The Express.
London, England, 1856-08-06 00:00:00

THR EXPRESS, WEI►NESDAY KVENIAG. AUGITer 6. 1856.

SPAIN.

The Madrid Jeannie of the 81. t ult. contain
nothing of interest, all their important conteets
having en anticipated by the letter of that date
which reached us yesterday by express. The jour-
nals of the let have also inched us by express.
Royal decrees in the Gawk remove Doti lee Mar-
chese' from the governunhip of Navarre, appoint
Don J..e Patton to the same poet, and scoept the
resignation of the govtroots of the provinces or
Alicante, Almeria, Logroim, and &dein. The
Gazette sonouncis in these terms the argodations
entered into with the insurgents of Sara-
gross :—" The rebel Inns of &regains has made pro.
positions of submiseioo, and negotiations were carried
on daring the whole of the 31.1." The Gazette
the. publiehes a despatch annonacing the entrance
of General Dula into !Magness. ()turret Orme&
second cemmander in Granada, had been robbed and
id-treated by a band of highwaymen on his road to
Andalusia; and the Doke de Vadahersicas had also
been rubbed as the highway on hie road to France.
The Epoca says that Green' Genes, after vainly
trying to induce the population, of Hato and Logrono
to rise, had guns to Alxile, a wateriorplace.
cording to the same journal the band of fourteen in-
surgeon who SA to the mosataine of Siziosy bad,
lading that no one tined them, made their embeds
aioo, sod the band of General Kays, which had takes
to the mountains of C.talosia, had oisappeared. The
Ayes eq.:

TM foal speedos is cm of the grareet of the tamest
Po• sAtis tin. past the useleipality of Madrid, is order to
prevail the nee of halt s reel is the pries of Woad. Ms
p11:11 se• 17 day from MA) to 80.000 rails boa the semi.
siml to ; het it moms costume this smiles obials
I ogor. Is some mom of •Isi provisos of Madrid, the
ditlieeltin ars graves than A th. eepi.aL At Viealware
to-day 'hese was so Woad at all, m *Um Madrid authesiboa
mom tom quaintly oblisod ton id the searetasy of the situ
9 t, TOW to OM Oleo so asks bl7lllllolllttte for efOftliflai
• supply.

Theaoldisre who had completed their period of
service were shoot w be ddioitively dtecherged.
The Gloom bed approved of the programme of the
careatooial to be observed oo the marriage of the
Infants Doss Amelia with PllllO9 Adalbert of
Bavaria.

Alter the late issurreetion at Madrid, military
tnbanals were easirokid to try the individuals taken
with arms is thew hand*. The accusation quiet
them is that of ribillium and armed attack against
the comatilited authorities. The ward revoration is
' mot muitiosed in the promediogs. A letter from
Madrid states that Marshal O'Donnell has nut •
circular to the aptaias•geurral sad military emu-
mandauts, ordering them to tramemit to him, before
the 16 h lost. a detailed report of the political situ•
alto. of the provisos, under their orsinsead. Each
report is also to contain propositivo, is favour or
each alone and soldiers as have dieliagirehed them-
selves " is dines of order sod of the misimitatitmal
throes."

mayor, announcing that Marshal Pelimier, full of
gratitude for the mention given him by the chief
town of the Douche* ds Rhone, would willingly have
paned another day there, but that a telegraphic
despatch from th- Emperor ordered him to proceed
immediately to Plena, Arta In consequence the
Marshal left Ibis morning at nine o'cloik by an
express train for Lyons.
It is t►ought that the railway from Bordeaux to
Toulouse wi 1 be opened to the public on the 16th.

We learn from the Noniteur that the trial of the
raping•maehines, aeon at the Agricultural Exhibi-
Poe of Pans, case oft on Saturday last, at La
Planning*, near When, component Neuilly (Seine),
ins field belooging to the Cunt de Beranger.
Toe exhibitors were Messrs. William Dray
(Englend); Bells, Laurent, Mailer, and Simon
(France) ; and Roberts (Baited States). The
nachion of Meson. Bella, Dray, and Laurent
were the oat; ones that performed their task.
The jury unanimously gave the following decision :
Nu first prize; two mond pi:toot 1004 and a sane
medal, one to M. Bala and mower to M. Laurent,
ex quo; third prise, 3004 and a bronze medal to
Mr. William Dray ; no fourth prize. The three
eiscluome rewarded execute perfectly the mowing of
crops not lodged; but the jury invite the attention
of makers to the eternity of paying anion attention
to the question of tkpotetiog the sheaves; this at
present is not effected in a satisfactory manner.

- The =chins of MM. Beds mut I; Arent are con-
structed according to the ajetem of the AlllffiCall
tikeormack ; that of Mr. Dray is an improvement on
the living machine.

ITALY.

THE TWO SICILIEB.

NAPLIII, hat 31.
That Naples is in a state of crisis even the most
indifferent moat perceive. The proclamations of
Mania, of Ugo, and of Manus* are read in all
directions, and weenie. hers written by Neapolitans,
and printed to the number of many thousands, are
seen in the Gaffe, in the streets, are thrown into
eavriages, end the toes of their language is ealm, but
severe. Meantime the ling at a distance from the
capital apparently waits the course of events, and
resuming a species of i digestion standars every.
thing. Orme only, on the 17th of July, hie Majesty
appeared much moved by the notice which was
brought to is of tne distribution of theproelamatioes
with so mush beldame throughout the city. A emu-
eil was summoned et Ischia, end together with it the
prefect et pliee. It was supposed that matters of
Importune would be brought ender damasks, but
hie Majesty having made a WMre address to the
prefect, left him in great anger and almost with
threats, Some expectation, t herefore, has been enter-
tained of a change in the pollee, bat op to the present
moment nothing of the kind he; taken place.
Another event occurred, too, eh fiatoidey, which
seemed to indicate that smoegst the inferior authori-
ties of that respectable body changes might be ex-
pected. Canipages, whom the Log delighteth to
honour, had reputed "e candid and spontaneous
demoostratios," which of coarse had stirred
op the feelings of the inhabitant, of another
quarter of the city. Accordingly a body
of the liberals, armed at ad pilots, had
combined together to oppose them, and is
all probability mach dieterbeace and bloodshed
would hate been the mosequeace of their meeting.
Bienciani, the director of puttee, however, hearing of
the enmities, interfered to prevent it; and Ulm
isles, say soma, was put under arrest in the Plaice
tate. There reiticnbted.y was considerable tear of a
movement.** the Governor 0 Nettles as early as
belt pest seven o'clock in the morning was on horse-
back in our streets. That alarm has, however,
passed by.
Oilier subjects have prevented my alludieg to
•he royalist circular, which I here send you for in-
sertion. It is not in answer, but to counteract the
.acts of the liberal proclamation, which conciliated
ell parties by the very mildness of its toot, and
which awakened cossidemble alarm, therefore, on
the part of the government. Of its animas 11. eve
yen to j edge, as Mao of its abase of the liberals, and of
the jerks of the motives imputed to them. For
the present the onset is confined to proclamations
end placards; let us hope that timely intervention
.re timely reforms will prevent any more violent
V& IN
In yeer leading article of 16th Joly you do no
more than jambe to Sir William Temple, as I can
confirm from personal kXPOri•VOIL No one, I believe,
was better seqeeisted with the internist' of this go-
vernmeat, sad es one Gould express himself more
decidedly mid barley than he did on every occasion
that presented itself. Nor did he confine Limiest, to
the yam expression of opinion, as by ell legitimate
means us eadeaesared to soften the rigours of the
system adopted here, and to rescue the victims of it.
I regret to say that ha Ere Ileney was eon pel led by the
state of his health, which bee been long declining, to
leave this country finally toe Eoglaod last Monday
Sir William Temple takes with Mtn the gratituos
mid respect of a nation with whose malamutes he
has sympathised; the regrets of a large number of
dt:te, whose wants be relieved with so touch ewe cy
that be liberality was little known ; and the edam
sod regard cf those residents who had the honour of
his acquaintance—sentiments which were merited
by his =form urbanity and kindness.

Ito frighten the House of Commons. The govern-
ment here had been aware of the attemptsof Ans
' trian emissaries to organise an apparent attack from
the Piedmontese frontier' and they exerted themselves
so energetically that the Austrians had no excess for
moving, although they had made preparations fur
passing the river at four different points; coat present
the quentities of ammunition and military stores now
on their war from Vienna will not yet be brought
into use. That a general outbreak or ineurrectien is
impending in Italy no one doubts. It this really
be 'he cue, I to k upon the Massa and Carrara
laffeir as fortunate tor the independence of Italy, for
the different peoples are not yet organised,and it is to
be hoped this mishap may mike them more prudent,
and that they will not holed by Meant i to make par.
tial outbreaks. I know that some emigres have left
this for different parts of Italy, to jinn at the proper
time numerous and well-organised bands, but the
Massa affair has, I suppose, made them prudent,
and they will reserve themselves for another oppor.
tunity. By every amount, the people all over ilidy
areevery day gathering courage. The municipality
of Bologna have n ads a most energetic appeal
to their rulers to relieve them of Austrian troops,
and it is said their petition has been glinted, but
that the King of Naples is about to send six batta-
lions of his Swim to replace *the Austrians. This
may turn out to be a tortunate move for the friend.
ot independence, as even the people in Naples are
beginning to sp-ak wit and traterciee with the
native troops, the people being actuated oy the hatred
of the King, and the troops by jealou-y and hatred
of the Swiss, who before long may have a chance of
undergoing the same process as their eouitrymen
did in former timer. at Paris. Here in Turin the
young fellows who march with the military bends
daily increase in number.
I told you in a former letter what general
satisfaction was caused by the government decree
foe the fortifications of Atesmodris, except to
the party of the clergy. Their opposition, how-
seer, has been attended with unexpected good re-
sults, se a Dittoes' subscription has already begun
(pennies accepted), for the purpose of presenting 100
cannon for arming Alessandria. The idea is good, and

I swum that the; is every prospect of ationes;, for
all the clerical pipers are in a tory. The chief
church paper is La menial, of which the leading
articles are written by the Marquis of —. This
piper is conducted with greet ability. While the
church and abeolutii.es were in the ascendant in Bar
dle's, the marquis pottered himself a sceptic and at
the same time u alth-liberal, but when the cloven
foot of the church appeared to the public, and liberal
opinions became the order of the day, the molting
changed sides. His writings, however, have hart
the church most deeply. He has a splendid fore-
head, and cleverness is expressed in every feature,
but be his a temper that reminds me of the exclama-
tion of a fond 13..sotch mother when told that 'l'ippoo
Sub had caused the officers who were hls prieouers
to be chained together in pairs—'The Lord pity
the pair man that's chained to oar Davie.* What
quantities of unsold artillery must now be on the
hands of our cannon founders, owing to the sadden
peace. Cannot they joie in this Piedmontese cannon
subscription, and mike presents to these ga last men
threatened by despotic Austria ? These gentian for
defence not attack. They can easily be sent to
Genoa, and be in Amesendria in tone hours by railway.
Many have in England subeeiibed fur the sufferers
by the inundations of the rivers in France ; let them
subscribe cannon to prevent the inundation of the
Austrians into Piedmont.

But while the Piedmonteso are subscribing for
canna, and while they all see the danger of
bavieg such an immense force of Austrians on
their frootier, it must not be supposed they are
negketfel of the arts of peace. From the unsettled
state of politiesl matters in Italy, of coarse they are
fearful of risking much capital or of laying out
money in en4rging their industrial establiehmenis;
still here are many each in Piedmont well worthy
of being visited. An opportunity has lately been
offend to me to see two factories; one, very ex-
tensive, for the manufacture or ,pinning of the very
best and fineat silk thread, and the other • large cloth
manufactory, both situated bear to the email town of
Cassell., about six miles from Turin, towards the
Alps, and on the WIC side of the railway from Turin
to Vercelli. To travel with any comfort at this season
one must start very early. The road to Cassell..
poses through a country rich with clover fields and
maize (Indian corn). Many farm steady p of geo-
demon tamers may be seen close to the River Dora.
on the left of the road. The fields of maize were
splendid, but exceeded by the nob clover fields; both
under the best system ot irrigation. Iu one grassy
stubblefl-Id I saw about 40 doe mulch cows. which
graze during the night sad nut) morniog,and are then
stall fed with the richest clover hay during the beat
of the day. The meadows are irrigated towards sun-
set. They haves very bright green colour. Attempts
have been made to introduce the best English grass
weds, but they have not been attended with «cores,
the reason being that the English grasses will only
succeed in a humid climate. The water is thrown
upon the roots of the maize early in the morning. to
to p spare it for stidiuiog the great hest* of the day.
The badge across the river is a One structure, and
on peening it you have to the right the river, winding
through a beatitilul country, towards the bottom of
the fartamed Loping. Hill, surmounted by its beau i-
ful church; while to year left you have the river
coming tumbling down trom the Alp., some six mile.
distance. No wonder the Austrian. are anxious to
be masters of Italy.
After passing through this interesting tract we
entered the small town of Caaselle, with about 3,000
inhabitants, of whom mute than four-firths ere
employed in the surrounding factories, and stilt
the air is clear and no smoke to be sato. Th
silk thread manufactory ot Messrs. Detainee and
Luciano, I. about a mile from the village. I believe
it to be one of the must extensive in Piedmont. It
gives out daily about 130 to 200 lbs. of the very best
quality of fine silk thread, and upon au average of
from 40,000 to 30,000 lbs. per «mum. M. Luciano
is a most liberal and intelligent gentleman. He bar
been in almost every factory of Greet Britain, and it
is clear he has had his eyes always open. The most
of the machinery iti his milt has been planned by
himself, and made under his inspection. He had
about 400 people at work. Of these I .how'd say 40
were mothers. 100 girls from 18 to 12, and the re
insioder little boys end girls trom 11 down to 7.
Having formerly teken•grest Interest tuLerd Ashley's
statistics ot the female sod children of the manufac-
turing districts, in Mr. Chadwick's sanitary condition
of the people, and in the controversy regarding
Mr. Meteor's fencing factory system, my first
remark was that the women, got', and children
were clean, tom actable, and healthy, and that
although there was no achG in the factory, more thee
four-fifths could read and write, according to age. All,
old and young, go to work at • quarter-past tour io
floe morning, and cease at right o'clock at night, the
time allotted for eating bring 11 hour. I tarred the
bread, which wee of good but coal be wheat. Their
soap, for those woo chows to have it, was made of
Indian corn, with a slight sprinkling of vegetabtee.
f bay never taste animal toed except when ill, end
then they make soup from it, and this soup is
coosidered their beet medicine. They drink nu milk,
only pure water. In winter they have little or no
picket«, sod at present the average is nut two per
cent, sick upon the 400. The windows are kept
wide open, and the air the women and children
breathed was that of the Alpe, which you see
about three miles &recce, and close tied« the
windows flows a clear rapid stream, and the
air is perfumed from the shrubs in the garden,
—a great contrast to a Manchester mill. In all
the three stories of this factory, the wheels, when I
e.w •hetn, went in rapid movcineet, the te Ite stretch-
log in r‘ri•ry direcioD, Soria of the machinery was
feuded, and though Ms place was crowd d with
cbildr-n, no accidents had occurred. Mr. Hornet's
trade was here found owlet«. 1 leave it to the
three public men I have named above, to account
for this difference in British and I Auto factories.
The workwouma of M. Denies and M. Luciano were
clean; no dust, no smell of oil, or ',team. all the ma-
chinoy being moved by water p war. Close to the
i wall, in the centre of the work., is a large
pillar of iron, moving round 'wilily and snioothiy,
which drives all the machinery. To the lower
end of this iron pillar is •ffized a cog wheel,
which was shown to us, btu it is Coveted up
for eafety's sake. Into this cog wheel fells the rush
of water which sets it woe iog. Lest this one
wheel should go wrong there is one in reserve.

The machinery is different from any I have seen
elsewhere, but I am too imi.oraut to explain it.
there are eb tat *ix men, lookers-00, who Kato 3f. per
day, the women is., end the chi.Creo 6d. per day.
M. Luciano thinks the time of work too long for the
psop to, and by uo means for his uwu betufl.; but the
people prefer it, they are strung and cuotented, and he,
of course, is pleseed to let tt well alone." It there
was cot water power in Piedmont no factories could
be establushed The average price ot coal, delivered
at Genoa, is 21. 10a. per tun ; but while the vessels
were so much employed in the traneport service maw
rose t. 41. 4a. per too. Ao immense extent ot Ono.
try at the bottom of the Alps a adapted tor factories
with water power.

Walking up along the stream which drove the
silk mill, we came to the great cloth manu-
factory of Anneciy and Pubt. Tne wool in
general use here is German and Australian, and
I thought much of the cloth rrpeii it not superior
to the best English or Sedan. The very thickest
peletot cloth was eon, supple, and pliable. 'the whole
proems from the wool in the bales till the cloth is
ready for the market is to be seen here. I saw large
quantities ot yelli.w striped cloqi, sod it was ex.
;deified to me that their beautiful green colour is
dyed upon this yellow. The work of the men is very
severe; the mules are much too heavy to be pushed
forward and pulled beck by one man; but this is
trifling compared to the work at the weaving looms.
They are very heavy and moat difficult to move, and
the men are obliged, each time they move them,
to spring up and give a push. Tne.e men begin
work at 4 in the morning, and, with an hour
and a bait for eating, do nut leave till 8 at
night. The proprietor told me he has attempted
to change the hours, but in vain. These loom men,
when they come at 4 in the morning, are so stiff and
tired for nearly two hours, they can scarcely do any
work. Towards 7, whin they get warm, they become
more supple; but until midday they are not in Poll
work. They are paid 3 (tribes per day, feed upon
bread and water, and never taste animal food or wine;
and still out ot the 400 men, the proprietor was astir
sidled to fled his sick never amourved to 3 per cent.,
although he said it was cruel killing work. Their
beds are ot Indian Corn straw, bat their houses are
very airy. Any one accustomed to a bivouac un dry
ground and in mild weather is aware that three
hours' sleep there is more refreshing than six hours
in the best bed in the most splendid room.
I have stated facts regarding theta, I alien factories
es they fell under my own observation. Let Lord
Shaftesbury account for the heal h ot three women
and children ' Mr. Honer explaio why, with un-
fenced machinery, there are co accidents; and
it is not impossible that Mr. Chadwick may be able
to show by watistica that sickness would diminish,
and probably mortality may erase, it he only could
induce people to believe that nothing is necessary
for their support her firth air and water.

(IT 111110 TRIO T
(mom otla 11•11/10110

//MINT )

PB'IERSBURG, AUGUST i.

Muriel, ff bee voluntariiy resigurd the po.t of Gov-
srnor-(kneral sod Commander-in-Chief of the
Csuetoutt, and has been appointed to a neat in the
Connell of State. He is to be succeeded by
Lieutenant-Gecsral Pt ince Bariatinsky.

A letter from Stockholm, in the Bdristahalle of
Hamburg, :—" Acco►ding to letters from. Fin-
land, Rusin in adopting different measures which
would teem to imply an intention of forming a lugs
fortiflid naval egablishment in the Wand of Lasko,
to the northward of Christinestad and &iodinell.
Thin island will be a very desirable plsoe for such a
purpose, aa the water there is very deep, and the
navigation of the port is open mach longer than the
others of the Golf of Bothnia."

A letter from Odessa, in the Austrian Gazette,
safe:—" A detachment of naval officers of Nicolattff
was summoned to St. Petersburg a few days ago by
telegraph. Tnese officer. are destined to take six

war:etsainere from Cronstadt to the Bleck Bea, as,
with the exception or the vessels in coarse of con-
struction at Nioolaitff, we have scarcely a cruiser is
the Black Sea."