The Express.
London, England, 1846-11-12 00:00:00

exclwion of

limited to England and Wales, to the __
Ireland, Seotlazwl, and London itself. Considering
that most of the evils pointed out in one of the reports
on which the act is founded exist peculiarly, and in
their most intense forms, is the -metropolis, this ex-
clusion of London from the operation of the act is to
be lamented and altered. They recommended, there-
fore, that means be taken for bringing the Great
Babylon under the operation of the measure.
What would be thought of a physician who, in
dealing with a diseased organisation, were to over-
look the heart, when the presence of functional de-
rangement in it had been pointed out and remedies
'suggested ?
Again, the superintendence of the act is given not
to a distinct and peculiarly qualified board, but, of all
men, to the Secretary of State for the Home Depart-
ment. Now, as is well observed in the report :
Of all Ile fficers under the Crwn, or in ssy sisswrissaa st the
Odle sibs o
there Is peterso so seas !lor weep ammost of
whose thee there le se beweeet emilesembeembea_ gewarear ."most
morwhimpi erft brimet That be Amid be
algerf=ami e sew edged wisdegai orbs,
eised dellyntemvieThi lingua loeliod dug MY
ub wow task up= We tart leseeserlip be meletilibiri via die
s ingolry—which of hia graced claim eas be Mieweite yeeebled tor, or
whieb-le it mat to toniiiitt He le a tide miebter ef the Crown.
Can he give up his art Y the Cabbet, or woe le time the repose-
billy of its councils? B the the babe of • NOV• 1 tidy in Par-
liament Can he obrliW dee or isms the eliarsika at present
to tie • the nem pmt Be le the
:traa.,,A4..nwirendisrtr bad of He melnevdlles sad the
essiCy Oise ; of the and the moll=emillialrarrnses;
nem me et present be shrivel Vermentry
Otillerfir. 'ln a pew _reently owl Mire the Mattetiset Basietyt y
the Rev. Whitworth ism" meet the prim begeelore, blerhows.
that eibisegh the tarts spirt the pills seem are
yet that ermaul sad miss' dames vi ease am
and bersebs, rod that thie tre=
. HIM a youthful ormalaties lbw Spring be
he immut the and the scadad, this ebb of crimp so
t
emirlieberribb lb roethis *Awl ma be related He b
eiregeil sift the regulation ntrol of plume. la what moor-
ties et apt are the 111111.111110 SO emegletc that he eria hope
for an assures from the primes beembee that be need give blmedf
na further atemes on thb NEW, t Hob the peeteetar of the children
and yerse‘ perms emploped end tbe ibis of thebetury
impestate me soder his emebeerames De the mennbotnnes or
de He hemp Impectoraiarmbiat Het the gitylmt theobrearbmel,
amigo emealesif ccmittion
wd
ag the asdpmeg
is so irk* oblehetory that be liegesseon of the Poor
web all about
Mon? Be his Wen WM limeelt the segembk
I.4lW.alwd hos Weeillwally soled Ihrtimas dams past as the ultimmeyedge
al an this dosidlial and-dlowled meet that wire oat of it. Doei not
edielediee Wein la ilks public each perfect oonfidasee the
simisse dam el sigma ta ell► the counties so sesaardeirmalsg;
awl la eye euedeme inriziellitand labourers in me good
caries 121091.& SO IS it potable that no comm
cator be tegebeglietemsbletamithe Poor Law Commissioners?
Hel. cher= will *WM, ed mawristeDdleg the affKin of lrcland,
and the pis Mew *it he dom greedielly give attention to them.
Are those saleslady soon to be to so sist and wife • state as to need
no farther ems on the pert of a chief of the Crown ? Hein a
Judge dapped is the last resort in all ewes in which the mercy of the
C'OUS 00
01012. and ft is his duty to swamis In every instal:we
whether that mew ought to to eamulvd- Is the state of the businew
ts lds cake seeloms mss port of it which must always neonsairily
coma soder he era penilind and special Is each, ea to
allow him to Wag to the perihrmance of this solemn duty • mind
unembarrassed. saki, eagelle of patient deliberation, and of arriving,
through °outlasting at a coneliction in conformity with truth
and justice, and bur with legal decisions
Here are two formidable objections to the Bill,
which present themselves at the threshold. There
are others, not so serious, only because not so funda-
mental, which yet remain to be disposed of.

THE high prices of corn, and the slight re-action
which has taken place, are both due to temporary
causes. The high range in the price of live-
stock is, on the contrary, occasioned by the
general feeling amongst farmers, that to an increase
of stock-keeping they must look fur permanent re-
muneration. There is nothing which requires
steady and long-continued attention more than the
improvement of stock ; the outlay of capital, too,
must be considerable; and success in this direction
can scarcely be expected without complete security of

tenure.
It is to this point that we would especially
call the attention of all persons connected with
land, especially the tenant farmers. Upon the farmers
rests the burden of working out their own security.
Landowners have been accustomed to a kind of semi-
feudal deference from tenants, which is quite incon-
sistent with the position an enterprising farmer should
occupy. " Mutual confidence," " kindly feeling,"
" considerate liberality, " and other terms of
equally vague import, have been used by the
owners of land in reference to the relations be-
tween themselves and their tenants; and hitherto
the demand of a lease by a tenant has been deemed
an offence towards the landlord, too deep to be easily
forgotten or forgiven. Siam puerilities are however
drawing to a close. The teachings of the Free Tra-
ders, and the counter-agitation of the protectionist
landowners, who have loudly called upon the farmers
to act for themselves, have unquestionably aroused
the farming body to examine their own position.
The agricultural mind has been set a-thinking ; and
its cogitations have not contributed to contentment
with the present state of the affairs of husbandry, or
the actual condition of husbandmen. The result is
much activity and some restlessness among farmers.
It will be well that such feelings should be directed
to business-like ends. It is of no use for a farmer to
drain and to improve, to buy high-priced stock, and
expend large sums in artificial manures, upon a farm
which he and his forefathers may have held for a cen-
tury, unless he first gets the security of a lease. We
shall presently show that no tenant-right, which has
been proposed as the substitute for a lease, can be
properly accepted as such by any prudent farmer.
A striking instance of the case with which
landowners snap the ties of hereditary tenant-
ship, when they interfere with their own love
of domination, is offered by the conduct of the
Duke of BELUFORT towards certain of his Mon-
mouthshire tenantry. The reader will prob thly
recollect the pathos with which the Duke, during the
debate in the House of Lords on the late Corn-
law Bill, described its untcipatcd effects upon his
Monmouthshire tenants. They and their forefathers
were described by his Grace as having occupied their
farms fur 130 or '2OO years; and his heart seemed to
bleed, while his tongue, in accents of unwonted
eloquence, told of the inexorable necessity by which,
under a free trade in corn, they would be compelled
to abandon their holdings. Possibly the house under-
stood the real value of this touch of the pathetic too
well, to be much influenced by it; but certainly the
public did not r xpect to find the Duke of BEAUFORT
disregarding al; his own assertions, forgetting the
feudal ties of two centuries, and turning these very
tenants out of their farms, for canvassing in support
of his own brother, Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET,
as a member of the government which proposed and
can•ied the measures asserted to be so ruinous to
the Duke's tenants. Yet such is the fact. Pro-
bably these tenants have improved their farms;
for it is a rule, almost without exception,
that the farmer who exhibits political activity and in-
dependence is a man of comparative skill and enter-
prise. But what of that ? The Duke found that the
change in the law, from which he predicted their
ruin, had not accomplished it ; and he therefore realised
his own prediction by his own act.
The truth is thatthe ruin anticipated by such landlords
as the Duke of BEAL-FORT, was that of their own sini-
ster influence; and the tenants' interest was made the
stalking-horse for advancing the landlords' political ob-
jects. but all landlords are not of this class; and accord-
ingly we find a growing opinion amongst them, that
tenants must have greater security for reaping where
they have sown, than has heretofore been usual. Still
there is a reluctance to grant leases ; and all sugges-
tions of substitutes find favour wherever landlord in-
fluence pre rails. Thus land agents are very generally
suggesting certain allowances for " unexhausted im-
provements," should tenants have notice from their
landlords to quit their farms; and papers of the same
kind are welcomed in the journal of the Royal Agricul-
tural Society, where once any reference to the relation
of landlord and tenant was regarded with prudish
horror. A brief reference to the details of some of
these substitutes for leases is necessary, in order to
show their utter inefficiency for the farmer's protec-
tion.
Lincolnshire is the county in which most im-
provement has taken place without the security of
leases ; and the " tenant's right to unexhausted im-
pmvements" on Lord YeanottouGu's property, is one
of the best specimens of this makeshift we can select.
This is fully detailed by hie lordship's agent in a
paper in the sixth volume of the society's journal.