The Express.
London, England, 1848-03-31 00:00:00

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DENMARK.

ALLEOED COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES
BETWEEN DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.

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SLESWIG HOLSTEIN. —Mtwas or THit
SLESWIO IiOLEFEN DEPOSATION.—ANSWEiI OF THII
et
deputation arrived early on the mozinsi
et the 26th at Kiel, and as soon as they
lisatened to the market-place, where they read the
following answer, which they had received at Copen-
hagen :
In reply to your petition, we have to make known to you
that we are disposed to grant to our duchy of Hot.
stein, es an independent German federal state, a free
constitution, founded upon a comprehensive elective
of
system, in which shall be included the right
national armament, freedom of the press, and li-
berty of association. That. in pursuance of the same
ear Duchy of Holstein, independently of a peculiar
government and military armament, should likewise have
distinct finances, so soon as the mutual arrangements, in-
cluding among other conditions a union with Denmark and
Sleswig, shall have been consolidated. That we will openly
use ear endeavoun for the institution of an approved and pea
pear German parliament.. That we have neither the right nor
the power nor the inclination to inzorporate our Duchy
of Sleswig in the German Confederation. That on
the contrary we earnestly desire the indissoluble
union of Sleswig with Denmark, by means of a
general free constitution; and at the same time are
determined to secure the independence of Sleswig by
extended provincial and especially bl a distinct
diet tad a distinct dministration. At the same time we de-
sire to inform you that it is our earnest wish to ooneolidnte
the peace and liberty of our co,intry in perfect harmony
with our beloved and faithful subjects. That we also cons'.
der it as the sacred duty of the lawful prince to protect the
sovereignty of the law and the maintenance of the peace of
the country with all his power.—Given at Copenhagen,
March 24.—Countersigned, Aw. MOLTCKE,
It is said that the ultra-Danish party completely
govern the King and public opinion. The Sleswig-
Holstein deputation were conveyed to the boat by a
circuitous route, and the students had the greatest
difficulty in protecting them to the palace.
The former President of Sleswig, Chancellor von
Scheel, was to have been exposed to popular derision,
but it was determined that he should merely indem-
nify the city of Sleswig, for the dishonour cast upon
her in having been numbered among her citizens, by
immediately quitting. As he was about to address
the persons assembled, to convince them of his Ger-
man sentiments, such an expression of disdain was
manifested, that he is said to have lost his senses.
Great preparations have been made at Rendsburg,
which is now in a complete state of defence, to repel
any attack of the Danes.
The Provisional Government harty published
edicts on the freedom of the press, right of popular
assemblies, and the burgher guard.
The Electrio Telegraph Company's express fur-
nishes us with the following important additional
particulars, received at Hull by the screw-steamer
Marshall, which left Hamburg on the 28th :
The Borsenhalle of the 27th says that, in conse-
quence of the change in the Danish ministry, the
King has determined, if need be, on the conquest of
Sleswig by Denmark.
KIEL, MARCH 26.—News has arrived of the com-
mencement of hostilities between the Germans and
Danes at Frederic-Stadt, which town is now

burning.
Extract from a private letter " The King of
Prussia has acknowledged the Provisional Govern-
ment of Hohdein ; and we are expecting the saliva'
this evening of Prussian troops from Berlin, on their
way to Holstein. The King of Denmark obstinately
refuses to sanction the incorporation of Steen ig and
Holstein as an independent state."
Shortly before Captain Rhore left Hamburg on
Tuesday evening, intelligence had been received that
the King of Denmark had been shot, and that the
castle of Rendsburg had been taken by storm.

ITALY.
PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION
IN LOMBARDY.

The following letter from Lecco, dated the 24th,
contains some important facts ; amongst other matters
it makes out the lose at Milan to have been less on
both sides than as stated above :
At Venice, Padua, and Vicenza, the insurgents have
driven out the Austrians. At Bergamo a reward of 6,000
lines is offered for the capture of Pasquali, who escaped
from the city with 500 Creotians, and committed depreda-
tions in the surrounding district. At Milan the tocsin did
not cease for a moment from sounding during the whole of
the five days, in all the parish churches of the city ; nor was
there any Interruption in the firing of cannon on the part of
the military. This, however, did not check the ardour of
the brave Milanese, who, on their part, unroofed all the
houses, the beams in a great many instances being hurled on
the enemy below. The number of killed, as far as can be
ascertained, on the part of the people, is about 150; the
number of wounded at present cannot be ascertained, tkcy
being taken to the dwellings nearest the scene of action ; all
vieing with each other as to who should afford the most
ready assistance to the sufferers indiscriminately, whether
friend or foe. The Austrians (who were not sheltered as the
people were by barricades) had no less than 500 killed,
among whom were upwards of 50 officers. The city suffered
most towards Porta Cousins, being in the direct range of
the fortress. Great fears were entertained fcr the safety of
the Arco della Pace, situated immediately behind the fortress.
At Como the struggle wee very greet, the populatios, from 12
to 15,000, making upwards of 2,000 prisoners, snd having not
more than 300 muskets altogether, and hardly any ammuni-
tion, the Bale of gunpowder and lead having been prohibited
since last January. Never was victory morehumanely carried
late effect. The prisoners are confined in two churches,
Will by the people. From Como there arrived 1,000 men,
by Captain Orcioni, marched on Milan, and
with these also 250 Swim carabineers, commanded
by Sig. Giacomo Ciani. Radetzky :was mode pri-
soner at Cerseczago. The Austrians, on their retreat, carried
off their arms mid baggage, and 17 prisoners out of 150 that
they had captured on the 21st, in a melee at the muni-
cipality.
The following is an extract from a private letter,
written from Milan, on the 24th, by a member of the
Council of Safety, to a friend in London. The writer
enters: into some particulars too shocking for publica-
tion, unless authenticated beyond all question, as to
the atrocities committed by the Croatians. These we
have omitted, as there is no reference to them either
in other letters or in the newspapers of the 23rd or
24th :
Some of our leaders have been dragged away prisoners,
and others shot. We have taken some generals, many
staff officers, a thousand soldiers or more ; Bolza and his
family, Galimberti, Sicardi, the wife and daughter-in-law
of Torresani, Via-President O'Donell, all the counsellors,
and President Mestron. We have also taken many spies.
We may say, to our glue, that they all are kindly treated,
even Bolls himself. Wonderful to say, the soldiers
whom we have made prisoners wish to remain here, saying
that they are better treated by us than by the Emperor.
The iniquities committed by the Croatians exceed all
belief. Savages, cannibals could not have behaved worse.
The following proclamations were published in the
Milan Gazette of the 23rd :
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAYETY.—MILAN, MARCR 23.
Citizens: The glorious and holy cause of our regeneration
has begun with courage and is crowned with constancy, but
must be perfected with order. In order to guarantee the
safety of the people, it is necessary that a certain number of
thou citizens, who, for want of muskets, cannot take an
active part in the fray, should with their sword sustain the
orders of the Provisional Government and of its committee.
The above are therefore invited to attend our committes, in
Casa Taverna, there to be enrolled in the ranks of captains
already chosen. To defend the public papers, to prevent
malefactors from plundering precious effects, to exercise the
arm of justice, is as honourable an office as that which occu-
pies the other inhabitants, Citizens—the hour is not dietaut
when Italy shall take the lead, as of old, among civilised na-
tions. God is with the good, and you by your virtues will
show yourselves deserving of those miracles which have
during these days transformed children into guards, women
into heroines, and made peace and moderation reign in the
tumults of war and transformations of society. Viva Vitali' !
Viva Pio IX.
MILAN, MARCH 23.—Citizens: The butcher Radetaky, who
had sworn to reduce your city to miles, has not been able to
ruin you any longer. You lISTS, without arms, defeated an
army which had long enjoyed distinguished fame fer war.
like endurance and military discipline. The Austrian govern.
ment has for ever vanished from your magnificent city, But
we must energetically make our victory complete, and ac-
complish the emancipation of the remainder of Italy, with-
out which there will be no independence for you. You
have too gloriously made use of your arms to desire to hit
them down so soon. Preserve, therefore, the barricades,
and present yourselves to the war committee to inscribe
yourselves in the corps now forming. Let us have an end
for ones of foreign domination, embrace the tricoloured
flag which your valour has spread over the land, sad swear
that it shall never be torn from you. Viva Pltalia!
PROVISIONAL GOVERNYINT, MTLAN MAROS 28.—Pro-
digies of valour and moderation have stalimed our bloody
contlict. Citizens, let us not blot our . If we were
moderate in the midst of fin and blood, let us be so In the
triumph of our victory; let as remain unchangeable, with.
eat stain and without fear. Respect the lives of the pri-
sasers.-00133810 Cssan, President, MO.
PROVISIONAL GOVIRISIONT.—The Or et bread and
meat mum not be risen sines the last Cada :
Ike bake,, and betaken shall be indemnified by die coants7.
Whoever shall truisms shall be severely punished.—
Malt°, March 23.
ITALY LIBEILITZD.—VIVA into 11.-3 h- flv• days
me ended, and Milan has not a foe within her walls. Prom

-
every pert come the anxious warriors. It is neomeary to
omantee them in legions. From this time courage will not
suffice We most pane In open country an enemy which
derives every advantage from its cavalry and its artillery,
and the discipline of its forces. Therefore let us divide into
two parties ; let one remain as before to defend the barri-
cades and our city, sadist the other, completely provided with
fimarms, some cavalry, and as soon es possible flying artil-
lery, sally forth and panue the moping enemy, deter him
from rapine, cheek his steps and cut off his retreat.
As the object of our army will 'be to hasten to the summit
of the Alpe, which shall be the future frontier, and is the
boundary that God has fixed for Italy ;we shoal call this
" Legion the First, Army of the Frontier, Army of the
Alpo. The defenders of the city shall be called, ' Legion
the Second;" end in order to accomplish a grand Italian in-
stitution, " The Calk Guard." Valiant men who come to
us from all parts, unite yourselves to the army and the
guards. As your imperfect armament requires you to do,
unite yourselves obey the commands of your brothers, your
commanders shall be elected by you. the Army of
the Alps! viva the Civic Guard.—The War Committee,
Futuna) Lima, 010E1010 CLIRICI.
Nothing could repress the enthusiasm of the
Bolognese, who crossed the frontier, and marched
upon Modena.

NAPLES, MARca 22.

Mingled with the thousand and one rumours con-
stantly altat here, the most certain fact of which I can ,end
you intelligence is contained in a telegraphic despatch from
Messina by the Minister of War and Mange from the Com-
mander-in-Chisf of Messina, dated March 19, 10 cm. It
states that on the 17th and 18th March silence was m►in-
tained on bath sides. On the 18th it was observes that the
people were working. at the batteries ; and the English com-
manding officer was Informed that the citadel would fire if
these operations were continued, end the " Cornitato " were

apprised of it.
Up to yesterday no answer bad been returned to the de-
mands of the Sicilians ' • and it is impossible to foresee what
will be the policy punned by the government. The general
feeling seems to be in favour of leaving the Sicilians to them-
selves, u it is considered inconsistent with the dignity
and honour of Smiles to make the required coaceasions, and
that the best means of bringing them to their senses
would be to leave them to their own resources. I don't
think that any arrangement can be come to upon the
basis of what the Sicilians ask, end unless their tone is •
little lowered, the matter will end in the declaration of
their independence, soon after the opening of their parlia-
ment on the 25th. Rumour says that they have been eager
for an English or a German prince. The only hope of some
arrangement is in the fact of Lord Minto's protracted stay
in Sicily ; farther than this nothing can be said. Things
go on at Palermo with the same order ea if there was an
established independent government there. Ruggiero,l
Milani, Fames, Pi ani, and %Inane° Ersante have been ,1
sleeted members for Palermo, and till are looking forward
eagerly to next Saturday, when the Sicilian parliament mute.
Later intelligence of the 20th, girt n in the Rigenerazion as
declares that firing had commenced at Wising ; and
se this tallies with the telegraphic despatch of the 19th,
threatening such an act, I am inclined to receive it. The
people and the king's troops mutually accuse each other of
a violation of the armistice, by continuing operations.
On dig this morning that the Thetis fired fore-and
aft of the Vesuvio, which was attempting to pus the
Straits with British colours; that • commission has
been sent to Malta with a view to negotiate the purchase
of a vessel of war ; that the same commission is going to
England with the same object ; that a man fleeing from
an infuriated mob in Palermo. who sought his lite, took
refuge in the house of Lord Mints, and was defended by
him. As a fact, you may receive that the Maria Christina
came in from Messina with Neapolitan prisoners, delivered
up or sent off by the Idessinese.
As regards Naples, the same distrust appears to continue
between King and people, arising, I verily believe, as much
from a great social defect as from any peculiar recent circum-
stances. '1 here is throughout the nation a want of
fede." Rumours are always afloat of changes in the ministry,
who are extremely unpopular—no one seems to know why.
We are within six weeks of the meeting of parliament, and as
yet it is undecided who are to be the candidates, or where is
to be the place of meeting. This can scarcely be set down
to a want of business-like habi' it, but rather to goners] apathy
and indiffeience. lam glad to say that the just view of the
expulsion of the Jesuits seems to be very generally taken ;
yet notwithstanding the illegality of the act, I cannot help
thinking that their leaving just now is a fortunate
circumstance, fee this reascn amongst others—that, during
Lent, the military devote eight days to devotional exercises,
when they are all confessed, and the ministry of these exer-
cises, for almost the entire garrison of Naples was in the
hands of the Jesuits. By the bye, many of the Jesuits, who
were seapolitans, are said to have secularised and returned
I to Naples—others proceeds dto Malta. If so, and it is generally
believed, we have amongst us a set of men, smarting under
injury, spoiled of their wealth, and reduced to comparative
poverty, still retaining, however, the power of insinuat-
mg their venom through society. The alarm of Saturday
might still continue a profound mystery. The papers call it
• false alarm. Some say that the King, who had not been
out for many days, and was too timid to go to the Church of
San Giuseppe on the Sendai morning without guards,
adopted this ruse in order to have the military about him.
Others, again, assert that Tofani, the prefect of police, re-
ceived at midnight information that there was danger of •
rising during the night in favour of a republic. I think that
the calling out of all the troops and artillery, and the fact 1
that the men were standing by the cannon with their matches
ready lighted, cannot be explained, except upon the supposi-
tion of some imminent danger.
Since writing the above, I have heard it confirmed that a
man, who was the brother of Scouts°, actually was pur-
sued by an armed mob into the house, nay, it is said, the
very room, of Lord t
arn who, by threats of consequences,
saved him. Scovarzo ved here by the Superb. My
authority is good.
From two officers of the Neapolitan navy I have it, that
they are ordered off for Sicily, and that the troops are all to be
brought back to Naples—the inference for which is, that
Sicily is to be abandoned to its fate. Why then does the
English fleet remain off Palermo? It is a very general
opinion here, that England regards this state of things
with satisfaction ; and many firmly believe that Sicily will
shortly be under British protection.

POLAND.—News is said to have reached town
tut evening from Berlin, of the 27th, u follows:—" Warsaw
is in open revolution. The inhabitants rose en »tam, and
murdered several hundreds of the Russians. The troops fled
to the fort, and from thence bombarded the town. Warsaw
is in ashes. To-morrow the Prussian-Polish legion departs
from here, at the King's expense, in a special train." Ihe
German journals since received, up to the 28th, do not con-
firm this.