The Express.
London, England, 1847-09-21 00:00:00

skown in the return to parliament of . such true radical
yeomen, u W. J. Foz, Colonel Tbompeon, George
Thompson, and others, speedily become ea universal
tr it is sure to become efficient for good. " By
XL J. Humphreys Parry ; seconded by Mr. P. A.
Taylor, Jon., "Our invited gust, W. J. Fox, M.P. for Old.
kam, but one of the true representatives of the social and po-
litical progress of Great Bntaln—a man who fur nearly half
a century has devoted head and heart to the general en.
lightenment of the people upon every subject connected with
their true intereste especially on all those relating to the
welfare of the working doses—one whose eloquence is the
cause of national rights has only been surpassed by his own
lucid reasoning co behalf of universal freedom, knowledge,
and happiness—may health Miss and sumer& crown his par-
liamentary career."—By Dr. Epps ; seconded by Mr. T.
Cooper " May the radical members of the new parliament
prove themselus the people's true representatives by main-
taining an independent position in the midst of party and
faction—au honest band, zealously labouring. to free their
country from the grasp of monopoly and privilege, it.tro-
ducirg and supporting such measures as shall tend to the
elevation of the million., and, whether supported by few or
many, proving themselves true to the principles they hold, by
which wise sad prudent conduct they will again call forth the
hopes and energies of all emus of reformers in a demand
for right and justice that shall speedily pn.ve inevitable."—
Mr. W. J. has, in acknowledging the sentiment with which
his name was coupled, addressed the meeting at some length
and dwelt on the tact that his present position was one which
was the reward of past services, and under the responsibili-
ties of which be should sink, but that he was sustained by
the reflection that his extrtions would be continued. The

late election had been essentially one of popular progress,
and not nno of party. It would be the characteristic of the
new parliament that there were fewer men in it sent thither
by the influence of old prestige," but more of those
who were sent there by the MASS of the people, who were
deterramed that their voice should be there tand would

show thorn that they alone were the source of legitimate
power. It was they alone who had made England what she
was that should govern her—the millions and not the few,
He rejoiced in tt.e destruction of parties, which were only
the politica players who err d to make the people their tools
while they lost or won the stakes of office. Ile hoped the
people might yet win more triumphs like those they had
won, and of which he waran instance. It was evident th►t
the people were making great progress is the government of
the country, and they would yet make more, and they e odd
gain fur themselves a position which would enable them to
struggle with the sinuusities of party. They should struggle
for these jadvantages by the means which had already been
successful—even through such a tortuous and dirty vehicle
as the Registration Court. Encouraged as they were by
these successes, let their words still be onwards—onwards
toward universal suffrage—onwards in the cause of educa-
tion—in the cause of humanity—onwards with whatever
tended to To fine the mind, and promoted the abundance of the
land, and all those principles which tended to free•trade and
the equality of intellect, until the peoples work was done
by the men of the people." The hon. gentleman concluded a
most eloquent address amidst great applause.
StIAKOPEARE'S HOUSE.—By the purchase of this
house for the amount of 3.0001., the united committees of
Stratford aid London hare exceeded the sum already in
band by about 2,0001. ; but se completely have they repre-
sented the national feeling by the zeal they have shown in
preserving the birth-place of Shakspeare for the country of
his glories, that there is no doubt the public will come for-
ward a-d supply the deficiency. Many persons have held
back their subscriptions on the supposition that a large
sum raised before the completion of the purchase would
increase the expectation of the owners, and render the pro-
perty more difficult to obtain; but, now the amount is
actuslly known, that objection is removed. Perhaps the
theatrical managers of the United Kingdom may take the
opportunity of testifying their respect to Shakspeares
memory, and assisting those by whose spirit and energy one
of the most interesting monuments in the country has been

•
preserved.
THE GOVERNMENT SCHEME OF EDUCATION.—The
following I«tier has been addressed, by the Lord Bishop of
Bath and Wells, to the Lord President of the Council :
Bhttifield, ,tag. 9.—My Lord,—A communication from Gobriel
Poole, Eaq., of Bridgwater, in my diocese, has been laid before me,
from which it appears that the promoters of a church school at En-
more, near Bridgwater, have been required to ln'ert in the trust deed
of their school our out of certain clause. oubmitted to them by the
Committee of Council on Education, and upon their objecting to the
elitism, a pros lea to the same purport and amount on the clauses
themselves, as a coed [ion of receiving aid at the hands of her Ma-
jesty's government; and that the promoters of the .chool have rig-
silted in a letter to the aemetary of the Ocenmittee of Council on Edu-
cation, bearing dale July 19, I a 17, that if this cenditoon be Instated
upon, they shall feel it to be their duty to decline to melee any IL,-
PiALIIICE front the Committee of Privy Clouricil.• I will not enter into
the many grove quedions involved in the cored !elation of these
dooms. It may be sulteient to soy, that se their open dam, in many
most essential particular. connected with the management of church
schools, can scarcely Mil to neutralise, or even eatinguirb, the autho-
rity of the clergyman, I should regain' the adoption of any one of
them by the promoters of church schools with the very greatest
regret. But the point to which I am more especially bound to
call your lordships attention ia this—that to insist upon the adoption
of any one of dine damsel as a condition of recetmg aid is to abandon
the pledge peon by her Majesty's government, whereby the sole
ea:indium towered by her Majesty o government. and meented to in
behalf of the church, is the right of inspection. lam quite aware that
it may be replied that her Majesty's government have beta in com-
munimtirm with the National Society on the subject, and that theeom-
mow of that society have " engaged to employ their influence in
recommending the clauses in question to applicants for
aid." From what I have slated above, it will be plain that
I could by no means concur in any such recommendation. I should,
indeed, be very glad to see the entrapment reconsidered with a view
to its being annulled by the Nnti nal Society, who base already, in
their cotamsnication to her Mojesty's government, " ceproned their
desire that the promoters of education throughout the country should
have the same liberty of choice, as to the constitution of their schools,
which has hitherto been conceded to them both by. the National
Pociety and the Committee of Council on Education. I would not
be male rat oil as implying that the promotera of church schools, when
in the position of applicants for aid to her 91ajesey's government,
' may not most reasooably and most properly be required to submit
the trout deeds of their schools to the inspection of the Committee
of Council on Eduration, with the simple view of ascertaining,
for the mtudaeti.n of the committee and the public, that
the tru•to are legally constituted; but anything beyond this—any-
thing approaching to a dictation of the ep eine terms of a trout, or of
the persons in whom it is to beetposed, or of the manner and time.
and condition of their election, oold, In my judgment, be most
carefully and ocrupulowely avoided. I trust, therefore, that upon re-
consideration, her Majesty's government will be prepared to leave
the promoters of church echoed, in this diocese wholly unfettered
by the imposition of any new condition, and to contort theta-
selves exclusively to that on which the church has very generally
and cheerfully acquiesced. I beg to add that I propose to forward a
copy of this letter to the committee of the National Society. I am,
&a., R. BATS ova WELLS.
• Since the date of the communication referred to this condition
.

has ia.:Vi'le;ist;i:pon on the part of her Majesty's government, and
fa eensequeme the promoters of the Enmore School hare declined to
receive any assistance from the Committee of Privy Council on
Education.
TILE HAWKERS' TA X.—Sir,—ln your notice a few
days ago of several unwise and inconvenient direct taxes, I
was sorry that you omitted one which in addition is unequal
and oppressive ; I mean the tax on hawkers and pedlers.
This tax is so unjust a one that it is mach to be wondered at
that it should have continued so long on our statute-books ;
but it affects one of the lowest and therefore most helpless
classes of the community, and there has been no one to raise
a voice for them. This tax, as is well known, was first im-
posed in the year 178,5 by Mr. Pitt, as a compensation to the
shopkeepers for the tax on retail shops, then first laid on ;
but his first intention had been to suppress hawkers and
pedlars altogether, a most arbitrary measure, which he was
Induced, as he said, " by some of the arguments that had
been used in the house," to change for one lees openly so,
viz , a duty on their licenses so heavy that it must in many
instances have the effect of the more direct prohibition. The
next year the shop tax was almost entirely taken off, but the
unfortunate hawkers met with no corresponding relief,
though Mr. Windham spoke with force on the injustice of
their case. The tax is 41. a year for the license of a foot'
pedlar, 81. for one using a horse, ms, or mule ; the person
applying must produce a certificate of good character from a
clergyman, and the penalty for trading without one
is 4111., to be levied by distress on his goods,
the offender meanwhile to be committed to the House
of Correction. Now, when it is considered how little the
oeuteas of a pedler's basket is often worth, this tax of 41.
a year appears out of all proportion ; but a still worse qua-
lity of the tax is its extreme uncertainty. I do not believe it
is paid by one in ten. A poor man or woman (for it is a
very commencecupation for women) is perhaps incapacitated
by weak health or some accident from regular labour, buys a
few books, threads, and handkerchiefs, and carries them to
sell in the remote nooks and corners of the country. To pay
four pounds for the privilege to do this is quite beyond his
means. By economy and good lack he gradually increases
the contents of his basket or pack . • but, still unable to pay
the heavy price of a license, which would eat up so large a
portion of his profits, he hopes, as he has hitherto escaped
the eye of the law, that he may still have the name good
luck. He goes on, till some chance, er the malice of a rival
trader, draws the attention of the police on him—his stock is
seined, and he is ruined, and left with a feeling of hatred
against oppressive laws, and of exasperation against the exe-
cutors of them, which now makes him easily yield to any
temptation to break the lawn more seriously. I hope, air, you
will call public attention to an oppressive and unequal impost,
which seems only to need it in order to be abolished.—H.H.D.
RECOVERY OF 1,000/. WORTH OF BANKRUPT PRO-
PERTY —We have received a letter from Mr. Columbine, in
which he gives a general denial to some of the statements in a
paragraph with the above heading, which we yesterday copied
from the Sunday papers.
In June tact ;he states) the Court of Chancery granted an Injunc-
tion, restreining the salt of any portion of the property, and the
mart of Boulogne, where part of it was claimed, has decided against
the right of the assignees. Besides this, all the proceedings under the
Bat are disputed, and a petition is now pending before the court 1.0,1
the Purpose of Annulling it, sod which will probably come on in No-
vember nest. So far, therefore, from there being any foundation for
the article in riuntion, the creditor under my estate cannot be
interested therein till the flat has bent declared good, aad the settle-
robot bed, by the Court of Chancery and Court of Review respectively,
which alone have jurisdiction mine case.—D. E. Cone Mains.
INQUESTS, YESTERDAY.—MYSTERIOUS DEATH.—
Before Mr. W. Baker, jun., deputy coroner, at the Green
Man public-house, High-street, Poplar, respecting the death
of Elise Raymeht, a married woman, who was found
drowned in the River Thames, with her throat cut.--R.
Fowler stated that, on Friday afternoon last, he was rowing
• boat down the river, when, on arriving opposite Mean.
Ferguson and Co.'s mast-house, Millwall, he saw the body
of the &craw d floating near the shore. He drew it into his
boat, and conveyed it to the dead-house in Poplar. The hod;
was very much decomposed, and had evidentl been in the
water some clays. There were several large bruises found
upon the leper, and the body appeared to have been ill-used.
The throat was cut in several places.—E. Rayment stated
thst he was the son of the deceased, who was the wife of a
Yetired auctioneer, residing at No. 77, High-street, Horton
Old Town. On Saturday evening, the 4th of Sept. last, the
deceased was attacked with a fit, and remained insensible
for three hours. On the following morning she left the
hou..se , and was laver seen alive afterwards. The deceased
and her hustland lived together very comfortably,
and sehlom craarrelled.—The inquiry was adjourned for
a week, for the purpose of affording the police an
wePortunity of procuring farther evidence, FATAL

the gentlemen of the committee would soon be home from
this country to pay my husband."—The plaintiff having
proved the serving of the summons at the how* of Mr.
Grogan, Harcourt-street, on Monday, his lordship made an
order for 61. 10s., the amount claimed.
Coach ACCIDENT.--On Tuesday en accident, which
might have been attended with serious consequences, ace
curred about a mile and a half from Comber, by the over-
turning of the Killikagh, Comber, and Belfast day-coach.—
The coach was very heavily laden, carrying a more than
usually large number of pateengers, with much weighty lug-
gage. When the coach arrived at the hill, opposite Mr.
Adeir's, the near wheeler became restive, whereupon the
guari got down, and ran with the horse, in order to
" steady" him. In this effort the guard failed • and, so the
coach approached the foot of the hill, it rocked repeatedly
front one side to the other ; at length it overturned, pitching
passengers, luggage, &c., on the side of the road. Several
persons were injured—though none of them seriously. The
Rev. Mr. Galt had hia shoulder dislocated, and his tight less
severely torn. The rev. gentleman was with difficulty
extricated from under the coach. Another gentleman, Mr.
Brakey, received a severe shock, but was enabled to pro-
ceed to Belfast. Mr. Moore, of Tullymanows, near Kilhleagh,
received a vt ry severe wound on the leg. A girl had her
head much injured, and her wrist badly sprained.—A of tAern
Whig,
FATAL IyCIDENT AT A LAVNCH.—An accident, attended
with loss o life, occurred at the launch of a brig in Belfast.
The launch took place on Wednesday last in Itltehic's dock.
Long before the hour appointed for the launch the shipyard
and its vicinity were thronged by some thousands of epecta-
tors. All the preliminaries having been arranged, the word
was given to knock away the " daggers," and the new
vessel glided slowly and gracefully down the ways—
ettrattett the wind, ogignet the tide,
Steadied with upright keeL
The Line is registered 227 toes, but will carry about VO
tons. Immediately after the launch a frightful accitient,
which has resulted in fatal consequences, occurred from the
manner in which one of the pieces of ordnance used in cele•
beating the event of the day was discharged, and partly from
a want of caution on the pert of the ill.fated young woman
who was the sufferer on the occasion. Among the cannon fired
was along brass four-pounder, landed from a revenue cruiser
undergoing repairs in the basin of the smaller graving dock,
and stationed about midway between the dock and the ship-
yard gate. At the instant when this piece was being dis-
charged for the last time, and when much confusion pre-
vailed, if, consequence of the noise of the tiring, a
young female, named Eliza M'Call, residing at No.
5, Earlatreet, and about seventeen yearn of age, paused
within a yard or two of the muzzle of the gun, and re-
' ceived the entire contents in the side and abdomen.
On examination it was found that the whole left side of the
lower part of the abdomen, the outside of the hip, and the
upper part of the thigh had been carried away by the force
of the explosion, and the entire surface of the wound fearfully
lacerated and blackened by the powder. Every care and
attention was fetid to the unhappy sufferer; but she never
rallied, and died in the course of the evening.—An inquest
was held in the old Poor-house on the hotly of the poor girl.
The facts elicited from the witnessrs who were examined
were the same es those previously stated, when a verdict of
"Accidental death" was recorded. _

..... .....
STATE OF THE COVNTHY.—The atonal of Mr. T. M. Us.
borne, Limerick, a member of the family of Usborne, corn
merchants, of London, fell to the ground on Thursday last,
all but the upper loft. The stores were laden with corn.—
Oa Thursday last, in the day tame, a man named Michael
Connell, residing at Newcastle, near Limerick, was shot dead
while engaged in his own " haggard," securing a bay rick.
There is no cause assigned for this deadly outrage. The
whole of the property of the unhappy man, together
with that of his neighbours, was under seizure for rent.—
An attempt was made to shoot a mats named Kelly also near
Limerick on the same night. Ills life was saved by the
clumsiness of the party who charged the pistol, which the
intended assassin fired off close to his person. The charge
was not " rammed home." In Tralee a number of persons,
marching with a black flag at their head, forced their way
into the workhouse, a few days since, while the guardians
were sitting, and seized and carried away the paupers'
dinner which was cooking at the time.

SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH, SRPT. tB.
Yesterday, the meeting formerly announced re-
garding fictitious votes in Peeblessbire, was held in the
county town, Mr. Grieve, of Noble-hall, in the chair.
The first and second resolutions generally condemned
the system of faggot voting—the third was as
follows :

That it is the duty and interest of tho electors of this county, as
shoo( the other Scottish constitucncics—mere particularly ouch of
then, as have suffered directly from the prevalence of the nominal and
fictitious vote system—to afford every sodotance to Mr. Cahoon Car-
michael in the prosecution of the proceedings which (it lo understood)
he intends to ifpuitute in parliament with the view of having hinmel
seated for Iteeblevahlre as the pate wan obtained at the poll the
suffrages of a majority of the actual and bona fide electors of that
county.
In accordance with this view, • committee was
appointed to assist Mr. Carmichael, that gentleman
having previously declared to the meeting his entire
confidence of being declared member by the commit-
tee of the House of Commons.
The parish schoolmasters are assuming an unhappy
attitude in reference to the privy council minutes.
Here is the last resolution adopted during the pre
sent sittings :
That it is with sincere revert the meeting find the scheme to be each
on to preclude the parish schools from its benefits. 110 known that
the whew mu originally framed with no intention to embrace the
parish scheids ; and now that it is proposed to comprehend these
I under lie operation, it is only on conditions which are either in their
nature imprac.icable or which have a tendency to lower the character
of the Scottish School Establishment. Under these circumstances the
parish schoolmaster, have so alternative but to appeal to the public
and the legislature, In the Ann hope that those who are friendly to
the parochial institutions of Scotland will
.not Mend tamely by and
...Unmet their deny—will not pal wally submit to seethe national (ands
upended in mectreg and endowing schools of a decidedly sectarian
character, whereby the outinuance or extension of our national et s-
tern will be rendered difficult if not impracticable—but thus exertions
will he made to do justice to the parochial schoolmasters of Scotland,
to maintain the sthoole In their efficiency, to increue their umfulnem
and so to extend the Institution as to afford the bleseing of education
to all.

Considering the conciliatory spirit shown by the
Education Committee, and their desire so often ex-
pressed to do justice to all parties, it is extremely
uncharitable to assert that the exclusion of the parish
schoolmasters was originally contemplated, and the
proof of this rash assertion would be difficult. And
as to the other passage, marked in italics, it is posi-
tively ludicrous. No man can be the teacher of a
parish school unless he belong to the established
church ; the examination, admission, supetintend-
ence, and dismiasioa of teachers, is entirely vested in
the judicatories of that body, and, therefore, for the
teachers of parish schools to sneer at " decided sec-
tarianism," is about as felicitous as if America taxed
Ireland with repudiation. No doubt the minutes
lean to sectarianism too much, but as the parish
schoolmasters wish sectarianism sectarisnised, their
amendment makes matters worse. In detail the parish
schoolmasters furnish many instances of intelligence
and liberality, but, en masse, the corporation spirit
fearfully dims perception amongst them.
A new martyr-mania is springing up in the shape
of sympathy shown to people refusing to take oaths.
The third case in this quarter, within a few months,
occurred in Leith last week, and as the party was,
as usual, sentenced to a month's imprisonment, a
meeting was last night convened to commiserate his
fate. All the offenders have been young men, of
the debating society age, and glib in casuistry.
A serious outbreak took place among the colliers at
Beith, on Thursday. As formerly noticed, a collier
strike has for some time existed in that quarter, and
the masters, despairing of the old hands returning to
their work, had employed new ones, and this arousing
the jealousy of the former led to the outbreak. Two
troops of yeomanry cavalry were called out, and
repressed the disorder, no fatal consequences having
followed. The new hands are not to recommence till
Monday, when a force will be prepared to protect them.
Jenny Lind has created a furore as great among
the sober folk of Edinburgh and Glasgow as she has
caused among the less phlegmatic lieges of the south.
The critics seem to have run especially wild. One
rabid rhapsodist attributes to her voice the wonderful
faculty of harmony, or that of producing two or more
sounds at once. Thus he raves :
No silver bell ever gowned a sweeter intonation; and the style in
which it la modulate 1. the pure gush of varied harmonies it an and
does produce,. are rumuric—neither more ner ken Nightingale'
choir of nightingales might approach the homey and the Wiliam, if
anything save " the human voice divine" could accomptish the mae
Ugly modulations of her ornaments.
If another reporter's phraseology could be relied
on, Jenny Lind's audience at Glasgow expressed their
delight amongst themselves in a manneronly indulged
in by persons in the last extremity of affectionate
rapture. " The City Hall," he says :
was crowded daring the eveningby an audience embracing many
of the mAtltly and gentry of the nagAbouritood, in a4Adaton to mons.
of the mart respectable citizens."
Such is the power of song over the musical " critics "
of the north !

Bisnornic OP BRECIIIN.—On Wednesday loot the pres-
bytery of the diocese aisembled for the purpose of electing a
successor to the late Bishop Moir, and their choice fell upon
the Rev. Alexander Penrose Forbes, M.A. incumbent of St.
Saviour's, Leeds, second son of the Hon. Lord Medwyn, one
of the Judges of the Court of Session.
SIGNS OP THR TIMES.—On Sabbath last the magistrates
of Arbroath dispensed with the parade of red coats and hal-
berts in going to and returning from church. They not
only changed their modes of procession, but they also changed
their church. They are, it is reported, "to overleap the
narrow barriers of sectarianism," end visit every church in
town.—Montrots Review.
PRINCE Anarat's VISIT TO INTIIHNISS.—II having be-
come known in Inverness and the surrounding country that
Prince Albert would pay a visit to Inverness on Thursday
last, every preparation was made to give him a truly High-
land welcome. Notwithstanding that the early part of the
day was very showery, crowds of people dressed in their
Sunday attire flocked into the town from the neighbour-
hood, and not a few from considerable distances in the ad-
joining counties of Ross, Nairn, Moray, Sutherland, and
even Caithness. At three o'clock the provost, magistrates,

tion were numerous and authoritative, and although
his zeal, as a dissenter and as a Scotsman, sometimes
outruns discretion and even good breeding, we always
recognise in what he writes the ardent inquirer after
truth, and the honest exponent of the results of careful
investigations.
The government of New South Wales, at present,
extends over the whole of the south-eastern portion
of the island continent of New Holland ; and, follow-
ing divisions marked out by nature and the course of
colonisation, is partitioned by the inhabitants into
three districts—New South Wales proper, or the
middle district, the capital of which is Sydney, tho
seat also of the general government; Port Phillip, or
the southern district, the capital of which is Mel-
bourne ; and Moreton Bay, or the northern district,
the principal town in which is Brisbane. Tho
limit of the Port l'hillip district on the western
side is the meridian of 141 deg. east longitude;
which senseless and imaginary line divides it front
the adjoining colony of South Australia. The Mur-
ray river forms its natural boundary on that side,
and must undoubtedly become its legal one also.
The northern boundary is not yet definitively fixed;
while Cape Howe, the south-eastern extremity of
New Holland, in latitude 37i deg. south, is the
eastern limit. Then commences New South \Vales

proper, which extends to the parallel of 30 deg.
south; and then the Moreton Bay district, extending
along the coast line to such northern point u may
hereafter be fixed. The volumes before us, adverting
only incidentally to the Sydney and middle district,
are devoted to the history and capabilities of the two
districts lying one to the north and the other to the
south of it.

Dr. Lang's first desire is, that these immense dis-
tricts should have appropriate names, and he sug-
gests, with great propriety, that the name of the
southern should be Phillipsland, while the other
should perpetuate the name of its first discoverer, the
great circumnavigator, as Cooksland. Port Philip, ho
argues, should still be retained as the name of the
magnificent inlet to which it was originally applied,
though it can only lead to ambiguity and confusion if
used as the designation of the entire province, for
which Phillipsland would be more appropriate, con-
ferring a double honour on Capt. Philip, a highly-
meritorious officer of the royal navy, who was tho
founder and first governor of the colony of New South
Wei, and to whose self-devotion it was owing that
the infant settlement was not abandoned in its very
earliest trial. Dr. Lang has, indeed, to enter many a
protest against the nomenclature which government
officials have chosen to adopt throughout tho
colony, in the attempt to itnmortalise ignoble
names—Hopkinscs, and so forth—by appending
them to the most noble naturalfeatures of the country.
A study of the colonial map will reveal " comparisons,
look you," that would have delighted the choleric
Fluellen. We have a considerable range of moun-
tains dubbed the Mount Macedon range, "so called
by Sir Thomas Mitchell because Philip was King of
Macedon," and Captain Phillip, we know, was
governor of New South Wales : " all one reckon-
ings, save the phrase is a little variations," would
have retorted Shakspeare's Welshman. Next we
get a River Campaspe, flowing from this range ; and
all this to the too general exclusion of the native
names, which are wonderfully sweet and liquid, as
well as exceedingly significant.
Phillipsland was principally settled, in the first in-
stance, so lately as 1835-6, by emigrants from Van
Diemen's Land, attracted by reports of the fertile
pasturages to be found there, and impelled by the
increase of stock, and the consequent inadequate
extent of land in their own island. How the colony
has prospered is best shown by the fact that in De-
cember, 1843, the surplus revenue over and above the
whole amount of government expenditure to that date
was 20,0001. And yet the years 1811-2-3 had been
a period of wide-spread calamity, producing a sudden
and unprecedented depreciation of property, and in-
volving hundreds in ruin. Moreover, Phillipsland
had been grossly defrauded by the diversion of the
amount realised by land sales within that district to
the purpose of emigration to New South Wales gene-
rally. But few immigrant labourers being thus in-
troduced into the province wages rose to a ruinous
height. Employers were beggared, whilst, according
to evidence before a select committee of the legis-
lative council, " every day throughout the sheep-
shearing season the shepherds would have several
bottles of champagne; and rum they would have in by
bucketsful, and deal it out." By the perverse blindness
of the colonial government town allotments were run up
to the exorbitant figure of 4431. each, and in the height
of the land fever a single acre of building ground in
the town of Melbourne realised 10,000/. Just at this
time a stream of emigration set in in full force from the
mother country; land rose, stock rose, provisions rose,
wages rose; and, to add to the mischief, the colonial
banks gave indiscriminate and unlimited credit, and
all was a wild day-dream of El Darado. Then came
the usual reaction, and to deepen the reverse, the
immense profits expected from the rearing of stock
had thrown mere agriculture into the elia&; no
attention had been paid to tillage in Phillipsland, and
the crops had failed in New South Wales. In the
years 1839-40-41, the amount of insolvency
was equal to 10!. per head for every man, woman,
and child, in the colony. Many returned home dis-
gusted with their Australian experience, and their
reports gave a check to further emigration, which is
but now being removed. Those who by better ma-
nagement or greater perseverance, or perhaps from
sheer want of means to shift their quarters, endured
the storm, and finally weathered it, are now, even the
poorest of them, rising fast into present competence
and eventual opulence. The following personal
sketch is an instructive example:
Mr. John M•Millan is a native of skipnets, and his wife of Tarbet,
in the Western Highlands of ficothout. leaving an increasing tastily.
and no means of providing for their subsistence in either of this
localities, be had cruised over to the lowlands, and become, like many
other IlighLanders in the large towns of Scotland, a porter on the
streets of my native town of Greenock. In this precarious sit-nolo*
he had been for Rix years, supporting Lits foully with great difficulty,
when be obtained a free peewee by the David Luke, one of the
government bounty emigrant ships, for himself and faintly to Purt
Phillip, In the year 1540. On his arrival in Melbourne he had may
from awe to ten shillings in the world, and this snuff sum be hal
earned by some petty service rendered on Ward ship t.' one of the
cabin paneengers; but he bad nine eons and a daughter, of whom the
eldest was about twenty years of age and the youngest in infancy. I About
was high priced at the time, as everything else was, and tieing no
mechanical
reek. '4'7'7; rishired sour whihrwelfreasfist atone-meson
any
kind
were also hired at different rates of wages to different enamoyers.
The earnings of the family appear to have been all placed in a common
purse, and with their nut savings a match cow was purchased at
127, another and another being added enceetaively tbereafter at
• somewhat Riniilar rate. Pasture for thew rattle, on the waste land
quite close to the town, cost nothing. and there were alums children
enough, otherwise unemployed, to trod them; whit* the seem and
industricau wife and mother lent her valuable services to the CIONIMMI
stock by forming a dairy. In this way, from the natural inerrere of
the cattle, and from successive purchases, the herd bad Increasul so
amazingly that In the month of February, 1846 it amoui.ted to $OO
held; and as this wu much too large a herd to be vaned any longer
on the waste land near Melbourne, • squatting station Iliad been
sought for and obtained by some of the young men on the Mao ay
river, about 200 miles distant. For such • station the tempur. ry
occupant his merely to pay 10/. a year to the government, which
insures him sn exclusive right of pasturage, fur the time being, over
perhaps from ad to 100 square miles of land. _

M'Millan afterwards bought a small farm, of 121
acres, within six miles of Melbourne, at the rate of 71.
an acre.

The land is light and sandy ; but being well situated to nisi, it
throws up:an exoellent crop of wheat,under good minagement—tm ro.
duce realised by Mr. M•Millan having averaged from 30 to 48 Ismliels
an acre. He had rented the farm next to hie own during thin 3,, sr
1845; and at the period of ray visit be had a math of 60 tons et cutest
buy to dispose of In Melbourne : and be considered hlmmif worth
altogether 1,100/.. which I had reason tx believe was a very low eel_
mate of the value of his property.

The reader is made to accompany Dr. Lang on
various routes through the interior of the province,
which comprises 130,0110 square miles, an area con-
siderably larger than that of Great Britain and Ire-
land, arid thus becomes acquainted with the aspect of
its different localities. In one of these journeys we
are introduced to Mr. Henry O'Brien, " one of the
patriarchs of Australia, the father of squatting, and
also of boiling down, two most prominent depart-
ments in the rural economy of that country." The
rationale of this latter process is hardly known at
home ; and the detail suggests a regret that for went
of labour there should be immense tracts of fertile
land subject to the British crown that yield a pro-
fitable return only by this wasteful and barbarous
system.
Like everybody else,
stock, Mr. crßvlert felt?