The Express.
London, England, 1849-11-16 00:00:00

I

franchise and the possession of laed. Hitherto both
have bea well sigh neettnienble. Tea, pound
houses can be occupied, either is Urea as sash
boroughs, by a comparative'," aniallinumbespratosk-
men • %elite they would he frcogrbelotrott
franchise Nein the ineeflellitref parishanink_fre e-
holds smell enough 4fttheir mener Heoce
we find the working clue politiciai invariably look-
ing to a general entranchisement of his whole class by
lereettve- embedment, and disregarding all effort fen
individual enfranchisement.
For an induce of the desire of the working class
to obtain possession of land, we need only refer to the
sageness with which the "national land echelon"
was embraced by them, though from the entirely
erroneous data on which it was based, it has produced
nothing but disappointment and disaster to the
subscrthas.
Now, the movement to enlarge the county consti-
tuencies by means of freehold land societies, which
was so ably advocated at the Birmingham Conference
on Tuesday, is well adapted to meet these two
requirements of the working classes. The county
franchise is in many respects more convenient to a
working man than that of a city or borough ; it is
more entirely personal; it dies not depend on a
continuous residence in one locality, and is nit so
much incumbered by restrictive oonditions as the
borough franchise. Having purchased his freehold
qualification, a man may remove to any distance, and
ascertaining through a friend that he is properly
registered, may be prepared to assert his political
views with effect at each county election. The p
session of a freehold qualification in the county
wherein he lives and labourer, rill always be a source
of satisfaction to the intelligent workman, and will
render him respected by his neighbours. The original
plan of the land societies, a, first established in Bir-
mingham, is simple enough. A number of persons sub-
scribe to buys piece of land, which, after being divided
into lots of the value of about 40s. a year, is allotted
amongst so many of the subscribers as the number of
lots will run to. The share of each member may or
not be paid up at once, but in most cases the shares
are paid for by periodical, weekly or monthly, instal-
ments, and where an allotment has been made to any
shareholder, it remains charged to the society as
aeouri.y for full payment of the price. No
profit is made by the society, so that with
the exception of a rateable
_proportion of
expenses, the allottee obtains his small retailed bit of
land at the same rate as the whole piece was pur-
chased by the society. In Birmingham, where there
is a demand for building land, from 201. to 301. thus
Lid oat have produced the yearly income of 40s. and
upwards to each allottee. But, as Mr. COBDEN truly
moan% good cottage sites and the demand for
lista elemest always and everywhere be met with.
Times societies, however, are available for buying
land in quantities and re-selling it in smaller portions
in localities where building lots are not required.
Them are few places in which a certain number of
small lots of ground would not command purchasers,
and especially when the price may be paid in a
manner so convenient as by small periodical pay-
ments. In all towns of any ize there are many
tradesmen, working men, and others, who could
without any great difficulty spare from 2s. to 10s. per
week for the accomplishment of an object so desirable
as the purchase of a piece of freehold land ; and even
in the tillages and rural distr..cts, there are generally
a few industrious men who would gladly acquire land
in that way.
In many country places the farming labourers pay
one shilling a pole as rent of garden ground, which is
equal to 81. per acre ; but in most places land may be
bought and retailed at from 401. to 601. per acre.
Any man who will save 3s. or 4e. a week may, in five
or six years, become the absolute and unencumbered
owner of an acre of land; and while he is paying off
the price, he will be in the actual enjoyment of hie
purchase. Apart, therefore, from the franchise, a
freehold land society managed with tact and judg-
ment will become an exct llant agert for distributing
land in moderate portions amongst the humbler
classes. Can there be anything more likely to im-
prove the condition of thou classes than to induce
them to save for the purpose of buying land? Most
village artisans would become land buyers, for they
could soon improve their purchases by the erection
of dwellings for themselves or to let to others ; and
many thrifty labourers would make vigorous efforts
to obtain a cottage and garden of their own. In a
pad& in the west of England, where the land is
very much divided, and where nearly every one,
from the parson, the lawyer, and the doc-
tor, down to the day labourer, is an occo-
oof land, we met with many instances
who from mere day labourers, had, througb
Yes occupation of small portions ot land, become them-
MEWS the owners of freeholds; in two or three
instances of rather considerable extent. And it is
worthy of remark that in this place, a parliamentary
borough, these men have invariably proved staunch,
bosoot and independent in their political course.
Not that the operations ot a society are necessarily
confined to the sale of small portions of land. For
Whom a property in a rural parish may be offered for
sale, lotions of which would be readily bought by
men of some means could they pay the price by in-
stalments, but they cannot pay at cecet mid it
does not snit the purpose of the seller to receive pay-
ment by instalments. Perhaps, too, it may be au
object to sell the property altogether ; it may be
mortgaged ; all the purchase money may be wanted
to divide amongst the family of a deceased proprietor,
or for investment in some business, and a variety of
reasons may prevent that sort of parcelling oat
the property to snit the local demand ; and
in consequence the estate is bought in
the lump by some neighbouring lardowner who has
already more than be an manage wisely or well.
Here, then, the freehold society might step in, pur-
chase the ropeety! and resell it to the local resi-
dents in such Roruoas, larger or smaller, as might
meet their requirements. Besides aiding in the ac-
quirement of the franchise, these societies may he
useful in applying the commercial principle to land. I
In order to effect this, each society should con-
sist of a large number of members, so that the fund'
at its command may be sufficiently large to buy a
considerable property. Such a plan would require
some enlargement of the original scheme, by allow-
ing the sale of property to persons not members of
I the society, and would Include the power ot making
a profit for the society's benefit.
of

THE NEW MORMON STATE.
. . .
i dict
, Thaiset lattelErnite fr America include* a noti-
lotion which is sabiegoesti of reflation as anyihing which
has recently trenegfired in IN reglins. The !rewash, of
the 13add States belikely t riumeen addidoesell member,
ABA alder eireaesetaa,N s without • parallel is modem
pitiliCS. For sod,-yeah put the. Beet of the Mormons has
been steadily growing in numbers, sad in that consideration
which numbers, under the Anwelan coustitadoo, cannot
fail to insure.. They plated a conspicucus part during the
presidor ey of Mr. Van Soren, and they hare repeatedly
bun ei urled by the great political parties in their @huge's'
firepower. Neither the vagabond lice nor the unbrroie
death of Joe Smith, the original " prophet," sorted materially
to discredit this prodigious imposture, end at the present
lament Mora iniem is a more acceptable and thriving
rietdrine than it has ever been before. It is curlew. though
set perhaps surprising, that the Let is mainly recruited by
emigrants o. whom by far the largest proportion are from this
entotry. Proselytism in the States proceeds but slowly in coos
prison, and although the settlements of the new religi 'nista
wive always been on the outskirts of civilised, 0, set they
have never made any converts amongst the aborigines.
Nothing can be more remarkable than the superiority, in
this /upset, of instinct over education. Steady-going
yeomen from Yorkshire and Cumberland pinned their spi-
ritual and pecuniary trusts, with the utmost implicitness,
upon • man whom the unlettered Indians denominated
Tshe-wal-lie-ke, which, is an English version, signifies " a
great rascal."
In the disturbances, however, which ensued upon the
incarceration and extinction of the "revelator" Joe Smith,
the old settlement of Nuevo° was abandoned, and the
last amounts represent this mysterious city es having
meet appropriately fallen into the halide of ill. Cabot, who
will no doubt acquire from tl e Indians as correct a dodges-
don as his predecessor, and incur perhaps somewhat similar
risks from those Americas citizens who are accustomed
to define " theft" rather as the abstraction than the pos-
e scion of private property. The subsequent migrations of
the brotherhood tended towards that extraordinary piece
of inland water in the heart of Upper Calitornia termed the
Great Solt LA*, which lies to the worth-east of the gold
country. Four years ago this district had not a single
ealled inhabitant, but so strong are the combined aurae-
tans of novelty, distance, solitude, false prophecies, and
geld, that the central of anon airy hat already a population
el 6,000, and a resolution has i sea taken to form the whole
region into a " State "—tie be taken and accepted as an
integral part of the American Union. In pursuance of this
determination, • convention of citizens was summoned to
meet at the city of the Great Salt Lek% and there invest
themselves with • deflate political sondEntion. Tue con-
vention met accordingly, and the result wee, the adoption of
a memorial to emigres?, and the estehliehment, ad interim,
of a provisional state government after the fashion following ;
Tire first step was to defies exactly the extent and b mod.
ariesof the free and independent government to be established
and ordained. These limits are laid down with as much
precision es the nature of the Case admitted, but it will pro-
bably suffice to observe, that the new state appears to occupy
the watt-easternmost portion of the territory recently ceded
by the government of Mexico, embracing a very large tract,
and strembirg westerly to the coat of the Pacific for a
small seaboard own St. Diego and St. Fernando. The raw
government was then endowed with tripartat powers—
legislative, executive, and judicial; comprising a senate of
seventeen and a house of thirty-live members, with
speaker, clerk, and sarjeant-ateasies, and a gover-
nor, lieutenant-governor, secretary el date, and tree-
surer. The Seat General Asiembly met on the 2nd of July
and adjourned on the 9th, haying set forth their declaretioa
of independence and memorialised Congress for admission
into the Unien under the name, style, and title of toe State
of Deseret—a designation which imphee, is Mormon purees.
ology, " the honey bee," and is meant to typify the com-
bined virtue of industry tad love.
In reflecting on the affairs of the American continent, the
extrwrdinary character of the country, as resulting from the
distances between one state and another, cannot fail to
s She the mind. The . present instance furnishes a argue'
example of this pecultsrity. Supposing that " Deseret "
should be admitted into the political fraternity of the Union,
in pursuance of its petition, then the capital of this state
will bs separated from the seat of federal government by
2,600 miles, being nearly twice the disuenes between
Seringapatem and Delhi, and five sixths of the distance
between Liverpool and New York. It is, of course, well
understood that the constitution of the new state ie virtually
based upon Mormoniom, and that its iatemal economy
will be characterised by the peculiarities of this creed.
Whether such facts will operate as say bar to the political
statue now claimed, is • subject of speculation. The
Americans are, undoubtedly, not particular to •
'Made or two of doctrine; or, as we should rather say, the
general tendency of religon; feeling in the Union is to sub-
ordinate doctrine altogether to practical developments of
Christianity. Yet area the" Nothiogarians" may be stertled
at the proposed re cognition of so transparent au imposture as
that conducted at Nanvoo. The convention, however, pro-
ceeded very adroitly in their business. Not only did they
avoid any mention of the Wilmot proviso, and every
allusion to the disagreeable topic of slavery, but they
even suppressed any particular reference to the treed
of the state, premising, merely in general terms,
that "all men have a natural and inalienable right
to worship God according to the dictates of their
own consciences," and expressly ordaining that the
General Assembly of the new state "should make uo
law reepecting. an establisheneat of religion, or prohibiting
the free exercise thereof, or disturbing any peree n in his
religious sentiments, provided he does not disturb others."
But, beyond doubt, the moat interesting paint of the
question is that operation of popular credulity or superstition
which still serves to maintain this prodigious doctrine in
practical vitality. Joe Smith lived before the world for
years together in** full reality of convicted scoundrelism.
rhere was not an atom of mystery or doubt about his
whole character, nor did he even cotdescend to the
common austerities or hypocrisies of a religious impostor.
He drank, swore, and swindled ; drove about with a lum-
bering waggon in a broad-brimmed hat, crocking his whip,
like a courier, and could scarcely stutter an intelligible eli-
dew to extort the dollars of his followers. Yet year alter
year the emigration still sets towards these fanatical sectaries
from the pert of Liverpool, and, what is even more extraor-
dinary, is found to waist, for the most put, of a better-
ment sort of people—small farmers, tradesmen, and well-to-
do labohers, with a respectable portion of capital amongst
them. Whet can be the explanation of this?

BEWAOB MANUAL—The new sewage works at
Cardiff gaol, erected according to the plans of Mr. Moffat,
and working on the principle -invented and patented by Mr.
W. Biggs, of Westminster, have now commenced operations
under that gentleman's directions. A seat and very con-
venient trathling hes been erected, r which thus operations
are carried ore. The apparatus consists of a receiving tank
under the door, of a writ, sufficient to contain two days'
drainage (thus providing for the Bandar's drainage), two
east-iron operating or precipitating tanks, holding oath nacre
than 180 cubic feet, one lire task, for the precipitant .1k
of lime, and owe mixing teak, from which the aware is dis-
tributed right or left law the precipitating tanks All there
vessels, with the exception of the bate tank, are eh eel,
covered, en that no tfanTill CM pass WO Of contandare the
apartment in which the operations are carried on. and the
displayed foul air is curried %broach tubes to the upper room,
where they terminate in what the immure terms& order-
big apparatus. This corre of a box fitted up with three
drawiri, lined with glass, and charged either with muriatie
rid or chlorine, as the case may require, in pawing over
which a convoluted passage for the vapour is secured, and
thou all ammoniseal products (if there should be any) are
neutralised and detained, and the purified air allowed so
escape into the chimney. The upper room is likewise
adapted to the purpose of • drying chamber; hot air being
supplied by a peculiar apparatus, so that matter of the most
fertilising description, being by be abovenamed prune se-
parated from water, eats be thus solidified, formed into sakes,
completely desolated, and rendered fit to be transmitted, at
I an easy rate of carriage, to wherever a demand for it may
r exist. Theis works, from the interesting nature of the pro-
, cones, there carried on, demand the considerwion of ferry
; sanitary board, u well r of the agricultural economist de.
i thous rat raise the meet of ear motional reinsure—Moos.
adr44aAw• herdei.

A DUDLEY WIDDING.-0170 day last week an
eldeily couple visited Dadley intending to buy a clock ; after
making this purchase they strolled up the town in the direc-
tion of the upper shush ; on arriving in slabs of the sacred
edifies the old Man suddenly exclaimed, " Bet, was the third
axing yesterday ?" To which Bet replied, " Why, aye, mos."
Upon this asseutormerst the candidate for matrimony replied,
" Well, Bet, we man u well goo in and get the job over at
must, and save time kike." M the lady a, used to acquiesce
ia the practical view of the case, the parties immediately pro.
goaded to busker. Bet, looking round, claimed • persoual
sequistance with several women who were lounging about,
watching,wisk Oolong eye., the swivel of sundry matrienaulal
speculators; by some of these women she was attended, e a
sort of body-guard, into the vestry, while the " old 'on" (as
she endearingly termed the bridegroom in perspective) en-
tered the church, and walking up to the minister, ejaculated,
" Wall, ear, of bin cum to be married, if you plain)." " Oh,
indeed," said the minister, " and pray where is the
WOlll4ll ?" " The women, suet Whoy, that's Bet—her's
baled the vestry door, cur, being dressed. fluid peeped en,
ear, and its all right, fike's safe." On sending into the
vestry to ascertain the truth of this statement, Bet emu
dissoured in the hands of her bcdrgnard, one et whom
was busily engaged washing her tate, another sat with
shiedon her kale crimping the borders. when •
lent her a scarf, and waa tastefully arranging its
folds upon her shoulders; having completed these risen-
tisk, " bobbed up her hair," sad made her " toidy kik.,"
she was led forth triumphantly into the church, on entering
which she greeted tie "old an" with a very affectionate**
and exclaimed, "Well, here I comes." The minister, after
surveying them for some time, tuned to the clerk, and made
inquiry if they had been properly asked in church to which
the " old an " took upon himself to reply, " Whey, tee,
axing be over yesterday, and I axed Bet mare ire a month
'coo. It be all right, stir." The pair were then legally
united, and, after this " interesting ceremony " was ended,
the minister inquired if the woman could write, to which
she made answer, " Noo, schools wara't so pops one when of
war young ; Wither and mother couldn't afford to send me
to learn. But I 'epees the old on don't Mu." They then
left the church attended by the body-guard and an 'lathe-
siutie eked, of aduiren.—Bieminghmes Mercury.
Are UNFORTUNATE CHILD.—An inquest was held
it Bristol, on the Bth instant., by J. B. Orindon, Esq., on
the body of Jobs Walley, aged ten years, who was severely
burnt by his clothes taking Ire on the 13th October last,
sines which period he had been in the General Hospital,
where he died from the injury he had received. Verdied,
" Accidental death." The stepmother of the Mosses& in
giving her evidence to the jury, said he had been very an-
animate :—first, he was nearly drowned, and rerouted
with difficulty ; then he was melded, and was in the hoop'.
tal 17 weeks ; them he was rode over by a horse sad
much injured; then, a fortaight before he was burnt, he
was drartged some distant* by an ass, sad seriously
teased, sad attar *like was bitten by an ass,

TEE MILANCBOLT OCCURZINCE AT PLUMB
In the seams of the past week sod daring that pn outing it,
the ialubitaata of the withal PevenhAll, and the family of
Mr. Baker, a retired farmer, were much alarmed at the sud-
den abuses of Mr. Robert Baker, junior, who oa the 3rd
instant left his home, and notwithstanding that every !e-
-quity was instituted, he was not sees or heard of until oho
Bth inst. Mr. Baker was an only son, to whom his father
had given up his farm, presenting him with the stock and
mops thereon only the day before he was missing. App.-
featly in his usual health and spirits, he left his home as
Tumidity malting week at half-put 10 o'clock, at the time
requesting that his housekeeper would have dinner ready at
one o'clock, stating it to be his intention to return at that
hour. Belau leaving, he appeared very anxious to kaow
the amount of wages required by his housekeeper and
although she at first declined talking upon the subject she
win ultimately compelled to impart the information sought
for, whoa he paid her what was then Mae. The muter not
coming home to dinner as proposed, and not having been
seen or beard of by ant cue, search wee made for him in the
course of the evening. but without avail. Day after day
pared away, but Mr. Baker did not Taunt, neither did his
Mends hear ef him until last Wedassilay, when his body
was discovered floating in a pond not far distant from his
residence by his brother in-law, who was accidentally passing
that way. Life, it is uniecessary to as , was found to be
extinct. The body was conveyed to the , and, on
examination, presented no marks of violence, that leaving
conjecture to point oat in what manner the unfortunate
young man, who was only 33 years ef age, came to his un-
timely end. It was alleged that the deemed' s pecuniary
affairs were is an extremely good condition ; indeed, they
Gould not have been otherwise, as he had been started in the
world by a kind father, under circumstances col an extremely
fmourable character, for, independently of the stock and
mops upon the farm which had been gives him only the day
before his death, more than 701. in cub was found in the
boue. He kilt home, out we have before stated, as half peat
10 in the morning. and in all probability, from the fain of
the hands of his watch pointing to five minutes past eleven,
when the body was found, not many minute. elapsed before
be had seeped to live. An inquest was held on view of the
body, en Thursday last, before H. Guy, BK., deputy coroner
fu the Libertke of the Dully of Norfolk; and alter hear*,
the evidence adduced, the jury return. d the following um.
diet: " That the deceased was found drowned, bat bow err
by what means tht deceased came into the water, thave weer
no evidence to show." Since the 'older of tut fed
has been asoertained that the damaged had made
to a yens/ lady, whisk were not very favourably rafted.—
Ilineinft Bret"

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY BTEpTING, NOVEMBER 16, 1849.

:11t Court.

•
WINDSOR, NOT. lb'.
The Queen and hie Royal Highncsa Prince Albert
walked this morning in the Sit pea end Windsor Park.
The wwal family•ook their usual airings.
The Q seen and Prince Albert and the ladies and gentle-
men of the royal household attended divine serried, in St,
(holies Cbacel this morning. The prayers were mad by
the Hon. midair. H. Cast aad the gee. Mr, Neville. The
sermon wee poached the Hon. and Nev. Edward Moore,
canon in reaMence. • •
Divine service was performed at the private chapel in
Windsor Castle in the morning and afternoon by the Hon.
and RSV. G. Wellesley.
Her Hip' Highness the Duchess of Kent attended divine
service at the palish church, Windsor, this m
The Chevalier Bunsen (Prussian Minister) is expected to
arrive at Windsor Castle this day, and will have the horour
of joining the royal party at dinner in the evening.
The lion. and Rev. Edward and Mrs. Moore will also have
the honour of ',dulcet the royal dinner party.
Messrs. racks had the honour of submitting to her Ma-
jesty and his Novel Highness Prints Albert on Wednesday
• highly interesting historical relicibeiog tie marriage horn of
Francis the Dauphin of Francs and Mary Queen of Scotland,
with the date 1569.

THE QUEEN DOWAGER.
The following boiletin of her Majesty's health was
issutd yesterday:
The Priory, Thursday, Nov. 15.
" The Qaeen Dowager has passed a comfortable night,
and her Majesty is considerably refreshed ibis mor
M.D.
" DAVID DAVIRA,
" RICHARD BD.IOHT. M D."

Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert
and the youthful members of the royal family nave postponed
their intended departure of the Court from Winesor Castle
to Osborne until the close of next week
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston have been
staying at Broadlands, Hants, since Saturday last, but are
expected to return to town in a few days, when the majority
of the metub2rs of the cabinet will meet in L,ndon.
The Marquis of Clanricarde is staying on a visit to
Viscount ants Viscountess Sydney, at Frognall Ledge, near
Footmen. The Marchiesees with the Ladies de Burgh are
expected in town early in the ensuing week from the Mar-
quis of Bristol's marine residence at Brighton, on her way to
Welbeek Abbey to visit the Duke of Portland.
The Earl and Countess of Clanwilliam and family
are passing the autumn at Deal Castle, Kent. The Noble
Bul has recently been appointed by the Lord Warden of
ate Cinque Ports (the Duke of Wellington) Captain of De►l
Castle, in the room of the Marquis of Dalhousie, the Clover
nor•Oenersl of India.

THE Vicroala REGIA.—On Wednesday, Mr. Pax-
ton, the eminent horticulturist, had the honour of presenting
to the Queen and Priam Alrert, at Winter, a leaf of the
gigantic waterlily, from the Bethke river, named after her
Bdaje.ty Victoria Begin." The plant has been reared and
fhwered by Mt. Paxton, at Chatsworth, in the short space of
three months.