh Carter who belonged to the
Coast Gaud. said, previous to being examined, I wish to
state that it is two yens since I left the Children, and during
that time I kept no dates, and I can only speak to the best
of my noolleetion.
I Ezamined by Mr. Graham—Was serving as a lieu•
tenant in the Chadors, on her passage, in 1846, from the
'Cape to Chios. Recollects a letter being found on the cora-
mander's skylight, on the panne from New Zealand to
China. It had no address on the outside. I forwarded it to
Commander Pitman, after having read the contents. It was
a most mutinous letter, saying something about punish-
min% and making men jump overboard. it was addressed
Inside to Captain or Commander Pitman. There was no
regular signature to that letter ; but it ended with, "My
name you will find out," " My name Iceland tell," or some-
thing of that kind.
By Captain Johnstone.—The charge against the prisoner
is that of general cruelty and oppression during the period
commencing on or about the 4th of September, 1846, to
20th of Kay, 1849, on board the Childers. Will you state to
the sort if yen recollect any particular acts of cruelty be-
tween those dates ?—I cannot recollect any particular in-
stance of cruelty, but I consider ,in many instances, Com-
mander Pitman was inconsietent and severe, but I cannot
recollect any particular instance.
By the President.—On what grounded° you consider that
it was inconsistent and severe? I considered be would
punish a man severely for a fault one day, and that were a
similar fault to happen the next day it would be considered a
slight one. There wee a great deal of flogging and a severe
black lisp.
By Captain Johnstone—Can you state to the court the
usual system of secondary punishments observed in the
Childers ?—Bleck-listing, and men earring their hammocks
and their handspikes for boars on their backs, and stopping
their grog.—What duty were the men required to perform
when they were in the black•lin I—They bad their regular
duties, independently. They carried their hammocks during
the first or second watch, on the gangway or abaft, during
their watchea—Were any of the men obliged to carry any
of their hammocks or handspikes, during day or night,
when it was their proper watch below I—They were. Can
you state for how long a time, for any one time, they
were ordered to walk the deck when under pu-
nishment I—From four to six hours, and for trival offences
—Did Commander Pitman have general intercourse with his
officers, as is usual in the service, by inviting them to dinner?
He did, when the state of the weather permitted it —Did
you consider the crew an orderly crew, or otherwise ? I con-
sidered the discipline very defective, and the crew a dis-
orderly set of men. Did not hear any of the officers cons-
plan of Commander Pitman's conduct towards them further
than they complained of the vessel in general. 1
By the President—Dii you consider that Commander Pit-
man's conduct wee marked by cruelty and oppression whilst
you were in the Childers ?—At times he was severe. I can-
not call to mind any cruelty or oppneeion. I sin not aware
that any man or boy was started by rope or cane by orders of
Commander Pitman. The usual number of lashes inflicted
in punishment was three &nut ; it depended on drown-

stances.
Cross-examined by the Prisoner—The offence' that I eon-
eider trifling were such as a man not being present at his
muster, or not furling • gallant-yard proper.y. Blacklisting
was a frequent punishment, and grog-water for each offences.
I cannot mention any particular individusl who was kept
walking shout with his hammock or handspike for six
Gers, but theve been. I cut name many
esers who mitt ahoy totsoi thoiasolvos out of tit* ship.
I bare heard the two progenitors say so. I have also heard
the purser, Mr. Stephen Fisher say, that he wished he
could get out of the ship. There were several other officers
who mid the same, but I cannot bring to mind their names.
I did not hear Lieutenant Boys say so when in the ship, but
I have since heard him say that he was very glad he bad
left her.
Here the court war cloud fora quarter of an hour. On
being reopened,
Lieutenant Carter was re-ailed and questioned by the
prosecutor : la hit judgment the want of discipline in the
ship was to be attributed partly to the inconsiderate and
severe measures of Commander Pitman, and partly to the I
frequent changes of officers that had taken place during the
short time she was in commission. I left the ship because I
wished to return to England, and I was glad of any oppor-
tunity of getting away from an uncomfortable ship. Do
you not believe that the constant change of officen resulted
from the conduct of the commander ?
[The prisoner took an objection to the question, as it Ing-
e( sod to the witness • question and en answer ; but the,
difficulty could be got rid of by the wiener stating that be
could not answer it.] What I consider an uncomfortable
ship is, when the commander and officen are not on terms.
That was the case on board the Childers.—Wes lon bad
terms with you ? Ido not know whether you were on bad
terms with me, but I trust I always paid proper respect to
you as commander of the ship.—Will you name any officer I
was on bad terms with while you wen in the ship ? From
the observations I have heard, I should my many—several ;
but the captain and officers were in the habit of dining with
each other.
Mr. Andrew Richard Elliott, late muter of the Childers,
examined. I was serving on board her Majesty's ship
Childers during her passage from Mauritius to China, in the
year 1846. I remember a marine serving In that ship, of
the name of Haig, being flogged. His offense was steeling
candles, to burn in the lower deck whoa the ship was bat-
tened down, which she was the greater part of the passage,
in consequence of bad weather. He received (oar dozen
lashes for that offence, end afterwards was kept for several
days a prisoner on deck, abaft, on the stern gratings. The
weather at that time was very cold and boisterous, inasmuch
as ft was inspos-ible to remain on deck without being wet
througb.—What became of that man? He became
insane before he was released from punishment, and
was invalided for being of insane mind.—DO you
recollect a marine of the name of White serving in
her Majesty's ship Childers? I do.—Do you recollect what
became of that man ? He jumped overboard and was
drowned.—Did you hear Commander Pitman my that he
would flog him ? I did ; I heard Commander Pitman say
that he would flog Min,. that he would give him four dozen
to-morrow morning. His offence was, appearing at quieter'
dirty, and with his clothes not mended.—Will you refer to
the log, and state the entry of that event ? " Henry White,
Royal Marine, 424 company, Friday, Sept. 11, 1846, being
found dirty, was ordered forward to wash himself, from
which place he was seen to joints overboard, and was
drowned. Rounded to; let go a life buoy ; shortened all ail ;
lowered jolly-boat; carried away meiatopmart. The weather
was very fine that day, but it had been most severe for many
days before ; in fact, during the whole punsge, we had
the most severe weather, inasmuch as it was impossible to be
on deck without being wet through. We bad been battened
down neer:y all that way.—Wnet time elapsed from the
time of the commander saying be would
verbosrd ? give him four
M dozen,
end his committing the act of jumping oerely
the time of walking from the quarter-deck to the head,
which, being a small vessel, would probably be three or four ,
minute'. Not any inquiry was made, but I remember the
fact of his jumping overboard, in consequence of his being',
told that he should be flogged, was not even named in the
log-book.
The Preeident—Yon could not have put it in the log-book
that he was told he was going to be flogged ?—Witness : it
is pot in the log-book that, in consequence of Henry White
having gone forward dirty (not in consequence of his
being told that be would be flogged), he jumped maw
WO.
Captain Macdougall—No one could know the cassuatelat
man jumping overboard unless you heard it. Yew mown
swear that -he jumped overboard in consequence of the
threatened flogging ?—The Witness I can swear that it was
pat in the log that he was sent forward in consequence of',
hie being dirty.
The President—But you cannot swear that be jumped'
cioard is consequence of his being threatened to be
Bogged, whatever your suspicions may be ; that fa only. a
matter of opinion P—Witams : TAW it the only thing I wish
to make evidence hen; that the thing was hashed up; that
it was merely put down that he was dirty.
lir. Graham—l should wish es elms that part of the ease
sad go to another. Did you ever, during the Imago from
the ManrWas to Hobart Town, see the boys 'stubbed in
the head of her Majesty's ship Childers t—l have never
witnessed their swabbing, but I have sem them come from
It asked.
Usedeagall—Do you mean scrubbed naked —I
inCroattiern *ern to be scrubbed, bat I could never look at
it rape.
'eptain Maitlead—Ton have at men it because you mean
D
it via too hurtful to your feelings? Yes, that is it.—But
',cruaoter saw
oilt. No, I sever saw it, bat I am confident
of its
Mr. Gaia—Do you recollect a boy of the name of
Banger, than serving on board Ste Majesty's ship Childers,