The Express.
London, England, 1848-04-06 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 6, 1848:

a reply from the hon. member for Rochdale, the
motion was rejected by a majority of 123 ; the num-
bers, 146 to 22.—Bir 0. GREY, in reply to a state-
ment of Mr. J. O'Cortnanes, that bands of armed
Orangemen were wandering about the north of Ire-
land, intimidating and overawing the people, said it
was scarcely worth his while to give the statement a
denial.—Mr. Humes motion, that in all canes where
the seat of any member has been declared void by an
election committee, on the grounds of bribery or
treating, no motion for the issuing of • new writ shall
be made without previous notice being given on the
votes, was agreed to without a division.—The Great
Yarmouth Freemen Disfranchisement ; Poor-houses
(Ireland) Act Amendment ; the Mutiny, and Marine
Mutiny ; Bills were severally read a second time.—Sir
W. SOMERVILLE brought up a bill for amending the
Public Works (Ireland) Act, which was read a first
time ; and Mr. ANSTEY renewed his motion on the
subject of the independence of Poland for Tuesday
next.

le felt the annoyances of such a position. As en
individual obliged- to oppose hi principles—as a
minister obliged to defend what as a man he is
well-known to oondemn—his position was a painful
one, not only to himself but to his friends. They
even venture to offer Lim a hint. When he felt, and
keenly too, the constant ann)yanoes and difficulties of
the poor-law debates, he boldly said, " not
stand here to defend the acts of others, in whose
affairs Ido not participate. The commission most
have a chief directly responsible to parliami nt." The
affairs of the church are only second if they are at all
inferior in importance to the affairs of the poor. Why
not have for a time a recounised and responsible head
of the ecclesiastical commis.ion? Why should Sir G.
GREY accept a responsibility which all s friends
well know not only to be excessively &wasteful to him
personally, but absolutely to have the effect of placing
him in • false position with parliament and with the

---- -
country?
The government may rely upon it that nothing less
than a measure of this sort—a measure which involves
en entire remodelling of the ecclesiastical commission
—will satisfy those who have scrutinised, as Mr.
RORSNAN and his supporters have done, carefully and
laboriously, the woi king of the existing system.
Lord JOHN RUSSELL, following Sir ROBERT
PEEL, and anxious no doubt to wipe
remarkable
appeal, promised government measures of amendment
to proceed from the body of the commissioners them-
selves. In the words which have recently overthrown
thrones and broken crowns to atoms, we are tempte
to exclaim " It is too later A you ago internal reform
might have sufficed. But now, the principle
throw
is as-
sailed; the system is impugned. We do cot
the blame on the commissioners. They have admi-
nistered, to the best of their powers, a law that was
' moat faulty ; and which, however destined to reform
' abuses, certainly has contributed to prolong, if not to
' perpetuate, them.

Ix directing attention to the revenue returns for
the year and quarter ending
.on the sth inst., we once
more warn our readers against the fashion in jour-
nalism of drawing positive inferences from them re-
specting the state and prospects of the country.
The increase on the quarter of 402,5751. would, in-
deed, appear to warrant a hope that trade and in-
dustry were resuming a healthy tone. But, in the
disturbed state of Europe, it were rash to found san-
guine expectations on such a basis. And theenormous
decrease of 2,218,5111. on the year tells unequi-
vocally how far we have drifted to leeward, and what
lost ground we have to make up.
In only two items of the ordinary revenue is there
an increase on the year ; and in both there is an in-
crease on the quarter also. One of these items is
" taxes ;" and consequently the increase only shows
that, spurred by the all-prevailing deficiency, the
agents of government have been unwontedly on
the alert in collecting the taxes. The other item is
more consolatory :it is the " Post-office -" and an
increase of 46,0001. on the year and 2,0001. on the
quarter shows that, amid all official impediments and
the obstacles of a distracted time, the inherent sound-
ness of the new system continues to make itself mere
and more felt.
But the great lesson read by these returns is the
necessity of a stern and unsparing retrenchment of
public expenditure. With a falling off of more than
two millions in the year's revenue, in the disturbed
state of all Europe threatening to impair the means of
so many of our customers, it would be the height of
profligacy in government not to save every penny
that it possibly can. The diminution in the public
revenue is but a faint index of the diminution in
private revenues : to comFeasate for it by increased
taxation at such a time would be revolting. To
trust to the chapter of accidents, and by increasing
the debt bequeath heavier burdens to future genera-
tions, would be scandalous, even if such a course of
policy were not calculated to endangerthe permanence
of our institutions. There is but one remedy—rigid
economy. Would that the antecedents of the present
House of Commons warranted more confidence in its
disposition to read this salutary lesson authoritatively
to ministers !

TUB English minister at Turin acted upon very
old and very proper instructions, when he dissuaded
CHARLES ALBERT from marching into the Lombard
territory. Non-interference, non-provocation, were of
course the burden of oar advice to all Italian paten-
tate*, Austrian as well as Piedmontese. The great
novelty of circumstances in North Italy, however, was
such as to warrant a departure from old rules
of policy. And if CHARLES ALBERT marched
merely, as an Italian sovereign, to put an end to the
struggle between Austrians and Milanese, without
eating himself up personally as a claimant of the Loin- '
bard crown, we do not see that there is so much to
accuse him of.
We think, moreover, that the best advice which
could be now given to Austria would be, to abandon
the idea of a defensive war in North Italy,where good
or ill success would be alike fatal to Austrian power.
Bad success would but add to the demoralisation of
its armies and the waste of its resources. Whilst a
victory would not only unite Italy against Austria,
but infallibly bring a French army once more across
the Alps.
But such considerations as these are for a cabinet
to ponder, not a general to act upon. And thus we
find General ltsnertet manceuvring with the
troops that he has saved from the rout of
Milan, on the supposition that the Austrian is
about to make a decided war for Lombardy. On ciuit-
ting Milan, RADETZKI, instead of prosecuting adirect
and hurried flight eastward, marched toward Lodi
with the purpose of collecting and rallying the Aus-
trian troops and garrisons of the towns on the Po.
With these he proceeded by Creme and Orci-novi to
Brescia. Had the Milanese been organised or
alert, and the Piedmontese sent to their succour
been in sufficient force, they might easily have
followed and attacked RAJ:lrma on his march, since
they had the advantage of the railroad as far as
Treviglio. But CHARLES ALBERT, contented with
sending a division to Milan, had himself led the
greater body of his army through his own dominions
towards Pavia and Piacenza. Should the Austrians
remain firm in their purpose of dofence,they can main-
tain against Lombards and Piedmontese pretty much
the same positions that they did against NAPOLEON.
They hold Mantua : they are in force atVerona, and on
the Adige. And had RADETZKI remained at Brescia,
or in any of the positions westward of the Lake of
Garda,and in communication with the Tyrol, he would
menace the flank of any army advancing to force the
passes of the Mincio and the Adige. Such were the
positions of the Austrians against B LION A PARTE in 1796,
except that at that time BUONAPARTE had possession
of Peachier& and Verona. The Lombards and Pied-
montese still want these passes of the two rivers ; but,
on the other hand, their friends the liberals are in
possession of Padua and Venice; and if the Ro-
magnese, so boiling for combat, were now to indulge
their propensity, and advance beyond the Po to dis-
quiet the Austrians and preserve Venice at least from
coanter-revolation, they would more effectually serve
the cause of Italian independence than by all their peat
pamphleteering and insurging.
By the latest accounts it would appear that
RADETSKI, either through superior orders, or of his
own will, had abandoned Brescia, and the positions
to the wart of the Lake of Garda, and had marched,
where it is now surprising he did not proceed at first,
—to Mantua. In this march the Piedmoatese seem to
have come up with him at the passage of the river
Chiesa, near Monte Chiara, and to have gained
probably from his rear guard some trophies.
If the stemmas of Austria be wise they will
admit that the re-edification of their empire
can never take place by the recovery of
Lombardy. They may arm and keep a bold face,
and act on the defensive ; but it is sot on the side of
Italy that Austria can retrieve. Germany is now
borne, by a tide too powerful to be resisted, against
Russia, and the Austrian government will be forced
to go along with this movement, which mast end
either in the defeat and subjugation of Germany by
the Cossacks a thing impossible —or by the
liberation of Poland. This resuscitation of one of the
first countries of Europe will establish an effective
barrier to Russia ; but it, at the same time, cannot
fail to rob Austria of another two millions of sub-
jects in °enjoin.
How can Austria indemnify itself for such ruinous
losses north and south—each a fearful lopping off
of Poles here and Italians there ? The way is
clear. Austria, impelled and driven from the west,
must advance eastward, - most take under the wings
of its double eagle the Danubian provinces, now
existing but under sufferance betwixt the conflicting
influence of the Turks and the Russians. Let the
Austrian empire stretch along the Danube, give
itself a port at the mouth of that river,
and share the trade and dominion of the
Black Sea with Russia. Let it rally and
protect the lung-oppressed Christian races of Mol-
davia, Wallachia, and Bulgaria, and take advantage
of the present catachlysm, not to seek to repatch a
European empire after the pattern of CHARLES the
FIFTH, but to match a new empire eastward, that
will be not only conducive to its own greatness, but
to the extension of civilisation and of the great prin-
ciples of European tolerance and liberty.

THE speeches of Mr. HoasilAN, which have had so
much effect upon the church and on the clergy, are
beginning to tell upon parliament Radon the country.
They have elicited from Sir ROBERT PEEL, in
the course of the debate, a speech truly re-
markable and characteristic; a speech much in ad-
vance—not of his own party—that were nothing ;
nor of his previously. expressed opinions—that
were little ; but a speech infinitely in advance both of '
the ministers of the day and of the day itself. It is
said that in the tropics, during the storms which
usually succeed a drought, you may absolutely see
many of the plants around you shoot and grow. So,
after the silence occasioned by a dearth of exciting
topics, should a debate arise that portends a storm, a
careful political observer may rt mark that the opinions
of Sir H. PEEL expand and fructify almost under the
eyes of the Howe. It was curious to watch the wily
ex-minister on Tuesday night : the sudden start
when Lord ASHLEY arose—the deep attention paid to
him—the careful watching of Mr. Pixm rraE—and
then the disposal of the hat, the arrangement of the
hair, and the significant " hem," which gave poor Mr.
GOOLBURN to understand that the notes he had been
taking would be useless, for that his great leader was
about to occupy the table and to overthrow in five
minutes all the arguments his unhappy subordinates
had been six weeks in gathering together and ar-
rang he sing.
Tpeech of Sir ROBERT PEEL is, no doubt, the
great fact of the discussion. Bat the motion itself
is of no secondary importance, involving as it did to a
great extent the fate of the ecclesiastical commission,
and that of some ten or twelve thousands of the under-
paid and overworked clergy of an empire. The circum-
stances connected with the arrangements of the ecclesi-
astical commission, whereby the episcopal and common
fund are dissevered, are of a nature perhaps less ge-
nerally understood than their importance warrants.
The commission was appointed to re-arrange and
re-distribute the territorial tights and poosessions of
the church. Universal consent accorded that the
property of the church was moat unequally divided—
that the establishment, as SYDNEY SMITH expresses
it, was made up of two sets represented by Dives on
the one hand, and by Lazarus upon the other. The
ecclesiastical commission was to reform all this.
What did it do? By eomo accident—as the
secretary describes it—an accident, the eirt-umstances
of which have never been explained—words crept
into an act of parliament regulating the commission,
whereby the revenues derived. from bishops were ne-
cessarily kept apart from the revenues derived from
other sources ; and the bishops' simple revenues were
specially devoted to episcopal purposes, though what
those purposes were was actually left in doubt. Such
an unexpected occurrence might, it would naturally
be supposed. have placed the commissioners in consi-
derable difficulty. They might, as one would have
thought, have felt great delicacy in dealing with a
fund like that derived from episcopal incomes, certain
to present an enormous surplus, if only episcopal
wants and wiohea were to be provided for. But the
commission soon found that not only episcopal wants
grew fast, but that episcopal fancies required to be
consulted. Oar bishop had no house—the commission
proceeded to build him one ; they built it on his own
plans ; they erected where he liked, and when he
liked andy bought esta ; they speculated in rever-
sions oubtful titles; hey built gorgeously and
far beyond the wants of the best endowed pre-
late; they pulled down where to pull down
was destruction they built up where erection
was unnecessary. In this way they squandered
hundreds of thousands of the money of the church.
In the meanwhile what became of the poor clergy?
Hundreds upon hundreds of pastors existing upon a
miserable stipend of from 501. to 2001. a year
\
urgently craved aid from the commission. The most
deplorable representations were daily made to them.
To some they gave hopes: by others they dealt more
nAlejednu:itK
,tifloeyr tihs:Ltdooakrenpoo notice epthn eir appgcs.i.
sions, and what did it present? Some tundred or
two of livings raised to 1501. or 2001. a year in pro-
portion to population ; some trifling assistance given
for the erection of parsonage houies, and a general
paragraph, expressive of deep regret that the state of
their funds precluded their receiving any. further ap-
plications. And yet all this time the episcopal fund
was producing annually its surplus thousands.
Mr. Hoassue, who has taken in hand the
case of the working clergy of the church, moved
the house to abolish this iniquity by abolishing
the distinction between the funds. Lord ASHLEY
seconded the motion. It was no small testimony to
the importance of Mr. lioasmstes proposi-
tion—it was no small recognition of the sin-
cerity, the good faith, and the power of his
appeal—that the noble lord, one of the most difficult
of all our aristocrats to lead or to guide, should almost
as it were spontaneously have started up to place on
record his opinion of the importance and the justice
of the motion. Mr. PLOMPTRE and others aclmow-
lodged the importance of the noble lord's adhesion,
and still more significant testimony was borne to it by
'cu" the speech of Sir R. PEEL.
It is a disadvantage of commissioners, felt by
themselves as well as by the ministry and the pubic,
that they are frequently obliged to be represented
in parliament at " second hand." The HOME SE-
CRETARY is the reapplied oracle of the node-
siastical commission. In parliament he is its
putative father. The unwonted irritation &-
played by. the right honourable baronet on
Tuesday night sufficiently attested how mtch

tart' of the district on the charutrof having ditri
Int;ed numerous copies of a circ ,in which ,t,,:
no transition can be made without having forresult the suffer-
ii...i...._inesposiaily
to
bbeuregildirengtudfortutht
in
the
etinreew
.?teurftianon
ofpeoaplane.
dares that the people of Berlin have dishonouredhe
of
leatieengswinorewwelarlatiesibemwmillhanochaur 9:l4lneeltneiacqsawtcfdir:utlikaMubizdiechaearinoCecemill!hitate,:iftid
aapuresuathitoiiretnyt,toanof dcrt:ini
create
tewprohievicivcoethlinerw:eonx:phioresson.cionTshere:Zed
self favourable to a reaction,
--.'wyualdtweliulv ;red' linuprisonthere intoKln.
gth'seP°hawcedri: anfdoecre:
the head
wthe„ll.asantethmeanminuierot
wheraleitifgmethemth..
"Tragoofvethmemsetantet,imt;
strengthen the bonds of legal order, to animate confidence., to immediatelyever, being him.
of trade and labour dependent on wages. The government liberty. The Will be referred to the oom
years of peace, the Prussian army
raise up the enfeebled credit, and to bring about the revival
tribunals....itis
calculated
Meld
800 millions of thalem
to the honour of Germany. It relies, therefore, on last thirty-three
ifted"Dimet-, thauThe Hamburg Boraenhalle contains a lette Tram
h.locilloeunrdeefavirermanr to
ypwreir peenneixt,teanmsld topeareceeteirew peacet°l4wlsithinthe
the healthy power of the citizens, who are now called has cost not inn
umtnttoaboshorwelithasotnthezewezesirid"pecfeoroffreedtheom.
high The
t cm
given in the full freedom of deliberation and conviction. No A note is said to have been received here from the
upon an assistance which, when afforded, shall be only Bee;io, which nye:
re
one will be desirous of keeping altogether aloof from the ion- government, tcethe purport that the Emperor clots not • ...
priesion which a powerful and unmistakeable expression of to interfere in the domestic affairs of Prussia ; but thou* if
public opinion is calculated to make. No one will wish to Prussia should resort to measures which might effectthet a-..
di ny that in certain times it is both beneficial and unavoid- tegrity of the Polish Russian dominions, Russia woad Li-
able to act in a manner which at another time might not independently. according to circumstances It
beet —,,,,,
conscientioudy, appear advisable. Undoubtedly this high asserted, that letters have in the meanwhile rscrir""L'
assembly, during its deliberations, took into account the here from the frontiers, which mention the a —„,
altered couttition of the state of affairs; loomse free games- the Ccesacks at Tilsit to 50,000 strong. I hearPof nereerie;
sion of its opinions this day will be we to the country, aggressions which these hordes hiel committed on th .P
frontier.
a.-well
of the assembly, on the let, it was decided
t mai*
eiewell as to his Majesty anendtethr.de adinviseto naoffrtheee 7...13...Tiihme
Prussian people, sine. they have in the press., and
that the constituent assembly should meet iii foe
FRANKFORT.—During the concluding proton,/
en public occasion',
of their most important affairs, must not forget that it is
only in the strife of opinions that the truth breaks forth, and
the' in order to maintain freedom every opinion sh,ouglread
libey weheetrgksedatwFitrahntkfheoturt. k Mof.
agaGagisetingrn, othl
el/Garemmetanadtic, theui:
freely and justly expressed. If the high united Diet, as proposed to elect a committee of 50 members, to hp
well with regard to its composition as to ifs eights,
until the meeting of the constituent LI
differs from the future representations of the people, the
port the interestsof the nation, ateltM y, to ND.
government still lays great weight upon its counsel, and in
that spirit I submit the royal propositions to their investigate
lion and ezaraination. federal affairs, and confer the faculty of taking the
The royal commissioner then read the following initiative in making. proposals. Also, to invite the
projects of law Germanic Diet to join the committee in carrying rm
the constituent assembly ; and, lastly, to charge the
We, Frederick William, by the grace of God, King of the affairs of the confederation until the meeting of
thofeaanmaetimobnlaly constituent o lveljto
Prussia, tic. ter., to our states assembled in the Sec
united Diet our royal greeting.—ln order to call into committee to convoke the presentassembly '
existence the constitution promised to our faithful people on in case of
tea
. that
du:inte
tile,t hial
"
the broadest basis, it is necessary to connect its provisions usseer-
people having a sledding vote (teschlassfohio). We have, demand that the Germanic Diet, in taking into NA.
1 with an assembly of freely-chosen representatives of the
aidlenratthioensitthtienegstoafblithshe
assembly, should disavow any exceptional resolution
establishment
therefore, cauaed • provisional law of elections to be drawn
' rep containing the prop skims by which this assembly,
of the Diet contrary to the federal act, and realm'
which in the very nature of its mists is not susceptible
of a division into [two.] chambers, will be chosen and formed.
'The South Germans have proscribed the French
Whim we submit this project of law to the last united Diet any of its members who may. have concurred in paes.
which will be held in its present form, we recom- ing them, and putting them into execution.
military vocabulary, and they have changed the words
t battalion,
. and company into hrerschaar,
mend its speed.y examination, in order that, through the
establishment without delay of a firm, popular, and open
swyestehmaveofsigrocevererinymee.nidte,
aalvlouthreosed
toblessmisincemag,
atioursefaTthhifrulb relgilLen e
, and noble people through a full and real development of a banter, and fahulein. The names of the officers were
[ free constitution. This constitution, the project of which equally changed, and those of lieutenant and adjutant
we shall lay before the new assembly formed on the basis of exploded.
I the law of election should, according to our view, and in AUSTRIA.—We have no later dates from Views',
order to fully attain its end, be similar in form to those of
h Stadion, Chief Governor -..
many, and should be in accordance with the united efforts Count Redolp of Bohemia,
the majority of the constitutional governments of Ger. but
, we have some additional items of intelligeeee
hitherto made for the formation of a general German consti- has resigned. Count Debut, just returned from ere-
cow, is dangerously ill. Baron K ebeck is also very
Cation tor the confederation.—Glum at Potsdam, the 2nd of
April, 1848.—Signed, FIiEDINUCEWILLIAX, CAMPRAUBEN, ill : should he die, the liberal Count Francis Stadion
will probably take hie' place. Archduke John has been
COUNT VON SCHWERIN, VON AVERBWALD, BOILNEM•NN, .
VON Mrtal, HANSEMENN, and VON NETHER.
PROIECT OP A LAW HP ELECTION for the assent., y
el chosen as delegate to Frankfort.
which will be convoked for the purpose of agreeing to the
Prussian constitution.—We, Frederick William, &c., atter
having consulted both chambers of our states, assembled is
united Diet, and on the propoeition of our ministers of state,
ordain es follows:-1. Every Prussian entitled to a
domicile in the country, who is 24 years of age, who has
not been deprived of his full civic rights, and who has re-
sided during one year in his district, shall h
have the right
to vote as an original elector ( Ureeililer), provided e does
not receive p or-relief from public funds, or without
menial pos-
sessing his own household, board, and wages, n a
capacity (in einen die/minden verbsllnisse.)-2. The original
(or prunst) electors of each district shell elect one elector.
out of every. population of five hundred souls; and that
right of election shall hold good even when the pooulation of
adistrict is below 500, but above 300 Should its popula-
tion be under 300 the land councillor shall connect that dis-
trict with one or more, in order to form an electoral circle.
In districts of more than a thousand souls the election shall
take pace in circles, to be limited in such a manner by the
local authorities as not to allow of more than five electors (of
the second category) to be cboaen for one district. Inhabited
houses not belonging to a district union will be connected
with reterence to the votes of the primal electors with some
neighbouring state or district.-3. No one is entitled to be a
.econdary elector except in the electoral district in which he '
is a primary elector. —4. The election of the secondary
electors shall take place by electing cards, and be de-
cided by an absolute majority.--5. Every Prussian entitled
to a domicile who has completed hie 30th year, and has not
forfeited the possession of civic rights, or who does not re-
ceive poor relief from public means is eligible as a deputy.—
6. For every circle (or rural councillorship), as well as for
every town which does not belong to such circle, there shall
be one deputy chosen. Should the population of
the circle of the state reach sixty thousand souls
two deputies shall be chosen, and there shall be an addi-
tional deputy for every farther 40,000 souls; so that three
will be chosen for 100,000 souls, four for 140,000, and so one
n.
—7. The population shall be reckoned according to t
census of 1846.-8. The primal elections of the secondary
electors will be carried on under the direction of the muni-
cipal euthorities, or (where no aldermanie body ezists) of the
burgomaster. Our minister' of state will determine on the
necemary.arrangements respecting the carrying on of the
elections in rural districts, and with reference to the verious
differences existing in the institutions of the provincial dis-
tricts. In the circles the election of the deputies shall be
carried on under the direction of the rural councillors, and
in towns not belonging to any, rural councillorship under
that of the municipal autlionties.--9. The election of the
deputies shall take place through cards inscribed by the
electors themselves, and according to an absolute ma
joins • and moreover, so far as the elections in circles
are concerned, in the chief place of such circles.
When there are more than three deputies to be chosen the
election must take place by circles, the limits of which the
authorities called te the direction of the elections will deter-
mine.-10. The elected deputies vote according to their own
independent conviction in the assembly to be convoked, and
are not bound by any missions or instructions.-11. The in-
vestigation into the legality of the elections is the business
of the future assembly.
After reading the foregoing royal propositions the
commissioner declared the Diet open. It was all but
unanimously resolved to vote an address to the King.
A committee was appointed to draw it up, which was
done in the following terms :
Your royal Idejesty has assembled us around yea at a
moment in which the German people, long restrained by
divisions and want of a free state of affairs, now rise to unity
and freedom with all their original form. All races give to
each other a fraternal hand, and Prussia desires nothing
wester than to be a spirited member of the worthy whole.
But freedom alone gives animation. It is now enured
to the entire German fatherland through the repre-
sentation of the people in the German Diet,_ a
representation now in course of formation. Thin
liberty is assured to Prussia through the institutions which
your Majesty has promised as the foundation of the
Prussian constitution ; and now that we are assembled for
\
the last time, we feel deeply convinced that for the future a
real representation of the people will preside over the
destinies of our fatherland. We are still, however, the
legal organ of the country, and in that capacity we have
duties to perform. In the patent of the 18th of March of
this year, in the proclamation of the 21st, and in your de-
-11 MOM of the 22nd and 28th of the same month, yours M-
aj jests, gave the assurance that you would lay bef the
representatives of the people the following projects of
law;—On freedom of the press; confirmation of personal
freedom; right of meeting
; independence of judges; aboli-
tion of exemptions from ordinary jurisdictions, and the privi-
lege of administering the police in private domains; public
and mid judicial proceedings, with juries in criminal cases,
and especially for all political and press offences ; equal poli-
tical and civic rights for all religious creeds ; constitution of
a general national guard, with free choice of officers ; a po-
pular law of election', representing all the interests of the
people; the co-operation of the representatives of the people
in the assembled legislature and in the economy of the state,
by a simple majority ; responsibility of ministers ; the oath
to the constitution to be taken by the army. Your Majesty
has further ensured the co-operation of Prussia in the changes
to be mule in the German union of states into a confederacy,
with real representation at the confederacy. Whilst we I
thankfully receive this assurance, and whilst we recognise 1,
that constitutional monarchy will now exist in Prussia on ,
'bhuet utrae ;a ofrte"ipeo"jele,ot onip/eSe
ourt etouu..tis.tuti.gealpeduopeL
GERMANY. will not, whilst it rises to freedw om
ch, abandon irussia hasts historbecy. It
----- honours the monarchy under hi Pome
OPENING OF THE SECOND UNITED DIET. Breit; it sees, in its constitutional establishments, the surest
PRUSSIA.—Our correspondent writing from Ber- tee of the freedom, the welfare, and the unity of
' and considers it as necessary for the internal union
lin, on April 2, says, " This being the day appointed Varotiaberman confederacy. It recognise+ that Germany,
for the above ceremony, the civic guard were stationed under its banner, will remain united, and that it
all round the palace, in the BO called white hall of cannot lie dismembered by any dangers that might
place. Germany, determined to defend its
which the Diet, as on the former occasion, was held• tahe
nationality from all sides will have right for all. We oShortly after twelve, the royal commissioner, fully greet therefore the decree of your Majesty by which
Herr Camphaneen, president of the council of minis- the grand duchy of Posen has been granted a national Te-
ter', and the rest of the members of the cabinet, organuation. Your Majesty has taken a mat appropriate
entered the hall and took their places on the left of resolution at • momentous period. have hays called to the
the throne. The royal commissioner then advanced highest offices of the crown men who the confidence of
ththeuscesuntry.. The
.popular, works of the executive power
in front of the assembly, and, in a clear and distinct strengthened will confirm the feeling or unity between
to
voice, read the royal speech, of which the following eye nation and its prince., and again restore confidence
is a translation: commerce and industry. The government will take under
His Majesty the King has given me orders to open in his its care the state of the working and manufacturing classes
name the second united Diet. Great events have disturbed in town and country, and put an end in a legal manner to
a part of Europe, and have not left out fatherland un- the illegal condition of some portions of the countey. Die.
touched. They threaten us with increasing danger, and sensions in the country disappear ; the people and the ewes-
open for us a pregnant future. Prussia and Germany will tive are not opposed; on both sides beat heroic WM% alai i
pass over the time of transition, if with moderated courage the holy love of fatherland unites them in one kasegsgekg
and well-ordered power it MOTES on the new way which has whole. The government of your Majesty can
been struck out. The unity of Germany was long the goal to bringing order and legality into the present unsettcrAtMeli.
which oft hopeless wishes were directed ; now, with quick ton, on the strong support of all good citizens, who at ,
pwe advance towards it, and his Majesty offers a help- know that respect for the law of the fatherland can alone
log'hand, by the aide of which 15,000,000 joyfully stand preserve it from disorder, end being the newly. blown flower
The extension of political rights of the citizens in the of freedom to a beautiful fruit.—We remain, in deepest
state was a more deeply felt want, inasmuch as the people humility, your faithful, united Diet of the assembled states.
had attained a degree of edaeatioa which at least placed Berlin, A ill 2.
them on an equality with other nations lieing under free The was also all but unanimously voted,
constitutional rams. Hill laaj•••7 has Promisee a 174 e c°ll- and committees were appointed to report on the fors-
stitutional government, sea we are already assembled „inf.
in order to lay the foundation-4one of the durable propositions. The Diet then adjourned till
edifice. Let us hope that the work will quickly pro- le eray after to-morrow.
teed, and that it may be connected with the great The civic pool of Wanzleber, arrested the Km-

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As we announced yesterday, the Medway brings
news of more fighting on the isthmus, arising oat
of the miserable tracasseries concerning the yon 4
savage called King of Mosquitia, in which
the British government has allowed itself to he
involved. Our readers will recollect that the last
news from this quarter related to an attack upon
Truxillo, in the state of Honduras, north of the
Mosquito coast. This time the scene of action his
been shifted to the river of San Juan de Nicaragua,
at the southern extremity of the coast. We give the
latest respecting the northern operations before taking
up the thread of the southern.
The Central American Times publishes the protest
of the supreme government of Honduras relative to
the aggressions in that state. It is dated the 6th of
January, and signed by Juan Lindo, for the President
Santos Guardiola. The protest states that :
The British government have recognised the pretended nett
which the so called hill,/ of the uncivilised and mall ki ibe, unpaved,
denominated the Mosquito salon, claims to a on
pot a
the territory of Honduras on Site north coast, by outman.; re
pupport the pretensiens of the said king by force, who, We
government of Great Britain stone acknowledge'', ead who lese *of
himself under its protection. The captain of the corvette Alamo!
the royal English navy, has taken possess/on of that territory, erred.
We tt as far se the ROMA river ; it afterwards eemmitted in
the
square itself of e
motelo positive acts of hostility and agatenice ca
71
the state, by diseking troops in the said port, with the vire
reqnlring oonamandant by an armed foree to rause the
wuard
situated in the river of Aga
to evacuate winedtely he ex
even been &w owed as it should be, from e ari•es the apeciese
pretmaion of right of the Mosquito chief to the terntory is qaestsw;
and which it only
he by employing three. Neill:al the beer
nor his protector, the Brithh government, hare made the claim d
the caae /the accredited agents according to the principles M.
milted by the unanimous wrest of the eiviliwd natio, orate world.
On these statements is founded a solemn protest
that these proceedings are prejudicial to the republic
of Central America, of which Honduras is an integral
part, and that the territory occupied belongs to Ika
duras in virtue of " agreements entered into between
the Spanish monarchy and that of Great Britain."
The cause and objects of the operations on the San
Juan de Nicaragua are entirely unknown; but they
appear to have been directed against the state of
Nicaragua, also belonging to Central America. All
that is known is that H. M. ships Daring and Alarm,
with the steamer Vixen, were at San Juan on the 6th
of February ; that a detachment of the 38th Regiment
was there also, and the late Mr. Walker, her Britan-
nic Majesty's Consul-General to the King of Mosquitia.
Their object is said vaguely enough to have betas to
settle some misuoderstanding or dispute between the
Nicaraguan government and the King of Mosquitia"
To this end we presume it was that an expeditioe,
composed of the Vixen and the ships' boats, up the
river San Juan, was undertaken on the 7th February.
A small fort, about half a mile up the river, wistakm
and destroyed without resistance. On the 11th news
reached Saa Juan that the forts of the Sarapique l2d
miles up the river) had been taken after some resist-
ance and that the expedition had proceeded upwards
agaiiist Fort Carlos, near where the San Juan lames
fro Lake Nicaragua. On the 26th of February in-
telligence reached San Juan that the fort of San Cat.
los had been taken without resistance. Captes
Loch, of the Alarm, who commanded the a-
pedition, had sent an officer to the city d
it
Grenada, where the Nicaraguan government
it
at present established. [We presume that
is the circumstance of Grenada being the city IS
which the enemy was sent that has made the exile-
site geographers and statists of the Standard rep*
sent those operations as directed against the pram
ment of New Grenada.]
The loss incurred in taking the forts of the Sur
pique amounted to three 'seamen killed ; one midhltl
man, two seamen, one boy, one marir.e, and two 971.
diers wounded. The Vixen had her starboard paddle
box damaged, and received two round shot. The
Nicaraguans' are said to have had 30 killed led
wounded, and 10 taken prisoners. The affair cell
lasted 40 minutes.
In the present state of our information we refrain
from comment ; but it is to be hoped that some mem-
ber of parliament will call upon government to ee-
plain how it is that we find ourselves at war with two
states of Central America. What is the nature ol
our connexion with the Mosquito coast? What is
the character and pasition of
the Indian being called
the King of Mosquitia, to whom the late Mr. Walker
was consul, and after whom our fellow-subjects in
Jamaica were lately running with as much servility
as they could have shown to the Autocrat of all the
[ Rissoles?
From the Santa Martha Gaceta lifercantil of Feb.
we learn that an English sweet was in the port Wl'
ing on board a cargo of sugar, cocoa, &c.
JAMAICA.—No incidents of mark have trans
pired since the previous mail. Money continued WM
without any prospect of improvement. Owing to tts
reduction of stocks the prices of sugar and rum bad sl*
perienced a rise ; the former from 12v. pear 00 N. to
tween 15s. and 19s. • the latter in • sligh degree. Led'
Henry Capadoes, icting commanding officer in Jasin.,ol
died suddenly on the lit of March, in his 70th year. s
aw
n.
Jacob du Paz, a Hebrew merclumt, whose hospitalitieissls
s
pleasant the memories of many of our navy officers,
deed—in his 02nd year.
GUIANA.—The Court of Policy have postPes4
the consideration cf the estimates for the current, yea ee
the 15th of May, on the ground " that under existing w;
curnstanses the members dare not guarantee the psyssnl;
any estimate whatever that might be framed, hoin"'"
WINDWARD ISLANDS.— BARBAnoEs.-11,1
Mercury says
Owing to the late paled at which the island was fonngd...f..3
rein last year the geese number of shoots thrown out in the
were torn "to blab assent for they have not matt is rt:
andaerelore tai lie ciao um in the boiling-boom. There ie stn..
Mobs
_es Ur data et skill, helm impreseon seinen, e":l„,,e
•
the Wmg of the Maar th everything thst •"-Sar
bY tiat stil sett,. 11511 his nociataking• s •
loolediale egliellewleioscl, and monomY "r•—sosier
tn. lOW • laid to relief tress moot lo
mot mg would be Idlest plain....
sad
is,
degas p peewee a ewe liet teleasted to ware Sae 11.."
perteet swerados. We leek leas skis, and wire cow,. af owe
enema at theregeovalotaMeades mid the flnel esr.,AciehreentnM
sagdmi=neity epos • WO wadi end rbe:s
it hi to eav :MX 14 ow* 41446441' fvf tibn"laPQ
pmana tee ()gime. /rajah in maw* issrewioar rot 4