The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-26 00:00:00

CORN.

LITERPOOL, SEPT. 25:1-he fresh arrivals of all
article' of the trade, coastwise and ;rom Ireland, are still
very trisial, but the imports from abroad since Monday fur-
nish a tolerable quantity of Wheat, and a good supply of
States Flour. During the interval from Tuesday, we
have again had an active trade in Wheat and Flour, as
well free as in bond and afloat ; lane speculative invest-
ments in the latter article clearing off, most parcels offered
at advancing prices. In other description' of grain, how-
, ever, but little business transpired, and Indian Corn was !ie.

-

Whir g ansoo.

MAILS.
The mails for New South Wales, &c., will be made up on the evening
al the 30th inet.
The West India mails, Including those for Mezteo, Honduras, and
Havana, will be made up on the morning of the 3d October.
The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the Tufted
Staten, will he made up on the evening of the 3d October.
Tb, overland mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the Jordan Islands,
Egypt, Men, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, via Southampton,
will be made up on the morning of the 34 October.
The audio for Madeira, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &c.,
will be made up on the evening of the sth October.
The mails for Corwma, Vtgo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made up on tbe 7th October.
The overland closed mails, via Marsealen, to the Mediterranean,
Egypt, Aden, Ceylon. India, Hong-Kong, &c., will be made up on the
evening of the 7th October.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We cannot notice, in any way, any communication that is sent to us
anuoymoualy ; but those who choose to address us in confidence will
And their confidence respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER.
Advertisements intended for The Ewes+ must be at the Office Ly
Two o'clock on the day of publication.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
TiE DAY.—Morning, 52 nun. put 4 ; Afternoon, 12 min. put 5.
Touoznow.—Morning, 53 mm. put 5; Afternoon, 55 snn. put 5.

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPT. 26.

TILE question of the Succession to the Duchies of
Slcswig-Holstein is one of very great importance.
It is serious in itself, as its result may be the dis-
memberment of an ancient monarchy. It is serious,
also, as it threatens to annihilate a country which
commands the key of the Baltic ; and to reduce to
insignificance the weight of those Scandinavian coun-
tries, which once were able to check and counterba-
lance Russia itself. But it is yet more serious, as threat-
ening to set the Eastern powers at variance with one
another; and to awaken conflicting interests between
countries and races, the political connexion of which
has since 1815 been held tight by the bonds of one
pervading despotism.
Same years ago, the Emperor of Russia gave kis
daughter in marriage to Prince FREDERIC of Hesse-
Cassel, son of the King of Denmark's sister, and pre-
sumptive heir to the Danish throne. German jealousy
was much awakened by this. Upwards of one-third
of the population of the monarchy is to be found
in the Duchies of Holstein and of Sleswig, the
race and tongue of which are German. It accord-
ingly soon came to be mooted, how far the Prince of
Hesse, whose claim was derived from fomalcs, could
succeed to the Duchies of Sleswi,, and Holstein,
limited, it was alleged, to heirs-male. As we ob-
served in a former article, Kiel, the capital of llol-
stein, being a German town, and containing a German
university,—the professors and lawyers, who form one
profession in Germany, turned their learning, acute-
ness, and zeal to the question, and decided that
Sleswig and Holstein should remain German. That
is, in case of the Prince of Hesse succeeding to the
crown of Denmark, that the Duchies should go to the
Due of AUGUSTENBURG, the next heir-male.
Professional zeal alone, however, would not have
raised so formidable a political party for the severance
of the Duchies as that which now clamours for it
throughout Germany. The fact is, that the Zollve-
rein, and with it the public mind of the Germans, as
well as the Cabinet of Berlin which seeks to head it,
have been on the look out for a seaport worthy of Ger-
man nationality and trade. Hamburg has too many
motives for remaining free, to afford a hope of its
speedy junction with the Zollverein. Prussia has
therefore cast its eye upon Kiel as a spacious and
excellent port, on the Baltic certainly, but having a
complete and valuable ship canal, connecting it with
the ocean. If Kiel becomes the port of the Zollverein,
Hamburg could not long hold out. It would be forced
either to abandon much of its trade, or to hold its
ground by declaring itself a member of the great
German commercial union.

The celebrated Heidelberg address, or answer of
the professors to the Danish King's letters patent,
fully avows these motives.
" Shall we," says that document, "in these times of a
young awakening consciousness in Germany, submit to the
disruption of a part of the German soil, and- of a territory
that is 'the fondling of two seas ; ' that commands the
mouth of the Elbe; that can render useless the possession of
the Sound ; that, more closely bound to Germany, is capable
of at once giving an incredible impetus to our commerce and
commercial marine; but which, on the contrary, if aban-
doned to Denmark, would become, together with Denmark,
nothing more than a football for the great continental
powers, wh have au interest in watching over the straits of
the Sound."

On this appeal one might observe, that if Germany
is determined on claiming and re-conquering every
province where the German tongue and race survive,
it would be more valiant and righteous to demand
Livonia and Courland from Russia, and Alsace from
France, than to threaten Denmark with annihilation
by the disruption from it of Sleswig.
All the petitions and pleadings sent forth by the
champion of separation, cite the case of Hanover and
Great Britain. What similitude can there be between
countries divided by large tracts of land and sea, the
princes of one of which were promoted to be kings of
the other, little more than a century back, and where
every interest of either country prompted disunion ?
How compare such a case to that of Denmark and the
Duchies? countries which have for centuries formed
one State under one Sovereign.
Of all countries, Denmark has certainly suffered
the most from the long and dreadful struggle which
opened the century. Coerced by NAPOLEON; its fleet
destroyed by us, for this its misfortune, not its fault;
1814 found it the ally of NAPOLEON, and it was
mulcted accordingly. Norway was torn from it, and
only at the last, did it receive some indemnity in the
duchy of Lauenberg, one of those districts which
Prussia would now take from it.

For our part, we think it important that the power
which guards the Sound, and can open and shut the
Baltic, should be possessed of that degree of import-
ance which begets and implies independence. If the
Prince of HESSE, or any other prince, should find him-
self King of DENMARK shorn of Slesvrig and Hol-
stein, and lord of about a million of subjects, nothing
is left for such a king but to consider himself the
vassal of Russia, and to be the janitor of the Baltic for
the Czars. Such a contingency was provided against

in 1814, when Denmark first received Swedish Po-
merania, and afterwards Lauenberg, and when the
king was made a member of the German confedera-
tion as Duke of HOLSTEIN. The Bing of DENMARK
does not threaten to un-Germanise Holstein. On
the contrary, it is his interest to keep up
and strengthen those links which bind him to
the Germans, and which give him a claim to German
weight and protection. It is most selfish and impo-
litic on the part of Prussia and the Zollverein to
seek to undo the work of 1815; to endeavour to
snatch from the crown of Denmark, provinces which
for centuries have belonged to it ; and by so doing,
to fling the Scandinavian islands and Jutland to seek
anti-German alliance and protection.

For the present, however, the German Diet has
suspended the controversy. It maintains the right,
always undoubted, of Denmark to Sleswig. And it
enjoins the King of DENMARK to respect the right of
the agnates, or descendants in the male line, in Hol-
stein. In the letters patent the King of DENMARK
did respect these, for he stated his opinions as uncer-
tain. It is remarked that in the future fate of Hol-
stein, Kiel, the chief bone of contention, stands
apart ; Kiel being, as COIE informs us, " that portion
of the Duchy of Holstein which descended to the
line of Holstein-Gottorp, and belonged to PETER
THE THIRD, as part of his hereditary dominions. In
1773, the Emperor and Empress of RUSSIA ceded it
to the King of DENMARK, in exchange for the
countries of Oldenberg and Delmenhorst." England
guaranteed the exchange.
The most desirable result of the quarrel would, no
doubt, be the succession of the Duke of AUGUSTEN-
BERG to the throne of Denmark as well as to the
Duchies, by which all contention between the pro-
vinces would be removed. This would leave Den-
mark constituted as it was in 1815. It is, how-
ever, not to be hoped that the Prince of Hesse, who
claims the Danish crown by right of his mother,
would renounce it, whilst his close connexion with
the Emperor of RUSSIA gives him authority and
power to enforce his rights.

TnE inquest on the sufferers by the late accident on
the Great Western having terminated, we are left free
to canvass its details. We must confess that the
im-
pression left upon our minds is unfavourable, both to
the engine-driver and to those who are entrusted with
the management of the railway.
There can be no doubt that the train ran into
the tender. This is the deliberate opinion of Mr.
Bt:sn, a competent and dispassionate witness, who
had carefully examined the spot where the ca-
sualty occurred, and heard the evidence of the by-
standers. The facts stated by eye-witnesses bear
out this opinion. The engine-driver received a shock
which threw him backwards; the superintendent of
the station saw fire flashing from both sides of the
train immediately after he heard the crash ; the
buffers of the tender were cut through. These facts
are irreconcilable with any other assumption than
that the tender had received a severe concussion, and
that the blow came from behind. It was conse-
quently only from the train that the impulse can
have come.

The cause of the train running into the tender is
quite as obvious. The engine-driver stated on his
examination that the engine at the time of the acci-
dent was moving slower than usual. He also stated
that when he " slowed " he had given nu signal to the
guard to put on the break. The guard had observed
nothing uncommon in the rate of the train's
velocity. The train and the engine were moving
at different rates of speed, the hindermost and
heavier of these two bodies with the greater.
In such circumstances the crash was inevitable.

What was actually witnessed by the spectators con-
firms this inference. The comparatively light body,
the luggage van, was lifted by the pressure of the
two heavier bodies several feet into the air, and ne-
cessarily fell back upon that which opposed the least
resistance to its weight, the weak wood-work of the
passenger carriage.

This collision, by which two men lost their lives,
was caused by the neglect of the engine-driver. lie
abated the speed of his engine to a greater extent
than usual, uud he gave no signal to the guard
to reduce in a corresponding degree the speed of the
train. The deliberate untruth which the engine driver
told on his examination before the inquest, shows
that he was conscious of his culpability. He per-
sisted in denying his belief that the train had run
into the engine. Why ? Because he knew that if he
admitted it had, he admitted the occurrence of an
accident consequent upon his own neglect to give
the guard due intimation to reduce his speed.
But though the engine-driver is the direct and imme-
diate cause why the accident happened, the managers
of the railway are responsible for its having proved
so terribly fatal. The concussion was not so violent
as to have produced the effects it did, had not the
luggage-van—a body so light as to be necessarily
pressed upwards in a collision between the train and
tender, and so heavy as to be sure, when thus uplifted,
to come crashing down through the weak wood work
of the passenger-carriage--been placed, immediately

and alone, between the tender and a carriage full of pas-
sengers. To the culpable indifference to consequences
which directed or allowed such an arrangement, is the
fatal nature of the accident to be attributed.

We have no wish to aggravate the culpability of the
parties. We would rather use the sensation which the
harrowing details of this casualty have excited in the
public, to stimulate action with a view to prevent the
recurrence of similar accidents. From the table
which we published on Thursday, it appears that
the ratio of accidents in railway travelling, which
in 1843 had been brought as low as one to every four
millions of passengers, had in 1845 risen as high as one
in every half million. The excitement in the public
mind occasioned by the high ratio of accidents in 1840,
had frightened railway proprietors and managers into
such habits of precaution, that casualties were rarely
heard of. As the outcry against them has diminished
in consequence, they have again grown careless.
The trial of the driver of the engine which caused
the fatal accident on the Eastern Counties Railway
in July last, reported in our paper of to-day, reminds
us of a case in which the safety of the passengers
was still more glaringly disregarded : in which a
company, to increase its profits, systematically re-
ductd its expenditure to an extent incompatible with
due provision to prevent fatal accidents. Some pres-
sure upon these companies more persistent and
equable must be introduced, if we would have safety
in railway travelling. Surely, in the mock respon-
sibility enforced by such a trial as that to which we
have referred, there is no guarantee for the security
of the public. The company prosecuted; and the
opening charge of their counsel was a panegyric upon
the prisoner. The company were afraid to irritate their
scape-goat, lest his counsel should retaliate (as he
did, nevertheless, and with justice) by laying the
blame at their door.
This consideration induced us to throw out it hint
on Thursday that the appointment and control of the
preventive police of railways might with advantage be
transferred from the companies themselves. We threw
it out as a hint for consideration, in order to begin
that preliminary discussion in which alone an adequate
measure can originate.
We must confess that the objections to investing
Government with the management of the preventive
railway police which have yet reached us, are far
from convincing. They rest on the assumption that
it must be ill-managed. But only the pressure of
public opinion can make either Government or the
Companies manage it well : and in the case of the
companies there is the bias of private interest counter-
acting this pressure, while in the case of government
there is not. A police appointed by private indivi-
duals is necessarily a partisan body; it is only a
slight modification of the anarchical system of taking

the law into one's own hands. That ineffable body of
rural police, the corps of gamekeepers, presents a " case
in point."

NOTHING else could have been expected from the
state of affairs in Mexico, save the restoration and
re-instalment in office of the only man who has dis-
played energy in that country. We may add, that
nothing else could have been hoped. The blots on
SANTA ANNA'S character are indeed but too prominent.
Corrupt, selfish, despotic, tricking the army by the
forms of representative government, and coercing all
freedom by the army,—SANTA. ANNA can in
nowise command admiration, except as an ener-
getic soldier, who has given proofs of military
zeal and patriotism, and whose contempt for his
countrymen and their would-be free institutions is
perhaps founded upon too just an idea of the worth-
lessness and unfitness of both. Like all energetic men
of the Spanish race, however, SANTA ANNA seems
actuated by an ardent desire to maintain:theiinde-
pendence of his country against foreigners; and if this
could best be done by war, he is the very
man to undertake it. But age and expe-
rience temper such desires; and SANTA ANNA
has declared himself ready : for peace, unless
his countrymen are eager for war. This
they are far from being. It may be considered
probable, therefore, that the new President or Dic-
tator will make as good terms with the United States
as he can, and apply himself to the re-organisation and
government of so much of the country as a treaty
may leave him. It is to be feared, that California
is lost to the Republic, and Santa Fe too. The
Americans have taken the former; not, it would appear,
by open violence, but by the old trick of fraternisation;
by exciting the people themselves. This saves
appearances and fends off remonstrance.
As to PAREDES, he disappears, like so many cyphers
of his kind, the inept representative of an inane party.
PAREDES and his friends may have been more
attached to constitutional freedom and civilian pre-
eminence than SANTA ANNA. But; in truth, the
country which cannot defend its independence is
unworthy of freedom.
The remark need not be limited to Mexico.= It
applies as fully to its mother-country, Spain, which is
quite as disgracefully sinking under the French yoke,
as Mexico under that of the United States. What
renders this more disgraceful to the Spaniards is, that
it is the military party amongst them, who, for epau-
lettes and cordons, surety of pay and quietness of life,
thus forswear their country's first virtue, and
.subject
it to a foreign Court. The Mexican military have
some excuse in necessity, and the Mexican deputies
some excuse for inertness and despair in their poverty
and paucity, as well as in their isolated position
and the active energy and numbers of their foe.
Spain has no excuse for setting so base an example.
A few more years' persistence in such courses, and
the powers of Europe can no longer put t.ny faith in
the possibility of the Spanish race preserving its
freedom. The only anxiety will be to procure for
such people something like independence ; without
caring or striving to elevate them to the higher
blessing of freedom, which they seem incapable of
defending, practising, or even comprehending.
It is mortifying to witness this. It is worse
than mortifying to perceive that every race whom
we undertake to help to constitutional freedom, falls
out of our leading-strings, and throws itself prostrate.
But we must resign ourselves to let these things be.
We cannot open an infirmary for the cure and sup-
port of every political patient who will not take care
of himself. We cannot act as crutches to every lame
and impotent race. We must not seek to communi-
cate life to such a dead body as Turkey, to such a
slumbering one as Mexico, to such a corrupt one as
Spain. If we embrace the cause of every falling race,
we shall not have strength for ourselves ; and by spend-
ing sympathies vainly on worthless races abroad, we
may unfortunately come to be less zealous for freedom
at home. If the Spanish race is to be blotted out, like
the Turks, from the list of those which are capable of
freedom and self-existence, in either the Old World or
the New, we must resign ourselves to the consum-
mation. In one hemisphere, at least, it will be to the
advantage of the Anglo-Saxon race.

ERRATA. —ln yesterday's leading article com-
menting on the newspaper stamp duty, an unconscious
over-statement of the amount of saving on the reduc-
tion of the fourpenny stamp was made. It could
have been little more than a fifth, whereas we stated
it at four-fifths, of a penny. The mistake arose
from confounding a fraction with the whole sum
in the calculation of the discount. This savitrz of a
fifth of a penny, however, on a daily circulation of
twenty thousand copies, would leave a clear profit of
five thousand a-year. In the same leader, the men-
tion of the T'imes of fifty-seven years ago as " a
single folio sheet little more than a fourth of the size
of our paper of to-day," should have been printed
" little more than half the size of our paper of to-day."
But this was an error of description which did not
affect the argument.

THE GREAT BRITAIN STEAM-SHIP.—The steam-
giant of the ocean, now aground in Landrum Bay,
has been rather unfortunate from the commencement
of her career. This is not her first casualty, and there
is a disposition, in certain quarters conversant with
such matters, to construe the occurrences in a sense
favourable to certain objections previously entertained
and expressed. It is objected that steamships trans-
cendingcertain limits of bulk, become disproportionately
difficult of management in bad or blowing weather to
smaller ones. Again, it is objected that the screw-pro-
peller is not so safe and powerful an instrument of pro-
pulsion, so far as yet perfected, as the paddle-wheel. It
is observed that the same causes which would unship,
carry away, or damage a rudder, might so derange
or damage the screw as to render it totally unservice-
able. The loss of a rudder might be repaired, and the
keel of a ship destroyed might be replaced by a false
keel ; but the screw, in a similar case, it is said,
could neither be repaired nor replaced. It remains to
be sees how, in the present instance, the screw of
the Great Britain may have fared ; and whether it
shall be sufficiently service-worthy to carry the ship
out of her dangerous quarters, when the tide shall be
full enough to float her.
Whilst upon this subject, it may not be out of place
to observe that, the tenor of recent experiments in the
United States, as well as steam-boat practice there,
would seem to establish the fact that anthracite is mach
superior to bituminous coal for generating steam.
It was found on trials carefully made, that whereas 11b.
of Lehigh anthracite evaporated 9.52-1001bs. water;
the Nova Scotia bituminous coal, so highly spoke's of
and esteemed, evaporated only 4.47-100. The supe-
riority of the anthracite results chiefly, as averred,
from the superior quality of heat produced, partly
from the greater facility with which the heat is
brought into action. The vast quantity of smoke
and gas emitted from bituminous coal carries off with
it a great proportion of heat, which is so much
waste. The superior speed of American river and
other steamers using anthracite, is accounted for from
these circumstances; and it is contended that if the
same fuel were applied to Atlantic navigation, the
same results of b pt‘ and economy would be attained.
The anthracite coal, it is contended, is worth more
than double the weight of bituminous coal (Nova
Scotia) fer generating steam. It is incontestable that
the American steamers attain a rate of speed much
surpassing what is known here.

We have received by our usual express the Paris
journals of Thursday, with our private correspondence.
The Montpensier marriage, and the escape of Count
Montemolin, are still the two great topics of the day
in Paris. The Debats accuses the Opposition of
giving up the honour of the nation to party spirit, of
seeking its arguments in the English newspapers.
"The angry opinions," it adds, "expressed by a por-
tion of the English press, will find no echo in the
breasts of such a wise people as the English." It
concludes by saving
" The Duke de Montpenaier marries in Spain; he es-
pouses the sister of the Queen; his marriage is glorious for
the dynasty, glorious for France; it happily puts an end to
the question of the marriage of the Spanish princesses, which
appeared like a gauntlet suspended over Europe ; it secures

two things—the triumph of constitutional principles and the
perpetuity of French blood in Spain. Every one feelsand
appreciates the grandeur of this alliance. The Opposition
alone, in all its shades, and according to the measure of the
parties which compose it, exclaim, blacken, threaten, excite
the Spanish Profiressists to arms, partake in and foment the
jealous spite of some foreign journals."
The same journal, alluding to the rumour in Madrid
that the Duke de Montpensier intends to refuse any
dotation from the Cortes with his bride, says :
"Great news! M. Bremen, at Madrid, has received
orders to declare that the Duke de Montpenaier renounces
the dotation which might be voted to his future bride! This
generosity, it is said, must confound the entire opposition of
Spain. It is enough, in fact, to excite ecstacies ! But let
us look a little further. Ferdinand left to his two daughters
17,000,000 of piastres, which is equal to 85,000,000 francs.
The Spanish treasury has hitherto assigned to the Infanta an
annual provision of 250,000 f. Would it continue this to a
Princess who has become a Frenchwoman? This is very
doubtful, for no one can tell how the next elections for the
Cortes may go. At all the events the discussion of this unpo-
pular marriage would be renewed. It is consequently an
hypothesis which has been yielded to. But the moiety of the
8:1,000,000f. is a reality carefully preserved. Besides, in
13 years, 42,500,000 f. must have been greatly increased.
This is an invincible temptation—so many derniers already
securely and productively invested! What! when the Spa-
nish treasury is largely in arrear, and when the claimant is
out of Madrid, must a regular formal demand of payment be
made by a summoning officer ? Oh, tie ! no; we will behave
nobly. We will relinquish the provision of 250,000 ft., and
be content with the private fortune ! Why, however, is it
carried to only 30,000,000 fr. ? Oh ! Queen Christina has bad
the guardianship for 13 years, and the trust of 85,000,000 fr.
causes much trouble. Then, Mme. Munoz has had many mis-
haps ; she has been running about the world ; she has S chil-
dren by her second husband ; she has had to bribe insurrec-
tions; she has been a partner in banking-houses, and one of
these in Paris has lately caused her a loss of 10,000,000 fr.
She also, in her turn, has been a rival in gsnerosity. Take
30,000,000 fr., and call for no account of the trust. The bar-
gain was so good for both parties, that it was concluded
without haggling. But we have at one stroke renounced a
doubtful dotation of 250,000 fr. ! Shade of Louis XIV., thou
still hoverest over thy descendants!"
The Presse goes on in the same strain, and is ex-
ceedingly angry against England. It says :
" There are men amongst us whom these ignoble demon-
strations fill with joy, and who, although they dare not let it
transpire through their lips, draw from them a satisfaction
coequal with their hatred. For ourselves, we are almost
inclined to do the same, but from a contrary feeling. It is
good that Spain as well as France should learn what to
expect from the good taste and sincerity of the demonstra-
tions of intimate friendship shown by England. We are
convinced that in Spain, above all countries, will be felt the
injuries done to that chivalrous nation in the person of the
being whom it respects above all things in the universe next
to God—the Queen. We arc convinced that Spain will long
remember the turpitude's which have been invented in order
to deliver up to the ridicule of Europe and the contempt of
all posterity the Prince whom it has chosen to be the husband
of its Queen, and to represent her as a fille per-due whom
they have intoxicated in a night of wines, and thus dis-
honoured and given up to an impotent Pnnce. If this gross
insult doe., not pierce the heart of every true Spaniard we do
not know this noble people."
Notwithstanding what is said in the English
papers of the arrival of the Count in London, and
some letters asserting his having reached the coast of
Spain, the French government appears ignorant as to
his real movements. It appears that the escape of
the Carlist pretender was prepared by the Marquis
de Boissy, that impetuous peer who gives so much
trouble to Duke Pasquier in the Upper Chamber, and it
was from his country place near Bourgcs that the
Count 3lontemolin started for Paris after dinner.

It is now ascertained that an extensive plan to pro-
mote a Carlist conspiracy in France has been some
time in operation, and that it would not have been
immediately carried into execution had not the occa-
sion presented itself on the announcement of the Mont-
pensier marriage. Several chiefs of the party have
been arrested at Bordeaux, whilst making preparations
to effect their escape.
All the leading Spanish refugee Progressists who
were in Belgium left last week. The Carlist General
'toy° was arrested and confined in the citadel of
Valenciennes. Colonel Nozale, a Spanish refugee,
who has been for the last five years residing at Nantes,
was also arrested and placed in confinement. The
colonel had recently paid a visit to Bourges, and had
an interview with the Count de Nlontemolin.

The steam corvette Lc Castor left Toulon on the
20th, to carry urgent government despatches to the
Prince de Joinville, whom she was to join in the Gulf
of Spczzia.
Lieutenant-General De Lamoriciere has not given
up the idea of getting into the Chamber of Deputies.
He will once more try his chance at Calais, where a
vacancy has occurred.
The Duke of Montpensier has written the follow-
ing letter to the Minister of Public Instruction:
' I am about, Monsieur le Miuistre, to beg you, in
consideration of my marriage, to grant an additional
eight days vacation to the pupils of the different colleges of
the University. It will give me great pleasure in thus
recalling to them, on an occasion so interesting to myself,
that I have sat on the same benches, the fellow-student of
their predecessors. aly brothers, from a similar feel-
ing, ou similar occasions solicited and obtained the same
favor front your predecessors and from you. Accept, Mon-
sieur le Ministre, the renewed assurance of my esteem.—
Your ANrotme D'ORLEANS. .

The request was of course immediately complied
with.

The Bourse was much agitated again to-day, and
another fall took place in consequence of rumours of
fresh disturbances in Spain ; but this being the holi-
day of the Jsws, many of the leading houses did not
transact any business.

Our news from Madrid is of the 20th. A tele-
graphic despatch reached Paris on Wednesday of that
date. The Spanish government had received, on the
preceding day, news of the escape from Bourges of
the Count de INlontemolin, and had forwarded
" energetic instructions " to the Captain-General of
the northern provinces. The same despatch an-
nounces the departure from before Cadiz of the
British squadron.
The discussion on the marriage in the senate ter-
minated on the 18th, and the marriage was voted
unanimously by 114 senators. The Deputies
were not to sit until Monday following. The
following are the members who abstained from
voting on the question of the Infanta's marriage :
Senor Nocedal, Vahey-Pacheco, Salamanca, Hos do
Olano, Zaragoza, Sierra Sambley, Pastor Diaz, A.
Llorente, Gonzales del Pino, Nunez, Arenas, Florez
Calderon, Deseartin, Quer, Lafuente, Seratin Calde-
ron, Seijas, Puche, Nlonreal.
El Tienapo states that it was reported in the lobbies
of the Chamber, that the English ambassador had re-
ceived from his government instructions to protest
against the marriage of the Infanta with the Due de
Montpensier, in the name of Great Britain.

FRANCE.—INCENDIARY FIRES.—It is difficult to
give an idea of the terror which pervades the country around
Paris, The farmers and their men, and even the inhabitants
of the villages, are on the watch at night. The Mayor of
Cortrat has unhappily fallen a victim to this watchfulness.
Having got up in the night to see that a farm of his was all
safe, he was shot by one of his own men, who took him for a
malefactor, as he did not reply to his challenge. There are
little hopes entertained of his recovery ; the man has been put
under arrest.

DENMARK.—ALToNA, SEPT. 20.—The follow-
ing royal proclamation was read in the churches to-day:—
" We, Christian the Eighth, by the grace of God, King of
Denmark, &c. &c., to all our faithful and loyal subjects,
greeting. We have been happy, after the lapse of several
years, to spend our birth-day in our Duchies, in the circle of
our faithful subjects. We have implored the Almighty
that it may be a day of peace and of blessing. With this
view, we think proper hereby to declare to all our faithful
subjects, whom too many attempts have been made to mis-
lead, respecting the real meaning of our letters patent of the
Bth of July, that it could by no means be intended to in-
fringe by them the rights of our duchies, or sf either of them ;
on the contrary, we have promised the Duchy of Sleswig
that it shall remain in its present connexion with
the Duchy of Holstein, whence it follows that the
Duchy of Holstein shall not be separated from
the duchy of Sleswig. We were equally far, in our
said letters patent, from contemplatiag any change in the
incontestible relations (which were therefore not mentioned)
in which our duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg are
placed, as members of the Confederation, to the German
Union, and the expressions contained in the letters patent
respecting the duchy of Holstein are, therefore, to be un-
derstood as implying that we entertain the firm hope that by
the recognition of the indivisibility of the Danish monarchy,
the constant union with other territories, and its indivisi-
bility depending thereon, will be secured to our indepen-
dent duchy of Holstein. By the aid and blessing of God,
this will come to pass, and we rely upon it that our beloved
and faithful subjects will not mistake our paternal intentions,
which are solely directed to their welfare. Confidence in the
Prince can alone insure the peace and tranquillity ofthe coun-
try, and God will bless the bond of union which unites them
both. Given at our palace at Ploen, on the 18th of September. '
(Signed) CHRISTIAN R., E. P. Islor,rxx.“—Our readers will
remark, with joy and gratitude, from the above royal pro-
clamation, that it is his Majesty's gracious will that the
Duchy of Holstein shall not be separated from the Duchy of
Sleswig, and that the Duchy of Holstein, in particular, is
declared to be an independent Duchy. Hence we perceive
that every interpretation of the expression " Gesamm stoat "
(collective state), which is contained iu his Majesty's letters
patent, and iu the communication to the States, which
seems to infringe on the position of Holstein as an indepen-
dent Duchy, will be considered as contrary to the will of his
:Molests. His Majesty's proclamation will, therefore,
certainly not fad to correct mazy notions that

have been el r ad about, and to have in the Duchies
a beneficial effect.
The Copenhagen journals publish the postal con-
vention between the governments of Denmark and England.
By this treaty the postage between the two countries is fixed
at one penny for each sfm.le letter not exceeding half an
ounce in weight, and for every letter exceeding that weight
the charge is to be increased according to the English rate of
charges. No postage is to be charged for newspapers sent
by the packets of the respective governments, but such as
are conveyed by private vessels are to pay one penny a sheet.
The Weser auzette says the King cannot hold a
court at Pleen, as it would not be attended by the nobles.
The Hamburg Gazette, of the 19th, quotes the
words, " our sovereign duchy of Schleswig," made use of
in a royal ordonnance of the 13th of June, 1729, to prove
that at that date it was still considered as a sovereign duchy,
notwithstanding the assertion that it was incorporated with
the kingdom of Denmark, by Frederick IV., in 1721.
The diplomatic note communicated to the Cabinet of Co-
penhagen by the Russian Chargi d'Affaires was also com-
municated to the Court of Oldenburg. The note of the
Russian government coincides with the letter patent as
regards Schleswig; as regards Holstein it thought it would
be necessary to come first to att understanding on the sub-
ject with the different Agnew, which, considering their
number, is nn easy task, and the resources of Denmark are
not great. The cabinet of Copenhagen intends sending an
ambassador-extraordinary on the subject to St. Petersburg ;
and it is thought that the Orand-Duke of Oldenburg will
make a proposition concerning the indemnity he is to re-
ceive for giving up his claims. Count de Reveutlow Criminil
is pointed out as the Danish ambassador to the Russian
Court.

----
THE CAUCASUS.—A bulletin from the Caucasus,
dated 28th August, states that Prince Augustiuski had put
to rout ten thousand mountaineers who had entrenched
themselves on the mountains of Tly. On the 6th, the Prince
gave orders to Msjor Origorkow to take possession of the
neighbouring heights; the second column then advanced,
and took possession of the mountain at the point of the
bayonet. The mountaineers numbered three hundred slain.
Two Russian staff officers and seventeen men were killed ;
one staff officer, tight other officers, and 167 men were
wounded. Different other skirmishes have taken place be.
tween the Russians and the mountaineers. A sharp encounter
occurred about the same date between the troops under the
orders of Prince Makajew and the Lesinaus near Pendosko,
in which the latter were defeated.

ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 9.—The Viceroy is returned
from Cairo. The envoys of the Sultan was to leave on the
11th. The Viceroy was received nt Cairo with great honours.
Ibrahim Pacha, accompanied by all the pachas and beys in
grand costume, went to meet him at the gardens of Choubra.
The city was illuminated tbr three days. Ibrahim I'acha
has left on a tour to Lower Egypt, and is expected hack
towards the end of the month. By the Spitfire we have
since received news from Alexandria to the 4th, but there is
nothing important. Sir George Arthur was on board. The
Ardent, which reached Alexandria on the morning of the
11th, after a passage of five days from Trieste, was to return
to that port to be at the orders of Mr. Waghorn. His Ex-
cellency Hermid Bey left fur Constantinople on the 10th,
loaded with presents to the amount of two or three thousand
pounds sterhug.
MOROCCO. THE CONFLICTING POWERS. A
lett: r from Toulon, of the 19th inst., mentions facts worthy
of attention, the war which is on th 2 point of breaking out
between Abd-eTKeder and Abderrahman, and the interven-
tion of France in favour of the latter. Before the return
of Alxl-el.Kacta to Morocco the Emperor ibderralunan
hoped to satisfy the demands of France without foreign aid,
and the French Consul at Tangiers, wrote to that efilet
to his Government. It was even thought fur a moment
that all ,tea Ides were removed after the interview between
M. Leon Roches and the Emperor at /tabat. As however
recounts differed, the Marshal called M. Roches to Algiers,
to sound him on the dispositions of the Emperor. Abd-el-
Kader's return to Morocco upset everything. The Emir
blamed the Emperor for hi, negotia ions respecting an in-
terchange of prisoners, and is even said to have menaced
him, and it may be asserted on good authority
that war between the Emperor and the Emir will soon
be declared. The energy of the Emir in his preparations is
extraordinary, and recruits arrive front all quarters to his
standard. Abderrahman is said to have demanded the
armed intervention of France, hut he merely received the
permission to assemble a large body of troops on the western
frontier of Algeria, so as to cut off all retreat for the troops
of .tbd-el-Kader, should they endeavour to seek a refuge in
the territory of Algiers. France has promised to main her
ally with ammunition and warlike stores; a field battery of
six guns is to be shipped at Toulon on the 25th inst. to serve
in the army of the Emperor; each gun is accompanied by an
artilleryman, and those men will probably enter the service
of the Emperor.
PERSIA.—To go from Khorawan to T)aghar, on
the road to Teheran, the Aras, the Araxes of the ancients,
must be crossed, hut as there are neither bridges nor ferry-
boats, it must be furded at a place called Klisseh, where the
river is both deep and broad, and the current variable and
uncertain. At this place is posted a detachment of Persian
cavalry, whose duties are thus defined. When a traveller
arrives with a firman, or passport, front the Government,
the officer in command orders one of his men to ride into the
river, and if he reaches the opposite bank, the current is
considered to be fordable, and the traveller is allowed to
cross with his suite. It frequently happens that the soldier
is carried away by the current, and it no more seen or heard
of, and the officer obliges the traveller to wait till the river
becomes lower, and then the experiment is renewed.
Although the favour of these trials is granted to none but
personages of distinction, they are sufficiently frequent to
cost the lives of nearly one•third of the detachment every
year."

The following document has been addressed to the
collectors and officers of the customs of the United
States, and which is of importance in reference to the
changes about to be brought into optration in the
new American tariff:—

" Treasury Department, Aug. 25, 1846.
" The department has been asked by merchants whether
flreign goods ware, old merchandise, on which the im-
port duty has been paid, can be entered for exportation for
benefit of drawback, and shipped to a foreign port and there
landed, but with the intention of being brought back and
relanded in the United States, and entry made of the same
goods at the rates of duty imposed by the Tariff Act of the
Stith July, 1846.
" In view of this inquiry, and the important public in-
terests involved, it is deemed proper at this juncture to issue
instructions on the subject, for the government of the
officers of the customs, and for the information of merchants
and others interested in the matter.

" As this subject has heretofore received the consideration
and deci-ion of the department, and instructions duly issued
in accordance therewith, it is deemed proper at this time to
recapitulate former instructions, and enjoin upon the re-
spective officers of the customs a strict conformity therewith.
"In a circular issued by the First Comptroller, under
date of the 13th of November, 1830, with the concurrence of
the then Secretary of the Treasury, the following decision is
communicated for the government of the officers of the
customs, viz. It has been supposed by some merchants
that when the duty on a certain article is reduced by law,
nothing more is necessary, in order to obtain the benefit
of the reduction on the previous importations of it, than
merely to comply with the forma of entering and shipping
it for benefit of drawback, without any intention whatever
of selling, or even landing it at a foreign port, and then
bringing it back to the United States, and entering it at the
low rate of duty.' Such a course' however, is considered to
be totally irreconcileable with the oath which the 76th
section of the collection law of March 2, 1799, requires the
exporter to take, and which is in the following words.—
. And the said exporter or exporters shall likewise make
oath that the said goods so noticed for exportation, and
laden on board such ship or vessel previous to the clearance
thereof, or within 10 days (20 days allowed by the second
section of the act of April 18, 1820), after such clearance,
are truly intended to be exported to the place whereof notice
shall have been given, and are not intended to be relanded
within the Cnited States.' "
" In a more recent circular from the department, dated
the 29th July, 1845, in reference to Texas, but deemed spe•
cially applicable to the question now under consideration,
the views and directions of the department are more speci-
cally given in the following extracts therefrom, to wit:—
"
By the 80th section of the act of Congress of the 2nd of
March, 1799, it is provided, ' That the collector aforesaid
may refuse to grant such debenture or debentures, in case
it shall appear to him that any error has arisen, or anv
fraud has been committed, and in case of such refusal, if
the debenture or debentures claimed shall exceed 100 dots.,
it shall be the duty of the said collector to represent the case
to the Comptroller of the Treasury, who shall determine
whether such debenture or debentures shall he granted or
not.' An entry for drawback, with a view to re-importation,
free of all duty, into the United States, is a fraud within the
meaning of this act ; and in all such cases it is the duty of
the collector to refuse the debenture certificate. In all cases
where the debenture shall not exceed 100 dollars, the col-
lector will judge for himself, whether such fraud as is
before designated is contemplated ; and, in the language of
the law, 'if the de'enture or debentures claimed shall
exceed 100 dollars, it shall be the duty of the said collector
to represent the case to the Comptroller of the Treasury.
who shall determine whether such debenture or debentures
shall be granted or not.'
" ' By the 7Gth section of the act of 2cl March, 1799, it is
provided as follows :—' And the said exporter of exporters
shall likewise make oath that the said goods, so noticed for
exportation, and laden on board such ship or vessel, pre-
vious to the clearance thereof, or within ten days alter
such clearance, are truly intended to be exported to the
place whereof notice shall have been given, and are not in-
tended to be relanded within the United States, otherwise
the said goods, wares, and merchandise shall not be entitled
to the benefit of drawback.

" ' If, then, in point of fact, the goods thus exported to
Texas, are intended 'to be rclanded within the United
States,' they are not entitled to drawback, and if relanded,
are subject to seizure and forfeiture, as well as the vessel in
which they are thus introduced.
" ' Great vigilance will be required in obtaining ample
security upon all export bonds, as those bonds may not be
cancelled in any case of exportation of goods to Texas, with
the privilege of drawback until the numerous and important
questions arising under such bonds shall have been finally
adjudicated.
" ' You will in no case omit to publish in the newspapers,
as now required by law, the names of all persons who
shall be found guilty of the violation of the revenue laws
therein prescribed, as well asto seize for forfeiture the goods,
vessel, tackle, apparel, and furniture, in all such cases.'
" It must he obvious from the foregoing, that the oath
prescribed by law could not be taken by an exporter, and the
goods so exported be relimdcil in the L. nited States, without

leated72o, such
subjecting ,aid exporter to the pehaltieselibed.
far).
jury, and the to forfeiture.
An entry or drawback, with a view to the _h.,.
tion of the goods at the lower duty, into the 1.7 ninted j".
is a fraud within the meaning of the 80th eeeti
of he Marcheacthteofeoure
n 2,
is the duty of the collector to refuge the debenture
quoted, of the 29th July, 1845. circular
cqautoctedo;
the
"M. J. WALIOnt, Secretary of the Treat:.
COLONIAL.
CANADA.—The Montreal Herald saye.
American Drawback Bill, and the reduction "
tion afforded to Canadian produce is already felt hereee many of our merchants are preparing to establish -
selves at New York. On the other hand, some of the C.
informed persons amongst us entertain the most;_""
hopes of benefit from the change in the British ,pr --.."!
policy. These persons believe that our
under the old regime were more than counterba~
laze
by the restrictions imposed upon U 3, and they
sire nothing more than to have the free trade
fairly carried out, no that we may have our 11114.1.-
-war
of the profits. Meetings have already; been held by ti„
Montreal Board of Trade, and jointly by the Toronto liee—jt
of Trade and Agricultural Society, at which the repeal
the Imperial differential duties, the repeal of the Is. frai.t.:
duty on American wheat, the modification of the Be
Navigation Laws, and the opening of the St. Lam
‘r,Z
have been dwelt upon as essentially necessary to th,,,„.
perity of the country. It will be remarked, that au
Omit measures, except the second, and purely imperial once
there is no doubt that active means will be speedily us'er,.
bring them under the notice of the British Government..*
CAPE OF GOOD 110PE.—A private letter ha
been received in Southampton from Port Elizabeth dated
JheK uly 11affir , from
war which is extracted the following, relating
t :
sr My own occupations have been much interrupted M the elm,
turtate Kaffir war. Though the sun of war is at lest 101.1 auk, en*
here, yet the Kaffir. have penetrated to within 20 anles of us, am oonsequence of there being a large depart of gunpowder here, mli
ien
not been without our apprehensions that we may same ni.ht team
prised by a large body of these marauders. To prevent . •
large bodies of the inhabitants and lingoes have, M tarns.
-g
Parallel
round the town every night, and part of every week is deral military training. In addition to this, the town has hem 4reptto
constant agitation from this large number of Burghers arra., b,
sea from the Cape district, on their way to wit ~
There is no saying when or how the war is likely
goinm, to teramar.
It rs,
only now collected a force of 14,010 men, and gnu
thr
ha
menu are spoken of. Unless the ammunition or the Bura;J,
fall short, lam not very sanguine as to the result. Mita
most to fear is a poor patched up peace, be which the mkt, ,4
be subjected every seven or ten years to the like diugruur am,
the part of the Barbra, from which we hare been so lung is surfer*,
It true that the available force which the governor has a mesas
' much larger than ever the !Ultra had to cuntend with \Am ppR
they are a cunning and politic rape of people, and they
their impenetrable forests and fastnesses in the mountains, mei;
a aort of guerilla warfare for years. It is true the gam,
has a force strong enough to annihilate the Erftlrs, be ht
must catch them Best. Judging from the past, MX Ireolld
he ix not likely to do so so soon. The fact is, and it is no ure 1.4
guise it, that up to the present time the Karlin have eumpktm%
generallml the English. The English have born harramed log
marches to try to catch them, but it has led to nothing, meanly.,
one or two occasions, where they caught them in an open
killed about 300 of them. In airman all other can, the Karlin Ey
succeeded, certainly at the cost of many of their lives, but thereat
little for a few lives, provided they secure a good bogy. Ile ht,
gher forces, in defending their property, have shown the mat
bravery. The "'Bigamy have mond most valuable allies to the Makk
and in same caws the Hottentots have distinguished themselves
the troops—he regular troops—what have they done ! Why, east
int the molltary instance above mentioned, just nothing at all I.l*
mk indignantly ward use are they, excepting to abut therms.
up in their forts The observations in the public pun
are very cutting, and I should think there is warmly a
who does not smart under the castigation. One oth,:r is to he vie
by a emirtmartial for losing 40 wagons he was escorting. TM um
du not like bush-fighting, but it would be madness for Earliest.) am
Meru in upon field. We wait, however, fur the nest two er tit
weeks. It is scarcely possible to conceive the distress oec Mond is
the war already; fani-o ruined, whole districts lii 1 in mho. j
great ti at of the dilliculty consists in furnishing tire troops with a.
Large escorts are indispensable. A few weeks ago,. k.,
dyed wagons were sent with provisions, ammunition, lac., with a
orwrt of 1,000 urea. It had to be conveyed Iron, this plan ably
roads, abounding in bush where the Kakis lie nidden, fur a Minim
of 1341 miles."

\AN DIEMEN'S LAND.—By the packet-ship
Royal George, which arrived yesterday, after a very quiet
passage, advices and papers have been received from Vu
Diemeu's Land to the 14th of May. The sittings of as
Legislative Council had been adjourned until the 20th d
May, when the report of commissioners on the new propoS.
Bons fur constituting courts of justice at Norfolk laud,
would be laid before that assembly. In the meantime the
unpopularity of Sir Eardley Wilmot, the governor, enamel
to be on the increase, and strong rumours were in &winos
that the representations of the members of the late councl
would have great weight with the authorities of the Colonial-
oilier, and that the next despatches from Downiusestreet
would bring the necessary instrument for his excellency's re.
call. In the words of one of the journals, regarding Itis
excellency, it is said, " Never did a governor personally
offend so many individuals as Sir Eardley Wilmot has door,
and all by pettiness of temper. With any one of the ex-
councillors he is on terms of personal hostility, in come•
quence of their public conduct, and we should be ashamed
to relate iu what manner this feeling has been exhibited to-
wards one of them. It may be here seen that those who
perform their duty as unto their Maker, but not unto man,
can disregard enmity and malice, even though it may
be armed with power, and they can smile at it just as man
as though it may have the plausible aspect of justice put
upon it by the instrumentality of any magistrate or board"
A strong memorial had been presented to Sir Eardley
ma and the Ilegidatlve Council from a large body of the
moat respectable residents of Hobart Town, praying forty
adoption of an institution for the education of the youth el
the colony in classical and mathematical learning. " That tas
objects of such a school should be to impart instruction nth,
more advanced branches of an English education, in models
languages, in Latin and Greek, and in mathematical sad
physical science. But that it was indispensable for tit
success of the institution that it should be open to all ChM
and denominations of the community." To this represent.
tion an answer had been received from Lord Stanley, is
which his lordship states that " if such a school were esta-
blished at Hobart Town, or at any more convenient place is
the colony—and if when so established it should appear to be
justly entitled to assistance from the public revenue, there
would be on the part of her Majesty's government every
disposition to afford that assistance to the extent of the reve-
nue at their disposal, which could properly be so applied."
The answer has given great satisfaction. The Malcolm car-
ries home a large quantity of the finest copper ore perhaps
ever imported into Britain from Australia, with several spe-
cimens of goid ores. A grand public entertainment was given
on the 2nd to Dr. Nixon, Bishop of Tasmania, and addresses
were presented to him on his departure from the colony for
England. The reply of the bishop was highly characteristic
of that functionary, and was warmly received. The right
rev, prelate has since delivered an energetic charge to the
clergy of the colony.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA.—By arrivals from
Freemaatle we learn that the new Governor of Westen
Australia, Lieut.-Colonel Andrew Clarke, K. 11.. formerly
Governor of St. Lucia, arrived at his new scat of government
on the 26th January, on board the ship Cumberland, from
London. His Excellency was accompanied by Ids lady, Mal
Jackson, Mrs. Forbes, and Mrs. Arden. On the occasion of
his Excellency reaching Perth he is said to have conducted
himself with the greatest urbanity, accompanied by a gentle-
manly deportment which won the favourable opinion of all.
J. Hutt, Esq., the late governor, left the colony for England
in her Majesty's ship Fly. He was accompanied to the jetty
by the principal part of the inhabitants, and embarked under
• salute of' 17 guns from Arthur's Head, and the hearty
cheers of those assembled to bid him farewell.