The Express.
London, England, 1853-10-06 00:00:00

POPULATION OF SCOTLAND.

The population of Scotland was 1,608,420 at the
beginning of this century, and at the census of 1851 was
found to have increased to 2,888,742. The ratio of this in-
crease is about 80 per cent. Population is said to have
doubled in some parts of the United States in a quarter of
a century; while the number of the Scotch people has cut-
siderably less than doubled in twice that period of time.
This fact indicates the operation of positive and preventive
checks ; but in comparing the increase of population in a
new country like America with the increase in the old
countries of Europe, we have to take into account the dis-
turbing force of emigration, the full effect of which in di-
minishing population on one side, and increasing it on the
other, is hardly yet sufficiently understood. Fur proof of the
thinning effect of emigration in Scotland during the last
fifty years, one requires only to glance at the notes ap-
pended to the recent census table. In .one cases out
of ten the decrease of population is attributed to " emigre.
Lion," to "extensive emigration," to " the enlargemeat of
femur and consequent emigration ;" but if emigration his
been sufficient in many parishes and in certain decennial
periods, since the beginning of the century, to turn the tide
of population into an absolute ebb, its effect must have been
greatly to retard the ratio to increase in all. The migration
of human beings from quiet Scottish glow has been !kiwis&
in two currents—into the large towns, the seats of prow*.

row trade, of manufactures, of iron works, collieries, and
quarries, within our own territory ; end into distant colo-
nies and foreign lands across the wide seas.
The former hives of industry, with their swarmiwg
multitudes of human beings, are visible to the eye, aM
shay noted in the
out and number the emigrants and their progeny in the
sew homes to which they have repaired over all parts of
the world, we should have still greater reason to wonder at
the immense population which has sprung from the loins of
the Scottish nation of 1801. The increase of the Scotch
rite (proper), though steady, exhibits considerable variety
various deccantal periods since 1801. In the first
Ism years the increase was 12 per cent. From 1811 to 1821
It was 15 per cent. ; from 1821 to 1831 it was 13 per cent.;
from 1831 to 1841 it was 10.8 ; and from 1841 to 1851 it was
i 10.2 per cent. The largest rate el increase was thus in the
! tea years from 1811 to 1821; and as the same feature marks
the census returns of England, and uearly without damp-
' lion of every county and pari.h of the United Kingdom, it
forms one of the most striking and curious facts in the
history of population during the last 50 years.—Norf/s
Brain's

FEARFUL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—OR Monday
evening an unfortunate accident, which it is feared will
terminate fatally, took place near the Kingston station of
the London and South-Western Railway. It appears that
• man who was engaged in drawing the horse trains upon
the line, was following his usual calling, when he was
Mack by a rot of one of rho carriages, which forced him
some distance. Ile then laid hold of something projecting,
hoping to gain the platform ; but being unable to keep his
' hold, ite fell with his legs across the metals, and the train
passed over a portion of his body, and so severely injured
him that he was pieced in a carriage, conveyed to the
Waterloo-road Terminus, and from thence to St. Thomas's
Hospital, where he at present remains in a very precarious
state.
THE CEDARS of LEBANON have diminished from
• forest to a sacred grove, guarded by a priest and protected
by • suntition. The prophecy of Isaiah has long since
been fulpefilled, and "Lebanon is turned into a fruitful
field," "the resit of the trees of his forest are few, that a
child may write them." The cedars of Lebanon scarcely
occupy a space equal to two acres of ground ! But Leb•
non Is • fruitful field; the mulberry tree yields its luscious
; fruit, and its more useful leaves, with graceful luxuriance ;
and in its valleys the harvests wave spontaneously to an-
, tem.—New Quarßrly &Culla for October.