The Express.
London, England, 1854-01-07 00:00:00

account. It is not by doing what Is right we
likely to pt more deeply into debt, bet by doing wl
is wrong. If we had been allowed to clit, our di
before the Proth was pawed we shealitiot be
in danger of the horrors ankabeekinadons of IN
The Times argued for the Cis% CIA:Ns. it sik
for the etAl still.

LATEST PROM ABROAD.
RUSSIA AND TURKEY.
•
(sv ammsama MID smaormit itsbasmarm)
FARM, lIAMDAT.
The Moniteur of this morning publishes a dame
calling into active service all the young solcUirs
available under the second patios of the dontingent
of the clam of 1862.

FRANCIS PLACE.

The obituaries have announced the death of s man
whose long services to the public require that he
should sot be suffered to sink unnoticed into the
grave. Mr. Pleas, late of 18, Charing-ate" 11111 Ist
many years one of the beat known Ohba Om*
ters of the metropolis. Through a bag arm st
great activity no man did twee to neve Individuals
and the public. He wee the seemlier sad Mead of
all who had political injuries to snob& of, or PA-
all
wrongs to redress. Begisming life in a compa-
ratively humble sphere, he mimed himself to the
associate and 00-operator in good weeks be
of all
the leading political niketners and political philo-
sophers of the age. He began his ireful public
life in 1793, at the age of 21, as Secretary to the
Constitutional Association—that body which num-
bered Horne Tooke and Hardy amongst its members
—and he participated at its close in the active opera-
tions of the Anti-Corn Law League, and in the
Penny Postage agitation. He maw the beginning of
the Corn-law, and opposed it with all his power, and
he lived to see it extinguished in shame. He saw his
friends suffer for endeavouring to promote parlia-
mentary reform, and he lived to see a wider reform
of parliament triumphant than they had striven for
Few men, perhaps, were uniformly more in advance
of the age, and had more than be had the pleasure
of seeing the good works be initiated or pro-
moted at their commencement completely sneessehl.
Politics, however, did not exclusively sem his at-
tention. Every kind of useful invention, every new
and valuable machine, found in him a liberal but an
understanding critic and a zealous supporter. He was
kind, fearlessly sincere, and eminently practical. Like
the illustrious Wellington he was an assiduous he-1
quenter of the Exhibition of 1851, and thoroughly
admired it. His friends will no doubt in doe time
make the incidents of. his remarkable life known for
the encouragement and improvement of civil heroism.
In the meantime we content ourselves with saying
that he departed from amongst us respected and
honoured by a numerous body of acquaintance and
friends.

IMPORTANT DECLARATION BY THE
FRENCH GOVERNMENT.
PARIS, FIWAT.
The Masiteur of this morning contains a circular
addreseed on the 30th of December by the
French government to its diplomatic agents. The
following is the text of the document referred to :
„Paris, Deo. 30, 1853.
u Sir,—The affairs of the east are assuming too
tto an aspect to allow me at the very moment
circumstances impose new duties on the go-
lerarallnt of his Imperial Majesty, to omit to remind
rad the efforts that we have not ceased to make,
is coder to prevent those complications with which
Europe is so seriously menaced.
"The question of the Holy Places either badly
promilini or aroma Rely understood, had emits" the
ledess al the cabinet of St. Petersburg; we soden.
SM* to allay that anxiety by frank and natr
served explorations. It appeared to us that
Pawl*. mg infringement of the rights of
ost^ a Msemisa of this nature would be awes
eatleketertfy lesegkt to an issue, if emmtarad
at a distaste from the scene that gave rise
to it. Our opinion was not shared by Russia,
and Prince Menchikoff received orders to pro-
seed to Constantinople. I shall confine my-
self to simply observing, that if our views had
been exclusive, as supposed, that if the vindication
of war ancient and incontestable privileges bed set
been sustained with so much moderation, the adobe
of this Ambassador Extraordinary would have la.
gently become the object of a conflict that we have
contrived to avoid.
" The affair of the Sanctuaries at Jerusalem having
been disposed of, and from the testimony even of Count
Nesselrode himself, satisfactorily arranged, another
difficulty sprung up. Prince Menchikoif demanded
guarantees for the maintenance of the privileges of the
Greek church. The cabinet of St. Petersburg did
not attempt to show, by alleging any particular
instance, that these privileges had been violated, and
the Porte, on the contrary, solemnly confirmed the
religious immunities of his Christian subjects.
" Influenced by the desire of arranging a difference
which, if it concerned on the one hand the sovereign
rights of the Sultan, touched on the other hand the
conscience of his Majesty the Emperor Nicholas, the
government of his Imperial Majesty, in concert with
that of her Britannic Majesty, carefully sought the
means of harmonising the interests, at once so deli-
cate and complex, that were at stake. The cabinet
of St. Petersburg cannot have forgotten the seal and
the loyalty we displayed in our endeavours to &oom-
ph* this difficult task; neither can it deny that the
resistance of the Porte to join in the first plan of the
transaction which emanated from the conference of
Vienna, was not the sole cause of our non-success.
" Pending these different negotiations, grave facts I
warred : a Russian army crossed the Pruth
sad invaded, in the midst of profound peace, two
perinea of the Ottoman empire. The squadrons of
Praise and England were obliged to approach the
Dardeselles, and from that period, had the govern-
ment of his Imperial Majesty so willed it, his naval
brass might have anchored in the waters of Con-
dentinople. Nevertheless, if he judged it necessary
le establish his right, still more was he intent on
brew displaying his moderation. The nature
ef the relations between Russia and the Sublime
Porte had become too abnormal to prevent
a state of war from succeeding to one of
peace, or rather, to speak more accurately, things
maid not but assume their true name, and the ag-
gression upon the Turkish territory prods.," its m-
ammary result. This change in the state ef oaks
obliged our squadron to make a fresh movement, aid
at the request of the Sultan, the French leg ap-
peared in the Bosphorus simultaneously with that
el
"Nevertheless, sir, we had not renounced the hope
of ea arrangement, and in concert with Austria and
Pirtills,4l we already were with England, we conti-
nued to pursue a pacific object. New proposals, far
tbe moons of which we shall not cease to employ oar
Ma% have been presented to the Ports by the re-
plimiltatives of the Four Powers.
No treaty concluded with Russia interdicted oar
skips of war from navigating the Black Sea. The
ttes# of July 13, 1841, by closing, in time of pease,
fire passage of the Dardanelles, and that of the Bow
Ow" reserved to the Sultan the power of opening
them in time of war, and from the day on which his
Highness had allowed us free access to the straits,
the entrance of the Euxine was legally acquired by
as. The same motives, that had so long detained
us in the Bay of Beeika detained us likewise in the
roadstead of Beikos. The government of his Imperial
Majesty sincerely desired to testify to the last those
sentiments of friendship which it professes for
Russia, and to display in the strongest light to the
eyes of the world the responsibility of an aggravation
in a state of things, which all its forbearance had not
succeeded in modifying. It felt a pleasure too in
thinking, in accordance with the most recent de-1
spatches of General Castelbajsc, that the cabinet of
St. Petersburg, satisfied with the occupation and
which it considered as a surety, would nowhere
amine the offensive in the contest it has so unfor-
tunately commenced with Turkey. It appeared to
us sufficient that the presence of our flag in the
waters of Constantinople should attest our firm inten-
tion of protecting this capital against any sudden
danger, and we were not desirous that its premature
appearance on the coast too near the Russian domi-
nions should incur the risk of being considered a

15be Court.
WINDSOR, lAN. 6.
The dinner party_yesterday included the Duchess
of Kest, the Lady is Waiting to her Royal Righter, Lady
Frailer um the Erl and Countess of Shelburne, the
Right Rea. W. E Gladstone, Sir Charles Eastlake, and the
Has. Morn Eulteel.
Tbe bead of the Scots Fusilier Guards was in attendance
la the Castle Melia dinner, sad played the following
seleatiee
owleeele " ledissed Code" =.
mireeers=ieen"....—.
leisolee Dudes NW"
omen, seeable
Hes Melesq's pewee heed attended in the awning, sad
perfeeseed the tellewl coospositteas :
CbsnewL
K"eoullesse, "Le he sea Owes" .... tweed..
Mame"
The attended by /Jimmies& Jocelyn, drarove oat
in a sledge weralsg.
The Prime ef Wales, asseepsaled by the Earl and Coun-
ties of Ifialbarse, followed in a assist sledge.
The Hee. Flea Macdonald sad Colonel boaverie were
in etteedeose.
Prime Albert went out shooting.
The Mamie of Lansdowne was unable to obey her Ma-
jeers sweamods yesterday, from slight indisposition, bat
wiU wive te-day.
The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone left the Castle this
forams for Lwdon.
The Rea. Floraldaodonald and the Hon. Caroline Caven-
dish have eueeeetect the Hos. Lucy Kerr and the Has.
Meg Bulteel, as Maids of Honour in Waiting to her

The Bight Hon. Sidney Herbert left town yesterday for
Wilton Hones, Sslisbary.
Viscount Palmenton has left town for his seat, Broad-
-

lands, Haute.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer left town after the
Cabinet Council oa Thursday afterooon for Windier Cootie,
and returned to Londonintarday.
Despatches were sent from the Cobmial•ofilar yesterdey
to the Governors of the North American Provinces, and
also to the Governor of Gibraltar.

The embarkation hayhe 2lat sad 63rd velment. for the
Cape of Good Hope been onaterameded.

THE PRESTON STRIKE AND" THE MAS-
TER SPINNERS AND MANUFACTURERS' DE-
FENCE FUND."

The Manchester Guardian says:—At length the
masters of the manufacturing districts of Lancashire have
assembled and formally recognised the fact that the attempt
now beteg made, by the extensive combination of mill and
ether workpeople throughout the kingdom, " to subjugate"
the masters is succession and detail, has " become a qua-
tics affecting the interests of the whole trade," and that it
consequently becomes " the duty of all parties interested
to ce-operate with and support the master spinners and
asaanfacturen of Preston, in resisting this organi-
attar, and to tender them compensation for the
pecuniary leases they are incurring, by the pre-
sent tarn-out of their workpeople." Such is the
declaratory resolution unanimously adopted at a
numerous and influential meeting of master epistlers and
11110isfseturers, held in Manchester yesterday (Tuesday)
emanlog, representing the districts of Manchester and Bel-
Ask of Colne, Clitheree, Burnley, Preston, Assaingtos,
lesep, Ashton-under-Lyne, Staleybridge, Hyiti fileseop,
Booskport, sad Bolton. Nor did the meeting reee Mee, but
la a series of practical resolutions, which will be heal at
I length in our advertising columns, they settled the gesatios
' of the mode of contribution, pro rats, its Waal prepsoikia,
its weekly oeiloetion, and its daratica. The sum awl oak-
stance of these resolutions may be briefly stated :—A call of
lye per oat. ea the total wages of each employer, is to be
pee into late the bank named, to the masters' defence
immi weekly, satil the strike be ended ; the first pay.
mot to bo Mk on or before Saturday next. The
misetbig, dew psis other resolutions providing for the
get pableelles of their determination was adjourned*
two elk& ea Unity nest. On that day, in all polbi.
bility, they will lave received such general 18.11110111111 if
approval sad ea-operation from the whole of dill 1116111•
manufacturing districts, as will at ace deraceetrato
tba
utter impossibility of the operatives holding out till Of
Preston masters are " subjnated." When this betagnee
pretty clear to the operatives themselves it will blank
whether they will still pursue, or if their lamina owl idw
pates pursue for them, the insane course whir bus.ieegy
inflicted upon themselves and their familial se meek saw
lug and privation, and which, if persisted in, with snob
winter before them, cannot but result in an amount of misery
really frightful to contemplate.

provocation.
"The state of war doubtless rendered a collision
between the belligerent parties equally possible by
sea as by land ; bat we had been authorised to be-
lieve that our reserve would have been imitated
by Russia, that her admirals would have
avoided with like are all opportunity for an en-
counter, by abstaining from having resort to
aggressive measures within those limits, where our
squadron would certainly have kept a more active
guard, if we could have possibly supposed the Cabi-
net of St. Petersburg to be animated with different
intentions.
„The occurrence at Sinope, Sir, took place con-
trary
to all our expectations, and this deplorable fact 11
equally modifies the attitude which it is our desire to
maintain.
" The accord which was recently accomplished at
Vienna between France, Austria, England, and
Prussia has established the European character of
the difference which exists between Russia and the
Porte. The Four Courts have solemnly recognised
that the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire
is one of the conditions of their political equilibrium.
The occupation of Moldavia and Wallachia constitutes
, a formal violation of that integrity, and it cannot be
doubted that the chances of war may lead to yet
other.
" genie months since, Count Nesselrode repre-
sented the invasion of the Danubian Principalities

COLLEOZ OP PRECEPTOZB.—At the examine...-
concluded on Thursday, Jan. 6, the following gentlemen
pared in Classice-2nd Class: C. H.Tomlinson, A. B. Mac-
donald ; 3rd Clam : 0. Hedges, C. H. Phillip*, . Graham,
W. Chic, J. Coulthard, W. H. J. Cattermole J
The lint
classical prise of 101. wee awarded to C. H. Temlisson ; the
second prise would have fallen to A. B. Macdonald had he
not been precluded by being • member of another mai-
venity. Xathernaties-3rd Claes: J. W. Leary. Freach-
2nd Class : A. H. Ease% C. H. Phillips, Edwy Herbert ;
3rd Class: Alfred Condor, Joseph Conirlsard. Garman-
2nd,Class : A. H. Zola; 0. Whitelaw ; J. A. Dearlove.
Italian-3rd Clam: A. H. Buell. Theory and Practice of
Balearic's—let Clue: J. Coulthard ; 2nd Clui :J. W.
T.J. Leming, A. B. Machined, G. Whitelaw, A.
ig W. IL J. catunsou, W. ors, 0. Hedge%
Kirk ; 3rd Clue:Fentiman,
JAL Pagisca, W. Pelt.
Some of the above and several
mime gamma examinations in hilusey, geography, Ralph
reasatilly OA Scripture history._
DIARIII oi CoaLs Is lioaxsinu.—No fosse
I period ie eilMembeeed.when sae\ a enmity fi IS& Weld
seat the pewee time. In Leeds dm mated
in procuring the will he the
wadi if iskabitanta. The Mem see el eteM wad
mils sie taken bun the pit send se fty are
OW the laapeerize adder the ammity
eepedewee
helot OM ilree, at the cat el
great mew leg tran-&lnelemearg el the washer, deem
enerity ie graterjset am them Sim keen he the ha
mud It
In most instants, Imporbeigs, le assize a
=Lof coals, are compelled te If ha SA, =WNW
*air wants by a week, and mmuitimides 6 held..

-
.....esensation for what he called our leek , retreat by a ;damn, and u the bechi-
nen neepaffen. In our turn, we consider that it beinesh• In a t•ineritit they were
le frontier. But the affair
has biomes our duty to mune for ourselves the extent efthei ape
wee not only7farbene having the importance as-
ef the weerweeethel to which we hey° both crated to it, but was net calculated to exercise any
as a power interested in the existents of Torbay, and ! bad influence on the troops, who are still ant-
is cousquese if the military paid= already taken mated with the best Fr
tip by the Russian army. We require a pledge (it M. Poisjade, Fren agent and Consul-General in
Wallachia and Moldavia, had arrived at Constanti-
noes fart saw gags) which may assure as that peace
bill 10 re-established in the Fast, on conditions eePie fees Gekte end Odessa. lie had with him
which shall
net 4aoge the dictributies of the _ the archives of the French minion. The British
re- agent and Consul-General in the same Principalities
spathe fortes etthe gnat States of Europe. was also daily expected at Constantinople. H.B.M.'s
"Tbegevenseeet of his Imperial Majesty and the ship-of-the-line the Queen, of 116 guns, had arrived
govermentof her Britannic Majesty have nose- from Malta, and had anchored before Bechiktach. A
quo* decided that their squadrons shall enter the
large rise had taken place in the price of corn in the
Black Sea. The English and French tae
were still
Bleak Bee, and combine thtir movements in such a at Bekaa
manner, as that neither the territory nos the flag of The following more detailed account of the newel
Turkey shall again be the object of an attack by the from Constantinople is taken from the Courrier de
naval forces of Ramis. Marseille :
that the Vienna note of the 6th arrived at
"The Vice-Admirals Hamelin and Dundu have It is known
Constantinople as the 18th, and that Reschid Pasha pro-1
isessived orders to impart the object of their mission mised to use his influence to get it accepted by the Divan. I
161611 concerned, and we feel a satisfaction in hoping Bat this high dignitary met with the greatest difficulties
from the warlike portion of the cabinet who insisted on
dig this loyal conduct will prevent conflicts which the immediate evacuation of the principalities. The diple-
ws
odd witness only with deep regret. The govern- natio body seeing the obstacles which atom, resolved to
ake • collective exhortation to the Sultan to comply with
Meat of the Emperor, I repeat, has but ate aim, that e?
wialies of the conference of Vienna. Abdul biedjld,
of contributing to bring about a rapprochement be- showed the most favourable dispositions; but, feeling tee'
tween the two belligerent parties upon honourable responsibility he would assume in presence of his people
tag
iUniswtrhyrbeshromulduesnteotd have v:eliabytaiorl. sane.
conditions; and if circumstances compel him to take of his
precautions against formidable eventualities, he pre- hours to have time to convoke the great National Cone-
serves the confidence that the cabinet of Bt. Peter*. :IL This
teeLleilofwlseemeratimleitni;suint r,
of iaoempttreientici of
burg, which tea given so many proofs of its wisdom, ulemas, of the proteseors of the chief mosques, of rhe highP
ftrroecdtioannzieLl active service
en. and of those wllsio have re-
will not expose Europe, at present scarcely recovered
from convulsions. to trials from which the high intel- Constantinople. Y' The the
elitirations and
th;op7eem:asse7ntb7yt
ligence of its sovereigns has preserved it through so were most animated; they lasted two days, and ended by
the adoption of the following resolution : The Porte will
many years. accept the collective note of the Four Powers; it will
"I authoens you to read this despatch to M. nominate a plenipotentiary to treat for peace in any town
"(Signed) DitOUTN DE Laura." except Vienna ;it will accept the declaration of the Four
Powers, that the evacuation of the Principalities shall be
considered as a condition sine gra non ef the negotiations,
and that the war shall not change the territorial
situation of Turkey. The Porte declares at the same
time that it will not renew the treaties which existed
before the war between it and Russia." This latter part
' of the resolution led to long conferences between the
ambassadors and Rearaid Praha. Thin minister declared
that the Divan will not on any account maintain the treaties
of Adrianople and of Kainardji. The representatives of
the four powers have not seen in this objection an obstacle
to a definitive arrangement, inasmuch as the war having
annulled of full right all old conventions, the confer's'!"
will have to draw up • general treaty embracing political
and commeroial questions which shall assure the security II
the two countries. The ambassadors, whose efforts had
considerably modified the ;dispositions of the Porte, suit sir
on the 21st • steamer to Trieste with orders to transmit by
telegraph to Paris, London, and Vienna, information of the
new concessions made by the Porte to the great interests of
European peace. But if the counsels of moderation have
travailed in the highest circles, the irritation of pablie
opinion is extreme. This effervescence has been further
increased by rumours which have been =trent as to the
probability of a pacific arrang•ment with Russia. By a
measure of prudence, and in order to prevent any attempt
at disorder, the Divan came to an understanding with the
ambassadors to bring up imposing forces to Constantinople.
Accordingly on the 21st Dec. three Ottoman steam frigates
and a division of the combined fleet, left Belem for the
capital.
The same journal gives the following explanation
of the capture of a Russian vessel in the Bosphorus,
which was at first supposed to be a fire ship sent
against the English and French fleets:
In the night of the 25th December, a Russian war
schooner, driven by • tempest, entered the Bosphorus, and
was captured by Col. Moustafa Bey, commander of the for-
tress of Anadoli Kayak. The commander of the Russian
schooner threw his guns and ammunition into the sea, in
order to cause it to be believed that his vessel was a mer-
chantman. Several papers, written in Russia, were found
on board the vessel, which bear the name of Aloupka (a
village belonging to Prince Woronsoff, in the Crimea). The
Aloupka had on board the captain (Commander Davidoff),
three officers, and 30 men. All these persons have been
sent to the fortress of Kayak, to undergo the quarantine to
which all arrivals from Russia are subjected, on account of
the cholera. The Aloupka now bears the Ottoman flag,
and has been manned by sailers sent by the Admiralty.
Letters of 30th Nov. from Persia had reached
Constantinople. They state that the Persian govern-
ment was said to have given way before the energy
displayed by the English charge d'affaires, and had
accorded all the satisfaction which he had demanded
of it ; that the former relations had been resumed ;
that the Turkish ambassador had succeeded in regain-
ing his influence; and that, at least for the present,
the projects of Russia had failed. The Journal des
Debate, in giving this news, states that it cannot
guarantee the truth of it.
The Lithographic Correspondence of Vienna an-
nounces that the Chersoithes steamer arrived on the
11th December at Odessa with 300 Turkish prisoners
on board. The whole number of prisoners at that
place was 800, and an exchange was expected
promptly to take place.
We read in the Austrian Correspondence of Jan. 1,

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

Accounts from Constantinople to the 25th tilt. by
the Caradoe have arrived.
It results from these accounts that the substantive
bases of a settlement between Russia and Tar-
key which were inscribed in the Vienna protocol
of Dec. 5, are not recognised by the Porte; and what
seems stranger still, they do not appear to have been
recommended by the ambassadors. The armistice
is already out of the question, and even the represen-
tatives of the Powers seem to have admitted that the
renewal of the mischievous treaties of Kainardji and
Adrianople is not to be thought of.
In the letter which we published last week from
oar own correspondent at Constantinople, it was
stated that when the Vienna note and protocol ar-
rived at that capital, the ambassadors there were
I busy with a project which it was probable the Porte
I would accept. It will be remembered, too, that a week
yesterday the Moniteur announced that the ambas-
sadors and the Divan were agreed upon the terms on
which Turkey ought to accept peace. It appears
now tolerably certain that the common understand-
ing so loosely affirmed by the Moniteur had re-
ference to this first form of the deliberations, and
I had no relation to the Vienna note. The New Pres-
sian Gazette asserts that the four ambassadors were
leo well satisfied of the superiority of their scheme,
drawn up on the spot, that they dad not take that of
Vienna as the basis of their further proceedings. It
now seems likely that this statement may be correct.
The Grand Council which assembled on the 17th
to deliberate on the new propositions of arrangement
drawn up by the Conference of Vienna on the sth,
and presented by the ambassadors of the Four
Powers, was unable to come to a decision on that
day, and it met again the following day. Atter re-
meaning in deliberation to the evening, it came to
the conclusion (as is already known by telegraph)
that the Porte ought to negotiate, if there was a
chance of obtaining honourable conditions. Accord-
ing to the Pays, the bases on which the Council has
consented to mat are, the evacuation of the Princi-
palities, and the guarantee of the Powers against any
new invasion of a like kind, and a new treaty regu-
lating the relations between the Porte and Itussia.
A letter in the Constitutionnel says on the subject :
An arrangement on such bases cannot fail to be advan-
tageous and honourable to Turkey in every respect, and it
would have been madness on her part to have refused it.
But will the Emperor of Russia accept it ? All the question
lies there. Is we of refusal, the French and English ca-
binets will assume the responsibility of the grave complies.
does which must arise, and the Turks think themselves
entitled to count on something elm than a mere moral co-
operation on their part. General Benignly M'Hilliers has
diselayed in this negotiation a straightforward frankness
which has gained him the esteem and confidence of the
Turkish ministers, and it is principally to him that the suc-
cos of it must be ascribed.
Other lettere agree in stating that little hope was
entertained of the new negotiations leading to any
satisfactory result.
Our own correspondent at Constantinople writes:
"My anticipations, as announced to you long since,
respeeding the return of Riza Pacha to power, have
been realised, and he was nominated on Saturday
bat to the post of Capitan Pasha His predecessor,
I need scarcely add, is in utter disgrace. His nets
bails bin loudly condemned by public opinion, and
gam
will isrsunudderscotouontithheassubbeejecnt
sitting
fttinudgieial for
tiwno- '
Grand
awesessively, to deliberate on the last project of
t drawn up as you are aware, by the four
representatives of the great Powers. It will again
assemble to-day, and deliver, it is supposed, a final
answer, in which case, the Chaptal will immediately
start for Marseilles.
"The precise terms of this project have not, as yet,
transpired. It is, however, rumoured that they are
equitable, and that, contrary to what was first appre-
hended, all treaties existing between Russia and
the Porte have been annulled for ever, and hence-
forth, by the act of war. My own opinion, however,
is, that the Turk will be condemned to pay the pots
ceases, as has been invariably the case, right or
wrong, in all his squabbles. The European arbiters
M his fate have long since pronounced him unworthy
of a fair award.
" Adviots from the British and French consuls at
Trebizond reached Constantinople on the 15th inst.
and mention an encounter between the Turkish and
ltaarian forces at Akiska, in which the latter were
victorious. My letters, however, of the same date,
do not mention any decided advantage obtained on
either side. The Turks, however, as you are aware,
have retired to winter quarters, and quitted their
position in that locality.
The determination of the Divan to re-open negotia-
tions led to the disturbances which have already been
mentioned by telegraph. The government, to pacify
the people, issued the following notification in a sup-
-1 plernent to the Turkish journal DjerictiLliateediss.
1 It is dated the 21st of Itebi-ul-ewel (21st Dec.):
The powerful allies have made known to the Sublime
Porte the pacific intentions which the court of Russia
IMO to testify, and also impelling the Imperial govern-
Meant in that path they have demanded what its intentions
wise on the subject. In consequence, on the 17th and
Ott of the present month, the affair was submitted to the
deliberations of the Grand Council, convoked immediately
be that purple, and composed of all the Ministers, Viziers,
Ulemas, military Pachas of the tamp and navy, and other dig-
nitaries of the empire. It unanimously decided on replying
that, sines the Sublime Porte has commenced hostilities to
protect its rights and the integrity of its states, it will not
reject • pesos calculated to guarantee them both in the
present sad for the future. A felon confirmative of this
pedalo* has jest been drawn up by the Cheik-ul-Islam, and
an imperial order has been published to that effect. Com-
munication :of what' precedes has been made to the repro.
sentatives of the Four Powers. The affair at this moment
only bears en a simple demand and answer. The ques-
tion is not now of peace, and even an armistice has not been
established. The state of war continues, and despatches
cusuounciag what has just taken place have been sent to the
palms, and to the generals of the armies of Reumelia and
Anatolia, in order that the course of the military move-
ments may not be interfered with. The object of the pre-
sent notification is to make this decision known to all the
world.
To this notification is appended the following :
The above-mentioned decision having bairn come to izaani-
mously, cessformably to the glorious millstone of the Fetes,
emanating from the sacred law, any One Tito shall allow
himself to speak against the foregoing, shall be considered
to have spoken against • decision come to unanimously, and
be immediately subjected to the penalties which will have
bees incurred for this fact. We announce this provision to '
you for your information.
On the 24th tranquillity was perfectly re•eata.
blished. A certain number of the persons arrested
had been sent to Candle (Crete), and the others had
been released with a warning not to be concerned is
any more disturbances.
The official news which the Porte had reeked edi
the du nt of its troops at Akiska, in Georgia, ware
wadi he. lamentable than had been expected from
the first reports. The Parks had been attacked in

the following :
"At the departure of the courier on the 19th
from Constantinople, the note of the conference of
Dec. 5 had arrived. The Turkish ambassador at
Vienna, to whom the documents of the sth had been
communicated, had also forwarded them to the
Porte. These documents, as well as the previous
negotiations of the representatives of the Great
IPowers, have made the beet impression. The grand
council has resolved to give full power to the minis-
ters to enter into the negotiations for peace, on the
condition that the Principalities should be evacuated,
that the independence and integrity of the. empire,
and the sovereignty of the Sultan should be com-
pletely guaranteed. The change of ministers goes
hand in hand with this turn of affairs; Biz' Pacha
is made Grand Admiral.; Hall Pacha a Minister
without a Portfolio."
The Patrie publishes the following from a corre-
spondent writing from Bucharest :
" Russia has replied to the last propositions of
peace made to her by a display of additional forces
and by extraordinary war measures.
" In accordance with instructions received from St.
'Petersburg, the invading army now in the Danubian
provinces, and which does not surpass the number of
80,000 men, is to be immediately raised to the foil
effective strength of 240,000 men.
" Large numbers of general officers, recently ap•
pointed to commands in this army, have just arron4 I
land have entered on their duties. The following is
the list of such appointments :—General of the stage
commander in chief, general of artillery, aide-de-eF
of the Emperor, Prince Gortschakoff 11. ; brigade
major,Lieut.-Gen. Kotzebue 11. ; chief of the par of I
artillery, Lieut.-General Lazareff-Stanitsheff; chief I
of the engineers, Lieut.-General Lcechner ; commis-
sary general, Major-General Tikanovski ; civil
governor of Wallachia and Moldavia, lieut.-general
and aide - de-camp of the Emperor, Bud-
berg. The 4th army corps, entirely destined
for Moldavia, is placed under the command of
the general of infantry, Dannenberg. It is composed
Of the 10th division of intantry, commanded by
Lieut.-General Soimonoff, and its effective strength
will be 16,000 men. Of the 11th division of infantry,
commanded by Lieut.-Gen. Pawloff 1., and to be of
the same strength. Of the 12th division of infantry,
commanded by Lient.-General Liprandy, and to be
of the same strength. Of the 4th division of light
cavalry, under the command of Lieut.-General Count
Nirod 1., and to be 6,000 strong. Moreover, there are
to be 3 brigades of horse artillery with IGO pieces of
cannon and a strength of 7,440 men. The 3th army
corps, distributed at Odessa, on the Pruth, in Wal-
lachia and Moldavia. Commander, the General of
Infantry, Aide-de-camp. of the Emperor. It is eon-!'
posed of the 13th division of Foot, commanded by
Lieut.-General Obroutcheff 11. At the date of the last 1
news, this division had just received orders to proceed
to the Caucasus. Of the 14th division of Infantry,l
commanded by Lieut.-General Moller 11. Of the 13th
division of Infantry, commanded by Lieut.-General
Marine I. These 3 divisions are to contain collectively
a force of 16,000 men. Of the sth division of Light
Horse, commanded be Lieutenant-General von Fisch- I
.bash, and to have a strength of 6,000 mew.
Of three brigades of foot artillery, and one brigade I
let horse artillery. The 3rd army corps, Commander
10eneral of Cavalry, aide-de-camp of the Emperor, the
IBaron Osten Sackers, officially appointed to this pat
only a few days ago, replacing the General of Cavalry
Baron Ofenber 1., who has leave of absence on account
of illness and wounds. This army corps, at present
the most incomplete of them all, is to be composed of
the 7th, Bth, and 9th divisions of Infantry, of the
3rd division of Light Cavalry, of four brocades of
Artillery, and of 14 Cossack regiments, besides three
reserve divisions that are to be detached from the
army of reserve.
" These forces, in obedience to orders just received
from St. Petersburg, are to be raised to 240,000 men.
Bat the difficulties of recruiting and organising such
a force are so great, that in spite of Ukases and the