The Express.
London, England, 1862-12-16 00:00:00

BHANGRAE, Ocr. M.

Two expeditions have been sent from Ningpo
against the rebels, and were successful. Kanding
was captured by the allied forces on the 23rd inst. ;
and Fimgohs (?) the rebel stronghold, was carried
by assault by the Imperialists on the 24th inst.
The Mahomedans in Shensi have been routed,
and peace is now restored in that province.
The Duke of Lancaster has been totally wrecked
off Formosa. The captain and crew were saved.
An extensive business is being transacted in
cotton.

Ten thousand (1 tons of shipping) have been
chartered for the transport of the raw material
from Hong Kong to Europe.
Intelligence from Japan states that the Tycoon
had declared his inability to punish the perpetrators
of the late murder, and has applied to the Entail
government for assistance.
The cholera has carried off a quarter of a million
of the inhabitants of Jeddo.

SHAM:MAE. Nov. 6
The Taepingx are moving on Kanding, and are
expected to attempt ita recapture.
It is rumoured that they are also marching to
attack Saukow.

An Imperial corps is advancing for the protection
of this city.

The news from Japan is unsatisfactory. The
position of foreigners was precarious.
The meeting alleged to have been recently held
by the Didmios did not take place.
A bloodless revolution is reported to be in pro-
gress, having among other objects the destruction
of Jeddo.

The whole country is in a most unsettled state.
Tea lower. Silk firm. Settlements in fortnight,
2,000 bales. Export to date, 49,500 bales.
Exchange on London, 6s. Old. to 6s. Id. Freight,
555. to 60s.

CANTON, Nov. 14.
• Tea firm and active. Total export to date,
67,750,0001 be.
Exchange on London, k nd. to 4e. 71d.

AUSTRALIA.
MELBOURNE, Ocr. 25,
The Murray River and Sandhurst Railway was
opened on the 15th inst.
A meeting of delegates from the colonies will be
held in December next, for the purpose of °stab-
liahing a common tariff and free trade.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
MELBOURNE, Ocr. 25.

The shipments of gold since the departure of the
last mail exceed 100,000 ounces. Trade is dulL
Exchange unchanged.
Trade at Adelaide and Sydney very dull. Ex-
change unchanged.

THE NATIONAL EXHIBITION AT CONSTANTI-
NOPLE.

We have received the following notification from
the Imperial Ottoman Embany
_ . .

A National Exbibition is to be opened et Constantinople
on the lst Ramazan (20th February, 18Z.3), for three
month'.

Although reserved exclusively for the products of the
soil and industry of the country, nevertheless agricultural
and industrial machines and implements, for practical use,
from foreign manufactories, will be admitted.
Ifanufacturen wishing to exhibit such articles will enjoy
the benefit of a remission of the customs' duties.
It is well understood that the admission of foreign
products will be limited to this sole category, and that •
manufacturer cannot send more than one article of the same
kind. _

Exhibitors must in the first place send to the Imperial
Ottoman Embassy or to a consulate! of the Sublime Porte&
duplioate list of the articles they wish to exhibit, stating
the quality, quantity, and necessary dimensions, so that
places may be reserved for them.
The articles above-mentioned which, after having been
exhibited, shall not have been sold on the exhibitor's
amount, will not enjoy any other advantage on the part of
the Imperial government than the exemption from customs'
duties.

cheap and safe exchanges. Public credit would be
Tree NEW ITALIAN LOAN. —" The new Italian improved, and the negotiation of new loans
loan is all but settled." says a correspondent of the hide- greatly facilitated by a steady market
pendance Beige. " M. de Rothschild has undertaken it at
his own risk end price ; but it will not be quoted on the demand for government bonds, which the
Bourse until all the payments are wade." adoption of the proposed system would create.
Tux TELEGRAPH sr Fautr.—" It is generally It would reconcile all existing interests by the
believed," says the Nord, " that the electric telegraph is opportunity offered to existing institutions to re-
the most rapid mourns of information. This belief has
1 organise under the act substituting a secured uni-
frequently been contradicted by the telegraphic despatches
conveying intelligence long before announced through the form national currency for the various circulations
post. The telegraph now states that Prince Lobanov, the 1 now issued. The receipts from all Rowan for the
Russian minister at Constantinople, has just quitted that
and Italy. But six weeks ago the prince Seal year ending June, 1862, were 584,000,000
city for France
was in Italy, and about the same time we announced his ' doll., being 49,000,000 dole. from customs,
departure from Constantinople. The telegraph thus briap ,
us a pews of news two mouths alter date." 1,800,000 dole . from direct taxes, and from loans,
Importing tea without colour on the leaf pre-1 530,000,000 do's. The remainder was the balance
vents the Chinese peering off inferior brown leave* as In the ! from last year. The aggregate disbursements
nasal kin& Horolman s Tea ii uncoloured, therefore always I
pot auks, gold to packets by Lao ,4„„l,....R4Tertimmtew during the same period were 570,000,000 dole. The

DEPUTATION TO THE HOME SECRETARY.
Yesterday a deputation of magistrates of the
City of London, headed by the Lard Mayor, had an inter-
view by appointment with Sir George Grey, at the Home-
office, in referee°e to the eidetic; state of the law applicable
to the class of hardened criminals shod its administration.
It should be stated that, on Friday last, a meeting of
aldermen of the City of London, convened by the chief
magistrate in pursuance of an order of reference made at
their last court, was held at the Mansionlouse, to consider
the present state of crime, and with the view to place them-
'Merin communication with herlfejesty'sgovertunent on the
subject. At that conference, which for the time w:a of a
tart' and preliminary character. there were present the
Mayor, M.P., Aldermen Challis (chairman of the gaol
committee), Copeland, /L P., Wilson, Finials, Musgrove,
Sidney, Cullen, Lawrence, J. C. Lawrence, Meek, Allen,
Phillips, Gibbons, Dakin, and Begley ; Mr. D. W. Harvey,
the City Commissioner of Police. Belem separating they
"Resolved unanimously, that in the opinion of the magis-
trates of the City of Loudon the present systems of dealing
with the criminal population of this country is defective,
highly dangerous, and unsatisfactory, and therefore re-
qtures
tmnalterasportiostion ; and that • recurrence to the punishment
of is highl."
The LORD MATOR havingdesirable read to Sir George Grey the
preceding resolution. rid his brethren of the Court of
Aldermen bad thoenitt it high time to auk for such an in-
terview, having regard to the lamentable inures of crime.
I They had lately been at greet stems in reccostructing the
glen el Newer, sod WI bialTh wlltln aft he few yaws
a gaol at Holloway,which, on its completion, was supposed
to be far in excess of the actual need, but both
those prisons were now incoeveniently crowded. The
ticket-of-leave system resulted from time to time in
bringing many old offenders back upon the metropolis,
a class of men who, being well known to the police, and
branded, so to speak, bad few or no opportunities of obt-sin-
' ing honest employment even if they desired it, and were
therefore driven to resort to their old habits for subsistence.
All attempts to reform criminals of the hardened class, and
to punish them at the same time, had ever been beset with
difficulty, and the magistrates of the City of London were
now of opinion, after all the experience of past years that
the only way of controlling this criminal element, and of
ensuring the public safety. is by a recurrence to the old
system of transportation, though that may be attended with
some difficulty, inasmuch as the parts of the world open to
the reception of the criminal population are not so many err
so obvious as 30 or 40 years ago. Next to the great object
to be attained—public safely—the %nestle') became very
much one as regarded the expense which the criminal clams
entailed upon the country, and on that ground also he thought
the balance of opinion was in favour of a well-devised sys-
tem of transportation. That was the principal object the
deputation had in view, and they had thought it possible
the government would like to have their hands strengthened
by an expression of opinion on the part of the nagistridee of
the City of London on this vital question.
Sir GEORGE GRIT said no doubt we at home were now
suffering from the evil of which some of the colonies com-
plained when we transported our criminals there. The
Ace of 1853 substituted shorter terms of penal servitude for
terms of transportation, end the Act of 1857 substituting
peed servitude for transportation, repealed the Act of
18153, so far as a judge hail power to award shorter terms
of penal servitude, and enacted that the courts might sea-
' tame offenders to the some long terms of penal tservituele
es they had previously sentenced them to transportation.
In other words, the Act of 1857 expressly provided that
sentences of penal servitude, which by that of 1853 were
dshort duration, should be fengtheoed, and under the pre-
visions of both these statutes, theiticket-of -leave system
was established. He had determined some time ago to
•appMnt a commission, composed of members of both
Houses of Parliament, to inquire into the operation of those
acts, sod especially as to the manner in which sentences
passed under their authority were carried into effect. He
thought an inquiry so conducted would elicit a grist deal of
valuable information, and result in suggestious which would
tend greatly to improve the present system. The operation
of the act of 1853 formed the subject of inquiry by &parlia-
mentary committee in 1856, and the acted 1857 was the
result of that inquiry. But after the experience of the
last five years the operation of the latter act itself had be-
come a fit subject for inquiry. and he bad therefore given
directions fora commissioagwhich would probably be issued
OD Tuesday next.
Alderman LIUMPHERT remarked upon the evils arising
from a want of uniformity of sentence, some magistrates
awarding six months' imprisonment and others two for the
same species of offence.
Sir GEOIIO2 GREY said that arose from having a variety
of persons to administer the law. He himself had been
bantered in the House of Commons as to the disparity of
some of the decisions by the magistrates of the
City of London, and ho had occasion to call the attention of
the metropolitan police magistrates to the same incon-
venience. Coder the Criminal Justice Act they seemed to
deal with offenders who ought rather to be committed for
trial. He hardly believed that the punishment of permits
guilty of robberies with violence came within the objects for
which that act was passed.
In reply to a question by Alderman SYDNEY,
The RIGHT HON. GENTLEMAN further said the act of
1857, while substituting penal servitude for transportation,
contained an express provision that sentences of penal
servitude might be carried into effect in the penal rude- .
ments of the crown, and since the act passed about
2,000 convicts had been sent to Western Anstralia.
The operation of the act in that respect would be •
included in the commission. As to the tickets et
leave, they were colonial in the first instance. When it
became necessary to restrict transportation the act of 1853
was pored, and all sentries, of transportation under 14
years were abolished. Then the ticket-of-leave was intro-
duced into England with regard to the class of convicts
which had been previously subject to transportation, and
between 1853 and 1857 it was confined to them. With re-
gard to sentences of penal servitude under the act of 1853
they were all carried out, there beingno claim to the ticket-
of-leave except in very rare care. He (Sir George Grey)
established a scale of remission varying from oneetith ; but
he also addressed a circular to every pule and every chair-
man of qoarter sessions, telling them distuictly bow the act
was to be carried into effect.
Alderman LAWRENCE said the great difficulty with respect
to ticket-of-leave men was this : perhaps every member of
the deputation was in some way connected will trade, yet
probably none of them would take a ticket-of-leave roan
into their serene if they knew it. Such men, therefore,
inevitably became desperate and returned to their old
associates end habits.
Sir Gannon Geer said that feeling would exist towards
criminals of that class whether they came out of prison in
September, say with a ticket-of-leave, or in deanery, when
their sentences expired.
Alderman LAWRENCE said he was speaking of the more
ruffianly class of convicts, asdistioct from men who had, for
instance, robbed their masters, and for the! first time it
might be—people who might become dangerous in times
of great political excitement, and such as the present Em-
peror of the French in each time had deported to Cayenne.
Sir GLOW& GRIT said it would be remembered that very
strong objections were made in the Australian colonies to
that class of convicts. The deputation must not look at
the matter hum their point of view may, but must have
regard to what is desirable inpenal colonies.
Ilia LORD MAYOR was glad to bear that a commission
was about to be limed, but what the deputation wanted to
express most emphatically was, that in their opinion the
only predicable remedy for the present state of things was
a return to the system of transportation is some form or
other.
Sir Groack Geer said it was quite useless to attempt to
transport men under short sentences—it could not be
done ; and the great majority of rote-ion were short.
That was one evil the government bad to coatAmd with,
because even before transportation WAS abolished it was a
common practice not to send abroad shorteentence men.
They could only send abroad men physically able to
undergo hard labour ; those that were otherwise were sent
back.
Alderman PHILLIPS asked whether over and above the
OFFICIAL IN sPECTION OF THE METROPOLITAN commission about to be issued, anything could).* done to op-
RAlLWAT.—Yesterday Colonel Yolland, the government in- pease the public mind ?
specter of railway!, inspected the whole length of this line. Sir 'atomic Gamy replied that be bad instructed the
He was accompanied by a number of gentlemen interested metropolitan polka to report upon every
case
of
alleged
violence which had been in the public newsp,pers
in the u erg, among whom were Mr.Johusen (resubmit
engineer), Mr. Fowler, hinFenton (general manager), Mr. and had not come under the °nuisance of the poll, e-courte,
Scott Russell, Mre Kelly, Mr. Laing, 84C. The inspection and the result had been that a great number of those reports
commenced at the Bishop's-road station, at the Paddington were totally without foundation. One of their own City
end of the railway, and occupied about four boors, during detective officers had recently exposed the utter falsehood
of a story of that kind which was bruited about. He (Sir
which time • trip was made to the City terminus at Fr-
ringdon-stmet, the engine, named the " Shah," attached to iGeorge Grey) did not, however, intend to deny that there
the train, which consisted of first and second-class carriages, I was an extraordinary number of such MODS at the present
being conducted by Mr. H. Gooch. The various signals and time, and the government had taken means to prevent their
•
points were well tested and thoroughly examined, and the recurreime. me bad had • number of persons apprehended
train propelled backwards and forwards for this purpose at ;in such eaa,„, and bad c.a.,' twat, to be medse into their
antecedents, so far as those were known. Few, however, • various rates of speed. During the progress of the train
through the tunnels • gas jet was projected from the side of I were recognised as ticket-of-leave men, but many were
the guard's brisk-van, displaying everYlPertiened the side known to have undergone penal servitude at some period
end roof of the tunnel, • and thus allowing a watching or other.
amination of its condition, which was highly favourable ea Aldermen SIDNEY—Yon ay
it it almost impossible to
regards drynerewkile the air, though slight l y cold
wee ewe recur to transportation for short sentences. May I ask if,
,
is the car of a convicted criminal serving oat kis term
disagreeable. From the trials made yesterday it was quite
abroad, the government beings him back to his counts.) ?
evident that the line could be opened today with perfect
eddy, but it is probable that the public opening will be ; Sir GEORGE GUST rid that was dose In the ease of Ber-
muda. It depended on the chance which a liberated cri-
deterred an the Lt of Jantun7, as the directors now await
the ruction of the Board of Trade, which el cootie Vesely lineal had of finding employment in she colony ; the govern-
' depends upon Colonel Yolland's report. merit must being them borne unless they bad chances of ob.
Advertisement. 1-110Lrowee's PILLS.--Stomsch rising employment. He wished it to be understood, bow-
and Skin.—The digestion cannot be long or seriously disordered ever, that he was not expressing soy opinion as to resuming
without the derangement being perceptible on the countenance. transportation, for that was an ied out in Western Ans-
These Pills prevent both unpleasant consequences : they improve tub..
the sppeUte, and with the Increase of desire for food they al
mint the powers of digestion and amdmilation in the steam 'under,Alderman LAWRENCE thought that at lout convicts ong
Ilaihsway's Pills deal most satisfactorily with deranged or die- penal servitude should be sent to miens shroud, for
eased conditions of the many organs engaged in extracting under the present system the criminars punishment in-
asurhimieut for our bodies from our various diets, as the liver, spired him with no feeling of terror.
stomach, and bowels, over all of which they exweise the mat Sir °segos Gin said many of them were seat to Ber-
muda, and that that would be a subject for inquiry.
salutary control. By resorting at an early stage of their male.
dies to these purifying and laxative Pills, the dyspeptic is ;" „6 the interview
ended,
and the deputation
speedily restored to health and strength. and his sallowness .. 'e took
gradually vanishes. tow leave.

" First —Every State wherein slavery now
exists which shall abolish slavery at any time be-
fore January of the year 1900 shall receive the
following compensation from the United
States. Presidents of the United States shall
deliver to every such State United States Bonds,
bearing a certain interest, for each slave known to
have been therein by the eighth United States
census ; these bonds to be delivered to such State
by instalments, or in one parcel at completion of
abolishment, according as abolishment shall have
been gradual or at one time. Any State introducing
or tolerating slavery after having received these
bonds shall refund the bonds and interest to the
United States.
"Second.—All slaves who have acquired freedom
by the chances of war at any time before the end of
the rebellion shall be for ever free. Loyal owners
will, however, receive compensation. Congress
may appropriate money and provide for colonising
free negroes, with their consent, at places outside
the United States."
President Lincoln then enters into a long and
earnest argument to prove that the adoption of
these amendments to the constitution are politic
on the grounds of justice, economy, and interest,
and as a means which cannot fail to restore the
Union. He, however, says that the plan is recom-
mended, not but that a restoration of the national
authority would be accepted without its adoption.
Nor would the war nor the emancipation proclama-
tion be stayed because of the recommendation of
this plan, but Its-timely adoption would no doubt
bring restoration, and thereby stay these proceedings.
This plan would secure peace more speedily, and
cost less than if force alone is relied upon. Many
objections may present themselves, but the gime-
lion is can anything better be imagined or done 1
The message concludes by saying that other
means may succeed, this could not fail. The way
is plain, peaceful, generous, and just ; a way which
if followed the world will for ever applaud, and
God must for ever bless.