The Express.
London, England, 1853-08-25 00:00:00

SPAIN,

We have received the Madrid journals of the 18th.
They state that the ex-Queen of the French is ex-
pected at Cadiz in the early part of next month. The
Duke and Duchess of Montpeneier will proceed to
Cadiz to meet their royal relative, who will return
with them to the Palace of San Telmo to pass the
winter. M. Govante, the Minister of Justice, has
made known through the Gazette that for the future
foreigners, wishing to exercise the profession of
teachers in Spain must, in their demand for authori-
sation for that purpose, state the cause of their
taking up their residence in the Peninsula, and ac-
-1 company their application by a certificate, proving
that they have exercised the profession for six yore.
The journals contain no political newa.

ITALY.

ROME, Avoust 18

I mentioned in my letter of the 14tit instant that
a revolutionary demonstration was expected to take
place on the following evening, when the Piazza
Colonna would be crowded with people to witness
the illumination of the French Casino, and to listen
to the music in honour of the Emperor Napoleon's
festival. The vigilance of the police prevented any
such rash and worse than us less attempt from
'taking place, and on the night of the 14th the
principal leaders of the intended movement were
arrested and conducted to prison, to the number,
hitherto, of twenty-nine persons, almost exclusively
Romans, or belonging to the Roman States. Con-
trary to their usual custom, in these cases of plots,
of arresting, right and left, everybody suspected
of liberal principles, whether guilty or in-
nocent of conspiring against public tran-
quillity, the police agents have this time acted
with a decision and discrimination which
prove that they were furnished with all requisite in-
, formation, and knew exactly where to lay their
hands upon the really of parties. Of these
the principal is the advocate retroni of Bologna, a
man devoted heart and soul to the republican cause,
and late president of the Mazzinian committee in this
city, but removed from that office by the republicans
themselves, after the events of Milan, which, as be-
fore observed, produced a split between the liberal
parties. It is a curious fact that, whilst the advo-
cate was carrying on his arduous duties as chief
agent and representative of Muzzini, his very pre-
sence in Rome was in defiance of the police, as he
was under sentence of banishment from the States,
and always managed to elude the researches of the
sbirri. This time, however, he has not been so for-
tunate, and so precise has been the information of
the police that revelations have evidently been made
by some traitor amongst the conspirators themselves,
probaby ono of the emissaries who recently arrived
from Genoa, whose only object in associating him-
self to the undertaking was to sell his companions to
the vengeance of the ecclesiastical government.
The advocate Petroni's hiding-place turned out to
be in the house of a priest, who was his half-brother,
and resided in the Via dc' Cappellari. The police
knocked at the door, and in reply to the inmate's
inquiry who was there, replied, " Friends of Don
Marco," the nom de guerre by which he was known
amongst his partisans. The advocate came to receive
his visitors, grumbling at the lateness of the hour
they chose, when the unifarm of a gendarme pre-
sented itself to his astonished sight. " Ito captto,"
was his quiet observation—" I understand." He
then inquired of his captor whether he was an officer,
and learning that he was only a non-commissioned
officer (a marevcialo), he tapp, d him on the shoulder,
and observed,"You will w• ar an officer's epaulettes for
this, my good friend; my arrest is nu important
piece of service !" And important indeed it appears
likely to be, for a considerable mass of correspondence
with Mazzini and other leading men of his party
was discovered in his rooms, bes;des papers calculated
to reveal the whole plans of the republicans and to
implicate a vast number of persons throughout the
Homan States.

The next most important haul made by the police
was in the apartments of Signor Lepri, in the Poli
palace, where, besides some of the foreign emissaries
who lodged there, the gendarmes pounced upou a
quantity of papers, circulars, and the printing press
itself,whose mysterious existence has so long puzzled
the authorities. The emissaries were three in num•
ber, and rushed to take refuge in the room of a
French officer, who likewise lodged in the apartments,
as soon as they found that the house was attacked.
The Frenchman did not consider himself obliged by
the laws of hospitality to conceal the presence of his
unexpected visitors, who were dragged from under-
neath his bed, and marched off to prison forthwith.
Signor Lepri escaped by letting himself down from
an upper window by the rope and bucket used for
drawing water, but his son was nabbed in his stead.
The advocate Petroni may be considered as the
principal mover and director of whatever was in-
tended to have taken place, and his rashness in per-
sisting to stay in Rime, although under sentence of
banishment, and although after his deposition from
the Muzzinian presidency his friends offered to pro
vide him with money and the means of leaving the
country, sufficiently shows the resolute nature of his
character.

Amongst the other persons arrested are Signor
Ruiz, the first comptaisla or accountant in Rome,
together with his sister, the government being re-
solved not to except the sober sex from the rigours of
a political prison ; Castellani, son ol the well-known
jeweller in the Corso ; Casciani, son of Major Cas-
ciani of the Palatine Guard; Preti, clerk in an as-
surance office; Taddei, mosaicist ; Cocchi, idem.
Some of the Genoese emissaries were also fouud in
this man's house, in the Borgo, near the Vatican ;
Francois, clerk in the salt and tobacco office;
Guglielmetti, baker, and several more shopkeepers ;
but it is expected that revelations will now be ex-
torted day by day from these prisoners, sufficient to
warrant the arrest and persecution of hundreds, per-
haps thousands, more, throughout the State, and the
result can only be in the lugubrious words of
Dante—

Naovi tormenti, ei nuovi tormentati.

The question now arises whether these unfortunate
people really did, or did not. mean to renew in Home,
on the evening of the 15th, scenes like those which
so recently deluged the streets of Milan with blood,
and afforded the Austrians a plausible pretext for
the ferocity of their soi-dieant judicial reprisals. The
French insist upon it that they were all to have
fallen victims to a repetition of the Sicilian Vespers,
and give credit to Mr. Mangio, their prefel de police,
for his sagacity in nosing out the plot ; but the
Romans laugh at them for their timidity, and main-
tain that the object of the mission from Genoa, and
the conferences of the emissaries with the republi-
cans in Rome, was merely to effect a reconciliation
between the Mazzinians and fusionists, and introduce
a spirit of union into the liberal party. Reports,
however, are extremely contradictory between the
Romans themselves, of whatever political opinion,
some going so far as to specify the number and
nature of the weapons prepared, whilst others laugh
the idea to scorn, and deny the possibility of a hand-
-1 ful of young men being so mad as to attack a well-
s appointed army with • few knives, sticks, and
stones. This question has formed the all-absorbing
topic of conversation throughout Rome ever since,
from Count de Itaynevars state dinner saloon, on
Monday, to the °storks and cobblers' stalls at the
street corners.

The government itself has deemed it necessary to
put forth a laconic allusion to the occurrence in the
official paper, the following paragraph having ap.
peartd in the Roman Journal of yesterday evening :
--tt Several exiles from the Papal States, already
known by their principles destructive of all social
order, arriving from Genoa, succeeded in disembarking
unobserved on the coast between Civita Vecchia and
Fiumicino. Having clandestinely entered Rome,
they were arrested by the police, together with some
persons in correspondencee with them, who had also
afforded them shelter."

No doubt the authorities are delighted at any cir-
cumstance which affords them an opportunity or
making sure of so many decided enemies of the go-
vernment, although they affect to lament the neces-
sity of returning to the system of severity, which of
late had been a little relaxed, and lay upon the de-
luded conspirators the blame of whatever measures
the police may now deem necessary for the main-
tenance of public tranquillity. Certainly very few
persons in Rome will be found to sympathise with
the authors of such a frightful tumult as a noc-
turnal struggle on the crowded Piazza Colonna
would have proved, al says premising such to have
been seriously their intention, and that such is the
general opinion amidst the general contradiction is
proved by the frequency of the words " folly, atro-
city, hopeless madness," amongst the groups of indi-
viduals commenting upon the matter in the public
streets. Commercial men are particularly loud in
their reprobation of the plot, and the majority of the
ecclesiastical party and lovers of quiet are ready to
exclaim :

Neque
Per nortrum patimur stelae
Iraeunda Jovem ponere fulminal

This important discovery being made, and the pro-
jected actors in the drama being all safely lodged in
prison on the nights of the 13th and 14th, the joint
festival of the Madonna and the French Emperor
went off without other disturbance than what was
produced by the warring of the elements. The troops
on parade on the Pincio were drenched to the skin
and obliged to appear en capote during the rest of

the day. The French went to pay honour to the
Emperor by attending the Tr Ileum at the church of
St. Louis, whilst the Pope attended mass in Lamar
of the Madonna at Santa Muria Maggiore. At M.
de Rayneval's state dinner his excellency and Car.
dinal Antonelli politely exch.inged toasts to the Pope
and the Emperor, and in the evening the French
establishments were illuminated for the Emperor and
the Roman houses for the Madonna. The greatest
quiet prevailed upon the Piazza Colonna, where the
Emperor's portrait and a great transparent eagle
beamed forth amidst a thousand lights, ani two
French bands tried the musical forbearance of the
Romans to the utmost.