The Express.
London, England, 1862-09-08 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1862.

and heavy laden, are seeking rest. If, however, we
have been asking for too much in the new Arch-
bishop, at least we may hope to be preserved iron
the exaltation of voluble episcopal pamphleteers,
whose crude and rash judgments have been known
to turn doubt into despair.
We have made no reference to those family
claims of divines to conaiderstion which it is usual
to discuss at a time like this. We prefer to believe
that Lord PALMF.RSTOW will on this occasion look
only at qualifications and courageously appoint the
best man.

Walla most other departments of business are
marked by the dulness incidental to the season ;
while the Stock Exchange is almost deserted, and
half the partners and employs in every commer-
cial and financial establishment are to be sought
at the seaside or the lakes, on the moors or the
continent—anywhere except at the well-worn
desk—the cotton trade continues characterised by
a most remarkable and exceptional excitement.
There is still nothing in the whole course of com-
merce to compare for a moment in point of impor-
tance with the movements in this branch. The
result, so long apprehended, appears, in the opinion
'of most persons, to be drawing nearer and
nearer—namely, the complete exhaustion of
the stock of an article of prime necessity. Those
who have not watched tho progress of events may
indeed be startled at learning that the entire stock
of cotton in port at Liverpool is now reduced
to little more than enough for a single week's con-
sumption in ordinary times. Of American cotton
there is only sufficient for half a week's former
average consumption. The natural inference
would be that nothing remains but to arrest the
stroke of industry throughout the manufacturing
districts, to shut up every mill, and to throw the
whole host of operatives upon . the poor-rates, or
rather, upon that wider and exceptional measure
of national bounty which in such case would
become imperative. Bad, however, as the
case is, it fortunately has not yet arrived at so
extreme and calamitous a pass. At the present
reduced rate of consumption there is still enough
cotton to last for three or four weeks longer—say
till beyond the end of September, and a temporary
rescue is at hand from India. The excitement in
the Liverpool market has at last produced •
tangible response in that country, and, under the
stimulus of the unprecedented prices offered, the
quantity of East Indian cotton ou the way to
Great Britain has now been raised to 462,000
bales, being about 100,000 more than was on the
water at the corresponding period of last year. It
has now become a mere question of hand-to-mouth
supply; and, as the cotton trade strains its eyes and
scans the ocean, it sees with a feeling of deep,
though perhaps only transient relief the prospect
of the arrival of about 200,000 bales towards the
end of the present month, just as the existing
stock here will be almost entirely used up, while of
the rest of the Indian supply at sea, and men-
tioned above, the bulk ought to arrive in the
course of the ensuing six weeks. It is anticipated
that for two or three months the shipments from
India will decline, by way of reaction after the
effort just made. It may be so, but we are
not sure that sufficient allowance has been
made for the immense attractive power which will
be exercised by the exorbitant prices now current.
Even in such case, however, it is a matter of relief
and congratulation to see how India, with her for
despised production, steps in thus effectually
and beneficially between our cotton operatives and
starvation. India may now indeed be depicted as
staving off absolute want for a period of some
week', or even months. The fact that a portion of
the much needed supply is close to our doors, com-
bined with the accounts of the activity occasioned
in the producing districts and shipping ports of
India, has already had some effect during
the last two or three days in the Liverpool
market. At the commencement of last week
speculation was wild and rampant as ever, and
prices leaped up enormously every day, but there
has since been a pause, for the reasons assigned;
and, though quotations are still much higher than
they were seven days ago, the extreme prices of
the week are no longer obtainable. It is true
that the cotton at hand is in quantity only sufficient
to give a working supply, and nut to afford hopes
of a real replenishment of our exhausted stocks ;
yet, after the anxiety which has lately prevailed,
even this is a great gain, and, on the whole, it
seems probable that the stock in port at Liverpool
has seen its minimum for some time to come.

As to the prospect of employment increasing
in the manufacturing districta, there is, unhappily,
none. The closing of mills has of necessity been
resorted to more extensively u the stock of cotton
fell, but was not solely determined by that con-
sideration, inasmuch as it was likewise greatly in-
fluenced by the range of prices ; and as there is
no improvement in this latter respect (prices, on
the contrary, being, as already stated, considerably
higher than they were a week ago), it follows
that employment will be further curtailed. This
results naturally from the fact that, to take orders
at the present prices of goods, and to buy the re-
quisite supply of cotton at present prices, would
lead, as a matter of arithmetical certainty, to a
heavy loss to the spinner or manufacturer, and
the extent of such loss would be determined pre-
cisely by the extent to which he might choose to
carry so disadvantageous a transaction. Some
mills are of course in possession of cotton at the
relatively lower prices previously current, and are
steadily engaged in the execution of orders pre-
viously booked, while in certain credit-
able instances millowners keep at work on a
reduced scale, though at a positive loss, as the
beet means of holding their people together, and
meeting the exceptional distress of their respective
districts. There need this be no apprehension of
a universal cessation of cotton industry. Indeed,
now that a certain quantity of Indian and other
cotton is coming in, there can be uo occasion for
so extreme a measure, arguing, as it would, a
virtual abdication of their duties by the employers
amid the greatest casis ever known, the
strain of which must be cheerfully borne,
in due proportion, by every class. Never-
theless, the prospects of employment must
unquestionably vary with the price of cotton,
every rise of a penny per pound meaning—in the
present disturbed state of the relations between
the price of the raw material and that of the
manufactured article—a further diminution of
work for the operatives ; and thus, as cotton has
ruled higher during the pest week than in the
week before, it is to be inferred that more hands
will be idle, and more mouths empty.
Alluding to the reduction of the estimated
stock of cotton in Liverpool to a quantity equal to
less than eight days' average ordinary consump-
tion, an intelligent Manchester authority, from
whom we have sometimes taken occasion to quote,
observes :—" The bare mention of this fact only
" shows too conclusively, after all that has been
" written and said on the subject, how completely
" broken is the reed on which the most important
" trade and industry of Great Britain is made to
" rest—that of anticipated supply from other
" quarters than America." Yet the same reporters

proceed then to enumerate the supply close at
hand from India, and the additional quantity
further off at sea from that country, admitting
practically that, for the time, the famine is
stayed. Let us hope, then, from this very
evidence (the object of which is apparently
to urge • pernicious and dangerous inter-
vention by England in the American contest) that
the " reed " is not " completely broken," but
merely bent. Great Britain has been able to get
on thus far trilhottt that supply of American cot-
ton, the want of which, as the Southerners antici-
pated, was to beggar her and make her ready to cast
to the winds all moral principles and international
obligations. We recognise fully the exceptional
character of the crisis in the cotton trade, result-
ing, as it does, not from a natural dearth
of the article—not from any niggardliness
on the part of nature—but from the abso-
lute withholding of an abundant existing
supply through circumstances beyond our control.
It is believed that there are at this moment in the
Southern States upwards of three millions of bales
of cotton, and • curious calculation has been made
that, valuing this mass of property at only one-
half of the prices now bid at Liverpool, the loss
of interest alone amounts to three millions sterling
a year. tinder these circumstances, the fortitude
with which the deprivation and its attendant trials
are borne in this country is one of the sublimest
spectacles of modern times. There is • great
lack of logic in the tone with which the
subject is treated in many quarters : possibly
logical sequence is not to be looked for where in-
terest or feeling steps in and disturbs the calm ba-
lance of the judgment. Take, for instance, the
tr.ially well-considered and always valuable state-
ment issued once a month by Messrs. Du FAY
and Co., of Manchester. "So far, this year,"
this firm remark. " we have consumed about one-
" half the quantity of cotton which we did in 1861 ;
" but how will it be next year, if the destructive war
"in America should continue ? Our workpeople
" have had at least half-wages compared with
" the preceding year to exist upon ;" and here the
local interest asserts itself, and Messrs. Du
Fay and Co., regardless of all considerations
higher than those of cotton, echo indignantly the
trader's cry that " It is monstrous to think that
" half a million of industrious people should be de-
" prived of the food necessary to life for want of
" an article of which three million bales axe lying
"ready for shipment in America." Out of con-
sideration for the mental effects produced by the
painful circumstances of the time, we may peas by
without further notice the peculiar doctrine latent
in this sentence—which evidently is that, because
our cotton interest has suffered itself to become
almost solely dependent upon America, America
may, under any and every circumstance, be com-
pelled to afford us the usual supply. But we may
venture to think more highly of the prospects of
the cotton trade than of the logic of its most intel-
ligent advocates when we find the same firm con-
fessing, only a few lines lower down, as follows :
" We know from the beat authority that double
" the quantity of Egyptian cottonuaually imported
" is to reach this country next year, but the whole
" production of Egyptian cotton is comparatively
" small ; nevertheless, everything helps, and it is
" now generally believed that ma if the American
" supplies fail us in 1863, we shall be able to keep
" the factories employed at half time with the cot-
" ton coming from other countries." The cotton
trade, then, need not utterly despair, upon Messrs.
Dc FAY and Co.'s own showing, even should the
war in America continue throughout next year.

LATEST INTELLIGENOL

GARIBALDI.

The news of Garibaldi's wound in the foot
laffords ground for anxiety. Although the telegraph
has repeatedly said that there is no projectile in
the member, other accounts tell a different story,
and the France, yesterday evening, affirms that
1" the ball has not yet been extracted." Dr.
Denegri, a personal friend of Garibaldi's, who
was sent for by telegraph, saw him on the sth
instant, sounded the wound, and expressed a wish
Ito have a consultation. In the meanwhile he sent
to Genoa for some ice, the application of which he
ordered as a precaution against gangrene.
Three deputies, MM. Mancini, Crispi, and Fer-
rari, have offered to defend Garibaldi before what-
ever tribunal he may be tried.
The Italian government persists in withholding
from publication the report of General Pallavicini
upon the affair of Aspromonte, and this silence
gives rise to conjectures and statements which are
discreditable to the general in command of the
royal troops. It is said that the Bersaglieri ap-
proached the Garibaldians with the shout, " Viva
Vittorio Emmanuele !—Viva Garibaldi !" which
was reciprocated by the volunteers. When within
a short distance, the troops suddenly bred. Gari-
baldi was hit by the first discharge and fell. All
the subsequent fighting took place around his body.
The Ihritto publishes the letter of a Garihaldian
officer, written on board the Duke of Genoa frigate,
I in which we read :

When the general received the bullet he was passing
slung our front of defence, outside the first line, situated
on the elope of, the undulating ground which forma a little
bill close to a wood of fir trees. He was there
ordering the men not to fire. I saw a slight
shiver of his body. He took two or three steps, and then
began to stagger. We ran to him, and, holding him up,
placed him upon the narrow border of the wood. It would
be impossible to describe to you the scene at this
moment. The wounded lion, regardless of his suf-
ferings, was truly great in his indignation, and
superb anger. Raising his cap on the back of his hand, he
cried " Viva Italia! Viva Italia!" It was a sonorous, pro-
found, Titanic cry, which ctme from his heart. I
had his poor foot resting on my thigh ; and when
in his exaltation he apostrophised the assailants,
and as he cried out to them, and as he looked at
the guard and asked them what they did with his followers,
I felt a shivering in all his limbs, and, reminding him of
his wound, I implored him to be quiet. They
constructed, as well as possible, a sort of hand-
tarrow, and the same evening at sunset the sad
convoy commenced to defile from the Caacina del Forestall,
which is in the middle of the plain of Azpromonte, to the
hut of a shepherd named Vincenzo, whom I have known
siooe 1860. If you bad seen Garibaldi carried on to the
frigate ; if you had Nell him hoisted in his litter
upon the deck, half raising his body, with his serene
forehead, with his fascinating eye, speaking in his
favourite Genoese di►lect to the commander and
the officers, advising them himself as to the move-
ments of the litter ! It was a magnificent spectacle, and
we ourselves, despite the grief of seeing him wounded, could
not escape the effect. All this seems to me a dream. I can-
not realise the idea that the general is with us, that the
lion of a hundred battles lies there bleeding, unable to

move. • • • •

The Mocimento of Genoa gives the following par-
ticulars as to the place in which Garibaldi is con-
fined. The building, which contains six rooms,
has no furniture whatever, with the exception of
some mattresses stretched on the ground for
prisoners. The kitchen contains no other
articles than two magpies, which often hop
over the whole house. The food is not bad,
but it is served without any tablecloth. The
general's chamber alone presents any appear-
SUPe of furniture. It is not very large. The walls
have been at one time covered with velvet paper,
which uow hangs down in shreds. There are two
great cupboards of wretched appearance, and
painted yellow, four or five chairs, a little table,
on which stands a brass candlestick with a tallow
candle, and the bed where Garibaldi is lying. " This
bed is worth notice. The mattress is of doubtful
thickness. There are four bolsters, but two are with-
out cases. We ought to add that M. Ansaldo, the
commander of the fort, and Colonel Santa Rosa try
to mitigate by their manner the harshness of the
orders of the Rattazzi ministry."

THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE
DEPUTIES.

The reply of the President of the Chamber to a
letter addressed to him by 29 deputies, who begged
him to ask for explanations from M. Battazzi of
the arrest of some of their colleagues, is published
lin the Italian journals. The president states that
directly he heard of the arrest be went to the Pre-
sident of the Council of Ministers and asked for an
explanation. M. Rattazzi replied that he did not
believe the inviolability of deputies could be invoked
during the prorogation of the session, and that the
deputies Mordini and Fabrizzi had been taken
fingronte &lido. The President of the Chamber
goes on to say that he does not possess, in his
opinion, the right to act in the name of the cham-
ber, unless that body have previously de liberated
uponthematter ; and that as any deliberation of the
chamber during the prorogati on is null, be does not
, wish to subject himself to receiving a lesson in con-
stitutional law by interfering in his official
capacity. "But," he adds, "if these con-
sideeations have dissuaded me from adhering
officially, and in the character of president, to the
document drawn up by the twenty-nine deputies,
I am sure that they will believe that as much as any
one I shall take officious' means, such as may
seem most compatible with the dignity of the
assembly and the defence of its prerogatives and
guarantees—the common object of all the deputies
of the Italy which we have the honour to re-
_
present."

M. Crispi has addressed the followiug letter to
the Diritto:

Sir,—As the tribune of the nation is now silent, I avail
myself of your paper to denounce to the country the machi-
nations
of • political party that purposes to govern Italy
with the violence of a state of siege. In the mouth of Juoe,
unknown persons, having all the appearance of provocative 1
agents, presented themselves to me with offers of service for
political ends of a natnre that no honest man would listen to.
From the beginning of July I was continually accosted in
the Carignan° Palace, in the streets, at my own house, by
young men much of the seine stamp as the famous Troglia,
i of the Acerbi cause notoriety, who unceasingly asked me to
get them enrolled for Garibaldi. These cowards seemed to
desist front their malpractices, after I had recourse, on
the Itn of August, to the Questor Chiapupi, and
charged this magistrate to turn his attention to
1 the discovery of all these proceedings. After •
stop was put to the attempts of these pretended
1 partisans, and of those who feigned • wish to enlist, another
and not less immoral plot was laid to entrap me. On the
! 10th of August • captain in the army came and asked me
: for some money, that he might desert and join Garibaldi ;
I and on the 30th of the same month, the morrow of the
massacre of Aspromonte, • workman who said he belonged
to the printing-office of the Espero (a government or
'moderate paper), came to ask my advice for-
organising • popular demonstration in Turin. Faith
ful to the plebiscite of October 21, 1860, of which I
was one of the authors, my enemies should have known
• that my loyalty and my duty forbid my offending the law,
and, therefore, that their foul contrivances have been and
ever will be ineffectual. Nevertheless, they return to
i the charge ; and to-day they have given me notice
that the police intends to arrest me, of its
own special will (sun maw proprio), in contempt

of the 26th and 45th article' of the statute, which, as a
cigar and a deputy, I shall still and can invoke, in
defence of the freedom and of the inviolability of my
perm:. I can understand that Commendatore Rattazzi,
in order to get rid of my importunate presence in the
chamber, may be willing to violate in me the parliamentary
guarattee,violated in my colleagues and friends the Deputies
Mordini and Fabrisi. I defy him and his lawyers, however,
to take criminal proceedings against me, that will not
prove at least as clumsy and ill-founded as those taken
against Colonel Acerbi. In any cue I shall remain at my
post ready to combat by all legal means, and to disclose to
the nation the: I)ecembriat designs and deeds of an anti-
national government —Behave me, &c., F. Cabo%
Deputy to the Parliament.

EXPitEss FituM PARIS

(FION 00ft OWN CutIRESPONDINT.)

PARIS, SUNDAY EVLtING.

Much has been said and written on the subject
of alleged meditated changes iu the French
ministry. It is needless to observe that such
changes under a system in which ministers are
mere secretaries are of comparatively small signi-
ficance. Attributing to the subject, therefore, the
exact weight which is its due, and no more, I be-
lieve I can safely say that the only change of the
slightest importance likely to occur is the secession
at a more or less remote period of M. de Persigny.
Whether the Minister of the Interior will fall, as is
insinuated, before a court intrigue, or retire at his
own wish, it little matters. But I am given to
understand that he will, iu all probability, not in
any case continue to hold office for many months.
The number of those months will depend upon the
question whether or no the elections for the Corps
Legislatif take place this year. If they do, M. de
Persigny will remain to preside over them ; if the
contrary is the case, M. de Persigny may be ex-
pected to quit office shortly.
I finds remarkable unanimity of opinion here
upon the question of the conduct to be henceforth
pursued by the Italian government towards Gari-
baldi. Neither council of war, nor erection of the
Senate into a court of justice, but amnesty,
complete amnesty. Such is the general cry.
There are, it appears, according to a let-
ter from Turin, something like 2,500 pri-
soners to be dealt with. Say you contrive to
reduce the list by 90 per cent. Even 250 will form
a tolerably heavy calendar. The idea of erecting
the Senate into a high court of justice has appa-
rently been rejected, as presenting legal and tech-
nical complications impossible to deal with. There
remains the court-martial ; but no one doubts that
in the event of an adverse decision (which is inevi-
table) an appeal would lie to a Court of Cessation.
This supreme court would probably declare the
military tribunal incompetent to deal with offences
of a civil and political character. It is known that
the Emperor himself has advised an amnesty. In
the..meantime, delay and perhaps hesitation on the
pert of the Italian government are no more than
natant!. The feeling of the country on the subject
lhas to be ascertained, and the responsibility is great
which weighs upon the constitutional advisers of
the King. .

M. Lavertujon, the editor of the Gironde, writes
an account, in the same number of his journal which
contains a warning for an article on Garibaldi, of an
assault committed upon him by two persons, who
forced their way into his house. The editor of the
Phase de in Loire was lately subjected to a qimilsr
outrage. M. Lavertujon, in a letter to the Pro-
cureur-imperial, declares that be shall hereafter
be obliged to adopt the American system, and write
with a loaded revolver on his table.

The proceedings of a court-martial just held at
Besancon bring to light a very serious military riot
which occurred in July List. A detachment of 311
men of the garrison of Metz, who had volunteered
for Mexico, were ordered to march, under the com-
mand of a captain of the Sth Regiment, to Lona le
Baulnier, there to be incorporated in the 99th, which
was about to go out. They arrived at Dole
by railway on July 14, and the next day pro-
ceeded on foot for the little town of &therm, where
they were to pass the night. It is alleged that the
captain did not properly divide his men into sec-
tions, and that in consequence of his neglect the
subaltern officers found their influence paralysed.
It does not appear, however, that the captain has
been brought to a court-martial. But whatever may
have been the cause, the fact is that the march
from Dole to Sellibres was most disorderly, and
the soldiers entered the latter town tumultuously,
singing obscene songs, and rushing wildly into
drinking shops. Many of them got drunk before
the captain had time to distribute the billets. A
man named Leroy,who quarrelled about the amount
of his reckoning, was arrested by the gendarmes,
whom he resisted with violence, and attempted to
stab with a knife. In the evening the soldiers
turned out, made a riotous demonstration in front
of the Hotel de Ville, and afterwards marched
to the captain's lodgings to demand the release of
their comrade Leroy.' The captain felt it necessary
to promise that Leroy should be set at liberty
within an hour. This promise was not thought
sincere, for the men soon began to cry "Down
with the captain—we will throw him into the
water!" A hundred of them fixed bayonets,
snapped percussions cape, to strike terror, and
threatened to drive in the doors of the Hotel de
Ville. They were only appeased by the release of
Leroy, and then they carried him in triumph
round the town. The next day a section of the
troops, headed by a man named Rouiller, refused
to march with the rest, and hoisted a Garibaldi
flag, made out of red handkerchiefs tied together.
In consequence of the above events eleven of the
men were brought to a court-martial. The
necessity for indulgence was evidently felt
by the military authorities. Extenuating cir-
cumstances were admitted, otherwise some of the
men might have been condemned to death. As it
was Rouiller, the ringleader, was sentenced to ten
years' hard labour in public, works, and two others,
who had made use of their arms, to fifteen years of
the like punishment. Two were acquitted, and
lighter sentences were passed upon the reniainder.
Such serious infractions of military discipline
are no doubt rare in the French army, but I think
there have been more frequent instances of them
lately than heretofore. A very gross case of sack-
ing a wine cellar, on the line of march, was before
the public not long ago, and the scandalous street
fights of the carabineera at Versailles must be yet
fresh in your recollection.

THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON AND HIS SCHOOLFEL-
Lou's. --The commemorative banquet of the old ponds of
the St. Anne public school at Aupburg took place a few
days ago. The local Gazeitt publishes en autograph letter
of the former ClitinOli the Emperor Napoleon,eddreseol to
Dr. Hertel, who took the chair on the occasion. The
following is the text :—" St. Cloud, August 30, DV-
-Monsieur le President,—l have heard with gat
interest of the intended meeting of the old pupils of the
Lycee of Augsburg, who wish to celebrate by a banquet the
remembrance of former years of studies passed together:
and I desire, es an old schoolfellow, to take part in ides 03
that pleasing fife. I have never forgotten the time whirls
I mimed in Germany, where my mother found a noble b%-
pitality. and where I eojoycd the first blessings of (dura-
tion. Exile supplies sad but motel experience. It teabes
• knowledge of foreign nations, and an unprejudiced
appreciation of their good qualities and of their
value ; and if we are afterwards fortunate enough to re-
turn to our native land, we nevertheless retain the riveit
pleasing remembrance of the countries where we lase 1,aa,01
our youth—a remembrance which endures in spite of tree
and political occupations. Your meeting gives me an oppor-
tunity of expressing those sentiment.. Receive them a" A
proof of my lively sympathy, and of the oonekleration with
which I em, yours affectionately—HAPOLDON." -tfter
reading the letter the president delivered • few expressiom
of gratitude, and gave the toast of " Napoleon, our old
schoolfellow," which was immediately transmitted by tele-
paph to St. Cloud.
In St. Louis, Missouri, all business is suspended
between 4 p.m. and 7 p.m., and those three hours are de.
voted to drill.

-
miedTbesedUntecivereaStawtefaih war steamer Niagara is tlbe

ROYAL FRES 1108PITAL, URAY'R-lEN-ROAD.—The
number el patients relieved at this beapitr.l during the week
eatheg Sept 6 wee 2,942, of which 894 were sew cases.