The Express.
London, England, 1853-04-14 00:00:00

etc era:trews.

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LONDOY, THURSDAY, APRIL 11.

AN attempt has been made to give an air of poli-
tical importance to the division on the subject of
Kilmainham Hospital. Nothing can be more absurd.
The question, be its merits what they may, was
essentially one on which men of all parties
seem to have felt themselves at liberty to vote
without regard to
.political antecedents or party
ties ; and tho division list sufficiently proves
that several known Liberals, and not a few
friends of the Ministers, voted in the majority ;
while in the list of the minority names arc to be
found with whom the present Government—flexible
and comprehensive as it is in char ecter—would
hardly choose, perhaps, to be in all respects identi-
fied. As a trial, therefore, of party strength, the
success of Mr. BUTT'S motion is in reality of
little significance, if any. As a symptom
that the old habits of blundering and ig-
norance of the actual state of feeling among
independent members of tho house, which so often
caused the humiliation of the Whig Cabinet, still
continued to prevail—the division of Tuesday night
has indeed a certain meaning. But, except as an
affair of official organisation, the matter hsrdly de-
serves political notice.
The truth appears to be that for more than twenty
years the defence of Kilmainham Hospital has been
regarded by men of all parties in Ireland as, in a cer-11
fain sense, a point of honour. The first attempt
at its suppression originated with Mr. 1.11.1 cm
in 1833. It was then resisted by Lord ANGLESEY
and Sir Ilrs:4A ViviaN, who filled at the time the
offices of Viceroy and Commander of the Forces in
Ireland. It was believed by them that the recruiting
service in that country would be leas effectually carried
on if the long-established asylum for invalid and
wounded veterans were abolished. Without questioning
the fact that feelings and associations have something
after all to do with the moral influence
exercised on the popular mind by institutions in-
tended to provide fur the aged and infirm soldier,
we may be permitted to doubt whether any recruit-
ing sergeant in Tyrone or Tipperary. had ever any
• reason to suspect that the anti-Kilmarnham project
ever lost him a candidate for the scarlet jacket. ..the
SECRETARY-AT-WAR took care to inform the house

that at no period has the recruiting service in Ire-
land been on a more satisfactory footing. The
right honourable gentleman's other arguments
were less clear and convincing. They amounted in
point of fact to little more than a reiteration of the
assertion that he meant to adhere to the course
adopted by his predecessors—Lord PANMURE and
Major BERESFORD,—the mere fact of his allusion to
whom in the same breath as authorities may suffice
to disprove the idea of the matter being one of a
party character. But what Mr.l-Lhitisma altogether
failed to notice were the arguments founded upon
the imputation that the economy sought to to
effected by the suppression of the Irish establishment
for veterans was in reality little more than a thin dis-
guise for carrying out the system of centralisation.
If ont-door pensions are more popular with the
Army and more economical for the State than in-
door provisions for the wounded soldier, that would
be a reason for annihilating Chelsea as well as Kil-
mainham—a point which was only glanced at during
the discussion by Lord SEYMOUR. We do not wish
to be understood as expressing any very strong opi-
nion as to the comparative merits of in-door and out-
door pensions, but we must confess that we doubt
the policy of raising such a question at all in the
present temper and condition of Ireland, when the
professed object is only to effect some saving upon a
sum of 7,0001. a year. The amount of net re-
trenchment is not accurately stated by any of the
speakers on the question, but it may perhaps be, in
round numbers, assumed at half the above-mentioned
sum. Surely Ministers might find better ways of
saving public money and public time than by long
discussions upon items of this kind, when other
things, infinitely more important, are passed by
as unworthy of official attention.

TILE all-important service rendered by the Metro-
politan Association for Improving the Dwellings
of the Poor has been in affording proof that
ouch establishments pay. Without this, benevolent
persons might have gone on building and letting,
and making trial of improvements; and many hull-
&c is of families would have been saved from de-
struction of health and morals. But we ahould have had
no right to anticipate, as we may now fairly do, that
PRINCE Auit.itt'a expectation would be fully justi-
fied, and that a complete change in the domestic
comforts of the Labouring Classes would ensue. The
houses are so well and fully occupied, that the Me-
tropolitan Association is no charity, but a good invest-
ment for capital. Lodging-house Keepers now
know that so well, that they are bestirring them-
selves to provide inducements to their lodgers
to stay. They are setting their houses in order, and
listening to requisitions that they would have scuffed
at ten years ago. Builders will not be the last to
recognise the facts of the case. Some of their trade
used to be abundantly quick in discerning any need
of working men's dwellings, as the rows of thin brick
cottages, run up os the wet clay near Manchester,
and in some of the iron and pottery districts still
show, and will show in their damp ruins long after
they are, as we may hope they will be, deserted.
Not lees quick, we trust, will be the most respect-
able and eminent of the crafty in taking the broad
hints afforded by these model lodging-houses.
From them it may be expected that more will
be done than merely supplying so much house-
room, with due conveniences, at so much
per week. Men of any ambition, any love
of their art, any genius, will see that a new
aspect of society is opening, as if expressly in their
favour—a new period which they may be specially
destined to illustrate. To the architect worthy of
his very high calling, there is a nobler field opening
now—as once before the builders of churches and
designers of monuments—the broad field of reality
and practical need. When cathedrals were wanted
for Romanist worship, they were glorious and beau-
tiful, as old cathedrals are now in the light of tradi-
tion; and when secular powers and dignities were
the strength and safeguard of nations, their
palaces and monuments were glorious and beautiful
too. Here we have among us now a new reality
rising up. The dignity of labour is fairly ob-
taining recognition among us; the working classes
are more aad more admitted to be a main part of the
strength of the State; and the architect who shall first
discern the full extent of this new reality, and shall
consecrate to it his beat resources, will make for him-
self a name in history which will extinguish that of all
the imitative architects of the century, be their erec-
tions what they may. Here is a want—a clearly
defined object—right in his way. In building any-
thing else on a grand scale, there is not much to be
asked about uses—about the foundation of utility on
which he may erect the adornments of his genius or
taste : but iu this great new field, he has the advan-
tage of that Fuidance and suggestion. At every step
there is a sound, substantial use or need presenting
itself, to be made the most of as a foundation for his
art; and uo former age ever offered a nobler incite-
ment or opportunity to the exercise of creative
genius.
The opportunity lies in the improved and improv-
ing condition of the working man. Multitudes ate
going away; and before they began to depart in
such numb.:rs their social position was rising. Free
trade in toad opened a new period to them ; and
now, the Inducements to emigration arc making a
still greater change. The leave-taking of sixty men
in one day in one establishment raised the wages and
enlarged the lodging room of those who remained ;
and so it is all over the country. It is true, the pro-
prietors in certain rural districts that we could name
are pulling down cottages as fast as the inmates
ko off, not choosing that those who remain should
row saucy,—tuo fond of comfort,—by being less
crowded and uneasy; and the labourer is still to
walk miles to and from his work rather than effect a

settlement beside it. But this very proceeding may
be of use—a use little dreamed of by those who
effect such clearances: it may hasten the erection of
rural lodging-hou>cs, as good in their way as the
model ones i❑ London. There is one already, on
which many eyes are fixed; a lodging-house fur un.
married labourers, set up by Mr. S. i I LIM= at
Wilton, where the iuma•cs are boarded as well as
lodged. One of the curates of the plate resides in the
house, and occasionally gives a lecture to the in.
mates, for whom a reading-room is ui-u provided.
Substantial meals are on the table at Ittuourers' hours,
and each man pays, for all this, et: l} ls. ld. per
week. It is scarcely credit•lc that tills can pay:
but if not, the inmates of other such houses can soon
afford to pay somethiug more. Even the depressed
Wiltshire labourers are now determined to have 9e,
a week wages ; and soon after they have got this,
they will again resolutely determine on having 2s. or
3s. more : and thus they M ill be able to pay for such
domestic accommodation as the London workman is
now beginning to consider a necessary of life. All
this is very good. By the great natural laws of so.
ciety, the classes about u ham all thoughtful people
have been growing snore anxious for u century past
arc raised, as we wanted to see them raised, but
could not do it till those great laws began to work
in their and our favour—raised to a position which
has hOllll.l voluntaryism about it—raised to be in
some sort masters ol• their own lives, guides of their
own lot; raised to a position of real citizenship—.
clients of the eniueer —eliemts ot• the wig,
test—clients of the author. We enjoy hearing
of this Wilton experiment; and nearing also
of the success of Mr. Ds NISON'S experiment at
Leeds, where he has thrown several old lodging.
houses into one, which he has divided lx t wren tramps
and stationary bachelors, who, for 3d. a night, Late
a comfortable abode, with warmth and light, and the

use of a reading-room.
While the tastes of the working melt arc rising,
and their habits improving, anti their com-
mand of means increasing, new streets era
being opened in London, and old ones becoming
rebuilt, and to effect this ; the ancient rmrsting-plates
of thousands of people arc being thrown down q
indifferently as last year's nests are east out from
hedge and tree. Painful and perplexing as is this
practice, it helps to make the great opportunity just
spoken of. For the moment, the crowding in the
dens that remain may be aggravatt u; but to this
there must come an end, and soon. if comfortable
abodes for the working classes be not provided in
London, there will be hamlets of labourers dwellings
along the railways, the daily fare bcii g included in
the rent, as indeed is the case already, to the vast
improvement of the health of those who thus eke
in country air. Between this method .t.lel the sound
speculation of scientific builders, and the experience of
capitalists as to the goodness of the inv, -tment of their
money in this kind of eater prise, there seems every
reason to hope that the existing generation may see
nearly the last of our disgraces in Sit treatment of
the working man, and tbat the next generation of
visitors from any of the world's great continents
may inquire for the old St. Giles's uud Drury-lane
dens, as our American cousins hiquite now for the
Alsatia where NIGEL lived awhile amidst countless
disgusts. Lord SIIAFITSBURT will t:,,t be able to
obtain a law by which working men shill be compul-
sorily re-housed when peremptorily turned out of
their lodgings : but we have a strong impression that
under laws stronger than any Parliament ever made,
a whole nation of working men and women is des.
tined to be provided with such a home AS is the simple
and unquestionable due of faithful work.

FRANCE.

PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING.

The iloniteur of to-day contains a copy of a cir-
eular letter addressed by the Minis:er of Police to
the prefects respecting political refugees. After
stating that the special laws on the subject of the
refugees had ceased to exist, he mentim s six funda-
mental rules for the guidance of the prt tech), which
order that no refugee shall be permitted to reside in
the department of the Seine, at Lyons or Marseilles,
or on the frontiers of Spain, Germany, Switzerland,
or Italy, without an express permission from the Mi-
nister of Police.

The official orgar. at the Hague makes an impor-
tant declaration in reference to the establishment of
the Roman catholic hictatehy in Holland. It states
that the Dutch government was not consulted about
the matter; and that, having declared some time
ago, in answer to a question from the Homan court,
that the fundamental law concedes to everybody the
right to profess their creed, and to organise their
internal church affairs as they think fit, the govern-
meat had not thought fit to interfere, and did not is
in the recent measure.

...
The semi-official Austrian Correspondence states
that there is no longer any occasion for anxiety se
to the Oriental question ; for all the powers are pene-
trated with the necessity of maintaining peace; that
even England has taken a very prudent attitude.
The general result of the ordinary service of the
budget of isao, as act down in the bill adopted on
Monday by the Legislative Body, is definitively fixed
as follows :
Receipts
Payments

Leaving a surplus of 65,691,834 21
Excesses of expenses of tic colonial
service

hich leaves a surplus of receipts
amounting to
But as the payments made for the
extraordinary service are fixed by
the bill at
There remains in the end a surplus
--
of expenses
Which deficit, on the budget of 1850, is to be set down
amongst the advances of the Treasury, and will provisionally
be placed to the charge of the floating debt, in execution of
the laws now in force.
A board of superintendence of the commercial
marine has just been appointed, consisting of Baron
de Bonnefoux, captain in the navy; Captain Lerner;
Count Napoleon d'Arnano; M. Briant de Loubrithr,
commander of marine artillery; and M. Mourgues,
an ex-contmissary-general.
The report that General St. Arnaud is about to re•
turn to Paris to resume his ministerial duties cannot,
however, be implicitly relied upon. According to
other accounts the Minister at War is suffering from
neuralgia owing to attending to business too soon
after his indisposition.
The demand for Rentes to-daybas beets inactive,with
a downward tendency in price. The final quotations
were—For cash : Three per Cents., 801. 40c.; Four•
and-a-Half per Cents., 103 f. For the account : Three
per Cents., 80f. 50c.; Four-and-n-Half per Cents.,
1031. 35e. Bank Shares, 2740 f. The shares of the
Bank of Credit Foncier declined Zif., closing at 911 f.;
whilst those of the Credit Mobilier advanced 21., and
were quoted at 9321. at the conclusion of business.
The market for railway securities was active, and
a tolerable amount of business was transacted.
Latest quotations by telegraph : Madrid—
Three per Cents., 43; One per Cent., 23 11-16—
lower on account of the closing of the Cortes.
Vienna—Five per Cents., 94;: ; ditto, 1851, 107 g.
Bank shares, 1420. Exchange on London, 10.49.
Berlin—Four per Cents. (new), 99; ' . Four-and-e.-
Half per Cenrts., 103 i. Bank shares, 110,"0 Rhenish
Rail • haes 91 aay .

I'ARIS, TVESDtY EVILNIIIO.
The affair of the " foreign correspondents," as it
is called, came on today before the Police Correa-
tionelle, and excited jounces° interest. The court
forbids the press to report the proceedings, or to
make any comment upon them. All but three of the
accused appeared. These three were Aubertie,
Vslliv, and A. CoeAlogon. The interrogatories were
very. long and interesting. Messrs. Barthel sari
iremattre responded to the minute examination
with great ability, and the responses of M. La Pierre
were uuiformly good and to the point, and in some
instances very brilliant, or, as the French say, tree.
spirits:elicit. They produced a marked sensation, not
only upon the spectators, but upon the court itself.
The Duke de ltovigo was very much agitated, and
his replies, if not incoherent, were at least insuffi-
cient and unsatisfivAory. M. Coalogon (brother of
Alfred, who is at Brawls) made but a poor defence.
Both he and the Duke de Itovigo are likely to
.be
convicted of exhibiting certain live franc pieces with
the effigy of Louis _Napoleon distorted in a manner to
bring his Majesty into contempt. The advocates have
not yet commenced the defence of their clients. Great
1
things are anticipated for the session of to-morrow.
It is stated to-doe that ;‘l. Gaillard, the eirAtructcr
of the infernal machine at Marseilles, at: l who, as 11

known, escaped to Malta, has left the latter place,
not feeling perfectly secure, and is on his way to
London, where he expects a favourable reception
from his brother refugees.
The publication of the Pope's encyclical letter in
the Usrers, is said to have been dictated by a deter-
mination on the pa.t of the Papal government to
coerce the Archbishop of Paris into the adoption in I
his churches of the Itoneui ritual, behaving hitherto
etrenuousiy objected to such a course, beLig a strong
partisan of the Gateman patty in the church.
The proposition of M. de.t.'luitiont-la-Foree, sup-
pwtt d by NI. Fou!d, Minister nf State, to provide a
dusty or deletion of about 130,000 francs a year for
the I..mr.ress, has been supposed up to to-day to be
semi-utticial. Hut I have just learned from a source
usually reliable that the Emperor has had no part in
the matter; but that, in fact, his Majesty sets his
face against any stew dowry whatever.
II this is true, and it is certainly. more than pro-
bable, it will do not a little to diminish the Empe-
rues unpopularity.
Marshal St. Arnaud, though not fully recovered,
intends returning to Paris on Saturday next, to re-
sume his ministerial duties.
"the affair of the infernal machine is to come off
next week, or very soon, at Marseilles.
'the Emperor hue complained much lately of the
slownt,ss of all ',tweedier in the corps Legislatif ;
and yesterday M. littlault, the President, echoed the
coml.)) tint, and urg..d the members serving on com-
mittees to be inure diligent.

SPAIN.

BY KIEL-Title TELEGRAPH.
MADRID, APnn. P 2.

The Queen has accepted the resignation of the
cabinet. Chili:rut Ler,undi has been charged with
the duty of forming a new cabinet.
Thc Cortea hits re-umed its session.
Oa the tith the Three per Cents. were nt 42 13-16.
RESIGNATION OF THE SPANISH MINISTRY.
We hare Madrid letters of the ith, which supply
the light necessarT fur understanding yesterday
telegraphic despat announcing the suspension of
the newly-elected Cortes,. 'Phut grave measure, ordi-
narily the forerunner of a dissolution, was resolved
on by the government in consequence of the intense
anti-minitterial feeling manifested in the Senate, as
well as in the Congress, on the two previous days.
The members constituting the opposition in both
houses appear to have acted in concert, and had evi-
dently resolved to seize any occasion which might
otter to attack the flagrant unconstitutionality of the
mini• tent and their predecessors.
On Saturday, as the telegraph announces, the
ministos tendered their resignations to the Queen.