The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-28 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING. DECEMBER 28, 1840.

1 o' recurit7e, th,re 1. stood reason to
put up again.— The fluihkr.
isTITCTION.—If mere numbers
indication of the sptead of scientific
A this institution on Saturday would
'here was a constant influx and efflux
from an early beer till night. The
aro active part of the entertainment
, features, with the addition of some
, which prwved• nit usual, especially
etion of schntilie curiosities included
ated gun cotton, few which there were
diving bell was put in requisition by
entitles included, oaring the day.
itollse liVaS m-
ain, after un,7erzoing a total trans-
converted it front a place of dramatic
e and slanting atleote, under the title
the Casino with the Hidutto. To
pit is covered over, and the orchestra,
Zwick, is raised over the place of the
rile being very handsomely fitted up
rig a profusion oh plateeglasi, forming
at reflecting material. The first part
s a concert, vocal and incomm estrumental,
after whieh the &suss nces,
knee of efficient musters of the core-
he Waltz, Quadrille, Mazurka, Polka,
err well attended.
Erening Posf
t an early number, a sketch of the re-
awe which Sir W. Hantilton announced
alertly, at the last meeting of that
ly received from Professor Maedler, of
9 prraumed discovery of the existence
trail sun.
TAIN STE.,NER.—The Ten Tomna
uis sting the information that the direc-
-4..1(4 all intention of attempting to
odds that a Mr. Stead, having
ing tho ship, was answered by Captain
rzuation that his was the 412th similar
I received.
tGER'S SeAßcti WoRKs, BROMLEY.
vortly oVoek, a tire broke
re and well-known premises, belonging
and Co., patent starch manufacturers,
tee, Bromley. It commenced in the
what cause could not he ascertained.
neighbouring distillery, and three be- ,
on Fire 13 iga le, and the West of Eng-
e spot with as little delay as possible, I
itrtions of all parties, the flames were
ore one drying-room was burnt out, and
erably damaged bv tire. The out sow
and Imperial Fire-office.—lN THE
%today night, shortly after 9 o'clock,
meta at Fox-court, Kent-street, South-
non, and a larfre Mel of mere with the
!tended, and, atter throwing a quantity
pun, they were able to enter the place,
r they discovered the lifeless body of a
roosted to a cinder, and all her clothing
e tire had been extingui hsed an exami-
:ses was made by Mr. Henderson, when
at the deceased woman must have fallen
e, where her clothes by some means be-
h communicated with the apartment and
the deceased. It is suppesed she was

,TrunAr.—TllE BtRIAL OF STILL-
-By Mr. Payne, at the Saracen's Head
c body ef a female inf int, alleged to have
ich W. buried in Aldgate church-yard, a
wen presented to the grave-digger to that
born on Monday morning, and died the
. Taylor, the midwife, got a certificate sign-
it deceased was still-born, and presented it
of Aldgme church-yard, who, upon that
Subsequently, upon information being
he ward beadle, the body was exhumed.
a surgeon, made u po
st-nuolem esami-
-
ated that deceased had lived some hours,
the cause of death was exposure to the
unctions were all in a healthy state.—Mr.
Aldgite church. slid that the certificate
the way that all were which referred to
(ha produced several with the signatures
MICR a.itached).—The Coroner observed
ell but that the signatures were fictitious,
is duty to make inquiry. It was a most
tice. Verdict—" That the deceased was
that there was not sufficient evidence to
and the jury added, that they could not
expressing their severe animadversions in
anner of burial of still-born children, and
rover to commanicate the same to the

IRELAND.
DUBLIN, DECEMBER 26.
papers were published )esterday, so that
mmation of the state of the country,
ite benevolence was very active during
brd the poor one day of happiness, and in
le institutions provisions were very lihe-
ed to the inmates, which will be re.
rear's Day. Parochial meetings have been
aside accommodation and maintenance for
r. As an instance of parochial zeal, the
therine's subscribed, at a meeting on Thurs-
its own poor, while the Great Aggregate
day b fore, realised less than 5001. Under
luences of self-defence and charity the citizens
re steps to mitigate the destitution which
ens through our city on every side, notwith-
rowded state of the poor-houses, and the
Pdendicity Institution. In the southern work-
lity has beauconsiderable, which has induced
osome of our most eminent physicians. The
the Bank of Ireland has been imitated by
which has subscribed 300/. to the general
he distress of the country. An account has
d for lodgments to the credit of the fund, to
tors and tAlicers of the Hibernian have added
(3001. The Indian relief trustees, who, with
eans, effected much good, have had their
,gthencd by contributions of 2601., chiefly
It is much to be 'amen' ed that the impres-
opular arming" should have suspended the
generosity, which in times of partial suffer-
sinee province was only affected, came so
munificently to Irish relief.
d the repeal secession still works. The Rev.
mcount of the interview with Mr. Smith
rawn from the latter a long letter, in which he
ory of his connexion with the Repeal Associa-
causes which led to his withdrawal. The
fought out more sharply, and explained
es oflanawige than Mr. O'Brien has heretofore

imposes " That it ehall hereafter be an invariable
he rep:al policy to keep the Irish nation wholly
' English parties opposed to repeal; to support good
to oppose bud measures, from whatever party
woe; and that with a view to give effect to
upon the mat hormurable terms repeaters be
abstain from solicitation of situaticms under
'defter far themselves or for their friends. That
the past expetaliture oast he Repeal Association be
an account of its assets' liabilities to the lot Jan.,
in future the abstract of receipt and expenditure, which
cekly to t committee, be puble.hed every week. That
still continue de treasurer and trustee for the associa.
io payments beat ade by him except with the recorded
committee. T
ank the funds of the iimociation be lodged
metropolitan bs, or in government securities, and
.nt of the balance in the hands of the treasurer be laid
nmittee weekly. 'that no °Mier receiving a regular
the association be entitled to vote in committee.
Kay prepare a report upon the internal ar-
nocessary to give effect to the objects contem-
he llepeal Awsociation, in order that the public
.ed that no unneerrsary expense is incurred in the main-
useless staff, and that hereafter the utmost publicity be
Procecdmlnv as the mod secure hods for the attainment
ttdence. That no person be hereafter expelled the osso-
it upon a vote of the association, after a we k's notice.
ch as the lte:ical Asacciation bi a n
cofederacy to which
iging to every religious persuasion are invited for the
orking out the legi.ilative emancipation of their common
means of moral, inti..lectual, and political influences, it is
avoid as much as passible the expression of opinions and
n of topics of a sectarian character; butt hat such under-
int pretended to prevent remmudranee against substantial
which may affect the religious interests of any particular
amen."
satementa is the north continue to be recorded.
,e mo 4 recent is that of the Fishmongers' company,
i followed the example of the Mercers and Grocers.
ing the deputation of their company, which visited
ates in Derry last September, a reduction was
flO per cent. on the half-year's rents due on the Ist
at. 'this operated as a stimulant on the tenants, who
rithin a fortnight after the notific ttion and cleared
ale. The 10 pee cent. was in addition to 20
he-
per
wed for draining, fencing, &e. The company,
re afforded constant employment to 150 labourers
re last three mouth;, and have offered to employ all
iris g population on their estates until next harvest.
re also granted 3701. to purchase meal to the relief
yes on their property. A new mode of relief has
d in the North. The tenantry of Sir It. Batesou
red the system which has been followed byn
othethe
r
, namely the voluntary imposition of Gd. I
n the poor-rate, fur the relief of the extern destitute.
PRESENTMENT SESSIONS.
night's Gazette orders Presentment Sessions for
additional bar .114.8.
oroceedings of two special sessions held in Clare in
,mencement of the week, show the immense misery
nust pervade the county, notwithstanding the enor-
tpenditure under the fined of Works. In the barony
.er Tulle, the county curveyor stated the w
:o amount to 2,0001. ? In one barony the application
tea to 102,0001., and in the other to 93,0001., being
three limes the valuation of the two baronies.
uoriiinary Stations were also held at Ballydehob,
larhery, county Cork, on Medley last, and public
to the amount of 33,0001. were presented for, Skib-
,, whieh has attained so painful a notoriety recently,
tis district.
Dunmimway, on TuesdaY. the proceedings were under
thour-rate Act, and 9,000/. were presented to finish
Odic works pees. Med f3r at a former sessions, from
12 7910. had been sanat toned by the Board of Works.
Templemore, on Tuesday, for the barony of Ikerrin,
y Tipperary. The proe ,edings here were under Mr.
alien's letter, and I. Oa were presented for repro-
tc. undo. At these •.,11.LOTIS the following letter was
irons Capt. Lareoni, one of the Commissioners of Public

Relief Depirtmmt, Office of Public Workry Dee. 17.
, -In reply to your titie4ion whether if your turonial torriong be
the letter,' un el +long dicort will be exempt from
be—that's, a levy of its proportion of the a,,sesentent --as lOW

!:,I,ii:,t,lrtaraent,ra,,in executed, no ',lief :Int
of it b; reamn of pri-
vate em Aloe n.. hig s chat no anis anen't can be maileor
not °seemed. ;tit I the electoral di vinione agefore in which wOrkwe rare
hbeetcnatirendun eforedr theunne time druitlingiwilwarkeehm*thela"tothse'‘vielectiltemalnemdritifsrill.t
will be taxed to repay the sum eroded by ptrentment in them.
This mar annwer your question to the extent you intend to put it, but
the words "to long Us" the works presented for within it remain
tin-
executed require, perh Ina, a few further remarks. It
contemplate the CIAC of a barony eontaiaing, say, thewweleddereetmort,i7
dieinionn, In two of which the works have become executed, while the
tre,mieatrit,al
vettied,o., awndoutlhae
elontiniumn"
iwno:ilrehtnatr iseththaird
;is+ wunent are, be the letter, divided into'eltirtoral
this requires& long answer, via. :—there can benodeueb7ntwll 'tight"
the works and the
ielectoral division.
rdictherefore,
Ave ii,otno thee winoertur4siiona oteleautbtihr‘ei
division., the people are not AO divided, and th
labourers of the
distance might render thin ton great extent long as
,steal; but
the
case thin would became that ad the available works of the third . the
burst division would be ei nem ned, and a nsw sessions would elec
nary ; hol4 t as the new ,t 11011.4 must be for the whole b irony, ucthneeese
un-
execute venr4
xwould h ive to he re-presented fur in their
own
electoral oltrision. (sr" &ern.); and If they still emtinued
nary by private labour g &denied, the workn in the othertemleenloTal
division would again be consume:l, the third divitl,*onlewt:Juld again
escape. an Iso on. And this is the way I conceive
must favourably, a. in a 'pity no mirth an on electoral ViZneatri
r
11.31 A
e you put may frequently arise, and the proprietor, who
se poor may ("* payment for the poor of Wi °er cle Weal d' 7
u,n.Str, your obedient +errant, TllOll4ll A. LAacox.
John Carden, 1,^1., itarnanc, Templemnre.
POolt LAWB.—TILALER UNION.—The Kerry Examiner
gives th • following picture of the side of the Tralee union
workhouse The Chairman acid, that there were in the
house 1,0;2 paupers, not • licheling 44 in the fever hospital,
and, thee, fore, he would recommend the board to have tee
medical officer's opinion Wire they would sated in more
admissions. The unethical otficer having been called, gave,
no usual hie some tint' past, a horrifying account of the s:at,
of the patients in the hospital. He Raid it contained 189
patients, more than double the number for which it Was
originally intended, that they were lying four or five in each
bed, and that fever and other cuntutious diseases were all
confined withia the tine hital." In onsequence of this
statement the ettertlians ca oepme to the recsolution that they
would not admit any mereaup.
The Shinrone correspondent of the Tipperary Vindicator
relates the following gratifying symptom of improvement in
wholesome knowledge. The Rev. Mr. O'Malley, P.P., hes
opened a meaner teem in Shinrone, fur the purpose of en-
lightening the people on artriceltural suejecte. There is
nothing political introduced. Suclt useful works as Schil-
ling% on Agriculture, ant the Former's Gazette, constitute
the literary pabulum supplied by the rev. gentleman, who is
incessant in Itie exhortations to the people to change theirold
system of tillage, as ruin and starvation must be the result if
resort be had to the extensive culture of the potato. I regret
to add, says the same correspondent, that the people are not
making any prenaration for nekt season. They seem to be
quite bewildered as to what crops they will sow. 'Tis almost
impossible to persuade the respectable farmers to change
their old content.
THE WEATHER. The weather continues excessively
severe. There is a considerable depth of snow on the ground,
and the frost for the last three nights has been interim.
There have been many accidents arising from the extreme
gleciness of the streets but none of a serious character.
There is scarcely a district, certainly there is not a town,
throughout the country in which soup kitchens either are
not already established or in progress of establishment.
SACUtLitoc—On Thursday evening last, the church of
Killionane, in the diocese of Cork, was broken into by some
of those depredators who are now legislating for the country.
A box was forced open, containing the bible and prayer_
bootee, and some wine for sacramental use, and was taken to
an adjoining field. The books were found next morning
twittered in the field. Nothing else was left at the church
which was capable of being taken away.
DRAINARE.—Sir,—As you seem to take a special interest in
the affairs of Ireland, may I suggest to you the expediency of
allowing the farmers in Ireland (uuder lease), to draw three
or four pounds per acre for drainage, under the superin-
tendence of a government officer, in cases where the landlord
has not availed himself of the benefit of the drainage act,
or exerted himself to find employment for the destitute poor.
here would be a source of local beneficial labour of a profit-
able character —as the farmers ore to pty half of the
labour-rate, Ido not see why, government should not
enable them to employ money in Immediate useful labour,
for the permanent improvement of the property, upon r thei
undertakine to pay three per cent. for the money so ex-
pended during their lease. I tun convinced that, unlike the
Irish landlords, they will come forward and avail themselves
of this offer, and the increased produce will fully reconcile
them to the payment of the annual interest. One objection
may be urged against this proposition : that government
have not made main drains, or remoteved the bars and ob-
structions in the public rivers. ider puhlic sewers
as requisite as public roads, and am convinced that
the obstructions—the twenty-five great rivers in Ireland—
will claim the immediate attention of the executive, so that
the formation of the small and private drains will precede
the public drainage only by a short iaterval. Government
can avail themselves of thus opportunity of imposing terms
114 to the tillage of crops, now neglected in deepair and
thereby create additionel labour and hope fur the future.
After the present emergency is past, I am clearly of opinion
that nothing short of a permanent labour-rate will remedy
the evils of Ireland, whereby the landed proprietors, &c.,
will pay a certain portion of the wages of the destitute peer on
theireetateß,ana the government the other. The rate upon the
absentee property to excecdthat upon theresident proprietors
and the rate not to exceed a certain poundage on the rental,
if the average number of persons employed were 50,000, and
millions labour-rate to be expended on railroads, drainage,
waste lands, Harbours, &c. By this arrangement, you would
stimulate the Irish landlord to expend his money pe
employment it would urge him to introduce a proper sys-
tem of tillage ; to superintend the industrial education of the
people ; and it would put a stop to absenteeism, which is in-
creasing every hour. Without this check upon the idleness,
rapacity, and neglect of the Anglo- Irish proprietors, the
expenditure of public money will be absorbed by ea in-
creased rent, and a premiam will be offered to absenteeism
and extrivagance.—VlATOß.
GOOD AND HAD IRISH LANDLORDS.—Oar readers must
have often observed Cie name of the Marquis of Conyngham,
in discussions of the evils of absenteeism, accompanied
by carelessness of the welfare of those from whom large reve-
nues are derived. The following extract of a letter from Mr.
J. 11. Take, of York, dated Ballyshennon, Denegal, the 16th
inst. (with which we have been favoured), will show that
the state of the population on the extensive property of the
above-named nobleman has not been e
xaggerateUlster here
a fmer
re
writers, and that even in the province of
districts feet approaching to the wretchednem already exist
ing in the south of Ireland. The difference between a good
resident landlord and some of the absentees is sttikingly ex-
hibited in What is recorded of the tenantry on the estates of
Lord George Hill and the Marquis of Cenyngham —" On
the 15th (Dee.) we were at Lord George Hill's hotel, at
Gwedore, and are fully able to add our testimony to the
statements which have been made with respect to the admi-
rable zeal and benevolence of this noblemte d ian, and to :the
great improvements which have been effecn the land
and the pemantry of one of the wildest mountain districts of
the county of Donegal. The following morning we started
at day-break for Glenties, 35 miles aeroaa the mountains,
and oiler leaving Lord G. Hill's property, we soon came on
that of the Marquis of Conyngham, the condition of whose
estate has obteined so unenvieble a notoriety by the remark.
upon it of the Times Commissioner. Our road led us for
more than 25 miles through the marquis's property. No
statement can be too strong with respecttovati the wretched
ch
condition, the misery, and positive starvation in whi
the enttiers in this immense demesne are fouhatnd. a
con-
We
baited at a miserable village, Dunglow, and w
trast did it present to the excellent hotel, &c., at Gwedore
the dilapidation and filth which met us everywhere in this
place are indescribable. There was not a pound of meal
(Indian or oats) to be bought, yet thousands of persons
were depending on this place as their market town,
and the peer people were crying with hunger and cold.
They could not obtaM anything nearer than the store of
Lord G. Hill, a distance of twenty miles ; that excellent
nobleman having,. with his usual forethought, provided a
depth of food, which hegenerowdy allows not only his own,
but the miserable tenantry of the Marquis of Conyngham,
buy at prime cost. The clergyman of the parish (a poor
curate), whose dilapidated house indicated the poverty of
the place, spoke in the strongest terms of the " awful state
of distress in the parish.' He thought there were
"hundreds of families who knew not where to look for
bread for thatday." He mentioned instances of families of
seven or eight persons living on two pounds of oatmeal for
one or even two days, made into thin gruel. He had the
day before shared the general want of food, having had but
one meal in the house, and not knowing whether there was
any supply at Lord 0. Hill's store, or whether, owing to the
snow, it would be possible to pan over the mountains. The
extreme wretchedness of this district is in great measure
to be attributed to the want of a resident proprietor.
The tenants of Lord 0. Hill arc no doubt suffering
severely, but he has given them work, has provided them
with cheap food, and is constantly. employing him-
8, lf for their benefit. The Marquis of Conynghata,
on the other hand, is, according to his own statement
in the Times,. unable to do anything for the people on his
estate." From Dunglow we came to the town of Glenties,
also the property of the marquis, and on our journey met
which the imastina-
with the most squalid scenes of misery
tion can well conceive. Whilst hun reds of thousands of
acres of reclaimabe land are here entirely neglected, there
are thous l
ands of men willing and anxious to obtain work,
but unable to procure it. There is a poor-heuse here, which,
as might be expected, is in a dreadful state. The people
are, in fact, even as the house, half starved, and only half
clothed. The day before they had had but one meal, con-
sisting of oatmeal and water, and at the time of our visit had
not sufficient meal in their stores for that day's supply. The
poor creatures complained bitterly, as well they might, and
were smile of them leaving the house, preferring to starve in
their own hovels rather than in the peorhouse. Their bed-
ding consisted of dirty straw, on which they were laid in rows
on the floor, and the rooms were hardly bearable for filth:
six persons were crowded under one poor rug, and we did
not see a single blanket. The living awl the
der dyithe same
ng were
crowded together on the same dirty draw, un
miserahle rug : no wonder that disease aad pestilence were
filling the intirmary, and that the pale, ragged looks of the
poor boys and girls told of sufferings which it was impossible
to think of without the deepest commiseraion. What do
people who call themselves Christians meant
When they talk
of ' leaving Ireland to itself 2' "—Leeds Mercury.
LITERATURE IN IRELAND.—A paragraph'
has
been going the round of the papers, and 14 " improved " to
great length in the Leinster Express, furaishes us with
matter for grave thought.—" In Ireland there are eeventy •
four towns, each with a minimum of two thoimand five
hundred inhabitants (census 1311), not one of which contains
a bookseller. Scotland, with a third of the popula-
tion, has three times the number of booksellers,
being M the proportion of nine to one. The seventy-
four tewns without eat) of the trade' includethe following :

—Dungaree's 12,382; Carrick-on-Suir, 11' 049 s Toughs)
9,939 ; Carr;ckfergns, 9,379; Cashel, 8,027 ; Newtewnara• '
7,621; Lisburn, 7,524; Kinsale, 6,918. More remarkable
stall—there are six counties which cannot boast of even one
•
bookseller, or a single circulating library, and we shall came
them :set. Donegal; 2. Kildare; 3. Leitrim; 4. Queen's
5. Westmeath ; 6. Wicklow. These may be consideredstrange,
but, most assuredly, they are very startling facts!" " The
trade," adds our contemporary, "would not of itself support
any person outof Dublin, or the larger cities and towns, with-
out other branches of business—such as stationery, perfumery,
&c. A few years since, the most respectable bookseller in
Connaught also sold watches, hosiery, and potatoes !" That
the educator—ae distinguished from the hedge schoolmaster,
skilled in cramming the shoe-less, half wilted, poor scholar,
with Greek, Latin, and mathematic—isgrievowly needed in:
Ireland, the above statement sadly and sufficiently proves.
Were a hundred other necessities remedied, the influence of the
one here shadowed forth upon the condition of daily life, and
domestic economy must remain as serious and deplorable—a
thing for all good seen to lament and wise legislators to con-
sider. The world will have teaching of some kind. and it is
for those of superior intelligence to decide whether it shall he
such oral wisdom as is communicated by the desperado who
has nothing to lose, or the exclusive sectarian whose
lessons are too apt to omit the Christian grace of
charity towards those differing from himself, or
such wholesome information on all questions and
from all sides as can be now furnished through the
widely-ramified channels of popular literature. Thus,
whether the time be one of destitution or plenty—the last
day of an old year of disorder, or the first of a better epoch
of concord and good understanding—it is never out of season
to press the consideration of the matter upon the literary
lea' era of Ireland and England. Some among the former
have of late shown themselves eager enough to get up a
party literature against "the Saxon :" let us suggest to
them us a worthier, though it may be a less showy object, a
literature of no party for the Irialiman !—Athetweirm.
Oen PHLOX NEWS.—The programme put forward by the
Daily News, says the Cork Southern Reporter, has been
received by the press in general in the light of a direct cabinet
revelation. Most of our cote.nporaries regard it as an
authorised outline of Whig policy with respect to Ireland;
and no doubt whatever can remain that measures of the kind
described are in contemplation. It would be abeurl to sup-
pose that a statesman of Lord John Russell's political daring
and characteristic and constitutional courage—that a man
from wiiinn either emanated, or by whom mainly were
advanced, the most radical and comprehensive political
ameliorations of the era, would shrink from grappling
bolaly with even our gigantic evils. or content him-
self with petty-peddling efforts for their removal.
It is quite possible that when the legislature is convened and
the wnole Wnig scheme of Irish policy developed and ex-
plained, we may be debarred from raising the " loud Ho-
sanna" of joyful congratulation; but there is at least enough
in the revelations of the News, aal the positive an-
nouncements from its fellow-labourer, the Chronicle, to
demonstrate the stupid policy of mere factious declama-
tion, and to justify completely the course we have ob-
served. There is no doubt, as we have stated, that mea-
sures of the nature indicated by the News are resolved
upon by Lord John Russell; but the Chronicle, while con
firming the fact, and adopting the prominent features of
its cotemporary'e programme, decries, at the same time, the
assumed corrector's of detail, and deprecates decisive opinion
upon plans imperfectly unveiled, and (in print) hastily and
loosely put together. It calls the annunciations of the News
" a bundle of incongruities," and, in truth, homogeneity is
wanting; hut it then proceeds to substantiate the main face,
and to declare, in accordance with our convictions, that "a
series of measures for the improvement of Ireland " have
been devised by government, and " that several bills
framed with that object are in readiness" for presenta-
tion when the legislature assembles. Its words con-
firm the main facts divulged by its eotemporary.
Possessed with incredulity, the Chronicle proceeds to com-
ment on the text supplied by its estemporary, and, assuming
clearer insight and fuller information, is develop the true
contour of the policy contemplated, and the measures resolved
upon with reference to Ireland. We shall not follow the order
adopted by the Chronicle, because it will be better to afford
the commentary containing and carrying out what certainly
are the sounder principles advocated by the writer
and believed by him to be entertained by the Cabinet.
The News asserted that " a commission will be issued for
the purchase of waste land., which are to be enclosed, re-
claimed, and cultivated, &c., but the Chronicle, as may be
perceived, affirms that though purchase will be an ingredient
of the waste land scheme, sale will be compulsory, en terms
by no means equivalent to the probable estimate of the
owners. It is not in this particular alone that the versions of
the two journals oa this subject differ; but as our readers
have both before them, we shall proceed to show
how far their revelations are opposed as to any
other portion of that regenerative and reformatory
code the Whigs will submit to legislative investigation.
The News is positive that out-door relief through parish-
officers will be administered, but the Chronicle, referring to
the imp neibility of sustaining a million and a half of persons
through the agency of the Labour Act, and anticipating the
amendment, announced already, of the drainage laws, moth-
fies the positive assertions of itecotemporary. It gives, how-
Ties
ever, by no means a plump and positive contradiction of the
previous version given by the News, nor is it one that will
be universally popular. A. great and influential party
arc opposed to out-door relief, but a strong party
will be found in Ireland contending for its applicability.
And on stable grounds, and with a strength not yet
manifested, will it be seen that, high influence notwith-
standing, out-door relief will be agitated and pressed on
to a consummation, unless, indeed, the necessity that now
exists disappears at once from among the urban and
rural population. Of course, the minister will not Immor-
talise the Labour Act and the mischief it has
relief bred ; but
it by no means follows that out-door the
sight to live by labour—would perpetuate that .mis-
chief, nor that, in ordinary years, there either
would or could be such a rush to public works
as nosprevails. Nay, were there a law compelling and
legali-iog employment in parishes, or within spheres of
larger size, no demoralisation like that complained of
could occur, were we again to be visited by a dearth
of food ; and noun like it would hare occurred had there
been a pewee to employ the people when the calamity
of this year fell upon us. This, we think, is obvious, and
if it be—if the minister is not misled by the fallacies of the
Chronicle, it is quite probable that in this instance, the
version given by its contemporary of his intentions is correct
and true. We conclude as we began. In those revelations'
there is enough to show the combined silliness and criminality
of factious declamatory platitudes, and to justify completely
the course we have pursued, the forbearance we felt bound
to exercise. Emigration; the allocation of tine waste lands;
material amendme it, to say the least, of the Irish Poor-law;
abrogation of the law of entail ; drainage on a large scale ;
loans for public works, and to private individuals ; the for-
mation of a peasant proprietary ; these and other schemes
surely indicate vigoreue Whig action, and demand for the
,ethers tolerance and fair play.

SCOTLAND.
Casa or COPTEIGHT.—An interesting ease of copyright
came before the Jury Court of the first division ordf the Court
d
ur
of Session on Wednesday and Thursday, the 23
in-tant, ani was as follows :—The lute Archibald Constable,
publi•her, applied to the late Dugald Stewart to fur-
nish preliminary dissertations on mental philosophy fur
the Supplement to the fourth, fifth, and sixth euitions of the
" Encje.equedia Britannia.," and at completion paid him
the sum of 1,600/., being a sum equivalent to double the rate
at which Sir Walter Scott and other distinguished contribu-
tors were remunerated. On the failure of Constable, Adam
and Charles Black purchased the property of the " Battey- l
clopsedia," and after s .me years issued a seventh edition, in I
which the dissertations of Stewart were includewith d, besiother
des
being published en a separate form, in common
treatises furnished to the work—but were in the latter
edition withdrawn from side when the complainant objected.
The action was brought by Professor Stewart's son, on
the ground that his father had disposed of the dissertations
for insertion in the supplement alone, and he craved dam spa
from the MCWIN. Mirk for the copies " piratically"
detadetachedsold -by
them in the subsequent edition, as well as in a
shape. The jury unanimously found for the defendants.
Snout Tius.—.Nlessrs. Fielden and Order haavepu ex. I
tended their agit lion to Scotland, having held blic
meeting in Edinburgh on the 24th inst., at which Sir J
Forrest presided. There being no factories in the Scottishames
po
metrolis, the Ten Hours' Bill was not made the sole
object of attraction, but was coupled with the kindred topic
of short hours for clerks and shopmen. In the latter form
they discussed a subject about which there cat be no doubt,
because whether offices or shops be open for eight or twelve
hours, the business, as in the case of bank.' will precisely.be
the same in amount ; but as regards mills and factories,
limitation affects work to the extent of diminishing the pro-
ductive power, of those establishments. Hence a difficulty
chief; in curtailing factory hours which dues not apply to
ear_ly shop-shuttinK.
REALTII OP TOWNS. REGULATION Or LODGING-
oussB.—At the last meeting of the Glasgow Police Com-
mittee, the following report on the subject of regulating
lodfing-houses was re al, and unanimously approved of:
" 1• row returns submitted to the general committee it
appears that within a small locality there are no fewer than
153 lodging-houses ; rented at from 50s. upwards, but chiefly
under Gt. or 71.; and that fever at present prevails to a con-
siderable extent in these houses : and in regard to the
we-tern district, that there are twenty-five lodging-
houses, some of which COnsist of only one
ones
lodging_
houses,
yet they have numerous inmatea—in ase
of a single large apartment there are no fewer than
eighteen inmates. In the eastern district, ain, where
they. first obtained statutory provisions fur regulating
lodging-houses, it appears that these have been in operation
with moat salutary and beneficial effect, since the year 1840 ;
that 1223 persons have been brought before the sittin ma-
gtrae in the police-court, for keeping unregistered lodging-
houses;os that several hundreds have been refused regiatration,
on the ground that their furniture, particularly bedding and
other accommodation were wholly inadequate; that about
300 persons have been floe.l for offences connected with the
registration of their houses, and that the expenses be-
yond the fees evicted for registration (2s. for each house,
amounting to about 180, have been quite trifling, the
whole duty. having been done by the supextraerinte man I
ndent
and an inspector of police, with one
who was employed for about three months. It further I
appears that much good has resulted in the way of prevent- 1
ing the spread of disease, from enforcing cleanliness by
whitewashing staircases, passages, and apartment., and,
above of the an arrangement entered into; with the parochial
hoard of the barony pari.h, whereby the immediate removal
of fever patients was effected. In these circumstances, and
looking to the information received from these return', your
committee are unanitnaudy of opinion that the provisions of
the act empowering the regulation of lodging-,houses over
the whole extended municipality, should be carried into ope-
ration Ei promptly and efficiently as possible. With this
vicar, they recoMmended that the superintendents, lieutc-

nants, or other °Seem of police be ordered and authorised-
1. To require all persona keeping or intending to keep lodging-
houses, of the description specified in section 180 of the act,
to appear and obtain their houses regletered, and upon such
houses being inspected and approved of for that purpose, to
enter the keepers of such houses in an alphabetical register
to be kept at the Central Police-office, specifying the situa-
tion, rent, landlord's name and designation, his factor, it
any, extent of accommodation, number of lodgers to be
accommodated, and any other particular that may be
considered necessary ; and for the entries so to be made
each keeper of such lodging. house shall pay a fee of 2s 641.
2. To fix and determine the number of lodgers who shall
be accommodated in each such lodging-house, and by
written or printed certificates to license the same. 3. To
order a ticket specifying the number of lodgers for which
the house is licensed, and an; rules or instructions made by
the magistrates or the Police and Statute Labour Committee,
regarding health, cleanliness, or ventilation, to be hung up
or placed in a conspicuous part of each room in which
lodgers are kept. Your committee have agreed upon the
following rules and instructions, as proper to be adopted,
printed along with the clauses of the act, and hung up or
placed in each lodging-house, viz. :-1. The floors are to be
washed at least twice in each week, vie, on Wednesday and
Saturday, before six o'clock P.ll. each day.-2. The walls
are to he white-washed, and the houses thorougly cleansed
on the first day of each of the monthsof January, April, July,
and October, or on the day immediately following, if any
of these days falls on a Sunday.-3. The blankets used in all
lodging-houses are to be thoroughly cleaned and scoured on
the eighth day of each of the months of January, April, July,
and October, or on the following day, if any of these days fall
on Sunday ; and if any person or persons in such house shall
be affected with fever or other infectious disease, the blankets
and bed-clethes used by such person or persons shall be
thoroughly cleaned and scoured, and the bedding shall be
fumigated immediately after the removal of such person or
persona. And, where the bedding used is shavings or straw,
the -tune shall be burned immediately after such removal.
TICE WEATHEIL AT ADEHDEEN.—From Aberdeen papers
we learn that the whole surrounding district is one dreary
waste of snow, of the average depth of fourteen inches.
Northwards, as far as Inverness, the fall of snow has been
even heavier ; and a similar state of things prevails south-
. ark for some miles beyond Dundee. The storm has been
accompenied by intense cold. There has not been so heavy
a fall of snow since the year 1838. Four mails from the
south reached there on Tuesday evening—namely, those
that left Edinburgh on Saturday afternoon, Sunday morn-
ing and afternoon, and Monday moraine. The stoppsge
was on that side of Dundee, where the mail had to be taken
on in chaise, which had soon to be abandoned, from the
heavy falls of snow on the ground—in some places ten or
more feet deep. They were then brought forward on horse-
. hack, travelling about ten miles along the seashore. The
L Defiance was supposed to he 'vine ebout Forfar.

PROVIACIAL.
LANCAsIIIItE.
MR. BRIGHT'S PROSPECTS FOR MANCHESTER.—At the
last meeting of Mr. Bright's committee, on Christmas-eve,
Mr. Wilson, the chairman, stated thatalthough the canvass
Was not yet completed, they had obtained pledges for nearly
two thousand votes more than had ever been polled by any
Conservative candidate at previous elections.
MANCHESTER AND SALFORD WORKHOUSES. The
guardians of b.dh these workhouses kept up the good old
practice of treating the paupers to a Christmas dinner, of
which roast beef and plum-pudding formed the staple food,
adding a liberal supply of ale. At the Salford workhouse
350, and at tao Manchester 1,020 inmates partook of this
cheer on Christmas-day. The bill of fire for the Manchester
dinner included' 0 plum. puddings of 11 lbs. each.
THE RAILWAYS INTO MANCHESTER.—The traffic on the
various lines of railway having termini in Manchester has
been very irregular during the past week, and subject to
great delays. As an instance, it may be mentioned that the
train on the London and North-Western, which leaves
London at G. 15 a.m., bringing down the morning papers, and
which is due in Manchester at 2.40 p.m., has been delayed
till h elf-past 3,1, and even 5 o'clock. Similar irregularities
have been perceptible on the lines running to the north,
north-east, and north-west. Not unfrequently two or more
trains come in together. One of the canoes is said to he the
severe frost and the falls of snow, which have caused a slipperi-
ness of the rails but there is, we believe, an additional cause,
which is likely 'to be of much longer continuance than the
frost and snow of the present winter,—and that is the want
of locomotive power. The large orders with which our ex-
tensive machine-shops are busy for the supply of engines to
foreign railways, entirely precludes the possibility of executing
the many orders which will have to be completed before the
railways in the neighbourhood will be able to work their
traffic with regularity. Mechanics are working night and day,
all that can be had, but epparently with little prospect so far
of the supply being able to meet the great demand for
these necessary machines. The defieiency on all the lines
is understood to be very great, and the result is not oily
very serious delays, but a liability to accidents. On some of
the lines the stock of engines is so low that almost every
machine has its full work for the day, and the consequence
is that if a train does not come in to its time, either from the
slipperiness of the rails or an acciden'al overloading, there
is no engine to take out the next train, and almost Mot
tricable confusion follows along the entire line fur the rest
of the day. Some of the late serious accidents, which
might probably be traced to this cause, by destroying
some of the engines, have rendered the matter worse.
It is Mid Hitt. the Sheffield and Manchester Coin-
pany, though they have made every exertion to get their
full complement of locomotives, are wanting at least eleven
to work the additional goods-traffic which is at their com-
mand ; and it was thought a lucky accident the other week,
that they were enabled to cet two engines which had been
completed for a continental railway, but which, is conse-
quence of the frost having stopped the navigation of some of
the rivers or canals along which they would have had to pass,
could not be forwarded. The late serious accidents on the
Bolton railway have directed the attention of the public very
much to the state of the line, and it is worthy of motion
th it the directors of the Leeds company, by which it has
been leased, have been so anxious to put it in the best con-
dition, that they have caused new rails to b: put down over
six of the ten miles, and the rails on the remaining four
miles are also to be replaced.
THE ACCIDENTS ON THE MANCHESTER AND BOLTON
RAILWAY.—The memorials presented to the Board of Trade
by the town council of B.ilton, and several county mortis
Irate'., praying for an inquiry into the condition and manage-
mmt of the Manchester and Bolton Railway, have produced
the desired effect, and a government inspector is now en-
gaged with the necessary investigation. The following
letter has been received, in icply to the memorial of the town

council :
OlRce of the Commissioners of Railway., 20, Great George-street, 21 et
ways, or
1,146.—Far,---1 am direct, ii. b the commissiors of l-
s, to acithowledge the receipt a ay memorial from the town
council of ,Bolton, transmitted to the Earl of Clarendon fur the con-
sideration of the cosnmiudoner% and to acquaint you in reply, that in
conecquence of the representations which have been made, they have
taken measures to institute a full investigation into the condition and
management of tte Manchester and Bolton Railway, at &nearly,' date
an pee-able.-1 am, &c., W.A. Haven
A TURKISH VICE-CONSUL IN MANCHESTER.—Notwith-
standing the extensive commerce carried on between titan
chester and the Turkish empire, and the number of Gre k
and Armenian subjects of the Porte resident there, the town
has been, until now, destitute of a consular agent from that
country. It appears that a Turkish vice-cot Abdullah
"'Alibi, has been appointed, and is now resident in Man-

cheater.
SUNDAY-SCHOOLS AND PEACE PHINCIPLF.S.—A tea-party,
got up under the auspices of tho Manchester Sund iy-sehoul
Union, was held on k riday last, for the purpose of conferring
with Elihu Burritt on the plans which he proposes to
further good-will and peace among nations. There were
present about 330 persons, male and female, the greoter
portion of whom were Sunday-school teachers. Tea having
la, en partaken of, Mr. Burritt addressed the company at
great Is ngth. He characterised peace as the vital communi-
catiou of the human heart with Christ, and as the
penumbra of the power of God on the heart. Wherever
this vital communication existed, the highest heroism
of which the Christian was capable, or of which the
human soul was capable,
would be manifested.
nemies, This
heroism might be designated as the love of our e
and when we were thoroughly imbued wish and manifested
this love, we approximated more nearly than anything else
could enable us to de, to the spirit of Jesus. It was this
love alone which could overcome enmities and enemies.
Brute force could not overcome enemies or enmities. If it
could, the enmity of France must have been extinguished
ere this; for England had been at war with France for 206
out of 621 years. Nine-tenths of the people engaged in the
terrible battles which had been fought, had net in this coun-
try land enough to make their graves, nor were they pro-
mised out of the enemy's territory land enough to make
their graves. In those wars there hail been expended by the
people of this country more money than would purchase the
whole of France—as much money u would have paid 111.
per acre for her territories, including mountains, streams,
rivers, bogs, morasses, marshes, and unreclaimed land—au,
' in fact, included within her boundaries. But this brute force
I entailed upon those who resorted to it other evils besides
this stupendous waste cf money ; it produced a mass of
horrors which were almost inconceivable and certainly in-
expressible, and which affected subsequent generations. And
vet the object sought, instead of being effected, was only
thrust farther off—enmity
,Was increased instead of being
overcome. Lave, vital Christian love, was the only power
that could accomplish the object. C-ie of the most powerful
and accessible means of generating and diffusing this love
was to make it an invariable rule in the education of Sunday
school children to teach and imbue them with this love.
Every school, or small knots of schools, might then enter
into friendly and loving communication with the Sunday-
schools of America; and thus there would be in the two
countries some three millions of canductors, teachers, and
scholars in constant communicatinnostrengthening each other
continually in the bonds of peace, and the abhorrence of
war, and making that monstrosity of humanity an almost
perfect impossibility, whatever might he the wickedness of
statesmen or sections of the people. In illustratinn of the
good results that might be expected to flow from this inter-
national communication between Sunday schools, Kr.
Burin related antiking anecdote relative to a boy of a
naiter, a poor , who earned only from Is. to I
9s. per week, and who had a family of six oboyr aortaany
to support, had not been able to give this
schooling, although be was extremely anxious that his
lad should learn to read the Bible. Mr. Bdepaurritrtment
t. who
has in his paper, the Christian Citizen, a
devoted to Sunday scholars, wrote home an account to
them of this man and his family, and suggested that they
should eontrihute a small sum to enable the nailer to spare '
the lad from the anvil, and send him sc to hool. Ile had at
that time no great hope that the suggestion would be attende 1
to ; but, to his great delicht, there arrived in a short time 160
letters from Sunday scholars, each inclosing a silver half
diem, worth VA. These letters were sent from various
parts of the state, and the money was transmitted to him.
Last Tuesday he went all the way oa foot to th nails'
Cottage; he was received with pleasure and gratitude ;