The Express.
London, England, 1847-12-08 00:00:00

a compulsory enfranchisement. The present copyhold
enfranchisement act (4 and 3 ie., c. 33) was the re-
mit of the recommendations of that committee; and
the bill, as originally introduced, contained a
provision for the compulsory enfranchisement
of all copyholde, after a short interval given
for voluntary enfranchisement. The compul-
sory clause was struck oat in the Lords, and the
present effete law and powerless commission
were established. Now, this law has rather aggra-
vated than relieved copyholders, in the cases where
relief is moat required—namely, where the fines are
arbitrary. Where fines are certain, the tenure, from
its liability to heriots—eften the best beast or chattel
—and so forth, is extremely vexations and trouble-
some to the tenant, without being productive of much
benefit to the lord, and greatly lessens the market
value of the lard. But the difficulty is with copy-
holds subject to arbitrary fines (and such are the
majority,) which form the great source of profit to
the lords of manors. Mr. STEWART says, "these
[arbitrary fines] aro usually rigorously exacted;
more rigorously than ever since the passing of the
recent act" for voluntary enfranchisement. A most
stringent remedy is required, as we shall have occa-
sion to show hereafter, in reference to the returns
made by the copyhold commissioners.
In this matter, however, the copyholders of England
must mainly rely upon themselves ; if they speak
out loudly and generally, they will perchance
enable the commissioners to take heart to
tell some truths, not altogether pleasing to
the lords of parliament, in rounder phrase
than might otherwise be adopted. We have reason
to believe that the goy, rnment will not be indisposed
to promote a law for complete and compulsory en-
franchisement. The middle class members, whom
the late elections have sent into the House of Com-
mune, would support so useful a measure to a man,
and Sir ROBERT I'EEL is said to be also favourable.
In the Commons, therefore, a bill for rt ally enfran-
chising copyholds is safe. But the Lords ? Why,
the House of Lords, no doubt, contains a majority of
men who, from ignorance, prejudice, or wilfulness,
aro indisposed to a compulsory enfranchisement of
copyholds. But the Lords have not of late resisted
any clearly expressed demand of the people, backed,
as a copyhold enfranchisement bill will be, by a good
majority in the Commons ; and there is no reason to
suppose, that if the movement, commenced amongst
the copyholders of the iron district of Staffordshire,
be vigorously followed up, that any serious or per-
manent obstacle will now be found in the House of
Lords. That such will be the case, is probable, for
it was suggested at the Bilston meeting, that meet-
' ings should be held at Wolverhampton, Wednesbury,
Derlaston, Cannock, Tettenhall, West Bromwich,
Lapley, Brewood, and other neighbouring places. It
was also stated that a meeting at Newcastle (Stafford-
shire) would be held. Eighteen or nineteen places,
in the whole, were named.

BAVARIA.—MININTERIAL CHANGIEB.—The Augs-
burg Gazette of the 2nd inst. confirms the intelligence we
have already given, that Prince von Wallenstein and State
Councillor Berke are the leading mambas of the new
cabinet.
RUSSIA. Si'. PETERSBURG, NOV. 19.—THE
CIiOLERA.—The official reports respecting the cholera con-
tain remarks respecting certain observations that have been
made relative to the epidemic this year. It was especially
observable that the pestilence, in its progress from Astrachan,
went forward in the Saratuff government, by the land route;
' 1. invariably against the wind ; 2. as in 1839, it left the
'colony of Sarapta untouched ; 3. on the road from lemma:tin
to Saratoff, it likewise, in the first instance, passed over the
tint I 'reign colonies, though it afterwards so far appeared
there from having been carried thither by persons who came
from the infested Saratoff. In these cases, which plainly
prove its propagation by infected persons, the incubation
lasted four days. From the last reports, it appears that the
cholera appeared on the 29th September in the govern-
ment, and on the 21st of October in the government
of Kaluga, where in the first week seven persona
were seized with it, and five died; 2ndly, on the
Ist of November in the government of Minsk town of
Neshiza. From the medical and scientific report of M. Mot-
echulaky, it results that on its appearance in Charatoff and
Tschrigni ff, it especially did not seize acclimatised persons.
In the first period, spasmodic symptoms preponderated; in
the second, nervous paralysis ; in the first penod, the disease
chiefly attacked strong healthy men; in the second, chiefly
women and children. M. von MOUChUilky refers the condi.
tion of the cholera to the magnetic states of the earth. It is
remarkable that the progress of the cholera it invariably from
south to north,—never the converse ; generally it has like-
wise a westerly tendency, where**. other epidemics, likewise
coming from the south, travelled either east or west.
In the strip of land where the cholera touched the Ukraine
military colony on the north, between 600 and 700 persons
died from among a population of about 30,000, that 1., about
1-45th. In 1830 180 persona died of the cholera in that same
spot, and in 1831 more than 1,500 persons. Among the
persons who have this time fallen victims to it, all except 12
belong to the lower orders.
The Moscow Gazette states that the cholera is de-
creasing. The number of sick and dying becomes less and
lees, and there is every hope that the epidemic will soon dim-
appear entirely. Since the appearance of the sicken.' on the
13th November, 2,142 persons have been attacked, of whom
850 recovered, and 1,025 died ; 467 persons are still on the
sick list, of whom 149 are in the hosp
itals prepared for the
recetion of cholera patients. At St. l'etersburg the disease
appears extremely mild, and is rather eporadic than Aaiatic

COLONIAL.
AUSTRALIA.—FREEEMIGRATION.-^A notice,
dated let inst., of the regulations under which fete pongees
are to be granted to New South Wales and South Australia,
has just been issued. If the new commissioners of emigra-
tion (gszetted last night) act up to the principles therein aid
down, there can be no doubt that both the colony and the
emigrants nil be benefited. We could wish that the accredited
agent of New South Wales, or some other member, would
move for returns illustrative of the kind of emigrants hitherto
despatched from Plymouth, in order that it might be seen
how far the practice of the late board corresponded with its
professions. " The funds by which the emigration is allected,"
says the new notice, " are furnished by the .sue
and are intended, not for the putpose of relief et) prow,
its this country, but to supply the colonists with the particle.
far description of labourers of whom they stand most its
need." Of oourse, industry, sobriety, and skill in their re-
spective
callings are desiderated in the emigrants ; awl it is
added—" Persons in the habitual receipt of parish relief are
not eligible." We would request our English, Scotch,
Leinster (the sea-board), and Ulster countrymen tu note
the passages we have quoted. This is no pauper emigre.
Lion. Paupers are not to be forwarded The free passages
are merely the strong expressions on the part of the colo-
nists of the need in which they stand of good skilled work-
men. There is no degradation to oar sturdy yeomanry in
accepting them.
The emigrants must be in good health. The most eligible
candidates are young main couples. No family can be
taken with morethan twochildiren under seven or three under
ten years of age. The separation of husbands and wives, or
of parents and children, le in no case to be permitted.
Single men can only be taken in a number not exceeding
the number of single women in the same ship. The ages
of parents of families ought not to exceed 40. This rule
will be relaxed in favour of applicants having adult clul-
dren about to emigrate with them. The ages of single per-
tons accompanying their parents ought not to be less than
18 nor more than 35.
The emigrants must bring their own clothing; the more
abundant the stock the better for health and comfort during
the voyage. They must also bring 211 x. of stop and a sup-
ply of towels and sheets. It is desirable that they should
take the tools of their trades. Before receiving en order to
embark, 11. must be paid for every adult, and 109. for each
child under fourteen, towards bedding and mess utensils for
the voyage. If the emigrants conduct themselves properly
daring the voyage, the bedding and mess utensils are given
to them at its termination.
During the voyage the emigrants are put under the charge
of a surgeon-stiperuitendent. Married couples and their
young children are to occupy separate berths in the middle
of the vessel. The single men and single women are placed
is distinct compartments at opposite ends of the ship. They
are victualled in messes of 6 or 8 each, children from 1 to
14, receiving half rations. Ample supplies of medical com-
forts, &c., are placed under the discretion of the surgeon,
First-class vessels: will be despatched every month to
Sydney, Port Philip, and Adelaide, from London and Ply-
mouth, where depots have been fitted up, in which emi-
grants aseeroblad previous to embarkation are lodged and
td free of (harp. Emigrants from Scotland will receive
free mow fuse Leith to London. At the termination of
the mop aorlirants may remain on board and receive
fret Tattoos 14 days to enable them to make arrangements.
Tbq are received in the colony bye government officer,
tobser dot' it tato give them every assiatanrs, hy inform-
Ilell They are free to engage themselves to any-
INN, WWI 111 Mae their own bargain for wages. No repay-
ment at alp part of their passage out is required.
The amts of the Australian colonies is remarkably min.
Wm. rod well adapted to European constitutions. Wn=
altlles *gm of the last deices, were in every we hi
*ma Sesecegionir the same description of labour in this
ewantry„ may in general be purchased at a=
little fa apses asadl prices in this country.
casts 4s. M. par brig ; best bread 2d., and seconds led.,
per lb. ; dna mat, 2d. per lb, ; salt butter Is., and fresh
Is. 2d., per lls.Laltoese, 7d. per lb. ; potatoes, 61. M. per
cwt.; tea, 2s. ed. per lb. ; sugar, 40. per lb.
Copies of the notice, containing the dietary scale for the
voyage, lists of the commissioners' agents in different parts of
the country, and other details, may be had on application to
the secretary of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commis-
eioners, at the office, 0, Perk-street, Westminster.

Cr STOMS PEOMOTIONS.—Mr. R. Chapman is
appointed to be inepector-general, Vial Bovr, promoted ; Mr.
Rolls, to be landing surveyor, vim Mr. Chapman ; Mr. F.
Bt. Jam to ►a
be
inspeotor-geaaral at Liverpool; and Mr.
Da
to be landing sumo+ at lankal, 'rice Mr et. John.