The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-12 00:00:00

.2, 1846 e

P sayeetbse daily, rtee-Adtahal 'RamsHa, la the virgin;.
Mg' are.
The French packet-Le National, which has been
plying aeverel pears between Havre and Honfleur,
has jest bassist en the coast, on the Anse de Calle-
grain whilst employed in towing small craft. The
masts the steamer are still above the water, but the
-uoisterens weather has not allowed the possibility of
raising the vessel from the spot where she sunk.
The failure of Messrs. O'Neill and Co., bankers, in
Paris, who were much mixed up last year with rail-
way transactions in France, was declared in Paris on
Thursday. The house not having much credit left,
the amount of its liabilities is not very considerable.
A letter, dated Breslau, 3rd Sept, and written by a
well-informed person, was communicated to our Paris
correspondent on Thursday, at the moment our Ex-
press left. It stated that a body of peasants of Galicia
had crossed the territory of Cracow, and endeavoured
to excite the peasants of Kodsuelniki to revolt, be-
longing to the estates of Count Stephen Potacki, but
their movements being detected, they were obliged to
return to Galicia. They gave vent to their sangui-
nary feelings by setting fire to the buildings they
found on their way, and the flames were seen from
Cracow. The peasants refine to perform the correes.
Count Stadion, who lett Lemberg on a tour of in-
spection, on the 20th August, was obliged.to return to
the town on the 24th. Reinforcements of troops have I
been ordered towards Galicia from other parts of the
Austrian dominions.

A letter from Algiers, dated Constantine, August
28th, states:
" Lieutenant-General Bedeau arrived here on Aug. 19.
On the 20th, he ordered 500 infantry, 200 horse and a detach-
ment of Turcos, under the orders of Lieutenant-Colonel

Sounet, to march in all haste to the Ilard&za;,;;Tclairiust
the Kabyles of the Beni Acteh, who had murdered their
Caul and seised on 3,000 francs belonging to the canniba-
-1 bitions. The troops on their arrival burnt and destroyed
everything. The Lieutenant-General proceeded to the spot
in person on the 21st, snorted by a body of Spahis. On the
27th August, 23 Arab prisoners and 2,400 head of cattle,
arrived at Constantine, the produce of the razaia against the
Beni-Acteh. Tranquillity is being restored among the Bar-
deen, who had assasainated some of their Caids. Besides
the losses they have sustained, a fine of 100,000 francs has
been imposed upon them. The Lieutenant General is es-
petted at Constantine on the 30th Sept."

The Madrid journal El Tiempo, of the sth instant,
says:
" We are informed that the preparations for the Imarriageof the Infanta Louisa and the Due de Montpensier, have
been suspended, in the fear of exciting national andinter-
national differences of a very serious nature. This may not
be true, but we should be delighted if it were."
General Oraa will, it is said, be appointed Captain-
General of Madrid. General Pezuela is to be pro-
moted to the rank of Lieutenant-General. Don Pedro
Egana, Intendant of the Palace, has been appointed
Gentleman of the Chamber to her Majesty Queen
Isabella.

El Herold° has the following :
" We have heard it asserted that the English ambassador
addressed to the Minister for Foreign Affairs (Isturitz) a
note in which, after having said that the information of the
marriare of the Infanta Louisa with the Due de Montpen-
sier had reached him through non-official channels, and had
placed him in a most embarrassing positi•m. He (Mr.
Bulwer) then mentioned several considerations which, in his
opinion, must render such an alliance unsuitable (poro con-
veniente) or capable of cooling (podria enfriar) the good
understanding now existing between the Cabinets of Eng-
land and France. We understand that in this communica-
tion not a word was said in reference to the treaty of Utrecht.
To this Senor Isturitz returned a reply in the same cour-
teous tone (61 miame Bono decoroso), but at the same time
full of dignity and firmness."
On the 31st ult., the Spanish brig-of-war El Ebro
sailed from Carthagena for Civita Vecchia, with de-
spatches for the Spanish Ambassador at the Court
of Rome. Mr. Bnlwer was nearly restored to health.

PARIS, finer. 8.
The municipal elections are almost all over, and
everifresh courier brings the news of some new triumph for
the Opposition and some defeat for the Ministry. The
National, yesterday, cited fifty-nine towns in which the
Opposition had obtained a majority. These returns, how-
ever decisive they may appear, are by no means complete. The
ministry, at the present moment, are alone aware of the
extent, and can foresee all the consequences of the check
which they have experienced. Those persons who are in the
confidence of M. Duch9tel show themselves greatly alarmed
as to the future. Out of two hundred towns, at least, the
municipal councillors who belonged to the Conservative
party have been replaced by members elected from amongst
the most radical of the opposition. To understand how sig-
nificant such an event is, it must not be forgotten that the
municipal law of 1831, which showed so much liberality
towards the rural districts, treated the towns, and, above all,
the richest and the most populous cities, with the most ridi-
culous parsimony. The right of suffrage extends in the
communes in an inverse ratio to population, intelligence, and
wealth. In a rural commune a person may be a municipal
elector by paying taxes to the extent of 30 centimes; at
Rouen, in order to be borne on the list, and have the right of
nominating to the members of the council, the minimum
required is 178 francs, and is Paris 200 francs. The electoral
body for the municipalities consists of upwards of two millions.
of electors, an immense and formidable democracy. In the
rural districts, all citizens being of the requisite age, and
having a house, possess the right of voting. In the towns,
on the contrary, there are not many more municipal than
political electors. As an instance, which may be taken as •
medium, at Rheims, a city containing 40,000 inha-
bitants, where there are abut 000 political electors, the
number who vote in the municipality does not exceed
1,500. The two electoral bodies differing so little, it follows
that the government could not lower the qualification which
confers political rights, even in the most moderate way,
without exposing itself to the certainty of seeing the direction
of political affairs pass into the hands of the Opposition.
This proves that the Ministerial majority Is a factitious one,
which does not respond to the general sentiment of the
country, and that beyond the 220,000 electors, more than
heifer whom voted for the Opposition, in 180 colleges, there
is no safety for the monarchy. This fact must attract the
attention of foreigners, by making it evident to them upon
how slight and frail a basis the system rests which for the
last ten years has been so loudly vaunted, and which too
many people believe to be the result of profound wisdom.
M. Duchatel says, to all who will listen to him, that the
municipal elections in the 200 towns of which I have spoken
have been the consequence of a species of insurrection of
the lower against the middling classes. I am not of
opinion that such is the case. I have sought in vain
to discover the existence of this struggle between the
different classes of society, and nowhere perceive traces of
that irreconcileable hatred which caused such violent results
during the period of anarchy. But if M. Duch&tel be right,
if the eyrnpton s of opposition which show themselves are
the precursors of a jacquerie, it should be looked to imme-
diately, and an immediate remedy be devised for it. But
what does the ministry do ? It seeks to excite the fears of
its partisans, and encourage them to defensive acts; but it
does not trouble itself in the slightest degree about the causes
which have led to this social disorganization, er seek to
ameliorate the condition of the laborious classes, amongst
whom complaint becomes agitation, and almost conspiracy,
Is it possible to pursue a more senseless line of conduct,
and how little the head of the Conservative party in France
resembles Sir Robert Peel, whom he affects to take for his
model! 0.

FRANCE.—SMOKING IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES.—
The French railway companies have universally adopted
measures for pretesting passengers from smoking in the car-
riages, and notices proWbiting smoking are placarded in
every tta.- Numerous complaints have been made to
the corn by tremßass accustomed to smoke en route,
especial y • le any extent. To conciliate the in-
terests or , r are being constructed by the
different smokers, in which every precaution
is taken • fipm taking fire.
MAR: QUEEN OP SPAIN AND HER
SISTER. -. • Di-bals makes the following re-
marks in . e marriage of the Queen of Stain
and her sista* •• a high encomium upon the minister
who conducted the negotiations on the part of France :
" The marriage of the Queen of Spain and her sister with
two princes of the house of Bourbon, is an event, the im-
portance of which all the sophisms in the world, and all the
inventions of excited envy in not bating contributed towards
its accomplishment, cannot diminish in the slightest degree.
For Europe it is a great political fact, and for France an event of
great national interest. Of the two marriages, the one which
touches us particularly, that of the Infanta with the Duke
of Montpensier, is in fact a pledge of the complete
reconciliation between France and Spain. It re-establishes
that traditional intimacy which untoward events had so
unhappily severed. To-day we may fearlessly say, for
nearly half a century there was a blank in the history of
France and Spain. The bonds framed by nature ■nd
strengthened by the sympathies of religion and policy, re-
ceived a severe blow from the imperial invasion. A hand
can never be laid with impunity on the liberties of a people,
or its national independence. The fact cannot be denied ;
those remembrances rankled for a long time in the breasts
of the Spaniards. No better remedy could have been found
to efface the last traces of them, and to bring about the com-
plete reconciliation of the two nations than the happy alliance
which has just been decided on. The union of the Infanta of
Spain with the son of the King of the French, will we are sure
be as a seal of oblivion for the unpleasant recollections of the
past, and will be the last chapter of that unhappy era. The
Pyrenees will still exist, but those moral barriers, more for-
midable than a mountain range, will have been removed.
At no period could this reconciliation have been effected
under more promising auspices. There was a time, and
that time is not far back, whealrennill not have taken•place
in so complete a manner. When the only strength of Spain
consisted an eendering revolutions, when all her energies
were consumed in revolts, and she gave an example to the
world of a state of anarchy, the source of which might be
traced to her own laws, France could not have identified
herself so closely with her without to a certain extent becoming
answerable fora state of things contrary to her own institutions,
to her own policy and to the principles of her government.
It is a great advantage for France to acquire thus new ties
with a country where order is taking a firmer footing each

<.

day, and wheamaisraloce was maths. ea denim kmasam
resource,. Comm* will naturally walk kit the OW
policy and Spain is destined to bosom este oldie great mar.
k of
ete ft. our prods.", We do nee aim to my Mt France
has either the whit e e the preemie& to exercise exclusive
influence Mega* ar to prole by dm minas alletted hip by
nature to isolate ether irss. Even when =Mb closely
united to us, Spin dem net the Is. sands her perfect free-
dom of actianinE=rds her other Wise; she is not the lees
completely t in all her transactions with Mara
From only to tighten, in Spain, the bands become
natural end nememy by the proximity of the two countries
—Metaled traditions and the relationship of the reigning
families ; but she does not 101 k 10 mate for herself, in other
respects, any species of monopoly or exclusive preponder-
ance."
THE ENTENTE CORDIALE.—In the month of May,
1845, Captain Cousin, of the French schooner the Roland,
I whilst at Gaboan, on the coast of Africa, was infoitned that
the mate of an English vessel had been traitorously add to
the natives, andvras in slavery. He immediately interned
the commandant of Fort Aumale, whosucceeded in °betides
the freedom of the Englishman, who was found chained is
a cave, and nearly dead from fever and sickness. Ca.*
Cousin applied in vain to the masters of two English eamis
to take their unfortunate countryman back to his Mites
counby, and then, with the consent of his crew took the
sick man on board his own vessel, clothed him and fed
him, and conveyed him to Ham, whence he _was
forwarded to England by the British consul. These facts
having come to the knowledge of the English Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs, were communicated to the Admi-
ralty board, and a short time after Capt. Cousin was pre-
sented with a magnificent telescope, set in silver, in a maho-
gany case, bearing, as well as the different pieces of the
instrument, the following inscription : " Presented to Capt.
Cousin by the British Admiralty Board in acknowledgmeo'
of his humane conduct."

---- -----
DEATH OF M. JOEY, THE POET.—We observe
in the Paris papers an account of the funeral of M. Jolly,
the poet, and member of the French Academy, whose death
took place about a week since. The works by which he was
best known were his tragedies of "La Vestale," and
" and, at a later period, the series of sketched called
" L'Ermite tie la Chamois d'Autin," and " L'Ertnite en
Province." He began his career in the army, in which he
continued till he was thirty years of age, when he retired, on
account of his wounds, and devoted himself for the remainder
of his life to literature. He was in the seveaty-sixth year of
his age. His funeral was attended by the poet Beraoger,
Messrs. Dupaty, Patin, and Tissot, of the French Academy ;
Alexandre Dumas, Poujoulat, Philarke Chaska, Hypohte
Bis, and several of his old companions in arms and colleagues
in literature.

BOOLOGNE.—The remains of Mr. Barry, of the
Marine Hotel, Boulogne, well known for his activity and
skill in the management of newspaper expresses, and to
whom our own owed much of their celerity, were borne to
the cemetery of Boulogne, a few days ago, attended by the
National Guard, the crew of the Outline, and many friends.
Hosts, Auo. 30.—The Prince de Joinville is hereex-
this evening. He is appointed by the king, his
retchtiec
r, it is reported, on a special mission to the Pope. He
is to return to Naples on the let September.
GERMANY.—BERLIN, SEPT. 3.—lt is said that the
King of Prussia has given formal orders that the trial of the
?ersons implicated in the late events in Poland is to take
place publicly and by oral pleading, and the debates are to
be published in the journals. This measure will have a
beneficial influence oa public opinion in Europe.
THE ZOLLVEREIN. A Hamburg journal, the
Boersenhalle, states that the Zollverein has completely-
failed in its negotiations with the United States of America.
The government of Washington has disapproved of the
treaty proposed, as disadvantageous and inefficient. At the
Urania it was equally unsuccessful, the negotiators not
having been able to come to an understanding even on the
basis for the treaty.

Zbe Court.
The Queen and Prince Albert took their accustomed
early walk yesterday in the pleasure-grounds of Osborne
House.

Mr. Aglionby, M.P., and a deputation on the sub-
ject of emigration, had an interview with the Chancellor
of the Exchequer yesterday in Downing-street.
Mr. Laing, from Berbiee, had an interview with
Earl Grey yesterday at the Colonial-office.
Le Commandeur Marques Liskoa, the Brazilian
Minister, transacted business yesterday at the Foreign-office.
The Hight Hon. George Dawson, Deputy-Chairman
of the Customs, had an interview with the Chancellor of
the Exchequer yesterday.
Despatches from the Governor of the Mauritius
were received yesterday at the Colonial-office.
The Earl of Clarendon arrived in town yesterday-
from Grove Park, Herts.
KINDNESS OF HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS
or KENT.—The wife of a serjeant, named Robinson, who
was thrown from • baggage wagon, as it was proceeding
from Windsor to London, and whose infant was unfortu-
nately killed, was compelled to remain at the inn at Frog-
more from her injuries. Intimation of the lamentable occur-
rence having reached the Duchess of Kent, her royal high-
ness immediately sent instructions to the inn, that the poor
woman was to have every necessary comfort and accommo-
dation provided for her at the duchess's expense. The pro-
fessional services of Mr. Holderness, surgeon, of Windsor,
was also defrayed by her royal highness. The expense of the
funeral of the child was also defrayed by the duchess. The
poor woman, who has since been enabled to leave Frogmore,
to join her husband at the Tower, has expressed herself
deeply grateful.

(From last Night's Gazette.)
WAR OFFICE, Wier. n.
7th Light Dragoons—Lieut. J. M. Resort to be capt, by put., Viet
Wylldhalll, who ret. ; Cor. F. U. Cooper to be lieut., by pur. ; C. F.
C. Colmore to be oar., by pur.
13th Light Dragoons—Lieut. J. E. Haddocks to be amt., by pur.,
vice Nicholson ; Cur. J. M. Clements to be lieut., by put. ; Cm. F. F.
W. Harvey to be lieut., by pur., vice Allgood, who ret. ; A. Try.
mayne to be cur., by pur. ; Sir 11. IL Edwurdes, Bart, to be cur.,
by pur.
Scots Fusilier Guards—Ens. and Lieut. F. Ilaygarth to be sclit,
vice Murray, who res. the adjutancy only.
Ist Regiment of Foot—Staff-Slug., of the sec. clam, A. Knox, M.D.,
to be surg., vice Carson, who ex.
54th I.—Ens. W. Marriott to be quartermaster, nice .1. Wilton, who
ret. upon h.-p.
68th F.--Capt. R. G. Johnston, from the Royal Canadian Rifle Regt,
to be capt., vice Hill, who exch.
95th F.—Llent. J. H. Carew to be rapt., by pur., vice Baines, who
ret. ; Ens. J. N. Sargent to be lieut., by par. ; O. C. Taylor to be ens.,
by pur.
Rifle Brigade--Capt. A. J. Lawrence to be major, by pur., vice Sul-
livan, prom. ; Lieut. C. Pollen to be cant., by pur. • Sec. Lieut. the
lion. O. Elliot to be first lieut., by pur. ; W. W. Knight to be sec.
lieut., by pur.
3rd NI est India Itegt.—W. Brown to be assiet-surg., vice Thomann,
app. to the 8.-th F.
Royal Canadian Rifle Regt.--Capt. P. Hill, from the 68th P., to be
rapt., vice Johnston, who exch.
Srarr.—Paymaster A. Thompson, from 11.-p. 81st F., to be pay-
master of a recruiting dist, site Storey, dec.
liosertat Srarr.--Surg. W. Carson, M.D., from the Ist F., to be
staff.aurg. of the sec. ChM, aloe Knox, who exch.; D. O'Eeilly Clay-
ton. M.D., to be assist-surg., vice Traquair, who res.
Caarracaxa.—ldsjor W. Sullivan, from the Ride Brigade, to be
ileuL-coL . _ _

COMMIS IMIAT.—Tbe commimion of Mr. M. Baiky, as an Assistant
Commissary-General, has been cancelled from the 25th Jul; 1846, in-
clusive, he haring been permitted to receive a commutation in lieu of
the ludf-psy of his rank.
Mwroasnuesr.—Lient-001. W. E. Jackson, on h..n. of the RA.,
has been permitted to retire from Inc army, with the role of a lieut.-
colonelcy, he being about to become a settler inNova Scotia.

ENLARGEMENT OF A PUBLIC NUISANCE.—A num-
ber of houses at the eastern end of Smithfield, at the back of
Charterhouse-lane, are now being demolished ; the space
occupied by them being required for the enlargement of
Smithfield cattle market.

EFFECT OP ItAiLways.—The whole of the coach-
yard and stabling of the celebrated Bell and Crown inn,
Holborn, is now being converted into dwelling-houses.
ACCIDENTB.—Lest evening, between 5 and 6 o'clock,
as Henry Beveridge, a drayman in the service of Mr. Free-
man, of the Union Brewery, Lambeth-walk, was returning
home with a dray on which there was some casks, the horse,
! a very powerful animal, became restive, and plunged for-
ward with fearful velocity. In his progress two children,
named Frances Caroline Watts and Sarah Sayers, the former
eight and the latter two years of age, were knocked down,
and Watts killed upon the spot. The second wan so severely
injured that it is very doubtful whether she could outlive the
night. Beveridge had an exceedingly narrow escape from
being crushed, and was obliged to let go the infuriated
animal. The horse proceeded at a dangerous rate towards
Kennington-cross, but was secured before causing further
I;l:.—Yesterday a young man in the service of Mr.
jigger , a greengrocer, in Marsham-street, Westminster,
took his master's horse and cart into the river at the Horse-
ferry-dock, Millbank, for the purpose of w fishing it. He
allowed the horse to go out of its depth, when it began kick-
ing and plunging and threw him out of the cart. He was
rescued from a watety grave by a waterman. The poor ani-
mal struggled nard for life, but it cAld not get free from the
cart. Several persons tried to get the horse and cart ashore,
but in vain, and at last the exhausted animal was drowned.

FINE FOR CONTEMPT OF THE CORONERS COURT.

—Yesterday, at an inquest held at the Elephant and Castle,
Camden-town, the summoning officer reported to Mr. I
Wakley that an eggealesman, named John George Wick-
ham, had repeatedly refused, though properly summoned, to
serve in the Coroner's Court as juror. He did so again on
Thursday evening when summoned to attend the present
inquest. Mr. Wakley swore the officer to the truth of his
statement, and said that he should not discharge his duty
towards those jurors who served, if be did not punish one
who refused to serve in so refractory a manner. He should
fine him 405., azd, when the proper notice was served upon
him, if he did not pay the fine. proceedings of a more serious
nature would be taken against him. It was the first fine he
had inflicted since his occupation of office.
INQUESTS HELD YESTERDAY.—By Mr. Wakley,
M.P., at the University College Hospital, on the body of
Benjamin Watling, aged 27, a builder's labourer. On Wed-
nesday last, whilst deceased was sitting on the parapet of
the mansion, No. 49, Chester-terrace, Regent's-park, steady-
ing a ladder for a plasterer at work, he lost his balance, and
full to the ground, a distance of 70 feet. He was picked up
insensible and taken to that hospital, in which he shortly
afterwards expired from fracture of the spine caused by the
fall—By the same Coroner, at the Elephant and Castle, just
by the St. Pancras workhouse, on the body of James Roberts,
ostler
aged 47, lately an at the Brecknoek Arms, Camden-
town. On the night of Tuesday fortnight, deceased whilst
not sober, fell through the trap-door of his master's hayl9ft,
and injured his head so severely'that a succession of fits
ensued, in one of which deceased died in the St. Pancras
infirmary, on Wednesday. Verdict in each case, " Acci-
dental Death."—By Mr. Bedford, at the Green Man, Bet
wick-street, Oxford-street, on the body of Mary Ann Burt

aged 30. The &mesa was servant
account of her firegpslar and drunken t
her place. She was vary unwilling to
times was heard to austere, that sh
house alive. She made two unsuccen
life, and a third attempt on Satur
that day she drank sixpeausyworth of
had purchased in pennyworths at did',
from the effects 4E Wednesdey. Verdi
mnity."—Abo •by Mr. Bedford, i
Horses, Flood elm* Westminster,
John Brown, age 4 twenty-eight,
ployed at the new Houses of Parlia
was mentioned in the Express of
peered that the box or hod which 1
severely wounded another labourer, fi
50 feet, from striking against a gii:dei
bathed from the rope. A conversation
the coroner and jury, respecting the da
without springs, and Mr. Smith, Maw
foreman, stated that since the accide
current*, hooks with springs had been a
lass. Verdict, l" Accidental Death."—l
at the Brown Bear, Bridge-street, St. Ss
respecting the death of Mr. John Back,
deceased was a clerk in the service of
statianer, &c., who died suddenly or
while sitting at the desk. The surged[
apoplexy. Verdict, " Death from mum

THE BATTLE-FIELDS ON 7
THE SIITLEJ.
(From an article on "The Countries bet
the Jumna," in the last number of the
From the earliest times, going back to
dition, these plains have been the battle
is here and in the country immediately
site banks of each river, that the tights o
have been fought. Who shall venture ti
rich valley of the Ganges has been loe
plains ?—how often the conqueror from
blished on the threshold of India, has
irresistible master of the riches and resou
beyond ? From the days of Alexander
Singh, the tide of conquest has flowed ti
bringing down a succession of the hardy
of the west to colonise and deteriorate
influence of the east—once, and once only
ages, has the order of things been reverse
has beheld the often-conquered Hindoo
plaios in triumph a sufficient trophy fro:
first, the most tenatical and still most hat
medan conquerors. • •
We now pass over, in a breath, a perio
tunes; how many. dynasties may have r
that period, if Indian dynasties were then
vicissitudes to which they have since b
have no landmark to direct us, no ray of 1
attention, between the days of the son of
of Sebukhtegin. We may conclude that
India, if not free from internal broil, was
by foreign invaders. We give up that pe
Live supporter of the Buddhistic and Bra
This must have been the time
structures were raised which still ae
the Hindoo people were governed by I
own rue and religion; it must ha
when the temple was crowded with 1,11
shrine heaped with rich presents: these
old days, to which the pious must still leo'
when kine were not killed, and when Br
shipped through the land ! But a bitter, at
a fanatical enemy to the creed of Brahma,
down to wood and stone, had sprung Mt
deserts of Arabia. The fiery tenets of Mai
citated the slumbering energy of the ram
once great and powerful between the I
Mediterranean, and sent forth hordes of
to conquer and die in the name of the Al
visible and the eternal. From the straits c
west to the mountains which overhang th
Oxus to the Nile—the sons of Islam o
opposed them. • •
.But the Sikh—the detested Sikh—no
no royal cities mark the era of his supr
lotion, ruin, sad destruction, have ever b
of his creed, both religious and politics
ing the cities and sacking the towns h
delight, and the wide extent of ruins that
many a former metropolis testify how we
his destroying mission. A wretched r
spot where the cruelty of the oppressor wa
hind after the lapse of a century, and a h
city was sacked and levelled to the gro
fanatics. Even to this day the pious Siuf
is performing a religious duty in convey'
of the Ganges one brick from the ruins
hand of whose impious rulers the wife an
last of the Writs was inhumanly murdered
As described in the foregoing pages con
nection with the Sikh. With a part of tb
tared into treaties of friendship; over a p.
mantle of our protection and included t
limits of our empire. It has been often n
princes of India, with whom we have col
have none of them boasted of dynasties ex
ther than the commencement of the pi
Many, such as Holkar, Scindia, and Hyder
successful military adveturers ; others such
the Dekhan and the Vizier of Oude, we
empire of Delhi, who had taken advent"
to assert their independence. But the]
resemblance in the history of the Sikh peop
own Indian empire. Both were created un
fluences, and the crisis of their fates happ