The Express.
London, England, 1849-04-24 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 24,, 1849.

wee tame ... _ --r__ 4 togitattd__
(Sear, hear) lOsposting the Metes, 110.flitor was
'Snafu& They had a law, age Mt tenslily, bat me ell the
WM. Wllillige steeps HEIM deasling trade, that '
bwithestrarrem a' hap ere gaby to the ship. of
ems almaga • dwelt be greeted se • 'debt to the**,
Sthei ell eramezy. (Hear, hear.) He Omer& that that set
M that could poorildy be asisimit of the United
?Mrs was a peseage fa a mesa of Mr. Hakim%
le whisk enaveyed so meetly his feeling ea the web-
tbit he would read it to the beau. It was coatended
real endow of the system width was now is open
ism, was Mr. Hiskiesou ; that he was satisfied with the
Pektilli• of reciprocity, sad took no MCI •olarind view of
ilbe: matject. The poems, be was *boat to read midi, he
wee out., remove that imprinekie :
la the altered Mate ofths word, it ream medley to *-
genie whether a palm et esereardel hostility, of weir the too-
mate tenessey is mend peckibition—wtether &mem et latea dis-
Mmiutiag iitise ma Smile athe, with the meal esety of
teddy dreg errs fellyrelsitrot epos stir owniVid in thuiL4sort•
et forego emestries—wes• room he TOM wen to
NI% mil meet ethieb.itpacesemed fe, Mem iis tom oes.
*mite midst I Mlle! Mb kr the
every mei
andigeta mew
% morel wr eolithaVegwould num*
bet es te Mit IWO eweseemes to the bi ewe a No.
test. I yilleisslg by MY- en etraskihretion the Merest et our
reendestele% 'Mew the puma Manieg clear popetrtion, wm, es
cometen, mad eavivady bees to pep be tale syM.s or
emembeese waders and reetremel resethtion ; the 1 wl5 vmw the
quenten sebly in mihrom tetberdyyteg intsemt.
He (Sir J. Graham) was disposed to view it in the same
way.
L this empardively Narrow. 1.41 Wt. mot meneermat, view
abseinis
et the gem" I Mee no difeseby in Meting gelatine% a sew
vela at MIA 1 bus arrived after musk
the% la thinernm, this war of tletiesTlP=
in ea tedi al es, must operate meat to the of emeetry
wets% at the ems ef rriam theenters
thewcid merbse Mow sem abe oftembe 1 whet al~at-
shithe MIMI Mt • the We emmems and iiniggebat arm eel
the beavismulneseilbe ma OM theethee. upon theme wile hare the
greatest area et **elegise et waist
He mishit he Obeli MO maid be the abets of retrain;
these laws? Tb. Sloe allot meld be to lower freights;
tiles, he brliewel,
_mead bred to *mem oar exports and
imports. It meld stimitiele trade ea* bieream consume
don; sad, trade stindiaeso and coesemption lammed, the
ieeetrible seassigewses maid be a considerable enlargement
of the number both of ships and seamen employed. Sat it
would be said, this might be tine of the 'hippie, sod see-
ms of the world at larp, bet it did not foil w that Great
Britain would oblate a Wirer these. This might ore judged
of by what had already taken Om. When, in :847, a por-
ticos of the United Kingdoms was em ted with famine, what
writhe come permed by the government with the mini-
mal* comsat of that house ? The nevigstim laws were
suspended, me fat as regarded the importation of
eon. (Hee% Mar.) What was the *feet? It tended to
diminish still farther the prise of sofa, ei enure a large
leporraticia, and to facilitate commercial transactious for
aroductusg that importation. Was BM ton brought entirely
by the vessels of the ocientries where it was produced ? Were
Pirmaises, Revisits, or eve. Americans the carriers of that
core ? The same return, to which referee/a had been made,
sad which showed that in 1847 there was as immure in-
crease la the treportatiee of corn compared with a former
period, showed also that, so tar from British ships not
having their fell share, that earn was imported in a larger
ratio by British ships than, by foreign ships. (Hear, beer.)
There bad been a progressive increase of sumo consequent
on the reciprocity wages of Mr. Hashilescie ; Oar bad in:.
creased trim 176,000 in 1824 to 212.000 in 1847. 8, far
from there bring any came fee slam on this bead, it ay-
peered that every rs terra hitherto had been followed by a
progressive increase in the neither of British era-
seen. Bat could we remain as we were with
respect to these tr. sties ? In the construction of
these reciprocity treaties, especially those which contained
what was knowu as " the mat favoured native clause," the
compileaticia was so great, that it wee almost impossible to
state what were 'our treaty engage eats with reference to
foreign powers. (Heir, hear.) When the late government
bad sought to draw a diethectioa between s'ave and free
labour sugar, so as to admit the latter on more advantageous
tetras, they fogad themeless hampered with such engage-
ments, that, alter risaittieg the sugar of Java and Manilla,
they were essrgeSea to admit al* that of Leonid tea, and the
slatregagera mpg of the Voila States. The question even
=Meier OW treaty with Spain, whether Cuba sugar
id net be admitted ; and though the point was argued
with emeneemate ability by his right hos. friend the mus-
h% foe the Ueivenity of Orford (Mr. Gladstone), to whose
opiates Se (Sir James) iarilined, yet it wee certain that Spain
was highly elbeatiefied with the interpretstica they put upoa
the engagement, and it was very doubtful if the subject had
bees submitted to an collimator, what his award would have
been. (Hear, hear) This was merei:y a sample of the
Ewe= difliceltim of these treaties ; and there was no doubt
be infinitrly preferable, unless ems imminent and
mime danger to our trade were Ilk. ly to arise, to repeal the
navigation laws,. and thes give simplicity to our arrange-
ments with foreign powers ; for there was no such danger
to trade at justified their continuance for a moment. The
bon. member for Mittintret (MP. Walpole) had alluded
to the'bfeet which the navigation laws produced on the price
et emits% wool, and sugar ; but this direct increase of price
in the eseinum formed only a very mall part ef the entire
ems; tbefedireet effect of theme enactments on all the inter
Mir et the ameaunity constituted the great objection to
theft. MOW, Marl First, hew did they effect the mu-
shiest ? ^at the hoe. seadwasa had designated absurdities
were real grievances and isameiniente to the transitions 01
1 sematerce. A merchant waa naturally enxioue tenet his freights
as low at possible ; he had to enter Into competition with all
the merchants of the civilised world; and what war appa-
rently a very small increase of freight, might Weetitate the
satire pr, fit on a transaction. (Rear, hear.) Under our
navigation laws, no merchant could bring the cochineel of
the Canary Islands from Cadiz ; beams the Canary Islands,
under the purview of our nevirration laws, were held to be in
Africa. Mese, hear.) A wine merchant, having engage-
Inen6 at Lisbon, could not import Medal= wins from thence,
because Madeira was constructively held to be in Africa
(Hear.) A 'merchant trading with Boreleam, which was
the great emporium for a the dl es end gem from Senegal,
the French oddment °Ms N . Neat of .k we precluded
from importing those articles from Bordeaux. (Hue, hear.)
So, aloe from Aetwerp, Amsterdam, mad the bee pert, of
Holland, the merchant was prohibited `em hi/Waite/I*th:
articles which formed tke most *lath* pars of
geode. He was satisfied that the ins iedietents to the
flee some of trade, as experiseesd by the nee.
shoats of this country under the navigation laws,
untisted not merely in the lOW to whisk they were thus sub-
jutted, for wbith they were of course compensated by ea
extra prim to the costumer. The hon. sad learaed gentle-
st*, might find it eery to Wade* this loss ; but the iodine*
effect of these laws ea commerce it wee impartible to esti-
mate. (Hear, hear.) He would now pan to the manufac.
hirer. The great object of our policy with* the last four or
five years—and a more laudable &Jut could net possibly be
conceived, considering the Latensity of our manufacturing
rivalry—was to lower the pries of the raw article to the
manufacturer. (Hear, hurl The hon. member fee Man-
chester (Mr. Bright), !peaking the opinions of his con.titn-
sots, was most anxious that set ry encouragement should be
given to the culture of cotton in India and to the increased
importation of that commodity from India. Our fellow sub-
jects in India fought by the side of our soldiers, won our
battles, covered themselves with glory, and were marked with
a heroism not unworthy of aliases with British soldiers.
(Hear, hear.) Still, there were abort emus of coven
from Bombay, end short complements of bands in the British
ships, for bars were not held to be British subjects, end
, the whole course of commercial transactions was immensely
' impeded en exeunt of this distioctinn which the navigation
I lute kept up. (Hear.) Take the case of wool or cotton
boa Awash% or rotten from New Zealand. When the
, demsad at home was most intense, sad when an early sr-
' rival was el the lest inipartaneethe navigation laws constantly
I stepped ie mad offered impediment% to prevent the imports-
Sea exactly at that Wags% when stocks were low sod im-
ports most thetrahle. (Hear, hear.) But when the difficul-
ties eisirietith were overuse, whoa the raw emerald
wee ebse and the article mannfectured, thew laws of.
tmei begediments to its ezport. Foreign ships lying in oar
per*eall mem Mead* our own colonies. were prohibited
from taking ear manufactures subsea (Hear, bear.) Bit
them laws went a step further, and imposed Mal greater dif-
Amity on the miamfeetaxer is drawing a apply of the raw
material from say other country. For instance,
if the demand was *tense lies cotton in Liver-
pool, while the market was sleek in Frew.it
could not be brought from Ham to thienthatry. (Hear,
hear.) Again, Java Nagar could net be brought from Hol.
land in the raw state ; vaned it might be imported. (Hear,
Msg.) The copper of Cube, in its raw state, might not be
ime.
from any country is Hume : when smelted, it
to imported from amour. Brazilian produce, dry
essid sat be imperesd from any European poet ; but
MI ad egg to the manufactured article
beer ) He weal -next pm to the colonies • and he
meat Mere his artenbluneat at the Images', that dad bees
bad m this subject by the right hen. member for Stamford
((He. Retries). He said that the colonies generally had not
.ed against them laws. Australia, Ceylon, Trliti-
-114 bad remonstrated, *nee and again, sad in r. seer so
that they could not be overlooked. Jamaica a year
=
re ego, ntons'tated in the strougeet manner • what
, had
them Incurred he, not being in °SIMI secrete, did not know
-(hear, hear) ; but it was certain that, in 1847, the inhabi-
Imam Miami* remonstrated in the strongest wiener ivied
SISSILWYWation laws, and said that the only compensation
Mak weld ha given to them for the alteration of the duties
...trwas to be found in giving them every facility for
their produce. But this was secondary to the use
G=lii. (Hear, hear.) He had the strongest conviction
that aimless the government fell back on the policy of iot-
Cla protecting duty on !feign con, as duinguithed
:lithe growth of Cush, if the navigation laws were
meintained, the loss of the Canada to this country wax in-
evitable. (Hear, bear.) He spoke upon no slight autho-
rity. This wee no new view of the subject. So tar back as
I 1826 the late Mr. Alexander Haim, in the debste already
rellthred te ea Mr. Huskisson's motion, had used these me.
mega* meth :
WM velamme to ear Mehl meth, be melt say that melt was
the shorten deur dm& emirs missies Oa it o.ss sat models
to Mom bat by Orr Gem all the advantages of a free
1 seam, awl elledied dm to m by sets ei redeem ark libaratity.
1 11. *ISOM is dethelie * weer* Um. the etameea which
the 05 Wen gmellemum bed Mel yr aceasesey. fins tko
Aseminim mm lbws arise Mt thee men WM, me im ow their
ma Meese; ent b wes not pima* to meth thal by Adams, sr le
Mess. MOM& to theseemyembelete
Uwe attached say hapetheme le the malateasees of the solo-
nisi relation with Coeds, us time was to be lest in
this la It was light the bees evpl4 ant*

, •
taiiia.
' *raw litatla tastier
saythatwrhietur. $ iisTOWelatallablira that wet It strong?
recow wider telesedeetrestels"44l: .fit II
saga r mare. Ms sets a; tkiii ste- Wt. IP
1-est A with melt IS eetetitrthaa able Sol 41
deserveiVsteet AGM* wbelli• •• MllO re lID be with Cli
mimed. Oileardstiaq. Ns elegy Russia aspired Is laws is
11131, sad we bed hag s &date imagistic. from di pawn
spirit el
that oar Wu& stnusiesesea suet be revised, et tb• limas- des of
alai "we „en sow atjetai wttaill le abeentissid.