The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-07 00:00:00

Efte eypretifi.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
• Mr, • &Mew .4"Tee Tepreee,' esoralalme .be woe @venires
" Gosoge.. p.4ll,bed every Trolley awl Friday etitat, La Uwe
OW Poor.
*dm, orate entered/4 "Tbe Uprise," Looks E.`s;all pew,
skew er Uw mere, 14 trweverrostrert, 9y Two Vetere es Use
ay of ppkiiitSUOll.

MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE
Tim D.v—flame[. ao, fli AR'rraa. oi• 411 L
I.34oaavr —Santa& 11. 3a Artemis. lk. 23A.

LONDON, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7.

WE are not surprised ►t the immense amount of emi-
gration taking place from Ireland and from England
towards the American contine..q. The marvel is, that
it did not take place long ago. The temptation held out
by a land of no rent, no religiou+ distinctions, no
tax woe upon property, is too strong to be resisted
by those in whose path of life all these
difficulties and privations are strewn. 'The great
preventives to emigration—dearness of tranoport,
_ . laud

in and ignorance of the

" tin 're going to"—these have been done away
with: The poor Irishman has more friends and re-
latives west of the Atlantic than eastward of it, and
his trans-Atlantic relations extend to him the arm
and the money to help him over.
Nor is it merely material suff rings. at home, and
advantages of the same class abroad, that prompt the
Irishman to depart. Ile has been pinched in his
belly, no doubt, hut he has been more grievously
wounded in his pride. Year after year his champions
have been telling him that the hour of his millennium
was about,to come. In the year so and so, Ireland
wan to be?lailsendent and free, power was to depart
from the Saxon and ascendancy from his creed,
and the Irish were to be happy under a'
catholic government and a totally new p'yiner.
Those Whil believed fervently in this, and millions
were made to do so, cannot put up contentedly
with the sober and humiliating truth, that the race
is still under oppression, from which years of pinee
and industry, and enlightenment and content alone
can raise them. Pride has gone hand in hand with
povedrty in expelling the Irishman from his native
lan.

There is anotherclass that feels equally the necessity
of fluv,unithog from the Irish sod, and this class
feels t lie neeessity of flitting even more from England
than from Inland. It is the class of unskilful

agrietilturimtm.

These are men wk.. can make

nothing of hind, tin more than they can of life, mi-
les, under the most favourable circutnstances. These
do wi II to quit the British .bores, where life to the
cunt r is a severe struggle, rtspiiring all the arts that
education, industry, and happy temperament can
give. The Essex calf and the Tipperary tiger had far
better quit the culture of cold day and con-acre,
than go on delving until the one finds an end in a poor-
house, and vindictiveness leads the other to the front

of a gaol. Let us hope that by a natural process these
count:4l4am Hinging off that portion of the popula-
tion which ran host he aimed.
But even taking all theta causes largely into ac-
count, a great portion of the fumed emigration from
Ireland lien at the door of the landlord. Ito has

evict' d largely. Whatever nierq he might once
have had upon the RI platter has, since the epoch of
the poor law, vanished. Ile must not only have
rent, but a tenant on a hom he can depend to pay

it. lie finds it cheaper to let him laid go out.. of
oulthstion than to people it with paupers. hence
labour ham grown scarce in many evicted districts.
Large estates arc at this moment to be found in
the western province, on which there has not been
a permanent letting during the last five years, be-
cause no man would take land at the rent and

on the tenure for which the owner holds

out. And while tine speeches are made in
parliament by ministers, about assimilation and
rdrntitieation of institutions, the English public will
probably marvel at learning that under no cireum-
'tames is outdoor relief tolerated at the present
manila in the sister kingdom. We are not now
arguing fur or against a particular mode of poor
relief. The workhouse test may be in the abstract
right and necessary as a fundamental rule in an
ordinary state of society. But in a country
where, in the space of four years, 268,000
houses have been leielled to the ground,
and where many of the owners of property keep
up rents in the hope of regaining a protective price
Cr cora, to unhouse and to refuse land, when there
is no class us yet to employ labour, is literally to bid
the peasantry go to .Amenca, if they can, and starve,
if they cannot.
'We are led to these remarks by reading the follow-
ing passage in the Galway I'indiratur
. _

Inion fortnight, as the returns of the relieving officers
'how, tillf additional paupers have been midis' to the bur-
den of the impoverished union of Outerard. Of these, 531
have berm expelled from their homes by the Law Life As-
Barmier Company, and 89 by Laird Oranmore, whose pro.
pity a. now in the lneumbervd Estates Court. It is ex-
pected that the eviction returns, which the relieving officers
age ra 'king out for the present week, will chow a still
rester increase in the number of exterminations, and a
is rapid neaten.. in the work of demolition. When the
b 00... are levelled, it is a kind of proclamation that no hit,
tam habitation shall again be tolerated on the estate--an
Intimation that it is nut in contemplation to substitute a'
MuTe improving, and, perhaps, a more industrious, tenantry,
than those evicted. The Law Lifo Assurance Company
were mortgagees on the property of the late Colonel Martin.
who inherited, what might be justly termed, the princi-
pality of lialliaahiach. They took it with all its incont-
beam-, 1— with its neglected, uneducated anal poverty-
Meieken inhabitants; but they have done nothing to im-
prove their condition—they have done nothing to increase
the value of the voperty, or develop the rich mineral re.
sosines which are known to exist in that part of the coun-
try. At the Spring Quarter Sessions for Clifden, they is-
Instvl qr.:laicals fu► about 6,000 individuals.

Now we dare say there is a gnat deal of exagge-
ration in this account. We also beer in mind that
the Assurance Cunqrany mentioned had come into
possession of the Ballinahinch property by no desire
of its own, but as of the consequence of having
lent money to an Irish landed proprietor. We must
admit also that the duty of the managers of that
insurance company is first and chiefly to consult the
interests of their subscribers and of their company.
But thu ejection of 6,000 individuals from one dis-
trict of a country one district of these islands, is a
fearful thing; l'arful in the immediate amount of
evil. pernicious in its result, that of irremediably
depopulating the country. A Dublin journal,
mentioning the circumstances, quotes the re-
marks made by the Times the other day to
the purport that the Celts were dying out, and would
be replaced by a more docile and serviceable race,"
a cruel and a dangerous word to drop from an Eng-
lish pen upon Irish ears. But in truth the Conne-
mani peasant is as docile and serviceable as race
can be. He was not bitten by that pride
or that hopo of a political millennium, which
came in aid of landlord proscription to de-
populate the counties of Limerick and Cork. lle,
poor creature, was ready to live and let live ; and
yet we see him fall. Capital has not flowed into the
country with new masters, and no effort is made to I
enable him to bide over the evil time. When i
his labour will be required, and we have no doubt
it will ho so, the Connemara peasant will have gone.
Eeplaecd by the English labourer he cannot be, so
that capital will find no hands•to employ. As to a
farmer or an owner of small property, we may ima-
gine how fast they must disappear from a country
where thousands are flung upon the rates.
This is a line of conduct and a state of things
which demand something more than supineness on
the part of government, or cold speculation on the
part of journalists. We hold inquests upon indivi-
duals killed ; shall no inquest be held on the anni-
hilation of multitudes?

IN the remarkable series of correspondence which
has taken place on the subject of Aan.EL-KAnea
and his imprisonment, wo are sorry to we that the
PRI N a•Es comes off worst. Lord Los DON DERRY writes
a spirited and noble appeal ; whilst the PRINCES, who
take up the pen to cajole or revile him, indite as
shabby and as vulgar a pair of epistles as can be well
conceived.
Lord LONDONDERRY'S letter is chivalric, but im-

-.—
politic. What being, except the MARQUIS himself,
could have told a modern monarch or president, that
" nut even the loss of more of his brave army in
Algeria" ought to be put in comparison with his lair
fame for generosity and truth. A more adroit ad-
vocate would have represented the unlikelihood of
Anii-r.1.-Kstmes ever raising again the standard of
resistance in Algeria. But to sta as a robability,
and as one that Louts NAPOLEte ON oughtp not to
shrink from, the sacrifice of more French soldiers,

am carrying into modem diplomacy a de-
gree of chivalry, which, we are sorry to say,
is quite exploded on the wide continent of Europe.
Thum is not one of the 33 millions of French,
lot would laugh to scorn such an appeal, and
s aorvel is that Louts Naroteoft himself passed
k over without a rejoinder.
There cannot be the least doubt that ARD-RL-
KAMM surrendered to one of the princes of the than
reigning house of France on conditions; one of those
conditions being, that he himself was to be tram-
ported to, and set at liberty in, some town of
the Levant. Nor is there a doubt that the
father of the young prince broke his son's
solemn word, and kept Aso-EL-KADER a prisoner.
The only pretext that could be alleged, was "the
good of the state," that which has covered every
meannessand every treachery, and which covered the
forcing the Queen of SPAIN into a marriage she dis-
liked, against the solemn promise of King LOUIS-
PHILIPPE and his ministers to England. Bad faith
hes stamped every great and signal act of the
ORLEANS family, whilst upon the throne. They
never achieved a triumph or acquired an advantage,
but at the price of some treachery or some mean
'subterfuge.
But we cannot say that the English have very
clean hands. The mode in which they have treated
Indian princes for even the last fifty years, which is
even at this day continued, and brazened out, rather
than e,e'nlained away—this leaves us small right to
fling stones at French unscrupulosity, or even charge
the }louse of ORLEANS with luring and decoying
Oriental pricices to their ruin by faLsc conventions and
deceitful precasts, We have no more right to
send forth a preix chevalier to do battle for ABD-EL-
KADEI, than Fra..ice has to send General LAMORI-
CIERE to challenge' Sir Jesus WEIR HoGO or any
other Anglo-Indian leilitician for their conduct to the
Niz.%M or the Rajah o; SATTARAII.
Leudenholl-street w,. be a better match for
Loris NAPOLEON and In.s war minister. As to the I
answer of the PRESIDE:NI to the Mencius, there is
something awkward on the face of it. Why
negotiate with Turkey in the matter ? Why
have recourse to the experieinv and weight of Gen.
AUPICK, or the profound segue sty of the Marquis do
LAVALETTE? Way it that the 7 might induce the
Sevres to become the jailer of Anti-EL-KADER—te
keep him in another Kotaya, seem e from interference
with the Kabyles of Algeria? 'is quite evident
that this was running in tt I'm:smuts
head, whilst absolute freedom 11 'as the dream
of the Meant:ls. The SULTAN .has a natural
and honourable dislike to be jailer for any
potentate, whether him of Austria or ut * France, and
so has liberated Kossyrit, and refused to keep guard
over Auto-EL-KADER. Here, no daub, `, was the
obatack to Louts NaeotEoN's gratifying what he
himself describes as " noble sentiments ,9* his sad."
A Prince called upon to do an act of justie c, huma-
nity, and courage, and an act that he promise d to do,
and who excuses himself by hinting at some o. 'studs
to the noble sentiments of his heart, gives at once
the measure of his sentiments and his addesse.
But Loris NAI'oLEoN was after all hampered by
political considerations, and was not his own master.
Ile is in no position to " make sacrifices of more of the
brave French army in Algeria" to his generosity or his
point of honour. But what shall we say to the let-
ter of the Duke of NEMOURs, the head of the OR-
LEANs family, who writes a brief note to
the Mortally l'oat, to declare what the
Maine:is said to be calumny, but without
offering the slightest argument or proof iu support of
the deuegatiou. Is the DUISE a Pope, that we
should take his word in contradiction of the facts
of history ? The Duke of NEMoURS rebuts with
hautenr,lle tellll us, the charges of the Marquis of
LoNnoNneatcY. Could he nut condescend to rebut
them with some arguments more conclusive and
more rational, as well as with a sentiment more be-
coming his position and more suitable to his
relation with the unfortunate Ewa ? And
then the royal Duke charges in his turn the noble
Marquis with a crime. lie has taken the part of
ABO-EL-KADER, and shown how ill the French king,
I.4)cts-PitturrE, behaved towards him, and yet the
Meetly's has upon, some occasion partaken of Louts-
Pitturres hospitality. The AIARQUIS was in-
vited to the Tuilenes, and dined there. He
ate a bad dinner, we will be bound to
say, and drank indifferent wine. But the ho-
nour ought to have closed the Mvinauts's mouth
for ever, incapacitated him from doubting or express-
ing his doubts of the political honour of the
ORLEANS, and sealed up every rising sentiment of
pity for an exiled prince who happened to be an
Arab. The culinary retort upon the NI elletels would
have been more appropriate in the mouth of the
chef' de cuisine of the house of ORLEANS than in that
of its eldest son. It is pitiable. And it reminds us of
an anecdote of the Duke of BORDEAUX, who, whilst
making a copious breakfast, was surrounded by
some courtiers and exiles, who bored him with their
I.Pu/ices. Shaking off their lugubrious ad-
drcsocs, the prince fell once more upon the viands,
and exclaimed in the midst of his mastication,
Celt; 'outage. In this, at least, is comfort."

(Prom the /Milt' News.)

IT is singular that at the very moment at which
the abolition of the newspaper stamp has been ren-
dered less probable by the report of the select com-
mittee to whom the subject was referred, the Board
of Inland Revenue should have become more active
in the construction and enforcement of the act under
which a duty is levied upon advertisements.
The very recent attempt to charge as advertise-
meats portions of the ordinary news contained in
many newspapers under the heading of "arrivals and
departures' will be within the recollection of our
readers, and the correctness of the contrary construc-
tion of the law adopted and acted upon by us has,
upon consideration in the proper quarter, been ad-
mitti3l, and the claim to the payment of duty been
abandoned. We stated at that time that the au-
thorities at Somerset-house had laid down other

rules of interpretation, wwhich were, in our opinion,
of a very doubtful character, and that it might be
desirable to bring to an early decision the real mean-
ing of the act, but we determined to wait until such
roles of interpretation were again put forward by-
the board, before we entered upon the risk and cost
of raising the question.
The time has already come. In another column
will be found "a remonstrance," extracted from the

Hastings and Sr. Leonard. Neers, against the impo-
sition of four separate duties upon one advertise-
ment, and the doctrine laid down in that case is
directly the reverse of that which wo believe to
be the true and fair meaning of the act of parlia-
ment under which the duty is levied, and by which
a tax of Is. lid. is imposed " for and in respect of
every advertisement contained in or published with
any gazette or other newspaper."
In the case complained of by our contemporary,
an individual in a country town hadbecome agent fur
four different insurance companies. This is a very
ordinary mode by which persons in the country seek
to increase their incomes, and is the trade or wea-
-1 pation of such persons; but the whole value of the
\appointment depends upon its notoriety in the dis-
trict. Such an individual, therefore, advertised the
fact in the local paper, and because in this one adver-
tisement he stated that he was agent to these four
insurance companies, the Board of Inland Revenue
charges upon it six shillings, or, to use their own
language, " four duties in consequence of it relating
to four different Fire and Life Insurance offices,
' and as it refers to four distinct interests,
the assessment in four duties is perfectly
correct." Now, the fact is obvious that
this one advertisement was inserted for the one sepa-
rate and specific interest, the advertiser, and to at-
tract to himself that business which would entitle
him to commission. That the insurance offices would
thereby gain an advantage is true, but only the same
character of advantage which results to the whole-
sale hwise by the sale of the hats and coats which
are advertised by a retail dealer, and the primary
object here was the same as it is with every retail
dealer, namely, the announcement of his business
and of his wares.
Now the position which we maintain is this, that
the proprietors of newspapers are liable to the pay-
ment of Is. tid. in respect of each bona file
advertisement which appears in their journals,
and that more cannot legally bo demanded
In respect of any advertisement which has
reference to one individual or firm, or to
several persons engaged in a joint adventure, and to
the goods or property which they have for sale or
disposal, or to the offices which such advertisers dis-
charge. It must at least be admitted that our view