The Express.
London, England, 1849-06-08 00:00:00

FINANCES.

Thcugh commute *1 affairs and industry have retrieved
their position to ace ram event, the state of our finances
is fa from srisfsetory. The weight of hazardous en-
g semeote contracted by the last government, has rendertd
a. oessery,during the year 1848, a lictridation which has added
o t. • peblie debt en additional ram of 581.01,800 hams.
Oa the other head, the extraordinary expenses entailed by
toe rev...logo° •of February have produeed an increased
debt of 266,498,428 f. for the year 1818, and in spite of the
additional n sources due to the produce of the tax of 45 cen-
ti VOA, sod to the lune negotiated, there will be a deficit of
72,160,000 t. The year 1849 was, according to the budget of
1849, to leave a tithed of 2.5 milions; but facts
have not answered the cleulatlons made, and con-
siderable changes have taken place from union-
! seen c'reumitances; new taxes of which the produce'
was valued at more than 90 millions have not been voted,
and not only has the salt-tea been reduced two thirds, but
the from the Yon-office has been for below toe
amount hoped for ; the defect Sores en will thus amount to
180 soil ion-. Atiother uutzdected lac: has eggrarat.d the
situation. The tax upon drinks, of which the amount
excluded 100 millions, required to be lessened and sirapli-
'kd by a new lam which woult has aids it
harmonise with the spirit of our institutions; bas' an amend-
ment to the budget of 1849 has abodshed this tax from the
Ist of January, leso, and prescribes another in its stead. It
has now become in tispeassble te reestablish the bilence of
our rec. ipts and expenditure, and this coo only be done by
diminishing • xpenses, and opening up new sources of re
venue. Tuis Mae of OUT HOVAOC!II deserves to be tab a into
merino. co .eideration. However, what must console us, and
give us encouragement, is to think ot the elements of stre.nath
and wealth which our country contain..

IBM NATIOXAL OVARD.
The t a' tonal gaud, whieti h .a every where shows itself to he
alimand with the bast sentiments of its duties, now amounts
to about t .ur m.Eioas of me, , or wk.= 1,200,000 are 'mud
with n.uskets, and which poises' 600 tannon. The organist
ti no' c tome hundred battalions of national guard that
may blmobil.sed is prepared, iu conformi y wi h the deem•
of the 22nd of last July. As for the garde =Aide,
which tea. only eat/aced tot the year 184 S, it has re. a di-
minished from 12,000 ,o 6,000 men, and an amonty hse
thus been made of 7,000,000 t.

Till ARMY.
The army—ever faithful to hocour and duty—has
con iAnd, by its firm a d unshakeable attitude, to re-
pre,' bad passim* at home, and to gvs abroad • just
ids II 01 cur Ertl:4(lb. We have now under aeon a total a
451,000 men, and 93,761 homes. We have 16,495 cannon. It
is teour army that we owe the repose which ezitte in Algeria
A certain aptati in had shown itself amongst the Ara.* end
Kabyles, but our influeecs bas been increased by well coo
biped operations. The works of the harbour of Algiers.
and those teeming to .mprove the ways of ccemnianicatmo, are
proceeding as favourably as toe means mthe budget will
allow, and colonisation shows that itis in progress. The in-
s alleti• and development of our agricultural colonies con-
tinue with seal and perseverance. Our Hart is composed of
the sailing fleet in active savior, comprising 10 vessels of
the line, 9 frigates, 18 corvettes, 24 blip 12 cram-
pons, and 24 l.gbt vessels ; of the steam fleet
comprising, 14 Mote,. 13 corvettes, and 34 avian
Besides the fleet in active service there are vessels reedy fur
sea and in harnoer commission, which form a mares ready
to act at 'short node?. Ths reserve consists of 10 vessels,
16 frigates, 10 steam-frigates, 8 corvettes, and 8 steam avian.
The armament of these vessels requires the services of 958
ofliosn of all ranks, not comprising midshipman, and an
effsetive of sailors of 28,500 men.
No serious disturbances bees taken plan in the
cretonne where the emancipation of the Wachs has
been cool ensated by an indemnity to the *gone' a. An
equitable repara ion will, it is hoped, be ea element of peace,
work, and prosperity. Deverament hopes to leave no-
Welched the colonial sad naval establishments, whilst they
will remain within the provisions of the budget of 1549, mita
it can propose their improvement and development to the
Legiaiative Assembly.
AORICOLTUZI, INDUSTRY, AND COMICIRCI.
Age:culture has received ALL the encouragement that
could be given to it. Sines the 20th of Dements.,
last twenty-wee farm schools have been created, which
form, with the 26 already existing, the first degree of educa-
tion : 122 agricultural societies, and more than 300 cornices,
have had a share of the funds voted for the namoragenneeir of
agriculture. According to the terms of a decree of the 25th
of April, 1849, a commis ion of special men has studied the
potion of agricultural agonies. Government wished to
find the means of maiming most efficaciously the labouring
classes, be bringing the workmen of towns back to the labour
of the fields, and, after the fashion of other countries, to
utilise in favour of the por the veins of uncultivated land.
The expuisation of national horse breeding establish-
ments has been 'rectified by the decree of the 11th of
Deo , 1848. Great progress is shown in this department.
The state of the food of the country is satisfactory. The
crop of 1848, th' ugh less abundant than previmui ones, offers
ample: resources to the country. The intormstito col-
lected as to the growing elope Is very favourable. The ex-
hibition of the podia of French industry was opened OD
the 4th of June. Tne lumber of exhibitors in 1844 was
3,919 ; it is greater, this year, then 4,000.
The 'emotion of ths law upon working association. is in
course of being carried out, and is nearly concluded. Out of
600 demands which have necked the deportment of coo
melee only 80 have yet is be decided upon. Out of the
three millions voted 292,000 f. have been voted to 47 also-
The consulting chambers and chambers of commerce are
about to be c twittered an new bum
The external commerce of France bad risen in 1847
to a total of two and a half billions, of which 1,313,000,000