The Express.
London, England, 1846-09-05 00:00:00

7-: ht ; I WO+

• MAILS.
Thy over Lind ekerd mails. ria Marseilles, to the Mediterranean,
Egypt, Alen, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, Its., will be made uy on the
evening of the 7th inst.
The resits for Comma, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and
Gibraltar, will be made up on the morning of the 7t into h i.
The West India mails, except those for Merle°, Honduras, and
Havana, will be made np on the morning of the 17th inst.
The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United
States, will be made up on the evening of the 18th inst.
The mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt
Men, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and hina, oia Soul ha ',gigot. will
be made up on the morning of the 21st inst.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
We cannot notice, In any way, any communicatioa that G sent to on
anonymously; bet three who choose to address us in confidence will
find their confidence respected. NEMIER CAN WE UNDERTAKE
TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRIPTS WILITEVEB.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE.
Tm Dee.—Morninst, 10 nun- Plot Mlrrnoon. 31 milt. fong 1.
TO.llollloW.—lfornlog, 56 nun. past 1; Afternoon, ID ono. past 2.

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
WE congratulate the electors of Derby on the good
sense and sound principle evinced in their triumphant
return of Mr. STRUTT. It was not only an act of
justice towards their respected, intelligent, and bene-
ficent townsman, but a pledge of popular co-operation
with the Government in that policy of practical utility
by which it is expected their proceedings will be
characterised. Were an appointment like that of Mr.
Sviwrr on the railway commission to occasion the
loss of his scat, the effect would tend to paralyze the
activity of an administration in pursuing objects which
may lack the stamp of party, but bear that higher seal
of public good, of which party is so often regardless.
Further importance is attached to this election as
indicating the abatement of a mischievous delusion
which threatened to divide the friends of religious
liberty, and has therefore been eagerly seized upon
by the enemies of religious liberty. The professed
objection to Mr. STRUTT did not relate to the appoint-
ment by which an election was occasioned; it had no
reference to his general conduct, character, or princi-
ples ; but was solely founded upon a single vote, that
in favour of the increased Maynooth grant. For this,
and this alone, he was subjected to the trial of an
electoral contest. The issue extended no further. On
that point the constituency polled. We will not call
the result a decision in favour of the grant. Such a
construction would be unfair, perhaps, towards a por-
tion of the electors. But what the result has decided
is this: that a vote in favour of the increased May-
nooth grant, by a sincere friend of civil and religious
liberty, is not to be regarded as a disqualification by
his former supporters.
The popular hostility to the Maynooth grant com-
bined some of the sternest friends and some of the
bitterest enemies of religious liberty. The former
looked at it as an application of public money in
favour of a theological party, and therefore as a vio-
lation of their essential principle of religious equality.
The latter only regarded it as an endowment of
Popery, which they hold, or profess to hold, in
horror and hatred. It was an unnatural combination.
One class was sure to be made tools of by the other,
in the event of the question coming into action at the
poll-booth. And of course the most unprincipled
and unscrupulous were the most likely to turn it to
their own account. Intolerance is always active
and jesuitical. It has eminently shewn itself
so in this question. It has pitched foot
with the opponents of all relations between
religion and the State. It has fraternized with
the dislike of the friends of religious equality to
aid the cause of a sectarian ascendancy. It has
helped to denounce the application of State funds to
religious bodies, because in this case the cash was
not going to its own church. And it has marked out,
for the persecution of opposition, and if possible for
the disgrace of rejection, some of the purest, truest,
and noblest defenders of the equal and universal
rights of conscience in the British Parliament.
To this class belongs Mr. Srnurr, now, happily,
again M.P. for Derby. He supported the increased
grant to Maynooth College, because the former grant,
which bore the character of a national compact,
was insufficient for its profe-sed objects. He
saw no principle of religious liberty involved in
the numerical difference of pounds sterling; nor in
refusing separate dormitories to Catholic students,
and making them sleep two or three in a bed. He
did not identify the promotion of instruction with the
promotion of Popery. He did not insist, in the dis-
tribution of public money, on keeping the Irish
Catholic below the Irish Presbyterian, as well as
below the Irish Episcopalian. Nor did he yield to
the charge being placed upon the consolidated fund,
until Mr. WARD'S proposition for putting it on the
Church Fund of Ireland had been tried and rejected.
It is not necessary for us to enter more minutely into
this really bygone controversy. The foregoing
reasons may, or may not, be entirely sound
and satisfactory. What we have to urge is,
that Mr. STRUTT did not compromise his
principles. An error in their application to a
particular ease, is the utmost that can be alleged
against him, and many others who were similarly
circumstanced. He voted against bigotry and bigots.
That is some presumption of his having judged and
voted rightly. And he felt no uncomfortable con-
sciousness, no need of reservation for the future, any
more than of regret for the past, in declaring that
"the principle he had always held and avowed was
this, that no man ought to be taxed for the support of
another man's religion." That principle is an infinitely
better test than the Maynooth grant. Electors who
objected to the grant, on the principle of religions
liberty, should apply it in preference. They should
apply it to those who seek to take advantage of their
objection. Let them test Anti-Maynooth and pre-
tended Protestant candidates by it. The action will
be like that of the spear of ITIIIIRIEL. The slimy
toad of cajolery will start up into its proper form,
of the demon of Intolerance.
This Sir DIGBT MACKWORTTI, for instance, sought
to rcoommend himself solely by the assurance that

:..~.

he would have opposed the Maynooth grant. The
hope was thereby to catch all voters who were
opposed to the Maynooth grant, no matter oa what
principles or with what objects. The man seems
ignorant of what is meant by religious liberty. He
objected to Mr. filraurr's looking upon " the Roman
Catholics and the various Protestant denominations
as being on the same footing and entitled to the
same privileges." With consummate obtuseness he
asked "if the religion of the Roman Catholics was
to be considered on an equality with that of Pro-
testant denominations, why we should not make the
religion of the Hindoos the establighed religion of
Hindostan ?" His logic is on a level with his know-
ledge. "He was no political character." But he is
a Protestant ; all Protestant ; nothing but Protestant ;
though opposed to that right of private judgment,
without which Protestantism is something worse than
merely a name, and sinks into a schism and a crime.
To make up, however, for all defects, this concen-
trated essenso of Protestantism " had followed the
Duke of Wemaxerrox through the whole Peninsular
war, and was present at his crowning victory at
Waterloo." What an admirable course of Christian
training. What an exquisite test of theological
soundness. What a pledge against the doctrinal
errors of popery. What an intellectual and moral
qualification for service as a Protestant legislator.
This dose must have been too strong for the stomachs
of the Dissenters of Derby.
The result of the contest sill. we hope, materially
help to throw the bygone Maynooth question out of
the electoral market. It should make the truth clear
to the real friends of religions equality and freedom,
that they are pursuing an unwise and pernicious
course to let that question now influence their votes.
And it may also show the traffickers in such topics,
those who watch the turn of the markets in order to
bewilder and entrap honest though unwary men, that
the game will not do. Their dexterity is foiled. They
have stolen a march, but they are driven to counter-
march. Their false pretences are exposed. Maynooth
may as well be left in its natural oblivion. It will
scarcely catch more than a few stragglers. They
must look out for something more plausible. A new
hoax for the hustings is wanted. This is worn out
already. The pill may be a bitter one for fraud and
faction, cant and intolerance, to swallow ; but the
fact is, that the Maynooth cry will not work at the
approaching general election.

Louis PHILIPPE is certainly a wonderful man in
the acquiring and the wielding of influence, not only
in his own realm, but beyond it. We are not now
going into complaints of how he has curtailed us of
influence in new constitutional countries, nor shall
we indulge grave remonstrance as to more serious
recent rumours which we would fain believe to
be unfounded. For the present we are more
inclined to smile, and applaud the address with
which he has ousted Austria from her long un-
disturbed supremacy at Rome and in the College of
Cardinals. It is certainly astonishing that a King of
the French, the offspring of a double revolution,—the
very changes which upraised him being in a great
measure directed against the clergy,—that a prince so
raised and so situated, should have contrived in very
few years to make his influence so paramount at
Rome as actually to nominate a Pope, and to govern
the councils of that Pope by his envoy. This is one
of those wondrous achievements, which cannot but
make a striking chapter in the modern book, when-
ever there shall start up a modern MACH lAVEL to
write it, which may be entitled " The Prince."
The King of the French has one grand nostrum in
politics; which is,to govern bya fusee milieu, or, as he
calls it, a moderate party. In some cases it has
unoceeded. In France it has been attended with
many satisfactory results. In Spain it has most
lamentably failed. In Greece it is playing the deuce.
Still, wherever French influence predominates, and
French agents rule, we find the same effects, the
game principles, and even the same phraseology.
Hence we were not a little amused by an article in
the Journal des Dehats on Roman affairs, expressing
hopes that the moderate party in the Roman States
would succeed, and entreating the old Liberals to keep
quiet, and be contented with the mild and liberal
administration of Cardinal Gizzi and the new Pope
Pius.
As M. Ross!, the French Ambassador in Rome, is
en old and constant contributor to the columns of the
Debate, we recognised the official language, politics,
and habits of thought, in the excellent article we allude
to, and in the views put forth by it. We fully join
in these. Muderadoisni would certainly be a very
great amelioration to the Roman regime. Clemency,
lay-tribunals, taxation on some rational scale, and
provincial administration by functionaries somewhat
more enlightened and less arbitrary than cardinals,
would be boons. Even a rational despotism for
some years, which would open the trade and
industry of the rich Romagna, give its towns
some few of their old municipal rights, and allow
liberal and enlightened ideas to enter, not by contra-
band, but freely,—would raise and elevate the middle
class, and render them far less dangerous.
At present, the middle-aged, or the elders, or the
fathers of families, crouch in secret, keep their bosoms
and their money-chests close locked, and walk about
as in a reign of terror, perpetually panic-struck. This
state of the elders has such an effect on the young of
the rising generation, that they either tremble too, or
else, if of generous nature, think at once of resis-
tance and rebellion. Under the present state of things
the entire youth of Italy, that portion of it which is
endowed with spirit, meditates but the one purpose,
that of throwing off an ignoble, an iron, a bestial
yoke. The result is seen in yearly insurrections, in
overflowing prisons, in misery, in execration, and in
the rendering St. Plaza's patrimony a lazar-house et
suffering, terror, and cruelty.
The present Pope and his ministers have put an end
to this. They have opened the prisons; but they seem
to know no better way to avoid the necessity of filling
them again, than by entreating the Liberals to be quiet
and patient' A better way would be to give some
municipal liberties, to open trade, to set industry
active, and facilitate the employment of capital. This
would turn men's minds into another channel. It
would give confidence, occupation, and manhood to the
rising generation, which would in turn resume its
influence over their children. Without creating such
new impulses as these, the very amnesty will be idle;
and we shall find in Italy, as in Spain, the Moderates
turning greater furies than the Liberals themselves,
and ruling, like their predecessors, by the sword, the
brand, and the whip.
Bat hopes may be entertained of the sagacity and
foresight of Count Rossi and Cardinal Gizzi. Their
great object is to render the Romagna contented with
the Pontifical yoke, and thus to obviate the yearly
necessity of the Pope's looking to Austria for troops
and succour. This can only be done by a series of
measures calculated to conciliate a rich and indus-
trious region, with a large civic population.
In the meantime, will Austria's double eagle look
quietly from the other side of the Po on this diplo-
matic conquest of the NAPOLEON of Peace ? Prince
Merrearrica and his council have been looking with
great complacency and delight on the success with
which LOIIIH-PHILIP PE has chewed us out of all in-
fluence at Madrid, at Lisbon, and at Athens. It now
comes to be the turn of Austria herself, which is
&mimed out sf its old supremacy at Rome. For our
own parts, though somewhat jealous of the Gallic
cock, especially when treading down constitutions
and constitutional parties, we do rejoice to see it
pecking and patting to flight the old stupid double
eagle of the, modern CaSARS, and driving it from the
walls of Rome.

THE indirect, though not the direct, effects of free
trade are beginning to be felt. The prices of prori-
sions here and on the Continent already approach
more nearly to an equality ; and, in some instances,

.

the difference ism favour Of tilie country.
imported from America, and the provisions 0,
kinds imported from abroad, have kept the marknts
moderate here, and raised them proportionally abroad.
Indian corn sold last month far Ns. per quarter of
480 lbs., and the flour at 19s. to 20s. per 280 lbs.—
less than a penny a pound. Considering the greater
amount of nourishment in Indian corn, this is almost
as cheap as potatoes. Food is becoming permanently
cheaper, and waves more available.
It is not so easy to trace the effect of the change
upon exports, nor wsuld it be reasonable to expect to
discern it there so soon. The influence of the new
American tariff cannot yet be felt. In the south of
Germany and Sicily much injury has been done to
the harvest by droughts, and fears are entertained
that the price of provisions will be high throughout
the winter. Disturbing circumstances like these
retard the operation of the more liberal policy. A
table of the declared values of British exports for the
first six months of 1844, 1845, and 1846 is before us;
but is referring to it we must keep in mind that the
prices of goods and yarns have this year been much
lower than they were last, and that the same money
sums consequently represent a larger amount of yards
and pounds. The declared value of cotton manufac-
tures exported during the first sir months of 1846
was 8,899,792/. ; in 1845 it was 9,590,3231. ; and in
1844, 9,192,5721. The declared value of cotton yarns
this year is greater : it is 3,523,7931., against
2,983,5771. in 1843, and 2,914,8721. in 1844. The state
of the exportation of silk manufactures does not confirm
the apprehensions of those semi-free traders who
have been accustomed to represent this as an excep-
tional manufacture. The exports of silks which, for
the first six months of 1844, were valued at 380,8371.,
rase in the corresponding period of 1845 to 385,9891.,
sad of 1846 to 421,910!. In iron and steel there bas
beat a marked increase : from 1,548,4141. in the first
six months of 1844, to 1,772,6081. in 1845, and
2,199,006/. in 1846. Hardware and cutlery have
been nearly stationary : 1,053,1251. in 1844 ;
1,068,6181. in 1845 ; 1,069,0451. in 1846. The aggre-
gate values of the twenty-six principal articles of
export during the first six months of these years are :
in 1844, 24,495,9721. ; in 1845, 26,166,7321.; in 1846,
25,020,9721.

The reduction of the minimum of discounts by the
banks would have exercised more influence, but for a
prevalent apprehension that it may soon be raised
again. If lasting, it may lead to the relieving of the
bank vaults of a part of the sixteen millions of
bullion now boarded there. This, by lowering the
value of money abroad and raising prices, might,
eventually, tell in favour of our export trade. At
home, the effect of easier discounts, if permanent,
will be in favour of the working classes. It will
accelerate the construction of the great lines of rail-
way ; relieve the labour market of part of its sur-
plusage ; and keep in the view of all labourers a class
of their fellows in the permanent enjoyment of high
wages.

Our columns to-day are more than usually occupied
with Foreign Intelligence, the arrivals last night
having been numerous, including accounts from
India, America, Mexico, and the West Indies.
Our despatches in anticipation of the Overland
Mail from India, which extend to the 18th of July,
are chiefly remarkable for the melancholy intelli-
gence which they convey of the dreadful mortality,
caused by the sudden appearance of cholera, which
prevailed at the seaport of Kurrachee during the
middle of June, and where, within the brief space of a
fortnight, no fewer than 8,000 persons were swept off.
Of these the greater part were natives, but the
European troops also suffered most severely. It
is satisfactory to know that when the last ac-
counts left Kurrachee—on the 30th of June—the
rage of the pestilence had ceased, though it was said
to be creeping up the river. The visitation of this
scourge, since the occupation of Scinde by oar troops,
has been triennial, but its ravages in 1839 and 1842
were alight compared with those of which we now
speak. The political news of India supplies us with
no subject for commentary.
The accounts from the United States mention that
in all probability the tariff bill will undergo some
modifications in the next Congress. It is thought
that there would be an increased duty on coal and
iron, and that a duty would be levied on tea and
coffee. The Mexican war,—if war it can be called,—
drags its slow length along ; the American public
are indifferent to its progress, and the administration
wish it well at an end ; the expenses which it entails
being so heavy. The harvest prospects throughout the
Union are satisfactory.
By the West Indian mail we learn that a declara-
tion agaityit the existing Mexican government,
and in favour of Santa Anna, took place at Vera
Cruz on the 31st of July. The ex-President had left
the liavannah for Mexico. Vera Cruz and Tam-
pioca were still blockaded by the American fleet.

We have received with our private correspondence
the Paris journals of Thursday.
The Chamber of Deputies, after our express left,
elected on Monday their two questors, Messrs.
Clement and 1)e l'Espee, to whom are entrusted
during the time of the Parliament the interior
management of the house. They are both Con-
servatives, and M. Clement has been questor for
manY
M.
De l'Espde, who was Secretary in the previous
Parliament, replaces General Laydet, of the Opposi-
tion, who is no longer a Deputy. Before quitting the
chair, which he had provisionally occupied until the
nomination of M. Sauzet, the senior member of the
Chamber, M. Sapey delivered himself, according to
custom, of a Nestorian oration, in which he recom-
mends, in the following terms, economy and progress :
" You will not be called on, like the Chamber which has
gmsestlet you, to vote a line of fortification round Paris—avast
network et railroads from the Ocean to the Mediterranean,
from the Rhine to the Pyrenees ; nor a credit of ninety-
three millions (of francs) to render our navy prepared for
whatever may fall out, and sufficient to protect our com-
merce and ensure respect to our national flag. You, then,
the faithful guardians of the public purse, may effect re-
trenchmenta which may enable us to ease the burthens of
the state, and among others the duty on salt, whose high
price does much damage to our agriculture, and im-
poses grievous privations on the humble classes—but, above
all, we must re-establish that financial equilibrium which
is the safety of the present and the guarantee of the future.
Honour to that financial minister who shall achieve this
important result, so often promised and as often postponed.
Thus this session opens under favourable auspices, when
your votes will not be asked for fresh and extra ex
but for the amelioration announced in that eloquent
remarkable speech (by M. Guizot) at Lisieux in which the
ideas of a useful and necessary progress are prOclaimeff with
a power and authority of reason, which leaves no doubt as to
the accomplishment of the promises it holds out. The progress
which experience has rendered indispensable is loudly called
forby public opinion. In the state in which minds are in France
the march of representative government cannot halt without
danger. It is in vain you would seek its duration in a state
of inactivity; it is not there that you will find it. It requires
for its existence a continual advance from good to better.
Its progress must be marked by successive ameliorations, so
sagaciously devised that they shill be enduring."
We do not give any report of M. Sauzet's speech of
inauguration, observing only that he evinced great
forbearance towards the majority of his honourable
friends, who, whilst they gave him their votes, have
been known to say that it was very easy to find a
more able President. M. Sauzet promised, to treat all
and every member with the greatest courtesy, and, as
is now the fashion, summed up with a few words about
progress.
A few minutes after the nomination of the commit-
tee appointed to prepare the reply to the King, a
ready-made congratulatory address was submitted to
the house by M. Vitet, the lately-elected Academician
and appointed for that purpose by his bureau.
According to the regulations of the house, the de-
bate, or rather vote, was postponed until Thursday.
It was, however, preceded by a conversation which
took place u n a question put by M. Larabit, De-
puty fox the Department of L'Yonne, upon the incen-
diary fires w spread desolation over the country,
and the measures to be taken by the Government to
restore confidence to the population.
This, coupled with the fears entertained concerning
the deficiency of the harvest and the price of corn,
is a source of great anxiety.
A large quantity of corn has arrived at Marseilles
from Odessa.
A general regulation concerning the management
and working of French railways has just been signed
by the King, and will be issued forthwith.
The Bing of the Belgians, travelling incognito un-

proceedk 151131-----
'The ,k.kkal" '4:04.21th ult. areitains rumours of an
.10. fen aei inroad_ of .Abdulaader A man of the
Arbed recently arrived from Algiers says that there
is a report in the south that Abd-el-Kader is with the
Oulad-Sidi-Chikh-Garabas, where he is said to have
been well received." This requires confirmation, but
it is certain that letters have been sent by the Emir
to the tribes in the south, particularly to the Oulad-
Naila, and to the inhabitants of Djebel-Amour, call-
ing upon them to be ready to renew the struggle
against the Christians, and announcing his intend=
senee amongst them towards the end of the Rha
The Oulad-Nails are said to have heard with plea-
sure the announced arrival of the Emir. It is not no,
however, with the tribes of the Tell, of the Ouarensenma,
and the I)jurdjurn, because they are within reach at
the French, and are still smarting under the punish-
ment inflicted upon them of late.
Late on Wednesday night the following was known
in Paris, having been brought from Madrid by a
'pedal courier:—
The Gaceta de Madrid, of the 29th ultimo, contains
a decree of her Majesty Queen Isabella, announcing
that, having consulted with the ministers, she has
decided on marrying her first cousin, his Royal High-
ness the Infant Don Francisco de Anise, Duke of
Cadiz, eldest son df Don Francisco de Paolo. The
Cortes are convoked for the 14th of September, to
receive the communication of the royal decision.

...~.- \.

Although not officially announced, the marriage of
the Infanta Donna Luisa, sister of the Queen,
with the Duke of Montpensier, is finally set-
tled. Queen Isabella was born at Madrid .on the
10th of October, 1830. Her Majesty is, accord-
ingly nearly sixteen years of age. H.R.H. Don
Francisco de Assise was born on the 13th May, 1822.
The Duke of Montpensier was born at Neuilly on the
Slat July, 1824. Donna Maria-Luisa-Ferdinand
wee born on the 30th Jan., 1832, and is therefore only
Ibarteen years and seven months old.
A private letter from Madrid of the 29th confirms
the statement which has already appeared, that the
betrothal of Queen Isabella to Don Francisco de Anise
took place on the night of the 28th. The regular
post which reached Paris on the 3rd instant does not
bring any additional particulars or news of interest.

FRANCE.--THE REVELATIONS OF JOSEPH HENRI.
—The copper tube found in the hiding place in the cellar, as
described by Joseph Henri, was opened on the Ist instant,
in the presence of the culprit, by a Jugs d'lnstruction ap-
pointed for the purpose ; a statement was drawn up of the
papers contained in the tube, and of the answers Joseph
Henri made on the subject of those curious precautions.
Conformable to the indications he gave, the tube contained
a detailed account of all his plans for carrying out his pro-
lect. He describes the manner in which the pistols were to be
oaded, and declares that they were not to contain any pro-
jectile whatever. He adds, that to give this act of madness
all the appearance of an attempt on the king's life he should
make up the story of the pistols being charged with a piece
of iron rod rounded off by a file and kept in the barrel by his
finger. He indicates what he intended exclaiming at the
moment he was arrested, to make believe that he had
accomplices. It will be remembered that this was a precau-
tion he took to escape • sudden outburst of public indigna-
tion. In short, the document bears the singular stamp,
found by the ficulty in many cases of mental derangement,
of a chain of incoherent and curious ideas, arranged with
precision, and clearly expressed. It seems that if Joseph
Henri had been condemned to death, he would have con-
trived by some means or other to bring these papers to light.
This, he thought, would have caused deep regret to his
judges that they had come to extreme measures with him,
and, as he expressed himself, would have been a hard blow
to capital punishment. No answer has yet be en made to his
petition for mercy, but it is generally supposed that his
punishment will be commuted into simple confinement.

ITALY.—ROME, AUGUST 22.—The papal govern-
ment intends reducing the fire per cent. debt, and raising a
loan for this purpose with Roman and Belgian capitalists.
On the 20th a circular was issued to the different legates and
delegatea, requesting them to send in to the Secretary of
State an exact list of all their functionaries, indicating their
respective salaries and offices. The presence of the Grand
Duke of Tuscany is attributed to the projected establishment
of a railway across the Maremmes. Duke Marco Massemo
has been appointed member of the commission on railways.
GERMANY.—VIENNA, AUGUST 27.—Prince Met-
ternich is occupied at Kcenigsworth with the question of the
duchies of Schleswig and Ifolsti.in. It is looked upon in a
federal point of view, and the decision of the diet will be
regarded as law. All the German dates agree on this
point.—llansburij Correspondent.
HOLSTEIN.—KIEL, • AUGUST 27.—The Danish
government seems startled at the manifestations that have
taken place in the duchies. So much is certain that the
government has engaged a large steamer for the purpose
(should the case require it) of transporting troops to the
duchies. According to the German Federal Convention,
foreign states, who have possessions in Germany, are not
allowed to send their troops there. The Danish goeent-
ment does not place too much confidence in the troops et
Schleswig and Holstein, and not without a cause, as the
Commander-in-Chief has sent in his resignation.
BERLIN, AUGUST 23.—The Saxon government has
just acceded to the convention entered into between Prussia
and England, on the 31st May last, relative to copyright and
literary piracy.
LEIPZIG, Auo. 30.—At the hour the poet left
(midnight, the 30th nit.) a great conflagration was raging at
Leipzig. Five persons had perished in the flames, and the
civic guard was under arms. Three hundred and fifty men
bad arrived by railway to help to extinguish the raging
element.—Deuteehe Allgemeine Zeitung.
HUNGARY, AUG. 24.—1 n the district of CEdenbarg
Listb. the celebrated pianist, was unanimously elected mem-
ber of the anseabiy of the province.
TILE GAME-LAWS IN GERMANY.--According to a
law promulgated in 1840, the gamekeepers of noblemen in
Germany have the right of firing at poachers, if the latter do
not throw down their guns on the first summons. Two men
have just been shot at Luneburg, in Hanover, under these
circumstances. One of them leaves a widow and seven

luldren.

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...eteath way good in their way, still these are not
ob by a sweeping sacrifice of the colonial poe-

In the meantime it is our grateful privilege's be able to
state that a complete change appears to harm titbit plum Is
She weather, which Is now all that the colonial 22=
desire; and as an* good season is generally the
another, there is every prospect of the crop of next yeartildlyr
as wide a leap as that of 1842 improved 'upon 1841 while in,
Jamaica increased from 35,000 to 50,000 hhds., and
out the whole West Indies, from 2,148,000 cwta. to 2,
Surely, therefore, on account of any temporary Moon
arising from the present short crop, the friends of emessiga-
tion throughout Great Britain are not going to ors *maw
to the admission of slave-labour produce, whichntuallemessa•
City discourage and retard every species of imgmeasmsall eon-
nected with the former, in proportion alit is caballed to hese-
fit, and therefore to confirm the system on which the Isfaeris
based. True, the West India planter has no more artived
at perfection in his system than the British farmer hasdone ;
but so far as circumstances have permitted we have nothing
to be ashamed of in a comparison in this respect. And if we
have nest gut quit of all those " defects" of our system, which
have repeatedly, and from the first, been pointed nut by
ourselves, in various essays, letters, pamphlets, &c., upon the
readily and effectually as could be wished, such is
mist as
y not to be laid to the account of parties resident is
the island, but rather to that of those whom they reprises%
and who are natural!y slow to admit the propriety, and who
find it equally difficult area dangerous, even when they dose,
to carry out their views, except by exceedingly slow and easy
stages. The directors of Smith's Agricultural Society, with a
capital of 400,0001., have declared that they are now
to treat for the purchase and renting of properties i:11=
island. Besides, the many thrown-up estates which they
may, no doubt, readily obtain, there is certainly no lack of,
properties still under cultivation, which they will be able to
command at a very moderate price : and we, therefore, anti-
cipate soon seeing operations commenced on an extensive
scale. Already, we learn, has a vessel, called the Sisters,
been dispatched from Liverpool, with a cargo of horses,
cows, pigs, agricultural implements, and farm servants for
the purposes of the society.
We are happy to he enabled to state that coolie immirra-
tion, so far as it has yet been tested in this island, has fully
' answered the expectations of the planters. At this season
of the year especially, when the operations of clearing and
supplying the cane fields require all the labour which can
Ibe obtained, and while too many of the native peasantry
have been engaged in holiday keeping or attending to their
own provision grounds, the services of the coolies have
prayed invaluable.
Among the improvements recently put in pnctical opera-
lion in this island, we may notice the hot-air vacuum pan of
IS WM. Noyes and Dodson, for the manufacture of sugar, at
a much less expense for machinery than appertains to the
usual steam vacuum system. We are also happy to learn
that the patent filters of Messrs. Watson and Spalding are
now brought to perfection, and may be expected to be
placed before the public within a short period.
The coffee crop promises well, and in many districts the
harvest has already commenced, which is unusually early.
The pimento crop, however will be almost a total failure,—
the late spring in the trees occasioned by the wet weather
having destroyed the bearing
Sickness has been very prevalent, especially in Westmore-
land, and other localities where swamps abound, but we
cannot say that the mortality has been unusually great for
the period of the year. A dreadful thunder-storm, attended
with torrents of rain, visited the neighbourhood of Mon-
tego Bay, on the evening of the 30th ultimo : the focus of
i a violence appears to have been at Reading Pen ; a consi-
derable portion of the Grand Interior road (famous in the
annals of the late rebellion) has been utterly destroyed;
in some parts of what was once the highway
vast chasms have been excavated, while in others, huge
masses of earth and stone have been accumulated. So vio-
lent was the action of the water that enormous fragments of
boulder rocks, above a ton in weight, seem to have been
transported by the torrent with the same facility as pebbles.
On both sides of the road the pasture walls have been en-
tirely swept away, and the fields covered with wreck. On
the same evening, in the neighbourhood of Port Antonio, a
house was struck by lightning, and left a mass of ruins. Three
men, two women, and two children, were about taking their
suppers when the melancholy affair took place, one female
within a few days of her confinement) was killed upon the
spot, her mother and one of the men only recovered their
sews about eight o'clock the following morning,
the other man stunned for about an hour, and on coming to
himself found the two children nearly covered with stones
and mortar. On the following day two sloops were struck
by lightning off Port Morant, and considerably injured ; for-
tunately no lives were leer.
Among the recent deaths we regret to mention the names
of the lion. James Geddes. cantos of the parish of St. Mary ;
Dr. Patrick Anderson, and Dr. H. J. Archer, both highly
esteemed medical practitioners in Trelawny.
The rumour which reached us by the last packet, touching
the improbability of Lord Elgin's return to this island, has
created, we are sure, but one impression upon the minds of
the inhabitants, that of unmingled regret.

NEWS FROM MEXICO.
(From the Bermuda Rlyal Gazette, Aug. 18.)
When the Dee left Vera Cruz the coast was still block-
aded by the American squadron, consisting of the Cumber-
land, 60 guns, Potomac, 60, St. Marys, 24, Somers, 12, John
Adams, 24, Mississippi and Princeton steamers. The Cum-
berland, with the commodore's broad pendant, has been on
shore near Alvarado, and so much damaged as to require
proceeding to the States. No attempt has been made on the
castle of San Juan de Ulloa, nor was any contemplated with
the present force. Paredes had left Mexico to proceed first
against the insurgents at Guadalaxara, and afterwards
against the Americans, leaving Geniral Bravo as vice-pre-
sident. A prone/win/nut/0i took place at Vera Cruz on
the 31st July in favour of Santa Anna, and a deputation
from that place arrived at Havannah, in the Dee, to invite
him to resume the command, with which he complied, and
eft Havannah in the Arab, and English steamer, on the Bth
August.
Ihe Eurydice and Rose were at Sacrificios on the 2nd
August. Alarm and Daring were daily expected.
The American army remained in position at Matamoras,
awaiting, it was supposed, the cessation of the rainy season,
before which it was generally thought that the effervcsenoe
of the volunteers would be greatly evaporated. The return
of General Santa Anna is favoured by the Americans. The
victories they have gained have been much exaggerated.
We have been kindly favoured with the following extract
of a letter, dated—
" Vera Cruz, July 31, 1846.
" This day a pronuntiansierato was made in favour of Santa
Anna, whisk has thrown the city into a state of great ex-
citement. They say that a deputation is to go by the
packet to Havannah, to invite Santa Anna to return to this
The
country.
" American squadron has not yet attacked this city,
nor the castle of San Juan de Ulloa; it is supposed that
they intend to direct their force against Tampico and
Alvarado. On the 29th July all the ships got under sail
from Isla Verde, and stood towards the south, some thought
with the intention of burning Alvarado, to force the
Mexicans into terms. The commodore's ship the Cumber-
land grounded on one of the reefs off San Anton Lizardo,
and the weather setting in rainy and squally that night, the
vessel continued thumping on the reef about 30 hours, and
was only got off with the help of a large steamer,
after throwing overboard same guns, taking out shot,
provisions, &c.
"Mr. Murphy arrived here a few days ago, on his way to
the city of Mexico."

Her Majesty's steamer Vesuvius left Vera Cruz on the
28th ultimo. Left there her Majesty's ships Endymion and
Rose, quite healthy. The American force consisted of two
frigates, 60 guns; two corvettes, 23 guns two brigs, one
large steamer. A corvette was at Tampico. No active
measures were anticipated at that time ; two line-of-battle
ships were expected. The Raritan, American frigate, had
left for Pensacola, very sick, suffering rom scurvy. The
castle of San Juan de Mos was in a good state of defence ;
the ball practice from their heavy guns excellent. The
American boats bad been fired on while watering near
Antigua. The other foreign men of war were one Spanish
frigate and one brig, one P tench brig. The rains had set in
heavily ; the town was nearly deserted.

INDIA.
ARRIVAL OF THE OVERLAND MAIL.
Since the publication of the announcement, in
yesterday's Express, of the arrival of the Over-
land Mail from Bombay at Marseilles, on the 2nd
instant, we have received our usual despatches.
The latest dates received by this mail are from
Calcutta to the 7th, Agra to the Bth, Delhi and
Meerut to the 7th, Madras to the Bth, and Bombay to
the 18th July. The news they contain is, with the
exception of that from Kurrachee, barren. Cholera,
as we announced, had broken out at Kurrachee on
the 14th June, and in the course of a single fortnight
carried off upwards of 1,400 fighting men, nearly
900 of whom were Europeans ! Her Majesty's 86th
alone lost upwards of 3.50, the Ist Europeans nearly
as many, and the 60th Rifles upwards of 100. About
600 native soldiers had been cut off ; and nearly seven
thousand of the inhabitants of the town and suburbs
were also destroyed by the pestilence. Altogether:
it was computed that eight thousand human beings
had been swept off in the short space of fourteen
days. The effluvium arising from the festering
dead was said to be dreadful. The charac-
teristic humanity of the Governor had conspicuously
shone forth on this trying occasion. He was con-
stantly on foot, looking after the sick, and doing
everything in his power for the alleviation of their
sufferings. Sickness to a great extent had prevailed
amongst H.M.'s 17th at Sukkur, and the regiment
was about to be ordered to the sea coast. The
Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief were at
Simla. The former had been rejoined by his son
from Cashmeer. The Governor of Bombay was about
to return to England, the state of his health not per-
mitting him to remain longer at his post. A rumour
respecting a Scotch marriage, claims to which are
always so easily made, is connected with his Excel:
lency in the columns of the Bombay Courier.
Col. Martin, Deputy Adjutant-General, Queen's
troops, Bombay, had died of dysentery, at Poonah,
on the 13th July. A rumour prevailed that
an army was to be assembled in the north-west during

;;-
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Total 2

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30 1358

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the next cold season. Everything in India and the
Punjanb continued tranquil.
BOMBAY, 18rhiy.
Since I last wrote you, intelligence has bun re.
wield of the appearance at Haunches of one seas ma
Wel of epidemics, cholera; and the ravages rmessieMlE
adh•a•e been truly appalling; no fewer than one
four hundred and ten fighting men cut
ist la the short space of ten days. The disease that
assallalasi Welt' in camp on the evening of Sunday, the 14th
Jeuelveintiktaneously with the appearance in the sky of a
this& lurid cloud, and so rapidly did it spread that the hos-
pitals were during the night crowded with its unhappy
violins. It at first raged with the greatest virulence in her
Milleety's 88th foot, and is the 'course of four days upwards of
twe kindred men had fallen victims to the fell disease. The
other European corps at first escaped, but it was not for long,
for they were shortly afterwards visited with the pestilence,
and suffered in nearly as great a degree as the 86th. The
native regiments also suffered dreadfully, and by the 27th,
—thirteen days from the first breaking out of the disease—
the following deaths had occurred:—

°lacers. Serfs. Yea. Weroca. Child. Total.
6oth Rake 0
both Pout
let 80. Ear. Ft hers 1
Artillery
3rd NI. 0 0
11th 31. L
Belooch Batten= . 0
- -

From the above you will see that the total number of
Europeans cut off amounts to 895, and of natives 695. The
mortality amongst the families of the Sepoy corps is un-
known, but must have been very great. Immense numbers
+of camp-followers perished ; and it is said that, in the town,
betwixt six and seven thousand inhabitants have died: in all
probability between eight and nine thousand human beings
hurried into eternity in the short space of a fortnight ! Such
an awful visitation I never remember to have heard tell of in
India, and trust such another tray never have to be recorded.
The kindheartedness of the Governor of Scinde was conspi-
cuous throughout this most trying period. He was hen, there,
and everywhere, superintending the convenience of the sick,
to the hospitals, encouraging rind consoling the sufferers, as
the ease required. Ail forms were suspended, and the me-
dical officers ordered to procure as they liked any and every.
thing they thought would possibly be of any service to the
sick—alas ! to no purpoee. The angel of death was abroad,
and whose hand could stay him bi.t that of Rim by whom he
was permitted to act ? The name of the European officer of
the Fusiliers who was cut off is Captain J. B. Seton ; that
of the officer of the 12th is Lieut. Davison. Sir Charles Na-
pier has been indefatigable in his inquiries as to the probable
cause of the disease . the soldiers' provisions were found
fault with, and sundry articles of hospital stores, such as
wine and beer, condemned. The exciting cause of cholera
hitherto has been, and very likely will ever continue to be, a
mystery : it appears under every variety of form, in places
the most opposite in causes likely to tend to is generation—
in wet and dry weather—in swampy and dry localities. The
86th are to be sent to Hydrabad for a change. Several
deaths had occurred along the banks of the river, and the
inhabitants of Hydrabad were watching with the greatest
anxiety the approach of the dreaded disease. In the time of
the Ameers, the fort had several times been visited by cho-
lera, when the inhabitants almost invariably flea. H. M.'s
17th at Sukkur have suffered a great deal from fever, and I
believe lost a large number of men, though no particulars have
been received. They are to be brought down to Kiirrachee. A
report of an intended advance of the Scinde force on Bake-
wulpore during next cold season, had been in circulation at
Hydrabad, though no reason had been assigned for the
movement. Should an army assemble in the north-west
provinces of India at that time, as is reported to be in eon-
templation, the Hydrabad rumour will, in all likelihood,
prove true. Subscriptions are being raised for the purpose
of purchasing ap the jewels, &c., of the Princesses of Scinde,
shortly to be exposed for sale in Bombay, and restoring them
to their owners—it being justly considered a stain on the
chivalry of the British army that such articles, even had they
come lawfully into our poseeesion, should go to make up
prise-money.
From Lahore there is nothing worthy of mention. It is
said that a memorial is in COWIE of preparation by some in-
fluential men, to our government, to take the c ,untry entirely
to ourselves, asserting that, on our retirement, the same
scenes will be enacted as obtained prior to our interference
in the affairs of the Punjaub. The latter part of the asser-
tion will no doubt prove true ; but that we are likely to
attend to the first part of the rumour, is very unlikely. It is
now said that the lioness has not the slightest wish that
we should leave the country ; her wishes this way
and that depending apparently on the degree of influence
possessed by her party in the Durbar. Charges still con-
tinue to be made against the Maharajah of Jamoo, Goolaub
Singh, of trying to bribe the troops of the state to leave their
employ and join his standard, and probably with much truth.
The differences betwixt the Durbar and the Dewan of
Mooltan continue as before, the latter professing to be
anxious for their speedy settlement, merely to gain time to
enable him to complete his arrangements for a successful
resistance of the claims of the former. The Dewan had
been requested to present himself at the Durbar at Lahore,
when everything would be arranged betwixt them ; but he
seemed to think matters could be as well settled by an am-
bassador, and stated to the Durbar that he would resist any
attempt ;node to force him to accept of their proposals. The
army, on its way to Moulton, were in the meantime halted
not far off their destination. It was reported at Lahore
that Sir John Littler intended returning to England in
October or November. The officers of all the regiments at
Lahore were to have a dinner given them in succession by
the Maharajah Dhuleep Singh, who would seem to have
found out that an Englishman is always in best humour
when well fed !_ _ _

Intelligence from Cabool to the 12th May has been pub-
lished by the Delhi Gazette, the editor of which paper seems
to think that something is " brewing in Cabool which may
lead to serious consequences." The cause of this thinking so
is to me inexplicable. The report goes that a messenger had
arrived on the 4th from the Shah of Persia, and was received
with the liveliest marks of respect; the whole of the chiefs
of the Cabool Durbar having been schooled for days previous
as to the manner of their behaviour towards the envoy, the
guns having received an extra polish, and the soldiers about
the court having had new clothing given them. Several of
the most influential men in the city had been sent out to
meet him, he being accompanied from Candaliar by one of
the Birders. The envoy was feasted and fked for the next
few days. He at last, through the Candabar Order, ex-
plained his mission which was no less than this : the Shah
of Persia wished Diet Mahomed and all the different chiefs
throughout the country to combine, and at once declare war
against the British ! The case with which the Feringhees
might be annihilated was explained to the Ameer, who,
however, knew better than to believe such absurdities.
He is said to have apparently consented to the feasi-
bility of the scneme, some of his chiefs proposing that
Persia should supply the money, and that they would find
men in whose bravery and willingness to fight they
could confide. And this ia the ground on which the Delhi
editor gives it as his opinion that " something serious is
brewing at Cabool." May we never have greater occasion to
fear than we have at present, or than we should have even
were all the chiefs of Affghaniatan, backed by the King of
Persia, banded against us. The Envoy and chiefs mean-
while spent their time pleasantly enough, eating and drinking
from night till mom; a pleasanter occupation than they
would find that of annihilating the English to be. Another
rumour is, that the Ameer Dot Mahomed had become so
disgusted at the conduct of his son Ukhbar Khan, that be
had determined on resigning his throne and at once proceed-
ing to Persia, thence to Mecca; at the same time inviting
all who wished for a quiet life to follow his example. He
would not be reasoned with, but shut himself up in his
house, refusing admittance to all, even his high-priest. It is
unlikely that the Ameer intends doing what is above stated,
it being doubtless merely • ruse to try and wean Ukbhar
Khan from his evil habits and the extravagant notions of
conquest held by him.
News from Peshawur comes down to the 12th of Ma
Disturbances amongst the Yoorooksiees had arisen
ing payment of the revenue, and a large force bad been sent
to compel them to pay their portion of the revenue, which is
almost invariably collected in these districts by the collectors
with an armed party at their back. If the people are unable
to cope with the troops they down with their quota ; if tkey
are, then the collector gets abuse and insult heaped on hint
Wind deoin. The Maharajah of Jamoo is said to have
asst re sent hither to enlist as many Affghans into Lis ser-
vice as he could get. The garrison of Peshawar is said to
consist of nearly eight thousand men, with a considerable
number of guns of large calibre mounted on the fortress.
The death of the ex-Lord Chamberlain of Gwalior has
been announced. He was called the Dada Kbasgeewalla,
and at one time exercised sovereign sway over the infant
ruler of Gwalior ; and his unlawful assumption of the
government of that state it was, you will remember, which
caused us to interfere in its affairs, and gave us the victories
of Maharajpore and Pannier in December, 1843. He died
in confinement at Benares, of dropey, on the 11th of June.
He is said to have died worth nearly a million sterling ; a
pretty convincing proof that he was not over-honest while in
power.
The affairs of the Nizem's dominions may at last be said
to be drawing to a crisis. Not content with murdering one
another, the mercenaries in the employ of the state have
taken to the practice of attacking our troops and officers
when opportunity offers. Not long since Captain Malcolm,
the Assistant Resident, was fired on by a party of Sikhs,
which was endeavoured to be explained by stating that they
were merely hailing him to impart to him their grievances :
and lately a party of our Sepoys were attacked, and three
men wounded, one of whom has since died—the women of
the party having been mutilated by having their noses cut
off. If this does not lead to active interference on our part,
nothing will. The Prime Minister and our Resilient,
General Fraser, have had several meetings, the object of
which would seem to be the expulsion ef all the Arabs, and
ether obnoxious individuals, from the country.
Affairs in the Golcoidah district continue in a very un-
settled state, and more troops are being sent from Madras, to
enable the authorities to act with more vigour against the
Rhonda. Sickness lead manifested itself amongst the troops,
which prevented any active operations being entered on.
The Governor-General and Cemmanderth-Chief continue
at Simla. The son of the former has returned from Cash-
meer. Nothing of consequence has occurred in the Bengal
presidency since my last. Gaieties of every description were
being carried on at Simla, where a large number of officers
were amembled. The officer whom I mentioned as having
afibei!matarructinesaknyted.
iittafotorawsibeforgeratinrytorg so:rniaanle oaf
shthroetuneoyurtlithre_o-wisiearganiiedlte„rndisbanksbanfidlis
the Bandkkhand legion.
The Governor of Ceylon has published a minute, by com-
mand, modifying the sweeping condemnation passed by him
on the members of the civil service of that island, which has
not been over-well received. Civil servants have been pro-
hibited from engaging in railway speculations. A statement
of the revenue of the island for the past year has been pub-

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