The Express.
London, England, 1853-10-13 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 13, 1853.

Peel—something Monte admirable *ea tba imasanse in-
tellectual endow's) Ants with which it had pleased the Al-
mighty to gift tam—send that was his sense of public virtue
—IS WAS his pe.rlty of conscience—it was his determination
th fu;low the public gonet—it was that disposition in him,
which, when he had to choose between persmal ease and
enjoyment, or again, on the other hand, between polities'.
power and distinction—whets he had to choose between
either of these blessings, either of these advantages, end
what 'cc knew to be the welfare of the notion, his choice
was made at once; and when his choice WY ones
m ode, no man ever saw him hesitate—no man ever
saw him hold back from that which was necessary
to give it effect. (Cheers.) Mr. Mayor, I heartily
rejoice that, in erecting to his memory this great
end worthy monument, you have chose■ for it a site
which is most in harmony with the histories it is intended
to commemorate, and with the ideas which it is calculated
to awaken. You have not placed it in seine gilded halls
where it might have been the admiration of some councils-
seur in art, or might have bees visited by the wealthy and
the luxurious classes; but you have chosen for him the place
where he would have wished to be, in the face of day, in
the greatest thoroughfare of this mighty city, in the heart
and centre of the commerce of England, where thousands
and tens of thousands will from day to-day pass by the place
where he stands, and have presented to their eyes and to
their minds a spectacle which can awaken in them no seas
timent except one of public virtue and of grateful recollec-
tion. Ant, Mr. Mayor, it is the last word which I will
address to you when l say the,—may Ood grant that many
of those who shall traverse this crowded thoroughfare, as
they eye the work which has been this day delivered
ever to your custody, that they may have awakened
within their breasts the noble and honourable desire to
tread, each fur himself, in his own sphere, be it wide or
be it narrow, the path of duty and of virtue ; and in dis-
charging those functions which appertain to sae as citizen).
—to discharge them in the spirit of that great man—the
spirit and the determination t. allow no difficulty, no
obstacle to stand between him and the performance of his
duty;—relying upon it that duty is this country is the road
to fame—tbat if public men do not rap their reward, ea in
barbarous times they may hate sought it, from immense
and extensive possessions, measured upon the surface of
the earth, they reap it in a farm far more precious, when,
like Sir Robert Peel, they Is,queath • name which is the
property not only of their family—nut only of their own
descendants, but of every man who calls himself an
Englishman—a part of our common wealth—something
that helps to endear us to our common country—something
that makes us feel that England is indeed a country that it
is a blessing to belong to—a country that has a great and
beneficial part to play in the designs of Providence for
the improvement and advancement of mankind. (Loud
cheers.)
Three hearty cheers were given for the Queen, for Mr.

country a consistency and stability which have been hitherto
unknown.
" We find within your scheme the principle of commercial
freedom, fully recognised, and largely extended, and in the
abolition of the duty on soap, the most important tax re-
maining upon any article of nueessary consumption, erased
from the statute book.
"Therein was embodied, and almost without opposition I
passed—in the imposition of the tax on successions—a
measure which, whilst its justice has been long admitted,
no statesman of recent date has ventured to bring forward,
and which the great finsucier who originated the system of
legacy duties, failed in the attempt to carry.
" And therein was also included, and as the result of a
statement, which, for its excellence, is perhaps unparalleled
in the aueals of parliament, with little opposition, *sec-
tioned, the renewal and extension of the income tax, which
all feel to be unequal and oppressive in its operation, but
under the circamotances unavoidable, with, however, for
I the first time, a char and distinct understanding, that at
the expiration of the renewed term, such tax ought to dil-
lappear.
"As the representatives of a community which is pecu-
liarly interested in the progress of commercial freedom, we
tender to you our acknowledgments for your important
and successful efforts to carry out fully the great principles
of free-trade, and the expression of our earnest hope, that
you may be long spared to devote your talents to the
service of your country, and to witness as the result of that
policy which you have most ably advJeated the continued
and increasing prosperity of all classes in this country—re-
, warded by consciousness, that to the accomplishment of
these vast and beneficial results your services have largely
, contributed."
Various poin'a in the address were most loudly cheered.
' The hl•eou added a few words; expressing the hope that
• Mr. Gladstone might long live to promote the welfare and
happiness of his country. He then presented the address,
amidst loud and reiterated cheering.
Mr. THOMAS BAZLET, President of the Chamber of Com-
merce, then presented the address from that body ; and
Mr. J. A. TuttNen that from the Commercial Association,
the tenour of both of which was ►imilar to thst of the fore-
going one.
Mr. GhancTown, who was received with loud applause,
then rose, and spoke as Collett s :—Mr. Mayor and Gentle-
' men,—l may truly say—at least I ant certain that no man
ever had more cause to say—that it is to me a matter of
hopeless ditfizulty to convey to your minds the mixed and
strong emotions which I feel to-day. I come, Mr. Mayor,
to Manchester, draws hither by the strong interest that
attaches to this remarkable community—to this community,
which has, perhaps, accumulated greater wealth than any
commercial or manufacturing emporium known in history,
certainly than any provincial emporium known in the his-
tory of the world ; but with respect to which, its accumu-
. lotion of wealth is, I will venture to say, less remarkable

Marshall, for Str John Potter, and for the Mayor ; and the
members ot the corporation and of the committee then re-
turned in procession to the Town•hall. The Lord Bishop,
Mr. Gladstone, and other gentlemen, with Mrs. Gladstone
and the other ladies whit had been present, had previously
left the ground in private carriages.
PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES.
The second great division of to-day's proceedings has beam
the presentation of three addresses of welcome to the Chan.
eellor of the Exchequer from the mayor and eorporatioa el
the city, from the Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures,
and from the Commercial Association. These presentatiose
Wok place in the large room of the Town-hall, on a platform
placed at the end of the hallow:I the council chamber,under
Me presidency of Robert Barnes, Esq., our worthy mayor.
The parties on the platform consisted of the movers sad
seconders of the resolutions and address in the council meet.
jog, and ► few other members of the council ; the president
wad vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce, and a
select few of the directors; the president eat vice-president
of the Commercial Association, and some of their directors.
The remainder of the members of the city council, and of
the directors and members of the two commercial bodiea,were
mated in the body of the hall. The room, which is somewhat
too small fur such occasions, is 70 feet in length by 34 feet
wide. It has just been cleaned, repainted, and decorated in
a very pleasing style: good old. fashioned Are-grates replace
the hot-air apparatus, which too often was only a fuliginous
contrivance for stifling every one with smoke ; the se-called
frescoes have disappeared from the wall and dome; and the
colours of the walls, the vaulted ceiling, and the dome, being
much warmer than before, the room is greatly improved
in general character and appearance. Besides the two
pendant gas chandeliers, of 24 lights eac►, there are six
branch lights from the window frames, and four on the aide

than its advanced intelligence, aid the prominent part
which that intelligence has enabled Manchester to bear in
influencing, particularly during recent years, the for-
tunes and the de,tinies of this country. (Hear, hear )
No man can visit this city without being more than rewarded
by what he sees and what he hears. Mr. Turner, who has
just addressed you, has kindly reminded me that I am not
without local ties—ties which are, and ever will be, dear to
me, and give me especial interest and especial attachment
to this part of the country. (Hear, hear.) I have wit-
nessed the wonders cf your industry—its marvellous or-
ganisation, the mode in which it husbands, and by hus-
banding multiplies, every resource that is applicable to
trade and to art; and I have seen, sir, moving onwards
in this town, the true representation of those united
figures which you have seen today at the base of the
pedestal of Sir Robert Peel. I have seen art, not govern-
ing only, but beautifying the productions of commerce, and
I trust that this great queen, as she may be called,
of productive industry, will more and more cherish the
union between those two members and powers—well
aware, in the first place, that beauty also is a principle of
commercial strength, efficacy, and success—and that like-
wise, over and above its commercial effects, it has a power
to refine and to elevate the mind of man—the mind not
only of those whom we term the educated clasyi, but the
whole mind, the whale feeling of the community. (Hear,
hear.) Well, sir, to witness all this is reward enough for
one who visits Manchester ; but I have found myself un-
expectedly among you at a moment of the deepest interest,
when you have been proceeding to complete the noble tri-
bute that has been paid to-day to the memory of the illus-
trious dead. You have kindly made use of that occasion,
and have employed it for the purpose of expressing the sen-
timents you are pleased to entertain respecting one among
the living. And, sir, if I could be sensible at this moment

test thefire-places ; all these have been richly gilded, and
add to the appearance of the room. The pictures have
been cleaned ; they are fall-length portraits ; and oar
distant readers may like to know that over the platform
is that of Joseph Brotherton, Esq., M.P. At the other
end of the room is that of Mack Philips, En., the first
member for Manchester in the reformed parliament; and
on the walls are them of the three first mayors of Maa-
cheater, that of the late Sir Thomas Potter, our first

of a deduction, of a drawback upon the feeling of pro-
found gratification with which you have filled my breast,
it would be in the recollection how poor are the merits
and how limited the services of him who stands before
you in comparison with the immortal services and with
the merits scarcely to be estimated of him whose name
has been placed in junta-position with mine—pleasing in-
deed and flattering to me, but less, far less, than the me-
' descry'. a.

mayor, being placed between those of Mr. Alderman Neild,
second, and Mr. Kershaw, M.P. (Stockport), third mayor.
When the room wes well filled with the corporate aad mer-
cantile bodies we have named, it had a very cheerful and
animated appearance, and at length may be said to be
worthy of the corporation and the city.

defeats upon secondary questions, than the government of
my Lord Aberdeen. These defeats were manifestations of
the freedom of judgment that prevails in the House of Com-
mons. (Hear, hear.) I deeply lamented them ; I sometimes
was nettled by them. (Laughter.) Endeavouring to defend
taxes which it ea, impossible to part with—(laughter)—un-
doubtedly I was not well pleased when I found, from the an-
nouncement of the numbers from the chair, that the rela-
tive forces were not exactly as I could have wished them
to be. (Laughter.) But it is certainly a remarkable con-
currence, that along with these manifestations of freedom of
individaal sentiment, and the absence of close party organi-
sation in the House of Commons, we have had a session
of parliament that I believe has been surpassed by few
for the amount of real public work and busineu that it
has seen transacted, and during the coarse of which many
measures of the greatest weight and importance have been
passed into law. (Applause.) So much for that disregard
of party considerations with respect to which you have ex-
pressed opinions that are in thorough accordance wi'h my
own; and may I say one word more upon the subject of
party connexions? It is this: lam quite sure that no man
can have watched the parliamentary history of the country
within the walls of the House of Commons, during the
twenty years since the passing of the Reform Bill, and can
have failed to i.e that in that period differences have been
I softened, opinions have approximated, men of different
political creeds have learned to think more kindly and
more charitably of one another; the space which divided
this side of the how* front that side of the house is narrower
than it was; and if I am naked for the cause, I should
say it was due in great part to the eminent public virtue
of Sir Robert Peel, of that man who, though he was the
head and chili of a party, and knew how to value its
confidence, yet, when public duty called him, did not
hesitate to lay upon the altar of hie country every
advantage, every satisfaction which that position con-
ferred. and to follow the straight path of public duty, look-
ing neither to the right nor to the lett. (Applause) I
think it is a cause of peculiar pleasure, and of great thank-
fulness to Providence, that during the period when we have
I seen Europe making, I ens sorry to say, little progress, per-
haps actually receding, in the work of political organisation,
and in respect to the harmony of the classes—in England we
have seen this mitigation of differences taking place, and
along with it we have seen great progress in works of useful
legislation, and so:instant confirmation and increase, among
the miscues of the community, of respect for the laws, sad
attachment to the throne and institutions of the country.
Well, gentlemen, you have hi en pleased—l speck now of
the address of the cerporation, which I know well represents
the sentiments of the inhabitants of Manchester—you have
been pleased to express your confidence that the govern.
Mont now in charge of public affoirs will endeavour to give
Weft to such measures as shall most conduce to the honour
a the erown and the benefit of the whole community. I
who joseuliarly, and I am quite sure that every other mem-
ber st the cabinet would value as l do, this espressicia of
your feelings. I am sure that Idu not altogether miner
striae this reference to the honour of the crown when I In-
terpret it with reference to that question in which at the pre-
sent moment the honour of the crown, as well as other great
Interests, are deeply involved—(applause)—by that question
of peace and war which holds the mind of Europe in agita-
tion and suspense, from one extremity of it to the other.
If, gentlemen, it is your pensuion that the honour of the
crown is safe in the hands of her Majesty's advisee, I am
quite sure no testimony can be conveyed to them more gra-
tifying to their feelings, and I am quite sure no testi-
- would

It was twenty minutes after one o'clock, when the mayor,
accompanied by the Right lion. W. E Gladstone, Mn.
Gladstone, and other ladies, and all the gentlemen who were
to take part in the presentation of the addressee, came upon
the platform, and were received with enthusiastic cheers
from a too-clotely packed and crowded room.

mory of that great man (Cheep.) Jr. Mayor,
as represtothig the corporation ; Mr. Baxley and Mr. Aspi-
nail Tamer, as connected with those distinguished associa-
tions that have in thenni Ives expressed no small portion of
the mind and influence of Manchester with regard to public
affairs—l tender to you my sincerest and my profoundest
thanks fur the part which you have borne, and which those

The Mayon expressed, on behalf of the aflporation, to
Mr. Gladstone, the most cordial welcome to this city, to the
inhabitants of which he was endeared by his private worth
and character, end their gratitude for his great public
services. Manchester had been especially benefited by
the acquisition of commercial freedom, whose consistent
advocate he had been. Re had dons much to perfect and
complete what Sir Robert Peel had begun. The corpora.
Lion availed themselves of this opportunity to thank the
right honourable gentleman for his great public services
Though the council included men of every shade of politi-
cal °pages and eantinisnt, the address he was about to
present was passed unanimously, and he believed expressed
the feelings not only of the corporation, but of the whole Of
the citizens and inhabitants of Manchester. (Cheers.)

whom you represent have borne, in presentmg to me these
addresses; and although I feel that you have greatly over-
valued what is due—Ceries of "No, no")—if indeed any.
thing be due, whether to my personal character or public
acts; yet, not on that account will the sense of gratitude be
ineffaceable which you have impressed upon ms—l trust

The Towx-CLial then read the following address, which
was beautifully engrossed on vellum, mounted on a roller
and backed with purple velvet, with pendant gold tassels,
as. :

to be effaced: (Hear.) But, air, I have done with
personal considerations ; for, after all, 1 know well that the
highly-coloured tone of your feelings, while it testifies to
the indulgent judgment you peas upon the efforts and
intentions of public men, is to be interpreted mainly
as an espresaion of your adherence to certain principles of
public policy, which principles you feel to be vital to the
welfare of the country. (lieu, hear.) And therefore, what
I ea eider with whom I have the honour to be associated at
this moment in the public service, I blush less than I
should otherwise have done at receiving the tribute of year
approval and regard. You have paid, air, in t►e address of
the corporation to my colleagues in the government, a to►
Simony of which I may venture to say that I hope they ass
mot altogether undeserving. (Applause•) It is, I trust,
•• united by honourable motives ; it is

true that they were . _.--......v.t. IZIOUVti ; 1..
naquestionably true that they stead associated in odic, in
disregard of former party distinctions. (Rear.) Let me
say as I go on that I cannot but attach a peculiar Talus to
which these addresses have been

many could reach than which more contribute to
strengthen their hands in the discharge of public duty, and
in besting that conspicuous part which must belling to Eng-
land in the consideration of every great European question.
It was perhaps to be expected that the delays and vexations
incident to protracted negotiation should lead to some sen•
timents and emotions in some portions of the community ;
it was undoubtedly ton expected in this free country that
•he measures and motives of government, especially while
they are covered in some degree by the necessary reserve,
should not from every man receive a like favourable construc-
tion. It was to be expected that the general stn. iment, that in
the present relations between Russia and Turkey there had
been overbearing aggressions on the part of the former power
should lead to some—with eager minds especially—should
lead to some anxiety for marked and positive demonstra-
tions on the part of England against that aggression ; but,
gentlemen, I will venture to say that her Majesty's govern-
ment don't feel in the least degree disposed to shrink from
any portion of the responsibility which they have assumed in
making every effort—or hoping, I would may, if it were
cecessery, against hope and beyond hope, but happily it is
not necessary—in hoping to the utmost that they might be
enabled to achieve the avoidance of that frightful calamity,
a general war. (Applause.) No doubt the blood of Eng-
lishmen is up when they see oppression or aggression going
on ; no doubt the contest of stronger wish weaker appeals
to those feelings which we feel to be eminently national ;
no doubt, the lapse. and consumption of time without ap-
parent result is trying to the patience of the community;
but, Mr. Mayor, let me venters to say this : that the true,
the truest measure of the real greatness of a people lies in
its power of self-command and self-restrsint. The self-
command and self- "nt, whether in nations or indivi-
duals, are always liable to be mistaken for, and are also
certain to be charged am, indifference, as feebleness, or as
cowardice. We know, I trust, the difference—we know
that that dignified patience, and that 'ease of duty as men
and as Christians, which makes us value peace, does not
means want of readiness to vindicate, when the times comes,
the honour of this country. (Hear.) What do we mean when
we speak of a general war ? There is a certain glare of
glory about the operation of war, which appeals to some
of the elements of human - and makes us too little

_ nature,
mindful of the fearful accompaniments which it entails.
(Hear, hear.) When we speak of general war, we don't
mean real progress in the road of freedom, the real
moral and social advancement of man, achieved by fortis.
This may be the intention, but how rarely is it the result,
of general war. (liter, hear.) We mean this: That the
lace of nature is stained with human gore—we mean that
bread is taken out of the month of the people—we mean
that taxation is increased and industry diminished ; we
know that it means that burdens unreasonable and untold
entailed on late - know that it meant

are . posterity—we
that t...—.eansation is let loose—that families are broken
up—that lusts become unbridled in every country to
which that war is extended. (Applause.) And now, if
that be a true description, then it is also true that it
is the absolute duty of a government to exercise for them-
selves that self-command which they recommend to others,
and to labour to the - - utmost for the adoption of any
and ev- available • for averting such a frightful
I could h.-

6 very t.
-4 every at— expedient . _
lemur. (Applause.) Gentlemen, lam certain 1.. have
anticipated it before, but at this moment I have no doubt,
after the manifestation you have given, that these are the
sentiments which animate the peaceful community of Great
Britain. (Cheer.) Thoee who are associated together in the
works of industry and enterprise, than who, as practical
men, come into close relation and class observation with

the working of a public policy,—these who know the dan-
gers we are enooantering,—know the difficulties we have to
most, and by their confidence we shall be supported. (Rear,
Mar. ) It has been announced in parliament more than
nam by different members of government, that her Ma-
advisers are well aware of their duty to maintain that
iireX is called, and which may truly be called, the inte-
grity and independence of the Ottoman empire. (Rear,
Mar.) That I know very well; but in speaking of the
integrity and independence of the Ottoman Empire, we do
not me those terms in the same sense as we should speak
K the integrity and independence of England and
Pannos—(No)—because we know that the indepen-
imos of the Ottoman Empire describes a sovereignty
full of anomaly, full of misery and full of difficulty—
• sovereignty whose affairs for five yam to five wean, and
ever since we were born has commonly bees subject to Eu-
ropean discussion and interference. (Hear, hear.) What I
mean is that we do not intend to settle this important mat-
. _

ter upon the deep questions which mar develop themselves
out of the penliar internal organisation of the Ottoman
Rasping ; for so far u near& the domination of the Sultan
we an presented with the political solecism of the Mahoms•
faith • • what ^•v he called • but

--
"To the Right Hon. Win. Ewart Gladstone, M.P., Chan- the unanimous vote by - --- den faith exercising . ~at may be a despotism, ..
adopted. (Hear, hear.) Free discussion, perfect liberty to which I will only call a domination, a .Iveritigaty—over 12
cello of the Exchequer, bc.
man to announce his conscientious opinions, is a die- millions enterfellow-Christians. (Hear, hoer.) We don't
" We, the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of the city ""Y
tinguishing mark, and constitutes no small part of, the
of Manchester, in council assembled, gladly avail ourselves of things; but that there is a necessity for regulating the
of the opportunity afforded of bidding you welcome on the strength and the glory of the country. (Hear.) But the distribution of power in Europe where there is a certain
consequence of that free discussion necessarily is a free absorption of power by one of the great poten-
occasion of your visit to the capital of the manufacturing
districts, and of assuring you, on behalf of the vast papule- development of differences of opinion, conscientiously en- tates,BmwhiireM
wwhoisoillidwoofolllo7.
dangerous e fall
to
the
the Otto-
tertained—(hear)—and the effect of the development snare
tion whom we represent, of the high estimation in which the world, it is the duty of England, arwhateveerpecost, wee %
of which upon men's opinions is surely to enhanos
you are held for your exemplary prints worth and else set itself against such •• result. (Great cheering.). Now
the value of that concurrence without exception which that principle has been recognised in all the discussions on
rector, and of the gratitude felt for the t public see- the
have been so kind ea to announce to me to-day. which all the measures that connect themselves with this
vices which you have rendered to your country.
Now, Mr. Mayor, I think it is thus, first, that those who ars great Eastern question now depend. (Applause.) Having
"We refer with feelings of admiration to your generous made. that reeignition, and having laid down the principle
arsociated in the government, so associated, as you have
end disinterested efforts is the cause of suffering humanity,kat it is not right that there should be an abeorpuou of
truly 1 in dimegard of party consideration. Ido not be- tpower, and that, in the event of that taking plan, it is the
at a time when you were seeking repose, and travelling in - sal . . - . •
lien that the principle of party is extinguished in this duty of the government to set themselves against it, I may
search of renewed health, whin you publicly and in -
enntry. The machinery of government almost requires some express a trust that so long as a rational hope can be map
newly denounced the persecutions with which you became• mined, that we shall have a maintenance of peace. (Hear.)
kind of organisation. It is hardly possible that we can
acquainted, and by the eloquence of your pen, and the in Now, 3dr. Mayor, that is what the government have really
hope that the nature of man is, at all events as yet, BO done. There. has group up in Europe of late years a pria-
Mance deservedly attaching to your name and character,
hanged that we could dispense '
altogether with the sem- mple to combine these great powers by the settlement of dif-
endeavoured, in the face of Europe, te compel a reeogni- .
mations of party ; and moreover, lam bound to say that fertilises arising in particular parts. (Hear.) Manybenevelent
lion of the great principles of civil liberty and the rights of
the associations of party, although great evils may attend Penns have been desirous of bringing about a 'Memo( in-
sonscience. ternational negotiation in the event of war. (Hear.) But it is
them, yet have likewise materially contributed, and caps
oanotoopottiorftunizi,ol7 which Ilehinrk we may observe, riot will::
"Itis a gratification to see amongst us so distinguished a daily of recent years, to maintain a high standard of ho-
member of the Cabinet which now watches over the affairs pour among public men—(bear)—and to subject them to idly been made, and exemplified rewithinreggelasteetwecent;
of this empire, and which is happily formed of the most the operation of those motives which are the best security years in the history of Europe, towards the substitution of
able and experienced statesmen of the age, who, with a arbitration for war. (Hear, hear.) The miseries of wet
to you for the discharge of their public duty. (Hear.) Yet
patriotic disregard of party considerations, are, as we betetweenoollt eltuonfi and Holland were sayst by the intfrven-
I feel true gratiAcation in stating that I believe that therey Noton of tai
lieve, united together for the purpose of carrying out rahthe
greatmachinery, powersis :. by a e.
machinery (Hear.)
et letter
never has been a government in the history of this country, by a perfect
measures as shall condaoe to the honour of the crown and during recent years, which has stood less upon the prin. than no machinery at all ; hat bute
influence of the grea
t
the benefit of the whole community. ciple of party connexion, and more upon the general sup- powers was used for the purpose of bringing to a tenpins-
"As one of else most powerful and successful advocates of Port and confidence of the public, than the government tion the divisions and civil war which afflicted Spain. In
those great principles of commercial freedom which will be ;L whir I dheolieeilitheyee itrante,ursetthenghea:demeetut its (Ap-
pon cotheercriaLezrhi° Trier," Litsithlue htfieoefnetehehMtoheen
for ever identified with the name of Sir Robert Peel, we which various opinions might prevail, I de, I umay, dominions themselves, in the year 1840 a war between the
are glad to welcome you at the time when the first public believe, that credit was given to mend the public character niche of Egypt and the Sultan was brought to a termini-
monument in this city—erected by the contributions of of my Lord Aberdeen, and my Lord John Russell, at the tion by the and agency of the great European
thousands of our fellow citizens—is inaugurated to the me- time when they joined hands in December last, to carz on powers, the kingdom of Greece, which one day we may
dully
observedam sur the sans
be
h'onveotOursz,ooronoufo eldest:e affairs mayof see,il playing perhaps an
mory of that able and distinguished statesman with whom the
bo shmoutnry of
se thewbeeoTatrie.minAt
you were long associated n dike, sad who largely profited of that publie business in the House of Commons, when I was itself relieved from the desolating scourges of war by
by your so-operation and mappert state it as an anquestioned fact, that the bond of party a similar action on the part of the great powers of Bumps.
"We offer to you our grateful acknowledgments for the ititnenyexionotiun
itiolloeuhauzehosam
you
übteen wooeaketrhothanoontioroinz
onWyell,rontoow;hoituuls ae grooetovbeletinit that so
quite
at
ear
simprehtmein and smokiest inamial scheme which, of parliament and the approval of the yeouriiry has enabled that these are cases in which ttee getesione of
Auk, the last session, was introduced by you to the the government to carry into law all its most important human blood has either been prevented, or at all
Beene of Commons, with en olognesee of statement and and vital proposals, with greater rapidity and effect events its continuance has been shortened, by positive in-
egagirsies ieleffiseme, and a clearness sad force of maiming than have been usual upon ordinary occasions. (Applause.) tervention,:.fr and hby intervention altogether to be distin-
c I
*Yob excited universal admiration, and rendered opposi I conls dye r say
it,a perhaps,—and
con f odon't
n thtteuht you
doubtwili Litichhedwonefittl tinvetolverieuestpilne particular efutaleeZtrree lsi n Zee: n del:
Iles htile, and which, so the natural and mealearY re- whether there has been a government for many is not the intervention of one officious state uadertlnge
suit, was triumphantly carried through both houses Of the years that hes sustained a stainer number of defeat' upon to settle all the affairs of its neighbours—it is in the main,
legislature. divisions of secondary importance, I speak in the in the intervention or agency of states who, in the combined
, presence of the member for Belford, of the member for affairs of Europe, have a right to say to Europe—with moms-
"By the avowal of the soostaltee and tomatmlitto° '" South Laumhire, and other gentlemen who can correct me thin at any rate, like authority, to say to amen
tuition. you bare given to the Bahl arrangements of this lifl am wroor-who has sustained a greater cumber of sod portions of Europa, "You shall not p adios the moral

peace, and you shall not bring us all--set us all by the etas
on account of your litee petty local interests;" and to recom-
mend to them arrangements which, upon the whole, it has
been found for the interest and compatible with the satis-
faction of parties to embrace. Well, now, the way of peace
and negotiation is undoubtedly devoid of that romantic inte-
rest which attaches to heroic achievemente in war. I fully
admit it is incident ; it is beset and clogged with delays and
intrigue and chicane. (Hear, hear.) Thftt is quite true, but
if the result is the saving et the effusion of human blood,
and the averting that calamity which would disturb the
operations of industry, and deprive nations of their subsist-
ence, surely the sacrifice is small, and surely the reward is
adequate. (Great cheering.) Now, Mr. Mayor, I have de-
taiued you much longer—(no, no)—led oawards, I must
say, by your kindness and indulgence—much longer in re
peed to a matter of foreign policy, than I had intended.
f he Chancellor of the Exchequer, you must know, in his
official capacity, is opposed pretty nearly to all wars. At
the same time the present Chancellor of the Exchequer, in
his official capacity, is really of opinion that financial ar-
rangements, good financial arrangements, are among the
most important preparations for war, when war is needs-
eery. And I frankly own, that as far as finance is con-
cerned, I really don't think that England has often been
better prepared for war than she is at this moment.
Matters have been reduced to a state of simplicity, and as I
adverted to certain persons who were more anxious fur
resort to arms than I could wish, I really suppose that
those gentlemen are satisfied with the present legislative
acceptance of the income-tax by the mass of the people,
and its being embo lied in an act of parliament for the
term of seven years. They think it might be very conve-
nient to introduce a bill that may double, perhaps treble, that
income-tax—a very simple operation I assure you, so far as
the House of Commons is concerned. (Laughter.) About
twelve months since we had swathe r measure that promised
a good deal of money, namely, doubling the house tax ;
perhaps, possibly, there might be a portion of the com-
munity with whom that measure would become very
popular. At any rate I assure you that it is not in my
separate capacity, as having the peculiar charge of the
public finances, that I deprecate war ; it is because we are
all of us, as advisers of the crown, necessarily dependent
one and ell in this great and vital subject of European
•policy ; and because, whether as a minister, a Christian,
or a man, I cannot but entertain from the bot-
tom of my heart ; feeling as I expressed, and
moreover expressing my strong confidence that those
are the principles which the government will
endeavour to secure as you have stated, " the honour of
the crown and the best interests of the csuntry." Well,
Mr. Mayor, and gentlemen, with respect to the domestio
policy, I need not detain you long; for the subject of the
greatest interest, in connexion with the domestic policy,
is that subject upon which Manchester has spoken to-day
more audibly and emphatically than any man or
any commusity could speak by mere words. We
have happily reached the time when argument and state-
ment are alike needless in regard to the principles which
ought to regulate our financial and commercial legisla-
tion. In accepting with the warmest thanks the ex-
pressions of your approval, which have been accorded to
the efforts of governments and of public men and of par-
liaments during recent years, I am well aware, and the
addresses that I have had the gratification to receive would
have made me of themselves aware,—that naturally and
properly you look not to the past only, but likewise
to the future. Much has been achieved; but in the vast
and ever-extending concerns of this mighty empire, so far
as my own experience goes, I should say that the more
active in each successive year of parliament becomes the
work of legislation, not the less but the more still remains
for it to do. (Hear.) New social wants are developed ; new
improvements are suggested. It is a blessed career, the
career of wise, of cautious, hut vigorous improvement.
And to that career, in the transactions of public business, I
do not believe • termination can be affixed. Now, with
respect to the present, I will venture to say this one word ;
we have a real reason for gratification, as Mr. Barley well
said, in the state of the revenue as just declared ; there is an
apparent increase upon the quarter's revenue of about
400,0001. as compared with the corresponding quarter of
1852, which was likewise a period of great prosperity.
A strict analysis of that quarter's account, 1 am bound to
say, would make a considerable diminution in the appa-
rent increase ;—but still it remains true, that upon the
revenue of the country there is still a real increase upon
the quarter of the year. Now that, I venture to submit,
is, under the circumstance*, a most gratifying fact, and
for this particular reason;—during the last session
of parliament we repealed taxes with no sparing hand.
The address of the Chamber of Commerce says it is
hoped by that body, or that they should be very well
pleased, if the silk duties were swept away, and if cer-
tain differential duties were swept away—[A Voice—
The duties on wine)—and the wine duties reduced.
Gentlemen, my answer to that is,—So should I. (Laughter.)
But they will, I am sure, admit, as freely as 1 would state
it, that it is our duty to conform our measures to the exi-
gencies of the state—(hear, hear)—and that, above all, we
do wisely, even at an apparent sacrifice, always to affix
such limits to our reductions and our modifications of taxa.
Lion, as to ensure to the public that immense benefit
and advantage, which is a secret of strength almost inde-
scribable, the certainty (as nearly as human foresight can
secure it) a surplus in the public revenue. But this we
know, that with no sparing hand the parliament repealed
taxes during the last year. I think that our repeals of taxes
already in operation composed a sum of two millions sterling.
We proposed to provide for the deficiency thus—at all events
for a time—occasioned from three sources. One of them was

enabled to do what no parin.ment since 1645 has been
enabled to do, ant that is, to exercise a free and unbiassed
judgment upon the question whether there should be an
inc-me tax or no incense tax. That is what we have done,
no more; bet I trust that they have secured to the people,
through their representative, the pcwer of using away
with the income tax in ISGO (Applause.) With a deficiency
ot tire millions sterling, we had nu power to remit that tax ;
but, by collateral measures, we have secured to the legisla-
ture in 1560 the power of saying freely whether they will
part with the income tax or whether they will not,
which I hope they Will not, ad ipt it as part of their
taxation. (Applause.) Without any subterfuge or
equivocation, I have endeavoured to place before you what
we have done. We have endeavoured to make the cession
of the income tax in 1860 a perfectly manageetee, instead
of an unmanageable question, and to give the legislature of
that period the power of exercising an unbiassed decision
on the subject. (Hear, bear.) With regard to the pros-
perity of all classes of this country, I believe it is perfectly
true that, though we have arrived now at a time when the
price of grain has become very high, there is not, so far
as I am aware, one single voice which has been raised in
g endh p rho
rice. (i
iceoaurn. t
hr ye
ut ) the
,r
hoe tshe e rh,
iognu
ameucormunutr,offrothmatonhei
prices are paid with contentmens, because they are the
result of the wisdom ot the Almighty,—of that in-
ch 'limey of weather which lie has seen fat to per-
mit ; and the intelligence of the people knows the
cause, and there is no complaining; and I think it is
not going too far to say, that there are many among us who
are glad that the farmers, and especially these who are
happy enough to have good crops upon the ground, havo
got their turn at last. (" hear, hear," and applause.)
But at any rate, setting aside partial and temporary excep-
tions, you are justified in speaking of the continued and
increasing prosperity of all classes in this country ; and it is
a great and gratifying fact—it is a fact to be contemplated
with satisfaction, because it carries with it no necessary ad-
mixture of evil ; on the other haul, we have got rid of the
causes which created opposition between the interests of
classes, and which opposition, through the operaton of
those causes, continually threatened more or less the peace,
harmony, and goodwill ot the community. (Applause.)
These have disappeared without injury to the progress of
industry and wealth ; and 1 trust to God, that having
permitted us to see the measures carried which hove pro-
moted that progress, we may likewise dwell upon it with
satisfaction ; and the reason of that satisfaction, gentlemen,
is, I trust, in this case not lessened by the last that those
who were rich before have become somewhat richer.
(Applause.) Much higher principles than that have been
obtained by recent legislation, in regard to the accumula-
tion of wealth. That, no doubt, is the high and holy word,
"If riches increase set not your heart upon them." It
is not for that reason, therefore, that they, h icing aug-
mented the enjoyments of the wealthy classes, tl.at we con-
gratulate ourselves on the change that has been brought
about. It is because of the operation of that charge upon
nations, upon the relative attitude of the nations, and upon
the condition of the community at large ; and I trust it will
continue to tend to the advantage of the nations, and that
their relative attitudes will be rendered mare peaceful by
the opening up of the channels of commerce, as it will bring
about a more constant intercourse, and thus tend to abate
rivalry that has divided clad estranged the countries of
Christendom from one another, and will beget sentiments
of amity, and tend at least to obviate the necessity for those
occasions when the sword has been drawn for the arbitra-
tion of national differences. (Cheers.) This is so far as
respects the nation; but, as respects the commu-
nity at large, it is fur the interest of our own people
that England's first duty must present itself to us.
(Cheers.) Labour has been ordained as the right of
man—and labour, when cheerfully performed, has the cha-
racter of a blessing, but in its operation at large it has the
character of a burden that was opposed, as I may say, judi-
cially upon us. That burden has been lightened by recent
legislation; and the cases we now hope will be rare when the
soul of the English artisan and mechanic, and peasant,
shall be borne down to the very earth by the grinding ne-
cessities of temporal possessions. (Cheers.) That legisla-
tion which limits its operations with the mere questious of
pounds, shillings, and pence, or with the fruit of the earth
and the productions of industry, ought rather to be con-
sidered in moral and social aspects, and social tenden-
cies, if it has to lighten the burdens which are inherent
in labour, and if it has tended to deliver the spirit of man
from the necessities which the body brings upon it. If
it enables the father to make a more abundant provision
for the needs of his wife and children; if it has given
him time to relieve his limbs, and set his spitit free tor
the contemplation of higher interests and higher objects—
if these things have been done, and done we know they
have been—it is a result in the promotion of which we have
all borne a part, however insignificant, and we may take a
deep and cordial pleasure in having so done. (Cheers.)
For myself, the part I have borne is small. (No, no.) But
I stand in the presence of a community who have had a
great share in bringing about this beneficial—nay, I must
call it this blessed change. Yet still it has been a change
of that character which commonly belongs rather to the
imagination to conceive, than to the understanding to em-
body, in practical measures, and to one statesman to bring
into form and order. It has: been scattering " plenty o'er
a smiling land," and we see the result of it, not only in
the comfort which is displayed in your great community,
but in the state of mind which prevails throughout Eng-
' land ; in the true harmony which, though it cannot
be realised in this world, yet comes nearer to our hope,
and nearer within the range of human results, than
ten or twenty years ago we could have ventured to have
anticipated. Gentlemen, the community of Manchester
may look back with satisfaction on the part it has played
in promoting this great change in recent legislation—a
change which has made great progress towards its con-
summation among ourselves; bat which we must recol-
lect has scarcely begun among other nations of the earth.
But the wave which sets from this country will pass over
the surface of the earth. In former times we have, lam
afraid—if we go far back to the times of great glory
England has been too ready with the warlike hand, and has
set, we must admit, on some occasions, • bad example to
the nations of the earth. (Hear, hear.) I trust she has
now set a good one, and I trust she is destined to see
the effects of that lesson in the legislation of other coun-
tries, gradually extending itself from place to place until
the utmost that can be hoped for from its possible results
shall have been accomplished. Yon, gentlemen, will enjoy
a share of satisfaction in contemplating these results, such
as perhaps no other local community can claim. As for
me, and as for my own humble individual efforts, per-
fectly imperceptible in what they can produce, yet de-
pend upon it they carry with them their own reward in
themselves, or if they did not carry with them their own
reward, I should find an ample,and a far more than ample,
recompense for any amount of toil and pressure they may
entail in these documents which now lie before me—

an augmentation of the spirit duty in Scotland and in
Ireland; the second was au extension of the inccme tax
in certain respects; and the third was the succession duty.
Now, at the present moment, we have derived, I think,
about the mere trifle, the drop in the water, of 10,0001. or
12,0001., from the extension of the income tax ; we have not
derived up to the present moment consequent upon, or at
least necessarily attending the transactions, one farthing
yet from the new law as to the succession tax. The spirit
duties alone have been in operation ; and it is ou that ac-
count I would point out to you that almost the whole of the
reductions on taxes have taken full effect, and that, on the
other hand, the principal sources to which we looked to
supply the deficiency are not yet in practical operation.
And I think that you will agree with me that under these
circumstances the lamase in the revenue of the quarter is
• most gratifying indication of the strength of our internal
resources. (Applause.) That this is the cue with
respect to the prosperity of the country is fully
indicated by the revenue of the quarter. (Hear,
hear.) There was a reference in the proceedings
of the council to the subject of the paper duties. Gentle-
men, I would venture to tell you, although it is • confes-
sion that works against myself, that when public curiosity
is excited in reference to measures that may in a future ses-
sion be adopted, you cannot possibly have a more inconve-
nient or more impracticable guest than a Chancellor of the
Ethequer. (Laughter.) Gentlemen holding other offices
under the crown may ordinarily enter into a tolerably free
discussion, and may announce their intention to bring in
this or that measure in a coming melon ; but although I
never felt more disposition in my life to depart from a
most salutary rule, I am sorry to say that the
lips of the man who holds my unfortunate situation—
(laughter)—are always hermetically sealed, until that
particular day, hour, and moment arrive, when it is his
duty to rise in the House of Commons and bring forward
what is called the budget—(" hear," and laughter)—
and, therefore, even on a subject like the paper duty, I am
afraid I have very little to say. (Laughter.) However,
this I will say—l had the pleasure of seeing in the ware-
hones of a gentleman now before me, yesterday, I bad the
*wire of seeing that beautiful manipulation, for so it is,
performed, which constitutes the process of packing goods
for exportation ; and it was impossible not to observe in the
package which was put in order before my eyes, a bale
which, I believe, consisted of worsted intended for Madras
(but that is not material)—it was impossible not to observe
that there was a very considerable quantity of paper, I do
not know whether there might not have been 101 b. or 15th.
of paper in that package. That paper is liable to an excise
duty of lid. per lb., and it was perfectly obvious to me, it
needed no great exercise of the understanding to
perceive that the lid. per pound laid upon the
paper in the package might, so far as the practi-
cal operation of the -duty is concerned, as well have
been laid on the commodities themselves. It has
precisely the same operation, and, therefore, undoubtedly
the principle which has led parliament to exempt the great
manufactures of the country in themselves from the ex-
tremely impolitic and onerous operation of excise duties, is
perfectly capable of extension, when the proper time arrives,
and circumstances permit it—(laughter and applause)—is
perfectly capable of extension to the material in which here
staple manufactures are wrapped up. Now that really is all
I have to say on the subject of the paper duties. It is stated
in this address by the town council, that they hope to witness,
as the result of the policy which we have advocated, the con-
tinued and increasing prosperity of all classes in this country.
There is one reference in the address of the corporation that
I must briefly notice, because it provoked a smile, not from
me only, but from several others, at the address was read.
It is here stated that we have re-enacted the income tax,
with a clear and distinct understanding:that, at the expira-
tion of the renewed period for which it has been imposed,
such tax ought te disappear. Now, gentlemen, in a very few
words I will state exactly how I consider that that matter
stands. For my own part, I have not in the least degree
hesitated to declare my opinions respecting the income tax,
to this effect, that it is impossible to reconstruct it, and that,
it being impossible to reconstruct it, a sense of injustice and
inequality in the minds of the community attends its opera-
tion; that the people of England have been found willing
to submit to it, and probably may be found willing to
submit to it, for the purpose of attaining great objects of
policy, or of warding off national dangers ; but that on that
account it is probably not well suited to form a part of our
ordiaary system of taxation. That is my opinion with re-
gard to it ; but you are quite aware that any attempt to bind
the parliament of 1860 would be ineffectual. The present par-
liament has made no such attempt. What the present
parliameat has done is this. Knowing that pledges for the
removal of the income tax would be delusive, knowing that
they would form part of that system of public imposture,
which I hope never will be admitted into the government
of this country, vie., carrying on public affairs, and sup-
porting public administrations by promises, instead of by
performanees—knowing that, genflemen, we never at-
' tempted to ask parliament to bind a future parliament in
regard to the untinuance of the income tax ; but what we
did was this—we asked parliament to adopt positive
measures for the reduction of the income tax, and in
the time that is to elapse between 1863 and 1860, sad
likewise for drawing from another source, namely, the
succession tax, money which might in some degree re-
: place the deductions in the income tax ; we asked
them by adopting these measures so to reduce the
amount of the income tax, and so to shape the other
fiscal itiOUION of the country, that, in all human probe-
I bait', and, barring the calamity of general war, when the
year 1860 arrives, the parliament of that period would be

(cheers) ;—and which have recorded the sense of this great
community—the generous and intelligent sense—pushed
beyond, I believe, what justice would warrant—C" no,
no ")—but referable to kindly feeling—which record the
sense of this great community in favour of those principles
of leg.islation to which it has been my delight to lend a
helping hand in the struggles of some past years; and to
the maintenance of which, after viewing what I Lime seen
to-day, I need hardly tell you I shall continue to be fondly
and faithfully attached.—[The right hon. gentleman here
resumed his seat, amidst enthusiastic and prolonged ap-
plause, the speech having occupied an hour and Live
minutes.]
The public proceedings then terminated, eta few minutes
before 3 o'clock.