The Express.
London, England, 1865-01-06 00:00:00

THE BOMBAY 211ATL.

By the arrival of the above mail we have dykes
from Bombay to Deo. IS and from Calcutta to
Dee. 8.

_
The Bhootan field force was to advance into the
Bhootan Dhooars on the lat Dec. at different poipts,
by the four columns of which it is composed. 'lt
is expected (says the Bombay Gazette) that the
Bsotanaie Gevernment will give in before long,
even if they do not it is believed that the
inhabitants themselves will sever their connexion
with their governors in the hills, and be but too
willing to come under our power and protection."
The Times of India says :—"The Bhootanese
war excites but little interest. Our forces bare
entered the Dhooms, which have been annexed to
our rule—annexed with the approbation of those
politicians to whom the principle of extending our
empire by annexation is distasteful in the
extreme. The Dhooars are admirably adapted
to the cultivation of the tea plant, which
cultivation bids fair to monopohse the
country adjacent to the Burhempootra through-
out its coarse. This addition to British territory
is likely, therefore, to_ be speedily mode the subject
'of development byZrithib otipitith The political
intelligence from the field-forth is to the effect, that
no terms which the Bhootanese :Right offer were
to be listened to until the British troops shall have
reached Dewangiri. We have little doubt that the
Bhootanese government will give in long before our
forces shall have got to the place assigned ; but
should it not do so, the inhabitants of the Dhooars
will themselves cut their owns:ion with their go-
vernors in the hills, and gladly oome under our
power, now that its permanency in the Dhooars is
guaranteed."
One of the most important events of which we
have intelligence by the present mail, is the virtual
introduction of a gold currency for India. The
following notifications have appeared in the Gazette
of India

The Goveroor•tleeezul of India in Comical, considering it
expedient that the circulation of British and Ansi/ease
sovereigns in all parts of British India and its depoodenen
should be enoouraged and facilitated, is pleased hereby to I
direst that, from sad after the publication of this nadirs-
tine, sovereign. and half-sovereigns coined at say authorised
royal mint in England or Australia, of current t,
shall, until further uotice, be received in all the
of British India and its dependencies, in payment of sons
doe to the government es the equivalent of ten and In
rupees renown', ; and that such sovereigns end helicon-
reigns an whenever available at any government trearon,
be paid at the same rates to any persons willing to resin
them is payment of claims against the government. The ea
vernar-Ciesenel of India in Conseil is *sae& to dkeet, soder
the authority vested is him by An 19 at 1861, seen= 9, that
governensetcunney notesahall,nntilfewthersotioe,be need
at the aloes and &geodes of issue of the several circles of
governmest paper currescy io British India, in exchange
for sovereign and half-ilovereigne, cased at soy authorised
royal min is India or Annaba, and of wriest weight,
rl-
caiatsd at the rate of ten and five rupees respeolively, to as
extent not reneeding oinfourth of the total amount of trees
represented by coin, ar by eon and bullies is each circle..

The Indian Daily News says that on the proposi-
tion of the Mint Muster of Calcutta, the govern-
ment of India has requested the Secretary of State
to send out four patent machines, for the new gold
mint, for the purpose of coining sovereigns, half,
and quarter sovereigns.
According to the Delhi Garotte, his Excellency
the Omuniander-in-Chief is progressing favourably.
But although he is getting over the immediate
effects of his fall pretty well, his general bealth
is impaired. There is no prospect of his being able
to move for some weeks. The move of the camp is
yet uncertain. Sir Hope Grant is said to have re-
ceived the appointment of commander-in-chief, in
succession to Sir H. Rose.

' The Viceroy of India intends to proceed to his
bill residence earlier next year than usual. All
office establishments will be sent off by the begin-
ning of Mach. For this purpose most of the re-
cords belonging to various departments have been
left at Simla. The Secretary of State has confirmed
the arrangement by which the Viceroy is permitted
to remain six months in the hills, or to be absent
from Calcutta for six months.

From Cabool we learn that matters are getting
more complicated daily, a large army
Baying been
collected by Mahcrmed Jao Ufsal Khan's uncle,
with the intention of attacking the Ameer ; some
uneasiness is felt by the authorities Jest our inter-
ference should be rendered necessary.
The whole territory of Kokan has been taken by
the Russians, who, it is said, are preparing to march
against Toorkistan.
A Persian army has arrived at Masked from
Teheran, and the Persian troops formerly stationed
there. thus relieved, have marched towards Herat.
Under the orders of the government, photographs
are to be taken of all the ancient inscriptions in the
province of Mysore. Some new light may thus, it
thought, be thrown on the ancient Jaiu empire
which is wrapped iu so much mystery.
A correepoudeut at Umritsur writes as follows
on the 29th November to the Delhi Gazelle :—"I
am surprised no one has alluded in your columns
to one of the most frightful outbreaks of small-
pox that has occurred in any place in India for
many years. It has now been raging for several
weeks, and the number of deaths (of course chiefly
amongst children) has been as high as seventy-
seven in one day. lam happy to say that the
mortality is diminishing, and glad to bear testi-
mony to the great exertions made by our local
medical officers, to mitigate the evil by vaccination.
They had the benefit of the assistance of Dr. Oar-
den, superintendent of vaccine, who has been re-
siding here during what may be called the pesti-
lence. The &teener of rain is causing great appre-
hensions throughout the country, though prices are
not rising so fast as might be expected, owing to
the singular fact that the quantity of water drawn
from the rivers by the canals has seriously affected
the navigation of the Indus."
The Englishman contains the following curious
information respecting the increase of wild elephants
iu the district of Belaspore
" We understand that the herds of wild ele-
phants have so increased in the district of Belaspore
in the central provinces, that, in many instances,
the people have abandoned their houses and crops,
and some of the reminders have applied for a re-
duction of tribute. The fact that elephants are so
plentiful, to say nothing of the injuries they cause,
has been duly brought to the notice of the govern-
ment of India, sud the Viceroy has recently sane
tioned the formatiou of a new elephant-catching
establishment in Belaspore at a cost of about
25,000 re. per annum, for two years, subject to re-
port at the end of the first year of the result of the
operations. There seems reason to believe that the
value of the elephants caught will exceed the cost of
the establishment."

As a oompanion to the above piece of news, the
1 following is found in the same paper :
We naderstand that the number of wild heals destroyed
is the mitred provinces during the lest half year im very
remarkable. -Nearly two thousaad besets, mom or lam
dangerous to human life, have been killed within si:
mouths ; imiudiog about 400 tigers mid cubs, Dearly 600
mother' and Leopards sod their cuts, 370 boars sod cabs,
land 480 wolves and hyenas sad cubs. Of an the districkh
thoes of Bornbulpom, Savior, sad Chun& have dose the
best. The returns from Somme and Kandla ere sot so so-
tiebotory, as it is known that the tigers is those distinct'
Sr. very abundant mil destructive. It le mid, however
that the tepee the 'Upper Godsend &Mot is too thick
sod mmWvated even for wild toests. Thetiger said pan-
Oar prefer ancestry where them are mom haiisSL, sod,
coosemeently• more village cattle, sod where the 'eagle
mists more in patches, or on the slopes of hills, end along
the limb of Mamas. Is a eirostry of this deseripeios, the
tiger obtaiss his food with ems, but is the dearer Meglee
he Sods his ono* balled by the bow mom el Sim
somber. *Wig*, sod spotted deer, while le the Uses sod
wad buffalo, lee is compelled to gicie a wide here.

There is but an indifferent prospect of the indigo
crop in the North West this season, in consequence
of drought, and the food crops are *Mooted in a like
manner.
The Chief Commissioner Central Provisoes haste=
quested settlement officers to report the result of
any observations they may be able to make on the

state of the native cotton cloth manufacturer, and
the probable demand in these districts for English
cotton fabrics.
The Bombay Gareth of the 13th Dee. says i-" A.
Madras battery of artillery at Befiery mutinied •
few days ego, burnt down the orderly room with all
the records, and threatened the life of Captain
Hammen, their commanding officer. This officer
has twos
been placed in arrest pending • court
martiaL"
Meer Hower Khan, am of the ex-Anmers of
&rinds, died at Poona on the fish December.
The Abors of Lukbinapoot and the Nape of
(Lobar who lately committed sow" fss in
British territory have sued for peace.
Mamba) Lamas has been trying, it is said, ii:inter
Into some communication with the Tbibetans, and
the Nepalese have expressed themselves dissatisfied
with this state of things.
It has been determined that the proposed agri-
cultural exhibition at Kishnaghtir is to be post-
poned until next mason, in consequence of the into
cyclone.
The weather in Bombay was unseasonably hot
during the day for the time of year. The public
health ad an astishasessy as during She previous
_

Any beadquarten have been removed to Bombay
from Poona.

A very influential public meeting was held in the
Town-hall, Bombay, on the afternoon of the 12th
Dec., for the purpose of voting a tribute of respect
to the neuoey of the late David Bassoon. His
Excellency the Governor presided. Resolutions
were carried pledging the meeting to raise a sub-
scription for the object in view.
The cash balances in the government treasuries in
India at the end of September last, contrasted with
those of the two pomading years, were :-1864,
17,
11,26,6428,24,496
,583 ra rs. ; 1863, 14,50,27,732 rs. ; 1.862,
.

THE NORTH IMARIOAN CONTZDERATION.

The following is the text of the despatch from
Mr. Oesdwell to Lord Monck, relative to the
proposed confederation of the North American
provinces

Downinretreet, Deo. 3, liffit.
My Lard,—Her Majesty's (overtimes t have received
with the meet cordial istisfection your lordship's despatch
of the 7th ultimo, trammitleog for their ceseldesetiou
the rescastires adapted by the representatives if the
several madams of British North America, which were
amembled et 4411400. With the 11111idielk of Iles crown,
and epos the iavitatioe of the Governor•Greavesl, plea
of every perivians, chosen by the respective lieutenant.
goyim/is, without distinction of party, assembled to ore-
eider question of the Mese hawse to every subjest
the Qum, of whatever tamer faith, resident is them pro.
vinees,- aad have strived at maclusios destined be ezersise
meet impertaut iallasme apes the harm wellies et'llie
whole emmuity. Ululated by the warmest seatimele
loyalty and &mites to their eovereign--earasstly &Mow
is swum foe Miefr_posterity throughout all future ftme
theire==it they sejoy se subjects of the British
stashed to the Meantime Rader which
Ihsf
..11tey have °Deducted their deliberations
t wigatity, and have sieved at unani.
mem meelesious on quetiom involvi4 tom, dat-
eable% and calculated, under less favourable auspices,
ban give rise to many dilemmas of °pinks. Bach so
I smug is Is the highest honourable to ease who
ham tam part in lbw ibwations. It mot inspire
mellisece is the men by whose judgment and mimes this
remblas be.. distend, sod will ever remain on record ea
in 'dime et the salatery indiums exercised by the Mali.
tatter maw which those qualities have bees
.so signally
developed. Her lfajedy's government have pima to your
despot* and to the resointiooe of the Doefereme, their
most herate maelderatiou. They have rugardei tiers
.

se • wadi% smi se haviag &We disigaed by thaw who
hem framed Aso to estaihsh es complete wad perfect
am sacta d the whole isW ace governmeat as the
eirmundesess of the caw, sod a due aonsiderados a 'm-
isting istmesta, would admit. They accept them, there-
fore as beteg is the deliberate judgment of those best
gadded to daside spas the ethics*, the bed frestemork
of a comosure to be pawed by the imperial parlimmet for
attends( that mod desirable result. The past a pried*
ireporhame to the practical well-working cif the deem is
W asemarci delermisation at the limits Wilma the maim-

rity of the simnel mil that el the local legislatures, in
their MeV= te enh Mier. It Ins sot beenrible to
sonde hem the megnMees sum provision wh
to be leas he
them might, wham lave=
desired with the slopitelty and unity of the ma-
nn But, epee the whole, it appears to her
Majesty's government that ptecantiona have base tikes
which are obviously interned to secure to the ceukel go-
verment the means of affective arks throughout the
several provinces, and to guard against those mils which
most inevitably arise Sony dotbt were permitted to mist
as to the respechve limita of central sod local mile
rity. They are glad he observe that, although large
powers of higialaelos so tureen to be vested in local
IdaZy yet the principle of mend control has been
kept is view. The importune of this principle
mann be overate& Its erimmasee is asestial to the
poetical 'Seery of the siren, and to its harmonious
operation both in the general administratioa ad in the
governments of the enema prorasss. A very important
part of this subject is the espouse which may attend the
working of the central sad local governmecte Her
Majeity's (overman asesot but express the earnest
hope that the arrangements which may be adopted I. this
respect may not be of rack a enure as to increase, at least
in any oonsiderable degree, the whole expeaditere, ce to
make say material oddities to the taxation, and thereby
retard the internal binary or teed to impose sow bur-
den es the commerce of the country. Her Majesty's
governorst are anxious to lase no time in conveying to
yam their pascal appreval of the proosedinp of the Con-
formes. There ere, however, two provision of (seat
importance which seem to require revision. The tint of
them is the novena sostaised is the 44th resolution
with respect to the exercise of the prerogative of pardon.
It appears to her Majesty's goverommt that this duty
bebop to the representative of the Sovereign, sad could
not with propriety be devolved upon the Inatinane
(overman, who will under the snow be appointed, not
directly by the crown, but by the central government of
the milted provisoes. The sesood point which her Ma-
jesty's governesses deice should be re-considered is the
coostitution of the Legislative Council. They appreciate
the ansideration which have influenced the Coatroom is
determining the mode in which this body, so Important to
the moritution al the legislature, should be composed.
But it appears to them to require further eon/adoration
whether, if the members be appointed for life and their
ember be lied, there will be say magnet mass
of restoring karsamy between the
_Legislative Council
sad the popsies arembly, tf it shall ever unfortu-
nately happen that a decided difference al °vision
shell arise heiress them. Then two points, relation to the
prerogative of the crown sad to the constitution of the
Upper Chamber, have appeared to require distinct and
separate aolin. Quenon of miner consequenos and mat-
ters of detailed arrangement may properly be reserved
for a future thee, whoa the provisions of the bill n-
eeded to be submitted to the imperial released gall
come nadir comaideration. Her Majesty's goventsest as-
Saipan no serious difficulty is this part of the osse, since
the neolations will (spirally be found sufficiently explicit
to guide them who will he entrusted with the peepers-
Mon of the bill. It appear to them, therefore, that you
should now take immediate measures, in comet with
tin hesenaaegoresors of the several provisoes, for
. . .

submitting to liar respective lagislaturss "die projed of
the dunned ; and ff, as I hem ion arealio to report
that theft legislatures madam and adopt the scheme, Isar
Majesty's government will render you all the &mislead is
War power fur carrying it into effect. It wW probably be
found to bo the most convenient coarse that, in
0555.5$ with Neuteda you should died a
&patinae d ilia pesetas bsat qualified to pressed to Ibis
coati. that they may be present during the palpitation
of the bill, sad to give to but ltspiity's !government the
bensit of &dr ocannel upon say pewee= wild 3057
arise dor* the pledge of this measure Omagh the two
hansom of psalament.—l ban, be.
B. ataawnr.

The North German Lloyd's sod the Hamburg
wed Armerisas ompeadis are mob having a new steamer
bailt I. this sosatry to complete sleek arrasitemsote for
satablibing • weakly !mail packet oommaniestioa betimes
Sestisamptea wed hew York throughout tbe year. The
Royal Nail Oompasy are also leaving three sew steastem
In the museum of the Highland Society,
TV. Bridge. Ihilaburgh, sin the &atrial Pormer?il
is st psemsuAs welisollso of Drill wis* essiehilisi
'poste of TO s
adidair, 1116,127:00. of halecus
bees selected raised N. Shirred. •
wheels were pova at Let mem a
/arty at simemaieweleivermd ass sesemod we as is Mime at
• single gismo the dreasteristiee and comparative worth
at
emit varlet . Be iseintehim a aollectios has never
beisatiss ; and se 46 mem at bas moil is
its gement milks, the admirers ot the wheat pleat ought
to mow", se oppoetusity of szazoising this interesting and
lematifol colleetios.

the Onarefig•

oosuueNDirarrs.
Avorllownosis Wooded tor Tbo Sopron Loudon Nriabdi
sad be at Obo Odloo. 10. donowtwatroot. by Two
ea Yr day et yoldloWdow.

DAYMAIPIZT.
Tie Imam DAVID 4IAZILICI. —L31113 MIDWAY
YAW= AND DONE VOL Ms Baba% Dead. Beek-
doss, &Niko : Samrdos.—PRINCIIDB LU
Mr. Compboa sad Mr Ktiekty.—.Asd wsnSPm lOTIMIL

Two insole. Tat MAZYNO.IIIEAND TIM ICI MAIM(
lIIINCIOS.—Sad TEN [MAIDS OF LONDON. Nassis. Vials&
J. W. NAL D. nabs,. D. id , Z. Nakao. H. Annalak sad
I. WM= ; Kra L ManDa. YWr Dares* sad Olives.

LYCZIIII.
Tais Engin, KY WIITI OCT. Mr.
RUT SLA& Mims. heater. Ryden Fitspalrkk. (UZI=
mod, llohltyre, Moreland. Collett, Milord • Who C.
1.1.031. Mr. Wlddiaarsb.

IlawrMk LIT= EWTwBIL : or, Uwa Old Lady of
ilwarolaradlantrast Mesdames & lam, W. Cranford. as Y.
Jambi; WY G. Illigwoot /Imam% Piatomdands —And THE
WOILICALIALS 0T lONLlON.—Comisanor M halfmasi

NM WA= AT LONDOICARIDGI.
TI DAY Mania& DA INA....Aftenwas. 9IL DIA
TO•11MLIOW —. Weida& 116 40(A....Attarsoas,100. 17a.

LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 6.

IT is discouraging to have to record the progress
and embitterment of dispute& between masters and
workmen in the first week of • new year. The
artisans connected with the building trade in the
Midland districts are just now in a state of greet
excitement, owing to an announcement on the part
of the masters of an intention to introduce • "
"charge note," to be offered to each workman on
quitting his employment, and without the pude°.
tion of which no master belonging to the Associa-
tion with which the arrangement originates, will
receive him into his workshops. The terms of the
note have not, we believe, been published,
but from letters which have appeared vs
gather that it will express the master's estimate at
the workman's character and conduct, and form a
record of his " antecedents." Indeed for arty ,
purpose short of this a note would be unnecessary,
as every master may easily satisfy himself in a mask
more satisfactory manner of the skill and capacity
of • workman presenting himself for employment.
The men object to this "discharge note." They
say that the masters in putting it forward are in-
troducing a new element into their contracts with
their artisans. It would be more correct to say
that they are providing means for the more formal
and ostensible recognition of an element which has
never been entirely absent from those contracts.
Every master in every trade when taking men into
his employ acts upon such knowledge as he hap-
pens to posies, of the personal characters of those
who present themselves, and, other things being
equal, gives the preference to such of them as are
known to be sober and peaceable, and to keep their
word. A much more serious objection to the note
is that it is the carefully chosen instrument of
the masters for carrying out the ends of a new As-
sociation which they have formed with the object of
obtaining complete control over the fortunes of
every individual workman. We believe that no I
one can read the letters which have been pub-
lished on behalf of the masters and not be con-
vinced of this fact. Such expedient is not mam-
my to protect the masters against bad workmen ;
but it may be thought desirable in order to
enable employers to punish those among
the men who have been foremost in
semerting the interests of the employed.
The carpenters and joiners of the Midland Counties
struck last spring and gained an advance of wages.
This, it appears, has not been forgotten or for-
given. The masters are saying that they have no
protection against workmen on strike, if, in conse-
quence of the abundance of work in the country,
the latter can go to another town and immediately
get work. It is proposed, therefore, that the masters
shall unite in one formidable society to resist what
they consider the tyranny of the men. But this
is open war, and the discharge note is simply a
weapon. We cannot be surprised that it should
be so regarded by the workmen, nor that they
should be preparing to resist it with all their might.
The excitement is strongest at Birmingham, where
three hundred and fifty masters have formed them-
selves into an association and are introducing the
note ; but meetings of artisans have also been he'd
at Nottingham, Wolverhampton, Malvern, and
other towns. What the men have to say to the
introduction of a system which p'roclaims •
supervision of one clue of Englishmen over the
character and conduct of another, may easily be
imagined, and need not be repeated. The testi-
mony of third parties to character is commonly re-
quired when it is proposed to take a stranger into
relations more or less personal and confidential, as
when • servant is about to be received into • family
or a clerk to be entrusted with the secrets of a
business, and everybody acquiesces in the practice as
necessary and reasonable. But no such bond fide
reason for this innovation can be assigned. It is
simply, as we have said, • new weapon forged for
the masters. On their part it is said that they
were in want of such an one. We cannot deny
that it is natural for each party, under the uncon-
trolled influence of clans-feeling, to call into play
every engine which ingenuity can devise against
those whom they have chosen to regard as enemies.
But the disposition is lamentable, and even in war
public sympathy is not usually given to those who
bring more effective means of destruction into use.
It is, moreover, • question whether the note can do
anything but irritate the men and envenom their
differences with their masters. If the same propor-
tion between the supply and demand of labour
shall be found to prevail in the building
trades four months hence as existed last spring,
when the men struck successfully, it is evident
that the note cannot be enforced against the will
of the men, and nothing will have been gained
by its introduction. The masters are evidently
the aggressors in this case, and must expect
to see a larger measure of public sympathy
extended to the men than has been given to
them on former occasions when they have been
seeking new advantages by combinations. At
present the workmen are resisting an innovation
intended to reduce them to a most galling bondage,

and they would be less than Englishmen if they
did not resist. At the same time we ainoerely trust
that their sours* will be marked by prudenes and,
as far as possible, by conciliation. A strike now
must be most calamitous. In fact, wkwasver a