The Express.
London, England, 1849-04-11 00:00:00

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LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11.
The documents relating to British Guiana, which
we pabliehedyesterd ty must dispel even the faint hopes
that overaminguite individuals may have cherished at
Berl GRIT'S teeminatiog amiably the dispute between
the financial regeosentstivei of that colony and the Co-
Ineilli4lllft The betallat'on of a new governor affortled
snaypertnallyatmeonsidering the civil list. The salaries
of a new govegaor:and his administrative staff might
be fairly dimmed without any danger of trencluog
upon what are celled " rested rights." Here were
wow men and new commissions to deal with—a tabula
rose upon which any fair amount of salary might be
mitten. Bat it is obvious that Mr. DARKLY has
Lau sent oat to insist opal the civil list weed in
1844 ea a compact, regardless of equitable considera-
tions-4o demand, like a certain celebrated litigant,
" jostles and his bead."
The Colonial-Mos SAY. "the civil list was voted
hr a definite number .of years, and we will tie the
colony down to this (caret in blaek and white." The
fleensiel asee
representatives my "the circomsts of the
*okay have entirely changed since ; the value of pro-
perty has been greatly deterserated; and this deterio-
ration is is pert at least owing to a change in the
policy of the imperial government—the party which
now insists spa holding us to our civil hat bargain."
The question here roiled, be it observed, doss not
relate to the justice or ultimate expedieuy of throw-
ing open the sugar trade. It Trisect simply to yes-
tioss of fact:—Whether the immediate commence
of throwing open the sugar trade has been to dimi-
nish the value of pr piety in Guiana? And whether
the proprietors in that colony bad reason given them
by thempmial government to believe at the time
they paned the civil list, that the trade would not be
thrown open? If these two questions can be
answered in the affirmative, the colonists have a valid
claim spot the imperial government to allow such
reed &slims of the civil list as can be made without
injury to third parties.
The deterioration of property in the colony is un-
fortunately beyond dispute. The official lists of
sequestrated estates and sales by the Provost-
Marshal demonstrate its existence. It is alleged in
some quarters that this only shows the embarrassed
eircumsteces of aportion of the colonial community,
and that the improved condition of the black free-
holders proves that there is prosperity in another por-
tion to couaterbalance the depression. This argu-
ment leaves oat of view the fact that the black free-
holders thrive by the sale of ground provisions, or by
receiving weeps foe their labour; that the sale of
=ad provisions and the receipt of wages for labour
upon the power of the planters and merchants
to consume and give employment ; that the same
causes which bring estates to sequestration injure
the merchant ; and that when planters and merchants
go to the wall, the black freeholders and labourers
out in time follow them.
Equally clear is it that when the civil list was
voted in 1844, the planters bad reason to believe that
no change in the commercial policy of the empire, in
so far as they were concerned, was likely to take place.
Sir R. PRIX had not then received the new lights upon
which he has since need. The Whigs echoed the
opinion of hlr. Deacon Hume, that negro emincipt-
tion bad placed the sue ir trade in an exceptional
oonditioenunsuseeptible of the application of free trade
principles for many years. The only parties to
whom the colonists could look as capable of
holding office under the imperial government,
promised them exemption from any greater competi-
tion in the sale of their produce than they then ex-
perienced. Of comae, es free traders who never
acknowledged these views. we approve of the changes
since made, and are prepare d to oppose any retro-
grade movement. But these changes afford un-
answerable reasons for an alteration of the civil list
compact entered into on an understanding that they
were not to be made—u between the parties to the
compact.
Ministers attempt to prejudice public opinion in
the %mother country against the colonists by repre-
senting them as attempting to force on an altera-
tion of the civil list without regard to the
interests of third parties, and by unconsti-
tutional means. This is a gross misrepre-
sentation. MI that the financial representatives of
Guiana have yet attempted to do is to examine the
civil list, with a view to propose reductions in it.
This the local government and the Colonial-office
have refused to permit. They insist upon the finan-
cial representatives voting the civil list in the lump,
end without examination. And because the Com-
bined Court bar entered upon a scrutiny of the
items, and proposed a redaction in the first of them
(the Governor'. salary), it has again and again been
adjoureed sins die.
By entering upon an examination of the civil lid,
and proposing reductions in it, the Combined Court
did not rescind the compact, and did not encroach
upon the prerogative of the crown. All that the wart
could do by examining and voting reductions in the
estimate was to propose a modification of the civil
list compact. The crown retained its veto upon the
estimate then voted, ite power of preventing a one-'
tided alteration of the compact to the injury of third
parties. In pronouncing such a vets the crown would
have acted upon its right (of equity we say nothing
at present); but the councillors of the crown have
exceeded the limits of prerogative, and advised it to
prohibit inquiry and a mere proposal to change. They'
have forbidden the Combined Court even to entertain'
the question whether the civil list ought to be air
might advantageously be reduced; and they
have repeatedly . adjourned it sine die for in-1
tasting upon its right to make such a
proposal to the crown. The colonial supplies
have thus been virtisally stooped, but they have not
been stopped by the flute ial representatives who
offered to vote them for a limited period, until the
question at issue between them and the government
could be decided. Tie ministers who forbid an up-
*leaden to the crown to remit part of an excessive
civil list have by their own act stopped the supplies
When than allow free diseassion.
Ministers, and even some who prefess to sympathise
with the colonists, affect to wonder at their want of
sense in forting on such a contest for a trifling
matter. Men who arAue thus would have advised
lons HAMPDEN to pay his few shillings of ship-
mosey rather than incur expense and an unequal
cutest for such a trifle. Bat in point of hot'
the civil list is no trifimg item is the expends-
tare of British Guiana. The gaieties above 1001. pee
annum paid to government officers in that colony
amount to 8,5,0411. There is no celery on the civil
list of lees amount than 1001. And the civil list is
not less than 39,0001. Salaries exceeding 1001. per
annum in a colony with a population of 120,000 are
exorbitant; and nearly one-half of these are on the
civil list. Earl Our exhorts the colonists to econo-
mise their public expenditure; Governor DARKLY
admits that extensive and searching retrenchment
is necessary to preserve the colony from ruin : and
et both insist upon the financial representatives'
having untouched and unexamined one-half of the
most extravagant and profligate item of public
saptnditsre.
As we have alreadv remarked, the appointment of
a new governor afforded the colonial minister an op-
portunity of meeting tie colonists half-way. He
might have said:—" la the altered circumstances of
the colony, retteedisnre is neceseary ; and that re-
trenchment ought to :tend to the civil list, as far as
is consistent with justice to individuals. Let me hear
what you have to prom.. 'Vote the necessary sup-
plies, in the meantime, for a limited period, till we
stn di.euss your proposal. I object to any reduction
in the salaries of parties who, to fore this question
was raised, have broken up establishments in this
country and gone to the colony, on the faith that they
were to receive a certain income. I expect that you
will make reasonabk provision for all memory

Ms sadden death of Dr. CROLLY, the Roman
Catholic Primate of Ireland, is an event which may
well suggest feelings of deep solicitude and regret.
Not only the assegai circumstances attending it. bat
the peculiar nature of the position which the lamented
prelate occupied, at the present time render his lore
equally a satins of sorrow to the good and anxiety to
the wise. In difficult times Dr. CIIOLLT was an
eminently useful man, not to his own particular creed
alone, bat to his county. In masons of bitter feud
he was pre-eminently successful as a maker—
and they are blessed of earth heaven. In
times of angry discussion he was as conspcu-
ously distinguished as a dignified but judi-
cious moderator between jarring prejudices and
polemic passions. In times of wild excitement he
was distinguished by the same calm wisdom which
neither sympithises less with the wrongs of the mul-
titude when they stray, nor flags. in mal for their
cause when calamity or despair benumbs their

energies.
In every pint of view the deceased archbishop
was a most remarkable man. Born and educated in
that part of Ulster where the members of the opposing
creeds hare for generations stood in the least miti-
gated antagonism towards one another, he had early
learned to comprehend the duties of his position es a
pastor and citizen, and in every relation of life which'
he was called to fill Ws demeanour afforded an
example worthy of ail imitation.
Far from evincing any hypocritical subserviency to
those who belonged to the more aristocratic faith, he
laboured diligently at all times to retain his own
flock in the belief he conscientiously adhered to. But
unlike the blind and fanatical apologists of that creed
elsewhere, he boldly espousal the cause of populsr
edaoation in its freest and its noblest sense. He had
faith in his faith. He did not distrust its power or
worth. Twenty years ago he undertook the publica-
tion and the distribution of ala•ge edition of the B.ble
among the heads of families in his dioce.e. He
preached constantly from parish to parish, but seldom
on controversial subje:cts. His aim and hope was a
noble competition with his protestant rivals in the
great work of pions teaching. They did not cease to
deem his teaching mingled with erroneous doctrine :
bet they did cense to regard him as a friend to intel-
lectual darkness or degrading superstition.
In a social sense ho was equally irreproachable.
The orange squire, who had never in his life before
shared in any act of hospitality with a "popish
priest" had " much pleasure in dining " with Dr.
CROLLY. He was not conscious of any inconsistency
in so doing. He was "a man in a thousand," as he
would say, by way cf explanation, when asked how
it happened. And, in a certain sense, this was true ;
for he was a man rarely gifted with the frank and
fearless self-respect, combined with true and watchful
" generosity in trifles," which marks at once good
breeding and the high beating that befits the office of
a patriarch. He is gone. When will the catholic
church in Ireland look upon his like again ?
Much of the future Reece and welfare of the
northern province of the kingdom may in the days
that are coming depenTon the character of him, who
fills the dignity of Roman catholic metropolitan of
Armagh. A weak man, or a polemical firebrand, would
in a few months undo much of the good that his late
predecessor had acnomplished. It Ms been a forth-
I sate circumstance that at the head of the protestant
church in Ulster there has been for many Tears a man
possessed of so many qualities entitling him to con-
sideration and respect as Lord JOHN BERESFORD.
We Absent as widely as is possible from the
sendneents of his grace, in political matters.
Bat let us freely say it—there never was a
better bishop, nor a more generous and munificent
friend to the poor. He also eschewed controversial
rancour. So far Dr. CROLLY was fortunate in the
character of his episcopal rival. But him successor
may not always be so fortunate. The protestant pri-
mate is now an old man. And after the specimens of
tory and of whig selection we have had of recent
years in Ireland, who will venture to reckon on the
primacy devolving on one possessed of either wisdom,
temper, or worth ?
In the Roman catholic church ,in beland the
bishops are elected- by the parish priests of each
diocese, subject to the approval of Rome. Three
sons are by the clergy named as eligible, and
I oat of these the Pope selects the individual whom be
deems best qualified to fill the vacant office. It is not
our purpose to compere the relative merits of such a
process. with that ;adopted in the established church,
regardwhich i great diversity of sentiment m-
eals.• Bet it may be noted in paining, that from the
satire of the proceeding we have above described, en
Important element of popular sympathy and feelieg
necessarily enters, in the first instance, into the choke
that is to be made. If the decided preponderance of
opinion among the parish priests of tie diocese et
=is in unison with the eociseisetisal, social,and
nal policy of the late distinguished prelate,
absy will naturally i their suffiages
Ili osbibisto of view. Should their votes,
,en the odor band, be given in favour of per.
Isom mile opines different opinions, the avowal will
be ass et rave signifcance, and its oonseqseuess who
Ns wefts to foretell ? A more solemn duty sever
baba to any body of men, or at a more momentous
*stow We know nothing of pawned claims or
protomaisms I nor, if we did, should we Teetere to its
trade ON word °Wench a subject. Bat for the sake
of Ulshe, its religions peace and social we
I asess*soope that one possessiag ' forbear-
ng., t, and discretion may be chosen. The
embers party strife will smoulder far and wide.
A hasty word may at any unforeseen moment kindle
a Sams which all the efforts of the better men of all
sides may not be able to extinguish.

GERMANY.

HUNGARY.—The following is from 'Paris paper
" Oar correspondent from Jug (Moldavia) sends
us some news which positively contradicts all that
the journals of Vienna have sald respecting the de-
feat of Bem by the %Mina. His letter being dated
26th March would seem, by reason of the proximity
of the theatre of war, to give some information subse-
quent to the last correspondence from Peeth bearing
date the 25th. We invite attention to this news,
which, if it be confirmed, must be of a nature to com-
plicate is the most merlon; manner the embarrass-
ments of Austria. The subsequent news will, with-
out doubt, confirm this contradiction.
".Tri-day I am enabled to give you another piece of
news not less authentic. The whole of Transylvania
is in the power of the Hungarians. The Russians
and Austrians have disappeared. Both have (as-
cording to tbe letter received) to Wallachia
last letter informed you of the siege of Hermafled
on the 27th February, after a combat of 15 lama
Since then we have learnt that the Rurrians returned
on the next day to the charge, but they were again
repulsed with lose, after a combat of six hours,
and afterwards retreated to Rothenthurn, where
they calculated on remaining until the arrival