The Express.
London, England, 1851-06-10 00:00:00

2 •

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RION WATILD AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tee thor—Marniag. I Ili. lift Mimeo% 111. els.
To-reasow—ltarskar ILL Om Alternate. 120. its.

LONDON, TUESDAY, JUNE 10.

Tits people of England must be their own finan-
elem. We have frequently said so, nor can it be
repeated too often. Let any one read what has taken
place in the House of Commons apropos of the
nomination of Mr. Humes Committee, and then
judge whether the House of Commons, or its leading
statesmen, arc to be trusted with the zealous and
sincere management dutch •question as the Income-
tax. There is no one question that so deeply and
intimately concerns the public, and every member
of it.
The interest of the country is, that there should
exult some source or bans of direct taxation
equable and just. The landlord class are, however,
averse to direct taxation, unless such a law of direct
taxation as the window-tax, seven-eighths of which
would fall upon towns. And their object is, either
to abolish the income-tax, or else to preserve it with
all its inequalities and abuses, so that tho commer-
cial classes may be as disgusted with it as them-
seirsi, and so its repeal be demanded by an %mai-
rnous outcry.
That each will be the fate of the income-tax and
direct taxation, no one can have a doubt, if such
men as Sir CDARLKS WOOD retain the management
of the national fineness. Sir CHARLES WOOD has
but ono idea at present, that of conciliating the
country !laity, and reconciling them to free-trade.
The it isteri.une never gets up, but to cast an
imploring look to that side of the house, to
venture an amendment to please it, or utter
a supplication to implore) it. Sir CDARLES
is a squire, and he looks and thiuks
like a squire that had sinned against the rules of his
fraternity, but who would do and sacrifice anything
to recover caste. Such a Chancellor as that could
norm set about the re-adjustment of the income-tax
with impartiality, judgment, or courage. If Purr
and if PYAL successively despaired of an equitable
adjustment of the income-tax, it was not that the
respective natures of lifo property and perm-
seen property were nut easily measured and
adjusted; but that the interests of the one were
so predominant in parliament to that of the
other, that they dam not think of bringing forward
such an adjustment as right and fairness suggested.
Parr was at the mercy of his war majority, and
abandoned many excellent clauses of his Income-Tax
Bill to please them. Pr.r.t. promised Tory and land-
lord ascendency, at a time when he gut that interest
to submit to the income-tax, even as it is. And
when his fiscal policy aimed et depriving the landed
interest of its great and unient privileges, quite
enough was then the taak, aim, and policy of ono
administration.

If we luau at present a CHANCELLOR of the I?z-
-tItrart:R fur more feeble than his great predecui-
ears, we have, on the other hand, a public fur more
alive, or fur more capable of being alive, to financial
equity and wisdom. The propertied chums domi-
nate in parliament; and very. natural that they
should. Hut as these champions of permanent
property owe their power to the votes of the indus-
trious thousands, who have other interests, there are
ample modes, especially on the evu of a general elm-
lbw, fur reminding int.mbers of parliament, present
and future, that they must think less of their own
class, mid more of the class of their constituent/4.

For this purpose there ought to be Financial
IG•tnnn Asauciations in every town. There is no
need of their having radical ones, if the temper of
the townfolk be such as to be willing to collect in-
formation and express opinions on financial ques-
tions, without embarking at the same time in another
and a wider political struggle. What is desirable is
to enlist the real and efforts of the middle classes
towards obtaining ample information and a just view
a our financial resources and possibilities.
We are most anxious for electoral reform, and we
doubt exceedingly if much call be done in financial
reform without it. Still, if electoral reform, when
mingled with such words as universal suffrage and
tinged with a colour of Chartism, if this alarms the
great body of English townfolk, it would bo far
wiser to keep the electoral and the financial questions
apart, than dispense with the aid of timid and
moderate awn in the financial struggle.
It may be said that this was tried, and with no
marvellous success, by Nome of the financial reformers
in Liverpool ; and they fared not the better for
avoiding the electoral or political question. This
may be. But thechief object of Mr. itOBEIVNON GLAD-
irromen and his friends' inquisition into finance,
was to point out those same abuses which radical
politicians naturally dwelt on; and the result was,
that they wen• joined cordially by no party, and
were eimmiderably vilipended by both.
But what is now wanting, both on the questions of
electinal and of financial reform, is larger informa-
tion, ample materials, real fathoming and compre-
hensive grasping of both questions, without making
uw• of them fur party purposes, or turning either to
diatribe or to personal questions. It is quite vain
for the most rational, moderate, or even retrograde,
to hope to stop or much retard the movement for
electoral reform. Justice and the equiponderance of
interests, and the contentment of intelligent and in-
dustrious mares, demand it. And when such men
as the mover of the first Reform Bill indicate the
necestity fur a second, this cannot be gainsayed or
stoppal.
But in this, as in financial reform, facts will speak
fur themselves; and these can be attained, and
proved, and brought forth to the public only by the
exertion of a large portion of the intevested commu-
nity setting their shoulders to the wheel, and dealing
with the franchise and with the income-tax as the
corn laws were dealt with.

If the public intelligence be not enlightened, pub-
lic resolve matured, public vigilance concentrated, no
=blister will either entertain the desire, or acquire
the power, to do anything. Lord JOHN RCS-SELL
and his reform will be kicked out of place and par-
liament by the Lords. Aud Sir CUARLES WOOD will
continue grimacing, and complimenting the country
gentlemen, and calling everything that is just and
popular impossible, unless he or whoever is in his
place, have the screw of public opinion put upon
them, and the 'anthem of public intelligence held
full in his face.
Governments hitherto were teams that trotted
along from very pride, with rare need of the whip.
Governments arc now the locomotive engines that
have superseded the team, and which will never
budge till the steam is laid on, and will never go
elm jest in proportion to the impelling farce.
And the public is now the only political steam-
generator.

Ise the managers of the (kneel Screw Navigation
Company are prudent, they will try to screw a little
emus= muss and common civility into the masters of
their vessel. Twice have the general public been kept
in • state of uneasy excitement with respect to the state
of Wain in South Africa, by the pranks of these
worthies. Twice has the oilier in command of the
packet of the company refused to communicate the
news from the Cape to the packet of the Royal Mail
Compare which he met at St VIDOSOCO, from a
hiltry ' to allow any other to forestall
m; and twice, in coneequenoe, has the Royal Mail
Company's camel brought intelligence that news, of
what nature was unknown, was coming from the
Cape. We cannot for a moment suppose that the
intelligent and respectable BIESI4IIIII of the Gemmel
Screw Company can have sail or done anything
to warrant such conduct on the wt
of their servants.l2lll= nest be aware that
as servants of the public more as in remipt
government aid), it is their deity to take advan-
tage d e very opportunity to forward intelligesee
without '

community . _
give it a skier publicity.
The little that pertinacious inquiries en the part
of the crew and passengers of the Teriot could ex-
tract from the crew of the Sir Robert Peel (reten-
tive and taciturn as its great namesake) is not of a
very emnfortabie character. Sir Halm Sitrrn, it
is reported, was at the date of the last despatches
from the frontier, barely able to keep his own; he
could not advance, and was merely gentling out oets-
sional detachments to tarry on a partisan warfare;
and he was anxiously looking for reinforcements
from Fngland. Papers to the 16th of April re-
ceived yesterday from the Cape render it highly pro-
bable that the news despatched on the 2nd of May
would wear this ugly complexion.
It is impossible to reed some of the more recent
manifestoes issued by Sir HENRY Swim without en-
lortaning fears that his judgment is giving way
under the combined influence of mortified vanity, a
painful sense of responsibility, and misgivings as tie
I his ability to extricate himself creditably from the
dilemma into which he has plunged. A " Memo-
random" dated at King William's Town, the 31st
of March, was published in our columns yaba*sy,
and to it we refer in support of this imprimis& It
contains, " perhaps," says the canny ceps el Sir
HENRY in the Cape press, " all that the timasmander-
in-chief thinks it prudent to publish at glut" It
contains, in fact, some incoherent andlncompre-
hensible allusions to some wonderful plot, which
Sir HENRY says he has discovered; and every
man of common sense will admit Sir HENRY
ought either to have said more, or to have said
nothing about the matter. The truth is, Sir
IILtRY Sitivn, a general favourite wherever ho
I had served from his frank and cordial manners,
aspired considerable reputation for the courage,
granptitude, and success with which he carried into
elket the orders of his superior officer in the war
against the Kaffir chief Hl,ire. His reputation
was raised still higher by his exploits at Aliwal.
But this latter distinction inspired him with an
ambition to 21-apieruse, and under this fatal delusion
he has done nothing since his return to South Africa
but play melodrama and commit blunders. The
mortifying effects of his ill-success in attempting to
make himself a double of the hero of Scinde in
Katfirland may account for the incoherence of the
note to which we have referred.

However this may be, it is clear from the Cape
news up to the 16th of April, the war in Kaffirland
was not only being spun out, but was spreading on
all hands. More Kaffir chiefs were giving in their
accession to the war party in British l(affraria, and
the disturbances on the north-eastern frontier among
the Tambookies were becoming more alarming,
whilst the whole of the Orange River Sovereignty
appeared to be convulsed. The jealousy entertained
of Hottentot conspiracies in the eastern districts of
the colony was also (with or without reason) pal-
pably on the increase; and there appears to have
been good grounds for apprehending that marauding
hands of Kathie were beginning to swarm across the
frontier. _ .

...
To mar apprehension, not the least alarming part
of the intelligence last received from the Cape is the
riot at Graham's Town on the arrival of the clergy-
man appointed to visit and inspect the missions of
the Scotch Secession Church in South Africa. The
disturbance does not appear to have been of a very
serious character, bat it indicates a state of great ex-
asperation between that party of the colonists which
has always been for adopting a sanguinary policy
against hostile native tribes, and the more
humane who have sided with the missionaries. Wo
are free to confess that the latter have often ap-
peared to us to mistake a maudlin nervous sensi-
tiveness for humanity; and that the mischievous re-
sults of the policy which they induced government
to adopt has naturally irritated the border settlers,
who suffered byit. But the revulsion in public opinion
which has thus been occasioned appears in danger of
carrying men as far in the extreme of harshness as
it was for a time the fashion to go in that of
leniency. To deal with uncivilised tribes as if they
were wild beasts, and to deal with them as if they
were mild philosophers, are equally dangerous errors;
but the former is if anything the more discreditable
and the more mischievous of the two.

It is enough at present to direct attention to this
topic; to %peculate further on the aspect of affairs on
the frontier of the Cape colony, when a few hours
must bring us more recent and more detailed intelli-
gence, would be sheer waste of time.

A secoNto report of the new Charity Commission
appointed to revise the reports of the old Charity
Commissioners, whose labours were either quietly
reposing in about a tun of blue books, or giving
sluggish and costly employment to the Court of
Chancery, has been issued. In itself it is a meagre,
insufficient, and unsuggestive document, little worthy
of the names appended to it. But its own defects
and shortcomings are somewhat compensated for by
two appendices, and by the draught of a bill " For
facilitating and better securing the due Administra-
tion of Charities in England and Wales," which
Lord Chancellor Tst•tto has already introduced into
the House of Lords, but with the details of which
we are not yet acquainted._
- - - - -

One appendix contains the particulars of thirteen
cases requiring, in the commissioners' opinion, the
intervention of the AITORNET-GENERtL and a court
of law, either to enforce the better administration of

existing trusts or to lay down more useful schemes
for the application of the property than the existing
trusts direct. Whilst the other appendix furnishes
a synopsis of a long string of cases illustrative of
those defects and abuses for which a legislative rather
than a judicial remedy is required.
These appendices will, no doubt, prove exceedingly
valuable in rousing public opinion on the subject of
the large amount of charity property which still re-
mains either positively misapplied or is applied in a
trivial, profitless, and mischievous way. And though
doubtless the first object is, and ought to be, the
preservation of this property and its rescue from
misuse (as, of course, is aimed at in the bill prepared
by the commissioners), we do not think that they
would have trespassed much beyond the bounds of
their commission, if they had considered on a large
and comprehensive smile the propriety of laying
down some general principles for the application of
the surplus revenues which, in so many eases will,
under improved administration or under stricter ad-
hereon to existing trusts, remain after the spe-
cific objects of the foundation have been amply ful-
filled, and had thereby endeavoured to arrest the
enormousamount of legal expenditure now involved in
all informations at the suit of the ArroasEr-
GENERSL, and in suits carried on in the name of
that public functionary on the relations of private
persons ; the latter being probably the very worst
form in which a misused charity can be reformed,
and which is, as several cases referred to by the
commissioners show, sometimes fraudulently resorted
to for the purpose of preventing the reformation of
abases.

the intention of the founders must always
w Therth be practicable be fully provided for in the
reform of chanties, it is not, in the application of the
sorplan remaining after it shall have been secured, to
be overlooked that, in many CMS, the growth of
misty and of political economy, a higher appreciation
et public duty, a better administration of the
par law, and the application to charitable
and humane and military purposes of the
groat prissiplo which distingwahas modern times
—diet d vidwatery oontributiono—have in this
sso supple& mak better institutions for the
minuteman 411111 , the mecum of old age, and
theroast d than any further develop-1
mat el dims eld Isawilatises can furnish. It were,
thmshooos a general rile, a waste of power and of
aims to emote by the army of their surplus reve-
als* adillitsal almshouse, other medical hospitals,
spil sew reaglasho !Rdecayed gentlemen ; for
Sem wants misty NOW greatly provides for by its
usimilnry exertions, Ore and the greatest at all
moini wants is yet, however, most insufficiently
; and that is education ; and to it, we
- • charities

masters; and the misters having thc; patronage
the brethren.
The income of this foundation is now nearly
1,5001. a year, and its
.property would, " if properly
let, produce a certain annual income of 3,0001. a
year; the present system of leasing, for the con-
tinuance of which there does not seem to be
any reason, being, add the Commissioners
" certainly injurious to the charity." Of the income,
labout 2501. only is applied in the maintenance of the
brethren, and repairs and other incidental expenses;
and the master (at present a non-resident la ),
after paying 40/. a year to a chaplain and more
to a steward, takes the balance for his own tare.
This, of course, is a case which a court of law will,
when the ATIORNEY-OVIZRAL takes the neessrary
steps, correct. But how? To enlarge the establish-
ment would at best only benefit a score or two of
other old men ; while, to devote the surplus income
to educational purposes, would civilise and improve
the surrounding country. And to this point we
venture to think the commissioners might very use-
fully have devoted a little attention.
The case of Archbishop. HOLOATS'S Hospital at
Hemsworth, in Yorkshire, is an instance of another
species of abuse, where, also, a large surplus might
bo secured for education; or, with the addition
thereto of the other property left by the Archbishop
fora free grammar school in that parish, there are
means almost to found a university there. The
Archbishop first founded an hospital for a muster and
twenty brethren and sisters, fixing their stipends,
and restricting their rates of increase, as the value of
the property augmented. The present income is
now upwards of 2,3001. a year ; and it is divided
in certain proportions between the master and
the twenty brethren and sisters. The latter get 04/.
a year each, and to persons in their station of life
such an income is found to be unnecessarily and mis-
chievously large—in fact, a mere waste of money.
But the same Prelate left also considerable property
for a free grammar school in the same parish, in the
administration of which abuses are strongly sus-
pected to exist. Now here, if these two means were
united, after the maintenance of 20 poor persons had
been properly provided for, it is clear that a large in-
come exists, sufficient to provide education for all the
neighbourhood.
So, also, there are the Crewe estates, in Northam-
berland, worth upwards of 10,000. a year, with spa-
cific charges thereon under 1,5001. a year, at press
frittered and trifled away by the dignitaries of Dur-
ham Cathedral; in Hampshire, there is the fine pre-
, perty belonging to St. Cross; at Chatham, there is a
large property belonging to the Old Leper Rano
in Lincolnshire, there is the Mere Hospital In
short, there is scarcely a county in England where
considerable funds might not be rescued out of old
foundations, with worn-out objects, for education, if
we only had a government bold enough to take:
this great subject irrhand.

nothing for feiauining
America had re • / cony,
. vanished • antj
the republic becante eternalt
to do the same, and the result
same. Therefore he was• the
courageous revision of some articles of
The exclusion of the President 'from
die meet way to incline a people,
, restrietion, to elect him. He wanted,
severity, an indestructible guarantee
tint , would not be need as a pretence for the
subversion of the republic. That guarantee was the
restoration of universal suffrage. He would vote
for revision; but only en the condition of abrogating
the law of May.

JUNE 10,

r e 1 fr

•
THE EXPRESS, 'TUESDAY EVIMIRG.
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It on board of that vessel dapßeatei of apky
to Contra • ,• • - . to
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his possession. That &propeller ea • ~. i the 44,. MO witili tutlem 1 arn* Pll_,
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edit on it; that the propel • built fallible gig ibr. o7' , is, it s, as, kmattion in Let loam dare b
editerranean, and only mak _employed a iikenty. \CC 1 • ...- Mined Oratho Capita ,• I would 'be the si
e Cape line, should be beaten by the week staineil was origin Ily founded in the thirteeath century ; advocate of a coup{
an old company, is nothing to be ashamed of ; bat but, the Reformation interfering with its objects, it the constitution. Tit
ee though the event were discreditable to the was reeonelitated by Lures I. Under that inonareh's te-e•gib~ility was th
moral Svrew Company, the disappointment of the statutes it consists of a master and thirteen poor who disdained restri
mmnnity by the non-arrival of news would only brethrai r the Ilishopsfof Dtlirfai ippotnting the however, full marl
masters: and the masters having the patronage of that revision would