The Express.
London, England, 1853-01-24 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 24.

Tug question of national hospitality afforded by
this country to political exiles, without regard to any
other circumstance than the fact of their misfortune,
is again likely to be re-opened at the instance of our
despotic neighbours. Austria, which has long
sighed for the power to demand the expulsion of
fugitive Italians and Hungarians from our soil, s dis-
posed to attempt once more the efficacy of her dull
logic on the British Government. The formation of
a new Cabinet in England, headed by Lord AMER-
DEAN, and still represented at Vienna by the un-
worthy WESTMORELAND, revives the hope so long
cherished of extending the cordon sanitotre of des-
potion to the isles u well as to the main land of the
European continent. From stream to stream, and
town to town. the still-surviving victims of oppression
have been chased through every petty kingdom
and principality which trembles at the name of the
Holy Alliance. Every day since 1849 the sphere of
extradition has been growing larger and more corn-
prehensite. Every day new meshes have been
knotted in the treacherous web of tyranny, and the
unwary feet of additional victims caught therein.
These insular realms alone continue free—free from
the kidnapper's gins and the snares of the spy. The
baffled persecutor of opinion looks over our ocean
wall and sets, with ill-suppressed vexation, that his
intended victims here arc safe ; and the presence
even here, in banishment, obscurity, and beggary, of
the fugitive vassals, fills him with rage and pain.
Do they not still breathe freely and walk abroad at
will, and curse audibly the cruelty which has driven
them here, while they bless the laws which have
afforded them an alien home ? Austria would subvert
those laws, and would fain, through the medium of
her own and other diplomacy, beguile certain politi-
cians amongst us into shameful compliance with her
tyrannical will.
But the demands of Austria, backed though they
be by all the influence and power of Russia, are
neither' the most pressing nor importunate on this
painful subject. From the wreck of the French
republic many Assure men and a few whose names
are notable made their escape to oar shores. To what
precise phase of political speculation these unhappy
exiles belong is a matter with which the Government
of this country has nothing whatever to do. So long
es they live peaceably in our land and obey our
laws the people of England will gaffer no man to
harm them. They call the author of the coup dant
a despot, and he calla them anarchists. But it is
the habit of fervid republicans and military monarchs
to interchange such epithets; and we have made up
our minds, as a just and generous nation, never to
allow either the one ear the other to wreak their poli-
tical vengeance furtively or forcibly within the limits
et our soil. Exiled Kings have found safety in
England; exiled Patriots am equally entitled to be
secure. On their own soil they may fight it out if
they will; but our island must not be made
by adjournment the battle-ground of foreign
feuds. When LOUIE NAPOLEON was a fOtZ;
insurgent against the ORLEANS dynasty, he
safety and shelter here. No English Minister
would have listened to a demand to give him
up upon the transparent pretence that the man
who, in open day, had shot to death, with his own
hand, a sentry at the guard-house of Boulogne, was
guilty of wilful murder under the municipal law,
and, as such, ought to be smoldered to those wile
were charged with maintaining its authority. The
instincts of common humanity and the principles el
universal justice, alike repudiate the Incr with
iniz7
sophistry which would confound polit.
private offences, end civil strife with social crime.
Every nation meet deal with those whe violate
its peace, or seek to overturn its institutions
as they please. Bet the very essence of
international civilizatios► and independence ((talkie '
the government of one people to lend themselves as
political police to another. M. Louis BLANC and
M. LEDEU ROLLIN are in the same position with re-
gard to NAPOLEON M. as the latter was in 1840
with rosiest to Loots PEMPPIL What their
alleged atom or meson of a political kind in their
own seembyeshave been is no affair of ours. As
sitter ef we may listen to dimensions re-
them, form and give an opinion on each
et that weer. We may agree with
the one, and mapest
im theethmoint whoa the Ilfr
Pmeosob
Minister for lipt Agnes theitarreh
dm et mitelost hints adnomd that, upon drabs
of W plea eise emee municipal law Ohms"
political shed& le bested dews by the
English police, maim' and deperted, thus we re-
fuse positively and pmemptorily to her any
discussion on the isd_ We will neither
hire eat nor lend war ftaidmaries to any foreign
power to execute its caries or will. The universal
laws which every where preesst in civilised countries
individual life and private property, are mutually
executed already by the police of France and of Eng-
land, of Austria and the United States, or of say
ether nations, as the case may be. No new law is
wanting for that purpose, but something more is
wanted by the absolutist governments of die Conti-
nent, and something more will one day be attempted
to conciliate and please those governments if vigilant
opinion does not interdict and bar the attempt.
It cannot be bream, that duri g the disreput-
able tenure of the Foreign-ales by Lord MALMES-
BOIT, a bill was introduced into the House of
Peers professedly intended to carry into effect the
stipulations of a convention for the 'Weal extradi-
tion of political exiles by France and England.
As might have been expected. the first announcement
of such a proposition engendered such an amount of
popular indignation, that even in the Upper Roam
some few were found to take ex to the tenor
of the Bonapartist bill, and the • MALICE&
AvET, rashly endeavouring to modify its terms off-
hand, in the hope of obviating objections of detail,
speedily found himself entangled in a net of inane.
shitencies from which extrication was impossible.
And the Ministry being tionfasesdly in a minority in
the House of Clemensee, the neer approach of the
then impending dimolntion wee made an excess for
precipitately vrithdrawiag the smear& Bat Lord
assuni's attempt, abortive though it
_proved,
remained
_enough en the table of the Lomb to
elicit the Asire et many eminent personages—
that of the pima PAMIR amongst the rest. It
is plunk that a essiteang may have been attached
to ezpradens at Lord Amato= which they
WWI not ihteeded to convey, but certain it is that
the Frame Government "Winos with confidestoupen
the ream* of the attempt of Lord
by the point Admis. Many will leek es di
as upon ether questions to the presence et Led
JOON Buss= in the Oabhiet as a sufficient guru.
tee that n• nob attempt will be made. But there
an hardly be a doubt amongst the earliest points on
which explicit explanation will be demanded when
Parliament meets will be that regarding Ministerial
intentions on the subject of Foreign Refugee .

Tn. baninefiais same why the Beak beim' on
Thunder a farther rim to 3parent is the lowest
rate sibling at whisk it vrtM bad lb assay Hs on
the sorbs& The aosemeto puttied to the 15th
inst. In bid Ariday's games hellmile a 'continual de-
mand fee dre money et the lank It is aimrted,
too, in the City that es dteeaiad betinued in
fall force through WI wok, though the as
Donate to 0411.11111 er dle the abortion will
not be palatial= gest . In the week ending
on the 151 k theeireulation hod named 341,1481. ;--
617,1141. bedlam taken away of the Bank bullion,
and the snm in its till. or its reserve, had boon ler
awed by 917,7991. The great customer—the State
—had removed from its keeping 632,0361., and iq
private customers had withdrawn 1,026,4901. tut
such changes as these are to some extent customary
at this period of the year, and our readers will have,
perhaps, a clearer idea of the exact changes which
have influenced the Bank, if we place Wore them a
comparison of the similar changes which took place

in the second and third weals of January, 1832 and
1853. The following is such a comparison :
Amass amount in two week,. Total chimps in them.

1852.
Circulation
Public deposits 5,093,838 Deeresse,...
Private deposits
Private securities 11,467,459 Dermas '
Bullion
1trey.,,,,, 167,341}
.
Reserve (notes only) 10,449,727 . c (Rotes. & biaigoo 1,086,399
1853.

Circulation
Public deposits 6,355,946 Decrease .. 4,366,464
Private deposits
Private seturines 14.591,650 Decrease .. 1,809,103
Bullion
.

. o
Reserve (Dotes osly) 5,90002 I Dee (sott
& bunion) 1,987,015
From these figures it is evident that the loanable
capital of the Bank in 18.52, compared to its
circulation and its private deposits, was greater
in proportion, when compared to its immediate
than in 1853. The proportions were
28 to 33 in 18.52 and 29 to 39 in 1853, or the Bank
was positively in a much weaker condition in 18.53
than in 1852. Being weaker, the changes in the
two weeks were enough to disturb the Bank
directors from their repose. The public deposits,
the consequence of the payment of the dividends, de-
serve no notice, but the removal from the Bank in
the two weeks of 1853 of 1,379,1551. of gold, con-
trasted with an increase of 167,3461. in 1852, while
the increase in private deposits was only 290,2961. in
1853 contrasted with the increase of 2,285,6591.
there having been in the last week a positive de-
crease of pnvate deposing to the extent of 1,026,4901.
—were sure signs of money being in demand. At
the same time the comparatively small increase of
its notes, 753,046/. against 1,773,8721. in 1852,
was an intimation not to be neglected
that the circulation was comparatively full,
and that the demand wu leas for its notes
than for the gold in its coffers. In two weeks nearly
2,000,0001. was taken from it, and of that 1,379,1551.
was gold. The comparatively unfavourable condition
of the Bank was likely to become still more un-
favourable, and, to improve it, the rate of interest
was raised.

Whatever may be the condition of the Bank, we
are still of opinion that it would have done better to
wait till the effects of the payment of the dividends
had been ascertained, that the public might have
been spared the suspicion that the Bank was too hasty
in its proceedings. The amount of securities re-
deemed in the two weeks of 1863, 1,809,103 L, is
greater in proportion to 14,691,6501., the amount
pledged, than the amount redeemed in 1862,
847,3701., is in proportion to 11,687,4691., showing
the perfect soundness and solvency of the bank's
debtors at present, and by inference of all the trading
portion of the community. That its movement
caused unnecessary embarrassment is very evident.
The Bank excited apprehensions, and for the moment
increased the demand for money which the rise in the
rate of interest was intended to check. Bydelaying its
first move for a fortnight, the Bank would have made
it on a comparatively full market, and have done less
injury to the public. Had the demand for money
continued, the necessity for taking such a step would
have been more apparent, and the public would have
been more certainly convinced that the Bank had only
followed the market, and not endeavoured to upset it
oa a pretence of taking oare of the public in a
direction favourable to its own interests.

The proofs being very clear that an increased de-
mand for money bas amen, we may remark that it
has two very different causes. The one which has
more immediately operated on the Bank—is the
great speculation which has now been carried
on for many months in Paris to raise sad
keep up the price of all kinds of public se-
°unties, railway shares, and shares of varicose-
kinds of newly formed companies. A great demand
has been made on the Bank of France for ad-
minces, and a reduction of the bullion in its
vaults has taken place to the extent of upwards
of 1,000,0001. According to the last return its
cash was decreasing, it had lammed its advapcoo, a
collapse of the financial bubble of the Empire had
begun, and to prevent it from bursting great efforts
are making to borrow money wherever money can be
*Wined. Not many years have elapsed since our
own Bank was saved from danger by a loan from the
Beak al Frame, and a return of that good aloe,
three& an indirect way, is now asked. Capital,
like SO supply of corn, is common in a great
anessese to the whole commercial world = and the
great demand for it in Paris to keep the
bubble inflated re-acts on London. Nothing 111 to be
I gained hereafter by such speculation to repa present
Weans'. The undue commmption it ocycasion' its
so mash loss, and those who would not share it, mast
let lend their means to sustain it. In general, the
asnesile of the Bank belongs to the genus specula
and so far as the rise in the rate of iatarest
to check their operation., and creed sharing
their eartain losses, it was, on the part at the Bank,
'4",,VouttherruslisulL from which a rise u • the rate of
has loog been ed, is the general
Z-Tif price, and theexpect increased profits of
Mme.. The shipowner, whose freight to
Aloha& has, within six months, been raised
roc cent., and
place., m bet
ust reixt 30 and. 40
ng te.t3er
.ext. to
more
ilk loans now for short periods to enable' him to
hasten the outfit of more ships than at the beginning
of last year. The ironmaster, whose produce is sow
Dearly double the prim it was a few months ago, is
ready to borrow aer sum at a higher rah
ofin-
terest than he could betas pay to set additional la-
bourers to work. The importer of sugar who has a
eke' soeuesotion with the planter sees a vast and an in-
growing eseenniptienelthat artiole.aad ashort supply,
soil be will be more liberal in his advances to stimulate-
farther preload= and ready to take op money him-
self ate. bleier rate of interest, that he may hold
dos dock he possum till he can sell it for more
antsy. A /ow and a falling prim of cotton, and an
issemeed demand, and better price for cloth, make
the manifiestarer anxious to work mote, and to take
np wow maw from his banker, though he was to
ley a higher rate he it. Them are specimens of
;i,t has for some time been the case throughout
misty. Pinder:idea has been great, but eon-
unmptieznetansairti, bpi with it,
labonrersor
arehas,Zu
Oh Gad there is a disposition to employ
mem pie" are generally meta are great
inilifieMaisag and there is a disposition throughout
enamprising classes to borrow more money. In
tenth, the owners of money are only sharing the 's-
ore prosperity. Their commodity, like labour or
letton cloth, or sugar, or ships, is more in demand,
dad all who require it are willing to give more for
It. The dinomery of gold in California and Aus-
tralia, in coojunetion with freedom of trade, has
given a wonderful stimulus to enterprise, and money
or capital, hinted of being made cheaper by the dis-
covery, is made dearer.! There is, in all the money
markets of the einpre an increased demand for
money, and the Beal, we now know, only follows
rthe market in raising its rate. We have latterly been
amastemed M a very low rate, otherwise we should
taped the painent rata as extremely moderate and
met likely to have any ill effects on trade.
What we mid lam Tuesday went to prove that the
Mew comparatively humble )3ank which controls a
very small portion of that whole capital of the sow
menial world, all of which must be indented
to affect the rats of interest permanently, can no
'more in reality determine that rate than it can deter-
mine the Om eiders. Thant@ is seeded by die rela-
tion between amend mediae general sop-
Miet,aind the et tieDs* airing a rate of
son* me sonehlk behrlell itself and its
aihkinine. rhea rßeeedibined. b a reenneat
ei Ai .time 116111 i the legislates* emery
awl the Low Maros est Ired emesehe at
lewd Wog ssoiniess tog be libmsted frees the
motherly "noddle hank as eels bee bum liberated
with such great amide's* from the fatherly cars of
legislating landlords.

Dun or Ma. Quisas LAWaracs.— hat am
we were going to prom, we reesived intelligence of the
death of oar esteemed townsman, Mr. Charles Lawrense, la
the 77th year of his sp. This melancholy event took
plus last evening, at the reeklienee of the deceased, Moe.
ley-kill, The mesas of Mr. Charles Lawrence
has been long known sad haemarably identified Mal the
veva* prosperity of this port, as the principal in the
greet mercantile firm of Chula* LaWreneei and Son. He
was • depury.lieutenant and magistrate for this meaty,
and in the year 1823 *erred the office of mayor in this
borough. For • long period, and up to the time of the
=tion with the London and Birmingham Railway,
ace was chairman of the Liverpool and Man-
chester Railway Board.—Liturpool Mercury.