The Express.
London, England, 1849-10-30 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 80, 1849.

UNITED STATES.

O yesterday's publication contained as Nam,
receivy electric telegraph, of the news brought by
the & . •
Our Liverpool earreependeit kik since indwased
us ttrit it was stated ea the Ibilepeei Exchange per
ea the authrlity of. Capt. 'tidbits, of the
that the gmetity of gold on board among
.the*resengere was little short of 1,000,0001. That
ins peesseger, a shoemaker, who had left Liverpool
eighteen menthe ago, has returned from Cilifornia
with 30,0004 The gold entered by the steamer is
100,0001.
We now present oar readers with a more de-
tailed nodes of the impereast aetilleation lamed
by the peeper department of the government
at Wailers& in mose.geence of the meat "'iodide*-
*. et ear own navigation lows. The American
*Mae while sonoano.ng the admiseirm of vessels
odor the British Bee, after the let of January next,
into all parts of the Baited &Meese the same footing
as American wimple, deist the heaver of initiating
this liberal policy for their own meaty.
Andiron of the law of Ist Mara. 1817, amensing
the navigation of the UMW Metes, deeketst
" Be it enacted, de, That, ether the ISA of September
nest, re goads, wares, or acrairadies, shell be imported into
the Vetted States, from any fade pert egg= = in
weals of** Called States, or in seek na
truly and wholly Woos to the encores/ WOO of whisk
tie Roods are the growth, product, it memisfesense, er from
which soak geode, wares, or imseimedim em only be, or
'Km asud,y are chipped for treaseenstioe : provided.
reverthelest that this regulatier shall set extend %the
sods of say foreign nation whisk bee sae siserted hod whisk
shall not adopt a similar regulates."
For thirty two years this set hes beer spar the statute
book of the Coked Stmts. Within elms peeled many go-
vernments, especially these of she Kam Uwe*, and the
free cities of Gummy, as well es the mama powers, Dew
mark and Sweeten, and most a the Benlannants of South
America, have availed thentselsee of this orshig ca the
part of the United States, sad the right of neipreed naviga-
tion" exists in its fullest lasitade between them and Greet
Britain. To the sante 'nudity Greet Britain, by bee legisla-
tion, has wow establishes herself. end the Not is mode public
by the Notional hatoiligreseeer at Weshingtor, ken which
mow we =least this earrespedsoer.
Nsw York, Oct 2, 11149.--Itir,—We must ask the favour
of tour reply to this letter at year earliest esertnienee, to
govern as in eating or sedate we have to charter American
vessels to premed re the English pearessiees is the East
Indies, sad load omen fee Lades, larder the new naviga-
time ads of Orem Brittle. Three orders are received by us
from houses in Begheri, sad we have already chartered the
ship Ambassador, of this pert, to load at Calcutta for Loa-
doe. By the act of parliament wee believe it is required that
the President will great the some privilege to ships under
the Britsh lag that Borland grants to as. Will a British
ship be allowed to niter ben with a cargo of foreign pro-
duos (not of Great Brimin) alter the let of January ores on
the same onnditious u snipe ender the flip of the United
States ? We trust you will pardon oar thus trespassing on
your time; and remain, sir, your obedient invents, BAR.
CLLT and Livororron.—To the Hon. W. Id. Meredith,
Secretary of the Treasury,
Treasury Department, Oct. 12, 1849.—Gentlemen,—In
rep:,' to the inquiry made in your letter of the 2nd instant, I
have to state that in oonsequnun of the recent alterations in
the British navigation laws, British vessels, from British or
other Maio ports, will (under our existing laws) be allowed.
after the lit of January next, to enter into our ports with
cargoes otitis produce of any part of the word I. I have
further to state, that such vessels and their cargoes will be
admitted on the same terms as to duties and imports as
vends of the United States —Very respectfully, your obe-
dient servant. W. hf. MiltiDlTll.—To Messrs. Barclay and
Livingetoc, New York.
The following circular upon the subject has been issued
by the Treasury Department :
Chador from the Treasury Department—New Series,
No. 24.—Instructions to Collectors and other Om oars of the

she endue of mepeme and agricultural produce, and 'Wag
dative employment us what is at present a compare-.
dwell sowprodaLing population. Nec would the United
Stews merely furnish the capital kw oar menefeeturea
They weekd also supply for them the mom extensive market
4. As wield, whitey' the intervenhess of n castonehesee
@doer. Railways mid forthwith be cc astrumed by Ansaitaa
capital as feed's* foe all **great lines sow app
our frontiers ; sad railway enterprhe in gemerari=,
doubtless, be as satire and prosperous ammo; en ea among
ear neighbours. The value of our aericultural predates
would be Mould ones teepee with dieter tbelJnited States,
whilst agricultural implements and many of the nemeaules
Of life, such as tea, coffee, and sugar, would be greatly se-
duced in erica.
The vela' dour timber would also be greatly ashamed
by free access to the American market, whersat been a high
pries, bat is subject to an onerous duty. At the same time
there le every reason to believe that oar shipbuilder, as well
at Quebec ma en the Great Lakes, would find an unlimited
market in all the pats of the American continent It cannot
be doubted that the shipping trade of the United States must
greatly increase. It is equally manifest that, with them, the
priamgal material in the contraction of skips is rapidly
dienatehing, while we possess vest territories, covered with
timber of e xcellent quelity, which would be equally avail-
able se it is now, since under the free-trade system our
vesesle would sell as well in England alter annexation as
before.
The simple and economical state government, in which
direct responsibility to the people is a distinguishing feature,
would be substituted for a system at ewes cumbrous and
expeesive.
In place of war and the alarms of war with a neightour,
there would be rape and amity between this country and
the United States. Disagreemeate between the United
S atm and her chief if not only rival among nations would
net nuke the soil of Canada the sangnin try arena fir their
disputes, as under our existing relations must necessarily be
the eta. That suck is the unenviable condition of our state
of dependence upon Great Britain is known to the whole
world, and how far it may conduce to keep prudent
capitalists from making investments in the country, or
wealthy settlers from *sleeting a foredoomed battlefield for
the home of themselves and their children, it needs no roe-
toning on our part to elucidate.
But other advantages than those having • bearing on our
material interests may be foretold. It would tiaange the
ground of political contest between rams and parties, allay
and obliterate those irritations and conflicts of rancour and
rterimlnetion which have hitherto disfigured our social fabric.
Already in anticipation has its harmonious WAY. nea been
felt, the harbinger, may it be hoped, of a lasting oblivion of
dissensions among all slimes, creeds, and parties an the
country. Changing a subordin.te for an independent con-
dition, we would take our station among the nations of the
earth.' We have now no voice is the affairs of the empire,
nor do we share in its honour. or emoluments. England It
our parent state, with whom we have no equality, but to-
wards whom we stand in the simple relation of obedience.
But as citizens of the United States, the public ser-
vice of the nation would be open to us—a field for high and
honourable distinction on which we and our posterity might
enter on terms of perfect equality.
- - - -

Nor would the amicable separation of Canada from treat 1
Britain be fraught with advsn•agee to us alone. The relict
to the parent state from the large expenditure now incurred
in the military occupation of the country—the removal of
the many causes of collision with the United States, which
result from the contiguity of mutual territories so extensive—
tbe benefit of the larger market which the increasing pros.
perity of Canada would create, are considerations which, in
the =tads of many of her ablest statesmen, render our in-
corporation with the United States a desirable consumma-
tion. . _

Castes..—Treasury Depsrunent, Oct. 15, 1849.—1 n con
megaton* of questions submitted by merchants and other',
aslung, in consideration of the recent alterations of the
British navigation laws, on what footing the commercial re-
Maws between the United States and Great Britain will be
pared A and after the lit of January next—the day on
which the recent act of the British parliament goes into
operation--the department deems it expedient, at this time,
to hese the tollowing general instructions for the information
of the odleers of the customs and others interested : —First,
in cos sequence of the alterations of the British navigation
laws above referred to British cunt!' from British or other
foreign ports will (under existing laws), alter the Ist of
January nt at, be &loured to enter in our ports with cargoes
of the growth, manufacture, or production of any part of the
world. Second, each vessels and their cargoes will be ad-
mitted, from and after the date before mentioned, on the
same terms as to duties, imposts, and charge. as vessels of
the United States and their cargoes.—W. Y. YEZZDITII.
Secretary of the Tressary.

To the United States also the annexation of Canada pre-
sents many important inducements. The withdrawal mum
their holden of so powerful a nation, by whom in time of
war the immense end growing commerce of the lakes would
be jeopardised—the ability to dispense with the costly but
ineffectual revenue establishment over • frontier of many
hundred milee—the large accresion to their iecom• from our
customs—tke unrestricted use of the St. Lawrence, the na-
tural highway from the Western states to the ocean, are
objects for the attainment of which the most substantial
equivalents would undoubtedly be conceded.
An attempt was made to get up a riot, ci lo Mont-
real, at Toronto, on the arrival of Lord Elgin in that
city. Its success appears to have been bat indifferent.

The question of a ship canal by the line of the San
Juan and the Lake of Nicaragua cmitinues to occupy
public attention. Plepanitions arc said to bo in
active progress for a Panama ragroad. The stream
of emigration in that direction continues unabated.
Our New York correspondent remarks, in reference
to the manifesto of the Canada annexationist' :
"But even if the Canadas were unanimous for its
consummation, there are obstacles in the way by no
means small. When Congress shall be called on to
say whether they will receive the provinces, and it
does not now seem unlikely they will b.?, we shall
probsVy witness the greatest excitement tver known
in the United States. The southern states will
be violently in the negative, they will threaten a dis-
solution of the union —not with entire unani-
mity however, but with sufficient strength to
make a powerful impression on the public mind.
There will come from the north offers of compeamiee
and concession, which can only, however, tab the
shape of guarantees in favour of the present %mita-
dons of the math. In other words, the thrust will
say to the latter, we pledge ourselves never to permit
your domestic regulations to be called in question; but
with this you moat be content. There was a report
that Mr. Calhoun, the protagonist of the south, was
about to retire from public life; bat it is unfounded.
He sets before his eyes impending dangers, with
which he alone can grapple. No other leading poli-
tician of the south is so well able, by his subtle logic,
mental energy, and unquenchable zeal, to maintain,
not only that slavery ought constitutionally to exist
in the United States, but that it is a condition that
may indeed be c.mmeoded. This address to the
people of Canada will still further animate his exer-
tion., and impel him to make fresh efforts to resist
the project or annexation."
The Canada brings intelligence that the Niagara
had met with a cuttalty on the 18'h, about 300 miles
from New York ; one of her cylinders having broken,
rendered it necessary for her to pursue her way under
canvas.