The Express.
London, England, 1848-03-30 00:00:00

the body of Williams Wainwright, aged 30. The deceased
was a horeskeeper in Ransom's Patent Cab-yard, and on
Tuesday afternoon, the 29th ult. was in front of the Bazaar
Tavern liar, Bing-street, Baker:etreet, being at the time the
worse for liquor, when he began " larking ' with another
henekeeper, named Peausk, which ceded in their agreeiag
to have a wrestle. They did so, and both fell on the floor,
deceased's head striking against a bolt in the door, causing
blood to flow from his forehead. The blood flowing freely,
he was persuaded to go to the hospital, whithlr he was
conveyed in a cab. Some time after, Peacock, who was
seated in front of the bar in which the occurrence took pleas,
was accosted by a man named Moore, working in the same
yard as himsell, who sneeringly said, " You've thrown
Wainwright, but not me." He seemed in a great pas-
aion, and, laying hold of Peacock's collar, they were
about having a scuffle when Moore fell to the door, and
being laid on the tap-room table was found to be a corpse.
Peacock was taken before the magistrates at Marylebone
otfli,v, charged with having caused Moore's death, but at the
inquest held before Mr. Watley, the surgeon who examined
the body giving it as his opinion that death was caused by ex-
citement, lie was liberated. In the evidence, yesterday, it was
proved that Peacock and the deceased never had a quarrel,
and that what happened was entirely deceased's own fault.
—Mr. Mall, house-surgeon of the hoepital, deposed that when
deceased was brought there he had a large scalp wound on
the left side, for which the usual treatment was adopted, and
he went on very well till the fourth nay, when erysipelas
ensued, under which he gradually sank, and died on the
24th instant —After some observations from the jury on the
singular and lamentable features of the case, • verdict was
returned of " Accidental death."

DEATH FROM AIR IN A VEIN.
Yesterday an inquest was held at the Red Lion,
Barnes, before Mr. W. Cater, coroner for Rest Surrey, to
investigate the circumstances attending the death of William
Richards, aged 29, a coal porter-
The first witness called was Sarah Richards, who stated
that the deceased was her husband, and resided with her
and their four children, at 22, Chapel-street, Hammersmith.
He died on Saturday last at the house of Dr. Willis in that
parish. lie had been for ten weeks past guttering under in-
flammation of the windpipe. On Saturday morning he left
home about half-past eight o'clock for the purpose of seeing
Dr. Willis, whom he had previously seen. Re would not
allow witness to accompany him, but she understood he was
to have a seton put into his throat. Witness went into the
churchyard to wait for her husband, and had been there
about an ha..r end a half, when she saw a gentleman come
out of the docter'o house, who told her that the deceased
was in a very bad state, and she must prepare herself for the
worst. She then went into the house, and saw her husband
lying on the floor, and insensible. She was informed by the
doctor that his state was owing to the operation. She had
no charge to make against Dr. Willis.
Dr. Willis said the deceased applied to me for advice. He
was labouring under inflammation of the upper part of the
windpipe. I first treated him by leeching, then by blisters ;
and lastly, proposed another method of counter-irritation—
viz., a scion. This is a method by which I have cured
similar cases. Scions have been introduced hundreds of
times in the same part for the disease termed goitre. De-
ceased came to me on Saturday morning about nine o'clock,
and soon after I proceeded to operate. I set him in a chair.
I pinched up the skin with the finger aid thumb of the left
hand, and immediately thereafter thrust in the seton-needle,
armed with a strip of lint. The needle entermi
two-and-a-half inches above the breastbone, and not
at all near the jugular vein, or other large blood-
lefeel. At the moment of its entrance I heard
a slight, momentary hitting found. ' For an instant
I fancied that 1 had opened into &subcutaneous abscess com-
municating with the windpipe ; but almost at the same mo-
ment, when I looked in the man's face, I saw that another
and far more serious event had occurred—that the rushing
of the air was not out from the windpipe, but into some small
vein which had been implicated in the operation. The man
became pale, fainted, and then became rigid and convulsed.
I sent for Mr. Coppieson, the rector—my nearest neighbour;
and despatched a servant to Putney for any medical gentle-
man who could be found at home. Dr. Cormack was with
ni in half an hour. He entirely concened with me as
toe the nature of the accident. We consulted together,
and resolved on blood-letting from the arm, as in the circum-
stances the best thing which could be done. We wished to
relieve the right side of the heart. Dr. Cormack bled him.
Before the bleeding he was almost pulseless. After i-. the
pulse became good, and he seemed every way better. Dr.
Cormack remained with deceased from two till four, when
he died. My opinion is that death resulted from the con.
Tuitions excited by the entrance of air into a vein divided by
me in the trifling operation of the seton. The air distended
the right side of the heart, and thin arrested the circulation.
This is a very rare kind of death. It has however occurred
several times, and in the hands of Dupuytren and of Sir

Antley Cooper.
Professor Syine said, I was sent for to see deceased. ,1
Dr. Willis made the same statement as to the case, which
he has now made. I concurred as to the nature of the ac-
cident, and approved of what had been done to save the man.
Passing a seton in this situation is quite common ; and it
was a proper measure in this disease. In performing the
operation it was impossible to avoid wounding small veins ;
but no foresight could have anticipated such a result, or any
danger. I examined externally the wound of the seton with
reference to the situation of the large vessels, and am satis-
fied that it was so remote from them, that they could not by
possibility be implicated. In my judgment, there was no
want of skill or caro on the part of Dr. Willis. Ile had no
control over what took place. I never saw such a case be-
fore, but have read of them, and have seen experiments on
animals.
Dr. J. R. Cormack corroborated Dr. Willis' testimony.
This witness was of opinion that the deceased died from
convulsions, produced by the admission of air into the veins.
The treatment used to deceased was that recommended by
the French academy, and now being adopted generally. He
thought •posl mortem examination ought to take place.
The jury consulted for a few minutes, and then returned
the following special verdict :
Accidental death, from the entrance of air into a vein in the neck
during an operation performed by Dr. Willis, but the jury cannot
separate without expressing their opinion that such operation was
cautiously and skilfully performed_ and, as appears by the evidence
addueed;the eaid operation was fully warraated be present practice.
After the inquest the body was examined by the medical
gentlemen, who found that the jugular veins and the large
vessels of the neck were uninjured ; and that the heart was
distended with frothy blood, and contained Lome coagula.
These seemed to be csimatial facts connected with the post
mortem.

slightly in consequence of wet getting admission. But these
days of evil are goae, and though the future was still dark and
threatening, yet he trusted in Ood it would bring notating
like the past, nothing but what energy and wisdom, wailing
together, might turn to the itood of our country, and in this
same hope Lord Rosse felt himself justified in resuming his
favourite pursuits with the new year. Dr. Robinson found
that the speculum (whose figure as he had formerly stated
was not quite perfect) as well sa a duplicate one, had, dur-
ing the time referred to, been polished by the workmen; bet
as he apprehended no difficulty in the process it was re.
plated. An unexpected difficulty, however, occurred, which
made much delay, till Lord Rowe discovered the cause. The
rumen of the operation requires that it he performed at the
temperature 65. In winter this must be obtained by arti-
ficial heat, which, however, increases the dryness of the air,
so that the polishing material cannot be kept on the specu-
lum. In this case the surface is untrue, and gives a con-
fused image. This wes verified by the hygrometer, and re-
medied by a jet of steam so regulated as to keep the sir
saturated with moisture. The result was immediate; and
at the first trial the speculum acted so well that it war
unnecessary to try any further experiments. Three addi-
tions had been made to the telescope. 1. The movement
in right ascension is given from the ground by machinery
intended to be connected with a clock movement which
is in progress. 2. To obviate the difficulty of finding ob-
jects, an eyepiece of large field and peculiar construction is con-
nected with a slide, so that it can be replaced by the usual one
lin an instant. It magnifies 208 times, and employs nearly
four feet at the speculum, the same as Herschel's forty feet;
thus giving the power of trying what that instrument might
Shaw. 3. The micrometer is peculiar, a plate of parallel
gime, with a position circle attached. Light admitted at its
sip cant neaps at the parallel surfaces, except they be
foreatehed, and a scale of equal parts engraved on one of
them with • diamond—lurainons in a field absolutely black.
The exceedingly unfavourable state of the weather subtle-
' quently prevented much from being done ; in fact, there was
but one good night, the 11th ult. In the moon he observed
the large fiat bottom of the crater covered with much
fragments, and satisfied himself that one of the bright
stripes, which have been often discussed, had no visible
elevation above the general surface. In the belts of Jupiter,
streaks like those of Pyrrhus' cloud were seen, and the fading
of their brown colour towards the edge is evidence that they
are seen through a considerable and imperfectly transparent
atmosphere. A similar shade in the polar regions, when
little cloud is to be exoectel, seems to indicate that the
brighter hands are cloudy regions, and the more dusky
show the body of the planet. Several nebulm were exa •
mined, and, as formerly all were resolved. That of Orion
is most remarkable. Even before the mirror was perfect,
and in bad nights, that part of it which presents the
strange flocculent appearance described by Sir John
Herschel, is seen to be composed of stars, with the lowest
power, 360. But Dr. R.'s eye required 830 to bring out
the mailer stars, amongst which these are scat-
tered. Having seen them and known the easiest parts,
they were seen with the 3 feet and 500. Dr. R. has seen •
recent notice in which this nebula is said to have been re-
solved by the observers of Harvard University, U.S., with
a Munich achromatic of from 15 to 16 inches aperture. He
his often seen it with Mr. Cooper's of 13.5, a difference easily
to be allowed for, but never saw any trace of resolution. He
does not in the least dispute the observation ; for • precise
knowledge of the place (which Dr. Nichol had mentioned)
with a purer atmosphere and sharper eyes than his are suffi•
cient to account for it; but he cannot refrain from remarking
that the epithet " incomparable," which they apply to their
telescope, would be less extravagant if, in addition to the
two stars of the trapezium which were discovered by the
telescopes of Dorpat and Kensington, they bad seen the other
two which the 6 feet showed at the first glance, after its
polish was completed. Another interesting object is the
planetary nebula, h. 464, situated in the splendid cluster,
Messier, 46, and probably a part of it. It is a disc of small
stars uniformly distributed and surrounded by the larger.
Messier, 64, is a singular modification of the annular form
seen obliquely. The opening seems black as ink, and at
its margin is one of these interior clusters of bright stars se
often noticed before. But the most remarkable nebular ar-
rangement which this instrument Ins revealed is that where
the stars are grouped in spirals. Lord Rowe described one of
them, Messier, 51, in the year 1815 ; and Dr. R. found four
others on the I Ith, of which he exhibited drawings, h. 604
(seen by Herschel as a bi-central nebula), Messier, 99, in which
the centre is a cluster of stars. Messier, 97, looks with the
finding eye piece like a figure of eight ; but the higher powers
show star spirals related I. two centres, appearing like
stars with dark spaces round them : though probably high
powers in a fine night would prove them to be clusters.
Another fact deserves to be noted, from its bearing on
Struve's Etudes d'Astrouomie Stellaire. In that admirable
book, among other curious matters, he infers that the 18-in.
telescope of the Herschel penetrated into space only one-
third of what was due to its optical power. He explains
this by supposing the heavenly spaces imperfectly trans-
parent In computing the limit, however, he assumes that
the milky way ie in its greatest extent " unfathomable by
the telescope." Dr. R., however, chanced to observe it
when it is deepest at 6-4, and is certain that its remote:it
stars wore very far indeed within the limit f the 6 feet,
and very much larger than those of the nebula of Orion.
He concluded by apologising for the limited number of
facts which he had communicated, but mentioned them as
an evidence that their great instrument was again at work.
For the future it would be constantly employed, as he bad
trained for Lord Reese an assistant, en whose zeal and talents
he could rely, and as it could never be turned to the sky
without finding some new wonder, he felt assured of a glo-
rious and unfailing harvest of discovery, which would be at
once a treasure to astronomical science, a reward to the
-.emus master of the telescope, and the noblest of honours

the vessel is nearly full, and the rates likely to advance coa-
siderably. The "man-catcher" is invariably in the pay of
some particular office or company, as they are generally
termed, and is in receipt of from 101. to 20s. per week
for the support be gives to the company is his as.
parity of " man-catcher ;" and to this office he
takes his innocent dopes, with, we'll soy, 601. in
their pockets, and introduces them to one of the clerks
as "old neighbours of his own," from the town
of Longford, with whom he went to school, &e. &c., and
hopes they may be favoured with a good ship, and at a cheap
rate, on his account, and hopes to compensate the company
by bringing others who may be better able to pay higher
rates than these. The bargain is then maul, we'll say for
301., to land them at New York, free of all ether charge,
and the ship to sail nest day. But little the poor emigrant
knows that his false friend gets 71 per cent. on this transac-
tion, or Is. 6d. for every 11.—say, 21. 55., which we call item
first. lie then urges them to come along with him to pur-
chase sea stores, and hays all ready to go on board the fol-
lowing day. Again, everything is pre-arranged for the be-
nefit of the " man.eatr.her." Supposing the family is eight
adult., the cost of the provision and bedding would come to,
say 101., out of which be pockets 12{ per cent., or 2s. 6d. in
the 11--saT 11. Os.; this is item second. Instead of sailing
the following day, the ship is delayed eight days, at a cost
of 6d. a night for lodgings alone, or es. per flay, or 11. 12s.
for eight days—this is item the third.
Origmally ZOO • 0
Less paassge of eight adults £3O 0 0
10 0 0
m rovit4oo
1 13 0
„ toard of adults, Is. 6d. each
per day, for eight days

Balance to land at New York £l3 13 0
The "man-camber" then preaches to him the great inconve-
nience of landing on the shores of America with nothing but
English money, and advises him to bare it exchanged forth-
with. The emigrant at once complies, and at once proceeds
with him to an exchange office to be dollared," as it is
technically termed. litre the poor emigrant is more in the
mist than ever, and knows nothing of the relative value of
the money. Instead of receiving a premium of about 10 per
cent. on the Ll 3 12a., being the current premium of exchange
in favour of this country—

Dols. Cents.
Say in American money 6l 55
The unfortunate emigrants only gets 6O 50
Frogs disiass brewers Use exchange broker and
the ° man-catcher" 6 5
or about 13e. 6d. each. Thus the poor emigrants proceed on
their voyage with their 131. 125., or sixty dollars nod fifty
cents. reduced, by the operation of each to about 121.
,
sterling and that often in money of the , for
which a further discount woulduncurrent be deducted at New States York,
of about 21 per cent., often. Now let us see what the sharper
has made by these transactions, viz. :
One week's wages from the office Lt 0 0
71 per cent on 301, pswwge money
124 per cent.= 10/ , provisions I 5 0
5 per mot. on exchange of 131. 12s ll 11 6
Lislgings for eight nights, at W. each 1 13 0

to is 6
This amount ought to have been in the porkets of the poor
emigrants : in all, 201. 7s. 6d., or equal to 114 per cent. dis-
count on 601. Having been victimised myself, and having
had occasion to return to this country, I have had numerous
opportunities of witnessing their abominable proceedings.
I would suggest that benevolent societies be at once esta-
blished in all seaport towns, to counsel and give advice
gratis to emigrants, to enable them to lay out their money
economically.

CHESHIRE.
I.:IIEERING PROSPECTS OF BIRKENHEAD. The
state of Birkenhead during the last few days has assumed a
more cheering aspect. The dock and warehouse company
have had several meetings in London lately, the result of
which has been mandated in the payment of some trades-
men's bills, and an arrangement to pay off all their debts by
instalments of 20 per cent., each instalment to be paid every
fortnight. Other circumstances have also tended to pro-
once the most cheering prospects, amongst which is
the desire of several large London capitalists to em•
bark money in Birkenhead property. In the metropolis
confidence in Birkenhead is again restored, and will
have, DO doubt, a beneficial effect. We have good au-
thority also for stating that the dock bills are safe, and will
speedily become a part of the law of the land. The govern-
ment bill, to enable them to embark a large aunt on the
bks of Wallasey l, is to be brought into the House of
Coanmmons forthwith; and it is confidently expected that in
the course of the next month the dock works will be recom-
menced with full vigour,--I,Laterfigol. Journal.)—Another
local paper says: "A deputation, consisting of Baron Gold-
smidt, 7. Tollemacbe, Esq., M.P., and William Jackson,
Bros , M.P., have had an interview with the Commissioners
of Woods, &c., the result of which is highly favourable."

BEWDLEY ELECTION.—Two candidates are now in
the field—vis , Lord Mandeville and the Hon. Spencer
Lyttelton, brother to Lord Ly Belton. In his addrese, Mr.
Lyttelton says
I have ever entertained, and am now reedy to uphold, principles of
a liberal and enlightened policy, and to promote civil and religion"
liberty, in their truest sense, w thout endangering the welfare of the
established church. lem decidedly of opinion that the adoption of
free trade will eventually tend to the prosperity of this country ; and
I on, not one of those who attribute the late commercial digress,
which I deeply lament, to the measures which have bees recently car-
ried out by parliament in accordance with its principles. My sincere
desire will be to give general support to the prevent government,
though I shall reserve to myself the right of judging esch question on
I It. own merits. lam prepared to support an altered met.= of taxa-
tion, by which the burden will be more equally distributed and lees
felt by the poorer classes.
The hon. candidate has publicly addressed the electors both
at Bewdley and Stourport.
ESSEX.
DISCOVERY OF A GANG OF BURGLARS.—On Tues-
day a gang of burglars and receivers of stolen goods, who it
is believed have for years infested the lower part of Essex
and the adjoining borders of Suffolk, especially about Hal-
stead, were examined before the county magistrates. The
number of the gang in custody amounted to fourteen, some
of whom were of respectable connexions, one being a farmer
and another a shopkeeper- in TSe 'town of Halstead. The
circumstances which led to the discovery of the gang
were these : several burglaries having lately been COM-
mitted in the neighbourhood, Theerp watch was kept
upon suspected characters in district, and these
having been often observed at • beershop, kept by a man,
named Gooding, it was resolved to search the premicea. This
was done by order of the magistrate:, and various articles of
property which had been stolen front different houses were
found. The keeper of the house wan then taken into custody,
and a man, named Bryant, was also apprehended. The
latter, who was a sort of leader of the gang, then disclosed
to the police the whole of their combinations and proceed-
ings, and, in particular, he named a farmer a short distance
off, named Gould, as one of the general receivers. His pre-
mises were accordingly searched, and in his house, and
amongst the stacks and outbuildings in his farmyard a large
quantity of stolen property was found. The farmer
was, accordingly, taken into custody. The house of
a shopkeeper in the neighbourhood, named Jackson, was
also searched on the information of Bryant ; there a large
bulk of the plunder of the gang was found, and the occupier
wise captured. Another leader of the robbers. named Ed-
wards, was secured, and as the police pursued their in-
quiries, which have been going on for the lint fortnight
member after member of the gang fell into their hands,
ultimately they had from 12 to 15. In four or five cases of
burglary the offence was clearly traced to twe of the pn.
boners, Bryant and Edwards, who were committed for trial
on the different charges, and rat:ch of the property wee
found is the possession of Gould, the farmer, and Jackson,
the shopkeeper; they were also cent for trial so receivers.

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