The Express.
London, England, 1848-12-21 00:00:00

723.] LONDON, THURSDAY, DEC. 21, 1848. [THREEPENCE.

ooveral maraud to Woo pare bud labour, for
riotous pooosodingo.

mint of the Californias, the °span if Vent Ores, and
the seines sad eesepaden of ether he= posi-
ties the Ogieh and Facile come, the
e. Thole *Seam , sad skill readmit=
elkothe sense is Isuaidees of war
Ind 'ether empties hem the mug, while they neural
• safe eatreasiffer abundeat sepplin heir own army. Our
eatseded memens was nowhere inerrapted ; mad he this
form airy hem the nth of war the neatly is Indebted to
. Nigh = aloe Mine to the aeon ot the
several emotive
Slovakia' of the annenstise of Teas, sad the settle-
Rent of the Orme lesendery, the Prodded entlaues :
The MSG of these seven' teeriesehs, asseedir=
report aretally Impend by the Oseeteheienst el the
Lead Office, from the mesesethelthe lahmeadoein his poises-
eice, mid mkt* is herewith Memeleted, NEW= eee sallies
one hundred and ahmekthem Omani aid six=
square Mks, or some Imbed sad sixty-three
five hundred gad Woke themend and bete se m;
while the area of Ithe
millentaty aim Mane,
and the Maley met yet late States, ead
et the Reeky Neetteles two million fifty-alga
thousand five handiel and thirties vinare miles, or thirteen
beadred and eighteen Wm me herbed and tweedy-tit
thoetand and Ithy.elght men. Then estimates show that
th. territories meetly asepthred, sat nor which oar m-
oieties jurisdiction sad domain have been extended,
sonstitute a conatry men then half al large as all that
whisk us. held by the Umbel Stites before their aerial-
Aim. If Oregon be minded hen the animate than
will still remala width the Sighs of 'Bees, New Meth*,
and California. eight hushed eelMtpone tkomand
the hundred sad Massy-eight again Wigs, or five hawked
sad forty-tee million swabs Waived mos bandied sad
Meaty NAM; befog as ellethee4,oel_e more Om one-
third of all the seri ousel the UMW ants heltme
their acquisition ; and nesetyzarst on
extent of territory se the thaerle, °sly
eel:opted. The Miedielppi, is lately the treader of oar
coontry, is sew ea/ he ens e. With the additiou of the
late sequisidoes, tho United Slates ere sew estimated to be
utterls liege as the When d Shope.
Otsr MtlselWl deed. hem : tespeding Upper Callifer-
aim, it le Mild than inespeelive et the met antral wealth
receatly heideped them, ft Whin dds day, in mint of vein
sad beinetimes to tie red of the Util e. the seem ealethe
that Looking did when that the enemy was aenthell hen
France, losty.five years sm. Itmteatheg nearly ent aspen
of latitude Meg the Peelle, gad eisbnabg the oily soh
and eommodioes harbours as that end be many haled
nine, with a temperate theist% sad ma eateminheirthe of
fertile lands, it is esareely passible to estimate he wealth
until it shall be brought under the movement Meer laws,
sad its resources folly China,n its mit nust
toessaand the rite mamma of el Ads, oft, iamb
of the Pude, of Women Maio% of Coated hoed,"
the South American Mare, sad of the Reed= posieselens
bordering on that mesa. A great emporium will thetie-
less speedily arise ce the California* meek which be
deigned to rival is imperteato New Orleans itself.
depot of the vast 031111001011 which ad exist en the PM&
will notably be at sons poise en the bay of the Froseleco,
sad will mum the same relative to tbe whole Tustin
coed of that man se New Orleans doss to the volley lithe
Misekeipi sad the Gelb of Mexico. To this depot oar
names= whale ship' will resort with their armee, to trade,
nth, wad desk supplies. This, of itself, will largely MS.
tribute to build up a sky *high would MS imam the
emirs of a great dad ashy inereseing acemeree. Situated
on a safe brabwee, y masker Sar all the navies ea
well as the marks of the world, sad consaisat to expellent
timber for skip bailing, owned by the United States, It ens
bosons oar gnat weeleta naval dent.
It was knows that male of the precious notate existed
te • eonsiderelde enema is California at the time of its se-
mileitiee, Reeves itionveries reader it probable that these
mime are more eneadve sad valuate" than was anticipated.
The smuts of the abandons of gold in that territory are
of such an exhitordiaery character as would seareely eon"
mead belief were they set corroborated by the andientie
repine of officers In the public service, who have visited
the mineral district, end derived the (sets which they
detail hem permed observation, Reluctant to credit the
rLrr la gement eirmlation as to the quantity of mold, the
eee
oommanding our forms in Califon& visited
the mineral district in July last, for the e
obtaining accurate informathe on the subject.. et. HI.
report to the War Remnant of the malt of his
examinatioo, and the facts obtained Gs the spot, is herewith
I'M before Cowen. When he visited the couatry, there
were Most fear thousand p none engaged in collecting gold.
There is every moon to believe that the number of pumas
so employed has slice been augmented. The explorations
already made warrant the belirret- al Ma supply is very him,
&-
sad that geld is found at various phew in an ext,erlve
trim of the eourit.
The 'theta used by the dissomey of these rich 'anent
deposits, sad the mem which has ',attended the labours of
those who have 'meted to them, ban produced a werprielag
cheap in the state to dein in Cell ia. Labour sem
manos a cwt exorhitaat price, and all other ramie but
that of smelling for the perches metals are abandoeste
Nearly the whole of the mah population of the ammo ,
have gone to the gold Menai. Ships arriving en the mast
• are deserted b 7 their crews, sad their maim suspended
for want of sailor,. Our commending outer there enter-
tains apprehension' that soldiers mann be kept in the
pith@ service without a large Innen of pay. D. embus in
his oommand have become frequent. and his recommend. that
1 hoes who shall withstand the strong temptation, and roman
faithful should be rewarded.
This abewfamee timid, mid the all-engrosing penult et
it . have already mused is California an mpreeedented rise in
the mice of the amenerise of life.
That we say the mere speedily sad folly avail oar-
selves of the mdeveloped wealth ot then mints, it is
tinned of vast importance that a breath of the Mist of the
United States be authorised to be established, at your pre-
sent melon, in Cslitansia. Aimee other signal advantage
which world meth from such an establishment would be
that of raising the gold to its par value in that territory. A
haunch mint of the United Sethi at the great ammonia'
depot on the west emit would convert into our own min
sot only the gold derived from our own rich mine but also
the bullion and specie which our common my mina,
from
the whole west comet of Central and South Annie.
The seed coed of Amman sad the anima Jahns, em.
braes the richest and beet mien of M.simo New finals,
Coated Amens, Chili, and Peru. The hellion end speak
draws from these counties, aid especially free these if
Weems Unto and Pere, to an amount in value el=
millions of dollars, are row annually diverted sad
by the Mips of Great Britain to her own ports, to be n-
iched or end to mean her national bask, and thus mar
tribute so increase her ability re comataad so muck daimon.
MINOS ef the world. If • breech mint be ISPAbliael at the
great emnercial point upon that cent, a min ennune of
bullies and epees would low thither le be sonised, and
paw thence*" New Ofilleall, Now York, aid: Atlantis
Min. The imam of ear conteitnt anumey at time
would be ,greatly named, while its simethelea would be
promoted. St in well known to oar menhente trading to
Chins and the west crest of Amides, that neat incon-
venience and loss are emendated from the feat this our
mins an net entreat at their pat wake in those emmeries.
The powers of Europe, fur removed from the wed most
of America by the Atlantic emus which intenenea, and by
• *dens and dangerous animation rand the eentima cape
ol the continened America, ma newer entmeefuily eemeete
with the United thane Is the Ash ant extensive mamma
which is embed to at eo nest lees ant by the segiskitee
ot Zsilkintia.
The vast impedance and einuesselel advantages of Otili.
link have beretehre remained umelseeloprd by the
mete the smutey of withh Is erestituted a part. Jew that
this flee provinces • pert ef our esenen. all the &SW M.
the liana, some more theselfeeely and directly than Mien,
we/amply interested Meets speedy dentopmet et its wealth '
sad reseerms. No seetesoef our orentry is more istermand. If
will be more benellted, dna the cemeardal,
and menediendog intends of the easterr=
Oor platen id Imam inereste Ia awn pad of die
Unica will be greatly baulks' by ft. As our esnmeese
aid mulattos are usimmed and isteeded air experts of
agricultural pause sod ef emaideshwee will he benssed ;
sad n the sew mobile this they meet ail to
weaned 11111111111Mille and Oil&
The aceidellies of eel New Mein% the settle-
awn* of Ike Otsillss lesusdely, eld die esamaties of Texas
extending to the Rio Grande, are mass, whisk, emilthed,
on et greater esnompienee, and MU odd manta the=
and wealth el the nation, than may which have
Oa gibes OS 'desk& of the don•dtation.
int to swat tikes great results, net only Califon* but
ute4
New toad be brought under the control of raga-
ts. The exietins 'rendition of
end el=lislespart 0 New Masao lytag west of the
lik and withost tbe links of Toast, imperioefily
demand that darer should, at its prevail masa, anywise
Materiel govossaisnts mar them.
Upon the exchange of radiations of the treaty of pesos
with Means on the thirtieth of May sat, the tempenry
gomements which had bees established or New Mexico
sell California by on military sad naval emeindoes, by
Mese et the rights at war, ceased to di rive say obligatory
hen from that seer., of authority ; end hatelog been ceded
to the United Slane, all government and control: over
Ilk= under the authority of Meakto bad ceased le
add. Impressed with the neandq of esishliddes
territorial Is over them. I noommeaded the
subject to the favounble eonsidersden of Congress in my
amass aosessaleating the ntilioation of pewee, as
the 6,h of July last, and necked their anion at that
session. Courses adjmund without nuking any pre-
vision for their goverament. The inhabitants, by the
Pander of their meshy, bad become sodded to the
Meats of our laws sad ecestintion, end yet wen
left with kit soy rentlarly organised goverment. Bthat that
time, the very limited power portend by the Unities
has been exacted to preserve sad protect them from the is I
evitable aoamensenan of • mats of anarchy . The ouly novena.
mitt which remised was that estahlishedby the mitary au-
dimity dueng the wee. Regarding this to le.stisforto revere-
swat, and that by the perused eminent tithe inhabitants it
night be ceetimed temporarily. They were advieed to ma-
nna aid submit to it for the Mort intervenieg pearl before
C. *nem would again weemble and could Issislate on
the online The Mows entertained by the Itteretim
on this point are manned in • conannainein of the Sarre
, tag of State, dated the 7th of Otsubo/ ism, which was for-

Maki for patioatko to California and New Iliesloo, a copy
a aid& is herewith transmitted.
The small military fora of the regular army, which was
awing within the Units of the acquired territory at the
sloes of the war, was retained in them, and edditlonel fore..
ittee boa arderid there for the protection of the Inhabitants,
ass'`
itsie peeserve and stain the rights and interests of the
MO
lie nom bee been or could be colloid at the pone to
hum" Comprise felled toodhc.rise the eilailikk4
Met d Oestem homes, er the appdatment of disalle Ass
thee
Talltare= the Twomey, bye Menke lee
drone/ to of do e=mithail ataskinf6 et
• Oho leek • espy of whisk le seemed
0 flonewer with which he wee ineselet by law.
8 of the eel tithe Anneenth of August last,
benefit of ear Pei kiln law ID the people of
the Posthaste" Unmet_ Iliongsintlet two aged.,
who have proceeded, the cm to Oallies ad the other to
Oregos. with authority to sedge the neessery arrangements
foe carrying its problem latoefAst
The monthly line of MI Manors from Pima& to
Astoria has bees required to " stop and deliver end take
mails at has Diego, Monterey, and San Praneneo." These
mail stamen, cometed by the isthmus of Panama with
the UM of mail enemas as the Atlantic between New
Toth and Chagos, will establish a regular nail maganni-
oaks with California. •
It is our solemn duty to provide, with the least practicable
delay, he New Mettle and California regale/1y organised
terrltorisl governments. The anns of the failure to do this
at the last session of Congress ere well known and deeply to
be regretted.
I trust you may lel able. at your present sessio, to ap
preach the thjeuemat of the only demean question which
seriously threatens, or probably ever on threaten, to disturb
the banthey and sumo nstal operation of our system.
The immense valuable yes aria of New M.zieo and
California are already iskatitai by a considerable popula-
tion. Attraeted b their great fertility. their mineral wealth,
their adenines, andd the salubrity of the cli-
mate, emigrants from the elder states. In great numbers, are
Mode preparing to seek mew homes In these inviting
Shall the dissimilarity of the iimestie inglitutkma in the
different ewes provost me Ma providing he them stable
goverentene? The kannelems Wan mete MOW
of the coastitatime, bat the MOM whisk they
_oat
were 0111111118116 by thee mita of ompenthe 111110 111 OM
Invoked. Is • sonillist of denim so of hstmeon real Sr
between • aliken sons= of our imusto,
5.1-aterirz,, justly eimend all whisk it might desire le
obtain. le
n,
in the leseettrp of oar instituting, should
Omsk semodthig t• the
Our grikat keen in the KOJI= wee, by whom patriotism
sad unparalleled dots dense we 'beaked these roominess
se en hideosity for our lust tome against Will% were
semposil of 'hisses who holeaged to se ens Sago co genes
of am Onion we. men from eismoJesking end
nomerimeekelkeg ban the moth ant the math,
hem thi • met set. weth They wore ail eami-
peeisenimos eelhilemoithene at the moo amass
le the sane GOMM MEM. aid
N write aitr In
iet
.fir -say oar esalkm to meek ga-
-1 alkne boa ellpiedelpiNla in the ended Milegy. This
wand mot leis onsomme with the Jot yokel et gems
mime which the Mimeo the emelientien
The is slavery' to be othorearttedMori
whether slavery ever ma co wood it it
gayponies el the acquired territory, even if seem
e s ilk
to the option of the slave-holding Stales
Prose the nature of the climate end poinstisso, in
mesh the larger portion of it, it Is monk k egad sever I
oast; and In the remainder, the probabilities see it wont
net Ben however thiamin be, the question, istedeina as
is= • principleof 'walk, of rights of the mono end
se equal eo-partaers Inthesonfederegy, shoat
L~:=4 pavements over these ternaries, se
day Wring en ideerese by the seentatien requires
Thai they shod legisleee on the aghast at
sesta=
while their pewee so
o so is set oaly
Annimed, M. denied by many of the, 'Deadest et-
ot that tolemest. Whether Cowan 'hell kph.
=Willir stet, the mans .cif the acquired territories. when
Isessobled ia NI
to form State esentintifeen
Mil pawn" the Me enNlve power to determine
lee themselves wbiAbse Ale shall cc shall net
Mt Mks their Mits. If shell anted*
kin Modern with the question, the people of these
toriteriet will be left free to adjust it ie they may
think Mrr when they apply for admission as States
into the Union. No seamen of Cesare.' could
the people of say a the se=ilStatee of
ithlsoireka, old or asw, sink or loath, sie or nth-
einehridine, hose doemising the tharaster of eir own
dossed@ institutions .a. they may deem wise met proper.
AA, end all the States poem this right, and ammo can-
na deprive them of it.
It is feetenate for the peso" and homey of the Union
that this quakes is in its nature temporary, and eau only
esminue for the brief period whisk will Menne befogs
Celibate eat New MeneLzustaine admitted es States into
Unless. From the tide of now lowing into theta,
it is highly probable that will soon ewer.
Consielering the several States and the enamel the soared
States es equals, and entitled to equal rights enter the erno
rotation, if this were an original quoins, it might well be
Mateo on that the principle of non interfering is the tree
deetriae, and that Cowes could not, In the abeam easy
°-!trgrant ot power, interfere with their MOM rights.
uptiln a great omsoiLtoway however, sad =deg moth
leg dogma to the Usice4 the liklient mespreades
line en respect to slavery was adopted. The same line
wet mended further west In the menthe of Tem. After
an acquiescence of nearlyadeirtyzen in the principle of
avoidacesr.'iLdlinee to the recognised Union which "migtitil if it to
now dimegarded, I have heretofore et preesedole opinion
that that line of compromise should be remand co the
parallel of thirty-Nix degrees thirty minutes tom the mesh
on boundary of Texas, where it now terminsto, to the
Pacific ocean. This is the middle ground of oompoothempen
whisk the affront motions of the Unita may meet, as they
have heretofore met. If this be done, it is emelkiently be-
lieved a large majority of the people of seen NOM of the
country, however wideip their abstract oaken on the sai.
jest of slavery may differ, would cheerfully sad pa trioticelly
acquiesce in it, and peso and hammy would again All our
borders.
The restriction north (tithe line was only yielded to in the
ease of Missouri and Tens upon a principle of compromise,
made neceesery for the sake of preserving the harmony, and
possible the existares of the Union.
It was upon these onriderations that, at the doss of yen
last SWAM I gave my sanction to the principle of the Mis-
souri environs* line, by approving end 'Meng the hill to
establish "the Territobt government of Orme." From a
sincere desire to proem the harmony of the Union, and in
Ohm of the ma of my predemors, I felt constrained to
yield my acquiescent* to the extent to which they had
gone in compromising this delicate and dangerous question.
But if Compress MU sew reverse the donna by
white the Missouri empregaise wee effected, and shoU pro-
prose to extend the renistion over the whole territory,
scads es well as north ef the parallel of thirtywn domes
thirty minutes, it will woe to be a compromise, and must be
regarded as ea MOM question
If Co WM of observing the eons of non-
interferenee the Minion of their own do-
meek institutioes to the pone who may Inhabit
these territories; er, MOM ef 'iterate" the Mis-
souri compromise line to the Pink, shall prefer to
submit the legal gad mositinationd question which
may arise to the Miming( the ladled,' nehmen, as was
proposed In • hill width mod the Senate at yoor lest see-
m", an adkisneent my he tweed In this nets. If the
whole subjoin be rehired to thejadiciary, ell parts of the
Union, Mold eheinfelly aname in the thal derision of
the tribunal created by the matitatina for the settlement of
all wasetiens whisk snap arks ender the eseatination,treaties,
sad laws ado Vatted States.
Congress he germ* invoked, for the Me of the Union,
its he moray. ant ear eentiased rrotherity as a nation, to
adjust at its ones this, the My quell, which
lies In ear —if set In some one of the modes suggested,
some whigh may be satisfactory.
In entielpailat of the satablishment et r°
immints • over the acquired territories, al4tr cos- ,
Mao "if diem of the army and navy has bon
ordered to moot tithe west of California and Oruro, for
the purpose of soaking 111100M10411111Cde and a report as to the
proper stun for thaesveNen of tortilleatithe or ether tribm.
4111141 works on Miran deniable situations for naval sta-
Mae.
As it h anceetained that' mime of gold, silver, t*p.
mia.and quicklime/ exist in New Merino end Celli.
and that may all the loads where they are
hued belong to the rated States, it is deemed in
wean is the public Merese that provision be made for a
=:1 not nrineeeeingieal eoluninatien of them reorient.
'Mad be Mewed to preserve the mineral lands,
almairily inch as contain the prows' metals, for the use of
the United States ; or if brought into market, to tomato
them hoar the farming ken, and diaper of them In such
nanser es to INK,'" a
die
of money to the me-
ory, end at the game lead to the development of
their wealth •by individua proprieton and puninee rs
To do Ode, it will he necessary to provide for an im
mediae survey ant loaded of the lota. If Comes should
deco tt peeper to dispees of the mineral lands they should
be salt k small qua er, and at • hied miasma prise.
'ltimemment that generate' es be authorised
tab. "'MUM ie New Deco end Califewnia, and pro-
vides node kr surveying and bringing the peddle leads into
market at the earliest poetical period. In diap using of these
Mkt negemeed that th. ?lent of pre tenths he seemed.
info Mein gnats owls to the early emigrants who haw set-
deter my settle nee then.
It will bin impotent to extend owe revenue laws over
these territories, awl especially over California, at en eat Iy
=There k Many considerable
commerce with
stet wt9pods of sate- shall be established, Amt
esSenees mein* se Mom on be received.
The apperimmins Mirk were entertained by MOO
of our statemen, in the earlier periods of the govern -
meet, UM war enema was inespebte of operation
with vaikint army and nem over largely extended
territeriel 1101 s, and that if this were attempted, it would
fall to nem bit Its weelme, haw bon dissipated by one
expering*. So tar frent entertaining apprehensions of the
mbef dor
Bates the extension of oar territory, th,
belief is rishori that earth new state gives
sad ea c
ad
for the:preservation of
Itlingtos iterit
In pursuant of the provision. of the thirteenth
Mkt" of the treaty of pm, friendship, limits, and set-
tlement, with the repablie of Mexico, and of the am of July
the 48th, 18411, claims It oar Otiose which had luth
" already liquidated and decided against the Mesiean ruly.
lie," amounting, with the Interest thereon, to two millions
twtaty-thres rimmed eight hundred and thirty.two dollars
and lily-one oats., Mee bon liquidated and paid. There
room to be paid of these ekiers, ova:ay-four thougued one
hundred sod ninety-two *meaty-an onus