The Express.
London, England, 1865-06-15 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE 15.

Ottcs more the Oxford University Tests Bill has,
been carried in the House of Commons by 206 to
190. Those who listened to the arguments on
either side would no doubt have been surprised if
yesterday's debate had resulted in any other con-
°huhu, notwithstanding the defection of the
Cuutcsuoa of the EXCHIQUIR, whom the ell-
genies of the time constrained, it should seem,
to contradict his vote of last session on this very
measure. There ere circumstances in which the
most conscientious men are apt to be swayed
by the fear of offending those whom they are
anxious to conciliate. It was acutely suggested
by Mr. Serum that the Oxford Tests Bill might
prove a Tests Bill in nacre Neuss than one. For
whilst Mr. Gcanerown found it impracticable
to vote for the second reading, as be
voted last year, Mr. GATHORICII HARDY, his
rival, improved the occasion, by delivering
a speech not ill-adapted to tickle the ears of his
expectant constituents. Unlike other boroughs,
the University of Oxford is not permitted the pri-
vilege of hustings, and so Mr. GATHOSNE HARDY,
looking before and after, determined to pitch his
electoral stump on the floor of the House of Com-
mons.
On the whole, as the division shows. the
cause of liberality has considerably advanced
during the last twelve months. Last year the
mover of the Bill advocated the measure with
bated breath, and in the spirit of a humble
petitioner. Yesterday Mr. Gammas adopted a
different tone. He apologized that the measure
was not more intrusive, and bovindioated the Bill on
the plainest grounds. The Universities, he said, are
national institutions ; every subject of the QUEILN
is entitled to take advantage of them ; he was
prepared to accept all the consequences of this
principle. Mr. GO6CHZN even ventured to point
out that one effect of the Bill might be to admit
Nonconformists to fellowships. On the other hind,
the Conservative party, led by Lord ROBERT CZCIL,
declared themselves ready to abandon the ground
which they have hitherto held. They no longer
deny that the Universities are national institutions.
on the contrary, they insist that they are national
institutions, in the benefit of which every citizen
is entitled to share. They admit that the testa
now imposed upon lay members of the University
are not to be defended. They offer no objection
to any person proceeding to the degree of Master
of Arts, and even voting for a member
of Parliament. They make no difficulty about
persons of every denomination opening Halls,
to be set apart for the education of Nonconformists
according to their own peculiar views. laded,
it appears that Mr. GLanerons mad. certain pro-
poaals to his colleague, Sir Wusaut Humours,
for the purpose of introducing amendments into
this very Tests Bill, for the purpose of carrying,
into effect such changes as we have already indi-
cated. It is obvious, therefore, that no single
member of Parliament considered the present state
of things defensible. Some alteration is absolutely
required. The only remaining question concerns
the character of such alteration.
It is to be observed that at present no person
can take the degree of Master of Arts or become
member of Convocation without subscribing the
Thirty-nine Articles, and the three articles of the
thirty-sixth Canon. Again, the Act of Uniformity
requires all Heads and Fellows of Colleges to make
a declaration of conformity to the Liturgy of the
Church of England. Lastly, in the Colleges the
Yellows are usually required by the Statutes to
take the degree of M.A., or a superior degree,
which involves the subscription of the Thirty-nine
Articles. Now, the effect of the Bill will be to
permit any Bachelor of Arts to proceed to the
degree of M.A. without signing any test whatever.
And the result will be that any Nonconformist
will be able to vote in Convocation, and to
hold a lay fellowship after taking his degree
of Muter of Arts without signing the Thirty-
nine Articles. These are the privileges which
Lord ROBERT CECIL, the CHANCELLOR of
the EXCHEQUER, and his rival, Mr. GATHORNI
HARDY, are unwilling to concede. They
have no desire to prevent any mac, merely on
account of his religious opinions, from obtaining all
the honour and promotion which can be conferred
upon him by writing M.A. after his name. But
the Bill, they contend, goes much further than
this. It admits Dissenters to be members of the I
governing body of the University, and it violates
the principle which the parents of England hold
sacred—the principle that education must be reli-
gious. To those who take an interest in the suc-
cess of the Bill which has just passed the second'
reading, it is well that the objections which it has I
had to encounter are not of a more formidable
character. It would scarcely be too mach to say
that the only two objections made are transparent
fallacies.
How will Mr. Coscnites Bill admit Noncon-
formists to the governing body of the University
True, it will admit them to Convocation. But Con-
vocation has no power to originate any measure. I
Its powers are confined to affirming or rejecting *el
proposals brought forward. The only body in the
University which can originate any measure is the
Hebdomadal Council. Nonconformists will never
obtain admission into that body unless their
numbers should be seriously increased. And
it is obvious that, as the Universities are national
institutions, and every British subject is equally
entitled to take advantage of them, there is no
reason why, under such altered circumstances, the
rights of Nonconformists should be ignored. The
only reason why at the present moment the Utli•
varsities are still in the hands of the Chassis a

England is because
of England are the
who recognise the *

tions do not hesitate

Church of England
confidence of the nisjority of people
England, it must give way to other powers.
But then we are told that the people of Eng-
land are resolved that their children shall be edu-
cated in certain definite religiose principles, and
that the Tests Bill would render this impossible.
The CHANCELWIL of the EXCHEQUER emphatically
and eloquently declares that the patents of
lend insist insist upon education being denominational
Be it so. But Mr. GLADSTONE entirely failed to
point out how the Bill against which he was
about to record his vote tended to violate this
principle. It has been pointed out again and
again that the security for religious in-
struction is not given by the University
but by the Colleges. The Bill has nothing to
do with the Colleges. If it passes, the very same
security will exist for sound religious instruction as
exists now. The Heads of the various Colleges ere
without exception members of the Church of Eng-
land, and almost without exception in holy ordue.
They appoint the Tutors and displace them. After
the Bill puns they will have precisely the same
power to appoint and dismiss which they have now.
And as the same lectures may be delivered after
the passing of the Bill uat present—as the dis-
cipline and course of study will be left in the
same hands as at present, it is difficult indeed to
understand how the securities for reli-
gious instruction can be in any degree
lessened. Nor is this all. It is said that
the parents of the English youth are
determined to have a denominational system. Of
course they ran send their children wherever
they please. And at present we are informed by
an opponent of this Bill, on what data we know not,
that the University of London has not succeeded
because the education at that institution is secular.
Then it is obvious that if the authorities at the va-
rious Colleges at Oxford were to attempt to imitate
the secular system of the University of London,
they would meet with a similar result. They
would attract no students. The parents would
withdraw their eons from Oxford, and the College
Tutors would lose their emoluments. If, there-
fore, there really does exist a strong feeling in
favour of dogmatic teaching on religions subjects,
the parents of England need no law to enforce
their view upon the Colleges, for they Gan enforce
it themselves.

The ?ton approves of /Ir. Gladetose's new policy.
"Those," it says, " who are net prepared to loos for them-
selves and their children the influence of • university in
whisk educative is distinctly religions could not bat oppose
a commie avowedly introlaced as • step towards- de-
stroyiog that Mimosa lf any measure were iatrolioad
which would not seemearily interfere with the charseter
and domestic regulations of exiting Lonna, it would meet
weak comparatively slight oppoeitiou. Diesatere will
be gladly admitted to • master of arts' degree and
to a vote for the university. Nor, perhaps, would
there be much difficulty in permitting them to
baud halls of their own, sad allowing them
an inflames in the government of the university in respect
of such institutions. Bat • bill which, like Mr. Goschea's,
would forcibly introduce disasters into existirg minfisk
and would thus subvert the religious purpose for which they
were founded, lo vitas of which they in sow supported,
and over which es private inititutione they should Weis
entire oontrol—a measure which thus offers to mollifiable
the university under the plea of doing justice to diameter%
must be firmly opposed, and will, we have no doubt, be
ultimately rejected."
The Pail b squally immersed at the proposal of the tali,
" not only to qualify anyone, no matter what his religious
cased, to obtain the highest academical degree, but so
pleas it in his power to hold any can in the usieemity
open to lay member of the Church of England, by ebaply
declaring himself to be • member of that 00Mtaila011.'
The deraid sathicey *tamWe congratulate
the members of consoostios at Oxford on • happy
agars in Yr. Ciladatoos's vote so the Oxford Teets hboli.
tin Bill. Lest year he roes& for the second reefing,
yesterday he voted against the second reeding of the very
fame bill. It is, perhaps, • matter of regret that • coolest
for the University seat was not impending when the Burials
Bill was under consideration in 1862. It is now some time
Mose Mr. Gladstone has recorded his vote on the same side
m Sir William Ilmthcote."

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