The Express.
London, England, 1851-02-15 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

or district exposed to drought, just as the young ;foto Yea, and, calling on all behind me to follow, plunged
crop most needed moisture, was a most common into the camp.
practice, and one Which sometimes destroyed the
The attacking party always has such an advantage, that
' I am quite sure that if our men had followed up, few as
revenues of half the cultivated fields of Bunnoo. . they were, they might have either seized or killed Shalizad ;
Such was the political and social state when . but it shames me to relate, that out of seventy or eighty,
Runjeet Sing, to whom, by the Tripartite treaty, , nut fifteen charged, and scarcely a dozen reached the middle
Shale Shooja-001-Muolk had ceded the pr,„„,,,,,, whka lof the camp. 1 'he dozen was COMpOSea of Muhommud
A ° (1 think I gee him with his blue and old shawl
he could not goveru, first demanded the long with-
held tribute. His request WIN replied to by urban all knocked aboutnow his ears), Kelm, Khan, a g
nd Lums-
the ' dens, Dander of Guides, each backed by a few faithful
erection of four hundred forts. Every village erected' henchmen. The neeh'e, therefore, was much thicker in our
its walls and fortifications, until fort and village' neighbourhood than was at all pleasant, and however we got
came to mean the same thing. Again and again did oat of it is unaccountable, but
ewe did after cutting ourcw way
Sikh sud.ars lead armies into the province, deems- atriomu onet
eenndiel:llet oef ?Peet tall ilf ruffian,i Na
'wlec: al
pee as told afh Somewhere
the fields, seising what they could, and I wards wax Shnhvad's brother, walked deliberately at Inc
hastily retiring ; but the Kholsas never ventured to with his jusail, and sticking it into my stomach, so that the
occupy the country, which they nevertheless in- I muzzle almost pushed me out of my saddle, fired!
uzThe
sisted ou rtgartling as an integral part of their 1""
'ft:Tit" flashed
code eine thet
le re 17:11 abd it axi
he
might drewas backwell thhaev je hit'6l a
empire.
• cannon-ball ; the sword turned in my hand, and the Namur,
Ntlien in February, 1816, Lord Geugh had en- I without even rosettling his turbanScommenced re-priming
camped his army under the walls of Lahore, a region-, his juzail, an operation which 1 did not stay to see cum-
' atruction of the Sikh government took place, and a' pletvd. • • • On getting out to the freih sir again, I
British resident was appointed to exercise control looked.. round, and found mys.elf with tw,oonmen
a, one of
owpriat
over the Durban, strengthen the throne of the . ten
wass . before.ihw aYThur'llirwahvemnDitorahandeeir and "f!ikhsweck
mig ht be
child Dhuleep Sing, and maintain British influence seen cutting and currettiug round the circumference of the
in the Punjab. One of the first propositions made ' camp, handsomely followed up by the enemy, and I was
by the 'Surber to Colonel Lawrence, the political sjust thinking what course to pursue, when my eye fell on
officer entrusted with that duty, was to organise a , the ;Stowe herd of camels tied down in a ring. 'Now',::
;
s
new "raid" into Bunnoo.to collect three years' arrears I m
away we both dashed at the camel;, whose long neckl to the highwayman, "the victory is ours, after all
of tribute. But the British resident was the last and were already bobbing about with fright, like geese looking
man to consent to such a scheme. The bounds of the out of a market-basket. I'p they all jumped, and tore
Sikh kite,alom, he said, should be maintained as he , themselves free from their fastenings; and I put a lot of
found them ; if the tribes of Bunnoo refused to pay theibefi„ire,ttiriooe, and drove
ienthdegeottth. i:esf iefiitel had tie my
life
tribute, an army Wrightadvance ight to enforce obedience, '+ n n
soul inatomthe buartizeZem Ind giving them a profesgisional poke
'but a British officer must accompany it to see that.
.it , with the spear, which set them stepping out gloriously. The
resorted to arms only in extremity, and committed' Nareurs who were in charge yelled like demons, and one of
Ma excesses. The *Durbar consented, au army (S, them "took up a rock," us Homer would have said (a
Infantry regiments. 2 regiments of cavalry, 2 troops greatsuc "'Ile:Mill-1'Ra; ithlisit°m%ltToTv,tLili, hnue,rleadnidtwato:ri
blithe
a artillery) from the Sikh arm was sent, Lieutenant
not
greed me if that excellent villain the hMhwayman had
I Edwardes being associated with the Sinlar in core- I not put his hand under my shoulder and toesed me back
mend. The author entered Bunnoo with the Sikh ' again into the saddle. The heroes outside now joined us,
force on the 15th of March, and was burnt out of it , and very glad I was to see them, for the whole swarm of
on the Ist of May. No military operations had been a•ls7. f1—...1.7,7n-gadlrw ientlnti,Pu.,Th'itopmf !nitetiro canirehaMerriln ae,
intended or were attempted. Lieutenant FAlwardes
firmingSre lin!, in the rear behind us and keeping oft' the
was to endeavour to show to the natives how much , :Smears with their muskets till we had pushed the spoil
they had to gain by accepting Sikh supremacy under I quite nut of reach, when they galloped up awl fiat the
British guarantee of their liberties : he fulled, as ;homes in the midst of the plain.
might have been expected. Nevertheless his miasion Ii Major Fdwardes's second volume is occupied with
was not fruitless, as the sequel proved. Under the con- , the account of the war in the province of 3looltan,
trot of a British °fifteen Slick army had passed harm-, its canot.„, incidents, operations, and issue. These
lessly through a country which it had never before ' chatters
ters nre all admirably written ; the first, de-
enteied hut to devastate. The fame of British dis- 1
1 the tragic deaths of Agnew and Anderson,
eipline and moderation spread through the country, andi
then slow steps by which the dark Moolraj
and the population, accustomed to desert all and ii y I ahnoest unconsciously advanced to rebellion. The
to the hills on the upproach of the Sikhs, noWiaccount of the operations carried on by the author
awaited the approueli of the army, and kept up• an j before Mooltan. with an irregular force, raised how
inteecourse with the camp. The 'bloodthirsty tribes ' and where their leader could get them, attached to
of Bunnoo and the army of their Sikh masters had I him by merely personal bonds, and maintained on
for the first time met in something resembling friend- 1 his credit, displays an example which should be
ship, and parted again without adding to the long ! tm,,,,„4 iv.
all who serve their counter in the cast.
account of mutual injury and hatred. The small I. With the policy of the war we have nothing here to
end of the wedge of civilised intercourse had at •do ; only if work is to be done and paid for, let it be
length been intutecsl. I dune well. With an army in the very heart of
A second, and no less important, object was also, which he was daily discovering conspiracies, which
gained: the difficulties which had invariably at- ,he was compelleeto overlook, and which might
tended former Sikh visits to Bump.° had hindered at any moment go over to the enemy, he yet managed
the invaders from diarovering the proper entrance to to fight and win three battles' and shut up the
the country. Dependent on their enemies for guid- Dewar Nloolraj in his fortress. At one time he dis-
ince, their armies had been led year after year covered that his troops had sold hint for 12.000 rupees,
through quick-sands, where their artillery was use- at another they had resolved to make a Sikh of him.
less, and across rivers which they ought to have lln spite of all those difficulties lie kept a warlike
avoidelL After a fruitless expedition, perhaps after I Mahomedan population on the side of the Hindoo
a defeat before some paltry fort, they fled pncipi- resentment, and by the battle of Suddoosam coin-
I lately by the way they came, knowing no other. pelted the rebel Dewan to forego all field operations.
But so returning from Ilunnoo,in 1817, Edwardes dis-, It was Ut this time Edwardes s wish, conveyed in a
covered, no less to the chagrin of the Sikh Sirdars ' letter to the president at Lahore. to obviate altogether
than of the Biumooehees, the fine, natural high road, the necessity of bringing a regular British army into
the real entrance and exit to the valley so long the province of Mooltan. He was anxious to cum-
and successfully concealed. On leaving the Bunnoo, menee the siege at once with his irregulars, aided
Edwardes offered to guarantee that no army should by Major Napier, with a few heavy guns. In that
again enter the valley, no Sikh show his face within ease he believes Moolmj would have been prevented
the boundaries, if the nation would lay, of its own free from rallying his force and strengthening hiswork ; '
will, an annual tribute of forty thousand rupees. It and General Whish's army might have earlier'
was rejected. assisted to terminate the war waged against the
In lhrember, BUG, F.dwardes, faithful to his main Sikh army by Lord Gough.
word, returned le bib a Sikh antic by the high road, The irregular troops raised by the author in this
into the mitre of Bannon, and proclaimed an inten- war were of far inure service than the Sikh regi-
lion
which no one appears for a long while to mends placed at his disposal by the Durbar. The
have believed, an intention to remain in the manner of raising and handling these is described in
country and govern it. A few tribes:of this dis- the following passage :
united people at first submitted, and experienced the INDIAN IRREGULARS. I
arm Was raised b personal innce • much
moderation of British claims and the security of ! •
intt'utenTeih. ens yco it bemes every political of flue
car to have in the
British protection. By patience and a display of country ender his charge—such yLsuch as lam proud to think
firmness and energy, Edwanles made so strong at every other assistant to the Resident at Lahore had acquired
impression, that his proclamations were sufficient to in his own district. See how the Rusurula tribes took
briug about in time the subjection of the whole val. James Abbott for their Khan. See how the Eusofryes
• loved Lmrneden. See how the men of Rawful in toll- l'
ley, without firing a shot or striking a blow. Again
lowed Nicholson. When the Muoltun rebellion Plindt broke
and again attempts were made by the native mail- out 1 had been, off and on, about a year among the Trans-
licks to form a confederacy and maintain the old Indus people. I had genie to them at the head of great
anarchy ; but all seemed to feel that their masters armies, on great errands, and met with great success. A
had at length arrived. A crown fortress was built master who had confideuee in me, entrusted me with almost
in the very centre of the valley, and on the day of its deitic.riht*:,
.ftridgesif
eoxrceevil; andltrustfthe jitopl •
except for good. I ousel five
completion the demolition of ale four hundred forts ••neveriiiferent countrica oppressed by ouc tyruut, and nmoved
of the natives was decreed, and shortly effected. A him. 1 found three chick in exile, and restored them.
doomsday-book was compiled, the camels numbered, '''hose countries and those chiefs rallied round me in my
and the taxation of the country settled. Simple and hour of need, and were niy army.
oqual laws were promulgated, authority began to be belf',l:reanustwuss. ;:ynestolythueirtesowuhricocroeur . influencet uk.hiwcihtilithaoltdwntoot
felt, watercourses were respected, harvests again profit. It was fixedness of purpose—a determination to
=Bed, and the Bunnoochees were made the hap- make many barbarian wills give way to one that was civi-
picst and most peaceful subjects of the crown. Used. In British India, the mind of government is regis-
From the Valley of Bunnoo,Edwardes proceeded to tend in laws and regulations for the people's good. The
visit the outlying province's, in order to introduce, if itinii;,l,setkruwththwehui: Ilitllla„ohh'esymthagimsterillf chairy maydnorte'clutheee
possible, a more regular government than had the offencoe to a certain page of a certain thick Ik, and
hitherto existed there. A single extract will give a clause 4, section 5, chapter G, gives the sentence, without
notion of the kind of service for which an officer any painful effort of either judgment or resolution.
'mist be prepared who undertakes a post in the AU contingencies are provided for he the code of
like liabbage s calculating machine, yoriTate.
Punjab provinces. 'Me object of the expedition lions, and, . .
limning to slo but to throw in the question, turn the handle,
descrilad in the next passage was au old chief who and out comes tie result. Far different is the condition of
opt the law at defiance, by refusing to pay a capita- the half-subdued frontier of an ill-governed native state.
tion tax on his camels, an example which, in a bar- There laws exist not, and he who rules must rule the people
barons country, would be likely to find many ituita- by lir will. If his will be evil, the people will be fur more
tors if unnotiall. nuserable than it is possible for any. people to be in the cor-
ner of Britiali India which is admilintered with least ability;
MOSS-TROOPING exacta SOLOMON'S THRONE• but if his will be good, as well as strong, " happy are the
Getting up at midnight, I rent one by one for the people who are in such a ease ;" for a benevolent despotism
DarultzyuSirdare Vakeel, the Ittnealelar of the Sikh cavalry, is the hest of all governments. In may little sphere, 1 gave
the adjutant of the Soomj alookbee iletuclinzent, and the my whole soul to the establishment of that lust and price-
Jammailar of the Zumbooralua I ordered them to get less blessing—peace ; and can truly say that no nuts assisted
ready, with despatch and silence, two hundred Dooranec and me without beiug rewarded, and no man opposed me with-
sixty Sikh regular horsemen to accompany me, and two out being punished. This was well known ; and when
hundred and fifty infantry with thirty rounds of ammuni- I held up my hand for soldiers,the soldiers came ; andwhen
nun each, and twelve Zumboomhs to follow as a reserve. I turned my back upon the province during an imperial
When all these were ready, I summoned Colonel Futteh war, paace still reigned undisturbed behind me.
Sing, off the lunch regiment, and made the runp over to 2nd. The army I thus raised was fed and paid out of
him in my absence, then. joined by Kaloo Khan, and about the revenues of the country which it conquered. I com-
bos of his own follower, from the city, we set forth. Sirelar menceil the war with a few thousand rupees in hand, and
Mahommed Alice and i in the centre; the Sikh Rusealdiar muintaiued it for nine months, at an expenditure, civil and
on
the right (left in front, so as to be ready to wheel up in military, of two lakhs of rupees a month, without receving
a moment) and the Deorames on the left, in such order as more titan one lakh from the Sikh, and another from the
they were mod to. Showers hail been falling all uight, and British government. Commissariat I had at first none; but
the Loonee was so swollen, and rushing at such a rate, that the war wan in a fat country, and to find corn we had only
the guides remonstrated agaiust cursing. • • • We to find money. In the extensive financial arragements
pushed on through a very ugly night, and enme in sight of which such wants and expenditure required, I was assisted
the watch fires of the Naesur camps about daybreak. The more than I can sufficiently express, by Getimal Cortlandt,
guides pointed out Shazarde far away in the rear of all, one of the best coadjutors ever man had. lie kept the civil,
ander the outer ridges, which lie like pebble stones under and I the military accounts ; and the way I did them was
the mountain called Solomon's Throne ; and I called a halt tide :—The last thing at night—generally when I was in
under shelter of a ravine to look at it, breathe the horses, bed—l hail in the black Chancellor of the Exchequer, and
and let the stragglers close up. °rest was then my surprise made him read nut the disbursements for the day in Per-
to' discover by the morning light that the gallant band of aim; I signed them, and wrote down the sum total, in
three hundred men had dwindled down to about seventy or English, at the bottom of the page. At the end of the war,
eighty. The heroes lied taken advantage of the darkness all these amounts were amended, and, the totals being forth-
el the night to loose their way, and a hundred of the Doe- coming, there could he little or no roguery. The soldiers,
camas hail tamed back from the middle of the Loonee being poor, were paid regularly eery fortnight throughout
river, declaring that the Sahib ass not going on. I told the war.
the laikh Resialdar to muster Ida men ;be reported twenty 3rd. As to discipline. There was no time to attempt
;invent out of about sixty. Of the two hundred Dooranees what regular soldiers call discipline. The men had to fight
there may have been forty. and Khaloo Khan had five men, the day after they were enlisted ; and they could only fight
and I had twelve or fourteen others. their own way. All I did was to make the best of their
This was quite inadequate to perform the task for which way ;to draw tight such discipline as they had. First of all
ire had ernne—via., to seize Shaluad Khan in she midst of I encouraged the enlistment of brotherhoods ; fifty or a hnn-
bis people and carry him off prisoner. The stout rebel, dent clansmen, with their own chief at their head. There
who had fought with DOA Mahommed, the Nawab of was a subdivision, and a company at once. Then I asked
Den, and Dewain Lukkee Mull, was not very likely to be a dozen brotherhoods which of my chief officers they would
overpowered by eighty meet ; vet I felt that it would he follow ? They picked their own, according to their border
more honourable and more wise. if I hoped for influence in feuds and friendships ; and thus I got together bodies of
this wild country, to be defrosted in a bold attempt than not five hundred, one thousand, and two thousand, each with
wt make it, after gong twelve mills to do so ; so, getting its responsible leader, who took he orden straight from me.
the men together, with • heart not over light, I led them and saw them carried out. The tribes of the country I had
em a gentle net towards the rebel camp. The grey dawn ander my charge were divided into two great parties—the
was just removing the veil which had hitherto concealed us, partisans of Futtch Khan, Towanniah, and the pasuses of
the watch pee of the mrsuotaineers were dying out, and we Dewlut Buie; andit wasinapinSible to conceive hatred more

/part n mry of the British Enmity; a History of the
hrowtom sod She People, from IWO to By lime
um. I I MANTIS Rat. not I. Charles Knight.
If the last fifty years have nut been the moat im-
portant in the world's history, as stated by Miss
:%lartineau in the prospectua to her work, it is certain
that a more eventful period. as far as Europe is con-
e, rued, could scarcely be found in the annals of all
times. Looking hail: from ISA to 1800—with all
the requin mom, and short-comings of to-day staring
IA" in the laet- - n ith dissatistit,l farmers thundering
at the gates of porliament. and manufacturers more-
OS r, not quito mire that they are contented—with
something ma entirely satisfactory in the condition
of the- Ixs,n, while retrenchment is the order of the
day. even w ith the most opulent—with the com.cioia.-
neiY, crown here that "something must he done" to
toulde the great mass of the people lamely to
esist—thc pv.gose which has been made during
the last tiny years, in knowledge of every kind that
can emulate to the welfare of the htiman race,
scents the more cast and incredible. llow our grand-
fathers managed without railways—how they main-1
taints' thentterivt, in sufficient spirits to himt the
Frisch, with broad at 2a. a loaf—how they submitted
to bait• their nada. massacred, and their malefactors
strung up by dorens--how the y tolerated rotten
boosaghs, an insolent aristocracy, and a mischievous
king—how t hey endured reckless warfare,ruinoun tax-
a, ion, and Mr. I'itt— seems marvellous to the present
generation, accustomed an they art to whirl from
one end of the kingdom to another with the facility
of the prince in the .• Arabian Nights"—to pay but a
fair pnee for their laces—to see some show of respect
for the expression of popular opinion, and some hu-
manity in the laws mid their administration—to
some degree of fairness in representation—to
an op al. class not altogether ignoring the
exist, me of the musses: and, to a sovereign
wh0..., name is always mentioned with respect,
and often with veneration. Miss, Martineau'', theme
u comprehensiveone,and.asfar W. the work has gone,
it promeas to be a valuable addition to that lady's
contriltutionn towards the history of our own days.
It is ratherunfortunate,hunever,diat the book should
make its am:trams. just at the present time, when
the exploit. of the authoress in a very different
branch of inquiry are calculated to inspire the
admirer, of her political syst, in with something like
distrust. Apart from this eonsideration, the hook
Inn. claim', v. that popularity which it will doubtless
obtain.

The Beane 1, MI Erie Porn, By (imams 241.11mcay.
Sirapian )I.4r.itall, and C.o.
One hundred and thirty-eight closely printed
pages of blank verse, written by a scholar, and a man
of taste, must int.% ituldy etaitain some points well
put. and a few passages verging upon thu poetic.
Timm few, and these few onlv, dues this book contain.
We close the "Ilelleniad" with a feeling of regret
that the author has mistaken his vocation —that his
enthusiasm has betrayed him. A man may have a
deep poetic sympathy without being a 'met—witness
the salami. of blank verse in which Mr. M'llcnry
LIN described a passage in Grecian history.
Mr. M•llcury's enthusiasm is as evident as his
lurk cf the her germ :--he pants to leave the earth
and the ‘ulzar doings of men; but, alas! the wings
ore Mooting.

A rear on Me Punjab Frontier. By Major EDWAUDYS.
'Bentley,
'fhe name of Herbert lidwardes in inseparably
connected with the toruluct of a most important
branch of the upemtionv of the Naomi Sikh war. In
thew %Owns% he collects the nu Tative of one year's
service nee eventful as to include the conquest of an
/afghan valley and two independent tribes, two at-
tempts at arm esivation in his tent, three pitched
Loth*. two eieg, is, and skirmishes without number.
The brilliant fent, which now and then announce
the rise of u man of likelihood are not always the
Dust merinwious,nor even the ablest, of which the new
corner can leak. The clangour of a valiant sword
on the enemy's shield will compel attention which
has been lung averted from greater daring, displayed
in Civilising ;wield burbunsm, or founding a new
wieiety. Thus has it been with Major Edwardes.
If he is conscious of having accomplished anything
worthy of nmembering, it is not so much his opera-
tions felon, Wuhan us the bloodless conquest of the
priwince of Bennie, and .the reelamation of its
inlnthitants fruin a pet petual intestine strife to peace-
ful and prosperous obedience to the British crown.
The valley of Burman lieu on the east of Atlghanis-
tun, enrrimitiled on three side-, by mountain range*,
within a days march horn the west bunk it the Indus,
and wpm-at:4 from tlw Sikh Dejerat, on the south,
by the Buttunee hills. Profusely watered by the
mountain streams which Now down from the Salt
Range, its crop'. never fail. and the rudest agricul-
ture is overpaid by corn, sugar, turmeric, and every
Indian grain in uhundanee. Tu embelieh the land-
waive. a graceful variety of the iihieshum tree,
to be found nowhere hut here, drops its boughs like,
mho willow, while along etrtunui and round the vil-
lages the thick miltwery, festnoned by the wild vine,
throws a fragrant shad,'. The revenue, which a
strung government might derive with ordinary care
front such a province are immense, and, together
with its velemii situation, soon rendered it an object
of cupidity to the growing Khaba power on the
oppwite bunk of the Indus. Bonn after 1808 such
was the internal weakness of the Cubul empire that
the atpital could not send a force to collect
tribute from a province NO distant as Dunne°,
and without a forte no heed was given to
reyal tax collision,. Dunne became independent
of its own lawful sovereign. About 1822 the far
more odious power which had risen up in the Pun-
jab began its ettempts to include the valley in the
Sikh empire. But if the Bunnoochees were unwilling
to ply tribute to Cubed. they were quite resolved not
to pay it to Lahore, and for a quarter of a century
they made good their revolution against invading
and devastating armies.
The Runtime-hem according to Major Edwardee,
must be the most savage people in Asia, excepting,
perhaps, the inhabitants of Seinde. 'They have every
live of Affghans in luxuriance • their virtues only
in the mad etiorteil growths. They are descended
front ninny different Affelian tribes, representing the
ebb and How of might, riht, pneremion• and spolia-
tioo in a corner of the Cabal empire, whale remote-
nem and fertility offered to outlaws and vagabonds a
secure uevlum against both law and labour. The
introduction of Indian cultivators from the Punjab,
and the settlement of numerous }Endows from the
%alley, in the hope of peacefully plundering their
ignorant Mahonuilan masters by trade, have contri-
buted. by intermarriage, slave-dealing, and vice, to
complete the mongrel character of the Bunnoo
people. Under the partriarehal form of government
huh pervades the tribes of Affghanietan, each tribe
has its hereditary chief, who administers its affairs.
Amongst the Wins, of Sunnier the tribe can-
not be said to exist ; the population is so mixed
and noosed that all genealogy is confounded. The
head of each of the twenty " tuppehe into
which the Butinooehees arc divided has become so
by ,much 11141111% as tawny lead to greatness in bar-
billow nations. A ur muter, used
to onnduct the government and receive tithes
of every landowner ; front the funds so formed
he engaged to defray all public charger', maintain the
mud fortithations, keep open the water-courses, pur-
chase arms and ammunition, feast holy pilgrims, and
relieve the wandering minstreL If at the end of the
yea he had a surplus left, it was his own •, if there
wail any deficiency, he was expected to defray it out
out of his on n resources.

Such a distribution of power in the absence of any could see the savage Cabot doge of the meicialts sitting up bitter and cliaaly than raged between Otero. Mut I had
andfro beside the ashes, before their accursed howl of alarm need of every soldier the frontier could produce ; and could
strong controlling force was *ell calculated Wen-
sh nti7is now galloped neither afford to adopt one party myself, nor allow the other
courage mutual agession.and each baronial chieftain
to thew
front, asng rel;noidpower on ass can. nett.tdteit to itle with M _ .
was accordingly occupied with annexation schemes from being first in the fray; and, although I preventuel while Fou•dar Khan gathered all the Mooltanee
direct d agatnst neighbouring " tuppehs." Other calling them in and keeping them with the rest of the party, Puthans around hint, I encouraged the Tow uh's son to
occasions of strife were perpetuallv growing out of they still whirled their guns over their heads, and shouted summon his father's friends.
the peculiar rdationa or mahowsdan life. Et.ert. ealormely that they would eat up the Namur's. But the Separate ends of the encampment were assigned to each,
t Namurs teemed in no berry to be eaten up, and turned out and,. morning and evening, when I held Lharbar, native-
fugitive from a tuppeh must be hospitably reeeiVea t at* the basing of the dogs and the shouts
and the mullick to whom he had fled was bound to like a nest of hornets,lth jusails. strod:,feralse, sad e cersiTri.either parteuarLiredSthe ease mTvraent:k the
"Assiyatmeill-
demand the surrender of the chattels and family and stones ; I thought the best eltanee I had was to make my iv. Mullik, or Fusjdar, on ',rake sideses of *the Laceet tug
revenue of land of his new guest from the superior fellows fight whether they would or no, so led them nand viewed each other with subdued° resentment.
lord. The impatient sons and nephews of maniacs, to the rear of the Nassur camp. and got t►em between. a rush would be made by both parties to get ?:711111714411
ofah bullets,in whichto didtto icingequal
bslb,the"thethem
themirtoPalrelown togetahgebleiZinthe lion maths Inca
The warfare which grew out of these feuds was surrender ; a I:surfaced proposition, to which the Nieman ' and at last little more of their former enmity reimbedlthal
directed not merely to the possession but to the des- replied, with • handsome volley of bullets and abuse.' a useful rivalry in the field.
traction of property in Bonnoo : the irrigation of the ~ Come on !" they cried ; " come on mrerrinstbee dog, I There wa• one pert of the discipline of a regular army
country being dependent on the numerous rivulets no
time, for
de talking about iiTheincr .1. In trnth
arcing ooitt was whirls was oslore,strfr etly enforced anaLonsaises than in any no.
width branched off from the principal mountain ! else left, I drew my own 'WIZ! took a 11414 hold oft chain- hing tanr. pholder. e lisdserved
the sanest o&nss of this Mim way i
bass'
streams, to divertreo as to leave a neighbour's field bridle, prophely given me by Tay... , struck spurs overlooked, the whole force would bays teams a hand of

robbers; andl made instant and severe emunples of every
offender. If a soldier wanted his discharge without pay, he
had nothing to do but to go to a field and steal a sugar-
cane, when he was followed by the screasniaghasbandman
to my tent, and took the consequences. It is a pleasing
reflection to me, that, under the protection of the irregular
force, while blockading Moolraj, Moolraj's tenants sowed
the fields around Mooltan.
4th. As to lighting them. This is a very easy matter if
men are brave; and ou the Indus frontier the population
lived in a state of feud. You might put a quarrel in any
light you chose, and it would, in their opinion, be '. a very
pretty quarrel as it stands." The difficulty was not to get
1 them on, but to keep them in hand. My grand and sole
manceuvre was "Form line!" To facilitate this, and pre-
serve it when formed, I gave every brotherhood a flag, and
1. t them make it up after their own fancy, with a bloody ,
hand, or a scimitar, or the crc-cent, or the Koran, upon it ;
anything so that they and I could distinguish it from others.
Then I gave this as an immense honour to the champion of
the brotherhood, and gave him more pay to make hint ap-
preciate the distinction. When the order to " form line"
was iasued, every brotherhood rushed to its accustomed po-
sition, under it' accustomed chief; and then the flags regh-
toted the advance, and kept the whole line even. As for a
reserve, I never permitted such a thing. A regul,:r army i
may rally and return to the charge. I have seen my own
glorious corps, the lit Bengal Fusiliers, return a third time
to the attack of a Sikh intrenehinent higher than their
heads, alter two cruel repulses and with two huudr,,d of
their men and officers down upon the ground. That was at
Sobraon. Did they get in? Of course they got in. Such
troops must get in. But it is a very ditferent thing with
undisciplined armies. They arc either succesaful, or de-
feated ut once. There is no middle course; no doubt about
the matter. so reserve will ever stop their flight ; hut the
merve will turn and run with the ails anee that ha; been
repulsed. So I threw my whole strength into the advance,
and never let them stop, but kept them always moving, if
it was but an inch. _

sth. The force was kept together during nine months of
varying success, by regular pay and kind treatment. The
oflicors sat twice a day with.me in Barber; I learnt to know
them all. their characters, their circumstances, their preju-
dice', and their wants; and by living the same life that they
did, wearing the same dress, talking the same language, and
sharing with them all dangers and fatigues, they became
attached to me, and I to them. I believe that when the
war was over, and we had seen our mutual enemy subdued,
to part wasa mutual sorrow.
Wild, barbarous, indifferent to human life, they were yet
free, simple as children, brave, faithful to their master,
sincere towards their God. The crowded city has its virtues,
but so has the desert and the mountain; and he who walks
the world aright will find something good wherever he finds
man; and nothing barren front Dan to Beersheba.

At the end of the wnr was tried for his
life, and. singular enough, applied for Edwaides to
&find him. He had previously been asked to pro-
secute the rebel, but declined both invitations; he
believed him guilty, and would not defend him ; had
hunted him with an army in the field, and did not
wish to follow him into the dock. Moolraj was sen-
tenced to be hanged, but his punishment was com-
muted to banishment aertrccs the seas.

The major, having seen friends rewarded and ene-
mies punished, trusts that his sword has not been
drawn without muse, or sheathed without honour,
and earnestly hopes that all his future life may be
given to the useful acts of peace.

in the district was diminished onc-half, and those which
did occur were cured in half the ti:ue. .

To obviate these inconveniences in cabins and
steerages, special means must he called in aid. Mr.
Wells thus describes some of the arrangements for
ensuring a supply of fresh air:

The .Cale of Mrdioines with which Vessels are to he Furnished
in l'ursuaswe of the Mercantile Marine Act. By T.
SPENCER WELLS, F.R.C.S. Orr and Co.
The Mercantile Marine Act and its provisions
have been forcibly brought before the public as a
pretended excuse fur the formidable strike, almost
amounting to mutiny, existing among the sailors
of Shields and other northern ports. Among
the provisions of that law, intended to protect the
mariner equally with the public, are several
precautions calculated to secure the health and com-
fort of seamen. Owners of vessels are enjoined,
under the threat of heavy penalties, to provide a
flied amount of well-ventilated space for every per-
son on board, and to furnish for the use of the crew
a sufficient supply of medicines and medical ap-
pliances, the amount and extent of which are fixed
by a scale issued from the offico of the Board of
Trade. Mr. Wells's work, which professes to be a
republication of this settle. in reality contains, besides
the needful list of drugs, a little compendium of me-
dicine and surgery, so far as they may be safely
practised by unprofessional persons of average in-
telligence.
Of far greater importance—inasmuch as to pre-
serve is better than to repair—arc sixty of its pages
on the means of preventing disease, whether origin-
ating in the ship, as from impure air, want of space,
dirt, damp, or in the habits or condition of the
men. The chapter on ventilation contains informa-
tion, conveyed in a common-sense style, which can-
not be too extensively circulated. The following pas-
sage is on the danger which Englishmen incur from
SLOW POISON.
But though sudden or absolute poisoning is not often pro-
duced by want of air to dilute or remove the poisonous gas
evolved in respiration, slow poisoning is so to a fearful ex-
tent. A healthy man requires four cubic feet per minute of
pure air to ensure the changes which should take place in
his blood during respiration, and to remove and sufficiently
dilute the poisonous gas he exhales. The poison of the
breath trues warm from the body, and, being wann, is
specifically lighter than air, and rises just as a balloon filled
with light gas does. It rises to the ceiling or deck, but
finds no way, of escape, no opening higher than the fire-
place; so that, unless a current of air pass through the open
door, all the upper part of the room or cabin becomes filled
with poisonous gas. Currents of pure air come in through
crevices of door-ways, carrying with them only a small por-
tion of the impure air, and the air above the level of the
opening is very little affected. Just as a bottle of oil in-
verted in a stream of water remains full, because the oil is
lighter than the water, so the part of the room above the
level of the chimney-opening, or the upper part of a cabin,
remains full of a poisonous gas, because it is lighter than
the current of pure air which passes from the door to the
fire-place. Now, it is in this upper part of rooms that
adults breathe. Their heads are above the level of the pure
air; they are bleating a varying amount of poison. If a bird
be suspended in a cage from the top of a four-post bedstead in
which two persons are bleeping, and the curtains arc drawn
rather closely together, the bird will certainly be found
dead in the morning, poisoned by the breath of the sleepers,
who, if they were On the same level with the bird, would
just as certainly poison themselves. Small rooms are just
as dangerous as a large curtained bedstead, and the close
cabin of a ship resembles it as nearly as possible. When
the bed-place is high up in the cabin, near the deck, and
there is no opening for the warm air to escape, the sleeper
is exactly, in the same positien of the bird hung up at the
top of the bedstead.
The effects of atmospheric impurity, as it exists
in the ordinary drawing-room, is well stated in the
experience of
THE MONKEYS IN REGENY'S-PILRL.
It is not very long since a new house was erected,
under the direction of an eminent architect, to accommodate
the monkeys in the Zoological Gardens of the Regent's-park,
and this dwelling was to resemble as near so possible an
English gentleman's drawing room. Two ordinary drawing-
room grates were put in, with low chimney openings as clime
to tin floor as possible, and the windows and other openings
above were made perfectly close. Some warm air was also
admitted through openings in the floor. All the openings
for winter ventilation were made close to the floor, under the
erroneous belief that the gas produced by the respiration
of the animals, being heavier than the other air of the
room, would fall and escape below. The architect forgot
that it issued worm, and therefore light from the animals,
and that when cold it would become difl'usell and mix with
the other Mr. Sixty healthy. monkeys that had been several
years in England were put into this room. In one month
fifty the
of m were dead, and the othe te
r n dyin. The
animals were all poisoned by their own breadthg. They
were living in an extinguisher. All the hot breath and im-
pure exhalations of the monkeys were collected in the upper
part of the room, could not escape, and poisoned them. As
soon as some openings in the upper part of the room, which
were intended only for summer ventilation—as if the mon-
keys could live without pure air in winter—were unclosed,
the room became perfectly habitable, the ten sick monkeys
recovered, and those since placed in it have remained per-
fectly healthy. It is curious that all the monkeys that died
are said to have died with tubercles in the lungs—true con.
eumption—the must prevalent disease of this climate, which
as developed, I am persuaded, in numberless instances in
our population is the same manner, but less suddenly, as
among these monkeys. Our schools and nurseries are not
quite so close SS this monkey house, but there is no very
great difference in many. The windows arc not opened for
fear of draughts of cold air, there is only one door, and that
is seldom opened, and the chimney opening is not more than
three or four feet from the floor. Even that is often closed.
The effects are bad enough in large rooms inhabited by few
people, but when rooms are small or crowded, the magni- ,
rude of the evil can scarcely be appreciated. In a ship,
whoa the ports and batches are closed, the people an,
exactly in the same situation as the monkeys. They poison
themselves with their own breath, and generally much
quicker than the monkeys did, because they are more'
arowded, and the pure air is more effectually excluded. It
has been ascertained that nearly 10,000 emigrants have
lately been poisoned by their own breath in emigrant ships.
They died from ship fever, produced by want of ventilation.
A few years ago 700 children, in a charity school at Nor-
wood, fell into ill-health, and many died, it was supposed,
from want of want of food, but was proved to be from im-
perfect ventilation. Dr. Araott, in his evidence before the
Health of Towns Commission, gave his opinion that nearly
half the illness not resulting from old age that occurs among
the lower classes might be prevented by a proper public
system of ventilation; and lir. Toynbee, that scrofula,
both in animal, and men, was dearly developed by inbabi- ,
tine crowded close rooms, and deepen la essinsel ems sur-
rounded by curtains, and that by a slegie mem et ventila-
tion adopted by a Samaritan Food htaasaishes with. the St.
Oeorp's sad a. James's Dispensary, the muse of sickness