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[ { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Epinephrine should be used cautiously in patients with hyperthyroidism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. All vasopressors should be used cautiously in patients taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Epinephrine should not be administered concomitantly with other sympathomimetic drugs (such as isoproterenol) because of possible additive effects and increased toxicity. Combined effects may induce serious cardiac arrhythmias. They may be administered alternately when the preceding effect of other such drug has subsided. Administration of epinephrine to patients receiving cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon general anesthetics such as halothane which sensitize the myocardium, may induce cardiac arrhythmia.. When encountered, such arrhythmias may respond to administration of a beta-adrenergic blocking drug. Epinephrine also should be used cautiously with other drugs (e.g., digitalis, glycosides) that sensitize the myocardium to the actions of sympathomimetic drugs. Diuretic agents may decrease vascular response to pressor drugs such as epinephrine. Epinephrine may antagonize the neuron blockade produced by guanethidine resulting in decreased antihypertensive effect and requiring increased dosage of the latter." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1237 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vasopressors" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sympathomimetic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isoproterenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclopropane" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "halogenated hydrocarbon general anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "halothane" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-adrenergic blocking drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 838 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "glycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sympathomimetic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Diuretic agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "guanethidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1132, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R7", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R8", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Epinephrine_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Epinephrine_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Cisplatin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Plasma levels of anticonvulsant agents may become subtherapeutic during cisplatin therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Cisplatin_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticonvulsant agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cisplatin_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Cisplatin_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cisplatin_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cisplatin_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Antiacid, clarithromycin, Didanosine, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Indanavir, Ketoconazole, Phenytoin, Phenobarbitol, carbamazepine, Rifabutin, Rifampin, Ritanovir, Saquinavir." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 172 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Didanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fluconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Rifabutin" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Delavirdine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Saquinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Results from human in vitro metabolism studies and nonclinical studies show that REVLIMID (lenalidomide) is neither metabolized by nor inhibits or induces the cytochrome P450 pathway suggesting that lenalidomide is not likely to cause or be subject to P450-based metabolic drug interactions in man. Co-administration of multiple doses of 10 mg of lenalidomide had no effect on the single dose pharmacokinetics of R- and S- warfarin. Co-administration of single 25-mg dose warfarin had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of total lenalidomide. Expected changes in laboratory assessments of PT and INR were observed after warfarin administration, but these changes were not affected by concomitant lenalidomide administration." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 724 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "REVLIMID" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lenalidomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lenalidomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lenalidomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "R-", "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 416 ], [ 424, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "S- warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lenalidomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lenalidomide_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lenalidomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Heparin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drug Interactions: a. Drugs Enhancing Heparin Effect: Oral anticoagulants: Heparin sodium may prolong the one-stage prothrombin time. Therefore, when heparin sodium is given with dicumarol or warfarin sodium, a period of at least 5 hours after the last intravenous dose or 24 hours after the last subcutaneous dose should elapse before blood is drawn if a valid prothrombin time is to be obtained. Platelet inhibitors: Drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid, dextran, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, indomethacin, dipyridamole, hydroxychloroquine and others that interfere with platelet-aggregation reactions (the main hemostatic defense of heparinized patients) may induce bleeding and should be used with caution in patients receiving heparin sodium. The anticoagulant effect of heparin is enhanced by concurrent treatment with antithrombin III (human) in patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency. Thus in order to avoid bleeding, reduced dosage of heparin is recommended during treatment with antithrombin III (human). b. Drugs Decreasing Heparin Effect: Digitalis, tetracyclines, nicotine, or antihistamines may partially counteract the anticoagulant action of heparin sodium. Heparin Sodium Injection should not be mixed with doxorubicin, droperidol, ciprofloxacin, or mitoxantrone, since it has been reported that these drugs are incompatible with heparin and a precipitate may form. Drug/ Laboratory Tests Interactions Hyperaminotransferasemia: Significant elevations of aminotransferase (SGOT [S-AST] and SGPT [S-ALT]) levels have occurred in a high percentage of patients (and healthy subjects) who have received heparin sodium. Since aminotransferase determinations are important in the differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction, liver disease and pulmonary emboli, rises that might be caused by drugs (heparin sodium) should be interpreted with caution." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1873 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Heparin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dicumarol" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Platelet inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dextran" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenylbutazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 489 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydroxychloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 537 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antithrombin III" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antithrombin III" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tetracyclines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nicotine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Heparin Sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ciprofloxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1259, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "mitoxantrone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1625, 1639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heparin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1822, 1836 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T11", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R11", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R12", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R13", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R14", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heparin_ddi_R15", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heparin_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Heparin_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Vitamin A: Because of the relationship of Accutane to vitamin A, patients should be advised against taking vitamin supplements containing vitamin A to avoid additive toxic effects . Tetracyclines: Concomitant treatment with Accutane and tetracyclines should be avoided because Accutane use has been associated with a number of cases of pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension), some of which involved concomitant use of tetracyclines . Micro-dosed Progesterone Preparations: Micro-dosed progesterone preparations (minipills that do not contain an estrogen) may be an inadequate method of contraception during Accutane therapy. Although other hormonal contraceptives are highly effective, there have been reports of pregnancy from women who have used combined oral contraceptives, as well as topical/injectable/implantable/insertable hormonal birth control products. These reports are more frequent for women who use only a single method of contraception. It is not known if hormonal contraceptives differ in their effectiveness when used with Accutane. Therefore, it is critically important for women of childbearing potential to select and commit to use 2 forms of effective contraception simultaneously, at least 1 of which must be a primary form, unless absolute abstinence is the chosen method, or the patient has undergone a hysterectomy . Phenytoin: Accutane has not been shown to alter the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in a study in seven healthy volunteers. These results are consistent with the in vitro finding that neither isotretinoin nor its metabolites induce or inhibit the activity of the CYP 2C9 human hepatic P450 enzyme. Phenytoin is known to cause osteomalacia. No formal clinical studies have been conducted to assess if there is an interactive effect on bone loss between phenytoin and Accutane. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using these drugs together . Systemic Corticosteroids: Systemic corticosteroids are known to cause osteoporosis. No formal clinical studies have been conducted to assess if there is an interactive effect on bone loss between systemic corticosteroids and Accutane. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using these drugs together. Prescribers are advised to consult the package insert of medication administered concomitantly with hormonal contraceptives, since some medications may decrease the effectiveness of these birth control products. Accutane use is associated with depression in some patients. Pregnancies have been reported by users of combined hormonal contraceptives who also used some form of St. Johns Wort. Laboratory Tests Pregnancy Test Female patients of childbearing potential must have negative results from 2 urine or serum pregnancy tests with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL before receiving the initial Accutane prescription. The first test is obtained by the prescriber when the decision is made to pursue qualification of the patient for Accutane (a screening test). The second pregnancy test (a confirmation test) should be done during the first 5 days of the menstrual period immediately preceding the beginning of Accutane therapy. For patients with amenorrhea, the second test should be done at least 11 days after the last act of unprotected sexual intercourse (without using 2 effective forms of contraception). Each month of therapy, the patient must have a negative result from a urine or serum pregnancy test. A pregnancy test must be repeated each month prior to the female patient receiving each prescription . Lipids: Pretreatment and follow-up blood lipids should be obtained under fasting conditions. After consumption of alcohol, at least 36 hours should elapse before these determinations are made. It is recommended that these tests be performed at weekly or biweekly intervals until the lipid response to Accutane is established. The incidence of hypertriglyceridemia is 1 patient in 4 on Accutane therapy . Liver Function Tests: Since elevations of liver enzymes have been observed during clinical trials, and hepatitis has been reported, pretreatment and follow-up liver function tests should be performed at weekly or biweekly intervals until the response to Accutane has been established . Glucose: Some patients receiving Accutane have experienced problems in the control of their blood sugar. In addition, new cases of diabetes have been diagnosed during Accutane therapy, although no causal relationship has been established . CPK: Some patients undergoing vigorous physical activity while on Accutane therapy have experienced elevated CPK levels; however, the clinical significance is unknown. There have been rare postmarketing reports of rhabdomyolysis, some associated with strenuous physical activity. In a clinical trial of 217 pediatric patients (12 to 17 years) with severe recalcitrant nodular acne, transient elevations in CPK were observed in 12% of patients, including those undergoing strenuous physical activity in association with reported musculoskeletal adverse events such as back pain, arthralgia, limb injury, or muscle sprain. In these patients, approximately half of the CPK elevations returned to normal within 2 weeks and half returned to normal within 4 weeks. No cases of rhabdomyolysis were reported in this trial." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5279 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin supplements" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Tetracyclines" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tetracyclines" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T9", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tetracyclines" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Progesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "progesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "estrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T14", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hormonal contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 656, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "combined oral contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T17", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hormonal contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1011 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T18", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T20", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isotretinoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1549, 1561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1655, 1664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1809, 1818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T25", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1823, 1831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Systemic Corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1906, 1930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Systemic corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1932, 1956 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T28", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "systemic corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 2102, 2126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T29", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 2131, 2139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hormonal contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 2313, 2336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T31", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 2425, 2433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "combined hormonal contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 2529, 2561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T33", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 2814, 2822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T34", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 2951, 2959 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T35", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 3130, 3138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 3649, 3656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T37", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 3836, 3844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T38", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 3920, 3928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T39", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 4193, 4201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T40", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 4258, 4266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T41", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 4392, 4400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T42", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Accutane" ], "offsets": [ [ 4531, 4539 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Isotretinoin_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Galsulfase_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interaction with central nervous system depressants other than benzodiazepines has not been specifically studied; however, no deleterious interactions were seen when ROMAZICON was administered after narcotics, inhalational anesthetics, muscle relaxants and muscle relaxant antagonists administered in conjunction with sedation or anesthesia. Particular caution is necessary when using ROMAZICON in cases of mixed drug overdosage since the toxic effects (such as convulsions and cardiac dysrhythmias) of other drugs taken in overdose (especially cyclic antidepressants) may emerge with the reversal of the benzodiazepine effect by flumazenil. The use of ROMAZICON is not recommended in epileptic patients who have been receiving benzodiazepine treatment for a prolonged period. Although ROMAZICON exerts a slight intrinsic anticonvulsant effect, its abrupt suppression of the protective effect of a benzodiazepine agonist can give rise to convulsions in epileptic patients. ROMAZICON blocks the central effects of benzodiazepines by competitive interaction at the receptor level. The effects of nonbenzodiazepine agonists at benzodiazepine receptors, such as zopiclone, triazolopyridazines and others, are also blocked by ROMAZICON. The pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines are unaltered in the presence of flumazenil and vice versa. There is no pharmacokinetic interaction between ethanol and flumazenil. Use in Ambulatory Patients The effects of ROMAZICON may wear off before a long-acting benzodiazepine is completely cleared from the body. In general, if a patient shows no signs of sedation within 2 hours after a 1-mg dose of flumazenil, serious resedation at a later time is unlikely. An adequate period of observation must be provided for any patient in whom either long-acting benzodiazepines (such as diazepam) or large doses of short-acting benzodiazepines (such as 10 mg of midazolam) have been used. Because of the increased risk of adverse reactions in patients who have been taking benzodiazepines on a regular basis, it is particularly important that physicians query patients or their guardians carefully about benzodiazepine, alcohol and sedative use as part of the history prior to any procedure in which the use of ROMAZICON is planned." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2255 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "central nervous system depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "narcotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "muscle relaxants" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "cyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 605, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flumazenil" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T11", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T12", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T14", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zopiclone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T17", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flumazenil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flumazenil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1392, 1402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T22", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1446, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "long-acting benzodiazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flumazenil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1630, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "long-acting benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1772, 1799 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 1809, 1817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "short-acting benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1837, 1865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 1885, 1894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T29", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1996, 2011 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2127, 2141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2143, 2150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sedative" ], "offsets": [ [ 2155, 2163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T33", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ROMAZICON" ], "offsets": [ [ 2234, 2243 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flumazenil_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Flumazenil_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Fluorouracil_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No information available." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "Cefuroxime_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions: A false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine may occur with copper reduction tests (Benedict s or Fehling s solution or with Clinitest tablets) but not with enzyme-based tests for glycosuria. As a false-negative result may occur in the ferricyanide test, it is recommended that either the glucose oxidase or hexokinase method be used to determine blood plasma glucose levels in patients receiving cefuroxime. Cefuroxime does not interfere with the assay of serum and urine creatinine by the alkaline picrate method." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 557 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Cefuroxime_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cefuroxime" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cefuroxime_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cefuroxime" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "- Lofexidine may enhance the CNS depressive effects of alcohol, barbiturates and other sedatives . - Lofexidine may enhance the effects of anti-hypertensive drug therapy . - Concomitant use of tricyclic antidepressants may reduce the efficacy of lofexidine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 257 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lofexidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sedatives" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lofexidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anti-hypertensive drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lofexidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 256 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lofexidine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Lofexidine_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drug/Laboratory Interactions No formal drug interaction studies have been performed with Campath. An immune response to Campath may interfere with subsequent diagnostic serum tests that utilize antibodies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 206 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Campath" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Campath" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alemtuzumab_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Trecator has been found to temporarily raise serum concentrations of isoniazid. Trecator may potentiate the adverse effects of other antituberculous drugs administered concomitantly. In particular, convulsions have been reported when ethionamide is administered with cycloserine and special care should be taken when the treatment regimen includes both of these drugs. Excessive ethanol ingestion should be avoided because a psychotic reaction has been reported." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 462 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Trecator" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isoniazid" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Trecator" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antituberculous drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethionamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethionamide_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Ethionamide_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Sulfacetamide_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Sulfacetamide preparations are incompatible with silver preparations." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Sulfacetamide_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Sulfacetamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfacetamide_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "silver" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Sulfacetamide_ddi_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Sulfacetamide_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Sulfacetamide_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Alclometasone_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No information provided" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cholestyramine resin may delay or reduce the absorption of concomitant oral medication such as phenylbutazone, warfarin, thiazide diuretics (acidic) or propranolol (basic), as well as tetracycline penicillin G, phenobarbital, thyroid and thyroxine preparations, estrogens and progestins, and digitalis. Interference with the absorption of oral phosphate supplements has been observed with another positively-charged bile acid sequestrant. Cholestyramine resin may interfere with the pharmacokinetics of drugs that undergo enterohepatic circulation, The discontinuance of cholestyramine resin could pose a hazard to health if a potentially toxic drug such as digitalis has been filtrated to a maintenance level while the patient was taking cholestyramine resin. Because cholestyramine binds bile acids, cholestyramine resin may interfere with normal fat digestion and absorption and thus may prevent absorption of fat soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K. When cholestyramine resin is given for long periods of time, concomitant supplementation with water-miscible (or parenteral) forms of fat-soluble vitamins should be considered. SINCE CHOLESTYRAMINE RESIN MAY BIND OTHER DRUGS GIVEN CONCURRENTLY, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT PATIENTS TAKE OTHER DRUGS AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE OR 4 TO 6 HOURS AFTER CHOLESTYRAMINE RESIN (OR AT AS GREAT AN INTERVAL AS POSSIBLE) TO AVOID IMPEDING THEIR ABSORPTION." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1394 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "phenylbutazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tetracycline" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "penicillin G" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "thyroxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "estrogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "progestins" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 459 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "fat soluble vitamins" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T28", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "fat-soluble vitamins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CHOLESTYRAMINE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "RESIN" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CHOLESTYRAMINE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "RESIN" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_R12", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Cholestyramine_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Doxepin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drugs Metabolized by P450 2D6: The biochemical activity of the drug metabolizing isozyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (debrisoquin hydroxylase) is reduced in a subset of the Caucasian population (about 7-10% of Caucasians are so-called poor metabolizers); reliable estimates of the prevalence of reduced P450 2D6 isozyme activity among Asian, African and other populations are not yet available. Poor metabolizers have higher than expected plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) when given usual doses. Depending on the fraction of drug metabolized by P450 2D6, the increase in plasma concentration may be small, or quite large (8-fold increase in plasma AUC of the TCA). In addition, certain drugs inhibit the activity of this isozyme and make normal metabolizers resemble poor metabolizers. An individual who is stable on a given dose of TCA may become abruptly toxic when given one of these inhibiting drugs as concomitant therapy. The drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 include some that are not metabolized by the enzyme (quinidine; cimetidine) and many that are substrates for P450 2D6 (many other antidepressants, phenothiazines, and the Type 1C antiarrhythmics propafenone and flecainide). While all the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), e.g., citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine, inhibit P450 2D6, they may vary in the extent of inhibition. The extent to which SSRI-TCA interactions may pose clinical problems will depend on the degree of inhibition and the pharmacokinetics of the SSRI involved. Nevertheless, caution is indicated in the co-administration of TCAs with any of the SSRIs and also in switching from one class to the other. Of particular importance, sufficient time must elapse before initiating TCA treatment in a patient being withdrawn from fluoxetine, given the long half-life of the parent and active metabolite (at least 5 weeks may be necessary). Concomitant use of tricyclic antidepressants with drugs that can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 may require lower doses than usually prescribed for either the tricyclic antidepressant or the other drug. Furthermore, whenever one of these other drugs is withdrawn from co-therapy, an increased dose of tricyclic antidepressant may be required. It is desirable to monitor TCA plasma levels whenever a TCA is going to be co-administered with another drug known to be an inhibitor of P450 2D6. Doxepin is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 (with CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 as minor pathways). Inhibitors or substrates of CYP2D6 (i.e., quinidine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]) may increase the plasma concentration of doxepin when administered concomitantly. The extent of interaction depends on the variability of effect on CYP2D6. The clinical significance of this interaction with doxepin has not been systematically evaluated. MAO Inhibitors: Serious side effects and even death have been reported following the concomitant use of certain drugs with MAO inhibitors. Therefore, MAO inhibitors should be discontinued at least two weeks prior to the cautious initiation of therapy with SINEQUAN. The exact length of time may vary and is dependent upon the particular MAO inhibitor being used, the length of time it has been administered, and the dosage involved. Cimetidine: Cimetidine has been reported to produce clinically significant fluctuations in steady-state serum concentrations of various tricyclic antidepressants. Serious anticholinergic symptoms (i.e., severe dry mouth, urinary retention and blurred vision) have been associated with elevations in the serum levels of tricyclic antidepressant when cimetidine therapy is initiated. Additionally, higher than expected tricyclic antidepressant levels have been observed when they are begun in patients already taking cimetidine. In patients who have been reported to be well controlled on tricyclic antidepressants receiving concurrent cimetidine therapy, discontinuation of cimetidine has been reported to decrease established steady-state serum tricyclic antidepressant levels and compromise their therapeutic effects. Alcohol: It should be borne in mind that alcohol ingestion may increase the danger inherent in any intentional or unintentional SINEQUAN overdosage. This is especially important in patients who may use alcohol excessively. Tolazamide: A case of severe hypoglycemia has been reported in a type II diabetic patient maintained on tolazamide (1 gm/day) 11 days after the addition of doxepin (75 mg/day)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4518 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TCAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "phenothiazines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Type 1C antiarrhythmics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propafenone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flecainide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1199, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "SSRIs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "citalopram" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "escitalopram" ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1307, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sertraline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "SSRI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T20", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "SSRI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1549, 1553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TCAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1627, 1631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "SSRIs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1825, 1835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1954, 1979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 2091, 2115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 2233, 2257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 2302, 2305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T28", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 2331, 2334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Doxepin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2422, 2429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2553, 2562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T31", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 2564, 2603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "SSRIs" ], "offsets": [ [ 2605, 2610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxepin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2654, 2661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxepin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2820, 2827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO Inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 2867, 2881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T36", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 2990, 3004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T37", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 3017, 3031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T38", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SINEQUAN" ], "offsets": [ [ 3123, 3131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T39", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 3204, 3217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3300, 3310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3312, 3322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T42", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 3436, 3461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T43", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 3619, 3643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3649, 3659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T45", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 3717, 3741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3815, 3825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T47", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 3887, 3912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3934, 3944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3973, 3983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T50", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 4045, 4069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 4119, 4126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 4160, 4167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T53", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SINEQUAN" ], "offsets": [ [ 4247, 4255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T54", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 4321, 4328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Tolazamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4342, 4352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T56", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tolazamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4446, 4456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_T57", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxepin" ], "offsets": [ [ 4498, 4505 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T30", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T33", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T31", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T33", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T32", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T33", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R6", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T37", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T38", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T41", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T42", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T43", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T44", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T45", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T46", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T49", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T50", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T52", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T53", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxepin_ddi_R12", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T56", "arg2_id": "Doxepin_ddi_T57", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Buspirone_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "It is recommended that buspirone hydrochloride not be used concomitantly with MAO inhibitors Because the effects of concomitant administration of buspirone HCl with most other psychotropic drugs have not been studied, the concomitant use of buspirone HCl with other CNS-active drugs should be approached with caution. There is one report suggesting that the concomitant use of trazodone hydrochloride (Desyrel) and buspirone HCl may have caused 3- to 6-fold elevations on SGPT (ALT) in a few patients. In a similar study, attempting to replicate this finding, no interactive effect on hepatic transaminases was identified. In a study in normal volunteers, concomitant administration of buspirone HCl and haloperidol resulted in increased serum haloperidol concentrations. The clinical significance of this finding is not clear. In vitro, buspirone does not displace tightly bound drugs like phenytoin, propranolol, and warfarin from serum proteins. However, there has been one report of prolonged prothrombin time when buspirone was added to the regimen of a patient treated with warfarin. The patient was also chronically receiving phenytoin, phenobarbital, digoxin, and levothyroxine sodium. In vitro, buspirone may displace less firmly bound drugs like digoxin. The clinical significance of this property is unknown." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1319 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone HCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "psychotropic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone HCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "trazodone hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Desyrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone HCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone HCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 847 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levothyroxine sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "buspirone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buspirone_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Buspirone_ddi_T23", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The administration of local anesthetic solutions containing epinephrine or norepinephrine to patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants may produce severe, prolonged hypertension. Concurrent use of these agents should generally be avoided. In situations in which concurrent therapy is necessary, careful patient monitoring is essential. Concurrent administration of vasopressor drugs and of ergot-type oxytocic drugs may cause severe, persistent hypertension or cerebrovascular accidents. Phenothiazines and butyrophenones may reduce or reverse the pressor effect of epinephrine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 613 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anesthetic solutions" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "monoamine oxidase inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vasopressor drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ergot-type oxytocic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Phenothiazines" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 537 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "butyrophenones" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bupivacaine_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Ceftizoxime_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Although the occurrence has not been reported with Cefizox, nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of other cephalosporins and aminoglycosides." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 174 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Ceftizoxime_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Cefizox" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftizoxime_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "cephalosporins" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftizoxime_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Ceftizoxime_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ceftizoxime_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Ceftizoxime_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Ifosfamide_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The physician should be alert for possible combined drug actions, desirable or undesirable, involving ifosfamide even though ifosfamide has been used successfully concurrently with other drugs, including other cytotoxic drugs." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 226 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Ifosfamide_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ifosfamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ifosfamide_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ifosfamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Estradiol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "D. Drug and Laboratory Test Interactions 1. Accelerated prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet aggregation time; increased platelet count; increased factors II, VII antigen, VIII antigen, VIII coagulant activity, IX, X, XII, VII-X complex, II-VII-X complex, and beta-thromboglobulin; decreased levels of anti-factor Xa and antithrombin III, decreased antithrombin III activity; increased levels of fibrinogen and fibrinogen activity; increased plasminogen antigen and activity. 2. Increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) leading to increased circulating total thyroid hormone levels, as measured by protein-bound iodine (PBI), T4 levels (by column or by radioimmunoassay) or T3 levels by radioimmunoassay. T3 resin uptake is decreased, reflecting the elevated TBG. Free T4 and T3 concentrations are unaltered. Patients on thyroid replacement therapy may require higher doses of thyroid hormone. 3. Other binding proteins may be elevated in serum, i.e., corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), leading to increased total circulating corticosteroids and sex steroids, respectively. Free hormone concentrations may be decreased. Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/renin substrate, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin). 4. Increased plasma HDL and HDL2 cholesterol subfraction concentrations, reduced LDL cholesterol concentration, increased triglyceride levels. 5. Impaired glucose tolerance. 6. Reduced response to metyrapone test." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1507 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Estradiol_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thyroid hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Estradiol_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Estradiol_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sex steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1122 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Isosorbide Dinitrate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The vasodilating effects of isosorbide dinitrate may be additive with those of other vasodilators. Alcohol, in particular, has been found to exhibit additive effects of this variety." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 182 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Isosorbide Dinitrate_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isosorbide dinitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isosorbide Dinitrate_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vasodilators" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isosorbide Dinitrate_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Isosorbide Dinitrate_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Isosorbide Dinitrate_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Isosorbide Dinitrate_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In a Phase I trial using escalating doses of TAXOL (110-200 mg/m2) and cisplatin (50 or 75 mg/m2) given as sequential infusions, myelosuppression was more profound when TAXOL was given after cisplatin than with the alternate sequence (ie, TAXOL before cisplatin). Pharmacokinetic data from these patients demonstrated a decrease in paclitaxel clearance of approximately 33% when TAXOL was administered following cisplatin. The metabolism of TAXOL is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 isoen-zymes CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. In the absence of formal clinical drug interaction studies, caution should be exercised when administering TAXOL concomitantly with known substrates or inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. Potential interactions between TAXOL, a substrate of CYP3A4, and protease inhibitors (ritonavir, saquinavir, indinavir, and nelfinavir), which are substrates and/or inhibitors of CYP3A4, have not been evaluated in clinical trials. Reports in the literature suggest that plasma levels of doxorubicin (and its active metabolite doxorubicinol) may be increased when paclitaxel and doxorubicin are used in combination. Hematology: TAXOL therapy should not be administered to patients with baseline neutrophil counts of less than 1,500 cells/mm3. In order to monitor the occurrence of myelotoxicity, it is recommended that frequent peripheral blood cell counts be performed on all patients receiving TAXOL. Patients should not be re-treated with subsequent cycles of TAXOL until neutrophils recover to a level 1500 cells/mm3 and platelets recover to a level 100,000 cells/mm3. In the case of severe neutropenia ( 500 cells/mm3 for seven days or more) during a course of TAXOL therapy, a 20% reduction in dose for subsequent courses of therapy is recommended. For patients with advanced HIV disease and poor-risk AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma, TAXOL, at the recommended dose for this disease, can be initiated and repeated if the neutrophil count is at least 1000 cells/mm3. Hypersensitivity Reactions: Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to products containing Cremophor EL (eg, cyclosporin for injection concentrate and teniposide for injection concentrate) should not be treated with TAXOL. In order to avoid the occurrence of severe hypersensitivity reactions, all patients treated with TAXOL should be premedicated with corticosteroids (such as dexamethasone), diphen-hydramine and H2 antagonists (such as cimetidine or ranitidine). Minor symptoms such as flushing, skin reactions, dyspnea, hypotension, or tachycardia do not require interruption of therapy. However, severe reactions, such as hypotension requiring treatment, dyspnea requiring bronchodilators, angioedema, or generalized urticaria require immediate discontinuation of TAXOL and aggressive symptomatic therapy. Patients who have developed severe hypersensitivity reactions should not be rechallenged with TAXOL. Cardiovascular: Hypotension, bradycardia, and hypertension have been observed during administration of TAXOL, but generally do not require treatment. Occasionally TAXOL infusions must be interrupted or discontinued because of initial or recurrent hypertension. Frequent vital sign monitoring, particularly during the first hour of TAXOL infusion, is recommended. Continuous cardiac monitoring is not required except for patients with serious conduction abnormalities. Nervous System: Although the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy is frequent, the development of severe symptomatology is unusual and requires a dose reduction of 20% for all subsequentcourses of TAXOL. TAXOL contains dehydrated alcohol USP, 396 mg/mL; consideration should be given to possible CNS and other effects of alcohol. Hepatic: There is limited evidence that the myelotoxicity of TAXOL may be exacerbated in patients with serum total bilirubin 2 times ULN. Extreme caution should be exercised when administering TAXOL to such patients, with dose reduction as recommended in DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Table 17. InjectionSite Reaction: Injection site reactions, including reactions secondary to extravasation, were usually mild and consisted of erythema, tenderness, skin discoloration, or swelling at the injection site. These reactions have been observed more frequently with the 24-hour infusion than with the 3-hour infusion. Recurrence of skin reactions at a site of previous extravasation following administration of TAXOL at a different site, ie, recall, has been reported rarely. Rare reports of more severe events such as phlebitis, cellulitis, induration, skin exfoliation, necrosis, and fibrosis have been received as part of the continuing surveillance of TAXOL safety. In some cases the onset of the injection site reaction either occurred during a prolonged infusion or was delayed by a week to ten days. A specific treatment for extravasation reactions is unknown at this time. Given the possibility of extravasation, it is advisable to closely monitor the infusion site for possible infiltration during drug administration." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5049 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T8", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T10", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T11", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T12", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "protease inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ritonavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "saquinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nelfinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "doxorubicinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T22", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T23", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T24", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1488, 1493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T25", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1693, 1698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T26", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1866, 1871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2128, 2139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "teniposide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2170, 2180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T29", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2235, 2240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T30", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2339, 2344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T31", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 2373, 2388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dexamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2398, 2411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H2 antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 2435, 2449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2459, 2469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2473, 2483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T36", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "bronchodilators" ], "offsets": [ [ 2698, 2713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T37", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2789, 2794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T38", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2925, 2930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T39", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3035, 3040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T40", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3095, 3100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T41", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3263, 3268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T42", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3596, 3601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T43", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3603, 3608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 3720, 3727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T45", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3790, 3795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T46", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3923, 3928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T47", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 4433, 4438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T48", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TAXOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 4678, 4683 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_R4", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T27", "arg2_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T29", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T28", "arg2_id": "Paclitaxel_ddi_T29", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Calcium Supplements/Antacids Products containing calcium and other multivalent cations (such as aluminum, magnesium, iron) are likely to interfere with absorption of Ibandronate. Ibandronate should be taken at least 60 minutes before any oral medications containing multivalent cations (including antacids, supplements or vitamins). H2 Blockers and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Of over 3500 patients enrolled in the Ibandronate osteoporosis Treatment and Prevention Studies, 15% used anti-peptic agents (primarily H2 blockers and PPIs). Among these patients, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse experiences in the patients treated with Ibandronate was similar to that in placebo-treated patients. Similarly, of over 1600 patients enrolled in a study comparing once-monthly with daily dosing regimens of ibandronate, 14% of patients used anti-peptic agents. Among these patients, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse experiences in the patients treated with Ibandronate 150 mg once monthly was similar to that in patients treated with Ibandronate 2.5 mg once daily. Aspirin/Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) In the large, placebo-controlled osteoporosis Treatment Study, aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were taken by 62% of the 2946 patients. Among aspirin or NSAID users, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse events in patients treated with ibandronate 2.5 mg daily (28.9%) was similar to that in placebo-treated patients (30.7%). Similarly, in the 1-year monthly comparison study, aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were taken by 39% of the 1602 patients. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal events in patients concomitantly taking aspirin or NSAIDs was similar in patients taking ibandronate 2.5 mg daily (21.7%) and 150 mg once monthly (22.0%). However, since aspirin, NSAIDs, and bisphosphonates are all associated with gastrointestinal irritation, caution should be exercised in the concomitant use of aspirin or NSAIDs with Ibandronate. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Bisphosphonates are known to interfere with the use of bone-imaging agents. Specific studies with ibandronate have not been performed." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2192 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aluminum" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamins" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H2 Blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Proton Pump Inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "PPIs" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H2 blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "PPIs" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 992 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T21", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T24", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1205, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T26", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAID" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T29", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1545, 1552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T31", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1714, 1721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1725, 1731 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1763, 1774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T34", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1844, 1851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1853, 1859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T36", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "bisphosphonates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1865, 1880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T37", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1988, 1995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T38", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1999, 2005 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2011, 2022 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T40", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Bisphosphonates" ], "offsets": [ [ 2058, 2073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ibandronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2156, 2167 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R6", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R7", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T37", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T39", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ibandronate_ddi_R8", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T38", "arg2_id": "Ibandronate_ddi_T39", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Felodipine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "CYP3A4 Inhibitors Felodipine is metabolized by CYP3A4. Co-administration of CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, ketoconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice, cimetidine) with felodipine may lead to several- fold increases in the plasma levels of felodipine, either due to an increase in bioavailability or due to a decrease in metabolism. These increases in concentration may lead to increased effects, (lower blood pressure and increased heart rate). These effects have been observed with co-administration of itraconazole (a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor). Caution should be used when CYP3A4 inhibitors are co-administered with felodipine. A conservative approach to dosing felodipine should be taken. The following specific interactions have been reported: Itraconazole Co-administration of another extended release formulation of felodipine with itraconazole resulted in approximately 8-fold increase in the AUC, more than 6- fold increase in the Cmax, and 2-fold prolongation in the half- life of felodipine. Erythromycin Co-administration of felodipine (PLENDIL) with erythromycin resulted in approximately 2.5- fold increase in the AUC and Cmax, and about 2- fold prolongation in the half- life of felodipine. Grapefruit juice Co-administration of felodipine with grapefruit juice resulted in more than 2-fold increase in the AUC and Cmax, but no prolongation in the half- life of felodipine. Cimetidine Co-administration of felodipine with cimetidine (a non-specific CYP-450 inhibitor) resulted in an increase of approximately 50% in the AUC and the Cmax, of felodipine. Beta-Blocking Agents A pharmacokinetic study of felodipine in conjunction with metoprolol demonstrated no significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of felodipine. The AUC and Cmax of metoprolol, however, were increased approximately 31 and 38%, respectively. In controlled clinical trials, however, beta blockers including metoprolol were concurrently administered with felodipine and were well tolerated. Digoxin When given concomitantly with PLENDIL the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in patients with heart failure were not significantly altered. Anticonvulsants: In a pharmacokinetic study, maximum plasma concentrations of felodipine were considerably lower in epileptic patients on long-term anticonvulsant therapy (eg, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or phenobarbital) than in healthy volunteers. In such patients, the mean area under the felodipine plasma concentration-time curve was also reduced to approximately 6% of that observed in healthy volunteers. Since a clinically significant interaction may be anticipated, alternative antihypertensive therapy should be considered in these patients. Tacrolimus Felodipine may increase the blood concentration of tacrolimus. When given concomitantly with felodipine, the tacrolimus blood concentration should be followed and the tacrolimus dose may need to be adjusted. Other Concomitant Therapy In healthy subjects there were no clinically significant interactions when felodipine was given concomitantly with indomethacin or spironolactone. Interaction with Food See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3151 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "itraconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "itraconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "itraconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "PLENDIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1055, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1427, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1562, 1572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1623, 1633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "metoprolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1654, 1664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1728, 1738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "metoprolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1760, 1770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "beta blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1876, 1889 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "metoprolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1900, 1910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1947, 1957 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "PLENDIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2022, 2029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2054, 2061 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Anticonvulsants" ], "offsets": [ [ 2125, 2140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2203, 2213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T37", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticonvulsant" ], "offsets": [ [ 2273, 2287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2301, 2310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2312, 2325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 2330, 2343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2415, 2425 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antihypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 2610, 2626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2687, 2697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tacrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 2738, 2748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2780, 2790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tacrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 2796, 2806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2997, 3007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3037, 3049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "spironolactone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3053, 3067 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T37", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T38", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T39", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Felodipine_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Felodipine_ddi_T40", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Amiodarone is metabolized to desethylamiodarone by the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme group, specifically cytochromes P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and CYP2C8. The CYP3A4 isoenzyme is present in both the liver and intestines. Amiodarone is also known to be an inhibitor of CYP3A4. Therefore, amiodarone has the potential for interactions with drugs or substances that may be substrates, inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. While only a limited number of in vivo drug-drug interactions with amiodarone have been reported, chiefly with the oral formulation, the potential for other interactions should be anticipated. This is especially important for drugs associated with serious toxicity, such as other antiarrhythmics. If such drugs are needed, their dose should be reassessed and, where appropriate, plasma concentration measured. In view of the long and variable half-life of amiodarone, potential for drug interactions exists not only with concomitant medication but also with drugs administered after discontinuation of amiodarone. Since amiodarone is a substrate for CYP3A4 and CYP2C8, drugs/substances that inhibit these isoenzymes may decrease the metabolism and increase serum concentration of amiodarone. Reported examples include the following: Protease Inhibitors: Protease inhibitors are known to inhibit CYP3A4 to varying degrees. A case report of one patient taking amiodarone 200 mg and indinavir 800 mg three times a day resulted in increases in amiodarone concentrations from 0.9 mg/L to 1.3 mg/L. DEA concentrations were not affected. There was no evidence of toxicity. Monitoring for amiodarone toxicity and serial measurement of amiodarone serum concentration during concomitant protease inhibitor therapy should be considered. Histamine H2 antagonists: Cimetidine inhibits CYP3A4 and can increase serum amiodarone levels. Other substances: Grapefruit juice given to healthy volunteers increased amiodarone AUC by 50% and Cmax by 84%, resulting in increased plasma levels of amiodarone. Grapefruit juice should not be taken during treatment with oral amiodarone. This information should be considered when changing from intravenous amiodarone to oral amiodarone . Amiodarone may suppress certain CYP450 enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. This inhibition can result in unexpectedly high plasma levels of other drugs which are metabolized by those CYP450 enzymes. Reported examples of this interaction include the following: Immunosuppressives: Cyclosporine (CYP3A4 substrate) administered in combination with oral amiodarone has been reported to produce persistently elevated plasma concentrations of cyclosporine resulting in elevated creatinine, despite reduction in dose of cyclosporine. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Simvastatin (CYP3A4 substrate) in combination with amiodarone has been associated with reports of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis. Cardiovasculars: Cardiac glycosides: In patients receiving digoxin therapy, administration of oral amiodarone regularly results in an increase in serum digoxin concentration that may reach toxic levels with resultant clinical toxicity. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with digoxin increases the serum digoxin concentration by 70% after one day. On administration of oral amiodarone, the need for digitalis therapy should be reviewed and the dose reduced by approximately 50% or discontinued. If digitalis treatment is continued, serum levels should be closely monitored and patients observed for clinical evidence of toxicity. These precautions probably should apply to digitoxin administration as well. Antiarrhythmics: Other antiarrhythmic drugs, such as quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, and phenytoin, have been used concurrently with amiodarone. There have been case reports of increased steady-state levels of quinidine, procainamide, and phenytoin during concomitant therapy with amiodarone. Phenytoin decreases serum amiodarone levels. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with quinidine increases quinidine serum concentration by 33% after two days. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with procainamide for less than seven days increases plasma concentrations of procainamide and n-acetyl procainamide by 55% and 33%, respectively. Quinidine and procainamide doses should be reduced by one-third when either is administered with amiodarone. Plasma levels of flecainide have been reported to increase in the presence of oral amiodarone; because of this, the dosage of flecainide should be adjusted when these drugs are administered concomitantly. In general, any added antiarrhythmic drug should be initiated at a lower than usual dose with careful monitoring. Combination of amiodarone with other antiarrhythmic therapy should be reserved for patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias who are incompletely responsive to a single agent or incompletely responsive to amiodarone. During transfer to oral amiodarone, the dose levels of previously administered agents should be reduced by 30 to 50% several days after the addition of oral amiodarone. The continued need for the other antiarrhythmic agent should be reviewed after the effects of amiodarone have been established, and discontinuation ordinarily should be attempted. If the treatment is continued, these patients should be particularly carefully monitored for adverse effects, especially conduction disturbances and exacerbation of tachyarrhythmias, as amiodarone is continued. In amiodarone-treated patients who require additional antiarrhythmic therapy, the initial dose of such agents should be approximately half of the usual recommended dose. Antihypertensives: Amiodarone should be used with caution in patients receiving -receptor blocking agents (e.g., propranolol, a CYP3A4 inhibitor) or calcium channel antagonists (e.g., verapamil, a CYP3A4 substrate, and diltiazem, a CYP3A4 inhibitor) because of the possible potentiation of bradycardia, sinus arrest, and AV block; if necessary, amiodarone can continue to be used after insertion of a pacemaker in patients with severe bradycardia or sinus arrest. Anticoagulants: Potentiation of warfarin-type (CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 substrate) anticoagulant response is almost always seen in patients receiving amiodarone and can result in serious or fatal bleeding. Since the concomitant administration of warfarin with amiodarone increases the prothrombin time by 100% after 3 to 4 days, the dose of the anticoagulant should be reduced by one-third to one-half, and prothrombin times should be monitored closely. Some drugs/substances are known to accelerate the metabolism of amiodarone by stimulating the synthesis of CYP3A4 (enzyme induction). This may lead to low amiodarone serum levels and potential decrease in efficacy. Reported examples of this interaction include the following: Antibiotics: Rifampin is a potent inducer of CYP3A4. Administration of rifampin concomitantly with oral amiodarone has been shown to result in decreases in serum concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone. Other substances, including herbal preparations: St. John s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) induces CYP3A4. Since amiodarone is a substrate for CYP3A4, there is the potential that the use of St. John s Wort in patients receiving amiodarone could result in reduced amiodarone levels. Other reported interactions with amiodarone: Fentanyl (CYP3A4 substrate) in combination with amiodarone may cause hypotension, bradycardia, and decreased cardiac output. Sinus bradycardia has been reported with oral amiodarone in combination with lidocaine (CYP3A4 substrate) given for local anesthesia. Seizure, associated with increased lidocaine concentrations, has been reported with concomitant administration of intravenous amiodarone. Dextromethorphan is a substrate for both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Amiodarone inhibits CYP2D6. Cholestyramine increases enterohepatic elimination of amiodarone and may reduce its serum levels and t1/2. Disopyramide increases QT prolongation which could cause arrhythmia. Fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics, and azoles are known to cause QTc prolongation. There have been reports of QTc prolongation, with or without TdP, in patients taking amiodarone when fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics, or azoles were administered concomitantly. Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic interactions have also been observed after concomitant administration with propranolol, diltiazem, and verapamil. Volatile Anesthetic Agents:. In addition to the interactions noted above, chronic ( 2 weeks) oral Cordarone administration impairs metabolism of phenytoin, dextromethorphan, and methotrexate. Electrolyte Disturbances Patients with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia should have the condition corrected whenever possible before being treated with Cordarone I.V., as these disorders can exaggerate the degree of QTc prolongation and increase the potential for TdP. Special attention should be given to electrolyte and acid-base balance in patients experiencing severe or prolonged diarrhea or in patients receiving concomitant diuretics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9036 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "desethylamiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antiarrhythmics" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Protease Inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Protease inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1591, 1601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1637, 1647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "protease inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1687, 1705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Histamine H2 antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 1736, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1762, 1772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1812, 1822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1904, 1914 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1983, 1993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2140, 2150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2159, 2169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2172, 2182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP1A2" ], "offsets": [ [ 2230, 2236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP2C9" ], "offsets": [ [ 2238, 2244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 2246, 2252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 2258, 2264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 2337, 2342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Immunosuppressive" ], "offsets": [ [ 2451, 2468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2471, 2483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 2485, 2491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2541, 2551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2628, 2640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2704, 2716 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 2718, 2746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2748, 2759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 2761, 2767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2799, 2809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cardiac glycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 2888, 2906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2930, 2937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2970, 2980 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3023, 3030 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3107, 3117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3143, 3150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3171, 3178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3241, 3251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T50", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 3266, 3275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 3365, 3374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digitoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3540, 3549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Antiarrhythmics" ], "offsets": [ [ 3574, 3589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T54", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic" ], "offsets": [ [ 3597, 3611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3627, 3636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T56", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 3638, 3650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T57", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "disopyramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 3652, 3664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T58", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3670, 3679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T59", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3714, 3724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T60", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3791, 3800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T61", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 3802, 3814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T62", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3820, 3829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3862, 3872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T64", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3874, 3883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T65", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3919, 3929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T66", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3955, 3964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T67", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3975, 3984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T68", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 4028, 4038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T69", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4064, 4076 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T70", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4137, 4149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T71", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4163, 4175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T72", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4206, 4215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T73", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 4303, 4313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T74", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flecainide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4332, 4342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T75", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 4398, 4408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T76", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flecainide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4441, 4451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T77", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 4482, 4487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T78", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 4542, 4561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T79", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 4649, 4659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T80", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic" ], "offsets": [ [ 4671, 4685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T81", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 4852, 4862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T82", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 4888, 4898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T83", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 5021, 5031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T84", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic" ], "offsets": [ [ 5066, 5080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T85", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 5127, 5137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T86", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 5399, 5409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T87", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 5427, 5437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T88", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic" ], "offsets": [ [ 5478, 5492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T89", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Antihypertensives" ], "offsets": [ [ 5594, 5611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T90", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 5613, 5623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T91", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 5676, 5684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T92", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 5708, 5719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T93", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 5723, 5729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T94", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium channel" ], "offsets": [ [ 5744, 5759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T95", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 5779, 5788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T96", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 5792, 5798 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T97", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 5814, 5823 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T98", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 5827, 5833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T99", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 5940, 5950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T100", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 6059, 6073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T101", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 6091, 6099 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T102", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP2C9" ], "offsets": [ [ 6106, 6112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T103", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 6117, 6123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T104", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anticoagulant" ], "offsets": [ [ 6135, 6148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T105", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6202, 6212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T106", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 6298, 6306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T107", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6312, 6322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T108", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anticoagulant" ], "offsets": [ [ 6397, 6410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T109", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 6511, 6516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T110", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6570, 6580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T111", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 6613, 6619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T112", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6661, 6671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T113", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 6782, 6793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T114", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 6795, 6803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T115", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 6827, 6833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T116", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 6853, 6861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T117", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6886, 6896 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T118", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6962, 6972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T119", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "desethylamiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6977, 6995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T120", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7107, 7117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T121", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 7137, 7143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T122", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7222, 7232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T123", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7257, 7267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T124", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7309, 7319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T125", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 7321, 7329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T126", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 7331, 7337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T127", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7369, 7379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T128", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7492, 7502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T129", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 7523, 7532 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T130", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 7534, 7540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T131", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 7568, 7578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T132", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 7615, 7624 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T133", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7706, 7716 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T134", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dextromethorphan" ], "offsets": [ [ 7718, 7734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T135", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 7759, 7765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T136", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP3A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 7770, 7776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T137", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7778, 7788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T138", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 7798, 7804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T139", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 7806, 7820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T140", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 7860, 7870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T141", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "t1" ], "offsets": [ [ 7907, 7909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T142", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Disopyramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 7913, 7925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T143", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fluoroquinolones" ], "offsets": [ [ 7982, 7998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T144", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "macrolide antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 8000, 8021 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T145", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 8156, 8166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T146", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluoroquinolones" ], "offsets": [ [ 8172, 8188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T147", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "macrolide antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 8190, 8211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T148", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 8366, 8377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T149", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 8379, 8388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T150", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 8394, 8403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T151", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Anesthetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 8414, 8424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T152", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cordarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 8504, 8513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T153", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 8551, 8560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T154", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dextromethorphan" ], "offsets": [ [ 8562, 8578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T155", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 8584, 8596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T156", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cordarone I.V." ], "offsets": [ [ 8747, 8761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T157", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 9026, 9035 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T18", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T19", "arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amiodarone_ddi_R4", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T49", "arg2_id": "Amiodarone_ddi_T50", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Certain other antibiotics (aminoglycosides and polymyxin) have also been reported to interfere with the nerve transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Based on this reported activity, they should not be given concomitantly with Coly-Mycin M Parenteral except with the greatest caution. Curariform muscle relaxants (eg, tubocurarine) and other drugs, including ether, succinylcholine, gallamine, decamethonium and sodium citrate, potentiate the neuromuscular blocking effect and should be used with extreme caution in patients being treated with Coly-Mycin M Parenteral. Sodium cephalothin may enhance the nephrotoxicity of Coly-Mycin M Parenteral. The concomitant use of sodium cephalothin and Coly-Mycin M Parenteral should be avoided." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 739 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "polymyxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T4", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Coly-Mycin M" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Curariform muscle relaxants" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tubocurarine" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "succinylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "gallamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "decamethonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sodium citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 416, 430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T11", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Coly-Mycin M" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Sodium cephalothin" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T13", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Coly-Mycin M" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sodium cephalothin" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T15", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Coly-Mycin M" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Colistimethate_ddi_R8", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Colistimethate_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interactions for vitamin D analogues (Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3, Calcitriol, and Calcidiol): Cholestyramine: Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat soluble vitamins; as such it may impair intestinal absorption of any of vitamin D. Phenytoin/Phenobarbital: The coadministration of phenytoin or phenobarbital will not affect plasma concentrations of vitamin D, but may reduce endogenous plasma levels of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol by accelerating metabolism. Since blood level of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol will be reduced, higher doses of Rocaltrol may be necessary if these drugs are administered simultaneously. Thiazides: Thiazides are known to induce hypercalcemia by the reduction of calcium excretion in urine. Some reports have shown that the concomitant administration of thiazides with vitamin D causes hypercalcemia. Therefore, precaution should be taken when coadministration is necessary. Digitalis: Vitamin D dosage must be determined with care in patients undergoing treatment with digitalis, as hypercalcemia in such patients may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias. Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole may inhibit both synthetic and catabolic enzymes of vitamin D. Reductions in serum endogenous vitamin D concentrations have been observed following the administration of 300 mg/day to 1200 mg/day ketoconazole for a week to healthy men. However, in vivo drug interaction studies of ketoconazole with vitamin D have not been investigated. Corticosteroids: A relationship of functional antagonism exists between vitamin D analogues, which promote calcium absorption, and corticosteroids, which inhibit calcium absorption. Phosphate-Binding Agents: Since vitamin D also has an effect on phosphate transport in the intestine, kidneys and bones, the dosage of phosphate-binding agents must be adjusted in accordance with the serum phosphate concentration. Vitamin D: The coadministration of any of the vitamin D analogues should be avoided as this could create possible additive effects and hypercalcemia. Calcium Supplements: Uncontrolled intake of additional calcium-containing preparations should be avoided. Magnesium: Magnesium-containing preparations (eg, antacids) may cause hypermagnesemia and should therefore not be taken during therapy with vitamin D by patients on chronic renal dialysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2326 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Vitamin D2" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Vitamin D3" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Calcitriol" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Calcidiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "fat soluble vitamins" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcitriol" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcitriol" ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T17", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Rocaltrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Thiazides" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Thiazides" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T20", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazides" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1425 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T31", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1469, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1541, 1550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1600, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T34", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1683, 1692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1882, 1891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T36", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1928, 1937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2032, 2039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2087, 2094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2138, 2147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2149, 2158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T41", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 2188, 2196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T42", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 2278, 2287 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T26", "arg2_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T32", "arg2_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T33", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T40", "arg2_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T42", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T41", "arg2_id": "Cholecalciferol_ddi_T42", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tissue culture and animal studies indicate that ELSPAR can diminish or abolish the effect of methotrexate on malignant cells.14 This effect on methotrexate activity persists as long as plasma asparagine levels are suppressed. These results would seem to dictate against the clinical use of methotrexate with ELSPAR, or during the period following ELSPAR therapy when plasma asparagine levels are below normal." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 409 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ELSPAR" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ELSPAR" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T6", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ELSPAR" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Asparaginase_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Asparaginase_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Human growth hormone - Concomitant use of L-glutamine and human growth hormone may enhance nutrient absorption in those with severe short bowel syndrome. L-glutamine has orphan drug status for this indication. Indomethacin - Concomitant use of L-glutamine and indomethacin may ameliorate increased intestinal permeability caused by indomethacin. The reported dose used for L-glutamine was 21 grams daily taken in divided doses three times a day. Further, misoprostol is reported to have a synergistic effect with this combination in ameliorating intestinal permeability. Methotrexate - There is one report that methotrexate may decrease the possible effectiveness of supplemental L-glutamine for chemotherapy-induced mucositis. In another report, nine patients with breast cancer were reported to have decreased symptoms of methotrexate-related toxicity when given supplemental L-glutamine at a dose of 0.5 gram/kilogram/day. Paclitaxel - In one report, L-glutamine at a dose of 10 grams three times daily, given 24 hours after receiving paclitaxel, appeared to prevent the development of myalgia and arthralgia, adverse reactions of paclitaxel." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1145 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Human growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "L-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "human growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "L-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "L-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "L-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "misoprostol" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "L-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "L-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 889 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 936 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "L-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "L-Glutamine_ddi_T18", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Amifostine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Special consideration should be given to the administration of ETHYOL in patients receiving antihypertensive medications or other drugs that could cause or potentiate hypotension." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 179 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Amifostine_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ETHYOL" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amifostine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihypertensive medications" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Amifostine_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Amifostine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Amifostine_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Carbenicillin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Geocillin (carbenicillin indanyl sodium) blood levels may be increased and prolonged by concurrent administration of probenecid." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Geocillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbenicillin indanyl sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "probenecid" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Carbenicillin_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Exemestane_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Exemestane is extensively metabolized by CYP 3A4, but coadministration of ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP 3A4, has no significant effect on exemestane pharmacokinetics. Significant pharmacokinetic interactions mediated by inhibition of CYP isoenzymes therefore appear unlikely. Co-medications that induce CYP 3A4 (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, or St. John s wort) may significantly decrease exposure to exemestane. Dose modification is recommended for patients who are also receiving a potent CYP 3A4 inducer. Drug/Laboratory Tests Interactions No clinically relevant changes in the results of clinical laboratory tests have been observed." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 676 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Exemestane" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "exemestane" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "exemestane" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Exemestane_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Exemestane_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Famciclovir_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Concurrent use with probenecid or other drugs significantly eliminated by active renal tubular secretion may result in increased plasma concentrations of penciclovir. The conversion of 6-deoxy penciclovir to penciclovir is catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase. Interactions with other drugs metabolized by this enzyme could potentially occur." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 335 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Famciclovir_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "probenecid" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Famciclovir_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "penciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Famciclovir_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "6-deoxy penciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Famciclovir_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "penciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Famciclovir_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Famciclovir_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Famciclovir_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Acidifying agents: Gastrointestinal acidifying agents (guanethidine, reserpine, glutamic acid HCl, ascorbic acid, fruit juices, etc.) lower absorption of amphetamines. Urinary acidifying agents (ammonium chloride, sodium acid phosphate, etc.) increase the concentration of the ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby increasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines. Adrenergic blockers: Adrenergic blockers are inhibited by amphetamines. Alkalinizing agents: Gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents (sodium bicarbonate, etc.) increase absorption of amphetamines. Urinary alkalinizing agents (acetazolamide, some thiazides) increase the concentration of the non-ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby decreasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents increase blood levels and therefore potentiate the actions of amphetamines. Antidepressants, tricyclic: Amphetamines may enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents; d-amphetamine with desipramine or protriptyline and possibly other tricyclics cause striking and sustained increases in the concentration of d-amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated. MAO inhibitors: MAOI antidepressants, as well as a metabolite of furazolidone, slow amphetamine metabolism. This slowing potentiates amphetamines, increasing their effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings; this can cause headaches and other signs of hypertensive crisis. A variety of neurological toxic effects and malignant hyperpyrexia can occur, sometimes with fatal results. Antihistamines: Amphetamines may counteract the sedative effect of antihistamines. Antihypertensives: Amphetamines may antagonize the hypotensive effects of antihypertensives. Chlorpromazine: Chlorpromazine blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamines, and can be used to treat amphetamine poisoning. Ethosuximide: Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of ethosuximide. Haloperidol: Haloperidol blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamines. Lithium carbonate: The stimulatory effects of amphetamines may be inhibited by lithium carbonate. Meperidine: Amphetamines potentiate the analgesic effect of meperidine. Methenamine therapy: Urinary excretion of amphetamines is increased, and efficacy is reduced, by acidifying agents used in methenamine therapy. Norepinephrine: Amphetamines enhance the adrenergic effect of norepinephrine. Phenobarbital: Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenobarbital; co-administration of phenobarbital may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action. Phenytoin: Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenytoin; co-administration of phenytoin may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action. Propoxyphene: In cases of propoxyphene overdosage, amphetamine CNS stimulation is potentiated and fatal convulsions can occur. Veratrum alkaloids: Amphetamines inhibit the hypotensive effect of veratrum alkaloids. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions: Amphetamines can cause a significant elevation in plasma corticosteroid levels. This increase is greatest in the evening. Amphetamines may interfere with urinary steroid determinations." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3361 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Acidifying agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Gastrointestinal acidifying agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "guanethidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "reserpine" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "glutamic acid HCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Urinary acidifying agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ammonium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sodium acid phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Adrenergic blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Adrenergic blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sodium bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetazolamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazides" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic" ], "offsets": [ [ 921, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sympathomimetic agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "d-amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "desipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "protriptyline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "d-amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAOI antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "furazolidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1306, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T36", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T37", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1651, 1665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T38", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1667, 1679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T39", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T40", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antihypertensives" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T41", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1753, 1765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T42", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihypertensives" ], "offsets": [ [ 1808, 1825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Chlorpromazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1827, 1841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Chlorpromazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1843, 1857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T45", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1952, 1964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T46", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1991, 2002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ethosuximide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2014, 2026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T48", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2028, 2040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethosuximide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2076, 2088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T50", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2090, 2101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2103, 2114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T52", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2209, 2221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lithium carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2223, 2240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T54", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2269, 2281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2302, 2319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T56", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Meperidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2321, 2331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T57", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2333, 2345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T58", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "meperidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2381, 2391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T59", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Methenamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2393, 2404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T60", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2435, 2447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T61", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "acidifying agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 2490, 2507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T62", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methenamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2516, 2527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2537, 2551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T64", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2553, 2565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T65", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2599, 2613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T66", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 2615, 2628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T67", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2630, 2642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T68", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 2678, 2691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T69", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 2714, 2727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T70", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2777, 2786 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T71", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2788, 2800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T72", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2836, 2845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T73", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2868, 2877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T74", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Propoxyphene" ], "offsets": [ [ 2927, 2939 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T75", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propoxyphene" ], "offsets": [ [ 2953, 2965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T76", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2978, 2989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T77", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Veratrum alkaloids" ], "offsets": [ [ 3054, 3072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T78", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 3074, 3086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T79", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "veratrum alkaloids" ], "offsets": [ [ 3121, 3139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T80", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 3176, 3188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T81", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 3233, 3247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T82", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Amphetamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 3298, 3310 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

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[ { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R12", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T19", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R13", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R14", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R15", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T27", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T28", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R16", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T27", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T29", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R17", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T27", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T30", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R18", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T33", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T35", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R19", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T34", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T35", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R20", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T38", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T39", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R21", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T41", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T42", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R22", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T44", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T45", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R23", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T48", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T49", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R24", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T51", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T52", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R25", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T54", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T55", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R26", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T57", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T58", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R27", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T60", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T61", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R28", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T65", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R29", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T67", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T68", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R30", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T71", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T72", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R31", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T75", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T76", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R32", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T78", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T79", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_R33", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T80", "arg2_id": "Dextroamphetamine_ddi_T81", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interactions between COPAXONE and other drugs have not been fully evaluated. Results from existing clinical trials suggest no significant interactions between COPAXONE and other therapies commonly used in MS patients, including the concurrent use of corticosteroids for up to 28 days. COPAXONE has not been formally evaluated in combination with Interferon beta. However, 10 patients who switched from therapy with Interferon beta to COPAXONE did not report any serious and unexpected adverse reactions thought to be related to treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 542 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COPAXONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COPAXONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi_T4", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COPAXONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Interferon beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Interferon beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Glatiramer Acetate_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COPAXONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

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[ { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Most (98%) of plasma doxazosin is protein bound. In vitro data in human plasma indicate that doxazosin mesylate has no effect on protein binding of digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin or indomethacin. There is no information on the effect of other highly plasma protein bound drugs on doxazosin binding. Doxazosin mesylate has been administered without any evidence of an adverse drug interaction to patients receiving thiazide diuretics, beta-blocking agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In a placebo-controlled trial in normal volunteers, the administration of a single 1 mg dose of doxazosin on day 1 of a four-day regimen of oral cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) resulted in a 10% increase in mean AUC of doxazosin (p=0.006), and a slight but not statistically significant increase in mean Cmax and mean half-life of doxazosin. The clinical significance of this increase in doxazosin AUC is unknown. In clinical trials, doxazosin mesylate tablets have been administered to patients on a variety of concomitant medications; while no formal interaction studies have been conducted, no interactions were observed. Doxazosin mesylate tablets have been used with the following drugs or drug classes: 1. Analgesic/anti-inflammatory (e.g., acetaminophen, aspirin, codeine and codeine combinations, ibuprofen, indomethacin). 2. Antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin). 3. Antihistamines (e.g., chlorpheniramine). 4. Cardiovascular agents (e.g., atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol). 5. Corticosteroids. 6. Gastrointestinal agents (e.g., antacids). 7. Hypoglycemics and endocrine drugs. 8. Sedatives and tranquilizers (e.g., diazepam). 9. Cold and flu remedies." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1710 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin mesylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Doxazosin mesylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-blocking agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "doxazosin mesylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Doxazosin mesylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Analgesic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T20", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anti-inflammatory" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T22", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "codeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "codeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1330, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "trimethoprim" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfamethoxazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amoxicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1415, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "chlorpheniramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atenolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1488, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1498, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1519, 1530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T37", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T38", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1587, 1595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T39", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Hypoglycemics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1601, 1614 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T40", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Sedatives" ], "offsets": [ [ 1639, 1648 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T41", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tranquilizers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 1674, 1682 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Doxazosin_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Doxazosin_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The effectiveness of progestin-only pills is reduced by hepatic enzyme-inducing drugs such as the anticonvulsants phenytoin, carbamazepine, and barbiturates, and the antituberculosis drug rifampin. No significant interaction has been found with broad-spectrum antibiotics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 272 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "progestin" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticonvulsants" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antituberculosis drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Norethindrone_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Norethindrone_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Carboplatin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The renal effects of nephrotoxic compounds may be potentiated by Carboplatin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Carboplatin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Carboplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In two controlled crossover clinical pharmacology studies in healthy male (n=12 in each study) a nd female (n=12 in each study) volunteers, desloratadine 7.5 mg (1.5 times the daily dose) once daily was coadministered with erythromycin 500 mg every 8 hours or ketoconazole 200 mg every 12 hours for 10 days. In three separate controlled, parallel group clinical pharmacology studies, desloratadine at the clinical dose of 5 mg has been coadministered with azithromycin 500 mg followed by 250 mg once daily for 4 days (n=18) or with fluoxetine 20 mg once daily for 7 days after a 23 day pretreatment period with fluoxetine (n=18) or with cimetidine 600 mg every 12 hours for 14 days (n=18) under steady state conditions to normal healthy male and female volunteers. Although increased plasma concentrations (C max and AUC 0-24 hrs) of desloratadine and 3-hydroxydesloratadine were observed , there were no clinically relevant changes in the safety profile of desloratadine, as assessed by electrocardiographic parameters (including the corrected QT interval), clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and adverse events. Table 1 Changes in Desloratadine and 3-Hydroxydesloratadine Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers Desloratadine 3-Hydroxydesloratadine C max AUC 0-24 hrs C max AUC 0-24 hrs Erythromycin (500 mg Q8h) +24% +14% +43% +40% Ketoconazole (200 mg Q12h) +45% +39% +43% +72% Azithromycin (500 mg day 1, 250 mg QD 4 days) +15% +5% +15% +4% Fluoxetine (20 mg QD) +15% +0% +17% +13% Cimetidine (600 mg Q12h) +12% +19% -11% -3%" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1553 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "desloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "desloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "azithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "desloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 847 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "3-hydroxydesloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "desloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Desloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "3-Hydroxydesloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Desloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "3-Hydroxydesloratadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Azithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1402, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1468, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Desloratadine_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1509, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Oxytocin or other oxytocics (concurrent use with dinoprost may result in uterine hypertonus, possibly causing uterine rupture or cervical laceration, especially in the absence of adequate cervical dilatation; although combinations are sometimes used for therapeutic advantage, when used concurrently, patient should be closely monitored." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 337 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Oxytocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "oxytocics" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dinoprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Dinoprost Tromethamine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Eprosartan has been shown to have no effect on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin and the pharmacodynamics of warfarin and glyburide. Thus no dosing adjustments are necessary during concomitant use with these agents. Because eprosartan is not metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, inhibitors of CYP450 enzyme would not be expected to affect its metabolism, and ketoconazole and fluconazole, potent inhibitors of CYP3A and 2C9, respectively, have been shown to have no effect on eprosartan pharmacokinetics. Ranitidine also has no effect on eprosartan pharmacokinetics. Eprosartan (up to 400 mg b.i.d. or 800 mg q.d.) doses have been safely used concomitantly with a thiazide diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide). Eprosartan doses of up to 300 mg b.i.d. have been safely used concomitantly with sustained-release calcium channel blockers (sustained-release nifedipine) with no clinically significant adverse interactions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 916 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Eprosartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "glyburide" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "eprosartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "eprosartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "eprosartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Eprosartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Eprosartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "calcium channel blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Eprosartan_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No drug interactions have been reported between Prostin VR Pediatric and the therapy standard in neonates with restricted pulmonary or systemic blood flow. Standard therapy includes antibiotics, such as penicillin and gentamicin; vasopressors, such as dopamine and isoproterenol; cardiac glycosides; and diuretics, such as furosemide. Caverject: The potential for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between alprostadil and other agents has not been formally studied." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 470 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Prostin VR Pediatric" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "gentamicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vasopressors" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isoproterenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "cardiac glycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T11", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Caverject" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alprostadil_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alprostadil" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Corticotropin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Corticotropin may accentuate the electrolyte loss associated with diuretic therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Corticotropin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Corticotropin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Corticotropin_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Corticotropin_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Corticotropin_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Corticotropin_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "MAO inhibitors prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines. Antihistamines may have additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants, e.g., hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, antianxiety agents." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 227 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "CNS depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hypnotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sedatives" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tranquilizers" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antianxiety agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Cyproheptadine_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drugs that may increase dasatinib plasma concentrations CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Dasatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate. Concomitant use of SPRYCEL and drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 (eg, ketoconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ritonavir, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, saquinavir, telithromycin) may increase exposure to dasatinib and should be avoided. In patients receiving treatment with SPRYCEL, close monitoring for toxicity and a SPRYCEL dose reduction should be considered if systemic administration of a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be avoided. Drugs that may decrease dasatinib plasma concentrations CYP3A4 Inducers: Drugs that induce CYP3A4 activity may decrease dasatinib plasma concentrations. In patients in whom CYP3A4 inducers (eg, dexamethasone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampicin, phenobarbital) are indicated, alternative agents with less enzyme induction potential should be used. If SPRYCEL must be administered with a CYP3A4 inducer, a dose increase in SPRYCEL should be considered. St. Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum) may decrease SPRYCEL plasma concentrations unpredictably. Patients receiving SPRYCEL should not take St. Johns wort. Antacids: Nonclinical data demonstrate that the solubility of dasatinib is pH dependent. Simultaneous administration of SPRYCEL with antacids should be avoided. If antacid therapy is needed, the antacid dose should be administered at least 2 hours prior to or 2 hours after the dose of SPRYCEL. H2 Blockers/Proton Pump Inhibitors: Long-term suppression of gastric acid secretion by H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (eg, famotidine and omeprazole) is likely to reduce dasatinib exposure. The concomitant use of H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors with SPRYCEL is not recommended. The use of antacids should be considered in place of H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors in patients receiving SPRYCEL therapy. Drugs that may have their plasma concentration altered by dasatinib CYP3A4 Substrates: Dasatinib is a time-dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4. Therefore, CYP3A4 substrates known to have a narrow therapeutic index such as alfentanil, astemizole, terfenadine, cisapride, cyclosporine, fentanyl, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, tacrolimus, or ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine) should be administered with caution in patients receiving SPRYCEL. Hepatic Impairment There are currently no clinical studies with SPRYCEL in patients with impaired liver function (clinical studies have excluded patients with ALT and/or AST 2.5 times the upper limit of the normal range and/or total bilirubin 2 times the upper limit of the normal range). Metabolism of dasatinib is mainly hepatic. Caution is recommended in patients with hepatic impairment. Renal Impairment There are currently no clinical studies with SPRYCEL in patients with impaired renal function (clinical studies have excluded patients with serum creatinine concentration 1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range). Dasatinib and its metabolites are minimally excreted via the kidney. Since the renal excretion of unchanged dasatinib and its metabolites is 4%, a decrease in total body clearance is not expected in patients with renal insufficiency." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3211 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "itraconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ritonavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atazanavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nelfinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "saquinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "telithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T16", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T17", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dexamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 805 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T25", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T26", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T27", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1076, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T28", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1140, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T29", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T31", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T34", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1466, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H2 Blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1475, 1486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T36", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Proton Pump Inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1487, 1509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T37", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H2 blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1562, 1573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T38", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "proton pump inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1577, 1599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "famotidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1605, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1620, 1630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1652, 1661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T42", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H2 blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1695, 1706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T43", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "proton pump inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1710, 1732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T44", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1738, 1745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T45", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1777, 1785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T46", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H2 blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1819, 1830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T47", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "proton pump inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1834, 1856 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T48", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1879, 1886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1954, 1963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T50", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1983, 1992 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alfentanil" ], "offsets": [ [ 2112, 2122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "astemizole" ], "offsets": [ [ 2124, 2134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2136, 2147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T54", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cisapride" ], "offsets": [ [ 2149, 2158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2160, 2172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T56", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 2174, 2182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T57", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pimozide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2184, 2192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T58", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2194, 2203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T59", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sirolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 2205, 2214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T60", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tacrolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 2216, 2226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T61", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ergot alkaloids" ], "offsets": [ [ 2231, 2246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T62", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2248, 2258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dihydroergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2260, 2277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2337, 2344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T65", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2410, 2417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T66", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 2651, 2660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T67", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "SPRYCEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2802, 2809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T68", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 2977, 2986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T69", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dasatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 3085, 3094 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R12", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T31", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T32", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R13", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T33", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T34", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R14", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T37", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T41", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R15", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T38", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T41", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R16", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T39", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T41", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R17", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T40", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T41", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R18", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T42", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T44", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R19", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T43", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T44", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R20", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T46", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T48", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R21", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T47", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T48", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R22", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T51", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R23", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T52", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R24", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T53", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R25", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T54", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R26", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T55", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R27", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T56", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R28", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T57", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R29", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T58", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R30", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T59", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R31", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T60", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R32", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T61", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R33", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T62", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dasatinib_ddi_R34", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T63", "arg2_id": "Dasatinib_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No interactions have been observed between nizatidine and theophylline, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, lidocaine, phenytoin, and warfarin. Nizatidine does not inhibit the cytochrome P-450-linked drug-metabolizing enzyme system; therefore, drug interactions mediated by inhibition of hepatic metabolism are not expected to occur. In patients given very high doses (3900 mg) of aspirin daily, increases in serum salicylate levels were seen when nizatidine, 150 mg b.i.d., was administered concurrently." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 498 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nizatidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chlordiazepoxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lorazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Nizatidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T9", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "salicylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nizatidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Nizatidine_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Nizatidine_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interations Sulfapyridine may interact with any of the following: - Acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) (with long-term, high-dose use) or - Amiodarone (e.g., Cordarone) or - Anabolic steroids (nandrolone [e.g., Anabolin], oxandrolone [e.g., Anavar], oxymetholone [e.g., Anadrol], stanozolol [e.g., Winstrol]) or - Androgens (male hormones) or - Antithyroid agents (medicine for overactive thyroid) or - Carbamazepine (e.g., Tegretol) or - Carmustine (e.g., BiCNU) or - Chloroquine (e.g., Aralen) or - Dantrolene (e.g., Dantrium) or - Daunorubicin (e.g., Cerubidine) or - Disulfiram (e.g., Antabuse) or - Divalproex (e.g., Depakote) or - Estrogens (female hormones) or - Etretinate (e.g., Tegison) or - Gold salts (medicine for arthritis) or - Hydroxychloroquine (e.g., Plaquenil) or - Mercaptopurine (e.g., Purinethol) or - Naltrexone (e.g., Trexan) (with long-term, high-dose use) or - Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) containing estrogen or - Other anti-infectives by mouth or by injection (medicine for infection) or - Phenothiazines (acetophenazine [e.g., Tindal], chlorpromazine [e.g., Thorazine], fluphenazine [e.g., Prolixin], mesoridazine [e.g., Serentil], perphenazine [e.g., Trilafon], prochlorperazine [e.g., Compazine], promazine [e.g., Sparine], promethazine [e.g., Phenergan], thioridazine [e.g., Mellaril], trifluoperazine [e.g., Stelazine], triflupromazine [e.g., Vesprin], trimeprazine [e.g., Temaril]) or - Plicamycin (e.g., Mithracin) or - Valproic acid (e.g., Depakene) Use of sulfapyridine with these medicines may increase the chance of side effects affecting the liver - Acetohydroxamic acid (e.g., Lithostat) or - Dapsone or - Furazolidone (e.g., Furoxone) or - Nitrofurantoin (e.g., Furadantin) or - Primaquine or - Procainamide (e.g., Pronestyl) or - Quinidine (e.g., Quinidex) or - Quinine (e.g., Quinamm) or - Sulfoxone (e.g., Diasone) or - Vitamin K (e.g., AquaMEPHYTON, Synkayvite) Use of sulfapyridine with these medicines may increase the chance of side effects affecting the blood - Anticoagulants (blood thinners) or - Ethotoin (e.g., Peganone) or - Mephenytoin (e.g., Mesantoin) Use of sulfapyridine with these medicines may increase the chance of side effects of these medicines - Antidiabetics, oral (diabetes medicine you take by mouth) Use of oral antidiabetics with sulfapyridine may increase the chance of side effects affecting the blood and/or the side effects or oral antidiabetics - Methotrexate (e.g., Mexate) Use of methotrexate with sulfapyridine may increase the chance of side effects affecting the liver and/or the side effects of methotrexate - Methyldopa (e.g., Aldomet) Use of methyldopa with sulfapyridine may increase the chance of side effects affecting the liver and/or the blood - Phenytoin (e.g., Dilantin) Use of phenytoin with sulfapyridine may increase the chance of side effects affecting the liver and/or the side effects of phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2903 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Tylenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Cordarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Anabolic steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nandrolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T8", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Anabolin" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "oxandrolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T10", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Anavar" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "oxymetholone" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T12", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Anadrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "stanozolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T14", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Winstrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Androgens" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antithyroid agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T18", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Tegretol" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Carmustine" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T20", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "BiCNU" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Chloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T22", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Aralen" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 489 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dantrolene" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T24", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Dantrium" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Daunorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T26", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Cerubidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Disulfiram" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T28", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Antabuse" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Divalproex" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T30", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Depakote" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T31", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Estrogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Etretinate" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T33", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Tegison" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Gold" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Hydroxychloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T36", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Plaquenil" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mercaptopurine" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T38", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Purinethol" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T40", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Trexan" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T41", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T42", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "estrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T43", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anti-infectives" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T44", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Phenothiazines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetophenazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T46", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Tindal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chlorpromazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T48", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Thorazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluphenazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T50", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Prolixin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T51", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "mesoridazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T52", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Serentil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "perphenazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T54", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Trilafon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "prochlorperazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T56", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Compazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T57", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "promazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T58", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sparine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1253, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T59", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "promethazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T60", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Phenergan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T61", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "thioridazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1295, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T62", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Mellaril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1315, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "trifluoperazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T64", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Stelazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T65", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "triflupromazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T66", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Vesprin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T67", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "trimeprazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T68", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Temaril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T69", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Plicamycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T70", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Mithracin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T71", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Valproic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T72", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Depakene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T73", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1501, 1514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T74", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Acetohydroxamic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T75", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Lithostat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1626, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T76", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dapsone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1642, 1649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T77", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Furazolidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1655, 1667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T78", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Furoxone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1675, 1683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T79", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Nitrofurantoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1690, 1704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T80", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Furadantin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1712, 1722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T81", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Primaquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T82", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1745, 1757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T83", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Pronestyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1765, 1774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T84", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1781, 1790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T85", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Quinidex" ], "offsets": [ [ 1798, 1806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T86", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Quinine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1813, 1820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T87", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Quinamm" ], "offsets": [ [ 1828, 1835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T88", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Sulfoxone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1842, 1851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T89", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Diasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1859, 1866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T90", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Vitamin K" ], "offsets": [ [ 1873, 1882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T91", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AquaMEPHYTON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1890, 1902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T92", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Synkayvite" ], "offsets": [ [ 1904, 1914 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T93", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1923, 1936 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T94", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 2020, 2034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T95", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "blood thinner" ], "offsets": [ [ 2036, 2049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T96", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ethotoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2057, 2065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T97", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Peganone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2073, 2081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T98", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mephenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2088, 2099 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T99", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Mesantoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2107, 2116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T100", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2125, 2138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T101", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antidiabetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2221, 2234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T102", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidiabetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2291, 2304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T103", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2310, 2323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T104", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidiabetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2416, 2429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T105", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2432, 2444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T106", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Mexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2452, 2458 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T107", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2467, 2479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T108", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2485, 2498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T109", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2586, 2598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T110", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Methyldopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 2601, 2611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T111", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Aldomet" ], "offsets": [ [ 2619, 2626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T112", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methyldopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 2635, 2645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T113", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2651, 2664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T114", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2744, 2753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T115", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Dilantin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2761, 2769 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T116", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2778, 2787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T117", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfapyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2793, 2806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T118", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2894, 2903 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_R2", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T102", "arg2_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T103", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T107", "arg2_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T108", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T112", "arg2_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T113", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T116", "arg2_id": "Sulfapyridine_ddi_T117", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Dicloxacillin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tetracycline, a bacteriostatic antibiotic, may antagonize the bactercidal effect of penicillin and concurrent use of these drugs should be avoided." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 147 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dicloxacillin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Tetracycline" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dicloxacillin_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "bacteriostatic antibiotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dicloxacillin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Dicloxacillin_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dicloxacillin_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Dicloxacillin_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "There is no known drug interference with standard clinical laboratory tests. Steroids enhance the renal toxicity of edetate calcium disodium in animals. 7 Edetate calcium disodium interferes with the action of zinc insulin preparations by chelating the zinc. 7" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 260 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "edetate calcium disodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Edetate calcium disodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zinc insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zinc" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Edetic Acid_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "When Bezalip or Bezalip retard is used at the same time as other medicines or substances the following interactions must be taken into account: - Bezalip and Bezalip retard may enhance the action of anticoagulants of the coumarin type. For this reason, the dose of the anticoagulant should be reduced by 30 - 50% at the start of treatment with Bezalip or Bezalip retard and then titrated according to the blood clotting parameters . - The action of sulphonylureas and insulin may be enhanced by Bezalip or Bezalip retard. This may be due to an improved glucose utilization with simultaneous reduction in insulin requirement . - In isolated cases, a pronounced though reversible, impairment of renal function (accompanied by a corresponding increase in the serum creatinine level) has been reported in organ transplant patients receiving immuno-suppressant therapy and concomitant bezafibrate. Accordingly, renal function should be closely monitored in these patients and, in the event of relevant significant changes in laboratory parameters, bezafibrate should, if necessary, be discontinued . - When Bezalip or Bezalip retard is used concurrently with anion-exchange resins (e.g. cholestryramine), an interval of at least 2 hours should be maintained between the two medicines, since the absorption of Bezalip or Bezalip retard is impaired . - Perhexiline hydrogen maleate or MAO-inhibitors (with hepatotoxic potential) must not be administered together with Bezalip or Bezalip retard." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1487 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip retard" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T4", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip retard" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants of the coumarin type" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anticoagulant" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T8", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sulphonylureas" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T11", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T12", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip retard" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "immuno-suppressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "bezafibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "bezafibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T17", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T18", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip retard" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anion-exchange resins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestryramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1182, 1197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T21", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 1304, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T22", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip retard" ], "offsets": [ [ 1315, 1329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Perhexiline hydrogen maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1346, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "MAO-inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T25", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip" ], "offsets": [ [ 1461, 1468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T26", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Bezalip retard" ], "offsets": [ [ 1472, 1486 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R4", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R10", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R11", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R12", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R13", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R14", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R15", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R16", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_R17", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Bezafibrate_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "When given concurrently the following drugs may interact with thiazide diuretics. Alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics: potentiation of orthostatic hypotension may occur. Antidiabetic drugs: (oral agents and insulin) - dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic drug may be required. Other antihypertensive drugs: additive effect or potentiation. Cholestyramine and colestipol resins: Absorption of hydrochlorothiazide is impaired in the presence of anionic exchange resins. Single doses of either cholestyramine or colestipol resins bind the hydrochlorothiazide and reduce its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by up to 85 and 43 percent, respectively. Corticosteroids, ACTH: intensified electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia. Pressor amines (e.g., norepinephrine): possible decreased response to pressor amines but not sufficient to preclude their use. Skeletal muscle relaxants, nondepolarizing (e.g., tubocurarine): possible increased responsiveness to the muscle relaxant. Lithium: generally should not be given with diuretics. Diuretic agents reduce the renal clearance of lithium and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. Refer to the package insert for lithium preparations before use of such preparations with Hydrochlorothiazide. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: In some patients, the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Therefore, when Hydrochlorothiazide and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used concomitantly, the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect of the diuretic is obtained." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1694 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "narcotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antidiabetic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidiabetic drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihypertensive drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "colestipol" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resins" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anionic exchange resins" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "colestipol" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "resins" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ACTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 777 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Skeletal muscle relaxants" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tubocurarine" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "muscle relaxant" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1035, 1044 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Diuretic agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1123, 1130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1250 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T31", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "loop", "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1441, 1445 ], [ 1478, 1487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T34", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "potassium-sparing", "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1464 ], [ 1478, 1487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1469, 1487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1505, 1524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T37", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1529, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T38", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1673, 1681 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T15", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R4", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T26", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T26", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T28", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R7", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T29", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T30", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T32", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T33", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T32", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T34", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T32", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T35", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_R11", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Hydrochlorothiazide_ddi_T37", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "When administered concurrently, the following drugs may interact with amphotericin B: Antineoplastic agents: may enhance the potential for renal toxicity, bronchospasm and hypotension. Antineoplastic agents (e. g., nitrogen mustard, etc.) should be given concomitantly only with great caution. Corticosteroids and Corticotropin (ACTH): may potentiate amphotericin B- induced hypokalemia which may predispose the patient to cardiac dysfunction. Avoid concomitant use unless necessary to control side effects of amphotericin B. If used concomitantly, closely monitor serum electrolytes and cardiac function. Digitalis glycosides: amphotericin B-induced hypokalemia may potentiate digitalis toxicity. Serum potassium levels and cardiac function should be closely monitored and any deficit promptly corrected. Flucytosine: while a synergistic relationship with amphotericin B has been reported, concomitant use may increase the toxicity of flucytosine by possibly increasing its cellular uptake and/or impairing its renal excretion. Imidazoles (e. g., ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, etc.): in vitro and animal studies with the combination of amphotericin B and imidazoles suggest that imidazoles may induce fungal resistance to amphotericin B. Combination therapy should be administered with caution, especially in immunocompromised patients. Other nephrotoxic medications: agents such as aminoglycosides, cyclosporine, and pentamidine may enhance the potential for drug-induced renal toxicity, and should be used concomitantly only with great caution. Intensive monitoring of renal function is recommended in patients requiring any combination of nephrotoxic medications . Skeletal muscle relaxants: amphotericin B-induced hypokalemia may enhance the curariform effect of skeletal muscle relaxants (e.g., tubocurarine). Serum potassium levels should be monitored and deficiencies corrected. Leukocyte transfusions: acute pulmonary toxicity has been reported in patients receiving intravenous amphotericin B and leukocyte transfusions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2053 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antineoplastic agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antineoplastic agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nitrogen mustard" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Corticotropin" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Digitalis glycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Flucytosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flucytosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 947 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Imidazoles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1060 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1062, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clotrimazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "imidazoles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "imidazoles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentamidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1442, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T28", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Skeletal muscle relaxants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1692, 1717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 1719, 1733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "skeletal muscle relaxants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1791, 1816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tubocurarine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1824, 1836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "Leukocyte transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1910, 1932 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 2011, 2025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "leukocyte transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 2030, 2052 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T11", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T29", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T30", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T29", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T31", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T33", "arg2_id": "Amphotericin B_ddi_T34", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The results of a study of coadministration of ethambutol (50 mg/kg) with an aluminum hydroxide containing antacid to 13 patients with tuberculosis showed a reduction of mean serum concentrations and urinary excretion of ethambutol of approximately 20% and 13%, respectively, suggesting that the oral absorption of ethambutol may be reduced by these antacid products. It is recommended to avoid concurrent administration of ethambutol with aluminum hydroxide containing antacids for at least 4 hours following ethambutol administration." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 535 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethambutol" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aluminum hydroxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacid" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethambutol" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethambutol" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacid products" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethambutol" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aluminum hydroxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethambutol" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ethambutol_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Ethambutol_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Concomitant use with other calcium-containing medicines (including antacids) may cause too much calcium in the blood or urine, which may increase the chance of side effects. Using calcium acetate with digitalis glycosides (heart medicine) may cause hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood), which could increase the chance of developing an irregular heartbeat." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 365 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis glycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Calcium Acetate_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Caution should be exercised when the following drugs are administered concomitantly with LODOSYN (Carbidopa) given with levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products. For patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors, see CONTRAINDICATIONS. Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., phenothiazines, butyrophenones, risperidone) and isoniazid may reduce the therapeutic effects of levodopa. In addition, the beneficial effects of levodopa in Parkinsons disease have been reported to be reversed by phenytoin and papaverine. Patients taking these drugs with LODOSYN and levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products should be carefully observed for loss of therapeutic response. Iron salts may reduce the bioavailability of carbidopa and levodopa. The clinical relevance is unclear. Although metoclopramide may increase the bioavailability of levodopa by increasing gastric emptying, metoclopramide may also adversely affect disease control by its dopamine receptor antagonistic properties." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1000 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "LODOSYN" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Carbidopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbidopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "monoamine oxidase inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "phenothiazines" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "butyrophenones" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isoniazid" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 512 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "papaverine" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T16", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "LODOSYN" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbidopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 693 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbidopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levodopa" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T11", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carbidopa_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Carbidopa_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Dihydrotachysterol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Administration of thiazide diuretics to hypoparathyroid patients who are concurrently being treated with dihydrotachysterol may cause hypercalcemia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 148 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dihydrotachysterol_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dihydrotachysterol_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dihydrotachysterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Dihydrotachysterol_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dihydrotachysterol_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Dihydrotachysterol_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Terfenadine: In a prospective study involving six-healthy-male volunteers, dirithromycin did not affect the metabolism of terfenadine. These six volunteers received terfenadine alone (60 mg twice daily) for 8 days, followed by terfenadine in combination with dirithromycin (500 mg once daily) for 10 days. (Both drugs were thus dosed to steady state.) The pharmacokinetics of terfenadine and its acid metabolite and the electrocardiographic QT c interval were measured during both periods: with terfenadine alone, and with terfenadine plus dirithromycin. In five men, terfenadine levels were undetectable ( 5 ng/mL) throughout the study; in one man, the C max of terfenadine was 8.1 ng/mL with terfenadine alone and 7.2 ng/mL with terfenadine plus dirithromycin. The mean C max , T max , and AUC of the acid metabolite of terfenadine were not significantly changed. The mean QT c interval (msec) was 369 with terfenadine alone and 367 with terfenadine plus dirithromycin. Also, in vitro experiments demonstrated a lack of interaction between dirithromycin and terfenadine. Thus, the interaction observed between erythromycin and terfenadine is not expected for dirithromycin. Serious cardiac dysrhythmias, some resulting in death, have occurred in patients receiving terfenadine concomitantly with other macrolide antibiotics. In addition, most macrolides are contraindicated in patients receiving terfenadine therapy who have pre-existing cardiac abnormalities (arrhythmia, bradycardia, QT c interval prolongation, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, etc.) or electrolyte disturbances. Theophylline: Following co-administration of two 250-mg dirithromycin tablets administered once daily with 200-mg theophylline tablets administered twice daily for 10 days to 14 healthy subjects, the steady-state plasma concentration of theophylline was not significantly altered. In general, most patients treated with dirithromycin who are receiving concomitant theophylline therapy may not require empiric adjustment of theophylline dosage or monitoring of theophylline plasma concentrations. However, theophylline plasma concentrations should be monitored, with dosage adjustment as appropriate, in patients whose pulmonary disease requires maintaining a given theophylline plasma concentration for optimal pulmonary function or in patients with theophylline concentrations at the higher end of the therapeutic range. Antacids or H 2 receptor antagonists: When dirithromycin is administered immediately following antacids or H 2 -receptor antagonists, the absorption of dirithromycin is slightly enhanced. The following drug interactions have been reported with erythromycin products. It is presently not known whether these same drug interactions occur with dirithromycin. Until further data are available regarding the potential interaction of dirithromycin with these compounds, caution should be used during coadministration. Triazolam: Erythromycin has been reported to decrease the clearance of triazolam and, thus, may increase the pharmacologic effect of triazolam. Digoxin: Concomitant administration of erythromycin and digoxin has been reported to result in elevated digoxin serum levels. Anticoagulants: There have been reports of increased anticoagulant effects when erythromycin and oral anticoagulants were used concomitantly. Increased anticoagulation effects due to a drug interaction with erythromycin may be more pronounced in the elderly. Ergotamine: Concurrent use of erythromycin and ergotamine or dihydroergotamine has been associated in some patients with acute ergot toxicity characterized by severe peripheral vasospasm and dysesthesia. Other drugs Drug interactions have been reported with concomitant administration of erythromycin and other medications, including cyclosporine, hexobarbital, carbamazepine, alfentanil, disopyramide, phenytoin, bromocriptine, valproate, astemizole, and lovastatin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3931 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "macrolide antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1304, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "macrolides" ], "offsets": [ [ 1345, 1355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "terfenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1601, 1613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1657, 1670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1715, 1727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1838, 1850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1921, 1934 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1965, 1977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2024, 2036 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2061, 2073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2106, 2118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2266, 2278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2351, 2363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T40", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 2423, 2431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T41", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H 2 receptor antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 2435, 2459 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2466, 2479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T43", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 2518, 2526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T44", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H 2 -receptor antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 2530, 2555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2575, 2588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2667, 2679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2764, 2777 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2851, 2864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Triazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 2935, 2944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T50", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2946, 2958 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "triazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 3006, 3015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "triazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 3068, 3077 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3079, 3086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T54", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3118, 3130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3135, 3142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T56", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3183, 3190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T57", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 3205, 3219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T58", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3285, 3297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T59", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 3307, 3321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T60", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3412, 3424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T61", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3464, 3474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T62", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3494, 3506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3511, 3521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T64", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dihydroergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3525, 3542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3752, 3764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T66", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3798, 3810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T67", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hexobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 3812, 3824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T68", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3826, 3839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T69", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alfentanil" ], "offsets": [ [ 3841, 3851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T70", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "disopyramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 3853, 3865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T71", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3867, 3876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T72", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "bromocriptine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3878, 3891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T73", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "valproate" ], "offsets": [ [ 3893, 3902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T74", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "astemizole" ], "offsets": [ [ 3904, 3914 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T75", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3920, 3930 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R3", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T23", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T25", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T27", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T28", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T42", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T43", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T42", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T44", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T50", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T51", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T50", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T52", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T54", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T55", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R11", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T58", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T59", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R12", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T62", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T63", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R13", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T62", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T64", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R14", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T66", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R15", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T67", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R16", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T68", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R17", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T69", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R18", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T70", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R19", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T71", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R20", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T72", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R21", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T73", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R22", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T74", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_R23", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Dirithromycin_ddi_T75", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Anakinra_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No drug-drug interaction studies in human subjects have been conducted. Toxicologic and toxicokinetic studies in rats did not demonstrate any alterations in the clearance or toxicologic profile of either methotrexate or Kineret when the two agents were administered together. In a study in which patients with active RA were treated for up to 24 weeks with concurrent Kineret and etanercept therapy, a 7% rate of serious infections was observed, which was higher than that observed with etanercept alone (0%). Two percent of patients treated concurrently with Kineret and etanercept developed neutropenia (ANC 1 x 109/L)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 622 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Kineret" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Kineret" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_T6", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Kineret" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Anakinra_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Anakinra_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Anakinra_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Anakinra_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Anakinra_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "As with all drugs, the potential exists for interaction with other drugs by a variety of mechanisms. CNS-Active Drugs Ethanol: Sonata 10 mg potentiated the CNS-impairing effects of ethanol 0.75 g/kg on balance testing and reaction time for 1 hour after ethanol administration and on the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), symbol copying test, and the variability component of the divided attention test for 2.5 hours after ethanol administration. The potentiation resulted from a CNS pharmacodynamic interaction; zaleplon did not affect the pharmacokinetics of ethanol. Imipramine: Coadministration of single doses of Sonata 20 mg and imipramine 75 mg produced additive effects on decreased alertness and impaired psychomotor performance for 2 to 4 hours after administration. The interaction was pharmacodynamic with no alteration of the pharmacokinetics of either drug. Paroxetine: Coadministration of a single dose of Sonata 20 mg and paroxetine 20 mg daily for 7 days did not produce any interaction on psychomotor performance. Additionally, paroxetine did not alter the pharmacokinetics of Sonata, reflecting the absence of a role of CYP2D6 in zaleplon s metabolism. Thioridazine: Coadministration of single doses of Sonata 20 mg and thioridazine 50 mg produced additive effects on decreased alertness and impaired psychomotor performance for 2 to 4 hours after administration. The interaction was pharmacodynamic with no alteration of the pharmacokinetics of either drug. Venlafaxine: Coadministration of a single dose of zaleplon 10 mg and multiple doses of venlafaxine ER (extended release) 150 mg did not result in any significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of either zaleplon or venlafaxine. In addition, there was no pharmacodynamic interaction as a result of coadministration of zaleplon and venlafaxine ER. Promethazine: Coadministration of a single dose of zaleplon and promethazine (10 and 25 mg, respectively) resulted in a 15% decrease in maximal plasma concentrations of zaleplon, but no change in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. However, the pharmacodynamics of coadministration of zaleplon and promethazine have not been evaluated. Caution should be exercised when these 2 agents are coadministered. Drugs That Induce CYP3A4 Rifampin: CYP3A4 is ordinarily a minor metabolizing enzyme of zaleplon. Multiple-dose administration of the potent CYP3A4 inducer rifampin (600 mg every 24 hours, q24h, for 14 days), however, reduced zaleplon Cmax and AUC by approximately 80%. The coadministration of a potent CYP3A4 enzyme inducer, although not posing a safety concern, thus could lead to ineffectiveness of zaleplon. An alternative non-CYP3A4 substrate hypnotic agent may be considered in patients taking CYP3A4 inducers such as rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital. Drugs That Inhibit CYP3A4 CYP3A4 is a minor metabolic pathway for the elimination of zaleplon because the sum of desethylzaleplon (formed via CYP3A4 in vitro) and its metabolites, 5-oxo-desethylzaleplon and 5-oxo-desethylzaleplon glucuronide, account for only 9% of the urinary recovery of a zaleplon dose. Coadministration of single, oral doses of zaleplon with erythromycin (10 mg and 800 mg, respectively), a strong, selective CYP3A4 inhibitor produced a 34% increase in zaleplons maximal plasma concentrations and a 20% increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. The magnitude of interaction with multiple doses of erythromycin is unknown. Other strong selective CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole can also be expected to increase the exposure of zaleplon. A routine dosage adjustment of zaleplon is not considered necessary. Drugs That Inhibit Aldehyde Oxidase The aldehyde oxidase enzyme system is less well studied than the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Diphenhydramine: Diphenhydramine is reported to be a weak inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase in rat liver, but its inhibitory effects in human liver are not known. There is no pharmacokinetic interaction between zaleplon and diphenhydramine following the administration of a single dose (10 mg and 50 mg, respectively) of each drug. However, because both of these compounds have CNS effects, an additive pharmacodynamic effect is possible. Drugs That Inhibit Both Aldehyde Oxidase and CYP3A4 Cimetidine: Cimetidine inhibits both aldehyde oxidase (in vitro) and CYP3A4 (in vitro and in vivo), the primary and secondary enzymes, respectively, responsible for zaleplon metabolism. Concomitant administration of Sonata (10 mg) and cimetidine (800 mg) produced an 85% increase in the mean Cmax and AUC of zaleplon. An initial dose of 5 mg should be given to patients who are concomitantly being treated with cimetidine. Drugs Highly Bound to Plasma Protein Zaleplon is not highly bound to plasma proteins (fraction bound 60% 15%); therefore, the disposition of zaleplon is not expected to be sensitive to alterations in protein binding. In addition, administration of Sonata to a patient taking another drug that is highly protein bound should not cause transient increase in free concentrations of the other drug. Drugs with a Narrow Therapeutic Index Digoxin: Sonata (10 mg) did not affect the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic profile of digoxin (0.375 mg q24h for 8 days). Warfarin: Multiple oral doses of Sonata (20 mg q24h for 13 days) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of warfarin (R+)- or (S-)-enantiomers or the pharmacodynamics (prothrombin time) following a single 25-mg oral dose of warfarin. Drugs That Alter Renal Excretion Ibuprofen: Ibuprofen is known to affect renal function and, consequently, alter the renal excretion of other drugs. There was no apparent pharmacokinetic interaction between zaleplon and ibuprofen following single dose administration (10 mg and 600 mg, respectively) of each drug. This was expected because zaleplon is primarily metabolized and renal excretion of unchanged zaleplon accounts for less than 1% of the administered dose." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5979 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Imipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T9", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "imipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T12", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1060 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T15", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Thioridazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T18", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "thioridazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1569, 1580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1686, 1694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1698, 1709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1800, 1808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1813, 1824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Promethazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1829, 1841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1880, 1888 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "promethazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1893, 1905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1998, 2006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 2130, 2138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "promethazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2143, 2155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2274, 2282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 2336, 2344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2404, 2412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 2474, 2482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 2650, 2658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T38", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hypnotic agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 2696, 2710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2772, 2780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2782, 2791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2793, 2806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 2812, 2825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 2912, 2920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "5-oxo-desethylzaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 3007, 3029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "5-oxo-desethylzaleplon glucuronide" ], "offsets": [ [ 3034, 3068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 3119, 3127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 3176, 3184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3190, 3202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 3301, 3309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T50", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3467, 3479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 3541, 3553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 3603, 3611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 3644, 3652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T54", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Diphenhydramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3814, 3829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Diphenhydramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3831, 3846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T56", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 4021, 4029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T57", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diphenhydramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4034, 4049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T58", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4301, 4311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T59", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4313, 4323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T60", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 4466, 4474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T61", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 4517, 4523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T62", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4536, 4546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 4609, 4617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T64", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4712, 4722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T65", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 4761, 4769 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T66", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 4865, 4873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T67", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 4972, 4978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T68", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5157, 5164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T69", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 5166, 5172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T70", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5246, 5253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T71", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5282, 5290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T72", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Sonata" ], "offsets": [ [ 5315, 5321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T73", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5386, 5394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T74", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5502, 5510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T75", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 5545, 5554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T76", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 5556, 5565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T77", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 5719, 5727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T78", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 5732, 5741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T79", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 5852, 5860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T80", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zaleplon" ], "offsets": [ [ 5919, 5927 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

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[ { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T28", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T29", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T35", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T36", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T47", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T48", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T51", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T52", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T59", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T60", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Zaleplon_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T61", "arg2_id": "Zaleplon_ddi_T62", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Alefacept_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No formal interaction studies have been performed. The duration of the period following treatment with AMEVIVE before one should consider starting other immunosuppressive therapy has not been evaluated. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Fertility In a chronic toxicity study, cynomolgus monkeys were dosed weekly for 52 weeks with intravenous alefacept at 1 mg/kg/dose or 20 mg/kg/dose. One animal in the high dose group developed a B-cell lymphoma that was detected after 28 weeks of dosing. Additional animals in both dose groups developed B-cell hyperplasia of the spleen and lymph nodes. All animals in the study were positive for an endemic primate gammaherpes virus also known as lymphocryptovirus (LCV). Latent LCV infection is generally asymptomatic, but can lead to B-cell lymphomas when animals are immune suppressed. In a separate study, baboons given 3 doses of alefacept at 1 mg/kg every 8 weeks were found to have centroblast proliferation in B-cell dependent areas in the germinal centers of the spleen following a 116-day washout period. The role of AMEVIVE in the development of the lymphoid malignancy and the hyperplasia observed in non-human primates and the relevance to humans is unknown. Immunodeficiency-associated lymphocyte disorders (plasmacytic hyperplasia, polymorphic proliferation, and B-cell lymphomas) occur in patients who have congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies including those resulting from immunosuppressive therapy. No carcinogenicity or fertility studies were conducted. Mutagenicity studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo; no evidence of mutagenicity was observed. Pregnancy (Category B) Women of childbearing potential make up a considerable segment of the patient population affected by psoriasis. Since the effect of AMEVIVE on pregnancy and fetal development, including immune system development, is not known, health care providers are encouraged to enroll patients currently taking AMEVIVE who become pregnant into the Biogen Pregnancy Registry by calling 1-866-AMEVIVE (1-866-263-8483). Reproductive toxicology studies have been performed in cynomolgus monkeys at doses up to 5 mg/kg/week (about 62 times the human dose based on body weight) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to AMEVIVE. No abortifacient or teratogenic effects were observed in cynomolgus monkeys following intravenous bolus injections of AMEVIVE administered weekly during the period of organogenesis to gestation. AMEVIVE underwent trans-placental passage and produced in utero exposure in the developing monkeys. In utero, serum levels of exposure in these monkeys were 23% of maternal serum levels. No evidence of fetal toxicity including adverse effects on immune system development was observed in any of these animals. Animal reproduction studies, however, are not always predictive of human response and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because the risk to the development of the fetal immune system and postnatal immune function in humans is unknown, AMEVIVE should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If pregnancy occurs while taking AMEVIVE, continued use of the drug should be assessed. Nursing Mothers It is not known whether AMEVIVE is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because there exists the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from AMEVIVE, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing while taking the drug or to discontinue the use of the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Geriatric Use Of the 1357 patients who received AMEVIVE in clinical trials, a total of 100 patients were 65 years of age and 13 patients were 75 years of age. No differences in safety or efficacy were observed between older and younger patients, but there were not sufficient data to exclude important differences. Because the incidence of infections and certain malignancies is higher in the elderly population, in general, caution should be used in treating the elderly. Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of AMEVIVE in pediatric patients have not been studied. AMEVIVE is not indicated for pediatric patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4238 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "immunosuppressive" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alefacept" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alefacept" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "immunosuppressive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1435, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1773, 1780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T8", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1941, 1948 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T9", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 2021, 2028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T10", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 2282, 2289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T11", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 2409, 2416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T12", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 2486, 2493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T13", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 3066, 3073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T14", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 3164, 3171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T15", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 3259, 3266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T16", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 3434, 3441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T17", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 3671, 3678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T18", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 4137, 4144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Alefacept_ddi_T19", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "AMEVIVE" ], "offsets": [ [ 4190, 4197 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[]

[ { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Amprenavir is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Amprenavir inhibits CYP3A4. Caution should be used when coadministering medications that are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of CYP3A4, or potentially toxic medications that are metabolized by CYP3A4. Amprenavir does not inhibit CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, or uridine glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT). HIV Protease Inhibitors: The effect of amprenavir on total drug concentrations of other HIV protease inhibitors in subjects receiving both agents was evaluated using comparisons to historical data. Indinavir steady-state Cmax, A.C. and Cmin were decreased by 22%, 38%, and 27%, respectively, by concomitant amprenavir. Similar decreases in Cmax and AUC were seen after the first dose. Saquinavir steady-state Cmax, A.C. and Cmin were increased 21%, decreased 19%, and decreased 48%, respectively, by concomitant amprenavir. Nelfinavir steady-state Cmax, A.C. and Cmin were increased by 12%, 15%, and 14%, respectively, by concomitant amprenavir. Methadone: Coadministration of amprenavir and methadone can decrease plasma levels of methadone. Coadministration of amprenavir and methadone as compared to a non-matched historicalcontrol group resulted in a 30%, 27%, and 25% decrease in serum amprenavir AUC, Cmax, andCmin, respectively. Amprenavir is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 C.P.A. metabolism and therefore should not be administered concurrently with medications with narrow therapeutic windows that are substrates of CYP3A4. There are other agents that may result in serious and/or life-threatening drug interactions. Laboratory Tests: The combination of Amprenavir and low-dose ritonavir has been associated with elevations of cholesterol and triglycerides, SGOT (AST), and SGPT (ALT) in some patients. Appropriate laboratory testing should be considered prior to initiating combination therapy with Amprenavir and ritonavir and at periodic intervals or if any clinical signs or symptoms of hyperlipidemia or elevated liver function tests occur during therapy. For comprehensive information concerning laboratory test alterations associated with ritonavir, physicians should refer to the complete prescribing information for NORVIR (ritonavir)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2249 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "HIV Protease Inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "HIV protease inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Indinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 702, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Saquinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 917 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Nelfinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Methadone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1082 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methadone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methadone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methadone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1286, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1331, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1659, 1669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ritonavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1683, 1692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1905, 1915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ritonavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 1920, 1929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ritonavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 2151, 2160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T26", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "NORVIR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2230, 2236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ritonavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 2238, 2247 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T11", "arg2_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T18", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Amprenavir_ddi_R7", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Amprenavir_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Bismuth: Bismuth subsalicylate, given concomitantly with enoxacin or 60 minutes following enoxacin administration, decreased enoxacin bioavailability by approximately 25%. Thus, concomitant administration of enoxacin and bismuth subsalicylate should be avoided. Caffeine: Enoxacin is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 isozymes responsible for the metabolism of methylxanthines. In a multiple-dose study, enoxacin caused a dose-related increase in the mean elimination half-life of caffeine, thereby decreasing the clearance of caffeine by up to 80% and leading to a five-fold increase in the AUC and the half-life of caffeine. Trough plasma enoxacin levels were also 20% higher when caffeine and enoxacin were administered concomitantly. Caffeine-related adverse effects have occurred in patients consuming caffeine while on therapy with enoxacin. Cyclosporine: Elevated serum levels of cyclosporine have been reported with concomitant use of cyclosporine with other members of the quinolone class. Digoxin: Enoxacin may raise serum digoxin levels in some individuals. If signs and symptoms suggestive of digoxin toxicity occur when enoxacin and digoxin are given concomitantly, physicians are advised to obtain serum digoxin levels and adjust digoxin doses appropriately. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Seizures have been reported in patients taking enoxacin concomitantly with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug fenbufen. Animal studies also suggest an increased potential for seizures when these two drugs are given concomitantly. Fenbufen is not approved in the United States at this time. Sucralfate and antacids: Quinolones form chelates with metal cations. Therefore, administration of quinolones with antacids containing calcium, magnesium, or aluminum; with sucralfate; with divalent or trivalent cations such as iron; or with multivitamins containing zinc may substantially interfere with drug absorption and result in insufficient plasma and tissue quinolone concentrations. Antacids containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide reduce the oral absorption of enoxacin by 75%. The oral bioavailability of enoxacin is reduced by 60% with coadministration of ranitidine. These agents should not be taken for 8 hours before or for 2 hours after enoxacin administration. Theophylline: Enoxacin is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 isozymes responsible for the metabolism of methylxanthines. Enoxacin interferes with the metabolism of theophylline resulting in a 42% to 74% dose-related decrease in theophylline clearance and a subsequent 260% to 350% increase in serum theophylline levels. Theophylline-related adverse effects have occurred in patients when theophylline and enoxacin were coadministered. Warfarin: Quinolones, including enoxacin, decrease the clearance of R-warfarin, the less active isomer of racemic warfarin. Enoxacin does not affect the clearance of the active S-isomer, and changes in clotting time have not been observed when enoxacin and warfarin were coadministered. Nevertheless, the prothrombin time or other suitable coagulation test should be monitored when warfarin or its derivatives and enoxacin are given concomitantly." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3199 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Bismuth" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Bismuth subsalicylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "bismuth subsalicylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "methylxanthines" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 952, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "quinolone class" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1017, 1025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1114, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1227, 1234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1253, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1369, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenbufen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fenbufen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Sucralfate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1617, 1627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T39", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1632, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T40", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Quinolones" ], "offsets": [ [ 1642, 1652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T41", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "quinolones" ], "offsets": [ [ 1716, 1726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T42", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1732, 1740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1752, 1759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1761, 1770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aluminum" ], "offsets": [ [ 1775, 1783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sucralfate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1790, 1800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1845, 1849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T48", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "multivitamins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1859, 1872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zinc" ], "offsets": [ [ 1884, 1888 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T50", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "quinolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1983, 1992 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T51", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 2009, 2017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aluminum hydroxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2029, 2047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "magnesium hydroxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2052, 2071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T54", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2102, 2110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2147, 2155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T56", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2199, 2209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T57", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2284, 2292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T58", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2309, 2321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T59", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2323, 2331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T60", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "methylxanthines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2421, 2436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T61", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2438, 2446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T62", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2481, 2493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2545, 2557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T64", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2637, 2649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T65", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2705, 2717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T66", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2722, 2730 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T67", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2752, 2760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T68", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Quinolones" ], "offsets": [ [ 2762, 2772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T69", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2784, 2792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T70", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "R-warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2820, 2830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T71", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2866, 2874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T72", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2876, 2884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T73", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2996, 3004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T74", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3009, 3017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T75", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3134, 3142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T76", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enoxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3166, 3174 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T11", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T19", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T26", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T29", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T30", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T34", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T36", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T49", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T50", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R12", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T52", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T54", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R13", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T53", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T54", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R14", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T55", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T56", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R15", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T59", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T60", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R16", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T61", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T62", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R17", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T65", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T66", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R18", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T68", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T70", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R19", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T69", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T70", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxacin_ddi_R20", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T75", "arg2_id": "Enoxacin_ddi_T76", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "ZEBETA should not be combined with other beta-blocking agents. Patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as reserpine or guanethidine, should be closely monitored, because the added beta-adrenergic blocking action of ZEBETA may produce excessive reduction of sympathetic activity. In patients receiving concurrent therapy with clonidine, if therapy is to be discontinued, it is suggested that ZEBETA be discontinued for several days before the withdrawal of clonidine. ZEBETA should be used with care when myocardial depressants or inhibitors of AV conduction, such as certain calcium antagonists (particularly of the phenylalkylamine [verapamil] and benzothiazepine [diltiazem] classes), or antiarrhythmic agents, such as disopyramide, are used concurrently. Concurrent use of rifampin increases the metabolic clearance of ZEBETA, resulting in a shortened elimination half-life of ZEBETA. However, initial dose modification is generally not necessary. Pharmacokinetic studies document no clinically relevant interactions with other agents given concomitantly, including thiazide diuretics, digoxin, and cimetidine. There was no effect of ZEBETA on prothrombin time in patients on stable doses of warfarin. Risk of Anaphylactic Reaction: While taking beta-blockers, patients with a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated challenge, either accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reactions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1553 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ZEBETA" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-blocking agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "reserpine" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "guanethidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ZEBETA" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ZEBETA" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ZEBETA" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "myocardial depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "calcium antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "phenylalkylamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzothiazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "disopyramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 799 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T19", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ZEBETA" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T20", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ZEBETA" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1084, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T24", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ZEBETA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1508, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R4", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R6", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R7", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R8", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R9", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R10", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R11", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T16", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R12", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T9", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_R13", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Bisoprolol_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Heroin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Opioids are strong central nervous system depressants, but regular users develop physiological tolerance allowing gradually increased dosages. In combination with other central nervous system depressants, heroin may still kill even experienced users, particularly if their tolerance to the drug has reduced or the strength of their usual dose has increased. Toxicology studies of heroin-related deaths reveal frequent involvement of other central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), and, to a rising degree, methadone. Ironically, benzodiazepines are often used in the treatment of heroin addiction while they cause much more severe withdrawal symptoms. Cocaine sometimes proves to be fatal when used in combination with heroin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 782 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Opioids" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "central nervous system depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "central nervous system depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "heroin" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "heroin" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "central nervous system depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T10", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Valium" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methadone" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "heroin" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "heroin" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Heroin_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Heroin_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Heroin_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Abatacept_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Formal drug interaction studies have not been conducted with ORENCIA. Population pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that MTX, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and TNF blocking agents did not influence abatacept clearance. The majority of patients in RA clinical studies received one or more of the following concomitant medications with ORENCIA: MTX, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, TNF blocking agents, azathioprine, chloroquine, gold, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and anakinra. Concurrent administration of a TNF antagonist with ORENCIA has been associated with an increased risk of serious infections and no significant additional efficacy over use of the TNF antagonists alone. Concurrent therapy with ORENCIA and TNF antagonists is not recommended. There is insufficient experience to assess the safety and efficacy of ORENCIA administered concurrently with anakinra, and therefore such use is not recommended." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 918 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ORENCIA" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TNF blocking agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "abatacept" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ORENCIA" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "MTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TNF blocking agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "gold" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydroxychloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "leflunomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfasalazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anakinra" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TNF antagonist" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T20", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ORENCIA" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TNF antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T22", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ORENCIA" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 716 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "TNF antagonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T24", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ORENCIA" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anakinra" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T19", "arg2_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T23", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Abatacept_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Abatacept_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A possible drug interaction of FOSCAVIR and intravenous pentamidine has been described. Concomitant treatment of four patients in the United Kingdom with FOSCAVIR and intravenous pentamidine may have caused hypocalcemia; one patient died with severe hypocalcemia. Toxicity associated with concomitant use of aerosolized pentamidine has not been reported. Because of foscarnets tendency to cause renal impairment, the use of FOSCAVIR should be avoided in combination with potentially nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides, amphotericin B and intravenous pentamidine unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks to the patient. Since FOSCAVIR decreases serum concentrations of ionized calcium, concurrent treatment with other drugs known to influence serum calcium concentrations should be used with particular caution. Ganciclovir: The pharmacokinetics of foscarnet and ganciclovir were not altered in 13 patients receiving either concomitant therapy or daily alternating therapy for maintenance of CMV disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1018 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "FOSCAVIR" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentamidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "FOSCAVIR" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentamidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentamidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "foscarnet" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "FOSCAVIR" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentamidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T11", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "FOSCAVIR" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 648 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "foscarnet" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 888 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_R4", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Foscarnet_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Foscarnet_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Dimenhydrinate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Dimenhydrinate may decrease emetic response to apomorphine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dimenhydrinate_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dimenhydrinate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dimenhydrinate_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "emetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dimenhydrinate_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "apomorphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Dimenhydrinate_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dimenhydrinate_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Dimenhydrinate_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Clonidine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tablet If a patient receiving clonidine hydrochloride is also taking tricyclic antidepressants, the effect of clonidine may be reduced, thus necessitating an increase in dosage. Clonidine hydrochloride may enhance the CNS-depressive effects of alcohol, barbiturates or other sedatives. Amitriptyline in combination with clonidine enhances the manifestation of corneal lesions in rats Epidural Injection Clonidine may potentiate the CNS-depressive effect of alcohol, barbiturates or other sedating drugs. Narcotic analgesics may potentiate the hypotensive effects of clonidine. Tricyclic antidepressants may antagonize the hypotensive effects of clonidine. The effects of tricyclic antidepressants on clonidines analgesic actions are not known. Beta blockers may exacerbate the hypertensive response seen with clonidine withdrawl. Also, due to the potential for additive effects such as bradycardia and AV block, caution is warranted in patients receiving clonidine with agents known to affect sinus node function or AV nodal conduction (e.g., digitalis, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers.) There is one reported case of a patient with acute delirium associated with the simultaneous use of fluphenazine and oral clonidine. Symptoms resolved when clonidine was withdrawn and recurred when the patient was rechallenged with clonidine. Epidural clonidine may prolong the duration of pharmacologic effects of epidural local anesthetics, including both sensory and motor blockade." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1485 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clonidine hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sedatives" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amitriptyline" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sedating drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Narcotic analgesics" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 696 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T20", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Beta blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "calcium channel blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1084, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluphenazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1332, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1352, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_T31", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1430, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R11", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R12", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T23", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R13", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R14", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R15", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T26", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clonidine_ddi_R16", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T30", "arg2_id": "Clonidine_ddi_T31", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No dose adjustment is necessary when Simulect is added to triple-immunosuppression regimens including cyclosporine, corticosteroids, and either azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. Three clinical trials have investigated Simulect use in combination with triple-therapy regimens. Pharmacokinetics were assessed in two of these trials. Total body clearance of Simulect was reduced by an average 22% and 51% when azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil, respectively, were added to a regimen consisting of cyclosporine, USP (MODIFIED) and corticosteroids. Nonetheless, the range of individual Simulect clearance values in the presence of azathioprine (12-57 mL/h) or mycophenolate mofetil (7-54 mL/h) did not extend outside the range observed with dual therapy (10-78 mL/h). The following medications have been administered in clinical trials with Simulect with no increase in adverse reactions: ATG/ALG, azathioprine, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and muromonab-CD3." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 989 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Simulect" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "mycophenolate mofetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T6", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Simulect" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Simulect" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "mycophenolate mofetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T12", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Simulect" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 648 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "mycophenolate mofetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T15", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Simulect" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 854 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T17", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 932 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "mycophenolate mofetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "muromonab-CD3" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 988 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Basiliximab_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Basiliximab_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No Important Interactions To Date Levosimendan does not have clinically important pharmacokinetic interactions with captopril, beta-blockers, felodipine, digoxin, warfarin, isosorbide mononitrate, carvedilol, ethanol or itraconazole." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 233 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Levosimendan" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "captopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isosorbide mononitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Levosimendan_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "itraconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Concomitant use with iron supplements may result in the reduced absorption of iron." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "iron supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Acetohydroxamic Acid_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Oral Anticoagulants CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED WHEN COUMARIN ANTICOAGULANTS ARE GIVEN IN CONJUNCTION WITH TRICOR. THE DOSAGE OF THE ANTICOAGULANTS SHOULD BE REDUCED TO MAINTAIN THE PROTHROMBIN TIME/INR AT THE DESIRED LEVEL TO PREVENT BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS. FREQUENT PROTHROMBIN TIME/INR DETERMINATIONS ARE ADVISABLE UNTIL IT HAS BEEN DEFINITELY DETERMINED THAT THE PROTHROMBIN TIME/INR HAS STABILIZED. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: The combined use of TRICOR and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors should be avoided unless the benefit of further alterations in lipid levels is likely to outweigh the increased risk of this drug combination. Resins: Since bile acid sequestrants may bind other drugs given concurrently, patients should take TRICOR at least 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after a bile acid binding resin to avoid impeding its absorption. Cyclosporine: Because cyclosporine can produce nephrotoxicity with decreases in creatinine clearance and rises in serum creatinine, and because renal excretion is the primary elimination route of fibrate drugs including TRICOR, there is a risk that an interaction will lead to deterioration. The benefits and risks of using TRICOR with immunosuppressants and other potentially nephrotoxic agents should be carefully considered, and the lowest effective dose employed . Drug-drug interactions In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate that fenofibrate and fenofibric acid are not inhibitors of cytochrome (CYP) P450 isoforms CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP1A2. They are weak inhibitors of CYP2C19 and CYP2A6, and mild-to-moderate inhibitors of CYP2C9 at therapeutic concentrations. Potentiation of coumarin-type anticoagulants has been observed with prolongation of the prothrombin time/INR. Bile acid sequestrants have been shown to bind other drugs given concurrently. Therefore, fenofibrate should be taken at least 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after a bile acid binding resin to avoid impeding its absorption . Concomitant administration of fenofibrate (equivalent to 145mg TRICOR) with pravastatin (40 mg) once daily for 10 days has been shown to increase the mean Cmax and AUC values for pravastatin by 36% (range from 69% decrease to 321% increase) and 28% (range from 54% decrease to 128% increase), respectively, and for 3 -hydroxy-iso-pravastatin by 55% (range from 32% decrease to 314% increase) and 39% (range from 24% decrease to 261% increase), respectively in 23 healthy adults. A single dose of pravastatin had no clinically important effect on the pharmacokinetics of fenofibric acid. Concomitant administration of fenofibrate (equivalent to 145 mg TRICOR) with atorvastatin (20 mg) once daily for 10 days resulted in approximately 17% decrease (range from 67% decrease to 44% increase) in atorvastatin AUC values in 22 healthy males. The atorvastatin Cmax values were not significantly affected by fenofibrate. The pharmacokinetics of fenofibric acid were not significantly affected by atorvastatin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2972 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "COUMARIN ANTICOAGULANTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TRICOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ANTICOAGULANTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T6", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TRICOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Resins" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "bile acid sequestrants" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T10", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TRICOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "bile acid binding resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 879 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "fibrate drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T15", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TRICOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1065, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T16", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TRICOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T17", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "immunosuppressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1181, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "fenofibric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T20", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "coumarin-type anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1654, 1682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Bile acid sequestrants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1748, 1770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1838, 1849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "bile acid binding resin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1910, 1933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1999, 2010 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T25", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TRICOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2032, 2038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2045, 2056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2148, 2159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2465, 2476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "fenofibric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 2539, 2554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2586, 2597 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T31", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "TRICOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2620, 2626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2633, 2645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2761, 2773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2810, 2822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2870, 2881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "fenofibric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 2907, 2922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2958, 2970 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

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[ { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T10", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R6", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R7", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T23", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T25", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T30", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T32", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T31", "arg2_id": "Fenofibrate_ddi_T32", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Buclizine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This drug may interact with alcohol or other CNS depressants (may potentiate the CNS depressant effects of either these medications or antihistamines), anticholinergics or other medications with anticholinergic activity (anticholinergic effects may be potentiated when these medications are used concurrently with antihistamines), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (concurrent use with antihistamines may prolong and intensify the anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects of antihistamines)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 498 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "CNS depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticholinergics" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Buclizine_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 496 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Flucytosine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cytosine arabinoside, a cytostatic agent, has been reported to inactivate the antifungal activity of flucytosine by competitive inhibition. Drugs which impair glomerular filtration may prolong the biological half-life of flucytosine. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions: Measurement of serum creatinine levels should be determined by the Jaffe reaction, since Ancobon does not interfere with the determination of creatinine values by this method. Most automated equipment for measurement of creatinine makes use of the Jaffe reaction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 532 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Flucytosine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cytosine arabinoside" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flucytosine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "cytostatic agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flucytosine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flucytosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flucytosine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flucytosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Flucytosine_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Ancobon" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Flucytosine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Flucytosine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Flucytosine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Anidulafungin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No clinically relevant drug-drug interactions have been observed with drugs likely to be co-administered with anidulafungin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 124 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Anidulafungin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anidulafungin" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Chlorambucil_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "There are no known drug/drug interactions with chlorambucil." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Chlorambucil_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chlorambucil" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "CYP3A4 Interactions Lovastatin is metabolized by CYP3A4 but has no CYP3A4 inhibitory activity; therefore it is not expected to affect the plasma concentrations of other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 (below) increase the risk of myopathy by reducing the elimination of lovastatin. Pharmacokinetics. Itraconazole Ketoconazole Erythromycin Clarithromycin Telithromycin HIV protease inhibitors Nefazodone Cyclosporine Large quantities of grapefruit juice ( 1 quart daily) Interactions with lipid-lowering drugs that can cause myopathy when given alone. The risk of myopathy is also increased by the following lipid-lowering drugs that are not potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, but which can cause myopathy when given alone. See WARNINGS, Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis. Gemfibrozil Other fibrates Niacin (nicotinic acid) (=1 g/day) Other drug interactions Danazol: The risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis is increased by concomitant administration of danazol particularly with higher doses of lovastatin (see WARNINGS, Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis). Amiodarone or Verapamil: The risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis is increased when either amiodarone or verapamil is used concomitantly with a closely related member of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor class (see WARNINGS, Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis). Coumarin Anticoagulants: In a small clinical trial in which lovastatin was administered to warfarin treated patients, no effect on prothrombin time was detected. However, another HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has been found to produce a less than two-second increase in prothrombin time in healthy volunteers receiving low doses of warfarin. Also, bleeding and/or increased prothrombin time have been reported in a few patients taking coumarin anticoagulants concomitantly with lovastatin. It is recommended that in patients taking anticoagulants, prothrombin time be determined before starting lovastatin and frequently enough during early therapy to insure that no significant alteration of prothrombin time occurs. Once a stable prothrombin time has been documented, prothrombin times can be monitored at the intervals usually recommended for patients on coumarin anticoagulants. If the dose of lovastatin is changed, the same procedure should be repeated. Lovastatin therapy has not been associated with bleeding or with changes in prothrombin time in patients not taking anticoagulants. Propranolol: In normal volunteers, there was no clinically significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction with concomitant administration of single doses of lovastatin and propranolol. Digoxin: In patients with hypercholesterolemia, concomitant administration of lovastatin and digoxin resulted in no effect on digoxin plasma concentrations. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: In pharmacokinetic studies of MEVACOR in hypercholesterolemic noninsulin dependent diabetic patients, there was no drug interaction with glipizide or with chlorpropamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2932 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Itraconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ketoconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clarithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Telithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "HIV protease inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Gemfibrozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "fibrates" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Niacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 811 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nicotinic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Danazol" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "danazol" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 962 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1059 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor class" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Coumarin Anticoagulant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1353, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1472, 1499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1623, 1631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T28", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "coumarin anticoagulant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1726, 1748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1769, 1779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1823, 1837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1886, 1896 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T32", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "coumarin anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 2149, 2172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2189, 2199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2251, 2261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 2367, 2381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2383, 2394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2552, 2562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2567, 2578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2580, 2587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2658, 2668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2673, 2680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2706, 2713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T43", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Hypoglycemic Agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 2742, 2761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T44", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "MEVACOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2793, 2800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "glipizide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2900, 2909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chlorpropamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2918, 2932 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T26", "arg2_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T28", "arg2_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T29", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lovastatin_ddi_R6", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T30", "arg2_id": "Lovastatin_ddi_T31", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Clemastine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Additive CNS depression may occur when antihistamines are administered concomitantly with other CNS depressants including barbiturates, tranquilizers, and alcohol. Patients receiving antihistamines should be advised against the concurrent use of other CNS depressant drugs. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 377 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "CNS depressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tranquilizers" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "CNS depressant drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clemastine_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Clemastine_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Barbiturates may decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, certain antibiotics, quinidine, theophylline, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and beta blockers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 165 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Hexobarbital_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Carteolol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Ocupress should be used with caution in patients who are receiving a beta-adrenergic blocking agent orally because of the potential for additive effects on systemic beta-blockade. Close observation of the patient is recommended when a beta-blocker is administered to patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs such as reserpine, because of possible additive effects and the production of hypotension and/or marked bradycardia, which may produce vertigo, syncope, or postural hypotension." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 493 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Carteolol_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Ocupress" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carteolol_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-adrenergic blocking agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carteolol_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-blocker" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carteolol_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "reserpine" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Carteolol_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carteolol_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Carteolol_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carteolol_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carteolol_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Carteolol_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Azacitidine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "No formal assessments of drug-drug interactions between Vidaza and other agents have been conducted ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Azacitidine_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Vidaza" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of cephalosporins with aminoglycoside antibiotics or potent diuretics such as furosemide. Renal function should be carefully monitored, especially if higher dosages of the aminoglycosides are to be administered or if therapy is prolonged, because of the potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminoglycosidic antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were not noted when ceftazidime was given alone in clinical trials. Chloramphenicol has been shown to be antagonistic to beta-lactam antibiotics, including ceftazidime, based on in vitro studies and time kill curves with enteric gram-negative bacilli. Due to the possibility of antagonism in vivo, particularly when bactericidal activity is desired, this drug combination should be avoided. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions The administration of ceftazidime may result in a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine when using CLINITEST tablets, Benedicts solution, or Fehlings solution. It is recommended that glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions (such as CLINISTIX or TES-TAPE ) be used." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1149 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "cephalosporins" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycoside antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosidic antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ceftazidime" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 459 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Chloramphenicol" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-lactam antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ceftazidime" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ceftazidime" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 886 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Ceftazidime_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drug Interactions with Beta-Blockers: Concomitant use of fenoldopam with beta-blockers should be avoided. If the drugs are used together, caution should be exercised because unexpected hypotension could result from beta-blocker inhibition of the sympathetic reflex response to fenoldopam. Drug Interactions, General: Although there have been no formal interaction studies, intravenous fenoldopam has been administered safely with drugs such as digitalis and sublingual nitroglycerin. There is limited experience with concomitant antihypertensive agents such as alpha-blockers, calcium channel-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics (both thiazide-like and loop)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 663 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Beta-Blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenoldopam" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenoldopam" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fenoldopam" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "digitalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihypertensive agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "alpha-blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "calcium channel-blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 603, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Fenoldopam_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Unless really needed, agents which may enhance the risk of hemorrhage should be discontinued prior to initiation of Lovenox Injection therapy. These agents include medications such as: anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors including acetylsalicylic acid, sali-cylates, NSAIDs (including ketorolac tromethamine), dipyridamole, or sulfinpyrazone. If co-administration is essential, conduct close clinical and laboratory monitoring ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 428 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Lovenox" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "platelet inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketorolac tromethamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enoxaparin_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfinpyrazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "May interact with the following: cholestyramine, colestipol (use with thiazide diuretics may prevent the diuretic from working properly;" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cholestyramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "colestipol" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Bendroflumethiazide_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Guanethidine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/guanethidine_od.htm" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Hypotension - Patients on Diuretic Therapy: Patients on diuretics, and especially those in whom diuretic therapy was recently instituted, may occasionally experience an excessive reduction of blood pressure after initiation of therapy with PRINIVIL. The possibility of hypotensive effects with PRINIVIL can be minimized by either discontinuing the diuretic or increasing the salt intake prior to initiation of treatment with PRINIVIL. If it is necessary to continue the diuretic, initiate therapy with PRINIVIL at a dose of 5 mg daily, and provide close medical supervision after the initial dose until blood pressure has stabilized. When a diuretic is added to the therapy of a patient receiving PRINIVIL, an additional antihypertensive effect is usually observed. Studies with ACE inhibitors in combination with diuretics indicate that the dose of the ACE inhibitor can be reduced when it is given with a diuretic. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents: In some patients with compromised renal function who are being treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the co-administration of lisinopril may result in a further deterioration of renal function. These effects are usually reversible. Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, including lisinopril. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE inhibitors. In a study in 36 patients with mild to moderate hypertension where the antihypertensive effects of PRINIVIL alone were compared to PRINIVIL given concomitantly with indomethacin, the use of indomethacin was associated with a reduced antihypertensive effect, although the difference between the two regimens was not significant. Other Agents: PRINIVIL has been used concomitantly with nitrates and/or digoxin without evidence of clinically significant adverse interactions. This included post myocardial infarction patients who were receiving intravenous or transdermal nitroglycerin. No clinically important pharmacokinetic interactions occurred when PRINIVIL was used concomitantly with propranolol or hydrochlorothiazide. The presence of food in the stomach does not alter the bioavailability of PRINIVIL. Agents Increasing Serum Potassium: PRINIVIL attenuates potassium loss caused by thiazide-type diuretics. Use of PRINIVIL with potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride), potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes may lead to significant increases in serum potassium. Therefore, if concomitant use of these agents is indicated because of demonstrated hypokalemia, they should be used with caution and with frequent monitoring of serum potassium. Potassium sparing agents should generally not be used in patients with heart failure who are receiving PRINIVIL. Lithium: Lithium toxicity has been reported in patients receiving lithium concomitantly with drugs which cause elimination of sodium, including ACE inhibitors. Lithium toxicity was usually reversible upon discontinuation of lithium and the ACE inhibitor. It is recommended that serum lithium levels be monitored frequently if PRINIVIL is administered concomitantly with lithium." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3221 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T7", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T9", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 823 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lisinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T17", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lisinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T20", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "NSAIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T22", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1520, 1528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T23", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1552, 1560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T26", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1763, 1771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "nitrates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1805, 1813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1821, 1828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1990, 2003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T30", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2072, 2080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2109, 2120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2124, 2143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T33", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2219, 2227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T34", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2264, 2272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T35", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide-type diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2309, 2332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T36", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2341, 2349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T37", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "potassium-sparing diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2355, 2382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "spironolactone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2390, 2404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "triamterene" ], "offsets": [ [ 2406, 2417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 2422, 2431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2434, 2443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T42", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2833, 2841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2843, 2850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2852, 2859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2909, 2916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T46", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 2987, 3001 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 3003, 3010 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 3067, 3074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T49", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 3083, 3096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T50", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 3127, 3134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T51", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRINIVIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 3169, 3177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 3213, 3220 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T15", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T16", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T18", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R9", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T34", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T35", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R11", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T37", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R12", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T38", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R13", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T39", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R14", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T40", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R15", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T36", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T41", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R16", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T45", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T46", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R17", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T48", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T49", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lisinopril_ddi_R18", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T51", "arg2_id": "Lisinopril_ddi_T52", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Co-administration of MYOBLOC and aminoglycosides or other agents interfering with neuromuscular transmission (e.g., curare-like compounds) should only be performed with caution as the effect of the toxin may be potentiated. The effect of administering different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes at the same time or within less than 4 months of each other is unknown. However, neuromuscular paralysis may be potentiated by co-administration or overlapping administration of different botulinum toxin serotypes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 507 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "MYOBLOC" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "curare-like compounds" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "toxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "botulinum neurotoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "botulinum toxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 496 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Botulinum Toxin Type B_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Inhibitors of CYP2D6; poor metabolizers of debrisoquin: Interactions of carvedilol with strong inhibitors of CYP2D6 (such as quinidine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and propafenone) have not been studied, but these drugs would be expected to increase blood levels of the R(+) enantiomer of carvedilol . Retrospective analysis of side effects in clinical trials showed that poor 2D6 metabolizers had a higher rate of dizziness during up-titration, presumably resulting from vasodilating effects of the higher concentrations of the a-blocking R(+) enantiomer. Catecholamine-depleting Agents: Patients taking both agents with b-blocking properties and a drug that can deplete catecholamines (e.g., reserpine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors) should be observed closely for signs of hypotension and/or severe bradycardia. Clonidine: Concomitant administration of clonidine with agents with b-blocking properties may potentiate blood-pressure- and heart-rate-lowering effects. When concomitant treatment with agents with b-blocking properties and clonidine is to be terminated, the b-blocking agent should be discontinued first. Clonidine therapy can then be discontinued several days later by gradually decreasing the dosage. Cyclosporine: Modest increases in mean trough cyclosporine concentrations were observed following initiation of carvedilol treatment in 21 renal transplant patients suffering from chronic vascular rejection. In about 30% of patients, the dose of cyclosporine had to be reduced in order to maintain cyclosporine concentrations within the therapeutic range, while in the remainder no adjustment was needed. On the average for the group, the dose of cyclosporine was reduced about 20% in these patients. Due to wide interindividual variability in the dose adjustment required, it is recommended that cyclosporine concentrations be monitored closely after initiation of carvedilol therapy and that the dose of cyclosporine be adjusted as appropriate. Digoxin: Digoxin concentrations are increased by about 15% when digoxin and carvedilol are administered concomitantly. Both digoxin and COREG slow AV conduction. Therefore, increased monitoring of digoxin is recommended when initiating, adjusting, or discontinuing COREG. Inducers and Inhibitors of Hepatic Metabolism: Rifampin reduced plasma concentrations of carvedilol by about 70%. Cimetidine increased AUC by about 30% but caused no change in Cmax. Calcium Channel Blockers: Isolated cases of conduction disturbance (rarely with hemodynamic compromise) have been observed when COREG is co-administered with diltiazem. As with other agents with b-blocking properties, if COREG is to be administered orally with calcium channel blockers of the verapamil or diltiazem type, it is recommended that ECG and blood pressure be monitored. Insulin or Oral Hypoglycemics: Agents with b-blocking properties may enhance the blood-sugar-reducing effect of insulin and oral hypoglycemics. Therefore, in patients taking insulin or oral hypoglycemics, regular monitoring of blood glucose is recommended." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3056 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "debrisoquin" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propafenone" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "agents with b-blocking properties" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "reserpine" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "monoamine oxidase inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T13", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "agents with b-blocking properties" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "agents with b-blocking properties" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "b-blocking agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1515, 1527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1664, 1676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1814, 1826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1883, 1893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1923, 1935 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1964, 1971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1973, 1980 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2028, 2035 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2040, 2050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2088, 2095 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T32", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COREG" ], "offsets": [ [ 2100, 2105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2161, 2168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T34", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COREG" ], "offsets": [ [ 2229, 2234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2283, 2291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carvedilol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2325, 2335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2350, 2360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T38", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Calcium Channel Blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 2418, 2442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T39", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COREG" ], "offsets": [ [ 2546, 2551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 2576, 2585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T41", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "agents with b-blocking properties" ], "offsets": [ [ 2601, 2634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T42", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "COREG" ], "offsets": [ [ 2639, 2644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T43", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "calcium channel blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 2679, 2703 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 2711, 2720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 2724, 2733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2800, 2807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T47", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Hypoglycemics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2816, 2829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T48", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Agents with b-blocking properties" ], "offsets": [ [ 2831, 2864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2912, 2919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T50", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hypoglycemics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2929, 2942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2974, 2981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T52", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hypoglycemics" ], "offsets": [ [ 2990, 3003 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T6", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T12", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R8", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T14", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T19", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R10", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R11", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T25", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R12", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T29", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T30", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R13", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T31", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T32", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R14", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T33", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T34", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R15", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T35", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T36", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R16", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T39", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T40", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R17", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T42", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T44", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R18", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T42", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T45", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R19", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T48", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T49", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Carvedilol_ddi_R20", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T48", "arg2_id": "Carvedilol_ddi_T50", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Isoproterenol hydrochloride injection and epinephrine should not be administered simultaneously because both drugs are direct cardiac stimulants and their combined effects may induce serious arrhythmias. The drugs may, however, be administered alternately provided a proper interval has elapsed between doses. ISUPREL should be used with caution, if at all, when potent inhalational anesthetics such as halothane are employed because of potential to sensitize the myocardium to effects of sympathomimetic amines." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 512 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Isoproterenol hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T3", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "ISUPREL" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "halothane" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sympathomimetic amines" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Isoproterenol_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Enfuvirtide_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "CYP450 Metabolized Drugs Results from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that enfuvirtide is unlikely to have significant drug interactions with concomitantly administered drugs metabolized by CYP450 enzymes. Antiretroviral Agents: No drug interactions with other antiretroviral medications have been identified that would warrant alteration of either the enfuvirtide dose or the dose of the other antiretroviral medication." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 426 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Enfuvirtide_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enfuvirtide" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enfuvirtide_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antiretroviral Agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enfuvirtide_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antiretroviral medications" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enfuvirtide_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enfuvirtide" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Enfuvirtide_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antiretroviral medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 425 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Clozapine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The risks of using Clozapine in combination with other drugs have not been systematically evaluated. Pharmacodynamic-related Interactions: The mechanism of Clozapine induced agranulocytosis is unknown; nonetheless, the possibility that causative factors may interact synergistically to increase the risk and/or severity of bone marrow suppression warrants consideration. Therefore, Clozapine should not be used with other agents having a well-known potential to suppress bone marrow function. Given the primary CNS effects of Clozapine, caution is advised in using it concomitantly with other CNS-active drugs or alcohol. Orthostatic hypotension in patients taking clozapine can, in rare cases (approximately 1 case per 3,000 patients), be accompanied by profound collapse and respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. Some of the cases of collapse/respiratory arrest/cardiac arrest during initial treatment occurred in patients who were being administered benzodiazepines; similar events have been reported in patients taking other psychotropic drugs or even Clozapine by itself. Although it has not been established that there is an interaction between Clozapine and benzodiazepines or other psychotropics, caution is advised when clozapine is initiated in patients taking a benzodiazepine or any other psychotropic drug. Clozapine may potentiate the hypotensive effects of antihypertensive drugs and the anticholinergic effects of atropine-type drugs. The administration of epinephrine should be avoided in the treatment of drug induced hypotension because of a possible reverse epinephrine effect. Pharmacokinetic-related Interactions: Clozapine is a substrate for many CYP 450 isozymes, in particular 1A2, 2D6, and 3A4. The risk of metabolic interactions caused by an effect on an individual isoform is therefore minimized. Nevertheless, caution should be used in patients receiving concomitant treatment with other drugs that are either inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes. Concomitant administration of drugs known to induce cytochrome P450 enzymes may decrease the plasma levels of clozapine. Phenytoin, nicotine, and rifampin may decrease Clozapine plasma levels, resulting in a decrease in effectiveness of a previously effective Clozapine dose. Concomitant administration of drugs known to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 isozymes may increase the plasma levels of clozapine. Cimetidine, caffeine, and erythromycin may increase plasma levels of Clozapine, potentially resulting in adverse effects. Although concomitant use of Clozapine and carbamazepine is not recommended, it should be noted that discontinuation of concomitant carbamazepine administration may result in an increase in Clozapine plasma levels. In a study of schizophrenic patients who received clozapine under steady state conditions, fluvoxamine or paroxetine was added in 16 and 14 patients, respectively. After 14 days of co-administration, mean trough concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites, N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine N-oxide, were elevated with fluvoxamine by about three-fold compared to baseline concentrations. Paroxetine produced only minor changes in the levels of clozapine and its metabolites. However, other published reports describe modest elevations (less than two-fold) of clozapine and metabolite concentrations when clozapine was taken with paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline. Therefore, such combined treatment should be approached with caution and patients should be monitored closely when Clozapine is combined with these drugs, particularly with fluvoxamine. A reduced Clozapine dose should be considered. A subset (3%-10%) of the population has reduced activity of certain drug metabolizing enzymes such as the cytochrome P450 isozyme P450 2D6. Such individuals are referred to as poor metabolizers of drugs such as debrisoquin, dextromethorphan, the tricyclic antidepressants, and clozapine. These individuals may develop higher than expected plasma concentrations of clozapine when given usual doses. In addition, certain drugs that are metabolized by this isozyme, including many antidepressants (clozapine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and others), may inhibit the activity of this isozyme, and thus may make normal metabolizers resemble poor metabolizers with regard to concomitant therapy with other drugs metabolized by this enzyme system, leading to drug interaction. Concomitant use of clozapine with other drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 may require lower doses than usually prescribed for either clozapine or the other drug. Therefore, co-administration of clozapine with other drugs that are metabolized by this isozyme, including antidepressants, phenothiazines, carbamazepine, and Type 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., propafenone, flecainide and encainide), or that inhibit this enzyme (e.g., quinidine), should be approached with caution." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4898 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "psychotropic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1044 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T11", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1162, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T12", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "psychotropics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "psychotropic drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T17", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihypertensive drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1369, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atropine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1427, 1435 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1470, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1575, 1586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T21", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1633, 1642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2087, 2096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2098, 2107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nicotine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2109, 2117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifampin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2123, 2131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2145, 2154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2237, 2246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2381, 2390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2392, 2402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T30", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2404, 2412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2418, 2430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2461, 2470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2542, 2551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2556, 2569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2645, 2658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2703, 2712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2778, 2787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2819, 2830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2834, 2844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2958, 2967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "N-desmethylclozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2989, 3009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "clozapine N-oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 3014, 3031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3052, 3063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T44", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3121, 3131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3177, 3186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3292, 3301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3337, 3346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3362, 3372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3374, 3384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T50", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sertraline" ], "offsets": [ [ 3390, 3400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3517, 3526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T52", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3575, 3586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T53", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3598, 3607 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T54", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "debrisoquin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3846, 3857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T55", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dextromethorphan" ], "offsets": [ [ 3859, 3875 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T56", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 3881, 3906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T57", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3912, 3921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T58", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3999, 4008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T59", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 4113, 4128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T60", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4130, 4139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T61", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 4141, 4180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T62", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4437, 4446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T63", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4558, 4567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4619, 4628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T65", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 4694, 4709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T66", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "phenothiazines" ], "offsets": [ [ 4711, 4725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T67", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4727, 4740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T68", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Type 1C antiarrhythmics" ], "offsets": [ [ 4746, 4769 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T69", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propafenone" ], "offsets": [ [ 4777, 4788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T70", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "flecainide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4790, 4800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T71", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "encainide" ], "offsets": [ [ 4805, 4814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_T72", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 4852, 4861 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R3", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T16", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T18", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T25", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T29", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T32", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T30", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T32", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T31", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T32", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R12", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T33", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T34", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R13", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T35", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T36", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R14", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T44", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T45", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R15", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T47", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T48", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R16", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T47", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T49", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R17", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T47", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T50", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R18", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T51", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T52", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R19", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T65", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R20", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T66", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R21", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T67", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R22", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T68", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R23", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T69", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R24", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T70", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R25", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T71", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Clozapine_ddi_R26", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T64", "arg2_id": "Clozapine_ddi_T72", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Cefotaxime_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Increased nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Cephalosporins, including cefotaxime sodium, are known to occasionally induce a positive direct Coombs test." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 272 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Cefotaxime_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "cephalosporins" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cefotaxime_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycoside antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cefotaxime_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Cephalosporins" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cefotaxime_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cefotaxime sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Cefotaxime_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Cefotaxime_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Cefotaxime_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Probenecid : Probenecid is known to interact with the metabolism or renal tubular excretion of many drugs (e.g., acetaminophen, acyclovir, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, aminosalicylic acid, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, bumetanide, clofibrate, methotrexate, famotidine, furosemide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, theophylline, and zidovudine). Concomitant medications should be carefully assessed. Zidovudine should either be temporarily discontinued or decreased by 50% when coadministered with probenecid on the day of VISTIDE infusion. Nephrotoxic agents : Concomitant administration of VISTIDE and agents with nephrotoxic potential [e.g., intravenous aminoglycosides (e.g., tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin), amphotericin B, foscarnet, intravenous pentamidine, vancomycin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents] is contraindicated. Such agents must be discontinued at least seven days prior to starting therapy with VISTIDE." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 958 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Probenecid" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Probenecid" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acyclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T5", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aminosalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "barbiturates" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "bumetanide" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "famotidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T14", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "probenecid" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T19", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "VISTIDE" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "VISTIDE" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "aminoglycosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tobramycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "gentamicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amikacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "foscarnet" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 763 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentamidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T29", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T30", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "VISTIDE" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 957 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

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[ { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R3", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R4", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R10", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R11", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R12", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R13", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R14", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T16", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R15", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T17", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T18", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R16", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R17", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R18", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T23", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R19", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R20", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R21", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R22", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R23", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T28", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Cidofovir_ddi_R24", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T20", "arg2_id": "Cidofovir_ddi_T29", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drug-drug interactions with Mefloquine have not been explored in detail. There is one report of cardiopulmonary arrest, with full recovery, in a patient who was taking a beta blocker (propranolol). The effects of Mefloquineuine on the compromised cardiovascular system have not been evaluated. The benefits of Mefloquine therapy should be weighed against the possibility of adverse effects in patients with cardiac disease. Because of the danger of a potentially fatal prolongation of the QTc interval, halofantrine must not be given simultaneously with or subsequent to Mefloquine. Concomitant administration of Mefloquine and other related compounds (eg, quinine, quinidine and chloroquine) may produce electrocardiographic abnormalities and increase the risk of convulsions. If these drugs are to be used in the initial treatment of severe malaria, Mefloquine administration should be delayed at least 12 hours after the last dose. There is evidence that the use of halofantrine after Mefloquineuine causes a significant lengthening of the QTc interval. Clinically significant QTc prolongation has not been found with Mefloquineuine alone. This appears to be the only clinically relevant interaction of this kind with Mefloquine, although theoretically, coadministration of other drugs known to alter cardiac conduction (eg, anti-arrhythmic or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, calcium channel blockers, antihistamines or H1-blocking agents, tricyclic antidepressants and phenothiazines) might also contribute to a prolongation of the QTc interval. There are no data that conclusively establish whether the concomitant administration of Mefloquineuine and the above listed agents has an effect on cardiac function. In patients taking an anticonvulsant (eg, valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenobarbital or phenytoin), the concomitant use of Mefloquine may reduce seizure control by lowering the plasma levels of the anticonvulsant. Therefore, patients concurrently taking antiseizure medication and Mefloquine should have the blood level of their antiseizure medication monitored and the dosage adjusted appropriately. When Mefloquine is taken concurrently with oral live typhoid vaccines, attenuation of immunization cannot be excluded. Vaccinations with attenuated live bacteria should therefore be completed at least 3 days before the first dose of Mefloquine. No other drug interactions are known. Nevertheless, the effects of Mefloquine on travelers receiving comedication, particularly diabetics or patients using anticoagulants, should be checked before departure. In clinical trials, the concomitant administration of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine did not alter the adverse reaction profile." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2699 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta blocker" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "halofantrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T7", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinine" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T9", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "halofantrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "anti-arrhythmic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T15", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "beta-adrenergic blocking agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T16", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "calcium channel blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T17", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1406, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "H1-blocking agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T19", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1444, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T20", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "phenothiazines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1474, 1488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticonvulsant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1739, 1753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T22", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "valproic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1759, 1772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T23", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1774, 1787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 1789, 1802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1806, 1815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1841, 1851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T27", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticonvulsant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1916, 1930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1999, 2009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2124, 2134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "live typhoid vaccines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2167, 2188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2352, 2362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Mefloquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2431, 2441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T33", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anticoagulants" ], "offsets": [ [ 2520, 2534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sulfadoxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2626, 2637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pyrimethamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2642, 2655 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T7", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R5", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T14", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R6", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R7", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T16", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R8", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T17", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R9", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T18", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R10", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R11", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T13", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R12", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R13", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T22", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R14", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R15", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R16", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T25", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T26", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R17", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T29", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T30", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Mefloquine_ddi_R18", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T32", "arg2_id": "Mefloquine_ddi_T33", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "General In vitro studies in human liver microsomes demonstrated no evidence of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions that are likely to be of clinical relevance. Anesthetics/Sedatives/Hypnotics/Opioids: Co-administration of PRECEDEX with anesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics, and opioids is likely to lead to an enhancement of effects. Specific studies have confirmed these effects with sevoflurane, isoflurane, propofol, alfentanil, and midazolam. No pharmacokinetic interactions between dexmedetomidine and isoflurane, propofol, alfentanil, and midazolam have been demonstrated. However, due to possible pharmacodynamic interactions, when co-administered with PRECEDEX, a reduction in dosage of PRECEDEX on the concomitant anesthetic, sedative, hypnotic or opioid may be required. Neuromuscular Blockers: In one study of 10 healthy volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of 1 (one) ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude or neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1065 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Sedatives" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T3", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Hypnotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Opioids" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T5", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRECEDEX" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T6", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sedatives" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T8", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hypnotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "opioids" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T10", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sevoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alfentanil" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dexmedetomidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T18", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alfentanil" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T20", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRECEDEX" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T21", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRECEDEX" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "anesthetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "sedative" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T24", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "hypnotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T25", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "opioid" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T26", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Neuromuscular Blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T27", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "PRECEDEX" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rocuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T5", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R5", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R6", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T23", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R7", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T24", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_R8", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T21", "arg2_id": "Dexmedetomidine_ddi_T25", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Diuretics: Patients on diuretics, especially those with intravascular volume depletion, may occasionally experience an excessive reduction of blood pressure after initiation of therapy with fosinopril sodium. The possibility of hypotensive effects can be minimized by either discontinuing the diuretic or increasing salt intake prior to initiation of treatment with fosinopril sodium. If this is not possible, the starting dose should be reduced and the patient should be observed closely for several hours following an initial dose and until blood pressure has stabilized (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.) Potassium Supplements and Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Fosinopril sodium can attenuate potassium loss caused by thiazide diuretics. Potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, amiloride,triamterene, and others) or potassium supplements can increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Therefore, if concomitant use of such agents is indicated, they should be given with caution, and the patients serum potassium should be monitored frequently. Lithium: Increased serum lithium levels and symptoms of lithium toxicity have been reported in patients receiving ACE inhibitors during therapy with lithium. These drugs should be coadministered with caution, and frequent monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. If a diuretic is also used, the risk of lithium toxicity may be increased. Antacids: In a clinical pharmacology study, coadministration of an antacid (aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone) with fosinopril reduced serum levels and urinary excretion of fosinoprilat as compared with fosinopril administered alone, suggesting that antacids may impair absorption of fosinopril. Therefore, if concomitant administration of these agents is indicated, dosing should be separated by 2 hours. Other: Neither fosinopril sodium nor its metabolites have been found to interact with food. In separate single or multiple dose pharmacokinetic interaction studies with chlorthalidone, nifedipine, propanolol, hydrochlorothiazide, cimetidine, metoclopramide, propantheline, digoxin, and warfarin, the bioavailability of fosinoprilat was not altered by coadministration of fosinopril with any one of these drugs. In a study with concomitant administration of aspirin and fosinopril sodium, the bioavailability of unbound fosinoprilat was not altered. In a pharmacokinetic interaction study with warfarin, bioavailability parameters, the degree of protein binding, and the anticoagulant effect (measured by prothrombin time) of warfarin were not significantly changed. Drug/Laboratory Test Interaction Fosinopril may cause a false low measurement of serum digoxin levels with the Digi- Tab RIA Kit for Digoxin. Other kits, such as the Coat-A-Count RIA Kit, may be used." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2786 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T4", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T5", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T6", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T7", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Potassium-Sparing Diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T8", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fosinopril sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T9", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazide diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T10", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Potassium-sparing diuretics" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T11", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "spironolactone" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T12", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amiloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T13", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "triamterene" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T14", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T15", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T16", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T17", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T18", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T19", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T20", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T21", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T22", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T23", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T24", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aluminum hydroxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1465, 1483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T25", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "magnesium hydroxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1485, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T26", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "simethicone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1510, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T27", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1528, 1538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T28", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "fosinoprilat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1597 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T29", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1615, 1625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T30", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antacids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T31", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1696, 1706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T32", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1833, 1850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T33", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chlorthalidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1987, 2001 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T34", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2003, 2013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T35", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propanolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2015, 2025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T36", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2027, 2046 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T37", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2048, 2058 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T38", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 2060, 2074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T39", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "propantheline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2076, 2089 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T40", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2091, 2098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T41", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2104, 2112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T42", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "fosinoprilat" ], "offsets": [ [ 2137, 2149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T43", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 2189, 2199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T44", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2275, 2282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T45", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fosinopril sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2287, 2304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T46", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "fosinoprilat" ], "offsets": [ [ 2337, 2349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T47", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2411, 2419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T48", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2543, 2551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T49", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Fosinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 2617, 2627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T50", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2671, 2678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T51", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2718, 2725 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T2", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T4", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R3", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T8", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R4", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T18", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R5", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T23", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R6", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T24", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R7", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T25", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R8", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T26", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T27", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Fosinopril_ddi_R9", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T30", "arg2_id": "Fosinopril_ddi_T31", "normalized": [] } ]

[ { "id": "Lincomycin_ddi__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Lincomycin has been shown to have neuromuscular blocking properties that may enhance the action of other neuromuscular blocking agents. Therefore, it should be used in caution in patients receiving such agents. Antagonism between lincomycin and erythromycin in vitro has been demonstrated. Because of possible clinical significance, the two drugs should not be administered concurrently." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 387 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Lincomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "neuromuscular blocking agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T3", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lincomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T4", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "Lincomycin_ddi_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T1", "arg2_id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "Lincomycin_ddi_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T3", "arg2_id": "Lincomycin_ddi_T4", "normalized": [] } ]