The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-04 00:00:00

in her Majesty's service bnt wouldLarst if chair jci
s
.rhing like the same weight
illas is used of •,‘,10.,
sed Wider no ciet,,ums‘. tzar°, w an extreme range
win snow this view to beaerr
the defect which Idr, Greener to the
ingredi ants, another
" J
rehicle for the explosive
seen 1 ted--of degree of cost.* Ate' or fineness
• fordsv— 4,apeesenuMF as few
hor akrnr.aiy interstices and
be required, and * 01_1.1 aptegnated with the
7i421,&45 erffeocfti=s7 This—shut:a beetancen c""so
by .r. roe
• The results of 13* r]!Voiments may be comprised,"
trmleinan in his let .er published in last Saturday's
" the discover f of* cheaper but equally explosive
Tyl:- COMI2°D AW.CillSt, and indeed in all woody,
teroble mate rial,—by immersion from eight to ten
egad mrssures of nitric acid, specific gravity 1.5,
M., of vitriol. A alight increase of the latter
use rwidity of combustion. I here inclose you a
it..evpared common saw-dust. with which I have I
Docktistol, loaded with ball, with a force
ihie et gunpowder,— ndeed, I should say, weight
it will prove the better projectile I wish you to
with the specimen enclosed. Put it into
.-- tasking sure that it is in the breach
place on the nipple the percussion
the
con will find, on discharging it, that
Kula to that of an eq,ual weight of gunpowder."
~„erns that this material is well adapted tx meet Mr.
o!ijection, and that sawdust, of a coarsenews regulated
calibre of the ann from which it is to be tired, can be
employed. The old ractical joke
dust in the eof Mr. Merrian
his master's blunderbupss with sqmues-
- stand', therefore, a chance of being verified.
, IWAY GRAILTUDE.—Wc learn that Mr. Hud-
dle Easters Counties board, in honourable reeol-
sf services long since past, have ace.rded to Sir John
. privilege which we are not aware has been granted
'vidnal on any other line in the kingdom—that of
say train for his own convenience at Boreham,
there is no station, by simply showing a flag, so as to
the et-malty of his c ming to Chelmsford. When
~.lone, in its infancy, was struggling against
ny adverse circumstances that beset it, the
ble baronet not only declined an invitation to
t 3 extort hard terms from it, but facilitated
ed the line in every way possible, and even saved it
expense by waiving nghts to occupatio.. bridges We
to see these things thus remembered and acknow-
because it adds to the confidence in the justice and
ling of railway management and we think if the
gore even further, and opened their line to the
ble member free, the lesson and the liberality would
been thrown away upon the publie.—Esser Medd.
RING WONDERFUL. The Imp rtial de
, of the 10th ult., says :—" A few days since a shark
h near Chesme, weighing nearly 2 quintals. On
the monster, the corpse of a loan, unnautilated and
' was found in his belly."

ALK AMONGST THE WORKERS OF
as Mr. E. Butterworth in his statistics of
're describes it, is " A market town and parish, in
take and hundred of West Derby, the division of
on, the polling district of Newton in alacrefield,
poor-law union of Leigh. The number of statute
r 11,50. There are six townships in the parish—
, astlev, Bedford, Pennington, Tyldesley-cum-
y, and West Leigh." The place, as its name implies,
w ‘ituation ; it is at the bottom of a flat, at the foot
dope called Chowbent ; bent here signifying the bend
of an eminence : so much for the situation, limits,
eof the place. The principal branches of employ-
cotton and silk weaving by hand; cotton and silk
by power; spinning, and other descriptions of factory
dire being several large and handsome mills here ;
making; bat that, being chiefly carried on at Chow-
not be further noticed at present. The town of
is situated in parts of the three townships of West
Bedford, and Pennington, and is chiefly formed by
llings of drapers, provision-dealers, butchers, publi-
other tradespeople, clustering around a quaint old
and a free school, and forming two streets which meet
angles. The people, I should think, are never 'ter?-
, the air they breathe is thick and humid ; the ground is
et, and the fields and pastures are deeply green and
Ina ; 11:,autiful to behold, but not healthful to dwell
t. Hence, typhus fever and English cholera are run-
Sot !wrest the present time. Food, or the want of food,
maiety of mind, have doubtless much influence in
&orders; but recently many cases have occurred where
t io ormfortable circumstance., the beat fed, the best
tithe most likely, judging from appearances, for sur-
tither sickness or want, hare been seized by one of these
Im and the next day or so been in their coffin. The
air of Astley and Bedford lehould deem peculiarlyl: able
imitations. The land is a spongy black soil lying be-
ts high and dry ridges of Tyldesley Banks and Wore-
withe great bog called Chat Moss. The fields, as I
as green—brilliantly green. The looming old lanes,
osi shady, winding and turning ever through woods
▪ and ploughed lands, dark, and rich, and fat;
rad hops, and bine*, and heeled), and dog-rose bushes
oaring. Talk of " emerald gems," indeed ! Why
nay are !' here are " gem " and " diadem" too, to
kut's content,—and more, to one's bewilderment and
on; for, we upland dwellers cannot well brook to go
ring fir hours through these gloaming shades, walk-
' it were in blindness, and not knowisg when we shall
at, or where we shall emerge. It is too rich ; it is
shy verdant; the trees, the standing pools, the old
malls, the stumps, the rails, the field gates, are often
sl over a ith a humid vegetation, which at this time of
a, and in this showery weather, hangs dripping with
sough for all the poets that ever wrote.
leigh, as I before intimated, the silk manufacture is
'the principal means for employment. Thirty. years
ill the looms of this district were employed in the
ig of cotton ; and quiltings, dimities, and cambrics
ie staple manufactures. the workmen, then as now,
able to all the vicissitudes of trade ; and they were
lot only badly employed, but they were badly paid for
employment. The weavers of Spitalfields had an
31 Act of Parliament for their protection, and they
stir employers pretty closely to the statute ; they had
e more of " theirown way" than any body of weavers
ad before or since. At any rate, they had so much of
the employers brought the manufacture into Lanca-
and it became the staple branch at Michlleton, New-
ailesorth, and parts of Ashton parish. In process of
liege Lancashire weavers also proved troublesome; they
red, and would not submit to reductions of their wages
it knowing the why and the wherefore ; and many of
lot even then. They had in them much of that dogged
mew which, when rightly applied, and duly controlled,
one of the most valuable traits of English character.
to
or not they properly exercised it is a question not
) be discussed, but their resistance had certainly the
in the bra instance of bringing their trade down to
, where it has remained ever since. About twenty-
ears ago there were only some half a score of silk
TS in Leigh. They went from Leigh to Stockport to
the weaving of silk, and at the expiration of three
is they brought work from Stockport and wove it at
taking it back to Stockport when finished. When
Lanchester employers, in consequence of the demands of
and their want of hands through turn-outs and other
'bine causes, were looking about for weavers, these
al from Leigh called at the Manchester warehouses,
producing the work they had done for the Stockport
'ra they asked for employment, and they got it ; and
the manufacture became established, and has rapidly
sad.

e deuript ions of work woven here are satins, plain cloths,
bandanas, the latter being chiefly woven by inferior
0, inch as women and children who may earn about
killings a week. The plain goods range in fineness
a twenty-two hundred reed to a forty hundred one :
things of a good weaver in full work on the former
Ibe about seven shillings a week, or five and sixpence
loary; and on the latter, about eleven shillings net
11. The wins, being finer work, are better paid ; and
tie earnings of a good weaver (journeyman) would
lit to about eleven shillings net money. These esti-
;at for a good weaver, doing a fair week's work. At
lit a fair week's work is seldom obtained, the hands
frequently obliged to wait fir material three, four, and
k, at a time. This is a most ruinous drawback oa
nduxtry, and hundreds of the poor people are miserably
inconsequence. I went into a number of dwell.
nei found them, though very humbly furnished, iIS
ly clean, and the household things neatly arranged.
in some places were damp, and the bottoms of
seemed damp and mouldy, and the fires were onnzl
it* in the grates, and the shelves and cupboa
either void of eatables or displayed but a scanty slam
e poor inmates were looking pale and haggard, taking
P a whiff or two of tobacco instead of a solid warm
for it wag dinner hour ; yet they were all cleanly fa
ttire—the men'a linen and the women's outer psa.
had evidently been recently washed, and thorongW
the floors had been clean mopped and sanded, she
's had been swept, and there was an evident endeavour
the best of the few comforts thelf had yet at caw
And this is another valuable trait in the Englilt
, whether of men or women : if they ate dissiesead,
on'ta,ggravate their misery for the purpose of baw
; and if they sit by their fires without food, the wont
to the eyes in flirt: they will he sure to put away
t any rate. I had, as I said, visited a number of
nes, and was about to enter another, but my guide
glzrie had better not go in there; they have the
, Y, and it is in most of the Young down here,
Mae, also, and in the next the same." " I have
"oth," I said; " let us return." At present the
of that poor people would probably be any sum
nothing and five shillings a week ; their potato crop
their employment has failed ; their earnings
; fever and cholera are amongst them ; but we
• ° eetery—no mob-gatherings—no Mastering demands
w employment ! There has even been an abatement
b one or two silk mills—an abatement amounting to
Tenth of the wages, and that, too, is the feet of a
winter and an advancing market for food ; but there
- no rioting—no threatening of bakers or provision
• calling outof the police or the military--ao stoning,
tin?" la the streets ;—no ; the working men and
turned out for a week and then went to their looms
~' up with their loss for the present, making the
That they had, and cultivating hope for the future.
aot these the sort of people who should, above all
be enc°=Z:pported and comforted ?
man Is carried on here by agents or
for Manchester houses. I called on several of
d they were quite unreserved in answering my
• They declared that the present stagnation was
quence of an overstocked market; and one said the
refs came to him begging for work with tears in
• , but he could not give it them. "Several," he
ve been here this morning, entreating as if for their