The Express.
London, England, 1865-01-12 00:00:00

INTJUINATIONAL AND MABITLIII LAW.
-..._

Yesterday a lecture on the above subject was
delivered by Mr. Leone Levi, LLD., In Lincoln's-inn
Hall. is prwos of a large missal of memben el the
leN panteerie& le the themes of the Attoeney-Gemeral,
MID Brut took the chair. The lecturer our-
' mused by palletise out the importance of a well an-
, dersteed inereahload and marithine law to a weeny
like Englead, with its 38,000 merchaat vessels of 6,600.000
time bards& Having Pawed at the first establishment of
maritime law in the Maditernmese by the Riredisas,
gave • searmary of its bistro during the palmy essinser-
. del days of Game, Venice, sad 'ilose, sad front thews
down to modem times. Preto the penes of 1815 the great
powers of Europe cost rived with some difficulty to preserve
=My naillB64, wino the 0001111•310ereeet of the
war raised the quetiou of international law sad the
rights of nestrals to penury importance. After the war
same the Guyer of Pens, the resolutions of which
were • peat advance as the subject, end the
United Maier bad subsequently to regret that
they had eat given to their adhesion to the
resolutioas el that megrim The Trent affair especially
showed the inrwrtenoe of • clearly defined and well under-
stood feessusi code. Mr. Levi be.. quoted at length
the werks.ar= /mink and Germes, which modern
gale had on the subject, but regretted that the
*abject all through been left to the lawyers and pinion).
plan, sad that =time bad I. time of war shows very little
resiy.or bitersetional obi/oboes. However, the pro-
m of monad principles bad done something in making
ei probe ashamed of what under other chum-
Muses t have been robjeote of national glorification.
Positive p iithse, they must recollect, were always ruled by
expediency, and expediency must hare regard
to the existiag state of public morality and
public opinion. The lesisrer nut deplored the
uncertainty that 'sided reepeeting what wee, end whet
wet not, nitersaltersal law, gaoling Sir J. Mackintosh.
Oconee, sad the late Sir G. C. Lewis, far deltaitions. He
complansated the Snipe= of the Preach for his singestina
of an European cosgesss, end regretted that his
Majesty's proposal hd not waned a mere de&
eite form. What they waited was • **Min
law, and its postal d iff tidos and ameptanoe all
over the world of commerce. Steam, the telegraph, iron
ships, rifled ardsance, sad other modem invention, had
rendered math of the old law of the sea obsolete, end what
was wanted wee, the great Wunples of international and
resrltiate law adapted to mods- contispecies, sad seespied
by ensernan sonanot by all the eivilned manna of the world.
Fir example, formerly the range of a cannon shot was fixed
at Mums miles, wherein now it might be taken as six or
soma The great questions of freedom of the seas, of free
Wpm free goods, Ito., were all exhausted, bat that of the
limit of belligerent rights was as important as ever. pie
slam of nentatis were more troubleseme Asa ad old in
cossequeoes of the increased number of sans* the now
engaged is trade, and it wee therefore all thi more earees
may that the maritime and international law should be
esivereally usdeestood sad adopted. The learned professor
cosisluded with an eloquent peroration on behalf of peace,
progrees, aid civilisation, amid the general applause of the
autism& A vole of thanks wee put from the stair, and
carried by secthamthn.

Donnie) ix Emil. Donato, says a Paris
paper, has asneelled his swpgeneat with the propnetoes
of the Aleasar, bseanse he would have been obliged to ap-
pear in plant evening draw, the authorities in Paris Dot
allowing a performer to figure in ocetume at a GM am-
tank Dancing in public on one leg in the evening dress of
private fife would certainly be a difficult undertaking ; and
we an Doi surprieol that Donato should shrink from such
as animal Ware a Parisian audience.
P,

Vf DEPoorta ii THE COURT OF
CRANCRlL—Yesterday parliamentary deposit' wet. made
la the Aeriesatant-Geoerals Mice of the Conn of Chancery
is aesonat el private bills to be brought forward next
session. Oat of 895 private bill there are 368 relating to
railways, sad the amount to be deposited will exceed the
PUS &pealed last year, when it reached 6.322,889!.
Va. 3d., sad repreesated a capital of Dearly 80 minima.
An alteretioa bee been made with "mud to the deposits.
By the act of 1846 money or security could be deposited ;
ehtlit per mat, ost railer., twittron. and Inns. per ofont. on
sew work,. It was diewowed that la len ismila bad
been made oat for &pouts by other pastes" nut centieoted
with the andertakinp, and, according to a remind= of the
Hoene el Ositemeas, it was as musics of the law. The mar-
mots an sow made oat to premoten only. sad sot to third
parties. According to one of the " Bleeding Orders of the
Road' the devesim moot he mai. rewiennelv a She 15th
Jansen tad, tbareftwe. Bawler le the Wild •
lianwrousart ALENSFIT INOCLITIN? AsTll34---
21te maul treat to the Janata of this isMitation, ia the
mire Pead-rreel, was glom es Monday, whoa they were
segaled with • dieser et geed old Beistish Iw, aid a miry
bop etwareay el Words eamattet tbe deems sad eabwribees
ere ea RITIONARINI to the preeeedlapi by Heir
$s
elainees. Mr. J. T. Mac shawl the to=
provided a hose for 166 mellese, of whom 34 mew randascl.
and, he was glad to sev,liviag wry happily. Tbe evaity
bad sew 7.lebi. capital %meted in the paths 111001111. la
peersaing "The Irsisadly fiesiettes of Otsas Bißdp:' the
weareary said that sheet 130 of time is the sestrepolie
and selettheotheed eolatothed, sad be "maned that wee
did set we it to air totem' to give the imiditathee ebb-
omega] apport hung for the bank of their somber,
only. A tea meeting fol owed, sad thee elegies sad
vdrsit
twill to dell to the a, delight al the timothy sad i

LIIILBOAT SKRVICEEL—During the storms
a the part ray, 1914 the banal of the National Witheat
laatinallas wad arm dieneat media moor eimaia.
The linellilien Ina antutini 415,631 II& id. In the same
Mea ila Mensal eunrilate in adthiloa to ranting
as rewards tra rein ea lipwreeked wawa by ite
Nihon@ ami ether maina The Committee of the loetitution
•Plrliii. Se She pc for ASSISTANCE, to amble
118•1mest lbeemailmeiteavy demands es the
Imaitatioife
nil UMW
by Mewl. Wit/Is aad Oa . laleeint
madiro..% eVE idei . and by ell the London and ooantry
Imam and Ny lbe Pameitary, lakhard Livia 1104.0 il I I the la -
WOW" if. John -strait. Adetohi.

JOHN BROGDICNII GOLD CHAINS by troy
Mint, e$ naliesble Moe, sad the workman* st
Mohan. annufactunne Woes. The gold la the chain gU$
sates& and ropurchand as the gel co oh
HoPidthe sots,
Row lunch your chain Mahe to the utmost own
The Mom of the {old, aml chirp for fashion:
muumuu.
Manufactory, N 0.16, litsriettanren Coven-OMM W.C.,
Tondos
Mays mole of chains and lowans* forts. each.
X.B. 71do enablialueent Is dosed at 6 In the evening. and ou
altordaye at 1 o'clock.

REMEMBER ! we wait Supper toe you after
the PaiSOM/Mll4. IS IWO . Fan st.t.

Eke Orprefso.

TO 00111LIBPONDIINTS.
,dvettloomonto Intended far " Rome Loadoa Meals.
must be at Yea cask 10. louverieargel. b 7 Two
.icockontMdaloli~

EATMARRIT.
THIS Evsrune. DAVID OLLIIICK.—LORD DUNDRIARY
MARRIED AND DUNE 105. MOM Bothers. Braid. Buck-
stake, Gordon Miss Sooirdos.—PßlNClSB SPRINGTIME.
➢➢ock-
Mr. Oomptoa mad Mr issisi.—AM Wlti. WEITZ.

PILINCIDS/.
HVININZ THE MAGIC HORNE AND THE ICI lIAIDZN
PZINClllB.—anl THE n=l= OS LONDON. Moms. Vialag.
J. W. any, D. Mier, D. II . J. Nelson. H. leereeler, and
IR. Mike ; Kn. I. Marstan. Ml.rs Dines* sal Ovrime.

LYCIITIL
ris Imam NY Inns OUT. Kr. WWIIWomb,.
WIT ALA& Maim lorkewr, RAW. litspitrick. Clarks, am-
used. Malagre, Morsised. 08041. Mord MIN C. 11.4clareq.
—Aad ELAM-FACED IMPOPTORS. Mr. Widdloosb.

ILEITAWIRA.
11E1 ETIFEIL LITTLE DUSTin : or. the Old Lady of
Thresdneedienlenet. Needie
wood r L Lae, W. Eflndant, end L
Jacobs . Mr. 0. Elm Flrst,ente Pantomimist. —And Till
WOII.OI2LS OF I.ol.ooll.—Conuaeac• at hidf-piet O.

MON WATT' AT LONDON-MUDOL
UN DAT Manila& lb. leta.....Atternooo. 211. Sea
Lammas Morals, 1111. lara.....Absesoce, Sh. lam

LONDON, THURSDAY, JANUARY 12.

A surouLut version of the Pora'a reply to the
congratulations of the French Coultas/ma-1w-
Czar on New Year's day in given by our French
contemporary, L'Opinion Nationale
Dare( the het 15 years I have received at this
4seasse the good wider of the French srmy through its
gemenls. Ome of these, who is now a marshal, brought
to me the keys of this city, and another, who is also •
marshal, reesated me ea this throne. The same magratu.
Likes which have be.. Geared by you, Greersl, have beim
also addressed by other generals. The French army has
. . .

renamed me great setsloes ; I shall therefore ail slows
on it the blessiep el Heaven ; I shall also pray for
your great sod 'mere= natios, for the imperial
finny, for the Empress sod her august sea, sod
also for him who—for him who directs the
dW of Frame. I will implore for him the

spirit ad justice in return tor the protection which he has
even le ale. In the midst of the didicalt eiroametaness in
widish he is pissed, I !Nay the Holy Ghost to inspire him
with justice; let him bear in mind that God skies, by Hi
Holy Spirit. give, strength to sovereigns, and that they can-
not maintain themselves on their thrones eaospt by basing

their ads ea equity. I therefore mil for the blaming* of
Heaven ea you, ou the French army, en your familiar, oa
peat sad generous France, cm the Empress, at the kb.

perial family, and on him who governs the country.
The HOLY PAywza, it appears, i• ready and even
la►ish in his acknowledgments to the generals
and the troops who restored the keys of the city
to him, and who reseated him on his throne, and
still keep him in his seat. He Galls down the
blessings of Heaven on the soldiers who performed
those signal services, and he is equally willing to
pray for " the great and generous nation "
(without distinguishing between Catholic and
Liberal France), of which those soldiers are
a part ; for " the Imperial family, " of which
Prince NAPOLEON JEROME, the son-in-law
of VICTOR EMMA:CI', is the most con-
spicuous and most powerful member ; for
" the Exrar.s.s and her august son, and also for
" him . . . (here the HOLY FATHER heel-
" tated) (Tire bru.diort duets l'audituirt) . . .

" for him who directs the destinies of
" France." We can well understand the
" lively emotion" which all who witnessed this
conspicuous hesitation are reported to have felt and
expressed. It would have been strange enough if
the HOLY FATHER had hesitated to bleu and pray
for the army that restored and still preserves his
throne, and for the great and generous nation of
which that army is • part ; but wherefore this ill-
omened pause and ambiguous periphrasis, when the
name of the elected Ruler and Chief of that great
and generous nation, the disposer of that army,
the head of that Imperial family, the husband of
that EMPRESS, and the father of that august sou
should have been pronounced with especial gratitude
and honour, according at least to all ordinary
human considerations? The HOLY FATHRR, it is
true, showed his respect for his enigmatical and
anonymous benefactor by an elaborate admonition
not unlike the curse which BALSAM was in-
vited to deliver. There is perhaps a strength-
ening virtue in such a form of benediction which may
render it acceptable ; it certainly has all the bit-
terness of a tonic. " I will implore for him the
" spirit of justice in return fur the protection
" which he has given me. In the midst of the
" difficult circumstances in which he is placed, I
" pray the Holy Spirit to inspire him with justice;
"let him bear in mind that GOD alone, by His
" Holy Spirit, gives strength to sovereigns, and
" that they cannot maintain themselves on their
" thrones except by basing their acts on equity."
These are the gracious phrases in which his Holi-
ness envelopes • blessing on "him who governs"
France. To dispassionate readers at a distance •
blessing of this kind seems remarkably severe. To
compare small things with great, we are unavoid-
ably reminded of the honest British seaman who
resolved to give the Port Admiral a " bit of hie
" mind" the first time he met him in the streets of
Portsmouth ; and so the gallant fellow did, in •
form of adjuration more remarkable for the short-
ness and simplicity of its native eloquence than for
its evangelical charity. The HOLY FATHER
takes the felicitous opportunity of a New
Year's blessing to give his Imperial re-
storer and preserver • "bit of his mind." And
we must confess that if Pius IX. were not an
old man in very easy circumstances, and perfectly
secure from harm and insult, there would be some-
thing almost pathetic in this solemn admonitory
message, hinting a doubt and hesitating dislike
under cover of an extorted blessing.
How it has been received by "him who
" gawps," not only the destinies of France, but
virtually the destinies of Rome, it would be idle
to conjecture. Perhaps the remark of the Roman
moralist may occur to the biographer of Cassaa.
" We meet with much ingratitude, but we make
" more than we fled :" Hullos ineenimus, plum
facimiss inyrat‘m. The Emperor of the Fames
may console himself with the reflection that during
the twelve years of his reign, which the Bishop of
blogratisap with playful irony describes es not
destitute of glory, he found or deemed it necessary
to his own security and power to excite the gratitude
and deserve the ingratitude of the Roman Church

by raising it to almost coequal jotheriy with the
State ; by abandoning to its innitoe preteiiiionik
the whole education of tie pawl by pe
the whole face of France to be blackened
religious orders and oonfraternities, and • vast
obaritable association to be turned into a vast
ecclesiastical conspiracy ; by petty provincirf
persecutions of Protestant communities ; by a sys-
k
tematio severity towards minorities who claimed
to exercise the rights of freedom of conscience and
of worship ; and, above all, by persisting in the mi-
litary occupation of Rome on the hie pretence of
seeking to effect a reconciliation between the
Papacy and those national rights and liberal prin-
ciples which the Papacy consistently abhors and
condemns. Assuredly, if ever • benefactor earned
ingratitude the present ruler of France has earned
it from the Court of Rome ; and, as in all such
coma, it is probable enough that the Court of
Rome considers the ingratitude to be on the other
side. Gratitude is a burden that only the highest
natures can bear without chafing and impatience ;
but gratitude for favours which are at once intoler-
ableandindispensable, andwhatis worse, forfavours
about to cease, is a virtue too sublime to look
for in this lower world, even in • Vicar of Cnairr.
It becomes us, however, as mere outside spectators
of thaw family quarrels between the Eldest Son and
the HOLY FATIMR, to acknowledge that, after
all, it is not the old man who, while he is being
held in his chair by a dutiful son, finds the seat
being quietly drawn from under him, that plays
the sorrier part in this serious comedy, or whose
fall should excite derision rather than pity. In
the conflict between Church and State which
is beginning once more in France, we must de-
sire and believe in the triumph of the cause
of civilization ; but it is impossible to refuse some
sympathy even to ultramontane Bishops who have
the courage of sincerity. The cause of liberty is
ill championed by those who would set one tyranny
against another, and who would use the name of
Right itself as a trick of policy.