The Express.
London, England, 1847-11-09 00:00:00

employers will be consummated by the ruin of the
employed.
What is wanted to ensure the permanent prosperity
of both employers and employed is an equalisation of
the supply and the demand of labour; or, at all
events, a reduction of the destructive inequality now
existing. " I cannot but think," said Mr. MeatVALE,
the new Under-Secretary of the Colonial Department,
to the University of Oxford, when its Professor of
Political Economy, and it will now be the learned
gentleman's duty to enforce the truth on Earl GREY,
and to urge that intelligent nobleman to work it oat
practically—" I cannot but think that anyone who has
Impartially examined the present condition of these
islands will see that sooner or later this result—the
lowering of wages—must arrive. The only choice is
between the ruin of the capitalist and the labouring
class together, and the proper adjustment of the rela-
tions between labour and capital. The present
[Mr. MKILIYALE is speaking of 1841] rate of
wages is maintained only by the unnaturally
enhanced price of sugar. The naoment that Ass mires
way, if a reasonably cheap supply If labour be not
introduced, the whole social system reel sire way with
it." The period foreseen by the new Under-Secretary
has arrived : the acts of parliament by which the
primer West Indian sugar was enhanced in this country
have been successively repealed ; sugar is now low in
price beyond the anticipations of the most sanguine
free-trader; and, as Mr. MERIVALE foretold, the
social system in the Antilles is giving way. Capital,
its key-stone, is rapidly disappearing; the cultivation
of sugar is endangered ; the tastes of the negro
acquired by the possession of wealth are in hazard ;
and the gradual relapse from comparative civilisation
to a very backward state will, unless averted, soon
commence sad rapidly go on. And what has govern-
ment, which thus by its acts lowered the price of sugar,
done to lower the price of labour—what has it done
" to introduce a reasonably cheap supply of labour"—
what has it done to avert the downfall of the whole
social system ? Nothing effectual—nothing that has
had any influence on wages. What will it do now
that it has called to its service the abilities and the
knowledge of Mr. NIERIVALE ? This is the question
which Lord Jolts RUSSELL undertook on Friday last
to bring under the consideration of the cabinet.
In the midst of the general depression of the West
Indian Colonies, there is one remarkable exception—
there is one large island which is able to compete
with slave sugar countries: and the reason of its
ability is most instructive. Barbadoes is struggling
through the contest between free and slave labour
successfully. Estates in that island are still saleable
at fifteen years' purchase : whereas, in the colonies of
Jamaica, Guiana, and Trinidad, sales are not practi-
cable for a satisfactory settlement at any price. Yet
in soil, climate, and in energetic proprietary, Jamaica,
Guiana, and Trinidad are quite equal to Bar-
badoes. The difference consists in the comparative
densities of population. The cause of Barbadian
prosperity is, that the means of subsistence there
presses on, and stimulates, labour. In Trinidad the
average work of the peasantry does not exceed four
or five hours a day, and they are paid by task,
according to the nature of the work; but in Bar-
badoes they give a good day's work for comparatively
a low day's wage—say tenpence or a shilling.
The prosperity of Barbadoes is founded on abun-
deuce of labour. Can any reasonable being then
doubt that, with similar abundance, the whole Antilles
would be equally prosperous? Not Mr. MERIVSLE,
we are sure.

WE expected little from those meetings in Dublin
dignified by the name of councils, and we have not
been disappointed. It gives us no satisfaction to see
a number of gentlemen assembling at the Rotundo,
or anywhere else, as it were merely to establish the
fact of their lamentable inconsequence of ideas
and incapacity for business. We never wish to use
the term " Irish" sarcastically ; but it is impossible,
speaking with any sincerity, to avoid remarking that
our Irish neighbours have a logic of their own, and a
way of proceeding in public business, which distin-
guishes them broadly from the people of this country.
Take as an instance the first sentence of
the speech of Mr. FAGAN, member for the city of
Cork—a place whose representatives might be ex-
pected to possess some of the qualities that give a man
weight in " council." He rose to second a resolution,
and said "he came there without having any pre-
pared speech in his mind, and would, therefore, lay
before the meeting the ideas which had occurred to
him in the order which had suggested itself since he
came into the room." What a promising exordium to
an oration by a pillar of the state—a man sent from
Cork to Dublin, and about to proceed from Dublin to
London, to direct a government and enlighten a
senate ! The " order" of Mr. FAGAN'S ideas may be
conjectureJ, and the value of them also. We
have been in the habit of nailing such order
by the name of hocus-pocus; but wo confess
it is a method admirably suited to the ideas to be
arranged. There is not an idea worth one farthing
in Mr. FAGAN'S speech—indeed nothing that can be
called an idea at all; we read it, and ask, but ask in
vain, what is it about ? what does it suggest ? what
does Mr. FAGAN want? what does the member for
Cork propose? And yet this gentleman takes upon
him to lecture Lord CLARENDON, and talk of blunders
made by the government : to be sure he graciously
admits that they were " committed under peculiar
and trying circumstances." How gratifying it must
be to government to have its faults so tenderly dealt
with by a man of Mr. FAGAN'S weight! The next
"councillor" who spoke was Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN.
The resolution he proposed was as follows :
That while we fully recognise the claim to subsistence of
all our fellow-countrymen, we consider it but equitable that
the necessary charge for the relief of the cleats* should
not be borne exclusively by any particular class or slaws,
bat should be shared by the community at lama. That,
with this object, we would suggest that an illoolll* Of pro-
perty tax should be imposed in Ireland, the proceeds of which
should be applied to the relief of the destitute, in aid of
local taxation ; and in the case of absentees we deem ft
expedient that the per tentage of such tax should be Mahar
than in other cases.
This was seconded by Mr. JOHN O'CoNNELL, who
commenced in a manner intensely Irish, by stating
that it was understood that " they were not to be con-
sidered pledged to any resolution which they pro-
posed or seconded ; in fact, that the resolutions;
were to be considered merely as affording them °ppm.
tunities of speaking their minds upon the various
topics of importance to the country, and not as_ tin*
mg themselves to any particular measures." linala,
farce we have here! What is to be said of this, bat ,1
that the meeting where it was uttered must have
been held expressly to burlesque the proceedings of
sensible men ? It is the first time we ever heard of a
body of men meeting to resolve, and not pledged by
their resolutions. Mr. JOHN 'CoNNELL's notion of
a resolution is as comic as anything to be found in
RABELAIS, or SWIFT. But the sole object was
evidently talking ; to have something, or nothing, to
meet and talk about; and a resolution for an income
tax answered as well as anything else ; it gave: those
gentlemen "an opportunity of speaking" what they
call " their minds. The question is, how the country
is the better for this speaking of minds? How doss
it help us in our difficulties? Of what use is it to
poor benighted Lord CLARENDON, who has of course
been anxiously expecting a flood of light from the
Rotundo to direct his steps and save him from the
commission of any more "blunders"? We are glad
to see that one or two gentlemen objected to be
stultified by passing resolutions to which not evil
mover and aeconder were to be pledged. But the objectors
were in a sad minority. Mr. O'BRIEN thought the
objection "unreasonable." " They were not legis-
lating," he said, "but merely expressing opinions
conveying their meaning as much as they possibly
could. He entirely approved of the motion." his
certainly a great satisfaction to think that Mr.
O'BRIEN, Mr. FAGAN, Mr. JOHN O'CONNELL, and
their fellows, were "not legislating" upon this oc-
casion. It is frightful to think of such legislators.
We should as soon think of choosing WILL O'WisP and
JACK O'LANTERN for our leaders as Mr. WILLIAM 8.
O'BRIEN and Mr. JOHN O'CoNNELL. It would be
difficult to say which pair of O's—the men or the
meteors—would lead one furthest astray.
There is one idea certainly prominent enough in
the speeches of the wise men at the Rotundo—aver-
sion to the poor-law. The selfish instincts are much
stronger than the intellectual powers of these Irish
gentlemen. " Anything but the poor-law; it is
. - it

menu Sir Lectus O'BRIEN, than from a legal provi-
sion for the poor, which has not made the peo:le of
England idlers. The only sensible observation made
at this ostentatious meeting fell from Mr. KEOGH,
member for Athlone, who said " he looked upon the
distress as being temporary, and thought it could be
removed by the exertions of the landholders of Ire-
land, if they thought fit to use them." This speech
was, of course, received with that silence which does
not signify assent at public meetings.

Our Paris despatches of Sunday have arrived. The
journals continue to be occupied with the affairs of
Switzerland and Italy.
The King and Queen of the Belgians left St
Cloud on Saturday, and arrived in Brussels that
afternoon.
It is announced in a semi-official form that the
Post-office authorities are seriously occupied with •
project for accelerating the despatch of the mails be-
tween Paris and London.

The Madrid mails of the 2nd inst. have arrived;
the usual rapid shifting of the figures in the political
phantasmagoria goes on. M. Pacheco, the ex-Prime
Minister, who has scarcely arrived at his embassy at
Rome, has been superseded by M. Martinez de la
Rosa, and M. Morrano Lopez has been replaced at
the Hague by M. Bazo.
Private letters say that General Espartero has de-
clined the London embassy, and that he has received
an order not to enter Spain.
On the evening of the Ist alarming reports were
spread at Madrid ; the officers of the different regi-
ments in garrison there were ordered to remain night
and day at their respective quarters ; rumours of
ministerial changes were everywhere circulated, and
it was admitted by the partisans of the government
that extraordinary measures of precaution were
adopted, the cause of which, however, did not
transpire.
General Roe de Olano, the intimate friend of Gene-
ral Serrano, resigned the ministry of public instruc-
tion on the let. It was said that the portfolio had
been offered to and refused by M. Pidal ; it was also
offered to M. Burgos and M. °liven.
The Eco del Contereio, alluding to the case of the
singer Mirall who had been removed from Madrid to
Valencia in a manner so mysterious and arbitrary,
says that he is now compelled to leave the country,
no cause for this odious persecution being assigned ;
the ministry want to throw the responsibility on the
police, but it is well known that the latter can only
act under the authority of the government. We
abstain, says that journal, from reproducing all the
scandalous suppositions which have been produced by
this persecution directed against a poor artist who
has no resource but the exercise of his profession to
supply the wants of his family.

Despatches have arrived from various parts of
Switzerland, those from Bale and Berne reaching to
the 4th inst. The Diet assembled on that day for the
purpose of coming to the last resolution on adopting
measures for executing its decrees by force of arms.
The decision was finally taken, and would be the signal
for the commencement of hostilities. The news that
the canton of Isiturchitel was occupied by the Her-
aese troops was premature. On the let instant
further reinforcements of the troops of the Sonder-
bund had arrived at Lucerne. Two battalions of in-
fantry had marched from Lerme, Unterwald, and
Uri : a battery of six pieces of heavy artillery, and
two companies of carbiniers had also arrived. Three
powerful steamboats have been established on the lake
of the four cantons for the expeditious transport of the
troops between canton and canton to such points as
may require their presence. The cantonal govern-
ment of Tessin had suspended its functions tempo-
rarily, having established a council of war invested
with the most extensive powers, with a military
tribunal, of which the chief seat was to be Lugano, but
which had powers to delegate C, ,issioners to all
districts of the canton, as r• `.l might re-
- that t'

quire. A letter from Bile of the 4th says the
Austrians had closed the passage of the Splugen,
which forms the chief communication between the
canton of the Orisons and Lombardy.
Two federal military tribunals have been esta-
blished to sit, one at Berne, and the other at Zurich.
The Burgomaster Furrer, deputy of Zurich, with the
rank of colonel, was appointed grand judge at Berne ;
and M. Cassimir Pfyffer, of Lucerne, was to fill a
like office in the tribunal at Zurich.

The Gazette of Zurich says that the federal army
will amount to 100,000 men, including the reserves.
The people of Zurich are animated with the greatest
enthusiasm. They have come forward spontaneously
with offers to provide for the families of those who
are summoned to the field. The Federal Gazette V
Argau mentions desertions from the Lucernese troops.
The Gazette of Rile says that in a conference be-
tween the federal commissioners and the cantonal go-
vernment of Bale, M. Sicgwart Muller declared
that he saw no means of effecting. the pacification of
Switzerland, except to divide it into two parts, the
catholic and the protestant.
Letters from the frontiers of Friburg announce
that the people of that canton were barricading the
passage of the Tine. On the 30th workmen were en-
gaged cutting down trees and throwing them across
the road, which they also strewed with enormous
blocks of rock, so as to render the passage of troops
impracticable. It was even said that the road was in
certain places undermined. The frontier of the can-
ton was patrolled at night by cavalry.
The liefretie of the Sth states that two Bernese ci-
tizens in Friburg had been found hung and disem-
bowelled. The following are the details given by that
journal:
An set of the most atrocious barbarity which has just been
committed at Dirlaret, a village well known for its fanaticism
end its mendicants, has excited the most heartfelt indigna-
tion throughout the whole community. Two young natives
of Berne, Scheidigger and Zbiuder, tilers by profession in
the canton of Neufchatel, were called to arms and left here
immediately, in their uniform, to answer the appeal of their
country. In passing through the village of Dirlaret they
were perceived by some of the inhabitants, who immediately
thronged round them, crying " Down with the Bernese."
The unfortunate youths were immediately seized, conducted
before the presbytery, hanged, and disembowelled. Wehave
no words to express the indignation excited by this atrocious
act, committed on two youths who were passing inoffen-
sively, and who could at most have been ed as prisoners
of war. We are told the troops of Berne are so exasperated
that they can with difficulty be kept in order. In any other
circumstance we should have recommended forbearance, but
in presence of such an infamous, dastardly murder, we can
but my : Soldiers of Berne, revenge your brethren!
The decree of the cantonal government of Lucerne,
declaring that canton in a state of siege, and estab-
lishing martial law, has been published. It is need-
less to give it here.

The Sardinian government has given loose reins to
the popular manifestations elicited by the reforms
lately promulgated. These festivities were to be con-
tinued for three days. They began on the let, with a
general and improvised illumination. On the evening
of the 2nd there was a torch-light procession, such
as we know no example of, except in the
chief cities of the United. States, where demonstra-
tions of that kind are occasionally witnessed. Seve-
ral thousand persons paraded the city, each bearing
a torch and a banner with the words—" Viva Carlo
Alberto ! Viva Italia! Viva le Riforme !" inscribed on
the latter. On the 3rd, another assemblage was to
take place at a popular cafe lately established with
the title of the " Cafe Gioberti," after the well known
writer against the Jesuits, when the mass of the peo-
ple was to join in an hymn, which wee composed in
celebration of the epoch. The Marquis Azeglio took
a prominent part in these proceedings. The King was
expected to leave for Genoa on the 3rd, where he in-
tended to pass the present month. A procession,
composed of the entire population of Turin, was to
accompany him as far as Moncalieri. All the car-
riages and horses in the city and the neighbourhood
were hired for this purpose. In the evening of the
3rd the theatre was to be illuminated, and the hymn
sung there. All the persons arrested in the late
jrncules had been or wereto be immediately liberated.
The measures affecting the press gave universal satis-
faction. It was said that Count Villa Nicorina, ex-
minister of war, so well known as a zealous reformer,
was to be governor of Turin. M. St. Martin, minis-
ter of foreign affairs, was also favourably spoken of.
It was expected that like festivities would take place
in all the chief cities and towns. A,.magnificent

that they should be witnessed without strong and
indignant protest by the diplomatic agents of the con-
stitutional states of Europe at the court of the Two
Sieilies. We give the following from letters quoted
by the Augsburg Gaulle :
The execution of flee Cslabrian youths at Gene (says •
correepondence addressed to the Augsburg ()assets) is con-
sidered as one of the most deplorable episodes of these blood
days. These young men had not even attempted to
the royal porter ; their designs went not beyond a change in
the administration; and, in fact, the necesaity of their pardon
had been so strongly felt, that it was granted, but unfortu-
nately arrived two hours after the fatal execution. No per-
son considers this delay as an effect of chance. Among these
unfortunate victims was ,the young Belli, the author of a
tragedy, and editor of the journal 1 'Artisia ; and Gemelli,
grandson to the celebrated author of • voyage round the
world. It is said that General Nunsisnte, son to the
person of that name who gave the word to the soldiers who
shot Murat, has committed great atrocities. It is publicly
reported that this general prevailed on a lady, by his pro-
mise of complete amnesty, to acquaint him with the place of
concealment of her son, and caused hint to be shot two days
after. Among the fees related concerning the different per-
sons employed by government who have been exposed to the
pursuits of the insurgents, the following is related of the in-
tendant of Meosina, called Ligori:—When, in consequence
of the insurrection, this functionary was transferred to Co-
dense, the proofs of • very curious operation were found in
his registers. Ligori had purchased of a citizen of Marseilles
a certain quantity of merchandise, and had entered into an
engagement with him to pay him by monthly instalments.
The merchant received these sums regularly till the de-
parture of his debtor. On examining the registers, it was
found that Ligori had inscribed in them this merchant as a
spy of the police, and that the sums remitted to him in pay-
ment were entered in the books as his silary for pretended
services rendered by him.
Its reported that a project is entertained at Vienna
of annexing Parma to the Austrian territory in Italy.
The imperial government, it is said, foresees the ulti-
mate necessity of surrendering Ferrara and Comma-
chio to Rome, and looks for an equivalent in the mili-
tary position afforded by Parma. A note to this
effect is reported to have been transmitted to the Aus-
trian embassies at Paris and London.
- - -

Letters from Naples of Oct. 24, quoted by the
iu9Bburg Gazette, mention important diplomatic
negotiations which have been opened with that go-
vernment. Divisions of the English and Freud)
fleets were expected et that port.
The Nourellista of Marseilles gives letters from
Naples of the 29th tilt. They contain no new facts of
importance, but continue to offer a most deplorable
picture of the condition of the people, and the inex-
orable oppression of the government.

FRANCE.—H ICIIIWAY ROBBERIES.—The diligence
from Vannes to Lorient was stopped on the 3rd inst. at half-
past six is the morning, in the wood of Pont Sale, hy about
a doses men, who, by a discharge of fire-arms, killed two of
the hours. Two gendarmes, who escorted the diligence in
consequence of 70,000 f. of government money being in the
vehicle, attempting to resist, were fired at in their turn, and
one killed. The other at once rode off u hard as he could,
to convey the intelligence to Auray. 40,000 f. were carried
off by the robbers. The authorities are endeavouring to
discover the authors of this crime. it appears that for some
time past the roads in the south of l'rance have been in-
Cited by highwaymen, whose exploits and whose exquisite
politeness to their victims equal those of their most renowned
and most accomplished predecessors. On the evening of the
4th inst. six men attacked a post !liaise between Atx and
Martigues, but the postbov having whipped his horses vio-
lently, they started off, and left the highwaymen in the lurch.
On the someday, however, another band succeeded in robbing
some travellers on the road to Italy. Numerous othercrimes of
a similar nature are stated to have occurred. The perpetrators
of them are not, as has been supposed, the convicts who
escaped from the bagne of Toulon, all the convicts having
been captured. Several of the highwaymen have been
arrested. . _ _

FATHER LACORDATRE'S CHARACTER OF PIUS IX.—
The Speegageur de Dijon publishes the following extract from
a litter, addressed to a friend, by the celebrated pulpit
orator. Father Laeordaire. It will be read with interest, as
showing the opinion entertained of the Pope by one of the
most diatinguished of the Preach clergy. The letter was
net, however, it is stated, intended for publication: " I
have again seen Rome—l have seen Pius IX. You ask me
what I think of him, of his reforms, of his advt rsiries,
and of Isis partisans. I demand nothing better than
to satisfy you, having the old habit of confiding to you all
my thoughts as often as the good God gives me the oppor-
tunity. Pill, IX. is goodness, sincerity, softness, simplicity,
calm in person. He is moreover, firm-hearted. In the
midst of this deluge of counsels and prediction, the Popes ap-
pears serene, and sure of himself ; he comets on God, and on
his people—a people upright, honest, sincere, profoundly at-
tached to religion, and which gives at this moment to
the whole world the spectacle of manly docility, of pious
and unstained gratitude, of au admirable diecernmeat
of its true interests. The papacy was between two charms—
Austria and Italian radicalism. Pius IX. looked to the
right and the left, and found in his heart and in his faith a
path between the two. He has desired of his own will,
and with invincible sincerity, to meet the wants of hie peo-
ple ; and alone, without diplomatic support, he has encoun-
tered in the very hearts of his children all the strength he
required to promote their welfare. The union between the
people and the sovereign is at its height. Nothing can de-
scribe Rome at this moment. It is a fits which has lasted
for 18 months, both a religious and a national fete, in which
all the sentiments most dear to man have their place, their
expression, their flight, their silence. For my part, I can-
not believe in a sad issue to so noble a movement—God is
there. All Italy, with all its shades of opinion, is under the
same charm; Pius IX. reigns from one end of the Penin-
sula to the other. These things are not of the man alone.
Jesus Christ has desired to show once again what a Christian
revolution is, and he could cot give a more salutary example
to nations and kings.
BELGIUM.—BRUSSELS, Nov. 7.—A great sensa-
tion has been caused by the dismissal of Baron d'Huart from
the government of Namur. The baron on quitting the
government of this province has addressed the following cir-
cular to the commercial administrations :

thence, Nov. b.--Gentlemen,- I have the honour to inform ran
Nat In pursuance of a royal decree, under date of the 2nd of this
month, I resign after this day the funstions of governor, to which I
ma celled on June 1, 1840. You are entitled. gentlemen, to my frn,
titude for the honest and intelligent mdstance you have always given
me; and I beg to offer my sincere thanks for it. The
generous confidence which you have Invariably placed in my
administration will always be improvised upon my memory. The
flattering confidence reposed in me by the proe.ncial council, the
'Mice and emerleneed et-operation of ita deputation, dirteted by
Ana and intention. In perfect accordance with my own, rendered
my task agreeable and tees. Ilenoe, it is improsible to nay how great
Is my grief at the dissolution of them relation. which were esta-
Waded between no. My conscience beers me witnem that I have tot
anything to make myself useful to the province, and It is
sa to me to know that my effort. have been productive of
acme geed. The continuance lid your esteem will be my invaluable
reward. Permit me, gentlemen, to reckon upon it in my retreat, and
amet the mauranoe of my high regard.—(Signed) D. 111,12;
Min rof State.
The ministry- has not given any explanation of the cause
which induced the removal of M. D'Huart.

SINGULAR DIAT/L— ON the 2nd instant, a young
couple, who had been married that morning, resolved to pass
a few days of the honeymo in in Brussels, and accordingly took
the train for that city. On their arrival at Malines the bus
bend got out of the train to procure some refreshments for hie
wife ; but unfortunately the train proceeded on its course
before his return. He immediately resolved to hire a two-
horse conveyance to Brawls (about four French leagues dis-
tant), and soon started on his journey. Towards nightfall a
very thick fog (the first of the season) arose. AU, however,
went well, until the carriage reached one of the suburbs of
Brussels, near Luken, when the driver, not seeing his way
clearly, drove °tithe high road into the canal. The unfor.
tunate individual in the carriage, having no means of extri-
cating himself, was drowned, as were also the two horses The
coachman contrived to jump off his oat and to save himself
by swimming. Meantime the wife arrived at her place of
destination, where she named the night. The next morning,
finding that her husbaad did not arnve by arty of the trains
from Malines, she became greatly alsrmeo and spoke on the
subject to some of the gentlemen connected with the railway.
About 10 p.m. the accident became known to them, and
they sent off an express to Antwerp in order to communicate
it to tke family of the deceased. His brother immediately
went up to town, and after having given the first order'
respecting the body of his unfortunate relative, conducted
the widow of the deceased back to Antwerp, where, after
mach precaution she learned, for the first time, the melan-
choly intelligence.
AUSTRIA.—VIENNA, Nov. I.—The Emperor and
Empress intend going to Presburg for the opening of the
Hungarian diet, in company with the Archduke the Stadt-
holder. The Arch-Duchess Maria Louisa will leave for
Parma on the 6th, and will probably reach that capital
about the middle of November. Count Munch Bellinghausen
has arrived here from Frankfort by way of Carlruhe, Stott-
surd, and Munich. His circuitous route is said to be in
lam connexion with the affairs of Switzerland. Every=
hare is in a state of expectancy as to what may be the
d measures consequent upon the disorders of that country,
which are not likely to be terminated without bloodshed,
VENEZUELA.—" We observe," says the Port if
Spain (Trinidad) pouffe of the lot of October "by 'a
sweat number of the Garcia de Vennuelo, that a stream of
iMmigration is about setting in there from Germany. A
'Preach house in Dunkirk and Paris had entered into a con-'
lime with the Venezuelan government to send out to that
emintry not less than 80,000 immigrants—natives of Switzer-
land, Belgium, Prussia, and any of the cities or dominions of
the Germanic confederation—free of all charge tor their con-
veyance, and on the sole condition, in fact, of receiving grants
of and on which to locate these immigrants in the following
province., and to the extent here mentioned, viz.:
uare leagues.
In the province' of Camas and Barcelona, waste lands
now esisting in the intone of Rio Chien. Cbagara-
now, Onto, Angus and Soledad, and in the island of
oetninlac
InTCumesso—la the cantons of RinCaribe, Oda* Caro
pans, awl Ilaturla ll7
Idinsolbs.ea the castor at Altmann:la sad Pori* lIS
IA Orw.-

ABOLITION OP TOLL-ILOLS.—Lent evening a meet-
ing of the inhabitants of St. Pancras took place at the Bed-
ford Arms tavern, Camden-town, for the purpose of taking
effectual mementos for the entire abolition of toff-bars in the
northern suburbs of the metropolis. Mr. Rees, one of the
commissioners of the Southampton Paving Trust, was called
to the chair. Mr. Boyce, the honorary secretary, read a
letter from Lord Dudley Stuart, expressing regret at his un-
avoidable absence ; he, however, begged to assure the meet-
ing thet his best wishes were with those who were endea-
vouring to diminish the charges on the rate-payers of St.
Pancras, in respect of the tolls, and that he would be happy
to do all in his power in parliament to promote what ap-
peared to him so lendable an object. Ile (Mr. Boyce) read
also received a letter from Mr. M. Furster, M.P. for Ber-
wick-on-Tweed, who war deeply interested in the subject.
The hon. member said he was prepared to give the oppo-
nents of toll-bars his meet cordial assistance in parliament.
Ilia letter then proceeded, " I have witnessed for some time
past the proceedings of this road commission with con•
aiderable surprise, and have felt convinced it is de-
generating into a mere job, as all such commissions do if they
are not looked after. Unless the rate-payers take the
matter up, the commission with its snug berth*, and toll.bar
nuisances, will he perpetual. The commissioners began well
enough. In 1827 they removed 27 bars in one day, but
latterly they have been rather increasing than reducing the
number. Ia 1827 there were eight or ten gates and an end-
less number of ban on the nail between Edgeware and the
City. They began by removing the whole of them from the
aristocratic part of the road near the West End, but left the
one nearest the City, which is still maintained, and is now
situate almost in the heart of the metropolis. About Hackney
and Newington they have acted in the same spirit. The com-
missioners say the railways have reduced their receipts by
lessening the number of stage-coaches, but I suspect the xum-
ber of omnibuses yield a larger revenue than the stage-
coaches ever did." Since the last meeting had been held
upon this subject the committee had felt it their duty to in-
quire into the management of these metropolitan turnpike
trust commissioners, and they found, by a rcport published
by order of the House of Commons, the income of the year
1844 was 70,4081. 16s. 2d. Oat of this they paid their
clerk, 1,0201., and surveyor a salary of 2,33.51. 18e. Bd.
Amount of dbt, 32,0001. One individuil connected with the
commission was in the receipt of a salary of no less than
3,6711. 10s—Mr. Philpot, in moving the first resolution,
proceed• d at some length to show that not only would the
abolition of the bell-Oars be a benefit to the general public,
but that if they were abolished and the roads taken into the
bands of the parish the inhabitants would save something
like lid. in the pound. instead of losing thereoy. lie con-
cluded by moving " That the injustice so long perpetrated
en the parish of St. l'ancres, by the continuance of a great
number of toll-gates on a small portion of turnpike road, is
greatly aggravated be the extravagant expenditure of the
money so collected therefrom. This meeting therefore
pledge themselves to co-operate with the anti-toll-bar com-
mittee in their endeavours to accomplish the entire abolition
of such a monstrous imposition."—Mr. Collins second. d the
! resolution, which was carried.—Mr. Merriman moved the
second resolution, to the effect, " That the present system of
collecting the tolls on the metropolitan roads is clumsy,
ineffieient, and unworthy of the present civilised
state of society, and that a more equitable system
should be adopted in lieu thereof." This motion
having been seconded and carried unanimously, Mr.
Spooner, in moving the third, dwelt at some length upon
the extravagance of the compassion, as shown by the parlia-
mentary return, and the necessity for the subject being
brought under the notice of the legislature. He moved
That Lord Dudley Stuart, M.P., Sir B Hall, Bart., M.P.,
the members for the borough of Marylebone, and Matthew
Forster, Esq., M.P. for Berwick-upon-Tweed, be reaps et-
fully requestd, on the assembling of parliament, to move for
a return of the income and expenditure of the metropolitan
turnpike trust commissioners for the years 1815 and 1810."
—Mr. Spong ecconded this resolution, which was also adopted
unanimously.— Votes of thanks were given to Lord Dudley
Stuart and Mr. Forster, M.l'., for their expressed readiness
to forward the objects of the meeting in parliament • end, a
similar compliment having been paid to the chairman,l the
meeting separated.
NEW METHOD OF SIGNALS FOR GUARDS ON RAIL-
WAY TRAlNS.—Yetterdny experiments were made on the
Brighton and Chichester Branch Railway, of an invention
of Meesrs. Brett and Little, of Furnival's-inn, for giving
the means of communication (the necessity of which had
been demonstrated by some recent accidents) between rail-
way guards and drivers. Some minor experiments have been
made daily during the past week. Yesterday the invention
was applied to a whole train, and the experiment was
watched by Mr. Copley and Mr. Fountain, connected with
the engineering department of the Brighton terminus. The
modus operandi is soon explained, for the invention is one
of a most simple kind. On the engine, and close to the
driver, is placed an alarum bell of a peculiar but simple con-
struction, not liable to get out of order or to be affected by
the oscillation of a train, and requiring to be wound up as a
clock only about once a week for ordinary use. When
not required for signals the alarum is prevented from
acting by a catch. Contiguous to this Is a permanent
magnet connected with the inventors' patent gal-
vanic battery, which is placed at the opposite end of
the tender. Wires are petard from the alarum to the bat-
tery, snd thence continued throughout the train in this
manner : From chain to chain of each carriage is placed a
galvanised wire, running beneath the carriages, so that the
simple operation of hooking the usual seety chain turns a
galvanic communication with as many carriages as are fur-
nished with the connecting wires. At every guard-box a
pair of branch wires is carried up at the end of the carriage
into the box, where, by the simple operation of moving a
small winch, the galvanic circuit is completed, the magnet
immediately acts on the catch so u to lift it, and the alarum
is set in motion close to the driver. Pairs of branch wires ran
likewise be carried into every carriage of the train if thought
desirable, and thus a means is afforded to the pa-sen-
gers as well as the guards of apprising the driver
of danger. In the experiment yesterday morning the safety
chains were in their usual condition, and it was, conse-
quently, anticipated that some failures might have occurred
from the rust rendering the contact of the hake and conse-
quently the galvanic circuit incomplete. Such, however,
was not the ewe. In every instance the signal was made
without a single failure. To avoid, however, the possibility
of a failure from this cause, the exidetion of chains long out
of use, it is proposed by the inventors that the chains should
be galvanised by a very simple inexpensive process. The
code of signals, or mode of telegraphing a message,
will, of course, be a subject of future arrangement,
and presents no difficulty, should the galvanic apparatus,
which we have endeavoured to describe, eventually succeed,
u our reporter is assured by the railway. officials was most
completely the case with the rough experiments made yes-
terday. This morning (Tuesday) the 10 o'clock train from
Brighton will consist of the carriages used in the experi-
ments of yesterdny. It will arrive at the London-bridge
station at 12 o'clock ; and Mr. Clarke and the railway
engineers will be in the train, in order to give the invention
another trial.

FRONT OP A HOUSE CARRIED AWAY BY A CARA-
cert.—About a quarter before nine o'clock yesterday morn-
ing, so the vehicles used to convey the artid,s that form the
Chinese Exhibition from Fairfield, Bow, en route for Bir-
mingham, entered Leadenhall-street, one of the caravans,
which was heavily laden, with a greater breadth at top than at
bottom, drew up close to the kerb, when, on coming oppo-
site to No. 70, which is in the occupation of Mr. Cockburn,
toyman, the front of whose hour. is one of the old projecting
ones, extending 4 feet 7 inches beyond the line of houses, the
heavy packed load caught against the projecting front. The
carman, not being aware of the danger, and having a power-
ful team, whipped his horses, which made them go for-
ward, when a terrific crash was heard, and in an instant the
projecting portion came down. The police-constable on duty
was knocked down by some of the falling timbers, but sus-
tained no serious injuries.
INQUESTS, YESTERDAY.— SUSPECTED CASE OP
POMO:VINO AT HACKNET.—Before Mr. W. Baker, resumed
a' the Dolphin Tavern, Mare-street, hackney, on the body
of Mrs. Frances Sheridan, aged 70, alleged to have been
poisoned. The deceased was the widow of an officer in the
army, and lately resided in the above street with her son
William, an excise officer, and two daughters. Oa the
former assembly of the jury William was charged with
having murdered the deceased by poison, and he was yester-
day taken into custody on the coroner's order.—Mr. W.
Tidy, surgeon, of Mare-street, said that he was first called
to deceased on the 23d ult., and found her very sick and
vomiting. One of the daughters told witness that she had
been taken suddenly ill, and had vomited similarly to her
mother. Witness suspected that she had been taking some-
thing deleterious, and the daughter volunteered an accuse,
tion against her brother William, complaining at the same
time of various acts of violence on his part towards the fa-
mily.—Police-sergeant Hswkes said that there had been
family disturbances for some twelvemonths past.—MrjHak in,
surgeon, said he saw deceased a few hours previously to her
death, which took place on the 29th ult. He had since
made a post mortem examination, and found the liver was
unusually large, and the lungs were perfectly healthy.
The stomach contained about six ounces of dark fluid.
The contents of the stomach were sent to Dr. Letheby for
analysis. There was sufficient poison in the bowels to account
for death.—By the Coroner Irritant poison would have pro-
duced all the appearances described.—Dr. H. Letheby,
chemical lecturer at the London Hospital, stated that he re-
ceived three jars from Mr. Hakin, the smallest one con-
taining the contents of the stomach, and the two larger ones
the stomach and the intestines together, with portions of the
liver and lungs. He had subjected about half a pound of
the liver to analysis, and was able to detect an abundance of
arsenic (exhibited to the jury in a glass tube). It was more
than sufficient to cause death. Had further analysed the
contents of the liver, and detected arsenic there also. De-
ceased had evidently for some time been suffering from
arsenic, and from the detection of arsenic in the contents of
the intestines he was of opinion that deceased had had a
dose within forty-eight hours of oar death.—The Coroner
suggested an adjournment of the proceedings, in order
that in the interim the prisoner might be taken
before the magistrate, and the matter undergo a
thorough investigation. Adjourned accordingly.—CHlLD
MURDER. Before Mr. W. Carter, by adjournment,
at the Pilgrim Tavern, East-lane, Walworth, respecting the
death of • newly-born male child that had been murdered
and left in the public streets.--Mary Cook, of East-lane,
t hhWea: irrod:tgr thhehf
r'e stated
ri.o
e. a
if are
called
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r cohn the night
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child lying in the • . .