The Express.
London, England, 1846-10-07 00:00:00

•
THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 7, 1846.
mAyani.----
•zust any the officer's character.h sovereis •-.
evidence that It pre- Prince, w us
Until systematic and compre-'
be given to young men solnthere
ehe
istwo northern regions. man! Coin.', fly to
liberties your wealth, aos-
I henaive professional education
1844. Mr. moll u
prince, 'the prisaner of .e.•
'•-••11. for the army, the officering of our soldiers
evinu'
u'rh i }carsr
t• , hotsaao ever,a s
Burnet, of Gatlgirth, states:—" In autumn, 1814, beneficent sentiments you n now. _
-*ter of blind chance, occasionally good,
tailed to a considerable extent in
in Al.
--utly disgraceful and disastrous.the expiator, net hitusAf es the holocaust, as , .
some ffirmers lost nearly half their crops before olive branch to his enemies. nobly a..
they could raise them ; but being confined to off'f the
Hoe
lung, without do..
r i., however, after all,
of the
The enemies of the country, pecan_
On hint inquired into, or it was perhaps purp.tsely h' luttered replied b • insults ~ at certain farms, it was either not sufficiently
peace v ic we hempy men.
on our peaceful and conmator tos*, in csehan e fur the _
,
"uithly concealed, to prevent those farms getting a bad name and sare.omswhichuhn their odious Jo. meals are daly Had the Carr
a`ole
Mr. Drown, of Langline, in the tame tided. Instead of recei. ing the olive-brand: as a pledge of previous to the .
, he
r•q• potatces."
hon.
mentions that in 1844 the potato crop at concord, they have rejected it with arroga.lt contemn'. was plenty of time—v-
Basques and Natarrese, we have fulfilled our they by this dreadful low it has sidle._
mimenc*catu"Govei n7men__—rt_
tilr'tuu
.nd at a place two miles to the west
offer of peace ! Let the responsibility of the evilu which arc Colonel Iltrinzy, we regret to - t.
automat. to falleErtseuretml
mwarith
theitl winei7dhetvookuntthosewhowlhmeroexcriete.
hilel ewvaelrbsienseesjtehemcdh,o.lderamybrwoikthe othUct,Antuti,ag,
front the same disease. Mr.
an expression which.ice
amis.
ItiGnog, oft:oral
ht,
ph er
mmr p dnk
of
f
had observed fused peace ! Let us unfurl the standard of true liberty, does not seem to he very popular. nee
-in the order, and justice. Charles VI. is the envoy of Providence A correspondent mentions that Sir Choi.' old
to restherorentosoy:jua
nypmlyeapeNritydeapnridvehcal.ppinlrt ohfewhesi•chho
cad
-"ov, who:has promised you a noble, benignant, different articles of beer, brandy, dce moo examining n,
cues
t to flu mty tie wow 1
-.semen; worthy of your sentiments. The result is not stated.' The men.'lstr' they hail tak
irk
Charles Louis is not a restricted to two chums of arrack per diem, 4 • re%
—Mr. Aide
and of seund liberty, ter of course, had prndeved much grumbraa with loud ell
••hfull Prince, an Her Majesty's lith• at Salome were I excellent co.
-en in the were to start from the place for K
h eery
at
•y. the fact, tha
s•fs urrac ee on •e lst i
141'
and he was
INTELLIGENCY. . either side.
woour. the kind, tb
&merry, from sinmvore. the gentlem.
-1"". 7tb, 10k, s,; tift An that •
Ntauntioa Ink Inom poll above t
"Um; !nil r Irum to do they di
first day, w
Carroll. (
Able
t
t.
if
th
a,l
t
is
•
It
It
1,,
to
if
at
Le •
thrt
1'
to
.nd
a mot
nano.
will
I.
.a

THE MUSIC BOOK, New Weekly Periodical of
Original Music.—No. 11. on SATURDAY neat. New Sons( by
WALI.Ar•:, " TIIE FALSE FRIEND," price Gd. Printed (rum En-
graved Fiates, on paper the usual music one.
Nu. 1.. "SING, MAIDEN, SING," Music by Bat" Words by
BLRAT CORNWALL, WWI published bet Saturday.
Office, 1, St. Bride's Avenue, Fleet.street, where Prospectuses may Office,
be bad; and told by all Booksellers and Newsmen.

do without it, and are perfectly secure against any
ruinous fall of prices. Combined with the pressure at
home, there is Ireland to redeem from absolute starva-
tion. All circumstances point to an acceleration of the
gradual process of bread-tax extinction ; the imme-
diate antedating of the termination of its pernicious
existence. Humanity may copy for once the fanati-
cism N% 11101 SCOTT describes as endeavouring to expe-
dite an execution ;—push forward the hands of the
clock of time, and let it forthwith strike '49.

the officer's character. Until systematic and compre-
benaive professional education be given to young men
destined for the army, the officering of our boldiers
Will be a matter of blind chance, occasionally good,
,often bad, not unfrequentlydisgmeeful and disastrous.
I. The non-commissioned officer is, however, after all,
The great arbiter of the soldiers' destinies. On him
it depends to make a barrack-room a decent earthy
paradise (for a soldier), or a human hell. We regret
to say that the author we have referred to gives but
a low character of this all-important class. Servility
seems the high-road by which most of them
attain the three chevrons. Dishonesty and petty
tyranny too oftm mark the exercise of their func-
tions. They are at present selected principally by
the adjutants, whose car they set themselves to catch,
and whose weak points they arc dextrous in flattering.
The author of Camp and Barrack-roam gives flag-
rant instances of the misconduct which can hodly be
separated from power obtained by these discreditable
means. Ile throws out a valuable eugges. ion, that
some institution should be formed in which young
men of good character could be fitted fur the clinics et
non-comm issioned office a; the candidates being drafted
from the line on or after enlistment, and their quali-
fications tested by a close investigation or a probationary
term The advantagesof such an institution would be
many and great. A more respectable class of re-
cruits would be induced to enter, when once a road
to promotion, through intelligence and good conduct,
was opened to them. The elevation of the non-com-
missioned to the higher grade of a commissioned
officer would be facilitated; and the sons of poor
officers might, after probation in this class, receive
commissions at a certain stage of proficiency in mili-
tary knowledge, to be ascertained by a board of
examiners.
While these attempts were being made to elevate
and improve both classes of officers, greater attention
should be paid to the private in barracks and in
camp. Separate accommodation for the married men
should always be given, both in barracks and on
board ship. Regimental, barrack, and garrison
libraries, as well as schools, should be established, and
the canteen discouraged. Greater facilities should be
afforded to the private for preferring complaints as
to treatment, rations, &c. Above all, health should
be considered in selecting camp-stations and quarters.
The picture given in the work we have referred to,
of the camp at Sukkur, on the Indus, is most heart-
rending.
All or most of these improvements lie within the
reach of the authorities. There is a disposition at
present which promises well to the advocates of en-
lightened and necessary change. The army must not
stand still, while in all other callings the slow but
unceasing work of progress is apparent. That state
of things cannot be allowed to continue which forces
a truthful and sober writer thus to sum up his mili-
tary experience : " I thought I could be a soldier
without being servile. I was simple enough to
imagine that unblemished reputation, zeal for the
service, and an earnest desire to be useful, would be
my stepping-stones to preferment. I need hardly say
that I was deceived."

so many years ago as in the two northern regions.
In Ayrshire, however, there is evidence that it pre-
vailed to a considerable extent in 1844. Mr.
Burnet, of Gadgirth, states:—" In autumn, 1814,
some farmers lost nearly half their crops before
they could raise them ; but being confined to
certain farms, it was either not sufficiently
inquired into, or it was perhaps purposely
concealed, to prevent those farms getting a bad name
fur potatces." Mr. Brown, of Langtine, in the same
county, mentions that in 1844 the potato crop at
Loudon Castle, and at a place two miles to the west
of it, suffend severely from the same disease. Mr.
Alexander Montgomerie uses no expression which
may perhaps be meant to imply that he had observed
the taint even earlier than 1814: " The disease in the
potato crop this year is one from which my crops
have suffered to a trifling extent for some time past."
This is all that see have been aVe to glean respect-
ing the history of the rise and progress of the potato
taint in Scotland. At Tobermory, in the west; in
Shetland, in the north ; and in Aberdeenshire, in the
east ; we may say with confidence that it has been
known from eight to twelve years. The observations
of Mr. Davidson and Mr. Burnet show that it has
existed in districts where its peculiarities have either
remained unnoted, or its existence was wilfully
concealed. The report from Shetland shows that the
disease after existing fer some 3 ears, it totally disap-
peared in 1843, without any change being made
in the seed. It may "be that the disease
has been gathering strength and extending with
years, and is now about to become universal:y fatal to
the vegetable. But it may also be that we have only
been made aware of the extent to which it at times
exists, by attention being more directed to it.

man ! Conte, fly e. Mist under the bar.ner of your lawful
prince, whose eovereig.ttt
is the representation of your
liberties, your wealth, sib:
prosperity ; of the august young
prince, the prisoner of .',urges, whose paternal and
beneficent sentiments you now. Ile has sent the
olive branch to his enemies: nobly and generously
ofkring himself as the holocaust, as the expiatory victim.
The enemies of the country, plow-fling, without doubt,
on our peaceful and conciliatory wpm*, in exchange fur the
kiss of peace which we offered them, hays replied by insults
and sarc.ums, with which their odious jo. insole are daily
tided. Instead of receiving the olive-braneL as a pledge of
concord, they have rejected it with arrogant conteintr.
Basques and Natarrese, we have fulfilled our they by this
offer of peace ! Let the responsibility of the evils which are
about to ersue fall with all its weight on thtase who excite
them. Eternal war to; the malevolent who have re-
fused peace ! Let us nnfnrl the standard of true liberty,
order, and justice. chin!, VI. is the envoy of Providence
to restore to you prosperity and happiness, of which you
have been so many years deprived. It is he who can
make you happy, who:has promised you a noble, benignant,
and protecting government, worthy of your sentiments.
Ilusques and Navarrese, Charles Louis is not a
de, pot, the antagonist of progress and of sound liberty,
a. his enemies have asser:ed. This youthful Prince, an
exile from 11,8 most tender years, ha. learned to govern in the
school of misfortune; in it he has studied the wants of his
generation, and the means of satisfying them in conformity
with duty and justice. His knowledge, his frar.kness, his
amiability, and his many virtues, are known to you. Who
but he has claims to your love and loyalty ? To whom but to
him is it given to put en end to the evils which afflict you ?
Basques and Navarrese, let union and decision ho our dev:ce.
Let us forget old feuds, if, indeed, any remain in our memo-
ries. Let us know, for once, what are our real interests, and
save our country and our honour from the disgrace which
threatens them. Long live the King! Ti ue liberty for ever!
Long live our ancient c institutions! Long lire our Farms!
—Camp of Honour and True Liberty, at the foot of the Py-
renees, Sept. 14, 1546.

stead of being placed in the barracks they had f
vacated, and to the occupation of which their I, t''
.1
arduous march certainly entitled them, they had bee,
',,,.."'
put in tents. Their constitution., previously
weskeiC.
the climate and mortalitych, could
thembear up apaa,,,l disease, and the amongst was
~2 more than double that cf any . other regiment. The —1„„,
visors seemed, on parade, mory like patient. disc/tars/4 a fev I: er hospitl, than the soldiers of probably the finest
ment (ccrtainly in point of men) that ever leaded is lark Had the corps been sent to B imbay or Peivaik
previous to the close of the season and for which th, was plenty of time—all the horror, it ha. suersined, ac tht dreadful loes it has suffered, might have bees spend k
Colonel Derinz, we regret to hea, hal been matt
ill ever since the cholera broke out, and it is dou'ited vr he will be able to do duty with the 86th again. His sw
does not seem to he very popular. am,
A correspondent mentions that Sir Chorles Nspier kad4: setting a all the medical men at.Govei assent listimhir
the 16th, for the purpose of inspecting an
elan:tiing sh
different articles of beer, brandy, dw., give, i to
the met
The result is nor stated. The men bed Ise ea previeuely • restricted to two drams of arrack per diem, ids ich, as a ale
ter of course, had Frevelw•ed much grumbling.
Iler Majesty's litir at &Alcor were very at lely. •rhl
were to start from the! place for Kurrachee en tl 't lst but.

It WU

the fret.
jority in ..
close of thi
1.644 ; 110,
bitiOri of tt
hiSSCS, ,
Sir G.
was not a.
porters,'
present
glre hint en'
had taken n,
rendered tee
aldermen.
were voice:
Court of Al
would entire
city oughts
He would
they had t:
_Mr. Al&
with loud ei
excellent co,
the fact, the
and he vrie
either side.
the kind, tl
the gentler,
All that ci
poll above t
to do they el
Ant day, v
Carroll.
Ilr. Alden,
taken care I
contest twat
with 116 0.
sous %%rote It
altogether en
of 11 wand I
letter from ,
borate the
was himself
summoned t 4
ho would ask
to be rt padie
lie thought
which his b
appearing..
Anderton 11111
Sir O. Car
said yesterdis
o'clock on t o
was, that the
him had the
Carroll from
by thankiug
occupied on
addressed th
two o'cloth t
Tits: I'o
I:flare-tons.
St. Pati,ra•
mouth Arme
pose of adept
pedtent for tl
the pari-li.
voted into th,
the minutes,
ensued lietwe
and Laurie,
confirmed ;
the prt cedine
COUpCr, the .
committee of
'duct of all tit,
consider the i
liO4ortlo, UI
the worktainn
found in 01
been made
that the es
house was
when it v
house was iii
which has be
further Mon
press their i
others centside
tion
.wiliitie6h he
irw.
the place ratio
the most tritli
thing ought to
sugge.tion, if f
factory to the
sidered, that
could only ac
impartial Om,
the motion.-1
proposition tin
satisfied the I
thought that
bra loud tone
as au amenein
it be left out,
a COratilitteit to
An angry ant/
length, the as,
by the chair
went. It .
Whitford's rt.'
pressed for a di
earned by a nif
E.IItLY (.1.
the klefropolit
evening, at Ha
the purpo-e 01
theof
shortly add.14r....,t
bled, in accord
a committee to
what was the
ceased to earl,
Early Clotho:
that their etf
particular el•
bring under
There had been
their objee; :
Parliament , of i
last had been p
the matter re.fi.
they asked a on
object.—:.lr. k i
conded, it re-eiu
year, which w.
Wilted various
lonsliire, tihffer
oil with gr. at .
where the .1101 •
district meetink
Cushy with the a
l'Unfac Ili
Ostrich, arrived
brought a Iseg
tronsitts to Den .
the government
Ildu•eurn at Col
that state. 'ln
Board of Custin •
shipped to Mad
through this cot
to the goveriarne
permitted to be
been nettle •f tlt f
lotions fur the . .
lit:mi.:MKS
the lthrlit thin. I,
anskitratik• eitlieli
kV' Many mirth 4
lee0111111(Thl .1110111 d
WY Ildsilll ~..:Itg til
Phileibey of Lauleit
Slog tintilif 1r w.f..,
mu, of mod:netted
ilelocy of iiihipling
twaire to nor to loe t
iirring ii, Inidnii,
ild
lee, rt'll ler the
future fitu-perit
il.hip, will rutty
e, unit • 1 -et, k
I. of coniluding
view of preventi
tan with corroetwi
glob ly re,er•sarV t
"Diplom, Loot it
tfla orightul ultra
nwippeur, and, i
',Stein. Yet curl,
tattled Irclaiul titer
to make per the
001Inive 'reined only t
loge moat likely to II
lactive Ira ty try.
they ore now ileinu2
Mani cunwiu.int to yr
Mai no aceit.t. , ow lit
klal,loill leure..; upon
Illitid and "(enlarged
rill have proceeded I
Ltillunil, In the vureßt
rash,iy ii liteh von .1:
MIDI, which G,..1 for
)0 entitled to the tloa
MO Crt AN it W•LA 11..4
liDo On a (ark,. pre
ari?lt front Hoe Ondol
iffeds. llenour
CI ao`eS hare concur
net In -fisted to tato'
every .....i,flancl., and
104 the receiver.
thillt in thus pis
L not to lay be
but to prepare
MK now tdke ph
"%Pisa is the primal,
obsertins isfimedi.te
I arfare.,, your hie,
meat extensive, mi.
to all, and tote...On,
net produelnz, awl,
malts which ore ail
=Me Cause unto not
1/I•Wer is In every oi
is bardlY a Person w.
mak and oatmeal, i.i
drily the warm. to,,u
in a kindred or in, ,
speak without pr,d.ff
faithful sere:tat,
11()Rsk8 VER
the railroads, ani
many people won,
Son 'of horses USCI
generally predietc
1

" TIIE FALSE FRIEND." New Song by
WALLOW. WOMA be T. M.o. Prlee iol., being No. 11. a
TU MUSIC 11001:. Printed from Engraved Elates, on ImPor the
usual music size.
No. 1., "SING, MAIDEN. SING," music be Ilurr, words tif
Bsnrr CORNWALL, was pub u&d last Sault-Joy.
OM7e, 1, St. Bride...avenue, Fleet-street, where Pros,
iectuses may
be bad; awl mold by all booloelle. s and newienen.

'NEW SONO by WALLACE, " FALSE
FRIEND," words by T. Roos., price rol., on saturday next,
being No. IL of the MUSIC BOOK. Fruited from Engraved Platte,
on paper the usual mxsie site.
No. 1., "SING, MAIDEN, sING," music by Bost, words by
Roane Coo mars. was published last Saturday.
Office, I, St. Itrides.acenue, Fiect,treet, where Prorpeetuses may
be hal.: and sold by all bookuellem and newsmen.

TILE case of MATTHEWSON, a private of the 7th
Hussars, convicted last week by court-martial,
will probably excite attention from his evidence
given at the inquest on FREDERICK WHITE, and his
subsequent insinuations against his commanding
officer. It appeared to us at the time that the public
sympathy expressed towards this man was ques-
tionably, if not ill, directed. His evidence at the
inquest was not corroborated. His character in the
regiment, before the death of WHITE, was bad. At
the time WHITE was punished, he was himself under
sentence for using improper language to his superior
officer, and for insolent and disrespectful conduct
towards Lieutenant-Colonel WHYTE. It is probable
enough that 111.vrrimwsos is a bad soldier. The
late charge against him is of using threatening and
disgustingly abusive language to Lance-serjeant
ROBERT O'DONNELL, while on duty as sentry at the
Cavalry Barracks at Hampton Court.
We cannot for a moment think it probable that
any vindictiveness towards MArrnEwsoN, on account
of his evidence on the inquest upon Wit I IT, is felt by
! Colonel WHYTE, or any officer of the 7th Hussars, or
has had any share in prompting the charge on which
he was last week convicted. The whole tenor of the
evidence in Willi-es case showed the Colonel of the
7th iu the character of a straightforward, blunt
soldier, not remarkable fur nicety of phrase, or tender-
ness of heart, but the last man in the world to cherish
a secret dislike to any one for speaking out. If
MArritEwsoN's evidence was false, the Colonel was
likely enough to say so in pretty round terms. But
he showed himself anxious to impress on the man
that what he had said, true or false, should not tell
against him in the regiment. The private conversa-
tion he was imprudent enough to hold with MAT-
THEwsoN, seems to have had this aim. MArrtlEws(tx
interpreted it in his own, and a much less probable
way, to the colonel's discredit.
The court-martial was composed of officers of
the Blues and the 12th Lancers. Except the pro-
secutor, no officer of the prisoner's regiment was press nt,
or took any share in the proceedings. The prisoner
was convicted on evidence, however, such as a
court of law would have hesitated to convict upon.
The accuser was the only witness to the use of the
language which constituted the offence. A counter-
charge of drunkenness made by the prisoner against
the accuser, was unsupported by evidence. The re-
giment, since the offence was committed, had marched
for Ireland. This was the very unsatisfactory reason
given by the prisoner for not producing witnesses to
' his allegation that O'DoNNELL was drunk. Ile was
declared by Corporal on the other hand, to
have been perfectly sober. The balance of evidence
THE \VSON',,4
thereraZ, OgOingle intit%

YOE TRAVELLEIta ON THE CONTINENT.
Now reed, In kap. tiro., prior Ga.,
PICTURES from ITALY. By CHARLES DICKENS.
Coierrava—Tiula to Cludons—Lyona, the ItLone, and the
of Avignon—Avignon to Genoa—Genoa and its Neighbourhood
—Parma, ri alma, and lidogna—lerrara—Verona, Mantua, Milan,
and the simplon—Rome, Naples, and I lorenee.
London: Bradbury :mil Evan., Whiter-jars.

SHIPPIN•ii INTELLIGIiNCIt.
ISUMBAT.
Autt,Al,•.—August 3rd, &revery, from Singapore., 611, Aden ; Eliraibetb Walker, Louden. trlla, Sr; ,
Scinirainis,Aden. nth, Atiet Rahimon, Mauritius. 11t
Cusnuajoe, Port Louis. 13th, Ann atal Jane. .4den; .1..11 I 3,
Portsmouth. 16th, Lanrick, China, 214, Persia, Loa*,
Marina, Livcrpnol. 22nd, Anna Eiir.a, China ; Laekia,
palm Annul, Mauritius; Bralun n, bmdon. 2.M4 h.d;
from Soa ; (steamier), Surat. 29th, Ayrshire, Adam; tterck, cis
Forbes (steamer), Surat. 2oih, Ilint:uotan, London.
Dersareams.—Auanast 4th, Zoe, for China ; Ilonlerrr, (hie, kk,
Anson Taylor, China ; Raliannun, China; Hatsaa, Chum. "t ,1 7.
blab; China. 9th, Duke of 31 ellington, Mauritius; Ruh
London; William Parker, Calcutta. 11th, Wed Indian,
I rat., Cadeutaa ; .11olaufar, CalcuVa. 13th, Fulau
S 16th, Bolivar, 3lualras ; Sir boug Leerporal. luk Oriental, Calcutta. 19th, itnurvriek, Lowhin ; lacy N t dine Ann and Jane, Coast. 2,411, Duke of Portland, Naa.4,,'
as sal
Madras. 22nd, John Brightman, Cakutta ;
.4.ltaa, 11,d_
Rukeliv, Calcutta; Helen, Calcutta. 24th, Indian. Tutaoria
arid, Ikaidon; Futta li-ahaoomy, Calcutta. 25th, Druid Chau.

One thing we would remark. Its ravages have as
vet been on the whole more extensive and inveterate
in the most highly cultivated regions of Scotland.
Yet in these regions, from the multiplicity of other
resources, least alarm is excited by its progress.
Having thus closed the history of the potato taint in
Scotland to the begiiming of the present season, we
subjoin a continuation of the communications il:ustra-
tire of the aspect it has now assumed, with which we
are favoured from some of the most intelligent and in-
fluential inhabitants of various districts of that
country. . .

FRANCE.—LOUIS PUILIPPE, King of the French,
completed his seventy-third year yeaterda". He is the oldest
sovereign in Europe, except Ernest, King of Hanover.
GEll3lA.NY.—Anunsr OF NIENDELSSOHN, THE
Cosi POS ic.—The warrant issued, on political grounds, for the
arrest of the advocate Dr. hilendelssohn, has given rise to a
curious mistake. At Hernestshl, a little Prussian town, near
the Belgic frontier, the gendarmerie arrested the advocate's
cousin-german. the celebrated composer, Felix Mendelssohn
Bartholdy, who was returning from Belgium by the railway,
and who is also a doctor, but in music, while his kinsman is
a doctor of laws. The artist vainly showed his passport,
which was perfectly regular, and meetioned his office of
director-general of religious music in Prussia; the officers
found the deserip:ion in the pas.sport very similar to that of
the person they were to apprehend, and imagined that the
passport hod been got by some ruse, to elude the vigilance it
the authorities. Dr. Mendeltsolin Bartholdy was conveyed
to prison, and was not released till the following evening,
after he had obtained the att.. ndance, from Cologne, of two
respectable witnesses to his identity.—Gazette Musicale.

DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.
Beams.-girl, lady °flames, Esq., surgeomgeneralom, at at._
bay, 7th August-Buchanan, wife of J., Esq.. C. S., soa,
at
11th Augwit.-Cumpbeli, hirs. J. A. It., daughter, at Came,ore
Aust.-Castnn, wife John F., merchant, saa at
sth August.--Claricson, wife of the W., dauhter, a!
Liaroda, 7th August.--Creasl, Lilly of Cam. Ilenry, Art diem, olaaa,u:
at Poothah, Ibth .lugust.-Gairalier, lade of lieutenant-Chian'. W
C.IL, commanding 16th Br Meal Grenadiers, .011, at Simula, iq
August. -Gordon, wife of Robert, Esq., aim, at Agra, 411 Una.
Harris, lady of Lieut. S. A. C. 0., son, at Cawnpore, 4th Met-
llarri,oth lady of John, Fa., I. N., son, at Cuctun, lib Aunt_
Ilasehrood, wife of Capt., Sri regiment N. I , on. at Pma, tat
August.-Neatly, lady ut Capt tin, 11. M. 22nd regiment, aural*,
at Poona, 12th AugusL-Ltiolay, Mrs. J. W., eon, a! Cakutt t, lan
August-SlcLean, Ludy of Lieut. 67th regiment N. 1., duo*
at Delhi, 10th August.-Quenfin, I * of Major, Pith Rana! Hasse:,
daughter, ut sea, 12th Jidy.-Shortt. lady of LieuteMomcatul,
11. N. 62nd Infantry, daughter, at sinihr, 11th Aogust Isity
of LapL S. It., Assistant Conim'ssionee s. Pronti, r, daughter,
Poorulta, 81anbhoom, Bth August.-Wooden, wife of Mr Wank
daughter, at Naraingapooram, 15th August. - Young, wile of Wilma
J., Eaq., son, at llomhsy, 25th August
-Hume, Lieut-.llexander, of the Ist European Bee
gal Fusiliers, to Mary, relict of the late ('apt. James Dunne, Ile!
Majest'il Uth Foot, at Landour, 4th August. -Ma Jame.,
beth, Jae, Lsq,
11. M. 'Pith regiment, to I homasine Mare, daughter of the late Rer.
Henry Vaughan Towns; ot the paaisii of Vere, in the Wad d
Jamaica, at Meemut, Ilth .lugust.
Datirta.--Campbell, Susan, daughter of Doeb-e .1. Campbell, 11. g.
22nd regiment, Poonuh, 10th August-Cooke, Cornet W., aeulud
to the Ninety nwinient, Light Cueu!ry, ut Poona, 12th .August_
heritage, Miss Caroline C., daughter of the late ale. John M. I leritace,
brunch pilot, aged 14 years, 6 months, and slays, Calcutta,
August.- Potter, Mr., Lite Met officer 04 the steamer at
Iloarah, Gth August.-Prim, Mrs., wie of Mr. Prim, .1.-Istant Steer.
intendant of the Revenue survey, at Poona, Inth August-Seas,
Georgianna, infant daughter of Mr. W. Scott, at Madras, Mb Aeuat,
-shame, infant non of Lieut. Sharpe, 46th regiment, h. N. 1., it
Barr: rapper, 7th August.-Williams,Serjeatit-ilajorllenryllenstal
IL N. I ith Ilmeass, aged 28 years, at ma, off tit • Cape of Goal Hula

(11..XsLOW.—With regard to the prosterts of the working eLywirs
dining the ensuing winter, I do not take the same gloomy view that
many do. I incline to believe that welraye o.! in the manufacturing
•striet of the west of wetland and tae Ilabrides at least finirstifths
of the potato crop, and that the out crop is much le,w productive than
ho- been fur several years, b cattails- true. In some places the Hos
n potato, is estimated only at one half, in others only at a qu irter;
but the latter are kw. But, :a the northern enuntits of Scotland, the
potato is much 1.1,4 injured than with us. Still there Is a delicien:y od
both potatoes and oats. Notwithstmiling, lum not afraid of much
suffering. except in the western islands. st here there are no nation...c-
hases, anti no great public works m mopees to give employment to
the ropulation. and money wherewith to pun.it,e dear t rov
With us matters are in a dirferimt slat,: every prison who is dis-
ms,4 to work tan have eintiloymeat, and the rate of labour never was
high in this country as it is 2' present. Ablesbialled labourers in
and illiout Glasgow :ate grating from ifet. to IS.. a week, and such
wages, even with the high price of provisions, may keep the labouring
man :mil his Lunde as comfortable as they have been for
iny Yeats. My opinion of the probable mice of provisions,
especially bread-stuffs, during the ensuing winter, is that they vv.!t net
average :.hose the present rate, but rather under it—the continent of
Amen,' will afford LA abundance. In my own mind I hive little
doubt that to an anno.pherie influi•ne , acting on a weakened constis
onion of the plant, Born improper cultivation, are we to attribute the
potato failure—l hail almost ~bid calamity, but Ido nut view it in
that light. It alforded Si B. Peel a powertul re.oon for his corn-law
rermin ; anti it wilt, by forcing the labouring claw in this country to
udorga higher standard of food, rids, them in the wale or society.
srl RUNG. - I csatsider the potato crop an abiolute failure. In this
neighboukiessi *the potatoes searelly attained the middle sire when
they became tainted; vegetation then erased, and of nurse tlw crop
became welts& In this country there ran he 31. dependence 011 the
potato crop for the inainteaanye of the ponik : it is to the COIL Crops
we must alone look. I 1.1:11e no doubt myself that the potato disease
too:evils from atmo•pheric come-.; but when the atm.:sphere becomes
tintinusw,l, the potato will retain a place in the rotatent of farming.
.flirt corn crops 11..ve become blighted (nun wane unknown owner
this year, to a coasiderable ex:, tat, though attention has not
been generally direoisl to the eireukrutakicy. his will have
a very set ions effect upon the consumable produce of the enuntry. As
yet there appears little tUstriss among tither agricultural or rnimufac-
t ming labourers here. AU are fully employed at high wage.: a
scarcity of Labour prevails. long as this enemies the poor will
offer tr.. from the deficient home supply of their UAW' articles of
fool. In the I lighiand coanties I beliesethr (LAC to be yen' &Invent
DINuWAL.I--Tlw laboortrs in Itoss-stiire have 14.4 their potato
crops, on which they depended fur stiport, and will be severely tried
unless some provision is made :or them. 'There la a fair demand tor
Labour in the kokuttry at tee-. alt. Xlany labourers hove guns...nth
Aim* the railway works commented. and consequently there have
been hewer hands for local v ark-. Theirs is, however, no sears-its of
labourers, and work- is done at a uteri trifle of .11h.t.:(C 1.1 the low
Tate, ill late years. Steps are taking at Stornoway, with the zealous co.
operation of Mr. Mate-oh, M.P., to pros kV a quantity of Baal to
nutty the &lien ncy occasiomsl In the labiate 1,1 the potato crop. Mr.
imager at Tailor*, has vinous! a small &Id or potatuot
to test experinicatally the etticacy of Autumn planting.

ITALY.—We find the following in a letter from
Leghorn, 24th :—" The general subject of conversation
here is the constitution which is to be granted by the Pope
in the beginning of November. It will comprise provincial
councils with the prineiple• of election, and a consulting
seteite, to be assembled at Rome every two years. It is still
said that the National Guard will be organised at Rome,
where the eiViNl already esists, and will be re-established iu
the provinces, where it ceased to exist in 1832. As to the
secularisation of the higher government offices, it is believed
that this measure will not yet be carried into effect, on
account of the opposition which it meets with. It is, how-
ever, added, that Cardinal Gizzi, Secretary of State, will,
in ail cases, nominate as governors of provinces cardinals
who are favourable to the new system, is are Arnat
and Ciaechi, who arc destined for the legations
of Bologna and Forli; and Ficsel.i and Altieri, who are
said to be inimir d to .tostiia, are destined for the legations
of I'errara and Ravenna, the two countries which conic
nearest in contact with the Austrian dominions. According
to a letter from home, in the (barrier de Marseilles, the
following may be added to the above nominations ; that of
Savelli to the legation of Urbino and l'esaro. Monsignor
Ito-si, legate at Ancona, has heen dismissed, and sent to the
convent of the Mission, to await the issue of the inquiry
which the govetnment has instituted into his conduct, and
Monsignor Grassilini has been vent to fill his place. A
great mmy subordinate officers have been dismissed from
the government offices. Time wirrespondent of the Courricr
de Marseilles 1:0111111M1 the news of the formation of a
National Guanl at Rome of 4,000 ; and that of an analogous:
orgahisatiou ia the provinces.

In the Edinburgh Journal of Agricultifre for this
=ant, I; jalblished a rejaart of the I I ighland Society
on the disease of the potato crop in Scotland, in the
year 1845. An interesting collection of communica-
tions from almost every county in Scotland is
appended. Most of them nre 'dated in April or
March of the present year, and may be regarded as
containing the history of the disease as far as it has
been observed up to that time.
For our purpose it will be sufficient to take the
state of the potato crop in Scotland in the year 1845-
46, as it existed in four great divisions of the coun-
try :—the counties north of the Great Glen (including
the Northern Hebrides, Orkney, and Shetland); the
Grampians, or the mountain moss which stretches
along the south side &the Great Glen from Argyleshire
(including the Southern Hebrides) to Aberdeenshire ;
the Lothians, Fife, Kinross, and Stirling, and the
lowlands of Perth nod Angus; and the Southern
Peninsula between Clyde and Solway-.
The first division includes the counties of Ross,
Cromarty, Sutherland, Caithness, and the Orkneys
and Shetland. With one exception the reports from
these counties deny in Into the existence of the disease
there in 1845. Mr. Davidson, of Tulloch, Ross-shire,
however, states:—" Although there is an evident re-
luctance on the part of many growers to admit the
fact of taint existing in their stored potatoes, I have
examined minutely ninny such, and almost without
exception have discovered the infection." lie admits,
however, that the disease has not in his county been
so violent, " in other words, the decay has not been
so rapid as in some other counties." An important
statement is made by Mr. Tulloch : " I have met with
many who said, ' Oh! if that is the taint, we have
seen it for some years back.'" Mr. Duncan, of Tow,
in Shetland, says, "The potato disease was unknown in
Shetland until some six or seven years ago, since which
time its effects have been generally and severely felt, '
till last year (1815). when it appears to have nearly
disappeared altogether." The disease here spoken of
is obviously the same that now prevails. Mr. Duncan I
states that it " is not the common rot ;" that " the
diseased potatoes are undistinguishable from the clean
until some time after they ace taken out of the
ground ;" and that " they are then distinguishable
from others by being marked with brown spas on the
surface." From these statements it appears that the po-
tato taint has existed, though not to the mine extent
as now, both at the southern and northern extremities
of this region for several years past. It may have existed
in the intermediate counties, though attention was
not drawn to it.
Under the designation of The Grampians we com-
prehend Argyleshire, Ins-ernes,-shirr. Nairne, Moray,
Banff, Aberdeenshire, Kincardineshire, and the hill
districts of l'erthshire. It embraces the mountain mass
between the Great Glen on the north, and the Friths
of ('lyde and 'fay on the south. In Argykshire and
Inverness, that is, on the south or north-west declivities,
the taint was very destructive. In Aberdeenshire,
the northern extremity of the range, the disease
appears to have been confined to the Buchan district.
sairne and Morayshire (from Banffshire there is no
report), the north-eastern declivity of the range, were
exempted from the taint. Kincaidineshire, the south
eastern declivity, was affected partially to a very in-
considerable extent. In the uplands of Perthshire, the
south-west declivity of the range, Crieff and Ardoch
are the only points from which we have reports ; and
at both the blight prevailed to a considerable extent
In this second region, as in the first, there are
traces of the disease having existed to a less
alarming extent in former years. Mr. Lach-
lan M'Lean, of Tobermory (Mull), mentions,
that, about tittle° years ago, when residing on a
neighbouring island, he lost his whole crop of pota-
toes by this disease. He adds : "I had known and
heard of thediscase in the neighbourhood previously."
There is a less certain trace of the taint having been
observed in Buchan eight years back . " It is about
eight years ago," writes Mr. John Hutchinson,
" since there has been a great failure in the potatoes
in this quarter." He thus describes the symptoms:
" Many had the appearance of a dry mould on them,
when taken out of the pit to plant, there being also a
few slight black or brown marks to be seen on the
skin of the potatoes." Lord Arbuthnot (Kincardine-
shire) writes to this effect: "The disease which so
extensively affected the potato crop of last year, pro-
bably appears among the potatoes more or less every
year.
The remainder of Scotland we divide into two
regions by a line drawn along the summit of the hill-
ridge which divides Dumfriesshire from Itoxburg,h-
shire, and continued between Lanarkshire and the
Lothians, and thence northward till it strikes Ben
Lomond. Both are, for the most part, highly culti-
vated regions. The western includes the principal
manufacturing and mineral districts of Scotland, with
a considerable tract of pastoral and agricultural
country, which, from its proximity to them, and from
its being traversed by the high roads from Carlisle to
Glasgow and to Belfast, is more advanced then most
merely agricultural districts. In the eastern region the
a gricult neat character predominates, though rtt in tervals
it is studded with important scats of manufactures. The
richest and most highly cultivated districts of Scot-
land—the Lothians and the Carse of Gowric—are
embraced by it. In both of these regions the taint
was last year almost universal, though its destructive-
ness was less than it has proved this rear. In neither
of them do we find that the taint has been noticed

statements.
But the case suggests some considerations of a wider
range than that embraced by its own circumstances.
Suppose "HaTittEwsos to be all that the harshest
construction of his conduct would lead us to infer ;
a turbulent, ill-conditioned, foul-mouthed, and mutin- 1
ous soldier;—suppose the germs of this character to
have existed in him when he joined ;—what machinery
does our service present for eradicating these, and
implanting seeds of good in their place? Neither
the average character of the recruit, nor his attain-
ment, is as high as could be wished. He usually
belongs to the most indigent and uneducated class
of the community. The array is the last resource
even of this class. A haok has been lately pub-
lished under the title of Camp and Barrpck-
roam, which gives us an insight into the condition
of the private soldier, only to be obtained by the aid
of one who has himself belonged to that grade. Its
author is a young man of education, who lett the pen
for the musket, enlisted iu the 13th, served with his
regiment in Scinde, rose to the rank of staff-serjeant,
and then purchased his discharge, after more than two
years' service. This book contains revelations by
which many may profit besides the young soldier. It
may help to open the eyes of our higher military
authorities to abuses as pernicious as they are rem e-
diahle. We refer to it at present as illustrating the
real character of military education.
- -

Wy. have received, from an intelligent and known
correspondent, a statement in reference to the hero
of the hair-brained scheme exposed in our paper of
Saturday, on which ix lianee may be placed.
" Sir,—Yeur well-timed and important article of Saturday
last, on the Flores Ex; edition, has put the parties coaxerned
in that plot on the qui rice, anti I perceive, by to-day's
Times, they have been ende ivouriag to throw dust in our
eyes, by the publication of long extract:, from au expos,: by
an Equatoriano (i fancy only nominally so), justifying
the invasion and military conquest, by foreign forces, of the
Republic of the Equld it. Let me place the public on their
guard, by giving here concisly General Flores real
"relations" with that state. By the original constitution
of the Equador, the President is to be elected for three
years. Genera: Flores having obtained the presidency, he
felt unwilling to give it up at the conclusion of his legal
term of service. He had a military force, and by means of
it he obtained an obsequious Congress, which elected him
for eight years. The respectable part of the community
resented this arbittary act. The real aristocracy of the
country headed, and encouraged the movement. Don V.
lloenfuerte, the most distinguished man in tke Republic,
and whose mime is moat favourably known in Europe, had
been banished by Flores, but M. Ohnedo, a person of rank
and influence, with other, of the Fame highc r class. came
openly forward to put down the unconstitutional rule and
military power of Flores. lie, finding the total impossibility
of resisting the voice of the co .entry, and this powerful com-
bination against him, capitulated ; and the parties engaged,
desirous of getting rid of him peacefully, allowed him to
retire from the Equader, under the " treaty " which the
Equatoriano has given in his t.r108.:. A new congress was
called together by the provisional government, and it is
most important to state that that body repudiated the
" treaty' made with Fierce, on the reasonable ground that
a simple eitiren or general, for he is not recognised as the
president, which in point of feet he had ceased to he, could
not be a principal to a treat: with the executive government
of the cotiatry. The treaty, the ref ire, was annulled ; sad
General Flores erased to have any legal power, present or
prospective, in the F.quador. With respect to the President
Roca, whoever knows anything of the Equador is aware
that Le then occupied a better plac, in society than General
Flores; himself. Ile is designated throughout as " Zimbo"
Roca a Zambo meaning a man of colour) ; but the epithet is
no more applicable to ltoc.e than to Flores. It is simply "a
weak invention of the enemy." The development of tic neral
Flores' expedition will show whether it he an seer..-ion
purely of his own, or one aided and abetted by Spain, as a
nascent attempt to recover a tooting in South America.
It is enough to know that, in either way, the expedition
is an invasion of a peaceful country by a f -reign force. As
such it will be roosted by every independent state of the
sou:hern hemisphere. As such, if allowed to depart, it will
bring incalculable evils on countries with which we have a
large commercial intercourse, and in which British interests
to an enormous amount: will be exposed to loss and danger.
The enterprise is equally rash, illegal, and hopeless ; and it
ought to he loudly demanded of our Government that it use
every possible means towards preventing the expedition from
leaving either England or Spain.
AN ENGLIAR MERCHANT.

Let us suppose the recruit to be of the better
class of such men. He is subjected to mischiev-
ous influences from his first presenting himself
to the recruiting serjeant. He is fleeced, if he
joins a dept; and thrown among gross brutality
and unrestrained filthiness of the most degrad-
ing description. No books are provided for his
I entertainment or instruction, during the intervals
of duty. His only resource is the canteen, and his
most accessible pleasure drinking. There is no
classification attempted, in the ranks or out of them.
Good and bad are confounded in the levelling uni-
formity of a discipline, in the course of which the
private never, or most rarely, comes into contact
with his commissioned officers, except through the
intermediation of a serjeant or serjeant-major,
often uneducated, dishonest, and possessing no
claim to his post beyond the very unsatis-
factory ones of servility, hypocrisy, tale-bear-
ing, and petty Machiavelism. His comfort or discom-
fort depends on the favour or dislike of these men.
They may be propitiated by the most unworthy
means, and disgusted by the most becoming conduct.
The recruit's feelings of decency are outraged by a
weekly public inspection against which manhood
revolts, and by the absence of all proper separation in
barracks, or en Ward transports, of the unmarried
men from the married and their families. Ile
finds no opportunity, except by thh merest accident,
of making known to his superior officers any claims
to promotion which his conduct or education may give
him. Ile becomes hopeless of advancement, if he have
ever entertained feelings of honest soldierly ambition ;
and he rapidly falls to the level of those about him, if
baffled hope do not grow int., despair and sink him
even lower.
We have taken the ease of a man possessed of
better feelings and more refinement than fall to
the lot of most recruits. But it is obviously the
duty of our military authorities to regulate the
service by the standard which such men furnish. If
few recruits come up to this, in fact, it should be the
aim of the regulations to raise all towards it. The
line should dress, morally and intellectually, by its
tallest and straightest man. The rules should be
framed to fit the best, while they contain provisions
for adapting the worst, as far as possible, to
their limitations. If we would have the soldier
worthy the respect of the civilian, we must
teach him to respect himself. Ile must more-
over have this self-respect heightened and con-
firmed by the example of his officers commissioned
and non-commissioned. Our military academies are
insufficient to furnish the army with a complement of
educated and duly qualified commissioned officers.
Raw lads, hot from the false morality and imperfect
training of a public school, are set to command others,
before they have had ono lesson in the art of com-
manding themselves. Ignorant of the very rudiments
of finis profession, they are crammed with its theory
and practice, in a time utterly inadequate for proper
acquisition of either separately. Many of them go
through the intermediate grades between ensign and
colonel, without b,ing able to direct the ordi-
nary manoeuvres of a field day. The two ad-
vantages which our officers do pusses, as a class,
to set against many and most glaring disadvantages,
are personal courage, and, 'bating some points of con-
ventional barrack-room laxity, a high feeling of
honour. But these form the mere substratum of

The following is Count lontemoiin's proclamatim
to the Spaniards.
Basques and Navarrese :—The revolution, involved in the
chaos of its fatal measures, urges us on towards the abyss in
which it hopes to bury your lihertie-,rights, and privileges—
those precious gifts derived from the virtue and heroism of
your ancestors. Not content with having traitorously and
shamefully violated the most sacred of your venerable insti-
tutions, it has proved false .9 the very promises with which
it deceived the incautious, credulous, end docile children of
Biwa, and Navarre, and trampled under its ignoble foot that
constitution which, if its theory hail becn realised, might
have conferred happiness on a nation with laws less wise and
well considered than those of Iberia. The Government
under whose yoke you groan, and which, whilst you were
armed, promised you a hundred times the preservation of
your privileges, is about to strike a mortal blow at your
dearest interests now that it thinks you powerlem.
IThe tributary system, the offspring of error and mis-
conduct, is about to plunge you into tie most abject poverty.
Your sons and your brothers, torn from their hearths by the
Quints, are about to swell the ranks of your opts, ewes.
The di-loyal and anti-national banner unfurled within your
provinces is a perfidious snare to deprive you of the most
vigorous of your youth. The extraction of salt, the culture
and preparation of tobacco, the free exercise of your industry
and commerce, are about to be abolished by a stroke of the
pen. Your forests, which have hitherto given you such rich
unfits, are quickly destined to pus into the power of your
rapacious governors, not to be applied for the benefit. of the
country ; in short, you will see yourselves deprived of your
deputations, which constitute your power and the wisdom of
your legislation. You will no longer have those fathers of the
provinces who represent your rights and defend your interests.
All your prosperity is about to vanish for ever. You well know,
by experience, what credit ought to be given to those deceitful
promises of peace and liberty. Soon will you experience the
results of your generous but imprudent uonfidence, if you
do not hasten to throw off the yoke which is attempted to
be imposed on you. Will you ever consent, I:bisques and
Navarrese, to such degradation ? Will you stiffer an our-
rage which is a stain on your nobility, your loyalty, and
your reputation i Will you longer bear this tyronnical, and
at the same time shameful oppression? Oh! forbid that
your enemies should complete your slavery arid ruin ! Be-
ware, lest, on en-hained, it may he difficult to break the
fetters which' bind vou. Basques and Navarrese ! at ti -e
words Laurae-hat " let the four provinces rise like a single