The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-27 00:00:00

DESCRIPTION OF CRACOW.

The following striking description is taken from
the recent work of M. Xavier Marmier:
Cracow is a city, the aspect of which is at once majestic
and painful to contemplate. It is the cradle of a monarchy,
and the tomb of a nation ; the town in which kings were
crowned, and where they are now buried; the capital of
• powerful empire, and the powerless head of a narrow dis-
trict; the first page of a heroic epoch, and the last line of a
disastrous history. It is a monument of splendour and of
nothingness. Nature adds to these contrasts by her fresh-
ness and brightness. Approaching Cracow from Warsaw,
nothing meets the eye but a large green valley, fertile as the
Touraine in France, and strewed with trees as in Normandy.'
TheVistulawaters it,meandering amongst golden crops ; and at
the horizon are seen the varied lines of those great chains of
mountains which spread from the Black Sea to the Danube.
In the middle of this vast valley rise the Gothic peaks of the
churches of Cracow, the blackened walls of its ramparts, and
the creviced towers of its castle, the decrepit works of man
side by side with the eternal youth of nature. In the interior
of the town, as well as the country which surrounds it, there
is not one monument which is not illustrated by some noble
reminiscence; not a brook, not a hill, which does not recall
to mind an historical tradition or a fabulous legend. On
the steep summit of the Wawel, Cracus, the founder
of the Polish monarchy, constructed a fortress, and
gave his name to the city which spread itself before him.
Near the village of Moguls, are buried the remains of the
heroic Wanda, the first Queen of Poland, daughter of Crocus,
beautiful as an angel, according to theold chronicles, and proud
and courageous as a valkyory. ellieoW, founded by Cracus,
at the end of the seventh century. was the residence of kings
till the commencement of the 17th, at which epoch Sips-
mund 111. established himself at Warsaw, and until 1764,
preserved the privilege of crowning the sovereign of Poland.
All in the town bears an imposing character of age. A ram-
part surrounds it yet, as it did in the time when it was the
buckler of Poland. The streets arc mostly tortuous and
dark, like those of the middle ages, and the houses
have festooned gables, like Augsburg or Nurcmburg.
Here one sees gates adorned with small columns and
covered by vines, as they are in the pleasant villages
along the Rhine; there are statues of saints, and further
the patois of the bishops, whose favours were long since
courtsd by kings, and the old university—the first of the old
Sclavonic universities, alter Prague. On all sides peaked
towers and gilded crosses meet the eye. There are no less
than thirty-eight churches in Cracow, all remarkable : some
by their architecture, others by their pious traditions. That
of Notre Dame dates from the thirteenth century ; it con-
tains thirty marble altars ; that of St. Peter and St. Paul was
reconstructed by Sigismund 111., on the model of St. Peter at
Rome ; that of the Dominicans, founded in 1230, possesses
a double row of stalls of sculptured oak,wrought admirably.
The long political vicissitudes which have desolated and op-
pressed the people of Cracow have not yet extinguished their
religious feelings. One Sunday I saw the artisans of the
city, the peasants from the country with their wide blue
dresses adorned with red borders, and the women with pieces
of white linen, which they throw in shawl-fashion over their
shoulders, running from church to church, prostrating tams-
selves in the squares before them, and kissing the mad&
floors of the naves. One day I crossed the market-plain at
the moment when a priest was about to take the last sacra-
meat to a dying man ; he walked under a canopy held over
him by attendants, tour soldiers with shouldered muskets

escort. d hos, and a young chorister went
bell. At the sound of tho bell all the
took off their hats, and the
themselves on their knees. I
cortege as far as the house wh
The four soldiers established themselves
¢oor' and upwards of 100 persons were
with their hands crossed on their brew
low voice, until the priest cams out.
all that these poor people have Offered, it
think,Ahat, in the midst of their gored",
served the piety which consoles th
which strengthens it. e heart,
In the centre of the city, upon a high ..
down upon the distant plain, rises the Mil
kings, rebuilt by Casimir the Great, enricbg
sore, and devastated by the Austrians,
staircases, and traversing the galleries of t'
no traces left of the ornaments described in
of admiration by the travellers of the ley,
but its thick walls, its old towers, which
so imposing an appearance, and the recollection
heroic dwellers have given, stamped on i
sublimity. This castle has seen sin powe•
beneath its vaulted roofs. It has seen
seated on the throne of the dagellons, .
women, Marie de Goozague and Marie
the sceptre and the crown of Poland. The
the great Gustavus Vasa received there
royalty ; then the descendants of the Electors
then the noble Seanislaus Lesczynski,
blessed in one of our provinces; and,
the Empress Catherine. Now all is
days of splendor, with those national
attracted the attention of the who,
The castle has been despoiled of its
robbed of the crowns of the kings preserving
tombs. There repose all them whose hearts,
beneath the robes of royalty; under that
lies the entire history of five centuries, tom,
aspect, often sublime. There are the mont
of Casimir the Great, of Stephen Baton, of
the Second ; and there the chapel of the 1
shining with a lustre due to the piety of the,
to the hands of a skilful sculptor. In the TI
the remains of the heroes to whom Poland
sentiment of love and veneration. Led by
the crypt, by the light of a trembling it
black sarcophagus the name of Sobieski, .
Kosciusko, on a third that of Poniatowski,
blage of three imperishable names, squat
reunited in the tomb, the last treasures
whom everything else has been taken away.
The royal castles of the dagellons and of tl
only an Austrian barrack. The University, hat
since one of the richest in Europe, only o—
seventy students. The town of Cracow,
contained 100,000 inhabitants, is now reditid
From the height of the terrace of Wawel, ire tobeyg,
three points of the horizon, three gigantic Mask,
those near I:pasal, which bear the names of the dew*
navian gods. The first of these contains the name
Crocus ; the second that of Wanda, his heck fuk
and the third, raised by the pious love of a visit ptii7,
consecrated to the memory of Ko•einsko.

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UNITED STATES TARIFF.
Mr. Dallas, the vice-president of the 6es,
whose casting vote the assent of that body to the ewe,
-
was given, has published a letter on the saliket• awn—
an address from a body of his constituents, ut th,Vi
the subject of a tariff, however, difficulties etiZt..'"
complex and covert, by which the people weretiee
d thisd occurs.
ec deceived.
and impoverishes without its agency le ing pernial • —nom
or wages become inadequate, and it is net •
which men are obliged to Pla
pay for their ima *ma
their clothiug, their howehold mem+ theuramar
their comforts. The demand of the tax-collector, That*
them fur the ordinary rates and levies is distinct wini .
if that be exorbitant, they redress themselves byeink
more economical county commissioners—the ;
direct and undisguised, and they know their remedy It
so with the taxation which takes the shape of dation*
ports. The ploughman is uaeonicious of hiving padens
or levy upon the machine with which be is forrowiaglh
so is the blacksmith as to his anvil, and the tangy**
as to her blankets, her purer; and her salt—they baratir
articles at a neighbouring store for the same moryis
others paid, and nothing intimated that pan of the
they gave was the reimbursement or final myrmidon
lie tax. We of Pennsylvania. who can 'cutely eine
quiet under the imposition of three sin pet ddla
meet the interest on our debt, hare actually buena
customed to contribute from our means, without the shits
murmur, 50, nay, 100 times as much, in as many duce
modes, under the operation of the tariff of 15i/ Fen
only pay our share towards supportisg the min
government, but we also pay that partial rd ea
price of every article we buy over and abort she;
aronkl have coat if the tariff had not been muter Ofar
old tariff he says A strong and Residing ih
trwtiom presents itself in a roe ntlyslistriboted dem
addressed by the Secretary of the Treasury to Comm,
received at the close of the late sewien. Oar einem
should have their attention invoked towsrui dui reed
able paper—remarkable in every asret—its had lain
its precision, its cogency, its authentic facts, Were*
results. Nu development of which 1 cm awes he trend
equally lucid mad impressive. It purport. ton %MK
compliance with a resoltaion of the senate, rdolitaitit
manufactured articles upenwhichs4,oooo4oitia( niiin
are annually paid to the protected classes foot ts tre sew
treasury !) by enhancing the price of the domestic
and the amount so paid on each article,' loader the ns
1842 ; and by accurately formed tasular stemma it
blishes the annual aggregate of indirect tannin imp'
that law—seen and unseen—the government sad tot f.
classes, to exceed 82,000,000 dole. Were the ,ha
people sensible that this tariff, which ostennhly laendh
single vein, practically made them bleed at evertor
which professed to collect for public uses 18,000 X
yet silently and imperceptibly drew also, for prime as
poly, almost twice that great 1.111/1 ? Did we d
lace
monwealth realise the extraordinary niggle by dint
federal legislature, seeming to seek from a duty mania
a gross revenue of but 2,237.427 dela., actudft ateeL
total tax of 26,815,847 dole. ? and, seeming to.ard eat
duty on coal alone the sum of 130,221 dols., words%
of 6,869,092 do's. ? and, seeming to seek from a dal
manufactures of wool alone the sum of 3,731,0e/dig,*
toned a tax of 10,487,145 dole.? xs
The new tariff he thus describes : I wish IA
understood to prefer the substitution of excise for istat
There are asperities in the former which render had
intolerable among • people peculiarly sensitive r
domiciliary visits ; and it is abuse only that male a
latter mischievous. Certainly our libertieswdAdbeide
under a system of open direct taxation with di,
roughnena, than under a prolonged aflaigi,tniimi
furtive oppression, prose in equality, and
• Mmoral impel
characterise the tariff of 1812. 13 ut reduce the &die se
half, take from them their tendency to nose saw
polies, adopt value, instead of name or form, es the nage
ling standard, drop the false hypocrisy of RI it! •
the thing, essentially democratised, becomes at leasthsm
less. Such, in plain truth, is the law whichGrest_C!.
tress" has passed to commence operating on the P.
Ist a
timber next. That law may contain errors of deuL _
able as developed by experience; hut, campsndively2
traits are equality, justice, moderation, and candour. Iy.
the necessary revers is sought at Custom-houses,
ri expeence less wrong and incur lee' risk, fromo.
founded on its principles than from any other f
thry
If I am not mistaken in the pervading spirit o irs
political economists will hereafter say that its *goo r;
security to the earnings of labour, and hmits to the pove
capital. 6 promin" "
The home operation of the tariff of 184
genial and salutary ; I mean in regard to the girt
trial Its reduction of taxes one half is mairO.
relief—its indirect abatement of prices and the Mem°.
penses of comfortable living, awakens hope in then brio:.
all whose wages or means are low and precari..°!..
tendency to oblige capitalists to seek the success of tat!:
vestment* rather in a fair and genorous, than in aastolf
and avaricious treatment of their workmen, yields
lion to the moral independence and dignity of hr.:
worthier of attainment than that which the msanuf;
demands for his wares. There is much more to
the citizen of a republic than his oPPorta,
work. Re is not merely to devote his or,
teasingly to acquire bread and • numen L Tbe
at..
of man"—rights ton readily ridiculed or f
are his; the yearnings of mind and of heart art_
pride of character, the sense of natural reaalitY,:iiiria
of independence, are his; the ennobling retinae!.
of domestic life are his; and the law which wovna..jro
all these uon the wretched pretext of securing ..11
market where he can sell the strength of his viirwao
dexterity of his fingers, is a law for the grudull
ment of slavery on the basis of animal necessities.
The tariff of 1846 recommends itself no less by 1.1. lt
siderations connected with its external bearing
ita with O 7r; ji
is in greater harmony than its predecessor v •
ideas of international commerce prevailing thro.nuno,:,
world. Retaliatory restrictions on trade are ngt7;ai
The vista of general peace stretches far inei fuO,
navesloo
invites us to mingle on terms of reciprocitl
friendship with our fellow men everywhere. Mil' L.,jass
culture exults in the liberty of Pending her eurel.o
thousands of miles of land and thousands of aides:loi 11
to the famishing sons of Ireland. Our eropituof:i
Indian corn are suddenly augmented in val c
.gTogs
40,000,000 dol. ; an effect of opening the gafeis:iLaJ.
channel, which will carry gladness to the lam 1...tri0.
every farmer. Assuredly this tariff is far from "
that, of course, cannot be pretended while the th
28 e'". „Ala*
cesaary to maintain the government, say
exacted from our imports alone, but it roectsmo?s. for
enment half way ; and, though still diserininatiaf Ist
of our own industry, it gives a much broa:lnerire r'ol,oo
was heretofore given to the industry and
countries. I

71'

fl*l

COLONIAL.
WEST INDIES.
TRLNIDAD.—Notici® a meeting on ,theol
duties already published, we find allusions M u.e,,i,10
Cuatom-house system, and the navigation lawt, "'—
full of augury. 00
ions is that thll i•
The principal objection to the !venlig , ~, wdo iI ,$
meeting the character of an anti-slavery WAY, w''"urfie ono
had become anti-slavery men all of a maiden. und IP ioasS,,
of Lord John Russell's measures, which would lookl,ll 005
sincerity an our part. Far better, in my °Pinion, 7r---rlt d'
to have stuck to the tact that Wart Mai intemdf ri.i7;;, Of;
materially by the introduction of .Lice Auras in corsaeu7,, ~,,,,c0 ,
and to have stated frankly that our opposition
be to thee, 11, , a 0
Mite We taw plainly that. we were alma to iiiii`

the
it i

au- -d
Pas
ms,
Lit

oar "H----7717"."---5..'64t
. .1
itsrehrhittelll"44c: 11111:41-. :"4:aull•""--11411
Lin,,...9
naves as
delial
is were thou,
odgeosl breasts, sad
.. oaf
ut. Whet uis-7-1. Ose.v.
saffered, it it
_000T414 ;
sufferings Met 44
.tits '
the heart, aua Wmows
.
aslisli._."2
• hig rook whigi iia,
see theh QUAD d MrA
eat, enriched by his
valid,
Arians. In uctut ~ wog t ?ries of this muk t!
out id
abed in suck glowiegu7 , skim it
the seventeenth u,--` is.._,,,t° '-
,era, which stm liZi o•--i;
he recollection of ih
"
aped on it a MO
Per
tOt
Oil powerful 61;
arm
as seen one of hi' Who 'gallons, and two
d Marie d' lug*
sad. The deleoshm
iced then tha 11
oat"
4 the Sleeting of a /V
nski, whose semoi.
e
and, fi 4 oleo
lth gst Elli
r all is owe egg drive,
national heft. cm t'
the whole ot TI
led of its wee*, and
lags preserving 1.4 and
rho.? hearts ones keg the
under that sigukamt even
turies, sometimes Wei ii
the monuments of
l Batori, of the raw am
newt
pel of the gi . me*
T
piety of their atereloo,
. In the risks bey will
out Poland rowed u end
rt. Led by a not o • the
+molding lamp, I hat She'
Sobieski, on author ha
to N
ot 'oniotowski, MMus
;les, separated hy ta,
treasures of a mu% ban
taken away. vie
lone and of the Piot, offic
University, hot a limo, 1
'..urope, only mimic au offic
of Cracow, which kuu, I
,is now reduced to bit t Wo
of Wawel, are to haul pan: la gigantic tataila,tueil ' Tint
he names of the thick*, Vir+
est oontains the react E.
F.
J
Venda, his hunk hoe
ous lore of a whit pet,
the
It o.cinsko.
his

• -
• •. , ..
THE EXPItESS, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEUBER 27, 1846.
............................•••••••••
-
gre
senior train engines, instead of being merely& ballast ermine, and inferior article to that used here. The ..--......4--._ •_a
la fromeotaa- .
• a t anything king done to alleviate the v.-etched.
...,5 4 ".....raiee,T win'tu: he Involved is :such •• stets of WM*. Tb° her ancr heal it beam in ront instead. of the tinder, it would nave cultyinehipping the finerqualitiesofealt. It would be STATE OF THE COUNTRY. Sr:
du" Out •••"" ......• j what to AIM Fluntk ariass In Mewl duriur the gone right through the parcel office, and over the balustrades advantage Tram the Armagh Gmardian.)
TO MORDEIL-On Friday la 4, a shoe was fired prob.
W
I°front___
.o e station ate Joiner-street, a depth
lowea- - nallf,-- ca parliament am sproadiaz tie lbw macinfea lime f
th • i to merchants if they could make alt an article . Aersurr- -
• ffita Sassnieroagiv the Introliestla of a Den enarrAtithlll MP= of some 80 eomuserce to that country. Ile believed that freights from' at Paptain Richardson (agent to to
Wafture), fired
and G
aatil *II
_,... std to einelaselerthe the with tla Or 100;leet. One of the spikes fixed in the top of the " double India were treble the amount of those out, from the want of eating at his parlour fire, fortunately without doing any Die
-...aa1l c'..--- thas....we me there wins no ohjegflsaaltait* b Mena to batten," to prevent persons sittile on them, is firmly fixed this. He, himself,. had paid as low as 10s., 150., or 20s. per injury. The ball was found atthe opposite wall.
I ware. se:we-Nee eerie what rettef its else** bete*,cense
. end „weave agaurastriMas, ft IMIUM le to
rhaaa "he( a _.........-- touch less to Owlish alp patial .1411. .11: 0111. e ,Mss am
*lei
slid,' hi the wall immediately behin where the office-porter ton foe goods oatwarda sad tkat trots very low, and could DARING ktOEHEIVE Of PL01113.-On Friday night last, a fleet.,
(Pratt) was standing at the time of the concussion. The not remunerate the shipowner ; therefore, if salt was per- boat load of Hour, ready for proceeding on fits voyage from to en
it is Wa,blsalgae, W-----1 an imports or upsets. It fa tem 1-inwards office is somuch injured
ant it wow Pare!
A fro
way inoter ~,,,,,r „it „asset hm, me advisable to pull it down and rebuild it. It will be seen by and lathe navy, as well as to the labouring claim of Innia. twenty men, who foreed down into the **bin two men who thous
Hs, theoffille SEaued be a great stop medium pteunttlel In est bas our Greenwich polio. report that the fireman of the engine, (Applause.)_ were left in charge fur Atte night. A turf beat immediately acqui
in, "a 41,7, A tic to oyaem, or TOW a ilawliasi eseamile ins- Wes. Dart, has been conuititteel to prison fur a month. .
deal o t Wilma lata Trlllildi W. B. WArlitlia, Esq., said he had great pleasure in abreast of the boat with the flour, had one man en board, feet a
1 wees, mobably throw • good KEEP YOUR COWS IN YOUR OWN FIELOB.—At seconding the resolution, ale ("Id not have bslieved till he
ea was
to et mines, ter, with*, Uvula. et the Um who called out what oxasemed the noise that he heard, field
eee---- Idlidegek IMO Dog lows .' • - teeememegtetee rya min, on aide the Edmonton petty sessions yesterday, Mr. Hollingworth, a read the pamphlet of Mr. Aylvrin, that so long a continuance when some
_of the depredators went into his boat, and like- fifty 3
WII. Wade
... is for in
ehsd by her groseunt avitlich of late has lissome More direct www,
-. Nemo Is., of property, living atWynchmore•hill, was fined of injustice and inhumanity could have bees exercised in wise fastened him down in his cabin. They then deliberately
1.-a rome here, ff mentheala could peoires• meet- Is., under the Menopolitan Police Act, for turning out his any part of the globe, much less in Great Britain, without towedthebontwehthetiouroutinto the Shennon, and nearly
In aamaYebas easnlefalte Ft- A May fad at IMltioasses Tammy this cow to feed in the lane between Wch hilland E
teen mswee, see nssome attempt 'made to heck it. The system appeared to opposite Annabeg, they' broke open the hatches which were
yn more- d- beingc
this nestle, Zia„aille Laideselitsey tanetiaL,l effect, a doors mum lake =tree aselga- mouton. The common right that once prevailed has been him to be most revolting to humanity, because at was per- festened and sealed, and took thereoutethineen sacks of flour,
-ea - ---
and this Is Wardle to be expested. 14 , feesande • •i spom
such glowing eon embels, 0, , de, we noot han t, Lemma. aod ehtn_ extinginshed in the parish by an enclosure act, under which Petrated on a most abject and helpless people ; the subject the property of Mal. Ryan, Esq., of Tyrone.
entombA entlemKama
to, 1p ire order Vt.,,der ,tt.
out of the eseeemi odim ..6.,,, a-,,, Mr. olliugworthH received his portion of land; and the was now, however, fairly before the British people, and he , g an named. Humphnes, from the county of Kil-
lich still teetlny;have
Vet u 0101.1_,,,,rn,,,,,,,.; abie , ac'Zisiderable &raper rale aliaf ser Dalai as an vacant space by the road-side, was hell by the bench to be ventured to prognosticate that it would raise a spirit of in- AennYi took the mill of Bornsokane, about a year ago, since ante,
hro
cation of its ec,e_- slwww ___,S ii- tats, the Yowls from hose to lasallahree sly IM the property of the owner of the oining land. Mr, Hol- &ration, and such remonstrances as would produce the which time he hr given employment to from forty to fifty was i
t a chaewsl thro'w,,,,e,,,,we Enaileh charge ffir he
moo Me, PrOnalls tasty h linworth admitted that the observations of the magistrates I tradesmen and labo
el ect they desired. They had reason to know the hale-
..ee urers per day. He 'reoeived a notice to di
artful dynaite---"`aa of .1_,...T.,,,, to per cent. I believe the return cargoes are seawall*, had convinced him he had done wrong, and he pnjaiiaed he ful effects of monopoly. The motion was carried unani- . age the Post-office • few days ago, ordering him to die.
one ay a -Pill v..-- ' out ual, by any means, to ours."
arld. tvark Whir' but
eq
si-i-...5."-'-. would not repeat the offence. The magistrates treating his mouslt• _, num two of bis workmen named Griffin, and if he did not do -:-
- °blot
conduct as the result of • mistake fined him only in the SAalcal- r LaTollane Esq., said that that resolution set set. Le mark the coneequeecee. There was a figure of a coma bet
ray,,
1 d'Areui at (Teurt. small sum mentioned, when they m'ight have levied 40e. forth important truths, so clear and forcibly that he was afraid oat a on. the maim This is the third notice he has re- d •
be -(l'2' w"
nice
THE SEWAGE COMPANY AND THE CITY AUTHOs fis own. He be- Mired within the month Mr. Humpluiesdoes
of weakening them by any observations o h
,last, • :however, shoe
be
the en......... al The Queen and their ltoyal Highnesses the Prince lieved that the natives of India were as dependent on salt ai, not appear to intimidated by the threats.
arnica sirr,-I perfectly agree with your oorrespoolent, "A Constant the
lectors of --a".e„_si dyrales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Prins (From the Limerick Reporter.)
Reader," that it is not necemary here to enter into a proof of the the of Ireland were upon the potato, and that next Chu!
Mee memory- ---.7,
_1 ~ass Alice, left Osborne-house yesterday morning ; her improoticahnity of the metropolitan Sewage Manure Compsnyas to rice one of the most important articles of consump- On Saturday last, between one and two o'clock, three
nallee th ° Ine •-•-• e, aocompanied by the Princesses, taking a carriage seheno. I cannot, however, RAW+ him in his idea, that the queetlon Hon. They might imagia, therefore, what miss 7 a failure armed men, one with a blunderbuss and the other two with
Oyer ,
ever with 4.2.! drive oa the .
' eiewpornroad, and the young Princes walking 18 " Purely • subject foe scientiflo men i" fee I conceive it to be one in its supply would produce. It was to be reco ected that be , came to Michael Hondas, a caretaker of Mr. W. H.
that demands the most public enquiry. I can fully substantiate my the measure of supply was not the wants of the people but Massy. Hlenwilliam, on a farm of that gentleman's, and TD
l festivities ',,,7 ere the beach. statement about the "select" committee, by referring the writer to the •
hole of Ent,..."`ht Their Royal Ilighneases the Duchess of Cambridge, registry. of the said company, where he will rind the name of Mr. scarce tam forcibly took a gun from him, which Mr. De Massy's steward -
their means of paying for it, and that it was kept. ~.,
sheenee him, Tots
its Wealth r., a ditary tetanal Duchess of Mecklenburg •Strelitz, Benjamin Smitb, M.P., as a promoter, and a gentiernan who attended, they might make it dear. That tax did then bear very is his „had lent fur the purpose of shooting tom
eerving onl' amt tad eke
lief'
' P • F ed •
of li h red I think, -.reboot so exception, all the meetings of the " select" hardly upon the natives of In. The gentleman who
e Highness met r inn esse, onoucrows. This outrage is the more to be regretted, as it is the tate.
tea Y that "d Ilia
serer
with th • w anemia
once b„ 6" the Adelplu eatre ea presence on e y committee ; and If he will procure a espy of the company's set as moved the first resolution. animal amounted to a quarter .
first that has
rick and occurred in that part of the county of Lime- eoco
ui because Mr. De Massy is an excellent landlord, T
let sepulchral ea----v. evening- presented to parliament, he will And on it, "Ordered to be brought of the earnings of the people, and it was not only dear but e- r,;--- alr°
eut.-CoL Thomas \read, Lord Robert taro-moor and
-ein by I,i , . bad in quality. It was a tax which was not only oppressive, aand a kind-hearted gentleman. Fri(
Metimee ea, .7••• Ris Excellency Count Schimmelpenninck, uslillssuYbeVvetlar inatTate.
a... et itMr. Tower." These four members, during eight sittings of the tom-
iuments of Boneese • ted minister of the Netherlende to this Court, mittee, attended 30 times, whilst the remainingten member! attended but was a great cruelty, because the inability of the natives e that the perpetrators of this outrage are red
of the niliant essa--' newitoPPon • •- - eei iin to pu
'aarl pn Wednesday from the Hague. eollectively only 31 limes. It is can my intention to ure to or thou
rchase • supply. subjected then; to the ravages of g rs, ugh doubtless assisted by some person who u t
knew the lace and it is hoped
le smunde ibli Irrisres ll" impugn the motives that *Malted those gentlemen, but simply give disease. Besides, it might be +mid this tax undermined the P• , for the credit of that oar;
their succesiors, - ansE --lA', VIsIT TO ARUNDEL. -tier Majesty the fact, and lathe the public to judge. When Mr. Manners Sutton, moral character of the population, ypo g
b dis sin them a peaceable district, they will speedil be bro ht to Ounce.
y ug .1 ha
Y
and Sir James Graham, aj•
e vaults be 011 WI leave Osborne-house on Tuesday next, at twelve o'clock, Sir 11. Ifa.Bbrs Sir De I.-ley
efEst'ber. , and i ide-spread system of smuggling. (Applause.) It roastsn- (From the Mayo Constitution) tits)
ad vowed an ee,,,e," sad carringea will be in attendance at the King's Stairs, in oop.mitteposrd :"... party s bill, ase ect tst
appointed, they could never have intended the to the merchants and manufacturers of this country, Ouratosous ASSAULT ON A MeoisTasTe.-On Thurs. der
by a seceiaturws tee dockyard of Portsmouth, to await her Majesty's arrival. decision to be left to the very promoters of the bill .1 cause it diminished the means of the people of India to day evening last, as William Kearney, Req., of Ballinvilla, ord
lamp, Dread read al
o'clock and will rocced thence com • v
gaewill reach there about one , p party ,ne erthelem, t,
as is eviden such wee the case. purchase our manufactures; and the regulations of the trade VMS returning from the auction at Bloomfield, he was
making salt most desperately assaulted do'
°ll la- d 1 Castle, to pay the long talked.of ViSit to the Duke and thelolll, which originally consisted of thirty-seven clauses, was were such as to deter our merchants from an
. on another that a - AY"
e y_ stringency of the tax was de- armed with sticks and stones, who knocked him off the
us sie., but, by thenotices in the papers, I see that an " amended act "la to trimental to the company itaelf, for it was said that a liberal the. car and beat him in a most cruel manner, and au,
raw by sans The Marquis of Clanricarde (Postmaster General) be applied for In the next MMIdOI3, to procure, if pomade, compideory reduction of the tax would not only alleviate the misery of also violently assaulted the driver. Not content with the
' el. a People fieta bee returned to town. The noble Marquis had an inter- powers, the present one, with its eighty clauses, being inadequate•
ray, view with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yestenlay, at his Bo much for the good effect of this "select " committee's " mom- ~ . , ~ the pel:e but it would be such a mercy that it would be unprovokedly assaulting Mr. Kearney, they also took Th
of the Piasters canal residence in Downing-street. mendatlon "of a plan which, in itself, is not only commercially twice leased." It would not only benefit them who re- a quantity of glass and china off the ear, purchased by stn
ity, hut ash aaae Dr Dillon' and broke them to ieces We are ha
impracticable, but physically absurd. I now appeal, Sir, ceived, but those who gave, by adding to the revenue of th ._ , . P • PPy to state at
ortnie Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial- to the readers a yeur jeurnal. Con you blame the City Navigation company's exchequer. (Applause.) He concluded by that Mr, Kearney Us recovering from the injuries he received. no
inly contrite sheat Woe fruit. the(*ivernexofGibraltar. G ,vernor of Gibialtar. Committee for withholding their sanction to an impracticable scheme
eat, which foraerly The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady Mary thereby preventing agriaciatenal and other engineers from experiment-
. moving: A few nights sinee a very valuable mare, the property of the
reduced to 30,006 Wood had a dinner party on Wednesday. Among the corn- ulfg,
I to the annoyance and tasativantage of the oweers and omumers That this meeting holds it to be the first duty of a government to the Rev. Mr. Eyre, rector of Kilmeena, was killed by bee
under their control! The second reading of the provide that no ohatruction exist against a sufficient and cheap supply breaking her head, it is supposed, with a sledge. On last the
el, are to be seta eiet property
y ere Prince Lowenstein, the Earl anal Countess Oran-
tumul. kills; - bill was opposed y he late .o„,.rnment, het..., they of the first neceesario of life to it. subjects ; that the inaipid nature of Friday night, about sixty persons levelled to the ground a sec
1, s to vradt lie Earl of Auckland and the Hon. Miss Eden, save pt Would interfere with a- .. large and compect,ea.. the principal food of the people of Indio gives to salt the character of pound belonging to a man named Doherty, of Erriff. Several bar
of the three tome_ VOcoant and Viseountere Palmerston, the Right lion. sive plan which they then had before thern,"fe and
b which the a first necessary of life, and renders an abundant use of it indispen- of the party were armed, and different times presented their hi
ins the remain sable to health.
E. J. Stenley, the Hon. Captain Grey, Mr. C. Greville, dec. a .. guns at Doherty, for attempting to take any cattle in that to
is heroic da git at
'e'en:Lt.: I haTeitonly ittintdd that, dtuilb "a em long a plan will be WM. Sem: E ART, sq., said he had vteLyelnest pleasure m
u tee Sir George Grey left town yesterday on a I,isit to were aeized for rent. On Saturday D h lodged info
o erty MI- pr,
3f a whole people ' in operation that will effectually cleanse our filth-laden river, and seconding the resolution ; and it was a to.
,u Ike Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of Commons, at provide for the drainage of the lowest locality, objects which the Me- EDWARD SHAWCROMS, Esq., said Wen this question was tions against four of the ringleaders. The police went ammo-- col
his seat, Heehtield.place, Hartford Bridge, tropolitan Sewage Manure Company, by their plan, cannot possibly to
say inpursuit of them to the mountains,and I
y in. . am happy ass
first presented to his mind, and be read some of the state-
effeet.-1 am, nrx., A. T. 8.-London, Nov. 25. to say that they returned late the evening with the four an
RIFF. - -
of DARING AND IMPUDENT ROBBERT.-Yesterday meats that were put forth upon it, he could not but feel how ?arsons. In the house of one of them an excellent gun was lei
IMPROVEMENTS IN ST. JAMES'S.-The devisees we were with the con on o large
much fortal • f
very unaequai
morning two fellows walked into the house of Mr. W. Brown, found, heavily loaded with swan drops. we
if the Senate, be the late Frencis Duke of Bridgewater have given notice that Prospect-place, Salt-hill, during the absence of the inmates, masses
masses of our fellow-creatures, an parti d 'cularly so of 1 BENEVOLENCE -We have been informed that Courtney th
dy to the N T '
ea mg it is their intentitai to apply, early in the ensuing sesaion of and after dreasing themselves in suits of clothes belonging to of our fellow-subjects. (Hear, hear.) That there was • ' •
Kenny Esq and A. C. Lambert, Eec have for some time po
an immense amount of population in India, placed lest
' •' - on
subject is wren° 1 parliament, for a bill to authorise them to take and appro. Mr. Brown. walked quietly off in their new habiliments, been selling off whole meal and flour at 2e. per stone, he
in the lowest circumstances, and subject to the r---' • •
nts, in whub the /0 ' I pnate a portion of Cleveland-square,
near the alace of St. •
r . . without exciting the su.picions of the next door neighbours. indssennunately, to the poor of Ballinrobe. ac
pressure of a tax which deprived them of a large
ation he say, a, ea J ame.'s. in length, from east to west, about sixty-five mot, , Ireouner.-FAMINE.-On Friday last Mr. Atkinson, core- in
-ties existed, owerim ACCIDENT .1T BROMPTON.-Sir,-Iteletring to amount of their earnings could not be doubted. The number
•at -- and in breadth eighteen feet, for building and ether par- your observations on the above melancholy and extraordinary affair, af those persons exceeded many times the population of net, held an inquest at Ballintober, on the body of man
were liable t. be eta poses, in exchange fur certain new streets and approaches and the ease of the infant child Casey, the daughter of the deer:died suf. named Michael Morin. It a peareein evidence that the de- wee
Great Britain. and their situation is such as can scarcely be ceased and his family - p`
number-had been subsist-
and unseen taxation, made by them into the square, Nis., widening and improving ferer, I would beg to mention the ease of itandleson v. Nfurray (8 seven in t- w
g perceived; incomes Little St. Jemes'e-street and the mews leading from thence, understood 1). us. Th •ea earnin s are stated to be, those • f last three
Adolphus and Ellie's Report., ii. 109), as one connectied with the law ,y . _ _ . ing or the months on a scanty morsel of meal and or
not immediately Lis. and further additions proposed to be made for widening and established by Lord Campbell' almost precisely n point. j that- who earned the largest amount on y no. per montn, whereas •6
cabbage in the 24 hours, and seine days not any food. Dr. et
by the swollen mime imerovine the square and approaches thereto care, the defendants were merthants, andoccurners of a hind, wart a large porti•in earned considerably less. And yet, out of Neilson, who examined the body, deposed that death was im
house in Liverpool ; and, for the purpose of removing some barrels of this small amount, for the use of this commodity so necee-
eir iron implements, TREIVIL MINING COMPANY.-A meeting of share- Pour from their warehotere, they emplored me Wharton, who was a caused by a want of sufficient food. at
nary
for them, they were obliged to pay, Mr. Gardner said,
their aeon:ries, lad FOOD -Emits, ftc.-The Waterford Chronicle announces hi
who used his own tackle, anti brought
holders of this company was held yesterday at their offices, meter porter in Liverpool, and
- one-fourth of their earnings. But if they took it at a smaller
t-collector, who slay chair, and paid his own men. '
el lor, a master carter, was eniployed by that three vessel, laden with Indian Corn from Venice um w
George.yani, Lembanistreet, Mr. Thomas in the
distinct enough, sad Who to carry the barrel; away, and he amt his men (with Mrts, sum, one-sixth-it was a large proportion. Now, the system Trieste, and two with flour from Quebec, had arrived at the ti
at which a report was real, giving by no means a favours- which deprived
Bre.) oae of whom was the plaintiff, who was injured by a barrel the xacting their earnings was not only one port of Waterford.-Castlebar fair, held on Wednesday last, vi
hernselves by eleetiag hie account of the condition of the company. It appeared fulling upon him, in consequence of Wharton's tackle failing, and who people of a sufficient quantity, but it enforced upon them
ass-thee
grievance iswas not so id former The show of blockcattle'
Bald as ones.
that there was a balance against the company, in the brought his action against the defenthuhs, as owners of the warehouse the use of an inferior article. They had reaeon to know that
r their remedy. Notwas unusually small, but for such as were offered for sale, 0
nate of 2 1001 and that the creditors were very pressins and property in respect of which the injury was se-rained, and Tenn when article was taxed to a considerable extent in this
'tape of duties on Ira lax°
' . . before the Courtof el ecn's Bench,
There remained, imwever, about 1,2001. of arrears of call, vend damage.. The am came
country a great deal of adulteration took place. It was
having paid any rate upon the uestion whether the defendants, or Wharton only, were and in high demand, particularly those suited for small far- w
unpaid. which would reduce the net balance against the 1104 .
and the
rtthat the defendants, as owners, were ; me known, particularly in the cases of tobacco and pepper, and
heldmen. Sheep, of an inferior quality, sold well ; pigs, in con- d
•is furrowing the ma; company. if paid, to 900/., and a resolution was agreed to, Justice LitUedale observing taut it made no difference whether the it was Injurious in two ways-it was injurious to the con- sequence of the inability of the owners to feed them, were in a
4 the family mama empoweriag the directors to enforce those arrears, after which person* whose negligent' occasions the injury be erreanta of the de- sumers and it was injurious in preventing the consumer great abundance, and rated low The fair of Shinrone took it
alt-they bought the the meeting separated. fendants, paid by daily wags., or be brought to the warehouse by a from getting it, and it also injured the revenue. Now, the ;
p ace on Saturday i every description of stock sold at remu- w
he same money that NATIONAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.-The an- person employed by them. The came doctrine, as to ownership, was Court of Directors certainly must beecquainted with these
part of the minty nal election of pensioners into this institution took piece Ldd down in Bush e. Steinman it emanquet and Puller, p. 406), andaerating prices ; pigs, for which there was a brisk demand, d
facts, and the only wonder was were then forth' first
reel payment of a paleSi r. }Arley (6 tam. 8), in which latter the defendant (who had em- that theywere advantageously disposed of, such as were in prime con- p
yesterday at the Freemasons' Tavern, H. Pownall, Esq., in plyoycal a bricklayer to make a sewer, and the bricklayer or his see- time made acquainted with them. He hoped that the dition avenging 40e. per cwt.
•an namely continuer
die chair, when, out of a list of 90 candidates, 22 were vents had left it open, in cosusequence of which the p!aintiff fell in and means now taken to enlighten the public mind would have the THE u
• mills per dollar, to s•AtIISTRACT.-Barnett W. Holmes, Ewe, of Kil r
elected. Previous to the commencement of the polling a broke hie leg) was held liable for the negligence of thowe he employed. effect of calling the attention of the directors to the whim*, more House, eldest son of Dean Holmes, has been appointed o
actually becoae so report was read, which showed that, at Christmas, 1845, the It would appear,from these decisions,that theownernof thre.grouudou7r)
r- and would enable them to carry out measures which would to the Commiesion of Peace for Tipperary.
without the slightest number of persons receiving pensions of 201. or 301. a year nitteedabinoweu ,t,weerrethbeutlt (wdehnetth;erthase
ntoreseh,,lpecdeielyftt.„ Wown
have the effect of relieving a large portion of our fellow-
DISTRESS an CORIC.-Extract from a letter from the 1
aas many deceptive each was 214, of whom 16 were males, anal 228 females, their .""' subjects from this severe and grinding oppression. lie con-
If of 1942. We sot surveyor (according to his statement as reported), was cognimrit of county of Cork, dated Nov. 1:-.' The greet cause of p
average age being upwards of 73 years. The total sum die-
the urimfenese of the bull dint. At all events, there can be no doubt eluded by moving the following resolution : . _ •
_, complaint for the last week or two has been the non- t
acting the penal burled in pensions since the formation of this society is that the builder is liable for the negligence of ha servants. It requires, That the system under which salt Is now distribeted in India payment of the wages of the men on the roads, and
at portion ri the upwards of 101,2271. The entire receipts from September therefore, only to. put the law in motion to obtain redeem for thus poor causes deficiency of supply, great enhancement of pnee, deteriora.
some slight disturbances have ensued. And three or four e.
and above what it 10, 1845, to September 30, 1946, including a balance Nom and helplem destitute ; and, as there are any
m • ble attorneys tion of quality, *and much *consequent privation and suffering ; that
en enacted." Of the who would have no hesitation, even from motives of benevolence, t encouragre smugg ng
i - I
the previous year, were 9,6601. 19s. 111., and the total bereen, which, it would appear, arose from starvation, e
red gratifying Si.. disbursements 8,719/. Ils. Bcl., namely, pensions, 5,4211. ; have an
and without reference to costs, in taking up the ease, provided they the development of the resources of the country.
ostensible client of equal ropectability ;it appears to me Wat. PEEL, Esq., seconded the motion, and it was agreed although the individuals had two or three weeks' wages due i
lietributed documest purchase of funded property, 2,5131. 16e. 3d. ; and ex- there should be no difficulty Mew gentlemen who has already intereat- to nem. con. to them. Neither death nor disturbance, lam happy to •
ray to Congress, and pulses, 7841. 15s. sd. The report was received and eel himself in the matter, or some other benevolent intliaidmil, taking Ald. MASON, moved the 4th resolution. say, have occurred in this parish. But I believe I may I
. Our coamaymen adopted ; votes of thanks were awarded to the Royal outildminntration as the infant's guardian or next friend, and pur. That the monopoly crested by the regulations and practice of the really say that the 51. you were the means of my receiving .
:crwants this naark. Family for their patronage of the Institution ; and to suing the." remedy suggest am, ,
led.-1 air your obedient servant, Honourable the East India Company, in reference to the manufacture, through the editor of the Daily Werra, with about a similar •
•t-its broad bearing,ath N vember.
the presiders and other officers of the society. The ‘INT"'-` ~‘,. import, and distribution of salt in India, is not only unjust and cure
'acts, and its oath* ehairraan was also reworded by a vote of thanks, in acknow- FIRE AT le ALWORTII.-This morning, betweensum I haver eceived from a friend in Landon, have perhaps
tower Is the people', but is, in the opinion of this meeting, a direct been • •
the means of saving several from actual starvation,
swan bee bee-elude ledgine which, he urged upon those assembled the necessity twelve and one, a fire broke out in the premises belonging contravention of the charter granted to the Rot India Company.
and, probably, death ; fur it has enabled Mrs. F. (whose
dis-
cs to be a report, .in of the institution receivie g increased support, as the number MO. Austin, tea-dealerd grocer, N 0.3, Black Prince- It appeared to him that the same reasons which might be
to r. an whole time is occupied in the humane task) not only to dis-
te, exhbiting a list ofrow Walwortleroad near the Elephant and Castle. The set up for the defence of this monopoly might be set up for
of spplicants was annually increasing. The poll then corn- • , _ • _ ,
d the succeeded in effecting any other, but there was this additional hardship in the tribute the soup-porridge to the destitute, but to make little
Jloodes.(O4miffins) menced, and, at its eonelneion, the following persons were inmates having hc en rouse , 7
s foot to the natio/ Brigade en ince of this tax, that it was an article of domestic con- advances in meal and in money to the families of seem-
declared elected -Fifteen by the votes of the day . Mrs. C. a safe retreat from the premises. _ g_ operation•ral men who were employed on the roads, who were all but
the domestic artier, Baker, /5410 ; Mr.G. Fox, 0720 ; Mrs.D.Bringloe, 9420 ; Mrs. d fabsolute necessity to the people. Heproceeded
from Southwark and Waterloo-lindge•roada, with Mr. lien- sumption an o y • .
under the tante! White Smith, 9120 ; Mee. M. Roberts, 9120; Mrs. S. Mills, of the district, and Mr. Connorton to read some extracts from Mr. Aylwtn a pamp ,
demon, the chief officer ,hlet on the exhausted for want of their wages. One woman to whom
she made such an advance in meal and money, to the extent
r statements it ale 8780 ; Mrs. M. May, 8730; Mrs. S. Skutt, 8700; Mr. J. with the West of g
itsl 1 and 'd the Daily la v. f Monday had the
En land engine, soon reached the teene. sa t monop y, mu el . o of about 25., declated, when she repaid it, that it had kept
t taxation imposed be Mami, 8510 ; Mrs. H. Grenville, 8260 ; Mrs. B. Luker, e were corn letel enve- followin able remarks on the same subject:
At that time the shop and cent nts e p y g the life in them three days. However, the Board of Works
neat anti for tarot loped in flame ; the mains of the Lambeth works,
however, Tbe monopoly of the ralt trole, exercised in Bengal by the men-
-8180; Mrs. J. Morris, 8140 ; Mrs. J. Knighsbridge, 8020 ;'s government, IS, upon economical principles utterly indefeheible. have this week made great exertions to set the matter to
Were the Amnia& Mrs. A. C. Keeling, 7990; Mrs. M. H. Knirand by '
7830. Five yielded an abundant supply of water,
an ungraatuated poll-tax, by which the same sum O exacted from rights, and I hope that, in this neighbourhood at least, every
stensibly lanced bit e uished but the greater
or a little after, the fire was ext•ng ,
by gate votes: Mrs. C. Simpson, 1 ,302 ; Mrs. A.. the poorest and wealthiest meotheo of the community. So !ong m a man has been paid in full, up to last Saturday night. Yes-
eed at every pore- Bloye, 12,240 ; Mrs. A. O'Connor, 11,709 ; Mrs. M. Rad- Portion of the stock in trade, fixtures, and other effects were silt tax existed in this country, the family of the Duke of Northum- terday we met in church for prayer and humiliation, and a
uses '28,000A make d ed the furniture and upper portion of the berland and the family (equally numerous) of the poorest mutant on
gave, 11,637 ; Mrs. J. H. Lawrence, 11,472. Two by rota- pearls estroy ,and. beautiful service it was. The Roman Catholics took no
so, for private mesa lion : Mrs. H. Stoekeld ; Mrs. J. Parry. remses were extennvely amag d ed. The cause of the fire ht... te, aid prettY nearly the same amount into the Fsche-
of the salt excise. The peasant in Bengal, notice of the day. I wish the Queen could have issued a
Did we of this Cces- could not be ascertained. The sufferers were insured in the quer ou account
AGED PILGRIMO SOCIEY.-The annual meeting under the pressure of the salt monopoly, has to expend proclamation on the subject addressed to all her Irish sub-
Did
by which the Sun Fire-office.
n a duty on irons:am of this society was held last evening at the London Coffee- ,__ • nearly one-sixth of his • upon salt for his family. After jects. The Catholics would not, I suppose, have considered
iNQUESTS.-DEATII FROM FALLING OFF A LADDER, all, the consumption per he of salt in Bengal is a little leas
actually extorted a house, Ludgate hill. Thos. Thompson, Eel., in the chair. it binding on their church, but it would have tested their
in the United States, and a little
d -By Mr. Bedford, at the Green Dragon, Villiers-street, than half the consumption per head . . i y the boasted loyalty, as a recommendatory observance.
eming to seek hem a The meeting having been commenced with singing an than alf the consumption per head in Great Bnta n. et
1 dole., extorted a sit prayer, the chairman briefly stated the objects of the
society, Strand, on the body of Jelin Cowdery, aged 35, bricklayer.
irrsridiof • the staple food of the Bengalee, would naturally STATISTICS Or DCHLiN PORT AND HAsuccß.-The
aeek from a duty 01l and preeented its claims to the audience, at the same time, Deceased, on Monday week, was repairing the roof of P tY, nee, of Dublin in 1941 amounted to 232 726. Of
last - -prompt rum to use the universal condiment in larger quantities than population , , ,
if 3,731,0 W dole, ea congratulating them that the society's asylum was now free, Messrs. Coutts' g bankin -house in the Strand, when, in de- .either the Englialiman or the American.
Ls of
tot
u,di
Th which is wed this number 11 661 were seamen (restered
~)and3,3l. The
after an effort of six years, to pay off a debt of 1,0001., and raised •the backof thepremises, he
wending a ladder agatnst.
number of fishermen was, 9 7 men 7 y .
a: I wish not to te seven yearn interest thereon. The institution of the s
ociety • dated ade th of twent feet. humid
missed his hold, and was precip p . y atmosphere and muddy soil of the shores are unfavourable to tal seafaring
of excise for impel is situated at Westmoreland-place, Camberwell, an was lie was conveyed. di tric he stranger scarce r -
to the Channg-cross Hospital, where he the manufacture. In some s tis c
nix salt in the black and filthy article presented to him. The mono- Pop
o ;
d expired on Tuesday last from erysipelas, re-
hich render it almost erected in 1834, at a cost of 6,0001., for the purpose of afford- sank, an • icily, productive of so much ptiyation, diseomfon, and even loss of Number and Tonnage of Verde belonging to tbe Port, and of
rely sensitive rte churchesan asylum to poor anal aged members of Christian „ "Accidental dh "
nutting from the injury. Verdict, eat .
---,- health, extends over forty millions of people ; and by the vile poll-tax Tone
and Mailbags in 1815.
IJES.TH A CAII.-Bp Mr. William Carter, coroner oar
only that-makm the of all denominations the building being capable of •IN it establishes, more than a million is annually squeezed out of a very aII.LONOIND TO ms SORT.
' Surrey, at the Railway Hotel, Nine Elms, relative to the pone people,
betties wildlei be mkt receiving tort inmates. Mr. Box, the secretary, read the Under 50 Tons. 4O Tons and Upwards.
Willis, eg one year. Deceased was Re conauded by observing that whenthey considered the state
death f Catherine ed
taxation with all ite report, which stated that the sum of 1,4001. had been raised
the Vessels. Tons. VONA& Tons.
daughter of respectable parents, residing at 28, Rock- of these people, who were subject to the most fatal diseases,
idministention of nth by voluntary contribution, to pay off the debt and interest•
1. Themother died there from typhus fever and when it was considered that the want of that article was Sailing Vessels
d immoral deceptions on the asylum, which purpose had been effected, and a street, 441)00 _ 3 133 31 8,532
b•- steamers
reduce the duties ore- balance of 71. 10s. left in the treasurer's hands ; this had on Monday week, and the grandmother.
had brought the a predisposing cause of such diseases, he thought the su ject ---
been done independently of the annual subscriptions andi h hcr to Ple She itself • •of fdf • •
child away, intending te, car it w t • itio • urg
.. _ _
ed upon the consideration every nen o justice, Total 272 7,804 147 29,508
i nurse and rear moveon her way to the Nine Elms terminus in a cab, when religion, and humanity. (Applause.) He could only cora-
donations to the toe sty, which, during the past year, had was
u• farm, as the costal- she discovered that the child,who sip ared quite well at --f water to this be'
great town mg
amounted to 1511. 16s. Gd., and the expenditure had beenpare the system to a supply o
is,* of eninimione, sail hich peshe hid ust left Inwards. Outwards.
the Euston-square station, w j , dependent upon po some werful body resident at Calcutta.
1511. 10s. 7d le ving a balance of ss. Ild. The report closed
ecomes at least bans. ~ aVessels. Tons. Vessels. Tone.
was apparently lifeless. She applied to a surgeon, who pro- JAMES OWEN, Esq., seconded the resolution, and it was
rhich "ere Great Coa- by an earnest appeal to Christians of all denominations toSelling Vessels
nounced it dead, and who before the .
coroner deposed that adepted. Maumee l,OlB 246,094 1,025 247,837
sting on the let of Da' aid as excellent an institution • and the meeting was subse-
edeceasedhad died from natural causes, most likely typhus MALCOLM ROSS, Esq., moved
errors of detail, marl- quently addreesed by the Rev. Mr. Milner, the Rev. Mr. rfh . .. drawn embodying the foregoing resolutions,
ever. Verdict, " Natural death. That a petition be up, Total 3,367 588,240 2,763 383,039
• 1 , itt
Out, comparative y_ _ Hunt, Mr. Allen, and Mr Marshall, who urged the import- and praythg that all duty on salt, whether manufactured in, or im-
am* of the erection of similar asylums in the metropolis ported into. India, may forthwith cease, and that, according to the MUTTON COLONIES AND VOIRIGN.
1, and candour. Wbia THE SALT MONOPOLY.
and large country towns. It was stated that there was a Intentions of the legislature, the manufseture thereof by the Honour- Inwarcla Outwards.
aetom-houses, we eltha,
vacancy for one inmate, which is to be filled up in January. MANCHESTER, THURSDAY EVENING.-A public able the East India Company, be at Aheenearlineet
to
oracticable period Vessels. Tons. Vowels. j Tons.
Ns risk, from a tens the members for &Inns yew'. 305 69,204 210 I 46,821
1 other mode of taxied MIDDLEspee HOSPITAL.-Yesterday morning, at an meeting of the bankers, merchants, and other inhabitants of discoatinued; and that se h petition he t ted
this borou h was to-da held at the Town-hall, to take intocon- his borough for presentation to pailiamen . Steamers 3 678 Sailed cutaways.
ing spirit of that 10, early hour, a special general meeting of the governors and g y
and . . of Salt- M R•sea d he gave credit to the East India Company
us tendency the r. os . i .
• that its reforms gave supporters of this extensively useful institution was held at eideration the oppressive bowi o
been Iled for having effected great good in India, and said he was not Total ...... ... ......
d limits to the power et the board-room of the establishment, for the purpose of tax and monopoly in India. The . meeting had ca
ed by upwards of 100 disposed to pass indiscriminate blame upon them.
electing an assistant-physician, and on other general bud- by the Mayor, upon • requisition sign The total income of the port is about 33,0001. per annum
JAMES ATHERTON, Bag., seconded the motion.
v•--.1,...1 11-.4.. Vv. individuals and firms.ut the available ortion of this pears to be not more than
- ... _ ,e____ :- sat. in o the LEWIS WILLIAMS,WuroAms, Esq., moved a committee to
.carry the • _
dues; bo 2 000/ from
- - • w . -.1 saes -.......... then 15,0001., derived from tonnage aut , . cur

IMPROVEMENTS IN ST. JAMES'S.—The devisees of
the late Francis Duke of Bridgewater havegiven notice that
it is their imentha to apply, early in the ensuing not
ice th
at
parliament, for a bill to authorise them to take and appro-
pnate a portion of Cleveland-square, near the palace of St.
James's. in length, from east to west, about sixty-five feet,
and in breadth eighteen feet, for building and other pur-
poses, in exchange fur certain new angels and approaches
made by them into the square, viz., widening and improving
Little St. James's-street and the mews leading from thence,
and further additions proposed to be made for widening and
improving the square and approaches thereto
TfthrOlL MINING COMPANY.—A meeting of share-
holders of this company was held yesterday at their offices,
George-yani, Lombanl-street, Mr. Thomas in the elledr,l
at which a report was real, giving by no means a favours-
Dla account of the condition of the company. It appeared
that there was a balance against the company, in the
accounts, of 2,1001. and that the creditors were very pressing.
There remained, imwev.r, about 1,2001. of arrears of mills
unpaid. which would reduce the net balance against the
company. if paid, to 0001., and a resolution was agreed to,
empoweriag the directors to enforce those arrears, after which
the meeting separated.
NATIONAL BENEVOLENT INSTITCTION.—The an-
nual election of pensioners into this institution took place
yesterday at the Freemasons' Tavern, H. Pownall, Esq., in
the chair, when, out of a list of 90 candidates, 22 were
elected. Previous to the commencement of the polling a
report was read, which showed that, at Christmas, 184.5, the
number of persons receiving pensions of 201. or 301. a year
each was 214, of whom 16 were males, and 228 females, their
average age being upwards of 73 years. The total sum dis-
bpursed in pensions since the formation of this society is
uwards of 104,2271. The entire receipts from September
NI, 1845, to September 30, 1946, including a balance from
the previous year, were 9,6601. 19s. 111., and the total
disbursements 8,7191. 1 ls. 81., namely, pensions, 5,4211. ;
purchase of funded property, 2,5131. 16s. 3d. ; and ex-
penses, 7841. 15s. Sri. The report was received and
adopted; votes of thanks were awarded to the Royal
Family for their patronage of the Institution ; and to
the Presidert and other officers of the society. The
chairman was also reworded by a vote of thanks, in acknow-
ledging which, he urged upon those assembled the necessity
of the institution receividg increased support, as the number
of applicants was annually increasing. The poll then com-
menced, and, at its conelnsion, the following persons were
declared elected —Fifteen by the votes of the day . Mrs. C.
Baker, 8010 ; Mr.G. Fox, 0720 ; Mrs.D.Bringloe, 9420 ; Mrs.
White Smith, 9120; Mr.. M. Roberts, 9120; Mrs. S. Mills,
8780; Mrs. M. May, 8730; Mrs. S. Skutt, 8700; Mr. J.
Minasi, 8510 ; Mrs. H. Grenville, 8260 ; Mrs. B. Lukey,
8180; Mrs. J. Morris, 8140; Mrs. J. Knightsbridge, 8020;
Mrs. A. C. K.eling, 7990; Mrs. M. H. Knio, 7830. Five
by aggregate votes: Mrs. C. Simpson, 13,302 ; Mrs. A.
Bloye, 12,240 ; Mrs. A. O'Connor, 11,709 ; Mrs. M. -
grave, 11,637 ; Mrs. J. IL Lawrence, 11,472. Two by rota-
tion: Mrs. H. Stockeld ; Mrs. J. Parry.
AGED PILGRIMS SOCIETY.--The annual meeting
otthis society was held last evening at the London Coffee-
house, Ludgate-hill. Thos. Thompson, Es 9., in the chair.
The meeting having been commenced with singing and
prayer, the chairman briefly stated the objects of the society,
and presented its claims to the audience, at the same time,
congratulating them that the society's asylum was now free,
after an effort of six years, to pay off a debt of 1,0001., and
seven years interest thereon. The institution of the society
is situated at Westmoreland-place, Camberwell, and was
ended in 18.34, at a cost of 6,0001., for the purpose of afford-
ing an asylum to poor and aged members of Christian
churches of all denominations, the building being capable of
receiving torty-two inmates. Mr. Box, the secretary, read the
report, which stated that the sum of 1,4001. had been raised
by voluntary contribution, to pay off the debt and interest
on the asylum, which purpose had been effected, and a
balance of 71. 10s. left in the treasurer's hands ; this had
been done independently of the annual subscriptions and
donations to the soeety, which, during the past year, had
amounted to 1511. 16s. Gd., and the expenditure had been
1511. 10s. 7d.,leaving a balance of ss. 1 ld. The report closed
b 7 an earnest appeal to Christians of all denominations to
aid so excellent an institution • and the meeting was subse-
quently addressed by the Rev. Mr. Milner, the Rev. Mr.
Hunt, Mr. Allen, and Mr Marshall, who urged the
ante of the erection of similar asylums in the metro,-
and large country towns. It was stated that there was a
vacancy for one inmate, which is to be filled up in January.
MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.—Yesterday morning, at an
early hour, a special general meeting of the governors and
supporters of this extensively useful institution was held at
the board-room of the establishment, for the purpose of
electing an assistant-physician, and on other general busi-
ness. The chair was taken by Thos. Haviland Burke, Esq.
The report, read by the secretary, Alexander Shedden, Esq.,
was of the most satisfactory nature, and some preliminary
business having been disposed of, the election was forthwith
commenced. The candidates for the vacant office were Dr.
Robert Gordon Latham and Dr. J. W. Woodfall. After a
eery animated and close contest of four hours, Dr. Latham
was chosen by a majority of 21 over his opponent: the num-
bers being, at the close of the poll, for Dr. Latham 190 votes
and 93 proxies, and for Dr. Woodfall 200 votes and 62
proxies. The result appeared to be highly satisfactory to
the meeting, which shortly afterwards broke up, having paid
the customary compliment to the chairman.
Mr. Charles Dickens arrived in Paris on Sunday,
on his return from his tour in Switzerland.—Slainiard.
THE WRONGS OF TILE POSTMASTERS.—Sir,—The
late forgery on the post-office has elicited some remarks from
you on the facilities which the arrangements of the money-
order department of the General Post-office affords to disho-
nest postmasters for defrauding the revenue. That these
arrangements admit of improvement and simplification, and
must necessarily and shortly be so altered, is evident to all
acquainted with post-office affairs. But no system that can
be devised will so effectually prevent fraud, as proper caution
in the appointment of, and fair and honest remuneration for
the services rendered by, the postmaster. The duties of a
deputy postmaster are widely different new to what they
were ten years ago ; then they were light and easy anti com-
mensurate with the emolument ; but now, not only is the
business proper to the post-office quadrupled ; but it We be-
come the national bank of transfer for nearly all sums under
241. No doubt it was at first intended only to afford to poor
persons the means of remitting small amounts cheaply and
safely; but, instead of merely fulfilling such intentions,
it has become a vast and increasing commercial auxiliary.
Not only in labour and outlay have the postmasters suffered
by the penny-postage, and the imposition of the money-order
department, but also, unimportant as it may appear, by innu-
merable vexatious and frivolous applications which these
have in a great measure given rise to. Before the postage
Ina reduced, the subjects upon which people corresponded
were comparatively important and rare. All the sins of
commission and omission by the correspondents of the whole
district the poor postmaster has to father. All complaints,
from the dignified remonstrarce of the peer to the insolent
violence of the less educated classes, however unfounded and
"xatintts,mturt be listened to with attention and replied to
with meekness, notwithstanding every moment of time so
Tecupied must be compensated from his hours of rest. And
for Performing all these the most important and responsible
duties under the crown, duties which require Winnninif
attenlion in summer, from 7 o'clock, a.m. till 10, p.m., and sn
in winter from 8 o'clock, a.m. till 9 p.m. How are they
tlDtun crated? Absolutely, atter all charges are paid peculiar
tae net efliee, and which are imposed on no other public officer,
net salary of the postmaster does not amount to the wages
vi &journeyman mechanic.—Jvicricui.
TllB RUNAWAY ENGINE ON THE SOUTH-EASTERN
it.
ierinethe
that,
co"LwaY.—lt is astonishing how few casualties occurred,
nsd
distance the engine travelled. There can be
no doubt
had the engine been one of the powerful pas-

of 1846 promises. tow.be
!ard to the grfat lad
one half is iminsdist•
and the general ek,
ne' s hope in the breast!!
and precarious ;_aavri.7
the success of thei
ous, than i n an &Mr.'
vkmen, yelds • Pro°,s:
id dignit of laboar
which the =mascot!!
Rich more to protect
ie
his opportunitot:
devote his dallriglits
minlent. The
diculed or foren..-..,_
nd of heart ere
:oral equality, the
tiling relations anZeeo
t
w which wottla bias a
at of securing to
gth of his sinewsto:Bier
✓ the it*Ousi
nal nceessium.
selfsinOS
nal bearing or
Klemesor with thohesu7iie
vevailing thr°°_t_iied Or.
n trade are uncu,
,es
far inn) futumP....
•
reciprocity a_w ego
cywhere. ET,ewnun.„a
cling her syrP,ne f"
of eretwoo,
,ousands of miles
wheat
Our crops of oh of
nted in value tiP„ogle
Ling the got°.°, infirg eaida d
sto the tainuY, gage ;
if is far from .r.'"
,e 4 na•
ed while the reves:ol.,
say 214,6°°G euligh*
it it meets modets,_ coot
ill discriminaajUg e then
uch broader welcom_f
try and entelloile

-
a
MALCOLM Ross, Esq., moved :
That &petition be drawn up, embodying the foregoing resolutions,
and praying that all duty on salt, whether manufactured in, or im-
into. India, may forthwith cease, and that, according to the
rmentions of the legislature, the manufacture thereof by the Honour-
able the East India Company, be at the earliest practicable period
discoatinued; and that such petition be entrusted to the members for
this borough for presentation to parliament.
Mr. Ross said he gave credit to the East India Compair,
for having effected great good in India, and said he was not
disposed to pass indiscriminate blame upon them.
JAMES ATHERTON, Esq., seconded the motion.
Lewis Wicuems, Esq., moved a committee to carry the
foregoing resolutions into effect, and the meeting then
concluded. — -

THE SALT MONOPOLY.
MANCHESTER, THURSDAY EVENING.—A public
meeting of the bankers, merchants, and other inhabitants of
this borough was to-day held at the Town-hall, to take i nto con-
sideration the oppressive and injurious tendency of the Salt-
tax and monopoly in India. The meeting had been called
by the Mayor, upon a requisition signed by upwards of 100
individuals and firms.
ELKANAH ARMITAGE, Esq., the Mayor, in taking the
chair, said, on receiving a requisition so numerously and
influentially signed he could not hesitate fur a moment as to
the course he ought to pursue. He had, therefore, great
pleasure in calling that meeting, and should always feel it
his duty to summon his fellow-townsmen to give expression
to their opinions when called upon under such circumstaann.
On the question of the salt monopoly in India he did ad
profess to be very well instructed, but from what he had
seen in print, the impressions on his mind were that it de-
manded prompt attention, and that if the allegations were
true, and he had not seen them contradicted, justice,
humanity, and the interests of commerce required the imme-
diate abolition of those laws which imposed these grievous
burdens upon their fellow-subjects of India. (Applause.)
R. GARDNER, Esq. proposed the first resolution
That, in the opinion of this meeting, the prevent administration of
the salt revenue in India is indefensible in principle, oppressive to the
Nropie of that country, and ought to be abolished.
Air. Gardner thought any individual who had taken the
slightest interest in the question, or had read any of the in-
formation published relative to it, must fully concur in that
resolution—that the administration of the salt duty in India
was most oppressive. It was asserted, and he had seen no
contradiction of the statement, that the article salt absorbed
one quarter of the earnings. Now they knew that all govern-
ments were the instruments of Divine Providence, and in
proportion as they used their power prudently or prejudici-
ally, were the people of those countries happy or miserable.
He thought it was not only the case in this country but in
most other countries of the world, that the poor were oppres-
sed ; they appeared to be much oppressed in India. He
could not believe many of the things said against the Court
of Directors. These men were men engaged in commerce,
like themselves, and many of them were men of intelligence ;
and he could not persuade himself it was necessary to do
more than bring this subject in all its enormities before them
to lead them to alter and amend the system. (Applause.) It
was not the interest of any government to oppress the poor ;
a temporary advantage might arise from it sometimes, but it
recoiled ; it reduced the intellect, the wealth, and the
means of every such people, and therefore it recoiled upon
the government : and they saw in looking over the world that
in those countries which were the most genial and most
productive, there was generally the greatest amount of
misery, and of suffering, and of degradatien, and simply on
account of the badness of their government. He thought the
object of the government ought to be to make the people
happy, to increase their intelligence and their moral and
physical comforts, to enable them to become useful, and to
promote the power and influence of the nation. lie was
quite sure the East India Company, being an intelligent com-
mercial body, if these thine were brought fairly before
them, must alter them. He did not believe they derived such
a great revenue from it, and were so much interested in it
themselves as were parties who enjoyed the patronage, and
were participators more immediatelyfin the fruits of that op-
pression. Every one must see, if it were riholished, how
le, if it is true that a
much it would tend to raise that peop
quarter of their earnings was absorbed in the purchase of
salt. lie believed that salt there was at best a very impure

The total income of the port is about 33,0001. per annum ;
but the available portion of this appears to be not more than
15,0001., derived from tonnage dues ; about 2,0001. from sur-
plus of ballastage ; and 3,000/. from quay wall rates : in all
about 20,000/. per annum. (See the Appendix to the Second
Report of the Tidal Harbours Commisnon.) The commerce
of the port of Dublin bad increased so much towards the close
of the last century, and the inconvenience and damage from
vessels alway lying on the ground at low water were so
great, that Parliament granted 45,0001. for constructing wet
docks. The grand canal docks, on the south side, of twenty-
five acres in extent, were opened in 1796. These docks
afford 2,000 yards of quayage, and have from 17 to 18 feet
depth of water.
STATISTICS 01, IRISH CANAI.B.—The inland communi-
cation by water from Dublin is by means of the Grand
Canal and the Royal Canal, both of which are connected
with the Shannon. The Grand Canal, commenced in 1765,
leaves Dublin on the south, and proceeding westward by
Sallies, Robertstown, and Tullamore, joins the Shannon at
Shannon Harbour. The length of the main trunk from
the Liffey to the Shannon is 80 miles ; and thence to Bal-
linsoloe, on the borders of Galway, 16 miles,—being 96
miles in a westerly direction. The leng~tth of its six branches is
68 miles. Total length 164 miles. The summit level, near
Robertatown (about twenty-six miles from Dublin), is 279
feet above the level of the sea. The total traffic in 1814, to
and from Dublin, amounted to 239,014 tons ; tolls, 32,0141. ;
inwards, 24,5251. ; outwards, 7,4891. ; passengers, 99,5281. ;
fares, 21,5711. The Royal Canal, commenced in 1789, pro-
ceeds from the north side of Dublin, westward by May-
nooth, and Mullingar to Tarmenbarry, on the Shannon,
with a branch from Killashee to Longford ; its total length
being 92 miles. The summit level near Mullingar (about
My-three miles from Dublin), is 322 feet ave the level of
the sea. This canal is fed from Lough Owebl ion Westmeath.
Its total traffic in 1844 was 91,066 tom; and the tolls
amounted to 13,353/.

SCOTLAND.
BLAIR, THE ArrHoß or "THE GRAVE."—Better late
than never: Robert Blair, the author of " The Grave," died
exactly one hundred years ago, and it is now proposed to
erect a monument to him in the churchyard of Athelstane-
ford, East Lothian, of which he was panah minister, and in
which capacity be was succeeded by the celebrated John
Home, author of "Douglas." Poor Blair could not get his
' poem published during his lifetime, as Lone of the booksellers
to whom Isaac Watts offered it would have anything to do
with it ; but it was brought out after his death, and at once
took its place as an English clank. Soon afterwards,how-
ever, appeared Gray's " Elegy ;" and the subject being the
same, and the measure more popular, " Thje Grave " was
superseded by the " Elegy," so far as familiar quotation was
concerned, although the former had a vitality, despite of oc-
casional homeliness, which no rival lines could consign to
forgetfulness. Blair was not only a man of talent himself,
but was great both as to sire and son : his grandfather was
Robert Blair, the celebrated Covenanting divine, and his son
was Lord President of the Court of Session. Dr. Hugh
Blair was also a branch of the same family.

AL.
DIES.
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'twig:awn Laws, lOW.
tr
reAoludons 13 tbat _
17 Party, whicb looks Ils,oo
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,cb would wouldo IT,
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e +up! in co „elk
taribiclaneirr.