The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-05 00:00:00

Si lIPPINGT

MAILS ARRIYETL-5 Dublin; 3: Waterford ; 2 Do-
naghadee ; I Guernsey and Jersey ; 2 French ; 1 Flanders ; I
Holland.
Losasost, Oct. s.—Wind this day at noon, W., light
breeze, and cloudy.
PORTSMOUTH, Oct. 3, N.N.W.-4. S.S.E.—Arrived, 3rd,
Maria Soames (transport), Cape of Good Hope. Sailed, 3rd,
Earl Harty ick, Calcutta. OR port, 4th, Northumberland, New
York ; ea; led 12th ult. The Northumberland at this port, from
New York, expel:eneed a tremendous hurricane, from S.E. to
W.N.W. on the 19th ult., and passed several vessels with
lass of sails and spars, on the threw following days. The
skip Emerald, of St. John's N. 8., timber laden and aban-
doned, with foremast, bowsprit, and mainmast gone, and
full of water, was fallen in with on the 251 h 'lit., in lat 46,
long. 33.
CLYDE, Oct. 3.—N.W.—Arrived: 2nd, Catherine, New
Orleans; Scotland, Dalhousie. 3rd, Hudson, New York.—
Sailed : 2nd, L. Carey, St. John's N.B. 3rd, Gibraltar,
New Orleans.
Coax, Oct. 2.—W.—Arrived, let : St. Fellan, St. Do-
mingo ; Princess Helen, Shields, for Montreal, bore up from
lat. 47, long. 38, with loss of ir izenmast and bulwarks. 2nd:
Swat, fur Montreal, put back from lat 49, long. 36, with
lo s of bowsprit, bulwarks, and stern started, having been
et uck by a sea on the 20th ult. OR port : Renner, I'urto
Rico. Ihe Dletoka, from Liverpool to New York has put
back from lat. 47, long. 28, with loss of bowsprit, foremost,
hav;nq been struck by a sea; must discharge.
Ditotittr.ua, Oct. 3.—Al..ived : Sarah, St. John, N. B.;
Tom Coulthard, Quebec.
FALMOUTH, Oct. 2.—Charlotte, Rio Janeiro, for Bremen.
BRIXHAM, Oct. 2.—Grecian Queen, Rio Janeiro, for
London.
Sotrxwotn, Oct. L—Magdaline, Portwallis, for New-
castle.
FOLKESTONE, Sept. Vl—Arrived Margaret, of and for
Plymouth, leaky; and not the Verona, as reported.
I)EkL, Oct. 3.—N. to N.W. ; 4th, S.E. fresh.—Ariyed,
3d : Norma, St. Domingo, and sailed for Hamburg; 4th : J.
Dalton, Bombay ; Magdaline, and Flora, both from Mou-
tons:as, and sailed for Bremen ; Fame, New Bedford, and
sailed for Rotterdam ; Reward, Quebec, and sailed for Hull ;
Vesta, St. Croix. Sailed, 3rd; Therese, Port-au-Prince;
Queenly, West Indies; Johanna Carson, Cape of Good
Hope ; Lady Auckland, Ceylon ; Henry Sorensen, Africa;
Hercules, St. Thomas, Partnian, St. Croix ; Louisa, Cape of
Good Hope; Augusta, Bahia; Florentia ; Ligonia, New
York.
SHIELIH, Oct. 3.—W.N.W. to N.W.—Arrived: Inde-
pendent, Quebec. Sailed, 2, Verona, Boston.
Rye, Oct. fresh, a.m. 3.—Sheppard, Quebec.
SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 3.—Tagus (s.), Constantinople.
BRIDPOIIT, Oct. 4.—5. E., fresh. Arrived : Hannah,
Quebec.
PLYMOUTH, Oct. 4.—5. E., strong.—Arrived : H.M.S,
Athol, Cape Good Hope.
FALMOUTH, Oct. 3 —N. fresh ; 4. S.S.E. Leah and acjaully.
—Arrived : Amiens, Honduras, with loss of sails, staunchions,
lly-boat, &c., haling experience a hurricane, Sept, 21, in
lit. 47 N., long. 30 W.
BRISTOL., Oct. 3.—Arrived: Stedfast, Antigua; John
Jardine, Quebec. Sailed, 4 : Cosmo, New York; Dolphine,
Newfoundland.
Neweoar (Monmouth), Oct. 1. Arrived: Joseph,
Quebec.
Jr:nary, Oct. 2.—Arrived : Harriet, Labridor,
SWANSEA, Oct. 2.--Arrived : Appleton, Cuba.

Orr. 4.-Arrived Catherine, from Porto Cabello; R.
Preston, from Cadiz; Elizabeth and Ann, from Odessa; (khan ( t),
from liarre.-Off the Port: llarriett Rockwell, from Savannah;
Flora Mcidonald, from Mobile; Funny, from Mobile; Reimer (brig),
fpm—.-Sailed: Swhomie, for Africa; Murray, for Alexandria
Leila, for Baltimore; W. Hut., for Belize; Frier Geltweder, for
Bremen; Elizabeth, for Capel-Own; Caledonia (s), for Halifax and
Barton ; John Campbell, for Madeira; Parthenon, for New Orleans ;
Union, for (Mend; Samuel, f. Rotterdam; Secinat, for Palau; Con-
cordia, fur Dordt ; Pert-stin, f • Pio Janeiro; Chiunplein, for Philo-
dodplha ; Aurelius, rod Amei 'man, fur New York; babattis, and
Cromstadt, for iloston.-Spoken : Flora, of St. John's, N. 8., with loss
of sods, jitsboom, he., 25th Sept., lot 48, ion. 34; Marquis of Weller.
ley. of Dublin, outinord.bound 24th Sept., lat. 47, lon. 37-by the
Patick henry. horn. Ilarnislen, 10th Sept., lid. eG, ion. 50; In.
dus.ry, Sligo to Quebec; Coronation, from Liverpool, 12th Sept., lat.
43, lon. 47 ; Ruth, Quebec to Exeter, 13th, lot. 46, lon. 45; Great
Western ha, Liverpool to New York, 17th, lat. 49, lon. 38 ; Albion, of
Galway, 20th, lon. 51, lon. 24-by the Olinda.
Patridi Henry, Delano, from New York, at Liverpool, sailed Bth
Sept. F.om midnight of the Bth to norm of the 11th had a heavy gale
,'mum E.N.E.; 10th Sept. lat. 39, long. 73, passed the week of a vessel
scout 200 tons dismasted and waterlogged; llth, lat. 38, long. 72,
saw the hull of a 1:437, totally dlomooted, span lying alongside-she
had two white strea':a, caboose house painted gram, with white p.n.
nels, a bale. bead and carved work on her stern--could not discern
any. one on :.card of liar; 19. h, lat. 44, long. 50, experienced
a ratlent gale :men S. S. W. to W., lost fore and mrintommit,
toroth', spcnesr and maintopgallantmaat, ore bulwarks,
he.; 22nd, lat. 4.6, long. '4l, hauled up for and spoke the ship Po-
mona, from St- John's, N. 8., to Liverpool, dismasted, and in a sinking
condition, took off nineteen of the crew (the barque Nora Scotia. of
Yarmouth, N. 8., was laying by her, and had token a part of the
crewi-the Nora Scotia had lost topgallantmast. jihboom sails, and
deck lo id, in the same gale of 19th inst.; 24th, lat. 47, long. 37,
ps• led a ship or barque steering cost under juey.nrst, arid the -Mar-
quis of Wellesley, ot Dublin, steering west; 25th, lat. 48, long. 34.
Fated the flora, of St. John's, N. 8., lot sails Itibboom, Sm.; 27th,
lat. 50, lung. 23, pa: ',ed a brig steering east, with loos of mainmast.
*** For Sa ter.tay's markets re last pagc

MITE MUSIC BOOK, New Weekly Periodical of
Original Musk. No. I. tkis day, New Bond by
atING, MAIDEN, SING." Prue ed. PrVated nom Itegra.:La•Z
Plates, as Paper the usual Made $ mi.
No. U. "SIZE YALU FRIEND," MIMIC WAi.t.acs, Words by
T. HOOO, as Saturday amt.
Mee, 1, IR. Bride's-Arenee, rieet-rtree., where geospectuses may
be bad ; and sold by all boeluellers and rinimeg.

" SING' MAIDEN, BIND?,„ New Song by BALFE,
Words by BAKST COIINWAL•, WWI 6d., being No. I. of THE
MUSIC BOOK. Printed from Er.gravad Plates, on Paper the usual
MNc size. by
usio. 11. 'TILE FALSE PELLE SI)," Music by Wau.coa, Werdo
T. HOOD, on Saturday sent.
Mee, I, St. Bde's-Arnie Fiset_wreet, where Prospectuses
be had; and soldri by all bootj&evii end may

NEW SONG by BALIPE, "RING, MAIDEN,
SING." Pelee IC: Ibis *ay, tali. t a THE rum
BBOOK.
BOOK. Printed heal eessed ream ea the UMW Musie size.
No. 11. "THE PA'.IK IMIIIND," Musks WALLAra, Words by
T. Iloou, on Saturn .y mai,
Cade, 1, St. Brie h'i.AvalliM YkeltAtred, loiters Prospectuses may
be bad; and sold ay eil bsdmal,____2L______-------siotl newsmen.

------
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AND BON, Wholsesbalteteil, end for Exportation.
BY CHARLES DICKENS.
With Ellgratiolla by lIABLUT K. BROWNE.
London: Bradbury and Evens, Whitetriars.

MR. DICKENS'S NEW WORK.
T. EALING S with the FIRM of DOMBEY and
SON.—Coustry Booksellers may be supplied •with PROOBPEC.
DOSES of the above Publication. by sPidYWe to Omit ceneecti'm
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Vibitefriars, September 12, 1646.

FOR TRAVELLERS ON TILE CONTHWIT.
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lICTURES from ITALY. By CHARLES DICKENS.
Owen/rm.—Paris to Chalons—Lyom the Rhone, and the
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Now ready, in one handsome volume, svo, elegantly bound in cloth,
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and the

This day is published No. XXII. of
DOUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING
MAGAZLNE, with continuation of ST. GILES and ST. JAMES,
4-the Editor.
London : Published at the " Punch " office, 33, Fleet-street.

I=oo.

• MAILS.
The mails for Madeira, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &c.,
will be made up ou the evening of the Mb October (this day).
The mails for Comma, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Iddla, and
Gibraltar, will be mule up on tbe 7th October.
The overland closed mails, via Marled/es, tO the Mediterranean,
Egypt, Aden. Oeylon, India, llong-Kong, &c., will be made up on the
evening of the 7th October.
The West India mails, excluding those for Mexico, Honduras, end
Havana, will be made up on the morningof the 17th October.
The malls for British North Americo, and the United States, will
be made up on the evening of the 17th October.
The overland mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Wanda,
Aden, Ceylon, India, llong-Kong, and China, rio Southampton,
VIM made up on the morning of the 20th October.
The malls for New South Waal, Van Dieman's Land, will be ma.cle
up on the 31st October.

POIFF-071OCI NOTICL.—MAILS FOR LIPSON AND GAPS Or GOOD
Hors—This morning the following notice was issued from the Ge-
neral Post-ollce.—The mails disembarked &cm her Ma y's at
Bull Dog have been returned to London. The letters to the
Cape of Good Hope will be forwarded by the Lady Flora, which is
expected to sail for Portemouth on the 6th (to-morrow), and the
letters for Lab= will be forwarded by the Pensular mall, on the 7th.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We cannot notice, in any way, any communication that is sent to no
anonymously; but those who choose to address us in conitdenoe will
And their conndenee respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TO RETURN ANY IHANWICRIPTB WHATEVER.
•.• Advertisements intended for The Erpress must be at the Office by
Two o'clock on the day of publication.

HIGH WATER AT pt
To. DAY. Morning, 34 min. past I; Afternoon, 58 min. put 1.
TO4lolllloW.—Morning, 18 min. pun 2; Afternoon, 12 min. poet 2.

LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 5:

Tim Rev. SYDNEY GODOLPIIIN OSBORNE half ap-
proved himself, in the cause of the agricultural la-
bourer, a christian and apostolic man. He cannot
say, with St. Paul, " I have fought with beasts at
Ephesus ;" but he has faced Dorsetshire farmers at
Ryme, which is not far short of the same thing,
allowing for diff.rence of time and country. The
one encounter, like the other, enas m u.o cuunrmattuu
of truth; a very sad truth, in the present instance, as
to the physical state of the toiling poor ; and not
without some illustration of the forlornness of their
moral condition.
The relation of farmer and labourer is too often
one of vulgar, rapacious tyranny, and of helpless,
abject dependence. This seems especially the
case in that Arcadian Dorsetshire, to which,
before the facts were brought out, a high
degree of rural felicity was ascribed by those
philanthropists whose bowels yearn with com-
passion over the slaves of the mill 'and factory,
but who have been very regardless of the bowels of
their own peasantry. The obnoxious truck system, so
vigoronaly combated in manufacturing towns, where
publicity exists to check its excesses, prevails in full
force amid the fields and farm-houses of these parts
of Dorsetshire. From 21. to 41.45., seems the most,
in money, that any labourer gets of his and his fami-
ly's miserable wages, all the year round. He must
buy hard cheese of short weight, and refuse-corn, of
his employer. You cannot say that he does not know
on which side his bread is buttered; for the rancid
smell tells that, if he venture to put it on bread
at all. The poor creatures mix off the "strong"
stuff in what they call a cake ; which is very like put-
ting the bad shilling between two coppers. Then they
have meat sometimes. Not butchers' meat, but what
may be called Dorset Farmers' meat ; sheep that die
of themselves, and are stuck afterwards, no blood

coming; " quarter-evil bullocks," whatever that disease
• may be, and bullocks with " a very bad cancer in
the shoulder," and " a great bunch of matter there ;"
flesh which no butcher will degrade his lingers or
peril his character by touching; and from which the
very dogs turn away ; —beef and mutton such as this,
at 2d. and 3d. a pound, does the labourer take in part
payment of his wages, of Bs. or 9s. a-week. He takes
it ; and eats it if he can ; though even his trained
stomach will not always stand the dose. A thousand
thanks to the man who has let in some light upon
these filthy doings !
They arc not compelled to take the goods," say
the farmers. It is all optional. True ; and what is
the alternative ? They get no work ; and so, no
wages at all ; and yet, as they have the offer of work,
there is no relief for them from the parish. The wish
is a command, in such circumstances. The labourer
knows what is expected of him. He knows the
penalty of non-compliance. Mr. BRAKE, the leading
man among the farmers, asks very emphatically " Are
you compelled to take goods ? " " We are not
obliged," says the witness, "bat certainly we are ex-
pected to do it. .. . Mr. BRAKE expects us to take
some in goods. In times past, I am sure I have given
offence when I did not take some out in goods. And
if I did not, there was nothing for me to do." Another
witness says, " Mr. BASTON the farmer sent to me a
year ago to do some thatching for him, but told me
he should not pay me in money, for BRAKE did not
pay his men in money, and he should not ; it
made a d—d deal of difference, paying all in
money, to what it was when taken out in
goods."' Another witness was told by Mr.
BRAKE that he was "a ready-money chap, which would
not do for him." Still there is no compulsion. The
men are not tied to a tree and flogged till they buy
and bolt the diseased meat. They only understand
that it is that or nothing. They can starve, rot, and
die in a ditch, if they prefer it. They are quite at
liberty; free-born Britons; " a bold peasantry, our
country's pride ;" and need do nothing upon com-
pulsion.
For years, such dealings as these have been quietly
endured. No Rev. S. G. OSBORNE was at hand. No
Times Commissioner had scoured the country. No
League had sent its missionaries. Lord ASHLEY was
amending the moralities of Manchester mill-owners.
The world was otherways engaged. There was
none to help ; and the poor people's hearts
died within them. They became spirit-broken.
Ricks and cuffs were taken quietly. The wonder is,
that any complaint at all has been made audible.
Probably it never would, but for the beneficent cler-
gyman, whose visitations occasioned this inquiry.

And in what spirit has it been conducted ? The very
first thing for eliciting truth would have been to make
the witnesses feel perfectly secure, and at liberty to
tell out their whole story frankly, without fear of con-
sequences. Instead of that, there were their masters in
full array before them. A lawyer was brought from
Yeovil to cross-examine the witnesses. We all know
what bullying, browbeating, and confounding, are
practised under the name of cross-examination. Mr.
OSBORNE stood alone; opposing only a genti.emanly
demeanour, a strong sympathy, and a straig'etforward
aim at truth, against the spirit of the whole proceeding.
And whatever the farmers might think ‘..if themselves
and their meeting ; however heroical:ly they might
agree, "We wun't be beat r whatever the energy of
their final declaration, that "there is no truth in
newspapers;"—the plain fact is, that Mr. OSBORNE
proved his letter to the very letter, and amply sub-
stantiated every allegation.
RoheThere is no peculiar and local depravity in this case.
faignlabourer is always more helpless, and more
likely to be oppressed, in districts which are scant of
towns, and remote from the seats of trade and manu-
factures. More communication ; more trade, and
thereby more employment ; more facilities of loco-
motion ; more publicity ; and more of all the varied
results that a wiser policy and the natural course of
improvement will bring ;—these are the real remedy of
the general evil. It is well, meanwhile, by such
means as Mr. OSBORNE adopts, to abate those local
enormities which are an aggravated form of the
common mischief. The tendency to a better state of
things is helped onward. A wholesome direction is
given to public sympathy. And the national intelli-
gence learns to co-operate with, instead of counter-
acting, that law of progress which fails not to provide
the remuneration of labour, as well as of capital,
when not impeded by partial, unwise, and unjust
legislation.
Surmounting the immediate difficulty, and enjoy-
ing a few years of cheap food, cheap movement, and
cheap knowledge, we anticipate the disappearance of
all such dark spots as this in Dorset from the moral
map of our country. Not only will labourers be
better fed, but they and their employers will
cease to "ge to hat " together, for the pre-
ternatural decision of a difficulty. This odd
superstition, which consists in holding a hat before
the face, and wishing that the eyes may drop into it
if the party be guilty of the offence imputed, really
appears in the evidence as matter of serious belief.
The faith has been confirmed by a recent instance
(this Mr. BRAKE being one of the parties in the cere-
mony), although the eye took an unorthodox time to
accomplish the transit. Still it is certain that GEORGE
HALLETT, who went to hat with Mr. BRAKE about
the seduction of a young,woman, "a little while
afterwards lost one of his eyes." Mr. OSBORNE is
lucky to escape being challenged to " go to hat " on
the condition of the labourers. When the physical
state of these poor creatures is improved, the Church
will have better chance of abating their superstitions.
And some help may be rendered by cheap newspapers.

No blame can be laid upon the local authorities or
the soldiery for the melancholy collision with the popu-
lace at Dungarvan. Every care appears to have been
taken to avoid such a result. The firing was obviously
an act of self-defence, the last resort of men who had
shown rare forbearance. Thus much is due to the
innocent causes of an event which will materially
augment the difficulty of dealing with Ireland during
the winter.
Panic and rude turbulence are contagious. When
blood has once been shed among a people of such
temper as the Irish peasantry, it is not easy to
calculate the consequences. The extent of fatal
casualties occasioned by the firing may possibly never
be known. On such occasions the precautions of the
peasantry to conceal those who have been killed or
--onnana On order to evade inquiries after the
offenders), and the success which attenda them,
can scarcely be conceived by those who have not
had opportunities of personal observation. There
are no means of ascertaining how widely the blow
struck at 11ungarvan is felt. The occurrence will
circulate with the rapidity of lightning through
Ireland. It will be talked of at every peasant's
hearth. Exaggerated versions of it will gain uni-
versal currency. There is but one remedy : prompt
and efficient action to assure the peasantry that the
famine which seems, impending over them will be
warded off. The moral is for the instruction of
government on the one hand, and of a large portion
of the landlords and the press of Ireland on the
other.

As far as Government is concerned, we have re-
peatedly said that its plan seems, on the whole, to be
the best that could be adopted. If resolutely followed
out, if adopted on a scale sufficiently large and liberal,
there appears as yet no room for misgiving regarding
it. But the work must not be done after the Somer-
set-house fashion. Plausible, well-reasoned reports on
abstract subjects, must not be substituted for a suffi-
cient staff, an adequate expenditure, and an effective
supervision. The three means of relief are: the
undertakings carried on by the Board of Works ; the
sustenance distributed when necessary from local relief
funds; and the depots established throughout the coun-
try to supply provisions at prime cost (including car-
riage). With regard to works, there is an ample amount
of them that may be fairly included in the Government
category, as strictly public. There is no necessity for
confining them to roads. Improving or creating a system
of sewerage in every village, however small ; inclosing,
and rendering neat, greens and other spaces reserved
for the recreation of the villagers ; incloaing, and ren-
dering neat, cemeteries and the ground about all places
of public worship ; completing public buildings of
any kind; deepening and clearing out harbours ;—it is
easy to suggest works suited to every locality. The
works immediately wanted in Ireland are such as
may keep the peasantry from eating charitable doles
in idleness, yet not interfere with that permanent em-
ployment by private individuals, to which, in future
years, they must look forward. The kind of works we
have enumerated are those which in ordinary circum-
stances would not be undertaken in Ireland for many
years to come. Most of them are there regarded, not
as indispensable, but as matters of luxury. Yet the
health of the population will be materially improved by
a universal system of sewerage, removing damp and
dirt from their villages; and the neatness of ceme-
teries, places of worship, and public greens, would be
a lesson not without effect. As to the wages, the two-
pence lower than the ordinary wages of the district
was a somewhat pedantic notion : the phrase which
' appears now to be substituted, "a fair day's wage for
a fair day's work," is much better. Let the amount of
work a man can accomplish in a day be fairly estimated;
let the cost of provisions, raiment, and lodging, be ascer-
tained; andlet task-work employment be given at such
rates, that an honest workman may so be able to earn
food for his family. It is for the commissariat cora-
' mittee of relief and the board of works to see that
no time is lost in setting such works afoot
on such terms in all the destitute districts.
It is for the commissariat committee of relief to see
that an adequate number of food depOts are estab-
lished in every district where there is scarcity, and
that they are sufficiently stored. Lastly, as to the
local relief funds, since the task of dividing baronies into
relief-committee districts has been devolved upon the
Lieutenants of Counties, it is for the Lord Lieuten-
ant to insist that every one of these functionaries do
forthwith repair in person to his county, and by
results show that he is discharging this duty. The
activity which prevails in the naval mills and bakeries,
in furnishing surplus supplies for Ireland, and the in-
creased force of steamers and hulks placed at the
disposal of the commissariat committee of relief, are
evidence in favour of Government's prompt and effi-
cient action. It is to be hoped that all departments
of this charitable service may be carried on in the
same large and energetic spirit.
The lesson which the prospect of possible

The reb
one of vu
abject de
case in
before tl
degree o
philanthrc
passion c
but who h
their own
vigorously
publicity i
force ami,
of Dorsett
in money,
ly's misers
buy hard
his employ
on which
smell tell;
at all. 'I
stuff in wl
ting the b
have meat
may be en
of themse
coming;
may be, c
the should
flesh whic'
peril his cl
very dogs
at 2d. and
payment o
it ; and ea
stomach w
thanks to
these filth:
iiey
the farmer
the altern
wages at I
there is nc
is a comm
knows wh
penalty of
Man MOE
you cost/
obliged,"
pected to
some in g(
offence wl
if I did no
witness ss
year ago t
he shoal;
pay his I
made a
money, I
mss,„
BRAKE thi
not do for
men are 1'
and bolt
that it is
die in a
liberty ; f
country's
pulsion.
For yet
endured.
Times Cc
league h
amending
The wor
none to
died witl
Kicks and
that any
Probably
glum'', 1