The Express.
London, England, 1849-11-06 00:00:00

GERMANY.

PRUSSIA.—Our Berlin correspondent write* as
follows :
BERLIN, Nov. 2.
Have no fears foe the tranquillity of our good
country. The people and the government are recon-
ciled; ministers and chambers are in edifying har-
mony ; thin day's proctedings in the second chamber
prove it.
It bad transpired even before the opening of the
sitting that the result of the remarkable interview
between Mantenffel and Auerswald was no loss
than a tranquilliaing.monmunication to the minister '
that the liberal party in the chamber do not contem-
plate what simple souls call a systematic op,rosition ;
that they Estimate too highly the benefit the coun•ry
will derive from a new railway to refuse the supplies.
The constitutional party, rumour further affirmed,
had declared that they could no. prevail upon them-
selves to expose the county once mire to the risk of
dissolution, to say nothing of another new constitution.
To-day'a session of the second chamber established
the veracity of this report.
The Austrian journals announce the accession of
Bavaria to the interim arrangement.

AUSTRIA.—Our latest Vienna letter is as fol-
lows :

VIENNA, Ocronn 31.
It must be admitted that the Aus•rian mi..iaters
are at lent active. Their administrative re-organi-
sation of Hungary has scarcely been promulgated,
and already a new judiciary organisation of that
country is announced.
This day we have an additional proof of their acti-
vity. Along with the " most submissive" prOet of
the Minister of Finai.ce, appears au imperial patent
ordering the levy of a provisional revenue for the
financial year 1830. I transmit an abstract of the
essential points of these two d,,cuments
The Finance Minister begins by assuming that an
inevitable necessity calls for innovation in the tax.
system of Austria. " A triple necessity demands a
change in our present mode of taxation ; justices,
sound policy, and physical necessity. The prminl-
ration of an edict for raising a revenue of 187,120,121
dollars would be perfectly legal under the constitu-
tion of March ; but as the'Diet has not yet met, the
edict can only be provisional, not final ; it is only a
measure of transition : its object is to pave tho way
for comprehensive legislation ; it is not intended to ,
do away with direct taxation, but to engraft an
income-tax upon it. The land and house taxes are
therefore not repealed. The only innovation is the
addition of a new tax on incomes derived from visits'
and labour,—e, tax levied, not upon the old system et
class impute, but in the same manner u the Euglish
income and property tax."
The leading provisions of the law itself are u
follows :—The income-tax will be levied for the
year 1850. The land and house tax, which was
originally di per cent. on the gross income,
and which was diminished one-third by the law of
the 10th of October, will be regarded as a pert of the
income-tax. The remainder of the income-tax will
be levied upon three classes :—First, upon incomes
derived from trade; second, upon salaries, pensions,
Ans.; third, on loans and claims of creditors. In the
first class, all who formerly belong:d to the lowest
clue under the trade tax are exempted. In the se-
cond elms, soldiers and officers inactive service, incomes
from educational and charitable institution., and in-
comes under 600 florins are exempted. In the third clue
every income under 300 florins is exempted. lu the
first and third classes 5 per cent., in the second class
from Ito 10 per cent, will be exacted. The tax LI

to be paid quarterly. The average revenue of
1848-7-8 will form the basis of the estimate under
which the tax is imposed.
I should add, that the financial year 1350 begins
tomorrow, and consequently the tax may be levied
immediately, if the necessary arrangements are
already made. But the preparation of the tax-lists
will take several months ; then will come com-
plaints and appeals. In point of fact, government
can scarcely expect to receive a penny before Easter.
The meat remarkable feature of these documents is,
that neither in the ministerial programme, nor in the
edict itself, do we find any estimate of the probable
return from this new tax. The deficit is, therefore,
not made good, nor the dread of a new loan removed.
It is, therefore, out of the question to give govern-
ment credit for statesmanlike management in this
affair. There are no data for estimating the efficiency
of the new tax. We are continually pouring water
into a cask, without asking ourselves whether
it may not after all be the lt sky cask of the Danaiche.
" When it is found necessary to contract new loans,
before the result of two important financial messages,
adopted with • view to re-establish credit can be
known, will capitalists be found more confiding *as
formerly r This question is put by the Prase, it
which journal our Finance Minister has hitherto
balm the infant Mi.
Next after this law, which looks very Bhp
a financial revolution, the new views from Wid-
din, in the Wiener Zeitung and Lloyd, en-
gage the public attention. These journals
announce that " the affair of the refugees has been
advanced nearer to a settlement by a pretty compre-
hensive amnesty granted by Austria." The story is
in effect that the private soldiers among the insur-
gents who have fled to Widdin, and a part of the offi-
cers, are very uncomfortably lodged in tents before
the town. They have been rendered eager to retain
to their native country by privations, by ill-usage
from the Turks (?) and by fear of being com-
pelled to embrace tt e Mahomedan faith. On
the 12th of October the Austrian general
Hauslab is said to have arrived at Widdin, and
to have been received with all possible respect by the
Turkish commandant. Next day the insurgents
were quartered in the suburbs. Early on the 181 a
proclamation was stuck up at the Austrian consulate
to the effect that the Austrian government in its
paternal care felt itself moved to open to its repentant
children a path to return to their homes. "All such,
from the rank of corporal downwards, may return
home without fear of punishment, provided such
as are fi fur service enter the Austrian army.
Such officers in the insurgent army as have pre-
viously served in the imperial army are on their
return to submit themselves to an examination.
The steam-boats required to transport them have
this day b. en seat fur to Oisovs." The Wiener
Zeitung proceeds to sate that the insurgent leaders
had a• tempted to prevent the return of the private
soldiers, and that the Turks bad aided them by ad-1,
Trams of money and promises of more. Bern andl
Guyon are named as par Ccularly active in this way.
Nutwitt.standing, two or three thousand men, if we
may believe the Wiener Zeitung, are on their way
bark, and were to arrive in Orsini on the 22ad ult.
The Presbnrger Zeitung contains an official inti-
mation that Haynsu has freed • considerable number
of slightly implicated civilians from punishment, and
that 56 have already been set at liberty. From
Transylvania, on the contrary, there is intelligence
that two insurgents, Andrew Tames and Ladislaus
Sander, have been hanged at Klausenburg. Ha-
detski, too, still continues to shed blood ; at Milan, a
few days ago, a man was shot because he had con-
cealed arma. 'the hyena Hajnau has become the
milder of the two.
The ministry has relinquished the prosecution of
Fischhot ; it is expected that he will be set at liberty
in a day or two.

UNITED STATES.-CANADA.

We have received four day a later intelligence
from the United States, and the British North
American Colonial possessions, by the British and
North American royal mail steam-ship Caledonia,
which lett Boston on 'he 24th ult., cAllad as usual, to
' land and receive passengers, at Halifax on the 26th,
any arnved in the Mersey • short time since with
her Majesty's male and a large number of cabin
passengers.
The Cali donia reports the arrival out of the
Niagara at New York, anl the Hibernia at Halifax,
on her way to Boston.
The affair with the French minister, M. Poussin,
had been peaceably settled.
The democrats of New Hampshire met at Concord
on the 18th ult., and put terwlrd their candidate for
the governorship of the state.
Much speculation existed as to the success of the
Loznfccla at the forthcoming state election for New
York. This state has been always the chief rallying
point of the vihigs of the Union, and the democrats
are making every effort to bring it over, and speak
confidently of success. The election was to take
plate on the Ist of November.
The. fair of the South Carolina Institute at Charles.
ton had been held during the %nit. The exhibition
consisted chiefly of nrinufactured articles, and was
very creditable to the state.