The Express.
London, England, 1849-07-26 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 26, 1849.

gite erprego.

OUTGOING MAILS.

- - - -
The milk gig Vigo, Op ,t to. Li-Mm, Mitten, evils, awl Gib:altar,
will be weds wptonernow not ram, the 2;th ofJulg.
MAY gew Weltbkh flunk Amer.. sod the I, must ewe wlll be
Nogg bp lagagnerw gyesing, the 27th of July.
The VIM Imes Inzlottiwg begtoods, 1111•111 A, Km"
=l4“/ Wefts*, awl Mesa" ezeiwtsag Moe gee
Lg. Joes.do.•logrogigg, Mw Ocrarda, ULM, sad Furs. via
Is Eels is on the 214 of
Ida maim br hide n. 01=0. and Swan Agee, aUI be made
Was Ma ads of Augndl.
Ms milk rag liararilbs. lb Or Illallarrassaa, Lupe. Callaa.
Una. Ilisad.gass, aa, wild la mai imp ea dr rdesiag of the 7th
arimila Odinitsa, MO. Omsk Wan Idea& Pupa
Oigiss. WI% sal aim dadeismaift ail, Is sada ass ea
smosisi of as IS seisms.

UlOll WATIIIt AT LONDON MEM&
Tom Dam —Armlet. RAI& MA G. Aitmitswas.ll AAA pies a
to. Warm —Wardes. ON. NM vs-`ls.r sea. pail 7

LONDON, THCD3DAY, JULY 26.

Till evasive and equivocal reply given by Sir
GEORGE OMIT to the question put by Mr. BRIGHT
regarding the Orange magistiates of the county of
Down well be read in Ireland with astonishment and
dismay. That an administration which still calls it-
self liberal—which forced its way irto office upon the
very principle that Ireland should be governed by
just and impartial laws, instead of cm rcion towards the
many and connivance at the crimes of the few—that a
government over which Lord Joao RUSSELL presider,
should openly avow in the face of parliament and the
country that they d'd not know whether the ring-
leaders of an affray like that of Castlewellan ought to
be dismissal from the commission of the peace, is, we
must own, the most astounding declaration we have
hoard for some time.
Toe facts of the caw aro too well known. Thu
guilty complicity both before and after the cowardly
massacre of the overmatc!,ed and un•ofwered catholic
party,—of these who are the responsible keepers of
the perm in their district,—is not denied.
Toe Hume Secretary data not think it ne-
cessary or expedient to controvert the fact. But
confessing the truth which he cannot contravene (and
which he may take our word for it shall never be
allowed to be forgotten till ample, though tardy justice
is done), the right hoe. gentleman coolly informs the
Houser of Commons that an investigation has been
cedred by the Lord-Lienterant of Ireland into the un-
fortunate occurrences thct have recently taken place,
and that until the result of that investigation is made
known, her Majesty's government cannot say what
course they may deem it their duty to adept.
Ines Si. GEORGE GREY reaLy imagine that an off-
hand answer like this will satisfy parl•ament, or stifle
the nice of indignant reclamation that has already
rise a throughout every part of Ireland ? Investiga-
tion'—into what? Inquiry into the degree of guilt
or innocence of each of the wretched dupes of the
Orange leaders in the eanguinary conflict at Dolly's
Brae may be all very well as is matter of police or as
an ancillary means of obtaining, whilst the transac-
tions are recent, accurate testimony with a view to
crown prosecutions a: next spring assizes. But es
regards the c -nductof the magestrary, to talk of await-
ing the result of a judicial investigation is an absolute
mockery and farce. Magistrate', whether paid or
napaid, hold their commotsione during plea-
sure evoke the gnat seal. They are account-
able directly, and under all circumstances, to the
Luau CHANCELLOR for their conduct in the adminis-
tration of foie trust. When any accusation is
brought against a magistrate, the invariable pr.etice
has always been theist the instance of the executive
government a letter is addressed to the individuslin-
culpated by the Loin CHANCELLOR, inquiring
whether certain statements made rest. e. ting
him are true ; and upon his admission
el their accuracy, a reperactleas is directed
forthwith to issue from the proper office. This was
the ernes pursued in tie cac of Sir WILLIAM
VERNIUI. whose h'ghtst offence was the giving of an
Orarge toast, and in the case of Lord Franscu for
attending a repeal meeting. No investigation was
ever thought of throe; no pretence was ever made of
its Leeseaty. 'The right of the government to judge
fee Setif and upon its own responsibility, of who
shoal be entrusted by it with subordinate authority,
was never cootested. Men differed is to the
wisdom of the stecific course adopted in each
ewe; bat nobody dreamed of setting up such
a plea fur delsy as the ne el of a preliminary investi-
gation. Ye: these were eases where the MOM• d ill
consequences of the acts complained of might plau-
sibly furnish matter of c tntroversy. The sentiments
expressed brmdLord Freemen and Sir W. VERNER
might have an evil tendency ; but they were not
addressed to assemblage sof armed men. The future
effects of their speeches might have been sedi-
tious, but they were not delivered on the very
day and hoar of known and preconcerted
battle. The consequent*, in these instances
might have been eventually dangerous to the public
tranquillity, but at worst they were not imminent,
present, and indisputable. If Lord NORMANDY and
Lord Da GREY did not wait for judicial investigation
in dealing with such comparatively doubtful and
venial aberrations from the cautious path of magis-
terial dui., what is the meaning of the hesitation
which ministers ascribe to Lord CLARENDON ?
We will not do Lord CLARENDON the injustice of
believing that the indecision thus manifested in
this matter is justly attributab"e to him. All his
professed opinions, all his past conduct, are pledges
that neither personal friendship nor mere party
convenience would, on questions of vital moment to
the deepest interests of the country he has been ap-
pointed to govern, sway or pervert him. He has
occupied the chief pier long enough in the govern-
ment of Ireland to know that any attempt to revert
to the atrocious policy of sectarian exclusion and
ascendancy coos. inevitably fail. though probably not
before it had dyed the soil with blood, and saddled
the resources of the empire with an additional load of
shameful debt. Lord CLARENDON is too shrewd
an observer of public opinion in England
not to know that if there is one thing
more than another about which all thinking
men of all classes ar.d parties in this country are
agreed, it is this, that it is not worth while trying'
to hold Ireland in subjection, either by fraud or force;
and he knows well that Orangeism is an amalgam of
the two. We discard altogether, therefore, as wholly
incredible, the suggestion put forward by the Dublin
.Eeening Mail and other tory journals, that the Lord-
Lirtenant of Ireland is in any way answerable, by
private encouragement or otherwise, for the
revival of that odious organisation which all
his predecessors during the last twenty years
have sought to put down, and whose MIS
fruits, in its newly resuscitated form, has been
the carnage of Ifaghera-mayo. We challenge the
sulky and treacherous faction, who would thus abuse
the name of the viceroy for their own bad purposes,
to the
,FooL How has Orangeiam been fostered,
favoured, or fomented by Lord CLARENDON? When,
how, and where ? We shall await reply.
Meanwhile, however, let so man who feels that
Roman catholic life is as sacred in the eye of the law
as that which flows in Protestant veins,—let no
man who has read with horror and disgust the
tale of ruffian cruelty and outrage committed by the
followers of the Orange magistrates of Castlewellan—
let no man who shudders at the certain and accumu-
lating weight of popular hatred and revenge which
will arise in every part of Ireland if prompt and
peremptory measures be not taken to sever all sem-
blance of connexion between the Queen's government
and the local authorities who were admitted by pieties
to the illegal assemblage in question brn be
no man who values the peace of the nation, or the
honour of the crown, abstain from urging epos
ministers the performance of that which it is their
plain duty to do.
The subject will be brought before the Hasse se
Commons this evening by Mr. REYNOLDS. WM her
that every friend of right and justice will be at his
Pitt

THE ultra-tories and their prints have made as bad
a campsign in foreign policy u they have done in
protection ; and their ill success is more to their
shame, far public opinion, at the commencement of
the year and session, was certainly not a little dis-
gusted with foreign liberalism. The scenes of Paris,
the sayings and doings not only of the mob
and of its leaders, but of the representative assem-
blies themselves in the French and Prussian
capitals, proved more than an antidote to the liberal
sympathise of Englishmen. And even where na-
bons stood out, as in Italy and Hungary, for a
jest, a legal, and constitutional CAW, their legitimate

resistance was confounded with the wilder aims and
extravagant theories of democracy run mad.
A great many circumstances had much con-
tribut.d to weaken Lord PALMERSTON'S posi-
tion. The too manifest reaults of his Siss-
yish policy, the failure of hie Italian and
Danish mediation, the g' nerous but irretrievable
mistake which he had made in trusting to the skill
and prowess of an Italian army, and to the f ,rtuce
of an Italian cause—all these, coupled with the false
step of interference at Messina, had certainly exposed
the weak aide of our foreign minister to the attacks
of his fo.s. And had they been possessed of the re-
quisite talent, knowledge, with purposes of their own
more fit to command respect than a mere primal
I hatred to a minister and a resuscitation of the old
principles of the Holy Alliance, they could not but
have triumphed. All these advantages the Oriel' have
misused and thrown away. Notwithstanding the
most powerful support from the old organs of the
press, notwithstanding their apprcpreation of Lord
ABERDEEN, who deserted the prudent banner
of Peen, and the moderation of diplomatic
language for the rabid frenzy and per
inveteracy of Lord STANLEY—aII this,
instead of winning the cause of tories is foreign
policy, has decidedly lost it. Their writers in the
press, and their orators in parliament, in fact, over-
shot the mark. The spirit which they di-played, and
the language which they used during the struggle of
the Ramans sgthast the coalition of French re-
publicanism and Neapolitan cardinals, disgusted
every one. The invasion of the Cossacks has
equally aroused general sympathies for Hungary,
and a 'Asian which opened in the midst of
public apathy or disgust fix the struggles of foreiga
liberalism has terminated b general and grow.ng
sentiment in their fare ur both within and without the
walls of parliament.
Nothing can equal the mortification of the leaders
of this ennuis to find how completely they are
routed. Finding that every party and peva to are
united against them, they exclaim against the identity
of sentiments between lordly whigs and lowly
radicals. As if such unanimity was not a roof how
completely these tory re actionests had gone astray. It
is plain that they cannot get spa party in this country
for the re-estahlishment of Basilan and Austrian ab-
solutism over Europe.
We repro-ented that absolutism as equity de-
structive of aristocratic independence as of democratic
rights. And this is made a subject of reproach, and
is mixed with the vulgar falsehood of ac 'using
the Hungarians of having made an aristocratic
resistance to reform and to equality of taxation. The
contrary is the truth. In past times the Hungarian
magnates took the lead in resisting the imperial pre-
tensions of the House of HAPSBURG, just as our
Barons opposed King JOHN, or as numbers of our
aristocracy took part against our CHARLES THE PIRA?
and JAMES THE SECOND. But during the last years
the progress of the Hungarians, even in the ea
Diet, previous to the revolution, has been to
do away gradually with the undue privilesges
cf tae aristocracy, and mak that institution
harmonise with the cla's's beneath it in social mil-
lions, as well as in the working of a free constitution.
It is against this that Austria has taken arme,and that
Russia abets it. It is a crusade not men ly against
democracy, but against an aristocracy, that dares to
be liberal. And with perfect consistency we denour.cr
the Austro-Russian crusade as destructive of the
'rights of upper ss well as of lower classes, and indeed
as favouring nothing but a rigime of general officers
and court functionaries. This is what the Times
abets, and what that journal lends its aid to restore,
although it constitutes the most retrograde and de-
spotic form of government on record, being the same
form which exists in Turkey, in Persia, and in
Huai&
The Times accuses Hungary of not submitting to
Austrian taxation, and adopting Austrian menoputies.
This is jack the difference between acourtier aristocracy
sad an independent one. The former prey on the
public revenue, and of course gladly vote its increase.
The latter are forced to pay for such expenditure,
and, therftwe, are tax- iontrollers, not tax-v.itere.
'l he Hungarians through the war dissuaded Austria
from the expense and idle crusade which it
undertook against France. Why should they pay for
what they disapproved of?
Hungary has always been an economical, a free,
an u&ndebted country, richer in products than
Austria, and wanting for their development merdy
that emancipation of asserts which KOSSUTH deneed.
Hungary free, would exchange those products for
the manufactures of more civilised nations, as Count
Tannic and M. POLTISKI explained last night at the
Lori Mayor's diner. But subject Hungary to
Austria. and the latter will soon establish prohibitions,
and force the establish meet of manufactures, in ord-r
to render trade impweible, and keep the country on
the Lower Danube as poor and as benighted as that
on the Upper Danube has been kept.
The cause of Hungary is, in fie', that of religious,
social, political, and commercial freedom united.

This morning Lord BROUGHAM'S motinn for de-
livering gaols by more frequent sessions and assizes
to be held in conjunction with the county courts, comes
ea
for consideration in the House of Lards. It is
Enoch to be regretted that so important a proposition
se this should have come before the legislature at so
late a period of the session, especially as other mea-
sures having the same object in view, but open to the
mot 'potions objections, have been urged forward with
no
slight assiduity. The object of this resolution, as
our readers will perceive, is the same as that contem-
plated by the Juvenile Offenders and Petty Larceny Bills
now condensed into one, and brought forward under the
auspices of the ATTORNRY and SOLICITOR.ORNERAL.
The legislature is thus called upon to consider, and,
but for the somewhat abrupt termination of the ses-
sion, would have had to determine, uponthe merits of
these two rival schemes for bringing criminal offenders
more speedily to trial. We think there is bat little
room for hesitation in choosing betwee r them. The
jurisdiction of the county courts has now, at a great
labour and expense, been carefully meted out over the
face of the whole country. Able and respectable
judges and officers have been appointed, and the
whole thing placed on a broad, substantial, and sys-
tematic footing. From the debate which occurred
some days since in the House of Commons, on the
County Court Amendment Act, it is evident that,
during the course of next session, their jurisdiction
will be extended to MI. and by bills now before
parliament, and which may probably be passed befiae
this session closes, it will receive important exten-
sion. From all this it is clear that, before long, these
courts will become the great means of administer-
ing the law throughout the country ; and that
es such that they will be presided over by
judges of competent ability, be regularly attends d by
the bar and the press, and comprise all those other
requisites and adjuncts necessary for such important
tribunal.. Can it be maintained that, if there is to be
Zoessiti7ge in the tribunals of the lesser criminal
that these will not be more eligible than
these of the petty sessions?
Oa the Juvenile Offenders and Petty Larceny Bill
we expressed our opinion in a recent number. To
us the removal of trials for so large a portion of
criminal offences from the Court of Quarter Sessions
held at the shire-hall, where it is assisted and con-
trolled by the aid and presence of a jury, the bar,
and the press, to the Court of Petty Session,
where all these powerful influences will be as a
general rale practically excluded, seems a measure
open to the most serious objections. The adminiatra-
don of justice is a thing of much too delieree a nature
to allow of one jot of precaution, or guaranty for its
due performance, being abated. It is not De-
fer our argument that we should be
considered as questionhig the ability or in-
tegrity of the individuals who compose these
tribunal., or of the tribunals themselves. It is
enough for us that he system is objectionable—that
as an abstract proposition, the entrusting irresponsi-
ble, uncontrolled, arbitrary power—which that of the
justices at petty. sessions is—to any body of men, is
dangerous in principle, and has ever been found ob-
jectionable in practice.
By what possible plea the Arrostexe-Ozeenst.
can justify his refusing to give en extended jurisdic-
tion to the County Courts till they had been subjected
to the control of the superior courts, while at the same
time he is labouring to oonfer such a vast amount of
arbitrary authority upon the justices at petty sessions,
seems to us difficult to comprehend. It is idle to say
that thus tribunals already hold a large amount
of jurisdiction similar and co-extensive with
that it is now proposed to confer on them. It has
yet to be shown that the use of that jurisdiction is
such as to justify an extension of IL The mere feet

( f that be the ease) that nothing has yet appeared to
the contrary, proves nought for the decisions.
These are that, decisive, sad sileccing, ex-
cept is Lime kw casts, and then the poverty of
the party mikes them s,. But we need scantly re-
mark that Orange tumours are Mia; that • strong
prejudice agtinsi the destruction of game it the pita-
mount prinNple in all proceedings in dilute caurte.
Altogether, we cmfess that we are not a Rile glad
to find th.t the lateness of the session, and the dilato-
riness of the law officers of the crown ate likely to
prevent tie pls•ing of this measure for the present,
and to all rd time to the legislature for giving that
full c msideration to the 4 ivat plan of Lord BROUGHAM
which it is so justly entitled to.

COLONIAL.
CEYLON. _

The Colombo ObserveT;(4l47h June, publishes the
following resent/ of the month'. news :
A glance at the return of reports, under the commercial
department, will reveal the important fact that from Ist Oct.
1818, to 2od Jun., 1849, C. ylen had exported coffee to the
amount of 317,000. ewts. Vie thi..k a total of 330,000 riots.
may be calculated on for the season, and that would be in
lbs. not its' than 36,900,000, as nearly as possible the entire
coneumptien of Britain ! We cannot give toe great pro-
miseries to a fact pregnant with such mom ntous conse-
quences. The success of the Ceylon coffee planters now
depends more than ever on the prospect of the pet:tine,
making its way into the markets of continental
Europe. 1.-rd T. rrington still continues gover-
nor of Ceylon, although Lis popularity is not on
the famous, as may be sup:osed from the confession even of
the courtly Times, that the attendance at the Queen's birth-
icy levee was remarkably scanty. The Bombay Times has
given currenci an op:nioa that the g ***** aunt tf Ceylon
is to be offered to Mr. Reid. late member of council, and for
a time acting governor of Bombay A " declaration" has
bees got up in favour of L,rd Torrington. The thing will,
therefore, no doubt receive some signatures, bet it Is not
likely its projectors wi,l realise thole hope of revolutionising
public opinion in India and England. That portion of the
Mararklahn cinnamon gar lens remaining in the hand, of
government has been let t Messrs. I'srlett, O'Halloran, &
Co., on a lease of 7 years, at 5,5001. lb. short notice given
of the intended sale, and th.) doubt remaining se to the period
euring which the 4J. duty may be retained, have eseited
much remark. The understanding seems to be that the duty
is likely te be speedily remitted, the governor and council
being favourable to such a course. The feeling is, that
Pariett, & Co.'s speculati n will turn
out a protitsbl . one.
Sir Emerecia Tennent ger as to have abandoned all ilea of
a move for the present. He Is still in Ceylon.

NEW YORK, JULY 11.

I do not know of anything which attracts public
attention here more thun the brave reistatco of the
Romans to the French. Koseuth and his Hunga-
rians we expected much from, but we had uo idea
that the rincians were so good at a pinch. A corre-
spondent of the Nerve seems to ridicule the deliberate
approaches of the French army towards a city lite-
tally without any reoli.r defences. It is to be hoped
' that if the city be entered the populace will fieish the
work which the canrion of Garibaldi failed to
do. Nothing short of the absolute destruction
of the French army will seem to be an adequate
punishment for oue of the must remarkable eutiages
of the age. We have but one feeling here in the
popular mind, and that is of infinite disgust towards
Louis Napoleon and his ministers for this unwarrant-
able attack un the liberties of Rome. Nothing has
weakened the popular prejudices in favour of the
French nation, always strcng in this country, so much
as this jesuitical and mischievous i• c insistency. We
marvel much that England, which is much given to
intervening, dues not say to the French, " Let those
people alone."

The Nile Orleans Delta of the 26th of June con-
tains a do la. le:loll of iadepecdtnce, issued nt Mata-
moros on th. 16th of June, ostensibly by the seven
norliorn states of the Si rra %die. It smacks of
the Yankee in its composit'on, and our own declara-
tion of lode p^ndence seems in some sentences to have
been in the writer's eye.
Letters from Vera Crux of June 16 eta'e that
change of government is antic psted in Mexico.
Herrera, amisb'e as he is, is not elitist to the task of
ruling that unruly country. The army, as such, has
ceased to exist, and the gentlemen of the profession
of the sword are tired of inaction. In short, it is
firmly believed that Sena Anna is coming hack to
seize the reins of power, and to avail himself of the
discontents of the discontented. It appears by the
memoir of the Mexican Foreign Secretary of State,
that the government does nut tike up the Protocol
dispute in the spirit of its minister at Virash;ngton.
On the contrary, Signor Cuevas says, "The tr. aty of
Guadeloupe has been faithfully executed, and the
reclamation' which the government of the republic
has been coot rained to make upon same points of se-
condary import ince in nothing affect the spirit of the
treaty and the good faith of both countries." Thus
ends for the present any apprehension of a renewal
of our difficulties with Mexico.

The follow;ng is an official exposition of the finan-
cial affairs of the country ;

accitrrn:LaTios 01 TUE rarer or ne2ICO.
Amount of foreign debt, with Interest, to the lot of
Jeer, IMb Delo. 54,3:9,075 00
Amount of interior debt, contrasted after the Indepen.
deem 47,907,701 87
Arnount of Interior debt sontreeted before the lade
30,600,655 00
pendent*

Total ...n0t., 143,443,361 87

CALM:LAMM 07 1112 lirrierriri OP TUE 0111MILAL GOTWIICIT.
The value of the imports, taking for • beet the duties,
which wore in 1843 Dula. 22,241,538 391
1844
1843
Prom these it is estimated the import dada will be
equal to
To which add the inland revenues ..... ......».. .....

4,449,000

2,224,000
--
Total Dols. 6,712,000
The *bole revenue of the republic, therefore, la esti-
mated at Dols. 6,712,000
But trout this must be deducted the exposes of col.
holies, 'Ed other sums pernsaitestly charged at the
oms 1,171,A58
cust

Leaving the net man of Dole. 5,340,112
Th- amount of the mien Murex of the govinumet, ---
including intereigt on the foreign and dontsolie
debt, fs OPtima.cd at Dole. 13,763,436.1. 5
Amount of revenue es stove ....«...«_....... 3,540,112.0. 0

"Delic(tate" 5,225,324.1. 5

In June, INS, receired from the U.S
The expenditures of which were as follows : -- 1
To redeem from pledge the 3,000,000 dots. of I
credits made by the contract of the 19th of
June, 1847
Fspeturs of the Federal District of the former
administration, Incurred before the evacuation
of the U.S. army
Debt contracted by the city of Merle° during the
occupation of the U.B. army to insure the
'army of the citizens
For contributions imposed by the U.S. array upon
mkt district
Aid to the State of Yucatan 30,00.0. 0
Sent to Europe, to pay Sareign nelealans, end for
the purchase of arms
For ordinary expenses. and extraordinary ditto,
as red forth in doe. No. 2 623,672.1. 1

The total expenditure
Received 8,000,1100.0. 0

~Dole. 1,248,688.3. 6

It is also proposed to remodel the tariff, to abo-
lish the tobacco monopoly, and to lower the duty on
cotton.

The number of merchant vessels in the port of
Buenos Ayres on the 3rd of May was 112, with an
aggrrgate tonnage of 22,958 tons, their flags appor-
tioned as follows :—National, 6 ; British, 30 ; Ame-
rican, 10 ; Danish, 6; French, 6 ; Hamburg, 7 ;
Spanish, 11 ; Brazilian, 8 ; Italian, 13; Bremen, 4 ;
Belgian, 3 ; Portuguese, 1 ; Swedish, 2 ; Prussian, 2 ;
Oldenburg, 1 ; Dutch, 1 ; Lubec, 1 ; Sicilian, 1.
We have, by the way of New Orleans, &deices
from Yucatan to the effect that, on the 18th of Jane,
a great battle was fought between the Indians and
Yucatanese, in which the latter were signally de-
feated, and the residue of their army was closely
besieged.
We have an arrival from Bt. Martin's, with dates to
the 18th of Jane. Governor Von Romondt is dead,
and Major Peterson has succeeded him ad interim.
The quarantine had been taken off, and a revival of
trade was expected.
Our local news is to ns at this moment peculiarly
interesting. We have been alarmed bx the report of
Mr. Clay's dangerous illness from cholera, producing
an intense anxiety amongst his friends, and yester-
day we heard ef his recovery. In the same breath
we are told of the death of Colonel Duncan, Lope:-
tor-General of the army, one of our most distin-
guished and promising young officers. He was
particularly admired in Mexico for his bravery and
skill as a belt artillery officer, his batteries being
managed in superb style, and with an effect that only
Napier knows how to describe.
We have some domestic broils occasionally, which
are quite amusing, and give a singular idea of the
state of things among certain classes of oar popula-
tion. As you are well aware, our coasts, and rivers
emptying into the sea below a certain parallel abound

with delicious oysters. Tte preservation of these
during the season of spawning has brew au object of
great interest with many of the southern statist, end
the boundaries of their waters have teen carefully
marked with n &reties to it. An oyster bed is not
only a valuable private property, hut is a source of
c ,naiderab'e Vale in Matyland, Nl' gida, Worgia,
and New Jersey. There is a 'Wage oa Staten Island
of quite a gay appearance. inhabited by people in
excellent circutarances, which owes i's origin a'd
wealth entirely t 3 the oyster trade. A small fleet of
vessels during the proper season is engaged in obtain-
ing cargoes at the snith. The small molluscs are
brought northward to be transplated in ponds pre-
pared for the purpose near the sea, and are placed in
different depths of water, with el much accuracy as
to ensure their maturity in rotation. Thus you aid
always be able to find in New York oysters as edible
in July, as you will in the colder months. The varie-

ties are numerous, and have their peculiar admirers.
Perhaps tothe dainty appetites ourShrewsbury' are
mostdelicious. The temptation to violate the laws
of the southern stater', owing this national sin of
ours, oyster-cramming, is so great, that it letds to
contained difficulty. We have co one body like a
Court of Admi alty to punish the felonious abstrac-
tion of cultch, or of oysters 6) poor as to be no better
than a rattle-box. We have no other protection than
aeonstiable's pow, and the jurisdicion of an amphi-
bious justice of the peace. The other day a fletilla
sailed op from Virginia, and anchored in the Po-
tomac, within the limits of the state of Maryland,
where some bold oystermen began their assault* on
these valuable beraloes, and were fast loading their
tresses, when some trusty scads on shore perceived
the enemy. The alarm was given. "To the rescue ! "
WY the cry all along shore. Skiffs, canoes, and
"cows were forthwith baled out, and a valiant
body of Potomackers set off in pursuit of the audacious
York Ricer pirate.. These, as they saw the rquadron
approach, weighed anchor and hoisted sail, intending, I
by the masterly activity of their movements, to I
escape. The wind proved treacherous, but the oars of '
the pursuers rattled and cracked with scarce a pause,
and soon brought the pursuers within hail. "Sur-
render you York rascals," cried the Potomackers, " or
we will board you." While two of the p'rat:ical
boa's demanded a parley, hoping to gain time, if not
preserve their booty, a puff of wind came along, and
tilled the sails of the more distant craft, and carried
them safe out of the jurisdiction. The parleyers were
captured, taken asaore, tried before ame gistrate, and
fined five dollars each. The cap'ain of oue boat, be-
ing a capitalist, paid his fine, but the other
having not yet made much money in the oyster
trade, was take n off to ,gall, there to remain
till his friends in Virginia could release him from his
incarceration. One cf our poets has preserved in
deathless hexameter, the scenes which took place on
a similar oecnion, and have for over rendered famous
the e peter-beds of New Jersey.
A steamer is getting ready in this port as fast as
practicable, to proceed to the river San Juan de N'ea-
reign. The capitalists who have succeed. din obtain-
ing the grant of the right of way, are resolved to
navigate the San Juan and Lake Nicaragua, if it is
pos•ible. This they may do, and they may establish
a line of coaches from hiss lead of navigation to
ltealejo, but nothing more. It may even be a profit-
able experim le-, bat as I have said before, the
Panama Railway must eclipse all other schemes.
Whea a traveller can cross the isthmus in three hours
at farthest, and in the most comfortable manner, he
will never steam it up the San Juan, and then travel
a day or two more in clacties. An intelligent Ame-
rican, who has been tempted to take the Nicaragua
route, writes home an interts'ing letter. It is very
singular that the Yankees should have made known
to the world mere valuable information with regard
to Central and South America, California, and the
shores of the l'a-ifle, then all former generati-ns of
travelling Frenchmen, Englishmen, or Spaniards.
This is a fact—an undeniable fact.
Let me see if I can give you some idea of this Nica-1
ragua route:
Some months ago an alveuturous New Yorker
got op an expedition to proceed to Clifornia
by the Nicaragua route. Ile built a small portable
steamer, and set off with a trusting and goodly com-
pany, advising them, however, that they might have
to walk some part of the distance. lie and his party
arrived out safely; but after his steamer was put to-
gether it was found to be nodes.. The machinery
proved to be imperfec', and the boiler burst. The
party had then to proceed up the river in bungle.
These are boats, or 'tether canoes, 50 feet g, with
about 7 feet barm, and a thatche d cabin over the
stern. The natives who propel these are represented
as drunken, treacherous, and ugly. The river, in the
dry season, hes in many pierce only about 30 inches
water. The Americans were seven days in ascending
the river, for a distance of 90 miles. The ascent, how-
ever, was full of adventure. An animal, called by
the natives the Dante, was observed. It fed upon -he
marginal grass, was something in figure like a large
hog, black in colour, and had a proboscis, or
trunk, like an elephant, but much shorter.
It is impossible to decide from this brief and imper-
fect description to what genus th:s animal belongs. It
does not answer to the meatus, or rhinoceros, or
hippopotamus, but it does to the tapir Atnericanus,
which has a near affinity to its thick-skinned probos-
cides, and which I believe it to have been. My long
neglect of the favourite studies of my youth induces
me to put forth this opinion however with much diffi-
dence. Lake Nicaragua is described as a beautiful
sheet of water, surrounded with mountains, among
which are at least two volcanos in a state of activity.
Some travellers assert that there is a volcano on an
island in the lake. Grenada, the principal town upon
the shores, contains about 10,000 inhabitants, ands
regularly laid out. The houses are all of one storey
in height, having an elevation of 20 to 25 feet,
ate floored with brick, and rudely furnished. The
churches are numerous and ancient, the inhabitant'
are quiet and inoffensive. The Americans having
awakened the Grenadeans to a sense of what might
be done, an hotel was immediately opened, and expe-
ditions were got up to explore certain localities in the
neighbourhood said to contain gold. In short, the
country was lifted from a complete state of somno-
lency try the arrival of a few hundred Americans.
Certainly it seems to fall to our lot to wake up the
sleepy nations, and to show them how they can go
a-head if they only know how. If they do not know,
we are exceedingly ready to teach them. A friend of
mine who has been in the California current, and has
just returned from the Pacific, assures me there is a
complete revolution going on in the manners and
habits of those central Americans who have came in
contact with our emigrants. This single fact assures
me that commerce will be widely extended in that
direction in a very short time.

MEOCCTIONS IN THE WOOLWICH ARSENAL.—
Some excitement has been created at Woolwich by the
dismissal of thirteen labourers belonging to the Royal
Laboratory Department, by Li Istenant.Colonel Budime,
IC.II , director of that establishment, under the folio* ing
circumstances. It appears that a reduction of thirteen men
was ordered by the Bard of Ordnance, and the Director of
the Laboratory selected the whole of them from men belong-
ing to the enrolled pensioners, on the ground that the time
lost by these men in attending drills rendered them less
affective workmen than the others. The men, feeling
naturally aggrieved at being thus punished for performing a
public duty, made their case known to Major Forbes,
their staff officer, whose consideration for the welfare of
the men under his charge is highly praiseworthy. Major
Forbes immediately laid the facts before the Secretary at War
and a correspondence is now going on between that Mir is-
ter, on the one hand, end the Masteraeneral of the Ord-
nance and Viscount Hardinge, on the other. Lieutenant.
Colonel Harding. is brother of Viscount Hardinge, at whose
suggestion the pensioners were first enrolled Ise a corps of
reserve for the defence of the country. Mr. B. O'Neill, late
Storekeeper of the Royal Carriage Department, has been
superannuated one p.nsion of 2901. per annum, the office
having been abolished. Arrangements are now in progress
for transferring the stores from the Repel Laborat ry and
Carriage Departments to the Storekeeper, which will occupy
some mouths, on account of the great quantity of stores.
Mr. Thos. B. Monk, first clerk of the laspector of Artillery's
Department, has pent in his papers for retirement, and will,
it is expected, be superannuated on a pension of 3001. per
annum. Mr. Monk is well known as the Inventor of several
great improvements in heavy ordnance.
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT A COTTON MILL.—OR
'Saturday morning a fire broke out in the premises of Mr.
J. Rostron, spinner, Edandeld, Ramsbottom, near Bury,
which has proved destructive to nearly the whole of the
premises. None of the workpeople were engaged in the
mill at the tins though several men who had been em-
ployed illiTaelig the engines, which ware somewhat out
of cra s
ft net have been long shunt from the building
before it oseimsmod. Its origin is at present unknown. So
mid hi he was the fire, that before any effectual
assivaass annli he presented, the premises were almost en-
tirely deleirepad. theegt Strennaiely a large quantity of the
goof were rimmed Mit the llama The total damage to
budding and Stock Is sethiensi at 1,7001, which will be
partly covered by the inelllniele effected by Mr. Itnetroo.
No lives were kit or in leaned by the burning or fell-
ing inateriels.—Manateskr lfrasaimr.