The Express.
London, England, 1853-10-04 00:00:00

LONDOS, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4.

Bv the latest enival of American papers, we et*
what is the most astonishing, if not the most impor-
tant, incident of the Turco-Russian quarrel, in the
eyes of Americans. The marvellous incident is, that
the English Times has pointed out, as one of the
liabilities of the war into which that quarrel may
lead England and France, that their commerce will
be preyed upon by American privateers under Bus-

elan letters of marque. Tho conception is a bold one
—so bold an one, that it suggests to the reader that
there must have been a great dearth of arguments in
favour of the Russian side of the question before
such a supposition could be put forth as that of
American vessels chasing us at sea in the in-
terest of Russia : the freest nation in the world rob-
bing the next freest, in aid of the despot whose very
name stands for tyranny. The reply of the American
newspapers is excellent, as far as it goes. Aware.
probably, that some American doings at sea have
deprived the people at large of the right to resent
such an imputation with absolute scorn, the reply is
in a quiet and expository tone, which is the moat
manly and dignified that the occasion admits of. The
first reply appearad in the New York Courier and
Inquirer : and it is generally adopted by the news-
papers of the whole country. It relates how, during
the Mexican war, when there were threats of Ameri-
can commerce being assailed by privateers under
Mexican letters of marque, proclamation was made
by the Government and people of the United States,
that every privateer crew that should be captured
would bo hanged as pirates, except such
as could prove themselves Mexican. The arti-
cle proceeds to state that in case of
war between England and Russia, such is
the treatment that every respectable American would
wish to be inflicted upon any privateer crews of his
countrymen that might be caught plundering under
Russian letters of masque. The mere supposition is
so monstrous, so gruel,' insulting, that the writer of
the article deserves credit for the calmness with
which he controverts it : and the more because, at
the time it was written, there wu scarcely a doubt
in the mind of any American that war between
Russia, France, and England would break out very
soon. The excuse of the Times seems to be that the
Americans have manifested a predatory spirit on re-
peated oceasims within a few years; and that the
country which has sent out a piratical expedition
against Cuba, and is known to have contemplated
more, may well be supposed to be piratically in-
clined, whenever the temptation occurs. A very
little knowledge of political and social affairs in the
United States would have obviated a view so unjust
and absurd; and that knowledge it is highly desir-
able for public writers to obtain, at a time when
American intervention in the affairs of Europe is be-
coming a subject of deep interest to every civilised
nation.

There can be no manner of doubt that the sym-
pathies of every man in the United States are in
favour of political freedom. Within twenty years
there might be, and there was, an aged gentleman
here and there who regretted pigtails and King
(IMAGES. and the dignity of colonial office-holding ;
and a venerable lady or two who prayed night and
morning that the rebellious colonists might become
sensible of their presumption, and humbly sue to be
received again into the bosom of the parent mo-
narchy. Such persons so thought and prayed as a
Jacobite lady here and there in England, within our
remembrance, asserted in the same way the divine
right of the STUARTS. But this loyal prayer has
been hushed by death in both countries; and the sur-
vivors have to a man opened their eyes upon a new
day. There is not an American who is not
bound by every conceivable sympathy to the popular
cause all over the world. All instruction, all asieo-
dation, all patriotic virtue, all national pride and
vanity, all the influences of every kind to which he
is subject, from his cradle upwards, combine to
reader the conception of political despotism wholly
monstrous in his eyes, and almost incredible to his
mind. There is no point in his mental structure on
which sympathy with the Casa could fasten ; while
every idea that has ever been precious to his race, and
every emotion that stirs within himself, is on the side
of England, and perhaps yet more of France, in the
existing quarrel. There are deep philosophical and
political reasons why the closest bond of all should
be between the Americans and the French people:
but in the present case France and England are as
one ; and American goodwill may be regarded as
extended equally to both. "But," says the author
of this romance of the privateer, " the question is
not of political sympathies, but of the rapacity
of an unscrupulous community." In that view,
also, the surmise in wholly unjust, and would never
have been hazarded by any one who had any effectual
insight . into Ameriean affairs. The faults, the
crimes, which have afforded 'pretext for the supposi-
tion are wholly canoed by the great and fearful
American difficulty—the institution of Slavery. That
institution is at the bottom of everything questiona-
ble, everything wicked, everything foolish, every-
thing impolitic in any way that the United States
have done for a long course of years; and it is a
grave political mistake to argue from what the Ame-
ricans have done in their own hemisphere what
they would do in ours. Such censure as they de-
serve, they must be visited with and endure; but
they are not, and never will be, in any sense or
degree, the allies of European despots against the
peoples of any countries on earth. The eyes of the
world ought to be fixed on their restless efforts to
extend their empire to the south-west ; and on their
claim to drive out, or exclude from entrance, any
Europeans settled, or desiring to settle, in any part
of the western continents. Their Florida war, for
the tacit purpose of seizing for slaves the half-breed
Indian and negro children in that wild territory
should not be forgotten; nor their annexation of
Texas; nor their Mexican war; nor their declared
avidity for Cuba; nor the disgraceful transactions in
the ports of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore,
in regard to Cuba and its Slam Trade. Every poli-
tical change, every unaccountable new law, should
be studied by the baleful light of this one institution;
and all will be intelligible; and among the clearest
• points of the case will be the total absence of con-
nexion between these transactions and any sympathy
with European despotism. The failure of Kossunet3
mission had nothing to do with any sympathy with
Austria. Kossurtt had freed the servile elms in
Hungary; and this alienated from him the whole
Southern population and the slave-holding in-
terest in all parts of the States. Kos-
ecru made the fatal mistake of ignoring the
whole subject of personal freedom while aigitelifg
on behalf of political freedom ; and this cost him the
sympathy of the whole body of abolitionists, whose
social influence is now wide-spread and heartfelt
beyond all Abet maid iollarnorer when admitted at

iall. Kussurii thus failed with both the partienintai
which the American people are really fivided, and
Hungary might thus lose meek; int asaureillt,
Austria gained nothing, except;, in as far ai Ifun
1 Icarian failure is Austrian.fgain.. There ban bale
indications since, at Smyrna and elsewhere, of what
the temper is between Austria and the United
States ; and there is enough suspicion of what it is
between the United States and Russia to direct a
good many eyes towards the Japanese Archipelago,
where the two governments have taken a simul-
taneous fit of exploring. We do not share the
expectation which seems to be seriously entertained
in some quarters, that the Americans will take
a part in the approaching European wars in
the old-fashioned way, by sending troops to fight on
the Hungarian plains, or to keep the passes of the Alps.
As we understand their position, they are precluded
by their domestic difficulty from this mode of action,
even if it were otherwise suitable to their circum-
stances. The jealousy between North and South,
engendered by slavery ; the eagerness of the South
for western conquest and extension, for which she
has not the means but by having the command of
the national forces ; the abstraction of force ren-
dered necessary by the presence of slaves; all these
circumstances, and a good many more, render it im-
possible at present that American armies should
come to Europe, or could be rel;ed on to remain
there long enough to be good allies. In a word,
while the Americans keep up slavery at home, they
are precluded from fighting for freedom abroad, as
fighting has hitherto been done. But they
have ships, of a quality of vigilance and
valour, that tke world pretty well knows ;
and they have diplomacy—a diplomacy which sinks
into a national disgrace when slavery is mixed up
with it, as when a SOULE goes to Madrid, full of
curious notions and very curious langurge about the
proprietorship of Cuba; and as when an EVERETT
forgets the distinction between mesa and tuum on
the same topic; but a diplomacy which has done
high credit to the national ability, heart, and man-
ners, whenever the business was unconnected with
that disastrous remnant of barbarism which
makes a whole people barbaric in one of its aspects.
Apart from that, the national testimony has ever
been borne fully and freely to the principles of poli-
tical liberty and justice—so freely that it is as absurd
to suppose that American citizens will be counte-
nanced in privateering in the cause of Russia as it
would be to imagine the CZAR conniving at his
soldiery deserting to the banners of MAzztNl or
KOSSUTII. It may be as well, however, for the
Americans to ask themselves if such a notion could
have entered any human brain but for certain con-
duct of their WO. There must be some association
of ideas between Americans and piracy. It may be
well to look into it, and to dissolve the association
so completely that not even Russia, or Russian
sympathisers, can ever utter such nonsense again.

LATEST FROM THE CONTINENT.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

VIENNA, Ocr. 2.

The semi-official Aidarian Currespontlexce states
that "a new scheme of adjustment has been agreed
on at Olmutz, and will be forthwith offered for ac-
ceptance to the Porte."
The Bourse yesterday exhibited a marked im-
provement :—Metalliques, 99; Northern., 223.
When the Conferences proper, to which Russia
and Austril were parties, had terminated, a council of
ministers was held, to which the ambassadors were
invited. It is said to have been here that Lord
Westmoreland made his proposition of a Collective
Declaration, which has been accepted.

BERLIN, Ocr. 2.

The King of Prussia quitted Berlin this (Sunday)
evening to meet the Czar at Warsaw, with two aides-
de-camp.

The itussia" n Baltic fleet has received orders to put
into Cronstadt and be laid up in ordinary, in conse-
quence of the prevalent stormy weather.

CONSTAiT fINOPLE, Sm. 22.

The rejection of the Turkish amendments by Rus-
sia is now generally known, hut no disturbances
have taken place.

THE BLACK SEA.
ODESSA, Sm. 23.
Wheat is inquired for at an advance of 2s. the
tachetwert. Freights are still high : tallow, ex. gr.,
Iles. per ton.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

From Vienna, Berlin, and Paris, we receive intel-
ligence of the result of the Olmutz conferences-
The cardinal fact in this news is that Austria re-
, enters—of course with the tangent and at the desire
' of Russia—into the conference from which she had
withdrawn, and the Four Powers, Oreat Britain,
France, Austria, and Prussia, are again to take up
the suspended work of conciliation. The Turkish
question enters into a new stadium. War ships of
the allies have anchored at Constantinople, and the
Czar displays less indignation than when they were
in the free waters of Europe. The Western Powers
have plainly rejected the Russian interpretation of
the note, and still they are desired to co-operate
in a pacific settlement of the question.
Next in importance to the foregoing fact is the
expedient by which it is proposed to avoid the diffi-
culties which have arisen through the opposite mean-
ings attached to the Vienna note. According to our
intelligence, that form is neither modified nor aban-
doned. It is still to be proposed to the Porte for ac-
ceptance, under the important condition that France,
England, Austria, and Prussia, shall sign a common
declaration, guaranteeing Turkey against all dangers
to her independence which might flow from
the possible abuse of its terms, but nor going
beyond the pentarchical treaty of 1841, as Reschid
Pacha demanded in his last circular to the Great
Powers. To frame such a reassuring declaration, it
is understood, is the work for which the suspended
Vienna conferences are to be resumed. This mode of
arrangement is not an original Russian proposition,
but is understood to be identical with that proposed
by the Earl of Clarendon upon the rejection of Rer
chid Pacha's modification by the Czar.
The assurance upon which the ambassadors at
Vienna propose to return to their conciliatory
labours is, according to letters from Vienna, the
readiness of the Czar to acquiesce in any form of
settlement which may secure peace and restore confi-
dence to commerce and finance, while saving his
honour. The sincerity of these professions, how-
ever, will nut be tried until the conference presents
the Czar with the result of its labours, and the con-
duct of that personae entitles all men to reserve
the it judgments for his acts.
IVhile the political question is thus remitted to
diplomatists the sovereigns of Russia, Austria, and
Prussia seek their peculiar gratification in mutual
military entertainments. The Czar's visit to the
Austrian camp at Olmutz is returned by the visit of
!
emperors Francis Joseph to Warsaw. According to previous
arrangements the two should be newoined
by the King of Prussia in the capital of Poland.
The following extracts will show how the recent
facts are struggling to light in the German papers.
The lithographic news sheet of Berlin, of the 29th
ult., says:
Aeo..zats have bees received that a roof/re:tee took pike.
at Chau% between the Primo of Prumia sod the two
Emperors a few minutes before the departure of the Cs v.
Count de Emperors,
and M. de Buol-Sehauenstein were
present. A courier has arrived from Minim with a letter
from the Prince of Prussia for the King. •Fasts will loon
prove oar prognostications that the conferences of Olmutz
have established a perfect understanding between Prussia,
Amu* sad Raids, ce the &stoat sesetise.