The Express.
London, England, 1862-08-26 00:00:00

HIGH HATA' AT LONDON MUM.

MIS DAT Morslag. 211. fin.....Alionoess. fl Ma.
To-rolutow—MarWas, ft.. lisi.. ..Aftersoom ft. 26e.

LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 26.

PARLIAMENT has gone to the provinces, to the
moors, or to the Alps, and therefore politics are
somewhat out of date. But, no doubt, a month
ago the news which hu just arrived from Canada
would have produced a lively debate in the House
of Commons. The effect produced upon the
Canadian mind by the discussion which took place
on Mr. ADDERLEY'S motion touching the colonial
defences, has now reached us, and it is singularly
consistent with the effect which was anticipated
by those who had fairly considered the subject
in this country. It is impossible to deny that the
Canadians look with considerable interest and
some anxiety to opinions expressed by the states.
men and the people of this country as to their
conduct on the subject of their military de-
fence. They certainly rejoice at the prospect
that the Imperial troops who have been despatched
to the other side of the Atlantic, and who are
paid for out of the Imperial treasury, are not to
be withdrawn. They appreciate the importance
of the presence of these troops in a military and
in a social point of view. They appear
satisfied that this country is prepared to
defend the colony against all invaders, and
at any expense, however great. They are grateful
for the opportunity afforded to their wives and
daughters of having their ball-rooms adorned with
eligible partners. But at the same time they do
not hesitate to express their conviction that the
presence of the troops is unnecessary, and that if
the Imperial Government persists in keeping them
in Canada the Imperial Treasury must pay for
them. The Canadians, in short, have achieved
a practical independence. They do not
underrate the advantages which they derive
from their connexion with the great British empire.
But, admitting this, they do not hesitate to assert
their right to manage their own affairs or to accept
the consequences of this principle. As the Toronto
Glohc distinctly says : " The Canadian people un-
" derstand their own rights and duties as well
" as the editor of the Times or any member of the
" Imperial Parliament. They will adhere to the
" one and perform the other without regard to
" what is said by people on the other side of the
" Atlantic who know nothing about them." There
is little doubt that this colonial journal accurately
expresses the opinions of the great majority of the
Canadians in both provinces. it is idle to suppose
that these views can be modified to any material
degree. They are absolutely fixed ; and therefore
the sooner the Itliniaters in Downing-street and the
people in this country learn to acquiesce in these
views, the better will it be for themselves and for
the British taxpayers.

What then is the view which the Canadians
take of the relations which now subsist between
themselves and the mother country ? They are
simple enough. There is, indeed, only one single
matter in which the Imperial Government attempts
to interfere with the Colonial Government, and
that is in the matter of colonial defence. The
Imperial Government has expressed its dissatir
faction with the mode in which the Canadians
have made provision for the case of invasion. Not
only the QUEEN'S Ministers have declared that the
colonists ought to make more efficient preparation to
meet an invasion, but they have directed the Colo-
nial Governor to urge these views upon the colonists.
These views of the Imperial Government have
long been pressed upon the local Government
in vain ; the news which has just arrived from
Canada enables us to see how far that is supported
by the colonist& The position occupied by the
Canadians is obvious enough ; nor from the
Canadian point of view is there any doubt that
that position is unimpeachable.
The case is very clear. " You have sent us
" some 12,000 excellent troops, and you ask
" us to pay for them," say the Canadians to the
Colonial Minister. But they reply : "We have
" never asked for them—we don't want them, and,
" therefore, your demand is not only unreasonable
" but unjust." The Western Province is filled with
English and Scotch settlers. It is eminently British
in its desires, and the Toronto Globe, one of the
most popular journals in the Western Province,
fairly represents the opinions of those who are the
most earnest advocates of the British con-
nexion. That journal may be taken as the
exponent of the Western Colonists, and what
does it say 1 With a full knowledge of all that
was uttered in Parliament by Mr. ADDEBLEY, by
Sir Cosiaxwani. Lawns, and by Mr. Rosaucx, these
are its words : "The Trent affair was an Imperial
" and not a Colonial question, and the troops were
" despatched here by the Imperial authorities
" withon t any demand being made by our Colonial
" Goveroment. The cause of the despatch of
" the troops was Imperial, the act Imps-
" riaL Surely no Englishman will yen-
" ture to say that we should have paid the ex-
" peones of those troops." It is impossible to
gainsay this opinion. If the Imperial Government
doubts the sincerity of the Canadian people to
maintain their independence—or if it thinks them
incapable of judging as to whether there is any
danger of invasion—if, in short, the Imperial
Government prefers to place reliance upon their
own officers instead of placing reliance upon the re-
sponsible Ministers of the Colony, then the Imperial
Government must adopt their own course, and the
Imperial treasury must supply the means for de-
fraying the expenses of pursuing that course. The
Ministers in the Colony must not by force be made

.LXP4F

responsible for expenses which they thit4/101,..
necessary, and as they were Lot consulAtisa to
sending out British trAls, "other, aL aey
were despatched to Canada against thiiir will, "the
British Ministers who sent them must supply the
means of paying them.
The truth is that neither at the time of the
Trent affair, nor at any prior period, have the
Canadians had the slightest fear of danger from the
Americans. The Ministers in this country were
hoodwinked by the Staff officers of the regular
army who were sent out to organize a system of
national defence. There is no reason to believe
that the Canadians are less determined than any
other people to maintain their independence.
It is notorious that in Canada the party of
annexation to America has always been insignificant,
and the events which are now taking place in
the United States have indisposed the Canadians
still more to any such idea. If there were any
probability of an invasion of Americans, there is
no doubt that the ranks of the Canadian Militia
would be rapidly filled. But such an event is
considered practically impossible, and therefore it
is idle to suppose that any insolence or threats of
the people in this country will have any
effect upon the Canadians. To quote once more
the Toronto Globe on this subject : "If anyone
" imagines that by speeches in the Imperial Par-
" liament or by the bullying of the Times news-
" paper the people of Canada can be forced to
" rush into an extravagant expenditure and draw
" immense numbers of the population from their
" peaceful pursuits to guard against the danger of
" a war which they think will never happen, he
"makes a grievous mistake."
The Canadians may be right or they may be
wrong in their opinion. But in either case it is
obvious that the conduct of the Colonial Minister
is without justification. No one in these days
proposes to maintain the connexion between
Canada, or indeed any other colony, and this
country, against their will. If Canada desires
absolute freedom, she may have it to-morrow. If
she desires to remain as she is, that also is within
her power—but upon one condition. As she
enjoys the privilege of independence, she
must also undertake to bear its burdens.
Of these burdens none is more essential
than that of providing for her own defence.
Of the weight of this obligation Canada must be
allowed to be the best judge. In case of immi-
nent danger the Imperial Government would no
doubt send out an adequate force. But no such
danger presses. On the contrary, the Canadians
insist that there is not the remotest prospect of any
such peril. They refuse to adopt any system of
defence which could be made practically available
for many weeks. This country is bound to adopt
the same principle. The Imperial resources are to
supplement, not to replace, those of the Colony.
To despatch Imperial troops, even in case of im-
minent danger, to a colony unprovided with an
efficient local army, would be questionable enough ;
but to persist in maintaining a body of Imperial
troops, who in case of invasion would be practically
useless, and who, in the actual state of affairs, are
considered by the colonists absolutely useless, is an
act of extravagant folly which passes human
understanding.

The Indipenclance says that her Royal Highness
the Princess Clementine, wife of Prince Augustus of Saxe-
Coburg, has left for Spa with her family. The Princess
will await there the arrival of the Queen of England in
Germany.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess
de Mootpensier (Infanta of Spain), with Princess Labelle
and the rest of the family, attended by two ladies in waiting
and Colonel Velarde, aide•de.cemp to his Royal Highness,
and a numerous suite, have arrived at the Clarendon Hotel,
Albemarle-street, from St. Leonard'.

The Earl and Countess Russell, accompanied by
Lord Amberley and tidy Georgians Russell, arrived on
Saturday night at Pembroke-lodge, Richmond-park, from
Holyhead, where they slept the previous night on their way
home from Ireland.

His Excallency Count Eielmansegge has arrived
at his estates is Holstein ft= Hanover.

The Duke and Duchess of Buceleuch come to
tows to-day hors their seat sear Southampton.

The Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland, who, on
leaving Vichy, proceeded on a tour in Germany, has arrived
at Stafford bolos, St. James's, from the Continent, her
return home being hastened by the serious illness of Vis-
owlet Be'grave.

The Marquis and Marchioums of Westminster
and Lady Theodora Grosvenor returned from Paris last
week, and have since been staying with the Berl and Coun-
tess of Macclesfield at Sherborn Castle, Oxon.

The Marquis and Marchiouess of Bath, with their
infant eon and heir, have left their tempontry residenoe in
Stable-yard, St. James's, for Longleat, Wilts, for the
91111000.

The Marchioness (Dowager) of Lothian and Lady
Alice Kerr felt town a few days ago for Paris, with the
intention of passing a few weeks in that capital.

The Earl of Chesterfield has left the St. George's
Hotel.

The Earl of Dslkeith, K P., comes to town to-
day.

The Earl and Countess of Boctive have left Un_
derlay Hall, Kirkby Lansdale, for Kiaseageo.

The Countess of Dunmore and daughter have
Wt Oaritos-hoagie-terrace for the family seat in Scotland.

Viscount and Viwountesi Palmerston, who came
to town hat evening from Weimer Castle, will leave Cam.
bridge House to-morrow for Melbourne, her ladyship's
family seat in Derbyshire.

Viscount Castlerosse Nosed through town yester-
day, from St. Leonards-oa-Sea, es route for his seat, Killar•
ney, Ireland.

Lord and Lady Carrington and the Hon. Miss
Carrington are making a tour of the German spas, and are
not expected home before the kWr end of next month.
Lord Richard Grosvenor, M.P., and the Hon.
James Stuart Wortley (brother of Lord Wherneliffe), took
their departure, on Saturday, for a tour in Turkey. They
are likely to be absent abroad for several months.

Lord Huntingfield has left the St. George's
Hotel.

Lord and Lady Arthur Hay are on a tour in
Aurtria.

Lady de Rothschild and Miss de Rothschild
have left town for Ryde, Isle of Wight, for a few days.
Sir John and Lady Pollen have left Weymouth
for Hampshire.

Sir George and Lady Jervis bave left the SI
George's Hotel.

Sir George and Lady Turnley have arrived at
Boathook from London.

Mr. Disraeli, M.P., ban accepted an invitation to
be present at the annual show and dinner of the North
West Bucks Agricultural Association, wbich are to be held
at Buckingham, on Wednesday, the 17th of September.

The Right Hon. Frederick Peel, M.P., and Mrs.
Peel leave town to-day for Hampton•in-Arden, Warwick-
shire.

Mr. and Madame de Karamzino have arrived at
the Clarendon Hotel from Paris.

Madame P4reire and family have left the Claren-
don Hotel for Scotland.

The arrangements for the Gladstone banquet at
Newcastle (we learn from the local Chronick) probed satis-
factorily. Some sixty gentlemen have agreed to act as
stewards. Tickets for the dinner will be ready oo Septem-
ber 16. Three invitations have been sent to Mr. Gladstone
to attend meetings the day after the dinner. One from the
Mechanics' Institutes Union, another from the Literary aed
Pbiloeophical Society, amid another from the Osteshmd Me-
chanics' Institution.

'B4

Dispatches were received yeeterdsy at the Co.
lonia-office from the Lord High 001111011160007 of the lonian
'also& sod from the Governor of Canada.

:EST '
HIINCY AND 4,44.
PROCLAMATION OF GARIVIALDI AND

SXPIiOiS N1L0.% NAIL.
, •

jUSDAY EVESIN-er TvGUST 26,

.tsposi 001 ows coassarosnirr.T
PARIS. Morroar Emmet+.
The Italian government is to all appearance
playing a new part. Generals Cugia and Mella
are recalled, the former being accused of dallying
with dangers, the latter of military incapacity in
allowing Garibaldi to get into Catania. Are these
men sacrificed to save the credit of the govern-
ment ? Has the whole affair been a comedy ? Such
are the questions asked here. The Turin correspon-
dent of the Franca gives the following version of the
cause that has led to the series of repressive mea-
sures now resorted to by the government. He
states that Sir James Hudson, in a recent inter-
view with General Durando, asked him whether the
government felt itself sufficiently strong to domi-
nate the Sicilian movement without foreign inter-
vention. General Durando replied in the affirma-
tive, and added that he felt confident of getting the
rebellion under - within a week. Hereupon Sir
James expressed his satisfaction, because otherwise,
he said, the Emperor, who bad brought about the
recognition of Italy by Russia and Prussia, might
think himself authorised to interfere in the inte-
rests of order. The Italian foreign minister observed
that there was little danger of this, as it would be';
an infraction of the principle of non-intervention.
Now the principle of non-intervention is a very ex-
cellent thing, but there is no greater difficulty in
drivingtwoor three coaches and four through it than
there is through an English act of parliament.
So, doubtless, thinks the ex-King of Naples, when
he resolves, as the report goes (not confirmed to-day
by the bye), to go and pay his respects to Vesuvius.
Reports are rife as to preparations in the French j
war department for Italian eventualities. An
army of 25,000 men, with a marshal to command, I
is talked of. I believe these things are all
mere reports, nevertheless it is useless to
attempt to shut our eyes to the extreme
danger of the situation. It appears to be an au-
thenticated fact that Garibaldi has left Catania,
and it is reported that be has landed in Calabria ;
but this requires confirmation. I believe there is
truth in the statement that he has offered to sur-
render to the King personally, but not to the King's
government. This comes to me, at least, direct
from Turin.

As you will have learnt, the Moniteur has this
day broken silence on the great question of the
day. The oracle, however, is as mysterious
as ever. It tells us nothing but what we knew
before. Nobody ever supposed that the army
of France would retreat from Rome before
the " insolent menaces" of Garibaldi, any more
than anybody ever believed that the military
honour of the French army had anything to do with
the matter ; and we needed not have searched the
official journal of the empire to find such a plati-
tude as that " the world must well know that
France does not abandon in dangers those over
whom she throws bur protection." We are en-
tangled in a political complication, we have self-
arrogated opinions raining from soi-disant semi-
official organs, and what we want is to know from
the Mouiteur whetter there is or is not any hope
of the disentanglement of this political complica-
tion by the only hand capable of the achievement.
All other points are irrelevant, and do but tend to
make confusion more confoun. I ed. The general tone of
the evening papers is that of disappointment on the
occasion. The Opinion Nationale says :—" This
note, very distinct and precise iu its terms, explains
nothing as to the main question. . . . What
to us is most evident from it is that we shall re-
main in Rome till the death of Pius LX." The
Temps rigs the note does not engage the future ;
but as between the Constitutional and the Frame,
it gives the greater weight to the opinions of the
latter. The France itself sees only through its own
spectacles, and sings pwaus. The Patric appears
to think the declaration of the Moniteur means
little or nothing. It says :
It wisely condemns doubts uselessly expressed, and which
answered so little to the true preoccupations of the public
opinion. These preoccupations were, in fact, not to know
what France would do in presence of the attacks of Gari-
baldi . . . But what justly preoccupies the public mind is
to know whether Ganbaldi's /clic de low-herr, is likely to
immobilise the Roman question, or merely to retard its
solution. We persist in thinking that the Roman question
and the interests depending upon it are placed above the
insurrectional ►ttempts of Garibaldi, and that French
diplomacy will remain as impassive before the menaces of
the revolution Si our soldiers before the volunteers of
Catania.