The Express.
London, England, 1848-10-10 00:00:00

wen Os the side nth the Wasp ell the high simedt party
weed haat semis* m the remedisele ems mem&
elven* lb* ebbedlesoo empesdieS is the
03
II lesess, W. se yas arty meat of bade is this
dm hem the Dreas osows, tech shies with the delimpost
puseggee. s=straptr tirre crier, aloe stall
&hi dieurs=r .4111110 pew is this se s. Maytag
ur=sumerees, deo has Cs swag theuelage urn
is aided ear demotic mad
distiese este* est elissiMers, sad fee a
geeitime espmetodthe Waage is this OM. It et seems
smodoes a emositstasolle Whams,. Ail the yens"
have mind bogs
seaway Molt esTrialti Mrs seastosesee, esd theme=
esedq
te biome at loa d he emblem
100100, Whoakesegyee, tisesime. sass ho mareen-
liss Is Idaho the sights a( Dr. Osilmissh,dmielesses
ado* Okapi des mow evideat Is dsot ta this,
the Mimi Mamma essalle& sii, list of ear Wgh
who paillomtele ems: ewe Is God
*dr Adel . Is this emen, the af erdisaties
is ef mares withrea the lishaps, loat el a paritfsh is
the dematios ef the maple. Our hither, es tim ceriry,
sued le esdalsed melees they are deem* top the clergy sad
hity in amnesties. At the ammadthia Milts the old
will dhotis, Dr. sedeali is dill a
mr...1 this Minos wastlisr,-4 be set ambled to a
at =ll=l,ll. If he amid Amara his
Fr goee,s the wield be old even by
kwitamimoss ; hat while be asps proem m s right,
there will semis a swim cpmsbries.
We leave seer twenty-dm missed Weep to the United
MOttin. 1,03 prestryten sad riemess, and 2,000,000 of
pesesmseennested with the char*.
Amalie; curious tendency is brde. The Dutch
gsiSNed church of this country, mem in oonnezion with the
Aare of liolland, is sew agitated with the inquiry, whe-
ther it should twat litergy is (for it has one) in its
public worship. lb press already dimming the
abject with some
sad sus
Th, re is solid of is carrying on taining
earncism mialoliamosto Isdeed, so much Mews
attends the .sesdd skeeekes, that the Gale of peers My
Often defrays the enema of building. The American
stintstry is cm the whole em We one, and its members lea
very hl melees liven. Among, the clue which you would
tam di.sentets, the methodists and baptists are most
numerous.
There is now in maim at at Pt iladelphis a body of scien-
tific in, I I. who are nuking putille their opinions on 'various
interning subjects. They oisplsy met munch and ability,
end above all, that sense of the swirl and practical whi is
the char. merlins of our moans. Twenty flee yeas ego
sock a meeting could net have taken place, hut it cannot be
denied that our country hes now a large number of learned
Ica who devote thanosieu to ietiontifio pursuits with un-
disguised ardour. We have in this country 120 colleges
where degrees ere eosiferred, and it kindly to be seen that
there mint be couneetad with these a considerable body of
literary end scientific persons.
In looking over one of the daily papers published at
Hallo, a large city which, as a village, was nearly de-
stroyed be the English duds; the late war,; and now con
trios &brut 40,000 inhabitants, I was struck with its la-
cresting c minercial importeace. Thus, for example, on the
22nd 01 Keptember there snivel in that port from the liner
lakes 11 steamers
such schoenen, all heavily laden. 'The
freight consisted of articles as thew—beef, &or, ashes,
live hops, butter, high wines, sal serems, flaxseed, timothy
seed, tab, cheese, feathers, cider, wheat, rye, oats, staves,
rapper ore he. On the Name day 31 rammer+ end sailing
vessels cleared kr the upper ports, with cargoes of mer-
chandise. The snivel of the English steamers is of as much
consequence to the merchants of Buffalo es to those of New
York. The commcrcial news is organiunicated to them by
talegra:•ti, and very often for several days previous to the
arrival of am steams:, CO ireneactions of any importance take

Is exesanatios, sad are worth the attention of all who are
hammllletely Interested in the trade in corn. The near &p-
-residia' free trade in corn avoids on the past of the con-
genital that nemmity foe anxious attention to the home crop
k fleecy attracted. The writer we last referred to says,
" Alarms* there never was a wheat crop on which it was
saw diktat to make a report which would be altogether
trWrfikani, the coadenaed summery dour information may
be lowa #ves. If you true the Thames from its mouth to
its mare% &eat four miles .oath-west of Cheltenham, and
from that plattrees another We to Ludlow, you may safely
conclude that the wheat pranged ea the land lying to the
south and soatleterm Maul ilsembed line, will prove de-
tective in its amiable Paid • end that sot to an insignificant
degree. It ineludes the bed wheat mew of Kent, lice-
usoathabire, and Herekedeltire, to whisk we formerly ad-
verted, and the defective wheat mega el ell the other western
isoantnn Perhaps we ought to Beek re from this
description, but we are the avenge of a
general
section of the country. And it may be kW
estimated that this larger section will tireless he
wheat than it did in 1847 by at least ten bushels to the um
and his than an avenge supply by six bushels to the acre."
The teedon hen described contain/ the most backward agate
cultural districts in the kingdom, and where the predase
year by year is far less than in the eastern and nudism
ementleg, and in considerable districts of the midland ewe,
the. The agriculture of the weed and south of England is
rude in comparison with that of the eastern counties, awl Ws
year the former, the wont farmed districts. have had meet
wet. After some remarks of that sort, the writer proceeds :
" Then bow much in the aggregate must we set down for the
deficiency in this great section ? It may be assumed that
the wheat annually produced in it does not exceed one-
fourth of the quantity annually produced in England and
Wales. We telieve, first, that Westmorel ind, Cumberland,
Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and
Nottinghamshire, produce as much wheat as the district
under review ; second, that Norfolk, Suffolk, Etna, Middle-
Stx, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonthire produce tees.
Then for the third, we have, without North Wiles, as
many counties lying between the Thames and Westmore-
land, leaving Oxfordshire and Lancashire at the eztreenities,
and coming as far eastward as Rutland and Bedbrdelthe
as the great section itself congas; and this third bundle
the great wheat producing counties of Bedford, Oxford,
Worcester, Warwick, and Northampton. There cannot be
a doubt that this third part produces annually as much
wheat as the great southern and western section ; se
by this kind of rough analysis, and also considering
that that section is not the part of England w
produces the greatest crops of wheat, we arrive at the armed
tact that the southern and western district has about
, 1,600,000 acres applied to wheat culture. A deficiency of 6
bushels per aen on 1,500,000 acres would show an aggregate
lees, compared with an average supply, of 1,126.0u0 qrs.
in the wheat produced la the south and west districts of
I England in the year 1848." The writer then assumes
the present crop for the districts be has mentioned north of
the Thames. to be " 3 bushels to the acre short of en average
supply, or 10 bushels to the acre short of the wheat harvest
of 1847. This would show a difference in the two crops of
nearly 6,000,000 bushels of wheat in the north of Thames
great section of the country ; and an assumed deficiency,
compared with the avenge supply, of 1,502,500 qrs." These
sums, taken together, would give an average deficiency of
wheat in the crop of all England to the extent of 2,657,500
qrs. The great portion of this deficiency is thus assumed to
arise from the great western and southern section, wLich is
accounted fur bthe greeter prevalence of wet weather in
that section. "Nothing, ' says the writer, " can show this
difference more strikingly than the fact which we mentioned
some time ago, viz., that at the commencement of harvest
we found more barley cut and carried in Nottinghamshire
and the molds of Lutoolnehire than was cut and carried
between London and Reading (usually reckoned the
forwardest part of all district!). Another explanation is that
some parts of the north of Thames section are reported to
yield better crops of wheat, oats, and barley in isiq than in
1847." It is said, that starting on the lot of September on
the year of consumption with tare millions of quarters defi-
cient, where is to be found the compentatiun ? "We
answer at once," says the circular ; "it may be readily
found, and much more, in the stock of old wheat of home
growth in the hands of the farmers. We believe that in
some past recent yeah as large, perhaps a larger, quantity
of old wheat was held at harvest time by the wheat growers
of the fens of Norfolk, Cambridge, and Lincolnshire, as wall
as by some of thou living on the more elevated lands of the
last reality. But this does not affect the strength of our
convictioa or the satisfactory conclusion that we have
drawn, as, the result of diligent inquiry and examination.
The stock of old wheat is more thickly spread all over the
whole country than we ever before knew it, not excepting,
we believe, the stock held at the time of harvest in 184 e.
Small farmers as well as large now hold old wheat ; and it
is to be found in all obscure by-places, as well as in more
conspicuous and far-famed districts." On each data the
writer assumes that the stock of old wheat is sufficient for
three months' consumption. If that be so, there is no
chance of any material rise in prices. Bat the circumstance
that many small farmers now hold old wheat is a proof that
amongst that clam improved farming and its consequence,
better ciromastances, prevail. Thine satisfactory.
It is net an increase en the size of farms that is wanted in
the present day in England—for, in fact, that has in many
districts been carried too tar—but an increased proportion of
capital used in cultivation to the acreage of the farm. The
mall fanner, who has sufficient capital to manage his land
wan, will often make up for the disadvantages he labours
limier from the limited extent of his business by greater
krmality and attention to small gain ; and certainly a small
Wow with a full capital in proportion to the me of him
ism is far more likely to make a good living than a large
Swath whose capital is deficient. Still, as a rule, the large'
esermiers are the men who apply the greatest proportion of
capital to their farms; and it is a good and hopeful sign that
the smaller farmers of the Midland and Eastern Counties
are holders of last year's wheat. That there are too
many, appeared by game and dependence, who will not be
able to hold on their farm. at all, we fear then is
no doubt. Of the Scotch crepe the report is more
favourable. Thus the Glasgow Examiner gives as the result
of extended inquiry that " Wheat and barley have been so-
cured in good condition, the quality excellent, and the quan-
tity rather under an average. The oat crop, en whisk the
Scottish farmers mainly depend, and which in &Wand le
the . staff of life ' is superior both in bulk and quality._ The
only crop exciting alarm is the potato crop z but Ws very
alarm is no doubt creating the disease. In three counties no
disease has yet appeared ; in the greater number of anemias
the disease is trifling, possibly not more than was mums
previously to 1845. It must be admitted, however, that la
gardens and in several counties the disease is egad to that of
1845-6, causing in some cues a total loss, and la others a
loos of else-half, and twothirds of the crop. As the breadth
planted, however, exceeds by one-ha that of last year,
should the autumn continue fine there Is us feu of an abun-
dant supply of a wholesome article throughout the year at •
moderate price." This, we fear, is a somewhat sanguine
estimate of the potato crop, especially as the condition epos
which it was made contingent, viz., the continuant* of
fine weather, has sot been fulfilled. Of the rupply of stock
provender the monthly report of the cattle trade states'
that the " fineness of the weather (daring the first three
weeks of September) has produced a great abundance of pas-
ture herbage in all puts of the United Kingdom ; and not-
withstanding moat farms are well stocked, great difficulty
has been experineed in keeping down the gram sufficiently
low for the sheep. The quantity of old hay on hand is large;
that of new both first and second cut, vim sanative hence
we may safely amine that no want of food
will be felt for
some tim, especially as the turnip crop is turning out abun-
dant and of excellent quality." The effect of this state of
things is shown in the lean stook markets, white both
cattle and sheep have advanced in price. The vast quanti-
ties of rain which have fallen within the last fortnight have
seriously interfered with the preparation of land, particularly
heavy land, for wheat resent indications ars those
of a bed seed time. Thientay ythe etp affect the price o f wheat.

IRELAND.

Ballinaslos on Friday. Lord Clancsrty presided.
Lords Sligo, Downshire, Gort, Clonbrock, and
other personages or influence, were present, and
took part in the proceedings. Such an usemblar
has been annually held now for some years. All the
noblemen and gentlemen eloquently and elaborately
detailed the advantages to be derived from connecting
Dublin with a western port, bringing the west of
Ireland within one days' travel of London. Each lord
and landed proprietor promises to promote the ob-
ject. None of them " come down with the ready,"
and there the matter ends.
The correspondent of the Cork Constitution writes
as follows from Clonmel
It is admitted, by even those desirous for anarchy and
oonflasion, that, throughout the entire campaign called a
" rebellion," Smith O'Brien displayed no ens triit of charts.
ter suited to a man who sought to overthrow a government.
livery set was childish beyond conception. From the mo-
ment he was informed of the proposed suspension of the
Habeas Corpus Act, the last remnant of prudence parted
y with him, and he worked upon his
fmneiginaan- ti until he brought himself to the belief
that, by :lairs to Tipperary, and there sounding
the tocsin, Ireland would be in arms. When he arrived
at Killenaule he declared the moment had arrived,
end Meagher, Dillon, Doheny, and others who accompanied
him, endeavoured to dissuade him from his purpose, and im-
, m with the rashness of the effort and the certainty of
immediate defeat. A peocil-tearing was made of the vihap
and roads around to show him that there were six channels
through which troops could be simultaneously poured in
from the large military and police garrisons in the country.
Them explanations he disregarded, declaring that the people
having pledged themselves to defend him front arrest, and
having refused to allow him to succumb to British law, ha
would test their sincerity and not compromise his own
honour or position. lie determined on proceeding
to the Commons of Denbigh, where he expected
to have materially increased has number of followers by
enlisting the workmen at the Irish Mining Company's
collieries' But on the evening he arrived there he per-
receive a disinclination on the part of the colliers to loin
him unless their employers permitted them, and that their
wages were not to be forfeited. This disappointment came
upon him by stylise, and he now for the first time
felt his mistaken position. lie was now besought to
leave that neighbourhood and attempt escape from the
country, as the proceedings at Killenaule had involved
him in the crime of high treason. Obstinacy was still
predominant; advice he would not avail of, and in
the course of that night he shed tears, declaring he
never could have supposed the price would have so
disregarded his demands end menaces. He now deter-
mined on another course, and he sat down and penned the
letter to the mining company's directors which was given
in evidence against him. This he was implored not to send
forward, as it would be immediately placed in the hands of
the government, and be the means of knotting the rope on
his own neck as well as that of everyman who followed him.
This advice also he disregarded, and sent for the superin-
tendent of the collieries to deliver it to him for his directors.
Meagher, Doheny, 'Alen, and others then declared they
would not any longer compromise their lives by his indis-
action, and they immediately lied from the place. This
very letter is the piece of evidence which bears most heavily
in the case. It dissipates any colour of mere insurrection
or riot which, without it, they affray might have inflated
into it.

Taut, or Ma. C. Cl. DUFFT.—The Dublin commission
is to open on the 21st inst. Mr. Duffy is to be tried at this
commission. In the summonses to the city grand jury,
there is a notification that " • heavy penalty will be incurred
for non-attendance."
INCHNDIAILIIIN NEAR DUBLIN.—AS incendiary fife, I
circumstance or unusual occurrence near Dublin, took place
at Artane, four miles northwards of Dublin, last night. The
premises consumed consisted of the farm-buildings of Mr.
Alley, of the firm of Alley and Boos, brewers, so I under-
stand, who resides at Amine, and the farm.ricks ridjoining.
About sixteen ricks of corn, principally wheat, were utterly
destroyed, the value of the property being several hundred
pounds. There . can be no doubt the fire was the act of an
kandiary.