The Express.
London, England, 1853-09-06 00:00:00

BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.

LIVERFOOL, TUESDLY. 10.30 ♦.r.
Wind S.S.E., moderate, and cloudy.
Arrived.—Teneriffe (steamer), from the Levant;
Gallillo, from Odessa; Maria von Commenger, from
Archangel.

Off.-IStar of the West, from New York.
DEAL, TUESDAY, 9 ♦.m.
Wind N.E. by E., strong, and clear.
Passed.—Pacttic, from London, to Havre; Eleven,
from London to Odessa; Tarnio Third, from Bahia,
to London, at 1 p.m. yesterday.
Sailed.— The Lord I'etre, for the Mauritius.
Remain. Milly and Rachel, for Madeira.

SYDNEY.—A correspondent says that it is in im-
mediate contemplation to establish a Church of England
college in the vicinity of Sydney, in permanent enhance
with the universil which has been founded and endowed
by the local legislature. The college is to be called Queen's
College, and it is intended to combine the advantages of
the tutorial and professorial systems, in strict accordance
with the doctrines of the Church of England. The Metro-
politan bi.hop is to be ex. officio visitor, and the government
of the college is to be vested in a council, to consist of the
warden an . six senior fellows, with a committee to draw up
rules of management from time to time. It is the intention
of the promoters of the scheme to apply without delay to
the Legislature for an Act, permanently endowing and esta.i
blishing the college by incorporation or otherwise; and we
understand that a public meeting for the purpose of further-
ing the plan was shortly about be held when our advisee
lett.

VALUE 01 LAND IN BIRMINGTIAM,--A slice of
frontage land in T,mple-row, Birmiogham, was offered ter
sale by the corporation, at Dee's Hotel, on Tuesday evening.
This sale am cted a larger audience, it is said, than has
ever been seen under similar circumstances in Birminghtun,
d the result is curious, indicative as it is of the opinion of
men of capital as to what the value of land in the centre of
Birmingham is likely to be. The town clerk attended, and
after the conditions of sale had been read by Mr. Cheshire,
lot 1 was pu• up. This lot en,braces the plot of land at the
eoroer, facing Temple.row and Bull-street, and contains
132 yards. The first bidding was 101 per yard, and the
holdings which followed were of a most spirited character;
ultimately the lot was knocked down to Mr. Webb,
who purchased for Mr. Gillott, at 221. 2e. 6d. per
yard. Amongst the principal of the other competitor were,
Mr. Alderman Hodgson, 11r. Turner, of New-street, Mr.
C. H. Cope, Mr. Foster, and Mr. S. Walker. There was
even greater competition fur the remaining lots, but ulti-
mately all were kn..cked down to Mr. Cillott, the steel pen
maker, who has thus become the posaes.or of this valuable
building site. The remaining lots were knocked down at
the following prices :—Lot 2 at 141. 7s. 6d. per yard, lot 3 at
131.2•. 6.1., lot 4 at 121. 2a. 6d., lot 5 at 121. 71. 64., and
lot 6, which juts about three feet into the hotel yard, at
131. 12*. 6,1. per yard. There was very much competition
fi,r his lot, though Mr. Linen, on the part of the pro-
prietors of the hotel, intimated that the corporation had
offers,' rather more laud for sale than belonged to them,
and that the matter would be disputed hereafter. The
price at which the first lot sold is at the rate of 107,0001.
per acre.

GOLD IN COMBERLAND.—On Thursday a party,
consisting of Mr. Clarke, Mr. Shepherd, and Mr. Dears, of
London, headed by Mr. Calvert, the Australian geologist,
obtained gold readily (hy the common washing process with
the tin dish) at the head of Burrowdale, and also near
Buttermcre. At the former place the gold was rather water-
worn, and at the latter it assumed an angular character,
and was found in the ferruginous earth 15ing on the surface
of the clay and green stone slates. The lump of gold
mentioned is our last, found by Mr. Calvert sear Butter-
mero, pre,.ents a very beautiful and rich apni antic*, and
seems to cue role small particles of silica, and generally to
be knifed& din or tinged by the earthy oxide of iron. The
weight of the entire piece was 57 or., and is valued by Mr.
Calvert at 2211. In the Rowan, at a mine near High Ireby,
Mr. C. detected small particles of gold, but the softer gas-
oline appeared to contain none. Near Bassenth esite Lake,
at a short distance from Peel Wyke, Mr. Calvert obtained
a very beautiful but small sample of gold in the reddish
earth resting on the clay slates of that locality. He is of
opinion that gold is generally diffused on the clay slate*,
and locally on the green stone slate. 'hroughout Cumber-
land ; but how far they slit p y remains to be proved by
deep workings in the beds of rivers, where sufficient debris,
or alluvial matt. r, has accumulated. The result of • search
through the Skaldaw group was fruitless. Mr. Calvert is
of opinion that the mineral resources of Cumberland are
not nearly fully developed, as he has seen indications of
rich copper and lead lodes in maiden ground.—Carlssle
Patriot.

SAI.ARIES AND THE PRICE OF FOOD.—At a recent
mee.ing of the guArdians of the Li,heard poor law union
the motion of the highly respected chairman, Sir William
Sslishury Trelawney, Bart. (of which notice was
ei,, a the peeelou., board day), that the salary of Mr. Tho-
mas Allen, the relieving officer of the Li•kesrd district, be
increased from 64.1 f. to 6.V. per aunum, was carried without
opposition.

FltentenONltir.—The brethren of lite Yon. Lodge,
Stockton, here gl•en a hnods.ime teidaneseel toe Wale, of
the lodge, meowing of a cam of masegio jewels, a royal
arch, and a pass -master's jewel, the latter beautifully
mounted wilt ILirr..gate diamond,., and containing on the
iihverite the following inwription, " Prevented to Leonard
Jecavon, Esq., P.N., by the brethren of the Ten Lodge, in
token of dam fraternal regard, September let,

ittte erprons.

TO CORASSPONDENTS.

• Norlnd &Mies td••TINTEapro---;::7ww.tarZei tie wawa mwiaties
°Garotte," is pablkhod ovary %Way sad ['nets, sight, is woo
tor pock
Ailvoirumneato lotcoold l.s " The Esprooo.° London E•Mifte ptplt.
isayrt be at tke Oilloo, tA, Iloscorio4Cmoc, by Two o'clock co the
ol palollootion.

SIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Dar—learri U. 4% —After/so" 4b.
To- muabow —Morals& 4b. U. Albino" 4b. 4.1414.

LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6.

Tun fate of Lord lons RUSSELL is s hard one.

Scarcely has be landed at Ito:Beneath, and taken a
cursory yof the scenery of the most fairy-like
of the Scotch salt-water "lochs," and indulged in •
vision of relaxation and bracing sea-breezes for the
next kw weeks, when the ruthless voice of the elec-
tric telegraph recalls him to Downing-street, its
smoke and worry. There is a screw loom somewhere
it is clear. Lord CLARENDON has detained Lord
PALMERSTON, and recalled Lord JOHN Et mu, to
be witnesses, or participants, in a discussion
between himself and •the Paranth. With re-
brews to this paths carrel the ministerial
departures are scarcely less remarkable than the
ministerial arrival. At the very time that Lord
Jolts RUSSELL was travelling express from Dum-
bartonshire to take sweet counsel with his colleagues,
other members of the Cabinet were quietly betaking
themselves to their country quarters. Sir WILLIAM
MOLESWORTH took wing on Friday for Cornwall ;
the Marquis of LANSDOWNE and Sir JAMES GRAHAM
on Saturday—the former for Germany, the latter for
the Isle of Wight. Whatever the knotty point
which rendered it unavoidable to interrupt the repose
of Lord Jowl Russia'. ere he had well subsided
into it, one thing is clear—that either by express
or tacit compact their colleagues have left its
edu•ion to the four statesmen we have named. Sir
JAMES GRAHAM, it is true, retires no further than
Cowes : he may be regarded as standing behind the
council door ready to appear as soon as he may be
celled in. But the Radical member of the Cabinet
retiree to his paternal shades, and the Whig pa-
triarch (without whose countenance and co-partnery
Lord ABERDEEN would not take upon him to form
a Cabinet) is off to Germany. No nee: laity appears
to have been felt to disturb the repose of Now-
CIAZTLI and GLAD4TONE. It must be confessed
that to the uninitiated in the mysteries of
Coalitioas these arrangements have much the
appearance of a word-duel between the Fa
WON SECRETARY and his Pinnate, with
the Honor SECRETARY and the Leader of the House
of Commons for witnesses ;—the remainder 01 the
Cabinet remaining at home, anxiously awaiting
the result of a " meeting" they could not prevent.
The prevailing opinion out of doors is that a dis-
obedient Premier is to be takes to task ; and that
Lord CLARENDON, in the discharge of this ungra-
cious duty, has insisted upon the presence of two of
►is colleagues to keep his courage to the sticking
point. Lord ABERDEEN, in the course of one of
the earlier conversations on the Russo-Turkish
question in tie House of Commons last session,
was suspiciously eulogised for his pacific policy
by an honourable member who cannot be
inspected of sympathising with his lordship on any
one other question; Lord CLARENDON, Lord Joint
Rosetta, and Lord PALMERSTON, on the other hand,
are pledged by their public declarations to insist upon
the evacuation of the Danubian Provinces whatever
be the consequence. The most sincere and devoted
Mends of Lord CLAM:mum are in the habit of
impressing regret that with generous and enlightened
views be is but too apt to take his tone from the
company be keeps for the time being. If, therefore
—as seems to be generally assumed—he proposes to
WOW to a distinct understanding with Lord
ABERDEEN as to the course England is
to pursue in reference to the Eastern
question, it is no wonder that he should
seek to be backed by the most pertinacious
spirit among his colleagues in adherence to what he
believes to be right, and by the one who can gild the
pill of obstinacy with the greatest amount of good-
hunoured, °oscillatory deportment. With Lord
Jour; Russw. on one hand, and Lord PALllzasroN
so the other, even a statesman of more yielding
mood than Lord CLARENDON himself might contrive
to stick to his point unflinchingly. Be the °Dojo,-
tures which are abroad as to this conclave of four
well or ill-founded, coo thing is oertain,—that the sub-
utaatial interests of England, the national honour,
and the wishes of the people, all concur in demanding
that there shall be no unworthy truckling to Russian
intrigue or Russian bullying in the great Eastern
question. The Minister or Ministers who should
succeed in inducing the forfeiture of the public
pledges of Dord CLARENDON and Lord J 0824 ROB-
- respecting the evacuation of the Danubian Pro-
vinces by the troops of the Cuan, would deal a death-
• blow to the Coalition Ministry. Were he the very
key-stone of the arch—the highest in place—it
would be safer to try the hazardous experiment of
removing and replacing him than to listen to his
weasels.

England cherishes peace. Thirty-five years of
peace have not surfeited Englishmen with its bless-
ings. Englishmen appreciate the wealth and war
Eft which are the growth of peace. Even their
daring and enterprise have discovered the secret of
asking out and bearding danger in pesos--
of obtaining all the excitement of war
without its crimes—in Arctic and Tropical expedi-
tions of discovery, in colonising, in wielding the
power of steam in all its multiform developments.
Englishmen wish to have peace maintained, but they
know that this can at times be done only (if at all)
by showing that they are not afraid of war. They
believe that to give way to the injustice of Ramis
would at best be but to postpone war till a time
when it would be more difficult, to conduct war to a
speedy and advantageous termination. But, in addi-
tion, they have no faith in the ability of Russia to wage
eneoseefal war against Turkey, England, and Frame,
—or even against either England or France single-
handed,—and a confident belief that though other
powers may be blind to the weakness of Russia, out-
side of the charmed circle of her own frontier the
Russian Government is now, as ever, aware of what
is factitious and unreal in its appearance of colossal
strength, and will not hazard a trial.
It is—we must once again repeat—the interest of
England and the whole of civilised Europe to main-
tain the integrity of the Turkish empire. This,
indeed, whatever the sycophants and tools of Russia
may my, is even more a European than a Turkish
question. Russia itself, in its saner moments, con-
curred with England in the opinion that the integrity
of Turkey ought to be upheld, and to this end
joined to arrest the conquering progress of IBIAHTM
PACIIIA. Yet the success of IBRAHIM did not noose-
eerily infer.a dismemberment of Turkey; it might
only have been the substitution of a new for the old
Osmanli dynasty. IBRAHIM gave to the African
and Asiatic provinces he reduced a more compact
organisation than the old dynasty has ever yet been
able to give, and he had a family which still survives
to hold the province of Egypt. But if Russia is
allowed to conquer European Turkey piecemeal,
when the prvedige which the occupation of Constanti-
nople attaches to the reigning Osmanli dynasty

evaporates, there is no power at present in the field
that can keep Asia Minor, Syria, Mesopotamia, and
Egypt together. The advance of the Russians will
necessarily dissolve the Turkish empire, and destroy
the peace of Europe by leading to a scramble making
I the great powers for the appropriation of the Ibig-
mente.
Ox Wednesday last a number of persons, including
s Bishop, a Lord Mayor, and a distinguished Mem-
ber of Parliament, took their places inside a railway
carriage, to be conveyed, at a rate of speed which
would have appeared fabulous some years back, to
various places in the north of England. Thirty
years ago these same persons would have been
obliged, in order to insure being conveyed to their
destination in any moderate time, to have entrusted
their persons to the care of a fast mail or
a pair or a couple of pair of post horses.
In doing so, they would have considered themselves
guaranteed from all but unforeseen accidents by the
skilfulness of the drivers, the power of the latter to
avoid all obstructions at will, the rules of the road,
which bound those who approached them, or who
preceded them, to keep on a certain side; the breadth
of the highway, which afforded opportunities of two
carriages approaching each other to manceuvre, so
as to pass without danger; and lastly, the
perfection of the road, which gave increased facilities
for the same operations. Being fully persuaded of
all these chances in their favour, although threat-
ened by hypochondriacs and old maids with certain
destruction, they would have entrusted themselves
with perfect serenity to their several modes of con-
veyance, and confided in Providence to transfer
them safely to their destinations. Supposing, how-
ever, that from some unexplained causes, it should
have turned out, before the departure of the carriage,
that the roadway had become artificially narrowed,
that the drivers would be bound to keep in one un-
changeable line, equal to the breadth of the wheels
without the power until then conceded to them, of
arbitrarily changing their direction—that, in short,
their carriage must leave two deep ride which
had been traced by preceding carriages—were it at
the same time told them that heavy coal waggons
were at aH hours advancing to London on the same
rids, and only left them to draw up on one side, at
certain intervals; should they learn also that the means
of communicating to them the fact that an obstructive
coal-waggon was in the way were uncertain ; it re-
mains to be doubted whether our travellers' confi-
dence in the old mail coach, or in the superlative
post-chaises, or in the best of roads, would have re-
mained unshaken, and whether we should have had
on record so many laudatory effusions on the subject
of English travelling.

Now the conditions under which the travellers we
have mentioned undertook their journey on Wednes-
day were rather more stringent than those we have
just alluded to. They were, within a few minutes
after starting, rushing helplessly along at the rate of
forty miles per hour, bound down inexorably to the
path marked out by two rigid iron rails, carrying
with them a momentum sufficient to crush everything
in their way, and with no possible means of extri-
cating themselves from the consequences of a pro-
table collision, but the power to stop, entrusted to
two men who had other occupations to attend to.
They of coarse flattered] themselves that, travel-
ling at this pace, care would be taken that no
obstructive coal waggons should be in the way, that
the utmost caution should be taken that the driver
should have notice of any possible obstruction, and
that inasmuch as the sole means at his disposal to en-
sure the safety of the passengers, in the event of a
threatened collision, consisted in the power of stop-
ping the train, measures little short of infallible of
conveying such notice to him should be adopted. It
remains to be seen how these conditions were ful-
filled on the Great Northern Railway on Wednesday.
Premising that the circumstances of the collision
are still under investigation, and that we shall there-
fore not allude to many details which appear to offer
grave matter for consideration, it is still competent
to the unprejudiced to comment upon a few of
such facts that appear beyond doubt, or others that
are established by the concurrent testimony of the
witnesses.

The fact that has the most important bearing
upon the whole proceeding, and about which
there can be no doubt, is, that the coal
carriages, which every one would suppose
would be always on the up line coming to London
from the collieries in the North, are obliged to be
transferred at Hammy from the up to the dos= line,
because the coal station is placed on that side of the
road. Here is the mainspring of the accident. Had
the Horner" coal-station been placed upon the
proper side of the line, so as to preclude the
necessity of shunting off a train from one
line to the other, the accident could never
have happened. As long as the coal-station remains
where it in there will be always at band a flourish-
ing source of accidents. As the station is there, how-
ever, the least that could be expected would be, that
ordinary precaution should be taken in transferring
to it the coals from one line to the other. As far as can
be made out by the testimony of the man RAD-
DORN; a coal train on the up side of the
line began to " shunt off to the down line
at five minutes to five o'clock on the day
is questioe." The station master knew that five
minutes after this the express train would start from
London, and might be expected at Homey at eight
or ten minutes past five. In five minutia' time after
the commeneement of the process of bringing the
coal train on the line on which the ex press was thunder-
ing towards it, there would be no possibility of com-
municating to London the fact of a stoppage, should
there be °wand thukpreventing danger by delaying
the express. Here seems the first error—a margin of
five minutes only was given for the use of the elec-
tric telegraph. rust at the expiration of this five
minutes, or, according to some accounts, a minute or
two before, an accident happened to the coal train,
which became fixed in the down line. The electric
telegraph which was employed did not convey the
news to London in time to stop the depar-
ture of the train. The only means of the
prevention of an accident were then the
ordinary ones of putting up danger sig-
nals, and sending a man on the line with flags
and detonating signals. These were, with the excep-
tion of the latter, resorted to, but in vain. For some
cause which yet remains to be explained, the driver
did not act upon the signals, and a frightful col-
lision took pines, resulting in serious injuries to
several persons, one of whom is now lying at the
hotel near the spot in a state of imminent danger.
We have purposely abstained from noticing any of
the details but those which seem uncontradicted. Is

there not. however, enough here to warrant any un-
prejudiced person in the assertion that the disciplin•
at least of oar railways I. extraordinarily imperfect ?
How is it that a station-master is entrusted with the

perilous power of moving trains across • line •
quarter of an hour before an express train will pees
by the spot without having some infallible means
of communication with the train in case
of accident ? How is it that so slight a
watch is kept op on a train advancirg with fearful
rapidity, that danger signals half or three-quarters
of a mile from the scene of accident can be passed
unnoticed? How is it that, in spite of all that has
been said upon the subject, no means of communica-
tion has yet been devised between the guard and the
driver ? Had each means been possible, the present

accident might have been avoided, as the
guard was made aware of the danger.
which the driver had not perceived. How is
it, in short, that wiaTre theissechogical tea, of der
Welly are id abindant slid a ipilway, dm • human
thoutkare so defilient that ther neutralise great
portals of the actiantagrsOur 'mechanism procures fot
us? ...these are question* that are beaming daily
mare and more important. New that the lives of
the great majority of the travelling portion of the
nation are entrusted to railway conveyance, we shall
not rest satisfied until every possible precaution is
taken that those lives shall not be needlessly
exposed.