The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-31 00:00:00

close resemblance to the savings bank; but it exists
in doubt and discredit. The difference between the
details of management of the two cases is slight ; so
slight that it will require attention to perceive it. We
have, then, to consider, What is the savings bank ;
what is the benefit society ; what ought the latter to
be; and how is it to be made so ?
The million of depositors, who own upwards of
thirty millions of money, belong to one savings bank
—for there is but one. It has many stations; there
is hardly a country town which has not ita voluntary
collectors, and the paid secretary who manages the
details; still it is all one bank. Who receives the
money so collected ? The government, represented by
the commissioners of the National Debt-office. Who
requires that the accounts shall be strictly furnished, and
from time to time demands searching returns? The go-
vernment. Who pays interest for the money so received,
at a rate above three percent. sufficient to defray charges
of management out of the overplus, and to leave the
poor depositor his clear three per cent, or a little
more Again the Government. Who then keeps
the savings bank, and who checks the collectors?
The Government.
The administration has never received duo praise
for the quiet and efficient manner in which it has
nurtured a system under which a million of persons,
mostly in the poorer classes, have laid by a sum which
would buy the fee simple of the royal revenue. It is
a system, and a national one ; not compulsory, for
all competition is legal ; but having for its principle
the offer of advantages secured by law, on condition
of submitting to certain wholesome regulations. And
so much for the question—What is the savings
beak ? We shall return to the subject.

consideration by his own unaided efforts. In the rude I
struggle of such a life ho seems to have learnt the 1,
true value of education. He left to his executors in-
structions and means to purchase ground and erect
school-buildings at an expense of not less than 2,4001.
(equivalent to 7,0001. at the present day), under the
advice of Sir JOHN POPHAM, then Chief Justice. Not
more than 130 scholars were to be educated together,
and those born or brought up in Tiverton to the age
of six years. Any deficiency in this number might
be made up by " foreigners"—a name including all
save the Tiverton children, limited as above. The
rich were not to be preferred to the poor in the selec-
tion of scholars. The school was to be " free." The
donor's words are solemn and emphatic on this point.
After fixing the masters' salaries, he proceeds : " And
my hope is, that they shall themselves be satisfied and
content with that recompense for their trouble, with-
out seeking or exacting any more, either of parents or
children, which procureth favour to givers, and the
contrary to such as do not or cannot give ; for my
meaning is, that it shall be for ever a free school, and
not a school of exaction." There was, besides, a do-
nation of 201. annually for apprenticing four poor
boys of Tiverton in husbandry ; and a bequest of
2,0001. for exhibitions at Oxford and Cambridge and
the purchase of lands for the maintenance of six scho-
lars at those Universities.
The annual income of the school now amounts to
1,1271.
This is an enlarged and noble bequest. Who can
question the testator's intentions ? Is it not apparent
that they were to provide a free education, according
to the notions of the period, for Tiverton ; one which
should include rich and poor, but which was espe-
cially meant for the poor? PETER BLUNDELL had
perhaps in his own upward effort felt the want of
early instruction, and determined, with the pious
gratitude more common then than now, to
smooth the path of future aspirants like him-
self. He founded a rich endowment, with
stately buildings and ample revenues, for the
poor of Tiverton. The rich who might come must
come on the same terms as the poor, and receive
education without tendering their fee. It was to be,
in the fullest sense of the word, a free school. Such
was emphatically and obviously the " founder's in-
tention." What is the present position of the school?
The founder's directions have been rigidly adhered to,
as far as the limitation of studies to Latin and Greek.
The educational cycle of 1601 remains unenlarged in
1846. The effect is worthy of note. That training
which in the seventeenth century was given to all
classes who received any education whatever, in
the nineteenth is confined to the higher orders and
upper division of the middle class. The poor of Tiver-
ton gi:adually dropped off from the school. The instruc-
tion offered was useless to them. Foreigners flocked in.
But it was no longer a free school. They paid, if not
for tuition, for board and lodging. They were in fact
boarders, and added handsomely to the masters' and
ushers' incomes. And now, probably, not one poor
boy of Tiverton is taught in that school which PETER
BLUNDELL intended for the poor boys of Tiverton
before all others. And all this flows from adherence
' to what are called "founder's intentions," but
what arc really founder's directions. The end
is lost sight of in attention to preserve the
means unaltered. A result the very opposite
of what PETER BLUNDELL meant is arrived at
by the rigid carrying out of what PETER BLUNDELL
wrote. Latin and Greek made up the school educa-
tion of PETER BLUNDELL'S time. Science and the
modern languages were not thought of as branches
of early training. The former was the special pur-
suit of a few, the latter was only acquired by foreign
trash. Because it was so in 1601, our law delares it
must be so in 1846. The Court of Chancery has no
power to interfere, so as to change the directions of
the founder. It often does change them, and, in so
doing, violates law in the name of law, unless
where power of alteration is given to trustees,
and the court interferes merely to set them
in motion. But as a general rule, as the
law now stands the Court of Chancery is powerless ;
visitors are powerless; trustees are powerless to alter
the formal discipline of charitable school endowments.
This may confine the master to DoNArcs and CHEKE'S
grammar. In that case he is barred from &rater and
.Nlarrnt.E. Of course, in a multiplicity of cases, the
law is evaded or violated. But, strictly speaking,
unless in execution of positive and peculiar powers,
no class or court in the country has authority
to alter the most formal tittle of such be-
quests. The result has been that, in some
cases, good has been done by violation of the law ; in
others, and that the majority of instances, schools
have dwindled down to a clerical master and usher in
the receipt of large salaries for doing nothing, a
school-house in ruins, a body of trustees in occupation
of school lands, at nominal rents, and a population
undisciplined, brutal, and dependent for their reading
and writing on the parroting of the national, or the
imbecility of the dame's, school. There is ;but one
remedy for such a state of things. It is to be found
in the appointment of a minister and board of educa-
tion, with a general act to place under their control
the educational endowments of the kingdom. Such
an act should confer the very widest powers of alter-
ing and remodelling the condition of such endow-
ments, in accordance with founders' intentions, but
without regard to special plans. Such a measure
would be a boon to the country, and would place at its
command an income which would go far to defray the
expenses of a national education. But the bill would
be useless without the board. We trust that when
the subject of education comes under ministerial
cognisance, this most important branch of it will
receive its due share of attention.

ALTIIOUGII the more recent intelligence from Portu-
gal reprotents the insurrectionary movement against
the late measures of the Court, and of the Government,
which it forcibly installed, as more and mordformi-
dable each day, nevertheless the banner hoisted by
the inatugents is not of so dangerous or subversive a
character as that previously raised. In the first
impulse of indignation, some of the provincial juntas
proposed no Is than the deposition of the Queen,
and the proclaiming of her infant son to be Regent;
and an uncle of her Majesty was found to give his

countenance to such a scheme. Had it become popu-
lar, and been generally persevered in, not only might
the struggle itself in Portugal havcbeen more fierce, but
it might have given pretext and rise to those projects
of foreign intervention, of which rumour ran not only
in Madrid and in Paris, but even upon our own
Exchange.
Tho Conde DE LAS AsrAs, the able ex-minister of
war, having put himself at the head of the Oporto
insurrection, dissuaded it, and the popular party in
general, from this extreme. And with it must disap-
pear the chief pretext, which the French and the
Madrid Afranresados might have seized for planning,
or at least menacing, an armed intervention in Portu-
gal. We need not say how any such scheme would
have implicated us. The recent conduct of France in
the matter of the Spanish marriages, cannot but render
the English government less tolerant than usual of
French encroachment or dictation : and the alterna-
tive of either permitting, or forcibly resisting, French
or Hispano-French intervention in Portugal would
have been forced upon us.

From this the firmness and address of the Conde
DE LAS Avrts has apparently saved both us and the
peninsula. The Portuguese Court is in this more
fortunate than the Spanish. It has gmndees, who have
influence not only by their position and fortune, but
who have joined to these advantages political expe-
rience, as well as efforts and sacrifices made in the
Liberal cause. Whenever, therefore, a political party
rises and becomes formidable from numbers, from
passion, or popular support, there is never wanting a
grandee to pass over to it, assume the lead, and, in
conforming to its liberal desires, and apparently to
its popular frenzy, this personage is enabled to direct
and divert it from any dangerous or extreme path.
The Portuguese Liberal is no doubt thus often
baulked of his aim ; but, at the same time,
he is preserved from falling into any of those great
excesses or irredeemable blunders which prove so
often the grave of revolution in other countries.
On the other hand, the Court of Lisbon has not, as
was reported, gone the length of demanding the aid
of an armed intervention from Spain. It has merely
asked the " approximation of the Spanish troops to the
frontier, in order that such a demonstration might

afford a moral support to the Court of Lisbon."
Such, we learn from the Elixtnet, was the nature of
the demand of the Portuguese Envoy, with which the
Spanish cabinet has thought fit to comply.
Meantime the war between the parties in Portugal
is carried on by an exchange: of most furious and de-
fiant proclamations. The Court distrusting the
national guard, composed of the citizens at large,
has formed two yeomanry corps, one of the court
tradesmen, the other of the clerks in public offices.
And King FERDINAND menaces, ib pompous phrase,
to put himself at the head of these combined forces of
clerks and purveyors. Alas, poor Portuguese Royalty !
Has the sapient King of the FRENCH, and his cheva-
lier of the Legion of Honour, GONZ.tLES BRAVO,
brought thee to this?
The worst consequence of all this weakness and
ridicule is ita tendency to resuscitate the Miguelite
faction. The mere continuance of a fair, free,
mild, and constitutional government would have
extinguished a body so void of hope, and so
contemptible in numbers. The last insurrection
however, betrayed the fact, that CABRAL'S
fiscal and administrative despotism had caused
the Miguelites in the northern provinces to
take fresh root and conceive new hopes. And the
present insurrection has revealed a still more dis-
graceful sign, in all the hangers-on of the old court,
and the population depending on it, at Cintra, and
other royal residences, rising up and hoisting the
Miguelite banner without fear of either the Queen
or the Liberals. However, it will require a longer
perseverance in blunders, in fiscal avarice, and con-
tempt of constitutional forms on the part of the
Queen, to give preponderance to the sacerdotal and
almost defunct part of the Absolutists.
For the present, much reliance may be placed on
the moderation and true liberalism of LAB ANTAL
With him at the head of one army, and SALDANHA
beading that of the court, the popular insur-
gents on one side, and King FERDINAND'S army
of court purveyors on the other, will not be allowed
to come to blows. When the relative strength of
each is measured, the weakest must submit. The
only hope for Donna MARIA is her doing so with all
the sincerity possible, at least for a certain portion
of time.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday by
our usual express.
The Journal des Debats has at length expressed its
sentiments respecting the royal counter-revolution in
Portugal. Assuming, as we think we may do, that
the article before us was written with the full know-
ledge of the view taken of the affair by the French
government, it is very important, as showing that
there is no probability of any misunderstanding be-
wen the cabinets of England and France as to the
policy to be pursued on the occasion. The Debats
declares, in the strongest terms, that it disapproves of
the conduct of the Queen, and as positively asserts
that the coup &Rat which she has attempted has not
the sanction of the French government. Our contem-
porary says:

"We take but little interest in the destiny of the coup
d'etat which has just been attempted in Portugal by one of
the old satellites of Radicalism, Marshal Saldanha. The
Queen is playing a part that may east her her crown. The
National even thinks that it may cost still dearer to this im-
prudent princess. We trust, however, that in this latter
respect the National and its correspondent maybe mistaken,
and that the Portuguese will not, whatever may happen,
sully themselves with a useless and absurd crime. A country
which changes its constitution nearly every year, and which
does nothing but float between coups d'etat of the club and
coups d'etat of the palace, has no right to show itself so
rigorous. As for us, we have already said, it is impossible
for us to see our way in this labyrinth of intrigues and re-
volutions, which are called in Portugal the constitutional
monarchy. A few months back a minister who appeared
to be deficient neither in ability nor energy, Costa Cabral,
an old clubbiat, was overthrown by a riot. Matters went
on neither much better nor much worse in consequence.
The fall of Costa Cabral brought to Portugal neithera liberty
the more, not did it prevent the treasury from remaining
empty as usual. Is it to fill it that the Queen, aided by
Marshal Saldanha, has thought fit to strike a coup (Pilot, and
add another revolution to so many preceding outs? Such a
mode rarely succeeds ; it appears destined this time also to
have a miserable result, and we shall not be sorry for it. We
do not like these pretended strokes of authority, which
always have the pretext of strengthening liberty, but which
commence by suspending all kinds of liberty, and all kinds
of right. A suspended constitution is a destroyed one. The
liberty of the press and the liberty of the subject no longer
exist in Portugal ; that is perfectly clear to us in the coup
d'etat of Lisbon, and it is on that account that from the first
moment, notwithstanding the magnificent promises con-
tained in the proclamations and decrees of the Queen, we
greeted with the most profound distrust this kind of counter-
party of Radical revolutions. We need not add, that it is
absurd to impute to the French government the slightest
part in the imbroglio of Lisbon."

A CASE has just been decided by Sir LANCELOT
SHADWELL which illustrates straingly some effects of
the present law as to educational endowments.
This was an information by the ATTORNEY-OE2CE-
.

RAL, at the relation of two of the principal inhabitants
of Tiverton, in Devonshire, for the purpose of obtain-
ing a direction from the Court to alter the rules of
Tiverton school, so that its benefits should be con-
fined to free-scholars, the children of townspeople,
and the system of education extended to include the
modem languages.
The history of the school is a striking one.
It illustrates the noble sense of the import-
ance
of education, and that liberality in providing
means for it which marked the 16th and 17th cen-
turies. Contracted as the common notions of edu-1

rational processes might be at that time, it is unde-
niable that our own. days seldom witness such an
enlightened and unsparing direction of charity
towards this all-important end as was then of every-
day occurrence.

Tiverton school was founded by will, of 9th June,
1599, by PETER BLUNDELI., A native of the town,
who had raised himself from poverty to wealth and

The Press(' in a notice of the leading articles of the
London journals of Monday on the Spanish question,

observes that the English publicists are becoming The only fact announced in this news favourable to
much more mild and rational ; but that it is neverthe- the Queen's cause is, that the Bank of Lisbon had
less true that some of the English papers have used advanced their funds, which were the more necessary
foul and insulting language towards Louis Philippe. as the troops had been unpaid.
TheCummeree, noticing the contradiction, from author- The Clamor Public° staves that the capital is so
ity, of the assertion that the Marquis of Normanby beset by insurgent guerilla parties, that it is impos-
had been engaged in an intrigue to overthrow M. Bible to proceed two leagues from it without en-
Guizot, and form a Mole administration, and the countering them. Those of Cintra and others, amount-
statement that Lord Brougham was at Cliamplatreux ing to 1,200 or 1,500 in number, had a skirmish with a
with Count Mole, as a party to this reported intrigue, body of about 800 men, at two leagues and a half
persists in thinking that it really existed, and is now from the capital, in which the Colonel was wounded.
&avowed only from policy. The Commerce persists El pearl,. announces that the Baron de Wilda&
also in saying, that the declaration of Lord Brougham had presented a note to the Spanish government
Dot being in France when the Marquis of Normanby demanding that troops should be advanced to the
went to Champlatrenx is false, and, as a proof that frontier of Portugal.
Lord Brougham was in France, mentions the fact of Viscount Vinhaio was at the head of 3,000 men
his having left Paris for Cannes. Everybody knows at Braganza, and was said to be faithful to the
that his lordship was in Paris a short time ago, but Queen, and was said to have marched already against
he did not arrive here from England until atter the the insurgents.
visit of Lord Normanby to Count Mole. El Clamor Public° stated, that according to letter
The Orleans to Bordeaux Railway Company has received, the 22nd from Lisbon, the Queen of Porta-
published an account of the damage which the line gal had departed, on the 17th, for Cintra.
has suffered by the inundations. It is between Blois Private letters from Lisbon of the 17th, mention
and Tours that the danger was greatest, and the alarm a report that Baron Das Antes had written to the
most intense. On the morning of Oct. 22, the Cisse, Queen to explain his conduct; the intelligence of
a little river which falls into the Loire below Vouvray, this step, which would be one of great importance,
had overflowed its banks, and flooded all the country requires confirmation. The most contradictory
between Vouvray and Amboise. This event covered reports on the situation of Portugal were in circula-
the railway, and forced the trains from Tours and tion at Madrid, but the actual intelligence was an
1110111 to put back to their starting point. Later on serious, as to cause a Cabinet Council to be held there
the same day the Loire broke through the dyke for a on the subject on the 23rd. No demand had yet been
space of more than two hundred yards. As the line made, but as a measure of precaution, it was re-
was lower than the spot where the water rushed in, quired that troops should be concentrated on the
the river swept away the station, and covered the line frontier. The public securities at the Madrid Bourse
with a vast lake between Amboise and Vouvray, for sustained their prices. The Three-per-Cents. were
a space of about 16 kilometres (ten English miles). done at 34: to a. After the Bourse they were
Means of saving life were then organised, and, in at 34k.
consequence, no life was lost on the line. The waters It is said to be untrue that Don Pedro has been
of the Loire widened the breach, and deepened it proclaimed; the insurgents only demand that things
about 20 feet, until it came to a level with the bed of be re-established as they were on the 7th Oct.
the river. The waters then beat with such force on the The Portuguese Government have already expended
line as to tear away the iron sleepers and chairs for six millions of reals which the Spanish Govern-
more than 100 yards. The station of Amboise is meat had sent them, to effect the counter-revolution.
completely ruined ; waggons have been carried away
to immense distances ; platforms have disappeared ;
and the turn-tables are rendered unfit for service.

.--
The bridge of Nlontlouis has resisted the violence of
the waters, and the terminus at Tours has escaped
damage. The company, the statement declares, has
adopted measures to remedy as speedily as possible
the interruption thus caused on the line. From to-
morrow a regular service is to be established on the
line between Blois and Limeray. At Limeray
steamers will carry the passengers to Montlouis,
and from that spot trains will carry them on to Tours.
The Commerce de Dunkerque announces that the
Minister of War has lately concluded a contract with
the house of Rothschild for a large quantity of corn,
to be delivered at Dunkirk, several cargoes of which
were expected daily from Antwerp.
The Cologne Gazette states that a change of Minis-
ters is about to take place in the Grand Duchy of
Baden, in consequence of the opposition in the Second
Chamber of the States having gained so much ground.
The Mannheim jimmud states that a constant inter-
change of couriers is going on between the Courts of
Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and Turin, in consequence of
the state of affairs in Switzerland.

The Madrid journals of the 22d contain no news of
interest in them as regards Spain. In the Madrid
Gazette there is an announcement of new honours

conferred nix; persons who have taken an active part
in promoting the marriage of the Duke de Montpen-
sier ; and one of the journals states that his Royal
Highness, before he left Madrid, presented to each of
the great officers of the household a snuff-box, with
the portrait of the King of the French set round
with brilliants. The Spanish funds have not been
affected by the news from Portugal.
We have received through Spain the Dian.° do
Govern() of Lisbon of the 17th. The followinf is the
account given of the arrest of the Duke de Terceira

at Oporto :
" On the 9th the Duke arrived at Oporto in the Mindello
steamer, acempanied by the officers of his staff, and by the
Count de Santa-Maria; and several officers who were going'to
join the army. At four o'clock in the afternoon some per-
sons went on board to compliment him on his arrival. Ho
then landed, and went to the house of the Count de Ter-
ceira. On the approach of night some armed groups began
to move about the city. About five hundred persons pro-
ceeded to the residence of the Duke, and arrested him, and
all who were with him. After loading them with insults,
the assailants took them on foot to the Château de For. An
assassin attacked the General with a sabre, and wounded
him in the hand. Some of the officers who landed were
murdered; one was drowned iu endeavouring to get on
board the steamer. A few made their escape, and all the
others were imprisoned."

Such is the account given by the government of
'Lisbon ; it differs materially from what has been
stated in private letters. From another source we
receive the following proclamation issued at Oporto
by the provisional Junta
' Portuguese ! The foreigners who inhabit the palace and
the factious partisans of the Cabral ministry have committed
a great outrage. They have constrained the Queen to act as
they wished, and torn from her her royal signature ; they
have arrested the President of the Council in order to get
rid of the ministers who had so faithfully performed their
duty, and appointed others whose intentions it will be easy
to judge of by their acts. The Ministry has suspended the
liberty of the press and dissolved the national guards. Such
is the government which has put lying wonls into the mouth
of the Queen, stating that the change which has taken place
is not a reaction against the people. It is thus, that these
cheats belie by their first acts their last words; it is thus,
that these councillors do honour to the royal word. Dona
Maria 11., the constitutional Queen, is a prisoner in her
palace on Portuguese ground. The Queen has been con-
strained ; liberty is in peril ; it is therefore a sacred duty in
all to rush to arms in the name of liberty and the Queen.
I Portuguese, to arms until victory, has been obtained. Brave
and heroic nation, raise your hands and your enemies will
fall into dust. Long live the Queen, long live the constitu-
tional
charter, long live the Portuguese people, long live the
provisional junta."
It will be seen that there is nothing in the above pro-
elamation—which is signed by the Count des Antes, as
President, by Jore Silva Passim, as Vice-President,
and by Sebastian de Almeida y Breto, Francisco
de Paula, Lobo de Avila, and Justina Ferries
Quinto Basto, the other members of the junta—
about tho dethronement of the Queen ; on the con-
trary, the appeal to the people is made as for the
purpose of removing her from constraint. This, of
course, is merely an act of policy, but it shows that her
name was considered necessary for the insurrection. If
the provisional junta has pronounced her dethrone-
ment, it musthave been subeequentto the above procla-
mation to the Portuguese people. There are several
paragraphs in the Madrid journals of the 22d relative
to Portugal • but, after the disturbed accounts which
they have already given, they are to be received with
doubt. The /Tempo states that the Queen, now that the
coup creed had proved a failure, had called upon the
Duke de Palmella to advise her as to the best way of
getting out of her difficulties. The Clamor Publico
states the whole province of Algarves has declared for
the insurrection, and that a junta has been formed.
The same journal announces that the troops of the in-
surrection had entered Cases" and that the few troops
forming the garrison of Lisbon were in great alarm of
being speedily attacked. The opposition journals gene-
rallymention a report that the Queen has applied to the
Spanish Government for aid, and one alludes to a
report of Spanish troops having entered Portugal,
but observes that it is not entitled to much credit.
The Herald° informs us that most of the Spanish
refugees at Lisbon had been put on board the Por-
tuguese vessels of war in the Tagus, and that several
persons of revolutionary opinions had been arrested.
A letter from Lisbon, of the I ith, states that a
body of 700 insurrectionary troops had approached
within twelve miles of the capital, where they met
with a mach larger body of the troops of the Govern-
ment. After a battle, in which a great many men
were killed on both sides, the insurrectionary force
was driven back.

MONTREAL, Ocr. 13.
The news of Lord Metcalfe's death has arrived
since my last. It hail been, of course, long expected, and
was felt here, as at home, by his friends to be a relief to their
feelings as it was to himself from those indescribable suffer-
ings which he so magnanimously bore. The kindest feelings
reign here in the breasts of all parties toward the individual ;
but as a governor, sent here to settle difficult questions, it is
not felt that he advanced, or defined within practicable
limits, env principle that could be useful to his successors.
Could he have remained longer iu the country, I believe
he would have accomplished much, for he was a good man,
that is to ray, he meant well ; and as lie was in politics a
really liberal man, I think he might have gained a victory
over himself and become reconciled with those with whom
he quarreled. He is no more—peace to be his tisanes! His
munificent charity will be remembered when all he did or
attempted in politics shall be forgotten.
I have very little in the way of political news to give you.
The re-organisation of the miUta proceeds slowly. It is
raid that Lord Elgin remains in England to complete some
matrimonial negotiations. Should he happily bring these
to the point of consummation, it will give no small delight
to the fair of Montreal, who have not been treated to such
• pastime as a ball at the government house, since the days
of the lamented Sir Charles and Lady Bagot, which is over
three years ago. Within the week we have had an attempt
at highway robbery, in which two pistols were discharged
at the luckless wight, selected for plunder, but he drove
away with a lady by his side. This occurred in daylight,
in tne ordinary drive round the mountain; a drive that
every stranger takes, and the citizens frequently. The
police seem to take the matter very easily, and philosophical
thinkers are of opinion that the event clearly establishes one
satisfactory result, via., that in the estimation of highway-
men, the citizens of Montreal are getting rich enough to be
stopped on the road. Meanwhile, railroads, the best preventive
after all against these casualties of the road. are in progress.
' That of the Portland line has been actually commenced.
That for Halifax is in full progress of survey, and the British
government, it is said, are pledged to lend their utmost
efforts to promote its success. We have had some hurricanes
and many disasters to the shipping at sea and in the river
we hear of; and it is blowing something very like a hurri-
cane at the present moment. The season has been one of
unusual drought, but the farmer has not complained,
although the traveller by running streams has, on account of
the lowness of the water, which impeded navigation. Mer-
-1 eantile matters are proceeding with more regularity and
satisfaction. Lord Cathcart drives into town regularly every
' other day in his open barouche, and transacts business at the
government offices, and all persons seam to regard the vete- ,
ran soldier with respect. The leaves have changed colour
within the week. The autumnal brown has visited our
fields and forests, and winter is surely approaching with I
rapid strides. In another month a mantle of virgin white
will envelop the far and near londscape, and for the five
succeeding months snow-drifts will be the lot of the way-
farer. I can imagine no other topic upon which I can
address you, and must, therefore, until times of more stirring
nterest arrive, desi,t. X.

GERMANY.—VIESSA, OCT. 19.—Authentic ac-
counts from Montenego say that the Vendika is on his way
to Vienna. It is stated that he arrived at Trieste, and is
expected here to-morrow or the next day. With respect to
the illness of the Grand Duchess, daughter of the Grand
Duchess Helen of Russia, there are no hopes of her recovery.
Her Highness is labouring under pulmonary consumption,
which is peculiarly fatal in Vienna to some constitutions.
It appears that his Majesty the Emperor has resolved to
introduce oral proceedings in all civil muses. This reform,
which is of immense importance to the hereditary states,
will be hailed by all the inhabitants of the empire as the be-
ginning of a new era. The tedious mode of proceeding
hitherto in use had given great power to the lawyers, and,
especially in the capital, enabled them to accumulate great
wealth.

VIENNA, Ocr. 20.—The society of the Trieste Lloyd
Dispatches send a steamer on the 2Gth of every month to
Alexandria, there to wait fur the arrival of the mail from
Calcutta by the Red Sea, so that the central states of Europe
have now an opportunity of corresponding with India. As
Trieste is in constant correspondence with Alexandria, this
arrangement is very judicious, sad may tend to promote the
hoped for change in the course of the Overland Mail.

BERLIN, Ocr. 22.—The mission of the Duke
Decazes, to Austria and Russia, has met with some impedi-
ments • the Cabinets of Vienna and St. Petersburg, it is
said having spoken very decidedly on a certain transaction.
Ocr. 24.—The Grand Duke Constantine, who has
been residing in this capital for some time, and, as we hear,
returns to St. Petersburgh at the latter end of this month, is
reported in the higher circles to have been betrothed, during
his visit at Weimar, to the youngest daughter of the reigning
Duke of Saxe Altenburg. His bride, the Princess Alexandra,
WU born on the 18th of July, 1830, consequently she is in
her 17th year.
11.tmaultcrt, Ocr. 26.—A letter in the German
Alkeincine Zeilung says :—" I can state to you, from a cre-
ditable private letter from Rome, that the life of the Pope is
not safe. His Holiness has received many warnings, and
must make a virtue of necessity. His dinner is served at
11 o'clock, and remains standing till one, till it is cold ; it is
then examined by a chemist, and warmed on the dinner-
table over a spirit-lamp. His cup of chocolate for breakfast
is prepared by the cameraris in his immediate presence.
When he goes to mar he takes the host, the wine and the
water with him. At a certain convent, where he lately in-
tended to administer the sacrament, he neither performed
the ceremony nor took the usual refreshments. Such is the
life of Pius IX., the greatest benefactor of the RomenStates.
GRAND DUCHY OF BADEN, OCT. 21.—A change
in the Baden cabinet is imminent, partly owing to the con-
tinued opposition manifested to the ministry in the second
chamber. H. Marschall is pointed out as fature Minister
for Foreign Affairs; Baron Dusch is to replace Baron Blit-
tersdorf at Frankfort, the latter to be appointed as ambas-
sador to the French court. _ -

MUNICB, Ocr. 23.—A Royal reecript has just pro-
hibited the exportation of potatoes, conformable to the law
of 18th Oct., 1845, in which Switzerland is this year in-
cluded. _ _ _

The Gazette de Cologne publishes some correspon-
dence, according to which it would appear that the govern-
ments of the two duchies of Mecklenburg Streit: and
Mecklenburg Schwerin were ready to enter into the Cus-
toms Confederation. M. de Luteow, the directing minister,
had brought the negotiations on the subject at Berlin to
such a point, that it was expected the consummation of the
measure might be formally announced on the opening of the
approaching session of the delegates of the Union. It is to
be preceded by the adoption of the monetary system of
Prussia. In order to compass this desired object, the two
Mecklenburg Governments would unite with the bourgeoise
opposition against the old feudal nobility, who are strangely
averse to, and will oppose it.
Letters received at Austrian Lloyd's, at Trieste,
from Galant and Braila, of the 6th Oct., state that the
numerous vessels in those ports of the Danube, arc all
engaged for conveying corn, and that they are difficult to
be procured at exotbitant prices. This, as well as the high
demands of the corn-merchants, is detrimental to an exten-
sion of corn-transactions. At Venice (10th Oct.) another
rise has taken place in the price of corn. In the preceding
week, besides lesser sales,lB,ooo ataja of maize were disposed
of at from 4 to 41 florins, and 1,200 staja of wheat at 6 florins.
Rice, notwithstanding the unusually good harvest, has risen
one lira per sacco in nearly every part of Italy.
The much talked of new German journal, which
was to appear under the title of Deutsche Zeitung, has, it
seems, been given up. A letter from Berlin, from an
authentic source, says that the idea of the journal was
thrown up, owing to the Prussian government having re-
fused certain concessions demanded by the projectors.
SWEDEN.—KORRKOPPING, OCT. 21.—Their Ma-
jesties arrived here the evening before yesterday from Stock-
olm, by way of Tulgarn, and were received with gen^ral
enthusiasm. The town was brilliantly illuminated. The
magistrates and the elders of the city received them at the
gates, and fifty young men on horseback, bearing torches,
conducted them to their apartments. The Queen Dowager
an ived soon afterwards. Yesterday being the 36th anniver-
sary of the landing of the late King in Sweden, a numerous
deputation waited on his Majesty for permission to uncover

The Madrid mails of the 23rd bring intelligence
from Portugal. The Lisbon letters bear date the
17th inst.

Reports of the most alarming kind were in circu-
lation respecting the personal danger of the Queen
of Portugal and the King Consort The King, how-
ever, was still at Lisbon on the 17th, and the Espanol
states that it was improbable that he would proceed
to the seat of the insurrection in the north, as was
previously reported. The insurrection has spread too
widely to leave any hope of suppressing it by the
forces at his disposal. It was not confined to Oporto
or the northers provinces. The central provinces had
also risen, the troops which garrisoned them having
all joined the movement The garrison of the capital
was already so much reduced that it was extremely
improbable that the King would venture to withdraw
from it a force too small to oppose the insurgents,
and the departure of which would leave Lisbon un-
protected. The situation was regarded as becoming
in the highest degree alarming, the insurrection
having spread nearly to the gates of the capital.

the fine statue of Charles John, which has been east at
Munich, at the expense of the town. This permission hav-
ing been given, the ceremony took place with all the pomp
due to the memory of the deceased king.

AMERICA.

The American papers received by the Hibernia
famish us with a mriety of extracts.

CHEAPNESS OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS.—The most
popular daily newspaper printed in the United States is the
New York Sun. The regular morning edition of this paper
exceeds fi:ty-one thousand copies. To print this enormous
diti4 edition requires the constant operation, day and night,
of two fast steam- presses. A third press is used for the
Weekly Sun, having also an unparalleeld circulation. On an-
other press is printed the " T wenty-fi vc cent paper," a monthly
journal. The Sun building is six stories high and one hundred
and thirteen feet long. The secret of the wonderful success
of this great newspaper establishment is Vie Lou' rate of its
publications. The price of the subscription to the Daily
Sun, delivered in any part of New York and surrounding
towns, is but one cent per copy (equal to a halfpenny), nr
three dollars a year (twelve shillings sterling). The ekly
Sun is sent to subscribers in the country for one dollar a year
(or four shillings sterling). The twenty-five cent paper is
published monthly for one shilling sterling a year! The
American Sun is aho published at the same establishment,
and sent to subscribers in Europe fur six shillings sterling
per year.
PLESECUTION AND EXPULSION OF THE MORMONS.—At
length the consequences of citizen being armed against citi-
zen have terminated in a conflict between the Mormons and
anti-Mormons, in which four or five persons have been killed
and several wounded. The immediate result of this intes-
tine war is the expulsion of the Mormons, who surrendered
to the Illinois mob on the 16th September, and evacuated
Nauvoo, intending to follow their brethren into the wilder-
ness. live Mormons remain at Nauvoo to sell their pro-
perty. For some years past a determined body of men have
been organised to compel the Mormons to abandon their
homes and property, and after assassinating their prophet
and part of his family, have actually compelled 20,000 Mor-
mons to flee to the wilderness in poverty and destitution, to
leave their well-cultivated farms, and from competence, ease,
and comfort, they are reduced to the condition of wretched
outcasts.

_
A PROMISING SON.—The following paragraph from the
Boston Daily Times will be news to Lord Brougham :
Lord Brougham's son, who is yet a minor, and consequently
dependent upon his father for support, has been noted some-
what of late for his attention to • young actress in the
French Theatre. His father recently wrote the following
laconic epistle: " If you do not quit nen, I'll stop your
allowance." To which the son replied : "If you do not
double it, I will marry situ." The son will enjoy a seat in
parliament when he becomes of age.
EMIGRATION.—The tide of emigration is now setting
towards lowa and Wisconsin ; the soil is good and the land
cheap, and it will continue to take that direction until the
war in the south closes. A large sale of government lands
will shortly take place in Florida.

TILE INSURRECTION LN CASHMERE.
(From the Bombay Telegraph, Oct. 1.)
" The insurrection in Cashmere is headed by Shikh
Emant-ood-been, the son of the former governor of the pro-
vince; and it is asserted, notwithstanding the strong denial
of Rsjah Lall Singh, that the Lahore Durbar has had some-
thing to do in the way of fomenting the disturbance. It
was at first stated that the Shikh, on the 3rd September,
attacked Rajah Goolab Singh's troops with 12,000 men, took
them by surprise, and detested them, killing several per-
sonages of note. All the British officers, save two, left
Lahore on the commencement of hostilities, and Lieut.
Edwardes proceeded front Lahore to Jamoo--Golab Singh's
hill residence—for the purpose, it is said by some, of taking

measures to ' bring Emam-ood-Dgen to reason." The place
at which the battle took place,' observes the Delhi Gazette,
' is not mentioned, but we presume that it must h aye been in the
neighbourhood of or somewhere beyond l'oonch, as the tribes
of the valley of the Jhelum are specially named as having
joined Emam ood-Deen, and they would hardly have gone so
tar teem their horn..s as to encounter the Marajah's troops in
the defiles leading to the Peer Pinjal Pass. It is said that
in this engagement Goolab Singh lost 400 men, and all his
guns. The whole of the hill chiefs are rumoured to have
risen against him, and to have acknowledged Emant-oad-
Deen as their leader,' professing at the same time the utmost
anxiety to see us their rulers, but protesting against their
being made over to Goolab Singh.' The Rajah has taken
active measures to retrieve this reverse—his son having been
sent off with a reinforcement of 5,000 men. The latest ac-
counts respecting Cashmere affairs arc to be found in the
Delhi Gazette of the 19th inst., from which paper we take
the following extract :
"' An uraee was received from DeWill Hakeem Rae,
stating that when he hurriedly wrote his first letter, regard-
ing the battle between the troops of Goolab Singh with
Sheikh Emomsood-deen, stating the loss at 2000 killed and
wounded on both sides he had not obtained the full particu-
lars ; but that now he was able to say on pretty good infor-
mation that Sheikh Emam-ood-deen having made one march
from Cashmere, was attacked during the night by the troops
of Rajah Goolab Singh. The Sikh being on his guard, de-
boded himself stoutly, and shout 200 people were killed on
both sides. Two officers of rank on the side of Goolab
Singh, and two officers of Sheikh Emam-ood-deep, fell in the
conflict.

" krom Hazareh letters we learn that the Mulkeea peo-
ple are continuing to make head against the authorities of
Goolab Singh, under the leedershipof Moulvec Zamun Alec,
Bewan Hurree Chund is unable to leaveMurkishunghur,
Col. Outtum Singh had gone intothe camp of the insurgents
to try and bring them to reason, but they threatened to
shoot him, and he was glad to return to the fort with his
life. The Mulkeeas are encamped about five koos from the
fort. Rajah Goolab Singh has, it is confidently reported,
ordered more troops towards Hazareh. From 3 ummoo we
learn that Maharajah Goolab Singh, having heard of the de-
feat of his troops by Sheikh Emarn-ood-deen, had ordered a
body of troops towards Cashmere. It is added that his pri-
vate orders to these were on no account to fight the Sheikh,
but merely to prevent his proceeding towards Lahore. Au
Urzec has come in from 13ewan Hakeein Rae, reporting his
arrival at Rajaoree, and his conviction that he would soon be
able to bring down the Sheikh. He was told, in reply, at
once to report any opposition that might be offered to his
return through Sohun Lall to the British authorities.'"
What course will be pursued by the British government
in reference to the Cashmerian Insurrection, does not yet
appear. It would seem, however, that Rajah Goolab
Singh, under the treaty, will have no right to call upon
the British government to assist him in reducing his tur-
bulent subjects to order; so that in all probability our
troops will ere long he again engaged in hostilities,
with the view of forcing an unpopular sovereign on a
miserable and oppressed people. The Equivocal pro-
cedure of re-seating Shah Soojah on the throne of
Cabool, in utter defiance of the wishes of those under
his sway, is about to be re-enacted in the little king-
dom in the north-eastern corner of the Punjaub. It
is lamentable that circumstances should necessitate this
course of policy, for our government should never be per-
mitted to appear as the countenancer or conniver at deeds
of oppression and injustice, or as the ally and supporter of
a native tyrant. It may be said that it is our duty to afford
our aid in putting down rebellion ; but the question arises
whether the insurrection in Cashmere can be correctly cha-
racterised by that term? We confess that we do not think
Lord Hardinge would be justified in re-establishing Goolab
Singh as the ruler of Cashmere without the consent '
of the Cashmerians themselves to his assumption of regal
power. The Rajah may deserve all the commendation that
has been bestowed on him as a chief of superior vigour and
ability ; but common report represents him as being fero-
cious as a wolf and cruel ass tiger; and it may be doubted
whether these little defects in his character do not more
than counterbalance the favourable and recommendatory
attributes. For the British government to sae to the
trembling Cashmerians, " This man we sam't to
be blood-thirsty, grasping, and despotic ; hew ill rule you,
we know, with a rod of iron ; you will be subjected, while
he lives, to the most grinding and hopeless oppression ;
but yet we are bound by treaty to place him securely
on his throne, and lend him our aid to keep him
there; and you must accept him whether you will or
no, or we shall march an army into your country, and spread
desolation far and wide !"—for such an address to be deli-
vered, we say, to these unfortunate people, by our benevo-
lent and upright government, would betoken • strange dis-
regard of moral principle, and departure from those laws
which should govern civilised nations in their intercourse
with their semi-barbaric neighbours. Yet the support of
Goolab Singh would place the British authorities precisely
in the position we have denoted. A " general insurrection "
affords no mean or untrustworthy indication of the state
of public feeling, and the refusal, on the part of our
government, to view it in its proper light, will be tanta-
mount to establishing the doctrine that the strong may be
permitted to tyraanise to any extent over the weak,
if only political circumstances or the requirements
of treaties, render such a course for the time expedient.
The results of our interference it would not be difficult
to foresee. A triumphant march of • British force
into Cashmere—a royal installation, amidst the semblance
of rejoicing, and a striking display of rude grandeur—a
withdrawal, after a while, of our troops—a brief period if
unrestrained oppression on the part of the monarch, and
unparalleled suffering on that of the people—and then a
sudden outbreak and a bold deed of assassination, destruc-
tive of the earthly prospects of the tyrant. These, doubt-
less, would be the leading events of the drama—thus would
the curtain fall on the termination of the mortal career of
Rajah Goolab Singh. We trust that, taking all these little
matters into account, government will allow the Rajah to
settle the existing differences in his own way with his re-
fractory subjects; or at any rate decline to render him the
least assistance till satisfied that the Cashmcrians area little
Inure anxious fur his presence amongst them than would ap-
pear frum the facts now known to be the case.