The Express.
London, England, 1853-12-07 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 7, 1853.

shall here have another example of good coming out LATEST FROM ABROAD.
of evil, and the aggression of Ramie may after all •
turn out to be the best thing that mould have hap-
'RUSSIA AND TURKEY.
pened for the security of Europe.
VIINNA, Eye.
Letters from the haulier state that the levy now
TO-NORROW—December the Eigliththe Genemil -goinifonin Russia'if not the manful reernitieg, as
Election commences in Piedmont—that only spot in has been asserted. So many men were never
all Italy where rational freedom has at present asy before seised, so much severity was never before
foothold. The causes which have led to the sudden resorted to, and so many children (boys of twelve
dissolution of the late Chambers there are less gene- years of age) were never before taken from their
rally understood, perhaps, than they deserve to be. parents to be the terbilt.:::.
ConstitutionalGovernmentin Italy has had but °twilit' The Turkish garrison at Kalafat is changed every
trial in our time, and that is the trial which for some other day, the troops being relieved from Widdin.
years has been making in the dominions of the House It is supposed that this circumstance gave rise to the
of SsvoT. War and its disasters brought to an incorrect report that Kalafat had been evacuated by
abrupt and painful close the efforts of CHABLIS the Turkish forces.
ALBERT to develop a system of representative go- A similar regulation is observed at Mokan. The
vernment in the realm which be had inherited as an Turks passing to and fro incessantly alarm the Rue-
absolute King. But from the day of his abdication slaus at Giurgevo, who, not being relieved, suffer
his son and summer has loyally fulfilled the exceedingly.
minion which his baffled and broken-hearted CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 21.
The Turks, under Abdi Paths and Kherim Percher,11114 bar, bequeathed to him. Step by step new
guarantees of liberty have been secured; and have gained new successes in Asia.
while internal order and external peace have The Russians, under Generals Nestorow and Ar-
b„a preserved, the country „der the maw gutiuski, were defeated near Achirka and Achaltxik
with great loss. After a battle of several hours'
rive administrations of M. D'AzeoLto and M.
duration, they left their wounded, and a quantity of
Clete= has prospered greatly. Great lines of tail-
light= =foot of the Alps to the sea are now in baggage and ammunition, in the hands of the
peagemset mispletion. Under a liberated tariff new Ottoman&
impulses have been given to agricultural and mom. Several villages on the Russian territory have been
ied
menial enterprise; and it was but the other dayoemp by the Turks.
that we read in a Piedmontese journal an unpolitical- The number of deserters from the enemy is so ex-
Whir* paragraph, which described the necessity traordinary, that it is in contemplation to form a
by the Government for establishing at Amgen legion, to be led against their former
=lllhiste bonded warehouses, in consequence of masters.
tits rem extension of foreign trade. This
timid and industrial progress has proceeded
Sri pauu with political ameliorations alike salutary
aid gradual. One by one the mischievous usurpe-
d= et feudal and ecclesiastical rule which the mere
piessakpation of the Charter had not overthrown,
have been in turn swept away. At every new
advance towards freedom of thought, of speech, or of
Mies, infinite clamour has been raised by the
priestly and oligarchic faction, who still possess con-
siderable power, and who, besides the selfish instincts
that impel them continually to attempt reactionary
schemes, are notoriously stimulated in their anti-
sadoeal course by instigations from Viers* and
BMW.

The last proceeding of this perverse and political
party was certainly not intended to produce results
se shims as those which have actually followed it.
• Bill had been introduced by ministers, having for
its object great retrenchments in the departments of
the Treasury, and providing that in future the ba-
lances arising from taxes received should be kept
in the Bank, instead of being retained, as heretofore,
in the hands of the officers of the Exchequer.
Apart from the saving t. be effected, it is suffi-
ciently obvious that a change of the kind we have
described was politically sound and wise. But its
soundness or its wisdom mattered little in the
eyes of the Austrian and Ultramontane faction,
who, though out-numbered in the Lower
House, still possess the majority in the Upper.
With them it was regarded only as affording another
opportunity of pu'ting a legislative slight upon a
Liberal Cabinet ; and believing that amongst the
community at large the specific merits of the Minis-
terial proposition were not likely to be fully under-
stood or particularly cared for, the Senate by a con-
siderable majority threw out the Bill. Had this been
a solitary act of hostility to Ministers, they would
hardly have deemed themselves justified, perhaps, in
taking issue thereupon. But on all hands it was felt
that this vote was significant, chiefly,as it was intended
mainly to be, as a deliberate reiteration of want
of confidence in the Government on the part of those
who adopted it. The same party that had rejected
ire CAVOUR'S Banking Bill had signalised themselves
Is the two last Sessions by repudiating all attempts
at compromise on the great questions of Civil Mar-
riage, Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, in matters con-
oohed with the press; and, finally, on the sub-
Omit of liability to be called upon to serve under the
..ascription. In a word, two systems of policy,
banded upon principles irrehneilably opposed,
have confessedly been for several years, and are
ionfessedly still struggling in the King-
dom of Sardinia for the mastery. The priest-
hood, leagued with certain sections of the
sehtocracy, and supported, as we have said, by what-
ever influence the Austrian and the Pontifical Courts
ma afford, have steadily maintained all the exorbitant
pretensions to paramount authority which the
Church so lung and so fatally exercised in other
parts of Italy. Arrayed against this domineering
and soot-stifling (scrims, the King; his ministers, the
were enlightened of the nobles, a great majority of
the commercial and professional chases, and finally
the great body of the electors of the realm, speaking
through the mouths of their representatives in Par-
liasenet, have been and are combined by the pre-
bend national conviction that the governing power
in the state must be lay and not clerical, or the state
cannot be either prosperous or free. Every bah-
deal, thisefore, occurring in the course of this pro-
le/god aleospie, has, in the estimate of both sides,
hdolhed and measured with reference to its
dimwits Wither than to its immediate, results; and
beam tho rejection of the etonomishig plans
✓egarding the exchequer, submitted to the Le-
Sislature by the King's Ministers, has been under-
Stood by the whole liberal party throughout this
Wintry ss a challenge thrown down to them, which
k were a confession of weakness not to accept. M.
Cavoua and his colleagues have not shrunk from
their responsibility. Neither has their Sovereign.
Their reasons addressed to him for advising the
dissolution of the Chambers were without hesitation
made public. Hitherto, they state they had believed
themselves to possess the patient confidence of the
people and the entire approval of the Crown. The
'induct of the Senate, and the motives hardly dis-
guised which have actuated a majority of that
mmenbly, indicate a determination to seek in a new
Parliament for the reversal of a liberal policy. A
(general election must at furthest have taken plasm is
the course of next year. Far better, therefore, for
the country, that an event so decisive of its fate
should at once be anticipated, than that for the apses
of another twelvemonth all legislative and executive
action should be paralysed. Hence the Election
that begins to-morrow.
Vtcron EMANUEL has in this instance, as in so
many others of his reign, proved himself to be poe
seised of the two best quilities of a constitutional
King, political constancy, and civil courage. Tole-
ration, progress, free speech, commercial libeety, and
the supremacy of law over privilege and priestcraft,
ate set in one balance ; reaction, persecution, espion-
age, and ecclesiastical supremacy, tremble in the
other. Good men in every part of Christendom look
is with anxious sympathy and hope, and earnestly
exclaim—" May GOD defend the right r

AMERICA.

TILE SAIIIIIPIELD CATTLE SHOW.—Yesterday the
show wee thrown open to the public, and was attended by
• greater number of persons than has ever been known on •
Ent day. The annual meeting was held at our o'clock, the
noble president, the Duke of Richmond, in the chair ; and
after the routine business had been gone through, his grace
and the other officers were re-elected, Lord Demers being
added to the Ttos-presidents. It was determined not to
accede to the pnitiosal to add a poultry show to the exhibi-
tion in future years, principally on the ground of want of
room. The sews of prise (tattle were more languid than
usual, but it was understood that this arose from mace i of
the owners havleg expressed their intention to restive their
missals for other ealibitiess.

RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

It is announced through a ministerial organ that
the four Powers are again in accord on the Eastern
question. Prussia and Austria have acceded to the
proposals of the British and French governments,
and a protocol has been ?ivied pledging the four
Powers jointly to maintain the existing territorial
arrangements of Europe, and invitin the belligerents
to come to teems by means of a European Conk-
rence. The latest despatches tromlrifejahrinvize
intellfr-::: ine i_l?eferano• of Ambassadors in
that capitol were about to despatch these preliminary
proposal for pacific arrangements to the Porte.
When the views of that Power shall have been
ascertained as to the basis upon which she will con-
sent to treat, and those of Russia equally ascertained
on that point, it will be proposed to both Powers
(in the event of agreement having thus been arrived
at on preliminaries) to send plenipotentiaries to a
European Conference to be hereafter held, for the
final adjustment of the matters in dispute between
them.
The Augsburg Gazette of the 3rd publishes a letter
from London, professing to give an account of
negotiations respecting the same conference. The
correspondent of the Augsburg Gazette states that
Austria and Prussia have consented, if the worst
should come to the worst, to make common cause
with England France to prevent the annexation of
the Principalities of the Danube to Russia, or any
ether violation of the integrity of the Turkish terri-
tory; but that they are stall in hope that a pacific
solution will be obtained. The Porte, says the
article in the Augiburg Gazette, is to be invited to
declare on what terms it will treat, and appoint a
negotiator, and the tour Powers undertake to use all
their influence with the Emperor of Russia to induce
him to adopt a similar course ; the belligerent parties
being invited in the meantime to enter into an armis-
tice.
The English journal before referred to says that it
is provided by the proposals that negotiations should
if commenced, although hostilities should not
Ele.°l3
suspended.
There is a rumour at Buttharest of the desertion of
300 Wallachian gendarmes, who were attached to
the corps of General Fishback, and who, with horses,
weapons, and accoutrements, are said to have gone
over to the Turks.
The Triest Zeitung has letters from Constantinople
of the 21st ult., stating that M. de la Cour had
taken leave of the Sultan. The enthusiasm and pa-1
triotism of the Turks increase from day to day.
Voluntary contributions are received from all parts'
of the empire, and Constantinople alone has raised
150,000,000 piastres for the maintenance of the army
of the Asiatic Turks, who appear in crowds at the
conscription offices. Each Eyalet has to supply
1,600 cavalry and 6,500 infantry, and this is done
with the greatest readiness. The cavalry goes to
Erzeroum, the infantry to Constantinople. The
Drupes of the Lebanon have offered to send 2,000 men,
but they demand that the Christians shall be dis-
armed before they depart. The other Druses display
far greater military ardour, and the volunteers will
proceed to the seat of war under their Emir Emin,
who leaves his son, a youth of 16, as his deputy.
The high dignitaries of the Maronites have also
offered the assistance of their people. The staff
officers who accompanied the French diplomatists
have already quitted Constantinople. Colonel Fleury,
with his aide-do-camp, is gone to Batoum. Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Lavoix- and Messrs. Berton and
Houche, officers of engineers, arc gone to Schumla
an Widdin.
Three Polish officers, Colonel Zamoyski, a near
relative of Prince Crartoryski, Colonel Boreanski,
and Colonel Byatrzanski, have been appointed gene-
rals of brigade in the Turkish service ; and a fourth
Polish officer, General Chrzaowski, has been nomi-
nated general of division in tho same service. The
last-named was an officer in the Russian army during
the war with Turkey in 1828.
The Pays says: Great improvements are still
being made in the fortifications of Kalafat, and an
incredible activity is displayed in the construction
of redoubts."
The Lloyd of Vienna of the 2nd says :—Entrench-
meats on a grand scale have been formed near
Kalafat, and the Turks are working with great
ardour at the redoubts. According to the last advice.
from Krajowa the Russians still kept themselves on
the defensive. A letter from Belgrade of the 23rd
states that the coolness which bad arisen between the
Ottoman Porte and the Servian government no
longer exists, but the Servian government has made
unavailing efforts to obtain the return of M. Muschin,
the Russian consul, although a promise was given
thitt he-should reside in the tiervian part of the city.
On the 21st an official notice was published at Ibrail
stating that neutral vessels going into the Black Sea
and returning with cargoes for Ibrail and Galatz
might pass unmolested, but that they must not stop
at any other port. On leaving Ibrail and Galatz the
masters were bound to show their papers to the
Russian agents, who would furnish them with passes.
Austrian vessels are not excepted from this regula-
tion. The Russian consul at Orsova is authorised to
deliver certificates of neutrality. The prohibition of
exporting arms and ammunition to Servia has
been extended to Bosnia and the other Turkish
provinces.
A letter from Warsaw of the Ist, in the Breslau
Gazette, says:—" Intelligence bas been received at
St. Petersburg from the Caucasus, announcing that
the Russians have made several attempts to retake
the fort of Nikolajeff, bat without success, and with
• great loss of men. The levies for the reserve have
never been greater in the Russian empire than at
present, and particularly in the governments of Wilna
and Kowno. A great number of children, of from
10 to 12 years of age, have been carried away, for
the purpose of being brought up in the military
schools. This measure has fallen* most heavily on
the Jews."

A letter from Jassy of the 25th ult., in the Prus-
sian Correspondence, says:—" Prince Unixoff, provi-
sional administrator of Moldavia, has declared to the
Jews that they are to famish recruits for the militia
of that province. General Osten-fiacken was ex-
pected to arrive in eight or ten days, with 20,000
men, at Jassy."
Letters from Bucharest show that the Ronan
administration of affairs in Wallachia and Moldavia is
characterised by the most complete disregard of rights
of all kinds. The governing council left behind by
Prince Barbey is daily insulted, and made to feel the
enthralment of the country at every turn. The Rus-
sian authorities have refused to allow the despatches
of the British and Turkish Consuls-General to be
conveyed to Constantinople via Giurgewo and Rast-1
chuk as heretofore, and permission was refused evesl
to the Consuls-General themselves to travel by that
route, so that they had no choice bat to brave the
stormy Black Sea. M. Poujade, the French Consul-
General, left Bucharest on the 22nd alt., and the
English Consul-General was expected immediately
to follow him. Both consul' have remained until
they could do so no longer with dignity, as will be
seen from the following particulars of an outrage upon
a messenger in the service of the British Consul :
On the 15th ult. an Albanian, who has been for 19
years in the service of the British Consulate-General
at Bucharest, was sent with despatches for Lord
Stratford de Redcliffe to Galatz, and the English
vice-consul there was instructed to send them by the
Austrian steamer to Constantinople. The Albanian