The Express.
London, England, 1851-08-18 00:00:00

I The Court of Cessation has tejeefed the appeal of
the Roman Corporal Moretti, condemned to death by
a French court-martial at Rouse, by virtue of the law
of the 21st Brumaire, Year 5, for the offence of ex-
citing to revolt again* the French army. It
was argued that that law was only appli-
cable to French soldiers, with respect to whom
it was admitted that the court-martial was a tribu-
nal of the last resort, but that a foreigner might re-
sort to the Court of Cassation. That court, however,
held that the court-martial, in the case in question,
acting by virtue of a sovereign right, and in the name
of public necessity, was a court from whose judg-
ment there was no appeal.
In consequence of the holiday, yesterday, no
newspapers appear to-day except .the National and
the lt. prehlThe trial of M. de Ginestous, who fought the
duel with M. Aristide Olivier, in which the latter
was killed and the former severely wounded, has
just taken place at Montpellier. The seconds were
included in the indictment. All the parties were
acquitted.
- . -

PARIS, SCNDAT Errs:Na.
A new democratic committee, consisting of MM.
Lamennais, Joly Mathieu (do la Din me), V. Schoel-
cher, Baunc, Berth°ion, Lasteyras, and Michel (de
Rourges) have published a manifesto of immense
length. They call themselves the " French-Spauish-
ltarmn Democratic Committee of Paris." They sign,
"Representatives of the People, Members of the
Mountain." This committee explains the reasons for
its formation. The manifesto contains a long dis-
quisition upon religion, evidently from the pen of M.
Lamennais, who, by the way, was elected a member
of the Mountain committee of permanence, but de-
clined to crvc on the alleged ground that he could
not remain in Paris.

When M. Victor lingo, in the National Assembly,
elicited a deafening cheer by that bold flight of his
fancy which announced the formation at some future
time of the " United States of Europe." his hearers
probably did not suppose that the realisation of his
idea was near at hand. The prospectus of the demo-
cratic French-Spanish-Italian committer is however
a proposal couched in serious, elegant, and eloquent
language, and written with apparent earnestness of
purpose, for the incorporation of the United States of
the whole world. The originators of this transcen-
dently vast project are neither numerous nor powerful.
They consist of eight respectable, but not very emi-
nent members of the National Assembly, of whom
M. Lamennais, a heterodox priest, of great literary
ability, and M. Michel (de Bourses), the advocate who
is now defending the political prisoners at Lyons, are
I the most distinguished. They are nevertheless con-
fident that they are, as they profess to he, the nucleus
around which the immense agglomeration which
they foretell will inevitably form itself. But in order
to give a practical complexion to their nndertaking,
the immediate object which they propose, as a preli-
minary to the more comprehensive scheme, is a fra-
ternal, political, and social union of the three nations,
which, tinin their Latin origin and their geographi-
cal position, have the most affinity—France, Spain,
and Italy. This is their exordium:

Amidst the eomniotions which agitate the world, and
which are but the immediate prelude to still greater; when,
in the expectation of tremendous events, the natioas warned
by unerring instinct that their destinies arc inseparable,
that the aalration of none can he accomplished apart front
the rest. watch each other with anxiety, the democratic
French-Spanish-Italian commigee have thought it neves-
a:ay to proclaim the reasons for their formation, the prin-
ciples and views which govern their actions, and the end
w!,ich they propose to Min at, and which they will pursue
without intermission, persuaded that in so doing they are
fulfilling a sacred duty.

After this introduction, the prospectus is divided
into nine heads.

In the first they insist upon the essential oneness
which nature has stamped upon the human race. No
real good can be done unless it be for the benefit of all.
Evil can only prevail by virtue of a ls•rversion and
imitation of this sovereign law, and, therefor•,
tyranny can gain no durable power without the
union of oppressors. To tyrants, therefore, the
people should oppose a holy union, founded upon the
interests of all, inseparable from and blended with
justice, for what is useful can never be separated from
what is just. However much the necessity fur this
union may be felt, it can never be established without
the formation of a central organization, which, ex-
tending itself farther and farther, may ultimately
embrace all nations who will successively and freely
adhere to it. France, Italy, and Spain seem to be
the natural elements of the central nucleus.

The second head treats of the past history and
present position of France. The principles of the
French revolution, established by the efforts of sixty
years, are now indestructible. It is now striving
only with the last struggles of old society on the
brink of that tomb which is ready to close upon it
for ever. In all that relates to the civil and political
state of man, the difference between what now exists
and what existed before 'B9 is the measure of a vast
progress accomplished. There are no distinctions of
classes, and if any legal privileges yet exist they am
at least not admitted to be legitimate. Neither force
nor cunning will ever he able to deprive France of
liberty. But only a moiety of her work has been
accomplished. The important questions called social
remain to be resolved. The problem of the due dis-
tribution of the products of labour, that is to say the
pniblern of the material life of the people, winch is
closely allied to its moral life, deeply interests all
thinking minds. They feel that the revolution will
be ineomplete till it has found a remedy for the
sufferings of the multitude, fur the extreme contrast
between luxury and misery. This, the second, will
be the religious phase of the revolution. While other
nations, urged on in their turn by the omnipotent
breath which sweeps the world, are accomplishing
their political transformation, France, more advanced,
like the American pioneer who precedes the settler
in the forest, will break up the virgin ground on
which the people that follow her will pitch their
tent +.

The 3rd chapter speaks of Italy. Italy, the direct
inheritor of the traditions and the greatness of the
ancient world, opened the doors of civilisation to the
rest of Europe, and supplied the earliest specimens.
The land of arts and sciences when their culture re-
vived, it was also the land of liberty in the
most brilliant period of its glory, when its ge-
nius shone forth like a Pharos through the
darkness of the middle ages. If violence, aided above
all by papal policy, which will never permit the muti-
Imea limbs of Italy to re-unite, hascrushed her for
centuries under a foreign yoke, she has never accepted
slavery ; she has always protested against oppression,
aspired towards her deliverance, and hoped for
happier days. What names in the annals of heroism
stuid higlier than Milan, Messina, Brescia, Bologna,
Genoa, Leghorn, Rome, Venice ; Venice, who was the
last to unfold her glorious flag, that flag which will
soon float victorious over the waves of the Adriatic?
If the brilliant success which attended their heroic
efforts have been succeeded by melancholy reverses,
Italy now knows the cause, and will learn wisdom
from better eperiuce.
The committee then recapitulate the principal
events of the last three years, and attribute the
failure of regeneration of Italy to the fatal division in
the supporters of Italian unity, a large portion of
whom thought it possible to reconcile liberty with
royalty. After an eloquent tribute to the founders
of the Roman Republic, and a protest against
attributing to the French nation the responsibility
of the part taken by the French army in the restora-
tion of the rope, they proceed as follows :

The Italian patriots, of whom we are here the organs,
declare, let, that in their eyes there is no general organisa-
tion possible, an real union, no salvation except in • repub-
lic; 2nd, that they recognise in no party, or fraction of a party, the right to speak in the name of Italian nationality,
before Italy herself shell have chosen representatives who
will really speak in her voice ; 3rd, that pending the revo-
lution
no government is legitimate for them but that tem-
porarily suspended government of the Roman republic, and
those which may be spontaneoualy established upon the
same principle according to the progress of emancipation,
and until Italian unity may be constituted by a national
convention; ith, that in their solemn conviction it Is sot
only desirable but imperiously necessary to unite the Italian
revolution to the French revolution, that moving and living
principle of European revolution, whether social or politic.
The 4th division speaks of Spain. Spain, proud
and energetic, aluays deeply. self-conscious, and in-
flexibly determined to be itself, when the Arab
invader, encouraged by treason, had possessed him-
self of the greater part of her soil, Spain, overcome,
but not humbled, knew no repose till, after heroic
sacrifices and eight centuries of war, she had con-
quered her indeptndence. The ancient monuments
of her legislation show her love for liberty. And if
liberty, vanquished for a time, descended into the
tomb with Juan de Padella and Juan Bravo, it was
I only to rise from it more glorious at the appointed