The Express.
London, England, 1848-10-05 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 4 5, 1848.

amebas details aie literal facts, and
oar ova them Now that so much cariosity it eight
.m.th..sbie*.si.usgreuey, we-cannot conceive supers
.2tee_able-boon to dui public than a reprint of the
of that report relating to vagrants would be.
poetics dogmatists more forcibly than any other
way the identity of the great body of onr vagrant
with that or onr p.malation. vagrants Wit*
in a ward, the land-maw, or provincial niMl, is
which the candidates for the criminal smote aria
are trained, and from which the latter is perpstuak
' recruiting itself.
, It is serious that it was precisely in the year Ink
whisk poor-law expenses, having reached their
aliefewere the year before, began spin to eliab
towards a maximum, that vagrancy, in its present
form, began to be formidable. A late memorial of the
guarding of &Martin's-in-the-Fields, on this subject,
will apply, with little alteration, to the general aer
perienoe of the country :
Previesely te the year 1839 (says the memorial) the pallet
of St. Merikeriertheorielle experienced but l•tile heumaye-
WllllOl from wipliendea far relief, from what are celled mad
poor.
Sash applications were of rare occurrence wail as yaw
ebeopineuioned; when persona, having no known plow fit
shade, applied before this date, their demands were gam-
rally net by the affording some relief in fo.el, animus.
sioisaity • night's lo4ing.
The numbers of fte vagrants applying for relief bops
gradually to increase donna the year ligkr, when 767 sat
persons received admission into the workhouse of St. Mar-
tin's in thallelds.

Ia 1840, the amber of such adalimiona was nearly dou-
bled, as In that year it amounted to 1,376. The aanshief
rapidly extended, seta in 1646 se may as 6,308 casuals or
vagrants were admitted, and in the lam l ear, 1847, no lam
than 11,574 admissions of tramps, loodediag wires and chil-
dren, look place.
The above pithy sentences are a history, in minia-
ture, of the general rise of this new social plague.
The number relieved at this one workhouse in 1847,
was more than 16 times the number relieved in 1839.
Es uno disco onmeis.

The main cause of this rapid increase in the impor-
tunity of applicants for casual relief, it seems most
judicious to indicate in the precise words of the official
whose manual on the subject
ii we have alluded to.
It appears (says Mr. Lo ) that at one time they (i.e.
the migratory depredators au vagrants, the description of
whose shareefaristies in the constabulary report he had just
referred to) betook themselves not to the workhouses, but to
low lodgingskoases in towns.
But, as site workhouses became established la the mural
unions In the different parts of the country, and became pro-
vided with wards for the reeeptin of wandering poor, the
tramper' and vagrants, and than poorer classes who are
actually travelling in seg.& of week, began to diseover that
these wards in the workhouse wen a snore comfortable and
convenient refuge than the outhouses and the she ; and, as
they were for use gratuitously, were less espensive Mon the
lodging houses. •
tiradasally, therefore, the migratory poor, as well at the
professed beggar and vagabond, betook themselves to these
receptacles ; the facility of admission, and the comfort of the
shelter have increased the applicant., if not the actual num-
ben of the class, to an alarming extent.
The influx of Irish paupers, and the disbanding of
hordes of improvident rseeies, go to complete the
picture. One trait, we think, Mr. LUMLEY has
scarcely put forward with sufficient prominence—via.,
that in proportiou as the casual wards are crowded by
these vagabonds of both sexes, do the more deserving
class of destitute persons—the humble well-conducted
labourer, or the decent female servant, or the modest
wife or widow of the deceased or absent artisan—
recoil from the workhouse, and submit to any priva-
tion rather than encounter the filth and contagion,
the violence and obscenity, which riot in the casual
wards, uncontrollable by any force which the master
of the workhouse has at his command; unpnnishable
by any law which the local authorities are not, for
reasons not without their weight, considerably averse
to the frequent enforcement of.

the akove-ramed nobleman, and that hi ham taken
.steptto pat down the disturbances in North Hungary
by it millimy fora* teen Moravia. He adds that
meanares have been adopted to put an god to t►e
interne Minden aad M restore the neoesniey unity
between the Hungarian and non,Hanganan states.
Its the efrouls.r to thelsrmy, thelbmperar expresses
the conviction that the commander-in-chief of the
. Hungarian army on one side, and the Ban of Croatia
on the other, in- abalones to the orders conveyed by
the Cottnt von Ladtbety, will immediately ones the
unnatural strife between two forces,both of which be-
long to his imperial banner. The foregoing is not a
literal translatton, but it contains all the substance of
the maalfretoes, neither of which is countersigned,
strange to say, by any minister.
Late on the night of the 27th there were serious
disturbances in one of the fanbourgs, on the occasion
of a charivars: Twelve members of the national
guard and six of the rioters were dangerously
wounded.

The quarrel between the newspaper editors and re-
porters on one side, and the constitueut Assembly on
the other, still continuos; and only one journal pub-
lishes the reports of the debates. The Minister of the
Interior is iIL

It is stated that the Ban of Croatia has already'
reached Buda (opposite Pesth), the imperial mant-
kites, having failed to arrest his course. The Pres-
burg Gissette states that the Archduke Stephen ar-
rived at Buda on the evening of the 25th. Up to the
26th Pesth was tranquil, but the Hungarian general,
Moga, had refused to publish the manifestoes of the
Emperor. If Jellachich be really in Buds, a san-
guinary contest must have taken place. of which no
details have reached Vienna.
BAVARIA.—The Munich papers of the 28th an-
nounce the discovery of a republican plot in that city,
and the arrest of a *umber of democrats, including
the Baron von Nanendorf, Dr. Heimann, and the
editors of two papers. Considerable excitement pre-
vailed in the Bavaran capital.
FRANKFORT.—The insurrection in Baden and
Wettemberr is all but entirely suppressed.
The Augsburg Gasetie announces that, according
to the orders of the Ministry of the Empire, of Frank
fort, a camp, to be composed of five regiments
of infantry and two of cavalry, with three bat-
teries of artillery, is to be immediately formed in
Bavaria, on the frostier of Wurtemberg ; and that
another camp is being formed at Kreuzuach, near
Cublentz, at which some of the troops have already
arrived.

Although the writer of the following letter is of far
different political opinions from ours, we print it for
the sake of its information.
BERLIN, Seer. 29, 7 P.M.
The Pfuel ministry has concluded a momentary sr-
mistice with the revolution in the chamber and in the streets
by amusing it with some phraxer, which it must needs accept
as solid coin, unless It would run its head against the mili-
tary force that has been prepared. Oar position is appa-
rently little altered by this arrangement, but in point of fact
it is much imptneed. Were th.., revolution in the chamber
and in the sereeta to make any new movement at present, it
would only be .upportod by the proletaricil elapse, the Poles
and a very 'male portion of the bourgeois... Against it would
be enrolled all tne proprietary classes, the officials, and the
army, with its fortresses and inatiriel of war. In the imme-
diate vicinity of Berlin are now assembled 35,000 infantry,
80 pieces of artillery, 4,000 cavalry, 2,000 tit...insure and
000 pioneers. They are provided with hand-grenades for
the cellars, and short fuseand twenty-pounders for the
houses, and otker munitions of war. And to back them there
are 60,000 peasants and burgher. who cling with devoted
affection to the King, who has confidingly and generously
given them a constitution.
The Balin bourgeoisie are unluckily incapable of meriting
the important rights which have been conferred upon them
by an energetic display of their conservative principles, and
re-establishing the ascendancy of common sense. Although
government has placed at their dive sal 1,2(0 constables,
supported by 12,000 foot soldiers, and 1,000 horse, the
preaa continues, nevertheless, to assert the right of meeting
in public places and caballing in associations to promote the
cause of revolution. in point of fact, the burgher guard is
too often a mere guard of honour for the Jacobus clue.
Berlin suffers terribly ander the new system. All classes
are impoverished. Science, art, and industry perish, al-
though a portion of our day labourers are in the receipt of
I'. Bd. a day. And the chamber shows no desire to put an
end to this Nate of affairs, and to evince energy fur the re-
establishment of pesos and order. On the contrary, when-
ever the government opposes itself heartily to those evils
it is instantly called to account in the chamber. Into such a
miserable condition may a state of the first order be plunged
when proved rights of freemen are bestowed without previous
inquiry whether those who receive are competent to exercise
them:

It eitay be ukedwkether we bad not—ln ourpesmustry, our
army, in our loyal officials, in our general prosperity, in the
men of the old Die..-1011111 counterpoise to the demo-
ralised muses ? We have, alas, no aristocracy worthy
of the name. Our nobles are mere receivers sod Com-
muters of rests. The land owners of this are ere
purely egoistic. They cannot keep their ground in the
elections.- Sines 1816 they alone have possessed political
privileges. It is ineossosinkle what has been done for them
ni the last 80 jeer. by the givernmeat But their exclusive
privileges have done for them what a protective duty does
for manufacturers; they have grown idle and useless.
Viecks and Schwerin are the only two landed proprietors of
ctcg.ai influence. MM. Arnim, Anerswald, du., are pro-
al or bureaucrats. Matinfamares and
the army have given us useful public men, bet the leaded
proprietary none. It is true that our best officers are of
noble families, but they have been portionless. We have
5.000 noble landowners (Ritterguinksieser), and not one of
them is available for the service of the state. They are at
feud with half the population of the land.
The news of the Bussisa advance inis Galicia is certainly
sot to be retied on. Busk km too few men in that quarter
to lend effective support to the Austrians in Italy. And had
such aid hem foatemplated the Brehm railway and UM
route by Vienna would mit tredly have been taken. If the
report se true it is important, for with the sesistanesof Russia
Austria may prolong the war iad&initely.
If Wien Is not received Mgt. Peter barg a more silkiest
envoy will be eubstltuted in the persona Hedowrille. Argo,
Savage, sad Lelkau are in
to constant oommunisation. They
appear all three to belong the red republic, and to support
their kiitirel spirits in Poland, Prussia, and the south west
of Germany with mos ly to env amount.
Here, in B. ilia, the Natioial Assembly appear to have
assumed a position of systematic hostility to ministers, kr
the purpose of orrempelling than to acknowledge its CAamber-
Sowovisney. The street riots will be called lato play for
that purpose. Government, with the troopsa sembled round
Berlin in the back-ground, may be able, however to keep •
majority. The king surrounded by some ultra!royaliste—
and sometimes seduced by the Willies= to tread in revolu-
notary ways—keeraverthelem on the whole the middle
path. But by the is will, Prank receives a eonetitution
on far too broad a • • •
In cionetiqemmoe of the events in Frankfort, troops are on
the march teem Westphalia, Bohemia, Bamberg &c., to-
wards the west The oasts imposed by the revolution on
our pier land are isteredible; end trade is eta stead still.
A general imainnotica of the laLouring classes is prepar-
ing in Silesia Count Reichenbisch, deputy from that pro-
vince, sat Giffin. it 8 nays ago. The revolution is alliance
with parliamentary cira.cey, which &immense sees you is
London, is a delicate invasion for whist' we have to thank
the Freach of the 24th of February.

MADRID, Barr. 28.
It is reported that a division of the republicans have
penetrated iato Aragon by the valley of Nacho and Anso.
Galicia was to have rben on the 20th, but the authorities
were vigilant, and suppressed the first movements. Buceta
threatened the frontier from Portugal, where ha win organi-
sing a republican faction. The G“lician cortes-deputy,
Eugenio Bimini Pereira, was arrested and conducted to
Corwina. Nine aergeants 0f:rt,,,rx...„, of Bourbon, quar-
tered at Comma, had been
A faction hes appeared in the Sierra Nevada, uncertain
whether republican or YonteimoUnict.
On the 23d, another ship, the Colon, Wen with 328 poli-
tical Flamm, pat to Na Area Cadir for Manilla. Sanchez
del Aroo, director of the Nacional_paper ef Cadiz, was
among the deported. The Giant del Valle Es Mm 3uaa had
also Iran arrested and maliezheil for the Cannel's.

A letter from Basehes del Arco appeared in the Nacia4ai
on the day of the Colon's departure, in whisk he attributes
his banishment to an article which he wrote meommeding
to the humanity of the iahabitatte of COM the rallortimate
prisoners who werepeted in the Nueva Wm, in come.
qualm of which a don wee g.. 4 up to the Inhata to in-
tercede for duct th the Queen,
. _

Tae Henfdo been that POWmidi has retuned eat of the
Ilswatrasso into Catalosia. Villaloolga's Owlet Wands of
the former distriet was producing a feriae sad estreata
en= of all niceraries among the inhabitants.

MALTA, 811.11. 16.
Monsignor Coele, th• Jesuit cosifemor to the Hire
of Naples, who wee compelled to dm ter MOM ago, end
take Wage in Malta, has smiled himself el theJesait ems&
eery to More to Naples. He left to.. es the fled, in the
French steamer Mee. His nephew, wire had shed Ids
▪ aceoespaaied his. H. M. st. kirks UMW mho&
on the Yid frees Trieste and Carta. 111010111/40* lie MOM
fathead= of the blockade of Tonic* by the Ansidemagnail
ron. This news the Malta intimsteCto . the
Chamber of Consume. The Willed* WA INA
seals tloeaht of in ea deli 4111181111111
sentry. The T now amlidng,
• , and taking I. provides' kw dee lad: she will leave
after snivel of the merland soil of hiek. IL IL Sewer
Antelope arrived on the 25th hem Osaka and
Patna. Bk. was refused praises at Osaka hens har-
ing a smpasted bill af Ikeda has the wiseacres
sr Malta. The Taimise MI Chimed Company's
steamer Sallee =hid Hs as the Mk
t • tioniikl sue dist daps. Cashes leas
alerard them
end was Sial bet was at Owns. Arrivals hem Malta, at
Naples, are *eel V M age' twereatine. This is to sea-
sons, sts. :2 11 mama 'lds Malta Hoed efliseith
bib abed* wiliest • seam. ashy,

1 rhea so. . the oonfesions of the malefactors themselves,
. results. (pow .at meadaderahla leatith, • the • gentabrograslay
kat has of Mak Unit' /ea ''Me raider laces into Ike
t° Atili. Trdtairarre4dlB7 Potelaapik. lbeir ' WM&
i Mee, in a hair* and.' bogie& Ord all. tlesi
aof the chamaterietkir of their aot7:11ball 4a work with
r= ,whideArtimil aggregate& u el
=lag In lima or in FIELDING, With the ad-
distant ' ' In
that its not lees graphic and