The Express.
London, England, 1851-03-15 00:00:00

that purpose. That Kreili, as the ac'enowledged tWe have been acting to., much as if we were the only pro-
paramount chief of all Kaffirknee he alone treated with,' duccrs of goods, and that mankind meet come to our neer-
and that he be made responsible for the due fulfilment of kete. It will he made plain that we base alde as welt as
any convention which may be mutually Nerved upon. numerous competitors; and that they have not eacriticed
That any conventein or treaty entered into with that quality to prier to the extent we have done ; therefore they
chief be hued en the execution of Sir Benjamin d'Crban's are likely ti Ice ei and enleree their &mewl to our &tel.
eystem, as regards the colonial boundary, which would then meat, unless er • determine store generally to make our
be fixed be the 'River Kei; that this measure be carried goods truly cheap, by making -them as useful and durable
into immediate effect, with the further addition that the as they ought to be. In no respect can the Exhibition be
territory so included be made certainly colonial, by the' more beneficial than in assisting to raise, in this important
expulsion beyond it+ limits, of crery kalif', on pain of death i qualification, thu character of our manufactures.
or deportation. That the enarnunicition between the I Mr. Felkin is engaged in the lace manufacture,
eastern province and the settlement of Natal, be kept by a and therefore deeply interested in the improvement
good mintary rued, connecting a chain of poets estelilielitet
of the taste of our unietins.
at the mouths of the Kei, of the Umtata, and the Cutsim-
HEARING or THE EXHIBITION ON OXN AA EN A .
emblem rivers. That properly defined rules b. enacted,
Although the English manufacturer have nettle, and
as to the footing on which is to be placed the commercial or
' rather bartering relations between Europeans and Kaffirs• must continue to turn out, hive,. piles of merchandise, the
as likewise for the recovery of stolen property or cattle. Exhibition will teach the lemon emphatically, that they
That the frontier be re•rer left without as adequate must be fraught with beauty. While we endeavour to in-
military for its protection and detence.
We shall now deduce our redeem for the above swore-traducel object,' taken from the exhaustless variety of nature,
it is imperative that we display them in their proper twins
time.,
together with what we deem the meet effective means and colours; grouping our mimic pictures with that case
of carrying them intu effect. The chief reason fur the and grace which may please thedt-recurring gaze of in-
n:movel of the seat of government to the eastern province fancy, yet satisfy the intuitive accuracy of feminine huh.,
is that the latter being at present--and likely to continue so and the eye of the connoisseur in the art of design.
—the locality requiring most the immediate presence and The bearing ot the Exhibition upon the subject of orna-
superintendence of the head of the colonial government, his ment is very apparent. The ingenuity of mankind in
residence at the other extremity of the colony is attended creating wants, and finding new means to supply them, is
with many drawbacks, counterbalanced by no sulequate even surpassed by the desire to obtain every article. whether
advantages—" Cape Town being at au inconvenient distance expensive or common, of new forms, and in the utmost
from the frontier, where alone, except in times of war with variety of colour and design. English mete has undoubt-
Europe or America, any external danger is to he appre- Idly been touch improved during the last half-century,
especially since the close of the lest European war. Foreign
hendol." Sir Benjamin le Urban is however our principal
authority fur the advocacy of this measure. The same rca- styles and patterns have, by their real excellence, and the
son applies to the proposed capital being made con- preference so lung 'dimwit for them, stimulated our imitation
tiguous as possible to the frontier; whilst the advantage of of them ; and; aided by schools of design, have given a
a seaport over an inland station requires no comment ; and marked impulse to the spread of more cornet ideae upon
we had from the mouth of the naval officer—who was in this subject. This has taken place anumget manufacturers,
1846 sent in one of her Majesty's vessels to inspect and re- in the first last:wee, and then, with almost unhoped-for
port ou the cutmnee of the Buthalu river—a most Lesion'.
rapidity, has included the more huge us minuet our
able account of the results of his visit, as to ita capabilities in workpeople.
In no period of the history of manufactures, whether of
many respects; which statement was further corroborated
by the master of a merchant vessel, which lay at anchor Italy, Germany, Belgium, or France, has there ever been
recorded such mtiefactory progress, within any finer% yeam,
there fur several consecutive weeks. By dealing with
as bus been witnessed in our own country since Ift:11, in apply-
the supreme paramount chief of Kattirlund, and making
nip the arts of design, and in working out the true principles
him the sole responsible agent --the loop-hole through
of colouring and style. This is not the prevailing opinion
which the inferior chiefs have hitherto coustantly evaded
upon this point, yet there seems no just realm to doubt the
the execution of every convention for the repression of
fact, which may well challenge thyroid. The surprise is,
plunder would he effectually closed; fur when any robberies
not that so little has been done, but that so much has been
had been committed, the latter mutually criminate and lay
accompliehed. Decades have sufficed here for approachimg
the blame uu each other or the people of a neighbouring
a point of excellence to reach which required centuries
tribe: whiled the plundered cattle is in the meantime
abroad. We Sc,' not amongst the dimuti-fied as to our pro-
very quietly shuttled elf—like a purse or pocket-hand-
grem and position : it is truly a hopeful one.
kerchief in a crowd, from one pickpocket to another—until
securely deposited in the very "kraals" of this said The euttjoitnel puesages completely expose the
" Great Chief," somewhere beyond the Kei or the Bashee groundlessness of the tint' that an undue share of
—whilst the Great Chief himself is professing unbounded the advantages of the exhibition will fall to fo-
indignation at, and total ignorance of, the whole transaction, .•
rt triers.
until the ferment of inquiry having subsided, the limey is
equitably divided amongst the actual thieve., whilst he, the
Great Chief, keeps the lion share, in consideration of the
part he has performed in the above comedy! This comedy,
or rather farce, has now been 'allowed to go through Mr too
many acts; it Was performed to perfection in the Kaffir war
of 1834-4, when the great chief Hintze professed the mood
perfect innocence on the subject of the robberies then com-
mitted, and yet a great part of the stolen cattle was followed
up and taken by Colonel Smith, as far eastward as the hanks
sat the Basher., whilst the rest was driven beyond reach, still
further into the interior; and hints.., after vainly Attempt-
ing to betray that gallant and enterprising officer, and lead
him and his small force into an ambush, justly met the
reward of his treachely, by being shot whilst in the act of
making his escape.
Kral, the son of Hintz; and the actual paramount chief
of Kethrlaud, was lately, and is perhaps at this moment,
playing the selfeame game, which will do doubt continue
until the plan which we here ree ttttt mend he adopted and
put in force ; then, and not till then, will robbery be ar-
reefed, and rulonial cattle graze in security..
The reason fur recommending the river Kei to be
taken up a. the eastern boundary .4 the colony, is founded
on its superior ca(iubilitica of defence; the banks of the
Fish River and Ketskamma being too much broken and in-
den ted,intersected with mvi nes aud denselyievered with bash,
to admit of its ever being adequately guarded, with what-
ever number of troops—against Kaltir incursion; whilst the
justice of the measure itself (if we obtain pomessiim of this
territory) is unquestionable, resting as it does on its bring
our only secure means of iself-defenee; the moult of a war
whittlers., forced upon us; and moreover ours by rigght of
conquest—the very tenure by which the Kaffir' theineelves
hold this territory to the total exclusion of its former inha-
bitentie the Hottentots.
"It ppears to mc," says Cul. Collins in his official re-
port, "gnat the steps necessary to be taken fur the perma-
nent tranquillity of the eastern districts, are to oblige all
the Kaffir.; to withdraw to their own country; to oppose in-
surmountable olestueles to their return to the colony, and to
remove every inducement to their continuance near the
boundary."
Now, the Kettles' "own country" lies beyond the Kci,
wither we recommend their being again driven; and should
precedent he required in justification of such a step, we
have X parallel case in that of the ceded ten itory," for what
was allowed to be just and necessary in 1819,—the same
and additional causes of provocation having since been
given—must be admitted as equally requisite and equitable
1817.
The measure first referred to is perfectly similar to the
one here recommended; fur it must he borne in mind, that
the teatimes...ire were then expelled front this usurped ter-
ritory. and only subsequently and most onsolvisefily Oat our
part, allowed t.. re ms cut.) ceitahi portions of it on suffer-
' once, and the promise of good behaviour; which promise
they kept with " Kaffir" faith, nor failed as usual to repay
our kindness in Kaffir currency, or with the
greatest ingratitude; for according to the interpreta-
tions of these barbarous savages, " forbearance is
weakness ; indecision is want of courage; liberality a want
of undetedunding." and we may add, good faith an un-
deniable mark of folly. Experience, and dearly bought
experience, has sufficiently proved that the moat stringent
measure's are requisite to keep three barbarians within the
limits of their ova boundaries; and therefore it is, that we
recommend the *every, though necessary measure of doom-
ing to death or deportation every male Kaffir so offending,
and whether or nut detected in the actual commission of
crime. The offineler to he shut, or otherwise destroyed—
in the event of offering resistance or attempting escape; and
if captured alive, that he be turned to some account, and
made to defray the expenses of hid keep, by being forced to
labour as a COnuiet on the roads, or other public works, iu
some remote part of the western districts—during a cer-
tain number of years fur the first offence—for life if again
caught transgressing; in short, to put a price on the head of
every Kaffir, whether taken dead or alive within the
limits of the prescribed boundary.
Such stringent measures may at first sight appear to
savour of cruelty, and will no doubt be cried down by many
in this age of pseudo-humanity ; but extreme evils require
violent remedies ; whilst the first and certain punishment
of one offender might deter many others from the commis-
sion of a similar offence. In a very Mort time, when these
treacherous savages found they were nu longer trifled with,
not only would property be respected, but human blood—
black and colonial—would soon evase to flow ; and a mea-
sure reprobated by many as inhuman, would, we doubt not,
be found to produce, in the end, most beneficial effects both
to colonists and Kattirs.

AN ovum-rum IMPUTED.

Before quitting the investigation of these direct bene-
ficial results of the Exhibition, it is primer to notice the
only material objections which haw been made to it in this
country, of a conuni•reial kind. Some writers lout openly
alleged, what many manufacturers and others have secretly
feared, that foreigners would derive more instruction from
us, than they would communicate to us, by what will be
seen tutu learnt there. Consequently, that the balance of
advantage will he against us. Smite think, greatly
against us. Nut so. and for these reasons. Almost all,
our superiority consist., at present, in the exteut and
excellence of our mac! Ty. The foreigner can obtain
all he wants to know, trout our periodical descriptive nith-
lications ; or to possess, from our anwhine builder+, who are
always happy to execute orders from whatever quarter they
may come. So, then, we have little to impart which they
cannot already obtain with ease. lint it is far otherwise
with their articles of taste, of many of which we know
little at prevent ; and as to the taste itself, we cannot buy
it ; we can ouly seek to get imbued more thoroughly with it,
by imitation of their goods, and by corresponding efforts of
our own minds and genius. The silk untie, the print trade,
and the lace trade Of Englund, were never put on a baiting
to compete successfully with those of the continent, until
each of them was thrown open, and foreign pniducts were
let in to act as a stimulus to the improvement of our own.
The perfectly satisfactory result is now well known.
It is also prognosticated, thatthis display of lineign goods,
wrought, it may be in some instances, with superior skill;
will induce on the part of the English themselves, a diver- •
sion from the consumption of home-mule articles, in favour
of a present and permanent import of these foreign novel-
ties. That our shop-keepers will seek more estensively
from the continent those supplies that they have been ac-
customed to obtain from our own seats of manufacture.
And that thus, to some extent, our home trade must suffer.
But foreigners, front countries where our goods do not re-
ceive free admission, who may visit OW Exhibition, are as
likely to fall in lose with our cheaper articles, as we with
their high-priced, though in some instances, a elegant
ones. They may obtain a few rich occasional English cus-
tomers ; we shall more than reciprocate the gain, by toying
firm hold upon the demand from millions, who because
hitherto deprived of the opportunity of buying our medium
and lower priced goods, can scarcely afford to clothe them-
selves at all. Ruth objections would seem to be untenable.
Notwithstanding any slight variation in the amount of
our manufactures required by particular countries, the
direct ultimate commercial tendency of this Exhibition,
would appear of necessity to he an improvement in the qua-
lity and style of the supply, and the consequent inercusis
in demand, with its uniform result of enlarged profits to the
capitalist and manufacturer, and better wages to the work-
people.

Our notice shall conclude with some striking re-
flections on the

TINE AND 'mac% OP 1115 T.XIIIRITION.
From a variety of causes', it is probable that the World's
Exhibition could not hove been established in any other
capital than our own. Nowhere elm is dieresuch absolute
toleration of all ideas, and the entirely free expres-iun of
opinions. It is because we exercise this freedom that wo
are side; and, in the nudst of the mast noisy contmversies,
whether political or theological, remain firmly attached to
the throne, quietly submissive to the laws, and steady in
our adherence to the great practical truths on which our
national institutions rest. '1 his activity on the surface. of
English soeiety, and absolute quiet at its base, is that which
most surprises foreigners. It is our happiness to leave so
favourable an occasion of presenting fur their study and
adoption, the habits and comforts of English lift., restrained
by no political despotism, nor marred by the still worse
tyranny of a ribald sod lawless anarchy.
By dear-)aught experience we have learnt to be at !beam
with all other nations, and with each other. Therefore,
we open the metropolis of the empire to the inhabitants of
the universe, that they may visit it without passport or per-
mission, question, or hindrance. All are welcome who will
come, and, when here, they may pursue their various trains
of inquiry, business or pleasure, as they choose. We ran
afford to let them ride their hubbies, very much in their awn
fashion. The bloodless combatants on the field of chess—
the earnest philanthropists meeting in educational strife—
the synods of divines—temperance advocati..—anti-slavery
delegates—agricultural representatives— British aviocia-
tionists—admirers of New England, or of Young Italy—
adherents of Luther, or of the l'ope--all may pursue their
callings on this free arena of the holiday of the world—with
one easy proviso—that they keep the peace. Truly it is a
jubilee to mankind, and special cause of happiness to Eng-
lishmen, that the sound of the silver trumpets which pro-
claimed it, though soon heard with Boron, and delight
amongst the valleys and mountains of far-off lands, tint
went forth from the shores of this home of liberty, order,
industry, peace.
The ways by which the inhabitants of the earth ma
come together upon this occasion, have beet. opned lip and
made plain iu an equally extraordinary manner. Twenty._
five years ago, not one-tenth of our expected viMors could
have travelled hither, from want of time ur money: steam-
Louts and railways have strangely diminished cost, fatigue,
and time. Kingdoms then inaccoutible, xs if dosed
up by brazen walls, are now interlaced together by bands
of amity, although formed of iron, and will send hitherward
their thousands of curious strangers. The finances or the
world hare been heavily taxed to supply these mum, for
locomotion, but with wonderful results; and, amongst the
!tetanal.", thaw."
gathering
rbti4nisret.iniedeinresedt paezidliclrefidliyurthwe
till.
of

In conclusion, we may refer all who are interested
in the proper management of Cape aHhirs to this in-
teresting volume of personal experience, given forth
with a manly regard for truth, irrespective of party
prejudices.

The Commercial ,Aspect nj thrGreat Exhibition. By W.

. ,
}•ELKIN, I.L.S.
This pamphlet is the work of the Mayor of Not-
tingham, one of the local commissioners of the Exhi-
bition, and is designed to substitute definite ideas for
the vague and erroneous notions which still that in
many minds concerning the great event of the year.
With this object the author first explains what are
not the objects of the promoters of the exhibition,
and then shadows forth some of the results which
may reasonably be expected from their work. From
the second chapter we extract the following passage
ou the
LNFLUENCE OF THE EXHIBITION ON THE Cif:BLITT or

tow MODITIES.
The cycles of depression through which trade has permed,
united with the influence of great competition, have created
a constant desire and tendency to cheapen goods, by lower-
ing their actual quality. This has been accomplished by the
use of a smaller quantity of materials, or of inferior
quality; by putting them together with loss labour, or
employing less instructed workpeople sometimes by
combining a part of each of these means to produce the
intended and—a low price. This has been carried out
far as to be injurious to the character of our textile fabrics
and hardware in foreign markets. In trade, as in every-
thing else, what is worth while doing at all, it is wisest
and most profitable to do well. Solidity and excellence of
materials and workmanship Eire necessary to
.the use and
durability of articles ; therefore the lowest-priced are often ,
the dearest goods to the consumer. It is • common notion
amongst manufacturers and workmen, that the sooner
a thing is worn out the sooner it will be replaced;
the les* durability, the more demand Neither of these
,classes, however, buy their coats or shoes on this prin.
eiple. The true ground of safety and hope for eaten- I
sion in almost every branch of business, es the dura.
bility of the articles made in it. The power of purchasing
is limited, and as people buy things only for use, those
which look the best and last the longest will be preferred.
In the end the market furnishing such will take the de-
mend. Cloths made up partly with flour paste, instead of
all wool ; knives, scissors, and razors composed of soft iron,
instead of steel ; stockings or lace, wrought of inferior in-
stead of the best spun yarns; prints, whose colours will not
stand a month's wear; together with all mere deceptions
as to quality or quantity, are so many instances of eft mts
to attain apparent cheapness, discreditable and dangerous to
any business in which they are employed. They also in-
volve, usually, a positive and great waste of labour. Fur
the labour necessary to produce the inferior, is but little
less than that which is required to turn out the better article.
A yard of cloth which costa fifteen shillings may last twice
as long as a yard that costs ten shillings; in the end, this
waste of power must be chiefly at the expense of the
workmen.

Upon no claw of facts will the Great Exhibition tell
more plainly or powerfully than upon those ju.t referred tu.