The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-02 00:00:00

Vht Uantgg.

MAILS.
The Wed India mitts, including those for Mexico. Honduras, and
Havana. %rill be made up on the morning of the 2nd November (this
day).
overland waits for Gibraltar, Malta. Greene. the lonian
Hong-Kong. Islands,
Zrt Aden, Ceylon, India, ong-Kong. and China, vie Southampton,
made up on the morning of the 3rd November (to-morrow).
The mails for BrlCoh North America, Bermuda, and the United
States, will be made up on the evening of the 3rd Novrmber to-
morrow).
The mails for Madeira, Brame, and Buenos Ayres, will be twee up
on the morning of the 4th Nov.
The mails for Corunna, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will te made up on the morning of the 7th November.
The overland closed mails, yin *awaits, to the Mediterranean,
Egypt. Mai, Ceylon. India, llong-Kong, Sra., will be made up on the
evening of the November.)

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
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anonymously ; but Haw who chose to addreu on in confidence will
And !their coolldrneo reminded. NEMIERCAN WE UNDERTAKE
TO RETURN ANT MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER.
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must be at the Ottlec by Two o'ctock on the day dpublicaHon.

ITTOII WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
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LONDON, MONDAY, NOV. 2.
WE disagree, and on no slight grounds, with the
opinion of many of our contemporaries, that govern-
ment has determined not to open the porta. There were
many reasons why such a measure neither required
the assembling of parliament, nor was necessarily to
be the accompaniment of a prorogation. Far from con-
sidering the question as at rest, or deferred till the
12th of January, we feel convinced that it is still open
to the influence of facts and arguments, to the neces-
sities which a further rise in price would create, or to
the evils, which the further extraction of foreign corn
from our ports and warehouses would evince.
We have now practically a fixed duty "of 4s. a
quarter on wheat. In order to investigate the probable
consequences of an immediate suspension of the corn
duties, let us trace the ordinary transaction by which
foreign corn is imported. A merchant having pur-
chased corn in a foreign port at a price, which, after
payment of freight and charges of importation,
would enable him to obtain the usual rate of profit
on such ventures at the market price in this coun-
try, finds, that before he can obtain access to our
market, besides paying freight and charges,
he must pay a duty of 4s. a quarter on
his cargo of wheat. The effect of paying that duty
would be that he could obtain no profit, by import-
ing and paying the duty; perhaps he might even sus-
tain a lose. Still he looks at the prospects of the corn
trade ; he sees the great deficiency in the potato crop,
a deficiency which means famine to one-third of the
United Kingdom; he seesthe failure of all the crops but
corn and pulse; he examines minutely all reports of the
actual results of the wheat crop, and, putt ing all the
circumstances together, he satisfies himself that,
although he cannot at present pay the duty and im-
port at a profit, the time will come when the rise of
prices in our market will enable him to do so. He
accordingly imports his cargo of wheat and lands it
in bond. Now, let us remark in passing, that this
landing in bond is practically an addition to the duty
of something like a shilling a quarter arising from the
extra charges of warehousing, turning, and keeping
the grain. Moreover, whilst the importer is waiting
for the rise in price which is to give him his profit,
his capital is locked up. Ile is precluded, so far
as that portion of his capital is concerned, from em-
barking in a new venture of the same kind. After a
time the demand for wheat in the market so far ex-
ceeds the supply, that the average price—that is,
the average of all kinds of wheat—rises sufficiently
high to enable the importing merchant to obtain his
ordinary profit after payment of the fixed 4s. duty ;
all the charges of landing, and so forth. But how
have the consumers fared in the meantime ? They
have been subjected to a pressure which is equivalent
to 4s. a quarter duty, and Is. landing in bond ex-
penses on every quarter of wheat consumed ; that is
so far as the merchant's cargo would have corrected
the deficient supply ; and what is true of one cargo
is true of every other cargo; therefore the effect of the
4s. fixed duty is to postpone all relief from foreign
supplies until all the wheat sold in this country has
attained a price 59. a quarter above its natural price.
Not only are the wheat consumers taxed upon that
portion of the wheat which is actually imported, but,
in order to obtain such imported supply, they must
be taxed to the same:amount on all the wheat grown
at home.
Let us test this by reference to the state of the
world's grain market at this moment. Great Britain,
France, Belgium and Holland, are competitors for
the grain of the corn-exporting countries of Europe
and of America. With the exception of Great
Britain all these nations admit wheat duty free.
Their governments wisely regard the removal of
impediments to a supply of food as a duty of the
first necessity. Now the average price in the
British market being, we take, for the sake
of illustration, the last six weeks' average,-
565. a quarter, merchants can import wheat
into France, Belgium, or Holland, sell it at 525. a
quarter, and obtain the same profit as by importing
into the British market and paying the 4s. duty.
Let France, Belgium, or Holland offer the merchant
535. a quarter, and all the foreign grain passes away
from the British consumer for the benefit of his com-
peting foreign neighbours. So far then as they depend
upon foreign supplies, the people of France, Holland,
or Belgium, in this period of general dearth, are cer-
tain, by reason of our corn-laws, to obtain their
wheat at least 3s. a quarter cheaper than the British
consumer. The journals tell us that, in fact, all the
nations of the European Continent are importing
grain, and in many of them importation is artificially
promoted by their governments.
And it must be remembered that the supply of
foreign corn is not unlimited. The period during
which it can be exported from the Baltic ports is
rapidly drawing to a close. Whilst we are letting
we dare not wait upon we will, and hesitating to feed
our people, lest the BENTINCHS and the Rica-
MONDe should raise a hubbub about a breach of an
implied con*sct, to which they, at all events, refused
to be parties, other nations are appropriating to them-
selves the stores of grain which should have been
eur own.
This doubla sufficientreason for prompt and imme-

diets action. Every hour during which the duty on
foreign grain is maintained renders the certainty of a
nine _oath's permanent scarcity more assured. There
is a principle applicable especially to an article of
Ilia prime necessity as wheat, which is strangely
warlsoked by those who contend that " the English-
man knowing the wants of the future, knows also
how those wants may be supplied ;" and that " come
what may to the continent, England will not suffer
for want of corn ;" which is this, that whenever corn
is scarce, the price advances in a greater ratio than
than the actual deficiency. Apprehension and alarm,
aided by speculation, produce this result. And where
no artificial canoes affect the market, the effect of that
principle would be beneficial, by limiting consump-
tion somewhat more than in the end might prove to
have been absolutely necessary. But when prices are
artificially raised by a duty, which limits the supply,
the operation of this principle adds to the
severity with which scarcity presses on the
people, or in proportion as the price of wheat
rises towards famine point, does the tendency
of price to outrun the actual extent of scarcity in-
crease. It is thus obvious that fifty or five hundred
thousand quarters of foreign wheat introduced into
our market when the average price was 50s. a quar-
ter would have a mach greater effect in limiting the
rise of prices than when introduced at 565. a quarter.
Every motive, therefore, should impel our government
to allow the introduction of wheal at the lowest pos-
sible price.
Let us tarn now to the actual state of the home
corn trade as dependent upon the past harvest, andthe
prospects of the next. And first as to the inferior
grains; barley, oats, beans, and peas, are absolute
failures. The means by which meat is produced, and
the fertility of the land kept up through stock feeding,
are almost abstracted from agriculturists in this coun-
try. From all districts we learn that not one half,
perhaps scarcely one fourth, the usual quantity of cattle
will be fed for the butcher this winter. Farmers who
commonly stall-feed two, three, and four scores of
bullocks, have not one beast tied up. Every vestige of
duty, therefore, should be removed from all grain that
can be used in feeding stock, on which depends the
animal food of the community. And on this ground
alone sugar should be instantly substituted for grain
in distilleries. Bat can cattle food be released from
duty, and the duty on the food of man retained?
Assuredly it cannot. And there is scarcely less
urgency, looking at oar agricultural prospects, for
guarding, so far as is possible, against the deficiency
of wheat as against the scarcity of other grain.
In the first place, the average price by which
importation is regulated , tends unduly to retard
importation. The real price of wheat is very unfairly
represented by the average price, because the price of
a vast quantity of very inferior wheat, which
is nearly unfit for human food, enters into the
averages, and greatly reduces them. Persons
not practically acquainted with English farming
would scarcely believe the enormous quantities of
wheat which are spoiled, in almost all seasons, by the
impatience or the negligence of farmers. To give
instances, we may mention what occurred on three
adjoining farms during the harvests of 1845 and 1846,
within twenty miles of London. The season of 1845
was wet during harvest, and a large proportion of the
wheat everywhere was carried in bad and damp con-
dition. On farm A, the whole of the wheat crop was
literally carried in the rain, and, in consequence, the
farmer was unable to thresh it oat until the spring,
and then he had great difficulty in finding a purchaser
for it at any price. The wheat on farm B was carried
in a damp state, though not to the same extent as in
the first case mentioned, and the whole crop was pur-
chased at but a moderate price by a miller of the
neighbourhood. He found that the crop was so in-
fected by the mayweed, or wild camomile, that he
was unable to use it himself, or to re-sell it, except at
a very serious loss. Oa farm C, the occupier
left his wheat in the field, frequently moving
it, and ultimately carried it, though after
much expense, in very fair condition, and sold it be-
fore Christmas for the best price of the district. In
1846 the wheat of farm Alms been again carried in the
wet, and will probably sell at a very low price ; that
of farm B was carried in such condition, that the far-
mer bought a large quantity of pigs, with the inten-
tion of consuming the whole by feeding swine;
though, after prices had risen considerably, he sold
the whole of the crop in the straw, of course at a low
price. The occupier of farm C, again, had patience ;
kept out his wheat until the weather had cleared up,
and carried it in good condition. But the farms A and
B comprised together seven or eight times more acres
than farm C.
Now, a minute inquiry would show that something
of this sort takes place iu every district, and thus it
is that the average price of wheat is only 565. a quar-
ter, when, in Uxbridge market, there has been a
good deal sold at 80s. a quarter. The average price
tells but little of the real price of the better
samples of wheat. And though the price of good
wheat is now very high, there is every prospect of
an increased price as the season advances. The sales
since September, as compared with last year, show a
large increase, which is to be attributed to the
generally dry state of the last crop. The
.stock of
wheat in farmers' hands is much less than last year,
and the yield of the present crop proves considerably
short of that which, from the appearance of the grow-
ing crop was expected. An intelligent agriculturist in
Lincolnshire tells us that that deficiency is one quar-
ter to the acre. The immense quantity of rain which
has fallen this autumn will affect the wheat sowing
on heavy soils, and upon all undrained land, by far the
larger portion of each soils, much of it mast go into
the ground very badly. All these circumstances, to
which, did our limits permit, many more might be
added, prove that the public has a right to expect
something very different from that blank refusal of
the government to open the ports, which the London
press seems so ready to believe, and so resigned to
--I.vice in.

MR. GRANTLEY BERKELEY has addressed to the
persons whom he styles " the independent electors of
the western division of Gloucestershire," a letter
which occupies two columns of the largest news-
paper page, when printed in the smallest newspaper
type. The matter, even more than the length, pre-
eludes our republishing it.
It is difficult to describe this letter shortly. It
begins with very severe and withering satire on
" editors of papers styling themselves gentlemen of
the press ;' " goes on to explain " the facts which
ruled the course" Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY pursued
on the question of free-trade ; complains of the con-
duct of his brother towards him ; gives a disagree-
able family picture sketched at Berkeley Castle ; ad-
ministers a severe castigation to his cousin and oppo-
nent by anticipation, Mr. GRANVILLE BERKELEY;
boasts of his own exemplary discharge of parlia-
mentary duty; and declares his intention of braving
the opposition of the Castle, and sticking to his " post
of honourable ambition" as the representative of West
Gloucestershire.
The attack on the press which opens the letter is
unnecessarily severe. We can say confidently for
our own part that we have done nothing to deserve
the name of " piqued and false detractors" of Mr.
GRANTLEY BERKELEY. " at the galled jade wince;
our withers are unwrung." We never " hired yachts."
We never " indulged in vituperation, uncalled for and
unfair." We never were " revengeful" or " bitter."
We had no insult or injury to avenge on Mr.
BERKELEY. We never heard or read any thing of
his saying or writing that could possibly excite gall.
On the contrary, we have been indebted to him for
great and (to all but sensitive grammarians) harm-
less amusement. In short, we cannot charge our-
selves with having done any thing to Mr. BERKELEY
or his order which could just►fy him in inflicting on
us the hideous and peculiar punishment invented by
him for newspaper writers. This consists in "holding

up" the unhappy scribbler " to the thrust he aims At
others." We cannot ooneeive any thing more perplexing
than the infliction of this Berkeleian sentence. How
A is to be held up to the thrust A aims at some-
body else, we cannot clearly see, unless A be akin to
the celebrated conjuror of the last century who used
to leap down his own throat.
Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY is indignant at the con-
struction put by a contemporary upon passages in
his former letters. We plead guilty to having in-
terpreted the passages alluded to in the way com-
plained of. But Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY should
be merciful. His language is not easy to construe
satisfactorily. To construe it at all requires a method
of interpretation al loose as Mr. BERKELEY'S style of
composition. He should remember the liberties he
takes with the English language, as generally written,
before he blames the journalists for taking liberties with
that language 68 written by Mr. GRANTLEY BERKE-
LEY. He should think of his intricate and inexpli-
cable periods " where foams rebellious Logic gagged
and bound," and the boldness with which he, under
the inspiration of pen and ink,

.4 Plunged from his sense, but found no bottom there,
Yet wrote and floundered on, in mere despsir."

He defies SYNTAX, and must not appeal to its tri-
bunal He breaks Pluseinzt's head, and must not
call on the grammarian to aid him, after his manifold
insults. In fact, writing as no one but himself ever
wrote, he must not wonder at being misinterpreted.
He has furnished us with the unknown tongue. He
in bound to give us the key, or must not blame us if
we read the riddle wrongly. He assumes the mysteri-
ous language of the Sphinx, his commentator has a
right to plead " lisvus suo, non CEntrus."
He volunteers an interpretation himself. We con-
fess we cannot understand the explanation.
We, with others, commenting on his previous let-
ters, declared him to have asserted that he stood, where
he now stands, in deference to Lord FITZHARDINDE.
That "he had gone so far and no further" in com-
pliance with his brother's wishes. Having hitherto
proved compliant, he thought that if the earl medita-
ted retrogression or advance, he, his nominee, should
have had the option of going backwards or forwards
with his patron. The inference we drew from all this
WBB, that Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY was a pattern
nominee, and had squared his political conduct by
Earl FITZHARDINGE'S rule.

He is very indignant at this inference. He says,
"I have been called a political automaton,' and my
general conduct towards an elder brother attempted
to be stained with improper subserviency to his will."
He declares that his meaning has been perverted.
" I never said, or intended to say, that Lord Ferz.
same:ice should have given me the option of taking
either step by his will, or that I was ready to take
any step he chcse to dictate. I said, that upon the
question of free-trade, having gone to a certain point,
and no further, with Lord FITZIIARDINGE, if he con."
templated either a retrograde movement or an advance,
before he withdrew from me a support he had given
uninterruptedly for the space of 14 years, it was due
to me that I should at least have had the ' option' of
standing by ' his side.' "
We print the explanation, professing our utter
inability to see in what new light it places Mr.
BERKELEY'S conduct We have no doubt he means
something quite different from anything the words
convey. We are convinced the sentence was intended
to contain a triumphant vindication of his independ-
ence. But we regret to tell him it does not contain
anything of the kind. It is a reassertion of our as-
sertion, and leaves the matter just where we
placed it.
Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY goes on to defend his
political character. He has voted he says, for the
abolition of slavery, and for the maintenance of dog-
carts, Sunday dinners, and Sunday post deliveries.
" The same independent line of conduct," he declares,
" governed him on the game-laws."
It is only such men as Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY
who can be governed by lines of conduct.
This faculty belongs to those only who can " hold
men up to the thrusts they aim at others," "circum-
scribe individual wishes to meet the run of circum-
stances," and conceive " vetos attempted to be cloaked
by a shadowy clique of squires," which last concep-
tion we believe to:be unparalleled for misty and Mar-
tinesquc horror. His absence from the division on
the corn-laws is explained at great length. He was
inclined, in Member, 1845, to give PEEL'S measure
his support, though the Earl "hated the measure,"
and thought it " of dangerous tendency." Two courses
were open. Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY might
either advocate the measure, or remain strictly
neutral. During his deliberation as to which
course he should follow (or in Berkleyian, " which line
of conduct should govern him") ; he heard Lord
FITZIIARDINGE prophesying ruin to the small landed
proprietors, and some of the advocates of Free-trade
in the House venting wild prophecies that the mea-
sure, once passed, there would be an end to the
present race of farmers,"—the men with whom he,
Mr. G. BERKELEY, had hunted and shot, many of
whom, probably, he had " punched on the head."
He heard, too, that "the attack on the game-laws
was got up as an adjunct aid to the success of the
free-trade movement, mooted simply to save dis-
satisfaction between the landlord and his tenant, to
weaken their reliance on each other, and to induce
the tenants to join the ranks of the Free-traders."
Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY, deeply considering
these things, although " he did not apprehend such
direful and cruel consequences to the farmers," nor
the consummation of "the frightful mischief they,
some of the free-traders, contemplated;' although
he " hopes" that the principle of free trade is bene-
ficial; although he had "an original bias in favour of
the measure;" although he is " determined to assist
the government to carry out the free-trade spirit, as
far as it has yet appeared, all over the world ;"
although he It id all these reasons to vote for the
measure, Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY, peculiar in
logic as in style, determined to remain neutral and not
vote at all. This he calls "an independent, and, he
hopes, a just spirit" We should call it an inconsist-
ent, and, we fear, ridiculous, spirit, if we must not use
a harsher term.
The absurd table disclosures of Berkeley Castle
practices and family feuds we pass over. They are
too gross for public comment. The revelation
of them by the pen of a brother we should have
thought hardly justified by political martyrdom. Mr.
GRANTLEY BERKELEY is woundily severe on his
unhappy cousin, the nominee that is to be. He
is very sarcastic on "the man West Gloucester-
shire is to receive as the rider of its elective
franchise." Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY did not feel
the seat a disagreeable or discreditable one, according
to his own notions, while secure in the saddle. He
should remember that after all it depends on the
animal bestridden, whether such a seat is likely to
gall its occupant The West Gloucestershire is as
easy-going a constituency as ever was crossed by a
nominee. We do not anticipate it will make any
resistance to a change of jockeys. It is hardly fair,
after so long and pleasant a ride, that Mr. GRANTLEY
BERKELEY should spirit up the animal to any restive-
ness. He was hoisted into the saddle by the Earl
FITZIIARDINGE, the owner of the constituency,—he
should get down when the owner bids him.

OCR attention has lately been drawn to a report
that a fever of a frightful character was prevailing at
Aylesford, a village near Maidstone in Kent, sup-
posed to have been introduced by the crew of the
ill-fated Eclair. The amount of death was repre-
sented as appalling. Before giving currency to this
report, we thought it necessary to institute some
inquiry, and through the agency of an intelligent
medical man residing at Maidstone, we are enabled to
state what were the circumstances, giving rise to

- -
the report. It appears that Aylesford is one of those
" lovely villages of the plain," towards which at a
distance so much sentimentality has been directed,

wbid►, OR

la lOUna tO DO a lIIIrSei7 of
diseaso.

pestilential vapours and the hot-bed of
Although the condition of this village is not each as
tooxsite any general alarm, yet still we believe it
may be taken as a fair sample of too many villages of
this country, and as such we think it worth while to
record its present state, and to call attention to the
fact, that while so much regard is being paid
to sanatory provisions in our large towns they
are not less required for our villages. Aylesford
is situated about three miles from Maidstone, close
to the river Medway, and backed by a high hill.
It contains a poor population of about 400 inhabitants.
During this autumn a remittent form of fever has
prevailed in this place, with which at least one
quarter of the population has been attacked. It has
not, however, been so fatal as was at first represented
to us ; and the Registrar's book shows that eight per-
sons have died since the 17th of September, when the
fever first showed itself. This fever could not have
originated in any manner with the Eclair, as that vessel
was not within twenty miles of the place, and it
does not appear that any of its crew have had any
communication with the village. The cause of the
fever is very obviously in the place itself. Like most
of our villages, no attention is paid to drainage, or
the removal of accumulations of decomposing animal
and vegetable matter; and though the air in the
country round about may be pare and invigo-
rating, close to the dwellings of the inhabitants it
is mingled with pestiferous exhalations—a cesspool,
common to several of the houses sending forth
not only offensive odours, but actually soaking
through the walls of the buildings. The whole village
is imperfectly drained, and the fever has been most
prevalent in the worst drained spots, and of course,
as most of these calamities are, has been felt with
moot severity by the poorest part of the population.
Such is the state of Aylesford, and such, we believe,
with greater or less degrees of intensity, is the condi-
tion of the majority of villages in the United King-
dom. In support of this statement we may appeal to a
communication from Dr. Scorr ALISON, which ap-
peared a few weeks since in the Express, in
which he points out the results of the neglect of
drainage and clearing away accumulations of filth in
the villages of Scotland. This is a subject which
calls loudly for attention. If parish officers and the
more opulent inhabitants of villages are so ignorant,
or careless and prejudiced, as not to see that it
would be to their own interest to prevent
disease and death, and consequent poverty and
dependence on the parish for relief, and even
the prevention of the access of contagion to
their own families, they ought at least to be com-
pelled, for the sake of the health and lives of their
fellow-creatures, to remove the causes of these cala-
mities. Nor is this a difficult matter. The money
that is spent in supporting the wife and family of a
victim to typhus fever would in many cases be amply

sufficient for the removal of the filth capable of engen-
dering a fever in the whole parish. Let those who
delight to dwell on the evils of our " great-town
system" ponder on these small village facts, and wel
think they will find an Augean stable to cleanse
amongst our rural population before they can come
with clean hands to the rescue of the inhabitants of
our towns and cities. Imagine Manchester or Bir-
mingham with a quarter of their population attacked
with fever in six weeks, and a fiftieth part carried to
their graves in the same period, and an idea may be
formed of the destructive nature of the disease at
Aylesford. Or suppose London and its suburbs thus
neglected, and the bills of mortality would give us
40,000 deaths, a number within a few hundreds as
great as that which was carried off in the United
Kingdom by the epidemic cholera during the whole
period of its visitation.

The Peninsular steamer Royal Tar, which arrived
on Saturday at Southampton, brings important news
from Portugal. She left Lisbon on the 24th alt., and
Oporto on the 2Gth, at which time the latter city was
in open rebellion and in a state of blockade. Viana
had been captured by the insurgents, and a strong
rebel force was assembled at Coimbra. The Diario
do Goreraa of the 24th, asserts that the rebels at
Oporto were entirely deficient of money, but the
general character of the insurrection had greatly
alarmed the Queen's party, who feared that her
Majesty would be obliged to leave Lisbon. A requi-
sition had been made to the British admiral, and his
squadron was proceeding towards Lisbon. On the
21st it was about ninety miles to the westward of
Cadiz. The Canopus only was at Lisbon when the
Royal Tar left.

The sixth anniversary of the accession to power of
the Guizot-Soult Cabinet, was celebrated by a dinner
given at the Chateau of St. Cloud, on Thursday last,
by the king, at which all the members of the Cabinet
were present, except the President of the Council,who
was at his country scat of Soult-berg. These annual
celebrations have been generally held at the htitcl of
the President of the Council. In his absence, it is said
that the real head of the government, M. Guizot.
wished to receive his colleagues at the 11,;(el iles Af-
faires Etratag;ree, but, if the opposition organs arc to
be credited, some of these colleagues were not disposed
to pay that deference to the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, which would have been implied by their
accepting his invitation on such an occasion, and
the inconvenience was avoided by the royal in-
terposition. Notwithstanding various semi-official
announcements of approaching changes in the minis-
try, and a very explicit statement quoted by us lately
from the Par tefeuille, a journal wluch is known to be
in communication with the Foreign-office, to the
effect that Marshal Soult had resigned the presidency,
which was about to be immediately conferred upon
M. Guizot, and that several members of the cabinet,
mentioned by name, would retire, and be replaced by
others entertaining political sentiments more in har-
mony with those of the new president, yet no such
ministerial changes nor any other have taken place, or
appear likely to ensue. This suspension of the process
of remodelling the cabinet so formally announced,
has attracted much attention, and friven rise to various
conjectures, in connexion with which Le Commerce,
Le Courrier lianqais, and other journals, circulate
a report to the following effect ; that on Sunday last,
Lord Normanby had an audience of the king at St.
Cloud, and held a long personal conference with his
Majesty, at which M. Guizot was not present Lord
Normanby, on this occasion, assured the king that the
English Ministry had received from Sir It. Peel and
the members of the late government, a promise of
the most cordial and unqualified support in parlia-
ment on the question of the Spanish marriage, and
that the English ministry were aware of the diplo-
matic proceeding which had been taken by the
Cabinet of the Tuileries to embarrass them on this
qaestion with the opposition.
It is further stated that almost at the moment
of this conference at St. Cloud, M. Guizot re-
ceived a despatch from M. de Jarnac, the con-
tents of which fully corroborated the decla-
ration of the British ambassador. The embarrassment
thus produced was further enhanced by a com-
munication received on Monday from Soult-
berg, in which the present President of the Council
withdrew his resignation. Thus, it is said, all the
plans for reconstructing the cabinet under the pre-
sidency of M. Guizot have vanished like an air-built
castle.

The deputation of the Spanish bondholders have
been received by M. Guizot, who has expressed the
liveliest sympathy towards them on the part of the
government, and has given them the strongest
assurances that he would use every means at his dis-
posal to bring about a speedy and satisfactory adjust-
ment of their claims.

The inundations may now be considered as ter-
minated. The desolation of the country however,
which is from day to day disclosed by the retiring
waters, is most distressing. The loss of property of
every description is immense, and the prevalent feel-
ing is, that the amount of pecuniary aid proposed by
government is utterly inadequate to the occasion, and
exhibits no very creditable contrast beside thr: amount
expended for purposes in which the nation really has
no interest

The Madrid mails of the 24th and 25th arrived in
Paris on Friday, that of the 2P,th was still due when
owe correspondent closed his d•mpatches.
These journals contain no Spanish news of interest ;

C,.‘ 1/15 4V Wl' GV Cl

!XVIII rOrlallgl6l. w

ilia 19th.
The preee in Portugal being extinguished, and the
Dierio do Go.nerno being the mere vehicle for such
communications' as the existing government desires
to =he to the vublic, no source of intelligence is
available except pricate correspondence. As may be
expected under such Prcumstaaces, the journals of
Madrid contain accounts cf the events which occur in
Portugal strongly coloured with the peculite politics of
each paper. The journals of the prtyressigtas declare
that the triumph of the insurgents is certain, and an-
nounce that in Lisbon itself a movement has been ma-
nifested. The ministerial journals, on the other hand,
express their confidence in the triumph of the Queen
and the Saldanha ministry, deriving much hope from
a division which has been manifested among the
insurgents at Oporto.
What is certain is, that the insurrectional junta of
Oporto has resolved to maintain Queen Dona Maria
on the throne; but to obtain from her the dismissal of
the Saldanha ministry, and the restoration of the
government to its condition before the 7th of October.
It has sent an address to the Queen, in which it urges
upon her this measure, justifying at the same time
the arrest of the Duke of Terceira. This address con-
, eludes as follows :
" The nation does not desire civil war, but it accepts the
diellenge and takes up the glove which has been cast by the
hart excusable of all errors of governments. May your Ma-
jesty ward off the evils which threaten us, and consent to
dissolve a ministry which has so unfortunately commenced
its career, and name another which will have the confidence
of your people. Your Majesty will then sec the people lay
down their arms with as much submission as on former oc-
casions."

Besides this address, the Count das Antas has sent
a letter to her Majesty, in which, after having assured
her of the state of public feeling in the province of
Minho, he adds:
" Under these difficult circumstances, I have judged it
wise and politic to direct every effort to the defeace of the
throne and the country. This is what I have done, and
doing, and will continue to do. Your Majesty will appre-
ciate my conduct and intentions. I glory in having served
to the beat of my ability; it has been thus that I have merited
the favour of your Majcity's father, my protector, my friend,
and my general, eternally regretted. I would sacrifice to
your Majesty all that is dear to me upon earth. I regret,
Madame, that my services arc not greater. I lay them all
at the foot of your throne, entreating, with the majority of
the Portuguese. that jour Majesty will grant the wishes and
wants of the nation." _ . .

Although the Spanish ministerial journals con-
dude from this letter that the Count das Antas is not
very sincere in his support of the insurrection, the
other journals state that the people are full of zeal,
and resolve to push the insurrection to the last ex-
tremity. El Clamor Public° states that 1,500 troops
of the government wera on their march to Oporto,
but the people of that city had a body of five times
that number to oppose them.
The Queen had appointed the Xing General-in-
Chief of the army, her son, Don Pedro, a child of
nine years old, Colonel of the Royal Guards, and
another son, eight years old, to a naval command.

Since the above was written, the Madrid mail of the
26th arrived, but brought no further intelligence of
importance. The Gareta, the only journal which ap-
peared on the 26th, contains no news. No further
intelligence had been received by government from
Portugal, nor had any private correspondence been
published.
In a postscript to his letter of Saturday, our Paris
correspondent says : " I have the best authority for
stating that the French government has resolved to
exercise all the influence it possesses to prevent any
intervention on the part of Spain in Portugal, and
even to prevent, if possible, any offensive demonstra-
tion by the concentration of troops on the Portuguese
frontier, in such a manner as might raise the hopes
of an intervention." The Journal des Debats, which
lately adopted a tone respecting the Portuguese eoup
Vial, such as raised apprehensions of the possibility
or probability of the French government countenancing
an interference in Portugal,hr.s more recently changed
altogether its tone, and now condemns in unqualified
terms, the late violent measures of the court.

Accounts from Geneva to the 26th of October bring
the result of the elections and a report of the first
session of the Council-General. All remains tranquil.

M. Fary-Pasteur was elected president ; Antoinne
Tarteret and Tcllcicx were appointed vice-presidents,
and MM. Raisin and Goy, secretaries.
Great changes are spoken of in the higher adminis-
tration at Vienna. Baron Pillersdorf is mentioned as
president of the Chamber of Finance ; Count Toatse
as chancellor; Baron Kiibech is to be made minister
of state.

"It would be an illusion (says the Deutsche Allgenteirte
Zeititreg) t• suppose that Austna remains indiff• rent to the
question of the Spanish marriage, for it must not be regarded
solely as a Spanish, but rather as an European question.
The preponderance of France can never be a matter of in-
difference to Austria. French influence is preponderant at
Rome, and is tilt more or lees throughout all Italy. Thus
not Spain only, but the Italian peninsula is under its
influence."

FRANCE.—MURDER AND SUICIDE. Another
horrible tragedy caused by disappointed love has lately
been enacted in the department of the Haute Vienne.
A young man named Lautreix, of the village of Lagrange,
became deeply enamoured of a rich neighbouring farmer's
daughter, who burned with a reciprocal flame, but the lov. r
was poor, and her parents obdurate. On Sunday last Lau-
treic sought his Marguerite in the fields, and held a long
conference with her, the nature of which is not known, but
at its conclusion he drew a loaded pistol from his pocket,
discharged it at her, and killed her. Retiring from her
bleeding form to a distance of 300 yards, he again charged
the pistol, and fired it into his own mouth; he fell for the
moment, but soon found he had not done the deed effec-
tually. He consequently raised himself. and, mutilated es
he was, went on towards the Lake of Ouelles, distant at least
a quarter of a league. Another pool of blood in the way
showed that he had fallen a second time, but once more
gained sufficient strength to reach the water, and thus put
an end to his life.—The Gazette des Tribtasauz gives an ac-
count of a murder and suicide under nearly similar circum-
stances, but in a different part of France :—" A young man
named P—, employed in the Greffier'a office at Clamecy,
lately became enamoured of a young girl in the neighbour-
hood, and asked his parents' permission to marry her. A
decided refusal was given, on the ground that the girl was
not by any means an advantageous match for him. On
Sunday last he determined to make another application to
his parents, but was again refused. He went out immedi-
ately, and informed the girl of what had occurred. She was
overwhelmed with despair, and at last exclaimed, "Yon
swore to be mine; let us die together !" He agreed to the
proposal, and they determined to carry their intention into
effect. The girl procured a bottle of spirits of turpentine,
and the young man a pistol, and thus provided they pro-
ceeded to the Canal du Nivernais. They drank the contents
of the bottle, and then tying themselves together with the
strings of the girl's apron, placed themselves on the very
edge of the canal. He then placed the pistol to his head,
and fired. The charge shattered his skull, but did not kill
him. At the moment the shot was fired, the girl jumped
into the water, dragging after her the young man. But,
when once in the water, the instinct of preservation returned,
and the girl contrived to scramble out, pulling with her her
unfortunate companion. Both then uttered cries of distress,
and some persons coming up found them in that position.
The young man expired shortly atter, but hopes are enter-
tained of saving the girl's life. The death of young P— has
caused the deepest regret at Clamecy."
PRICE OP BREAD IN PARIS.—The price of bread
in Paris for the first fortnight of November is 43 centimes,
the kilogramme equivalent to about 2 1-sth per lb. The
common household bread, which this tariff regulates, is not
equal in goodness to the bread of ordinary quality sold by the
London bakers. _ _ _

SWITZERLAND.—It appears by the Rerue de
Genire of the 28th, thattranquillity continues to reign in that
city, and that the Radicals, under the advice and example of
the president of the provisional government, are very mo(lerate
after their victory. We extract the following from the
Rtrue: " The service of the National Guard has been con-
siderably diminished. There is now only a detachment of
thirty-eight men for the duty at the gates. At the Mtel de
Vile then is only the ordinary poet of gendarmerie, and the
installation of the grand council has taken place without •
single soldier being present. The French detachment which
was at Fernex has been withdrawn, and is now at the Fort
de l'Ecluse. The most friendly relations have been esta-
blished between the troops of this detachment and our
population. Some of the French ministerial journals have
complained that letters from Geneva had been opened, and
they accuse our post-office of having done this. These com-
plaints are not new ; they were frequent under the last
government, and recently', in particular, were often renewed.
But is the fact to be attributed to the office of Geneva, e,r te
the officers of the neighbouring states ? That is the gage
tion. At this moment a severe investigation is go; ng on at
our post-office, and all persons whohavecomplain%s to make,
either for the peat or the present, are reque,ge a to address
them to the provisional director, M. Jaqurs Tiarier, who will
do everything in his power to discover she authors of such
'tie is convinced that it
is
PbeteEnnytrioolaNtedv.—."'r.he heavy rains which
infractions. Up to the present time
not at the poet-office of Geneva that the secrecy of corre-
spondence
lrAryh_as
have fallen lately have ocea%loned in Italy and in Piedmont,
the torrents have
aslatothep
rAlevP:n't in several places
lnde s
n .
all communication between France and Italy. Amonstthe
byeecorYm aeimtrous suddenlyatiro in
so un d w
bridges carried awe; was the Pont du Var, which was the
only means of intercourse between France and Sardinia. On
this point, mer.nres, however, have since been taken te esta-
blish a provisional communication. According to a letter
from Nice of the 20th ult., there had been heavy falls of rain
for several successive days which has caused the rivers to

be dem
otherhand they had had a salutary effect n
the olive trees will be so much benefitted
si
of a most abundant growth next season. '
packet, which arrived at Nice that more'
brought news that an American ',net in
out of that port, was driven by a gale from
rocks of San Pier d'Arena and totally will
creme were saved.
PORTUGAL.—Though mini.ters
that the present state of Portugal justifier
on the part of this country, some measures
deemed absolutely necessary for the protte
tercets in that country. It is understood ti
at present in the Tagus will be imniediatel
that a special coninussioner, Colonel 11?)1‘.1
Portugal without relay for the purpose of
vemment with authentic information as to
tical parties and the condition of the distui
cardioit to the Paris Winiaterial journals,
lotion in Portugal is disapproved of by a
meat ; and accounts from Madrid inform u
intervention is not to extend beyond the n
troops upon the frontier.

to

THE NETHERLANDS.—THE
28, 29.—The Second Chamber of the St
tinued the discussion of the address
Majesty's speech from the throne. Amen
posed to some articles and rejected, will
two or three, when the whole being pu
agreed to by a majority of 31 to 12.
Ocr. 30.—The law for prolonging
of provisions was voted unanimou,ly by ti
hers present.

GERMANY.—BERLIN.—The con
Diet is to discus the following proposition
duction of a general constitution in the
mission of citizens, not landed proprietor
3. Sittings of the Diet in public. 4. Free

VIENNA, Ocr. 24.—The latest ae
from Ofen, dated Oct. 22, of the health
Archduke Palatine, speak of a comidtra
better. His Imperial Highnew the A
elder brother of the Palatine, left Ofen
that circurtrtiFice was regarded 114 a prof

of the Palatine was confidently expecte(
Stephen still remains. The bulletin says
Highness had a quiet night, and is plum
failure of Messrs Ghirardello and Co.,
holders, has caused a new fall in all rai
shares on the Kaiser, Ferdinand, Nord-13
Gloggnitser, 124 ; Milan, 1061; and Pesti

SCHLESWIG, Ocr. 25.—Among tli
positions which have been submitted to tit
states of Schleswig, that of the Duke of S
Sonderburg-Augustenhurg merits attentin
follows:—"The assembly requests the E
velop the rights of the states of Schleswig
that they may have a deciding rate both I
and the use made of the taxes, as also
Second, to convoke to that end:two asseml
ing elections, to be formed into one !iogl
present to the same the project of a cuasti
u to come to an agreement with the goys.
CHRISTIAN AtOI.7aTIN, Duke of &bless

CIALICIA.—Piquets of cavalry, un
a lieutenant, and accompanied by a pries
of Galicia, with orders to shoot any pen
obey their orders. The priest was to I
sacrament, and hear their confession her
Similar piquets are said to patrol the Hut

A letter from Naumburg (I'russi
pounces that, on October 21, the del
received communication of an order from
dissolving the Council, for having refused
to the Diet, notwithstanding the rem
Superior President of the Province. Ths
mediately to proceed to a new election. '
have been dismissed ore not re-eligible fot
new Assembly should refuse to nominate
will not only withdrew their vote in the
Naumburg of municipal institutions.

THE LEVANT.—ALEXANDRIA,
Highness, the 'Viceroy, left Alexandria
1 4th for Cairo. lie enjoys most excellso
Each*, who had proceeded to Lower Ea:
tonally the damage done by the overt;
has returned to the capital. The embao
re-constructed. The maize harve=t is
of the cotton has not suffered as much r
posed. The waters of the Nile are stati
pected to fall daily. Commercial tran
very active the last ten days. The prii
from 80 to 8.5 p. ; beans, 621 to 661 p.
belonging to the government and private
38 to 40p. A. great deal has been dour
more than 20,000 ardebs have been Mw
15,000 of beans were sold at 621, and 70,
at from 42 to 464 p. Six hundred bales
at a price varying from 240 to 250 p.
ASIA.—THE CHOLERA.—Letters
to the 26th Sept. state that the cholera
the Russian quarantine on the Caspia
the districts of Saigon and Leukeran. I
the Caspian the mortality was great, i
other diseases considered forerunners of
The inhabitants of Teheran have been
to 60,000 by this dreadful scourge, and t
and their suites were still residing at Al
neighbourhood of Schemen, not daring I
JAVA.—Thy accounts from Java
Overland Mail, state that general tin
there. In the first half of this year, pi
peered in Ceram and likewise in Sambas
off some people and seized some native ti
captain of an Arab merchantmen who ha
had brought word of the destruction
vessels, by an English man-of-war corn
and bound to Borneo. The expedition
to Java, the garrison which is to remain
and the Dutch flag hoisted with much sr
tinned to be dear in Java in consrquer
the crops last year. We understand
been sent to the government proposini
duty on coffee imported into the mother

BORNEO.—According to a letter
dated the 31st of August last, the state
was more satisfactory. Subsequent to tl
fleet under Sir Thomas Cochrane at
Sultan returned to Brune, from whence
letter to her .Majesty, craving pardon fi
taining many assurances of future go(
information has been communicated to
China Association of London by Mr.
Mr. Brooke, who adds, " The Sultan
his former engagements, so that on Sir 'J
possession of Lahuan, in conformity w
forwarded to him by direction of Lord P
land mail of July last, her Majesty's 20
no obstacle whatever to render any fort'
a British settlement on that imoortant

Lieut. Waghorn's courier reached
hour on Saturday morning from Alexand
dispatches for Government and the Et
The accounts front India by this mice
than those published on Friday, which
milks by the Peninsular and Oriental
Arid, and thence transmitted by special
nary Overland Mail, via Marseilles, is e
night.
SOT:TRAM., fOltl, SUNDAT Nmirl
Ir.dia Mail, by the Pottinger, Captain CI
The dates of the Pottinger are Alexis
Malta 18th • Gibraltar 05th

The Pottinger and Cyclops ran agrc
and Portsmouth this morning, owing U
fog. A Cowes steamer conveyed the a
to Southampton.
The Pottinger will shortly be got t
The position of the Cyclops is not so far(
Turk and the Dock steam tug have left
getting the steamer off.

be Court.
WINDSOR, SCNDAY.—Yesterday
H.R.H. Prince Albert took their usual
and again walked in the afternoon.
H.R.H. Prince Albert, attentle
mour, enjoyed the sport of shonting Seel
H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucesti
Ltd. in waiting (Lady C. Murray), left
The Lord Chancellor took his d
Castle yesterday.
The Duke of Norfolk remains
Castle on Friday after the I.,irry Counci
His Grace left the Castle resterday mot
This morning her Majesty al
walked on the eastern terrace and slop(
Their Royal Hir;hnesses the I'i
the Princess !loyal ',Aka their usual ext
Her Majesty and H.R.H. Print
and gentlemen of, the court, and the
attended Divitr a Service in the Privat
and Rev. C. li.slie Courtenay officiated
Their Re,yal Highnesses the Du
M
Cambridge., and the Hereditary Oral
Duchess oil Mecklenburg-Strelitx. retur
at Kew on Saturday from honoring th
chioness of Ailesbury with a visit at th
tam-?ark, Wilts.
the Duchess of Gloucet
residence at Richmond, on Saturday
Maiesty at Windsor Castle.
VISIT OF HER MAJESTY TO A
A complete change has taken place
which were in contemplation up to T 1
departure of the Court from Windsor,
the Duke and Duchess of Norfolk. at .
Court, it is expected, will now rema
after the 9th inst., the birthday of I
Wales: on which day a grand entertaii
her Majesty, in honour of the occasio
distinguished party of guests. We mt
Duke of Norfolk left Windsor on Satur
cise day on which her Majesty and the
at Arundel Castle had not been del
stated that the Court will proceed to
few days in the course of the ensuing
not improbable that her Majesty and hi
pay their promised visit to Arundel CI
to Windsor for the winter mason,

I

.---------- --------
A Cabinet
itateilittwertas heldt on Saturda
we y /litatßthe
edgitalintlat.'lkaquis of Lansdowne, the Earl of Minto, Sir
iiiigeShtey, ue-
Vitionnt Palmation, Earl Grey, Pa Chan-
eellza of the Exchequer, Sir John Hobhouse, Lord Camp-
sell, the Earl of Chit odors, the Earl of Auckland. Viscount
seepals, the Right floe. T. R. Macaulay, tbo Marquis of
Ciserfarde and the Right Hon. H. Jabouchere. The
coutteg Kt 'three hours and a half. Atter the Council the
use of LleidOW/le !eft town air his seat, Bowood-park,
Wilts St.
Patrick Stout had an interview with Earl
re Saturday, at the Colonial-office.
grei=
hes were sent off on Saturday evening from
• .ottice, for the Governors of New South Wales,
Australia, and Van Diemen's Land. Despatches went
,tat off on Saturday evening for the Governors of the
ea Isdia Colonies.
At the Chapel Royal, St. Jamas, yesterday, the
were read by the Rev. Mr. Helmore, and the lessons
the Rev. Dr. Wesley ; the sermon wu preached by the
Dr. ?daddy; the anthem was, " Blessed are those"
Gone). Mr. Cooper presided at the organ. The Countess
Wilton, and Lords Granville, de Manley, Norreys, and
. Graham were among the nobility present.
Sig Roussr PsEl..—We understand that the
• hoe, baronet has been suffering from an attack of gout
• the last week at Drayton Manor, Staffordshire. On
y last St:. Robert was considered to be improving,
was then unable to leave his room.
gr. P. M. STEWART, M.P.—We regret to learn
letters reeeived from Cu noch House, N. 8., on Friday
'ons
th•t the above hon gentleman continues in a most
conditiou, and that but little hope is given of his
' to reCOTtry.
We understand that the Earl of Stair has got the
. Ribbon of , the most ancient Order of the Thistle,
- - of the Marquis of Ailso.—Cakdonion

A Norfolk has left town for Arundel
where every preparation has been made for
'her Dhje.ty and his Royal Highness Prince
venerable baronial seat. The Earl and
del and Surrey, who have been visiting the
he north, are expected to arrive at Arundel
\ numerous and distinguished circle has
noble Duke and Duchess, and while at
magnificent ball will be given, in compliment

)usE.—The Marquis of Salisbury
the public to go over his lordships
Monday and Tuesday last, without any
rank. It is computed that not less than
over the rooms. We have been supplied
summary of the consumption at the house
during the visit of her Majesty and the Prince Consort-3
bullocks, 8 sheep, 6 calves, 200 chickens, 50 capons, 150 par-
-100 pheasants, 50 grouse, 24 turkey 4, 80 harts, 24
rildducks, 200 rabbits, 4 bucks, 24 hams, 24 tongues, and
12 twee.. of turtle, besides the other accessories to the table
in
PIOPOrti'M

Orst tyibtren iothi,c
The. Duke of N
pee, Sweat. whey(
, reception of her 3
lbert at thst vent
minter of Arundel
ily estates in the I
adle this day. A c
n invited by the ti
the Castle
lases magnil
to the roya t
HATFIELD 1101
give permission to
rincely house on 3
stinction as to rat
,000 persons went ov
'th the follon-ing it