The Express.
London, England, 1851-09-04 00:00:00

Ehe •xlreisfs.

TO CORRISPON DINTS.
Ileend Mks .4 o The Lepeed." eleatkied _be ems ~We
A " Coodle." poldloPed eon, Teddy sal Map Ns Is dem
tar pod.
Aerie
be
foe -The Exprao."lanisa pow,
odd be e• the Ogee, le Ileeeere-deoel. 11? Tye cede& ed

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOI.
Tom Dat —l4eralsg, @IL 11 Ns.
T.......w—awsbig. Wa. Us.

LONDON, THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 4.

Tuts is an age much devoted to renaissance, as
the French say, with regard to the arts, the resusci-
tation of old tastes, regeneration of defunct ideas,
and the furhiahing up of all that is rusty and anti-
!lusted. We have pre-Raphaelites in politics and
in religion. And there is no absurdity of the middle
ages, from the yinquisition down to guilds of '
handicraft and trade, that may not be heard pruned
and put forward every day.
To find many of these old things ground young
again, does not surprise. But we mast own that
there was one great social and political institution
which, if overthrown, did not appear possible to
resuscitate. We allude to a Linda aristocracy. It
was generally supposed that the people of the Con-
tinent, having, at least through the western half of
that Continent, ggoot rid of the incubus of feudality,
could never be threatened by its re-appearance or re-
sumption of old influence and privileges. Such be-
lief was strengthened by the fai:ure of the elder
Bourbons to restore a noblesse, with entails and
local jurisdiction, and court authority. Whilst at
the same time the thoroughly despotic courts of the
East seemed much more bent upon humbling and
nullifying what remained of their ancient landed
aristocracies, than upon raising them or endowing
them with political privileges. Throughout the en-
tire of Europe in fact, the land was made to bear the
principal weight of taxation; and the expellees of
these great countries were in fact defrayed out of that
aviculture' surplus which would have otherwise
gone to constitute rent.
'Mere is one country in Europe now, however—a
country, moreover, considered to be very advanced
in adMinistrative experience and skill—which seems
to bare taken the resolve not merely to go back of
all its liberal progress, but even to recoil -beyond its
brother absolutisms, by re-introducing the existence
and influence of that great landlord caste, which
former kings and governments of the country effectu-
ally laboured to humble and to destroy.
Such an attempt as this concerns us Englishmen.
For we, too, had half escaped from such a domina-
tion, and have, indeed, still some links of the chain
to break. But if the work of restoring landed as-
cendancy commences on the continent of Europe, the
party will take fresh courage here, and reaction
may be successfully carried to lengths of which we
do not dream at present, and to combat which will
demand increased vigilance.
Let us first contemplate how the restoration of the
squirearchy to political and fiscal power over the
middle and lower cleaves is effecting in Persia, the
country we allude to, and the first results of that
counter revolution. The Nano, to all intents and
purposes, has abolished the constitution, and
superseded the parliament, in which the
commercial classes were still largely repre-
sented, by the restoration of the provincial
diets, in which the nobles and landed notables,
together with the official functionaries. completely
fiembrele. It is levity much as if the powers Of
tattier sad Imphiating were taken from the House of
Common smlibensferrod to the grand juries.
'The test essrequenee of this has been the doubling
of the deer tax, that is, of the tax paid
by all vim lave other property than land,
and than • flinging on the townsfolk, the in-
dowtrial sot commercial interests, the entire of
the bards. ',the extra expenditure incurred during
th II ,Isit rim This expenditure might easily have
bees =Pi by a loan, and the redemption of that loan
over a sufficient space of time to have tea-
the annual increase of taxation tolerable. But
no; the new aristocracy will extract the price of
making and putting down revolutions forthwith out
of the pockets of those industrious classes
who never desired or invoked revolution, and whoall
along entreated the KING to grant a constitution in
time, in order to avoid popular violence and discon-
tent. The constitutionalists, or middle class Prus-
sians, are, however, doomed to suffer. When
the mob prevailed, they were most threat-
ened ; now that the squirearchy rules, they are
the victims mulcted. They are denied representatives
and a free press, and the little freedom of commerce
that had been procured will soon be rescinded and
stopped by the Judger party of Prissiest lords, who
already beset the XING to restore hereditary right
and descent of property to the eldest eon.
We should have premised, that previous to the
doubling of the taxes on all :moveable pro-
perty, the landed interest bad consented to
the establishment et an income tax on all
kinds of income, exempting fortunes under 1301. a
year, and levying about three per cent iadisorimi-
nately on all above it. But the landowner, by pay-
ing this, because, exempt from the old land-tax. So
that in fact the great landed proprietor in Prussia
has managed to emerge from the revolution a
wealthy, a powerful, and a privileged man.
Now, we Lave had from ear own tory, and ass.
semi- ,
s
pus
for the lad years of rs a genes bona=
and Ibr Implicit osnw to goverment%
and milting like resistance or sevelidink
The illiessikenis the anslitatimaliskaswell
as escheat sr olows So tie asset mime
designaors,* sswerftetall assesdsa
We were a flehanian Me Of Soma=
and wisdom on the pmt of the triumphed eraissoha
We do not see, Itmerawr, that royal sad
aristocratic medial ere inclined to abr ewe at
their old asks, or be cualent with even their
old advatiegni. Nay, they ere going so far in
cruele' ty OM fialy„ that even heir very abettors sty
obligle densease sad disown them to rave their
own be

isestbir mons arm cruelty to lit-
eralists. Ibroploso oirkolo intantry in the fetters
of a lopded squirsoailti as moms dm tie consum-
ing alit tortarios atimorooi potato to a Neapolitan
=lt is wksisssle, ono* affilindated retro-
;t. It ill sessething whiat, ifoinossohl abroad,
won br a dim, say be tried wow' ; and it
nay ouis argent to take lossioros siti to form a
Immo avian roostko.

es
kmg sosastomed
only foe the supply
necessities—and have
habit of making Tr
they now prefer half
ness to steady and
of their condition.

with the rural labourers

eamiderable number

whom the description
remnants of the priperieed

the allowance nifty),
were paid according to -their sessesities. set acme&
lag to the value of their nerviest. The use wee
lower the valued all rural labour. The Wthiseig et
the present state of things is directly the mum
The birmer will now do hie utmost to mom
to himself the regular and constant services d die
best workmen, and those who have the beet segsiM
tion for steadiness and sobriety. These vase wi
take, u they deserve to do, a high Aka
the labourers who can oily be relied me. hit GUM
dead work.
And the workmen who only wok by ail OA
dens will have every motive to heeee s di*
Weaken, for their special employmemb Mee me as
sus avast lihdl to be abridged er eapsessed list
mmidamp. Of Mk the raging merhine, now
etberfirg se mut attention is dm iplealtaral world,
my be miademe as aa laimeta.
Mee at lbs weft aad mewiss of =let
by the lb d
samdb regular fares servants. Moe,
who retire to as maim workhouse, or lead vagaboM
livervabrialbse
_nobody knows how in the winter
amelbee uses *elk and often earn largo wages
during the summer maths. Not a few of them are
exorbitant in their dememds, asking prime rather he
proportion to file wed of the femur thaw s the
value of their ewe earriees—hr hl mg a letr
ia-
stances their cove!smerms is only optallal by their

•. wiebamm eikieeridaeglii may
lime mad ems/ag three er her *Mims a
Amy_ will often =cud a large propel= d
their easing" la drink, and even is Lee
extreme s they have solidly antielgeleil all
they aces at begat during the previous time they
have been „site or altogether =employed.
Upon the body et ftltural labourers,
however, the at obeephed will be to modem a
gradual impeeswemet emir =edition, wad the De-
dieir Asps ma be wader of die!iageish-
lemighie bed MA abase mem eel aseurtag their
ermintservises
iobless.•=l :=114:17•1111.4
med =end =Mem flea will Mew a dubs
for 1.1110 intelligent enjoyments. Comm% whe
knew the agricultural Meiners well, in eammeelbeg
x2ezelt of Lord Itty would onoumt's wheren Who&
hepadlna wield read and enjoy Lord BAcome when =
=elm emtedeed " they must learn to eat bacon be.
hie Sep weld reed BAcox ;" and it is certain that
the et earning by his labour something be.
aslaimum of food and clothing is an radio
peso* preliminary to the elevation of the cool&
flea oldie English rural labourer.
Aheady the farming workmen who are in co=
slant pieces are beginning to wear better clothes than
Immerly, as must have been observed by all who',
have any familiar acquaintance with that class of the
ememmuity ; and the same remark has been made
with respect to the agricultural labourers who have
come op to the Great Exhibition. Their next and
most important want is better habitations, and to
meet this want the public has a right to look to the
landowners of the country. They have been the
destroyers of cottages; they have so much cleared
their estates of resident labourers that is
a large proportion of oar feral whim
the resident population I Immillehell he
the cultivation of the land. 'as pensimby ban
been driven into towns and villages, and have sites
to walk several miles to their daily work. Ili
injurioui alike to the labourers and their
the farmers, and through them to the
themselves. Self-interest, therefore, will, we !reef,
ere long compel the landowners to re-ereet the
cottages they have pulled down, and induce them to
provide not only cottages on each farm for the
regular servants of the occupier, but also diesel
dwellings for independent labourers.

AMONGST the failures of protectionist predictions,
none is more marked than that which referred to the
anticipated condition of the agricultural labourer.
We were told that rural wages depended upon high
prices of agrieeltand produce, and that with low-
corn' Isw wages and scanty employment would
lie the inevitable consequences to the labourers in
husbandry. The result is directly the reverse.
Throughout tho current year there has been full es-
plummet in the rural districts; and data dill bEVIIIi
conimeeced, the seareity eff labourers ban hue innkeil
and universe!. This, us babe. is pm* doe be the
absence of the lleieser sepples of hish lamas ink it
is even vain aseashmsdloY an Monsen' brandhe.
the Denims Inesing sessitmsn at the same
time tbst the al shard hes rendered
them etwqmrelivelp anplortent, trio,
being pleretild. in ether mak miguatioes. many
of thilisiter ond mew
f intellSeemsbyelea haw
oorLidglit maps in towns pe=ne IMAM,
than this native Farms
are new semplainingigliCt though the pies of cm
does net amount be mare than hro-thanh_rd the spa
they ammo 'odd it tor. Ihe wages of hmmlaboar hew
been llhh, it at mimed else say that
their Memel, haw bosses tee t, become
from -the imposes et Abed they can earn by
two or three days' work, as much as, wont-
ing to their ordinary' wants, will keep them
for a week, and we have ream to know that there is
some truth is sash statements. It is undeniable that
at no Lease period were the Mame of this coon-
try, the spieethisal labourers, so well ode
as at fti pmmet time. Peed andelothing are cheap,
emPlo W alietiratiK and them is evory
of an imreming deem& he the ssnisse
of skiing end eleadymenlensel t kralmsray. lush
a stater of Wage ems* be etbsreise then meet hope-
ful. Eat it is amiantus hue, that mempt too
many of the splealtural Ithenems, the improvement
of their eireammesam mad padtion is net No great es
could be wished. Many of • them haw bees

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 4, 1851..

.e dinning general
to Wilstain intact' the reside:mkt leagsism4f milsgt
Take thirleemedl immures fee 1862.
doom to suppose that the fbriamiurre aehaAs Id
elections in December will baringgerted- Mr =Mk
of March is probably • Alps' vide the b.'
animist, and the IMAM qua tan-
bikatelj for the mgt. the; defappinatien cf'
eon Moles ..
.04y.asem to lima ibegiftfin
OM MM. Denic de Mamma% anii
wag atherwqn. fite4i Wow de Joinvill•
garibed,
wkormia the tottsa tal,/ 47,ha,
tic
ib=baret of Bass, to ectpress his adonieb•
.1111116 st at having red in the Parse that his factqr, M.
Leger, lately needed at Lyons, was accused of
attempting to einclbet the garrison there.
was a witness at the Lyons trial, and after hilAsrir
position he was ornate& M. Cremieux, arriving at
Lyons two days afterwards, had • conversation with
the promisor of the republic, partly of a confiden-
del nature, as between a magistrate and a representa-
tive ; but M. Cremieux feels at liberty to state that
the proeurew admitted that the crime of whidi
was accused had not been committed since he
grentered his service. The procureur stated that
L•rger was a Parisian demagogue, of extreme opi•
mons, who had greatly committed himself at the
time of passing the law of May 31. M. Cremienz
aye that for the last year Larger has managed his
estate at 150 leagues from l'aris, and that if he be a
conspirator he mud be one of a very old date, and
that his arrest cannot be the important and signifi-
cant event which the government journals would
make of it. He begs his own friends not to be
frightened, and to be well assured that he himself; at
any rate, has nothing to do with the seduction of
any
in the same letter M. Cremieux attests a fact
which I had seen in the papers, but thought in-
credible. lie was travelling in the country with
M. Pascal Digrat,another republican representative,
whoa a eammisisaw at police, who knew them by
debt, anspeaftsg, es the fact was, that they had not
=with them, sent a body of gendarmes to
their production. On receiving the answer
that they had no passports, a quarter-master of
gindarmes declared that he arrested them in the
ammo of the law. This is most monstrous. It is not
the custom in the interior of France to demand the
production of a passport without a special reason,
and if an ordinary person or a foreigner neglect the
ridiculous ceremony of taking one, he commits no
crime. He only renders himself liable to be relied
upon to prove his identity and the object of hie
. But here is an instance of an officer of
gendarmes arresting known representatives of the
people, and because he knows them to be such, far
the purpose of annoying them ; and this although
their paw= ere inviolable by en express article of
seaditaima

The council of war of Marseilles has just pro-
nounced judgment on five men belonging to the 11th
regiment of dragoons, who were tried for having
excited their comrades to insubordination and revolt
in June lost, at Orange. Four of them have been
condemned to death, and the fifth acquitted.
At the Bourse to-day the Fives ruse Sc., and closed
at 93.75 ; the Threes row 10c., and closed at 65.80.

P.S.—HALe-PAST 6 o'CLoca.
For several dap vague rumours of a plot,
discovered in Paris, have prevailed. Last night
a number of arrests were made, in relation to which I
have just heard the following account. It has for
some time been known to the police that Ledru
Rollin and Marini's Central European Committee
were in correspondence, through the Central Ger-
man Committee of London, with a German com-
mittee sitting in Paris. A man named Meir was
the delegate employed to transmit instructions to
the Paris committee from the two committees in
London. Besides this, en advocate, named Maillard,
formerly secretary to Ledru Rollin, was in-
structed by the latter to organise en insnr-
rectional committee in Paris, ready to take arms
at a signal to be given by the Central European
Committee of London. Such was the activity. of
lkleillerd that he had formed the nucleus of a society
that h►d put itself in communication with the de-
partments, and had made such progress as to be able
to send to London within the last few days to take
Ledru-Rollin's final instructions.

per:

It was on the return to Paris of the emissary sent
on this occasion that the Prefect of Police infqrmed
the authorities that the time had come for putting a
stop to all these proceedings. Warrants were issued
simultaneously to arrest persons designated at the
office of the Voir du Proacrit, 164, Rue Montmartre,
and at the office of the Proacrit, at St. Amand.
Forty-seven arrests have been made. All the pri-
soners have been sent to the prison of Mazes, and
this explains the reason why the Prefect of Police
has within these few days sent away several pri-
soners who were there, in order to have vacant cells
at his disposition. .
I give this account precisely as I hear it, being
able to express no opinion, one way or the other, as
to the reality of the plot, but there can be no doubt
that arrests have been made.

The heat and the drought this year is without
example. Accounts from the country say the email
rivers are drying up.
The ports of Cc era in the Brazils are declared in-
fected with the yellow fever, and thaw of Morocco
with cholera.
The government have advertised for proposals to
complete the roads and form new once in the Minho.
The former contractors, conceiving it an infringement
of their rights, protest against it, and say they shall
have recourse to the tribunals. There is to be a new
road from Oporto to Braga, and another from Oporto
to Ouimaraens.

It appears that several officers of the 14th, at
Vireo, endeavoured to make their escape, but were
prevented and placed in arrest. A general officer is
implicated in the attempted insurrection.
On the 18th the Encounter arrived from Cadiz,
and the Serpent yacht, Lord C. Paget; also the
Sapphire yacht, Mr. Gibson, M.P., both which sailed
on the 23th; the Trafalgar and Oberon have also
pursued their course to the Mediterranean.
Lieutenant-Colonel Diego de Bello Souza Male-
quias has been removed from the command of the
11th Regiment, fur refusing to aid the civil governor
of Beja ; and he is placed on the reserved disposable
list. His removal does credit to the government so
far u the act itself is in question, but the govern-
ment is still remiss in not severely punishing all
those who were instrumental in protecting mur-
derers.

Senhor Ferran, before he left office, issued the
decree for restoring the celebrated Mantas to his em-
ployment in the Custom-house; Palmella had done
the same in 1816, but the events that followed pre-
vented Mantas's re-installation. Mantas was one
whose claims upon his country had been sacrificed to
the vengeance of Thomas. Credit is due to the
ministry for the act of justice.
Another serious conspiracy, that was to have broken
out at Vizeu, and had extensive ramifications, has
been rendered abortive. Three more Miguelite
meetings have taken place. Decision not to
go to the urn. The Custom-house is authorised
to receive bills for the clearing of rice, woollen
cloths, and cotton for cash. A discount to be allowed
of five per cent., and twenty-five per cent. on the
duties of the tea of inferior quality which is in the
Custom-house. The elections of the electoral com-
missioners are in the gross in favour of government
and Septembristas. The brig Tomlinson, Kirknest
master, struck on a rock on the coast of Algarve,
and went down immediately; crew saved.
Exchange, 311. Discount of Lisbon bank notes,
21. Treasury checks, sto 6 dis.

t.tie at a charge to the earantsy of Na rally Mitillilf look place; the gendarme was
which they bear, and a lam of assilltd hy tlie bAsgroom, other gendarmes arrived
..... Wm a 4 n •••••,..one`positive good will be effaced by :in aid sT their feßow official, the people, though
them—that the pay of the active and inactive Classes : without arms, rushed upon them, and the result was
for the present month will be paid immediately on : the slaughter of seven men, three gendarmes and
.becoming due, one half in those billets, a quarter in ' four peasants, them the bridegroom and the
notes •of the Bank of Lisbon, and the remaining brutal assailant of the bride.
quarter In cash. This payment, which is already PRUSSIA.
ordered to be paid to 11 departments on Sept. 1, A letter from Berlin of the 29th ult. states that
and which the government call extraordinary, is not the minister of state Von Thill is dangerously iIL
ee alter the farm already ordered for MB7, 1850, nor The diet of the province of Prussia will meet on the
the sperm of the payment of arrears, and is indeed a
14th inst.
boon to the starving
trifling
• t the billets and turn of Herr von Iteumont, late ambassador of
beak-wen are at; while, If no order for Parent Prussia at the court of the Pope. The conduct of
had appeared, the discount would have been ....r. this gentleman in the affair of the protestant church
cent, areardei which last met" receipts bore, ‘at Florence rendered it likely, as we stated at tho
which this measure has reduoed to 42. The present time, that he would be recalled. lie is to be sue-
pvernment deserves praise for what it has already maul at his post by Secretary of Legation von Ar-
done, and that too with an increased charge and dimi- num, son of the celebrated Beluna of that name.
nished resources, which makes it clearly demonstrable
the Thomar government had undiscovered ways of BREMEN.
disposing of the sums which reached the national The treasurer of the head corporation school of
treasury. The second and third payments for May, Bremen, who held large sums of money in trust for
18.50, are also ordered, comprising 16 departments, that establishment, as well as for other institutions,
civil and military. has been arrested, charged a ith embezzling upwards
The household electoral suffrage was abolished by of 120,000 thalers. The arrest of this man, whose
the decree of the 26th July, because it was thought name is Hasse, who was an alderman of the city,
too democratic; the existing suffrage is alike con- and a most esteemed member of the corporation,
demned by the Cabralistas ; the following return of created quite a sensation.
the difference between the two decrees will certainly
satisfy the most fastidious aristocrat on the one hand,
while, on the other, it will show that, as the Cab-
alists complain yet of the liberality of the franchise,
it is evident that force in driving the electors
from the urn ; chicane in forming the lists, and cor-
rupt influences exercised in their favour, are the only
means by which they ever were, or ever can, aspire
to be ' representatives of the people." Return
of the electors for the parochial elections to
the college in the district of d'Azileira, com-
e( eight parishes :—Aecording to the
rect of the 20th of June, termed democratic,
1,897; according to the decree of the 26th July, 482;
diminution, 1,413. It appears one of the regiments
in Oporto has been active in the organisation of its
clubs; but the well-affected of the garrison have
their eyes upon it. The duke cannot be cautioned
too often.

DENMARK.

Letters from Copenhagen state that the Prussian
and Austrian ministers at the Danish court, have
been spending a few days together at Count Moltke's
chateau of Bregentwed.

TURKEY.

A sufficient answer to the query with which our
Constantinople correspondence of yesterday closed
will be found in the following letter of the same
date as that already given
The liberation of Kossuth is now decided upon by
the Sublime Porte. In spite of all the threats of
Russia and Austria, the I stood her ground, and
when reminded by the English government of its
Promise, the Divan replied, "We keep it." Kossuth
is, therefore, to be released on the 13th September.
His intention, as far as I could ascertain, is to pro-
ceed first to England, to leave there his children,
and to provide for their edncation, and, after a stay
of a fortnight, to sail to the United States, there to
express his thanks to the Congress and the Pre-
sident. But the captain of the steam frigate
Mississippi, which has waited for Kossuth since the
month of June, objects to this arrangement;
he wishes to carry Kossuth without delay to New
York. I do not know, therefore, whether you will
have the pleasure of seeing the mighty man—who,
even when in prison in Asia Minor, frightens the
Czar and the Kaiser—before December.

The dismissal of the seruskier, Mehemet Ali
Pasha, made here for a moment a painful impression,
for everybody knew that he, the brother-in-law of
the Sultan, was the greatest enemy of Russia in the
cabinet. But it soon become obvious that this step
had no political importance whatever. l'ilehemet 1
Ali Pasha remains in the ministry without a ports-
; the new seraskier is a man better trained to
business than his predecessor has been, and the
army will not retrograde under him. The reason of
the dismissal was the reckless private speculation of
the seraskier, which the members of the Divan
found unbecoming for a minister. Iteschid, the
grand vizier, said he knew of it, but he did not wish
to lake measures against the brother-in-law of the
Sultan, and he agreed that he should be replaced,
but without losing his scat in the cabinet, as his
political views were in accordance with those of the
other ministers.

In April, when all your contemporaries men-
tioned the termination of the differences between
Turkey and Egypt, I wrote you that matters will
grow rather serious, since four months have elapsed,
and the question is still not yet settled. You may
depend upon it that Turkey will carry her proposi-
tions, and that she will not recognise a greater
power to the Paths of Egypt than to any other
pacha, save the hereditary.

d to vary low sings% sulteient legitimists offer, is that they We ready to acceptan
apply of theist"' isms am& abdication in. their &scar of every right not -re-
have been so .Villiit_ in ffes an. 4ir ne ; girt if 4
' very active eiert"... th‘t •'es . 'l' tbs.
la.tterit,,*"Vithichls Cmapropes of
elf employments agrjud. tit
constant work, Me 'rennin • • •to be Ili upon. the Votes of the
We doge*, WO@ the • . ••• , ~...„. seems tg throats* a mak. of that
MM. ly, Wat iltere a • . _. . • ilisuctrwhicti pt -'• so Elm&
er of them, in most districts, fo harmony the end of tle session. ..,,
Lion is applicable. They are the At the legitimist conferences held at lOcrant Moles
waperised population produced by seestry-houer, Weirs -determined to sie plan
tem, under which farm servants for adwmcing the period of the intend eons, and
. . . .....•