The Express.
London, England, 1851-10-04 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 4, 1851

dared sufficient to inculpate those who had been sub-
inland,. placed in arrest, they were not tried; at
the same time they were not released, and, what is
worse, were not even informed why or wherefore
they had bees arreited. Yet is it distinctly laid
down in the Mutiny Act and articles of war, that
no officer is to be kept in arrest fora apace exceed-
ing eight days, if a snort-martial can possibly be
assembled.lor his trial. Here we had one actually
assembled, dispersing without the trial of these
officers, and seventy-two days have elapsed since their
being placed in arrest. Had they been clearly in
the wrong, there can be no doubt that they
would have been tried and dismissed the ser-
vice. But the superior officer is to blame, and
though it may be not advisable to punish him,
yet is it right to keep the inferiors still as
prisoners? Discipline should be the strict observance
of military regulations by all ranks, not the will of
any petty tyrant. If military justice is dealt with
so grossly at home, what will it be in our colonies?
If officers cannot obtain a fair trial, what are the

men to expect? Her MAJESTY'S regulations contain
rather an amusing article on this head :—" An officer
who may be placed in arrest has no right to demand
a court-martial upon himself, or to consider himself
under the restraint of such arrest, or to refuse to
return to the exercise of his duty after he shall have
been released by proper authority. It by no means
follows that an officer conceiving himself to have
been wrongfully put in arrest, or otherwise ag-
grieved, is without remedy ; a complaint is after-
wards open to him, if preferred ina proper manner,
for which provision is made by an article of
war." As well might: you tell a beggar to look for
justice in the Court ot thancery. Does not every
officer know that in the army, if he brings his com-
manding officer to trial, he is a marked man ? Can-
not case after case be cited where officers, having
done so, have subsequently been obliged to leave the
service, or have been garetted to other regiments,
thereby being placed at the bottom of their rank ?
Do not the Horse Guards know of a regiment at
present in the Mediterranean whose colonel was re-
ported unfit to command by the general on the sta-
tion, and that he still keeps his regiment ? In her
MAJESTY'S regulations it is also stated that " the
commanding officer of a regiment is invested with
authority which renders him responsible to
his sovereign and to his country for the con-
duct, in all situations, and for the credit of the corps
entrusted to his charge." Now at Weedon we
have a regiment, three officers of which have been
tried some time back, and yet are not informed of
their sentence ; two more arc in arrest, without
knowing what for ; and this has lasted seventy-two
days. Finally, the regiment has been reported to
the Itorse Guards as being in a mutinous state. As
this is an unprecedented state of affairs in any
British regiment, we trust that the blame will fall
where it is due, that justice will be impartially
administered, and that those in command, if found
to be in the wrong, will not be screened through
interest.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY EVENING.

The sitting of the Committee of Permanence yes.
terday appears to have had more importance than the
ministerial papers are willing to confess. In fact
the speech of M. Leon Faucher at Chalons was
roundly impugned by all but the Bonapartist. as an
attack upon the constitution. General Chang.rnier
said that the expressions attributed to the minister
on that occasion might be disavowed, but could not
be explained. Another member drew attention to
the number of prefects summoned to Paris. It was
said by ministerial organs that these functionaries
had come to the capital to render an account to the
government of the sessions of the councils of arron-
dissements; but this:wits a trivial pretence, for those
councils in their second session were merely occupied
with voting the taxes already voted by the councils-
general, an operation which no prefect was ever
summoned to give an account. There was ground
for believing that the object of their visit
was to be consulted as to the effect of
advancing the elections. M. Darn, an in-
timate ;vend by the way of M. Leon Faucher,
could throw no light upon this subject, which then
dropped. The report of the Assembly's commissary
of police did not give so favourable an account as
usual of the state of public tranquillity, and the
attention of the committee was drawn by M. Darn
to the agitation said to reign in the quarter of St.
Antoine and faubourgs most noted for seditious ten-
dencies. Finally the lottery of the Lingots d'Or was
the subject of much conversation. The project of
expatriating so many workmen to California, where
they would most
.probably starve, was generally
condemned. A curious advertisement was noticed in
the Sleek, which offered 100 tickets of the lottery at
30 per cent. discount, while they were offered in
certain shops at a premium. The committee broke
up their sitting without adopting any motion, and
adjourned to next Thursday week.
I must call your attention to an important deck-
ration of the Opinion Pliblique. This organ of the
thoroughgoing legitimists announces to-day distinctly
its adhesion to the candidature of General Changer-
nier ; and states, in oppOsition to the misgivings of
the Union that it is authorised to declare that GO.
neral Changarnier has never said that he would vela
again for the proposition-Creton.
The Marquis of Londonderry, in his chivalrous ad-
vocacy of the right of .Ibd-el-Kader to be set at
liberty, seems to have been betrayed into a personal
attack upon General Lamoriciere, which might have
grazed the susceptibilities of a less sensitive person.
No sooner did the African general receive notice of
the letters published in the Post than he imme-
diately applied to the queature of the Assembly for
a passport to England, and took his departure last
nifht for London, for the purpose of demanding,
without delay, explanations from the English peer,
who rates him in such harsh, terms.
The Gazette du Midi, of Marseilles, states that a
telegraphic despatch had been received there from
Paris, bringing the refusal of the government to the
request of Kossuth to be allowed to proceed to Eng-
land through France.
I am happy to be able to confirm, upon inquiry,
the report of Sir Henry Bulwer's reconciliation with
sarvaez. It is needless here to recall the circum-

stances of the original dispute, which was never of a
personal but wholly of a political nature. The Spa-
nish marshal, with that frankness which has always
formed a redeeming feature in a character too often
betrayed by choler into rash and violent deeds,
took occasion, on his recent visit to England,
to express to Lord Palmerston his lively regret
at the unceremonious expulsion of Sir Henry
Bulwer from the court of Spain. At that time it
was his conviction that the safety of his country de-
pended upon the extermination of the revolutionary
party, whose chiefs boasted the friendship and
abused the hospitality of the British minister. All
other considerations be sacrificed to this patriotic
motive of saving Spain; and he signed the decree of
the council which sent Sir Henry Bulwer his pass-
ports with the same feeling with which ho would
have laid the axe to the root of a tree, under which
wild beasts took refuge. After the marshal had ex-
pressed himself without reserve in handsome and
corteous terms tawards Sir Henry, it was natural to
expect that when the latter returned from his
mission to Washington the first opportunity
that occurred would be taken to shake hands, and
dismiss all recollection of old grievances. Accord-
ingly, soon after Sir Henry Bulwer's arrival at Paris,
this reconciliation was celebrated at a grand dinner
given by Narvaez at the Trois Freres Provenraux, to
which the Spanish minister, Donoso Cortes, and the
Dukes of Osana, Ribas, and Tamames, and all the
grandees and dons of note and distinction at Paris.
There, over the excellent Burgundy which has
helped to cement so many other alliances, the ex-
ambassador and ex-premier at the court of Madrid
forgot their ancient grudge and became once more
" buenos amigos."
M. Emile de Girardin energetically opposes the
scheme of sending ),coo emigrants to California with ,
the lottery funds. Ile says that, however impotent ,
the press may be to change the determination of the
government, disclosures will be made at the tribune,
at the opening of the Assembly, which will so clearly
show the misery, disease, and death there awaiting
any,large number of unfiiended, penniless emigrants,
that they will themselves refuse to go. M. do
Girardin strongly recommends that the money should
be expended in the construction of buildings for the
working classes (cites ouvrieres) in Paris, Lyons,
Rouen, and Lille, and enters into calculations to
show that these establishments, giving the labourer
the benefit of the system of buying provisions by

wholesale, would be more than self-supporting, and
would yield large profits, from which the number
might be inffeased• to the extent of 30 millions of
franks by the grant of the 4,600,000 disposable from
the lottery funds. lie refers to the model lodging:
houses in Pen tonville and Gray's-inn-road, as examples
of holy much may be done for the poor by this system.
Voluntary labourers' associations are decidedly on
the increase in France. Within these six months
associations of cabinetmakers, shoemakers, tailors,
turners, and carriers have been formed at Strasbourg,
and in the arrondissement of Sedan sixteen mama-

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Bons of different trades have been formed.
In M. Carßees circular about the Lingots d'Or,
which I mentioned yesterday, on the subject of the
tickets with duplicate numbers, it is announced that
they are very few in number, and these arose evi-
dently from an error, which, considering the im-
mense number of tickets, it was difficult to avoid.
Should it happen for a prize to fall to a ticket with
a double number, recourse will be had to the coun-
terfoil, and the ticket which proceeds from it will, of
course, be the legitimate one.
The President of the Republic has, on the demand
of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belgium, con-
ferred the Cross of the Legion of Honour on eleven
Belgians who served in the imperial armies.
A synod was held at Mans ou September the 6th,
attended by three hundred ecclesiastics of the diocese
of Maine, in which it was decided that the pointed
cap should be replaced by the square cap throughout
the diocese. This apparently puerile subject of deli-
beration for so grave a body is pregnant with mean-
ing. You have only to refer to a collection of cos-
tumes of the time to remark that Saint Ignatius and
Father Lainoz, and all the good Jesuit fathers, wore
the square cap. The pointed cap, on the other hand,
was the traditional head-dress of the Galleon clergy.
The triumph of the square over the pointed cap is,
then, nothing less than the triumph of jesuitism over
the Gallican church—of Escobar over Boasuet—of the
Council of Trent over the declaration of 1602. It
symbolizes the union of the Maine clergy with ultra-
montanism and Loyola.
Some interesting statistics, extracted from the re-
cent report of the Minister of Justice, on the admi-
nistration of civil and criminal justice in the year
1849, are published by the National, for the purpose
of disproving the favourite theory of all classes of the
anti-republicans, that a republican form of govern-
ment is incompatible with public morality. It
considers returns of proceedings in the law courts as
a very accurate measure of public morality, because
every attack upon the principles of society, every
injury to an individual, tends ultimately to a judicial
investigation. The returns show that during the last
three years of the monarchy the average number of
bankruptcies was 4,001 a year. In the two first
veers of the republic the average was 3,382. Upon
this head the report shows an advantage in favour of
the republic beyond the mere comparison of the
figures, for it states that the loss suffered by creditors
in 1846 and 1817 was much greater than in 1848
and 1849, because several of the moat important
failures in the two latter years were little more than
suspensions of payment, from which the creditors
ultimately suffered but little. The average number of
crimes against property in the two last years of the
monarchy was 5,816 annually; in the two first years
of the republic it was 4,468. The comparative num-
ber of civil actions in respect of rights to property by
contract, or by inheritance during the same period
was an average of 4,071 under the monarchy, and
3,660 under the republic. With respect to the num-
ber of forced sales for the payment of creditors, the
returns show a difference slightly against the repub-
lic, but this is accounted for by the consideration
that the large number of insolvent proprietors who
had long bolstered themselves up by a pernicious
system of credit could not but feel the shuck of the
revolution of February. The intensity of the crisis
was not so great as might have been expected, foe
the figures are : monarchy, 17,094 ; republic, 18,483.
During the lust years of the monarchy there were
annually 3,575 applications for a separation between
man and wife ; under the republic there have been
but 3,063. Disavowals of paternity were : monarchy,
65 ; republic, 47. Actions for maintenance by parent
against child, child against parent, or by wife
against husband, were : monarchy, 1,021 ; republic,
812. Arrests solicited by parents against their
children were: monarchy, 1,062 ; republic, 889. The
most material results of these comparisons arc in fa-
Your of the republic, a diminution of 15} per cent. of
bankruptcies, of 23 per cent. of crimes against pro-
perty, of 15 per cent. in actions for separation of
man and wife, of 38 per cent, in disavowals
of paternity, and 16 per cent. in cases of children
delivered up to justice by their parents. These
figures certainly furnish a strong practical argument
to show that the incompatibility of the republic with
property, family, and commercial morality yet re-
mains to be proved.
Nine new rooms on the ground-floor of the Louvre
are to be opened to the public to-morrow. They
contain a collection of French sculptures from the
time of Louis XII. to the modern sculptors, notation
and Chaudet. Three other rooms are to be opened
at a later period, with sculptures of the middle ages.
The metallic reserve of the Bank of France has
augmented 11 millions in Paris, and declined some-
thing more than j a millioa in the provinces. The
discount accommodation shows a falling-off of some-
what more than j million in Paris, and an augmenta-
tion of 1,1, millions in the provinces; the amount of
the former being 34,091,387 francs, and of' the latter
62,206,569 francs. On the side of the liabilities, the
notes in circulation have increased both in Paris and
the brunch-banks, in the former 11 millions and in
the latter 3 millions. The account-current of the
treasury has declined millions, the present amount
being 91,295,632 francs. Private accounts-current
have declined of a million in Paris, and increased
2 millions in the departments; the amount of the
former being 117,996,214 francs, and of the latter
31,282,414 francs. The whole of the metallic reserve
at present amounts to 626} millions, to 5421 millions
of notes in circulation.

At the Bourse the FITC per Cents. rose 40c., and
cloud at 01.13; and the Three per Cents. rose 33,
closing at 56.
Railways were very firm. Versailles (left bank) rose
16.25 ; right bank and Centre, 7.30 ; Northern, Or-
leans, and Marseilles, 2.50.