The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-16 00:00:00

others
have
a
Pieceas it was received, and 901. of bad silver was d.
manufacturernot ne,cesst
or uaiy
taken, but only one piece of bad gold, and that was De producerstamP
thanits
(rived the prize medal. It is rather a mark of such inven-
tion, ingenuity, or originality as may be expected to exer-
fluence upon industry more extended, and more
lintoererownonticesvattbsiethfcacmtesist,
ni.n
an
in
important, than could be produced by mere excellence of
nea
that net
stefb half-sovereign.
n all t t
he 6al:l4menumehFey
manufacture.
crown and fire shillinj days. The cash was received
This is to be borne in mind in considering the lint of'
was taken on the half-
by 18 money takers : on the very heavy days six
swirls
which I have the honour to lay before your Royal
extra ones being employed during the busiest hours. highness ; I trust that it will be found that the juries have
From them it was gathered by three or four money succeeded in doingjustice to the exhibitors of every nation and
porters, the purpose of her Majody's Coottutesioners
with the task of counting it. From them it went to deftrirnece
theof
who carried it to four collectors, charged sloes, and that they have not departed in any important
first instructions addreseed to the jur
by
two tellers, who verified the sum, and handed it to the Council of Chairmen was to the effect that the priersle
the final custody of the chief financial officer, M.' should be awarded without reference to the country of the
F. G. Carpenter, who locked each day's amount In exhibitors, the Exhibition being considered in this respect
whenhi in boxes, each holding 6101., it weal It is gratifying to add that the jurors of every country
cordially acquiesced in this principle, and that notwith-
ar iron chests in the building till next a, recognising no distinction of nations.
standing unavoidable differences of opinion, uninterrupted
a r harmony prevailed amongst them throughout the whole
company of dragoons at the least would be called
borne off in a hackney cab in charge of a Bank of
BEnglandmorningPc u
course of their labours. It is not too much to hope that the
out to guard such a treasure. The first shilling day happy influence of this intercourse may extend aud endure
clerk and a Bank porter. In Paris, ;
produced the smallest daily amount received, which ,fe
lt is ynot necessary Is ho
that should detain your Royal Ilighnem
was 9201. 2s. ; the last shilling day but ono afforded and her Majesty's Commissioners with a recital of the other
Iwond the t casion.
the largest daily taking, it being 34.--khove-
instructions framed by the Council of Chairmen for the
ing how the classes essentially the /ample increased guidance of the juries, or with a detailed account of their
their support of a display where so much might be ! proceedings in the discharge of their own (unct oss.
admired and so much be learned. The number of prize medals awarded is 2,918. The
hnumber of council medals is 170.
Is the
6dh.caviest receipts.
The lightest
of lis imjairtant to observe that no more than one medal
T
either
denomination has been allotted to one exhibitor
wisei: e
r as
in the same class, although he may have contributed tu that
leNall amounted
ot
tul7weteeed k
firsttoof 2atill;itgnei v. el
five shilling week, 10,2981. 95.;
the next lightest week being tho first shilling week, I class more than one article deserving of reward.
when 11,1231. ss. was taken. This money was The juries have frond it just, in framing their report%
to make honourable mentionofeertaiu exhibitors whose con-
Zibmuetions were not such as to entitle them
received in all forms, ranging between farthing~ and
to remise a medal.
ten-pound notes, Contrary to the notices exhibited, have supplied specimens of raw materials which,
although curious, and instructive, do not imply any great
change tens given. Oecusional:y foreigners gave
Napoleons, and these coins being mistaken for Rove- merit of production on the part of the exhibitor; and them
reigns,they received nineteen shillings out,and liberty have furnished articles of manufacture which, without
reaching a high degree of excellence, are interesting as ex-
of admission into the bargain. The monies of
America, Hambur Germany, and France were
zmples of the processes or present condition of the trades
g,
often tendered and taken, The total number of Welt they illustrate
Before concluding,. I trust I may be allowed to ad, that
visitors from the Ist of May to the 11th of October it would he difficult duly to estimate the time and labour
was 6,003,986. At one time, on Tuesday week, there expended by the jurors in their endeavour to discharge
were no des titan 92,0011 persons in the building, faithfully the important duty coif fided to them. The mou-
s
the largest number (so far its is known) ever congre-
her of exhibitors was about 17,000. Of these many, who
ted under one roof. (In the same day tho total kontd but once in the catalogue, coutibuted a
ga
ere
r e r'c
variety of objects, and came within, the province
number of visitors reached the enormous total of of more than one jury; whilst in other cases
109,913. On ono occasion no less than 28,833 per- towns, and even whole countries, were counted as
sons entered the doors in a single hour. single exhibitor, although they presented fur exami-
nation every kind of manufacture and raw produce
Let us, however, give a tabular summary of tho which their ingenuity and natural resources could furnish.
money taken, and then turn to the proceedings of Upon the whole, the task of the juries involved the consi-
yesterday. What may be called the daily receipts deration and judgment of at least a million articles; tho
were as follows: difficulties attending it being not a little inenused by the
Season tickets ♦ £67,610 14 0 want of a uniform system of classification of the ',objects in
'Leyden, at door
Retiring rooms
Washing places
Taking charge of umbrellas
Profits from medals struck in building 851 16 10 they have the satisfaction of feeling that these, if any, arc
- not attributable to a want of care or diligence on their
part.
It now only remains for me, in laying the result of our
dl' of
;moyt.n
and to
respectfully before your Royal highness and her
in
cker, oenniodwlactekel::.
honourablelela‘igj tsyssnt(l:momnyiteil:fi Commissioners
err s
whichg rtaot ;fooufful
express the hope that we shall be found to have fulfilled our
trust in a manner worthy of the noble undertaking in which
we are proud to have been called upon ti bear part.
Viscount Canning having resumed his scut,
PRINCE ALBERT rose, and after the cheering
which greeted him had subsided into silence, de-
livered the following address:
Mr Lonn,—The Royal Commissioners are much indebted
to your lordship, and to the distinguished gentlemen of
this and other nations, who have acted on the juries
entrusted with the award of the prizes in the recent
Exhibition, for the zeal with which they have under-
taken, and the ability with which they have ful-
filled, the task which has been allotted to them.
The commissioner; are sensible that the services
of these gentlemen have in many inetatteass been
rendered at great inconvenience to themselves, and at
the sacrifice of very valuable time, and of important avoca-
tions. It is with pride and pleasure that they ;lave noticed
in the lists of those who have performed this service to the
Exhibition the names of men of every nation, of the most
exalted rank, and of the most eminent reputations in
statesmanship, in science, in literature, in manufactures, in
commerce, and in the fine arts; of men in every respect
well calculated not only to form a correct technical lodg-
ment upon the merits of the articles submitted to their in-
spection, but also to maintain the high character which the
Commissioners have uniformly striven to impart to the
xhibition.
In no department of the vast undertaking which has just
been brought to a happy close were greater difficulties to
have been apprehen led than in that in which your lord-
ship and your eminent colleagues have given your itssist-
slice. On this, the first occasion on which the productions
of the differ; ut nations of the globe have ever liven brought
together for the purpose of comparing their several merits,
not only were prejudices and jealousies to have been expecte&
to interfere with the divisions, but the nature of the MO
presented many difficulties of it formidable character to the
formation of a pffignieut which should appear satisfactory
to all. The names of the jurors, indeed, whets
once made known, were of themselves a sufficient gua-
rantee for that impartiality which was essential to
the fulfilment of their task; uttd, from all that has come to
the knowledge of the Royal Commissioners during the pro-
gress of thi it labours, they are fully satisfied that every
award has been made with the most careful consideration,
after the must ample and laborious investigation, and upon
grounds most strictly honourable, just, and candid.
But although the high character of the jurors would
have fully justified the Commissioners in entrusting them
with the award of the prizes without fettering their discretion
with any instructions whatever, had nothing more than an
impartial decision been required, there were difficulties ofa
very peculiar nature inherent to the taak,which tiVettled Wren-
der necessary the adoption of some regulations that might,
at first sight, appear to have here somewhat arbitrary in their
character. The differences in the wanton(' various nations
having necessarily impressed their several manufacture%
with different characteristics, it would seem to be utmost im-
possible fur those who have been in the habit of judging tho
productions of their own country by one stirulard, to eater
fully into merits which can only be onmerly appreciated
by another standard, since the very points which in the ono
case appear to be excellencies, may in the other, not fines
turally, be taken as defects. his consideration, and a
knowledge of the evils which were to be apprehended from
any accidentally erroneous decision, in a matter so inti-
mately connected with the commercial interests of every
nation, induced the royal comminionera to lay down, for
the guidance of the juries, those principles to which your
lordship het referred.
It would perhaps have been more interesting to the
public had the commissioners instructed the juries to
follow the practice which has usually prevailed in
the Exhibitions of individual nations, and to grant
medals of different degrees to mark the gradations
of excellence among the exhibitors ; but they feel that
they have adopted the safer course, and that which wag
upon the whole most in accordance with the feelings of the
majority of the exhibitors, in directing that no distinction
should be made between their merits if their productions
eaine up to the standard requisite to entitle them to a prize,
but that all should without exception take the same rank
and receive the same medal.
The Commissioners, however, considered it right to
place at the disposal of the Council of Chairmen a peculiar
or "council" medal in the caeca to which your lordship
has referred. Important discoveries in many branchea of
science and of manufactures have in this Exhibition been
bought under the notice of the public; and it seems just
that those who have rendered services of this kind to the
world, should receive a special mark of acknowledgment on
an occasion which has rendered so conspicuous the advan-
tages which the many have derived from cite discoveries of
the few.
The grant of the Council Medal for beauty of design, and
for excellence in the fine arts, us applied to manufactures,
though made upon a somewhat different principle, is also
compatible with the views of the Commissioners, since in
the cases in which it has been given it does not mark any
greater comparative excellence of manufacture, or assign
to one producer a higher place than is accorded to others,
but is to be regarded as a testimony to the genius which
can clothe the articles required for the use of daily life
with beauty, that can please the eye, ;and instruct
and elevate the mind. Valuable as this Exhibition
has moved in many respects, it appears to the
Commissioners that there is no direction in which its effects
will be more sensibly and immediately perceived than in
the improvement which it may be expected to produce in
taste, and the impulse it has given to the arta of design;
and a special acknowledgment is justly due to those who
have afforded the best examples of art, whether pure or
applied, and led the way in this interesting career of im-
provement.
It now remains for the Commissioners once more to
return to your lordship and your colleagues their cor-
dial thank, ; and they must nut omit to include in these ac-
knowledgements thew gentlemen who have in various ways
' assisted you in your labours, particularly those who have
acted with you as associates or experts for the pursose of
assisting your judgment in matters requiring very minute
and special knowledge of particular subjects : and the Com-
mission ere well aware that these gentlemen have fre-
quently been of the greatest service. In the hope that
the jurors and associates might desire to possess a lasting
memorial of the Exhibition, a special medal has been
, struck in commemoration of their important services.
' It is the intention of the Commissioners to publish not
only the names of those to whom the juries have awarded
prizes, but also the valuable reports which they have pre-
pared on the state of science, art, and manufactures, in the
several branches of the Exhibition with which the juries
have been conversant. The Itoyal Commissioners
fully appreciate the zeal and talent displayed by those
jurors who have accepted the laborious office of reporters to
the juries; and they doubt nut that their reports will form
most interesting records of this Exhibition, and will afford
important materials for ascertaining the progress of human
industry:, at any future time, when another review of its
productions, like the present, may be determined on.
It now becomes my pleasing duty, on behalf of the
Royal Commissioners, to deliver my most sincere acknow-
ledgments and thanks for the hearty co-operation and
support which the Exhibition has constantly received
from foreign countries. The foreign Commissioners,

£429,000 6 10

The other receipts were :
Subscriptions
Catalogue contract
11cfnAnnent contract
Sale of weather charts 7 It It

Grind total £505,107 5 7

Yesterday, after the Prince took his seat on the plat-
form, Viscount Canning read the following report
on presenting the Award of the juries to the royal
commission. The vastness of the place rendered it
almost impossible for his lordship to be heard be-
yond the immediate circle in which he stood.
Viscount Canning said:
Ilaving had the honour of acting as President of the
Council of Chairmen of the Juries, it falls to me to lay
before your Royal Highness and her Majesty's Commis-
sioners the reports of the several juries upon the subjects
submitted to them for examination, and the num. s of the
exhibitors whom they have judged entitled to rewards.
In doing so, it will be convenient that I should state
briefly the principle upon which, by the authority of her
Majesty's Commissioners, the juries were constituted.
The various subjects included in the Exhibition were
divided, in the first instance, into thirty classes. Of these,
two were subsequently found to embrace fields of action too
large for single juries, and were therefore divided into such
juries. This increased the number of acting juries to thirty-
four.
Each of these thirty•feur juries consisted of an equal
number of British subjects and of foreigners. The British
juror- were selected by her Majesty's Commissioners from
lista furnished by the Local Committees of various towns,
each town being invited to recommend persons of skill and
information in the manufactures or produce for which it is
remarkable. The foreign jurors were appointed by
authorities in their own countries, in such re alive propor-
tion amongst themselves as was agreed upon by the foreign
commissioners sent hero to represent their respective govern-
ments.

In the event of a jury finding themselves deficient in
technical knowledge of any article submitted to them, they
were empowered to call in the aid of associates. These
associates, who acted OA advisers only, without a vote, but
whose services were of the greatest value, were selected
either from the jurymen of other classes, or from the lists of
persons who had been recommended as jurors, but who had
not been permanently appointed So any jury.
Each jury was superintended by a chairman, chosen from
its number by her Majesty's Commissioners. The deputy-
chairman and the reporter were elected by the jurors
themselves. _ .

Such was the constitution of the thirty-four juries taken
singly. They did not, however, act independently of each
other, inasmuch as they were associated into six groups,
each group consisting of such juries as hail to deal with
subjects in some degree of kindred nature; and before
any decision of a jury could be considered as final,
it was required that it should be brought before the
assembled group of which that jury formed a part, and that
it should be approved by them.
The chief object of this provision was that none of the
many foreign nations taking part in the Exhibition should
incur the risk of seeing its interests overlookeil or ne-
glected from the accident (an unavoidable one in many
instances) of its being unrepresented in any particular jury.
Each group of juries received the assistance of a deputy
commissioner and of a special commissioner, appointed by
her Majest)•'s Commissioners to record its proceedings, to
furnish information respecting the arrangements of the
Exhibition, and otherwise to facilitate the labours of the
juries composing the group.
It was further determined by her Majesty's Commis-
sioners that the chairmen of the juries, consisting of
British subjects and of foreigners in equal numbers,
should be formed into a council ; and that the duties of the
council should he, to determine the conditions upon which,
in accordance with certain general principles previously
laid down by her Majesty's Commissioners, the different
prizes should be awarded ; to frame rules to guide the work-
ing of the juries; and to secure, as far as possible, unifor-
mity in the result of their proceedings.
These arc the most important features of the system upon
which the jurors found themselves organised. I will now
refer hr icily to their course of action.
The Council of Chairmen, in proceeding to the discharge
of their duties, were met at the outset by a serious difficulty.
Her Majesty's COTlllll.6.9lOllCril had expressed themselves de-
sirous that merit should be rewarded wherever it presented
itself, but anxious at the Mille time to avoid the recognition
of competition between individual exhibitors. They had
also decided that the prizes should consist in three medals
of different sizes ; and that these should be awarded, not as
first, second, and third in degree for the same class of sub-
jects and merit, but as marking merit of different kinds and
character.

The Council of Chairmen found, to their regret, that it
would be impossible to lay down any rules for the award-
ing of the three medals by which the appearance at least of
denoting different degrees of success amongst exhibitors in
the same branch of production could be avoided. Acceord-
ingly, after fully explaining their difficulty to her Majes.y's
Commissioners, they requested, as a course by which it
might be materially diminished, that one of the medals
might be withdrawn.
Of the remaining two, they suggested that one, the prize
medal, should be conferred wherever a certain standard of
excellence in production or workmanship had been attained
—utility, beauty, cheapness, adaptation to particular markets,
and other elements of merit being taken into consideration
according to the nature of the object ; and they recom-
mended that this medal should be awarded by the juries,
subject to confirmation by the groups
In regard to the other and larger medal, they suggested
that the conditions of its award shou:d be some important
novelty of invention or application, either in material, or I
processes of manufacture, or originality combined with
great beauty of design ; but that it should not be conferred ;
for excellence of production or workmanship alone, how-
ever eminent; and they further suggested that this medal
should be awarded by the council of chairmen upon the
recommendation of a jury, supported by its group.
The principle thus described met the views of her Ma-
jeaty's COM.ll263iollCre, and was subsequently further de-
'eloped by them in a minute which they communicated
to the Council of Chairmen. Its application, however,
was not without difficulties, especially as regarded
the foreign jurors. Many of these had taken part
tl in the national exhibitions of France and Germany ; and
1 to them the distinctive character of the two medals, and the
avoidance of all recognition of degrees of merit between the
recipients of prizes, were novel principles, and at variance
with their experience ; inasmuch u one of the chief pur-
poses of the national exhibitions of the Continent has been
to distinguish the various degrees of success attained by
rival exhibitors.
It was to be expected, therefore, that cases would arise
in which the council medal, as the higher reward, would
be asked for exhibitors whose claims were only somewhat
stronger in degree, without differing in kind from those of
others to whom the prize medal had been awarded. In
such cans it became the duty of the Council of Chairmen
to refuse their sanction to th, award of the council medal ;
without, however, necessarily impugning the alleged supe-
, riority of the article for which it was demanded. On the
' other hand, sonic instances have occurred in which they
' have felt themselves calkd upon to confirm the claim to a
! council medal where the object for which it ran claimed
showed, is itself, less merit of execution or ma-
I nufacture than others of its class. It follows,
L therefore, that the award of a council medal