The Express.
London, England, 1847-04-14 00:00:00

Y -EVENING, APRIL 14, 1847.

Aare you say doubt that the existing state of sewers in the
City to the latent cause of mush disgust) and death I—l have
tot the lean doubt of it in the world. A great deal of ac-
tive disease, which creeps on gradually and insidiously, may
be traded to that cause.—Do you consider that a correct ac-
count 1-1 think I can expiate that. List September the
oommissioners were about to repave Broad-street, and they
always take advantage of the repivement of a street to trap
the gullies; sad when the gullies bad to be trapped, the
li sewer was cleansed out, an a matter of course, to commence
with.—lt might not ►ave been cleansed for nine years be-
fore ?—No.
Mr. HENRY DLLNICARNE, a surgeon in the City of
London Union, u asked :
• •

- .
Are yon aware that in respect to sewerage, it is the prac-
tice to allow deposits to accumulste in the sewers, and then,
when the private drains are stopped up, to open the sewer
and get out the deposit by meaty of buckets, :and remove it
in carts ?—Yes, I am—Have you seen any illness result
from this prance ?—I cannot state a case, though I have
no doubt of its highly injurious erects ; but can decidedly
speak to illness arising from the accumulations. The ill-
ness is just the same as from cesspools; a low depressing
nervous fever, most like that which is described to be the
form of the jungle-fever. In November or December last
they were taking up the deposits from the sewers near
Broken Wharf, in Upper Thames-street; the stench from''
it was quite sufficient to have produced any fern. ; it was
not within my district, and I do not know what were the
effects. Fortunately there was clear weather, and the wind
bl:w towards the riven—Have you any doubt that the 111,
moral of such refuse, as well as the accumulation, must bs
attended with danger to life ?—Yes; if any person in a
state of mental or bodily depression were exposed to such
an influence, it would produce low fever; it would be den-
serous in proportion as it was stagnant. —ln passing the
the City, have you been assailed with smells from ray
holes?—Only yesterday, in passing through the City, tins
smells from many of the gullyhules were very offensive;
and several medical friends agree wi.h me in attributing
extremely prejudicial consequences as arising from this
cause. The Commission have so sewer at Broken Wharf;
Ido not know what particular sewer it refers to. The
sewer in Thames attest has been occasionally obstructed by
floating substances washed there by the river, sad es
sionally the head-water has not been sufficient adman is.
Again, we cannot understand, if the drainage el
Loudon is perfect, how there should exist such plates
as the courts near St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate—nests
of pestilence and filth, from which fever is never ab-
sent the whole year round. There is one explanation
of Mr. KELSEV'a perfect satisfaction with this state
of things. He informs us, in his evidence, .• that he
&isnot smell." This is certainly a very comfortable
peculiarity for a City surveyorof sewers. But we cannot
be quite satisfied with the report upon stenches of •
gentleman whose olfactory powers are thus deficient.
We are sadly afraid that the commissioners have taken
too much on trust of their gifted surveyor. We
would respectfully recommend them to smell for them-
selves. We have no doubt that Dr. LYNCH is per-
fectly able and perfectly willing to take them to
scenes, within five minutes' walk of the Mansion-
house, which will satisfy them that something re-
mains to be done even in the City.
But it most not be forgotten, in estimating what
the City commission has done and left undone, that
its circumstances aro peculiar and favourable. It

comprises within its juiisdiction a greater amount of
wealth and a less dense resident population than any
surrounding metropolitan district; one, too, in which
is comprised a great length of old sewerage work,
some of it probably even now unknown to the stir-
veyors. The great defects in the drainage and clean-
ing of the city of London, where everything is pecu-
liarly favourable to the operations of the commis-
sioners, are so many arguments in favour of Lord
MORPETEeB measure applicable to places less fortu-
nately situated.
The commissioners rely most on what they have
done in the way of sewerage. But sewerage without
drainage is useless, and sewerage without flushing
apparatus positively mischievous. The City sewerage
has no corresponding system of drains, and no
machinery for flushing. The sewerage of a district
under the present system is really placed in the
hands of two or three persons, though nominally
entrusted to a commission of fifty. At least as much
field for activity would remain open to the City func-
tionaries under the proposed as under the present
system. There is one way in which they may pre-
serve that freedom of local action which they so
prize, without throwing weighty obstacles in the
way of sanitary reform. Let them co-operate with
the officials proposed by the bill. If they do this,
they will find themselves precisely in their present
position, except that they will have larger powers of
good. They will be able to do all they can do now
and something more. If they are even now doing
their duty, the new Board of Health and Public
Works will show no eagerness to take upon its own
shoulders (sure to have burden enough laid on them)
a superfluous weight of work. If, as we suspect,
much remains to be done which the present board,
partly from want of power, partly from a vicious
system, has failed to accomplish, the new board will
invest them—the same body, though with a new
name—with the authority they stand in need of, and
furnish that advice and guidance the want of which,
we apprehend, few but the commissioners themselves
would be inclined to deny.

Ix has been said that the Martello Towers in Ire-
land were erected for the prepense purpose of pus-
sling posterity; and perhaps it is a moral duty is
every generation to perpetrate something which may
serve to stimulate the ingenuity and exercise the
acuteness of that by which it is to be succeeded.
Some such benevolent object must have animated
those who assembled yesterday at Crosby Hall; and
we have only to complain that in their anxiety to
provide for the perplexity of the next generation they
generated rather too large a supply of mysteries,
and rendered their problems too difficult of solstice.
A mere glance at the puzzles this conference has
prepared for posterity is enough to excite anxious
commiseration for the coming age. An assembly al
divines has been collected for the special purpose of
protecting the sacred rights of ignorance and the
constitutional privileges of vice; the self-called repre-
sentatives of the nonconformists of lingland have
the

met to protest that the principles of . _ Pilgrim
Fathers are naught, and those of the Jesuit Brother
the perfection of excellence; men, calling themselves
liberals, have come to amen that the poor
should be held in bon to the casual charity of
tacker
the superior classes, by ing compelled to accept as
a boon what they should claim as a right • persons
calling themselves patriots aver that the moral depra-
vity of their countrymen renders it unsafe to tender
to them the same advantages which are proffered to
other nations ; and advocates of civil and religiose
liberty have come together to show that ignorance sd
rights is essential to civil freedom, and that authorised
instruction in the nature of obligations will he fatal to
religious independence. Since the days of ROBES.
PIERRE there has been no such bold attempt to ides-
tifillaidberty with licentiousness.
as all this is, it would be infinitely worse if
the gentlemen of the conference were to be held bound
by the propositions which they enunciate. Bat this
would* be a course not altogether fair in any contra-
venial:agitation, and, least of all, in the present.
There is some probability that TITUS OATES had per-
suaded himself into the existence of a popish plot, andl
that hetherefore felt freedom of conscience in inventing
evidence to prove its reality. From the signs
around us, we doubt not that many of the noncon-
formists have been deluded into the belief that some
dire conspiracy has been formed to bring them over,
to orthodoxy by a coup de main, and so they have
resolved to denounce reading because the Catechism
has been printed, and writing because the Thirty-alai
Articles may be copied.
It was obvious, however, that " the plot " ma by
no means satisfactorily proved to all the members of
the conference. The slowness of the proceedings ex-
hibited proof that there was some difficulty in getting
rsufficient pretexts for panic, and, indeed, the resolu-
tions adopted seem rather apologies fur exciting a
premature alarm "to frighten the isle from its pro-
priety" than the groundwork for any rational course
of action. The first of these resolutions asserts the
anxiety of the assembled deputies for the promotion
of national education, proved, as they declare, by
their recorded acts. We do not withhold our assent
to the assertion, when we find these gentlemen de-
claring that the minute of Council cf 1839, which the
more recent minute has only expanded, is " the most
unexceptionable measure for national instruction, as
it regards the rights of conscience, which has ever
been eugge"ted by any body of the advisers of the
crown."

The second resolution is one to which we refer with
feelings of sorrow. Degraded as is the scholastic
profession in England, notorious as are the evils
arising from the inferior position held by the
educator, we can hardly believe that grave divines
understood what they said, when they declared, that
the offer of honours and emoluments—of the most
trifling and inadequate kind—to those who hold in
their hands the training of the rising generation,
and therefore the future destinies of the country,

is injurious either in principle or practice. The
contemptible jargon of economic terms in which
this proposition is enunciated may safely be left to
the ridicule it must meet from all who have mastered
the alphabet of economic science.
At the folly thus perpetrated all sensible men will
I laugh, but the consequent evil all honest men must
deplore. From many causes, dissent has a strong hold
on the working classes in England, and it will be no
gain to the social happiness of the nation, if that
hold be rudely or suddenly relaxed. Let the opinion
once get abroad in the manufacturing districts, that
the object of this anti-education movement is to
keep the operatives dependent on the bounty of their
employers for that which the state should give them
as members of the community, and a prejudice will
be raised against nonconformity, which, however
unjust, cannot be said to be entirely unfounded.
When the operatives see, in this very conference,
men who have pressed upon the government the
establishment of schools of design for the improve-
ment of their manufactures, protesting against the
establishment of schools of instruction for the benefit II
of the working man and his children, they will be
led to form conclusions which we wish not to antici-
pate, but which they have already significantly inti-
mated at Barnsley and Bradford.
Doctors CHALMERS and CANDLISH have protested
aginst this anti-education movement, and shown
how utterly untenable are the pretended religious
grounds taken by its promoters. We, from the
first, have lamented the obvious hoetility which the
anti-educationists exhibit to the industrial and la-
bouring classes of the English people. Wo assert
that the operatives and labourers of England are as
worthy of the protection of the state as the same
classes in New York and Massachussetts ; we deny
that our bard-working countrymen are more likely
to be corrupted by paltry bribes than their brethren
beyond the Atlantic; and we shall not tamely stand
by when any conference meets to libel our working
men for the purpose of perpetuating injury on their
children.

The project of law for the reform of the French
tariff was made public for the first time in Paris on
Monday, in the leading. article of the Journal des
Dawes. This measure is more valuable as a prog-
nostic of what must follow it hereafter than for any
substantial benefit it may confer on international
commerce. The first and most prominent feature
which it presents, is the suppression of prohibi-
tion on certain classes of articles, and the substitu-
tion for it of a high import duty. This is valuable,
inasmuch as it effaces at once prohibition as a princi-
ple from French legislation. The articles thus
allowed to be free are not, however, either nu-
merous or important. On a second series of articles
there is a reduction of duty, but this reduction
is not sufficiently great, nor the articles
themselves sufficiently numerous, to give much
practical value to this part of the measure. Another
portion of it, however, combines practical import-
once with its value as a principle, for it erases
altogether nearly three hundred articles from the
tariff. Of these, upwards of a hundred will be
allowed to be imported without any condition, and
the remainder, though free of duty, will be subject
to some conditions; thus some few must be imported
in French bottoms or by land, others must arrive
under the French flag and from certain countries.
The gross amount of the duties which those 300
articles, now declared free, brought into the treasury
lin 1843 was 1.5.5,0001-, the chief part of which was
produced by saltpetre, soda, dye-woods, mother-of-
pearl, copper, ivory, hides, bamboo, deal, whalebone,
and lead ore. Free importation is also to be allowed to
iron, copper, zinc, and hemp, to be used for ship-
' building. This project of law, as the writer in the
Dards says, is, notwithstanding the extreme timidity
and caution observable in it, a step in :he right three-
' don. Struggling with vast protective interests, com-
plete commercial freedom can only be established by
slow and cautious steps. But it may be assumed
that henceforward the reign of absolute prohibition
has ceased.

The schism in the majority of the chamber by
which the cabinet has been hitherto supported,
is becoming every day more manifest. The new
conservatives, or progreesist conservatives as they
are called, are estimated at a number varying
from 30 to 60. In reality, there are about 30 whose
convictions are clear, and who are ready to act with
decision. There is, in fact, the fair nucleus formed of
a new party in the chamber, which must henceforward
materially affect the proceedings of the existing cabinet.
This new pregressist party are expected to have, at an
early period, a meeting at the house of their parlia-
mentary leader, the Count de Castellane. This meet-
ing, which was to have taken place a few days since,
has been postponed in consequence of the decease of
the mother of M. de Castellane.
Late on Sunday night government received
despatches from Algeria, bringing the intelligence
that Abdel Kader has again made his appearance
four days' march south of Mascara, and has
already been joined by several tribes. Immediately'
on the arrival of this news, M. 'lemon, eons-chef of
the cabinet of the minister of Foreign Affairs, was
ordered to start for Tangiers on a special mission.
He is to go by Madrid, to which city he takes
despatches. The Paris journals were silent on this
subject on Monday, the matter not yet being
allowed to appear in the Debate.
A heavy fall of the funds took place on Monday,
owing partly to the decline in London, and partly to
the announcement in the Debate of the issue of
bills.
TreArWebert, who vacated hie seat in the chamber in
consequence of his appointment to the Ministry of
Justice, has been re-elected.

Advice. from Madrid to the 7th have been re-
ceived. Queen Isabella continued to receive in

public the same manifestations of popular favour.
She appeared frequently at the theatres, bull-fights,
and other public places, and was everywhere received
with acclamations. M. Pedro de Epee, late Inten-
dant of the Palace, who had been diemiased, has
published in El Heroldo a disavowal of the improper
and disrespectful conduct imputed to him on the I
occasion of his dismissal. He declares, also, that the
statement that he was put under arrest is without
foundation. General Serrano has been permitted at
his own request to leave Madrid for Andalusia, until
his health is re-established, and until the proceedings
taken against him shall be brought to a close.
The greatest excitement prevailed in Madrid on the
evening of the 6th and the day of the 7th, produced
11 by the folwi circumstance :—A cabinet council
1 had been held n
ing the *sae on the 6th, in conae-
quenee, as was reported, of intelligence which was
received by the government, that the queen-mother
was to leave Paris for Madrid on the sth mat, and that
the object of her voyage was to cause Queen Isabella
to be declared incapable of directing the affairs of the
state, and to transfer the sovereign power to the
Duchess of Montpensier, as regent. The government,
it was said, immediately decided that Queen Christina
should not be allowed to eater Spain, and that Ge-
neral Don Manuel de la Concha should be despatched
immediately to Paris, with orders, in case he
should meet the queen-mother en route, to per-
suade her to return, awing that the gates of
Madrid would be closed against her ; but that, in
case she should persist in entering Spain,
then Gen. de la Concha should produce his full powers
to arrest her. Such, according to the prevailing re-
ports, was the result of the deliberations of the cabinet
on the 6th. What is certain is, that immediately
after the cabinet council in the afternoon of the 6th,
Gen. de la Conchs WWI sent for by the ministers, and
started in a chaise de poste immediately for Paris, ac-
companied by Don Joachim de Zayas, the commandant
of the etat-major.
It was reported that the Duke de Glucksberg,
Charo d'Affaires of France, was present at a meet-
inz of the principal members of the Afrancesado
party, when it was decided to counsel the king-con-
sort to publish a manifesto to the nation, in comm.
suenez of the position he finds himself in respect-
ing the queen.
Royal ordonnances have appeared appointing
Field-Marshal Fernando de Norez Agarey Captain-
General of Extremadura, M. Ricardo Schelly Captain-
General of Grenada, and Gen. Loriana Soinz Vice-
President of the Colonial section of the Royal Council.
Gen. Pezuela is named Captain-General of Andalusia,
and private letters say that the appointment of Nar-
vaez to the Paris embassy is certain. M. Martinez de
la Rosa has refused the embassy to Rome.

FRANCE.—Pairs, APRIL 12.—A grand dinner
wa• given at the Tuileries on Saturday. Among the com-
pany were the Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby, the
Marquis and Marchioness of Aileabury, Earl and Countess

of Hardwick', Lord and Lsdy Granville, Earl and Cooley
Wilton. Lord and Lady Holland, Mr. and Mrs. Standish,
Count Kielmansegge, Hanoverian Minister to the Court of
St. Junes, Colonel Komilly, Mira Barrington, Dr. Hawtrel,
Gel•eral Fox, Lady Mary Fox, Count Louis de Noodles, eg,
Tocncomo, APRIL 10.—A fire broke out at sine
o'clock on the 9th inst., at the station of Tourcoing, ca
Northern Railway. Everything was destroyed except the
walls.

GERM.kNY.— PRUSSIA.—BERLIN, APRIL 10.—e
The cause of free trade is finding supporters in every Gantry
in Europe. It is now the turn of Prussia to get up a bee
trade agitation. The Cologne Gazelle says that • free trade
association was formed in Berlin on the 7th, although it the
near foundering at the outset, from the want of that gab,
licity which such undertakings require. A meeting lift
held in the Doreen Seale, in which resolutions sere Maid,
after two hours' discussion, to the effect that !ree wads
in every article is universally beneficial o industry.
that it is time to obtain by every means possible Ur
eider' and adoption of this principle which should Ss
the object of the association to gain and spread io •egerd
every article of trade and commerce. These tulilutisiss
were poser' and signed by upwards of 80 pecans persist at
the meeting.
APILIL 10.—Several members of the diet have arrived*
Berlin, and preparatory meetings and conferences have beep
held between the most influential deputies from the differ
provinces. The public was anxiously expecting the 0664
announcement of the order in which the debates were to
take place, and this expect ition is increased in proportion
the time for Om opening of the diet approaches, It wee
thought that the debates of the first week would suffice to
show the character likely to be taken by the assembly, oA
which so much depends not only for Prussia, but for all the
states of the German confederation. There was a re.
port at Berlin on the 9th, that a mernorandars
drawn up in a liberal spirit by a Royal Prince, would be
presented to the assembly. Among the different propositiom
to be brought before the assembly, the most important are
those concerning the relative position- of the Jews toward'
the state; a modification of the taxes, and the establishment
of an income-tax on the plan of that established in England;
and the construction of the Konigsberg railway, the mot of
which is estimated at 36 million dollars, to which effect a
loan of 20 millions is to be contracted, and the 16 remaining
millions defrayed by the state. Of the regulations of them.
senility the following has transpired N. Rechow
been appointed Landitogs-Aforacholl, or Merslial of the As-
sembly of the States. The marshal is to read the order oldie
day, and he has the righted interrupting any of the speaker'.
The members are obliged to speak from the tribune, and sis
written speeches are allowed. Whets a spencer sits down
the marshal appoiuta the person who is to follow. Tls
assembly has the right of publishing the debates withal:
censurthip, giving the names of the speekers. The n
however, has the privilege of erasing offensive paw=
the royal commissary can put his veto upon the publictuiem
of any article he may think fit. This latter treulation win
be opposed by the members of the assembly. The Prussia*
Goitre contains • royal letter patent on the subject of new
religious sects. It declares that whilst on the one hand the
state is resolved to uphold the evangelical and Ramie Catlia
lie tenets as the established religion, it at the same tins
recognizes the freedom of conscience of every citizen, sail
their right of meeting together for the purpose of pubis
worship.
BRESLAU, Arnim 3.—ln the month of Match, 1846,
M. Itonge was condemned to a month's imprisonment for
having preached at Magdeburg without the permission
the authorities. It was thought that the meatiest of this
condemnation had been abandoned by the government, by
such is not the fact. M. Runge received, on the In kit,
from the police of Breslau an injunction to undergo the sea.
truce pronounced against him, and yesterday he rendered
himself a prisoner. Upwards of 2,003 persons aceompanied
him on his passsge, crying, " Rouge foe ever !" " Religiose
fly fur ever !" hut this demonstration gave rise to no
disturbance.

BAVARIA.—Mcmcn, APRIL s.—The king Ma
completely recovered from his late attack of illness—a
RAILWAY-STATION ON FINE.—A fire broke oat on the Mk
instant in the railway terminus at Munich, and in a short
time consunr d the wooden sheds erected round the carriage-
yard. The property lying about was all saved, with the ex-
ception of 300 bushels of wheat intended forManheien The
service underwent no interruption.
TURKEY. —CONSTANTINOPLE, NlAncn 27.—Con
EXPORTATION.—An edict for prohibiting the o 'portant% d
core, with c:rtain saving clauses, has been promulgated at
Constantinople. This document has been received, tad
Marseilles, by a reepectahle mercantile firm in London, this
day, from their correspondents in Constantinople:
DIEKOHANIIUM AllllMolsa to run Cower or Memos sr ma
TIMMIon Goyim', vv. vi.--The considerable numb sea of grain ribs
this year in Turkey, for exportation into Europe, baring pew
d an advance In prices, it is to le feared that by as
enema of cupidity the inhabitants may dispose eyes ef the wrens
nmewary foe their own subsistence, and for rowing, sod Mao im-
pose themselves to suffer from the mint of grain. Os the
other hand the famine which reign. in the different coriatrim of
E urope makes it a duty of humanity to facilitate exportations. Not
M fail hi this date. end at the same time to preserve Turkey heaths
inceavenienota of a scarcity M corn, the Porte ems noobiection the
the surplus of grain which is In the lands of speculators, mesh
be sold, and that all the Iwrohan a made till now by contract shoed
have full execution. Only apart this surplus of the quantity rm.
ivory for the wants of the country and the inhAbitanlP, it has ban dr
tided that provisionally no sale of corn Man take pLice, and Mita
this decision has been met to the Governors of at ichichiaeleist
Galata). Tams, Widdin, Fen* Rodorto, Sarthan. (Adrian, Olt
Trebieend, Costamony, Smyrna, and lemidt. Your excellency
do well to advise the merchants thereof, through the medium deli!
immolates, and give the nevem, y instructions in the proper Teem
for theprompt rue. anon of this manure. The s Rebut Akir, INV
How much and how favourably the considerate and haws
provisions of this measure towards foreigners contrasts with
the abrupt decrees of some Christian nations, such as Frame
and Spain, by which at the instant, and without minims
notice. the export of grain was prohibited, and even takes
from on board ships at Bayonne and on the Spanish ease
in whi oh after purchase it had been shipped, of which in-
stances can be given, end for indemnity for which British
subjects are now appealing to Lord Palmerston. TM law a
Turkey is that all contracts must be on stamped paper, m
that the Turkish government has an easy means of preyed-
ing more shipments of grain than what have already bps
contracted for.