The Express.
London, England, 1862-09-06 00:00:00

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LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.

ITALY is in mourning, though M. RATTAZZI
smiles, and smiles, as who should say, " Alone I
" did it." Italy is in mourning, though M.
Barnum receives compliments and congratu-
lations from M. THOLTVENEL by telegraph, and
though the Emperor NAPOLEON is more than eats-
fled. The monarchy has escaped all the dangers of
the unknown, though it may be regretted that
Colonel PALLAVICINI could not execute his orders
without violating a flag of truce. The crowd of
silent, but weeping men and women, who, from
the heights above Spezzia, waved a mute and sor-
rowing message of remembrance to the frigate in
which GARIBALDI lay, shattered and • prisoner,
expressed in the voiceless language of the heart
the sentiment of all true Italians at the
tragic irony of fortune that brought back such a
prisoner of state as the Leader of the Tuousann.
At the same hour • solemn Council was sitting in
Turin, consisting of the Cabinet Ministers and of
certain other approved senators and statesmen,
summoned to consider the question of an amnesty,
or of the form of tribunal for judging men who
had levied arms in the KING'S name against the sap-
planters of the Austrians and the soldiersof the Porn.
Had the KING'S own heart been alone consulted,
doubtless an .instant and comprehensive amnesty
would have solved the question without a Council;
but Views Emmarmzi., ever the moat acquiescent
and exact of constitutional rulers, was again within
one month to be compromised and hurt by the
hesitations of a Minister too weak to be capable
of a generous instinct—too puny in spirit to con-
ceive the sovereign grandeur of forgiveness.
Amnesty was in every mind and on every lip as
soon as the defeat of Aspromonte was known ; but
the Officio/ Gazette of Turin was dumb. The
Council had to choose between an immediate and
unconditional
amnesty to men still true and loyal,
though rebellious, or a series of trials before
military commissioners, or a monster trial in a High
Court of Justice. Here was a golden opportunity for
reconciliation not easily regained. Whether it
was that M. RArrAZZI was unable to obtain an
answer from St. Cloud, or whether a pusillani-
mous pedantry prevailed in the deliberations, no
decision was taken, but the Council halted between
the High Court of Justice and military commissions.
It is one of the admirable results of the policy of
the Emperor NAPOLEON that all the odium of
violent and ungenerous measures, of the state of
siege, and of the refusal of an amnesty, recoils
upon his head.
The idea of trying GARIBALDI and his follower
by military commissions is freely attributed to the
counsels of the hero of Strasbourg and Boulogne.
Meanwhile it was reported, and not officially de-
nied, that General CIALDINI, trained unhappily in
the sanguinary school of Spain, was having sum-
marily shot twenty-seven young volunteers, who
might have lived to redeem one generous fault by
an honourable death on the battle-field ; and
General La MARMORA, probably to show his con-
tempt for volunteers, was ordering Italian blood
to be spilt by way of encouragement to the regular
army.

An auspicious event in the Royal House of
Savoy is approaching, the marriage of the amiable
and beloved Princess PIA to the good young King
of PowrunAL. Perhaps M. RArrAzzi is waiting
for the happy day to decree a general amnesty.
This would be a fault ; because an amnesty is a
matter of course on a royal marriage, and the
amnesty for the defeated of Aspromonte should be
spontaneous enough to show that the Italian
Government is at least independent of foreign dic- I
tation in such a case. Every day the amnesty is
delayed it became* more difficult to grant it with
a good grace.
There is one man, however, who is not a proper
subject for an amnesty, and who will probably
demand the most solemn form of trial, if the aris-
tocratic pedants and military martinets are intent
upon bringing all these prisoners to judgment. GA-
RIBALDI tried for his life on a charge of treason;
this would indeed be a masterpiece of policy on the
part of M. RATIAZZI. It would at least be one
of the most moving and pathetic passages in mo-
dern history. The veteran patriot's wounds
would be his advocates. But what of his revela-
tions 4—if the contempt he cannot but feel for his
accusers would permit him to speak 4 Can it be
the desire of M. RATTAZZI'S Imperial patron to
bring before the public gaze of Europe that Roman
question, embodied in the man who defended
Rome against a French army, and who fell

thirteen years later by the hands of Iltis country-
men acting under the orders of the Emperor
NAPOLEON T French policy towards Italy is already
inscrutable enough, unless its object be to drain
the gratitude of Italy to the dregs, and to bury
the past benefits of the French alliance in eternal
:execration and contempt.