The Express.
London, England, 1847-12-16 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 16, 1847.

Mr, PATTISON said he had no wish to serve on the
committee.
The house divided—For Sir W. Clay
For Mr. Pattison
Sir W. Clay's name was then inserted.
Kr. ANSTEY moved that the name of Mr. Thernely
be omitted, iatimatieg that on a futon day he should move
the substitution of the name of Mr. Hamilton.
The gallery was cleared fer a division but none took
plaos, and Mr. Thorriely's name wee inserted, as were also
the remaining names on the list, those of Messrs. J. Wilson,
Home Drummond and 'Lament.
BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE. .

Mr. EROTHERTON moved, " That when any new busi-
ness is brought on after twelve o'clock at night, if it be
moved and seconded, ' that the debate on such question be
adjourned,' Mr. Speaker shall immediately declare the
debate adjourned, without putting the question to the vote."
He considered that the practice of sitting so late into the
night war most prejudicial to the health of members them-
selves, and decidedly injurious to the transaction of public
business. The good effect of the early sitting of the house
on Wednesdays afforded a strong test of the beat& which
would accrue from adopting early sittings altogether; but,
at all events, he was most anxious that no new business
should be brought on after midnight.
Dr. BOWRING seconded the motion.
Mr. SWART had intended to move " That this house do
meet every day at twelve o'clock, and adjourn at six, as on
Wednesdays, and that the business of committees be coin.
menced at a proporionately earlier hour of the day," being
convinced that the work of the public would be far more
efficiently done if their representative, were to proceed to
it with the clear heads and nafatigued bodies of mid day;
but he would waive his amendment, and give his warm
support to the motion of his hon. friend.
Sir ft. GREY objected to the motion, as involving a
chan,ge not merely inconvenient but impracticable. The
practice of the Chamber of Deputies presented no analogy by
which the House of Commons could regulate its sittings.
Sir H. WILLOUGHBY suggested, that if the house
were anxious to save their time there should be a standing
order that no member should speak more than half an hour,
or make more than fifty quotations in such half hour from
blue or other books. (A laugh.)
Mr. BROTHEBTON, in reply, observed that heretofore
he had been able to de something in the way of checking
discussion after midnight, but that latterly he had never
been able to catch the Speaker's eye when he rose for such a
PurPosvk
The house divided—For the motion
Against it 57-24
The house adjourned at five minutes to six.

the Quakers, and their scruples were relieved by
special enactment.
It sometimes happens that when an angler cannot
obtain a rise at his fly, he has the luck to entangle
his hook in the side or the gills of a flab, which is
then technically mid to be "hooked foul." This is
exactly the case of the abjuration oath. There are
no longer any Jasobites to catch between the bar and
the Speaker's table : but the Jews, whose taste the
original fisherman never thought of in dressing the
hook, come casually by, and are hooked foaL This
poaching sport is no proof of skill in the maker of the
fly, or of love for Christianity in the fram?rs of poli-
tical teats. If the declaration bad been clenched by
such a form as " on the honour of a gentleman," it
would have been open to every man, Jew
or Christian, to adopt it if he chose. If a
member obstinately declared that he was not a gen-
tleman, and must therefore decline the test, can there
be a doubt that parliament would have substituted a
formula better adapted to the special nee? The
relief afforded to the Quakers is a precedent in point.
Even the Jews themselves are provided for by the
act 10 (leo. 1., so far as the oath was then compulsory
on private persons ; and the recent act for admitting
them to municipal offices, dispenses with the ob-
noxious words as they occur in the Test and Corpora-
tion Repeal Act of 9 Geo. IV.
There is no intelligible sense in which the legisla-
ture, as a body, is Christian, although all or most of
its members may belong to some Christian sect. It
represents no particular confession ; and a number of
reciprocally hostile confessions cannot be represented
in common. Any practical question affecting reli-
gion which parliament can decide, must concern, not
the abstraction of Christianity in general, but the
rights or claims of some Christian sect or sects. The
church of England must submit to the interference of
hostile minorities of catholics and dissenters, and
every other sect for the present, to a majority which
professedly adheres to the church. There is no reli-
gious body which has not professed opponents in
parliament.
It is a great error, moreover, to suppose that the
religion of the members of the legislature determines
the religious character of the country. The constitu-
encies form the basis of the constitution ; and they '
already include Jews. The class from which mem-
bers of parliament are principally taken insures an
immense preponderance in the house of members
of the church of England ; but many of them
are returned by dissenting influence, and eager to
promote dissenting objects. If there were Jewish
constituencies, and if the Jews had special political
designs, they could effect their purpose. without
" unchristianising " the legislature. The existing bar
is in truth neither a political nor religious security,
but merely a personal disqualification. To protect
religion it might possibly be worth while to violate
the theory of religious equality ; but it can never be
desirable to continue an anomaly and injustice for the
sake of keeping up a nominal conformity of every
member of the house to some one or other of the
innumerable Christian sects.

Although the " unchrudianusing fallacy is in-
tended to attract all sects equally, we do not think it
likely that the dissenters, or those who are under
their influence will oppose the new enabling bill.
Brought forward as it is by the political party which
they support, and pledged as they are for the most
part to the abolition of religious distinctions in civil
matters, they will advocate the cause of the Jews all
the more willingly, because they will expect support
from them in their own favourite objects. The oppo-
sition will almost entirely consist of those who are
afraid of the admission of a new class of enemies to
the church, as well as of a supposed change in the
Cbriatian character of the legislature.
It is impossible to answer the ravings of the more
violent declaimers against the Jews. Those who wish
to see how far nonsense on the subject can be
carried, may consult the last number of Blackteoode
Magazine ; in which a writer whose style
is curiously compounded of the pulpit brawler
and the pamphleteer has indulged in a bel-
lowing recapitulation of all the fictions and
fallacies which can well be hung about the real
question. This valuable public instructor as-
serts that the Jews are disqualified from corporate
offices—which they are not—because corporate officers
are generally magistrates, which is not the case; and
that Jews cannot fitly be magistrates' because they
could not give due weight to the oaths of Christian
witnesses. This last assertion or argument may
' safely be left to the judgment of even the most modest
believers in all that appears in print. There are, we
hope, even among fools, few whose intellectual stature
is so low as to be represented by such a foolometer as
the writer to whose trash we refer.

To others we would urge that the principle of pro-
tecting the church by excluding from power those
who do not belong to it has been long renounced by
the legislature. The admission of the catholics into
parliament settled the question for ever. It is most
unwise to attempt to retain the shadow of a substance
which has long been taken away. No wise church-
man regrets the loss of the anomalous privileges of
which the church has been deprived ; but in their day,
however unjust, however ultimately unprofitable, they
were definite and tangible privileges. It is no privilege
to the sect which once had the exclusive right of
entering parliament, to maintain the exclusion of one
small body when all its more powerful rivals have
been placed on an equality with it. We are not
among those who think that the maintenance of any
church can be the primary duty of a state, so as to
supersede the fundamental considerations of political
justice and civil equality. Those who prefer any sub-
ordinate organisation, civil or religious, to the nation
are, so far, bad citizens. But in the question of ad-
mitting the Jews there is no necessity to treat of ab-
struse questions of precedence between religions and
political duties. It is quite certain that the Jews, as
Jews, are not agitators against any form of
Christianity. Baron liontscnti.b,we believe, professes,
in common with many dissenters, the anti-establish-
ment faith. Mr. 5AL05401.48, on the other hand, is a
benefactor of as endowed church school. Let the
inclinations of Jewish members be what they may
they must be returned by constituencies who are not
Jewish. The City of London, which has a greater
proportion of Jewish electors than any other elective
district, contains a vast majority of Gentile voters.
A Jewish member who does his worst can do no more
than is within the power of any member for the same
constituency, though he may not be a Jew.
We have endeavoured to anticipate some of the
arguments which may be put forward by the oppo-
nents of the Jewish claims. The more positive
reasons in favour of the measure of to-night need
scarcely be urged again. We have little doubt
that the House of Commons will adopt it. It will
probably not be presented to the House of Lords till
after the recess.

THE present state and recent events of Portugal
cut an indelible die upon the British name. No
Englishman can read these accounts without blushing
at once for his country, and for that party in his
country which holds power en the condition of sup-
porting liberal principles abroad and at home.
We need not recapitnlatethe events of Portugal. It
is well known that, ere we undertook to meddle with
that country, a successful insurrection, justly pro-
voked by the tyrannic, corrupt, and anti-constitu-
tional government of the CABRALS, had driven those
abhorred individuals—the SEJANI of a weak and

cruel court—from Lisbon. The insurgents were
masters of the second city of the kingdom, and were
only prevented from being equally masters of the
capital by the position of the British fleet, with its
cannon pointing up the streets and across the
squares of Lisbon.
In addition to this check, which produced the
retreat and defeat of en army of the insurgents,
we captured their fleet, and forced the liberals to
surrender, solemnly promising, both to the Portu-
game and the British nation, that the liberties of
Portugal should be respected, and that a free and fair
Cortee should be elected.
How has Queen DONNA MARIA kept this promise,
or how have we enforced it? After long delays,
and tedious preparations, the elections have
taken place, almost universally under the pres-
sure and with the direct intervention of the
soldiery. The bayonets intruded everywhere,
and the soldiers voted in platoons. The CABRALB have
again ascended to the seat of power. Marshal SAL-
DANIIA himself has bowed to them, and consents to
be their colleague and instrument. After a show of
resistance on the part of the KING-CONSORT, and un-
availing shrugs of the shoulders on the part of our
envoy, the very men, and that same coterie which
followed the councils and served the interests of
France, and which during the time of their
former pre-entinenoe insulted the envoys of Eng-

- -
land, as well as even the semblance of Portuguese
freedom, these same men coolly and triumphantly
take a new lease of despotic power, and stretch the
hand to NABvAFZ and CHRISTINA, and the other
French vicegerents of Spain, to establish a permanent
military rule over the entire peninsula.
We cannot conceive how Lord Pant/m.1.0N can
wash his hands of the vile, treacherous, and
despicable part which England has been degraded
to play in these politics of Portugal. In Spain
we may plead our inability, in Greece our good inten-
tions, whilst in Switzerland, as yet, we have success
to point to and be proud of ; but Portugal, the
weakest and the nearest country, the oldest ally, the
most easily managed, for us to have allowed the free-
dom and best interests of that country to have been
overthrown, and despotism established there, not
only against our interests but by our very instrumen-
tality:—this, we repeat, is a disgrace to England,
to its Foreign-office, and to its whig administration,
which no meanness of a ministerial organ can cover,
and no glozing of a parliamentary explanation can
conceal.

A JUDGE'S assize charge may be looked on as a
kind of lay sermon. His text is the state of the dis-
trict, which he is supposed to " improve" for the edi-
fication of the grand jury. Mr. Baron ALDERSON, is
charging these gentlemen at the Liverpool Winter
Assizes, had but a sorry text, and, we cannot but
think, preached a sorry sermon from it. Ho had to
encounter a calendar unusually rich in cases of vio-
lence. It contains the names of nine prisoners charged
with murder, twelve with stabbing not followed by
death, and nine with manslaughter. Besides this
amount of bloodshed to be dealt with, there was the
usual number of robberies and such minor offences.
On this hint spoke the learned baron. He hoped
that, out of the regular course of their duty, the grand
jury would think about so lamentable a state of
things. " Education," continued the learned judge,
" might do something, but it would not do much,
be-
cause he believed the prevalent cause of crime was
not the want of information, but the want of good
principles. He trusted, therefore, that the gentry
would not only educate their people, but give them
good prineiples,which would stand them in stead when
temptation came before them."
It is unfortunate, to say the least of it, that a
judge, from hie high place on the bench, should
give the countenance, which these words must give,
to the notion that education means the imparting of
information, rather than the formation of sound prin-
ciples through good habits. Such a use of words
shows how insufficient a conception of education and
its province exists even among cultivated men in Eng.-
land. Baron ALDERSON says education will not do
much, and then explains himself, by expressly con-
fining the term to the least important of the notions
involved in it. He seems to think he has a peculiar
and original conception of education, when he defines
it "the bringing up of people in the way they should
go." But who that has thought or written anything
of value on the subject in our time defines it other-
wise ? This is education. And it le a sorry sight to
see a man in the position of Baron ALDERSON re-
cognising any other vulgar and outworn definition, and
then employing it to depreciate "education" in the
minds ot a Lancashire grand jury. None ought
to know better than our judges that education,
even in the narrowest sense of the word, is hardly
ever found associated with crime in the gaol calendar.
It is impossible to detach a certain formation of good
habits from the acquisition of even that miserable
modicum of information that common schools impart.
And if Baron ALDERSON can tell us of any road to
the formation of good principles in the present state
of society, except by way of reading and writing, we
shall be much obliged to him. What is the influence
of religion, for example, on the untaught labourer ?
How appeal to reverence for GOD through an tin-
awakened conscience? How is the sun of responsi-
bility to be stirred into life in the being whom no
quickening of intelligence has ever helped to raise
above the pigs he feeds or the horses he drives ?
It is true great crimes may be made to breed remorse
through the agency of legal terrors, and abject fear may
be awakened by the preacher's pictures of hell and
judgment. But a sense of responsibility acting in the
common affairs and ordinary temptations of life can
not be produced (putting aside exceptional
cases), where the intelligence has not been
roused by such efforts as are implied, even in the
mastery of those master keys of knowledge, reading
and writing, if followed by any use of these instru-
ments The statistics of our prisons and assize courts
afford remarkable illustration of this truth. It is
true we must set against them the weighty dictum of
Sir PETER LAURIE, that clime increases with educa-
tion. And the City knight may now fortify his posi-
tion by the assertion of Baron ALDERSON, that edu-
cation cannot do much to diminish offences of violence.
It is with due deference to such authorities that we
venture to submit the following figures and results.
We are indebted for them to the November number
of the journal of the Statistical Society, and the
name of their compiler, Mr. G. A. PORTER, is the best
guarantee for their trustworthiness. Taking all the
counties of England and Wales, during a period of
eleven years, from the beginning of 1836 to the end of
1846,we find that, on the average, more than one half
of these counties fail to furnish any accusation against
persons instructed beyond reading and writing,
or, in other words, persons who hare used reading and
writing. The centesimal proportion of instructed
persons during that whole time being 0.41,
we have a yearly average of 106 such persons
out of an average annual aggregate of 25,412 accusa-
tions. Among the male population generally, while
one person in every 370 was on the average yearly
charged with an offence, and among the female one in
1,680, of persons educated beyond the mere rudi-
ments of reading and writing, there were no more
than one accused in 76,227 of the male, and 2,034,133
of the female population.
In the year 1845, 22 counties of England and
Wales, comprising a population of 11,183,718 persons,
furnished 45 convicts, who had received instruction
beyond reading and writing ; while the remaining 30
counties, containing 4,728,039 inhabitants, did not
furnish one single case where that amount of educa-
tion had been imparted. Further, of the 8,136,333
living that year in England and Wales, to only one
of those who were adjudged to have outraged the law
of his country had the page of knowledge been
opened. The same result is given by the returns of
1846. In 15 English counties, no educated person
was convicted in either of these two years. On these
and similar results, equally startling, Mr. PORTER re-
marks :

The small number of persons to whom the blessing of edu-
cation has been imparted, who are thus found to place them-
selves in positions to call down upon them any degree of
punishment under the laws of their country, is calculated to
inspire a doubt whether some considerable errors may not be
committed on the part of theee functionaries by whom the
returns are made. I am assured, however, that every pos-
sible care is taken to prevent such errors, that statements
are frequently, and whenever any doubts arise are; always
sent back to the prisons for verification, but that they are
never found erroneous, except in having sometimes included
with the persons better instructed some prisoners who read
and write well without having acquired any other branch of
knowledge. In most cases the returns in this respect are
examined by the chaplains of prisons, whose competency
for the task cannot be doubted. If, under these circum-
stances, we cannot rely upon the accuracy of the accounts, I
know not upon what testimony any fact should be received.
Before we can discredit these returns we must believe that a
great number of men of education and high character
throughout the country have entered into a conspiracy to-
gether to deceive the government and the public, and that
toe in a matter where they can have no interest in deceiving,
and in which they can hardly be themselves deceived. It
must be confessed that it would be difficult upon less reliable
testimony to believe, that in the county of .Middlesex, in-
cluding the metropolis with its two millions of inhabitants,
exposed to temptations of such various kinds, there should
have been in 1845 no more than three persons of education
convicted of any crime, and that it; 1846 there should have
been only one such person rendered amenable to the laws
of his country. It may indeed be said that only one such person
was actually punished in either of the two years, felt in 184,5
one of the three convicted was discharged from custody, the
judgment having been arrested, and another having been
found guilty of an assault was tined only one shilling:and dis-
charged. This fact is rendered still more extraordinary when
we consider that the proportion of well-educated persons is
probably muck greater in the metropolis than in any other
part of the kingdom. On referring to the only teet ens: ling
upon this subject, the return of the Registrar-General Of
Births, Deaths, and Marriages, stating the proportionate
number of persons who affix a arose instead of their ugh' stare
to marriage registers, we shall rose, that while in all England
the proportions so signing with mosses in each 100, are
32•4 males and 491 females, the proportions in the metropo-
lis are only 12.1 melee and 24'8 females.
It is certain that of our criminals • large proportion
are born, suckled, tutored, and reared in crime ; the
number of youthful offenders thus becoming an im•
portent element in criminal statistics. Now, during
the two years 1845-6, of all the educated criminals
, there was not one below the age of 15, although the
number of charges against boys under that age

amounts to 3,189. In an analysis of ret-7ree
Scotland, famished by the Advocate-General, the
results are analogous. Nor are we driven to coaabya
a Utopia, in order to find a population where
the
gaoler has been ousted by the schoolmaster per
own colonies furnish us with such a happy teem*
" In the province of Nova Scotia," says Mr Posta,
Ample provision is made for the education of every
person. For this purpose one-fifteenth pert of the W 7,
revenue is every year set apart, in aid of still lure -"`
contributions, and the result has long been most •
Owing to a want of faith in the efficacy of these sues
the repression ef crime the legislature of the proeft,
provided courts of justice and constructed gaols ie
county, and has authorised the appointment t.f mien ;74
here their task has ended, since it has not hitherto
hens
found necessary to appoint any such functionary- My maxi
Mr. M'Oregor, in his excellent work on British Amer*
written in 1833, thus incidentally speaks of the people d
Nova Scotia. "Itis a matter of doubt whether mom Fn.
ral end useful knowledge among all grades of the popuiat
can be discovered in any country Clan will be found to..
vail in this province. Many of those born sad educated
is u
have distinguished themselves, not only at home but in a
ferent parts of the world, and the natives generally pow,
ready power of apprehension, a remarkably distinct knee.
ledge of the general affairs of life, and the talent of adapter
themselves to the circumstances of such situations u
direction, or necessity may place them in." It app.:intl.,
these our highly-favoured fellow-subjec's ate placed, brti,'
training of their minds and characters, in a conclitiosp3
bring home to their practical conviction that proverb .busy
indeed meets with universal assent, but elsewhere is hues,
generally neglected in practice, that " Honesty is the Ng
policy." Full of resources which have been imparted to Liz
by ha instructors, the Nova Scotian is, as Mr. Ist.Gs..
tells us, enabled to adapt himself to circumstances; .1,
one honest course be closed against him can open for hi/my
another, looking beyond the present moment, and holdall.
the conviction that, even as regards his worldly and teepee!
interests, he has everything to lose by swerving fro
path of virtue. The man whose mind has not been opened
as, on the contrary, east down by the first disappoug.mt
that overtakes him ; under the pressure of his immeshes
wants he unhappily lees sight of the interests of the teen,
and too often yields himself, in the hopelessness of his hub,.
lity, to the first temptation that besets his path.

We do not wish to strain the above facts so
figures to cover too wide a conclusion. We are hot
Quixotic enough to anticipate that our gaols can eve
be effectually drained by any possible system st
schools, however excellent and numerous. We se
fully prepared to for all the deductions the
venous circumstances in our social state require us to
make from the force of these calculations. fao
uneducated man is generally the poor man, sad
distress may share with ignorance in tempting him to
crime. This is the great argument of those who
under-estimate the deterring force of education. Be
it is not often that offences against the laws are
actually prompted by misery. Drunkenness is Me
monster source of them. incontinence, unbridled
desires, vanity, impatience of restraint, are also potent
influences, acting in the came evil direction. And
these are precisely the habits and vices, at the mot of
which education, if it deserve the name, should
directly and effectually strike.
We trust that when next Mr. Baron ALDERSON
takes " education " as a theme for comment, he will
not admit the miserable definition which limits it to
" the giving of information," unless indeed he show at
the same time how, even in this process, the seed of
good habits must, pro tanto, be sown, which it should
be the first aim of the schoolmaster to educe into fruit-
ful and perennial activity.

The result of the prosecution of the Naliond was
the general subject of discussion and comment in
Paris on Tuesday. That journal was prosecuted on
three charges, on two of which it was acquitted, but
found guilty on the third. The subject of this last
was the reform banquet held at Orleans, and the
offence charged was a libel against the person of the
King. The sentence of the court was a fine of 6,000
francs and eight months' imprisonment.
It is announced that the Lyons and Avignon Rail-
way will be opened for traffic in the first week of
January.
The case of Count Mortier before the Cour de k
Premiere Instance was brought to a conclusion on
Monday. The court announced that it would give its
decision on NVedaesday.
The Prince of Syracuse, brother of the King of
Naples, arrived in Paris on Monday. It was supposed
that hie retirement from the Neapolitan dominions
was produced by political causes.
It is announced that the Count de Sartiges is ap-
pointed minister plenipotentiary and ambassador ex-
traordinary from France to the court of Persia.
M. Sauzet will be again the ministerial candidate
for the presidency of the chamber. MM. Dnpin and
Dufaure both decline being candidates, and it is not
yet known who will be the opposition candidate.

The Madrid mails of the Bth have arrived. Tha
debate on the address in the senate was continued at
the ith. The Montemolinist insurrection in Cata-
lonia appeared to be nearly suppressed. Several ea-
becillas were killed or captured, and Moneal, the
moat celebrated of them, had been defeated at the
Col d'Oriel, where he had collected three or four hun-
dred men, the wreck of several bands. The people
of the country, who had hitherto shown great apathy,
are represented as giving active assistance to the
royal troops against the insurgents.

Letters from Naples of the 4th have been received,
which afford information of a definite kind respecting
the popular movements which were reported to have
taken place at Palermo on the last days of November.
We give the following, without abridgment, from
the correspondent of the Nourelliste, of Marseilles :

In the evening of the 29th ult. the populace still crowded
the streeta, and one of the leaden, who had a tricolour
flag, placed himself at the head of an immense group in the
street of Toledo. This asamblage proceeded to the square
of the Dome, where their leader got upon the pedestal of the
statue of Sainte Rosalie, the patroness of Palermo, and
shouted" Long live the King!" ' Long live Italy !" " Long
live the Constitution !" He then harangued the crowd on
the political condition of Italy, and made it promise to con-
fide in the councils of the intelligent classes. " The object
which you propose," said he, is also their object, and it
can only be secured by unanimity. When justice and mode-
ration shall have been tried in vain, if it be necessary to have
recourse to arms, you will do so with dignity and resolution."
The people declared with enthusiasm that they would follow
this wise counsel. Whilst this was going on in the square, the
elite of the population were deliberating at the Casino, on
the means of pacifically utilising the popular enthutium.
Some instants afterwards the crowd stepped in front of the
Casino, to learn the decisioa of its members, the principl
of whom had been sent for by Gen. Vials, commandant
of the garrison, and chief of the police, who invited
them to call on the King's lieutenant. This per
sonnet declared to these notables that he wee
ready to grant the institution of a civic guard, and
recommended them to call on the following day with the
municipal council to receive the authorisation. This deeisica
satisfied the people, who withdrew in the greatest order.
But, in answer to the instruction, demanded front Naples
by the telegraph, the King's lieutenant was positively or-
dered not to authorise the formation of a civic guard, and
enjoined to repress with the greatest energy even Po-
pular demonstration. On the 30th these instructions were
communicated to the popular committee and the municips
lity, who withdrew in consternation, and would no longer
show themselves to the people. Placards were posted up,
prohibiting under the severest penalties all public meeting'
and cries of every description ; but these placards were im-
mediately pulled down. During this time a group was
passing by the office of the commissariat, and, without any
provocation en its part, was fired upon by the soldiers on
guard. One person was killed, and four were dangerously
wounded. The population of Palermo no longer seeing its
chiefs, cries of " treason " were raised, and the agitatioa
increasing the chief' at length resolved to show them-
selves. After great efforts to restore confidence, the chief'
succeeded in calming the people, by promising consular
to aid them with the same ardour in their struggle for
reform.
Letters from Rome, of the sth, report the death of
M. Silvani, a distinguished lawyer of Bologna. 'the
success of the Swiss Diet in its war against the Soa-
derbund produced a great sensation in all parts d
Italy. On the evening of the 3rd, on the arrival d
the news of the surrender of Lucerne, there was
great popular demonstration at Rome. The porde*
preceded by bands of music, and holding umerese
able torches, proceeded to the hotel of the Stria
Consul, whom they saluted with the usual patziodl
exclamations. The principal streets of the rah
through which the procession passed, were Mg'
minted. The flags of the several Swims canton!, tll2
tricolour Italian flag, and that of the Pope, wee air
played in great numbers on the occasion. The gal'
mations referring to the capture of Lucerne Wel
especially vociferated in front of the college of the
Jesuits. A declaration of the government dirt
proving of these proceedings appeared in the Dion*
of the 4th.
Lord Minto gave a plaid dinner on the lat,
which Cardinal Antonellt, President of the Councils
State •, M. Minghetti, Deputy of Bologna ; the Mu
quis Paaolini, Deputy of 'Ravenna ; the Mauls'
Audio, and many others, were present.
The Diario of Rome publishes the following u th.
I reply of the Pope to the address of Prince Coreini,
the name of the municipality :
The words which you have just addressed to me, my lei

moot, ate a Boum of consolation to me ' • for they give me
the meurance of the good sentiments which animate the
maaieipsl magtistetcy,whose duty it is to watch over the in-
terests of a city so remarkable for its souvenirs, by the cul-
tivation of the fine arts, and by so many other qualities, and
which is to me the object of so muck love. I have already
mid many time, and I etyma it, in order that it may be re-
meetbeted, that I instituted the communal repreeentatian
far the a elt+re of the Raman population. Your adminis-
ostler, wi I, I doubt not, produce happy results for industry
ad „mop ; but especially through you will flourish
what is toe greatest of all possessions —true religion. I pray
Goderere slay for the public proaperity. To-day, I will pray
him epeeislly that he will deign to guide your labours. and
that he will maintain among you union and concord, which
ars the most solid bases of society. May God especially
maintain couoord and make peace to shine over all Italy !
Nothing necessary u peace to cause industry, commerce,
the arta, and public felicity to flourish.
The arrangement effected between Tuscany and
Modena. ..o far as it will affect Ficirsano, has been
announc,tl in two proclamation which have appeared
in the journals of Sardinia and Tuscany, one issued
by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and the other by the
Duke of Modena. These proclamations are as
follow :
PROCL SHATION OP THR GRAND Dena OF TORCAMT.—
Whatever may have been the misunderstanding made up by
the istervention of the Pontifical and Sardinian envoys with
the govcrunient of hII 'dens, relative to the escoutiort of the
treaties, be which the territory of Fivizzano is to become
a part of the latter state, it most deeply grieves es to be oom-
lolled to field to necessity, and to see you, inhabitants of
piliZZaRO, by the force of compacts long since concluded,
rated tense the Tuscan population. Henceforward you
pa.; under the government of another priiee, wh will
We you, we are well convinced, AI we have loved
you but the affection we bore you, and which
Las ace unpanied you to his throne, can
be cancelled. Therefore, absolving you from your oaths of
allegiance towards our person, and from your duty of obedi-
ence, we exhort you to remain with sour new sovereign,
B.R.H. the Duke of Modena, to whose feet I accompany you
with the moot heartfelt recommendations, and be to him the
good and faithful subjects you have ever proved yourselves
tome, and show, by your conduct, that the government wu
for us magistrates • government of love and concord, and
that you were inspired with a love of obedience to the autho-
ruin and to the laws.—Given this 4th December.
PROVLA ITION OP THE Dean OF MODENA.—The
momentary misunderstanding which had taken place with
the Tuscan government has been settled on honourable'
terms ; ws have sent our commissary, Dr. Carlo Geleotti, to I
receive, in oar name, the oath of allegiance of our new sub-1
j tete, the inhabitants of the countries which have been made
over to us by treaties. Inhabitants of our new poesesaions
of Lunigi.ina, in conersaing to you the assurance of reign-
ing over you with justice, and of watching over your pros-
perity, we will also assure yoe, including thews among you
who, since the sth of November, have left Fivizzano, that
no trouble e hitever shall accrue unto you on account of the
manite,ta bins
in which you have joined since that date, and
we fully trust that we shall henceforth find throughout the
whole population aff.ictionate and faithful subjects.—Given
in our palace of Modena this day, the 2nd December, 1847.

Our a !vices from Rerne to the 10th, report that
Sir Stratiord Canning had anticipated the decision of
Lord Palnserston as to the course to be pursued in
the actual situation of parties in the Confederation.
The ambas-ador-extraordinary delivered his creden-
tials at the interview which he had with M. Ochsen-
bein on the 9th, but signified his intention to with-
hold any note on the subject of the contemplated
mediation, until he should receive further instructions
from London. He is reported to have assured the
president of the Diet that, in consenting to share in
the propcwed mediation, the more especial purpose of
the British cabinet was to prevent any encroachment
on the independence of the Swiss nation by other
rovers, and not to interfere unnecessarily with the
internal affairs of the Confederac. He considered
that the readiness with which tie cantons of the
League bad relinquished their resistance to the fede-
ral government, the very small loss of life which
attended the late struggle, and the present tran-
quillity of the country, must necessarily impose on
the British government great circumspection, before
it will consent to participate in any interference with
the affairs of the federal government.
According to the report of a correspondent of the
Conatitutionnel, who has been hitherto generally
well informed, Sir Stratford Canning said to M.
Oehsenbein, that it was at Paris, and especially in
_the highest quarters there, that the chief opposition
to the federal government was concocted. It is added,
that the ambassador declined taking any proceeding
which could be interpreted as an assent on the part of
England to the collective note of the cabinets until he
should receivetsuch further instructions as the changed
situation of Switzerland might render necessary, and
that to him personally any interference appeared at
present untimely.
The federal council of war has published a report of
the killed and wounded during the late war, from
which it appears that the total numbers were, 88
killed, and 385 wounded, on the side of the govern-
ment. The loss on the side of the insurgents has not
been ascertained, but it is supposed to be three or four
times greater.

ALEXANDRIA, Nov. 19.
The Indian transit question has always been looked
ca as a reserved one, only to be discussed under certain
events, and it is not without surprise that a movement by
Lord Palmerston, bearing upon it, has been made known.
The last English steamer brought the news that hencefor-
ward the steamers of the Peninsular and Oriental Company
will leave this port immediately they receive the mail* on
board, and the English post-office agents are directed to ex-
pedite their transit as quickly as possible from Alexandria to
Baez, and rice reran. Now there is a contract between the
Peninsular and Oriental Company and the Egyptian Transit
Administration, by which the latter is obliged, under a vary
heavy penalty, to transport all the pitmen/en, luggage, and
goods from Alexandria to Suez, or rice terra, in tame to go
ost in the other steamer. There is always, unavoidably, a
period of some hours, and at times a day, between the arri-
val of the mails and passengers. The general opinion is that
whatever the Transit Company may do, they can never fulfil
their contract, 6o as to bring the panengers,luggage, gooda,&e.,
Over in the same time as the post-office agent with the mails.

Int court.
Professor Sedgwick arrived at Osborne, on Tues-
day, on a visit to her Majesty.
General Prince Caatelcicala bad an interview yes-
terday with Lord Palmerston, at the Foreign-office. The
Postmaster-General had an interview with the Chancellor of
the Exchequer oa Tuesday, in Downing-street, Mr. Kin-
aaird had an interview with Sir G. Grey yesterday, at the
Home-offiee.

Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
aka, from the Governor of Gibraltar.