The Express.
London, England, 1847-10-13 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 13, 1847.

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courses of exchange, prices current, and commercial lists
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out mentioning the name or residence of the vendor cr
sender.—The warrant to take effect from Ist November next.

CAPTAIN GLASSCOCK.—Captain Glasscock, RN.,
died of apoplexy oa Friday last, at Baltinglaaa, county
Wicklow.

SAINT PANCRAS.—CIIARGE AG,tINST A NIEDICAL
Oreteza.—Yesterday, a meeting of the directors of the
poor of St. Pancras, took place in the new vestry-room ad-
joining the workhouse, King's-road, Camden-town. Mr.
Churchwarden Howarth in the chair.—Colonel Harrison
called the attention of the beard to some extraordinary pro-
ceedings on the part of Mr. Todd, one of the medical officers
of the parish, with respect to vaccination. Ilia attention had
been in the outset directed to the matter, by the extraordi-
nary discrepancy in the yearly charge of Mr. Todd for vacci-
nation, so compared with the other medical men appointed
vaccinators. Whilst the charge for Mr. Robinson's district
only amounted to 41., that of the lute Mr. Curtis to GI., and
the others equally low, Mr. Todd's charge during the same
period amounted to nearly 1001. it appeared that Mr.
Todd went about the pariah finding children to vaccinate
out of his district, ar.d whether the parents could afford to
pay for vaccination or not. In Doughty-mews, the doctor
walked In and vaccinated, under the authority of the parish,
three children, one of whom was so ill at the time that hr
died on the following Saturday, the day he was vaccinated
on being Tuesday. In another instance, although the
mo'her of a child wished her own medical man to
vaccinate, Mr. Todd did so, but the virus did not take.
—The chairman considered this every serious charge. It was
of great importance to ascertain whether the parish were
charged for cases which the parents were able themselves to
pay for. The benefits of gratuitous vaccination under the
act were only intended to apply for the poor.—Dr. Birming-
ham said that no prudent medical men would va-cinate •
child unless in good health. Even if there was the least
diarrhiet or skin disease it was not proper to perform vacci-
nation.—Mr. Clarke moved a resolution to the effect, " That
for the future each medical man appointed to vaccinate, do
' so in his own distinct o, without interference with the
district of any other nly
officers."—Mr. Deane seconded
the resolution.--Mr. Douglas submitted that it would be un-
fair to Mr. Todd to pass the resolution without hearing what
he had to say, morn particularly as the books showed that
the cases were vaccinated at his own house; and, after some 1
further discussion, the motion was euspended mail Mr. Todd
had been examined by the board.
WALWORTII LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITU-
TION, Csieretzerager.—Yesterdeg a bazaar was opened,
under the patronage of the Lady Maynrcess, in the lecture
hall of this institution, for the title of articles in aid of the
building fund of the society. The hall in which the bazaar
Is held is the only portion of the building yet erected. It is
a *rare, commodious, and well proportioned room, and the
venous specimens of needle-work and other miscellaneous
fancy articles with which it was furnished by the friends of
the institution gave it a very pietureapre appearance. Asall
the proceeds of the sale are to he applied to the prosecution
of the building, we hope the experiment will be successful.
The inhabitants of the locality seem to be animated with the
best spirit for its success ; and when they are to be provided
with lectures, library, reading-room, and clauses for the small
sum of 10e. a year, it is not surprising that they should ex-
hibit a little more than ordinary exertion to establish, or
rather complete, an institution of this kind, the moderate price
of admission into which ought to secure for it a numerous
body of subscrib rs.
REFRESIItIENTS OUT OF TILE
worthy banister who objected to the vestry clerk's charging
refreshments for the overseers and others on the rates of St.
Leonard, Shoreditch, deserves the thanks of the parish, and
he has them. It is hard, indeed, that men cannot become
entitled to their votes without thus incurring themselves,
and ocessioning the infliction upon other!, of such an amount
of taxation so now attends the process of registrat.on. Mr.
Vestry-clerk declares that such charge for refreshments is
not an unusual thing at Shoreditch : we believe him. When
the children of the parish schools go once a year to St.
Paul's, at the anniversary sermon for charity schools, the
gentlemen who walk in procession with them cannot do that
without some bill for refreshment being incurred ! When
the churchwardens have to attend a visitation of the bishop,
or of the archdeacon, some refreshment, again, is found ne-
cessary ; and, most likely, a cab besides ; and the church
wardens' accounts exhibit, besides, a very large standing ex-
pense for wine (which is not confined to the sacramental
wine) used in the church, and this wine is, every Sunday,
dealt out in the churchwardens private vestry in the way of
refreshment to the officials after the fatigue and weariness
incident to an attendance upon divine service. In truth,
Mr. Vestry-clerk might well and truly say these charges for
refreshment were only what is usual at Shoreditch.—A
HATE-PATIIR.—Oct. 17.
INQUESTS, YESTERDAY.—I/EAT/IS OF Two CHIL.
OLIN TROY IMPURE AlR.—Before Mr. Baker, at the
. .

Three Mariners, Copland-lane, South Hackney, on view of
the bodies respectively of R. Cornish, aged two years, and
his brother, J. Cornish, 11 weeks old, whose deaths arose
from the poisonous effluvium of a large collection of sewage
adjoining the cottage they were living in at Silkmifl row,
South Hackney. The locality was visited by the coroner
and jury, with Mr. B. Clarke, surgeon of the Hackney
union, who found the accumulation of stagnant matter
about an sere in extent, a dam being at the lower end,
which was erected to allow a fall of water for a flour- mill
that occasionally flowed over it from Haekney-brook.—Mr.
Clark* rated that the matter was 10 ft. deep, and that it was
12 years since it was cleaned out —The mother of the de-
ceased children said that about tern months ago she removed
from Nursery-lane, Hackney, to Silkinill•row, when her el-
dest child, who was previou.iy slightly indisposed, became se •
riously ill. Mr.B.Clarke attended him, and she went with hi as
to the London Hospital. He was seen by Dr. Pereira, who
said he could do nothing for her child. Ile died on Friday
last. The other child was a fine healthy baby for three
weeks, after which he became sickly and weak. He gradually
wasted away, and died on Saturday. She had no doubt that
the children died in consequence of inhaling the poisonous
effluvium from the sewage. The water in the well which is
drunk by persona residing there has an offensive taste.—Mr.
Clarke, who was of opinion that the deaths of both children
were accelerated by the impure air, said that much illness
' prevailed there, and that a short time ago a child died under
similar circumstances.—Evans, the summoning officer, said
that many deaths have lately occurred there.—The jury re-
marked that if not removed it would create a pestilence.—
MT. Clarke stated that he bad forwarded a communication
to the board of guardianc—Verdiet, " That the deceased
children died a natural death, accelerated by the noxious and
poisonous vapours arising from a stagnant and exposed sewer
in the neighbourhood of the residence."—STEAML•HUAT
ACCIDINT.—Beforo Mr. Carter, by adjourament, at the
Royal Oak, Lower-road, Rotherhithe, relative to the death
of J. H. Boff, aged 25, who lost his life by being run down
by the Eclipse, Margate steamer, whilst in a pleasure-boat,
with four others, off Shadwell, on Saturday, the 25th ult.—
William Cross stated that he was standing on a barge on the
day in question, and distinctly saw the accident. The
Eclipse was coming down full swing with a strong head tide.
Witness's attention was directed to the small boat being in
danger. The several persons in the latter were much
confused, and standing up, as if they expected a colliaion.
Witness saw the bow of the steamer clear the skiff,
but the starboard paddle-wheel struck it across the
centre and capsized her. A boat was lowered from the
steamer, by which one man was picked up; the others were
pulled on board the steamer by ropea—B the Coroner : If
the wheels were stopped when the collision took place, it
must have been but a very short period before. If they bad
pulled either ahead or astern the accident would not have
taken place.—Examination continued : Witness thought the
steamer might have been stopped earlier, because it came
right upon the men in the skiff before that was done.
—Mr. J. Tarfeate, lockmaster of the Surrey Canal Docks,
and Mr. J. Whitehall, ship chandler, were called, and gave
evidence of the skill and attention displayed by the captain
of the Eclipse steamer to avoid the accident. The jury re
turned a verdict of " Accidental death." At the close of the
investigation, which lasted many hour's, the coroner informed
Captain Newman that the verdict of the jury exonerated him
from all blame.

INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE OF THE PRIN-
CIPAL COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND THEIR
DEPENDENCIES.

LETTER 11.

Holland, or the kingdom of the Netherlands, as the
country which has demanded the greatest exertion of intel-
ligence on the part of its inhabitants to support its indepen-
dence of say country in Europe, will form the best commence-
ment of our inquinee. Of late our Dutch neighbours have
happily been unusually communicative of statistical returns.
Of 7,600,000 acres which the kingdom measures in area, to the
exclusion of Limburg and Luxemburg (that are rat►er Ger-
man than Dutch), we are told that 5,400,000 acres have to be
freed from the water which annually inundates them,
whether in the shape of rain or floods, by 9,000 windmills,
each of which is estimated to clear 600 acres. 'We are In-
clined to doubt the strict accuracy of this Statement, which

has been adopted by an Edinburgh reviewer, since 2,000,000
of ae►es are said to is uncultivated, in the shape of peat bogs
and arid sands.

The number o(er7L nay exist, and, even if their power be
exaggerated, east testify to the predominiuit festers of the
country. In fact a large portion lies below the level of the
see, sod a still larger below that of the numerous and won-
derful canals constructed with great in and at vast expense
to carry off the water.

Nature seemed therefore to prescribe an agricultural
system, in terms too dictatorial to be mistaken, and the
Dutch have only occasionally allowed themselves to be
diverted from the reasonable path. Spring crops alone are
practicable in the greater part of their srablelend, and green
crops are sure to be the most remunerating and safest. To
import grain and export dairy produce is the simple and
unerring calculation of the Dutch farmer. Were the drain-
age confined to pumping sloae,or to pumping with neenury
water cuttings, as in cur own Bedford level, this mode of
dealing with the land would make agriculture in Holland a
highly remunerating occupation. A dairy farm of 20 ben-
ders or 50 acres, is calculated to yield, from 20 cows,
1,6001ba. of butter and 3,2001 W. of cheese. It will, besides,
supply grazing fora couple of hones.

•
1,60016, at9d C6O 0 0
3,200 .• 30.
20 calres at 2/ 4O 0 0

el 114 13 4 equal to 27.125. Bd. per acre
besides pigs, &c.
The yield, of course, varies very much in different situas
tions, owing to the differences in soil, abundance, and good
condition of farm buildings and other things. It may in
many parts be below the above calculation, but it rises to
31. and 41. per acre on farms which yield 21 and 3 cwt. of
cheese, and a similar proportion of butter, which is not an
uncommon thing on the clay lands of Friesland. The usual
Dutch cheese is made of the skimmed milk. But there
are finer kind* made (or home conaumption, with all
or a portion of the cream left in the milk. The
most highly prized in Holland is the " Schape-
kue" or ewe, milk cheese, which sells at a high
price. Butter and cheese are useful to the dairyman, as
being the shape in which his produce can be sent to distant
markets. The Dutch sell the milk wherever the vicinity of
their numerous large towns affords them an opportunity of
doing so ; and great use is made of the smooth canal naviga-
tion, which does not shake the milk to send it to Amsterdam
and other cities, from distant parts. Where this can be ac•
complished, the return from the land is proportionately
greater by the smaller number of labuarers employed than
on the butter and cheese farms.

A considerable quantity of butter and cheese is exported
annually, chiefly from Harlingen, in Friesland, to this coun-
try. From recently published return*, it would appear that
England takes all that is exported, and that even foreign
butter is imported into some parts of Holland, whilst this
' exportation goes on at others. In 1844 the quantity of butter
imported into England from all parts was 185,511 cwts., or
10,150,000 lbs. Dutch. By the Dutch official reports Hot-
land exported 10,804,000 lbs., and imported 63,600 lbs. in
that year.
The grain importation and exportation was in 1841 :
Import. Expected.
Wheat 2l,l6ol:sits 4,030 lusts of 4,000 lbs.
Bye -
Barley 13,630 „ 9,1102
Oats
Buckwheat.
Hour and meal 1,790,100 lbe. 31,800
These short statements suffice to show that the scale In agri-
culture has turned against white crops, notwithstanding the
good use to which the Dutch put • great deal of the corn
they raise. Nearly all are spring crops, and are sold to
average
Wheat 1,272,225 3luids or 100,000 (Im.
Rye
Barley.
this
Buckwheat 91,233 „ 30,400 „
Kaye and Linseed 1,439,566 „ 470,950 „

The distilleries at Schiedam are said to consume alone
30,000 lads, or three millions of quarters of grain of all
kinds annually. Great Britain alone imported 408,907 pls.
of Dutch Geneva in 1845, of which, however, owing to the
extravagant duty, but 15,504 gals. entered into consumption.
Tobacco is extensively cultivated. We find stated in
14100,233
Utrecht 1168,1408 „
N. Nntbant 101,054 „
B.llollond „

as the yearly crop. Madder is chiefly grown in Zealand ;
the quantity exported in 1844 was 4,020,500 lbs. The
export of flax was 5,000,000 lbs., whereas of hemp there
was 18 million lbs. imported, and but 60,000 lb.. exported
And yet in the face of this judicious selection of crops there
are not counsellors wanted who would persuade the Dutch
farmer to give up his butter, cheese, flax, and madder, crone
that command the highest price going in the markets ef the
world. There ore voices in the chambers who would give
up this vast, growing, and boundless market, presented by
providence and harmonising with all our wants, for the
narrow artificial mart created by high duties on cora.
Since 1836 the Butch have been blessed with a
sliding scale ranging from a duty of 15.. per
quarter on wheat at a market price of 25a. to 455.
market value, when the duty is null. In the famine the
duties were atopended, and it remains to he seen whether
the chambers now sitting will replace them. While our
market price remains above 455. the present duties cannot
much hurt the Dutch. But when they fell, as may
be expected, below it, they can only be saved by what will
be the remedy experienced by English landlords. The de-
mand for dairy produce of all kinds, so well as for meat,
may be expected so much to increase, that Holland, in ad-
diuon to England and Ireland, will scarcely suffice to
meet it.

The case which the Dutch landlord had to show in sup-
port of this supposed protection was much stronger than the
landlord's case in England. In Holland, scarcely a font of
land is tilled that has not, at the cast of large investments,
which are continually being added to, been rescued frogs the
water. The cost of the dykes, and of the whole waterstaat,
or water polies, falls upon the landlord. It is stated that
the large dyke on Walcheren, near Capelle, has east es much
as if it had been built of solid copper. Tnen, in the taxation,
the land and houses see directly and indirectly immensely
taxed. The land, slaughtering, grinding, and registering
taxes make up 16,800,000 florins, or Gs. Gd. per acre on all
cultivated. Malt, spirits, beer, and salt are enormously
taxed. Were the Dutch former. all admirers of Mr. Ricardo's
rule for drawing profit from the land, the exchequer would
be in a bad way.