The Express.
London, England, 1847-01-11 00:00:00

NEWS FROM PORTUGAL.

By the Achilles, Capt. Wilson, arrived at South-
ampton, we have lICWaI from Lisboa to tho 61. She
brinss portion of the last India mail, brought by Mr.
Waghorn. She had touched on her way at Lisbon,
for the purpose of coaling. 'there is not much news
of importance. Colonel Wylde had left Lisbon on
the 2nd inst., to watch the movements of the Queen's
troops. Saldanha had advanced to Coimbra, and was
to enter that town, with the concurrence of the inha-
bitants, ou the sth. It was rumoured that Vinhaes
had been attacked at Villa Beal by Baron Castro
Taira, and defeated. From Oporto there were ru-
mours of an intended junction between the Septem-
brists and Nlignelites ; but they are not much to be
relied upon. M•Donnell was said to be in that city.
A good deal of sickness prevailed in the two divisions
of the fleet wider Admiral Sir W. Parker.
(From our men Correspondent.)
Demon, Jan. 6.
. . .

Since T last wrote (by the Iberia) no military incidents of
a character worth recording have exurred at the head quar-
ters of Saldanha. Colonel W)1(1.-, accompanied by Count
Ilemedortf, left the capital on the 2nd of this month, in order
to observe the Queen's forces no their present march : up to
yesterday afternoon no intelligence had reached Lisbon from
him ; bin it is probable loefore I close my despatch
that I may olestai some information of a precise cha-
racter respecting the military movements on this aide of the
Douro, in which caw I will append it to this letter.
It may, however, he advisable to observe that, in the opinion
attune then one well Menai( d witnes- (and I here speak of
pencils who are p 'lrony competent to offer a judgment at
the present state of adore in Portugal), the settlement
of the question clues not depend un the success of
filaldantuie riper ohms, although it would be greatly
intlueuced by the triumph of the S iitemberists.—
The p Licy pursue,' by true British minister in re-pert to this
partieular n o. emeut, is, I think, tolera-aly clear. Not so
that of the two other power* intereot.3l, unless, indeed, the
secret aent,yopen arguments, and avowed wishes of their
agents and representatives at thin court may guide the judg-
ment, in which ease it easy bo ergu- cl that the cow, d'etat
of Oct. 6:h has the entire approlaition of France acid Spain.
The most important subj. cc, however, for the consideration
of our s lee public men (and in this term I include the finan-
cial and ounnuentiel, as well a. the political world) is, whether
the teedeuey ea Lord Palmersten lo policy is to give greater
stability to the iustitutons of Portugal, as guranteed
by the charter, than they would derive from his counte-
naming the government of Lisoon in the vagartes which
have recently been displayed by its decrees and other acts.
It is nut withia my province to olf-r any opinion upon this
point ; alt I aim at is, to collect Gem, and to place them in
tee best Lehi I am enabe-1 toe do; for (mete alone, andnotsup-
positions, must constitute the grounds fir ultimate decision.
The facto which I have already, iu my previous corn-
111111DICaliU12.' laid before )ou, briefly summed up, amount
to this: Lord Palmerston, strongly aympathiainr with
Donna Maria in the ate males, position in which her
advisers have Owed her, namely, of being a constitutional
Queen, with a di spot is mini. ry, no:noted tho British repre-
senta:ive at this place to afford to her Majesty every guaran-
tee and sosistauce in his power toward,: maintaining her
dignity and her rights unimpeired, but at the same time
strictly ei joined the mist entire abstinence on the put of
the British ligtl.ta fr.lll any roterference with the internal
dissentious ut Portugal. The while questien of interven
Lion resolved itsdf into that of the Queen's personal safety,
and her freedom hum all restraint or coercion on the part of
the Septembrists, in cams they had triumphed. I
seed not renal to mind the loud and reiterated asser-
tions of many, who, in November lest, boldly main-
tained that, intervention being required for the purpose
of preveutieg Donna Maria from being "hustled off the
throne," it was bout insauediote.y to take place in the shape
of two or three battalions of marines being landed from Sir
W. Parker's fleet. 'hat such a step would have been
equally grata> ing to the court and momentarily conclusive
,f the mooned so ugele, .t needs no lengthened argument to
prove. But it was not to be, and tne prudence and caution
displayed hy our government wet e ao unpalatable to all the
adherente of the court, as to occasion those m anifestations of
dislike,.spieion, mid even of rupture, whirls were elaborately
exposed in my comrnuoicationsof Nov. 30—and subsequently.
Since then it has been seen by the court party, that a
grave blunder wan committed by them, in having ventured
to mix up Ole. Southern and Sir W. Parker in the wretchedly
framed and abortive accusations brought against the exiled
Duke of Pahnella; and some efferts toward, effecting a
restoration to the former cordial relations have been made,
the most notable of which was a dinner given by her Ma-
Pasty, at the palace, to these two gentlemen and to the cap-
tains of the fleet, on New year's Eve, the incidents at which,
under the melanceoly influence of the recent sanguinity
battle, must have somewhat resembled the wedding-tenet in
Hamlet." The sup, however, was one taken in a right
direction, insomuch as it tends to show that the court party
is not obstinately determined to shut the door upon convic-
tion, and to rely for support in its ab.ulutst tendencies solely
upon the other power., w tivieg the benefits which Lord
Palmerston's more moderated zeal and assistance may ulti-
mately afford it
The deductions, therefore, which suggest themeelves, from
a couxidera-ion of these unquestionable facts, seem to me to
be, that, finding from the roane already punned by our
ministers during the recent sharp crisis, there existed an
insuperable indispisition to middle in a pacer struggle, and
moreover that there likewise existed a perfectly unmistak-
able, thou oh tacit and den want, disapprobation of the whole
galley of the government since the 6th of October, Donna
Marie's athi -Ts are pnpared, to a very considerable degree,
to retrace their it, ps, and, as soon as they can with any
show of decency towards her Majesty, and consistency with
the respect that is due to the nivel attributes, take a retro-
rade stride, to n.ake such eoncession. to those who have
been driven into the commiesion of acts of open hostility
towards the troops of their severeign, as may hilly meet the
exigencies of the Cone.
Its what manner this most desirable object is best to be
attained, it is for far wiser and higher heads than mine to
devise. Much has recently been said here about a contem-
plated junction between the Septemhri.ts and the Mi-
gfatlites; the basin of such an arrangement being that,
whilst the latter give up their chief, the form, r will
Mascot to merge the sovereignty of Donna Maria into that
of Don Pedro V., and the establielesent of a regency. If my
judgment serves me rightly, and if my reason is not warped
by any undue tendencies, they both load me to the convic-
tion that this.rould be alike the most contemptible and the
most dishonest mode of palliating toe existing difficulties that
could possibly be resorted to, and moreover that it would be
equally abortive and ruinous to the dynasty and to the
public men here who shall have sanctioned it, rendering the
latter odious in the eyes of every sound politician in Europe.
I have been betrayed into the expression of an opinion re-
specting a subject on which it may seem to be wasted,
an the alleged compromise may not seem be contemplated;
the information, however,which has reasehedme from Oporto,
induces me to believe that what I here state has formed the
topic of conversation, to say the tenet, in the political
circles there, and that to Jose Pm-os and others of
the Junta is ascribed such a scheme; some ingenious
persons adding, by way of illustration, that Sada Nogueria
has actually gone to England, to negotiate for supplies of
arms, etc., whilst his brother, Pia dm Bandeira, has utterly
ignored the whole affair, and has retired from active co-ope-
ration with the junta in consequence.
This despatch of Casal, with the account of the affair of
Braga, is contained in the Dhgrio of the 4th, and it states,
amongst other particulars. that the Miguelites had 240 men
killed, and the Queen's troops only 36 killed and wounded.
It is asserted that Macdonnell was seen at Oporto publicly
walking the streets on the 31st ult. I am enured
however, that the person taken fir him was Guedes. one of
his aides. It is currently rumoured here that the Viscount
Vinhaes, who has a small command under Canal, was
attacked at Villa Real, in the Tres oe felonies, by the Baron
Castro Dian, and defeated. These, however. are only
reports and not to be implicitly trusted. On similar
authority it is asserted that Dos Antis his left Coimbra for
Oporto. His object is amerted to be that he may hold a conver-
sation with the Junta. The same authority (if it deserves this
title) adds that the Septembriat troops have left Coimbra,
and are now on their march to the north. In the absence of
any intelligence from the British commissioner, Colonel
Wylde, I abstain from giving any importance to these re-
ports. The only certainty which has been attained is, that
Saldanha was at Leiria when the last accounts were received
from him. General Mesquite was moving in the same
direction with the Marshal in a parallel line, the former
taking the new sod the latter the old road. The operations
carried on to the south of tne Tagus, under We direction of
Schwalbeck, are limited to keeping St. Übee, Palmella,
Allasar do Sal, and the adjacent country clear nom Guerillas.
Count Bomtin, General C. lestino, and several of the prin-
cipal reasoner* captured at TOMS Vtdras, have been re-
moved from their filet place of confinement, on board the
Diana, to the Rainbow frigate, stationed off Belem. The
reason for this removal is said to have been the dimentiona
created amongst the different officers and prison, is, as to the
causes which led to their defeat, and the reproaches
and menaces uttered by them towards the general
in command at Torres Vedres. It has fermed a suliject for
comment, and even blame, on the victor in that affair that
he permitted the regulars who surrendered. to march out of
the fort in which they were captured,with all their baggage,
and with colors flying and drums beating. The wounded
have all been brought to Lisbon, and about 140 of them are
now in the Marine Hospital. On Sunday last the Queer,
went thither and visited the wards, offering a few words of
condolence to the soldiery as her Majesty passed their
couches.
There exists. I am worry to my, a good deal of sickness in
sue or two ships of Sir W. Parker's squadron. The came,
however, hove not as yet proved of a very serious descrip-
tion. Erysipelas, accompanied with a lowfeser, it the form
which tho malady takes. Preparations have been made to
land the oink men at I3elem, where an hospital is ready

•A Airs 4.111 .11*«41A,R05"igt14.1*1411.1,443,:' •
. iy:%;11, I. • •
i,‘„,: 'sit:

/fst their reception. It has not escaped attention
b;re, that sb,4o . very first opportunity which offered
itaclf to Lord Palmerston of publicly testifying his
'ppm 'lation of the more punned by Sir William Parker
during Ole recent awl existing political crises, has been seized
by his lon.'ship, hy conferring upon the Admiral the highly
honourable .:nd lucrative post of principal naval aide-de-
camp to her Ma sty Queen Victoria. A fact such as this is
must carry conviction with it, and it corroborates the views
which were exposed in my last communication of Dec. 31,
respecting the rumoured changes here.
I enclose in this packet the two last numbers of the
anonymously circulated journal of the Septembrists, the
Spectre of Dec. 30 and Jan. 2. The contents, in point of in-
telligence, are unimportant, but they serve at least to evince
that the spirit which animates their writers is unbroken.
I have said little or nothing respecting the financial
proceedings of the ft,4overnment here, in so fur as the payment
of the dividends in London is concerned. The persons
interested in this matter, who are on the spot, will be far
better informed on the subject than I can pretend to be, but
it may not be generally known that the mode of
providing for the payment if it should be made, is asierted
to be the sale or depositing on pledge of a number of bonds
which were issued for a very different purpose, and which
are thus disposed of in order to create a fictitious and tem-
porary credit.
In the Diario of the 4th inst., the quotations of stocks,
exchanges, and prices of metal, state the discount on the
bank of Portugal notes to be about 21 per cent. 114.

10 A.M.
P.S.—A report is very current here, that Evora bas de-
clared for the Queen. I have referred it to more than one
competently-informed authority, and am assured that it is
unfounded; but, as come assumptions may be built upon it,
I think it right to mention it.
Another statement has reached me, which I do believe, as it
accords with what I have already written above—namely,
that Saldanha was to enter Coimbra yesterday, the sth ; a
deputation from the inhabitiutta having bcenrent to his head
quarters, stating their wish to receive him.

FRANCE.—BREAD RlOTS.—Serious disturbances
have taken place in the department de la Vienne, owing to
the high price of corn. Same of the national guard, who
endeavoured to prevent a pillage of the market, were dis-
armed, and the gendarmerie is said to have been driven back
by the victorious rabble and obliged to shut themselves up in
their barracks. It was at Lenc near Chatellerault,
that these disturbances took place.
THE IcCARCITv OF FOOD IN FRANCE.—The Man-
chester Rrominer publishes the following extract of a letlei:
from Mr. Cobden, M.P., dated Marseilles, Dec. 29, 1846:
" I Sod an immense movement in earn here. The port is
crowded with ships. Upwards of 1,200,000 quai rs of
wheat have been imported, and nearly all of it is gone into
the interior, chiefly in the direction of Lyons, by cuts. The
roads are so cut up by the traffic, that they resemble rivers of
mud. The French government has suspended the naviga-
tion lawn and corn is brought in free of duty, by ships of all
nation*, from any ports ; a large pi Rion of it is imported
here from the Black Sea, in Greek ships. I hear there is
still a vast supply in Southern Bosnia—that the Russian
harvest is mast abundant.

ACCIDENT ON THE NORTHERN RtILWAY.—An
accident took place on Wednesday, on the Northern Rail-
way. The following note was issued by the company to the
Courrier du Nord: "This morning, ...an. 6, at a quarter
past four, the passengers trails coming from Paris ran into a
luggage train which preceded it, near Somain, and greatly
damaged three lugg.ice v ins which were left on the rails.
No one was hurt. AU the signals were lighted at the time
of the accident, which can only be attribute,' to the negli-
gence of the engine-driver. He was immediately dismissed."
The Courrier du Nord adds " The reports which circulat d
to-day at Valenciennes, stove to this accident all the horrible
proportions of the catastrophe of Fampoux. The pre-
ceding note, and which we have reason to suppose
exact, will, we hope calm all anxiety on the subject. The
private information we have received on the subject agrees
substantially with that given by the company, and adds only
that some of the passengers received a few slight contusions.
A few days since, two or three trains on the Northern railway
having pasted the lodge of the guard, near Slangy, without
perceiving signals, the door was knocked at, and, no reply
being given, was forced open. The guard, with his wife and
son, were found dead. They had lit a fire of coke before
going to bed, and their s!cepinc-room being hermetically
closed, they were overcome in their sleep by the fumes of the
charcoal."

The news given in La Presse of a schism in the
centre-left party is confirmed. MM. Bhlault and Duaaure
and others have separated frem M. Thiers, not merely with
regard to Spanish marriage, but on several other points of
foreign and domestic policy.—Journal de la Ilaye, Jan. 8.
BELGIUM.—The arrival of the Daily News, the
other day, with exclusive Indian intelligence, created no
slight stir amongst the English residents in Brussels, many
of whom attach peculiar interest to East Indian news, on
account of haring resided in India or of having relations in
that quarter. The Belgian journals also attach particular
importance to the event, inasmuch as it holds out a further
hope that the Indian mail wilt finally pass through this
country. The Belgians generally most heartily wish success
to Mr. Waghorn. and their sentiments are shared by the
numerous English residents in this country.—Brussels
Herald, JIM. 9.
Mr. Barry, the architect, has been elected an asso-
date of the Royal Academy of Belgium. It is calculatxd
that the recent appeal of the Bishop of Ghent, in favour of
the poor of his diocese will produce the sum of 100,000 fr.
During the month of acember last forty vessels (6,688 tons)
entered the port of Ostend. Twenty-two of the number
were English. Steamers and fishing-boats are not included
in the above forty. During the year 1846, 729 vessels
(including 462 English) entered Ostend.
ANTWERP. - The Commercial and Industrial
Association of Antwerp has taken steps for providing the
poor with bread at 10c. below the normal price. Baron de
Rothschild, in addition to the 1,000 francs contributed by
him towards the relief of the general poor of Brussels, has
forwarded an equal sum for the benefit of poor Jews. The
Nuremberg Correspondent asserts that King Leopold has at
last accepted the post of mediator between France and Eng-
land. At the last meeting of the ironmuters of this country
it was resolved not to raise the price of raw iron. The pay-
ment of the indemnities for the losses incurred by pillage,
&c., during the Belgian revolution, will commence on the
Ist of next month.

ITALY.—Rome..—THE NEW CARDINAL/L-11M
Holiness Pope Pius IX. held, on the 21st ult., a secret
consistory, in which, after a brief allocution, he created and
proclaimed cardinals of the holy Roman Church Mgr. Gaetan
Baluffi, Archbishop of Imola, born at Ancona on the 29th
March, 1;8.8, of the order of priests and of the order of
deacons; Mgr. Peter Marini, governor of Rome, vice-cham-
berlain and director-general of the police, born at Rome on
the bth October, 1794. His Holiness also created and reserved
in petto two other cardinal.. His Eminence Cardinal
Acton, instead of the title of Santa Maria della
Pace, received that of Saint Marc. In a postscript,
dated December 25, we read that the following prelates
are sent to the leg tions :—Ancona, Mgr. Rusconi ;
Pennies, Mgr. Consolini ; Asooli, Mgr. Diehl ; Rieti, Mgr.
Badia. The ca-delegates of Perouza, M,^r. Belgrsdo and
Mgr. Serapini, will be clerk of the chamber and votants
of the signature. Three new domestic prelates are named
Mgr. Sbaretti, who was tin years Vicar-General of Imola
when the Pope was bishop there. Second, Mgr. Rufini, an
advocate, and not in any religious order, and Mgr. Bruni,
ex-lieutenant of the government. On the 24th, Cardinal
Pietro Marini received the hat and took the usual oath. The
Bishop of Imola, Cardinal Baluffi, had not yet come to Rome
to receive the hat. He was Bishop of Bagnorea, Extraordi-
nary Legate to New Grenada, Archbishop of Camerino,
Secretary of the Congregation of Bishops and regulars, and
finally Bishop of Imola.
PERIODICAL LITERATURE.— A correspondent of
the Atheneruns communicates some interesting statistics of
the press of Italy "A Turin paper," he says,' entitled /1
Mon& Illuatroto, enumerates the journals published in each
state of Italy in the years 1836 and 184-5, together with the
population; thus showing the advance which this branch of
literature has made within the last nine years, and the pro-
portion of the population for each journal. The table is as
follows:
Popular.*
tea Ms to etch
intusal.
Province of Lombardy 2l 30 65,000
Prawns* M Vents*
Sardinia IS 90 143,000
=of 11.6=sm Lama ll IS 74,000
14 BO,OOO
The FopepTgaselsims
Kingdom of the Two Similso 62 61 122,000
•
171 105 702,000
Taking this table as beta; mane indication of the degree of
mental progress in Italy, it will appear that the Pope's States
have made a Foster advance than any other portion of the
peninsula, whilst the Venerim States have made a retro-
re movement—the first part of this statement being, per-
haps, almost contrary to e- rpectation. But then we must not
forget that the Pope's S' rtes embrace Bologna—almost the
most enlightened and in alependeut-spirited portion of Italy.
The Lombard province,, though they have made but • slight
progress within the lret nine years, are supplied with jour-
nal. better, it seems, in relation to the population, than any
other portion of Italy; and, indeed, any oae coming from
the south, and rem raining some little time at Milan, will
perceive that he among,: • people wider awake, and
more under the i rivigorating influences of northern civili-
sation. The wr art supplied are the Sardinian States—
then the Venet, en—thi n the Neapolitan. Now, the first
and last of t* awe are completely under the dominion
of the lesnits 1. and so severe is the censure of the pre,
t kingdom of the Two Sicilia, that it is diffi-
cult to get c anything sanctionrel for printing or publication.
What wonder is it, then, that • literary famine should be
the consareenee ? Besides those above mentioned, seventeen
journals I,D the Italian language were published in 1836 in
Luganc., Magliari, Paris, Itiveredo, Trieste, and Zara ;
whilst, in 1845, others were published in Malta-Fiume, Con-
stant inople, Corfu, and Montevideo. Having thus disposed
of Italy, the writer in It .Hondo' /1/ustrato proceeds to give
• statement of similar particulars with respect to the other
states of Europe, and thus silently institutes a comparison
between them and the Peninsula. Thu,sadopting the same
arrangement u in the other table, he gives the number of
;journals in the first column, and the relative popalation for
each journal in the second :
Aunt,* including the Lassbartio.renerlitoJournals. Population.
Kingdom
German Conledenitiem Amtrian and Petu-
nias DepeolsuMsa ischnled
Mums 1114
Belgium
Great Main
Russia
Numerically considered, then, France, Belgium, at47tlie
German are better supplied than Great Britain
withpettloAlal9 whilst Russia and the Austrian provinces