The Express.
London, England, 1848-05-16 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 16, 1848.

rich. Mr. CARLYLE addresses the popular party '
telling them—never mind electoral or political rights.
Clamour for bread, demand employ. We beg to say
that this can at most make successful mendicants.
And what is wanting is not full-bellied mendicants,
or sleek, contented slaws. We want freemer, intelli-
gent men, active, industrious, self-subsisting men,wbo
can carve their own fortunes, earn their own bread,
choose their own representatives, and lift up their
faces to Heaven, as, the poet tells us, man's face was
made to look.

Unfortunate Ireland is at present floating between
two leviathans—one of which hu long fed upon her,

the other merely waiting to take its turn at'the re-
past. An English proteetant aristocracy has been the
old successful leviathan ; an Irish catholic demo-
cracy, or theocracy, is the new and the threat-
ening one. To save Ireland from both should
be the aim of every liberal and philanthropic
mind. And this can only be done by appealing to •
middle and an intelligent class in Ireland—if such can
be raised—fostered, ruid endowed with the pride and
the self-confidence and the power requisite. The go-
vernment have no more efficient way of going about
this than by granting municipal rights, extending
electoral rights, and doing everything in its power to
conciliate and strengthen some clam in Ireland equally
independent of Ireland's past and Ireland's future
dominators, the Orangemen and the priesthood.
Not only is this necessary in Ireland, but it is
equally requisite in Ireland and in this country to
give birth to a large electoral class, such as may one
day return a House of Commons free from those
routine and class prejudices which render the
task of government or legislation an impossibility,
and which incapacitate any minister from facing
the terrible exigencies and difficulties of the present
time. As to the prei.ent parliament inventing or suffer-
ing any scheme for pacifying or saving Ireland, that
is out of the question. Even our English aristocracy
can scarcely hold its head above the rising tide of
popular difficulties and demands, and in that po-
sition it will not yield an atom of its privileges,
except what is wrung from it by fear.
Still it matters not. Thorough liberals should never
despair, and never relax exertion. It would indeed
be culpable to do so. For we are confident that the
moment liberal Lopes become extinct and liberal
alarm become paralysed, then, and at once, commence
the fears and the prospect, and the inevitable advent
of revolution.

So long as the Pope remains a temporal sovereign,
and directs the earthly affairs of the Roman States,
his holiness must not hope to escape from the n
spun-
ssbtlitiee, the dangers, and the weaknesses attendant
on such a sovereignty. Like other princes, he must
take all its charier s and run all its risks. Though he
may personally be freer from faults than most of his
contemporaries, and be animated by a higher and
holier spirit than they, his subjects have, neverthe-
less, feelings, passions, prejudices, animosities, and
partialities, like the people of states less directly con-
nected with the other world; and the Papal govern-
ment can no more expect to be exempt from the
effects of popular influences than the Grand Turk or
the Emperor of China. As it is in Paris ss must
it be in Heine; what the people will there with
unanimity and energy must produce corresponding
effects on their governments; and resistance to the
general determination of the Roman people is just HS
revolutionary in its tendencies, as Loos PHILIPPE
found resistance to the determination of the Pari-
sians. Doubtless so beneficent and Food a sovereign
as Pio Noso deserves great consideration at the
bands of his subjects ; but no one can deny that their
conduct to him has generally been characterised by
affection and gratitude. When, therefore, we learn
that threats of deposition have been held out to his
holiness, the inference clearly is, that the provocation
must have been very great. And so, in truth, it was.
Pio NONO, after having roused Italy to a due sense of ]
the enormity and degradation of Austrian domina-
tion ; after having brought together the princes and
people of Italy into a league, the real object of which
was the emancipation of the peninsula from German
thraldom; after having excited his subjects to a per-
sonal quarrel with the Austrians; after having
permitted volunteers to come in and march
from his territories in support of the Lombards in
their glorious struggle—at the eleventh hour refused
to allow the Romans to participate directly, honour-
ably, and as a state, in the war of Italian indepen-
dence. Surely there was provocation enough here?
In the position in which Italy now is, the refusal of
an Italian prince to join in the war now waging
against that foreign power which for centuries has
been the blight and curse of the country—the holding
back of a prince whose adhesion to the national cause
would carry with it a moral force far superior to any
military force he could furnish—this unwillingness
en the part of a sovereign to yield to the universal
wish of his people to aid their brethren, might
well produce a burst of disapprobation, nay of
indignation, even against PioNoNe, whose name had
fur months been the watchword of Italian patriotism.
The war now raging in Lombardy is a war of inde-
pendence in which all Italy is interested; it is a war for
the emancipation of the pent nsula.from the German yoke;
it is an effort to restore Italy to the Italians; it is a
national crusade, in which the sympathies of all civi-
lised nations are with the Italians. Can we, then, be
surprised that the Romans should desire to dedicate
their newly-recovered freedom to such a cause?
Would not our wonder rather be that they should
be content to look on the struggle ae distantly inte-
rested spectators only? In such a cause the vanguard
of the national army was the proper place for the
Roman people : they felt it to be so, and they be-
came offended only with their sovereign when his
estimate of their duty to Italy fell beneath their own.
It is idle to talk of the treaties by which
Austria has acquired rights in Italy. The only
rights she ever possessed there were those of the
sword ; her possession was ono of force, sub-
mitted to because of her supposed gigantic power,
and of Italian weakness and disunion, endured
as a conquest to be thrown off on the first favourable
opportunity. And now that the opportunity has
arrived, for England or any power to tell any portion
of Italy that it ought to rest in quiet whilst other
portions are in arms, may be what statesmen call
policy, but it is such policy as men, wishful to be
free, as nations resolved to be independent, will de-
spise. Austria was a stranger in Italy—a con-
queror there—holding what she had conquered by
foreign troops ; forcing her despotism on the courts of
the minor princes ; supporting the despotism which
she forced upon them by military power whenever
she thought fit; denying even to such parts V Italy
as she had no pretence of right over, the vestige of
constitutional rule; depriving Italy of fair play, its
natural influence, and of its physical and geographical
advantages in Europe ; and reducing it to an
appendage of the cumbrous, barbarous relics
of the old German empire. Was such a state
of things to be eratireda moment longer than it could
be avoided ? Had not every Italian, an interest 7
a direct, immediate, material, and moral interest in
terminating such a domination ? And would not
the world have cried shame (whatever statesmen
might have done) on that state in Italy which hung
back from the charge that will sooner or later drive
the Austrians beyond the Alps? In such an emer-
gency, at such a crisis, it was not to be expected that the
Roman people would place much reliance on, or give
much heed to, the im eirtance of the Pope remaining
on good terms with the gnat catholic pow r 01
Central Europe. Ttiat would indeed have been too
large a price to pay for papal government.
But how long is it that such was the master policy
of Pius? It is not many months since he himsele
theereened Austria with the wrath of the eharcla f
violating 11 e territ ivies confided to his care. And
was the violation of Ferrara of more importance than
the independence of Italy? To ba free internally-7
to enable the people of Italy to consolidate in their
several states the freedom they have won, the Italian
peninsula must be independent. All Italy feels this
great truth ; and, in threatening the Pope, the
Itoman people have only shown titer appreciation
of it.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND SELT-AIIPPORTINO VILLAGE
St/CIE/Y.—A public meeting, in aid of this society, was an-
nounced to take place y. werslay at the Hanover-aquae,
Warns. At the oir appointed a large number of pemns
ha I aesembl,d outside the doors; but it being understood
that a considt rattle nua.ber of tickets had fallen into the hands
of some ol the most violent of the chartist body, from whom
en interruption of the proccvdings was anticipated, it was
dctermint d that they should not be admitted, and in conic
qneoce of their endeavours to obtain an intone the ma-
nager of the room, refused to n:low the meeting to talc"
place, and it was torotrain,;ly p-qponed to another day. It
will he n.en by a ro!tpote • to our pnlire report, that the
atlait faro:Asa some employau.nt lot the magisttat: of the
local court.

FRANCE.

PARIS, MONDAY, 101 A.M.
°refit anxiety is felt and many precautions taken
respecting the popular manifestation announced for
this morning. While I am writing these lines the
Place de la Bastille is covered with some thousands
of citizens, as they call themselves, about to I
march in procession along the Boulevards, with
the ostensible purpose of demanding from ,
the National Assembly a resolution in favour of ,
Poland. Poland, however, is but the pretext, the ,
real purpose being to produce disorders, out of which
the chances of predominance for the ultra-democratic
party may be favoured. The question (says La Presto)
this morning) is only a pretext of foreign war to
kindle at home the flames of civil war, and to renew
the law of the suspected.
The executive commission held a council last night
and resolved on the following proclamation, which
has been poetsigirough Paris this morning :
MAI' 14, lniallglgUrrizitsia,—The republic is founded en,
end cannot exist without, order. With order a:one can you
have work. With order alone the great question of the
amelioration of the lot of the operatives c►n be discussed
and resolved. You have urderatood this truth. France
applauds your attitude, at once resolute and calm.
From the day when public manifestation, the inevitable
result of the first days of a revolution ceased, confidence and
commerce were restored, and with them iodustry. Since
yesterday, however, Paris has again seen some 4' attroupe-
meets," which have engendered new fears in the minds of
many. Paris is astonislitil, nut frightened. Citizens, the re-
public exist., power is constituted, the whole people exerts
its will in sod through the National Assembly. Right and
power are centred there: they cannot exist else
where. Why, then, these attroupements?" The
right of meeting, the right of discuseien, the right of
petition are sacred, do out cuinpromiee them fey public and
imprudent agitation, which can add nothing to their force.
Ciusens, public tranquillity is the guarantee of labour—the
safeguard of all into ests. The commission of the executive
power, convinced that all excitement to illegal or *bruit
manifestations destroys labour and compromise* the exist-
ence of a people, will know how to maintain with vigour
and in cart ry quarter the public tranquillity which is threat-
ened. The cumuli Ginn in the accomplishment of this duty
calls on all sincere RepuAicans, end relies on the excellent
spirit of the Parisian population, which has hitherto pro-
tected, and will continue to protect, the revolution, as well
against anarchy as against reaction.—(Signed) Arego, °fer-
nier Pages, Marie, Lamartine, Ledru-Rollin.
Blanqui's club has offered for some days a remark-
able feature. It is: that Blarqui himself is outdone
by his followers. One of the orators has demanded
that the people should act immediately. He proposes
that the people should go to the Assembly, and present
their ultimatum on certain questions, demanding an
answer " yes," or " no." He will not allow a few
day s for deliberation before the answer shall be
given. M. Blanqui has for two days opposed
this speaker, declaring that it would be impru-
dent thus to hasten events ; thst the mewl of the
people are not yet sufficiently enlightened, and that by
this precipitation all would be risked.
Yesterday evening, a violent scene nearly occurred,
because a person supported the views of Blanqui, and
asked if the first speaker was not playing the part of
an agent of their enemies.

We have received the Madrid mails and corre-
spondence of the 10th. They cor.tain little intelli-
gence of general interest. Olozaga, it appears, was
re-taken at the moment he was crossing the boundary
at Gibraltar. An alarm of another insurrection was
given on night of the oth, when the audiences of the
theatres suddenly evacuated their places and ran home.
It appeared, however, to have been a false alarm.
MADAM, MAY 10.—Three per Omits., 211 mooast ; rive per 0.4144.,
411 paper; osisives, si paper; Coupons, sy pain; Bank of M.
Ferdiasmi, ez. 4ir., 110 sash. Exellange on London at 30 days,
41 paper.

PAPAL STATES.—From Rome, under date May
Gtb, wo learn that a great demonstration had taken
place the preceding evening before the palace of the
Sardinian Minister, on the arrival of the news of
Charles Albert's victory at 13ussolengo. It is now
stated that the correspondence of the Cardinals was,
not read to the people, as stated in former accounts.

By letters from Constantinople, under date May 1,
it would appear as if the political cents of Europe
have had also some effect in Turkey. There has
been a great change in the ministry. The Grand
Vizier, Reschid Pacha, has been dismissed.
This took place suddenly on the 28th ult. Sarim
Pacha, the President of the Grand Canton of Justice
, has been raistd to be Grand Vizier, and lialil Pacha
to be President of the Council, in place of Sarim
Pacha.