The Express.
London, England, 1849-05-01 00:00:00

THE UNITED STATES.

We published yesterday a summary of the intel-
ligence brought by the British and North American
royal mail steam-ship Niagara, arrived at Liverpool
Rey morning. She brings dates from New
irdlito the 17th nit. ; Baton, to the 18th; and
Halifax, to the 19th. These dates are only a few days
later than came to hand by the Robert C. Winthrop,
Ashburton, and Guy Mannering.
The following letter from our correspondent will be
found to contain all the news up to the time of the de-
parture of the Niagara:
NEW YORK, Aran. 17.
Oar own affairs have just now a threefold aspect.
One concerns our commercial relations, one our new
possessions in California, and one the conduct and
policy of our present administration. I will endea-
your to make this apparent to those of your readers
who begin to regard our country with interest.
The proposed relaxation of your navigation laws
bad begun to excite much attention, and though I
informed you that reciprocity on one part would not
be thought of by oar government for a moment, and
that instructions would be sent out to our minister at
your court quite different from those under which it
was supposed he was acting, yet a great many intel-
ligent and well-informed public men, and many of
our leading journals begin to inquire, whether after
all, the measure to which I allude would not be bene-
ficial to American trade. Thus they say, American
packets are the favourite vessel, of the world, and
W.ll always have the preference with merchants,
and that if we could trade from port to port
in the British possessions, as freely as the
British themselves, our commerce would MOM
than double at once, and that in many articles
the products of American industry, we should be
almost without competition. They also say that the
English could not take away our coasting trade, inas-
much as, in the first elllee, the moment they sent
their vessels to our shores to engage in this traffic,
they would find their seamen asking higher wages ;
next, they could not, with their present style of ves-
sels, do. the meeting trade at all; next, if they
attempta :, tbe Yankee skippers, being at home, would
beat , both in freighting and sailing •, and, finally,
they would be compelled to make all their repairs,
and purchase all their supplies, in our ports. There-
fore,
.say these persons, we are willing to make the
experiment; end if your navigation act had not been
defeated I imagine a very vigorous attempt
would have been made in the next con-
gress to pus some reciprocal bill. It
is
expected that Mr. Bancroft, when be returns
to the United States will have something to
say on this subject. Our spring business is thus far
very backward. I am informed by leading merchants
that its propped@ are very far from encouraging.
Nearly one-half the notes given for last fall's pm-
chases, issued by country merchants in the Northam
and Western States are past due and unpaid. They
write that they have abundant means in the shape et
the products of the soil, but they have yet to some to
market, and to a market without much outlet. Mosey
is exceedingly scarce in all the principal ebbs of the
Union, and particularly in New York, be oraleteralal
purposes. The rate of interest on thermal madeabead
securities last week ran up to ls. et pee amt pee
dq I
uwr Calibrate affairs are another levee el
as well as interest. The mail samer Falcon=
ts
here last week, bringing dates from Paeans.
The Peed. steamer California had not returned
Sea San Prude" being overdue away
days. It was supposed that her crew had
deserted her, and that she could not procure wale.
In this dilemma, the passengers waiting for her did
not know what to do. Many persons had taken up
land, and had become agriculturists; others bad re-
soma their native; others had gone down in the Bri-
tish steamers to Valparaiso, in hopes to find sailing
weak there; and many were returning home to the

United States. A few whalers and English mesh
touching at Panama had been 'bartered to proceed to
California, and enormous prices were paid for pongee.
Seven bandied dollars led been paid for a bet th
No Minima vessels bed returned from San Francisco
to Panama. The gold had been sent down in British
vessels to Valparaiso, or screen to the Sandwich
islands. The acennts of the mineral richness of the
country condoned to be amernsed There is so doubt
of the troth of the stories we have heard. It is a land
abundant lisped all former precedent. It is obtained
in large gaudily.. There are specimens in dais city
of native ore worth 600 dollarseach. The Americans
at Panama have held a public emoting, at which they
have resolved not to pay more than 160 dollars for a
pump to Ilan Francisco in an ordinary vessel; and
very groat excitement prevails among them at the
exaction and frauds to which they are subjected by
ship captains and owners. In the meantime, there
are several parties of American surveyors laying out a
route for a railway ; and, besides this, it is in con-
templation to cut a mule road from Gorgona to Porto-
bello, by which means the route by the river
C
will be avoided. I have received several lettersh&C
friends detained at Panama, from whom I derive
many of these particulars.
California is all this time without • goverment
other than such as has been established by connect by
the inhabitant* themselves. Society is there to be
found in its most unrestricted forms. It is supposed
that the military oocupaien of the cooatry will as
much es possible be shaped so as to preserve order.
We have had late accounts from Col. Fremont's
pity, that attempted to go to San Francisco by land.
Holm lost quite • number of his party b cold and'
starvation—among them some aerompl artists
and area of science. He had the good torture to
Ma a Mexican settlement, and to send back mist-
rials to those of his comrades who were yet alive; bat
be was compelled to abandon the idea el crooning the
Maine in the direction he proposed. His wife has
maim' Passim in safety, and will proceed up the
mast to jela him. I had alma* forgotten to state that
all aloes the 'east the !migration to California had
bem lama" sad it m said that at Valparaiao this
commweil hems had kit all their clerks. They
wen Wiring salaries of 4,000 and 3,000 dollar to in-
duce them to remain, but witbost nooses.
The mews from Central and South America is some.
what interesting more PO to English readers Asa
American. In Ecuador the approaching electioa of
President, the cend;dates being Erma& and De la
Tents, was the principal subject of interest. The dif-
ficulties between the government end that of New
Granada had not been adjusted. In Peru, a con-
'piracy spinet the government was detected on the
21st of February lest, and a number of the con-
spirators bad been apprehended and transported
—moo them two genreals‘ Sea Roman and
. The president Casts& issued a prods-
nation on the 28th of February, declaring the
emptiness of the treasury and the embarrused
condition of public affairs.
In Bolivia, the President Belts had re-established
the constitution of 1838, bad surrendered his own
power to that of the laws, convoked congram, and
selected a popular cabinet. The prospect of a revela-
tion had diminished under these circumstances.

From Central America we have news to the 2nd of
March. San Salvador was quiet. The legislature
assembled on the 3rd of February, and the president
made a speech in which the political relations of Cen-
tral America were diseased at some length. It ap-
pears that San Salvador has been endeavouring to re-
construct the confederacy formerly existing between
it and Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nica-
ragua, under the name of Guatemala. The two first
were unwilling to reunite, the two last were willing,
after the arrangement was concluded of some minor
difficulties. San Salvador was getting on very well.
Its public debt was diminishing, its current expellees
were decreasing, and its ports and roads are much
improved.
We have advices from Havana to the Bth of
April. They amount to nothing. The only topic of
public interest was the conclusion of Lent, the occur-
rence of masked balls and the anticipation of concerts
by Madame Bishop.
By the arrival of the Royal mail steamer Trent in
this port on Sunday morning from the Bermudas, we
have dates from the islands to the 6th instant. A
number of American vessels on their way to Cali-
fornia had pat into St. George's for repairs, having
mot with heavy and disastrous gales on their Inve-
nt the dockyard were several British vessels,
itifr.Abbotsford, the Ivy Green, the (Mathes, and the
Magnet. The Ancona was repairing, and two col-
liers, the John Robinson and Mutual, were dis-
cng-
we have a late arrival from Yucatan by way of
Pensacola. The United States schooner Flirt arrived
there on the 4th inst. Her news is to the effect that
the Indian war continued, and since the discharge of
the American volunteers, who could get neither pay
nor ratios, it was feared that the places they had re-
would fall again into the hands of the
lanVed. It was expected that the whites would be
driven back en Laguna, Merida, and Campeachy,
and there be kept in a state of siege. Whenever the
Indians are captured they are now sold as slaves to
dealers in Cuba, at 25 dollars ahead, for a term of ap-
prenticeship fixed et ten years. In this way the
Yucatanese obtain money to awry on the war, and
get rid of their enemies as fast as they can catch them.
One or two cargoes have actually reached Havana.
Bryant, the poet, who is on a pleasure trip to
the Havana, writes that he has seen some
of this new kind of slaver. Tobasco was
still in a state of unrest. An attempt was
made a few days only before the Flirt sailed, by some
citizens and officers to get up a revolution, bat the
serjeants of the two regiments there had influence
enough to suppress the outbreak, and take the leaders
prisoner,. This affair occurred at the capital San
Jaen Benign'. At Laguna some business was doing
in logwood. Corn and lumber were in demand, and
are to be received duty free until August next.
There is nothing very new in our general or load
politics. Some important appointments have been
made in the New York Custom-house within the last
twelve hours, and more remain behind. I propose I.
allude to them in my next letter by the Hermann, asl
have not time to do so by this steamer.
The only thing which is of much import is the fact
that our new charge to Guatemala has instructions to
1 ok after the right of way acro,s the isthmus at Ni-
caragua, and to support the American agent in his
negotiations—who has gamest on private account to
purchase) the right of way. The Mosquito affair will
complicate this business a little, and I assure you that
if the right is granted, the American company wbo
undertake the construction of the proposed canal, will
be prepared to dig, or anything else that the Nica-
raguans may desire. Pleas* "make a note of it."

AND NAZ.4ITB:

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