The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-22 00:00:00

THE POPE'S NEW GUILLOTINE.

It may be known to many of our readers
that in the time of the Roman relnablic the scaffold
on which public executions took place in Rom, was
destroyed by tho people. The papal govetainent, it
appears, notwithstanding the alternative they haves all
along had in military execution", now found the want of
this useful instrument, and have erected a new one. The
Progtesso ot"rnrin of the 16th instant comments oa this
in words to the following effect:—" The reactionary press,
both Italian and French, continues with its usual effrontery
to sacrifice truth and justice to tyranny; when facts cannot
be denied, it has recourse to mendacity and calumny.
Thus, when it cannot bo denied that the assassin of
the worthy Neapolitan Deputy Carlucci was rewarded by
' the government, and that for mere priestly reveage the
brave Roman artillery officer, Calandrelli, was co. donned
to forced labour after a long imprisonment, the aforesaid
press resorts to the expedient of calling the first the bead
lof a hand of brigands, and the second an immoral robber,
land so on. And it is always the same." At Rome, on the
29th of September of the present year, in the Piazza della
Barea della Yerita, a scaffold was erected, and the ponti-
fical justice fell on the head of Gaetano Pi:Rim:lli, builder,
31 years of age, accused of having killed, in the
May of 1319, sonic persons believed to be jesuits in disguise,
The scathald and Pius IX., the guillotine and the papacy!
The Univers, which is never tired of glorifying, for the edi-
fication of its catholic readers, the clemency and mercy of the
vicar of Christ, finds a way of justiqing this marriage of
pope and scaffold :—" says the Unteers,
went to his doom a free thinker. All the way he did not
cease blaspheming and insulting the church and the minis-
ters. Arrived at the foot of the scaffold a little bet.. we eight
o'clock, the time fixed for the execution, he still blasplienied,
protesting his innocence. It it known that at lt,ine it is the
custom to allow to a condemned prisoner, who has not yet
repented, some time, and often even till sunset, in order
that time may be given fur his rebel soul to be touched by
grace and made penitent. Tide is a teaching proof of dm
infinite gentleness of the church and of the value she has
for the salvation of the souls rescued by the blood of Christ.
This was the first time that the guillotine was raised un-
der the pontificate of Pius IX. More, it was a new
guillotine. The honest mot of the republic burnt tho
old one, because it was a menace to themselves which their
integrity could not bear." Such is the logic of toe (*gi-
vers. If the republicans destroy the scaffold it is for tear
of having to ascend it ; if the 1 rebuilds it, it is from
generosity and evangelical virtue !

EARL DELAWARR ON AGRICULTURAL PItoSPECTS.
—At the late meeting of the Agricultural Association for
the Groombridge (lied) district, a letter front Earl Dela-
warr was red, which evidently created a deep impression on
the minds of the many farmers who were prevent. It was
addressed to the chairman, and was to the follow lug effect:
—" Geneva, Oct. 0, 18.51.—Dear grieve to say that
the serious illness of one of my family detains me at this
place and prevents me from being present at our little
Ureonthridge agricultural meeting on the 16th inst. I
regret thin the more because since last I had nie pleasure
of meeting my friends and iteighhours at our anniversary,
nothing, unfortunately, has occurred to cheer their pros-
pects, and it is just at such times that I hold it to be, and
most particularly, the duty of thu landlord and
tenant to come together and mutually to pledge support
each to each other—always taking it for granted that we us
looking forward to better times. I know well this is con-
sidered by many to be an unmeaning phrase and by
some even a mockery of their present distress, and I have
ventured to use it, it may reasonably be asked of me what I
understand by it. .111 y meaning then, in this—that the time
is not tar distant when the country will have to pronounce
definitively upon the experiment of the uurestrietid im-
portation of foreign grain, and all other articles of agri-
cultural produce. In this verdict we shall have a largo
share, and by it our future interest will be governed. Well,
therefore, dues it behove all those classes whose well-being
is bolted up with the prosperity of agriculture to consider
how last they can, undaunted by threats or wolf., by union
and energy, calmly, hut firmly, prepare themselves for tho
part they will have to play in the choice of their represen-
tatives. ' Coming events, says the poet, cast theme sha-
dows before.' In the meantime let us by all the means in
our power snow the value which we set upon the pursuits
of agriculture us the basis of all national prosperity, by
straining every nerve to follow out the modern improve-
ments in every branch of farming, cautiously blending
theory with practice, thus proving to our leilow-country-
men that we deserve their good-will. Let us improve our
breeds of stock, let us drain our wet fields, let us adopt
improved machinery in our farms, let us sedulously attend
to the comforts and general well-ueiug of our labourers—of
that bold peasantry, their country's pride. Up hill wane at
all this may seem to be at present, let us be assured that if it
be manfully and with confidence." adopted, we shall reap
our reward. Let our motto be Live and let live,' for we
have yet to leant that the prosperity of ~ur manufactures
depends upon the ruin of agriculture. Why should not
the plough and the spinning-jenny ' speed' concurrently as
they have done heretofore—not in painful antagonism, but
each contributing to the common weal, respecting and
respected by each other, and, by their joint influence and
harmonious action, upholding the vast fabric ufour national
grandeur ? 1 will conclude this, I fear, tedious epistle, by
requesting that you will have the kindness to read my
apology fur absence to the meeting, and have the honour
to remain your obedient humble servant, DELAY/Attn."

I'LNNY OSlNlBUsr.S.—Yesterday the first of the
long-talked of" penny omnibuses" made their appearance in
the metropolis. The line of route selected was Oxlerd-
street, and passengers were conveyed from the end of Tot-
tenlium.court-road to the Edgeware-road for one penny.
'file vehicles were abundantly patronised. They started
from either cad every ten minutes, and no sooner was ono
~et of passengers put down than double the number the
vehicle could accommodate were struggling tor seats. To
judge front yesterday's experience, the caterers fur cheap
public conveyance will hod the speculation highly remune-
rative. it is understood that the entire leading thorough-
fares of the metropolis have been parcelled into 141. and U.
stages, and that omnibuses are forthwith to be put on for
the conveyance of passengers ut those rates.
_ _ _

- -
A FATAL COAL-PIT ACCIDENT moored on &Aura3ry
in Messrs. Baldwin's colliery, near the Pothouse-bridge,
lid-
stun. It appears that the engine belonging to the pit is
used for the double purpose of pumping and winding.
At night it has been customary to detach or "throw out
of gear " the winding apparatus, to allow the pumps to
work without interruption. On the evening previous to
the accident the bends had been thrown out of gear as
usual. In the morning the night engineer, finding tho
water out, stopped the engine, and threw the bands in
gear, as he thought, ready for uperatiun upon the arrival of
the day engineer, Alexander June,, whose duty it was to
lower the men on their arrival at ii o'clock. At that time
seven men and aix boys placed themselves tu the skip to
descend, and after being lowered about 10 or 12 yards
they began to descend with such fearful velocity that it
became evident to those on the bank that the engine was
oat of pear ; and the nine individuals were precipitated to
the bottom of the shaft, a depth of 12U yards. The baud
chain became detached from the sudden jerk at the extreme
end Irma the engine shaft, and the whole chain, about 160
yards long, and near two tuns weight, fell upon and buried
in its iron coils the untbr!unate creatureoat the bottom. Bil-
lingsley," the butty, who had the presence of mind to jump
oauftewolbtrtimeiftip iatntouhcoluierdttltep..bcodttobt,et,:,(;:catilidcwhlib
could be !cm:wed from off the sufferers, when it was dis-
covered that the two buys were dead, and that the whole of
the men were must seriously mutilated. Tile buys were
named William Payton and John kluffey. At the inquest,
before Mr. T. M. Phillips, the jury considered the respon-
sibility rested upon Jones, and returned a verdict of " Man-
slaughter" against him.

THE NORTH Wi rslt FISIIERIES.—Opter dredg-
ing has now become so extremely profitable iu the 31enat
Straits, tout fishing vessels from Jersey and other distant
parts and it to their advantage to go thither, in order to
aboundscul t
with vast tlitts. ofof '
flab, which tfihthesei;tost;•inaire
passed without notice, or comparatively little, in conse-
quence of there being but a limited demand, but the open-
ing of the Chester and flolyhvad line has at lough aroused
the North Wales fishermen to the necessity of exerting
themselves, otherwise the trade will be carried flora
them by enterprising and energetic Englishmen.
Accordingly, from the neighbourhood of Conway
large quantities of fish are regularly conveyed by
the rail ti Chester, Liverpool, Manchester, and the other
large inland towns, where th. y find a ready marltit. On the
establishment of the branch hue hum Caruarvon to Bangor,
it is expeaed that large quantities of the bony and shell
tribe, which so abound in Caniarvon Bay will likewise find
their way to England fur disposal. In lleaumaris Bay
vessels from Itoylake regularly fish there, and forward
large cargoes to the Liverpool markets.

HEALTH OF LONDON DIMINO THE WEEK.

(Erma the Rep et.)
The total number of deaths mristered in the me-
tropolitan districts in the week ending lest Saturday wm
981 Th I exhibit a mill inereme on those of the preceding
weik, when the amount was ').3. .Itk:nz for compuMan
Corresponding weeks of the ten years 1311.50, it appears
that the average was 906; but if this average be niird
in
proportion to the increase of persons now living in London,
It biimmes tott7, which differs not much trout Lest week's

Last seek 42. S children died under 15 yeses of age, 367
person, who had reached 15 years, but had not attained to
69, and 181 who were of 60 years and upwards.
fl t ible of fatal causes shows that 229 persons, 13i of
whom acre children, were carried olf by one or other
the twenty-one diseases that art classed aa " epidemic."
These diseases in the aggregate do not at present produce a
Mortality equal to the average of corresponding, weeks;
but miler particular heads, name,), typhus and iliarrheel,
the numbers exceed the usual amount at this season.
Typhus was fatal in 67 cases last week (the average loin,/
63), and this disci.", appears to he on the increase. In the
Church subdistrict of Bethnal green three deaths from
typhus occurred on the 11th, 12th, and 13th October, at
the respective ages of 14, 16, and 23 years, the first in Cure-
ber:.......place, the second in Norta.street, and the third in
Trafalgar place. Mr. !Gigot, the rejistrar, reports that
the ieeuaiers in these localities complain of the had state
of the drains.
Se.irl dies in this return numbers 43 cases, while the Ws
Wet. 41 average of corresporaling weeks is 4s. Though the
mortality, as collected over the whole metropolis, is not
rernarkaole, the complaint has fallen severely on particular
Fifteen deaths, only one of which was that of an adult,
were registered last week as caused by small pox. Two
cases, in which it is staid that vaccination had been pre-
viously performed, oceurrid to a child of 7 months and a
man aged 30 years. With reference to a care which proved
fatal in Camden-town, and in which vaccination had been
perbirmeil without effect, Mr. Moll states that two other
Width. ri in the family had been successfully vaccinated and
escaped the rontaition. An infant is also registered this
week who died of chicken pox.
Diarrhma, which numbers 42 deaths, continues to decline,
though it is still rather more fatal than usual for this late
priml of the year. Ilithisis, or consumption, has been ra-
ther fatal during the week, the deaths resulting from it
amounting to 138. This is a greater number than in any
Corresponehoit week of seven previous years. Fifteen de atlas
are aserile d to disease of the liver, in four of which mace
the fatal complaint is specified a." cirrhosis." Ihe four
persona who died of cirrhosis were females.
In Hackney, on the 14th October, the daughter of a
earpenter, aged 2 yew, died from " int) immation of the
int. -tiara, reused by swallowing plum and cherry 'tunes."
The births of 773 boys and 670 girls, in all 1,413 children,
were registered in the week. In the sae carrespoudiug
meeks at the years 181540 the average number was 1313.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. the mean reading
of the barometer in the week was 21.1•729 in. On Sunday
the' mean daily reading was :0111 ie. The mean tempera-
ture of the week was 32.14 deg. The mean daily tempera-
ture was shove the average of corresponding days in ten
ye ors oar s seri day except Thursday and Friday. It was
601 deg. on Sundae, or nearly 10 degrees &wive the
areni4e ; after which it gradually fell to 45.9 deg. on
Friday. The wind was generally in the south-west.
'foe following eelectiuns ere made from the Registrars'
Reports . At 23, Oray's.innelane, on the 13th of October,
the .on of a tailor, aged 2 years, died of "diarrhea and
ulcerated bowel* for 9 months." Mr. llolrces adds that
"this is about the worst past of Gray's-ien-lane : some of
the 11.11.1, are in a filthy state." In Camberwell, at 4,
Wyndham-road, on the 13th of Oetober,
the widow of a porter, aged 44 years, died of "disease of
the heart end hypertrophy." Mr. Searle states that " this
is the widow of Anthony Fawcett, who nu the 30th ult.
murdered too of hi, children, and afterwards committed
Suicide, being at the time in a state of insanity."

TIM New OW/Mrs AsSOCI trION.—A largo meet-
ing of omnibus proprieton took place on Monday evening,
at the Duke of Wellington, liathuret-street, Argyle•square,
to coin,itl r the prelims's submitted to them, act u prelimi-
nary ineetonz last Monday, by Mr. Crawfunl, the origina-
tor of the II ungerfoord awl Camden-town lines, for .hosing
hew vow., and working them by combination, at reduced
farts. Mr. O'Brien iu the chair. Mr. Crawford having
explained the object of the vacating, it was resolved to form
a new asogaition for the purpose of working various omni-
bus r,nitte at reduced fares. Seri ral pruptietors proffered
their assietenee with their omnibuses and stock. It was !
stated that there were in various parts of Low
don from 200 to 300 omnibuses now "laid up
in ordinary," each of which, when at work, em-
ploy.-0 Iron. eight to ten horses daily, and three men.
By the repined plan of the suomeintion any proprietor
could put an omnibus on the new route until 20 were run-
nine, when another route must he chueen and tilled up. The
find route prOllo9ol to be opened was from Bayswater to
lottenhtion-court-road, 2d. ; thence to the Bank, 241. Second
route, from the Great Western to the Great Northern Rail-
way, :hi.; and from the Yorkshire Stings to Kong'scross,
2.1. It was aloe stated that the expeuee of working one
omnibus per day was 2/. Os. 9,1., supposing each omnibus,
with he 10 honors, travelled 60 Mil,. doily (II journies to i
and fro per diem, at two miles per journey). It they were
been, d to carry 21 paeowngert, and tolitnined ono-half, or 12
ppaa otter., at 2.1. each per journey, the profit would be
19. 3.1. per them; at "two-thins full " the profit was esti-
mated at hi. 19e. 3d. per diem; at "these-fourths
2/. 9e. 3.1.; and at " full," 3/. Me 3,11. Thus, giving on the
fiat calcuation, a profit on the working of 100 omnibuses,
30,033/. per annum ; no the second, t1i,13.1/. per annum ;
on the third, et,6:l-4. per annum; and on the fourth,
139,23 W. A variety of rule, fur the regulation of the asso-
ciatem having bean agreed to, the meeting separated.
Tlt r A IteIIDEACON or SURREY'S VISITATION.—
Yesterday afternoon the Archdeacon of Surrey (the Vene-
rable C. J. Rome, M.A.) helot his visitation, it St. Saviour's
Church, Southwark. There woo an unusually large
attenolaneo of clergymen. The sermon was preached by
the liev. J. R. Nichol', M.A., rector of Streatham. The
archdeacon then took his seat within the altar rail., and
proceeded to deliver his charge. After some general oh-
perorations on the state of the diocese generally. he remarked
that then, had during the lint few years been a marked
improvement in the condition of the churches in the arch.
deaconry of Surrey. That morning he had visited the
parish church of their rural dean (Lambeth church), and
lie hail been highly gratified with the creditable zeal of the
officer', the liberality of the contributors, and the perfect
good taste of the work itself. In rt (cermet to the statistics
which he hail received from the clergy, he found that great
facilities had heen afforded by the recent canons. Still he
felt compelled to say that better returns might occa-
sionally be made by his reverend brithren. Foe
instanue, in a parish containing but seventy or eighty in-
habitants the comniunicauts had been returned as 160,
and the attendants upon the ordinary services of the church
at double that number. That, of course, could only be ac-
counted fur by the fact, that a communicant was reckoned
each time he presented himself instead of the 110M,S being
carefully noted down. liaviug gone at some length into a
statistical inquiry in reference to the existence of churches
and schools in the archoleectoury, he said it was satisfactory
to him to speak of the growing spirit of improvement in
reterence to the increaee of church accommodation amongst
them. During the last century only nine churches were
built or restored in Surrey. In the first twenty years of
the present century four new churches were built in the
same district and five restored. In the next decade sixteen
church.. were built and three restored. lac the next decade
twenty-one churches were built and ten restored. In the
last decade, twenty-seven churches were built and twenty-
two restored. In 18.31, seven new churches were reported
as b..ing in progress, and two in course of restoration, being
equal to the whole efforts of the preceding century. Nest
to thew valuable additions to leer force, the church's beet
defence in the present day consisted in the promotion
of unity amongst its members. Upon that its existence
as the church of this country mainly depended. A good
deal had been said and written of late on the subject of con-
vocation. lie thought it was a matter which might be very
properly left to the natural guardians of the church who
had seats in parliament for the protection of the church's
interests. It was gratifying to the clergy to know that an
orginic change could take place and no change in her ter-
sines effected without such an assemblage meeting together.
Such a meeting seemed at en immeasurable distance. With
reference to 'synodal action in tho church, it would he pre-
sumptuous in him to say what would be its results, but he
but no hesitation in stating that he was in favour of ruri-
decanal chapters fur the discussion of church matters, un-
der
the cognisance of the bishop. lie believed such discus-
sion, would be beneficial, and would tend to promote the
unity of the church. Referring to the late numerous se-
cessions from the church of England, the archdeacon attri-
buted them to a losing sight of the doctrine of justification
by faith, which bed been regarded as the test of a standing
or falling church. These secessions hail induced the court
of Rome to send cardinals and bishops to England, and to
set up a mock ecclesiastical sovereignty in the district in
whi-h they were assembled. The archdeacon entreated
the clergy to exert themselves in promoting the forthcom-
ing jubilee of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
in Foreign Parts, and announced that there would be •
great meeting on the subject in the cathedral church of the
diocese in Advent week, and that the bishop would preside.
INCENDIARY OCTRAGE.--011 Saturday night last,
about midnight, a house was observed to be on fire in
The neighbours were immediately
alarmed, and gave assistance. The fire was quenched by
pulling down the thatch and roof There was no water
nearer than the Boyne, which is mom than a quarter of •
mile away. The Asa is vteor&populous, having a great
number cif bowie crowded er, and Mr. Walsh has •
larne stare ecovestest to the e full of inflammatory ma-
terial*, and if this building had caught tire the result would
have been vet, calamitous. We believe the property be-
longs le F. V. Leland, Esq., who is an indulgent landlord,
sad does sot deserve the ill-will of any. There is no doubt
but the °lenge was maliciously perpetrated—a circum-
stases which we deeply regret, as the contagion of evil
example is sun to spread. This is the third incendiary fire'
in tLs locality within a very short period.—Drogiisda Cow-
*smarm.
liaaverr.—The wheat, oaten, and bar
although gathered in, housed, or rieked, is ewi•
on the whole, a fair average. Some late cereal oyesl
Auk, sad sane onresped, In exposed
a mien& seriously from the protracted h=lBl4
. weather. TM fax cup, petunia/1y la dilator, fa
unanbly mpetad. The eased failure of the podiaseep
in sea dGensaM mft enn4ll/4. Ito Marne it h sae haY.~DY~

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