The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-18 00:00:00

account of capital advanced sweep off any conceiv-
able profits on its hire, in the shapo of discount, and
commissions, and interest. The species of investment
we recommend may be absolutely removed out of the
possible operation of bad debts. It is the formation
of high roads for traffic and travel on a scale adequate
to the wants of so vast a population as we govern
thron4hout British India. What then can be the
objection to,or distaste for, thisemployment ofeapital,
so powerful as hitherto to have utterly failed in in-
ducing Europeans or natives to adopt it ? The real
answer we believe to be, that some two or three years
must elapse before returns could be realised. And
on the part of private individuals in such a country as
British India, this is, for many reasons, by no means
a slight or ill-founded objection. The term of human
life there, on any reasonable average, is short, under
even the most favourable circumstances. Men do not
object to sow their money grain, that their own de-
scendants may reap fortunes from it; but still they
choose to judge for themselves of the goodness of the
soil to be selected, and the course of management to
be adopted. The political and military convulsions of
late years, howe-er succeasfully they have been appeased
or extinguished by our policy and our arms, are not
calculated to add any element of confidence to the
feeling, with which the monied man of Calcutta, or
Benares, Madras, or Bombay, regards the proffered
inducements of a project that may begin to pay just
about the time that the exhausting influences of
climate on his constitution will be compelling him to
quit the southern provinces of Asia for the temperate
regions of Europe. It is not very surprising, there-
fore, that an English resident is prone to look upon a
share in any concern, the profits of which are to be so
clearly in abeyance fir a term of years, as if it were
a past-obit bond; or rather, perhaps, as a life assu-
rance policy, the proceeds of which must necessarily
be reserved for those who shall survive him.
If the expense of forming so many high-roads as
we contend are demanded by the reasonable claims of
our Indian subjects. be propounded as an insuperable
objection to the plan, we say, place on all produce
carried therein the smallest money toll. The trade
which the roads will open and maintain will
bear the toll. The myriads of people who will
frequent them will raise the aggregate of these
minute tolls to an enormous one. Between
200,000 and 300.000 natives pass every day, it
is calculated, in and out of Calcutta alone who form
no part of its resident population. But the question
of expense, after all, is not one that can be pleaded in
excuse of the British government for the neglect of
public works so essential to the development of do-
mestic trade, and the prosperity of those Asiatic sub-
jects towards whom the rule of our conduct has been
eloquently prescribed by a former governor-general,
This was the noble sentiment of the Marquis of
llssmicis, as expressed in his farewell address to the
students of the College of Fort William : " Benefit to
the governed has been the simple but efficacious
cement of our power. As long as the comforts and
the gratitude of the Indian people shall testify that
we persevere in that principle, so long may Heaveu
uphold the domination of Britain here [in India]--
and no longer."

We return to the subject of the trial for murder at
Honduras in October last, of which we published an
account on Wednesday, compiled partly from a colonial
paper, and partly from a private letter. Our object
is to draw attention to the extraordinary manner in
which the criminal law and police of that colony or
settlement appear to be administered.
About the end of July last, an affray took place at
night between Lieutenant CONNELL, ILA., and Mr.
SYMONS, a colonial official, on the one part, and sonic
Spanish fishermen on the other. As soon as it was
over, Mr. SYMONS went to the police station, and
desired the only policeman in attendance to ar-
rest a parcel of Spaniards who, he said, had beaten
him. There was nothing unusual in Mr. Svmoss's
appearance. While Mr. SYMONS was speaking
with the policeman, another person came up and
addressed that functionary in Spanish, which he does
not understand. This man had at the time received
a blow which fractured his 8411, of which he died
before two o'clock next day. Two parties who had
been quarrelling, in short, applied to the policeman at
the same time; and he, at the bidding of the apparently
uninjured English gentleman, locked up the poor
Spanish fisherman who had received a fatal wound.
At the bidding of Mr. SYMONS and Lieut. CONNELI„
the policeman immediately afterwards locked up
another Spaniard who jumped out of a fishing-boat,
when these gentlemen shoved off in another to go
alongside of it.
The cell in which the two Spaniards were locked
up by this complaisant policeman is thus described
by him :—" The cell is by itself; the floor is of
stone, the walls of brick. -It is very small. There
are three cells altogether of the same size.
They are about seven feet square. I have
put six prisoners into one of these at the same time."
On cross-examination he added: "The gate of the
gaol-yard is always left open at night. The cell was
not locked when Y took the Span:ards there. I bolted
them into the cell." The survivor of the two pri-
soners declared at the trial : " The cell in which we
were locked up was very small. It had a little open-
big. There was no air, but [l] felt the dampness of
the floor. There is an iron ring in the centre of the
cell." In this new edition of the black-hole of Cal-
cutta, the survivor declared he found ANTONIO
CRUZ [the deceased] lying down and hardly able to
move. About an hour after he was unable to speak.
I spoke to him, but he could not answer. I raised
bins to a sitting posture, and rubbed his stomach, and
called ANTONIO, ANTONIO, but he never replied. I
then called for assistance, but rio one came. At day-
light [what precedes happened about midnight], I
knocked at the door, and they opened it, and put me
in another place." The witness subsequently stated
that he " knocked very bard at the door during the
night for assistance."
We quote from the evidence of the surgeon of the
public hospital to show the extent of the injuries
which the man locked up, remote from aid, at the
request of the uninjured Mr. SYMONS, bad received,
and the state in which he was found in the morning :
" I found him lying on his back, on the flag-stone
floor ; his breathing was very laborious, and
pulse weak ; I found it impossible to arouse him ; he
was completely insensible. After making some re-
n arks, and expressing my surprise that a person in
'writ a state should be placed in so wretched a cell,
I strongly urged his removal to the hospital as speedily
as possible." At the post-mortem examination : "On
removing the upper part of the skull, the first remark-
able circumstance that presented itself was a large
accumulation of cxtravaaated blood. The extent of
the fracture was now more discernible: three bones
of the skull were involved in this fracture. The
parietal bone, which forms the upper and right side
of the head, the frontal bone, and the temporal bone."
As far as we can gather from the evidence, the par-
ties who gave the Spaniard into custody did not appear
next day to follow up any charge against them. From
the uneontradicted evidence for the prosecution it
appears that the affray took place on board the boat
of the Spaniards, which was moored to some stakes
twenty yards from the shore. We have not yet ex-
hausted the extraordinary features of that police sys-
tem under which the man, who had received a death-
wound, was locked up in the uncomfortable dog-hole
above described, on the ex parse accusation of an un-
injured assailant, who never appeared to follow up
his charge, and whose presence in the boat where
the fatal blow was given is not accounted for. The
policeman who locked him up was alone at the station
when he was given in charge: " the rest had gone
to walk," he said at the trial; yet he left the station
untenanted to go do Mr. SYmoes bidding.
The guilt or innocence of the parties who have
escaped, because, after sitting from Friday afternoon
till Monday, the jury could not agree upon a verdict,
is comparatively an indifferent matter. The heavy
grievance brought to light by the proceedings on this
trial is the lax state of police and penal law adminis-
tration at Belize. It is clear, from the evidence on
the trial, that the policeman held it his duty
at once to lock up any low fisherman against
whom a gentleman made a complaint. The
medical gentleman from whose evidence we have
quoted above, appears to have bad a similar inclination
to take the gentleman's side. He laboured hard to
make out that the man's death was not owing to the
severity of the blow, hut to the thinness of his skull :
" I have seldom, if ever, seen the bones in the head of
an adult so remarkably thin : and, consequently, they
could not have resisted violence offered to them to the
same degree as the bones of a skull more strongly
formed." A number of the jurymen appear to have
beer. quite agreed in sentiment with the noliceman

of the fatal blow was not denied, although no
proof of proooeation was offered.. The only
essential witnesses fotitthe defence were a lean
who did set state that the surviving Spaniard
had told bun that the deceased would not have died
had he not been locked up in the cell; and another,
who swore that he had been employed by two of the
witnesses to offer to leave the colony, if paid 400 dol-
lars each, but who admitted that he had put himself
in communication with Mr. SYMONS on the 27th of
September, and had only been engaged to make this
proposal on the Bth of October. Every detail of this
extraordinary trial shows that there is something
rotten in the institutions of Honduras. Wealth, offi-
cial rank, and family connexions appear to be 'Avenger
there than law or justice. The state of the settlement
calls loudly for inquiry on the part of our colonial
authorities.

Dn. Bowitixo and Mr. Howirr both spoke with
much eloquence and justice at the meeting of the
friends of Polish nationality, against the nefarious act
of the annexation of Cracow. They pointed out the
very great insecurity which had been thrown thereby
upon sovereign and independent rights throughout
Europe. Could those speakers but have glanced at
the state of feeling and anxiety which at present pre-
vails in the few remaining fn c towns of Germany,
they could have adduced proofs that this insecurity
was not of merely remote or general consequences,
but that it was imminently hurtful to German inde-
pendence and English trade.
The annexation of Cracow is felt in Germany as
the commencement of a general absorption of all the
free towns. The Hanse Towns are quite as great an
eyesore to Freesia, as Cracow to Russia and Austria.
And symptoms begin to show themselves, which lead
to the supposition that Prussia only consented to the
absorption of Cracow, an act greatly against Prussian
interests, as we shall show, on the condition that the
two Eastern Powers should not oppose Prussia's views
upon the Haase Towns.
An announcement that Prussia will allow the last
commercial treaty with England to expire without
renewal is confidently expected. With this expecta-
tion is joined the certainty that fresh negotiations
have been opened with the liaise Towns for their
adhesion to 'he Zollverein. After what has happened
at Cracow, these negotiations have much the air of
that kind of supplication used by the beggar of
" Gil Blas." And the Mimic Towns are really fright-
ened. Now, are England and Fiance to keep pout-
ing at each other, whilst Prussia treats Bremen and
Hamburg in a manner somewhat similar to that, in
which Austria has treated Cracow ? The first annex-
ation of the Ilanse Towns will no doubt ne com-
mercial, from which to political annexation is not a
very great stride.
We mentioned that the destruction of the inde-
pendence of Cracow has been injurious to the interests
of Prussia, and, therefore, implies that she must
have an equivalent. We might have added, that the
act is almost equally inimical to the trading interests of
England and of France. No sooner was the absorption
of Cracow consummated, than the manufacturers of
Silesia met in Breslau, and elected a deputation to pro-
ceed at once to Berlin, and lay before government the
immense injury wrought to them by such an act.
The Silesian manufacturers were in the habit
of sending merchandise annually to Cracow to the
value of from four to seven millions of dollars,
which passed by contraband chiefly into Austria,
but a portion into Polish Russia. The transit
of British and French commodities across Prus-
sia to Cracow for the same purpose was also of
great amount. Indeed ,it is the increase in our goods sent
to Germany fur transit, that has kept up our exports
to that country. The annexation of Cracow has com-
pletely put a stop to all this, and a crowd of Silesian
manuthcturera are on the eve of bankruptcy in conse-
quence.
Tke replies of the Prussian minister to the Silesian
deputation were noire in the extreme. lie declared
that he was not at all aware of this great trade, and
merely thought that a much less considerable quan-
tity was sent to Cracow, to be forwarded to Brody..
Moreover, the minister admitted that the convention
for absorbing Cracow had been so secretly concluded
that he, although a minister, knew nothing of it until
it had been acted on. But still the convention was not
complete; there still were reservations, and, conse-
quently, still time to introduce new• provisos that
might mitigate, or at least adjourn, the closing of so
important a market for Silesia as Cracow.
There cannot be a stronger proof than this same
naire ministerial reply, of the fact that in occupying
Cracow the three Powers were not fully resolved to
carry out the measure, had it been strenuously op-
posed by France and England. " The convention was
incomplete, there were reservations." By this time,
however, it is complete. The doom of Cracow is
sealed. And with it is sealed the loss of the commer-
cial independence of the Haase Towns, as well as the
greater part of our trade with Germany.

Our Paris correspondent writing on Tuesday says :
The general distress produced by the high price
of the inferior sorts of provisions, and by the
severity of the season, begins to be felt in Paris. The
disbursements of the savings' bank last week dou-
bled the amount of deposits ; the draughts upon it
amounted to nearly 1,200,000 francs. If such be the
exigencies of those who are at sufficient ease to have
accumulated, it may be easily be imagined how much
must be suffered by the far more numerous class who
have wanted the means or the prudence to save.
Corn continues to rise in and around Paris, the price
having again attained the same limit it had before
the late fall. The present price of Wheat is
33 francs per hectolitre, equivalent to 725. 6d. per
quarter. In the departments of the Aube and
the Marne, the prices are also high. At Troyes,
wheat is sold at 37 fr. the hectolitre, equivalent to
81s. a quarter, which is the highest price that wheat
has reached during the present year in France.
Bourgogne, Lorraine, Alsace, and Champagne are
all ill supplied, and the population in a very unquiet
state. In Brittany, Normandy, and the Northern de-
partments generally, the prices were rising. The
reports from the south for last week had not reached
Paris on Tuesday.
The weather continued extremely severe in
Paris. Snow fell from time to time, on Sunday,
Monday, and Monday night, accompanied by a
severe frost. On Tuesday the streets were sufficiently
coated with snow for sleighing.
Since the above was written, end just as the post
was closing, our Paris correspondent received a new
number of the Rerue des Deux 21boldes, from which
there was only time to give the following extract :
Is it true that the hope of seeing the Queen of Spain give
an heir t) the crown becomes more and moo, strong ? Such
is the feeling at Madrid, and Ills eventuality acquires daily
more political importance. Spain naturally desires that
the succession to the throne be secured as soon as possible.
Elsewhere this wish is shared by all those who desire a
speedy reconciliation between France and England, among
whom meyfie counted the august personages to whom am-
bitious pretensions to the heritage of Philippe V. have been
ascribed. If Lord Palmerston is not resolved systemattically
to repulse every overture to a sincere reconciliation, he will
hail with satisfaction the hopes which the present state of
the Queen of Spain excites. Tins satisfaction will be so
much the more lively, as it will have for him all the cha-
racter of an agreeable surprise. In fact, Lord Pal-
merston entertained respecting the marriage of the
Queen and the Duke of Cadiz, on expectation of con-
sequences altogether the reverse. When the Chevalier
Tacon, Charge d'Affaires of Spain, first informed the
Whig miidster of the intended marriave, the latter broke
out with the most strange and lively sallies, insisting espe-
cially upon the misfortune of the Queen, who would be so
sacrificed. These singular condolences were embodied in a
despatch now deposited in the archives of foreign affairs at
Madrid, and which certainly form not one of the lea,t
curious pages of contemporary diplomacy.
The significancy of this will be appreciated, when
it is remembered that the Renee des Dear Mandes
is an official organ of the Guizot cabinet, and that its
articles are prepared with much more deliberate
consideration than can be given to those of the daily
journals.

The Antwerp papers stated some days since, that
the quays of that port were absolutely encumbered
with piles of bales of cotton yarn from England,
destined, doubtless, for transit to German markets,
or lying there for orders or purchase.
From Ghent, in the Belgian papers received this
morning, it is observed that " the dearness of
provisions, joined to the misery which reigns in '
the two provinces of Flanders, have for some time
notably diminished the consumption of cotton stuff.,
whilst, for the aggravation of misfortune, cotton wool
has considerably advanced in price within the last few
weeks. The result is, that many manufacturers has.°
resolved to stop their works, so as not to expose
themselves to the risk of having their warehouses en-

have already ceased working, and other spinners are
oily waiiing whilst their stocks of cotton are worked
up, to follow the example of their neighbours."
Advices from Berlin, in the Gazette de Cologne, re-
pOrt the existence of extreme wretchedness among
the lower and working population of that capital.
The Communal Council had taken measures for
extending the establishment of soup kitchens,
from which the utterly destitute were relieved
daily with a gratuitous distribution of soup, whilst
those less necessitous were supplied at a small
rate of payment. Tickets were also given, entitling
the holders to obtain bread from the bakers at a cer-
tain price, the surplus over which was to be made
good by the communal treasury. It was proposed also
to request of the government the free import of a certain
quantity of flour. All these and other measures of
relief would, however, it was believed, fall short of
meeting the extent of wretchedness to be dealt with.
The classes above were not without a share of the
common suffering themselves from the long depressed
condition of industry, and the severe losses from rail-
way speculation. In consequence the charitable con-
tributions for the relief of the poor, had greatly
fallen off, as compared with those of last year.
The hoard of administration for the poor state in
their rep, rt that, whereas the charitable donations
amounted only to 30,000 crowns, the disbursements
ascended to 413,343 crowns.

MaNTREAL, Nov. 27, 1846. 1
We have no precise tidings of the probable date of
Lord Elgin's approach to our shores. The 4th of
January packet, it is surmised will be the earliest
date of his departure from England. This will pro-
bably throw hack the meeting of the Legislature to
April or May, as no governor having a due sense of
the difficulties of governing this country, and particu-
larly of the uncertain action of a Canadian parliament
without a reliable majority in favor of any settled
policy, will venture upon convening so authoritative
a body as the representatives of the people to deli-
berate upon the "state and welfare of the realm"
without a nearer acquaintance with local matters and
things than the distant capital of the empire can afford.
A meeting of Mr. Baldwin's political friends was
recently held in Toronto, apparently for the
purpose of enabling that gentleman to promulgate a
manifesto of his views and principles, and of the
strength and prospects of his party. The moment
was well chosen—the eve of a new arrival to fill the
post of governor-general, and at a time when disunion
is supposed to mark the councils of his opponents.
Nor were the topics of his address less skilfully chosen.
The Earl of Durham's report on the affairs of Canada
was treated with prominent allusion,—" that great
state document, the text book of British colonial
rights," as Mr. Baldwin characterised it. The speaker
claimed Lord Durham's sentiments as those which he
had always previously advocated, but for which he
and others had been treated by their opponents and
the government of the day as disloyal rebels and
traitors. He showed also, that in every struggle
between the colonists and the mother country the
principles contended for by the movement party,
although at first, and throughout the struggle,
opposed, branded as unconstitutionrJ, dangerous to
the public peace, and subversive even of the
royal authority, were nevertheless finally, within a
brief period after the close of the struggle, or more
properly, perhaps, during. a pause only in the contest,
adopted by the repudiating party, and incorporated
in the scheme of government. This is all, I year, but
too true. The Reformers of England, from time im-
memorial, in the olden dark days of despotism, and
in this nineteenth century of enlightened notions,
know well through what obloquy and resistance they
have advanced their banners to victory over time
honoured abuses. It has been the same in this
quarter of the British dominions. The same resist-
ance, the same obloquy, the same results, and the
same effects from similar causes, have marked
the onward progress of constitutional rights. It
may be that these stages in the career of constitu-
tional liberty ate the appointed course of human
advancement under the best regime of human govern-
ment yet brought to light—that of representative in-
stitutions. lie that as it may, it is certain that this
country has gone through the vicissitudes I have
mentioned. What has been opposed to-day, has
been conceded to-morrow; and it is difficult to make
those who were actors and spectators in the
tray understand that the same will not occur again.
The rff, ct of this course of concession on the part of
the mother country has been to engender atkction
where there was distrust, and to reconcile the discon-
tented to the connexion, as one that sooner or later
brings about the adjustment of all differences, and
the correction of all proved abuses. Mr. Baldwin,
speaking of the sentiments avowed by Sir Robert
Peel and Lord Stanley on the occasion of
the discussion in the House of Commons
upon the causes which led to the resigna-
tion of himself and colleagues under Lord Metcalfe,
said, "he was ready to accept the principles enuncia-
ted by those distinguished statesmen as substantially
identical with his own. He saw no difference be-
tween them and those put forth by Lord John Rus-
sell, tree then leader of the opposition, or those con-
tended for by himself and his late colleagues, on the
very occasion which gave rise to the debate to which
he referred." With this declaration, which I believe
to be sincere, and the want of adhesion among the
members of the party constituting and supporting the
present government, it is a fair presumption that Mr.
Baldwin and his party will not, for any great length
of time, remain out of power.
The railroads mentioned in former letters are pro-
ceeding satisfactorily. That for I lalifax lingers. The
Portland railroad is the favorite with the commercial
c.,mmunity, but the Hal,fax line is the one which Bri-
tish feeding in the provinces most reckons upon. Capt.
Pipon, of the Royal Engineers, engaged on behalf of
the British government in surveying the line, was
uhfortunately drowned in descending a rapid in one
of the rivers of New Brunswick. Mr. Simpson, the
other commissioner, is still actively engaged in another
part of the line; and, from his known energy and
intelligence, much is expected.
A recent meeting of the great " Montreal Mining
Company " has brought under public notice the extra-
ordinary wealth of the region of Lake Superior in beds
of mineral ore. With proper caution, unessential part of
all mining speculations, there can be no doubt of the
moat successful results. The labours of the mines will
produce a new article of export for the country, and
draw many settlers to the quarter in which the mine-
ral abounds.

Winter weather has at length commenced. We
have had no fall of snow, but severe trait for some
days ; and it is feared some of the shipping at Quebec
will be compelled to winter there. X.

FRANCE.—FRENCH ComlfEßCE.—Tbe French
Customs authorities have just published a geueral statement
of the foreign and colonial trade of France fur 1844. The
returns for 1815 present au increase of imports and exports
(combined) on those of 1841 of 3,400,0001. • on the average
005
returns for the five preceding years of 10,,0001. The in-
Cie WIC is chiefly in the sea-tarns exports and imports. In
184.5 the sum of sea-borne exports and imparts was
68,000,0001. ; of imports and exports by land only
27,000,0001. The amount of the sea-borne commerce ex-
port. d and imp Tied utider the French gag is about
31,003,0001.; but as cotnmoditi. s to the value of 11,000,0001.
tan only be imported under the French flag, it is obvious
that in carrying those articles in which there is
a possibility of conip-ti.ion between French and foreign
vessels, the latter a v, to a great extent, preferred.
The following list of countries having commercial reletiuns
with France is arranged on the principle of placing first in
order those whose exports and imports, taken together, were
greatest in 1845 ;-1, Uuited States; 2, England ; 3, Bel-
gium; 4, Sardinian Sates: 5, &Uremia ; 6, Spain; 7,
Algiers; 8, Swi.rerland; 9, Russia. In the following list
these states are placed first, from which France imports most
largely 1, United States; 2, Belgium ; 3, England ; 4,
Sardinian States ; 5, Zullverein ; 6, Russia ; 7, 'Turkey ; 8,
Spain ; 9, Switrerland. Ranked according to the extent to
which France exports to them, they stand thus :-1, Eng-
lana ; 2, United States; 3, Algiers; 4. Spain; 6, Zell-
verein ; 6, Belgium; 7, Switzerland ; 8, Sardinian States;
9, Guadeloupe. The United States are the only country
which produces the gnat staple raw meterial of French
manufactures: their tariff has told more against French goods
than English. The exportation to Algiers consists almost
entirely of supplies for the army there.
SPAIN.-I'nE SPANISH I)EBT.—The Madrid cor-
respondent of the Alunsiidg Chronicle communicates the
following extract from • letter of Mr. Cobden's, addrts.ed
to Mr. Henderson, from Cadiz, in reply to a l- tier received
from the latter gentleman. Mr. Oilmen iaym, " You are
sarong in the Justice of )our claim, and you 111E14 try every
,•ppe.ll to the i onuur acid laoneoty of Sp iiiidrolo. and it rano,
vary endeavour to shame them into the payment of their
debts. I agree w,th your circular as to the ,dolt-.y of the got
vernitent to meet it. engagements, provided ordinary talon.
and integrity pre-ide over its tina es. Never was there a
c nintry whose resources were su ii. glected acid waited as

than to the Catalans, everybody (menufact
•is avowed eintrabendist when opportunity
in Spain an
20 per cent.
offers; and I am convinced that • duty of
national policy. Instead of affonling the
ing facilities to the Catalonians for the free admission
Pur°re"edrs incplurodteeedi
the manufacturers than the present system. Ido 0
of
fn
tfhoer:rierirta.goodsma,tehroianLes.,tlwy
oluelvdiedb,ewintthorethefavaccuouramlaennyw-t
opportunity of speaking to M Mon upon tine poin 1
think you overrate the divert loss to the.
him if be would farm h:s customs duties fur 20 years w I mild
the prohibitive tariff. While in Ma Irylrevl.enthad_ue fromtie
undertake to guarantee him four times the amount of net
revenue at present derived from that source, upon one con-
dition only, that I should be allowed to reduce the duties
at discretion, but not to have the power of increasing the
modification of the tariff. With freelom of exchange, and
tertOilv,esenyeLeP°wnoiuiailtl, however, be
hteliecelteyriiifiebetdfirteheet ghenenefitut
etfhee
wealth and population faster, probably, than any nation in
the world. ant her present debt would became, in propor-
tional tranquillity, Spain would increase iu
to her resources, the lightest iii Europe. I wish you
success in your application to the Madrid treasury."
BELGIUM.—BRUSSELS, De.c. 15.—Their Majes-
ties left Brussels this morning fir Paris. Yesterday the
Senate vested the hi'l for sanctioning the military promotion
of the princes of the blood rivet without requiring them to
pass through the various gradea, or to ha of the age generally
considered necessary for officers in the army. To-morrow
H. R. IL the Duke of Brabant will be appointed to the post
of sub-lieutenant in an infantry regiment; and his younger
brother, the Count of Flanders, to a similar past inn cavalry
one. The papers announce the death of the Baron-EV[looA-
vorst, a member of the Senate. Yesterday, the Chamber of Re-
presentatives voted 1/00,000 tr. for tnesoures relating to the
supply of provisions, and a suns of 300,000 fr. for the encou-
ragement of the linen trade. The Minister of Public Woke
Istated that it was the intention of the government to propose
in a few days the grant of two millions of francs fur the
1
immediate improvement of the navigable rivers, &c., of the
two Flanders. The object of the prop net bill is to give em-
ployment to the numerous poor inhabitants of those pro-
vinces. Baron James Rothschild had yesterday a long
audience of his Majesty. The 56th anitieersarl of the king's
birthday passed off in the usual manner in this capital,—by
a solemn Te Drum in the Cathedral, by a grand review, and
by the illumination of all the public offices. Their majesties,
it is calculated, reached Paris 1 est night, about six o*ClOCk.
The quotations of the prices of wheat and of rye, fur the
week ending Dec. 12, show an increase of 23c. on each,
compared with the prices of the preceding week.
The formation of a comp my for exporting the
produce of the lin n trade may now be considered as un fait
accompli. Several of the leadirg merchants of this city, of
Antwerp, Ghent, and Courtray, have finally drawn up and
agreed to the statutes of the company, and the sanction of
the Minister of Foreign Affairs (with whom a new con-
ference will be held tomorrow) is alone wanting to give
them full force and validity. One of the directors will be
established in Ghent, in order to superintend the manufac-
turing portion of the enterprise : and another at Antwerp,
in order to watch over the shipping interests of the company.
It appears from a document presented to the Chamber of
Representatives, that the number of p roans in this country
(exclusive of those in the province of Namur) whose names
are regu'arly inscribed on the poor list, amounts to 688,887.
—Your readers are already aware that very great distress
prevails in Belgium. particularly in the two Flanders, arid
that the government and the legislature are devoting their
earnest attention to remedial measures. Large !wens for im-
mediate relii f have been already voted, and the ccu'ral sec-
tiun of the above chamber has Just published several sugges-
tions for improving the condition of the working diesel;
among-t others, the rendering of the old mode of hand-
spionaug and hand-weaving as perfect as possible. The op. n-
ing of new sources of employment by means of machinery
for spinning, the better preparing of raw materials, and the
introduction of new branches of industry in artier to re-
place declining or extinct ones. Such measures (ac-
cording to the expressed opinion of the central section) form
the grand problems of political economy for this country.
The formation of industrial committees, and of an exporta-
tion company, is also very strongly recommended by the
central section. Several members of the opposition have
agreed to lay before the Chamber of Representatives a pro-
ject of law for electoral reform.—A large quanity of elegant
furniture, which, contrary to the law prohibiting the sale in
auction rooms of new articles of that kind, had been put up
for competition' has been seized by the police of this city.
It will be sold for the benefit of the poor.—lt is object. d by
some parties to the proposed export duty of 25 fr. (per 10J
k logrenimee) on tow that, although it may keep down the
price of that important article, it will, on the other hand, CR.
courage the exportation of peeled amt soaked, but not hatch-
elled, flax.—The Chronigiw of Courtray states, that since the
establishment of schools in that neighbourhood for teaching
the Valenciennes mode of spinning cambric threads by hand,
the condition of the working classes about that town has been
greatly improved. It appears th it in fine lawns the hand
spinners can produce a much finer quality than the machine
spinners, the highest number of quality of the latter being
300, whereas that of the former is ,500.—Several journals ex-
press the apprehension that the two Flanders, which are
almost periodically relieved, will become a second Ireland.
—A second congress of the Liberals of Belgium is announced
for the month of March next.—During several days past the
Dutch mail has not reached this city in due time, in conse-
quence of the state of the roads.—The steamers have ceased
to run between Antwerp and Rotterdam.
HOLLAND.—Tritt HAGUE, DEC. 14.—The Staats-
blad has just published a royal decree, declaring that, after
the 2-sth inst., all the old Dutch florin" and half-florins shall
cease to be legal coins up to the 29th inst. ' • however, they
may be exchanged at the Bank of the Netherlands at
Amsterdam. The same journal, in its number of this day,
contains a long article, setting forth the conditions of a loan
pf one million of florins, at 4 i per cent , towards defraying
the expenses of drying up the Lake of Haarlem. This one
million constitutes the fourth series of the loan of eight mil-
lions. allowed by the royal decree of the 15th inst. The
remaining million will not be negotiated before the year
1848. Tire e,dilemy, which during some time past has been
raging in Amsterdam, is on the decrease. There are at
present, however, 1,617 patients in the two hospitals of that
city. The celebrated pianist, Thalberg, is expected to arrive
at the Hague in the beginning of next month.
GERNIANY.—BERLIN, I /EC. 10.—About twenty
individuals, including Herr Berends, one of the founders of
the Mechanics' Union, were arreted at an early hour this
morning, on the charge of uttering disloyal language. It is
asserted that tin/ belonged to a community of socialists, and
that they had propounded doctrines contrary to the public
peace. •The prisoners have been subjected to a very long
examination. The arrest of so many individuals has excited
a considerable sensation in Berlin. . . ..

It appears by the latest accounts that the
number of individuals recently arrested in this city, on
suspi-ion of being S willists, was not has than 31. It in
stated in the Caogne Gazette of the 16th lost., that the
above persons had a private press, that they distributed cer-
tain istflammatory pamphlets, and that they assembled at
stated times in various places. The result of the examina-
tion of the accused parties bad nut transpired up to the
13th inst.

...... ......
_ TI shit, ; LIST,..,
eI
eba
F
feared by his own hand. lie may be considered in a great mea-
teTcliil: man i?Ol:
died reEcitenOtry ill 'file TZy°roLif,vitEnitdEiltNis.
sure as the parent of the Zollverein. It was he who in the first
Place put firward that fine idea of the German Customs
Union, which he was enabli d to render popular by his
writings before it was brought into application. To carry out
the accomplishment of his vast project, he in 1819, drew up
a petition to the Germanic Diet, in which he laid down the
boles of the " S sciety of G Tin in I.illiistry and Commerce. "
This society, which soon reckoned from 5,000 to 6.000 members,
was regularly organised. Its statutes were suhmit,ed to the ap-
prohatem of the Germanic confederation and of the different
' governments. It hada local correspondent in every city, and a
provincial corresprmdent in every state. Tne central committee
held its sittings at Nuremhurg. It published a weekly jour-
nal, entitled Orya.ae de l' bulustrie et du Commerce Alk-
moods. Every year, at the fair at Frankfurt, a general
I assembly was held, to which the central committee made its
report. Such was the organisation of the society of which
Dr. List was the soul. He dpi not succeed with the first
attempt, he had so many obstacles to overcome, so many
prejudices to remove, so many interests to study. But the
idea which be had undertaken to spread had strongly enough
laid hold of puulic opinion to make its ultimate triumph
clearly foreseen. It is well known how the partial associa-
tions which were formed under his influence finished in the
founding, in 1833, of a grand association, which now em-
braces the whole of Germany, with the exception of the
northern state.. This mission accomplished, Dr. List did
not remain idle. lie unceasingly devoted himself to the
improvement of his wcrk Strengthened by the instructim
which he had acquired in his various journeys and in
America; familiarised with the practice of business pursuits
from his constant contact with them, he made all his re-
searches available to promote the grandeur and the pros-
perity of his country. He was constantly the promoter of
every institution which might tend to consolidate the unity
of Germany, The railroads, which might tend to tighten
the bands of the confederated states, found in him a valous
supporter. Latterly, foil of ardour, notwithstanding his
advance d age, he everted himself in the most active manner
in the discussion on the principles which ought to guide the
Zollverein in the reform of its tariff. Dr. List summed up
his doctrines in a work which he published in 1841,
under the title of " Nirional Syst An of Political
Economy." This work is not only that of a German
who seeks to regenerate the industry and the com-
merce of his c iuntry ; it is also an excellent treatise to con-
sult at a moment when it is sought to introduce the English
theory of free-trade on the continent. He has in it particus
laxly weight to point out the difference which exists between
cosmopolite economy and political economy. It is to the
former which belongs the principle of commercial liberty;
the latter, on the contrary, taking nationalities into account,
takes council from experience, and apdropriates its lessons to
present wants and the particular of each people, without dis-
pisine the rights of the future and of humanity. Between
two nations far advanced in civilisation, he says, free con-
currence cannot be advantageous to either one or the other,
but inasmuch as they are both nearly on a par with regard
to manufacturing development. Ater having laid down
in this treatise the principles which directed it, he followed
up its adplicaion in the journal of the Zollverein,
the Zollaereitubladt, the first number of which he
published in 1843. Occupied more particularly with
the commercial frecZom of his country, ho demanded
and supported all the augmentations of the tariffs which
ttneEhhneeievti geedrhlrii,
dative
eft,:pi
re:orro ddimotucf:ocewtsti
itm,..h
hesitation,
iee:Bhal
iner,ftio.o
principallyrl
oieTheh,
nei istmdhtoer::
thread
belongs
might protect the national markets against the invasion of
thsaiwntothwebiZehilhveerehaidn
de
se linens, whichet)h i,~,

in a manner fetrad,d ,L
___________.
trier, and the creating of a German merchant nary and 4
GZuclrlmv:rrnifin,lith.e ITiandualaofttehrehgal.oi;lygof guiding it ,n it, ii,4;7)
trial, commercial, and maritime policy; he has %lc
strengthened Germany, instead of debasing her, Ixfure thi,
=polite idea of free trade.

• •.
AMERICA.
NEW YORK, Nov. 30.—Congress will amens% ail
this day week, and every " individual sovereign " of thieve's.,
and powerful union looks forward with Lama • intervals,
the exposition of the governmental view., h,th , evAy
foreign and domestic affairs, which the President's
will, according to established usage, contain. Thalitint.
recommend a vigorous prosecution of the war with Mexico,
as the only means of "coupe:Ting" an linnourah.e and per.
in.taelit peace, there is no doubt; and I either think ths
pheas • I have above quoted will be found in the (Inca
It remains, however, to b.l seen, whether the invadia.,
army of the United States can continue their p
roßeji
so Bocce-Wally as they have hitherto done, or wheats
on the other hand, the Mexicans, being now foreei•
to le magi:: for their national existence, will not improve
their certainly spirited defence of hills nterey. ann adept thiv
war-to-.he-knife " system, which the I,,euch final ss
destructive to their designs on old Spain. li • this as it ray
it t is certain that the feeling of every rill Ming man in thj'.
States is opposed to a war of invasion with a pupae dam.
quest anti extensian of territory ; and although, from haw
now commi-ted to its prosecution ti a successful terssisi:
tio.i, no obstacle will be thrown in the way of the 'tenths
exerti.ms for that p.trpose, the expression of opidon On de
whole suNeet will be perfectly unnoserved,,mionw;elanl iaciatshiet
Senate as ill the Ilowie of Representatives.
The slavery abolition question will likewise furnish aleph
issu:j,encetrf...iiirydbiisiiuessseildnitihnatthaeconfirtni.sanc.h,fittwke ~.,aou
ani
Whigs, if not eready concluded upon, is in an 'drama
state of negoti ttion. the united parties must thus acquire .
degree of power which separately they °unlit never hope le
attain to; and the establishment of slavery in any tanion
conquered from, or ceded by, Mexico, would then bout,
impossible.
Doss the Er.g:ish public understand anything ofthemn,
me.as and vie N 4 of the anti-renters here ? Believe %e au,.
form a much mitre powerful body than is ceme,,n44
posed ; and though at a first glance the accompihrang of
the extreme object. of some of them appears ahso.utelyeg
of the question, it is by no means improbable that the an.
press will make material altenitio a in the laws of haw
and tenant, considerably diminishing the p.wer pmseashf
the former, when the latter happens unfortunately
into a rears of rent. At all events the bdl has bees get 1
mat ins, and if the impetus it has received lie not clinked W
judicious legislation, enforced by decisive action, it Itliy
mately give one of the rudest shuck; to repuhliesa junta.
tions that they have yet received.
The principles of free-trade are making prognis hem, age
rapidly, but still they "go a-head." Tile n w teed will
come into opera, ion to-morrow, and its effects will be timely
watched by all parties in the Sete.
Ganeral Scott took his departure from heitte this morning;
his destination is believed to be Tampico.

THE F3EoIDENT.I4 MESSAGE.—It la understood that the
President's message is cut nut in the rough, aad test ,
WA Jet; I I submitted, according to custom, for the append
or c vet 01011 of the cabinet. The ma-ter has perfects/
the frame—the journeymen must saw it, and plane it,
and dovetail it for the inspection of the pe ple. Three
points, it is said, occupy prominent piaeen is this fa
purl eat annual. First: The war with Mexico. It is
to be expected, from the known practic- of Mr. Pori,
that consideraide space will he filled with an remelt
to prove that he committed uo error, morel cr
in plunginr us into thin war. He will pr ,hatity anew
on the wrongs we have suffered from Mexico; on ter
non-payment of our just clime on her treasury •: on so•
dry insults (real or persoual) which she has offered
us, and every other matter which can be gleaned oat
of the hist vy of our relations with her for the last tweaty
years, for toe purpose of fucnishing a peoilication attar
sending an army into her territory, and devastating the
c iuntry. What sort of a case Mr. Polk will make oat, »-
mains to be seen. lam a little sceptical as to his ammo.
tative powers, even when he has clear right to back bia.
In this case, where, to speak with all mildness, helms to
justify a probable wrong. I confess I entertain no unpins
expectation of his success. It will be very sitlifactory to
the whole community if he can clear his skirts from tin
strung euspicion of having departed without god calm
froin the line of policy sketched by the father of hie coaairy,
to an adherence to which under all preen dieg administrations
we are indebted for the au. Bare and pslitical station we now
ei,joy. The second point in the m rage is the tariff
of 1846. This will be resolut..ly adhered to; out of a very
natural state of things a matnificent skein of laudation will
be wrought. The last quarter's revenue under the old tariff
will exhioit a great tithing off, to the amount p chaps of a
million or two, in comparison with the correspaudiog quintet.
in 1815. If the tariff of 1842 had remained untouched, it is
very possi de that the custom-house hooks would have
exhibited a precisely opposite result. But what importer
will now take his goods out into the market, paying high
duty, when he can warehouse them unit! the 14 of De-
cember, and then take them out at a diminished met of
tom •10or 15 per cent. ? Not a bale nor a hex will be
brought into market beyond what the necessary consump-
tion fur the moment requires, while the warehouses are
crammed to the roof with goods waiting tor the newf
order of things. All the deficiency in the last quarter et
1.916 will be so much added to the revenue of the firs
quarter of the new tariff, bating the amount lost to the
coda! ry and the revenue by the dim' hed datir at which
the eoo,ls will be tali.% out of the warehouse. Yet it is on
this ground that Mr. Polk will build up ea:culatious of the
produc,iten, so of the new tariff. which sell dau.e the feeble
sighted, and make the clear sighted smile. The other point
on which Mr. Polk will dwell a little, is the imposition of
duties on ti a and coffee. As a revenue nicaaire, this will
be so commended—and truly, if the war is to mums
through the neat summer, we must expect to be taxed,
directly or ineirectly. I have not heard whether the Prose
dent has touched that quicksand, direct taxerion.—rnded
States Gazette.

COLONIAL.
BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.

---------
CANAIM.—POLITICi AND LAW.—The Magma
llcraltl notice- rumours that the Attorney Gen.tal (Canada
Weit) was to be promoted to the bench, the late Solicitor-
General to be made Attorney-General, and the Judge (tit is
not named) who,e retirement made rem for those move-
meets, to return to po.itical life as President of the Coun-
cil. Two legal decision of some importance. art reported
by the 6.1111 C journal. By the firs.t. the quetrien whether
Joss cm be nerved with process on Saturday was decided
in the affirmative; an appeal has, however, beon cut red to
tho Privy Council. The other relates to the question
whether a verbal agreement between the agent of parties io
Canada and the agent of the Alliance Insurance Company
is binding, the property having been destr,yed before the
delivery, of any int morandiim of the insurince being
effected. A verdict has, fur the fourth time, been given by
a Jury in favour of the Canadian plaintiffs; but as a majority
of the bench think this decision incorrect, anetner new trial
is inked for. The Herald states, "We have had some
causes tried seven or eight times."
BOOK PlKATES.—American editions of Dickens "Deal-
ings with the Firm of Dombey and Son," are openly
sold at Montreal, notwithstanding the law of copy right
"The reason," says the Montreal Herald. "at least one
reason—is, that lists of the books made cops right in England,
arc only sent out periodically, so that the Yuiskee publishers
get the start of the Custom-house 'deices. At present the
law is inoperative, except as a serious restraint upon wrens
who require to sec new works as they appear.' This ex-
plains the case of " Dombey and Son ;" but how are we to
account for advertisements and reviews in the Montreal
papers of Harper and Drot!iers' (uf New York) issue of the
• Pictorial History of England," with an " Agent for Mont-
real " blazoned on them ?

PUNI.ILMENT Or, YANKEE DROERTION AOHNTO.—Os
intormations fits d by tae Solicitor-General on behalf of her
Majesty, against one Thomas Caine and one Georg*
Wether.dl, fur persuading and procuring Al minder Smith
and Robert Nicholson, privates in the 93rd regiment, to de.
Ken the service, the defendants were tried, convicted of the
offence, and condemned, separately, to pay the penalty of
forty pounds sterling, with costs, and to be committed for six
months, end for such further time as the penalty shall remain
unpaid.— Quebec Gazette, Nov. 11.
Et Ltrixorits.—This (an9lia, extinguishers) is the new
name given by the intelligent habitant to the demagogue
opponents of the education act. A distusidon has arisen
between the Montreal Iferahl, l'ilot, and ifinerre in
consequence of insults offered by the attgnoirt to Dr. Nam,
M. Morin, and other friends of education at u public meeting
at Nicolet. We take the account of the scene, which
appeared in the Minerre:—M. Morin, it is s rid, provoked
the auditors to interrupt him, and "was at last thrown
down jeer a bat) amidst the outrages of the multitude:.
Dr. Meilleur, a friend who accompanied M. Morin, wee
" made a witness of a manifestation of popular opinion,
which will, in all probability, deter him from ever again
attempting to play upon the habitant, in order to subject
them to a tax on their lands ; his person el security being
only attributable to the sanctity of the dav and the sobriety
of the people." This version of the story is given in a letter
signed " Luc M. Crease, Maire of Nicolet."
Foeca TRADE.—On the 14th of August last the Mont-
real Board of Trade issued a report on the measures which
that body thought necessary to insure justice to the colony.
under the liberal commercial policy now acl.pted by the
mother-country. lit that report four measures were recom-
mended :

I. The repeal of the Imperial differential duties. 2. The repeal of
the 33. frontier duty on Am.vicin wheat. 3. Soh a inoMfication of
the lititish navigation taws as wig leave US free to employ. at our
option, the cheapest vivaria we can prtlCUre, whitaer tier be 11n!.1.4
or foreign. 4. Ihe removal of all resuictiom that nt w operate APO'
the free trade of the M. Lawrence.
The report was referred to a special committee of the Quebec
Board of Trade, who have reported in their turn. The com-
mittee concur in the proposal to repeal the as. frontier
.d?ty
on American wheat. They abstain front giving any opinion
on the proposal to remove restrictions un the navigation of
the St. Lawrence, " believing that the question is better un-
derstood by the imperial government." T i
hey demur in so
fur to the repeal of the imperial tinibtr dimes: they dis-
sent from the proposal to modify the navigation laws, on the
ground that they believe British and colonial vessels can, de
Jaao, carry cheaper than American. The difference be-
tween the views of the two boards of trade has this tangos,
the Montreal Board consists of general merchants; the
Quebec of shipping and lumber agents; the Montreal Board
consasts of colonists trading on their own capital; the Quebec
of agents tor great London houses.