The Express.
London, England, 1846-12-12 00:00:00

: • PARTS, Dia 9.
. ,
skirmiahitig hat la taken
LXIBAP.A., the Faris inurnal4 caused by the pro-
f szbith M, ,Guisot Las last sent to the lauds of
Bertinv St. Petersburg,and Vienna. fistae'affam, that
the Minister for Foreign Affairs declared his opinion
that France was no longer bound by the treaty of
1815 ; others insist that the protest is prudently
silent on this point. I had been led, from information
rdeemsd-exact, to share the first impression, but see-
ing the absolute reserve in which the Journal doe
Dibats has wrapped itself up, it being the journal most ;
interested in bringing forward every point likely to
add to the moral influence of the cabinet, I considered
it most probable that M. Guizot has not shown that
breadth of energy which has been attributed to him
by his partisans ; I therefore have taken pains to find
out the precise terms of the protest. It seems of a nature
such as to justify neither the praise nor the blame
which have been lavished upon it. M. Guizot starts
by considerations upon the policy which, decided u
atpoed
n
as it was in the last century, has now consumm
the partition of Poland. He proves that there was no
necessity for destroying the independence of Cracow,
the last symbol of Polish nationality ; he adds that
powers which violate treaties make them null for
others; and he concludes by the observation that it is
" singular that the country which has most suffered
from the treaties of 1815, should be that which de-
mands their maintenance." Thus, in the note of
M. Guizot, France gives it to be understood, that if
; the powers persist in annulling the independence of
I Cracow, she will consider herself as no longer bound
by the obligations imposed upon her by the treaties
.of 1815. But the note does not declare these
treaties to be actually annulled. Instead of
changing the situation, it only threatens to
do so. This menacing declaration would seem to
have been wrung from Louis Philippe, who already
repents of it, and is inclined to withdraw it, if it were
possible for him to do so. The court of the Tuileries
will never console itself for the loss of the good un-
derstanding between it and M. Metternich. As to
public opinion, that will not be satisfied. The indigna-
tion caused in France by this insolent act of the three
courts, is both deep and unanimous. Diplomacy would
make but vain efforts to preserve the treaties of
1815, which are virtually' abolished from the present
moment, and France will have no more to do with
them. The declarations which M. Guizot has been
unwilling to address to the three powers will be
wrung from him by the Chambers. The English
government may be persuaded of this ; and if
it attempted to oppose the consequences, which
Lord Palmerston had foreseen in his admirable
speech of July last, it would have to deal
not with such and such a minister, but with the
whole of France. It seems certain that M. Guizot
has renounced the idea of refortifying Huninge.
This would be a very insignificant act, but still it
would be an act. The friends of the ministry say
that, if government forbids itself such a demonstra-
tion, it has not in view the possible resistance of the
northern powers, but rather that of England. The
bitter tone of the notes exchanged between Lord
Palmerston and M. Guizot may have tended to give
credence to this opinion, which it would be very de-
sirous should not be disseminated. 0.

VIENNA, Dec. 7.

The news of the abolition of the customs line
between the kingdom of Poland and Russia will
doubtless be received in England with pleasure,
although to all appearance it does not bear directly
on our commercial relations with the Russian empire.
It is, however, an event of considerable importance,
as evincing the progress made in appreciating the
importance of unrestricted trade since the death of
Count Cancrin.
The late Minister of the Russian Finances had
the most narrow-minded views of trade. Not-
withstanding the constant depreciation of the
paper circulation of the State since the peace,
and although unquestionable symptoms were con-
stantly betraying how false the system was,
Cancun had always -influence enough to cause all
proposals for a relaxation of what were called the
protecting dues to be rejected. The Chinese were
some years back great consumers of Polish cloths,
which were exchanged at Kiachta for tea. The pro-
hibitive duties lately imposed on these wares left the
Russians almost without an article to barter.

GERNIANY.—VtENNA, DEc. I.—Lord Ponsonby,
the new English Ambassador at the Court of Austria, since
the notification made to him of the incorporation of Craeow,
has lived most retired, and appears nowhere. Ile is said to
have received, on the 29th, a note from Lord Palmerston
on this subject, which he immediately communicated to
Prince Metternich. The most recent accounts from Lemberg,
say those persons of the army who have been condemned
to hard labour in fortresses were removed to Kufsteits. AU
of them, thirteen in number, belong to the higher classes.
BERLIN, DEC. 2.—The German powers of the
second rank are said to be in part very unfavourable to the
incorporation of Cracow (with respect to Bavaria, the con-
duct of the Bavarian papers, the Augsburg Allgentiesie
Zcitung, indeed excepted, seems to confirm this conjecture.)
DEC. 3.—We understand that the superior autho-
rities are engaged on the means of regulating the relations
of the Catholic Evangelical and of the Jewish Dissenters.
Legal measures in this respect may be very shortly expected.
The municipal council of Berlin has resolved on
presenting different propositions at the coming Diet, among
which we may quote the following :—l. The abolition of
the law prescribing that no proposition of a provincial diet
can be submitted to the King without having previously ob-
tained two-thirds of the votes of the assembly. 2. The legal
recognition of the so-called German Catholics, with the en-
joyment of the same rights and privileges as other Christian
confessions. 3. Emancipation of the Jews, on the basis es
tahlishcd by the law of 11th March. 1812. and a general re-
vision of the laws and regulations concerning the Jews.
This last proposition was already made to the King by the
Diet of Brandeboarg during the last session, and his Majesty
replied that it should be taken into consideration in the next
discussions which would take place on the question of the
Jews. 4. The establishment of tribunals of commerce,
similar to those existing in the Rhenish provinces, where
the French code is still adhered to. 5. A new law on bank-
ruptcy. 6. The nomination of a minister of commerce and
industry.
MUNICH, Nov. 3.—lt has lately been announced
in several papers, that the intended notice of the termination
of the treaty of the 2nd March, 1841, between England and
the Zollverein states has been chiefly occasioned by a govern-
' meat of southern Germany. We can confirm, on the most
unquestionable authority, the accuracy of this view. The
preparatory measures are se far advanced, that the .7-
notice may be given within four weeks.
LETesfc, DEc. 3.—The principal merchants here
on the first information of the changes of Cracow made
representation to the government concerning the interests of
the trade of Saxony. The government had already taken
steps in conformity with these representations. The business
done with Cracow at our fairs has greatly diminished, and it
is probable that it will not exceed, in manufactured articles,
one million.
HANOVER.—The assembly of the States of Ha-
nover have presented an address to the king on the subject
of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, expressing their
gratitude at the activity displayed by the government in
seconding the resolutions of the German Diet.
A German journal relates the following short
time ago, M. Fraxiexoni, the professor of Italian, at the
University of Prague, announced that in future during his
lectures, all the Jewish students would be expected to occupy
the seat behind the Christian students, of whatever country.
Some of the young Jews resisted this order, and took their
seats promiscuously. The professor remonstrated, and most
of the Christianstudenta took part with him. The Jewslaid
• complaint before the director of studies, M. Zeitler, a pre-
late, who summoned a council of the professors, at which M.
Fraxiexoni demanded the expulsion of six of the Jews who
had been most active in their resistance to his order. M.
Zeitler, however, reprobated him severely for his intolerance.
and informed him that the council would not admit of such
distinctions. The dean of the University, who is also • pre-
late, said he coincided with Id. Zeitler, and M. Fraxiexoni
was compelled, on pain of dismissal, to retract the order he
had given."
A letter from Warsaw, of the 28th ult., says In
January next, the administrative council and administrative
authorities, which Poland had preserved as an independent
kingdum, will be suppressed. The " Code Napoleon," which
has been the law of the land since the creation of the duchy
of Warsaw, will, it is feared, be replaced by the Russian code.
DENMARK.—A letter from Schleswig says:
" The States of Jutland, which are still sitting at Viborg,
were only occupied, in the late sittings, with bills of local
interest. One bill alone was of general interest ; it related
to the total abolition of slavery in the Danish colonies in the
West Indies. The bill was rejected, but the assembly
adopted an amendment proposed by the Chancellor of Jus-
tice, M. Fonder, according to which the government was
requested to order an investigation into the situation of the
slaves in the West Indies, and to lay before the States its
views on emancipation, in case it should deem fit to demand
some sacrifices from the country which would enable the
measure to-be carried. The country is generally dissatisfied
with the deputies of the States, especially owing
to their lukewarm feelings as regarded the proposition of M.
Jespersen, relative to the demand of a constitution, and
which he was obliged to withdraw for want of support.
Among the bills in the order of the day, we may cite one on
postal reform, another for the diffusion of knowledge, the ame-
lioration of the condition of the teachers, andthe establishment
of schools of a higher class. It has been remarked that at
the present moment Denmark is not represented either

Vienna, Berlin or St. Petersburg. Thp awdkaseadors who '
occupiid those 'pm% ()twat' •de &lateen, 84,011 de Leeweu-
"rn, and Count de Reedtlaw-Altawhdf, mint ia their re-
stern, short time shwa.' clurlesp thel &mulleins on the
sue the duchies, which question they ;look upon id a
airman point of view.
The ordonnance of the King of Denmark, pro-
hibiting the New Hamburg Gazette into his States, and not
allowing the Danes to insert legal announcell ments ite appear
n it hal
proved a Mal blow to the journal, which wi cease
after the 31st inst.
SWEDEN.--Stociatoui, Nov. 28.—The Aften-
bltid corrects to-day tome part of the statements in the
accounts given by itself and other papers relative to the
eirewnstanoes of the attempt of Von Platen. It was not Col.
Dimon, but anartillery officer who wrested the first pistol out
of the hands of the madman. The king himself came just
at the time when the assassin was surrounded
andnced arresthatted
by the guard, and, as soon as his majesty was convi
no person was injured, he immediately, and without further
attending to the matter, returned to his apartment, leaving
the further investigation to the war department, and an
hour afterwards took an airing in a droschki. The king
had declined to receive several deputations, which the
eldersof the citizens, and some other corporations, intended to
send to him, because no personal danger had occurred to him
in the affair.
-------

THE 4' NORTES " OF THE MEXICAN
SEACOAST.
The northern gales of wind, called nortes which
so frequently and suddenly burst upon the sea'-coast of
Mexico (particularly in the months of November and De-
cember), should il
lations taken into the calculation of
chances in all specupon the blockade and probable
attack of the ports of Vera Cruz, Alverado, and Tampico.
The coming on of •• none is generally indicated
&nor
tba:dsbayppebareguwances.tw The
be
bYclbeeearkcee,:lidarunpk"whighhlteenripbc,luchefeetbeey
sweeps
of misty cloud,
commonly called " mare's tails," which have a wad
look. The air becomes dusky and cold, and more dusky and
more cold every hour. The night has more than its cus-
tomaryy of dew falling ; the morning, instead of its
r brilliancy and heat, is of a heavy, leaden grey, and
a chilling mist often comes driving. by on rapid wings, ob-
scuring the land, and even the intervening vessels, from
sight. Meantime the sea hu made its demonstration, and
shown its consciousnessof the approachingenemy of its habitual
brightness and serenity. The surface begins to heave, knd
gradually an under-swell causes it to roll to and fro, as if
doubtful of the extent or direction of the evil; but even-
tually rolling and sweeping onwards, before an impulse
which has not yet more openly displayed itself. The sky is
now broken up into masses of' dull reddish cloud, looking
like rough fragments of rock, or terracotta and red sand-
stens ; the sea-gulls soar off wildly towards the open sea ;
the white pelicans beat their way landwards for shelter; the
man-of-war bird, in the pride of his strength, rises
high up above the driving mist, preparing to take
his valiant course out into the dismal ocean; and all
the vessels which are not safely and strongly moored
under cover, and in deep-water harbour, slip their cables,
and scud out to sea. Not to do so, if in any situation at all
exposed, is almost certain shipwreck. It matters not that
von have a good anchor out, that you have two anchors out,
that you have three. If you persist in remaining in the
vain belief that they will hold you, the almost certain conse-
quence is wreck. I have seen theshore literally spotted with
black wrecks on the coast of Vera Cruz, and all happening in
one night. The anchorage, even under the lee of the Island
of Sactificios, is often unsafe ; nay, it has happened that small
vessels have been driven ashore even when holding
under the lee of the Castle of San Juan Ulloa
so that it was usually found requisite to be actually moored
to the iron rings in the castle alls in order to obtain perfect
security.
The signs and tokens of the coming of the norte, are
abruptly terminated by the rapid flight if • long black
shadow across the ocean. You see it flying onwards—it looks
darker—wider—it is here! It strikes the vessel's beamy
aide with a shock, and in an instant it is howling through the
masts and rigging. All the upper masts and yards
have been got down, and the top-masts struck —yet
bare as everything is aloft, there is yet left, unavoid-
ably, enough, for the wind to shake and toss and
scatter with its voice of thunder. If there has been
any delay in close reefing the mainsails, it is ten to one but
they are torn to pieces, and blown far away over the sea like
a mere light rag of a handkerchief. I have seen men, when
sent up thus tardily to reef or furl, who were pe.rfectly
unable to ascend, being literally flattened to the rigging by
the force of the wind. Through the whole vessel it howls,
and rushes howling on towards the shore. A traveller,
describing his first experience of a norte, only states
the bare fact, when he says, " The sea was ap-
parently levelled under its pressure ; and far and near
seemed like a carpet of driving snow, from the sleet
and foam which was raised and hurried along its surface."
Out at tea, the wind keeps up one unceasing roar, the vessel
is completely surrounded by a dense driving haze, and one
great swelling billow after another comes rolling onwards
towards you, as if to overwhelm the ship above her main-
mast; and it would, of course, do so,'and dashit all to pieces,
if it were to break as it neared.
Along the beach the sight is almost as exciting. The
wawa, in close and rapid succession, rush tier after tier in
furious ridges of foam, carrying with them wild flying
curtains and currents of vapour and mist. The towns on
the borders of the shore present a wretched and deserted
appearance at these times. fhe air is cold, with wind, dark,
and filled with vapour and flying sand. Nobody leaves
the house who is not absolutely compelled, and you may
often pass along several of the principal streets in succession
and meet nobody, unless, perhaps, a solitary Indian, closely
wrapped up in his blanket, or a negro slave, hurrying along
with a bale or burthen of some kind. While the norte lasts,
there is no communication between the shore and the ship-
ping ; for, however securely some of them may be sheltered
and moored, no boat can venture out to them, the danger
being very great, even when to reach them is not impossible.
The indications of the appoach of a norte are generally
such as have been described ; but frequently it comes far
more suddenly. A ripple from the northward runs along
the surface of the sea, and in less than half an hour there
is a hurricane. The duration of a none varies from four
and twenty hours, to a week, or more; and sometimes
there is so quick a succession of nortes, that a ship,
when within a few hours' sail of the wag, may be pre-
vented from approaching the port for several weeks ;
and, of course, an outward-bound vessel would be detained
as long. It is commonly considered that there is only one
wind, called la briar, with which you can safely approach
the coast immediately after a norte.
The most healthy seasons at these pestilential sea-ports are
during the season of nortes, as they carry off the noxious
vapours. There is no yellow fever at these periods.
Whit has been said of these hurricanes is with especial
reference to sailing vessels. Steam-vessels can, undoubtedly,
do much more, both in the rapidity of escape or in the
strength of contention, when the gale is not in
great force. Steam-vessels are, however, by no means
exempt from danger, or independent of difficulties at
these times. The steamer being so much more under
command than the sailing vessel, can venture through
the narrow rocky channel of Vera Cruz, or can approach
nearer to the Bar of Tampico; but it cannot land passen-
gers, nor can passengers embark from the shore. Still
less, therefore, can the steamer disembark troops for
an assault during these periods ; so that any
intention of suddenly taking a town by surprise might thus
be defeated. Nor would it be very safe during an interval
of calm to tow sailing ships of war close into the shore, since
aobody knows how rapidly a norte might call for the
steamer's immediate presence and instant activity to help her
unwieldy sister out of her perilous position. Good seaman-
ship, it is true, can arrange very well for all these chances ;
but good seamistship is apt to be very cautious.
official

gbe grout.
Yesterday morning Her Majesty and her Royal
Consort took their usual early walk.
H. R. H. the Duchess of Cambridge honoured the
performance at the Haymarket Thcatre.with her presence
yesterday evening.
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited her
Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester, yesterday, at
Gloucester House.

Messrs. Colvile and Cavan had an interview with
Berl Grey, yesterday, at the Colonial-office.
The Rev. It. B. Townsend, and the Rev. Charles
Caulfield ; also Mr. C. K. Murray, Mr. Wilberforce, and
Mr. Meadows White, bed interviews with Sir G. Grey,) yes-
terday, at the Home-office.
ADMIRAL OF THE RED THE RIGHT HON. LORD
ANELIT.IB BELUGLERK, G.C.8., G.C.H., died MI Thursday
last at his residence, Muchmore House, Hants. The gal-
lant deceased, when Captain of the Juno, beat off the French
frigate Jnnon, corvette, and brig, near the Hyeres Islands,
in 1794; was in Hotham's action, of March, 1795 ; was
Captain of the Dryad, and captured, in 1796, the French
frigate Proserpino; also was Captain of the Royal Oak, in
the Waicheren expedition. He entered the service in June,
1782,• was raade Lieutenant, September 21, 1790; Com-
mander, we have no date of ; Captain, September 16, 1793 ;
Rear-Admiral, August 1, 1811 ; Vice-Admiral, August 12,
1819; Admiral, July 22, 1830. The deceased was first and
principal naval aide-de-camp to the Queen.
THE PRINCE CONSORT'S PRIZES AT THE CATTLE
Snow.—Prince Albert is stated to have intimated his inten-
tion of presenting to the parochial authorities of New Wind-
sor and Clever, in whiSli plifshes Flemish Farm is situated,
the proceeds of the pries awarded to his Royal Highness
by the judges at the Smithfield Club Cattle Show, amount-
ing to 401. The money is to be laid out in coals at Christ-
mas, to be distributed amount the desering poor of Windsor
and Clever,
A LABOURER ON FLEMISH FARM.—tinder this
heading, we inserted on the 21st inst. a copy of a memo-
rial, which had been forwarded to Prince Albert, by a poor
man, named Richard Webling, past work, whose pension
from the Prince of ss. per week (which he had received for
two years previously) had been '
stopped by order of his
Royal Highness • the reason assigned being, that as the
parish& had made the Prince pay his rates, the parish, for the
future, must now keep their own poor. We learn that the
memorial has had its due weight in the proper quarter, and
that the old man, who is upwards of 72 years of age, is again
in receipt of his weekly stipend from the Prince. He has also
been paid 16s. 4d. being at the rate of 2s. 4d, per week) for
the seven weeks his pension was withheld.

From Last Night's Gazette.
WAR-OFFICE, Dec. 11.
lettikOd*.—Corporal-Major G. Andrew% to be adjt. (with the rank
of cor. and pub.-lieut.), rice Anderton, prom.
let Dr.q. Uda.—Lieut. J. r. reach to be cart., bypur., v. Sands, who