The Express.
London, England, 1849-04-18 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 18, 1849,

would produce • notice of one which occupied tie columns of
closely printed matter, wherein there were no lees t' an 76
demises, and the counsel who prepared it had stated that he
would not he responsible for i.e being good, u there were 42
demists left out. The house would readily ogres with
Min in opinion that it could not too soon turn
its attention to the vital and important subject of
the transfer of land in Ireland. (Hear, hear.)
He would trouble them with only one more insfames of the
effects of litigation, even under the more favourable circum-
stances in Ireland. Tilers was the cave of " Collins and
Godhy," which was an amicable suit, instituted by a friendly
creditor, (or the purpose of enabling the inheritor of en
estate to pay off his debts by the gals of a portion of the
land. The estate was valued at 3,00 W. a-year, clear of all nut-
goings. The inheritor owed 17,0001. The Court of Chancery
took possession of the estate and received the rents for the
28 years that the suit hated, so that there was paid into the
Chug ry Receiver's hands 78,0001. Allowing 1,0001. a year
for interest an 'charges, there would be 26,0001. to be de
ducted, leaving 2,0001. to the inheritor, and of this sum he
received a very small fraction, the whole of it being •b-
-sorbed in tte expenses of the lawyen. There was another
case is the Rolls Court, of " Goldsmith v. Glengall,"
is which there were no less than 180 defendants. The inhe-
ritor obtained an order to stay proceedings, for the purpose
of selling the estate under aune, and in giving judgment
the lamer of the Irish Halls Court stated that much of the
evil rested with the Pgielature, which, instead of taking the
opinions of practical Irish lawyers u to the proper
mode of legislating for Irish estates, followed the ad-
vice of Bull* graveling:cm and threw the whole
of the procerdinp into confusion. The Incumbered Es-
tates Hill had inflicted incredible hardships and injuries on
the poosseson of land is Ireland. Prior to the passing of
that set the Chastener had the power of lapwing the con-
ditions cm which the paints inesmbraneers were ti be enti-
tled to redeem the price mortgages or claims, and to sell the
estate ; whereas now they mast pay not the whole of the
amount due, but whatever sum might be claimed by mort-
gagees and judgment creditors, before any steps could be
taken towards selling. The Incumberedßotates Act must
bs greatly modified in order to render it applicable to the
circumstances of Irish landholders. He was sorry to have
occupied so much of the time of the houas—(hear,
heir)— but the importanca of the subject must
plead his excuse. The remedy that he had to
woe the appointment of such a central
EZPer as he had already described, which constituting
• permanent commilesion, would have the power of settling
in • satisfactory manner all disputes relative to titles and to
claims on land, and also of giving fresh titles, which would
be equivalent to parliamentary tithe. Such • board of um.
nfesionen as this bad been repeatedly suggested by writers
and others conversant with Ireland. Arthur Young bad
recommended tic appointment of some such 00111111i16011 for
the purpose of reclaiming bog laud, and of draining and
fencing the MOOS of Ireland, and several parliamentary
committees had made the came recommendation. The view
he took of the best mode of ameliorating the eardition of
Ireland was that this could only be elf. cud by a series of
small measures dovetailed into each other, the effect of which
singly would be not very great, but when united the whole
wouldproduce beneficial results. The right hon. gentleman the
secretary for Ireland undertook last session to introduce •
bill to amend one portion of the tenure of land system in
Ireland, and he could not but regret that the right hon.
gentleman should have withdrawn that bill upon the insig-
nificant demonstration of a alight opposition on Use part of
a few absentee proprietors intrusted in land in the north of
Ireland. He was glad to understand, however, that that
bill was to be introdscad again this session.

Sir W. 80MERVILLt.—It Lin the Lords now.
Mr. SADLEIR continued—He was glad to hear it, bet
would rather that it had been introduced in that house. I.
this country we had the land cultivated bye clam of tenantry
who had the protection and aid of a simple and intelligible
tenure. But in Ireland how different was the ease ! They
had leases of lives renewable for ever, but renewable upon
what terms did the house supp- se ? Not upon the payment
of • barley-corn, or a small pecuniary line. but renewable
upon terms which not only retarded the induelletal develop-
aunt of the country, but ministered to the waist ge
the people. He had seen leases of lives renewable kr eme
upon the condition that the tenant should deliver to the
landlord as much parliament whiskey as would mid*
172 glamors of strong whiskey punch. (A 11=1
This was a state of things which it was the duty of
went to step in to prevent. The home would he se=
to hear that the practice of creating sad
men in Ireland was pereisted in by the authoilne Tamely
College, Dublin. The collegiate lands were let in the bet
instance to middlemen who, paying less than their fail vase,
retorted most enormous rents from the unierhenste tenant
occupiers. Such was the we also with the trustees of Bres-
lau Smith, and of Sir Petrick Dunne, and the estates of the
Feet absentee landlords. Truly had it been said by Dr.
Admit Smith that your great proprieties were never your
great improvers. And he would my mot mopestfally, Eva
to theme of the Marquis of Lenadowne, 'who we este of the
sod leamerolent, humane, and judicious atosedeeampeintswe,
tat ft would be better for his own sake, ear
sad for the public, if he were cot the proprietor of so mush
land in Ireland. In his opinion, government had the power
now, if they bed the will, to coevert the present great *d-
eem of Ireland foto a greet appertnnky. And be amid net
see how any party in that hoses spell spree the rteeadies
of • policy and . of • settee el minim ealsehasd to
emancipate the land from the legal dllleshiss with wide
it was encumbered, to stimulate &Edam% sad to galena,
the value of property. Would the flassidel refermen object
to each a course of policy ? Why, it wen notegisse that one
native of Tipperary oat more to govern than ten subj•cts of
any otter country. (A laugh.) The noble lewd said, some
time ago, that if we reduced our armaments we furnished
the war party in foreign cabinets with irresistible argu-
ments; but he asked the noble lord if he unverted these
feelings of discontent and disippointment—thcse feelings
almost amounting to hatred, which now poisoned the minds
of the people of the south of Ireland—into feelings of con-
edam, gratitude, and acknowledgment, • from the
hearts of an 'admit, a loyal people ; whether such a change
in the sentiments of these people would not enable the go-
Tafralkollt to withdraw the military armament and a great
portion of the police, who were now necessary to sustain and
protect the resident gentry in those districts? (Hear, hear.)
He would ask, shoo, whether it would not aced an answer
to an observation of the noble lord, that if we should have to
threaten war upon any foreign country, they would reply
that they knew we could not go to war, because there was •
sore which they would rip up, and that was Ireland.
(Hear, hear.) He could not, therefore, anticipate
any serious objection, or any objection which would
avail to retard the program through parliament
of these pltin, practical, unostentatious, but effectual men.
sores by which the transfer of lai.ded property in Ireland
might b greatly facilitated, the tenant's tenure greatly im-
proved, and the free and unrestricted application of capital
to the earful culture of the land promoted. He had before
referred to the subject, and he would do no more now than
briefly repeat his conviction that it would be highly de-
sirable if the power of investing their surplus capital in the
moderate of landed property in Ireland were conferred on
the Bank of Ireland. He trusted that the government
would secede to that
_limped, and that they would intro-
duce measures cal to to carry out the great principle
that the agriculture and industry of Ireland were entitled to
every legislative protection which a course of well considered
and remedial legislation could confer. The hon. gentleman
concluded by moving the apiointment of the ummittee of
which he had given notice.
Mr. J. O'CONNBLL seconded the notion.
The SOLICITOR GENERAL said he apprehended that
the .omen which had just been submitted to the house was
Wended be the purpose of calling attention to those sub-
jects erMeti formed the staple of the speech with which it
bad been introduced, and that the hon. gentleman did not
AIM seriously to prom for a committee. The bon, gentle-
men had upon the present occarien, however, taken such •
wile Add of observation, embracing the whole system of
jedllestsr• in Ireland, every detail of which would clone
Abed as ample field for a long debate, that he (the Solicitor-
General) could not hope to follow him through the vast
variety of topics which he had introduced. He should,
therefore, misfiles his observations to one or two remarks
whisk more properly came within his scope. In the fleet
res,vhat admitted as freely as the hon. gentleman did the
m which arose from the conduct of business in
the Overt of Chancery. He admitted that they ought to be
genedied, and he wished he could say that they were cac-
hou* to Ireland. The present and past governments, how-
ever, and the judges of the Chancery Courts had evinced a
great desire for reform, and in England considerable Maps
had already been taken, travugh he admitted that very
much yet remained to be done. ( Hear, hear.)
The hon. gentleman, however, in the cases which he had
adduced had not pointed out evils in the judicial procedure
of the Court of Chancery, but had rather pointed out radical
defects in the title to estates which could only be remedied
by_ establishing a good and perfect system of real property.
Meer.) Now, with respect to the bill for the sale of incur*.
bered estates, it would be inconvenient upon the present occa-
sion to refer to the details deter bill, for whirl he bad given
notice for that day week ; but he might my that the attention
of the government had been earnestly and carefully directed
to all the points to which the hon. gentleman hed referred,
and to various others which he had not partici:lul, enume-
rated. The hon. gentlemen had referred to • judgment
prosonaced by the ?fluter of the Rolls in Ireland, a cause
with relation to the operation of the working of that ad for
the eels of ineumbered estates, and stated that the first part
of that act, which related to sales not under the authority of
the Ogled of Chancery, was so incumbered with nodose
sat bets to guard against fraud, that that par-
ties of the act had Wawa* in fact a dead let-
ler, and was never milled into operation at all.
He was anxious, when the aware was introduced, to dis-
member it of forms of that siseeription. It was to be ob.
mend, also, that • mey hansisisl change had taken place
In the diocallts of the hewer, that disposition being to di-
nimbi he hems belled what he (the Solicitor-General)
Ihielt advisable or sesseary. The hon. member had
seeposa that it would be did table, on the male of incom-
ings& Wein, to make mosey represen
tipyt the lend. That
wast., object et the operation of the haus-
bmsdlielates AO, which was for the sale of
hut not older the Court of Chancery. He ad-
abed that, he the sake of the protection of
pumas who we& Isenafter make a title to the land, it was
ha lite Me should net be a parliamentary title,
s if looyese ; but still he contended that the
=bah at Addible demi was the very prindple which
idols. umber bhoesif somoistod. In reference to the
Wit et whisk be diedemteei tU Mader of the Bolls In
Ind to trek es bailee Muesli people' he stiestooku the
posseill, of die Oeset of Olimesey, ,blishidoi dee ax.
ay
the amber of yards% ads was
rat that= theof that bill, nee Wince
lbw that ay usualer ouseesteat had
d it. Ally nib WU But to metal la shersedag
fe sad tasiNelleg dte seem of pre-
, whisla related to Ilee sale ententes. In sae part of

the speech of the hon. member he tally concurred, viz., that
in which he stated that he thought the regeneration of the
state of property in Ireland would be produced, rather by a
essissof measures which should mutually aid and assist each
other, than by one great comprehensive measure. There
was • mistake in supposing that concentrated evils could
be removed by the production of one measure; those who
expected such a result would only be disap-
pointed, although he believed that by • Write
of measures, aiding and assisting each other, the
foundation might be laid of very great prosperity in
Ireland, far exceeding that whirl was ever known, or which
now existed, in this country. There were • grist many
branches of the subject, and it was impossible to introduce
the whole of them at ones ; no human capacity could see
the exact working of the details. It could not fail to be ob-
served by all persons what was the altered condition of the
opinion of the honest on this ruSject, and he fully agreed in
the statements made by the hon. gentleman, and acknow-
ledged the Sincere support which government bad emitted
on even subject which he believed was for the benefit of Ire-
land. He did not believe that any party motives interfered in
the slightest degree with Irish members : he believed they were
desirous to give every assistance in their power to tali go-
eminent. He had occasion last year, on passing the In-
cumbered Estates Bill, to make the same observation, that,
notwithstanding the opposition, he believed every person
was animated with a sine-re desire to render the measure as
efficient al they could. As to the poor law, the consequence
of that had been, that there had been an increased &acidity
of removing persons from the land, and there had
been mush less disinclination on the part of the
people themselves to give up their tenements, and
gn to toms other part of the country. Undoubt-
edly, landlords could not expect the same amount
of income which they formerly received they would
not get that sum from cultivated farms which they would
bay. from mall tenants, growing potatoes enough to feed a
pig, to pay 11. rens, and begging the rest of the year. That
the transition was painful could not be doubted, but the
result he was convinced would be beneficial. He firmly be-
lieved that those results would be attained, and he looked for
the co-operation and assistance of the various meshes' of
the house, including the hon. member himself, fee making
the measures as effectual as they could be.
Mr. J. O'CONNELL wee pled to hear that It was the In-
tention of government to bring In • =same to remedy the
evils connected with the system of landed property hi Ire-
land. He should be very sorry to draw an omen of the
efficiency of these meatuses or their poesible moms from
the phrases which the hon. gentleman had used in alluding
to them.

—An Box. MIDIBIII, here moved that the hones be counted,
and 31 members only being present, the house adjouraed at
ball-put 7 o'clock.

Wit OrprelSO.

OUTGOING MAILS.

The mails for stee-10111S2 Wands rapt,
made Ceylon, attle, lifeng-Kong„ end Ms Southomptos, nib
up cm the wars*/ of the Mth April.
Mails to Brnhe Berth Amodis end the Ustted Slates ern'
be made the SOth of rl.l, to In token try the Waddington,
whke saitram lionthomplom biers to be aftmend. "By United
Bans Melt Perdsot."
The mall. , Ilmeeliks, to the Mediterranean, rapt, Aden,
Oeyles, Lea, Bing-Kong, ks, will be anode op on the evaded 01
tie SIM of Andi.
The mile tee Tim Oporta, Limbos, Medan. Cattle, and Gibraltar
will ho made up cm the mankind the 77th of L
Thei twee Be l7adrks, Clips WNW, IrYl4 Sorra Leone, and
nil be mil Tage d As& 'anent° be ewe-
ettielbessel. bar alp."
Wei /Nib WM4 ..mods, limanna, Mama,
Yaw Clime. eel Nestee, and mng More toi
pro alka. jumnde.eireeneges, Now Otsnada, CMS, and Pena,
Iss mole nip es We iesialleg alibi fel Mee.
lap on the waft
The weft tee Ibilsks.
4th MN*. the Bin" and bona Ayres, will be made
of the

113011 WATIZ AT LONDOS 3111:1011.
Tau D. —llLanasa, I sla. par 10: Mumma. 37 sla. par to.
To•Maaaar—ltantlar..l3 MM. ; AfterariA iirla par 11.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18.
RECENT events have shed a certain degree of in-
terest on the affairs and politics of Spain, which, of
thetwelveri, they have for some time been unable, and
indeed unworthy, to command. Bo disgusting was
the personal and arbitrary rule of NARVAEZ, to cor-
rupt the machinations of the Queen-Mother, and so die-
teputab!e the conduct of the court, that one would have
welcomed almost any change,even thoughbronght about
by that vet y suspicious and strange alliance between
the liberals and legitimists. Count MONTEMOLIN
well-informed prince, professed himself of fairly libe-
ral opinions in the matter of a constitution. And had
he been brought in and restored by the efforts of the
cit:sen class and the constitutionalists, it Elf& have
been expected that he would keep his word, and found
a government which would stand neither on the old
absolutist basis of FERDINAND, nor on the modern
military foundation of NASSAU. But however eminent
and thoroughly liberal Spaniards may have lent an
ear to such a compromise, we never put much frith or
trust in it.
With whatever feelings, however, one might have re-
garded such a restoration in 1848, it is impossible to
look to it in 1849 with any other sentiments than
those of aversion and dread. The great and potent
fact of the epoch is the simultaneous resuscitation in
all countries of the old absolutist, legitimist
and Holy Alliance party a party, if not
dead,l ,at lest compelled to hide and conceal
its thoughts and its existence for the list
ten or fifteen years. We are now, however,
in fall reaction, and have retrograded avowedly to the
ideas, and the principles, and the professions of 181&
Russia has stepped forward to resume its ancient in-
fluence; and that influence is even stronger than it
was at the time of the Congress cf Vienna, for then
it was at least partially combated by Austria, which
existed as an Independent power. Whereas now
Austria has completely flung eself into the arms of
Russia, tke ore hand directing the policy of both
empires.
In presence of such a formidable alliance Prussia
hesitates, and is cowed. France does its utmost to
resist by diplomatic remonstrances the dictates and
interference of the two absolutist powers in the affairs
of Italy. But every day's intelligence bears witcess
how powerless are the efforts of France.
In England we see the reaction as manifest as
even in Vienna. Lord ABERDEEN, during the days
when absolutism was decidedly unpopular, bowed
the head, consented to a French alliance, and con-',
formed to the liberal and forbearant policy of the
CANNING school. But with the regeneration of abso-
lutism, Lord ABERDEEN has once more put on his
old roue snit of ideas. He talks fierce, defiant,
sad absolutist as NESSELRODE himself. He no longer
aiiksamo the house as the colleague of PEEL, but as
the mho of Lord BROUGHAM'S and Lord STANLEY'S
mew-born love of absolutism.
In this very menacing state of things, the restora-
tion of Count MONTEMOLIN or of any legitimist party
is Spain would be of very fatal consequence. It
might not be quite so reactionary as a restoration of
the Duke of 80w:4.4ex in France. But it woad be
a fact of the same tendency. And in despite of Count
MONTEMOLIN'S personal promises and tendencies,
limit would thereby acquire that hold and influence
ever western Europe of which the revolution of 1830
trtonstely deprived it.
There is, indeed, no mistaking that this current of
events, and even of ideas, in 1849, tends strongly to
gado and to reverse not only what was done in 1818,
bat what was done in 1830 also. There is a reaction
not merely against democracy, but against coestitu.
tionaliam. It is not merely kings and courts, and
old politicians, that look for these restorations,
but aristocracies and hierarchies, and what not.
In fact, everything antiquattd looks and expects to
take the place of all modern inventions. Autocracy
would replace constitutionalism, authority would de-
throne reason, protection dreams of altogether subvert-
ing and supplanting free trade.
Liberal governments and liberal parties have, in
the face of this hostile coespiracy against them,
really no chance and no friends to fling away.
And they should begin by securing Spain.
French and English should come without 1
low of time to a common accord to waive all old
differences with regard to the Peninsula. The French
government has done its duty in seising the Conde
Ds MONTEMOLIN, and they have equally done right
in not subjecting him to deprivation of liberty. But
the hour is past when constitutionalists and legitimists
can unite or can hope to agree.
The Spanish government, even with Kamm at
its head, is, we trust, not mad enough to go on any
longer as a reactionary party. For, if it do so,
General NARVAEZ is but paving the way for a
mixt restoration. The only chance for ISABELLA IS to
return to the reality of constitutional government,
and to trust the real, however moderate, liberals in
carrying it out. We had hoped something of this
kind, from the rumoured return of Senor OLOZAGA
to Madrid. But nothing as yet seems to have come
of it. France, England, and Spain ought to lose no
time in coming_ to an accord, unless they are pre-
to behold the Russo-Austrian influence as
Call atible beyond the Pyrenees as it has booms
beyond the Alps.

PRINCE METTERNICH IN ARREARS MR TAXES.—
As Prince Met NMh has not paid his two, &boat 177,000 t,
on his chateau in the Duchy of Name, his wines hare been
embed, and will be shortly sold. Some of the wines are 200
pan old.

ROME, MARCIE 31.
There is a rumour in town that war has also begun
on the Neapolitan frontier, and that the opening of
the campaign has been the seizure nt the town of
Fondi by the Rowan corps under General Ferrari.
Garibaldi's division hovers over the Abruzzi, inland
on the eastern ridge of the Apennine.
The reprisal of a war fur Italian independence Lai
canoed the Roman Assembly to concen'rate the whole
power of the state into the bands of a die atonal
triumvirate, altogether abdicating their own author-
ity ; and to the former t iumvir Armellini, two new
assistants are now joined, viz., Mazzlni and Sal.
These three supersede all the branches of the former
executive.

Pensions on a liberal scale are voted for the
wounded and the widows and orphans of the slain in
the forthcoming struggle.
Ir is calculated tha: GO new field-pieces will be
formed out of the eturch bell-metal ; a dczen of these
guns have already required the services of the wheel-
wright and waggon maker, and are ready for action.
Volunteers are hastening off to the legations where
the stand must be made eventually.
One of the last acts of the Assembly was to vote
16,000 dollars fur the complete excavation of the
Roman Forum, which is to b 3 cleared down to its
antique level from the arch of Titus to the foot cf the
capiwl. The rubbish is contracted for by the railway
company, who are slowly working out the Latium
line (piesiatino) along the Appian way. The elm
trees on the surface are fer auction to-morrow.
There is much ,peculation among. archeo-
logists as to the probable discoveries which
th.s undertaking may brio, to light. Bat
those who are beat read in the chances of
treasure trove regret that advantage was Lot
taken of the late unexampled low water in the
Tiber, for a thorough dredging of that yellow river,
in the bed of which the most valuable objects are
well known to slumber. Among other unique
moveables is the seven-branch candlestick of massive
gold, brought by Titus from the temple of Jerusalem,
and of which the size may be accurately guessed from
the bas-relief on the triumphal arch aforesaid, where
it appears to be nearly a man's height. I•s lapse into
the Tiber occurred at the rout of Maxentius escaping
over the Milvian-bridge from the onslaught of Con-
stantine.

Talking of excavations, I visited this morning the
works going on in the subterranean vaults of the
holy office, and was not a little horrified at what I
saw with my own eyes, and held in my own bands.
Though f have teen familiar with everything in
and about Rome for aquarter of a century, I conks.
I one had any curiosity to visit the Inquisition,
taking it for granted that everything was carried on
there fairly and honestly as I was led to believe by
people worthy in other respects of implicit trim..
Besides the place itself is out of the beaten track of
all strangers, and in a eon of cul de sac behind St.
Peter's, where it naturally retired to perform its
blushing operations, and "do good by stealth." I
was struck with the outward appesrat ce of civilisa-
tion and comfort displayed by the building, which
owes its erection to Pius V., author of the last creed :
but on entering, the real character of the concern was
no longer dissimulated. A range of strongly barred
prisons formed the ground-floor of a quadrangular
court, and these dark and damp receptacles I
found were only the preliminary stage of
probation, intended for new corners as yet uninitiated
into the Elensinian mysteries of the establishment.
Entering a passage to the left, you arrive at a smaller
courtyard, where a trip!e row of small barred dungeons
rises from the soil upwards, somewhat after the out- I
ward look of a three-decker, "accommodating"
about sixty prisoners. These band cages must have
been often fully manned, for there is a supplementary
row constructed at the back of the (loath angle on the
ground-floor which faces a large garden. All these
cellular contrivances have strong iron rings let into
the masonry, and in some there is a large stone firmly
imbedded in the centre with a similar massive ring.
Numerous inscriptions dated centuries back are dimly
legible on the admission of light, the general tenor
being assertion of innocence: " Iddio ci liberi di
linguo caluntniatrice," " to domenico Gazeoli vissi qui
anni 18," " Calumniatores naendacese.rterniinabuntur."
I read another somewhat longer, the drift of which is,
"The caprice or wickedness of man can't exclude me
from thy church, 0 Christ, my only hope." 'I he officer in
ch arge led me down to where the menwere diggin g in the
vaults below; they bad cleared a downward flight of
steps, which was choked up with old rubbish, and had
come to a series of dungeons under the vaults deeper
still, and which immediately brought to my mind the
Srisons of the Doge under the canal of the Bridge of
ighs at Venice, only that here there was a surpassing
horror. I saw imbedded in old masonry, unsym-
metrically arranged, live skeleton in various recesses,
and the clearance had only just begun : the period of
their insertion in this spot must have been more than
a century and a half. From another vault full of
skulls and scattered human remains there was a shaft
about four feet 'gore ascending perpendicularly to
the first floor of the building, and ending in a passage
off the hall of the chancery, where a trap-door lay
between the tribunal and the way into a suite of rooms
destined for one of the officials. The object of this
shaft could admit of but one surmise. The ground of
the vault was made up of decayed animal matter,
a lump of which held imbedded in it a lung silken
lock of hair, as I found by personal exami-
nation as it was shovelled up from below. Why
or wherefore, with a large space of vacant ground
lying outside the structure, this charnel house should
be contrived under the dwelling, passes my ken. But
that is not all, there are two Inge subterranean lime-
kiln., if I may so call them, shaped like a beehive in
masonry, filled with laycrs'of calcined bone', forming
the substratum of two other chambers on the ground-
floor in the immediate vicinity of the very mysterious
shaft above mentioned. I know not what interest you
may attach to what looks like a chapter from Mrs.
Radcliff, but had I not the evidence of my own senses
I would never have dreamt of such appearances in a
prison of the holy office; being thoroughly sick of the
nonsense that has for years been put forth on that
topic by partisan pens. Bat here the thing will be-
come serious, for to-morrow the whole population of
Rome is publicly invited by the authorities to come
and see with their own eyes one of the results of
entrusting power to clerical hands. Libels on the
clergy have been manifold during the last four months,
and have done their work among the masses. But
mere talk is nothing to the actual view of realities.
Begnins irritant animas denims per aura
(Maw num stint multi subjects thlelibus.
The archives (wanting the very recent ones only)
have been overhauled, and a selection will be forth-
with published. The cases are of the most intense
interest, reaching from Galileo's time down to mo-
dern days • and here most disgraceful letter. from
the Sardinian and Neapolitan courts, including a
choice correspondence from the Doke of Mole's., will,
be given verbatim, in extenso. Latterly the omelets
had become almost exclusively pAitical, and only
busied itself with " ea:bonen" and "freemasons,"
under which terms every aspirant after a constitu-
tional form of government was thought fair game,
and hunted out secundum orient.
It is quite possible that the Croats of Radetaki may
force back on the population of these territories cleri-
cal rulers again • but no fiiend of the Roman catholic
church, acquainted with the present sentiments of the
Romans, can view such an event without deep alarm.

AN ENGLISH CLOCK IN CONSTANTINOPLE.—A
large clock, showing the time upon two faces, and striking
the hours and quarters, has recently been placedl in a tower
built for the purpose in the arsenal at Constantinople. The
clock was made by Mr. Palmy, of Pall-mall, and is the
first public dock that has ever been put up in a countvy pro-
f/mine the Moslem faith. This moy be considered as another
approxlmal9n to European (intone.
NAVTGATINO TIM ARCTIC REOlONB.—CoinMander
Joseph West, an officer of long standing, has proposed a plan
of fitting a steam-vessel wids ice hammer and ice taws,
to be worked by the shaft of the engine, for the purpose of
navigating the Polar regions. The projectiont is applicable to
either screw or paddle-wheel steamers, and is thus explained :
—A seroi•cireular cogged plate Is fled on the shaft, which
Paned. itself with an elevating bar, fixed to the end of a
sway beam, the fulcrum being in a crank on the bow of the
vessel, at the for• end of the sway beam, where the ice ham-
mer is hung, which, by the connexion of the cogs, is raised
eight Let at every revolution. It is thrown out of
par when they disconnect, the hammer then falls, and
Is again raised when the cop connect. The hammy are
from fifteen to twenty hundred weight, working alternately
on each side before the stem, and are capable of breaking
through ice four or five feet thick, thus enabling seismal se
fitted to approximate much nearer to the wired paid=
of Sir John Franklin's ship than as be bee the present
means, as the above mamba as be MIA to my steam
vessel et a t,191211 MINN esopmei with the abject to De
obtained. The levealien h as tin* es ft to us to
be peetteable, and we trait that the will appre-
ciate the value of the plea, end die mellow Wasted
the mama Weak.. hy &DWAINE it mist skilled et case
on dal pecans trash et the items loguire6efsedlos nft-
vigatta.—Usfgesf Barrio Gaeta&