The Express.
London, England, 1849-09-15 00:00:00

AGUICHBSTER. Septemebir 14.

drooz-EzcHAwol.=Tks matt st w.. exaselliagly fat,
sad Oda woe nibs. lower.

IMMINGHAM, Sopbaba 14.

IlisOrAzona wai.—Th• Aar* maid ins ilalkaary
as ate.* plots, bat very little beldam rig din&

LZSDS, &Omit, •1L

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saw wermat
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was Wow% the
fallias New Lest L=Wllfia
Trelbreaes, NAL lasissad Mils;
NeaISLIM. WIL

BRISTOL, Sepialah!r 14.

81P001-120WAW•11.--11• 11111014 Va. bieritraVllN
imalat gaalatkos Omit Wastira Quartiftil dia,; ISL dem
; Masa suck at Mi.

YORE. September 14.
, .
Sow 111:41111.01.-416.• : West Nardida:
rivaliv; N er= (barter e ; rilkiraft
id, se Itervids ).

NEWARK FLORAL AND AGRICULTURAL Socratf•
no berth std last *ow of tit. season err les* la the des
Exchange, Newark, on the lith inst., and was or • sower
akarattar. Rassag the ton striking sps• rases at
en natio* • very ins hake* vevelihtle, and
&Om", from the eowerrotzea;vasf Jobs Thoop, leg.; a
beeseffel aeritia orhoader, to M 1 Wieftp4 owl
eery speeloae,.s of dah veyboam, from,
J. I. Paaisse, Req., M I'., J. H. M. Sutton, Mac, lb. Pox, I
.*d intern Ike r of halt and notables was sirs
se . rot, boo.. at .1 variety and quality.—NotlingAm
Jo • • ~

Stier Arrortfso.
ouTwING
The maple d'or Vigo. Oporto, llTadelea, Calm and
,abate. W! he nada 110 oltarri. 17,
• ll...Mrs* lama halt., eadodlaa 11srml H&vwd,
Name, Roadster), New Orleans, we Menleo, sae ladading
those lee *Webs, St. JimaanNicarenra, New (Maude.
.41bitiord Peva, will he madam, the eveniatellept. 17.
The mask/ °Meehan Mein Gram, the lonia* Wands.
made, Ind* 'eel Chia', Southampton, will
in up ea tie mernin. Miles. 20.
The mans kr Heidi North America and the Vatted
Maul will 114 made pp is the evens; of Sept. 21.
The mails, via Mameillm, to the Mediterranean, Eprs,
Ceplca Hey-Loss,ltia, will be made up ea Om
nealajr of Sept. 24.
The malls for Madeira, the Baud* era Bream Ayres,
will be made up on tie evening at Oat. 4.

MON WATER AT LONDON NaIDOIL
To Da-Maslac 11. Oa. Allemma Ih.
T•ascaaw-ionag. IL Ma Afausaj I

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.

IT is a good sign of popular docility and can-
dour that those whose pugilisr tenets have long
alienated them from the bulk of their natural fellow-
labourers in the cause of freedom should not hesitate
frankly to confess that they have erred, at least in
the previous calculations of their own strength, and
of the weakness of the obstacles oppolei to them.
We cannot expect men to renounce as such the
darling abstractions of their more enthusiastic days,
even when the consciousness is most recent and in-
tense, that for sake of these erished i!lusions they have
sacrificed the freshest years and noblest powers of
their lives. Amid the wreck of splendid hopes and
unrealisable visions, pride and courage are alike reluc-
tant to repudiate the faith that led them so far and
fatally astray. We can appreciate the sore and
wounded feelings that dictate such reserve, and will-
ingly omit remembering too precisely the passionate
expressions of vain regret that occa+ionallystill escape
from lips that, by std experience, have neon taught the
ascents of a truer wisdom. We take the converts of
misfortune as we find them. We are too glad to see
them once again returning to the path of practical
utility, to harass them with vexations questions as to
why they ever parted company with the rest of their
kinsfolk and acquaintance.
The re-appearance of the Nation is, in this sense,
a good sign of future progress and isiorovement for
Ireland. Had it not reappeared, the inference would
have inevitably been that, with the dissipation of the
dreams cherished by Young 'relay d, the talent,
energy, and perseverance which made that party for
a time so prominent, if not formidable, were either
lost to the country by disheartenment or exile. Now,
we freely own that we do not think Ireland is in a con-
dition to be ab'e to lined any diminution of the quali-
ties we have namc d,and which their moat apprehensive
opponents never denied to Mr. DUFFY and many
of his associates. The misfortune of Irish political
life during the last twenty tears was, that beneath
the oppressive shade of O'Connellism no healthy
undergrowth was poesaible. When that overspread-
ing influence fell, there was no'hing to be found but
immature brushwood or mere brambles. These have,
in part, been now rudely swept away, and, for the
first time since ORATTAN'S death, the field is clear.
We are glad therefore to think that under such cir-
cumstances the vigorous pen, with whom productions
the public have been so familiar in the columns of the
Nation, is not thrown by. And we are gratified to
perceive that Mr. DUVET has had the firmtess to
resume his career as a journalist, with the candid
avowal of his conviction that if his countrymen would
set abut recovering the ground they have lost, they
most lay aside all projects incompatible with consti-
tutional tactics and constitutional principles. This is
returning to firm ground once more. And it is only
consistent with this primary avowal that we find
the equally wise and prudent indication of
a desire rather to seek allies wherever they
may be found, than to stiosatiss as enemies
all who do not concur in all things. Toleration, in
its highest sense, is the true faith of freedom and of
p-ogress towards it ; and we should belie the creed
which we extol, if in the preseet instance we did not
show our readiness to acknowledge, in a kind and
cordial spirit, the desire express.-el for co-operation on
certain great and leading pniots between the advo-
cates of popular right on the two aid sof the channel.
This has long been our doctrine. We have for years
deplored the want of mutual confidence and aid, both
in and out of parliament, between the English and
the Irish friends of radical reform. Divided, neither

ere strong enough to enforce their claims; united,
there is nothing which they might not sin.
But let us at the outset say what we doubt not
will commend itself u reasonable to the understand-
ing of our Irish fellow-workers in the people's cause
--for such we already recognise them to be. If po-
pular rights are to be " won in detail," as the Nation
see me to be convinced they can only be—let us not
perplex ourselves with too many objects at a tame.
We pre same not to dictate to our Irish friends what
their first demands should be. 0 ly let them be de-
finite and few. When they have got ono grievance
removed, let them forthwith seek the remedy of
another, or if they resolve upon pressing for an
amendment of the oppressive law of landlord and te-
nant, as well u a more just appropriation of church
property at the same time, we shall be ready to give
them on each every assistance in our power. But
let not popular attention be distracted and confused
by a variety of proposals on different subjects at one
and the same time. Concentration of effort is abso-
lutely essential to success ; and concentration of effort
is impossible so bug as concentration of attention is
clef- rred.
On one great and fundamental topic the reformers
of the two kingdoms have common ground. We
equally need a thorough chancre in the (-Parini sys-
tem. Nomination and corruption plot in both realms
against the interests of the many ; and while their
united agency prevails, all hope of effective changes
in other matters must continue to be distant and dim.
A send and comprehensive franchise would render
all other benefits comparatively easy of attainment.
It is the key to all the rest. To this, therefore, as
far as we in England are concerned, we would cheer-
fully postpone all other changes; and we have reason
to believe that a feeling not very dissimilar
irfisenees the greater number of those, who
take the most thoughtful and practical view
of Irish popular interests. England has her
local questions as well as Ireland. Reciprocal ser-
vices may always be effectively rendered, when there
is a sine re disposition to do so. We doubt not that
such good offices will be cheerfully exchanged in the
time to come. Bat the desire to do so will not be
lees, because in one great and pre-eminent concern, a
sense of common interest is felt deeply and vividly;
and for this reason, in addition to those we have
already named, we earnestly recommend joint action
for the purpose of obtaining for the united kingdoms
" an elective franchise 00-extensive with liability to
vatinis ••

Tax naval service of England forms the greatest
contrast, and the most singular exception, to the do-
. meetie and pditieal halms of Baglidinien, that it is
possible to conceive or to record. Freedom of action
and responsibility to known law, not man's humour,
is the characteristic of English life. And yet the
raw, which is meet independent on its own'
soil, is the merest brute-machine of a slave
on board of its vowels. How is this P We
have conquered by degrees all the difficulties
of self-government or fres government on
shore, without being able to apply the smallest
iota of such experience at *ea. We have for years
made a terrible fuss and gone to tremendous expense
to put down black elavery. How few steps have we
taken to mitigate or regulate the gross slavery of
Englishmen on beard of her Majesty's and of our
meroliaat navy ? .Was ever slavedrieer worse than
Commander Prratax ? Hundreds of thousands of
our sailors are committed to the uncontrolled des-
pedant of captains, who may, for all the care taken to
West ee.eommiesion them, be amongst the most ig-
arrant, most wayward, and most brutal of their
zr. We see frequent instances of their being all
We really do not see why the hoard of a ship should
tdi made each an exception, aid why men slould not
be ruled and brought to do their duty there as else-
where by laws, by mitigated authority. We do not
see why that class of whom we require most man-
hod should be treated as if they were so many boys,
siinbbed, and kicked about, and flogged without
rhyme or reason, save the caprice of a man as
ignoraat as themselves. There may indeed bo a law
f,r --11:16L when they come ashore, a law to avenge

ther wrongs, and now and then punish their tyrants,
when they bare gone outrageous lengths. But spinet
despotism m the navy, which is °analog and stops
short of crime and outrage, there is no remedy but
the submissionThieh breaks the heart or hardens
it to tyrannies in turn.
Mr. Prraun's was a disgusting and degrading
trial—damaging, we regret to say, to all parties—to
the prisoner, to the witnesses, the prosecutors, the
wart itself, and to the Adzkitalty. As to the Admi-
ralty itself, where was its vigilance, its supervision ?
The marine Winn' was entered in the ship's log as
having drowned himself because " he was ordered for-
ward to wash," and this statement is leftwithout notice
or question for three years. MACLEAN is returned as
having received thirty-six lashes iOT "being dirty
at division," and for this severity the commander
receives neither reprimand nor order for explanation.
It was found that officers were seising or inventing
opportunities for leaving the Childers, and that deser-
tion was common among the seamen, yet the Admi-
ralty connive at the proceedings of the commander,
and never thiok of an inquiry, until the " vindictive
feelings" of two officers (who exculpate their own
fault on the plea that their captain had rendered their
lives insupportable) forced from Whitehall a tardy
and reluctant order for a court-martial. The Admi-
ralty leave society to form a conclusion that the pro-
secution is not instituted for inquiry and for justice,
but that it proceeds from the vindictive rancour of
two officers who have been ruined by the prisoner.
Next, as to the officers who composed the court
it has been plain, throughout the whole inquiry, that
they have allowed themselves to be swayed by other
sympathies and influences than those of humanity
and the weight cf evidence. The charge of having
kept a fake log was fully proved. It was not merely
an incorrect log, or an account of a ship's position by
observation, wh.oh observation was supposed to be
correct, but afterwards proved to be erronews. It
was emphatically a false log. The chip's place was
altered in the log with a false intent; altered to 80 or
90 miles from the place originally inserted—altered to
shield the commander from the consequences of his
ignorance. The force of the wind was also falsely
stated, in order to make it appear that the Childers
had been nuavoidsb'y run ashore, in consequence of
the extreme violence of the wind, which was not true.

The day's work in iok was put in after the ship
struck, because the commander found that his own
ignorance and error had led the ship into danger.
He wrote what was not true to shield bimeeli from
the consequences, and his defence does not contain
one word of excuse or explanation. Then, as to the
charges of cruelty. It was sworn that one sailor on
his death-bed attributed his death to the severity with
which he had been treated, that a marine became
insane before he was released from punishment,
and that two persons committed suicide to avoid
threatened repetition of the tender mercies of the
commander. No other explanation of these frightful
statements was offered in defence beyond the n .es mi
rimrdo of two timid medical officers, evidently afraid
of the captain, and brow-beaten by the cilia.
Mr. ELLIOTT swore that he had been suffering from
illness, caused by the oppressive, unmanly, and harsh
treatment he had received. He bad not been off
night duty for more than a year at a time, and
yet was obliged to keep d.y watches, a duty
scarcely ever imposed upon a master in the
navy. He swore that " very often having piloted
the ship from three or four in the morning until
late at night, tired and worn out, I have been orderel
to keep the middle watch; that is to say, to remain
on dick from midnight until four the next moraiog.
The commander also insulted him by stating, on the
assumed authority of the surgeon, that his illness wee
in consequence of habits of drinking, whereas the
surgeon denied having said so, and in all previous
ships Mr. ELLIOTT'S character for sobriety bad been
established. It appears, unfortunately, that he had
been teen excited or intoxicated at different times on
board the Childers. He probably drank to abate the
sense of pain which the commander • cruelty inflicted;
but whether that be so or not, any officer seen in a
state of intoxication on board ship ought to be tried
for his offence, not subjected to the caprice and op-
pression of a man who knows that by this indiscre-
tion his victim is in his power. Mr. ELLIOTT dared
not complain of others, because the fear of exposure of
drunkenness was held over his own head.
Mr. %NDREWS, the clerk, sw..re that when Mr.
JAMES SWIM was ordered by the admiral to bo " dis-
mbeed the service," the commander inserted the
words " with disgrace," thus, without authority
taking upon himself to add greatly to the severity • f
the sentence of the Commander-in-Chief. Mr. MS-
DitEwe al.ei swore that he had seen PITMAN, "strike
the boy CLEVERTON, kick km, and pull him be the
ears,' and this for leaving things out of their place
while the commander was dressing. " I have seen
him pulled by the ears several times, and several
times kicked. I have seen him come out cf the cabin
several times with his head bleeding, and his ears
bleeding."
What is this but a combination of cruelty and false-
hood of the most disgraceful character? And what
is the defence bat a simple assertion that, upon his
honour! the commander did not know who inserted
the interpolated words? Again, it was proved that
r the prisoner called Lieut. GRAHAM " • liar" before
, the ship's c impany. He does not deny it; but asks
for permission to prove "when, how, and where, he
, was a liar." Yet, onderall these aggravatedenormities,
, the perpetrator is simply dismissed the service, al-
. though his guilt is of an infinitely deeper dye than
j that of his two subordinates, whose crime was induced

by the cruelty and oppreiaion to which they were
subjected ; and who, in addition to his sentence, are
imprisoned like felons in a common gaol for a year, and
are.pronounced incapable of ever serving her Mak sty
again. No such severity for the author of all the evil.
And why ? The answer is obvious. He is the equal
of the members of the court. The example of bring-
ing superior officers to trial must b 3 checked. COM-
mender PITMAN is consequently condemned to a few
months' idleness without pay instead of with calf-pay,
and then the probabilities are that the commander
will be talked of u " very hardly used by some
rascally4tnordinates," and will be quietly restored,
through the interest, of some naval lord, to a position
which will enable him to demonstrate to how high a
pith of perfection the art of ingeniously tormenting
may be carried.
We have but little to say as to the prosecutors.
Both are punished, and both appear to have deserved
punishment.
Of the witnesses we feel compelled to observe, that
the medical officers, Doctors Roosts and &Atm,
occupy • most lamentable position. No one
can so readily check improper or necessary
punishment oa board ship u the medical
officer. He has it in his power immediately to put a
stop to anything likely to injure the health of the
men committed to his care. The doctors on board the

Childers allowed punishments and practices Of; moat
extraordinary nature to goon without remonstrance ir
report—men kept on .'eck in all weathers at night,
scrubbed with sand and brushes, paraded with hand-
spikes and hammocks for hours, and ornamented with
copper funnels on their heads under a tropical sun. And
yet we fled the evidence of the medical men before
the court, that of men bowed slow* by tyranny, and
literally afraid to speak.
It n mains to be s fen whether the country will be
satuditd with the award of this itoort-marUal ; whe-
ther cruelty and oppression are not greater crimes
than the desertion such cruelty and oppression have
induced ; whether double manslaughter is to be passed
over with a mere degradation of rank ; or whether the
convicted liar and tormentor should not bear some
portion of the punishment the crimes of himself and
of his victims deserve.
Every succeeding court-martial only seems to de-
monstrate more clearly that nothing like justice can
be expected from a board so constituted. The same
class of men who simply reprimanded the captain. of
a line-of-battle-ship who actually deserted his station
and left our naval force weaker than that of the Ame-
ricans at a time when war was impending in order to
secure a lucrative freight, now shelter another of their
own class, the author of as gross an abuse of power as
him less severely than the victims of his miscsnduct.
the naval history of our age eau furnish, and punish

Ls PLATa.—BitazllA.—Then are a few days'
Than
Wrier§ from Buenos Ayres in Liverpool, but no news.
Than are also dates, Bahia to the 6th Aug., bat those
advice, are also barren of new.
REMALNS OFLECIENT LONDON.—Yesterday, in the
courseof ram,* for a sewer at the junction of Farring-
dos-streetaad Holborn, a Own of briek•week 12 ft. in breadth,
and upwards of 20 In depth, alma with en °Mac wall of
stone work, was dimmed. It is balievad to he put of the
ancient boundary wall of the city of London. Amongst the
rabbish several 'Vanes of iron, old spear heeds, awl c 'inn were
fonod, including a groat of the reign of Wiiliut the,
Conqueror.

ITALY.

ROMAN STATES.—We have received the follow-
leg letters from oar correspondent :
RIBTI, SEPT. 1.
However difficult it may be to form an opinion and
report conscientkaaely upon the political state of a
country of any extent, the difficulty is certainly much
diminished by trusting to no hearsay accounts, but
resolving rather to go over the ground one's-self, with
one's ears and eyes well open. It is with this in-
tention that I have abandoned the capital for a brief
tour through the provinces, and I hope that the in-
formation I may be able to collect will prove at once
new andinteresting to the public. I date, 'arm see,
from the ancient capital of the Baines, in which, as
well as in the extensive territory belonging to its ju-
risdiction,l have, daring a week's ramble, found far
more republican ideas and animosity to the restored
government than are usually supposed to exist in the
eountie.
Politics still form the principal theme of conversa-
tion in every inhabited spot, from the solitary roadside
criteria to the populous and flourishing town, and
Ithey are discussed with much greater freedom in these
districts than in the suspicious atmosphere
and spy-frequented csife:s of Rome. The
return of a great number of disbanded
soldiers and national guards to their own country
homes, fresh from the scene of strife and bloedstied,
has likewise imbued every village with the spirit and
the knowledge of events during the recent war, and I
have not unfeequently been surprised at the enthu-
siasm of my guides or muleteers until the dieeove ry
that they had but lately come back from their rev
meats explained the mystery. Sometimes abe ltcap,
or other remnant of military costume reveals the ex-
, dragoon or artil cry men, as he resumes his rural la-
boar:, consoling himself for defeat by the off-repeated
assurance that, as yet, " all is not finished." In
towns or sel,ages they pride themselves upon a de-
gree of civilisation superior to their neigbbanre, the
republic has usually warmer partizans, and I
could name one town whose inhabitants have carried
their affection for the fallen government so far as
to hoard up the fragments of the ex- tree of liberty,
and wear hearts red studs carved oat of the revered
wood. Great hostility has been invariably shown to
the members et' wealthy monawic eetahlishmente, and
the liberal ceuse has been sometimes disgraced by
acts of destruction or vindictive excesses committed
by the country People on the property of the Bene-
dictines er Jesuits. A republican administrator of
the rich monastery of Fars, belonging to the former
order, managed, daring the few months that he was
in office, to leave a deficit of six thousand dollars, for
which he is now in durance vile in this city. It
is the conduct of a few such scoundrels that
cares a slur upon the very name of liberal.
We hive here a Sparish garrison, c' nsiring of
two battalions of the 45th regiment of it fantry,
commanded by Colonel St Jago, and a squadron of
the 151 h regiment of lancers. The men ate well-
dressed and equipped, bat are renerally very young,
and do tot appear to be very efficient. Theinhabit-
ants treat them without much ceremony, and have
already set them down as being not much better at
fighting than the Neapolitans. Indeed, the manner
in which the soldiers of the four intervening powers
are spoken of, would induce me to conclude diet the
Austrians are hated and feared, the French hated but
re.spected, the Neapolitans and Spaniards hated and
despised, by those whom they have come to liberate,
reominally, from tyrannical oppression.
The Jesuits' property in the provinces, se well are in
Rome, has been restored to their administrators., and
they will no doubt be soon reinstalled, pers molly, in
their respective convents; the King of Naples having
t eken the initiative by having them reconducted with
great pomp to their establishments in his capital on
t re 25th of last month.
TERM, Sere 3.
The tide of popular favour in Rome, as well as the
sympathy of the more thinking classes, hes just now
been strongly excit d towards the French in conse-
quence of the publica'ion of the letter from President
Louis Napoleon to Col. Ney, the officer recently des
patched to Oudinot. (Tins letter has already ap-
peared in the columns of the Express.
Such an explicit declaration from the head of the
French government has of course made an immense
sensation is Rome, so much so, indeed, that General
Rostolan, prudently averse to every thing adapted to
collect great masses of people together, has found
much difficulty in restraining the enthusiasm of the
citizens and in preventing them from making a grand
demonstration in favour of the French and against the
priests; proclamations were immediately published,
remindirg the public of the severe prohibition against
all tumultuous meetings, and assuring it that the
penal restrictions of the prefect of police were still in
full force. This somewhat
,calmed the transports of
the people. It now remains to be proved whether
the principles expressed in Louis Bonaportehe letter
will be accepted by the cardinals, and whether the
French will sincerely exert themselves to carry them
out As to the first pert of the question, it is already
affirmed that the Pope has refused even to receive the
propositions, and at thecongress now holding at Gaeta
'there is no doubt that the upholders of absolutism will
be vastly in the majority.
Rome is, externally, in a state of perfect tran-
quillity, but its internal and political condition is in
dreadful contusion. Every branch of the administra-
tion is thrown into perfect chaos by the contending
powers : The priests and their agents pull one way—
the French another—the Reiman police authorities
arrest people—the French liberate the m—in short,
such a mixed government cannot lest, and Fretch or
ecclesiastical rule mart be declared supreme—consti-
tutional liberty or absolute slavery.
The works of three of the most eminent catholic

churchmen now living have been solemnly con-
ch mend by the Pope, and placed on the list of damna-
ble, pernicious, and prohibited productions. This will
not b I wondered at when I mention the names of the

authors—they are the abbes Gioberti and Rosmini,
and Padre Ventura. Any one now found reading
their books wall be summarily imprisoned in the
inquisitorial dungeons, and that remind+ me of the
Rev. GiacintoAebilli. He is still languishing in con-
finement, in spite of all the efforts that have been'
made in his favour.
Tue town from which I date this letter is consi-
dered to be, for its size, one of the fiercest republican
hotbeds in the state, and boasts of having maintained
the republcan eagle and popular government three
weeks longer than any other portion of the R Haan
&minions. Here, indeed, opinion may be said to be
unanimous, and the inhabitant, of Terni, only twelve
thousand in number, have proved, by their pecuniary
sacrifices and by the number of soldiers they contri-
buted to the national defence, their sincerity in the
liberal cause. A family with two or three young
men in it would have considered itself as disgraced,
I if one at least of them was not absent from home,
and the Venetian and Roman campaigns and
the adventurous wandering' of Garibaldi are every
where diecureed by those who took part in them.
Under such circumstances it may be easily imagined
that the Spanish forces were not received with great
enthusiasm, and General Cordon was very much dis-
gusted at the want of respect diepliyed to his own
Person. He has been known to leave the staffer offi-
cers, with whom he was in the hab.t of walking
through the town, and go out of his way to strke a
sywoniongigomganit waboboolomtinstead of
ignorant peasants, whose hats were perfect fixtures,
hatgroninndste.
and who gazed in stupid wonder at the Spanish elrydYdorawnisedto his
com-
mander as he pose d, found to their c st that a cat
may not look at a king now-a-days. Cordova had the
rustics hauled up, and their ribs cudgeled with five-
and-twenty baatinadoes each. The Spanish soldiers
are also accustomed to the stick, and their officers
affirm that it is the only way to keep them in order.
Some contests took place between them and the in-
habitants on their first occupying the town—two
young men were bayoneted by a night patrol,
and some of the soldiers were-murdered in revenge,
bit time softens down all things. The obnoxious
general has marched off to the congress at Guts, and
only one battalion is now stationed here—the towns-
people listen to their band, laugh at their broken Ha-
, lian, and quiz them for stewing pigeons and stockfish
together, and for eating cucumbers with their cho-
colate.
I learn, from a person recently returned here from
Bologna, the final lot of the twelve hundred unfortu-
nates who capitulated at Sin Marino, after the em-
barcation of Garibaldi at Cesenatico. One man has
been drawn by lot, out of every ten, to be shot, and
the other nine receive forty binges with a stick,
which, as they are administered with great severity,
leave the men marked for life. Thus chastised, the
survir:rs are sent to their own homes, in detachments
of Rfty a hundred at a time. Tr:re "p in this