The Express.
London, England, 1851-11-08 00:00:00

KOSSUTH TO THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

OF THE FRIENDS OF TILE CONSTITUTION.
Your delegates have brought me good and holy
words from you. I return you thanks for myself and
for Hungary. lituagary will hear and understand your
language, winch is a salutation of brothers and an
engagement of allies. I thank the men whose fears
refused an exile papaw through the land of France,
baptised with so many glories, conquered in the name
of liberty. They have furnished the opportunity for •
sympathetic popular demonstration which depicts the real
rent inviditani of your country as well as its wishes,
op**. and future. 1 should have felt this had
I Nssed through France. The lips of all might have
twin mute on my passage, no friendl hand held out,
.yet I
shouldtitre felt murmuring under this silence the voice of
ul4ace.aaJwg " Yet a little while," (A tantot). The life
..1 soul of France are • European thought. It cannot
alalieste %about perialting. France, however, is immortal;
1" life sacred. She is immortal by her reminiseenemiA
Ontissets of her people; by the motto now belied,
which is on her gag; by the wants of Europe, and by the
Nth *bleb humanity has placed in her. She may at this
bout be compressed ; but to-morrow she will re-appear
treater in staters, having learnt the severe lesson of the
past, and having felt that her revolution of 151$ failed
from isolation, because she forgot for a moment that the
cause of one people must be that of all, under pain

of representing but a local and narrow interest: because
she did not sufficiently feel that every great {edifice' prob-
lem requires for its solution a new moral development, and
faith in a principle of progress embracing all the world.
She will re-appear, convinced that this work of emancipa-
tion must commence at Home, and end at St. Petersburg,
the hand of brotherhood being extended in concert with
England and the United States in furtherance of this com-
mon European end: and all those nations which bare become
free by their own efforts, ss ill have to struggle against the inso-
lent intervention of the Czar and the Emperor. Then she will
not re-appear alone. The peoples will understand France as
France understood them. The jealous rivalries which divided
nations have fallen to the ground. Am not 1, surrounded
with sympathy her what 1 would have dune in Hungary,
the living instance of this ? Is not the r;glit of all nations
to independence consecrated by that which is recognised by
my country? God's lessons reach us through great misfor-
tunes, as well as through great victories. Common
misfortune has taught us all the secret of the
common work. This work, the first word of which
is "Emancipation," and the second, "National
Sovereiznty," has • motive power in the ener-
getic conscience of its own strength, and a guarantee in
alliance. The alliance of all that are oppressed against the
league of all the oppressors—the concentration of the forces
of all nations whenever the concentration of the enemies of
nations takes place against the efforts of one. Isolated
peoples hare been vanquished. United peoples will con-
quer. "There is no obstacle to him who has the will."
Europe will have a will. God alone knows the hour, but
the hour will strike. I shall see you then. Vive la Itepub-
lique Democratique! \lee la Sainte Alliance des l'..uples
London, N ov. 6, 1611.. LUDWIG KOSSUTH.

This witness was desired to prepare an accurate list of
those whom he had bribed.
Mr. Blau was called. Ile prodneed a list of the voters
who voted for Mr. Repton in 1847, and who had not re-
ceived money for their votes.
The names were read. There were many corrections,
discussions, and comments in respect to these names.
Mr. Blagg then bawled in another document—a list of
those who voted for Mr. Carden who had received bribes at
the election of 1847, and of other voters voting fur Mr. I
Carden who had received money at elections previous to l
1847.
Mr. Forsyth—We don't want to deal with elections pre-
vious to 1847. We can't go buck for thirty
.years.
Mr. Blagg—Then the list I now hand In is reduced to
thirty-two persons. Altogether the list would be fifty and
upwards.
The list of thirty-two was then read.
Mr. Edwards confirmed this list. lie had prepared it
conjointly with Mr. Blagg.
Mr. Blagg handed in a third document—a list of conser-
vatives who at the List election had voted fur Mr. Bell.
The Commissioners refused to receive this list. They
would have nothing to do with it.
Mr. Blagg handed in a fourth document—an analysis of
the register of 1810.1, the register on which Mr. Bell was
elected, and which was now in force. In this he gave the
number of 101. voters; and the number of liberals
and conservatives who took money. The total
number of voters on the register was 483. The
number of 101. voters was 351; or scot and lot voters, 66 ;
and of freemen, 63. Of the 344 101. voters, .4112 usually
received money at elections. Of the 6t3 scat and lot voters,
65 usually received money at elections. Of the 63 freemen,
31 usually received money at elections. Oa the othechand,
or the 101. voters, 140 usually slid not take mousy; of the
freemen, 32 were pure • and of the Scut and lot lute's, there
was one who never tookl a bribe—altogether 174 who did
nut take money. Of this 175, 104 were eunservotives and
71 liberals. The number who would vote without solicita-
tion was 74 among the conservatives, and 44 among the
liberals.
Mr. Edwards gave it as his opinion that this analysis
was correct. lie had prepared it jointly with Mr. Blagg.
Mr. Gresham (who had kept his sea uneasily all the
morning, and who was COMltlllltly interjecting dissent from
Mr. Blagg, from Mr. Edwards, and from every other wit-
re sr) here addressed the court, and submitted (surfs rose)
that this analysis was necessarily imperfect. Nu living luau
could give such an analysis fairly.
Mr. Forsyth—We canuot endure these interruptions, Mr.
Greoleaw. We have taken Mr. 'Haag's opinion ; we will
take yours. Do you wish to be put into the witness box ?
Mr. Gresham (emphatically)—No. (Great laughter.)
Subsequently (atter consideration with the commis-
sioners) Mr. Gresham relented, crossed the table, amid the
applause of the spectators, and took his place iu the witness
box.
Mr. Gresham (having been sworn) said that lee wished
to make several statements. Edwards had told the
court that he (Edwards) had offered hint five guineas
a day fur assisting in Mr. Bell's election. That
was not true. (Here Edwards evidence as to Mr.
Greshanis connexion with Mr. Carden was read, us evi-
dence ou which Mr. Gresham was to reply.) All this was
a mis.stutement. Ile (o itnesi) had never had the conver-
sation about ten guineas or five guineas a slay. Nor had he
had any conversation with Edwards us to the way in which
he (o itness) would vote. Had certainly brought a letter of
introduction from Mr. Tullius to Edwards. The object
was to ascertain who was in the field. Had never said he
wanted a "slice" in the election; but had said that he
would not " keep quiet."
Mr. Forsyth—You have kept your promise, Mr.
Gresham. (Great laughter.)
Mr. Gresham—Cudoubtedly. (Great laughter.) 11:u1
been asked to propose Alderman Carsten in St. Albans.
Hail been in the Common Council, and lead known Mr.
Card, is at that time. Had declined to bring Mr. Carden
forward, on account of his (wituesa) being a comparative
stranger.
Mr. Gresham went on fur a considerable time ; his evi-
dence being merely the indication of a personal squabble.
Finally, he begged to say that he had suggested the clause
in the bill appointing the learned commissioners, a hich pre-
cluded the assertion of professional privileges Oil the part of
witnesses. This would show, he hoped, that he had liven
anxious that this inquiry should be full and complete.
The Commissioners now decided to cull on the voters in
alphabetical succession, of whom it had been stated that
they bad received money fur their votes at the last elec-
tion. All these persons had been summoned ; and the ma-
jority, as they were called, promptly auswered to their
names. As the respondent placed himself in the box, the
question put was, " Mr. Edwards has told us that he gave
you fur your vote, is that true ? " The answer gener-
ally was, " Yes." And on the runner question
being pot, "Have you any explanation to utfer ? "
the ordinary reply was, " No." Ths thirst ques-
tion was, "Did you vote at the election in 1847 ? " and the
reply being in the affirmative, it was asked, " Did you re-
ceive money for your vote on that occasion ?" Perfectly
explicit replies were given iu each case ; and, as if the whole
town bad come to au arrangement with the commis-
sioners, the demeanour and language of each person was
almost precisely the same—in apparent compliance with a
positive formula. On no response beiug given to several
of the Dames called, the commissioners intimated that every
voter appearing, and now applying for a certificate, would
obtain that indemnity; but those who did not ap-
pear to their summons would obtain ao certificates,
and would, therefore, be exposed to all the serious
leamsequences of the evidence which had been given in
against them. Atter this hint very few of those who had
bun really summoned were found absent Occasionally
dine was some eccentric answering and some amusing ex •
*nations. One man acknowledged that he had received
Use Si.; but ho was ill in bed at the tints, and the money
was laid on his chair at his bed-side. " But you got it ?"
" No; I never touched it." "Did you give it back ?"
" Back ! of course not." " Who got it then ?" " Why,
my 'lissom. But I never seed it." " What did she do
with it ?" " Why, put it in her pocket most likely." Ano-
thee man, having acknowledged to the receipt of a bribe
at the last election, was asked if he had got anything in
1847. " Of course." "How much ?" " &I.—always do."
Another man got 111. for " vote and services." " What
were your services?" "Oh, anything. I was generally
useful." One was asked did he receive anything
in 1347. The reply was briefly and significantly,
"certainly." Ono acknowledged to the receipt of money :
hut he repudiated the idea that anything had been said
about his vote. But he did take the money from Edwards,
and he did vote for Edwards's candidate : ho considered
that merely a coincidence, not cause and effect. One man
had got 81. for his " services." lie was a carrier : and he
had carried parcels, messages, and voters. His whole time
had been given to Edwards fur a month. Ile was a voter,
and had voted fur Edwards's candidate. But he had not
regarded himself as bribed. It was " understood" by Ed-
wards, however, that the 8!. was for " vote and services."
One dull, heavy fellow, gave the concise "yes' and "no"
to all the yuestions. The supplemental query was then
put—who dad he vote for in 1847 ? He was not sure; he
thought it was for Mr. Raphael. The town crier
was one of the persons called. He bad received
M. But Edwards had told him that this was
or " old favours," and not for his vote. He
bad not " cried" for Edwards. He had not voted for Mr.
Bell—he bad not voted for any one. lie bad not told Ed-
wards, however, that he intended not to vote. Ile had not
voted, because Mr. Carden had canvassed him ; and being
under a sort of pledge to Edwards, he promised ?dr. Carden
not to vote at all. He had voted in 1847, and ho had then
also received money. That was not for " old favours"—
that was genuinely for the vote. Many of the persons of the
poorer classes of voters called were unaffected models of
rustic simplicity. They had never been in a court of justice
before, and seemed to consider that their principal business
in the witness box was to kiss the book incessantly. They
were obviously unconscious of there being any d
in the admissions which they had to make, arr selatilsuMed
greatly puuled why the commissioners should be at all rudest
about their arrangements with Mr. Edwards. Mr. Edwin&
was all in all to them. When they were asked a question
they looked at Mr. Edwards and watched his good as
tared face for permission to oblige the inquisitive gentle-
men on the bench. One of them was asked "What sum
did you get for your vote ? " The answer was " 51. and up-
wards." "How much was the upwards ? " " Eli, I don't
know. I only knows Master Ed'ards said that I got 51 sad
upwards. I only seed 51. What upwards may be I don%
know." Another of the same class was asked, " Did yen
vote for Mr. Raphael in 1847." " Mr. Raphael, oh, no. I
votes always for Master Ed'ards." Another was asked,
" Did you receive money for your vote in 1847 ? " The
reply was, " I don't recollect ; but it was very likely.
Master Ed'ards knows." The only delay in getting
the explicit acknowledgments in confirmation of the
evidence of Mr. Edwards was in the mono( who had