The Express.
London, England, 1853-03-26 00:00:00

ght erfVtlig.

TO CORHISOPONDRIIT6.
• reeendi Mikaof "The Firma," •bo mate enniatro
feep "is pnilielled every Teariar and right. in time
ort.
kinnumeaselelnlonled tor " The Ea taws." Larks Erwin pew,
meg be at the Men It, Boa vorta.street. yp Tme a'alotk is the
My of ventilation.

NIGH WATIE AT LONDON IMMO'.
Tutu DAI--lkestag. EL Ns Afterbci.c. Si. olei.
3s. Na.

LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 26.

Tut: movement for the rise of wages is spreading,
and not only among the artisans, but among the
rural labourers. The Wiltshire men are banding
together, in a very peaceable and rather cheerful way;
and they are seeing and hearing so much that it may
be doubted whether they will long think the addi-
tional two shillings a week that they have demanded
such a fortune as it seemed to them a few weeks ago.
This stir about the hire of labourers is bringing up
again the question which observers know that they
shall hear asked every few years—how it is that
many labourers spend more than they receive? Any
see who is on familiar terms with cottagers in rural
districts knows that this is a common puzzle to newly
arrived curates, and Government Commissioners.
Get a labourer to tell you what he earns, and his
wife and his boys; and then get the wife to tell you
what she buys for the house ; and
you often find
that you can by no means make the sums agree.
When the curate has been settled long enough, he
begins to see light ;theta this matter ; and the Com-
missioner may get some illumination from the magis-
trates. In moat places where agriculture is pursued,
there is either game on the land, or fish in the
ponds and rivers; and nothing can convince the
hungry lablurer, that birds and fish are not wild
animals, tit and ready to be caught by anybody who
can get them. There are plenty of people about him
to keep him firm in this opinion, and a market open
for the sale of what be can lay his hands on. It is
a notorious fact, through wide districts of England,
that a multitude of labourers help to keep soul and
body together by poaching, who could not do it on
their weekly wage.
The reports of "poaching affrays," and of the
murder of a gamekeeper," and a " poacher shot"—
those titles of newspaper paragraphs, which might
be stereotyped, from the certainty of their being
neeied every wiater—are now re-appearing under
the heading of " Assize Intelligence." Some people
might my that our lamentation might be stereotyped
too, it being a matter of course for complaints to be
made of the game-laws, year by year, till everybody
tired of hearing them. However this may be, there
must be more said and heard about the game-laws—
yet not only because of the mischief they cause
every winter, bet in their relation to the
saw rendition and prospects of agriculture.
The game-laws are not so bad as they were. Within
a few. years there have been great ameliorations. The
leeahsang the sale of game was a great step, and the
giving up the bares was a grand piece of virtue in
the landed wee: ; and the set of the Duke of BED-
FORD and several ether noblemen and gentlemen. in
throwing open their reserves, was powerful in its
spend= en the esetnimmt of their own class. The
poetise divider travelling has acted both as cause
wad Abet is relaxing the anxiety about game re-
dwing at he... The increasing difficulty and dis-
credit II gsWmg at home has disposed our gentry
to go Sift be Norway sad hunting in Germany, or
on the Ameeleanprairise• or at the Cape, or shooting
on our ewe lest& moors; and again, the
racy Osman of such sports as these, unques-
tioned amid wesher.ked, has lessened the estimate of
sport among &Oak stubble*, where there is the
labourer pseplagever the hedge, to take a lesson, or
ItroaLitiesrthe ismisty gaol, corrupting day by day ; or
sambeg to complain of damage and loss ;
and the keel newspaper on the watch for tales of
dieted and disaster. The passion for preserving
gams has certainly cooled down a good deal ; and it
as to be hoped that such a story as the suicide of
Lord fiIItADIMOLI'II two gamekeepers will never
again shock the English public. We may further
admit the farmer's case is a better one under the ex-
isting law than many persons—including farmers—
are aware of. It is true that the farmer is entitled to
all the game that esters his bounds, unless a stipula-
tion to the contrary is made by the land-
owner in the lease, or when the letting
takes place. It is true that it may be called
the farmer's fault if he gaffers from the game while
holding such a power in his own hands. It is tree
that rabbits and hares do immeasurably more ads-
chief than pheasants and partridges, and that hares,
u well as rabbits, Pre now excepted from the privi-
leges awarded to game. It is true that many
farmers, liking sport themselves, have no objection
toe little game upon their land: and that many
more will undergo much lose for the vanity, or real
hospitable pleasure, of affording sport to their land-
lord and his friendi All these things are true : bat
there are some very grave things that are trite also,
'which must and will be well considered under the
sew circumstances of agriculture in England.
By the withdrawal of Protection, the farmer is
practically desired, and understood to be permitted,
to manage his afhirs as well as he can ; to increase
his produedea,to economise his raeons,and improve his
processes in the manufacture of food, as the manufac-
turers of other commodities are understood to do. The
farmer has ne power to do this under the existing
game lawn--walses by a sort of chance. There is still so
much competition for farms that candidates give up
to the landlord their right over the game, almost as
a matter cleanse, where it is desired. The game-
keeper is pretty sure to encourage rabbits, as they are
usually
.his perquisite. The loss of time to the
farmer toning sad ferretting theta is very great;
and, after all, he never rid of them: they eat their
way, right and left, through his wheat, laying it
waste for a fast it more as each side the farrow. If
he comes into his field at sundown, he may often-
limes meat a more of hares eitti4 ready to start
et at the shot which may be Mal to 0n..1
If be takes a look at his beet field at tmeriee. he finds
half a bsadred pharaohs feeding there. The
game-
keeper laughs at hiss, as terrain gartfag gentlemen
laugh at everybody, Ike mpereag that soy number
puaaate eat any mama at ears womb mention-
ing; but asybody who keeps= aviary can limo MOM
ides of what a pimesent's appetite is; sad when the
birds some oat et the carers by basiseir, to asks
Isar or flee mule a day, their maieleimase mute
ap to marithhig men Man any preemie bat ow of
food would admit to. It is ao miasmal
thing for the farmer DI lONE two eras of wheat to
the acre by_ gems, and to find the dump amount to
more than kismet. He cannot be expected or asked
to enders this, now that he is desired to rely upon
his own mannes.

It is not always earingli to advise him to pluck up
spirit, and me his rights, and protect his own in-
terests. Till the competition for farms is a good
duel ndoesd—es it seems likety to be by emigration
—farmers wiU not get out of the old habit of sub-
mission to their landlords; and they must be for-
tified by further reforms in the game laws before
they can avail themselves, with absolute courage and
independence, of those which Imes been already ob-
tained. A farmer who, in • sporting country, does
so, is pretty sure to be ;nada a victim, so as to reduce
to stibmseesos all who witness his case. They, was
one, some time ago, who took • large farm in a
sporting county, on reasonable terms appareutly,l
but without a lens. His landlord had an objection
to leases, as landlords in sporting district+ often
have. The talent made precautionary inquiries
about the gave. sad was told that it would never be
allowed to iueruase to any inconvenient extent, and,
if he could prove damage, he should be compensated
at the a sad. To week he went, and to work
went t gamer fast se be. The pheasants ease
to his wheat-Gads with extreme perseverance, first
feeding ups. the used, then picking off the green
wheat, mad finally feasting on the grain. The harm
and rabbits pawed his turnips, destroyed his tares,
made lanes through his corn, and laid his fields as
bare as • table for a certain distance from hie land-
lord's coven. He complained, was told that he exag-
gerated inormseliy, and obtained a mere pittance
of compematim, granted with • bad grace. He
thought he had rather obviate the damage next
birds
than have to claim compensation for it. The
birds he submitted tn. No measures would avail
against them; but the hares and rabbits
were the mat 'mischievous. He inserted a little
wire netting, two or three feet high, in the fences of

his wheat fields. It was no trifling expense, but it
answered well, for his crops were magnificent. But
be received notice to quit—his landlord observing on
the benefit to himself of a yearly holding, when he
had to deal with a pragmatical fellow like tide
tenant. Now, whether such cases are many on few,
is a matter of secondary commis. We must have
none such. Without attending haw to the question
of lessee, which is a very lqrge ono, we may say that
the game question, as one of contrariety of interest '
between owner and tenant, must be looked to, and
that speedily, if there is to be any justice to agricul-
ture. The farmer sees his chances of a living im-
paired, his property invaded, his toil and care thrown
away, his labourers corrupted, and the gaols which
he helps to support filled with men and boys who
ought to be earning as wages to his advantage what
he pays away unproductively as rates; and the man
who has all this to bear may well complain of hard
measure. Let him urge his complaint fearlessly and
perseveringly, and get his class to join him in it, and
society wilt help him, and stand by him till he has
obtained relief.

FRANCE.

PARIS, PMDAY EV/MINO.

The Patrie last night announced that intelligence
from Constantinople up to March 10th stated that
the political situation "continued to improve." The
Constitution:act this morning professes to give a sum-
mary of the news received, which it mixes up with
intelligence from St. Petersburg It is evident, how-
ever, from the exceedingly meagre statement of the
semi-official journal, that no news of any importance
can have been received, otherwise an article obviously
written for the purpose of tranquillising the Bourse
would not confine itself to the assertion that the " diffi-
culties in the East were leas serious and less impor-
tant" than had been imagined, and that there were
"serious grounds for hope " that these difficulties
would not surpass the limits of diplomatic negotia-
tion. The text of the government explanation of
the present state of the question is as follows:
Intelligence was received yesterday is Paris from St.
Petersburg, and letters arrived from Constantinople of the
10th, being the day after Prince Mensehikoff had his first
audience I. f the Sultan. These various sources of informa-
tion confirm our anticipations. The difficulties which may
exist in the East are less grave and lea extensive than was
at first asserted. According to what is written at the
same time from Constantinople and from St. Petersburg,
hopes may be seriously entertained that these difficulties
will not go beyond the circle of diplomatic negxiations, and
that they will soon receive a pacific solution. M. de La-
tour leaves Marseilles this day. Lord Stratford de Bedell&
has left Vienna for Constantinople, and the internuneio of
Austria is about to return to his post, so that the negociators
will find themselves assembled at Constantinople, furnished
with recent instructions. As to the resolution come to, accord-
ing to some of the English journals, by the cabinet of St.
James's, to keep the Mediterranean squadron temporarily in
the port of Malta, it could have in present circumstances only
• secondary importance. Were the integrity of the Ottoman
empire menaced, England, which is a contracting party to
the treaties of 180, would certainly be the first to defend
them. But if, as it appears, the matter relates merely to the
question of the Holy Places, it is natural that the English
government should not see in that matter either a sufficiently
direct interest, or a difficulty sufficiently grave, to call for the
displacement of her squadron in the Levant, which, in the
position which it occupies at Malta, is already suffi-
ciently near the theatre of the negotiations. In addition,
' the Marseilles journals, which we received last evening, an-
nounce, under the date of the 22nd, that the Caradoe was
still waiting in that port for orders from the British govern-
ment. It may, consequently, be concluded that whatever
may be the decision of the cabinet of St. James's, it has not
yet been forwarded to Admiral Dundee. At all tweets, it
is this day, Good-Friday, that the Egyptus is expected at
Marseilles. That vessel was to leave Constantinople on the
15th, so that we must soon receive such information con-
' corning the affairs of the East as will allow the real state of
things to be exactly judged of.
i ' It s stated by the Independanee Beige that Prince
Mentschikoff had an audience of the Sultan ou the
9th, but that he did not then propose his siiiinsallan,'
and that he was to do so the next day. The news
referred to by the Conalitutionnel, therefore, evidently
I does not comprise the result of the second interview.
'The latest intelligence known in Paris is contained
in the following telegraphic despatch, by way of
Trieste, dated Constantinople, March 14:
Prince Mentschikoff is still here. The new minister,
Rifest Paths. successor of Fuad Effendi, appears to be
favourable to Russia.

This is no news at all. From the very first it has
been understood that Filed Effendi retired under the
influence of Russian intimidation, and that his suc-
cessor was not the free choice of the Sultan. It is
plain since the Sultan sent for the English fleet to
protect him, that if Meat Pacha be favourable to
Russia, the sovereign and his minister cannot enter-
tain the same views. If the hopes generally entertained
here as well min England of a peaceable solution of
the difficultly are based merely upon the expectation
that before either the French or English fleets can have
arrived at the Dardanelles the Porte may have con•
seated to all the demands of Prince Mentschikoff, it
is to be feared that Nicholas, presuming upon the
general desire for peace, will be allowed to gain an
important step towards the ultimate object of his
ambition, the destruction of the Ottoman empire.
The Semaphore of Marseilles, of the 22nd says:
The departure of the Levant packet the Lougsor, has been
postponed until the arrival of the Paris courier with de-
spatches from our Margie' &affairs, at Constantinople."

Despatches from Vienna state that Lord Stratford
de ltedcliffe, British Ambassador to the Sublime
Porte, passed through Vienna on his way to Constan-
tinople, on the 24th.
The Opposition in the Danish Chambers sustained
a defeat at the opening. The two Chambers decided
to make the question of the order of the succession
their first butlers, and accordingly on the 17th the
Premier declared it to be the policy of Denmark defi-
nitively to abandon the claim to the border, of the
Bider. The minority represents the principle of the
integrity of the monarchy, and of the exclusion of the
female bee from the throne, as inscribed in the Lon-
don Convention.

The prisons of Vienna have been found insufficient
for the number of prisoners, and barracks and ware-
homes are being used as auxiliaries. The number of
political prisoners at Pooh is 800; at Comm, 1,800:
and at Arad, 1,800.
The funds to-day have been rather active. The
Three per Cents. have rims 25a for the account, and
36a for cash; the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. rose
36e. for the account, but declined 20c. for cash, as
compared with the prices of yesterday.
The following are the latest quotations received
to-day from other continental bourses by telegraph:
Berlin : Loan Three-and-a-Half per Cent., 93; ditto
Four-and-a-Half per Cent., 103; Four per Cent,
991; Bank, 108 k. Antwerp: Loan Two-and-a-Half
per Cent. 1844, 68; Four-and-a-Half per Cent., 1844,
981 ; Austrian MetalL, 841; Spanish Three per
Cent. Interior, 431. Frankfort : Loan Three per
Cent., 621; ditto Four-and-a-Half par Cent, 77;
ditto Five per Cent Aust, 98; Spanish Three per
Cent, 43; ; Bank, 1,627 ; Belgium Four-and-a-Half
per Cent. 991. Brussels: Loan Four per Cent, 1836,
94; ditto Four and-a-Half 1844, 981 ; ditto Four-
and-Half Con., 1832,98; ; ditto Five per Cent., 1832,
100;; Austrian Metall. 86; Bank National, 1,720;
ditto Belgium, 901.

PARIS, THIMIDAY EVINING.
We are still without any fresh intelligence of a po-
sitive character regarding the Eastern question, and
while the rumours of yesterday are for the most put
contradicted, no new ones worth noticing have arisen
to supply their place. The important statement con-
, taineu in the Union of yesterday, and in a London
journal received to-day, that the Turkish embassy
here had received intelligence, by way of
Belgrade, of the acceptance of Pnnee Mont-
sclultoff's ultimatum by the Porte, turns out
to be wholly untrue. I mentioned last night
the positive contradiction given by the press to this
pretended news, and I find that the Maws of tilts
morning, so far from re-affirming its truth, alludes
to it only as a thing that was " said yesterday."
The London papers bring no confirmation of the as-
sertion that Admiral Modes had been ordered not
to leave Malta ; and it is, on the contrary, inferred
front the fact of ships having been suddenly sent
from England to the Mediterranean, that the
English government does not refuse to listen to the
Sultan's appeal. It is quite certain that
the French fleet has left Toulon, and
that no orders have been given for its
man. The Pays indeed, using an argument wholly
inconsistent with the statement of M. Granier de
Cassagnac, that the movement of the French fleet
was a mere consequence of Admiral Dundee having
left Malta for the Archipelago, now says: " Malta is
quite close to Turkey, and if any danger should arise
tht fleet stationed there could be at the Dardanelles
as soon as the Russian fleet could reach the entrance
of the Bosphorus from Sebastopol.' This is absurd;
Mita is twice as far from the Bosphorus. The Pays