1920-06-01

FIRST READINGS.

[Stage Direction]
Bill No. 142 (from the Senate), for the relief of Jennie Wright.-Mr. Fripp.
Bill No. 143 (from the Senate), for the relief of Alfred Charles Edwin Westley.-Mr. Fripp.
Bill No. 144 (from the Senate), for the relief of George Orville Scott.-Air. Fripp.
Bill No. 145 (from the Senate), for the relief of John William Wallace.-Mr. Wallace.
Bill No. 146 (from the Senate), for the relief of Harry Davis.-Mr. Wallace.
Bill No. 147 (from the Senate) for the relief of Elizabeth Conway Murray.-Mr. Fripp.
Bill No. 149 (from the Senate), for the relief of Frank Fulsom.-Mr. Fraser.
Bill No. 150 (from the Senate), for the relief of James Proudfoot.-Mr. Hocken.


[Stage Direction]
On the Orders of the Day:
Rt. Hon. Sir ROBERT BORDEN (Prime Minister):: Mr. Speaker, some hon. members of the House have directed my attention to certain statements in the press to the effect that they had signed a round robin for increased indemnity, and that the attendance of hon. members on this side of the House had been affected because of noncompliance by the Government with their desire. So far as I am aware, no such round robin exists.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


Robert Laird Borden: At all events, I have never seen it nor heard of it-


Mr. BELAND:: Nor have I.


Robert Laird Borden: -except through the press reports to which I have alluded. Let me say, Mr. Speaker, that I have no reason to suppose, nor do I believe, that the
attendance of hon. members on this side of the House has been in any way affected by reason of the cause assigned.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


Robert Laird Borden: The only action taken by members of which I have personal knowledge is the fact that a certain number of gentlemen had an interview with me upon this subject about a week or ten days ago, at which a very non-committal answer was received from me.



NEWSPRINT SHORTAGE.

[Stage Direction]
On the Orders of the Dav:
Mr. .1. R. WILSON (Saskatoon): Mr. Speaker, I desire to bring to the attention of the Government the fact that about an hour ago I received a number of telegrams from my city in reference to the paper shortage. It is stated that the newspapers in Saskatoon will have to cease publication unless some arrangement is made to secure a supply of paper. I should like to know whether the Government have taken any action in the matter, and what they intend to do to relieve the situation.
Sir HEiNRY DRAYTON (Minister of Finance):	The newspaper publishers of
Canada have had a committee looking after the newsprint question, and negotiations have been under way with a view to obtaining necessary supplies for the newspapers. An agreement was reached last October under which the mills and the newspapers arrived at certain prices, not on the basis of Governmental paper control, but as a matter of ordinary business arrangement between the mills and the newspapers. That agreement provided not only for the supply of newsprint at a fixed price which had been agreed upon up to the end of June, but also for a supply for the Canadian press from then on at the usual trade rates as fixed by the pulp and paper manufacturers as applicable to the export trade. I regret very much to have to inform the House that last Saturday the newspaper publishers interested came to Ottawa and reported that they had been unable to provide for proper newsprint supplies and that there was grave danger of a large number of Canadian papers- some 27 in all-having to suspend publication, not because they were not willing to pay the price but because the commodity was not available for them. Telegrams have been sent out to the different manufacturers of newsprint and the matter will be taken up to-morrow morning with those manufacturers. I hope to be able to give
[Stage Direction]
my lion, friend more definite information after that meeting.
Hon. CHARLES MARGIL:: Has the minister suggested to the newspaper proprietors the propriety of reducing the size of their newspapers?


Sir HENRY DRAYTON:: That is a matter that has been considered by the newspapers. What the newspapers say is that the amount of newsprint that they use is negligible compared with the total Canadian output. They point out that the whole additional quantity that they require to carry on only amounts to two per cent of the export of the Canadian mills. What I mean by that is this:	Contracts have
been made to a certain extent with the Canadian papers and all that is -necessary to keep these 27 newspapers going is the insignificant amount of two per cent of the export of our mills.


Mr. W. F. MACLEAN:: I would like to say in regard to the matter that while the organization of the newspapers-


Mr. SPEAKER:: Order. If the hon. member wishes to submit a question to the Government he will be quite in order in doing so, but a debate cannot be entered on at this stage.


William Findlay Maclean: Then I will ask: How is it that this association of newspaper publishers have secured contracts for themselves when they had agreed, or had taken the position, that no agreement was to he made unless all the papers were provided for? Now "we hear that certain papers have been provided for and apparently the energy of the association has weakened. I want to point out to the minister that all the papers should be taken care of in this matter.


Edgar Nelson Rhodes: The hon. member is
going beyond the limits of a question.
SUPERANNUATION OF MR. De CELLES, LIBRARIAN OF PARLIAMENT.
On the Orders of the Day:


Hon. RODOLPHE LEMIEUX (Maison-neuve):: I hope I will not he indiscreet if I ask my right hon. friend the Prime Minister (Sir Robert Borden) in perfect good faith if the rumour is correct that the present King's Printer is to be promoted to the position of Librarian of Parliament and if the present Librarian, Mr. DeCelles, is to .be superannuated. I wish to state further that all the lovers of Canadian literature, because Mr. DeCelles writes with equal fluency

in English and in French, would be very sad indeed if he were superannuated. He is full of health and vigour and can render most valuable service to the Canadian people by his writings.


Robert Laird Borden: Mr. DeCelles has been superannuated after a long period of creditable service extending over forty years. I understand he has arrived at the age of 76 years. Mr. Ta-che has been .appointed Librarian.


Hon. Mr. FIELDING:: Was Mr. DeCelles superannuated at hie own request?


Robert Laird Borden: Mr. DeCelles was superannuated with his full consent.


William Stevens Fielding: "At his request," and "with his consent," are two different things.


Robert Laird Borden: With his consent.


William Stevens Fielding: Not at his request?


Robert Laird Borden: I cannot say that.


Charles Marcil: Is a new King's Printer to be appointed or is the position to be abolished?


Robert Laird Borden: The department of Public Printing and Stationery has been partly - reorganized. The reorganization is still being carried on with immense 'advantage, as I believe, to the public interest, and with ,a very great saving 'to the public exchequer. Further information will be given at a later date.


Rodolphe Lemieux: Is not my right 'hon. friend afraid that too many Cooks will spoil the broth?


Mr. GAUVREAU:: May I ask the right hon. the Prime Minister if any good ground has been given for asking Mr. DeCelles to give his iplaee to Mr. Tache?


Robert Laird Borden: I have given the fact to my hon. friend. If any further information is desired on the subject., I would respectfully suggest to hon. gentlemen that they should put tiheir questions on the Order Paper.
QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE-Mr. H. A.



MACKIE.

[Stage Direction]
On the Orders of the Day:
Mr. H. A. MACKIE (East Edmonton):: On Friday last some members of the House were putting questions concerning my ah-

aence and I find on page 2940 of Hansard the following:


Mr. ARTHUR TRAHAN (Nicolet) :: Mr. Speaker, although a member coming from the province of Quebec it affords me great pleasure to stay here at the week end-


Mr. LAPOINTE:: Hear, hear.


Arthur Trahan: -to take part m this debate.
I do not see the hon. member for East Edmonton (Mr. Mackie) present.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


Arthur Trahan: Where is he?


Henri Sévérin Béland: Do not forget that to-day is Friday.


Arthur Trahan: Has the hon. member gone .for a week-end trip? I leave the answer to the members of this House. As my hon. friend from Beauce (Mr. B^Ianu) reminds me to-day is Friday and it is also fish day.


Ernest Lapointe: The hon. member for East Edmonton has gone home.
Mr. Speaker, I was out of the city on public business of great importance to my constituency and the province of Alberta.



THE BUDGET,

[Stage Direction]
DEBATE CONTINUED ON THE ANNUAL [DOT]STATEMENT PRESENTED BY THE MINISTER OF FINANCE.
The House resumed, from Monday, May 31, the debate on the motion of Sir Henry Drayton (Minister of Finance), that Mr. Speaker do now leave the Chair for the House to go into Committee of Ways and Means, and the proposed amendment thereto of Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Hon. W. L. MACKENZIE KING (leader of the Opposition):: Mr. Speaker, at this
late stage of the debate it will hardly be expected that much can be added by way of argument either for or against the proposals which my hon. friend the Minister of Finance (Sir Henry Drayton) has given to the House in the resolutions which accompanied1 his speech, or indeed either for or against the amendment which has been moved by my hon. friend from Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding).
In the remarks I am about to address to the House I shall endeavour, therefore, not to go into particulars to any great ex-, tent in regard to the resolutions, but rather seek to emphasize in bolder outline than has been possible in the course of the discussion which has taken place, the differences in attitude and point of view which seem to .separate hon. gentlemen opposite who are supporting the Budget from hon. gentlemen on this side of the House who are supporting the amendment of my hon. friend (Mr. Fielding).
But, before directing attention to the differences which exist between us and which have been so manifest in this debate, may
1 say just one word, with many others who have spoken, in regard to an opinion which we all hold in common and that is a word of congratulation to my hon. friend the Minister of Finance (Sir Henry Drayton), on the manner in which he has presented the Budget to this Parliament, on the arrangement of the Budget itself, the information it contains, and the purpose which he has had at heart in presenting it to the House. I think we all realize that upon the shoulders of the Minister of Finance at this session of Parliament there has fallen a burden' heavier indeed than that which has fallen on the shoulders of any previous Minister of Finance. He has not only had to take account of the vast expenditures which have been incurred in the ordinary course of the increasing obligations of this country, but he has also had to take into account all the extraordinary expenditures which have to be met in consequence of the war. As my hon. friend from Shelburne and Queen's mentioned, in presenting previous Budgets during the period of the war, the Minister of Finance of the day has been able to count upon the sentiment of patriotism and enthusiasm throughout the nation to back up any suggestions he might propose to this Parliament. But now the war is past, and instead of the urge of patriotic endeavour the present Minister of Finance has the afteT-math of the war to contend with and he has to present to the House in their stern reality conditions consequent upon the, enormous expenditures which have been incurred in the last few years, the liabilities which they have involved and the herculean efforts in the matter of sacrifice which will be necessary before these obligations can be met. I think that in presenting the Budget in the manner in which he did, going fearlessly and fully into the liabilities of the country, not seeking to conceal in any particular our obligations or to make them appear less than they are, but presenting to us the facts in their true light and significance he has enabled us to comprehend the situation with which we are now confronted. For that reason, as well as for the splendid manner in which he presented the Budget itself, we owe him our hearty congratulations.
I think, too, that the hon. the Minister of Finance is to be congratulated on having professed at least a desire to accomplish certain things. He has said that he hopes that it will be possible in future to raise the revenue that is required without resorting to any further loans. Every hon. member, and every citizen of this country, will

believe that that is a right, a proper, a good and a necessary policy. We may have little consciousness of the full extent of our liabilities, but we all do know that with these liabilities what they are, unless it is going to be possible to meet obligations out of current revenue we are heading towards an abyss of bankruptcy in this country from which it will be impossible to recede. So it is wholly to the public interest, it is wholly to the good of the nation, that the Government have determined-and indeed they would be culpably negligent if they did not so determine-not to have further public loans for the purpose of meeting our obligations.
The Minister of Finance, I think, has also been wise in intimating that he hopes to raise the required revenue by taxation upon luxuries rather than upon the necessaries of life. Whether or not his proposals will accomplish that end I shall deal with in a moment, but in so far as he is endeavouring to place the burden of taxation upon the shoulders of those who are best able to bear it, he is following the sound and proper line of finance.
I think he has been wise also in urging that so far as possible taxation should be in a direct rather than in an indirect form. Though it is not so pleasant a form of taxation, in the long run it is going to result in greater good to the country. It is right that we should know exactly what we are paying out so that we may take the course . that is wisest both from a personal and from a public point of view.
So that in these particulars-in giving us a true statement of the facts, in promising that there shall be no further loans, in seeking to make taxation direct rather than indirect, in promising to place a tax upon luxuries, and also in recognizing that taxation upon incomes is a form of taxation that is preferable to that of indirect taxation-the Finance Minister's professions have been in the right direction, and I believe his purpose has been in accord with his professions.
But, Sir, if he has failed to accomplish his purpose, and if he has failed to carry out his intentions it is because he has found himself a member of a government which has a particular policy of its own for the raising of taxation, and he has been prevented from going as far as he would have liked in the direction he has professed. The fault and the criticism which we on this side have to find are not with ithe good professions and the good intentions of my hon. friend, but
TMr. Mackenzie King.]
rather, that at this time in the history of Canada, at this time in the history of the world, the Government has as respects the Budget, done some things which it ought not to have done, and has left undone other things which it ought to have done. Sir, let me speak for a moment about the things which it has left undone and which it ought to have done.
My hon. friendl '(Sir Henry Drayton) spoke at considerable length about the necessity of economy and retrenchment. Nothing could 'be more deserving of praise than profession of economy and retrenchment, unless it be the practice of those virtues. But when we turn from the professions of my hon. friend to examine the practices of the Government of which he is a member, we find that we are a long way from seeing an earnest of that economy and retrenchment which he would have us believe is the motive which the Government has at heart. I shall not attempt now to mention the particulars in which the Government has shown a great indifference-I might almost say a wanton indifference-to extravagance in public expenditures, because these matters have been admirably dealt with in the many speeches made by hon. gentlemen on this side. I refer in particular to the speeches of my hon. friend from Brome (Mr. McMaster), my hon. friend from Guysborough and An-tigonish (Mr. J. H. Sinclair), and my hon. friend from Chambly-Vercheres (Mr. Archambault) who spoke last night. If I might I would suggest that hon. members read these speeches carefully, and see wherein the Government has been extravagant and indifferent, and .then take note of what has been said in reply by hon. gentlemen opposite. Why, Sir, some very strong accusations have been made against the ministry from this side of the House, accusations so strong that one could hardly believe that they could pass unchallenged for a single moment. But unchallenged they have passed up to the present time.
I shall mention two or three of these things in order to give my right hon. friend, the Prime Minister, who has not yet spoken in this debate, or some of his colleagues who may speak on his behalf, if he himself does not speak, an opportunity of making an explanation concerning them.
First of all, take the expenditures for last year. I shall not go into the expenditures during the war period because we are all prepared to admit that those expenditures -however vast they may have been, how-

ever carelessly and recklessly they may have been administered in many particulars-are part of the war period which has passed, and that nothing will foe gained by going at too great length into them. But we have a right to consider what has been done since the war, and especially have we that right in view of the fact that hon. gentlemen opposite, after promising that they would hold office only for the purposes of the war are retaining office now for the sake of office. We have a right to ask therefore-


Robert Laird Borden: Will my hon. friend state when that promise was made, and by whom?


William Lyon Mackenzie King: My right hon. friend asks me when the promise was made *that the Government would retain office only for the purposes of the war, and by whom. My right hon. friend knows that I have not at hand at the moment the different speeches made by himself and his colleagues-*


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: -and he knows therefore that I am not in a position at the moment to quote chapter and verse, but I will give him this answer: The people of the Dominion, when they were listening to the speeches of the Prime Minister and of those who sit around him as his colleagues to-day were clearly and definitely under the impression that by their utterances they meant that they were forming the present coalition Government solely for the purpose of carrying on, and helping to win the war, and that when that purpose was accomplished the elements of which the ministry was composed would revert back into the natural groups from which they had come-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: -and that the people of this country would be given an opportunity of returning to power a government which would be in a position to frame peace policies for the period of reconstruction. May I say to my right hon. friend and to his colleagues that if, in the remarks they addressed to the people of this country at the time they were appealing to them for their support, they meant anything different; if they had in their hearts and in their minds what the Minister of Marine intimated yesterday he had in his mind, a mental reservation-if anything of that kind is conceivable it discloses the extent
of the deception which they were practising upon the people of Canada at that time. What are words after all? The devil can quote Scripture for his purposes. It is the intention, it is the impression that you seek to convey, that counts; and hon. gentlemen opposite-both those of Conservative persuasion and those who at the time professed to be of Liberal persuasion-led this country to believe that the two parties should unite for the purpose of winning the war, and that when that purpose was accomplished they would go to the country and give the people a chance to return a representative parliament.
I am happy to think that there were at least some members of the Government who from a sense of honour felt it incumbent upon them to leave the Administration. On what ground? On the ground that they entered the Government solely for the purpose of winning the war, and on the distinct understanding that when that was accomplished their contract was completed and they were at liberty to retire. Those hon. gentlemen at least had no intention of deceiving the country; they at least had no doubts in their own minds as to what the people understood at the time-they have lived up to the professions they made and the pledges they gave.
Well, Sir, inasmuch as we have had from the question of the Prime Minister a further evidence of the intention of the Government-openly professed by the Minister of Marine and Fisheries (Mr. Ballantyne) recently to hang on to office regardless of the wishes of the people, may I give reasons to the House and to the country why such an intention should be frustrated if it is at all possible to prevent this Government continuing to administer our national affairs?
One reason why an appeal should be made to the country is because these hon. gentlemen have the war habit of mind, and so long as they remain in office they will persist in it. What do I mean by "the war habit of mind"? It is the habit of mind which believes that everything should be done by the autocratic will of the ministry, regardless altogether of the wishes of Parliament; it is the habit of mind which allows lavish expenditures to be accounted for by chance. And I say to hon. gentlemen opposite, and more particularly to the people of Canada, facing as we are the great questions of the day, that so long as this present Administration remains in office, so long will that war habit of mind continue to actuate the Government in their

management of public affairs, especially as regards extravagance in public expenditures.
What evidence have we of that tendency? As I have said I do not purpose to speak of the actual period of the war, but to take the post-war period. As an example I refer to the expenditure for the last current year as given in the Auditor General's Report. And in that connection let me develop the thought which my hon. friend from Guysborough (Mr. Sinclair) brought out so clearly last week. He showed that the addition to the public debt during this year of peace was $395,000,000, or more than $1,000,000 a day. That is the practice of hon. gentlemen opposite as contrasted with their professions of a desire for economy. Notwithstanding all our public debt we are faced with an increase of over $1,000,000 a day on the ordinary expenditures of the country. Such is the record of the Administration since the Armistice, as reported in the last volume of the Public Accounts.
Then take the record of the Government in regard to appointments-which are another prolific source of expenditure. We would have expected that with the large number of appointments made during the war period, there would have been, after the Armistice, a rigorous cutting down of those large war staffs. But we find, in answer to a question asked in this House as to how many appointments had been made to the permanent and temporary staffs of the Civil Service since the Armistice, that at the date the answer was given, several weeks ago, there had been added 4,176 permanent appointees and 22,954 temporary appointees, or a total of 27,130 added to the Civil Service list by the commissioners of the Civil Service during this peace period. In other words, 50 civil servants a day have been added to the Civil Service since the Armistice, or as my hon. friend said in presenting the information,-27 regiments of 1,000 each had been appointed by the Civil Service Commission in this period of peace. There is an example of the practice of hon. gentlemen opposite in contrast with their professions of economy and of retrenchment.
Then we have the moneys that 'have been *unaccounted for,-and here is a statement that has been made from this side time and time again. The Auditor General's Report, brought down only two or three days ago, repeats the story contained in the reports of the two previous years, that a sum of $121,000,000 of public money paid out during the war, has been unaccounted for up to the present time, and that the

Auditor General himself has been unable to get any explanation regarding this huge sum, although he has made request in writing for an accounting of it. There is the practice of hon. gentlemen opposite as contrasted with their professions.
In addition to the failure to account for moneys which have been paid out in accordance with the votes of Parliament, we have also instances of moneys used for purposes other than those for which they were appropriated by this House. That is a violation of one of the fundamental principles of Government: the control of parliament over the public expenditures. When Parliament votes a sum of money for a particular purpose, it is supposed to be used for that purpose. But according to the statements given to us in the Public Accounts money that was voted for the demobilization of our forces, in other words, money voted for military purposes for the security of this country, has been used for publicity purposes to help establish a press bureau which would be of service to hon. gentlemen apposite. There again we have a contrast of the professions of lion, gentlemen opposite with their practice.
Further, we have the indifference of the Government in the matter of requiring leaders for contracts. As has been stated here on several occasions, our laws require, in order to protect the public in matters of public expenditure, that when the Government is about to award contracts it shall call for tenders so that the lowest tenders *may be accepted. We had recently an exhibition of that indifference in regard to one item which I shall mention-although I might mention a great many-the expenditure for the mercantile marine which is being built by the Government. Contracts amounting altogether to $70,000,000 were awarded, and the Minister of Marine and Fisheries (Mr. Ballantyne) in defending his Estimates admitted on the floor of this House that in not a single instance had the Government called for tenders or sought to award those contracts by public tender. And what is true in the case of those contracts is true also of thousands of other contracts which have been awarded by the different departments of the Government-awarded with absolute indifference to the laws which have been placed on the statute book for the protection of the Treasury.
Then, again, we have the indifference of the Government to the supervision of Parliament in the matter of expenditure. As an instance I may cite the case that came

up in the House last week in regard to the appointment of a minister plenipotentiary to Washington. Was Parliament given any opportunity to pass upon the expenditures that will arise in connection with that appointment? All we were told was that the Prime Minister himself had read the correspondence, and had had some one else read it, and that no member of this House .should see a line of it, although already a contract had been entered into which will involve large expenditures, which expenditures the Government will force .through this House by virtue of the majority at its command.
Then let me refer to the moneys which have been loaned to foreign countries. Last night we had a pretty strong indictment of same hon. members and their friends in regard to contracts awarded out of the credits extended to foreign countries. Some $70,000,000 or more have been loaned to countries like Roumania and Greece for [DOT]the purpose of enabling them to [DOT]buy supplies of various kinds. Whether or not these credits are worth anything remains to be seen; but it was shown conclusively last night by the hon. member for Chambly-Vercheres (Mr. Arch-ambault) that the Government had not hesitated to ask companies of which some hon. members on the other side are members or officers to supply goods to these countries, and had not hesitated to pay handsome sums from the public treasury for such goods sent abroad on the credit of the Dominion. That is a form of procedure which, possibly, can he defended by the letter of the law, but I asik my hon. friends opposite: in their efforts with regard to charity, where should charity begin in times such as these if not at home? We have need of economy; we have need of retrenchment in every particular. Instead of spending money lavishly and without the security that is necessary, the Government owes it to the people of this country to see that every dollar that goes out of the public treasury, spent for materials of any kind, is spent wholly and absolutely in the public interest.
Then, I might refer also to the Estimates of the present year, but it would take considerable time to go into the details. Members on this side have referred to item after item that we could well afford to cut down. Surely no member of this House would have found any fault with the Estimates of the Department of Militia and Defence had they been at a lower figure this year than they were a year ago. But
what is the difference? We are called upon this year to vote $4,000,000 more for the Department of Militia and Defence than we were asked to vote last year. Is that going in the right direction? I ask my hon. friend the Minister of Finance: Is that retrenchment? Is that the economy of which he approves?


Mr. CURRIE:: May I put a question to the hon. gentleman? How does the vote for Militia and Defence this year compare with the vote for the year immediately preceding the war?


William Lyon Mackenzie King: My hon. friend has asked me for a comparison between this year and the year before the war. He knows that I have not the figures with me as to the period before the war, but if I had, that would not affect matters one way or the other. The figures that are important are those which indicate which way we are tending. Are we going in the direction of economy, or have we since the war been going in the direction of increased expenditure? The figures of the Auditor General's Report show that whereas last year we spent a sum which was fairly large oti Militia and Defence, this year the Government are asking us to spend an additional $4,000,000 on that account. I say to my hon. friends opposite that if they had come down to the House with four millions struck off the amount of last year, they would have fulfilled to a better degree the wishes of the people of this country.
So Mr. Speaker, while we can compliment the minister on his fair professions and good intentions, we cannot do other than condemn the Government on its record in the matter of economy and retrenchment as having moved entirely in the wrong direction. Just to summarize what I have said: the Government has vastly increased the ordinary expenditure-increased it by over a million dollars a day according to the last statement brought down. It has vastly increased the appointments, both temporary and permanent, to the Civil Service-increased them at the rate of fifty civil servants a day. It has left unaccounted for $121,000,000 or more of public moneys which have been paid out. It has spent money for purposes for which it was not appropriated by Parliament. It has spent public money on contracts without calling for tenders in accordance with the law of the country. It has given money in loans and credits to foreign countries on very doubtful security and in a manner which will help its own friends rather than [DOT] further the best interests of this country.

And, instead of decreasing the public expenditure for the current year, it has ehown in many' particulars a tendency to increase the expenditure and to be indifferent to the necessity of retrenchment. That is one count which we have against hon. gentlemen opposite.
But, .Sir, looking further at the Budget : looking at the resolutions which my hon. friend has brought down, may I say perfectly frankly to him that what we most object to in his Budget is that it protects privilege and war profiteers instead of protecting the consumers of this country? We had expected, at this time of all times, a people's Budget; we have instead a profiteer's Budget; that is apparent when we come to analyse it. I say that for this reason: when we study the incidence of this taxation we find that in practically everything the minister has proposed there are increased burdens placed upon the consumers, not the upper classes, so-called, but the middle or poorer classes; and there is, on the other hand, a, careful protecting and safeguarding of those who are in a position of privilege in this country.
We had a right to expect, having regard to the professed desire o! hon. gentlemen opposite for economy, some statement from the Minister of Finance to the effect that the Government had devised machinery whereby the people throughout the country who had failed to pay their income tax in the last year or two would be obliged to make good their failures. We all know that the income tax has not been collected as fully and carefully as it should have been. Last summer, at the convention which the Liberal party held in this city of Ottawa, a resolution was passed, which was brought to the attention of the Government-a resolution condemning the Government for the non-enforcement of the income tax law. It was in these words:
This Convention condemns the Government because it has not enforced the income tax law in such a manner as to make it produce the revenue which such a tax should produce if properly collected.
The Government, Mr. Speaker, had that resolution before it. The Minister of Finance knew that that criticism was being made, not by one political party only, but by people generally throughout the country. As I have said, we had therefore, reason to expect and hope that when the Minister of Finance came down with his Budget he would also come down with the announcement that as respects the men and 
possibly some women in this country who had not paid the income tax, the Government had devised machinery under which all arrears of taxation would be carefully and fully collected.
Not only have the Government safeguarded some of their friends in that particular; but in regard to war time wealth, the wealth which was accumulated during the period of the war, have they had one word to say in the Budget proposals? One would never know that a single man had made an extra dollar during the period of the war, from what has been said by the Finance Minister in his address or by what is indicated in his Budget. There are several reasons why the Government should have taken account of war time wealth- that is to say, wealth that was made in the period of the war, out of the war, as	a	consequence of the	sacrifices and of the necessities of the people during that time. I say there is more than one reason why the Government should have taken note of that. The first reason is that the Government should have been taking account of it during the war; the Government while the war was going on should have been making some effort to secure from those who were profiting and profiteering during that period sums of money which would help to meet the expense of war. That was not done. Every day of delay means increased difficulty in reaching that particular source of wealth. By not introducing a resolution this session in regard to war time wealth, the Government make it increasingly difficult, if not almost impossible, to reach that source of wealth at any subsequent session or at any subsequent time. And my hon. friends tell us that they are going to stay in office for another couple of years-stay in office for another couple of years and further protect during that period those who have profited so largely during the war.
But, Sir, there is a third reason why the Government should have made some effort to collect from those who profited during the period of the waT, and that is that such a course as that is only right and just. Think of it, Mr. Speaker; think of vast fortunes being amassed during the period of the war, when mem were giving their lives and incurring .sacrifices in the service of the country. Think of the Government allowing the heaviest burdens to rest on the shoulders of the people generally, on the shoulders of those who already have endured great sacrifices, and not seeking to

lighten those burdens by making a levy on war fortunes. It would be better for every man who has made a fortune out of the war to give that fortune over to the State. It would be a thousand-fold better for him, for his children and for his children's children were he to do that, for I can see no good that will come to any home or family that gains a new status and builds up a new place in society out of fortunes that have been reaped through the blood of men and sacrifice of human lives.
I shall not trust to my own words to express the indignation which I believe the people will feel in regard to this indifference on the part of the Government. Let me read the words of a well-known Canadian woman, one who is greatly interested in social and industrial questions, a speaker of great ability, and one whose voice has been heard championing many causes of right, justice and popular liberty. I find in one of the May numbers of this year-I have not the exact date-of the Calgary Albertan, this article:
Government which conscripted life has not proved strong enough to conscript the war wealth. Mrs. Nellie McClung-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: I hear some hon. gentlemen opposite laughing. Some day they will listeft to Mrs. Nellie McClung, and to the voice of the women on whose behalf she is speaking:
Mrs. Nellie McClung, the noted authoress, of Edmonton, was asked toy The Albertan yesterday to give her opinion of the new taxes proposed in the Budget and last evening wired the following:
The money has to be raised, of course, and, personally, I can do without silk stockings and georgette blouses, but I did hope that some of the war debt could be dug out of the war profiteers and the people who boldly proclaimed that they were not "running their business for the glory of God." The new taxes will not be any hardship for those. They will simply add it to the price of their products, and let the people pay, as usual. But it will bear heavily on the salaried and professional people, who are now burdened to the limit. To them it will mean a further lowering of the standards of living, and they will become more than ever the new poor. I would have liked to see the Government make drastic reduction in the' tariff, and cease to protect wealthy manufacturers, sugar people and others and show a real strength in throttling the big interests. The present Budget does not aim to do this. I am disappointed. I thought a Government that felt strong enough to conscript life would be strong enough to do anything.
That is tihe view of a woman in regard to the attitude which the Government have taken in protecting those who have made vast fortunes out of the war and in throwing the burden of taxation upon the common people.
Let me give another voice, the voice of the men who served overseas, as stated by the president of the Great War Veterans' Association. Hon. members have doubtless noticed that within the last few days the Great War Veterans' Association have been considering the effects of this Budget; they -have felt so exasperated at the attitude taken by the Government in intimating they intend to hold on to office irrespective altogether of the views of any class of people in this country, that the Great War Veterans' Association are now sending to the different branches of their organization communications indicative of the attitude of those who hold executive positions, and asking that resolutions be passed telling the Government that the time has come for them to get out of office.
But what do the Great War Veterans say in regard to these taxes? This is a quotation from a message sent by Mr. R. B. Maxwell, Dominion President of the Great War Veterans' Association of Canada, to all branches of his association urging them to call mass meetings for the purpose of demanding a general election. In this message he gives the reasons why the Great War Veterans think a general election is- desirable. This is what he says in particular reference to the Budget that has been brought down:
Parliament now requires that those who served in the war shall share in the payment of the major portion of the war debt despite the fact that war-accumulated wealth remains practically unmolested.
There, in one sentence, is the charge which they make against hon. gentlemen opposite. In this Budget which the Government have brought down, the Government have left war-accumulated wealth practically unmolested.
Lest it may seem that I am going a little far in suggesting that war-aceumula/ted wealth should be held as a first charge for meeting expenditures which have arisen out of the war, may I give to the House a few extracts from a memorandum submitted, not by any special committee chosen for any special purpose, but by 4 p.m. a department of the British Government to a committee of the British House of Commons in regard to this question of war wealth? I do this just to illustrate the nature of the sources from which it might be possible to draw in helping to meet the vast expenditures with which the country is confronted at


Mr. G. B. NICHOLSON:: May I ask the hon. gentleman a question?


William Lyon Mackenzie King: Perhaps my hon. friend will wait until I am through, -when I shall 'be pleased to answer any .questions he may lask. At present, I desire to continue this argument. I have said *that the reason we take exception to the Budget which my hon. friend has brought down is the fact that it does not recognize these great public needs, these great public rights. It has lost -sight .altogether of what the profiteers owe to the community -and to the State at this particular .time, .especially in view of the conditions that have been developing during the past-few years.
*Sir, I wish also to say that another reason for our exception to the Budget is that it reveals the outstanding f-abt 'that fh.e Government 'has no policy for dealing with the high -cost of living. Mr. .Speaker, if there is any question which is paramount in Canada to-day, -and which transcends all other considerations, it -is the important question of the high Cost of living. We could not expect hon. gentlemen opposite to solve 'that question. Certainly not; but we at least had ia right to .expect that they would -take some step towards a solution of the -problems which .the high cost of living involves, and that they would have had some suggestion to offer which would, if adopted, have helped to relieve the burdens which men, women and children in this country are bear-

ing to-day. But rwhiat have they done? Instead of alleviating the high cost of living as it affects the great mass of consumers they have added to it. They have increased the cost of living and made it more difficult for the people of Canada to jive than it has been heretofore. To an invisible tariff they have added a visible tariff on a great multitude of commodities, thereby increasing the cost of living to the vast body ot consumers. From one end of Canada to the other, in every home, there has been considerable difficulty in coping with the isituation. Go where you will, you will find this the baffling problem that taxes the ingenuity of the great majority of the people. As I say, Mr. Speaker, instead of meeting the high cost of living as it wtas obviously the duty of the Government to have met it, by reducing the tariff on the necessaries of life, they have added this visible tariff in the nature of an excise to the invisible tariff Which talready exacts its toll from the people in regard to commodities in general use.
But they have done more than that. They have not been satisfied with merely adding one tax but they have heaped tax upon tax on many of the necessaries of life that enter into daily consumption.
So far as this Budget affects luxuries, we can heartily endorse all that the Government proposes. It is proper that luxuries should be taxed and taxed just as much as they will stand, but, as has been pointed out by one hon. member after another on this side of the House there are many articles, such as boots and shoes, clothing, the different articles required in the daily food of poor people, canned goods for example, which are taxed and over taxed. Consider this excise tax in relation to the cost of living. Take clothing for instance. The cloth say is brought from the Old Country, and on it a tariff tax is paid when it enters Canada, a tax which is based on the par rate of exchange, although the pound sterling has fallen in purchasing value. The result is that instead of the tax being paid on the actual value of the commodity, it is levied on the higher arbitrary rate, which results in additional protection being given to the Canadian manufacturer on this particular article. Then when that commodity gets into the hands of the wholesaler or of the manufacturer who passes it to the wholesaler, an excise tax is levied not merely on the value of the commodity itself but also on the extra taxes that have been put upon it. Upon passing from the wholesaler to the retailer another 
excise tax is placed upon it and then, from the retailer to the consumer, yet another tax is placed upon it. By the time this commodity, in the nature of a necessity, reaches the	consumer,	it is	carrying	notonly its own value but tax upon tax	upon tax and	that is	the
way the Government is solving the problem of the high cost of living. We find that under this Budget the consumer not only has to pay the tariff on many necessaries of life, but hie burden is added to by these different excise taxes.
There is another ill effect which the Budget is going to have on the poorer people in this country in that it is going to encourage the manufacture of shoddy goods. Quality is quite as important as quantity and there is probably no way in which you can hit a man harder than to give him poor value for his money. It will be recalled that Charles Kingsley in describing shoddy material, used the term "cheap and nasty." The poor man who has a hard enough struggle already to provide food and clothing for his children will feel that he cannot afford this extra tax and will be forced to buy this wretched shoddy material.
Instead of caring for and protecting the consumers the Government have left them to their fate. One thing I was surprised to see in regard to this matter was that while a tax is put upon the goods obtained by the consumer there is no tax upon the goods that are being sent out of the country. Why? Because in that instance it helps the manufacturer. He, not the [DOT]consumer, is the chief consideration with the Government, Again, the more you export out of the country, the less there is for the consumer. Look it all over and you see all along the line the interests of the privileged classes carefully taken care of while the interests of the great bulk of the people have not been safeguarded.
But not only has the Government failed to make any contribution towards the solution of the high cost of living, it has shown its absolute incapacity to bring down any proposal, or to denote any policy in the Budget to assist in securing increased production. We have heard hon. gentlemen opposite ge't up in turn and say that the only salvation of the country is increased production; that it is only by increased production we can solve the high cost of living, and get the money to imeet high taxation. Yet in the Budget proposals there is nothing to further that increased production which is needed most of all. To increase production

you must take some of the duties off necessaries and thus lower the cost of living. Then you will make men happier, more ready to work, more ready to put their zeal into the particular lines of production in which they .are engaged. But you must also take the duties off the instruments of production. The Government has not done this. It has not taken any duties off the necessaries of life; it has not taken any duties off the instruments of production. On the one hand, it has no policy to cope with the high cost of living and on the other it has no policy to bring about increased production, which through reduction of duties on the necessaries of life and on the instruments of production is demanded on every side. It is demanded by all classes of people in this country.
Go where you will in Canada to-day and you will find that people are not getting the necessaries of life such as food, clothing and shelter, in the quantities in which they should be able to secure them, Take a young man or woman making his or her own way in the world, starting out in life. Is it good public policy, is it in the interest of human well-being that struggles should be made more difficult than necessary for these young people? If in any way the Government can help to make possible an increase in the number of homes it will be contributing to the happiness, contentment and prosperity of the country. Take homes that are already established in the crowded cities, Montreal and Toronto, for instance, where you have one house close against another or one tenement above another; or in the lonely regions whether on the prairies or in the recesses of the mountains where you have isolated homes; or in those more favoured localities where there is neither overcrowding on the one hand nor isolation on the other; in almost every one of these homes, whether you find there only two persons living together, or a large family, or three generations, you will find the joys of home life diminished, and anxieties increased, by reason of the great advance in the cost of living;	The one thing necessary is,
for the Government to do what lies in its power to bring relief from that anxiety, to make possible a greater degree o,f happiness and comfort than now exists. This it can only do by making possible greater production in those basic industries which provide what is necessary in the way of food, clothing, and shelter.
Take	the requirements of industry
itself. What is all industry? Industry is 189
nothing other than the transformation of natural resources, through a variety of processes, into commodities and services available for human use. It starts with the great basic industries of agriculture, fishing, lumbering, mining. These primary basic industries are those that have to be developed in the first instance. After their development, whatever of wealth is produced from that original source becomes converted by further processes of transformation-through the application of labour, and through the application of tools and machines, to assist in furthering production-into commodities and services of one kind and another available for human use. One result as:	that unless
you make possible the increase of production in the basic industries to the largest extent possible you are only handicapping all the subsequent processes and the ultimate development of wealth. So we say that in regard to the instruments of production applied to the natural resources of the country, there should be as little in the way of handicap as it is possible to have. The more readily available the instruments of production aire, the greater will be the wealth produced from those primary industries; and as greater wealth is produced from the primary industries so will greater wealth be available for the secondary industries, and consequently available to the consumer of commodities. In that way the volume of trade will be increased and the volume of prosperity will also be increased. That is why it is so important that in an effort to increase production the Government should have brought forward some constructive policy.
I can imagine my hon. friend, the Minister of Finance, saying when I suggest that some of the war-time wealth might be taxed, " It is poor policy to tax capital, because capital is the goose that lays (the golden eggs." Well, I can appreciate his not wishing to tax capital, hut I wonder if it has occurred to hon. gentlemen opposite that if there is one form of capital that is most essentially capital it is the instruments Of production that are used for carrying on further production. Instruments of production for the basic industries are the real capital that is necessary along with labour, >to create further wealth; and as long as customs duties are kept on the implements of production of the basic industries so long you are simply taxing the capital that is necessary to produce further wealth.



Now, not only is it in the interest of industry generally that there should be the utmost freedom of production in the primary industries but it as especially in the interest of the manufacturing industries. As I have saiid the wealth that is to be used or further transformed in manufacturing, has to come in the first instance from these primary industries. If it is not obtained there it cannot be obtained at all. As it is increased in volume there, so it will increase the volume of these other industries. There is also this further circumstance: Wages have been going up, salaries have been going up. They cannot go up indefinitely if our manufacturers are to hope to be able to compete with the manufacturers of other countries. There are real wages and there are nominal wages. Nominal wages are what a man gets in terms of money; real wages are what he can buy with hie money. If real wages are not increased a man is no better off no matter how much he gets in the way of increase in nominal wages; and real wages will increase only as the necessities of life become more plentiful and it becomes possible to obtain, at lower cost, the food, the clothing and the warmth and shelter that is necessary. As these things become available in larger quantities so will a man's real wages increase. Now if manufacturers, if the owners of transportation systems, if those who employ men at wages and on salaries hope to be able to meet the world competition it will only be by so increasing the development of the natural resources of the country and the basic industries that wealth will be made more and more plentiful, and that thereby it will be made possible for the wage-earning and the salaried classes to obtain what is needful through the real wages which they Teceive.
Then, Mr. Speaker, the same increase is equally desirable in the interests of trade and commerce. It is not less in the interest of increased production and manufacturing than in the interest of trade and commerce, that there should be a large volume of trade. I think I am perfectly right when I say that in trading profits are made not on the price but on the volume of trade. It is the turn-over that counts-and the greater the number of transactions, the better it will be for the man who is fortunate enough ter be carrying on a particular business. Now what is the effect of the taxation which the Government, is proposing? It is for the most part in the nature of a restriction upon trade; it is making it more difficult

for those who are engaged in trade and commerce to carry on their commerce in the volume to which they were formerly accustomed. The turn-over will not be what it hitherto has been. And if the turnover is checked at one point it is going to check the man further down; and so instead of making for prosperity, the effect of any taxation that restricts development in trade is simply to turn back the hands of the clock, to hamper the production of the real sources of wealth from which all wealth is ultimately to come. I might go at some length into the requirements of trade and commerce in that regard, but I think the point as stated will be sufficient of itself.
Let me, however, develop this further thought-an all-important one at this time- that development of the basic industries of this country is absolutely necessary on the score of a wise, economic development of the future of industry and trade in Canada. The kind of wealth and the kind of production is just as important as the quantity of production, and in many respects more important. Statistics will show unmistakably that in Canada the trend has been relatively away from production in agriculture to the production of commodities along other particular lines. In other words, instead of fostering a natural development in industry in this country, the Governmental policies in Canada have been fostering a highly artificial trend in development. We have been building up cities and towns at the expense of rural life. That is something that cannot be denied; and I say that that is not only against the interests of rural life but is against the interests of the manufacturers, it is against the interest, of all who live in cities and towns.
Let me give the House a few statistics in this regard as to the development of Canada in the last few years. We have not available any census statistics other than those taken in 1901 and 1911, but they show that in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick between those years the urban population had increased very considerably while in those provinces and Prince Edward Island the rural population decreased materially. In Quebec the urban population increased in that period by 314,383, while the rural population increased by only 39,951. In old Ontario the urban population increased by 392,511 in 10 years, or a total of 1,328,489, but the rural population actually decreased 52,184 in the same period, leaving a total of 1,194,785. This

tendency for the urban population to increase at the expense of the rural has been greatly intensified in the province of Ontario during the period of the war owing to the artificial stimulus given to industries connected with the war.
In the western provinces, which are rural above everything else, in 1901, taking the provinces together, 75.39 per cent of the population was rural, and 24.61 was urban; while in 1916-there is a later census in the West-the figures are 64.31 per cent for the rural population and 35.69 per cent for the urban. This is an abnormal and unhealthy division of population where 15 per cent of the available agricultural land is not yet under cultivation.
The census of 1911 shows that the urban population of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta increased 92 per cent in ten years; but the rural population increased only 52 per cent. The census of 1916 shows that this tendency towards expansion of the cities has increased. In Saskatchewan the rural population decreased from 84.37 per cent to 72.79 per cent between 1911 and 1916.
Now, Mr. Speaker, the significance of those figures is very great indeed. What is needed at the present time above all else? During the war the cry that went out to the world was first, for more men; then the cry was, for more munitions; then for more ships; then for more food, and'more food, and more food. And it is the cry for more food that the world is hearing today. It was the lack of food that ultimately brought the German and Austrian armies to their knees. It was starvation that ended the war as effectively as anything else. To-day the need of the world above all other things is for increased quantities of food, and the problem of the high cost of living will never be solved until there is that increase. Yet these statistics that I have read show that the trend in this country during the last couple of decades has been .all in one direction: Increasing the demand for food in the urban centres, while reducing relatively the numbers of those who are capable of producing food in the rural districts. I cannot but believe that a development of that kind is certain to be inimical to any country in the long run, and that it is not a wise national policy which abnormally stimulates development in one direction, while retarding it in a direction which seems all-important from the national point of view.
The hon. Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) I think recognized that this would be one of the most difficult arguments for 189-r
him to meet in the course of his campaign on behalf of the special interests, and he undertook to tell us the other day that it was no use trying to deal with this movement from the country into the towns, that civilization was tending that way, that it was inevitable. I think we get the crux of the situation in the attitude we take towards this problem if we really believe that it is in the interests of national development to be indifferent to this movement away from the land to the urban centres, that it is the urban centres that must at all costs be developed at the expense of the rural districts, why, certainly we are likely to advocate a policy that will further that end. But, on the other hand, if we believe that the interests of both the rural and the urban centres will be best served by keeping a maximum number of people on the land to produce the necessaries of life in as large quantities as possible, then our views towards the fiscal and other great problems of the country will be determined accordingly. Let me read what the Minister of the Interior said in regard to this development. His remarks will be found in the unrevised Hansard of May 25, at page 2774:
But, this diminution which has come to Canada, to the United States and to every country in the world-and it is terribly 'aggravated in Great Britain by reason of their fiscal policy, undoubtedly,-this general diminution in rural population is inevitable; no change of policy can ever alter it. Why? Well, it seems to me that the reason is obvious. The farmer produces food; that is the great product to the turning out of which he applies his energy. As the world advances in population, people do not eat any more food individually; the need1 of food increases just as the population advances and no more. But as civilization advances the other needs and indulgences of mankind multiply an hundredfold. Transportation needs,1, clothing needs, entertainment needs, all these requirements advance by leaps and bounds, whereas food remains relatively stationary. Consequently a larger proportion of the world's people are engaged in making these other products and rendering these other services than are engaged in the growing of food. Do what we will, we would be foolish to try to 'beat back logic itself, and the whole trend and movement of the age.
That is a hopeless attitude to adopt, and I am surprised that one who is usually so careful in following out an argument to the last point should have slipped, into some of the errors which my hon. friend (Mr. Meighen) has made in that statement. He says that the people's demand for food has not increased, but that their demand for clothing has, and that that is something we need more and more of as we go along. Well, I would ask my hon. friend: Where

is the wool and where is the cotton to come from which are, -so essential for clothing unless from the products of the farm?


Mr. MEIGHEN:: The hon. gentleman will see that I used the word "mainly." That, I said, was "mainly" the product of the farm. It is true that the raw wool is also, but it would be a stretch of the imagination to believe that cotton is a product of the farms of Canada.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: My hon. friend was not speaking of Canada alone, he was speaking also of the United States and of England. I would like to bring to the attention of my hon. friend that all the things essential to life-food, clothing, shelter, warmth-are derived from the basic industries-agriculture, mining, lumbering, fishing. These things are fundamental. When we follow out what my hon. friend has said, what does it come to? That the thousands of men going into the different callings of transportation, of mercantile life, and other city activities mean that so many more men have to be fed in the urban centres and that fewer men remain in the country to supply the needs of the augmented	urban population.
That is what it comes to, this artificial development; society is making less possible all the time the production of the necessary commodities in the required quantities. I can see nothing but misfortune for any nation or any country that permits a development of that kind to proceed. My hon. friend spoke about England and talked about the increase in the slums. He pointed out that there was a great deal of unemployment in these slum areas of the cities. Well, that is an inevitable effect of the turning of development from the land into urban centres, where the development is not natural and proper. Let me quote to my hon. friend words of great truth as well as of great beauty, which I take from Goldsmith's Deserted Village-they are familiar to him, I am sure. These words view in one stanza the situation that we are trying to view as a whole:
111	fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Princes and lords may flourish, or may fade, A breath can make them as a breath has made; But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, When once destroy'd, can never be supplied.
That, Sir, is a fundamental consideration of which we should take account at this time. We do not want to see in Canada an aristocracy of wealth grow up in our large cities, and men leaving the rural .areas, a great plutocracy and aristocracy com-

bined on the one side, and men decaying and villages and rural life deserted on the other. What we want is a bold peasantry; what we want is men who love the soil, who love contact with nature. We need them, as I have already said, if we arc to maintain our human society in a proper degree of strength and vigour. It was with that consideration in view that at the Liberal Convention held last summer, in addition to a resolution with regard to the tariff, to which I shall refer in a moment, the following important resolution on encouragement to agriculture was laid down as one of the planks of the Liberal platform :
In the interest of agricultural production and development it ia expedient to encourage cooperation and induce greater investment in farming; therefore, it is deemed expedient to utilize the national credit to assist co-operative agricultural credit associations to provide capital for agriculture at the lowest possible rates.
With the object of reducing the high cost of living by eliminating as far as possible the waste and expense in handling food products between the producer and consumer, it is expedient to extend the principle and system of Canadian Government elevators and to provide interior and terminal cold storage warehouses equipped for the assembling, assorting, preparing, storing and grading of food products in order that co-operative organizations and others may have available to them reliable, modern equipment, for the distribution of farm products in superior condition and at lessened cost either for domestic consumption or for export. And that cold storage transportation facilities should be provided, at the cost of operation, for the shipment of food products throughout Canada and for the carrying to the markets of the world the surplus farm products of this country and delivering them in such condition that will make Canadian foodstuffs a standard of quality for the world's market.
That, in the interests of agriculture, in aid of greater production on the land, and for the conservation of the soil in Canada, it is expedient for the Government to arrange for the distribution of fertilizers at the lowest possible cost.
Now, Mr. Speaker, the Liberal party in its advocacy of measures that it believes to be in the interests of agriculture is not seeking in any way to care primarily for the interests of one class as against the interests of another. As I have said to-day,
I firmly believe that the welfare of every city dweller is dependent absolutely upon the well-being and welfare of the people who dwell in the country, and only as we increase and improve agricultural development shall we make possible a happier lot for the masses of the people in the cities; shall we make possible a reduction in the cost of living; shall we make possible the . obtaining of food supplies at a price which will enable us to get the labour fiat is

necessary for the carrying on of the manufacturing industries.
There is another reason why I think we should encourage the people as far as we can to live in the country. The greatest of all assets to a nation is the health of its people. There is no denying that country life makes for the health of the human being, as life in the city does not begin to do. To the extent that the people are engaged in rural occupations; to the extent that they are in close contact with nature, -in fishing, in mining, in lumbering, in agriculture, in any of these great basic industries-to that extent will they be stronger and healthier. For that reason I should like to see an energetic policy of rural development instituted in this country which would help to make rural life as attractive as it possibly can be made. Let me illustrate what I mean iby a simple example. The Government has had voted large sums of money which it is prepared to lend to munigipalities for the purpose of putting up dwellings for working men in cities and towns. That may he good as far as it goes, but something much better would be the erection all over this country of cottages on farms where men and women could live with their families, working as farm labourers and farm helpers, if you like, having their own cottages, their own homes, and assisting the farmers in the production of necessities for the people in the cities and towns. Anything that will encourage the people to go on the land; anything that will help to make farm life enjoyable and prosperous, will help to develop a prosperous and vigorous people.
Having regard to the vast losses which we sustained during the war, to the numbers of men -who were killed, and to the large numbers who suffered physical injury of one kind or another or impairment of health, it becomes most important that the Government should give as much attention as it possibly can to the conservation of human life. We talk a great deal about the conservation of natural resources, -but, Sir, the conservation of human life is equally important. May I here refer to another most important plank in the platform of the Liberal party as laid down at the convention of last year? The following resolution on the conservation and improvement of physical standards of Canadians was moved, as I recall it, by one of the women delegates:
Whereas the Great War and the greater epidemic have taken an appalling toll of Canadian life ; and
Whereas human life and physical efficiency are the nation's greatest assets; and
Whereas the conservation and improvement thereof should be the country's first care;
Therefore this gathering of Liberals in convention assembled pledges itself to a vigorous prosecution of the measures best calculated to conserve the life and improve the physical standard of our Canadian citizenship.
As I said a moment ago, human life is much more important than wealth; health is of greater concern and a more important capital than money. But what is being done at the present time along preventive lines? I know that hon. gentlemen opposite have established a Department of Health, and in that work they have had the co-operation of members on this side of the House. But thus far we have seen very little as a result of what is being done by that department. May I urge the department to consider this matter of the health of the people, not in any small way, but as part of a great national policy such as I have been endeavouring to indicate during the course of my remarks this afternoon, based upon the wisdom of bringing people into contact with nature; the desirability of enabling as many as possible to find their places of residence, their homes, where their health is likely to be benefited to the greatest degree?
Let me read a line or two from an editorial which appeared in the Montreal Star of May 13. The subject with which it deals is a very important one in connection with the production of wealth, which we are considering at the present time. I am putting it on the material ground, for the meantime, of increased production, because it is only as labour and capital are applied to the natural resources of the country that we have an increase of production. This article is headed: "More Deadly Than War," it says:
Dr. C. D. Parfitt, of Muskoka, tells the special committee on pensions at Ottawa that Canada lost more lives from tuberculosis than in battle with Germans.
The editorial continues:
The figures Dr. Parfitt gives are alarming. In five years 35,684 Canadian soldiers were killed in battle in Europe, and during the same period 42,920 Canadians died of tuberculosis in Canada. The incidence of tuberculosis was 120 per cent greater in the Canadian than in the British Expeditionary Force, suggesting that the people of this country are peculiarly susceptible to the ravages of the disease.
The greatest war of all time has come and gone, with its tanks and poison gas, and many deadly weapons perfected by science, yet it ha9 failed to equal in destruction of life the steady ravages of tuberculosis. Its sum of misery, with families broken up, lifework cut

off, strong men bent under bereavement, and talent filched from the public service, makes a smaller heap than is the regular loot of the White Plague.
The contrast between the nation at war and the nation at peace is now being realized in Canada, and it means the lifting of a deadly weight off the minds and hearts of the people. But judged in terms of life and death, a more 'deadly weight crushes down upon the public. 3t places also a burden upon the conscience of all. Canada took effective action to bring her men home from the deadly trenches; what is Canada doing to save her women and children from tuberculosis ?
That is not my question, but a question put by a paper which is friendly to the Govemmemt. What is Canada doing to save her women and ehidiren from tuberculosis? Five per cent or one twentieth of our population who earn a livelihood, regardless of their calling in life, are absolutely wholly and continuously, physically incapacitated from performing the duties pertaining to their profession, trade or labour, by disease which is and should be preventable. Place the total population of Canada at 8,000,000, and generally speaking, we estimate one half of this to be male. If it is further estimated that of the male population, at least two-fiths or 1,600,000 are wage-earners, and if you calculate that 5 per cent of this number, because of disease which is capable of prevention, are totally and continuously unable to earn, you can readily understand what a loss this means financially. In order to ascertain what this means, let- us suppose the average earnings to be at the rate of S3 per head per day. Five per cent of 1,600,000 of a population represents 80,000, and this multiplied by $3 each would give $240,000 per day. First you have the loss to the families of the wage-earners, second, the profits lost to employers as a result of these 80,000 people being forced to remain idle, and third, loss of production to the nation at a time when conservation plays such an important part.
As regards the saving o! life, approximately 200,000 babes are born every year in Canada, and an average of 120 out of every 1,000 of these die before they are one year old from conditions which may and should be, in large measure, prevented. This in itself deprives the nation of 24,000 potential native-born citizens a year. There are between 10,000 and 15,000 deaths annually in Canada from tuberculosis.
My reason for touching on these questions of health at this point is as I have indicated, that the Government have told us

that what is needed at the present time above all is increased production. We can have increased production only as we have increased labour, increased willingness to produce and increased instruments of production wherewith to labour. It is going to be increasingly difficult to- have the immigration we had in former years, because Europe cannot spare her people as she formerly did. Is it not then the part of a wise, sane and -far-seeing policy to try to develop our national life in a manner which will best conserve our human life as well as best increase the production of the necessaries of life for the masses of the people?
I come now to some references which have been made to the National Policy. Hon. gentlemen opposite have sought to revive and stimulate throughout the country interest in the so-called National Policy of protection and to recount all it is alleged to have done for Canada. Without arguing the question one way or the other as to what the National Policy did or did not do, may I submit this consideration to the people of Canada as an all important one, in any consideration of a fiscal policy, namely, the condition of Canada as it was when the National Policy was introduced and as it is to-day in regard to possible future development. 'When the National Policy was introduced into Canada in 1878 or 1879, we had no export of manufacturers vvoTthy of the name, and we had little in the way of a home market. When Sir John A. Macdonald appealed to the House of Commons to support his policy of protection of manufactures, he did so on the ground that what we needed was a home market for our manufactured goods; that we needed to stimulate individual industries; that we needed to give an infant industry an opportunity to grow and develop. The infanlt industry of the day of the inauguration of the National Policy has become the giant iron and steel merger of which we have heard mention in this House recently. Is the iron and steel merger, running up into millions, if not billions of dollars, an industry comparable with the kind of industry which Sir John A. Macdonald wished to stimulate? All that I am anxious to point out at the moment is that as times change, conditions come to the fore of which full account should be takenp From the moment the National Policy was introduced to the present time, efforts have been constant to improve conditions for a number of special industries in this country? Look at the vast expenditures that

have been made on railways and on canals and shipping; look at the transportation within the country itself and across the seas; see what the Government are doing at the present time in the matter of stimulating the merchant marine; take the work of the Department of Trade and Commerce in having trade commissioners in different parts of the world; take the credits the Government are giving to foreign countries -all of these 'are ways of helping special interests to develop their particular industries. I am not saying that these are not good, but I am pointing out that they all help to give a larger market to the manufactures of this country, and to the extent that they do so, the consumers of this country are placed at a greater disadvantage than they would be if these great advantages were not given to particular interests.
If we are going to consider one interest, let us consider all interests. That
5 p.im is what we say is desirable in developing an industrial policy. No one would say that it was unwise to further internal and export trade; but if it be wise to help and stimulate one industry in its world development, it is equally wise to stimulate all the industries of the country. Let me read what Sir John A. Macdonald said when he introduced the National Policy. These are his words, respecting Canada in the seventies, as he uttered them in Parliament:
a young and struggling country, just emerging from the first struggles with the forest. We have but little realized capital as yet. The manufacturers of the country, with a few small exceptions have scarcely taken root.
!He quoted with approval John Stuart Mill. And here I might direct the attention of the Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) to the question he asked the other * day as to whether John Stuart Mill had or had not supported protection. This is what Sir John A. Macdonald quoted from John Stuart Mill:
The only case in which, on mere principles of political economy, protecting duties lean be defensible is when they are imposed temporarily (especially in a young and rising country) in hope of naturalizing a foreign industry in itself perfectly suitable to the circumstances of the country.
Those are not my words, but the words of Sir John A. Macdonald quoting John Stuart Mill. The point 'I make is: That any argument .as to what was necessary and what was the best policy for Canada in 1879 must be considered to-day in the light of the changed conditions.
Sir John A. Macdonald in the statement I have just quoted refers to the fact that Canada was then a young country with practically no home market for her manufactures and certainly with no export market at all. Let me give my hon. friends the contents of a communication which I think will appeal to them as authoritative, and which will indicate the change that has taken place in Canada since the National Policy was first introduced. .When my hon. friend from Quebec East (Mr. Lapointe) and I had the pleasure of visiting 'the Maritime Provinces in tihe early part of this year, we were most generously received toy the Commercial Club of St. John, o'f which, I think, the hon. .member for St. John is president. He was away .at the time, but the vice-president and other officers of the Commercial Club showed us great courtesy and asked us if we would accompany them to St. John harbour to see 'the nature of the .shipping at that port. We spent the morning going over the harbour and looking at the different ships that were lying at .anchor there. The point that these gentlemen wished to bring .especially to our attention was that the facilities at St. John were wholly inadequate to meet 'the demand which was imposed upon 'them by the amount of shipping that was toeing done at that .port. It was in the month of January, and at that time every wharf was lined with ships. Lying at anchor in the harbour were some thirteen or fourteen ocean liners that had to wait their turn to get accommodation. Those ships were there from every quarter of the globe. They were there to take Canadian goods, the natural .and manufactured products of Canada, to the markets Of the world. They were there to carry our products to Europe, Africa, Australia and . South America. After we had had an interesting survey of 'the harbour I .asked one of these gentlemen if he would kindly furnish me with a statement of the different ships we had seen .and otf the cargoes they were carrying. I .ot me read the letter I received. It 'throws light on the present development of trade in Canada and what our industries are doing in relation to foreign markets. The letter is dated St. John, N.B., January 17, 1920, and is as follows:
Honourable W. L. Mackenzie King,
City.
Dear Sir:-Agreeable to your request of this a.m., I have great pleasure in endeavouring to place before you full particulars of steamers lying in and about the port of Saint John,

together with their import and export cargoes to be handled here.
Beginning with steamers you did not see, and which were lying outside the harbour, beyond Partridge island, obscured by the snowstorm, there are:
C.P.OjS. iSS. Dunbridge, from London with inward general cargo; arrived January 9th to load grain, provisions, cereals and general cargo for Antwerp and London.
O.P.O.S. SS. Montezuma, from London with general cargo; arrived January 10th to load grain, provisions and general cargo for London.
C.P.O.S. SS. Batsford, from U.K. port, in ballast; arrived January 11th to load flour for U.K.
Canada Steamship Line SS. Georgic, from Havre with general cargo; arrived January 11th to load meats, provisions, farming implements and general cargo for Havre.
SS. Grof Kuen Hendervary (Italian), arrived January 12th in ballast to load grain for Italy.
SS. Monceniso Primo (Italian), arrived January !12th in ballast to load grain for Italy.
Vessels at anchor in the inner harbour:
Marine Navigation Co., SS. Alston, from St. Nazaire with general cargo and ballast; arrived January 12th to Pad automobiles, machinery and general cargo for St. Nazaire.
SS. Protea (Italian), arrived January 11th in ballast to load grain for Italy.
tSS. Willpolo (American), arrived January 10th in ballast to load grain for Italy.
SS. Fedora (Italian), arrived January 7th to load grain for Italy.
SS. Drammensfjord (Norwegian), arrived January 14th to load general cargo for Scandinavian ports.
Vessels in berth:
SS. O. A. Knudsen (Norwegian), arrived January 6ith; idle awaiting grain berth to load for Italy.
Furness Line SS. Glenspean, from Antwerp ; arrived January 11th with ballast and general cargo; idle awaiting loading berth for grain, provisions and general cargo for Antwerp.
Manchester Line SS. Manchester Mariner, arrived January 9th from Manchester with general cargo; awaiting loading berth to load grain, provisions and general cargo for Manchester.
Dominion Coal Co., SS. Lingai discharging coal.
Canada Steamship Line SS. Lord Dufferin, from Havre; loading general cargo for Havre.
SS. Dailwen, loading deals for U.K.; sails ' to-day.
C.P.O.S. SS. Sardinian, loading grain, deals, and general cargo ; sails for London to-day.
C.P.O.S. SS. Moittisfont, loading grain, deals and general cargo for London.
Houston Line SS. Hyanthes, with lumber, manufactured goods and general cargo for Brazil; sailing to-day.
C.P.O.S. SS. War Peridot, repairing propeller; will sail for Liverpool with grain, deals and general cargo.
C.P.OJS. SS. Holbrook, with general cargo from London; arrived January 7th. Only docked to-day to load grain and general cargo for Antwerp and London.
C.P.OjS. iSS. Empress of France, from Liverpool with passengers, mails, and cargo, loading for Liverpool.
'SS. Posillipo (Italian), loading grain for Italy.
SS. Bradavon, loading flour for Belfast.

SS. Cairnmona, loading flour for Greece.
SS. Orari, loading autos, machinery, and general cargo for New Zealand and Australia.
SS. New Georgia, loading autos, lumber and general cargo for Capetown, Port Elizabeth, East London, and Delagoa Bay.
I am sorry I am not able to get from the photographers scenes we had taken of the harbour and railway terminals, showing the congested and chaotic state existing a few days ago, but hope to have these on Monday, when I shall mail them to you at Ottawa.
Again thanking you for your great courtesy and interest in viewing the harbour situation at Saint John, I am,
Yours respectfully,
,	D. W. Ledinqham.
Now, Mr. Speaker, there is a picture of the development of trade and industry in this country as it is at the present time. This was the month of January. You will observe that the ships were to sail to practically every part of the world, to Africa, to Australia, to Brazil and to the northern and southern parts of Europe, and this was only from one of our ports. It all denotes trade that lias been facilitated by the 'Government. It must 'be apparent that the great body of consumers in this country are entitled to at least some consideration when their taxes are going in very large measure to help ta make possible this vast development of export trade. The photographs which were promised in the letter came in the course of a day or two, and when one looks at them one sees railroad terminals jammed with cars. Everything that can be done to increase and further develop this vast trade may be desirable, hut as was pointed out by some hon. gentlemen who have spoken in this debate, and particularly by my hon. friend from Red Deer (Mr. Michael Clark), iit is impossible to have trade going in one direction and expect to continue doing business un-_ less you have cargoes in the opposite direction as well. Many of these ships came to Canada in ballast, bringing nothing valuable to our shores; that is not a condition that can be maintained indefinitely. If we want to build upon a sound basis we must develop those industries which we are best qualified to develop, and to the greatest extent possible encourage exchange of products with other nations.
All I am arguing for is that in our national policies we shall not have a circumscribed or narrow vision; but that we shall look to the necessities and interests of all classes and groups and not to the particular interests of any group or class. As I listened to the hon. Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meigben) who expounded the Government's policy, it seemed to me, that

he had fallen into the common error of those who become advocates of protection of looking primarily to special interests as of vital concern. His mind seemed focussed on particular interests to ithe exclusion of industry as a whole. He spent a great deal of time citing from the reports of special committees which he said had been appointed by the Asquith Government to report upon the condition of particular industries in England. He sought to emphasize the findings of these committees because some members of them urged increased protection. But my hon. friend forgot to make a survey of British industry as a whole. It is perfectly true that certain industries in England have not the position they formerly had, but the question we must ask is: "What was England's position as a whole during the war; was she not able not only to finance herself and the different nations allied with her, but to carry the war through to a successful issue?" It is possible that the steel and iron industry of England is not at the moment what it once was. But what about England's shipping industry? Englishmen say that so long as England is an island she has to keep command of the seas through her merchant marine, and she has to protect it by her navy. As a result when the war came on England was supreme in that realm and it was her merchant marine together with her navy that saved her and helped save the rest of the world. England with her merchant marine could go to any quarter of the world to get the supplies she needed to feed her people, and to produce the needed armaments.
You can always get men to say that from the point of view of a particular, industry it is desirable to protect it and you do not need to go to England for an example of that. If you focus your mind on any particular industry or profession or business you will find some who are interested in it favour the application to it of the protective principle. But when you leave a particular industry and cast your eye over all industries you will realize that while protection may be necessary in special cases,-its application generally is not equally beneficial. You prove nothing if you- take one example and leave out all other considerations. There is a little book which was published in the Middle Ages in England known as Seldon's Table Talk in which a youth says to his father that he can prove by the kind of logic that his father has been using that he is perfectly entitled to marry his own grandmother. His father has been
saying that a certain thing has been done in one case and therefore it ought to be done in another. When questioned by his father as to how he could argue as he did the son replied: "You married my mother; why should I not marry yours?" So it is in regard to the logic of my hon. friend (Mr. Meighen) who siays that because certain industries considered by themselves would be the better for protection, therefore other industries in other countries are in need of it.	[DOT]


Arthur Meighen: What industries of importance are there that are not covered by the iron and steel industries such as the electrical trades, the engineering trades and the textile trades?


William Lyon Mackenzie King: There are a
great many others but I have not the time at the moment to go into them.


Arthur Meighen: Hear, hear.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: My hon. friend smiles but he does' not take into account the agricultural, the fishing, and the mining industries, which are surely of some importance in England. There is also the shipping industry and others which might be mentioned. 'Surely these are examples enough for my hon. friend. The whole carrying trade of England is involved. It is a matter 'of relativity having .regard to possibilities and opportunities for future developments. I could give my hon. friend a parallel to much that he has given us. Last year in England I took occasion to examine somewhat carefully the workings of joint industrial councils and I was told that in practically all the industries in England where they have joint industrial councils their members were united in a demand for increased protection for their particular industry. EVery day there were demands from bodies interested in particular trades such as the textile trade and others, saying: "We would like increased protection for this industry by itself." When I spoke to one of the English members of Parliament and	asked what
attitude the Government	were	likely
to take in regard to the matter, his reply was: "That is all right as long as we are dealing with individual industries, but these matters are not settled by individual industries; they are settled in Parliament where all industries have a voice. When they look at their own particular industry they say that it ie desirable to give that industry special consideration but when they are confronted in Parliament by

men who are representing different industries it becomes a different question." When you get a vast body of opinion to view the question from its many different angles, .you begin to see the necessity of give and take and the wisdom of not deciding what the policy of the nation shall be on the basis of one, two, or three particular industries because the question must be decided on the basis of what is the proper policy for all. That is the security which is found in our parliamentary institutions; that is why self-government stands ior government of the people as a whole. While it is desirable that the interests of every industry should be safeguarded, Parliament must take into consideration the general interests of the community-it is the good of the whole body politic that has to be considered.
I was surprised to hear my hon. friend (Mr. Meighen) make the comparison he did between England and Germany at the commencement, of the war. He spoke of the condition of preparedness that Germany was in by reason of her vast industries and wealth. If there is one thing more than another which the war has revealed it is that the aim of Germany was not merely political domination but industrial domination, and that what made possible the action of Germany was the combination of plutocracy, autocracy and militarism, the combination of the Ballins and Krupps and men of that kind who had built up vast industries to the exclusion of the rights of the great body of the common people and the autocratic aristocracy that controlled the State.
There would have been no war had Germany been cast in a different mould; but they developed in Germany that love of power, that worship of wealth which made men blind to every consideration of human well-being. So, when Germany took her ruthless step she did it for the purpose of achieving industrial and political conquest throughout the world. But she was beaten by those who* took a different course. She was beaten by those nations that did not favour the special few-either in the matter of wealth or in the matter of privilege-but which had regard for the common weal and for common well-being. Sir, it was the autocratic Government in Germany, combined with the autocratic control of industry, that made the war possible. If the German Government had not been modelled on the basis of autocracy, if her industry had not been constructed on a basis of autocracy, the war would never have been

possible-it was the combination of the two for an object that would further their joint ambition that made possible the step which Germany took.
What is wanted in the world to-day is not autocracy either in government or in industry. What is wanted in the world and in this country to-day is the democratization of government and the democratization o*f industry. I say that any government that will assume, office as this Government did, and say that it intends to hold on to office-despite the demand of the people to the contrary-is an autocratic government.


Ernest Lapointe: Hear. hear.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: I say that the Government, being an autocratic government, in seeking to maintain its friends in their positions of privilege, is trying to build up that combination of autocracy in government and autocracy in industry which must prove disastrous to the wellbeing of a state. In industry there are four factors which are entitled to consideration: Labour is entitled to consideration as well as capital; the community is entitled to consideration as well as managerial ability, and all four are necessary to the carrying on of industry. Give to the workingmen of the country a larger voice in the determining of policies which affect the conditions under which they have to work and earn their wages. Give to the community a larger say in regulating prices, in preventing profiteering, and in restricting combines, and our industrial future will be safe and secure.
But, Sir, in ease I have not answered my hon. friend (.Mr. Meighen) sufficiently in regard to w-hat he quoted from these .special reports, let me give him an authority which I hope he will respect. It relates to what I said a moment ago about considering the well-being of all instead of the well-being of a privileged few. When my right hon. friend, the Minister of Trade and Commerce (Sir George Foster) was Acting Prime Minister, he asked permission to place on Hansard-.because of its great importance- a document of vast significance. It was the declaration of the Supreme Council of the Peace Conference in regard to the economic conditions of the world. Let me read what my right hon. friend said in asking permission of the House to place this document on record. Here is my right hon. friend's statement as reported in Hansard! of May 3, 1920:
I desire to call the attention, of hon. members to a certain matter, and- with the assent of the

House, to make a motion thereon. The reason therefor is 'briefly this: I hold in my hand a declaration made by the Supreme Council of the Peace Conference on the economic conditions of the world. It 'is a recent compilation by an authority which is at the centre of things in Europe, and which has very wide sources of information, and being a pronouncement of that body on the present economic conditions in the world', it seems to me that it would be well to give it as great publicity and attention as possible. The motion I propose to make is that this declaration, which is not a very lengthy one, be recorded in Hansard so that it may come into possession of members of the House and be studied by them. I think it would have an even wider effect by being so published; it would be drawn to the attention of the press of the Dominion generally. It would be of the very greatest benefit to our people throughout the whole country if the statements contained in the declaration were brought to their attention and studied. They go to the very foundation of existing troubles and they end with a certain number of recommendations, or suggestions, and it would he a most excellent thing if we all took them into our consideration.
Now wftiat does this declaration of the Supreme 'Council of the Peace Conference say? I have not the time to read it all, but does it say-as my hon. friend, the Minister of the Interior, says-"Protect this particular industry and restrict trade so far as possible," or does it say, "Make trade as free as you can between different countries and industries thereby helping world development in freedom of exchange?" I shall quote from the document itself. Here are some pertinent passages:
In the sub-joined review of the position, the conference indicates* the lines on which it considers that a solution of the problem can best be found. ...	.
The first step to the reconstruction of Europe is to complete the process of demobilization in all countries, to resume the full employment in peaceful pursuits of the whole of the ablebodied population, and to encourage by every means the normal interchange of their products.
Then elsewhere it says:
-the output of factories and manufacturing industries throughout the world is below the standard which prevailed before the war, and far below the demands now made upon them. The net result of under-production arising from these various causes is an acute shortage of the essential supplies on which the economic life of Europe depends. . . .
This situation requires to be met with the same courage as was displayed on both sides during the war. The energy which was then thrown into the production of foodstuffs must be revived and redoubled in order to restore the situation. It must be made a point of honour with the tillers of the soil in every country to show that peace can extract from nature more than war. Europe must take measures to provide herself more largely with the food she requires in order that she may resume her full activities, and much can be effected if the necessary preparations are made without delay. . . .
In regard to industry generally, each Government must take steps to impress on its people that the limitation of production directly assists the upward movement of prices, and that it is by increasing production that they can best help to solve the problem. Every proposal which may assist in this direction deserves the closest attention. ...	[DOT]
Governments must co-operate in the reconstruction of the common economic life of Europe, which is vitally interrelated, by facilitating the regular interchange Of their products and by avoiding arbitrary obstruction of the natural flow of European trade. . . .
The demand not only for foodstuffs, but for clothing, boots and other manufactured articles, is in most countries far in excess of the supply, while luxuries of every kind command a readier sale than at almost any previous period....	.
It is essential to the recovery of Europe that the manufacture of additional paper money and Government credits should be brought to an end, and this must be effected as soon as the war expenditure has been terminated.
Excessive profit making, commonly known as profiteering, has resulted from the scarcity of goods. Deflation and a check upon the continuous rise of prices will do much in itself to end the conditions that make profiteering possible. But it is essential, in order to obtain the co-operation of all classes in the increase of production, that each government should take such steps as are appropriate to the circumstances of its own people to assure and guarantee to the workers that the burdens that they are called upon by their efforts to remedy are not aggravated by those who would exploit the economic difficulties of Europe for their own personal ends	
That the states which have been created or enlarged as the result of the war should at once re-establish full and friendly co-operation, and arrange for the unrestricted interchange of commodities in order that the essential unity of European economic life may not be impaired by the creation of artificial economic barriers.
There is the report which my right hon. friend, when Acting Prime Minister, caused to be placed on Hansard. There is the report of the Supreme Council of the Peace Conference which he says goes to the very foundations of existing troubles. And the whole tenor of that report is to make the natural flow, or interchange, as between different countries and different industries just as free as it can possibly be made.
Now, Sir, let me speak more particularly in reference to the amendment of my hon. friend ('Mr. Fielding) which is before the House. Unless I have altogether failed in making apparent what I believe to be most necessary in this country at the present time, not only because of Canadian needs but also because of the world situation today, it will be evident that above all else we should have a policy which will help reduce the high cost of living and increase production. If we take the resolution of my hon. friend from Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding), we shall immediately see

that its whole aim and purpose is to call upon the Government to take immediate steps here and now to relieve the problem of the high cost of living by reducing the duties on the necessities of life, and to make possible increased production by reducing the duties on the instruments of production. That purpose is stated in general terms, but that is the real significance of the amendment.
Hon. gentlemen opposite seem to take considerable satisfaction in pointing out the differences in points of view to which expression has been given by hon. members on this side of the House when speaking on the fiscal question; and their party press has been deliberately trying to emphasize those differences. They seem to think it is remarkable that in a large body of men representative of every section of the country and engaged in different activities there should be differences in point of view in regard to what attitude should be taken by the Government toward one industry or another under certain circumstances, or regardless of circumstances altogether. Let me say to my hon. friends opposite that weakness does not lie in differences in point of view where there is an honest expression of opinion, it is not uniformity of opinion that marks the robust and vigorous mind. The weakness that is truly weakness is that type of mind which will not admit into the regions of its thought any views other than those which agree with its own, and which therefore cannot entertain any really honest differences of opinion. The only weakness which I can see in the expression of opinion whatever it may be, is where opinions are expressed that are not in the public interest, and which are dictated by personal considerations. But let me tell hon. gentlemen opposite that if it is united action they are looking for, they will not have very long to wait; as soon as this amendment is put to the vote they will find that every member on this side of the House without exception will vote in favour of it.
Why is that? Because the amendment expresses what is the view entertained generally by the people of this country. It is perfectly true that the amendment does not express all that every member on this side of the House would like it to express; it does not go the length of certain of my hon. friends on this side who incline towards an extreme of free trade, if you will, or towards an extreme of protection. I am perfectly free to admit to hon. gentlemen opposite that on this side of the House we have some
[Mr Mackenzie King.]
men who hold quite extreme views on the fiscal question one way and the other. But this I would point out, that while individually they hold extreme views, they are men enough to give up those extremes and unite on ground which is common and which they feel to be in the public interest; and so long as they are prepared to do that, so long are they serving the public interest. It is out of differences of opinion-strong differences of opinion if you will, held by men of one particular attitude of mind and by men of another particular attitude of mind that in the last analysis we resolve what is best in tHe public interest. Nothing is ever gained in the long run by countenancing extremes, and sooner or later all men realize that the only road of progress is by taking the moderate course.
So while hon. members on this side of the House, as I have said, may not all agree in detail -with everything that hon. friends opposite would like them to favour in regard to fiscal matters, nevertheless they are, I believe, agreed on this -that what is most needed is expressed in the amendment: an immediate reduction in customs duties in a manner which will help relieve the high cost of living, and also free the instruments of production, so as to make possible an increase of production in this country.
And, Sir, they had a right -to expect that the Government would introduce something of this kind, for two reasons: In the first place, because at a previous session the Government had intimated that legislation to that end would be introduced. But what has the Government done to fulfil its promise? It has taken the promissory note of one minister and in exchange for it has given the promissory note of another minister. But of what use are the promissory notes of the Government? As my hon. friend from Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding) said in his resolution, they have failed to implement the promise which they made at a previous session that a general revision of the tariff would be made at the following session.
Let me read from the amendment these words which constitute its substantive part:
"That in view of the continued increase in the high cost of. living, of the greatly increased burden of taxation, of the hardship which many of the people suffer from these causes, and the unrest naturally arising therefrom; and in view of the desirability of adopting measures to increase production and effect such relief to consumers and producers as may be within the power of Parliament, the House is of opinion that, pending a wider revision of the tariff,

substantial reductions of the burdens of customs taxation should be made with a view to the accomplishing of two purposes of the highest importance; first, diminishing the very high cost of living which -presses so severely on the masses of the people; second, reducing the cost of the instruments of production in the industries based on the natural resources of the Dominion, the vigorous development of which is essential to the progress and prosperity of our country."
My hon. friend the Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) asked: Why did the Opposition not bring in the tariff platform laid down by the Liberal party at its last convention? I will give my hon. friend the answer. In bringing in this amendment the Opposition were -anxious to have the Government realize thait they were placing before the Government that which could be done here and now, and that which should be done here and now. Had the Opposition brought in the platform of the Liberal party regarding -the tariff as laid down at the convention, my hon. friend would have been the first to get on his feet and say to hon. gentlemen "the Opposition have brought in a platform which is intended as a party platform, and which they know very well that we on this side cannot be expected to carry out at a particular session." My hon. friend would have said that we had designedly brought before this House something which it was impossible to have immediately carried out, and that in that way we had been trying to play fast and loose with the Administration.
I tell my hon. friend that we are wholly sincere when we say that the people today are demanding an immediate reduction of the duties on these necessities of life, an immediate reduction of the duties on instruments of production These two things should be done here and now. They are a fundamental part of the Liberal platform as laid down at the Liberal convention. We say to the Government: -Do not delay; act immediately in reference to this resolution.
Now, Sir, let me say again that the whole effort on the part of hon. gentlemen opposite-and it is an old trick and a common one-has been to point to the differences between the opinions expressed by individual members and to say nothing whatever about the ground which is held in common and for which all are prepared to fight. They have made a great deal -of the differences of opinion expressed in this debate, but they have said very little about the unanimity of opinion that- prevails in regard to this particular resolution.. The same kind of tactics have been adopted
with reference to what took place at the Liberal convention. Were there differences of opinion at the Liberal convention in regard: to the tariff? Certainly there were. What would any hon. gentleman expect of a gathering composed of representatives from all parts of Canada representing all the different provinces, all the different industries and classes in the community; men and women from the Prairie Provinces; from the rural districts and urban centres of Ontario and Quebec; men and women from British Columbia and from the Maritime Provinces? There they were assembled for three days, discussing questions of interest to this country representing all the different interests and views of the people of the particular districts whence they came. They discussed the tariff issue; they came there for the purpose of discussing it amongst other things. It was known for months that the convention was to be called and that the drafting of a platform on the question of the tariff as well as on other questions would be one of its most important concerns. Was that gathering like a collection of Egyptian mummies? Was it of men whose minds were all cast in the same mould? Was it of men whose individualities and personalities shrivelled and shrank into nothing under the glance of a Prime Minister or the edict of a Government? No; they were free men, discussing freely their views, trying to arrive at a common basis of understanding in regard to what was most in the interests' of the people as a whole. You had there exactly what you have here,-some taking extreme views in one direction, others taking extreme views in another direction. But, Sir, you had the splendid spectacle of that vast assemblage of men and women standing up as one and approving the platform of the Liberal party.
If my hon. friends opposite wish to know .wliat was the resolution, with regard to the tariff adopted at that convention and where I stand in reference to that resolution, let me read it to them at this point.. Let me do so more particularly for this reason: The Minister of (Marine and Fisheries (Mr. Ballantyne) the other day read .from a paper published in the Maritime Provinces, the name of which he did not give, an article in which it was said that in the Maritime Provinces I was advocating free trade. I have never advocated free trade anywhere. I told my hon. friend at the time that what I did in the Maritime Provinces was to read from the platform of the Liberal Party as laid down at that

convention. But my hon. iriend went on to say that I had said one thing in the Maritime Provinces, and he gathered that when I got up to speak here I would say something else and that possibly when I went out to the West I would say something different there,-in other words, that I would , be "all things to all men." Well, it is perhaps natural for my hon. friend and some of his associates who call themselves Liberals but who sit as members of a Tory administration under the name of Unionists 'to think that they can be all 'things to all men. It would,, take a greater than St. Paul to play that role with satisfaction in the administration opposite. I have no desire to imitate anv behaviour of that kind. Hon. gentlemen are only deceiving themselves if they think that they can be all things to all men; that they can remain Liberals and yet hold the views expressed by the Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) during the course of this debate and ap-plauded so vigorously by so many hon. gentlemen apposite. I have only one message to give from the Atlantic to the Pacific. I would not be worthy of the trust reposed in me by members of the party with which it is my privilege to be associated in the position that at the moment I hold, were I to be one thing at one time and another thing at another time. Sir, I was chosen for the responsible duties that I am seeking to discharge at the Liberal convention at which the platform of the Liberal party was laid down, and by that platform I intend to stand or fall. The resolution on the tariff was as follows:
That the best interests of Canada demand that substantial reductions of the burdens of customs taxation be made with a view to the accomplishing of two purposes of the highest Importance: First: diminishing the very high :ost of living which presses so severely on the masses of the people; Second: reduicing the cost of the instruments of production in the industries based on the natural resources of the' Dominion, the vigorous development of which is essential to the progress and prosperity of our country.
That, to these ends, wheat, wheat flour and all products of wheat; the principal articles of food: farm implements and machinery; farm tractors, mining, flour and saw-mill machinery and repair parts thereof; rough and partly dressed lumber; gasoline, illuminating, lubricating and fuel oils; nets, net-twines and fishermen's equipments; cements and fertilizers, should be free from customs duties, as well as the raw material entering into the same.
That a revision downwards of the tariff should he made whereby substantial reductions should be effected in the duties on wearing apparel and footwear, and on other articles of general consumption (other than luxuries),
[Mr Mackenzie King.]
as well as on the raw material entering into the manufacture of the same.
That the British preference be increased to 50 per cent of the general tariff.
And the Liberal party hereby pledges itself to implement by legislation the provisions of this resolution when returned to power.
Supplementing that .resolution i.s a resolution on reciprocity proclaiming the faith that the Liberal party had in that , arrangement as it was introduced, expressing regret that opportunity was not afforded to this country to obtain the benefits of it, and expressing the hope that the time might yet come when some of the benefits that were hoped for by that measure might yet be gained for the people of Canada. Just in this connection may I direct the attention of the House to what my hon. friend (Mr. Meighen) said the other evening. He asserted that most of the things that were asked .for under that reciprocity agreement had been granted by the Government of the day. Wel'1, if that is true, what will the Canadian .people think of the utterances [DOT] olf hon. gentlemen when in the campaign of 1911 they defeated that agreement on the ground that it was against the interests of Canada? I tell him that their attempt to-day to mislead the people in regard to any of the features of 'this platform are just as misleading and just as unpatriotic as were their endeavours to mislead the public in .regard to the results they allege would be brought about by the reciprocity agreement.
Let me further point out that there is not a line in the resolution adopted by the Liberal convention which has not appeared in resolutions proposed in Parliament from this side .prior to 'the time that the convention was held. Theire is not a line in the resolution which was not approved and which had not 'the sanction of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, or which -was not advocated by him prior to his death.	Indeed, at the
very time that he was taken from us he was preparing to give battle to hon. gentlemen opposite on the very" issues that are laid down in that platform. The last public address by Sir Wilfrid Laurier, only two or three weeks before his death, was in the main one approving a resolution passed by Eastern Ontario Liberals in words almost identical with the resolution which was adopted at the Liberal convention. If anything were necessary by way of sustaining the wisdom of a policy such as that which is true to the traditions of Liberalism, it would be, as the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding) has pointed out, the way in which the

Liberal policy which was introduced in 1896 resulted in the prosperity of this country. When the Liberals of 1896 introduced their platform, criticisms were levelled against it much in the nature of the criticisms that have been made against the platform of the Liberal party as adopted at its recent convention. How did that policy work out? True, in some particulars things were not done which might have been done; but let me read to hon. gentlemen, not the words of any one on this side of the House, but the words of an authority whom they will not call in question in regard to what the Liberal party did while in office towards carrying out this policy, and let us see whether or not there is reason to fear that, in the future, should the guidance of affairs be entrusted to the hands of Liberals and those of progressive thought, the affairs of the country will not prosper thereby.
I have in my hand a volume written by Sir John Willison, entitled "Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party." Sir John Willison is, I think, at the present time president of the Canadian Reconstruction Association, and hon. gentlemen opposite know that association and understand its purposes. This is what Sir John Willison has to say in regard to the Liberal policy as it was introduced and as it was carried out. The quotation commences on page 288:
These then were the trade issues which entered into the contest of 1S96, and this the position of the controversy when the Liberal party came into office in Canada. There was undoubtedly uneasiness among manufacturers and some fear among all classes who were concerned in industrial operations and interested in financial and banking institutions that revolutionary tariff legislation would be introduced, investments prejudiced or destroyed, the business of the country thrown into confusion, labour displaced, and commerce embarrassed and depressed. It is the work of a day to create a protectionist system. It is a delicate and difficult undertaking to scale down duties, and establish freer trade conditions without doing damage and injustice to industries which have been created by tariff legislation. The Liberal ministers were bound in unmistakable pledges to proceed with caution and with deliberation, and they thoroughly understood that violent and inconsiderate action would create commercial instability and panic, revive protectionist sentiment, and discredit the cause of tariff reform. They therefore instituted a tariff commission, which met the manufacturers, traders and producers at various centres throughout the country. The commissioners gave earnest and sympathetic consideration to all reasonable representations, and in the main, the [DOT] protected interests presented their arguments in cordial, candid, and straightforward fashion. They took it for granted that while the ministers were most concerned to promote the welfare of the masses of the people, they would prefer to benefit rather than to injure established industries, and that enterprise would be

recognized and investments protected in so far as the interests of capital and labour and the stability of the commercial fabric demanded. These tariff hearings did much to restore public confidence, and to prepare the country for a progressive but safe and moderate measure of tariff adjustment.
On April 25th, 1897, the new tariff was brought down in Parliament, and it is not exaggeration to say that no fiscal measure of more far-reaching significance was ever framed by a Canadian Ministry. It gave substantial relief to consumers and producers.
It gave what we are seeking to-day-a tariff in the interests of consumers and producers, a tariff that will bring relief to both consumers and producers.
It was a bold step in Imperial unity. It introduced the principle of minimum and maximum tariffs, and practically adopted the Davies resolution of 1892 in favour of preferential treatment of British products. In brief, the_ iron and steel duties were reduced from $1.50 to $1.00 a ton, and the bounty increased by $1.00 a ton. The taxes on barb wire and binder twine were abolished. Corn was placed on the free list. The flour duty was reduced. There was a reduction equal to 22 per cent of the duties on refined sugar. Duties on the raw material of many farm necessaries were reduced. The tax on uncleaned rice was increased, as were also the taxes on liquor and tobacco. There was a general substitution of ad valorem for specific duties, and this also involved substantial reduction of imposts. The classifications were reduced and simplified. Provision was made that the duties on goods produced under trusts and combinations could be summarily reduced or abolished. There was also, as the distinguishing feature of the measure, an immediate reduction of 12 J per cent on British goods, and provision for a further reduction to 25 per cent on July 1st, 1898. In a few cases, particularly in cottons, the duties were increased, but this seemed to be necessary in order to give fair scope for the reduction of 25 per cent on goods admitted under the special tariff. This special tariff was not, as then framed, a direct discrimination in favour of Great Britain. The German and Belgian treaties, which will be discussed later, disabled Canada from such direct discrimination in favour of the mother country. It was therefore provided that the minimum tariff should apply to any country which admitted the goods of Canada at rates as low or lower than were prescribed by the specia' schedules. This limited the application of the special tariff to Great Britain and New South Wales, and providing Canada could secure relief from British favoured nation treaties, accomplished the purpose of the Canadian Government. It is convenient to say now that in 1898 West India sugar was admitted into Canada at the lower rate of taxation, and that in 1900 the duties on British goods were further reduced from 25 per cent to 33J per cent below the figures of the general tariff.
The country received the general provisions of the new tariff with marked favour and the British preference with positive enthusiasm. The Conservative attack was directed against the constitutional aspects of the measure rather than against its readjustments of the scale of taxation. It is true that at the moment it was denounced as a deadly blow at important Canadian industries. But when it was found that

trade prospered, industries flourished, and new life was infused into all the channels of Canadian commerce, ground was shifted, and it was thought better to describe the new fiscal policy as a practical ratification of the old protectionist system. In fact, the measure has never been subjected to any consistent line of attack. It is sometimes denounced as unduly favourable to the United States, sometimes as calculated in its practical operation to crush out Canadian industries in order to facilitate British imports, sometimes as unmitigated protection. There is no doubt that the principle of protection still remains in the tariff, and that a measure of advantage is undoubtedly retained for Canadian manufacturers and producers. This is inevitable under any tariff designed to raise the revenues necessary to the financial needs of the country, and is perhaps essential to the growth and stability of commercial and manufacturing operations in Canada in face of the American method of slaughtering goods in outside markets and the lower freight rates enjoyed by many American exporters as against the charges exacted by the Canadian railways for the carriage of Canadian products. Great distances and a small population compel some of these inequalities, and twenty years of extreme protection necessarily brought into existence many industries which coulij not meet low tariff conditions, and could not be summarily subjected to the free and unobstructed competition of British and foreign manufacturers. Practical statesmen must deal in a practical way with existing conditions, and aside from considerations of prudence and equity, the leaders of the Liberal party were doubly pledged against rash and revolutionary legislation.
But it is vain to argue that the Fielding tariff was not a substantial measure of reform. The special tariff on British goods materially encouraged and cheapened importations from Britain, and many of the duties on farm supplies and household necessaries were lowered, to the advantage alike of the consumers and the revenue. In fact, if the British preference had not been introduced as the essential feature of the tariff, it would probably have been attacked as a. relentless free trade measure, and have evoked the strenuous and enduring hostility of the protectionist classes.
It goes on to say something further in regard, to the views which the English people had and ends with these words which are a quotation from an English economist:
At the present moment it would be a step backward if taken by the mother country; it is a step forward when taken by Canada.


Edgar Nelson Rhodes: Does the hon. gentleman desire to conclude before six o'clock?


William Lyon Mackenzie King: If hon. members are willing to wait,, I shall endeavour to conclude in a few minutes.


Sir GEORGE FOSTER:: Go on while you have steam up.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: What was recognized in England as well as in Canada at that time was that the step was in the right direction, but it -was not regarded as the last and only step. It was
[Mr Mackenzie King.]
not so regarded by Sir Wilfrid himself. What were the outstanding .features in the record of the Liberal party while in office? First, substantial reductions in duties in a number off directions and upon a number of occasions; then the introduction of the British preference and an increase in that preference; then a fight for freer trade on the reciprocity platform. While the Liberal party has not stood for free trade it has stood for freer trade; and while free trade is not possible, in view of conditions as they are in Canada at the present time, and is not being advocated, so far as I am aware, by any political party in this country, that is no reason why, as regards the necessities of life, we should not have cheaper food and cheaper clothing and cheaper shelter, if it is possible to have these things, and at the same time get what we need in the way of revenue through such a tariff as it may be expedient to impose.
What was the attitude of Sir Wilfrid Laurier in regard to what had been done under the Fielding tariff? I have here a copy of a speech delivered by Sir Wilfrid at Hamilton on the 27th November, ,1913, nearly seven years ago. At that time the Liberal party was fighting for free food and freer trade, just as to-day it is fighting for the same things. What did Sir Wilfrid say at that time? And if his words had force seven years ago how much greater force have they to-day in view of the * changed conditions which the war has occasioned? These are his words:
I told you at the beginning that new problems are continually arising; there are latent forces which, unnoticed, silent and unforeseen, work out problems which were never dreamed of. This is one of them. In this city of Hamilton, which to-day, as I understand, prides itself on a population of over 100,000, go into the homes of the workingmen and mechanics, of the clerk in the drygoods store and the clerk in the warehouse, even the professional man and the clergyman, and the question which is discussed at this moment is not the price of dreadnoughts ; it is the problem of making ends meet as between expenditure and income. "It is true I might say something about reciprocity," commented Sir Wilfrid, "but I have no recriminations to make. The problem is before us. Let us bury the past and look to the future. There our duty lies. The situation requires action, prompt, unhesitating action. The policy I give you at this moment, the policy I believe every patriot in Canada ought now to support, and the policy I believe it to be the duty of the Government to immediately inaugurate, is a policy of absolutely free food- food free from customs duty. It will be said to me," the Liberal leader continued, reasoning out his proposals: "If you advocate that policy do you not advocate a revision of the tariff to that extent? Certainly I do. But

somebody will tell me that the tariff which is in force to-day is the Fielding- tariff of 1897. -So it is, but the Fielding tariff was made for the needs of that time, not for all eternity. It has been the policy of the Liberal party at all times to stand so far as possible for stability in tariff, but when the needs of the people call for action, action must be taken."
Now, Sir, that was the view which Sir Wilfrid Laurier expressed when leading the Liberal party, namely, that while-there was reason to he proud of the golden era of prosperity, which marked the fifteen years the Liberals were in office there was yet need for action. New occasions bring new duties. 'Changes have come about within the last few years such as the world has never witnessed heretofore, and the need for relieving the high cost of living and for increasing production is greater than ever in the past. And while we as Liberals are proud of the record of Liberalism, going down to defeat fighting for free food and freer trade, we are determined as Liberals to keep up this fight on behalf of the people and to take up the flag where the Old .Chief left it, and see that it is not furled until victory is won.
Let me say just a few words in conclusion. Hon. gentlemen opposite have tried t'o make capital out of the differences of view that have been expressed in reference to details by Liberals here in this House, and at the Liberal convention, but they have overlooked the important fact that there is common ground on which all of us stand. Hon. gentlemen are trying to do the same thing to-day in reference to the platforms of different political parties in this country. I have a copy of the platform of the Farmers' party and a copy of the platform of the Independent Labour party. Hon. gentlemen opposite have drawn attention to differences between the Liberals and the Farmers and the Labour men. Well, Sir, there are differences to which hon. gentlemen can point, but I can tell my hon. friends opposite this, which is a fact of far greater significance, that there is common ground on which the members of those parties can unitedly stand. You will find in the Farmers' platform, in the Labour platform, and in. the Liberal platform, the common demand for a reduction of the duties on the necessaries of life. You will find in all three platforms a demand that the duties should be taken off the instruments of production so that greater production may be possible. These demands, Mr. Speaker, represent the outstanding needs of the country to-day, and on these great fundamental needs we are united.
Let me address a word to my hon. friends in the Farmers party and to my hon. friends of the workingmen's party, and let me address the same word to the people of this country : Take note of the things that you have in common and observe the tactics of the enemy you have also in common. These tactics are wholly apparent. We have seen privilege protected in almost every speech that has been made from the other side in the course of this debate. We have seen hon. gentlemen opposite seek to point to some differences that exist between men of common thought and common feeling in other respects. What do- these tactics signify? They are an endeavour to keep the host in opposition divided. Hon. gentlemen opposite are saying to themselves: "We can hold all the positions of privilege so long as men who are united in thought and feeling on certain common ground can be kept, apart from one another and prevented from uniting in a common effort to- gain a common end." These are the barbed wire entanglements by which the party of privilege would seek to keep separated men of liberal thought and feeling in this country, and to keep them from uniting on the ground which they have in common. The hon. Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) said, that the purpose of the amendment was to unite these different groups. Let me tell my hon. friend that if that was its purpose, there could not have been a worthier o-ne than to seek to give expression, in one voice, to the sentiments of three great elements. What is the object of hon. gentlemen opposite? It is to keep the progressive hosts who oppose them disunited. Word has gone out from their headquarters urging the necessity of this -action and also the need of filling the war chest with gold. There are announcements already of a fund for propaganda purposes that is to run up into millions of dollars. Mention has been made in the press of such a fund for such purposes and the Government in power purposes to hold on for a couple of years and by so doing give this insidious propaganda ample opportunity to do its work. I would urge all men who think and feel alike on the great questions which affect the well-being of the 'Canadian people, and who deplore conditions for which the Government are responsible, to take note of the tactics of the common enemy. No matter by what name they may call themselves, whether it be Liberal, Grit, Reformer, Liberal-Unionist, Farmer or Labour, if they think and feel alike, as men who are interested in



the welfare of the great mass of men and women in this, country, they should stand together where it is possible for them so to do, and fight to a successful finish the great issues that face them.
My hon. friend (Mr. Meighen-I refer to him again because he has been the chief exponent of the views of the Government in this debate-has given his interpretation of the attitude of gentlemen on this side of the House. In Hansard of May 25, 1920, will ibe seen his characterization of the Opposition.
We are opposed by two wings of wholly opposite views on the tariff, two wings, however, that gather around the motion of the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. fielding) , two wings that hope to go before the people of this country fighting under two flags and under two leaders, to make the pretence all the better, hut who hope afterwards to coalesce and entwine the two flags into one in an infamous unity, who hope after taking one camp of public opinion behind them and the opposite camp as well, to the utmost of their power to end up by deceiving both, by betraying both, because they must either deceive the one or double deceive the other.
May I say to my hon. friend that there is no deception as to the attitude of hon. gentlemen on this side. We of the Liberal party have our programme, we have right with us and we are prepared to work with the men and women who feel and think as we do. But we are prepared to carry on our work and we will carry it on regardless of the attitude of any others because we are of a party which has a tradition of 100 years to maintain, a tradition of 100 years of advance and progress to greater liberty and freedom. We will strive and seek to make our policies prevail. But may I say to my hon. friend in all kindness: Be cartful, "judge not that ye be not judged." Let me repeat my hon. friend's characterization with its bearing upon the Government of which he is a member as respects the action of the government prior to the last election when he and his party came together with their two flags.


Arthur Meighen: One flag.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: In the Prairie Provinces my hon. friend and the Hon. Minister of Immigration and Colonization (Mr. Calder) were out, he the one leader, and the Hon. Minister of Immigration and Colonization the other; in Ontario the Hon. the President of the Privy Council (Mr. Rowell) was leading one host and the right Hon. the Prime Minister (Sir Robert Borden) leading the other; in the province of Quebec the Hon. the Minister of Marine (Mr. Ballantyne) was the one [Mr Mackenzie King.]
leader and the Hon. the Postmaster General (Mr. Blondin) the other; in the Maritime Provinces there were those who led the men and women of one party and those who led the men and women of the other. What was the motive? I will leave the country to judge. Let me read to my hon. friend (Mr. Meighen) his own words as they apply to the Government at the present time:
We are opposed by two wings of wholly opposite views on the tariff-
It was not the motion of my hon. friend from Shelburne and Queen's then; it was the winning of the war.


Arthur Meighen: Hear, hear.


William Lyon Mackenzie King: may do her duty the Government, instead of having the support and co-operation of hon. gentleman opposite is met with carping criticism of the manner in which the finances of the country have been handled, and has been charged, if not with mis-appli-cation of public funds, at least with grossly reckless and wasteful mis-management.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


Mr. ROWELL:: My hon. friends say
hear." X want to deal with some of those points to-night. The hon. member for Antigonish and Guysborough (Mr. Sinclair), held a brief for the Opposition in criticising the Government's expenditures of the past year. While we have had . general criticism from the opposite side of the House, the member for Antigonish and Guysborough has ventured to go into details and to set out certain specific charges upon which the Opposition wished to stand in its attack upon our financial administration. And the hon. leader of the Opposition this afternoon gave his benediction to the hon. member, and stated that he had set forth the Opposition's criticism of the Government, and commended that criticism to the attention of the House and the country and virtually made it his own. I want to deal briefly with that criticism tonight.
First, the hon. leader of the Opposition and the hon. member for Antigonish and Guysborough spoke of the increased public debt. They said that the public debt had been increased during the past year at the rate of over $1,000,000 a day, and they described that as wasteful and reckless extravagance. They were quite prepared to allow an increase of the public debt during the war, but they asked: Why increase the public debt after the war? Does not every hon member know, Mr. Speaker, that last year this House voted $350,000,000 for completing the war services, for demobilization and bringing our men back from overseas and returning them to their homes? The increased public debt last year was the further instalment paid by our people for the defence of their country and the work of demobilization. The whole increase of the public debt was for expenditures under the demobilization vote and certain investments the Government made in connection with credits to foreign countries, as I am advised by the Minister of Finance. There was no increase in the public debt in connection with the ordinary expenditure of the country nay, more-the revenues exceeded the ordinary' expenditure by nearly $39,000,000.

Then, the hon. .member's second charge was that the Government had increased ihe expenditure during the fiscal year just ended by more than $100,000,000 over that of the previous year-"yet they talk of economy," he says. Now, I ask hon. gentlemen opposite whether the amounts that go to make up that $100,000,000 increase are expenditures to which they are opposed? If so, they are justified in criticising the expenditure, but if not, then I ask is it fair and just to the people of Canada to make any such statement or offer any such criticism, to say nothing of the Government and members on this side of the House? What are the items that make up that $100,000,000? The first is: Increased interest on the public debt because of the war expenditure of Canada, $31,000,000. Do my hon. friends say that that debt should not have been incurred to enable Canada to do her share in the war? Do they say that Canada should not pay the interest on that debt? Do they say that that is not a proper increase in the charges on the country, and that it is not proper to provide increased revenues to meet it?
Let me take the next item: Increase in pensions, $7,717,000. Do hon. members opposite put themselves on record as opposed to that increase in pensions? If they are not opposed to it, then why have they not the manliness to get up and retract the criticisms they have made? My hon. friend opposite laughs, but the women and children who get the benefit of these pensions do not laugh. The next item is $49,000,000, Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment. That amount is not wholly an increase; in the previous year the expenditure for Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment formed part of the war vote and did not enter into the general current expenditures of the country. Do hon. gentlemen opposite wish to go on record as opposing this item? The next item is Soldiers Land Settlement $2,692,000. Do hon. members opposite say that the Government should not be making these advances and carrying on this work to enable the soldiers to settle on the land? I will give you only one more: Civil Service bonus, $9,497,000-to the civil servants in all sections of Canada to meet the increased cost of living. Mr. Speaker, the five items I have mentioned make up approximately $100,000,000, the increased public expenditure of which my hon. friends have complained. I say to my hon. friends on the other side: Are you opposed to that increase in the public expenditure last year? If you are, then you are perfectly justified in criticising.


Mr. McKENZIE:: Order.


Newton Wesley Rowell: I say it through you, Mr. Speaker, to my hon. friends opposite. If they are opposed to that increase in the public expenditure, made up as I have stated, then they are perfectly justified in criticising; but if they are not opposed to these items of public expenditure, is it fair to send the charge throughout the country that the Government has been reckless in its expenditure of public money and in increasing the expenditure last year by $100,000,000?
The next item my hon. friend takes exception to is a much smaller one-but sometimes (you know) you can awaken more interest in the public mind in a small item than in a large one. I am; therefore, going to take up one or two small items, particularly as some reference was made to them this afternoon by the leader of the Opposition. The hon. member for Antigonish and Guysborough referred to an item of $200,000 as being the expenditure of the Department of Public Information. He stated that this department was organized for political purposes and for no other purpose, and that;
Whatever value It may have had as a political agency to assist the Union Government, he would be a bold man who would say that it was worth two hundred cents to the people of Canada.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


Newton Wesley Rowell: My hon. friends say
"hear, hear." I say, Mr. Speaker, that the statement that the department was organ. ized for political purposes is absolutely devoid of a shadow of truth. So far as I. am aware there was no country at war the Government of which did not have some kind of an organization or department for the purpose of keeping the people of the country informed as to the war efforts of that Government and of that country, in order to sustain the courage and patriotism of the people and assist in the prosecution of the war.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


Newton Wesley Rowell: Well, perhaps my hon. friends did not need anything to sustain their courage in the war.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


Newton Wesley Rowell: Now, Mr. Speaker, I want to analyse a little bit-


Mr. CAHILL:: Say it again. Try it again.


Mr. DEPUTY SPEAKER:: Order.


Newton Wesley Rowell: I am afraid that even if I tried it again it would not penetrate the mind of my hon. friend. I want to deal with the items covered by that $200,000. The first, and one of the moist important, was an amount to provide for the cabling to England of news to be published in the Daily Record for our troops overseas. One-eighth of the total expenditure of that department was covered by cable toils in sending news overseas, in order that the boys at the front might have some knowledge of what was going on at home and some tidings concerning their friends in the home-land.


Frank S. Cahill: Especially during the election.


Georges Henri Boivin: Order. I must ask any hon. member who has anything to say, or a question to put, to do the House the courtesy of rising and addressing the Chair.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


Mr. LALOR:: Do it like a man.


Newton Wesley Rowell: 
Sir SAM HUGHES:: Is my hon. friend not aware that that same thing was carried out from the first year of the war, the information being furnished by the Department of Militia?


Newton Wesley Rowell: 
Mr. PROULX:: Why the necessity for military experience?


Newton Wesley Rowell: It is the settled policy of this Government to give returned soldiers the preference in all important positions. When an appointment of this kind was to be made, we felt, if .there was a soldier who had served overseas qualified for the po.st, he should have it, and it was our duty to search him out and find him. Moreover, we believed that, being a soldier with a military record, he could, render more efficient service and would have a position and standing in the United States which a mere civilian who had not served in the war would not have, and it would he in the interest of Canada to have him there.
The hon. member for Antigonish and Guysboroug'h referring to the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment said that a large number of payments had been made to officials which appeared in the Auditor General's Report; as unaccounted for and he cited some twenty or more names with certain amounts set down opposite them and some such words as ."unaccounted for," and he sought to convey to the House and to the country the impression that a large number
of officials of this department of the Government had received moneys for which they had given no account, and that the Government had not endeavoured to secure an accounting from them. What are the facts? These officials, I think, with scarcely an exception, were military officers or officials of the Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment Department. They were travelling, many of them coming from the Old Country to Canada, others travelling in Canada. They received their travelling expenses before the end of the fiscal .year; they had not returned so as to render .theil account when the financial year closed, and, therefore, the money was unaccounted for. But since then, just as in all cases, the department has taken the matter up and has had the accounts .adjusted. My hon. friend would have received the information if he had gone to the department and asked for it, or to the Auditor General and made inquiry to find out with reference to these items.
But without any such inquiry he gives this story to the House.
But the big complaint is the $121,000,000 which it is said has disappeared in some unaccountable way. I want to deal with that because it has formed a subject of discussion and debate in this House. Three hon. members of the Opposition, the hon. member foT Antigonish and Guysborough (Mr. Sinclair), the hon. member for Chambly and Vercheres (Mr. Archam-bault) and the leader of the Opposition himself (Mr. Mackenzie King), have all put themselves back of the statement that the sum of $121,000,000 has disappeared and i.s not accounted for. The hon. member for Red Deer (Mr. M. Clark) mentioned this also, but I think it only fair to him to say that he expressly gave the hon. member for Antigonish and Guysborough as his authority for the statement. Let me quote what the hon. member for Antigonish and Guysborough said in reference to this matter:
The amount that has disappeared without any account having been given is, roughly speaking, $121,000,000, and the question is, what has become of this $121,000,000? The minister does not know; the deputy does not know; the department does not know; the Auditor General does not know; and Parliament does not know. There is apparently not a scrap of paper in the possession of the Government to show what has become of that $121,000,000.
The hon. member prefaced that statement by reading a certain letter from the Auditor General written in September, 1917, which had no relation whatever to the item under

consideration, having reference to a wholly different transaction-the overseas payments of a previous year. Now, Mr. Speaker, there is a deliberate charge that $121,000,000 of this country's money has disappeared and that there is no record of it, that no one knows what has become of it-that it is utterly unaccounted for. You will be surprised, however, to find that this statement that the money has disappeared is not at all borne out by the Auditor General's Report. I will quote the exact words, because it is important that hon. members should see precisely what the item is. It is to be found on ZZ-228. It is headed:
Overseas Department of Militia and Defence.
It is the only item under that head.


An hon. MEMBER:: What is the report?


Newton Wesley Rowell: The report is for the year ended 31st March, 1919. The item is as follows :
Etapenditure toy the Chief Paymaster on account of pay and other expenses of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, vouchers for which have not been received.
Observe, Mr. Speaker, that the item does not say "unaccounted for." The words are: "vouchers for which have not been received." Why have they not been received? For three reasons which I shall state. An arrangement was made, for reasons which I shall give, that they should not be sent to Canada. Two ships carrying vouchers had been sunk by German submarines and it was deemed in the public interest that these vouchers should be kept in England until the war was over. Further, by an arrangement to which the Auditor General himself was a party, it was agreed that, instead of sending the vouchers over and attempting to audit the accounts in Canada, building up a special audit staff here to handle these particular accounts, the matter should be dealt with overseas by having there, under the minister, an audit branch which would carry out the audit in England. Who was the Paymaster General? Brigadier-General J. G. Ross of Montreal, the head of the accounting firm of P. S. Ross and Son. I appeal through you, Mr. Speaker, to the hon. member for Maisonneuve (Mr. Le-mieux), who will tell you that there is no more honourable or efficient accountant or auditor in the city of Montreal or in the province of Quebec than Brigadier-General Ross. He was in charge of the pay office and had under him chartered accountants

who checked every item in order to see that not a dollar was paid that was not due, thus protecting the public interest. Furthermore, an audit branch was established overseas under Colonel Dowie, a skilled chartered accountant and auditor, who reported direct to the Deputy Minister. And every night vThen the pay staff left the office, having concluded their work, the audit staff went in and every account was audited. The day's work was audited every night before the staff returned the next day.


Mr. ROBB:: May I ask the minister if
the auditors, Brigadier-General Ross and Colonel Dowie, were there as official representatives of the Auditor General of Canada?	[DOT]


Newton Wesley Rowell: No, they were not. Brigadier-General Ross was paymaster of the Canadian forces overseas, and in the performance of his duty was responsible for every dollar expended. My hon. friend knows Brigadier-General Ross. Will lie question that gentleman's ability, or his honesty, or his capacity for the performance of those responsible duties? There is no answer. There cam, of course, be none, because Brigadier-General Ross stands at the head of his profession, and the Government could not have chosen a better man for the duties which were discharged by him. I shall explain how the work was done, and every commonsemse man will realize that the Government took every precaution which a Government could take to prevent the loss of a dollar of the people's money and to see that every dollar reached its proper destination and that not a dollar was wasted. In addition to the audit staff under Colonel Dowie, on the recommendation of the Auditor General. Mr. Sutherland-who has since become Auditor General of Canada-was appointed Assistant Auditor General for the express purpose of visiting the Old Country and examining conditions on the ground with a view to seeing that everything was carried out satisfactorily. Mr. Sutherland spent the greater part of the year 1917 in England, and he visited the Old Country again in 1919, doing that very work. He is not an official of the Government, he is an officer of the Parliament of Canada; he is the Auditor General of Canada and is not removable except by an Order of the Senate and the House of Commons. He is therefore absolutely independent of the Government and hon. gentlemen opposite can go to him and ask him how the work was carried out in England under Brig-

adier-General Boss amd Colonel Bowie, and lie will tell them that every precaution was taken to protect the public interest and to see that not a dollar of the people's money was misspent.


Mr. VIEN:: Were they not obliged to
make a detailed report somewhat similar to that which is submitted by the Auditor General of Canada?


Newton Wesley Rowell: They could not make a
detailed audit without sending the vouchers. They did make a monthly report of the disbursements and I am going to inform the House in a few moments what those disbursements were. They made a monthly report to the Auditor General in order that he could keep track of the whole business from month to month, hut without sending the vouchers there could be no means of checking the details. Let me say, further, that there is another reason why the vouchers could not be sent. Soldiers returning from the front on furlough or in case of disability or discharge desired to settle their accounts in England. How could they settle those accounts if the vouchers were over here? The soldiers often had doubts about payments of which they had forgotten the details, and the only lecords the department had were those signed by the soldiers, and they had to be kept for purposes of administration as well as for the other reasons I have mentioned. What the Auditor General's Report means is exactly what it says, that he has not received these vouchers. Any hon. gentleman can get from the Auditor General a full statement in reference to the matter. The vouchers are now here; they have come over since the war and there are a thousand boxes filled with vouchers. There are over 5,000,000 of these vouchers to be gone through if hon. gentlemen wish to go through them. The Minister of Militia (Mr. Guthrie) told me the other day that in his department they had been cheeking through these vouchers, that they had spent weeks of time and $20,000 in payment of staff and that in the whole time t-hey had only discovered an error of $300. I am going to read a letter from the Auditor General dealing with the matter.


Mr. JACOBS:: Did I understand the hon. gentleman to say that a very large number of these vouchers had been lost at sea- that they had been torpedoed?
Mr. BjOWELL: No, I did not say so. I said that two vessels carrying vouchers had been lost at sea.


Samuel William Jacobs: Do I understand that these are duplicate vouchers that are now being
received?


Newton Wesley Rowell: These particular vouchers that have now come over were not lost, of course, The vouchers contained in these thousand boxes were not lost.


Samuel William Jacobs: Can we he provided with duplicates of these vouchers as well as the vouchers that were lost at sea?


Newton Wesley Rowell: I cannot say that, but if my hon. friend will ask the Auditor General he will inform him; I cannot do so. 1 want to read this letter from the Auditor General dated May 26, 1920, and written to the Minister of Finance in reference to this item:
Sir,-Expenditure by Chief Paymaster, O.M. P.C. in London, $ 121,640,016.62 shown in Auditor General's Report, 1919-page ZZ 228. The bulk of this is composed of pay and allowances of our troops and separation allowances by dependents amounting to over $102,000,000.
The late Mr. Fraser, Auditor General, visited London at the close of 1916 to look into the matter of accounting and audit. On his return he wrote to Sir Thomas White as follows:
"As instructed in the Order in Council of the 16th September, 1916, I made an examination into the affairs of the Overseas Pay Office, in order to ascertain whether it was advisable to establish a branch of the Auditor General's office in London for a more complete and speedy audit of the war accounts.
After a thorough examination of the system in vogue and consultations with the Chief Paymaster, tha* General Auditor and members of the staff as well as with the Minister of War for Overseas, X came to the conclusion that certain changes were necessary to safeguard as far as possible, the expenditure of the public funds. One plan was to have certain changes made in the keeping of the accounts and the checking of the same by the existing pay and audit staff and the other, the organization of a large staff at Ottawa for audit purposes. The first plan seemed to me to be the better one, on the ground that it is better to prevent losses before they are made than to discover them afterwards. I want to feel that the work is done in such a manner that I can accept the same with a certain amount of confidence that the losses are reduced to a minimum. A certain amount of loss is inevitable. I found that the Imperial Government with all its experience and a well organized staff of experts are unable to prevent these losses.
A staff sufficient to make a thorough audit would cost at least $300,000 per annum while the recoveries might not he $5,000. It is useless to find out after a man is dead that he has been overpaid.
The changes that I suggested and that have been agreed upon with the Chief Paymaster and General Auditor are such that if faithfully carried out, ought to produce satisfactory results and 1 propose sending over a representative of this office to see that every reasonable means is taken to secure correctness and to render such assistance as he can to settle such questions as arise from time to time without awaiting for the slow process of submitting them to Ottawa and awaiting replies."

That is what the Auditor General himself says. There are two courses open-to accept the work of the pay and audit staffs over there, subject to certain changes which he said he would direct, or to establish a staff which would cost $300,000. The Auditor General himself recommended that the first course should be pursued because he thought it would save the money of the country.
An horn. MEMBER: Who was the Auditor General then?


Newton Wesley Rowell: That was Mr. Fraser.
This is Mr. Sutherland's letter:
I was sent to London and spent the greater part of 1917 there, and again in 1919 for some months.
The Pay Office and Audit Office were under the direction of two thoroughly experienced men, viz.: Brigadier General J. G. Ross, (P. Ross & Sons, Montreal) and Col. L. A. Dowie, chartered accountant, Canada and London, with a large staff attached to each office.
An individual ledger account was kept for eVery man on the overseas forces so that it can readily be seen how impossible it would have been to carry on an audit here.
You see the present Auditor General says it would have been impossible to carry on the audit here.
It had to be done on the spot and kept up to date. This office was furnished month by month by the Paymaster General with a statement showing the expenditure under various heads, but owing to the ^isk of loss of vou'chers during ocean transport, it was considered advisable to discontinue sending them to Ottawa.
It is not my statement tout the Auditor General's statement is that owing to losses through ocean transportation it was considered desirable to discontinue shipping the vouchers. My hon. friend asks: "Why were the Auditor General's requests in the letters of 1917 not complied with"? Because, in view of this German submarine warfare the vouchers upon which the accuracy and certification of the accounts of the Government of Canada in relation to the overseas forces depended were too precious to be at the disposal of German submarines on the Atlantic. Therefore, they were not sent to Ottawa. Then lie adds:
Two shipments were lost in transit. I understand that all Overseas Military Forces of Canada vouchers and records are now in Canada.
I have just one or two further comments to make. The letter which the -hon. gentleman referred to as being written in 1917 -asking for the vouchers was written while Mr. Sutherland was in England. Mr. Sutherland cannot explain why it was written because he was there at the time as the representative of the Auditor General for the purpose <;f checking these accounts. He was appointed specially as Assistant Auditor General for the purpose of auditing these accounts. I have given to the House the facts in connection with the whole transaction. I have pointed out that the ,$102,000,000 was pay and allowances of the men. These payments extend from the first of April, 1918, to the 31st March, 1919. The transaction did not need an explanation. My hon. friends have only to turn up the Auditor General's report. They will find no item in that report for the pay of the men overseas except this item. Did my hon. friend from Antigonish and Guys-borough (Mr. Sinclair) think that our gallant men went from 1918 to 1919without pay? There is no other item but this to be found covering the .pay of our men overseas. Then I say, Mr. Speaker, that the hon. member for Antigonish and Guys-borough, the hon. member for Chambly-Vercheres, and now the leader of the Opposition, having put themselves behind the statement that the sum of $121,000,000 has disappeared and is unaccounted for-


Mr. DEVLIN:: That is right.


Newton Wesley Rowell: My hon. friend says, "That is right." Does he consider it right that these hon. gentlemen should put themselves behind that false statement?


Emmanuel Berchmans Devlin: No. I say that is right because the minister has been arguing that the submarine went to the bottom of the sea.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


Emmanuel Berchmans Devlin: That is that the vouchers went to the bottom.


Newton Wesley Rowell: I repeat having put themselves behind a false statement prejudicial to the interests of Canada they should now withdraw it. I have in my hand a statement furnished by the Auditor General of the details of this item, compiled from the returns received by -him here in Ottawa, from month to month, during the year, and I will read it, giving only the round numbers so that it may toe placed upon Hansard. The statement is as follows:
Department O.M.F.'C., page ZZ-228 Auditor General's Report, 1918-19. Expenditure by Paymaster General-Gross	$129,308,233 14
Less refunds	 7,668,216 52

fMr. Rowell.]

Details of this amount are.-
Pay and allowances	
93,019,592	86Separation allowances	
9,497,120	83
Maintenance of Canadians in
non-Canadian hospitals.. .	1,388,597	35Civilian pay	
730,716	25Food and subsistence	
8,267,428	19Rent, water, light and fuel . .	862,930	94Transport and travelling.. ..	2,149,085	08
Veterinary equipment, stores
and expenses	
473,S72	44Ordnance stores and supplies	3,002,124	39Purchase of remounts ..	. .	1,159	84Guns and ammunition	2,770,670	23Engineer services and works..	535,832	75Clothing and necessaries. . . .	929,316	42Boots	
256,638	19Outfit allowance	
1,789,396	70Drugs and surgical instruments	
288,278	26Printing and stationery. .	. .	39,930	93
Cables, telegrams, telephones
and postage	
199,623	39Conservancy and contingencies	87,853	97War service gratuities	
85,374	39

Maintenance Canadian troops
in France	
Maintenance Canadian troops
in England	
Subject to recovery from Imperial Government	 705,040 18

Sundry credits	 30,944 71
Carried forward-net expenditure	$127,049,638 87
Paymasters' and Disbursing Officers' cash balances on hand 31st March, 1919, refunded to credit of Receiver General and credited in accounts of 1919-20	 2,258,594 27

Dess received from sales and other sources, deposited to credit of Receiver General during 1918-19	 7,668,216 52


Mr. EDWARDS:: Another bubble burst.


An hon. MEMBER:: Worse than a bubble.


Newton Wesley Rowell: Now that is the position with reference to that item. I make this appeal to hon. gentlemen opposite. At a time siueh as this, when the country must impose new obligations, when there must be new burdens of taxation, when my hon. friends find they have made a wholly false charge and false statement, they owe it to themselves, to this House, and to the country to pdblicly retract and withdraw that statement. It reflects on the credit and honour of our overseas military forces, on the whole of the paymasters' branch; it reflects on the credit and honour of the Auditor General who himself made the arrangement; it reflects of course on the administration of the Government of the day, but that is not so important.
More important by far is the fact that it reflects upon the Dominion of Canada. For if $121,000,000 of the country's money has disappeared without any account for it, it suggests gross incompetence, or maladministration, or graft in handling public funds by your overseas military forces. Therefore I say to my hon. friends opposite that they owe it to the House and to the country to make a public retraction and withdrawal of that statement.


An hon. MEMBER:: They do not retract.


Newton Wesley Rowell: The hon. member for
Antigonish and Guysiborough made one more statement to which I desire to draw attention. He took an answer that was given to a question in reference to appointments to the Civil Service since the Armistice was signed, and he says that the answer shows that 27,130 were appointed, and he assumes that of this number 25,000 are still in the public service. The hon. gentleman estimates that these appointees would get an average of $2,000 apiece and in that case, he says, the addition to our public expenditure on that account for the yeaT would be $50,000,000. He asks, "Is it any wonder that the country is going into defbt at the rate of a million a day?" Mr. Speaker, the House and the country will be surprised to learn that the total salaries of the entire Civil Service of Canada, permanent and temporary-i am not now dealing with seasonal employments, that is, men who are employed on ships or otherwise merely for the season, nor am I dealing with the country postmasters paid under different conditions-the total salary bill will not exceed, apart from bonus, $50,000,000. Let me point out the situation : Dealing with the classes that I have mentioned, the approximate number of employees, permanent and temporary, at the date of the signing of the Armistice was 43,000. The approximate number of employees, permanent and temporary, of the same classes, on March 20 of the present year, was 48,000, an increase of 5,000. Now let me tell you how that increase arises. There has 'been an increase of 657 in the Department of Finance caused by the imposition of new forms of taxation. It was absolutely essential that the necessary staff should be appointed in order to administer those laws. There has been an increase of 1,257 in the Soldiers' Settlement Board, and it was absolutely essential that that board should 'be manned to carry on its important work. Does any-

body question that? Then there were 6,296 appointed in the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, which is so essential for the re-establishment of our soldiers in civil life; and 275 on the staff of the Board of Pensions Commissioners. Thus there was an aggregate increase in those four departments of 8,485. Those were necessary increases; they were for purposes that arose after the war, not during the war-purposes growing out of the war, for which the staffs had to be created. But the Government has set itself to the task of reducing the staffs that were built up during the war, and let me give you some facts in that connection. Since the Armistice, the Department of Customs has released 160 employees; the Department of Militia and Defence has released 2,627; the Department of Naval Service has released 103; the Post Office Department, 248; and the Printing Bureau-including 40 that went out yesterday-356, or a total of 3,494.
It is much easier to get in new employees than to get them out. But the Government has set itself resolutely to the task of decreasing the staffs in the various branches of the Civil Service to the minimum required for efficiency. One branch in which the Government has acted is the Printing Bureau, and I want to give to the House one or two facts to show what has been accomplished there. We have, as- I mentioned, released) 356 employees from the Printing Bureau. In October, 1919, the payroll was approximately $115,000 a month; in March of this year it had been reduced to $90,000; by June it will be down to $73,000-a total reduction of $42,000 per month. In other words, we will have the payroll on a basis per month that will show a yearly saving of not less than $500,000 for this one branch of the service alone. The re-organization which has been brought about, placing the Printing Bureau on a sound business basis, will enable us to reduce the annual expenditure by $200,000 more, and we estimate that when these savings have all gone into effect the total annual saving in this particular branch of the service will be not less than $700,000. And with what result? To-day we are turning out more printing and better printing, with a smaller staff after effecting that great saving in public expenditure. That is but an illustration of what this Government is doing to put the administrative organization of the country on a sound business basis and to save money for the people.
Yet, Mr. Speaker, when the Government is engaged in this difficult task of protecting

the public interest, what does it meet with from hon. members opposite but captious criticism and false statements as to the facts?


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


Mr. CANNON:: Order. I ask the hon.
minister to withdraw that statement.
Some- hon. MEMBERS; Sit down.


Lucien Cannon: I will not sit down.


Georges Henri Boivin: I understand that the hon. member for Dorchester (Mr. [DOT] Cannon) has risen to a point of order, and is asking that the hon. minister withdraw the words "false statements"?


Lucien Cannon: Yes.


Georges Henri Boivin: Unless the hon. minister attributes a false statement to an hon. member, ' adding that it was made deliberately, knowingly or maliciously, I cannot rule that the expression must be withdrawn.


Lucien Cannon: Mr. Speaker, the hon. minister said-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Sit down.


Georges Henri Boivin: I am sorry if the hon. member did not sufficiently explain his point of order before the .ruling was given. Under the rules, it cannot now be discussed.


Lucien Cannon: I think it would be better if we were allowed to discuss it.


Newton Wesley Rowell: It is true the war is over, but the use of poison gas does not appear to have ceased.


Mr. PARENT:: Is that a false statement?


Emmanuel Berchmans Devlin: It is one of those mean insinuations that the minister makes. Oh, it is mean. Take it -back. That is too mean.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


Newton Wesley Rowell: Mr. Speaker, if my hon. friend will cease his murmuring and grumbling under hi-s breath-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: It is getting under their skin.


Newton Wesley Rowell: -I will say again that if hon. members make statements without due inquiry or without taking the trouble to ascertain the facts-


Mr. WHITE (Victoria):: That is not what you said.


Newton Wesley Rowell: 1 make the statement-


Lucien Cannon: Order.


Mr. McMASTER:: 1 rise to a point of order.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


Andrew Ross McMaster: I ask, Mr. Speaker, if it is in order for a hon. minister or an hon. member-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


Andrew Ross McMaster: -to accuse other members of making false statements.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: He did not.


Andrew Ross McMaster: When he does that, in my humble opinion not only is his language unmannerly, but it is unparliamentary-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


Andrew Ross McMaster: -and the hon. minister is out of order.


Georges Henri Boivin: I have already decided what is practically the same point. The ruling of the Chair is that an hon. minister who is in possession jof facts which an hon. member may possibly not have, can state in this House that a statement is false, or untrue, provided he does not add the words, "knowingly," "willingly" or "maliciously" or other words having the -same effect and meaning.


Newton Wesley Rowell: ance has not given the House an estimate of the amount he will receive from these new forms of taxation, because of the extreme difficulty of forming an accurate estimate. How much we will get from the luxury tax, the sales tax and the other taxes it is difficult to say, but I am quite sure that the Minister of Finance does not expect to get less than a clear $100,000,000 from these new forms of taxation. I believe he expects more. I am going to pat another $100,000,000, therefore, under the heading of income; and that gives us $451,000,000 to meet the balance of the Estimates amounting to $443,000,000. In other words, the Minister of Finance has brought down a Budget by means of which he undertakes to provide through current taxation a sum more than sufficient to discharge all the expenditures he has proposed to the House, apart from this conversion of assets and payment of the maturing liabilities to which I have referred.
Now, let me point out the character of the expenditures included in that $443,000,-
000.	In providing from taxation $443,000,000, what is the hon. minister achieving? He is covering not only all the ordinary expenditure; he is providing the whole cost of completing demobilization, $38,000,000, which in past years was the subject of a special vote; was added to our capital expenditure, and formed part of our war debt. This year the Minister of Finance proposes to meet that out of current taxation. He provides in the Estimates for loans to the Canadian National Railway, $48,600,000, and other capital expenditure, $15,189,000. So, I repeat, the statement submitted to the House shows an honest and courageous effort on the part of the Minister of Finance to secure revenues not only to meet all ordinary expenditures but to meet these other very large expenditures which in the past we have considered as capital expenditures.
One word further Mr. 'Speaker, about our position at the piesent time. We have, as you are aware, not only accomplished this, but our public debt to-day-by way of comparison-is substantially less than the public debt of Great Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, every country which was engaged in the war except the United States, and she was only a year and a half in the war. When conditions were unsettled in-the early part of last year the Government adopted the courageous policy of asking the people to carry on, and under conditions which looked as if there might fMr. Rowell.!
be a cessation of industry, made provision for credits to enable the country to carry on. And what has been the result? Our foreign trade last year was $166,000,000 *ahead of our foreign trade of the year before. Our total foreign trade reached the enormous sum of $2,351,000,000; in addition, of course, there was the enormous home trade. The Minister of Finance has pointed out that in the five years, ending 31st March, 1915, our excess of imports over exports was $825,000,000. That is to say, the balance of trade was adverse during those five years to the extent of $825,000,000. In the five years ended 31st March, 1920, we wiped out that adverse balance of trade -and have to our credit for the five years a favourable balance of $1,803,000,000. If you compare the two periods, taking the five years before the war, with an adverse balance of $825,000,000, and the five years since, with a favourable balance of $1,803,000,000, you will see that the balance of trade changed during that period a total of $2,628,000,000, or over $500,000,000 a year.
Something has been said about inflation. There has been inflation of credit in all countries engaged in this war. But we have maintained our gold reserve, as the Minister of Finance pointed out, in our banks and the Government at 43 per cent, as compared with Great Britain's 26 per cent, ana the United States' 55 per cent. The Federal Reserve Bank requirement in the United States is 40 per cent, and we have maintained ours during the war at 3 per cent above that requirement. Our bank deposits, as the Minister of Finance intimated, have almost doubled in the last five years. During that period we have added to the bank deposits of Canada a sum almost equal to all the accumulated bank deposits from Confederation up to the beginning of that period. Our debt is funded, -after the liabilities that I have mentioned are disposed of, over a twenty-year period.
Now, Mr. Speaker, the member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding) painted a picture the other evening in speaking on this matter. Referring to the statement of the former Minister of Finance (Sir Thomas White) as to conditions in 1912, he made this statement:
That, Sir, is the story of fifteen years of Liberal fiscal policy as described by my hon. friend:	fifteen years of peace and plenty,
fifteen years of blessed peace, fifteen years of joyous plenty, fifteen years of splendid progress, fifteen years of wonderful prosperity ! Let us frame and glaze this statement; let us post It on the walls of the country; let

us frame and glaze it and put it into every household, and office and factory, so that men may look upon it and say, "Ah, yes, that is the story of the good old days. Pray Heaven that it may come back again,"
I am not disposed to criticise that statement oi the hon. member. That was a great period oi ipeace and progress in Canada's history. But I want to ask >my hon. friend, the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding), and I am sorry he is no-t in his seat, what he would have said if, instead of being a member of the Government during a period oi peaceful progress and uninterrupted development and expansion in Canada, he had been a member oi a Government which at a time of grave national stress carried forward to a victorious conclusion the greatest -war in history; which completed the raising, training, equipping, sending overseas, and finally demobilizing of 600,000 men; which ended the war with our national debt funded over a twenty-year period, with our war securities practically at par, as against the United States substantially below par, and with our national debt much smaller by comparison than that of Great Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand or any other country at war, with the exception of the United States, which had been only a year and a half in the war; which so administered the business and financial affairs of Canada and stimulated the productivity of our people that for the five-year period ending 31st March, 1920, our foreign trade showed a favourable balance of over $1,800,000 as againist an adverse balance of over $800,000,000 in the preceding five years; which practically doubled our bank deposits and brought our borrowing largely within our own borders, so that 'the Canadian people hold practically 75 per cent of our Government securities.
If the hon. member had been a member of the Government that had accomplished this, would lie say: "Let us frame it .and glaze it and hang it up? If my hon. friend had been a member of a government during those years of stress .and had accomplished that result, he would have said: "Nay, blaze it upon the skies so that all men may see." He would pray not that old times might come again, but thank God that in the hour of the nation's need, in the struggle that Canada faced and in the throes through which she was passing, she had a Government with vision, courage and practical ability-vision to see the need, courage to apply the measures necessary to meet the need, and ability to execute those measures,
so that to-day both at home and abroad Canada stands in a higher position than at any previous time in her history.
I had expected to conclude my remarks by this time; but I should like to' say a word or two in connection with our financial proposals and particularly in reference to the address of the ieader of the Opposition (Mr. Mackenzie King). The hon. member explained to the House in great detail why the Opposition had not submitted the tariff platform adopted last August. He said: " Why, if we had submitted the platform adopted in August, we could not have expected you to accept it." In effect he said "we submitted a proposal which w e thought you might accept." The hon. member is not such an amateur in Parliamentary and constitutional practice as not to know that the Government cannot accept any amendment to the Budget, but he gave another reason, it was the real reason-it was the only thing they could all agree upon. I have before me the speech of the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding), in which you will remember he practically said that he was in search of a sound and safe tariff policy. He used the words "sound and safe." He said that he could not expect such a policy from the Conservatives. He said that he could not expect it from the farmers; that their policy was neither sound nor safe. This is what he said as reported on page 2584 of Unrevised Hansard:
Where, then, are you going to get it?
That is referring to the "sound and safe" tariff policy.
Shall we get it from the platform of our farmer friends? Sir, I do not think their platform if carried out would give us the sound poliicy which I desire, and I hope to be able to show them-at all events I hope they will find that it is wise to modify some of their views.
The hon. member in moving his amendment was repudiating the Farmers'platform, was moving a vote of want of confidence in the policy of my hon. friends. He said that they did not provide a sound and safe policy. Then my hon. friend came to the platform adopted by the so called Liberal convention of August last, and. he said, referring to the Liberal policy:
I dc not even thiilk we can expect to get a sound and safe tariff policy toy a too rigid adherence to every line and every letter of the Liberal tariff platform.
This amendment is a vote of want of confidence in the platform adopted by the Liberals last August. It is submitted in the present form because it is all they can agree

upon. My surprise is that my hon. friends of the Agrarian Opposition are supporting an amendment the mover of which says, in effect, that it is a vole of want of confidence in their platform. I am even more surprised that my hon. friends in the Liberal Opposition are supporting an amendment the mover of which says that it is a vote of want of confidence in the platform adopted by them last August, because that platform does not provide a sound and safe tariff policy. The hon. member (Mr. Fielding) provides what he considers a sound and safe tariff policy, and in some respects there is no very great objection to it, if we were now revising the whole tariff schedules. The hon. member, when in power, made certain revisions of the tariff with which I will deal in a moment, revisions which I approved and supported, which I still approve and support. The hon. member for Red Deer (Mr. M. Clark), in speaking on this amendment, said that the reference in the amendment criticising the Government for failure to revise the tariff this session was not fair nor just to the Government. I do not recall his exact words, but that was the substance of them. He said that under the conditions which existed, it was not reasonable to expect that the Government could bring down a revision of the tariff at this time. The reason he gave for supporting the Opposition amendment was that it spoke of a revision downwards, whereas the Government had promised a revision but did not say that it was downwards.
I want to look just for a moment at the tariff situation. My hon. friends on the other side are professing to be the sole representatives of those who are concerned for the welfare of the masses of the people. The leader of the Opposition, dealing with this matter at great length, said that the Government had not lightened at all the burden upon the consumer; that they had not in any way relieved the people of this country from the burden of taxation, nor done anything to diminish the high cost of living. My hon. friend gave as his method to accomplish those particular purposes a reduction in the tariff. I am not going to enter into a discussion to-night as to how far the one affects the other.
I desire to submit to the House certain facts in connection with the matter. When the tariff was revised in 1897 the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding), then Minister of Finance, in his Budget Speech estimated that the total reduction in revenue due to the tariff revision would be $700,000. In 1907 he estimated it

at $300,000, but he stated that he was putting on another tax on sugar equal to $300,000 so that the one would offset the other. I am taking the $300,000 however as a reduction. In other words there was a reduction of $1,000,000 in those two revisions of the tariff in 1897 and 1907. In 1911 the hon. member submitted to this House an agreement which, if adopted, would have reduced the tariff taxation by $1,412,000. Now, I am quite prepared to give my hon. friend credit not only for the actual reductions he brought about but for the reductions he proposed and endeavoured to bring about, and the two added together would give us, in tne fifteen years of office of the Liberals, $2,412,000 of reduction in the tariff burden, either accomplished or attempted.
Mr. Speaker, my hon. friend has described the members on this side of the House by various names. We are composed on this side of two groups, Liberal-Unionists and Conservative-Unionists, who are supporting the present Administration. What have the Liberal-Unionists, in co-operation with their Conservative colleagues, done ;n two years? They reduced the tariff burden of taxation last year $17,000,000 and this year $31,000,000, whereas the whole Libeial party, of which I was a member, working together, effected or proposed a reduction of $2,412,000 in fifteen years. In view of this fact, Mr. Speaker, are not the Liberals on this side of the House and the Conservatives doing pretty well? Do they not deserve some credit for the fact that in two years they have brought about a reduction of $48,000,000, twenty times as much as the Liberal party did in fifteen years?


Mr. LEGER:: Wonderful.


Newton Wesley Rowell: It is wonderful, but my hon. friend does not realize it.


Mr.   GANNON@: The country does.


Newton Wesley Rowell: We have done this without imperilling any industry in the country and, I believe, to the substantial relief of the consumer.
I turn now to the report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the year 1918 and I find in connection with the imports entered for consumption the average rates of duty collected. In that report I see the average rate of duty on ,all goods entered for consumption from 1867 down to 1918 and upon inquiry from the Finance Department I find that the average rate of duty last year was 17.61 per cent on all goods entered for consumption. The reduction in duty made this year by the re-

peal of the 7i per cent on the basis of the imports of last year will bring the average rate of duty down to 14.67 per cent, the lowest rate of duty in Canada since the year 1878 when it was a little over 14 per cent. I submit, therefore, that hon. members on this side of the House who believe in a reduction of duties have very strong and sound reasons for supporting the Government and voting against the amendment. I say with every confidence that men can well support a government that has done in two and a half years what I have stated, as opposed to my hon. friend's opposite who in fifteen years accomplished one-twentieth of our achievement. In addition, I believe that the tariff does need a thorough revision that the duties on many articles should be substantially reduced. The Minister of Finance (Sir Henry Drayton) has promised a thorough revision of the tariff, and while hon. members have discussed protection and free trade, the thing which really affects the people of Canada in the last analysis is the tariff schedule. I am not going to enter to-night into a discussion of the relative merits of protection and free trade. Hon. members will see the tariff schedules when the tariff is revised and brought down, and they will see what the policy of the Government is in this matter. If at that time hon. members find that the tariff has not been so revised as to meet the situation existing in Canada as they believe it should be met, then they will be justified in voting against the Government. But not until then will the tariff schedules be fairly before the members of the House.
One word in conclusion. The hon. member referred to the organization of this Government and stated that its mandate had expired. Mr. Speaker, I have in my hand the statement issued by the Prime Minister (Sir Robert Borden), with the full support and approval of all his colleagues, at the time the Union Government was formed. That statement sets out quite clearly the objects for which the Government was formed and the task to which it committed itself. I am not going to read the statement to the' House to-night, but I may point out that the first plank, and the first plank only, dealt with the vigorous prosecution of the war, every other plank of the platform deals with problems either growing out of the war or relating to peace, showing that it was the clear intention at the time the Government was formed that while its main and chief duty was to prosecute the war, the other tasks resting upon the Govern-191
ment should not be shirked or ignored, and that the Government must face them and undertake to perform them. Let me say to my hon. friends that the Liberals and the Conservatives on this side of the House will not refer to hon. members opposite, who sought to prevent this Government from being formed and from securing the mandate necessary to prosecute the war, the question of when that mandate should expire.


James Alexander Robb: Are we to infer that the exMinister of Public Works stated the position when he resigned from the Government? '


Newton Wesley Rowell: Every hon. member of the Government is entitled to take whatever position "he considers to be right, and if he desires to withdraw from the Government he is entitled to do so.


Georges Parent: A happy family.


Newton Wesley Rowell: Let me say this to my hon. friends. The hon. gentleman knows that the Prime Minister promised that the War-time Elections Act should be for the period of the war only and that a new election law would be passed for times of peace; and this Government could not have been dissolved and a general election held at any time since the Armistice was signed up to this hour, because there is not yet a franchise. law on the statute book under which an election cauld be conducted.


Emmanuel Berchmans Devlin: Whose fault?


Newton Wesley Rowell: The fault this session has not been due to the members on this side of the House.


Lucien Cannon: What about last year?


Newton Wesley Rowell: 

of peace and reconstruction we have a mind for* peace and reconstruction.
We submitted progressive masures to this * House last session and asked the House to adopt them in the interests of the country. Who has opposed those progressive measures in this House? We introduced the Women's Franchise Bill which has doubled the electorate of this country and given the women the franchise on the same basis as the men. The only opposition came from lion, gentlemen opposite. We introduced a Bill .permitting women to sit in this House and the only criticism came from hon. gentlemen opposite. -We have put through a great measure of Civil Service reform. We have introduced many measures dealing with social reconstruction., The hon. leader of the Opposition referred to the resolution of the Liberal convention relating to care for the public health. Were the delegates gathered in that assembly not aware of the fact that upon the initiation of this Government a Department of Public Health was created *at the first session of this Parliament last year and that it is doing magnificent work? This Government has introduced measures providing for technical education, for housing, for temperance and for other advances in the realm of social reconstruction. The only opposition has come from hon. gentlemen opposite. Practically speaking, the progressive 'forces of this country have been on this side of the House. In addition to these measures of social reconstruction, the Government has dealt courageously with the railway situation, they have put an end to' private railway exploitation at the public expense. They are giving Canada a truly national system of railways. Where do hon. gentlemen opposite stand on that question? Real liberalism, the real progressive forces, have been on this side of the House. The reactionary forces have been on the other side of the House. The opposition to the measures that I have mentioned has come from the other side. I exempt the hon. gentlemen who sit at the other end of the Chamber, the Agrarian group. I do not believe that they represent the reactionary elements. I think that in some respects they are a little too radical perhaps, in some not so radical, but they at toast are moving ahead along certain progressive lines which they think are in the public interest or in the interest of the farmers' group.
I do not think we can settle the tariff in this country just according to the likes of the farmers on the one hand or the

manufacturing interests on the other. I do not believe a tariff policy prepared and promoted by the manufacturing interests would be in the public interests of Canada any more than the policy prepared and promoted by the farmers in the interests of a class. I believe it is vastly more important that there should be a good understanding between the people of the East and the West than that there should be any particular rate of tariff. It should be the bounden duty of the Government of this country to so frame the tariff that it will meet the views of reason-
10	p.m. able men both East and West in order that we may present a united front as Canadian people in carrying on our industrial development in competition with the great nation to the south and in the extension of our trade with the other nations of the world. I should like to discuss the other taxation proposals on the Budget but time will not permit. We must if we are to. sustain the financial load that rests upon our shoulders accept the burdens of increased taxation. It may be that there should be some slight amendments to the Budget resolutions but people must be prepared to pay the cost of the war. Some of them have felt the burden very little up to this time and I have not a great deal of sympathy for or patience with any class of men who are able to pay and who object to taxation at the present time. If anybody can devise a better or more equitable basis for raising revenues than the Government has proposed, I would like him to submit it to ihe House and personally I am sure that many on this side would support it.
What we want is a policy fair to all, with special privileges to none; a policy that seeks to unite the Canadian people as a whole, not in sections or in classes, that Canada may achieve in the future a destiny worthy of the glorious traditions of the past and of the honourable name our troops have won for her in that momentous .struggle now so happily ended.


Mr. G. W. ANDREWS (Centre Winnipeg) :: Mr. Speaker, the subject on which I desire at once to speak is indemnities for members. Seven dollars a day is not enough to pay the expense of a poor man at the present time. While it is quite true, Mr. Speaker, that the House is not in session every day, it is equally true that a member's work, like a woman's, is never done; and if he happens to be a married man and is compelled to support two homes on $209 a month, it is quite impossible. I

am well aware that war widows and many .of their dependents have to do with a great deal less; but two blacks never made a white yet, and it is my experience that men who are willing to work for less than a living wage are mighty poor providers for war widows or anybody else.
The Budget makes no provision for increased indemnities either for members or ministers, and that, in my opinion, is a very frank admission of incompetence on the part of members of this House. I had hoped that the right hon. the leader of the Government (Sir Robert Borden), the leader of the Opposition (Mr. Mackenzie King) and ,the leader of the Progressive party (Mr. Crerar) would have got together and discussed this question in a non-political way.
The second subject on which I wish to speak is this: Apparently money is more highly valued and more sacred in the eyes of this Government than human life. I have recently placed in the hands of the Chairman of the Pensions Commissioners specific cases where the whole family of sons have been killed, have been sacrificed in this war. The whole family of sons; sons upon whom had been lavished the savings of a lifetime. The poor mother of those boys applies for a pension, but before .she can get one she has to prove that she is a pauper. Even after the pension of $40 a month is granted, some kind friend gives her work to eke out that pension, and along comes the Government Supervisor and takes the pension away, as by law he is compelled to do. How does this, Mr. Speaker, and hon. gentlemen, compare with a man who loaned the Government a thousand dollars? Is he compelled to prove pauperism before he draws his interest? Is it necessary before he draws interest for him to prove that he is not making more than $40 a month? We have been told by the Minister of Finance, and with him I am glad to agree, that it is time we tackled our present problems with the same spirit with which our men tackled the war. At least twice this session I have heard hon. members decry the war spirit, but I am glad to agree with the Minister of Finance that the sooner we get a little of the war spirit into this country and into this House the sooner we will progress. When the Government ran short of fighting men, what did it do? It passed a Military Service Act calling to the colours all ablebodied men between certain ages-whether they wanted to come or not. What recompense does the Government give to the parents of those sons who are lying in 191$
France? It places a tax on luxurious living -luxurious living made possible by the lack of taxation by the predecessor of the present Minister of Finance. It is not necessary for me to labour this point. It is apparent to all that just as in war some men get a lot out of it, others have got it in the neck. What attempt has been made by this Budget to adjust the burden between the two? Apparently none. The man who fought the war at great personal loss comes here to find that he is not even exempt from the special burdens of war taxes. Now to illustrate that-it seems to be very hard to get over-I will tell you a little western story: A bunch of traders were coming down from the North with a very rich pack of furs, when they were beset by Indians and surrounded. Out of their number two young men volunteered to try to break the cordon and bring relief. They wTere successful in getting through to a cavalry post, and they returned and drove off the Indians. But in doing so one of the men who had volunteered lost his life, and both their horses were killed. The rich traders were very delighted to think that their pack had been saved; they gave the returning man a small gratuity-and charged hilm up for both horses. The rich traders of this country are charging up the men who fought with their uniforms-the ones who had the luck to get back-whilst the men who enriched themselves during the war are largely allowed to hang on to their wealth.
With the permission of the House I will read a letter received from a friend of mine on this subject. I may say that I have collected all kinds of evidence of the large fortunes that have been made during the war, but I think sufficient evidence is already before the House without bothering you with any more of it. While an attempt has been made through the business profits tax, and other taxes, to get after this great wealth it is perfectly well-known to the members of this House and the people of this country that some men have made great ' fortunes. The letter in question sets forth:
The impression is gaining ground that a number of corporations and companies are planning to escape their business profits tax through the agency of mergers and by increasing their capitalization, largely through the process of common stock. It is also generally believed that many of them have not paid, and are not paying, as much as they should, for the reason that they are charging up excessive amounts to overhead, depreciation, expenditure, etc. This is defeating the purpose of the tax, and should not be tolerated.
A company paying dividends of 7 per cent now 10 per cent must pay 2>5 per cent in business profits tax, and when the profits ex-

ceed 15 per cent the tax is increased to 50 per cent.
I need not go into the details of that, they are -well known to all the members, but I will take the next clause in the letter:
This means that companies paying big profits on actual capitalization must pay large sums to the Government. This was the purpose of the legislation, and Parliament had this in mind when it passed the Act. A number of big companies, apparently in order to escape these high rates, are issuing bonuses in the form of new stock to shareholders-doubling trebling, quadrupling, and in same cases increasing their capitalization by at least five times. The purpose is to give the shareholders as big a return on their money as they receive through a high rate of profit on the smaller capitalization. It is being arranged so that dividends do not range much higher than 7 per cent on the face of things, and on that basis, the Business Profits Tax is practically escaped, while in reality the dividends are in some eases four and five times the modest earning of seven per cent. In the case of the .	.	.	.	. Paper Company, the
process of reorganization and re-capitalization, means that eagh shareholder is being given five shares under the new capitalization for each one previously held by him, the effect being to raise the actual capitalization from about $5,000,000' to approximately $25,0l00,0,00i. Under the previous capitalization, the business profits tax on earnings over 20 per cent would have netted the Government a very substantial sum. Under the new capitalization 20 per cent earnings will be spread over five times the capitalization, with the result that, while there is actually no more capita] invested than previously the Government will get next to nothing through its Business Profits Tax.
The Business Profits Tax paid by the companies going into the British Empire Steel Corporation Merger should be thoroughly gone into. It looks as though one of the purposes of this merger is to enable the companies entering it to dodge the tax. The big ones such as the Dominion Steel, Nova Scotia Steel and Iron, Canada Steamships, Canada Foundry and Forgings, and others, will exchange their shares [DOT] for 7 per cent preferred, plus a nice bonus in the way of common stock. This new stock will, at the beginning, amount to over ?2f}0,000.0AT), and will be further increased to ISO'O.OOO.OOO. with a further prospect of a capitalization, of $1,00O.'OO0,00'0' by keeping dividends down to 7 per cent and lower, the business profits tax will be dodged. It will he a very serious matter for the country if a number af the largest companies in Canada are allowed to escape in this way. Canada Steamships, Limited, which is supposed to have paid $1,215,000 in taxes on its 191$ business, would thus practically escape altogether. The same thing applies to others. It would be nothing less than a national crime if this were to be allowed. The little fellows are paying their taxes; the big fellows should be made to pay theirs. The searchlight of publicity should he thrown on the whole subject, for Parliament and the country have a right to know the facts.
It looks to me as though the big fellows had made a rich haul and they are now salting it down.
On page 1866 of Hansard of the second session of 1919, volume 2,1 find the following
I Mr. Andrews.]
words spoken by the then acting leader of the Government (Sir George Foster):
No nation in the world has ever undertaken, and I do not suppose that any nation in the world ever will or ever can undertake, to make compensation 'for the losses incurred in war; it would he an impossible task.
In reply to those words, Mr. Speaker, 1 would say that the man or the members of a government who tackle a job with the words "can't" and "impossible" in their hearts are licked before they start. The people who sent me from Winnipeg to represent them here on the floor of the House understood quite well that it meant "the last man and the last dollar", if necessary, to clean up this job right; and they are still of the same opinion. I believe that is true of the spirit of our people to-day, and any government that fails to interpret that spirit of "the last man and the last dollar if need be", fails to represent this nation.
It is true that the business war profits tax is retained and with other taxes now imposed will meet our current expenditures. To this extent, at least, I desire to congratulate my hon. friend the Minister of Finance, for it is infinitely better than the system of borrowing which we had before. There is an old saying, that he who goes aborrowing goes asorrowing, and I am pretty well satisfied that our people for manj years to come will not forget the borrowings of my hon. friend's predecessor.
But the Budget makes no real attempt to readjust the burdens of the war on a fair and equitable basis. The Government says that it cannot be done, that it is impossible to make such a readjustment. Take, for instance, the business profits, tax. It is no secret that the Government has had trouble in collecting it. Quite naturally the men who have made money dislike to see their profits go into, let us say, railway ventures that, to say the lealt, have not been paying dividends for many years, hut which the Government have paid for at one hundred cents on the dollar. I think if I made any ' money I would hate to hand it over to people who expended it in that way. (In fact, I go further and say that if some of my free-trading English friends did not [DOT] sell to the hon. Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) a "pup" when they sold them the Grand Trunk, I do not know what a "pup" is.) There has been trouble in collecting these taxes, for the reason that the people who are paying them are not satisfied that their money is being used to the best advantage. Personally, Mr. Speaker,
I would abolish the war profits tax alto-

gether, and in its stead I would introduce forthwith a Financial Service Act along the lines of the old Military Service Act; in other words, I would conscript millionaires. I would put men who had made $1,000,000 in class A; those iwho had made $500,000 in class B; those who bad*made $100,000 in class C. But 1 would not call these men to the colours as criminals,- far from it; I would mobilize them as the strong, cunning men of the race, men that we can depend on in the country's time of financial need. I would pay them $1.10 a day, with their board and lodgings, and I would keep them on for the continuation of the debt and six months' afterward. I do not want their money so much as their brains, their ability. I am frank to admit, Mr. (Speaker, that they would be a pretty tough army to.handle, but I am satisfied that from amongst their own numbers you would find some one who could handle them, and after they had once caught the spirit of the thing I have not the slightest doubt that they would make good just as their sons and the other young fellows made good overseas.
But you may well ask me: What kind of work would you turn them to when you got them? Roughly, my plan would be to direct them to develop the resources of this country for the nation instead of for themselves. But I do not think it is necessary to go into details at this time; I will wait until after the election. My idea is this: I would call these strong men to the colours and I would say to their leaders: The debt is $2,000,000,000; you have Canada and her resources at your back: Go to it. And I have not the slightest doubt that they would make good.
Now, Sir, it was my purpose to speak at some length on the words uttered by my hon. friend the Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) in this debate, but my physician has ordered me off this line. I am frank to admit that when those words were uttered they made me angry-righteously angry, [I believe, but apparently that is just as dangerous as any other kind of anger. However, I would say in passing that I hope the hon. member has learned that protectionists can blunder as well as free traders. I must point out to him that many blunders were made in the war. But it is an axiom amongst soldiers that the army that makes the fewest blunders wins the war. Germany made blunders, and even in our own army our poor boys lost their lives through blunders of those in control- but I am not going to make the mistake of
pointing out these blunders to bolster up an argument on free trade. I would point out to the hon. minister that economists and thinking men are of the opinion that the supreme blunder of all was the blunder of starting the war,-and that blunder was committed, not by free trade England but by protectionist Germany.


Mr. BURNHAM:: May I ask what country it was that started the war?


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


John Hampden Burnham: May I ask the hon. member a question?


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


George William Andrews: 
Mr. R. C. HENDERS (Macdonald):: Mr. Speaker, it is with some diffidence that I rise to speak at this hour of the evening and at this stage in the debate on the very important Budget that has been brought down, f wish to congratulate the former

Minister of Finance (Sir Thomas White) on the magnificent work he did in connec- . tion with carrying this country through the crisis of war, providing the necessary finances in order that our soldiers might be properly taken care of and that the needs of the country might be properly served.
I congratulate the present Minister of Finance (Sir Henry Drayton) on the Budget which he has brought down. It must have required, a great deal of courage, a great, deal of nerve, on the part of the hon. gentleman to take hold of the duties and responsibilities oif the oftioq of Finance Minister and to deal with conditions as they obtain at present. For years war had done .its work and had had its effect upon the finances of the country, and to come in as a new man, assume the responsibility of administering the finances of the country, and lay down plains by which we might be able to go forward, was a very important and a very trying piece of work to undertake. I. congratulate him upon the degree of success that has attended his efforts in the bringing down of his Budget.
I notice that a certain amount of criticism is levelled at the Government at this time. But it is always the case that a government which has big responsibilities resting upon it, a government which i,s breaking new ground and launching out into new enterprises, meets with much and varied opposition. Naturally there will be opposition from some people, particularly if measures deemed to be necessary call for self-denial on their part.
There are some items in connection with the Budget to which I wish to call attention. First,. I should like to express my recognition of the fact that in his Budget the minister has adopted a method that has been before the people as a proper *method for raising money for administering the affairs of the country. I refer to the introduction of the principle of direct taxation. I believe that direct taxation is the proper way to raise revenues for the conduct of the business of the country. There was a time when money was raised by indirect taxation; when a large part of the finances of the country was secured in this way,-secured by methods which placed the burden of responsibility as indirectly as possible on the people. But the time came in the history of this country when it wa,s necessary that the people should be taken into the fullest confidence of the Government in connection with the admin-
[Mr. Henders.J
istration of its affairs. This was brought about particularly by the increased financial responsibilities and obligations resting upon us in connection with the war. As I say, I have always believed that direct taxation is the proper way to raise revenue.
I wish to express my approval of some of the methods that are laid down in the Budget for the securing of mofiey by direct taxation. First I would direct attention to the luxury tax. I have heard criticism of that tax. Some hon. members have expressed the view that the minimum amount taxable on luxuries was too low; that the taxation should be on higher priced articles. I am not of that opinion. I believe that a sufficient number of useful and. essential articles are free from taxation; that the burden of taxation will not touch the people until they have reached the point where they are able to bear it. The responsibility increases as the resources of the people increase and they are able to bear responsibility. I have no criticism to offer with regard to the levying of that tax, and I believe it will prove a splendid source of securing revenue. If I were to offer a suggestion or criticism at all, it would be with regard to the method adopted in raising that money. Some incline to the belief that, instead of taxing, say, a pair of boots costing over nine dollars on the full value of the article, it would have been better if the tax had been levied upon the excess of the purchase price over nine dollars, and that the tax instead of being 10 per cent should be 20 per cent. I am not quite so sure but, perhaps there is some merit in that suggestion. It would not allow the tax to fall quite so heavily on the one who would have to pay it, and as the article was considered to be a greater luxury and the price increased, the increase of taxation would be so much heavier and, therefore, the burden would fall on those who were better able to bear it. The same criticism -would apply to all similar lines of taxation, namely that the tax, instead of being on the full value, should be on the excess beyond a certain amount fixed as the minimum where the taxation should begin.
I am in perfect accord with the stamp tax. No one will suffer seriously from it, and a certain amount of revenue will be readily collected.
The sales tax is another direct method of taxation with which I find myself in perfect agreement, and I believe that good will come from the securing of money to

the fullest possible extent from that line.
It could better be operated as a straight, turnover tax payable by each class of the business community and not to be passed on from the manufacturer to the wholesaler and then to the retailer.
I come to the income tax which I' consider the most important and most reasonable method of taxation, in the form of a direct tax of any found in connection with the Budget. I believe the income tax is a reasonable and fair way of raising revenue; that it is a method that we should use to the fullest possible extent. As regards the amount of money to be raised by the income tax, I am inclined to think that the tax might well be increased at a greater rate after you reach an income of $10,000, and that the ratio of increase should be greater all the way up to $500,-
000.	A man who has an income of $10,000 could reasonably pay 10 per cent; a man who has an income of $15,000 might reasonably pay a little more than 10 per cent, and he would not suffer seriously from that increased taxation. We could continue along that line, increasing the ratio of taxation between incomes of $10,000 and $500,-
000.	In that way a large amount of money would be secured, and the people who would be making that contribution would not suffer seriously as regards enjoying the comforts and necessaries of life.
I should like to call attention to another feature of the Budget proposals which commends itself to my judgment. I refer to the removal of the 7i per cent war fax. It has been charged against the Government that they have made this a rich man's Budget; that the rich are having the best of it and that the poor naan is being burdened. I do not think so; I believe in the removal of the 7^ per cent war tax, because by the removal of that tax, $7.50 is taken off every $100 worth of goods a man buys, so that rich and poor alike receive benefit thereby.
I wish also to call attention to the fact that it has been charged against the Government that, by removing that 7J per cent war tax, they are simply bringing us back to conditions as they were before the war and, therefore, the Government deserves no great credit for removing that tax. That is a very unfair and unjust criticism. It was found necessary, during the stress of the war, to levy a 7J per cent war tax in order to carry on the Government of the country * and meet the conditions through which we were passing. An expenditure amounting to $1,000,000 a day has to be provided for. It could therefore be argued that this tax
should on that account ibe retained. The Government has decided otherwise. This is now taken off the people, which means a reduction in the prices of the necessaries of life of over $30,000,000, a direct contribution to the people in connection with their living expenses.
I wish now to refer to the promise made by the former Minister of Finance (Sir Thomas White) that there would be a revision of the tariff last year. With the hon. member for Red Deer (Mr. M. Clark) I find myself in perfect agreement on that point. If I remember rightly, that hon. gentleman's comment was that conditions were such in connection with the former Minister of Finance that he found it necessary through illness to abandon his post, to leave the Government and to go into other lines of business. This change made it necessary for the [Government to secure another man to take the position. It was further felt that of conditions in connection with raising the war loan, it was necessary for the time being to abandon the promise made by the former Minister of Finance. There is no one in this House who is more sorry than I am that that condition of affairs has come about. I had staked a good deal on the promise of the former Minister of Finance, and I had taken the position with the people out in our western country that that pledge given by the former Minister -of Finance at that time was part of the contract which led me to accept the Budget. That promise was an important factor in leading me so to decide. It was, therefore, a disappointment to me that that arrangement was not carried out. But the Minister of Finance ('Sir Henry Drayton) comes to us this year with a pledge that the arrangement which was made last year will be carried out this year. I am not among those who are prepared to receive no explanation for a miscarriage of any promise that is made; I am not among those who are prepared to say that, because it was found necessary last year on account of the circumstances to which I have referred, to abandon the promise, therefore, I will not accept in good faith the promise that is made again. I believe the promise of the Minister of Finance is made in good faith; I am going to receive it in good faith; I am going to act on it in good faith; I am going to tell the people all the facts that have transpired, just as I told them last year; I am going to tell them , that this pledge will be carried out; That there will be a revision of the tariff and that before that revision

takes place-inferences will be held throughout the country and the people will be invited to appear, and present the facts of the case as they see them before the men engaged in the work of gathering the evidence, before the revision in connection with the tariff takes place.
I believe it is necessary on the people's account that this opportunity be given to study the tariff. We do not understand1 the tariff, and I believe that many of us here do not understand it as thoroughly as we should. We do not understand the conditions in -connection with it, and I -have no doubt that these conferences that will be held in different places throughout the country will bring out evidence of incalculable value- in regard to the merits or otherwise of the claims of the different parties who are demanding consideration, and will show clearly the grounds on which they base their claims for that consideration. This information will be valuable, and it will also be a great source of education, which is what we need. What do we find in connection with this promise of a revision of the tariff? Do we find opposition to it? Yes, Mr. Speaker. We find opposition from two sources, and I want to call particular attention to that fact because it has been -said by -hon. members opposite time and again that this is the Government of the predatory interests, the Government of the privileged classes. So far as that allegation is concerned, may I ask if the reduction of per cent of the duty was an example of protection for the privileged classes? Now, who are the people that are opposing the proposal to have conferences to study this question? Where is the opposition -coming from? I find1 that the manufacturers' associations have passed resolutions condemning the action of the Government in proposing a revision of the tariff and condemning the calling of conferences to study the subject. They say they want a revision of the tariff, but whom do they want to revise it? They want to have a board of men appointed to which they can be sure that only certain classes of people will be eligible for appointment, people who perhaps are standing close to their own interests and who will see things from their own point of view. My view, Mr. Speaker, is that the 'Government of the country is responsible to the people for the administration of public affairs, and on its shoulders must rest the responsibility for providing arrangements to take care of the business of the country. I say, therefore, that you cannot take from the Government and put upon the shoulders of any separate (Mr. Henders.]
board the responsibility which properly belongs to the -Government. The Government must undertake the work that lies before it. They must see that an opportunity is given for collecting all necessary information, and with that information before them the responsibility will then rest upon them to bring down their tariff policy, the wisdom or unwisdom of -which the people may judge of at the proper time. I am strongly in favour of a revision, an-d I trust that there will be as little delay as possible on the part of the Minister of Finance in completing the arrangement he has already started for the Carrying out of this part of his programme. I make an appeal now, as I did a year ago, to the people in the West, that whenever these conferences are held those who are studying the question -be met in good faith. Last summer, Mr. -Speaker, I encountered opposition to this proposal -for a revision of the tariff, and that opposition came from sources which I had not expected. It came from those who I thought would fully endorse it. They sai-d: "We do not want a tariff investigation for the study of this question; we have all the information we need. We- know all about the matter; we understand it thoroughly. What we want is that the Government shall act and act as we want them to act." Mr. Speaker, I have no use for that kind of argument. None of us know too much about the tariff; none of us know too much about the fiscal policy of the country; and none of us can afford to ignore any opportunity that is offered us for better informing ourselves along these lines. I shall make the appeal, when I go to the West, that this tariff commission, when it appears there, shall be met by the representatives of all classes and that all the facts that are available and that can throw any light on the subject be placed before the commission.
Now, Mr. Speaker, I find it necessary to state my position to-night on the tariff question. It has 'been suggested by some that I have changed the views which I have hitherto held on this question and which I expressed on former occasions. Allow me to -say that this is not correct, the statement is entirely -beside the mark; my views on the tariff have not changed except perhaps on two points, in regard to which they have undergone some modification. A fuller study of the -question places me, I think, -beside the leader o-f the Farmers' party (Mr. Crerar) in one respect. A more detailed study of the whole subject has led me to the belief that we are not in a position at the preeent time to enjoy the

privileges of free trade. If we were establishing a new civilization and we had one simple community, I could very well understand that we could introduce the principles of free trade. But we are not introducing a new civilization. We are living in a civilization which is hoary with years, and we are surrounded by methods of taxation that introduce a principle that is the opposite of free trade; and while we have these conditions to contend with we must govern ourselves accordingly. We must make circumstances the best that can possibly obtain for all the people in the country. We must have a tariff of some kind. Some people say that we have a tariff for protection purposes, while others assert that we have a tariff for revenue. I can make no distinction between the two. If you have a tariff up	to five per
cent you may call it a tariff	for
revenue, but the fact remains that it is, up to five per cent, a protection also. If it is a tariff far revenue, it is also protection against the people who desire to come from other countries into this country to trade, and it is ten per cent of protection to the interests of the manufacturer in itlhis country. No matter how high or how low you make it, call it by what name you will, 'a tariff means protection. If it is only one per cent it is so much, if it is forty per cent it is so much more, but it is protection in dither case.


John Allister Currie: Do you call it protection in the case of tea?


Richard Coe Henders: I am speaking of industries that are indigenous to this country and are supported by it, I am not referring to articles that are not manufactured or do not grow in this country; that is an entirely different thing. We tax them directly for the purpose of raising revenue. Where shall we draw the line? I find a person who says: "I do^ not 'believe in a tariff for protection, but I do believe in a tariff for revenue." I have tried to discover where the line of demarcation is drawn between these two points.
In looking over the Budgets of the past I found one instance in the course of the last few years where a distinction Was made and where one had the courage to state what was a tariff for revenue and what was a tariff for protection. The future fiscal policy of the country was under discussion in 1906 and 1907. There was a certain arrangement made for gathering information as the basis upon which the tariff policy should be framed. When the Budget was before Parliament for discussion opposition was directed against the policy of the Government that was then in power. They had reduced the tariff on agricultural implements to 17J per cent. A resolution was introduced by those who were in opposition at that time demanding .that the Government bring down the tariff on agricultural implements to ten per cent. The advocates of a tariff for revenue only said: We believe thait a tariff of 17J per cent is only a tariff for revenue and not a tariff for protection. If it be true that 17J per cent was at that time considerd a tariff for revenue then our present tariff is below a tariff (or revenue. What argument then can be offered by the Opposition in support of the ameridment offered by the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's?
In regard to my attitude in supporting the proposals of the Budget I will state my position in a few words. I have watched the discussion with a great deal of interest and I have paid close attention to the amendment introduced by my hon. friend the member for Shelburne and Queen's. After going carefully through that amendment I found that it was beset with a great deal that was vague and indefinite. It did not appear to me to be blear cut and specific. It appealed to me very much along the line of the speech we listened to this afternoon from the leader of the Opposition (Mr. Mackenzie King) who gloried in the fact that they had not a clear-cut specific policy. It was a policy that embraced everybody and it reminded me of the man who would be all things to all men, if by any means he might "gain some." Studying this amendment in the light of past history I find thait the man who moved the amendment, land those who surrounded him at the time that he and his friends were in power, made strong protestations, before they had achieved power as to what 'would be their policy if they were returned. They went up and down the country de-dlaring substantially for a definite policy. There was no mistaking their position at that time. Everybody understood what they meant. But when they came to practise what they had been preaching there was a wonderful disparity between their preaching and their practice. I find also that the Government which was in power
11	p.m. before these hon. gentlemen assumed office was a Government that was accused of being a Government of special interests and special privileges, just as these hon, gentlemen opposite are talking about the Government of the present day being a Government of special


interests and special privileges. Who are the men who are coming to this city day-after day beseeching members of this Government in regard to the tariff under discussion? Men who are going away disappointed with conditions as they find them in connection iwilth this Budget. Men who are looked upon by the Opposition as being the foster parents of this Government are the men who are in this position. The men who- are writing bitter things against this Government are the men who were looked upon as the sponsors for it.
When the Government of the late Sir John Macdonald went into power they went in with a clear-cut protective policy. Influence was brought to bear along certain lines with the object of securing Changes in that policy and we find that certain changes were made. I followed the history of that Government down through the years and I found that in the year before they went out of power they made radical changes in their policy. They reduced very materially the protaitive tariff which was then in operation. Then, another party came into power on a free trade policy practically, and we find on reading over the record that the Finance Minister of that Government announces "No radical change this year in /the fiscal policy." Year after year this is the announcement. Finally there are some little changes made and then it goes on again from year to year the same old story of no change. How about the Union Government? In the first year that the Union Government was in power a change in the tariff policy in the form of a reduction off $17,000,000, and that after tflie second year they come down again with a reduction of $30,000,000.
I was reminded-as I studied this over in my own mind-of a passage in the Scriptures, where a certain man called his two sons. He said to one son, "Go, work to-day* in my vineyard"; and the son replied, "I go, Sir", but went not. And he said to the second son, likewise, and the son said, "I will not go", but afterwards repented and went. The question was asked which of these did the will of his father, and the answer was in favour of the latter. I am in the position of making a similar choice, and I am inclined to give my approval to the man who at first refused but finally went and did as he was requested. I find myself in this position to-night: after weighing all the evidence that is before me I am going to trust the man who has prepared the fiscal policy that has given to us a reduction of over $30,000,000, and who- says: 
I am going to study the question and come down with a fiscal policy that will be the fiscal policy of this Government when it makes its appeals to the people. I am going to give that man and that Government a fair chance, and will reach my conclusions as to my future course after they have declared themselves.


Mr. L. T. PACAUD (Megantic):: Mr. Speaker, the Budget delivered recently by the Minister of Finance has given rise to a debate which, though it little resembles in tone and in substance the debates of previous years on this vital question, will nevertheless in my opinion arouse far more deeply than in the past the interest of the people of Canada. We cannot, close our eyes- to the- fact that if within the walls of this Parliament there seems to be, in some quarters at least, a tendency to approach this question with the set opinion of pre-war days, there is outside pf this House a public opinion more critical, more alert, more resolute, and more determined than ever to see to it that the abuses which have crept in to our fiscal system shall no longer be tolerated in this country. Little can we wonder, Sir, at this change of attitude, at this new spirit-which can so easily be detected and still more easily be explained -which has permeated, gradually but surely, throughout the country, with greater force since the advent of peace. As I was listening to the Minister of Finance unfolding to us what we already too well knew- the ghastly story of our financial situation; as I read on the one hand the appalling figure of the national debt of two and a half billions of dollars; and as I saw on the Other hand notwithstanding that tremendous burden which we have to carry and to bear-a burden partly hut not wholly due to the war-the unmistakable evidence of waste and extravagance in the expenditure of our public money, I came, Sir, to realize more fully that whatever may be the other causes, the real explanation for the grievances and the discontent of the people at the present day, can be traced directly to the Government and to their lack of foresight and of courage in not leading the way, or even entering into the new stage of social growth. To me it appears of far greater importance in this debate that we should note and study the feelings of unrest so prevalent amongst our people, and try to remedy a situation truly alarming in the present juncture, than that we should indulge ourselves, for parly purposes, in the luxury of discussing the historical

merits or demerits of free trade or protection. For my part, Sir,-as between the extreme views of those who belong to the one school of thonght and of those who belong to the other, I stand by the policy of the party to which I belong, a policy which has for its immediate object, as I understand it, to maintain our custom duties for revenue purposes only and not for giving to any class of our population an unjust preference, privilege or protection detrimental to the great mass of our people. In a word, Sir the aim of Liberalism to-day is what it has always been in the past; not to destroy, but to reconstruct and to develop.
I know full well, Mr. Speaker, that this fiscal policy of the Liberal policy has been persistently assailed in the past by the Tory high protectionists in this country. Did we not hear the Minister of Trade and Commerce, (Sir George Foster) quite recently in this debate-by a change of tactics as sudden as it was surprising,-pretend to see no difference between its scope and object and that of the policy to which he seems to still adhere with the same confidence and with the same enthusiasm with which he so often in the past gave testimony in this House? But, .Sir, whatever the opinions of the Minister of Trade and Commerce on this point may be, we who belong to the Liberal party, looking back to the fifteen years, of its adminitration, can find remarkable grounds for gratification at the thought of its splendid record and achievements. By whatever name you may call the fiscal system that was in vogue between 1896 and 1911, what we do know is that never before were Canadians so prosperous, so happy and so contented as during that brief but all too short period of Liberal administration. Such, Sir, was the success of that .administration that when in its last year of office-forging ahead wisely but resolutely in the path it had traced for itself-it introduced and announced its policy of reciprocity, those who are sitting to your right could find no other weapon with which to .attack their opponents than to shout on every housetop what was in facta tribute to their opponents, "Let well enough alone". Brave indeed would be the public man who would to-day step on a public platform, and, facing a Canadian audience representative of all classes in the community, calmly repeat as a remedy for our present day troubles this old worn-out doctrine. "Let well enough alone". Were a Cabinet Minister to try this ordeal, when we are witnessing at the present time such
an unnatural and unprecedented ferment spreading throughout the country, he would soon realize what he now feigns to ignore, the full sense and full feeling of indignation and alarm throughout the country provoked and accentuated by the folly, the ignorance, the lack of policy and the sad mismanagement of this Government.
Mr. Speaker, we are witnessing a remarkable change in this country. Canadians have come to learn, to better compare and to digest what passes before their eyes. They know, Sir, what they want. No mere promises will again satisfy them, or divert them from their course. Let us look, Sir, at the case of the farmer. He still remembers his unsuccessful pilgrimage to Ottawa He is still resentful of the cold reception that was then given him by the members of this Government. Can we restore his confidence, so badly shattered by the unfortunate events to which I have just alluded?
Let us look at some features of his programme. The farmer comes forward once more with a just and reasonable plea that if there is any sincerity in the appeal of this Administration for " production and still more production " as a cure for many of our present day troubles, the Government should immediately facilitate thr work of our farming population by removing the duties on farm implements, thus cheapening the cost of the instruments of production and eliminating the chief obstacle to the successful achievement of their labour. Sir, that is a request which amounts to a sane policy, and which should be adopted by this House-a policy which is embodied in the amendment of the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding), and which, I may venture to say, is endorsed by the unanimous voice of Liberalism in this country.
But what does the Government do? Their attitude dn this respect resembles their conduct on other questions of public policy. They hesitate, they linger, and finally they drift into the easier course of evading a decision and doing nothing. In 1911 they promised a tariff commission-nothing came of it; in 1919 there was to be an investigation preliminary to a tariff revision; this year a new Minister of Finance comes forward and promises to redeem the broken pledge of his predecessor. Strange would be this attitude were we not familiar with its true underlying causes. The weak protest of a small group whose interests seem to be merged with the fate of this .Government, clinging desperately to a privilege which they feel is slipping from their

nngere, is sufficient to paralyze the efforts of this Government and to prevent justice being done to the great bulk of our population. It is said, Sir, that great men do not always know their well-wishes. Better for our Cabinet ministers would it be could we but rescue them from their friends!
Sir, there is another phase of this situation closely and intimately connected with the question raised1 by this amendment. We believe that substantial reductions in the tariff along the lines suggested by the hon. member for i .Shelburne and Queen's would contribute to solve, without ham or injury to any legitimate business in this country, the two most pressing economic problems of the hour: In the first place, diminish the. high cost of living; in the second, place, encourage the vigorous development of our national resources,-essential not only to procure us revenue, but essential also for the progress and prosperity of this country. Needless for us sitting here as representatives of the people to idly lament over the people's sufferings. A greater effort is expected from us than a casual glance at some newspaper which will inform us, day in and day out, that the high cost of living is still persisting in its ascending course. We may not please the present rulers of Canada, but we would surely be rendering a service to the cause of government could we but suggest a probable method of removing the cause of the present troubles and discontent amongst our people, which no honest and sane man would care to dispute or to deny. It is in this spirit that I have approached the perusal of this amendment; it is in this .spirit that I intend to give it my hearty support.
I summarize my views, Mr. Speaker in one phrase: Greater production would mean more prosperity for the producer, greater relief to the consumer, and by tending to raise the purchasing power of the dollar proportionately to the reduction of the prices of commodities would eliminate the dangerous necessity of indefinitely increasing the wages without corresponding benefits to the wage earner. But, as usual, we are doomed to disappointment. The Government, after having taken the initiative in this campaign of production, fails to support it in the only practical way in which it could be supported. Instead of a policy founded on common sense, they prefer to lavish the people's money on commissions;-commissions for the regulation of prices which do no regulating-com-
[Mr. Pa..and !
missions for stimulating of production which fail to do any stimulating.
Not only does this Government fail to do its duty, not only does it fail to relieve the consumer by reducing the high cost of living, but it has the temerity to introduce a Budget which by the form of taxation proposed will leave unmolested the war profiteer to better crush the man whose only crime is to have preferred to remain honest rather than to become rich. This Budget is a direct challenge to the public opinion of Canada. But what cares this Government? It does not rest on public opinion; it knows and feels that it stands on private humour, that the foundation of its administration is on a quidksand.
What a pitiful position for a Government to be in! We heard the other day the hon. Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) make a vain attempt to save the sinking ship, to restore order in his own .household, to desperately appeal to his supporters to remain steadfast as the members of a rapidly vanishing crew. Sir, I would pay this tribute to my hon. friend, that usually when he enters into a debate he is well armed with every sort of argument that would tend to strengthen his case. But there is a limitation to the resources of man, and when the hon. minister suddenly realized that his mission was to defend the record of this Government, and that he held in his hand but the slim material upon which to build his case-the promise of a tariff revision at some future date- he quickly sidestepped before such an arduous task, to enter into the easier course of finding fault with those who in this House disagreed with him. He attacked the Farmers' party; he did not spare the Liberal party. The former he reproached for their free trade principles; the latter he chastised because 'he seems to have found in the speeches of some of their leaders a tendency towards moderate protection. But free trade-moderate protection, will never satisfy the hon. Minister of the Interior. It was the voice of a staunch Tory, somewhat indignant at the thought that there may be some men in this country who fail to see the wisdom of maintaining intact the high protectionist policy of his party.


John Hampden Burnham: Might I ask the hon.
gentleman a question?


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


Lucien Turcotte Pacaud: There lies the line of demarcation between the Government and those who oppose them. We see more clearly the true position of parties in this

country. May it help to bind more closely the forces which by the very nature of their programmes should be united and not divided. This Government, Mr. Speaker, is growing weaker and weaker. The popular torrent is gaining upon it every hour. Its fate is definitely sealed. From every nook and corner of the land is heard the wide clamour for a general election. To this chorus is added quite recently a new voice by no less a body than the Great War Veterans of Canada.
We are witnessing, Sir, a strenuous tug-of-war between those who, representing the last vestige of autocratic rule in this country, blind to the popular will, will not disgorge until (they are dislodged, and those .who, still mindful of a successful war for freedom, demand the restoration of the fight to a free election, indispensable to the renewal of our work of peace.
To make this country safe foT democracy, Mr. Speaker, we can do no better than to turn towards Liberalism, to find in the glorious pages of its history the principles of sane and sound government. They have never failed in the past; they will not fail in the present instance to restore to the people their freedom, so badly shattered during recent years.


Mr. F. L. DAVIS (Neepawa):: Mr. Speaker, any member who rises at this hour, after two weeks of debate of the tariff question, surely has assurance. But I feel that the occasion must not be allowed to pass without my saying at least a few words, and I shall endeavour to be brief.
The first Budget of our new Finance Minister is certainly breaking new ground, not only in Canada but perhaps in the world of finance. The method adopted has been discussed in recent times, but I know no case in which similar taxes have been imposed, save, perhaps, in France, where they are now considering a Budget which proposes a tax of one per cent on turnover and ten per cent upon luxuries. Possibly one of the things we have now to consider is whether a sales tax or tax on turnover is the better. Possibly the Finance Min-inister is not wedded to this particular method; he is willing to consider, I imagine, the adoption of that method which will get the money with the least expense to trade and the least expense to the Government*
At the bottom of any consideration of taxation proposals lies, of course, the present outlook in business. That is far from satisfactory, in spite of the figures which have
been quoted again and again in this debate. An examination of the amounts or quantities of goods or commodities that we produced during the past year indicates a disappointing result, although the money values have increased. That certainly is small ground for satisfaction. Again, our money is at a discount in the greatest market which we have-that is, where our greatest buying is done-and that also is unsatisfactory. Another cause for dissatisfaction at he present time is the fact that the market in which we do most of our selling is not readily reached by our buyers. Our importations from England have not balanced with our exports to that country, and, in consequence, have muddied the situation.
On the other hand, there are certain grounds for satisfaction, or at least for hope that we will deal with the situation to our satisfaction. There was throughout .the war an immense use of credit, mainly by the Government. As one English author says, perhaps as a result of that use of credit, we are inoculated against a panic or crisis at this time. Indeed, looking back over the history of other wars we see that usually from two to eight years elapsed before the crisis came. Probably .the shortest period was the crisis of 1857, following the Crimean War. I believe that in about six years the crisis followed the Napoleonic wars, and after the Civil War in the United States the panic did not arrive until 1872 or 1873. From that, perhaps, it would be a reasonable deduction .that we have before us a few years in which to readjust our finances.
(Now, that these finances are not satisfactory we all admit. We have even, this year, not balanced our expenditures with our taxation, and it is questionable whether we shall do so next year. More taxation was needed during the war. The great cause of our troubles knday is that inadequate taxation was then imposed. This was not peculiar to Canada; it was the case throughout the world, because I think we were all optimists; we were always hoping that the war would end within six months or a year. It was hard to adapt our taxation and our expenditures to a continuing state of war. That consideration stands, and .the man who to-day comes forwards to criticise the financing of the five years of war must remember that he is looking at it with the wisdom of hindsight and that the man who was actually dealing with it had only human foresight to guide him. Nevertheless, there were men who during the war dwelt upon

the necessity for greater taxation than we had, and I do believe that the Government which preceded this Union Government was slack in not adopting other methods of taxation before they did.
At present we need, first of all, to balance our expenditure with our taxation. This Budget promises a prospect of so doing. Next, however, we need a surplus. I have not been in the House during the whole of the debate, but I have heard no one yet mention the necessity for providing a sinking fund in the very near future. II had hoped, indeed, that the Finance Minister would be able to tell us how soon he expects to have any considerable surplus and how he proposes to. use that surplus. It is plain that if a change in values takes place we have a very considerable inflation of currency and that that surplus may be needed first of all to remove that inflation; next we must undoubtedly establish sinking funds for the redemption of our debt. How soon will that be reached? Will we reach that before we run into the storms which certainly will follow the vast waste of five years of world war? It is necessary that we should; otherwise we shall run into difficulties thereafter.
'Something has been said about the necessity for reduction of expenditures, and upon that I 'wanted to speak this evening; I doubt whether I would have risen at all but for that. II wish especially to deal with the project which has been recommended to the British Government by the Select Committee on National Expenditure of 1917 with regard to a Committee on Estimates. That great man, Gladstone, said that it was very difficult for a minister to control the expenditure of his department at any time. I know that our Finance Minister has found it very difficult to	get
the reductions in 'Estimates that he has got this year. There are four points at which financial control may apply. Two of these are departmental with us, the officer having the expenditure in hand and the departmental auditor. Then the matter comes to the Minister of Finance and finally it must come to Parliament. I take it that in the Cabinet, the ministers stand1 more upon an equality than ministers do under the English system, where the Treasury has a predominant voice in all these matters. That being so, our Minister of Finance cannot have full control, and he needs some means beyond what our present system gives him. No man has sat in this House through four sessions-and most of those around1 me have been here at least
[Mr. Davis. 1
as long as that-without- being impressed with the futility of the proceeding of passing Estimates. If an hon. member were a company director and authorising the expenditure of sums in connection with his company with no more knowledge of the requirements of the service than he has when passing Estimates1, he should be committed to a penitentiary and probably he would be. The real reason why that is the case is that at the present time Parliament lacks the machinery for getting that information, and the proposition of a committee on estimates would provide Parliament with that machinery hy which it could ha informed. When the estimates were once submitted to and passed that committee and came before the House, the House could vote upon them with some measure of knowledge and assurance. It does not so vote now. The British House endeavoured1 to apply the idea of a committee of estimates in the year 1912. This was just a House committee without any machinery, and they found it would take them about thirty or forty years to get around the departments, and therefore, at the beginning of the war it was laid aside. But when the matter was examined by the Hon. Herbert Samuel's committee, a machinery was devised consisting of an Examiner of Estimates, having an office of practically equal rank with the Auditor General and a staff which could go into the various departments under the direction of the committee in the recess and gather the information which the committee would require to act upon. At this time our lack of such machinery is a defect in our system, and if we had such machinery, it would get us the reduction in expenditure we all know is necessary. For instance, a few weeks ago a statement was issued that there were 70,000 names on Canada's list of employees, and when you look over i't you find 6,000 employees or thereabouts still in the Militia Department and thousands in the Department of Soldiers' Givil Ke-establish-ment. These departments have not been greatly cut down since the war, and it is very difficult for the minister or for the permanent officials to make the necessary reduction; but I take it that if that duty were laid upon Parliament, it would be done.
I wish to make a remark or two more directly in connection with the Budget, and I shall have finished. The present reduction in prices is rather coincident with this new taxation than an effect of it. The

reduction bad begun before the taxation was imposed, and possibly it would have proceeded without our taxation. There is no doubt that a fall in prices to-day is the most desirable thing that could happen to allay unrest. If prices go down, wages will not follow them for some time, and this will do more than any Other thing could to bring us out into more peaceful times.
Let me depart for a moment from my line of thought and refer to this matter lest I should later forget it. It seems t-o me that the Government at present should watch with a very jealous eye the many mergers and new issues of capital which are now occupying the financial world. After five years of war, disturbed business conditions such .as we have had and enormous profits, it seems to me that an attempt . is being made to capitalize the situation which attempt it is the duty of the Government to prevent big finance from putting across. These companies have been paying large dividends; the change in the value of money has greatly increased the apparent value of the properties, and it is undoubtedly a tempting time for the launching of such enterprises. If we cannot deal with this matter, we are going to leave one of the greatest causes of unrest ndt dealt with. There is no doubt that the ordinary mam is quite willing to see capital get a fair return in the shape of dividends, but what is continually disturbing the workingman, the farmer, the community generally, is to see unearned amounts, hidden assets, converted into visible and*real assets, and melons cut. A company is after all a creation of the legislature and it can be dealt with. There is no doubt whatever of omr power to take hold of the question, and it is one of the great things that is now facing us. The limited liability company has a history in England-(and there it had its origin)-of only about 95 years. It was in 1825 that the Bubble Act was repealed in Great Britain and the incorporation of a limited liability company-there were chartered companies before-then first became possible. We have not learned how to control the device and we must learn how to control it if we are going to have any degree of satisfaction in our handling of big finance.
Last year I found it necessary to vote against the Government on its Budget because no new taxation had been imposed, no new areas of taxation had been opened, and regard was not had to the demands of the West in the reductions that were made.
This year, because the Government has entered upon a course of opening up new areas of taxation in which we need experience and organization, out elf which we learn something with every application, and because a real effort has been made-when we are increasing our taxation by 25 per cent in one year, I think that is a very real effort-it seems wise to me to support the Government. I have said that at this point because I have one or two other things tot say in regard to much of the debate to which I have listened during the past two weeks. It has been comparatively easy ito accept the Budget; it has been relatively difficult to accept the arguments in support of the Budget. The fact of the matter is that when we argue this question of protection and free trade, surely the stalest and most unprofitable question which this House ever deals with, never is even one instance exhausted; it is largely a case of "after this" and "therefore on account olf this" when protection is alleged to have been the cause of prosperity. Let us examine for just a moment what occurred in Germany which, perhaps, is the great and classic example of what is claimed to be the great success of protection in our time. In 1834, the German Zollverein was formed; free trade was introduced into an area which before had been cut up by conflicting tariffs. In 1879, the Germans .adopted a protection policy. But Germany's industrial success had begun before the adoption of her protective policy. Something which I have never heard referred to in this debate, and which I am sure had a very large share in the shifting of trade from England to Germany, is concerned with the currency. When England adopted free trade in 1846 she was the only country in the world that had a gold currency. Germany adapted a gold currency basing it upon, the indemnity which she re-[DOT] ceived from France in 1874. England had been for many years a manufacturing country and was a large buyer of raw materials and foodstuffs, and down to 1874, and even a little later-the Latin union was not dissolved until 1876-the best use the seller of these commodities could make of his money was to spend it in the .English market. England was already a wealthy country. She had plenty of money and where money is plentiful goods are dear. Money was scarce in Germany and goods and services were cheap, and when the money was freely transmutalble from English into German currency the seller of these goods took his money to Germany and bought cheaper

goods. The result was that Germany's increase in trade began before her protection came into force. More than that, it was just about 1870 that the iron ores of Germany were made accessible to the iron trade. Her iron ores are largely phosphorous, and it was not until the Gilchrist-Thomas process of smelting was adopted that she was able to use her ores and build up her iron trade. I do not propose to follow the matter through all the ramifications of finance and science. Germany had just won three great wars, and in such circumstances it is impossible to hold a people down. Psychology, science, finance and political economy came to her aid at that time and her industrial prosperity began. So far as England is concerned, it certainly seems to me that when we survey Europe, with every protective country on its last legs trembling even yet on the verge of bankruptcy as a result of the war, and find England their support and the hope of civilized Europe, England being a free trade country, there is some reason to doubt whether protection has all the virtues that have been ascribed to it by some members on this side. Nevertheless, I must say this, that when our forefathers founded this Dominion of Canada, which otherwise might have been four separate communities, there was probably, in the then state of political and economic knowledge, some excuse for the application of protection to build up the consciousness of mutual interest. It at least was an obvious way and it would probably have taken longer under free trade to do the same thing. But even if that were so, it is no justification for the continuation of the process, after the lines have been laid down upon which we now have trade east and west and have a community who have fought through this war in such a manner as to consolidate the country to a greater extent than had been possible by reason of the economic efforts of the last fifty years.


John Allister Currie: What about the United
States?


Fred Langdon Davis: In what respect?


John Allister Currie: As an example of protection.


Fred Langdon Davis: 
Samuel William Jacobs: Mr. SPEAKER-


Mr. McDONALD:: Mr. Speaker, I am sure I have listened during the last two weeks-


Edgar Nelson Rhodes: Order; Mr. Jacobs has
the floor.


Samuel William Jacobs: Mr. Speaker, a story is told of the
late Duke Devonshire when as Marquis of Harington


Mr. LEVI THOMSON:: This is not in
accordance with the arrangement that was made. I do not know whether it means anything.


Edgar Nelson Rhodes: Order. Mr. Jacobs has the floor.


Samuel William Jacobs: I was about to relate an incident in the life of the late Duke of Devonshire when as Marquis of Harington he was a member of the House of Commons. On one occasion during an address that he was delivering before the House he put his hand to his mouth and tried to suppress a yawn. He was actually yawning at his own speech. I am very much, tonight, in the position of the late Duke of Devonshire, and feeling as I do myself, I can very well imagine what hon. members of the House must feel when they are obliged to listen to my remarks at midnight.


An hon. MEMBER:: Hear, hear.


Samuel William Jacobs: An hon. gentleman says
"hear, hear." 1 feel exactly the same when he speaks. Representing as I do, Mr. Speaker, numerically one of the largest urban divisions in the Dominion of Canada I feel I owe it to my electors on this occasion to make a public profession of faith and to declare that I intend to vote for the amendment proposed by my hon. friend for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding). It is surprising how opinions differ in large cities. I am a next-door neighbour to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries (Mr. Ballantyne). He was elected by a very large majority and he sits on the other side of the House, while I, whose constituency is about fifteen or twenty feet away from his, was elected by a majority three times as large to oppose his views in this House. These are some of the curious features in the psychology of the people who reside in urban districts.
I had intended, if I had been able to obtain a hearing earlier in this debate, to speak about the tax proposals and other matters which have been brought up by the resolutions proposed by the 'hon. the Minister of Finance (Sir Henry Drayton). But these have been discussed in the past few weeks and threshing old straw would be of no service. On an occasion of this kind, however, knowing that any member of the House is permitted to talk on almost anything on the Budget debate we have the privilege in the words of the English nonsense rhyme, of talking about " ships and shoes, and sealing wax,, of cabbages and kings." Perhaps I may be permitted to start with ships. The Minister of Marine is here and I will take the opportunity of telling him that I am unalterably opposed to his policy in obtaining from this Gov-192
ernment already something like $70,000,000 for the purpose of starting, his merchant marine enterprise.


Mr. B ALTANTYNE:: It is $75,000,000.


Samuel William Jacobs: Well, $75,000,000-$5,000,000 is neither here nor there in these days; it was hardly worth the interruption. When every person is supposed to exercise thrift and economy, when we are told that we must save, when all kinds of luxury taxes are imposed upon the people, not so much for the purpose of obtaining revenue for the Government as for the purpose of preventing people from buying commodities, this embarkation upon an entirely new policy of sailing into uncharted seas with these vessels cannot appeal to pien who have the interests of the country at heart. We are obliged to pay six per cent for our money and yet the Minister of Marine is able to obtain an appropriation of $75,000,000 for an enterprise of this kind the result of which *is, to say the least,, doubtfull. Last year the Government obtained credits for something like $100,000,000 for the Balkan States. We were going to foster trade with the Balkan States.


George Green Foster: Only $25,000,000 for the Balkans.


Samuel William Jacobs: There was $25,000,000 for the Roumanian loan, $25,000,000 for Greece, and other States were also to be looked after. I understand that <$25,000,000 was passed for the Roumanian, loan of which $17,000,000 has already been paid out for this purpose. We were shown yesterday by the hon. member for Chambly and Ver-eheres (Mr. Archambault) that a very large portion of this money went into the hands of supporters of this Government many of whom are members on. the other side of the House. What is the view to-day of the former Minister of Finance (Sir Thomas White), the immediate predecessor of the present Minister of Finance, as to the wisdom of that loan, that he advocated so vigorously when it was presented to the House. Does he still think it is good business? . Is Roumania in a position to carry out its obligations? Is he aware that that country is practically in the hands of the Bolshevd'ki? Have we forgotten that last year the Minister went on
12	p.m. with this policy regardless of the advice which we preferred him on that occasion? There has been a practical waste of this money. We are


Newton Wesley Rowell: My hon. friend said that I made no reference to the letters. He is in error. I did make reference to them, but I said they related to accounts other than the $121,000,000-that they had no relation to that item.


Samuel William Jacobs: I was not in the House at the time, and therefore I accept the explanation of the President of the Privy Council, but I have this to say of the whole transaction: We heard for the first time, to-night, that the reason these vouchers had not been produced and filed in the office of the Auditor General is that the ship which carried them had been torpedoed. If I am not correct, I wish to have it stated.


Newton Wesley Rowell: I am sorry that my hon. friend was not in the House at the time, but I stated there were two or three reasons why the vouchers were not sent over. One was that two ships upon which there were vouchers were torpedoed, and it was therefore considered undesirable to run the risk of sending any more vouchers over during the war. There were two other reasons if my hon. friend1 wishes me to give them.


Samuel William Jacobs: All I have to say is that we heard for the first dime, to-night, of the torpedoing of vessels carrying vouchers -we knew nothing of it before. My hon. friend (Mr. J. H. Sinclair) spends a great deal of his time digging into matters which are of interest 'to the House and to the people, and he had been attempting since 1917 to ascertain what had become of these vouchers. He saw from time to time in the Auditor General's. Report memos that no vouchers had been received for this vast sum of $121,000,000, and he was justified in bringing the matter before the House as he did. Up to the present moment we have not yet had the vouchers for the immense sum referred to, notwithstanding -the long speech which was made to-night by the President of the Privy Council. I hope, however, that the debate which has arisen
192J
on this matter will have the necessary result, and that in due time the vouchers will be on file so that everyone may take communication of them.
I was going to say a word or two with reference to the Canadian Northern Railway.


Newton Wesley Rowell: Will my hon. friend permit mer Before passing to that, to prevent any misunderstanding, I may say that I communicated with the Liberal Whip and in timated that I was going to deal with Mr. Sinclair's statement with a view to having the hon. gentleman in the House to-night when it was dealt with.
Mr. JAjCOBS : So long as my hon. friend was not able to produce the vouchers that the hon. member for Antigonish and Guyeborough required, I do not know that a.iy mere statement that the President of the Privy Council was going to deal with the matter would really satisfy the hon. member.
I want to iray a word or two with reference to the Canadian Northern Railway, which we now own, and. to point out- to the House something with regard to the extravagance
wasteful, wanton, wilful extravagance- shown by that company before the line was turned ova'- to the Government of Canada. We are responsible for that extravagance. We permitted the Canadian Northern Company to go on in their mad way until they reached a position where we were obliged to take over the line. These people came to Parliament year after year for the purpose of obtaining money. We handed this money over to them and seemed to be entirely unregardful as to whaJt they did with it. Before the Canadian Northern was merged into the Canadian National Railway 'System the Company obtained a charter from Parliament to build a tunnel through Mount Royal, and I understand the cost of that was $11,000,000. We permitted that to be done, Mr. Speaker, we gave the company this power, and we allowed them to pierce this mountain, costing the people of Canada $11,000,000, when that work could have been obviated by forcing the Canadian Pacific, or the Grand- Trunk Railway 'Company, to allow the Canadian Northern to negotiate the mountain by going about a mile or a mile and a half outside of their present line. Now in order to pierce the mountain the company were obliged to undermine valuable property in the city of Montreal, and as a result of the construction of this funnel the buildings along the streets-shops, houses and so forth-fell into ruins, and the com-

pany were obliged at the cost of very large sums of money to settle with the owners. At the present time the Dominion owns on McGill College Avenue, which is the street I refer to, a number of stores and houses and in addition a Jewish Synagogue. I suggest that my good1 friend from Red Deer (Mr. Michael Clark) might utilize that Synagogue for the purpose of converting bad Jews into good Jews so that the Government might in that way obtain some use for this Synagogue. But the point I want to make particularly is that we allowed this company to do1 iwhat they liked with the money we gave them. We had no>
supervision over it, we allowed them to build a station for their Transcontinental railway on Lagauohetiere street about a hundred yards from the Canadian Pacific and the Grand Trunk stations. We now own two of those stations, and I say it was criminal on the part of the Government to have allowed the money to be expended on that new station and finally to have it unloaded on the country. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company should have been forced to allow running rights to the other two lines so as to give them access into the city of Montreal, which would have obviated the enormous expense of building these stations and tunnels which have had to be taken over by the Government. I say that the Government-not particularly the present Government, but the Government of yesterday, and perhaps, the Government of the day before-will be held to account by the people for the manner in which they allowed the Canadian Northern Railway Company and Mackenzie and Mann to deal with these railways that we have been obliged to take over.
The immigration problem is of great importance to this country at the present moment. Without a proper immigration policy this country is bound to go into bankruptcy, for we must have immigrants if we ar.e to live financially. At the present time we have a population of about 8,000,000 and a national debt of $2,000,000,000 and our annual expense is something like $400,000,000. It does not require much of a mathematician to discover that if 8,000,000 people bear that debt, 16,000 would have to bear only one-half, and if we had a population of 32,000,000 people they would have to bear only one-quarter of that debt. We must have a proper immigration policy, and I submit that the present Government is not adopting a policy calculated to attract proper immigrants. We have placed all kinds -of stumbling blocks in the way of prospective immigrants. Whatever may he said IMr. Jacobs.]
of Sir Clifford Sifton-and I am not here to be his protagonist-I want to say that the immigration policy he adopted was the policy for this country, and since his time we have had no Minister of Immigration who came near to him in the wide vision he had in regard to a national policy in that regard. At present we raise every kind of objection to immigrants; we encourage only a certain class; they must come from a certain district; they must be farmers and domestics. That is not the right policy. To-day a man may be an agriculturist; tomorrow he may be a shop-keeper. To-day a woman is a domestic servant; to-morrow she may 'become the wife of a profiteer. There is no guarantee that the people we bring in are going to remain in the same avocation, for this is a land of opportunity and those who come to this country naturally expect to improve their lot, otherwise they would not leave their native land.
The unfortunate part of the whole thing is that we are aping the United 'States in the matter of an immigration policy. But the conditions in the two countries are not comparable. They have 110,000,000 people and can pick and choose their immigrants; but we are not in that position, and yet we blindly follow the regulations of the United States in respect to immigrants. If to-day the United States pass an immigration law, to-morrow it is put on our statute books. They take the snuff to-day, and we do the sneezing to-morrow. So long as we follow that policy, just so long will we be a land without people.
When immigrants arrive on our shores what do we offer them? At this late hour I am not going into the question of our naturalization law. But suppose a man comes from that hated tyrannical country, Germany; he wants to forget the life he led there. 'He has read about this great land of opportunity. What does he find? On his arrival he has to wait ten years from the date of the signing of the Peace Treaty in 1919 before he can become a fully enfranchised Canadian citizen. And before that is possible he must obtain from Germany the consent of that Government that he may shed his allegiance to the Fatherland and become a British citizen; if he does not obtain that consent he remains for all time an alien in this country and can never aspire to the rights of British citizenship. Why does he come here? He can go to the United States where no questions are asked, and where after five years, if he has been a good citizen, he can become a fully naturalized American citizen

and hold his naturalization against the world. In the United States they put -no obstacle in his way, certainly nothing like we have here under the proposed Franchise Act. We have that Act, we have the Naturalization Act, -and we have the Immigration Act-all tending to keep the new citizen an alien as long as possible. So long as that alien -can go across the border and obtain all the rights and privileges of citizenship it is not likely that we shall ever increase our population by immigration.
I (would like to say a word or two with regard to the new imposts, but perhaps these can very well stand until the resolutions go into committee. I would, however, point out one peculiar anomaly with regard to the excess profits tax which I think ought to be brought to the attention of the Government now. Under the present taxation law a man with a million dollars, we will say, goes info business, and in a year he makes a profit of half a million dollars -which is a large profit, every one will admit, but we will say that he is a friend of the Government and is supplying goods to Roumania and the other Balkan States -what has he to pay the Government under the new Act? He has to pay $120,000. We will take another case of a man who goes into business with $500,000 of his own, but he is unable to continue with that amount of capital, and having good credit at the -bank he borrows another $500,000, and with this $1,000,000 he goes ahead, and, we will say, he also obtains some of the credits extended to the Balkan States and makes $500,000. How much, think you, do the Government get from him? They get $250,000. I was going to say that that is a clear proof of the rich getting richer -and the poor getting poorer, although probably that statement would not be accepted as it perhaps should be, inasmuch as even in these days a man with $500,000 cannot be declared to be a poor man. But there is the anotmaly in the law-that a man who has half a million dollars and makes half a million pays fifty per cent of it to the Government, whereas -the man who has a million dollars and makes half a million pays only $120,000. That is something which can be discussed in committee and corrected at that stage of the procedure.
This afternoon when the leader of the Opposition was talking about the coalition of 1917 he said that the promise was given by certain members of the Government that this union or coalition was only to be for
the period of the war, and for no longer. The Prime Minister (Sir Robert Borden) challenged the leader of the Opposition to state when that promise was given and by whom. The leader of the Opposition was not in public life at the time and the incidents in connection with the speeches made at the time of the election must have escaped him. I have, however, a memo of the promises made by members of the Government that this union was to be only for the duration of the war and for not a day longer. Hon. Mr. Carvell, then Minister of Public Works in this Government, speaking at Sarnia in the fall of 1917-immediately after he was sworn in he went there to give a hand to the hon. member for Lamb-ton West (Mr. Pardee) who now sits on this side of the House-made the statement, with all the responsibility attaching to his position as Minister of the Crown, that so far as he knew this Government was going to last until the war was over and not a day longer. He has carried out his promise; he is no longer a member of the Government. The hon. member for Marquette (Mr. Crerar) on various occasions made the statement in public that he was going to retire from the Government immediately the war was over. Has he kept his promise? He has.


Mr. BUTTS:: For the benefit of the Government.


Samuel William Jacobs: For the benefit of the Government-"he left his country for his country's good."


Robert Hamilton Butts: Exactly.


Samuel William Jacobs: Well, that may be the view of my good friend from Cape Breton, but I scarcely think it is the view of the front benches, judging by the attention which the President of the Council (Mr. Rowell) paid to the member for Marquette in his remarks this evening. I speak now subject to correction, but I believe that the Minister of Immigration and Colonization (Mr. Calder) made a statement of that kind or said something which could be construed into a statement of that kind on various occasions, and if the matter -is of sufficient importance his remarks may be found on reference to Hansard. But I qualify my remarks with regard to the Minister oJ Immigration because II am not so certain that the statement he made could not be construed into something else.
The member for Halifax (Mr. A. K. MacLean) who occupied the position of property man or maid-of-all-work in this Gov-

eminent, is also no longer here. I understand that pending the taking of this vote he has taken to the tall 'Woods of Newfoundland where he is hunting or fishing or doing something of that kind. The hon. member for Hamilton East (Mr. Mewburn) who was Minister of Militia and Defence,- where is he now? He is certainly not a member of the Government. So that I can say in the words of the famous poet, Mrs. Hemans:
They grew in beauty side by side,
Where are those dreamers now?
In connection with one of the taxes proposed I wish to make a reference which may perhaps be considered by my hon. friends as a little picayune, and that is, the beer tax. We still have beer in Quebec of a certain consistency.


George Green Foster: 
Mr. KEEFER:: Could the hon. member
telle me how much per schooner?


George Green Foster: Ask the Minister of Marine.


Samuel William Jacobs: The Minister of Marine
could possibly give my hon. friend the information. But we are dealing with glasses at the moment. Two and a half cents isi the present tax on beer per glass. As 'I say, the former price of beer was five cents per glass, 21 cents was paid to the brewer, the profit to the saloon-keeper was

2J cents, amdi the beer was sold at 5 cents. Now, with the 21 cent tax the beer costs the saloon-keeper 5 cents, and instead of making 21 cents profit as he did before, he has raised the price to 10 cents', so that when the Government takes 21 cents the saloon-keeper waits for his opportunity and jumps his price another 21 cents, and there we have a 100 per cent advance charged to the workingman for his beer. Does the Minister of Finance ever expect to go before the electorate of this country? If ihe does, how does he expect to show them that 10, cents per glass is a reasonable price to pay when the price before this tax was imposed was only 5 cents per glass? I think that he will have some difficulty in convincing them of the justice and righteousness of his cause. I should not mind being pitted against him in any division in Canada where beeT is drunk, he with his advocacy of 10 cents per glass and I with my advocacy of 5 cents per glass..
I would like to refer for a moment to the election in East Elgin. The House will remember that last year a Bill was passed declaring that by-elections must take place within six months after the seat is declared vacant. When 'I introduced my original Bill II had it at sixty days, but when the Bill went into Committee it was urged by the Solicitor General, the present Minister of Militia (Mr. Guthrie) that in the Hudson Bay region and in other remote districts it would be almost impossible to have an election within sixty days, for various geopraph-ical reasons, particularly in winter. The member for Port Arthur and Kenora (Mr. Keefer) pointed out clearly that in his division, if, God forbid, there should be a by-election, it would be absolutely impossible to get the writs out .and have everything done within sixty days, so we finally reluctantly agreed to fix the period at six months. Well, the Government are taking every day of that six .months in connection with the East Elgin by-election. Is that the spirit in /which the matter was discussed at the time? I say that the Government is acting in bad faith in not bringing on that election within a reasonable time. During this entire session there will be no representative from East Elgin, and that division is to be left unrepresented .purely to satisfy the whim or caprice of something ulterior of the Government. These are matters which I leave to the Government to think about, and I feel confident that, when the gravity of the situation with regard to the election is brought before the Government, particularly when it was

promised that that election would be brought on within a reasonable time, they will act at once.
I feel that I have taken up too much of the time of the House. I did not rise to make any set speech; any views that I had at the time the Budget was brought down were so thoroughly discussed previously by hon. members on this side of the House and by Government members, that when I came to speak I was in the position of my good friend the President of the Council (Mr. Rowell), who said that there was nothing left to glean. But my hon. friend found that his gleaning was pretty effective as he spent two hours in discussing matters which he found were of interest. If the President of the Council had to do some gleaning wjien he rose to speak, wha: shall be said of me when I have to speak after the President of the Council ha3 spoken? He has covered the ground thoroughly from his point of view, and I must congratulate him on the speech he made. It was a vigorous fighting speech, and I must say this for the President of the Council, that he evidently forgot that the war was over; this was a speech which he evidently had in stock, and he wanted to get rid of it before the taxation proposals went into effect, fearing that if he had to pay a 10 per cent tax on that speech, he might have to carry it in stock and not be able to dispose of it before it became shelf-worn.
Mr. WILLIAM S. LOGGIE (Northumberland!, N.B.): Mr. Speaker, before I enter upon a discussion of the matter before the House, might I be permitted to extend a word of welcome to the Prime Minister (Sir Robert Borden) who has returned to this House, I hope, so thoroughly restored to health that he may be able to continue in the good work in which he is engaged? May I also express a word of congratulation to the Speaker of the House and to the Deputy Speaker of the House, that they are the first two gentlemen to occupy the Chair in this wonderful chamber of this magnificent building.
Mr. Speaker, as I wander through these spacious halls-marble halls, imay I say?- I am reminded of the conflagration that took place so short a time age and of the wonderful deliverance some members had on that occasion. It is fitting that I should congratulate the people of Canada for giving the lawmakers, of this country, not only the present lawmakers but the lawmakers for generations to come, .such a beautiful chamber to occupy.
May I have this opportunity of congratulating the Minister of Finance (Sir Henry
Drayton) on the Budget that he has presented 'to the House? It is the first Budget that he has delivered as a member of the House of Commons, and it certainly is one of the best that I have ever heard.
Let me refer for just a, moment or two to a statement he made. He told us that for 'the past year he has a surplus of $39,000,000, and in that regard he has done very well. But he told us also that he will require altogether 'about $541,000,000 for the coming year. That, of course, takes up some treasury bills to the extent of $74,000,000, which, I think, mature during the present year. We find from his statement that he expects to receive from the customs $167,000,000 for the current year. But last year, that is the fiscal year ended March 31, 1920, he received from the customs no less a sum than $187,520,613. Those figures clearly isfhow that, over and above any .amount that is added to the customs tax, he is reducing the customs tax during the coming year by an amount of upward of 20 million. And yet the leader of the Opposition (Mr. Mackenzie King) told us this afternoon that the Government had not taken any duties off the necessaries of life. He also said that the Government have taken no steps to .make it possible to relieve the cost of living, and further, that the Government were protecting the profiteers instead of the consuming public. If L were to use unparliamentary language, I could, peihaps, say something that I ouglht not to say, but I will say in the meantime that those statements iare inaccurate. If we have taken off $20,000,000 more than we are putting on through the customs, then surely rwe have reduced the duties. I may be asked, what we are reducing them on. We are certainly reducing them on the necessaries of life. Let .me point to one item of the necessaries of life. For a number of years we have had a war tax o>f 7i per cent on raw cotton, and I am sure that every hon. .gentleman present will admit that cotton textiles are a necessary of life. Do hon. members know how much duty the consuming public paid into the treasury during the past fiscal year on raw cotton? Nearly $3,000,000. Yet, as was pointed out by the President of the Council (Mr. Rowell), during the fifteen years of the Liberal regime a reduction of only about $2,400,000 was made in the way of tarff. taxes. A reduction of some $125,866 has been made in the duty on nails, which are a necessary of life. If you go right through the schedule, you will find that we have reduced the duties on the necessaries of life and, to that extent, have reduced the cost

of living. If that toe true, is it statesmanlike for the leader of the Opposition to say that this Government have not taken any duties off the necessaries of life?
Then he goes onto say that iwe have protected the "profiteers and ignored the consuming public, tout he gives no proof in substantiation of that statement. It is a mere allegation, and so far as I can see it is not in accordance with the facts. The hon. member further says that we tax the middle and poorer classes. Well, of course, it is a matter of dispute as to who are the middle and poorer classes who will pay this tax, but I venture to say that all the people in Canada will share in the benefit that will be derived from the net reduction of $20,000,000. Then the leader of the Opposition says that we are safeguarding the rich and their friends. I do not know what ground he had for that statement, but I can see not the slightest shadow of actual fact in it. *
Now, Mr. Speaker, let me point out what a constructive tariff policy is. The Minister of Finance tells the people of Canada that he intends' to have a thorough revision of the tariff; and, more than that, he tells them on what toasis that revision and investigation will toe made. It is to that point that I wish to direct attention particularly, because if the Minister of Finance carries out his proposal on the basis which he has stated, then I say that the effect will not be such as hasi been suggested by the leader of the Opposition. I say that the policy of the Minister -will tend to reduce the duty on the necessaries of life and will be a step in the direction of relieving the cost of living. I say, Mr. Speaker, that it will not protect the profiteers instead of the consumers, nor will it unduly tax the middle and poorer classes any more than those who are better able to bear taxation. Indeed, Sir, there is every indication that those best able to bear taxation will be asked to shoulder the brunt of it. Now, the first plank in the minister's platform-and this will surely bear out my statements-is an undertaking to prevent the abuse of the tariff for the exploitation of the consumer. I would ask the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding) whether he does not approve of that plank. That hon. gentleman would protect infant industries, tout I am sure he will agree that it is an eminently wise provision of this plank that the consuming public are not to bei exploited'. The first plank of the minister's platform therefore announces the fact that the consumer will be taken care of. The second plank is to stabilize legitimate industries and encour-
age the establishment of new industries essential to the proper economic development of the nation. Perhaps some hon. gentleman will contend that these cannot go together. My view is different; I think they can and ought to go together. As to details of the way in which the matter is to toe carried out I shall have a word or two to say later on.
The next plank is to develop to the fullest extent our natural resources. I am sure there is not much opposition to that on either side of the [House. On the question of developing our natural resources I think we are all at one. The hon. member for Marquette (Mr. Crerar), in order to do that, wants to have the duty taken off agricultural implements. He asks us to take the duty off the instruments of production, but he says not a word about taking the duty off farm products. I cannot see the consistency in this.


Mr. MICHAEL CLARK:: May I tell my hon. friend that the first plank in the platform of the Dominion Council of Agriculture is absolute freedom of all food?


Mr. LOGGIE:: I am very glad to take this opportunity to state that I cannot entertain any such proposal for one moment, and I will give my reasons. There are very many manufactured food products in this country, and if you let goods of that kind in free you will destroy those industries. I challenged the hon. member for Brome (Mr. MdMaster) last year to go to Montreal and tell the Clark Company there that he would let Kansas City and Chicago send in canned goods here free. I contend, Sir, that you connot let these goods in free without destroying the industries.


An hon. MEMBER:: What about fish?


William Stewart Loggie: conditions are abnormal, and the prices of textiles in the United States and in the United Kingdom are practically as high as they are here.
Let me illustrate that in another way.
I was in Winnipeg a few days ago and I went into a knitting factory there, and I was surprised to see them packing up knitted goods to go to New Zealand, goods that were sold at the same price as they were sold to Canadian consumers, or to the Canadian trade. Now, if it he true that that knitting company sold those goods to go to New Zealand, did they not sell them at the world's market value? At any rate they sold them on the basis of the price they could get them for in England, and surely that demonstrates the fact for which I have been contending. Whether they sold them cheaper I do not know-all I know is that the buyers, as business men, were purchasing them to the best advantage, and the goods were going from Winnipeg to New Zealand.
Now this proposal of the Minister of Finance-and it is to my mind the most important fact-stabilizes the general tariff and places 'businesses on a firm foundation. In that policy you have the interest of the consumer, and the industrial life of the country looked after. If you can frame a tariff based on these two principles then I think you can have a stable tariff. You will not get the revenue that is necessary from a stable tariff, but the minister has very wisely proposed a new plan for that purpose; let me tell you, I think it is a very important plan. Before I make any observations as to that let me read what I said last year in that regard, and the extract shall only be a very brief one. My words on the occasion referred to were as follows:
If we frame a tariff and reduce the cost of living' and we are short $50,000,000, how are we to get the money? If you refer to the imports in 1918 you will find that we imported Into Canada about $860,000,0D0 worth of goods, and if we framed an adequate tariff on the basis I have indicated,-and by adequate I mean in the interests of manufacturers and consumers alike-
Mr. Speaker, you will admit, I am sure, that I have not changed my mind this year in regard to the matter; I am arguing to-night exactly the principle I argued last year-
I would add a surtax of, say, 2 per cent on the $80 0vO'O'0,0 00-, and would get $16,000,000 thereby. But I would still be short $34,000,000, and to raise that balance I would; do this. I And by the Canada Year Book of 1918 that we 
manufactured $1,381,547,225 worth of products.
I would put an excise duty of 2 per cent on $1,700,000,000 of Canadian manufactures and obtain $34,000,OOO, and that together with the $16,000,000,000, would give me my $50,000,000.
Now, Mr. Speaker, I have very much pleasure in congratulating the Government upon having adopted a policy that will enable them to get the money they need without interfering unduly with the industrial life of the country. That is to say, they get a portion of the money from the manufacturers and the importer of like commodities must pay that additional tax. It is a fair and businesslike proposition. If our values fall and if our imports decline our tariff may remain stable and you can change the surtax and the excise tax to meet the circumstances in which you find yourself. If you have too much money you can decrease these taxes, and if you have not enough you can increase them without interfering with, and upsetting, the business of the country. I think the minister was wise in not putting any tax on food products. You wil remember, Mr. Speaker, that in the new taxes that we are imposing-the excise tax and the surtax- food products are not included, and yet the leader of the Opposition contends that the Government is taking no steps to make it possible to relieve 'the cost of living. Why, we are raising $90,000,000 of extra revenue, and we are not getting a dollar of it out of the food products. I must say, therefore, that the leader of the Opposition was not at all accurate in his statement. The hon. member did not say upon what his statement was based; he merely made the allegation, and allegations without proof are, of course, not very reliable and do not carry very much weight.
iSome bon. gentlemen thought taxation should be applied to exports. Would it be fair to the manufacturer of this country to pay an export tax when he had to compete with the manufacturer in another country? I think the minister was cautious and wise, and acted the part of a statesman, in not making exports subjects to taxation. ,1 did not suggest these additional exceptions last year, Vhich I think are an improvement-at any rate for the present. The Minister of Finance is imposing a straight tax of one per cent on imports, and proposes to collect an additional one per cent from wholesalers. Personally I would have preferred that a rate of two per cent be levied upon imports, and leave the wholesaler alone; hut the minister has thought it wise to do as stated, and after

all there will not be very much difference. Then again, the ,minister is collecting one per cent from domestic makers, plus one per cent again from the wholesalers. Personally I would have preferred collecting two per cent from the manufacturers. However, I understand there were difficulties in the way, and I can conceive that such is the case. Let me illustrate what I mean; it will only take me a moment. This is my objection to placing the 2 per cent on the manufacturer:	Supposing I
manufacture automobiles, of course I do not make all the component parts that enter into the complete machine and I have to purchase from my friend here rubber tires, and from another manufacturer wheels; those wheels and tires are subject to the excise tax, and when I build them into my automobile the Government will collect another 2 per cent on the finished product. However, I think this anomaly might be rectified in the revision of the tariff, and I am sure the Minister of Finance will consider the matter. I would suggest as a means of overcoming my objection that the manufacturer of the wheels should get his tax .receipt from the Inland Revenue people, and the manufacturer of the tires should do the same, and when the automobile was completed the tax so paid on the parts could Ibe deducted from the excise on the assembled machine. Possibly other commodities would be affected in the same manner. But these are only suggestions, and it gives me a good deal of pleasure to support the proposals made by the Minister of Finance in such a businesslike manner. And I venture the opinion, Mr. Speaker, that when the people understand the financial condition of the country, they will welcome a stable customs tariff on business principles, and will be perfectly willing to bear the burden of these special post-war taxes. Again I say I most heartily approve of the tariff proposals; in my opinion none better could 'be devised.
Now a word or two on the amendment. I submit that to carry out the proposals it contained would be to precipitate this country into chaos. For the present we do not know what commodities we are to reduce the taxation on. If we reduce the duties on grey cotton, white cotton or any other cotton, I do not think the people of this country will be able to buy those commodities any cheaper than they can be purchased under present conditions. If the amendment suggested our taking ten cents off the tea duty, I would say that would be
a step towards reducing the cost of living; but nothing of the kind is suggested. The amendment asks for relief to the consumers and producers, without giving to the people anything tangible whereby that result will be brought about.
Then the amendment proposes to make substantial reductions on the burdens of customs taxation. The Government is doing that. I have already explained that a net reduction of $20,000,000 has 'been made. In effect the amendment asks us to take a leap in the dark,-to take so much off prints, so much off woollen goods, so much off knitted goods-goods, as I mentioned a few moments ago, that we are producing in Canada about as cheap as they are produced in England.
The amendment also proposes to reduce the cost of the instruments of production. Yes, it will reduce the cost of those instruments, I presume, that are used on the farms. But what about the instruments of production for making prints, cottons, knitted goods? The amendment ignores those instruments; they are to be left undei the same duty as they bear at present.
I see my hon. friend from Gloucester (Mr. Turgeon) right opposite, who spoke the other night in this debate, but this amendment does not contain any of his ideas regarding free trade, so he must be running counter to what the amendment proposes; and the same with respect to my hon. friend from Brome (Mr. McMaster), and my hon. friend from Red Deer (Mr. Michael Clark). If the latter were here I would draw his attention to the fact that last year he told hon. gentlemen opposite:
I would as soon look to this side of the Housethat is to your right, Sir.
-for a reduction in tariff as to your left, Mr. Speaker.
I am really sorry that my hon. friend, whom I esteem very much, should go back on that declaration, because under the Government's proposals he will get a real reduction on the necessaries of life,-the very thing he is asking for we are giving to him. What he is voting for is a leap in the dark. I am disappointed,-that is ail I can say in regard to my hon. friend's attitude to-day.
Then again the amendment does not contain a word of how the loss of revenue is to be made up if the proposed reductions in duties are put into effect. In a word, the amendment lacks any practical basis on which the suggested reductions can be

made,-it lacks the earmarks of the declared policy of 'the Liberal party. The President of the Privy Council (Mr. Rowell) made that so clear to-night that I do not think I need enlarge upon it. This amendment, it seems to me, would tend to the destruction of Canadian industry, in that it asks for an immediate reduction under present abnormal conditions without any investigation to determine the practicability of such reduction, so it would be a leap into the unknown future.
To-day the cost of living is not very different here from what it is in the United Kingdom or in the United States, and with textiles in Canada practically as cheap as in those two countries, any reduction in duty would not lower the cost of living. If that be so, then what duties are we to lower in order to reduce the cost of living?
I want to say just a word about the tariff plank in the platform of the Liberal party. The preamble is apparently the same as that set out in the platform of United Farmers. But to me the funny part of it is that a great party should itemize certain articles and ask that they be put on the free list when they are already on the free list. Mr. Speaker, listen: I want to tell you a secret. The Liberal party have asked that nets and net twines be put on the free list, whereas they have been on the free list ever since Confederation. Why do they ask that goods which have been on the free list for a long time be put on the free list? Do you not think Mr. Speaker, that such a course would have a tendency to deceive the reading public? Would the people not conclude that nets and net twines are now on the dutiable list? Would they not conclude that lumber, rough and planed on one side, is also on the dutiable list; that gasolene is now dutiable? Whereas all the items I have mentioned are on the free list? Yet that is part of a plank in the Liberal platform.
Now, the next thing they ask is that the principal articles of food be made free. Evidently the member for Brome (Mr. Me-Master) has been educated since this time last year, because in his amendment of last year he asked that all food products be made free; now the demand is that the principal food products be made free.


Andrew Ross McMaster: We wanted to protect the public from lobsters.


William Stewart Loggie: Allow me to say to the
hon. member that that will not be a very easy matter. If you get a lobster after you you have to look out. In my judgment it is. not practicable in Canada to make all 
the principal food products free. Of course I am referring not to the food products that are now free, but simply to those that are on the dutiable list. I say that it is not practicable to make them all free, because if you did you would destroy a domestic industry.
Now, they ask also that mining, flour and saw-mill machinery and agricultural implements be made free. On what basis are they to be made free? Why do you ask that saw-mill machinery be made free while other machinery shall be dutiable? No basis is submitted, so far as I can see. No provision is made for the continued output of domestic-made machinery; no provision for loss of revenue incurred through abolishing duties; no suggestion for the imposition of duties on the basis of revenue. Perhaps hon. gentlemen are quite right in that, because a tariff for revenue is not practicable at the present time, although hon. gentlemen have argued in favour of it. This platform does not recognize the gigantic annual revenue that is required, nor does it suggest how we should overtake it if it were reduced as is set forth in this platform.
Now, Mr. Speaker, just a word about our friends on the other side at the end of the Chamber. They ask for free agricultural implements; they do not ask that natural products be made free. I have been in conversation with hon. gentlemen from the West who are farmers and they have indicated to me that they do not care whether or not the duty is taken off farm products. But strange to say I have never heard them argue in the House that it would be all right to put all natural products of the farm on the free list. The consuming public of Canada paid into the treasury during the past year on meat products alone duties amounting to $716,271.11; yet hon. gentlemen in their discussions would certainly lead me to believe that farm products were free. I know that wheat and wheat flour are free, but because these products are free and they must look to the world for a market, they think that everything else .should be free and that they should buy wherever they can buy the cheapest. If we are to succeed in this country-and I am sure that it is our destiny to be a great country-first of all we ought to manufacture most of the goods that we consume. No country situated as we are adjacent to the United States can be a great country unless it manufactures most of the commodities which it consumes. The member for Marquette (Mr. Crerar), speaking the other day, said that he saw

no great advantage in our people manufacturing cotton textiles; that we should rather devote our efforts to the production of farm products. I do not want to minimize the importance of farm production, but we cannot all be farmers. If we are to be a successful country, we must pay due attention to our industrial life as well as to our agricultural life. In our legislation respecting the farming interests we must not run counter to the interests of our industries. To my mind the Minister of Finance has set out to take care of these two interests, the consumer, and our industrial life. I cannot see how a saner, a wiser or more courageous proposal could be put before Canada to-day, when we have to obtain a revenue of $500,000,000 annually. We cannot get it through the customs; we must stabilize the tariff and then raise what we are short by an excise and super tax.


Angus McDonald: Mr. .Speaker, I endeavoured previously to catch your eye in accordance with arrangements formerly made by the Whip, and I regret exceedingly that this House seems a little inclined to be inhospitable to the only representative that Labour has sent to this House.


Edgar Nelson Rhodes: 'I did not catch very
distinctly the remarks of the hon. gentleman; but if he is calling in .question the fact that the Chair recognised the hon.. member for George Etienne Cartier (Mr. Jacobs) in preference to himself, I must say that it is an old established practice of this House that where two hon. members rise, preference is always given by the Chair to the hon. member who has sat in the House the longer period, and the Chair knows absolutely no distinction either as between parties or as between representatives who may Ibe on the floor.
Mr. McDONALD. T wish to thank you, Sir, for your kind explanation. II am the latest acquisition, to the House and what the Western man would term a ''tenderfoot" to the rules of Parliamentary procedure. I am like everyone else, human and prone to the mistakes of human nature.
For the last ten days I have listened as attentively as 'I could to speeches on both sides of the House on the Budget. .Some of those speeches T have listened to with a good deal of interest, more of them I have listened to with less interest; but II wish to state right here and now that I listened wih particular interest to one speech, namely, that delivered by the hon. member for
Algoma .East (Mr. Nicholson). I wish to deal with a .few statements made by my hon. friend, .and the first one is to be found in Hansard of May 27, at page 2894-unrevised. edition. This is what he said:
Well, let me say that when my hon. friend's leader, the member for Marquette, entrusted the campaign in Timiskaming to Mrs. Rose Henderson, of Montreal he took good care to see that even his apparent desire to stir up class prejffudice in this country would not be frustrated;
I wish to say candidly and honestly that this is the first intimation that I, as a candidate and as member for Timiskaming, have ever had that the hon. member for Marquette had anything whatever to do with sending Mrs. Henderson into that Riding.


Mr. CALDWELL:: Take it back.


Angus McDonald: I wish also to state
that II do not believe that the hon. member for Algoma East would have made use of such statements had he been in .possession with the facts in connection therewith. The hon. member made this statement:
I say that hon. gentlemen entrusted the conduct of the campaign in Timiskaming to Mistress Rose Henderson, of Montreau. Now, who is Mistress Rose Henderson?
If the hon. member were asking me that question I would tell him that all I know about Mrs. Rose Henderson, was>
that she was. an estimable lady, well spoken of by those who; I have reason to believe, know her best. Far be it from, me to cast any aspersion or reflections on, .anybody who wears the same kind of garments that my mother wore. If there be anything wrong in Mrs. Henderson's career, I know nothing of it, and I would state most emphatically that Mrs. Henderson was in my Riding and worked in my behalf. She was brought in there by the Independent Labour party, not by the hon. member for Marquette.
Another statement made by the hon. member for Algoma East (Mr. >G. B. Nicholson) to which I should like to draw attention is this-:	I	1	,
That is my opinion with regard to the hon. member. But I say that the One Big Union was the organization behind the campaign that elected him to this House, and that the ideals of that Union were preached in every mining camp in that constituency.
On a previous occasion, I made my position very clear in regard to the One Big Union, and it is not necessary for me to reiterate the Statement that I made on that occasion. I am quite well aware of the fact that we have One Big Union men in that riding, but I wish to state most em-
.3040

phatically that that is an erroneous statement, that it is giving a wrong impression of what was extant in that riding at that time and what is extant in that riding .at this time. The One Big Union did not send one delegate to the nominating convention that nominated me, and we never used the One Big Union hall as a campaign committee room, nor as a meeting place, nor in any other manner during that campaign or since. T wish to challenge the hon. member for Algoma Bast to have a committee appointed by this House to look into this matter, if he SO' desires, and to prove to the entire satisfaction of the people of the Dominion of Canada whether I am uttering falsehoods in this House or whether I am telling the .absolute truth. If there be a One Big Union in Cobalt and in the riding of Timiskaming to-day, that is due largely to the dereliction of former governments in this country to do anything for the workingman, and possibly a share of the responsibility in that regard must be assumed by this Government. The hon. member for Algoma 'East made this further statement:
I will go one step further, because I want to make my position absolutely clear. I assert that the One Big Union, whose principles I have just read, was the organization behind the election of the hon. member for Timiskaming, who sits behind the hon. member for Marquette, and who is one of the latter's loyal supporters in this House.
In that connection I wish to say that the Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen), the Minister of Militia (Mr. Guthrie), the Postmaster General .and others, including the hon. member for Algoma East, went into that riding, bidding for that vote. I want to have it remembered that I have no quarrel with any of those hon. gentlemen who went into that riding to solicit votes. That is a privilege that belongs absolutely to them, and I would never be desirous of taking it away from them. It is their prerogative to go into that or any other constituency in this Dominion and solicit votes of 'Canadian and British subjects. But I am also aware of the fact that had the same vote that is being decried in this statement which was made last Thursday been cast in favour of my friend, Major Pullen, the hon. member for Algoma East would have steered absolutely clear of any reference to the matter in any way, shape or form. A little jealousy may enter into this matter. The hon. member for Algoma East was in that riding; he made on platforms in that riding, assertions and statements that the citizens in that constituency
[Mr. McDonald.3
would not stand for. In his speech last Thursday he made this further statement:
As I say, the headquarters of the Independent Labour Party associated with the United Farmers of Ontario, are in the One Big Union hall.
That is another statement that cannot be borne out by the facts nor proved by any court or investigating committee in this land. The One Big Union hall in Cobalt was never used by the Independent Labour party or the Farmers, and I as the member for that riding never made use of the One Big Union hall. The hon. member in his speech goes on to say:
At the present time a suit is pending in the Ontario courts for possession of that particular property. The parties to that suit are, on the one hand, H. J. Everett, an officer of the Independent Labour party, and1, on the other hand, an executive officer of the International Union of see the awful futility of all that sacrifice.
It is true that the president of the local branch of the Independent Labour party in Cobalt is a party to that suit, but is it because he is a One Big Union man? I desire to ask the hon. member for Algoma East (Mr. Nicholson) if he has anything to show that H. J. Everett ever belonged to the One Big Union. I am free to state the reason why he is a party to that suit. It is because he was a trustee of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, and he devoted his time and energy to a purpose the very contrary of that which my hon. friend from Algoma would wish to lead the (House to believe he did.
The hon. member for Algoma East (Mr. Nicholson), in the course of his speech, used this language:
If all the sacrifice of that awful war is for no other purpose than to bring about the condition suggested, then I say that it is in the Providence of God that those boys were taken to their rest before they were forced to live to see the awful futility of all that sacrifice.
I wish to state most emphatically, Mr. Speaker, that I iam one of those Canadian and British subjects that revere the memory of the men who now sleep amidst the weeds and poppies of France and Flanders, and so long as reason remains on her throne 1 will do all I can for the man who went Over There and who was told by the flag-flappers and the so-called patriots of the country that nothing would be too good for them when they returned. I honestly assert that I revere the memory of my hon. friend's son, and I will go further and say that perhaps it is a blessing, so far as that young man is concerned, who sacrificed his life in the cause of democracy, that

he died Over There rather than see his illustrious father trying to saddle an autocracy on this country.
So far as the Budget is concerned, Mr. Speaker, there is no course left me by the rules of the House other than to vote for the amendment of the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding).


Mr. C. B. HARRISON (Nipissing):: 
Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


Mr. DENIS:: If my hon. friends opposite are so anxious to go home iall they have to do is to call a general election to-morrow and they wilj. stay home for a good while. I was not anxious to bring this matter up but it 'is altogether unjust on the Government's part to use their strength, their power and their weight to force this House to sit all night in order to dispose of the Budget debate. I say that it is unjust, and if the people of this country knew what is going on here they would certainly give no credit to the Government for what they are doing.
I do not think I would be fulfilling my duty if I did not join with hon. members who have already offered their congratulations to the Minister of Finance. I disagree with many statements he made, but for several things that he did he is deserving of congratulation, and I take this opportunity of thanking him publicly for the way in which he has treated me in connection with a certain matter which I had at heart and which I was afraid might be brought into the Budget-I mean the tobacco question. It has been rumoured for the past few months that there was to be a change in the duties imposed on raw leaf tobacco, and 'although the Minister of Finance could not commit himself, although he could not tell me as to whether he would or would not make any change in those duties, on the divers occasions on which I had the privilege of meeting him he alwtays received me with am open mind, -and with a great deal of good-will and sincerity, and allowed me to take up a considerable part of his time in the discussion of this question. For that reason I consider he merits my public congratulations, and these I am glad to tender him.
While on this subject let me say that I hope that the duties on tobacco will not be disturbed for some years to come, because this industry is one of the most flourishing we have in Canada. Last year we produced in the neighbourhood of twenty-five million pounds of tobacco which, selling in the neighbourhood of thirty or thirty-five cents, has produced for the people of this country $8,000,000. On the other hand, we are importing a like amount of tobacco from the United States; in other words we are only producing about one-half of what we consume. Under these circumstances, if we take into consideration the fact that it is essential for this country to import as little as possible from the United States-*-especially at this juncture when our dollar is only worth from eighty-five to ninety



cents in the adjoining republic-I think the Government should seize every possible opportunity to aid our people in producing all that they can of articles that are being imported from the United States, in order to reduce importations from that country.
Coming more directly to the subject under discussion, namely the Budget, I read with a great deal of care and attention the speech which was delivered lately by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in England, and this is the way in which he opened his remarks:
It is recognized on all hands that the present financial year is one of capital importance in the history of Europe, and not alone for those nations which emerged victorious from the late world-wide struggle. Eighteen months have elapsed since the preliminaries of peace were signed with Germany, and though peace follows with limping footsteps the time has come when each of us should set his house in order and, not content merely with facing our immediate necessities, should lay broad and deep the foundations of future credit and prosperity.
Sir, such were the words that were uttered by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in England, and I think they constitute a guiding principle not only for the United Kingdom but for Canada as well. These words of the great English statesman are worthy of our solemn attention. Let us now see how they apply to Canada. The Chancellor of the Exchequer says that the time has come when each of us should set his house in order.
Does this Budget provide for that emergency? Certainly to set our house in order when the national debt is over $2,250,000,000, our expenditures, to say the least, should be met by our revenue. Has this been accomplished? I must say that from my point of view it unfortunately has not. Beading the Budget speech delivered by the Minister of Finance one would be inclined to think that we were meeting our expenditures by our revenues. This is how the minister expresses it:
With the total revenue of $388,000,000, and an ordinary expenditure of $349,0'00,0>00, it will be seen that during the fiscal year 19191920', the Government, after meeting all ordinary expenditure, including an increased amount for interest account and pensions over the previous year totalling nearly $'39,0,00,,000 has a surplus of approximately $ S<9',0 OiO.'O'O'O' over ordinary expenditure to apply to capital expenditure.
As I have said, on the face of it it would seem as though, leaving aside for the moment the enormous debt created by the war, and taking ordinary expenditures only, this country's finances were in a prosperous condition; but I am sorry to say that the facte are in direct opposition to the state-

ment made by the hon. minister. Before going further, I wish to eay, in order to avoid any misunderstanding, that I do not for a moment question the truthfulness of the statement made by him in so far as that statement is derived from the books of hie department. But those books do not tell the whole truth. Technically they do; practically they do not, as I will demonstrate in a moment. The Minister of Finance says that we have a surplus of $39,003,000 over ordinary expenditures. On the contrary, I contend that we have an enormous deficit on both ordinary and extraordinary expenditure. I eay further that the financial statement this year is the most discouraging that has ever been submitted either during or before the war.
A few days ago the hon. member for 'Cape Breton North (Mr. McKenzie) brought out the fact which, so far, to my knowledge, has not been controverted by the Government, that our revenue is composed of two parts, and that if we take the whole of our revenue we should compare it with the whole of our expenditure. In other worde, we have our ordinary revenue, and we have our extraordinary revenue, or the revenue which ie derived from the iwar taxes. The extraordinary revenue in this case, according to . the figures given by the hon. member, was $ 11-8.000,000 for last year. Consequently if we subtract this amount, our ordinary revenue, instead of being $388,000,000, becomes $270,000,003, so that instead of having a surplus of $39,000,000 we have a deficit of $79,000,000.
I will now make a comparison between the expenditure'and revenue for this year and the expenditure and revenue for past years. I have prepared a statement which is based upon the Budget speeches made during the last five years. It would have been more accurate, doubtless, if I had taken my figures from the Public Accounts, but as these figures which I am about to quote have been given in the Budget speeches each year, I thought it was preferable to use them:
.	Surplus
		Expenditure	Rev. over
		ordinary	ordinary
Year.	Revenue.	account.	expenses.1916 . .	$170,00'0,00'0	$ 93,5'OOyO-OO	$70 ,'500,0001917 . .	232,(M>0,'0'0'0	14 5,000,'000	87,000,0001918 ..	258,000,909	173,000,000	8i5,000,0001919 ..	310,000,000	2 4'0,00 0,000	70,000,0001920 . .	388,000,000	3 4 9-, 000,000	39,0001,000
So that this year our surplus!-if surplus there be-is very much smaller than the surplus which we find for each of the preceding four years.

Now, taking the figures again from the Budget speech delivered each year, I find that for 1916 the revenue over ordinary and capital expenditure was $46,009,000; in 1917 $60,000,000; in 1918	$55,000,000; in 1910
$48,000,000 but in 1920 we have a deficit of $31,730,912.
Those items, Sir, tend to prove that not only are we not meeting our expenditures, but that we have this year at least a deficit; and if we take the accounts as submitted by the Minister of Finance we might find that we have had a deficit in each of the past years. For instance, he has told us that $337,000,000 was lost by the fact that the country could not get anything from the items composing that sum. These items in past years served to demonstrate that we had a surplus; but now that they are stricken off they serve to demonstrate that instead of having a surplus each year we had a deficit.
It had been my intention, Sir, to speak at greater length, but at this time of the night I do not think it would be reasonable for me to proceed further. The Government should by all means try to meet the country's expenditure .by its revenue, and in order to do that its first duty, in my estimation, would be to see that no public service be subsidized. I mean that no public service should have its deficit made good from the Treasury. In England, where there was a deficit in the operation of the postal service, the postal rates have been increased. In Canada the postal service has also shown a deficit, but the service in connection with which there has been the greatest deficit is the railways, and I submit that in order to make good this deficit the Government should increase the rates. Each public service should pay its own expenses, and until we make up our minds that this shall be done I do not think that we can achieve any practical results.
Upon Mr. Currie and Mr. Campbell rising in their places at the same time:


Georges Henri Boivin: Mr. Campbell has the floor.


John Allister Currie: Well, Mr. Speaker


Georges Henri Boivin: Mr. Campbell's name is next on the list supplied by the Whips.


John Allister Currie: I may say that there was a ruling by Mr. Speaker when he was in the Chair a short time ago to the effect that the senior member takes the floor first. A complaint was made and he settled the difficulty in that way.
193i


Georges Henri Boivin: I was not in the House at the time and have no knowledge of the ruling given by Mr. Speaker. The only name on the list before me at the present time is that of Mr. Campbell. That is why I recognized the hon. member for Prince Albert and gave him the floor.


John Allister Currie: I am quite willing that
Mr. Campbell should proceed. I may say, however, that I have waited all through this week for an opportunity to speak but could not do so because I had a bad throat. Now I have to be put last on the list.


Georges Henri Boivin: I will see the hon. member (Mr. Currie) next on that side of the Chamber.


Mr. J. A. CAMPBELL (Nelson):: Mr. Speaker, I may say in that connection that I was told that I came on next; I have had the place for some little time. I certainly do not want to interfere with anybody else.
I was about to remark that it was not my intention and it is certainly not my intention now, to discuss the Budget in detail, the time being two-thirty in the morning. But I have a few observations to make in connection with two of the main features of the Budget.
In connection with the direct taxes that have been imposed by the Finance Minister (Sir Henry Drayton) I may say that I have no quarrdl with the Government in regard to the principle of direct taxation; I think that the idea is all right. Taxation along this line should have been imposed long before this. It is not with the general policy in this matter, however, that the chief difficulties may arise; any criticism in connection with these taxes would rather be in respect to the carrying out of the idea and the collection of the tax in a satisfactory manner. These taxes have been named "luxury taxes." It seems to me that that is a wrong name. Either changes will have to be made in the taxes, or some other name will have to be applied to them. The ques-. tion of boots and clothing has been discussed; I am, in the main, in conformity with those who have criticized the minimum taxable on these goods. But I would like to add another to this list; there is a matter of furs. Out in the West particularly, and perhaps in the northern part of the West, the wearing of furs is not a luxury; it is the next thing to a necessity. I think I am correct in saying that the minimum amount upon which the tax is collected in connection with fur garments is $100. It is absolutely impossible to get any kind of fur garment that is wearable for that sum or even

considerably more. I assume that this matter will be discussed in detail when we get into committee; doubtless the minister will see his way clear to make some variations in connection with some of these matters.
It has also been drawn to my attention that this tax bears very heavily on some particular lines and will have the effect of putting out of business some people who are engaged in perfectly legitimate businesses. I shall not go into the details at this time.
There are also in connection with this taxation onerous conditions. I would refer the Government to the case of canoes which are required by prospectors, miners, trappers, traders and so on. As I recall it, the tax must he paid when the canoe is purchased, and on proper representations being made that this article is to be used for trading or other purposes of a similar nature, the tax may be refunded. I would simply point out to the Finance Minister that when a trapper or prospector gets a canoe he usually wishes to take it a long way from the place of purchase. It is notorious that questions of refund are slow in being dealt with, and if a man purchases a canoe in this -way it is not likely that he will'be able to get a refund of the tax until perhaps a number of months afterwards. This works upon the purchaser an unnecessary hardship and I suggest that arrangements be made by which the purchaser may hand in to the merchant at the time of purchase the declaration referred to, in order that he may take the canoe away and have the whole transaction closed.
But I take it that the chief difficulty in connection with a tax of this kind is in its collection. As in the case of the income tax I am afraid that the collection of this tax will be unduly expensive. A telegram from the Retail Merchants Association of Canada has been handed to me since I sat dowm here this evening. It is despatched from Vancouver, and reads in part as follows:
Proposed luxury taxes meeting with intense antagonism from public and will result in many proposed taxes not being collected unless Government employ host of inspectors and collectors entirely out of proportion to amount collectable. Retail trade unanimously of opinion only logical way to collect such tax is through manufacturer or importer.
Without entering upon any further discussion of this matter, I wotfld be inclined to agree with the terms of that telegram.. I sincerely hope that when the matter is taken up in committee some variation will be made to meet the difficulty. I may say 
that I personally know that these taxes are not in all cases being collected. Not very long ago I had a conversation in the city of Winnipeg with a merchant whom I know well,-he does not live there. He told me -by the way, this was some days after the proposals of the Finance Minister had been brought down-that he had paid no attention up to that time to the directions contained in the Budget, had collected no taxes, and did not know when he was going to start. I am afraid that this situation is altogether too common throughout the country and that there is going to be great difficulty in collecting these taxes under the plan as proposed. I trust that some more efficient scheme will be worked out under which they can be looked after with the least possible trouble and expense.
The main feature, however, of the Budget proposals so far as I am concerned is the question of the tariff. Unfortunately I was absent from the House at the time of the delivery of the Budget Speech. I was on business in the West, public business, as a matter of fact,-and did not hear the speech delivered, nor did I have an opportunity of listening to a number of others which were delivered shortly after. But I have read some of these, and from what I have read and from what I have heard since my return I have come to the conclusion that the one outstanding feature in connection with these tariff proposals is that the Government is committed to a policy of protection. It may be called by various names, but it would appear to be what has hitherto been known as the National Policy. I gather this more, perhaps, from statements made by members on this side and from press comments than from any statement made in the Budget Speech itself. The speeches of hon. members on this side would appear to convey conclusively to my mind that that is the stand which the Government takes and which members on this side wish them to take. As to newspaper comments, I simply refer you to the following -which appeared in the Ottawa Journal shortly after the Budget Speech was delivered:	It said that the Unionist
tariff policy as shown in the Budget
-is the Ola N.P. brought up to date and camouflaged a little to break the news gently in certain quarters.
The disguise is not very apparent to me, the policy sems to have been quite openly stated. I wish to state frankly and fairly to the House that I am not in favour of this policy; I have opposed it on numerous

occasions hitherto, and I see no good reason for changing my attitude at this particular time.
On the other hand, I am not a supporter of a strictly free-trade policy. I do not think there is any issue at the present time between extreme protection and absolute free trade. Some time ago, in a debate on the railway question, I had the temerity to state that I did not think the matter of public ownership was an issue at all, notwithstanding the fact that very learned speeches were being delivered pro and con. A similar situation exists now. We speak of protection and of free trade; but the issue at the present time is between those who believe in what may be called adequate protection or reasonably high protection and those who believe in a tariff mainly for revenue. I differ from the hon. member for Macdonald (Mr. Hen-ders) in'his designation of what protection really means. There is a vast difference between a tariff for revenue with incidental protection and a protective policy which is mainly intended for protective purposes and which may or may not result in revenue for the country. I do not think there ,are in this House any hon. members who are in favour of the kind of protection which has beep described as being as high as Hainan's gallows, or if there are any, there are very few; nor have I heard anybody come out and out absolutely in favour of a free-trade policy. Therefore, I take it that when hon. gentlemen refer to free trade, they are referring to that term in its popular meaning or usage which covers a tariff for revenue purposes with, perhaps, occasional incidental protection. Ais has been pointed -out by the hon. member for Neepawa (Mr. Davis), the issues in connection with matters of this kind have been somewhat mixed. I have listened carefully to some speeches, and I find the effect of tariff, prohibition, slow work, lack of proper machinery and various other things have all been confused. The hon. member for Neepawa traced out the situation as regards Germany and pointed out just wherein protection affected the situation and wherein the situation was affected by other things. I had intended to discuss that question, but I will not do so as it has already been dealt with effectively by that hon. member.
One hon. member, in speaking the other day, pointed out that England had a policy which was bringing about her decadence, and from which serious results were likely
to follow, and he said that the last thing that Canada should do would be emulate that policy. Before concluding his speech, if I recollect correctly, he produced a list of about four pages of articles in which he showed that Great Britain had imposed a considerable tariff, and then intimated that that country was not such a free-trade country as we had been led to believe.
Another matter in which some confusion existed was with regard to the situation in England in connection with steel. An hon. member, in' discussing the question of production of steel in Great Britain, the falling off that has taken place there and the question of whether Great Britain would ever again be able to compete with the United States and other countries, stated to me that one of the reasons why steel production in Great Britain was not on the same plane it had been formerly was on account of what is generally known as " slow work;" that the workmen did not produce as well nowadays as they did in previous times, and in that connection he referred to an' incident regarding a certain piano firm which did business in London and which was compelled to quit because it was not able to manufacture at a profit. He intimated that this firm had stated, in an announcement which was made when they decided to go out of business, that whereas before the war started it used to take five men a certain length of time to manufacture one piano, it now took twenty-three men to do in the same time the same quantity of work; or in other words, it cost more now to polish	a piano
than it did to manufacture a whole piano several years ago. Soane people in relating that incident would give us to understand that this piano firm went out of business and that the steel situation was bad, simply because of the trade policy of the country-which would be most erroneous.
I might discuss the question of mergers, balance of trade and so on; but at this time I shall refrain from doing so. What stares us in the face at the present time is the question-what is to be the trade policy of Canada from now on? This is a period of reconstruction; we are at present confronted with new conditions, and the question that we must face is, as I said, whether we are to continue the old policy under these new conditions, or find a new policy which will be more appropriate to present conditions. Whatever may be said in favour of policies that existed in times past, what we need at the present time is

a policy of development along natural lines where the maximum revenue will result with the minimum of burden on the shoulders of the poorer classes. In this connection we, of course, must take into consideration the experience of other countries. It is in order for us to adopt those schemes which we think have been beneficial to other countries and have worked out well and to avoid the mistakes that other countries have committed. To adopt the policy of the United States holus-bolus, because the United States appears to have prospered, or on the other hand to adopt the policy of Great Britain, because a certain amount of prosperity has resulted therefrom, or to refuse to adopt the policy of Great Britain because some hon. gentlemen have said that conditions in that country are not as good as they were some time ago, is not reasonable. The fact that Great Britain has a free trade policy may or may not mean anything in particular to us. The fact of the matter is that conditions in Canada are so entirely different from conditions in England that, while Great Britain might prosper under one policy, Canada might be more prosperous under another policy. At the present time the main industry in Great Britain-how that came about I shall not discuss-is that of manufacturing, whereas in Canada the basic industry is undoubtedly that of agriculture. The situations are entirely different. In the United States great industries have been built up. It may be that the protective ^policy of the United States has had a good deal to do with the building up of those industries, although I am not so sure about that. It is quite possible that those or even greater industries might have resulted had the policy been different. At any rate it is unquestioned that in connection with the greatest industry in the United States, namely, that of steel, during a considerable period of time, owing to the protective policy, consumers of steel had to pay almost twice as much they otherwise would have had to do. This was the period of in the system in the United States, so that the railways cost a great deal more than they otherwise would have done, and it may be that we now sec a reflection of this in recent developments railway construction in the United States, It is a very complex situation and I only wish to reiterate that we cannot credit the progress that the United States has made to their tariff. There are various other considerations to be taken into account. I have not the paper with me, but I read in the 
Saturday Evening Post of a few weeks ago an editorial in which the writer expressed the opinion that it was questionable whether the policy pursued by the United States in the past had been in the best interests of that country. He raised the question concerning the situation of the agricultural class and the opinion was expressed that the farming community had undoubtedly suffered as a result of the tariff policy in that country. The policy for Canada is to make the most of the natural advantages which we have. A father raising a family does not now do what I am told was done in days gone by. He does not allocate one member of the family to the ministry, another to law and another to the military profession and train them up for these vocations irrespective of their particular adaptability to the .work which they will have to perform. The responsible father who has a family to look after now uses his utmost endeavours to ascertain for what particular occupation each child is peculiarly adapted, and he trains his children along the lines in which they give evidence of adaptability. If this policy is pursued there will be experts in the country, and that is what we desire; and the same kind of policy that is adopted by an intelligent father with reference to the education of his children should be followed in the development of the country. Agriculture being the basic industry of the country, the industry which we are in the best position to prosecute, the industry in connection with which we are in advance o-f every other country, or at .any rate, of most other countries, qualitatively and in extent; the western plains of Canada being the future granary of the world if a proper policy is pursued; it would seem to me that the line of action this House should take would be to do everything possible to take the utmost advantage of that and allied industries in connection with the development of the natural resources of the country. The farmer asks no help in this connection, but it is only fair and reasonable that no handicap should be placed in his way to hamper his operations. He does not ask for protection, but on the other hand it is unfair that other industries should be protected to his disadvantage. I fail to see the logic of the situation. Items of food, the necessities of life, should be on the free list, or be so dealt with as to have a minimum of tariff against them. In this respect I desire to draw the attention of the House to some of our natural resources, especially minerals. Next perhaps to the farming industry, mining is the most

important of the natural industries of the country. A short time ago I had on the Order Paper a resolution to which I intended to speak, but I did not get the opportunity to do so and I withdrew it, and that is one of the chief reasons why I am taking up some time to-night. That resolution was as follows:
That, in the opinion of this House, it is in the interests of Canada in connection with the development of its natural resources that all machinery required to mine, recover and market the mineral resources of Canada (including oil and gas) shall be placed on the Free List in the Customs Tariff.
I .am of the opinion that it would be the part of wisdom fo.r the House to pass a resolution of that kind and for the tariff to he modelled along those lines. At the present time a great many instruments used in mining are on the free list; but, in the first place, some of the instruments in the tariff schedules are not free, and secondly,
I would point out that there have been developments within recent times evolving new implements whidh are not provided for by these tariff items. I do not propose to go into the details; I will simply say that one imporant mineral that does not seem to have been properly taken into account in these tariff schedules- is oil. It is questionable whether machinery that is- indispensable to the discovery and development of oil can be brought in under the schedules as they at present stand, and an amendment in this connection sihbuld undoubtedly be made. That, however, is a matter that can be taken up in committee.
Something has been said m regard to the political aspect of the situation in connection with the tariff. Now, when I say that I am opposed to the policy that has been put forward by the Government, which means that I shall perforce vote for the amendment submitted by the hon. member for Shelburne and Queens (Mr. Fielding), I must state that I shall t-ake this step simply on the merits of the case, and because I think that the amendment is- along the correct lines which Canada should follow at the present time. As to whether it will be put into operation by one party or the other is a matter that does not concern me now. The fact that -a certain party was in power for a member of years and did not carry out all its tariff pledges is not a sufficient reason why I should vote against principles which I have held for some time, and support a tariff policy entirely at variance with my ideas. .1 am free to confess that I was not satisfiied with what had been
done under the Laurier regime in regard to relieving the tariff burden, and I might state that had it not been for the reciprocity policy introduced in 1911 I am satisfied that I would not have supported that Government at that time. I might discuss this question at further length, but time forbids.
There is, however, a question which I desire to take up and which is indirectly connected with the Budget, and that is the question of the development of our natural resources; and I wish particularly to refer the transfer to the Prairie Provinces of their natural resources. I had intended to discuss this- matter in another way but I -have not hitherto had an opportunity to do so, nor is it likely that I shall otherwise have that opportunity. There can hardly be too much stress placed upon the importance of developing the natural resources of the country. The results of su-ch development are numerous. One of them is the creation of wealth. We have heard a great deal about the illimitable resources of Canada .and of what use they will be in paying off our national debt. But if they are left in their present state they will be of no advantage to us. Only by full development can they be of advantage to the country directly or indirectly. I am thoroughly convinced that we have great and almost-boundless resources, although as a matter of fact they have never been carefully surveyed. That as my impression, and I regret that time does not allow me to give an account of some of these to the House. But the point remains that unless a policy is adopted which will result in the development of these resources we might as well not have them at all. In the second place this development will provide raw materials as the basis for industry. Such development will help to -adjust exchanges and if these resources which exist in the western provinces are developed and industries spring up as a result thereof, we will have a situation in the west similar to that which exists in the east.
My point in connection with this is that the Government does not appear to have any policy regarding the development of these important resources. The hon. member for Fort William and Rainy River (Mr. Manion) introduced a resolution in which he called upon the Government to formulate a definite policy in regard to these resources.
A necessary prerequisite, in my opinion, to the formulation of a -sound policy of development is the settlement of the ulti-

mate control of the natural resources of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. An anomalous situation exists at the present time with reference to these resources. The situation is such that development is being retarded. The question is up in the air. The provinces will not do very much in connection with these resources because they do not control them and the Dominion does not take such steps as we think advisable because it is in the realm of probability that the resources will ultimately be transferred to the provinces.
I have been endeavouring to find out where the Government stands in this, connection. Before the election of 1911 the present right hon. Prime Minister (Sir Robert Borden), made the promise that these resources should be transferred to the provinces. I did not hear the promise made myself but I. take the word' of the hon. member for Regina (Mr. Cowan) who stated in the House a few weeks ago that such a promise had been made. The transfer of the resources to these provinces was definitely promised in the manifesto issued by the party of which the present Prime Minister was then the head. In the House some time ago I asked some questions in regard to this matter and these are the questions and answers:
Mr. Campbell:
1.	Was any definite promise ever made by the Government or any member thereof to transfer the natural resources of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba to these provinces?
2.	If so, was any condition attached to such promise which would affect other provinces by way of re-adjustment of subsidies or otherwise?
3.	Is the Government of the opinion that the other provinces have any interest or equity in the resources of the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba?
4.	If such promise was made is it the intention of the Government to carry out the terms thereof? If so, when?
5.	If not, does the Government not think that it would be in the public interest to make a definite statement to this effect and thus put an end to the uncertainty which at present exists?
6.	Is the proper development of the natural resources of these provinces not being seriously handicapped and retarded by delay and uncertainty in this connection?
Sir George Poster:
1.	The policy announced by the Prime Minister wras and is to transfer the natural resources of the provinces on such fair terms as can be arranged. The necessity of fair terms and the interests of other provinces arises from the fact that when the provinces in question wrere created in 190>5 a special subsidy in lieu of those resources was granted them.
2.	Answered by No. 1.
3.	Answered by No. 1.

4.	Yes, as soon as possible.
5.	Answered by No. 4.
t>- The Government is not aware of such retardation.
Referring to the last question I can hardly understand the 'Government making an answer of that kind as it seems to be palpable to any man studying the question that the situation must result in the retardation of the development of these resources. The difficulties in the way created by this situation have prevented development in certain important instances.
This question was discussed thoroughly at several meetings of western members on this side of the House and a committee was named to draft a report. That report, which was submitted to these Western members and adopted, unanimously, has been placed before the Government. It is as follows:
Ottawa, April 30, 1920.
Report of Special Committee on Natural Resources.
In the opinion of your Committee the question of the development of Canada's natural resources is one of the most important before the country at the present time. The financial condition of Canada makes a definite policy in this respect of immediate concern.
A necessary prerequisite to any satisfactory national policy herein is the definite settlement of the question of the ultimate control of the natural resources of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
The Government has recently announced that it is, and has been, its policy since the Government was formed to transfer to these Prairie Provinces their natural resources, on such terms as will be equitable to the other Provinces, and is apparently deferring action in this connection until such time as representatives of all the Provinces shall meet together and agree on a scheme or basis of transfer.
Such agreement is no nearer being reached than it was eight years ago, nor does there appear to be any likelihood of a settlement of the question being arrived at in this way in the future, near or remote.
The question is solely one between the Western Provinces and the Dominion. The Dominion Government is possessed of all the data in connection therewith and is in the position, and is the proper party to work out and1 present to the Western Provinces for acceptance an equitable scheme or proposal for the transfer to these Provinces of natural resources of said Provinces according to the promise made to them by the Prime Minister.
Therefore, your Committee recommend that representations be made to the Government that it is imperative in the interests of the country as a whole, and particularly with reference to the development of its natural resources, that the question of the ultimate control of the natural resources of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba be settled immediately, and that the Government take the necessary steps forthwith to have this done.
Respectfully submitted.

' As I said before there is no string to the promise of the Prime Minister as far as I ean learn or to the pledge contained in the platform of the party of which he is the leader. If there were any conditions attached it is up to the Prime Minister to state definitely what they were. If conditions have arisen since that promise was made which prevent him from carrying out the promise, or if conditions have arisen which make it advisable that these resources should not be transferred, it is in order for the Prime Minister to make a statement and then we will know what the situation is and shall be governed accordingly.
The question cannot be settled until it is settled right. It may be a debatable question as to whether these resources should be handed over to the provinces or not but certainly there is no question as to the desirability of having the matter settled definitely and having it' settled
3 a.m. right away. There has undoubtedly been serious loss caused by the delay. Whether they shall be handed over to the provinces or not now, the transfer must ultimately take place in order to put these provinces on the same basis as the other provinces of the Dominion. Therefore, if eventually, why not now?
It has been argued that there is a legal reason why these resources must be handed over. It is that the British North America Act did not contemplate such a thing as. a landless province. It is contemplated by the British North America Act that all the provinces shall be on an equal footing. Such is not the case in this resipect. There is a national reason why these resources should be handed over because it is in the interest of Canada as a whole that this matter should be removed from further discussion. The question has certainly been complicated by bringing the other provinces into the discussion. My contention is that the other provinces have no right to a say in reference to the disposal of these resources than the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba have to a say in the disposal of the resources owned and controlled by any other province. A mistake was made by calling the other provinces in for consultation in the first instance. The Government should take the matter in hand forthwith and submit a proposal to the western provinces which the Government itself believes to be a satisfactory and reasonable one and in accord with promises made.
If it is not accepted it means that the resources will stay where they are and this Government can then formulate a policy in regard to their development. I had contemplated dealing with one or two other questions of interest to the Western country at this particular time, particularly the Hudson Bay railway, but as I may have an opportunity to do so- again, and as the hour is very late, I shall defer any further discussion until another time.


Mr. ANDREW KNOX (Prince Albert):: Mr. Speaker, it is not my intention at this hour of the morning to occupy very much time, but I feel that I would not be doing .my duty to my constituents or to myself if I did not put myself on record in connection with the Budget.
In the first place I wish to' congratulate the Minister of Finance upon at least making an effort by direct taxation for the purpose of paying our way, instead of going on increasing our enormous national piebt. The Minister of Finance being a man for whom I have a great regard, I am sorry he was not been better advised as to how he should have placed that direct taxation. Had he followed the platform of the National Progressive party he would have adopted measures which would have secured a further considerable sum, and at the same time would have given relief to the great masses of the people, both urban and rural, at present oppressed by the high cost of living. For there is no doubt in my mind, Mr. Speaker, that if the tariff were reduced to a much lower level than it is to-day on many articles it would not only reduce the cost of living, tout would bring in a great deal more revenue-that is revenue to the Government and not to the manufacturers.
A few minutes ago the member for Northumberland (Mr. Loggie) spoke of some protection which the fanners were being benefited by. I am not sure of the figures which he quoted, but as far as I could gather the hon. member meant to say that some $700,000 of revenue had been received in connection with this article produced by the farmers. Now, Mr. Speaker, this is not pro^ tection for the farmer in any shape or form. It is protection for the packer. In proof of that I may say that the farmer sells his meat on. the open market, and if this money is collected from cured meats shipped into Canada it goes to prove-knowing as I do that our cattle and hogs in the West are very often shipped to the American markets-that the American packer is buying the Canadian product, curing it, and shipping it back into Canada again which.

after paying the duty, appears to me, is not very creditable to our Canadian packers. However, I will let it go at that. The member for West Peterborough (Mr. Burnham) said that the present Budget is the greatest combination of free trade and protection that he has ever known. The protection is there all right, but up to the present I have been unable to discover just where the free trade part of it comes In. In so far as I can see the protected interests are not interfered with in any way by the Budget.
I feel that the best thianks of the Progressive party are due to hon. gentlemen on the Government as well as on the Opposition benches for the attention given to our group, as the attacks in which they have indulged, unwarranted as they are, will have the effect of focusing public thought on the policy and platform of the Progressive party on which the broad light of day is always welcome. I particularly wish to thank the hon. member from Brantford (Mr. Cockshutt) for the new name, "Levites" which he has applied to us. The Levites, Mr. Speaker, as no doubt you are aware, were the spiritual advisers and leaders of the children of Israel when they were going through their period of re-establishment and reconstruction-in other words they were the "little leaven which leaveneth the whole lump," and I congratulate the hon. member upon his keen foresight in recognizing the same distinctions, comparisons and functions for this small but growing group. But, Mr. Speaker, I would rather, very much rather, be a Levite than a parasite, for the name parasite is the most fitting I can think of for those who draw their profits from the consuming public of this country under the shelter of a protective tariff.
I do not consider it wise to go into the different phases of the Budget, as they have been dealt with from almost every angle, but 1 would say that during 1a recent trip West I found continual adverse criticism with respect to it and I have received a large number of letters and telegrams along the same line.
I deplore the attacks made on the hon. member for Marquette (Mr. Crerar), notably those made by the member for Vancouver Centre (Mr. Stevens), the member for St. John (Mr. Elkin), the member for Algoma Eiast (Mr. Nicholson), and the member for South Oxford (Mr. Sutherland). Apropos of that I wish to read a short editorial from the Winnipeg Tribune of May 29, and in passing let me point out that this paper

is owned and operated by the hon. member for Springfield (Mr. Richardson) whom I congratulate upon the fairness ot the article, and I cannot help but think that this expresses the feeling of many- -in fact a large majority-of those sitting ;n the Government side. The article in question is headed, "Unfair Talk," and reads as follows :
Charging that Hon. T. A. Crerar, leader of the Farmers' Party, is "associated with the Bolshevik party"-as a press heading puts it- or characterizing the farmers as a dangerous class, politically, is just common, ordinary rot.
Ton; Crerar has been able to hold) his head up among the people of Western Canada for many years. And there is no sign that he is other than a good Canadian, and worthy of the highest respect. Mr. Crerar takes his stand, out in the open, on certain fair political ground. He invites attack, and he may be open to attack, but away with the petty, personal stuff. It is cheap and unworthy in a discussion of the great principles which should enter into the government of the nation. Let us have fair play and the elimination of all pettiness of spirit.
This goes to show, Mr. Speaker, that the people who really know the hon. member for Marquette, and are honest about it, will not stand for the tactics adopted by the members whom I have mentioned, to say nothing of the cheap, petty spirit which they have displayed, and to which, Mr. Speaker, only the rules of the House prevent me from giving its proper name.
Now, Mr. Speaker, I would like to diverge a little from this much-hashed subject, and to say that in some measure I agree with the Hon. Minister of Finance, and I admire the spirit of optimism which he displayed when he said that he does not believe that the job ahead -of this country is a bigger job than Canada can look after. I certainly agree with him in that, but T believe we will have to change our method of procedure, and instead of developing our unnatural resources-as we have been trying to do for the last forty years-we should give a little attention to our natural resources. Mr. Speaker, it is now a few days more than thirty years since I landed in Canada. At that time Canada had, roughly speaking, a population of five millions of people. I was an optimistic young man in those days, Mr. Speaker, and had great visions of Canada's future. In thirty years' time the natural increase should have brought ou rpopulation to at least eight millions. During that time we had three millions added by immigration.
Yet, Sir, we find to-daj'- that our population is still in the neighbourhood of eight millions. Surely this is proof positive that something is radically wrong. And my theory is

that when a wrong is proven to exist, we are not doing our duty if we do not try to set it right.
In the Northwest-and I have particularly in mind that part of Saskatchewan which I have the honour to represent, and which I might say in passing is one of the largest constituencies in the Dominion, and in which during my 30 years farming there I have not seen- one crop failure-there is room for millions-in the northern portion of my riding, there are vast stretches of unoccupied lands, almost unexplored lands, which await the railway and the settler- I put the railway first, because we have already extended settlement from the present railways as far as it is possible to operate. Many farmers are hauling their wheat 30 and 40 miles, from north of Prince Albert, and the same may be said with regard to Melfort and Tisdale; in fact, wheat is coming to Tisdale from a distance of 50 miles. Another thing that the people of my constituency ask for is the completion of the Hudson Bay Railway.
It is well known that there are great stretches of land fit for grazing and there is plenty of hay for stock extending for 150 miles north of Prince Albert. I am so confident of the possibilities of this northern country that I have persuaded the hon. Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen) to attach a fully qualified man to the Indian Treaty party which is going north from Prince Albert in a few days, so that he may report on the agricultural and other natural resources now lying dormant there.
In conjunction with this, I believe we should institute a sound immigration policy, making a speciality of the immigrant who is willing to settle on the land, knowing that the development of the mines, forests ' and fisheries will naturally follow. And I may say that we have all of these natural resources in the territory which I have described. But to enable these natural industries to prosper, it is essential that if they cannot be given encouragement, they at least should not be penalized by having a heavy customs tariff on their instruments of production. That is where the platform of the National Progressive party would come in with advantage, and I have no hesitation in recommending it to the attention of this House as something which much better suits the needs of Canada to-day than either the present budget or the amendment. However, Mr. Speaker, as the rules of the House prevent a further amendment, which this party would gladly have offered along the lines. I have mentioned, I find myself
in the position of having to choose between two evils, and as I believe that the sentiment of the people, both urban and rural, whom I represent coincide with my own views I shall vote for the amendment.


John Allister Currie: It is my misfortune, Mr. Speaker, owing to a sore throat and other disabilities, thait I have been unable to take any part in this debate until this late hour, and therefore I do not wish to unduly delay the House as I know hon. members are all anxious to vote and get home. But the fact remains that this is the most important Budget that has been brought to the attention of this House since 1879, and as we have reversed all our previous ideas and preconceived notions of how taxes are to be imposed, I do not think that a little further discussion on this question will be lost to the House or to the country.
It is extremely fortunate that ever since Confederation one of our great parties has been opposed to the policy of developing our natural resources, and has been inclined to favour free trade, and on almost every occasion on which it has appealed to the country it has done so in a spirit of antagonism to our manufacturing interests. But the question now before the House is not a question of protection versus free trade, because the Government of the day has virtually conceded every tax that would be necessary if we had free trade in this country and I have not noticed very much objection taken to them by either of the two parties on the opposite side of the House, while on this side I have heard speeches tending towards the view that after we have had an investigation of our tariff by a commission of necessity the tariff must be reduoed.
The hon. minister (Mr. Rowell) who spoke this afternoon informed the House that the tariff had been reduced to 14 per cent. In that connection I want to remind hon. members that when a merchant imports goods into this country he is allowed to deduct 5 per cent from the value of his invoice, and that -advantage reduces the protection of our manufacturers generally to something like 9 per cent,, which is lower than the protection in force in any other country.
Now, while that may seem very nice to some people, a very large body of public opinion in Canada do not look favourably upon any such proposition. There is a remnant of one of our great historic parties, which to my mind constitutes fully sixty or

seventy per cent of our voters, composed of National Policy. men. And the National Policy is just as different from the policy that has been advanced by this Budget g.s day is from night. As a Liberal-Conservative who has sat at the feet of Liberal-Conservative leaders from Sir John downwards, I can only say that I was very much surprised that the views of that party have not been put before the House, and that is the reason I desire to-night to re-state the tariff principles of the Liberal-Conservative party. That question will certainly be fought out at the polls,-the Liberal-Conservative party will be united, and before another year will be prepared to meet all corners and to reaffirm its old policy, which I now wish to read to the House.
The National Policy is not a policy of high protection; nor is it a policy of free trade. It is a policy which is directed towards collecting by means of a t-ariff, the revenue needed to meet the national obligations and utilizing that tariff to foster native industries. Let me read the resolution that Sir John A. Macdonald in 1876 moved in this House:
That this House regrets that the financial policy submitted by the Government increases the burden of taxation on the people .without any compensating advantages to Canadian industries ; and further, that the House is of the opinion that the deficiency in the revenue should be met by a diminution of expenditure, aided by such adjustment of the tariff as will benefit and, foster the agricultural, mining and manufacturing interests of the Dominion.
If I were moving a resolution in opposition to the Budget now before the House I could not better express the sentiments of the Liberal-Conservatives. The fact of the matter is that the Government did not bring its proposals to make.such a drastic change in the fiscal policy of this country before its supporters in caucus or otherwise. It brought those proposals before the House, and I for one was not consulted in the matter whatever. It is true that a certain element in the community seems to have risen in its wrath and said, "Let us tax somebody." We have been runfling to programmes and to crusades against this body and that; first the liquor sellers, then the race-horse men, and now the manufacturers aie the unfortunates at whom everybody is aiming a blow. I regret that very much, because this country can never become great unless our industries are balanced and we have more team play. Our last trade statement will show that our manufactured exports ran over $500,000,000 as compared with about $250,000,000 of agri-

cultural products. Agriculture although important is not everything.
It has been said in order to pay for this war we must produce. Suppose we all started to produce agricultural products, where would we sell them? Europe is getting back on its feet again. France is not going to take very many of our agricultural products this year. Great Britain has increased her agricultural production to such an extent that she now produces over fifty per cent of what she requires for her own use, whereas before the war the figure was only something like thirteen per cent. The United States has also increased her production-and the farmers of our West are clamoring for greater markets. To'my mind the only way that we can get greater markets is by fostering our manufacturing industries so that we will consume in our own country what we ourselves grow. We must look forward to >a greater population, a greater manufacturing population. Most unfortunate for us has it been that one of the great parties has constantly opposed the manufacuring interests. Some hon, members may deny that, but the fact is that a threat made by one of the parties has been hanging over the manufacturing interests of this country since Confederation and has prevented millions of people from coming into Canada and helping to build up our industries. The time will come soon, in a few months, when this question will be settled, I hope finally, at the polls. They had that same row in the United States. The question was fought out finally there in 1897 and nobody of any standing in the United States will now preach the policy of free trade, even with Canada.
I have heard a lot of free trade talk in this House. A number of members are in favour of free trade. I said to myself why do hon. members not- go and preach free trade in the United States? Thefact-is that the United States has not shown any evidence that she desires free trade with us. It is a question of wasting your sweetness on the desert air. If you do not get free trade in everything with the United States, then what do you have? You have what Sir John A. Macdonald characterized as "Jug-handled" free trade; they have your markets free, and you cannot get into their markets. Why, hon. gentlemen opposite of the agrarian group know very well that we granted free wheat and flour to the United States in order to receive reciprocal advantages only a few years ago, and the moment our grain started to flow into the United States, what happened? They placed an embargo on

our wheat, and I should not be surprised if they did the same thing again this year. What is the use of talking folly and nonsense. The great economist, Mill, states that in a case of that kind there must be countervailing duties. He says:
"The only mode In which a, country can save itself from being a loser by the revenue duties imposed by other countries on its commodities is to impose corresponding revenue on theirs."
That, .Sir, is the National Policy. Sir, I am a stout enough Canadian to say I am not going to pay ' for police protection, light and sidewalks to give a free market to the Americans of over $800,000 a year.


William Henry White: May I ask . my hon. friend where we would sell our Western cattle if it were not for the American market?


John Allister Currie: My hon. friend may think that he must sell his Western cattle in their market, but his greatest danger to-day is from the market of the Argentine Republic, and so with the Americans. If my hon. friend goes to any grocer in Ottawa he will find that grocer's windows filled with pressed beef from the Argentine Republic, sold in opposition to his beef.


William Henry White: Will my hon. friend answer the question?


John Allister Currie: You should be able to sell your beef to good Canadian working men; that is what you should do. That is the proper policy and the one that should prevail in this country.
Now, I want to say a word about cotton. Hon. gentlemen do not know that when the American States seceded from Great Britain such a thing as. cotton growing was unknown in the United States. At the time of the Federal settlement when Hamilton and Washington were discussing things, the chief products for export of the United States were indigo and rice. From Wilmington and other places in the United States petitions came to the first .Congress setting forth that the people could not sell indigo or rice in the markets of the world owing to the competition of India. The cotton goods that were used in the United States were then made from cotton grown in India-and that threat still hangs over the United States. Well, what happened? The United States Government, under Hamilton, placed .a duty of two cents a pound on raw cotton, and from that day to this there has been a duty on cotton entering the United States. They do not even now go around asking that the duty be taken off.
And what happened then? The Government provided the people of the United States with seed for cotton and to-day the bulk of the cotton of the world is grown in the United States. That is how they fostered agriculture. There are men to-day in this House who know very well that prior to 1878 the principal exports of this country were potash and wood products, lumber, etc. There was no such thing as export of grain, -nothing to speak ,of, at any rate. The farmers were not growing grain because the Americans were exploiting the lumber in the province of Ontario. American companies were operating here. They brought in their own horses, harness, sleighs, oats, flour,-everything that they consumed in their camps. They brought them in from Michigan and other adjoining states, and the Canadian who was trying to grow wheat Gloats or hay on his farm in Ontario could not.sell a pound of it to the Americans. ThSy were exploiting this country just as they would exploit it to-morrow, if you give free trade. But it is not the American with whom you will -have to compete in our factories here in the near future; it is the Japanese. I believe that to-morrow fifty per cent of the jobbing houses in Canada will have a Japanese salesman in their office trying to sell them goods which ought to be manufactured here. And with Japanese labour at 20 to 30 cents a day, how are we going to manufacture in that case?
But, reverting back to the question of the tariff, the Government of Sir John A. Macdonald put a duty on wheat, and immediately there was established in this* country the wheat industry, which runs parallel to the cotton industry in the United States and is our principal industry. Hon. gentlemen who arrived in this country only a few years ago did not know that; did not look into the history of things and consequently then-views on this question are distorted. I say without hesitation that if you throw open the market for wheat, in a few years your market for wheat will be taken away from you just as your market for cattle would be. Millions of dollars' worth of meat products are brought into this country-


William Henry White: Is the hon. member ready to answer the question, that I put to him? Where would we sell our cattle if it were not for the United States market?


John Allister Currie: The market for the surplus meat of Canada is Great Britain.


William Henry White: For cattle?


John Allister Currie: Everybody knows that the United States produce enough cattle and meat for themselves. The statistics show that. All that the hon. gentleman and his friends get so far as market is concerned is what we call a " slush " market. They " slush " into the American West a certain amount of grain and cattle and the United States automatically slushes that same amount into the markets of Europe from the East. There is no real demand in the United States for these products. They just milk the Canadian. There is not a pound of meat produced in this country that could not be sold abroad, given the proper conditions and markets. Why is it that we buy so many millions of dollars' worth of hog products in the States? Why is it that last year we purchased over a million dollars' worth of oats in the States? They grow lots of oats in the West. These are facts that you can verify by reading the blue books. Nearly a million dollars' worth of plums were bought by Canadians in the United States last year-and the Lord knows that Ontario and British Columbia are good plum-producing countries. Why, our markets are wide open to these people, and our greatest danger to-day is not our war debt, but the debt we are running up with the United States, which now amounts to a billion dollars, on our trade balance. Some hon. members speak about wishing to go to work and pay off the war debt immediately. In Great Britain, the Napoleonic war debt is not paid off yet, and it will not be paid off for four hundred years. If the Government would not pay attention to people who are giving them wrong advice, the proper policy for them to pursue would be to fund the war debt and to set about reducing taxation instead of increasing it.
The National Policy is so different from this Budget policy that I cannot understand how any man who has made any study of political economy could get- the two mixed. The National Policy was a policy of " indirect " taxation. If a man in Canada ten years or twenty years ago offered to put direct taxation on the people of this country, he would be taken out and hanged, or else he would be sent to an asylum and bis wife would be given a divorce. No political party would dare to go to the country with a policy of direct taxation.


William Henry White: They are getting
braver now.
.


John Allister Currie: I do not know about that. My opinion is that when hon. gentlemen go to the country and hear what the people have to say about the taxation proposals and all the free-trade discussion that is carried on in this House, there will be one grand scramble; they will be " going to the country," like the lobster about which we heard this afternoon, going to war backwards.


Air. DUFF:: Dissolve Parliament tomorrow and let us have an opportunity.


John Allister Currie: If Parliament were dissolved to-morrow, hon. gentlemen on that side of the House would not have ten followers, because they have not taken a stand against taxation and the country is getting tired of this yelling for taxation and the slogan:	" Tax my neighbour, tax
everybody."


William Henry White: What about the
Progressives?


John Allister Currie: I should be glad if the
hon. gentleman would let me alone for a moment. I think I have answered him very satisfactorily. The farmers do not bother me and I represent a riding that has more farmers in it than the hon. member has in his riding. Hon. gentlemen opposite do not dare to oppose taxation, why? Because their policy is free trade, and if they give free trade, they must put on just such direct taxes as are proposed in this Budget. I am giving the old-time Conservative answers to all those proposals. I do not believe in direct taxation-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


John Allister Currie: I believe in lower indirect taxation; I do not believe in direct taxation. This country will rise in its wrath, and it will smite in a few months everybody who proposes to impose direct taxation, and for this reason. Direct taxation is not at all necessary. The Government assume that there is going to be a demand for a big amount of money yet on war account, and, therefore, we must of necessity have heavy taxation. A luxury tax may be all right, because nearly every nation has to-day a luxury tax, but I think we were very ill-advised in putting a luxury tax on what I might call a key industry. One of our key industries is fur; millions of dollars worth of fur are produced in Canada, and we should not tax furs out of business. The country never (was as prosperous as- it has been for the last few months, and who has been making it prosperous? The manu-

facturers by their work and the industrial workers in the factories. Everybody is getting down to a position where he wants to do what everybody wants us to do, namely, " produce." If we are going to succeed, we must produce and sell more than we buy. Hon. gentlemen opposite want us to throw our barriers down and buy everything from the United States; Japan or Germany; hut to-day we are nearly $1,000,000,000 in debt to the United States, and that is the reason why the exchange is so bad. How are you going to remedy the situation? If an hon. gentleman from the West wants to buy a cook stove, and, in particular, an American cook stove, he may get it a few cents cheaper, but the people of this country will be paying for that cook stove for years to come on bonds and things we sell to the United States. That is not a fair deal for Canada, and I do not see why I should be asked to open the markets of my country and hand them all over to the United States free of duty while we are taxed to death in this country. That, however, is what hon. gentlemen opposite wish to do. The Americans are not so gracious to us; and if hon. gentlemen opposite want to give open markets to the United States, let them preach that doctrine in the United States and they will get a very warm welcome; they will be chased out of that country, because the United States have not one man of standing who will rise in his place in one of their representative bodies and propose free trade with Canada. The great danger of all this agitation for free trade is that it is sectional. Anybody who studies the history of the United States knows that the question of free trade and tariff was fought out there in the Civil War. This was due to the agitations of the planters in the South who all wanted free trade, whereas the northern manufacturers took the other side; they wanted' tariffs. The ultimate result of the whole business was this, that the country landed in civil'war because both sides of Mason and Dixon's line were stirred up over every political issue that could, be stirred up, until finally they flew at each others' throats. If you look over the West you will find, that on the issue of free trade versus .protection the next time possibly Saskatchewan may bring back a majortiy here of free traders, but none of the other western provinces will do so. An hon. gentleman who spoke to-night said that Winnipeg was manufacturing for New Zealand, and so might every city in the West do if we
had a proper system of protection. Why, this country has not begun to protect her industries as it should1. We have not given any protection to the glass industry in connection with which we might have thousands of workers in this country. We have ample natural gas in Saskatchewan, and we have good sand there to make plate glass and window glass. The West imports millions of dollars' worth of window glass, although all the elements, necessary to make the glass are to be found in that part of the country. As regards crockery and china-ware, kaolin, feldspar and all the other elements requisite for making crockery, just as the crockery is made in the United States, are to be found in the West; but instead of making that crockery in the West, we have been importing it from Japan and China to the tune of millions of dollars a year. Every year there come through British Columbia trainload after trainload of Japanese and Indian silk, going where to be spun? Not in Canada, but in the United States. That is an industry which we might foster, because we have ample power for the looms in this country. We could have thousands of silk spinners in Canada if we chose, because our power is cheaper than it will ever be in the United States, and the great secret of developing industries, in the future is cheap power. We could put electrical power on the spindles at the price of one dollar a ton for coal, and how can the United States or any other country compete with us as regards power?
The question of tin plate has been discussed in this House. At one time, away back in the early nineties, 'the United States manufactured only a few tons of tin plate; but McKinley put a tariff on tin plate and since then nearly 75 per cent of the tin plate of the world is manufactured in the United States. If you look up the statistics, you will find that inside of three years after the United States protected tin plate and went largely into its manufacture the Welsh price of $4 a hundred pounds was cut to $2 in the American markets. A few days ago II quoted from the Iron Age, and (I pointed1 out that, the United .States Steel Corporation and other companies were selling goods there cheaper than in England or they sell them abroad. Is that a sign that protection is a failure or increased prices?
We have passed through this war, and I give all hon. gentlemen opposite and hon. gentlemen on this side credit for desiring in their heart of hearts to see this country succeed. I am not one of those .people who ascribe wrong motives to anybody in that

regard; I never offered a word of criticism to hon. gentlemen as to their motives, and I do not desire to do so. But we are going into the future, and there are two. roads for us to follow. One road is to smash and ruin and to be, as we were before the war, lame ducks in the face of the world. There is another line of policy for us to pursue, and that is a line that is going to build this country up with population and to make it the seat of the great Anglo-Saxon people of the future of whom we form part, because this must be the cradle of the future expansion of Great Britain. We are the premier colony, and for those reasons we must try to do our best.	-
Now, what are the elements that make for success in a country? First of all, a country to be great must have resources, and there is in the world no other country that has greater resources than we have. The only thing Canada requires to round this country out is tropical fruits and foods that are necessary to round out our ration, as it were. Many people have tire idea that the United States contains all those tropical fruits and things. They say, look at sugar. Why, the United! States has only a few townships down in Louisiana that grow sugar that will crystallize. All the tropical fruits that come here, the oranges and bananas, the oils and the co-coanuts, come from the British West Indies, with very few exceptions by way of the United States. We are this week in conference with representatives of the British West Indies, and in this connection I may point out a remarkable fact. In 1910 the United States made a treaty of reciprocity with Porto Bico, and at that date, if my memory does not fail me-and it seldom does- the foreign trade of Porto Rico was $7,000,000 a year. Last year-Porto Rico now being a part of United States territory-its foreign trade was over $75,000,000. If we entered into some reciprocal arrangement with the British West Indies I have no doubt that this country and the West Indies would benefit to the tune of at least $200,000,000 a year. Jamaica is far richer than Porto Rico and so is British Guiana, and we could carry on a mutually beneficial trade with those colonies direct. The tropical resources are all that we need so far as material things are concerned.
Our next need is an intelligent population and I am satisfied that we have such a population. We may quarrel somewhat over our political views, but after all is said and done, I think we are all desirous of seeing the country succeed, no matter what 
our political or economic views may be. There is no doubt that we have an intelligent population, for the war has proved that fact beyond the slightest doubt. When it came to doing anything of importance in the wat the Canadians, either mechanically or from the point of view of courage and endurance, were the equal of any other race in the world. No one will deny that. Now, having these elements, the next thing -we need in order to develop a great country is to have a wise and paternal government.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


John Allister Currie: Hon. members may see something humourous in that statement, but let me say that you cannot have a government run by Bolshevists and Internationalists in any country. Do you want to be Internationalists ?


Some hon. MEMBERS:: No.


John Allister Currie: Then accept my view.
When I say paternal I mean national. It must be paternal, because the hand of the Government must assist every interest that stands in need of assistance. Hon.. gentlemen forget that when the Western farmers were in trouble this Government went freely to their assistance with seed. It also rendered aid to the inhabitants of the chief city of Nova Scotia in its hour of trial. The Government, I say, must be national and mhst do everything in its power to build up all the industries of the country and see that everything is kept on an even keel and given fair play. If time allowed me I could tell the House what I consider that the Government should do. In the first place, I think the Government should impose a tariff such as would encourage industry. All this row for free trade has prevented any new industries from being established in this country for the last fifteen years. You cannot point to one single industry established here even by reason of the Avar. Why, the industry established for the making of shells,.owing to the political agitation for free trade that was carried on in' this country, was compelled to take its machinery out of Canada; and it Avould be a brave man indeed who would start a new industry here. Furthermore, I want to tell hon. gentlemen that there is not a large industrial concern in Canada to-day that has made any money within the last ten years that is not building factories in the United States. Take Hamilton, and you will find that one of the largest concerns there, that made millions out of the manufacture of shells, when it wanted to start up a new factory, did not build it in Hamilton hut

put up a great plant at Albany, under protection, in order to carry on a business that should be conducted in Canada. Then there is the manufacture of motor tractors.


William Henry White: Those are luxuries.


John Allister Currie: Does the hon. gentleman say that traction engines are luxuries? They may be luxuries around the North Pole and in the Peace River country, but I can inform the hon. gentleman tha/t traction engines are highly essential industrial machines. However, what I have stated is a fact and instead of these industries being solidified in Canada, and instead of a dozen new industries being started here to keep Canadian people working in the factories, those who would undertake to establish industries are driven out of the country. Members supporting the Government have been charged with taking Government contracts. Well, Mr. Speaker, members of the House have a perfect right to take Government contracts for the companies they represent if they desire to do so, and if you go back over the history of the Liberal party you will find out where such contracts used to go. I could take the hon. member for Victoria to Rosedale in Toronto and show him a fine lot of beautiful homes in one of the loveliest places in the whole of Canada or, for that matter, in America. There are beautiful homes there, and the hon. gentleman will find that sixty per cent of the owners are Liberal manufacturers. They knew very well that under the hon. gentleman who was leading the Liberal party they could get into any line of business they wanted to develop and even start new industries and they would get ample protection. They were sure of the Liberal-Conservative protection.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: No.
Mr. .CURRIE: I could name a dozen industries which the Liberal party started in this country and which are flourishing.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: No.


John Allister Currie: There is no use in protesting against that statement. I have been in politics too long not to know what has happened. Now, the policy hon. gentlemen are taking now is to Oppose the manufacturers, and I am glad that they are showing their colours. We have never failed to meet them on that issue and they have never failed to go down to defeat; and when they come along at the next election with their anti-manu'facturer policy we shall leave them in a worse position than they were in in 1911. I was criticising the Government, 194
Mr. Speaker, and it does a government good once in a while to be criticised a little.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


John Allister Currie: I must say, however, that I never heard hon. gentlemen on the other side criticise their party. There were just three solitary bolters on the reciprocity pact and that is all the sentiment they could show. Now, I disapprove of these taxes because they are in opposition to the old National Policy. In the first place, the luxury tax tends to make a class distinction. It divides the country into two groups. It distinguishes the man who can afford to wear a $50 suit from the man who can wear only a $35 .suit.


Lucien Cannon: Or none at all.


John Allister Currie: I am afraid that the hon. gentleman, politically speaking, will not have any suit at all after the next election. It also divides the ladies into two classes.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


John Allister Currie: It divides them into the class that can wear silk stockings and the class that can not.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


John Allister Currie: But hon members opposite have cried for this tax. Their newspapers from one end of the country to the other clamoured for the luxury tax, and it seemed that every one wanted to tax every one else and every one else's wife and relations.
Oh yes ! they want a tax on every one else; they want to tax their wives' relations and everybody but themselves. They have declared themselves to be the great party of taxateers. They want to conscript wealth. They want to take a certain amount of the money that everybody in this country has. They are an aggregation-I would not like to say-of socialists but their press is largely dominated by socialistic editors.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


John Allister Currie: Yes, I know what I am talking about. We had the leader of the Opposition talking about the depopulation of the country. If the honorable gentleman will go to the Library he can look up the literature of the Fabian Society of Great Britain. That is a socialistic society. And he will find pamplet after pamphlet about rural depopulation. That is one of the things that the socialists are preaching in order to subvert the loyalty of the farmers of Great Britain. They are preaching depopulation. They are doing the same here. The other is reforestation. You will get



socialistic pamphlets edited by Bernard Shaw and Sidney Webb on reforestation and rural depopulation. These are the topics they spring upon the farmers of Great Britain, and their followers are preaching the same doctrine to our own farmers. What is the result? The result is that some of the farmers are seeing red.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Oh, oh.


John Allister Currie: Yes, that is quite right. They are preaching subversive doctrines of that kind, and there is no anewer from the other point of view the public will respond. They will respond to the socialistic preaching. It was the preaching of subversive doctrines that brought about the French Revolution.


An hon. MEMBER:: Oh, no.


John Allister Currie: Yes. I am quite willing that hon. gentlemen opposite shall be tax-ateers but I want them to remember one thing and that is that in so far as people of the Anglo Saxon breed are concerned they do not take kindly to taxes and they have not done so from the days of John Hampden. Charles the First found that they did not like taxes. There was a tea party at Boston because they did not like taxes. Yet, if you are going to have free trade, you must have these taxes. I have listened patiently to find out from the hon. member for Brome (Mr. McMaster), who is the boss free trader here-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


John Allister Currie: 1 have been listening
patiently to hear how he was going to make up the revenue. An hon. gentleman who rises in his seat to criticise anything should be prepared to criticise constructively and to say what we are going to do. But, he has not shown yet how we are going to raise the revenue. And we do need revenue. Another idea that seems to have come from these hon. gentlemen and which they have been preaching from one end of the country to the other is that of a tax on sales. I am sorry to see that some of my hon. friends from the west are going in for the sales tax. I believe in Adam Smith the same as do hon. gentlemen who are free traders. Adam Smith never was a free trader. The hon. gentleman (Mr. McMaster) never believed in his Adam Smith or he never would have brought this question up before the House. It shows his ignorance. I am going to ask the hon. member for Brome to tell us if Adam Smith has ever favoured a tax on sales. I will wait for his answer.


Edgar Nelson Rhodes: The hon. member for Brome has already spoken.


John Allister Currie: The hon. member for
Brome is so fond of bluffing and talking about free trade I want to show that he does not know anything about it.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order, order.


John Allister Currie: Now I will read Adam Smith on this very tax on sales question. I think it will show that I am right in the position I have taken: Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations, says:
Ifi consequence of the notion that duties upon consumable goods were taxed upon the profits of merchants, those duties have, in some countries, been repeated upon every successive sale of the goods. If the profits of the merchant importer or merchant manufacturer were taxed, equality seemed to require that those of all the middle buyers . who intervened between either of them and the consumer should likewise be taxed.
That is what we are doing.
The famous aleavala of Spain seems to have been established upon this principle. It was at first a tax of ten per cent, afterwards of fourteen per cent, and is at present of only six per cent upon the sale of every sort of property, whether movable or immovable, and it is repeated every time the property is sold.
Surely that is the tax we have here.
The levying of this tax requires a multitude of revenue officers sufficient to guard the transportation of goods, not only from one province to another, but from one shop to another. It subjects not only the dealers in some sorts of goods, but those in all sorts, every farmer, every manufacturer, every merchant and shopkeeper, to the continual visits and examination of the tax-gathei-ers. Through the greater part of a country in which a tax of this kind is established nothing can be produced for distant sale.
What is going to happen to the farmers in the West? -
The produce of every part of the country must be proportioned to the consumption of the neighbourhood. It is to the aleavala, accordingly, that Ustaritz imputes the ruin of the manufactures of Spain. He might have imputed to it likewise the declension of agriculture, it being imposed not. only upon manufactures, but upon the rude produce of the land.
Now, if hon. gentlemen who are such great students of economy have read their Adam Smith as some perhaps have-the hon. member for Red Deer (Mr. Clark) who is not in the House is a great authority on Adam Smith-they would have seen this reference. I think that possibly Adam Smith is right there. I believe this form of taxation is wrong. There is no other country that has adopted this method of taxation. It remains for us to stand out prominently as the country that has adopted- it.

The one great thing we need if we are going to reduce our per capita debt Is population. The easiest way h>
reduce our per capita debt is to double our population [DOT]which will produce for us. If we are going to get population we must make this a cheap country to live in and call a halt on direct taxation.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.


John Allister Currie: 
An hon. MEMBER:: Hear, hear.


John Allister Currie: Exactly, that is true. Well, then, who pays the duty? It is not pleasant to have to pay a duty to get in here, and that is what will happen if you impose a countervailing tariff. How are you going to develop or build up this country if you adopt free trade? Are you going to open your markets and let the American farmer walk over and exploit you whenever he wants to? I am a good Canadian, and' I believe in a national policy, and for that reason 1 do not approve of anything of the kind.
(Now, I have to offer some criticism to the Government. II pointed out to them the difficulties with regard to this new tariff. This is a new imposition of taxes of which I do not approve. I do not wish to object to it now, however, for this reason: I think it will do this country good to have a few months of this free trade tariff. I think, then, that from one end of the country to the other they will be so sick of trying to collect this taxation, of trying to finance this country directly out of their pockets, that they will be quite willing to take sides with the good, old Liberal-Conservative party, and wipe out all the people who want free trade and who want to turn us over to 1941
the Americans. The hon. member for Victoria, Alberta, will get a run for his money up in his riding-do not forget that.


William Henry White: I always did.


John Allister Currie: Yes, and you came through the last time, did you not?


William Henry White: Yes, I did.


John Allister Currie: Because the hon. member is such a good' fellow. I never heard, him open his mouth before in this House to interrupt.


Mr. PEDLOW:: ll would like to ask the hon. member a question.


John Allister Currie: Another county heard from.


Isaac Ellis Pedlow: We are hoping to hear from the county of Simcoe. The hon. member says he has no faith in the new tariff. Will he vote against the Budget?


John Allister Currie: I said that I had no faith in a free trade budget, and that this is a free trade budget-I have no hesitation in saying that. The Government have stolen the clothes of hon. gentlemen opposite-that is the trouble. That is why they were stunned for two or three days after the Budget came down. They were so stunned that they did not know which way to turn. What will happen will be this: These taxes will go to the country and the question that will confront hon. gentlemen will be to put up an argument to show how the money can be raised under free trade except in! this way The country will ibe so sick and tired of ali this taxation that they will be glad to vote into power the party that goes in for low indirect taxes, the party of the National Policy.	.


William Duff: Why do you not go to the country?


Mr. OURIRIE:: Go; to the country ! If we went to the country the hon. gentleman would never see the inside of this House again. He knows that he got into Parliament at the last election by subterfuge, and we will see that he does not get in by subterfuge again.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Order.


John Allister Currie: That is true, he stole the riding.


William Duff: I did not do any such thing.


Morley Currie: Any man that comes into this House on an anti-British cry is not fit to be answered.


Mr. ARCHAMBAULT:: Ran like a hare.


John Allister Currie: Yes, he ran like a hare, and hunted with the hounds.


Joseph Archambault: 'Somebody else did that.


Georges Henri Boivin: Order. (It is quite in ordler for hon. 'members to ask questions with the permission of the hon. member who has the floor, but I must ask those who desire to do so to do the House the courtesy of rising and addressing the Chair.


John Allister Currie: There is no necessity to intervene, Mr. Speaker. As far as answering hon. gentlemen opposite is concerned, 'I am quite capable of doing that.


Ernest Lapointe: He is the man.


John Allister Currie: My hon. friend (Mr. Ped-low) desires an answer. He has asked me if I would not oppose the Budget.


William Duff: Will you go to the country?


John Allister Currie: With respect to the hon. member who is interrupting, I know what is wrong with him. I do not need to tell him.


Georges Henri Boivin: If I understand the hon. member for Simcoe correctly, he is proceeding to answer a question which has been asked by the hon. member for South Renfrew.	[DOT]


Isaac Ellis Pedlow: After that I am sure he will allow the hon. member for Lunenburg (Mr. Duff) to put his question.
Mr. '.CURRIE: I have already said the hon. gentleman from Lunenburg is not quite himself, and consequently the best thing for him is not to ask any more questions.


William Duff: I will ask the hon. gentleman if he is willing to go to the country and prove whether I am right or whether he is right.


John Allister Currie: Go to the country?


William Duff: Yes.
Mr- CURRIE: Wild horses could not drag the hon gentleman to the country. This is the best job he ever had. We are accustomed to that kind of talk. The hon. member is new to this House, but I have been here a few years, and while I have often heard clamours to go to the country I never yet saw an Opposition or a Government that wanted to do so very gladly. Now, returning to my hon. friend from South Renfrew, I said I would answer his question. Yes, I will support the Budget most gladly; I want the hon. gentleman and his friends to have a taste of a free trade Budget of their own medicine.


Isaac Ellis Pedlow: Yet you have no faith in it.


John Allister Currie: I have no faith in it? I have faith that it will act like medicine- sdmilia simitibus curantur. That is the reason I intend to vote against the amendment of the hon. .member for Shelburne and Queens (Mr. Fielding). It is very nicely drawn in order to try to put a little salt on the tail of the agrarian bird. My hon. friend drafted it before he had heard the Budget and then-old parliamentarian that he is-he was very intent on his speech. I watched him memorizing his speech almost, instead of listening to the Budget. Had he listened closely to the Budget I do not think he would have spoken as he did. He could have put up a much better criticism had he done so. As far as his proposals are concerned they are nothing but camouflage. It is a great platform which they produced last year. I Temeahber sitting in the chamber when the late hon. member for Brant, Mr. Paterson, in 1911, got up to speak on the reciprocity question. He put his hand down into the tail of a long, black coat, and produced a document, and said solemnly: "I have here before me the platform of the Liberal party of 1895. I was in Toronto this week and went into a store and found this platform that the Liberal party had in 1895." That was it, 1894 or 1895. Somebody asked him, " Did you find it in a pawn shop?", and the House roared'. Evidently the platform that the Liberal party promulgated last summer has been relegated to the pawn shop and a new platform has been produced now. It is no't quite so drastic as the free trade platform of last year. That would not be acceptable, especially in Quebec which my hon. friend from Quebec East (Mr. Lapointe) knows very well. You could not get him to adopt free trade as they have it in England, even if you tried. Now I said that I intended to vote against the amendment because I think that it is pure camouflage, it does not strike at the questions or the issue straight. It has made no objection to these taxes which to my mind are obnoxious. As a red hot Liberal-Conservative they are obnoxious to me. Of course the country must have its dose-it is getting it and will get it-and for that reason I am going to vote against the amendment and vote for the Government s Budget. I think every Liberal-Conservative here will do the same thing, and we will try it out. We will try it out on the dog, and see what the people think of this direct tax free trade tax policy. I am satisfied that in the next session of Parliament, when it

meets next fall, there will be some new light on all these questions, and there will be a new alignment. Hon. members, whether they follow the Liberal-Conservative party or not, because of its political leanings towards protection, will have some new light. I have followed this National Policy question.
I have heard it discussed by Sir John Macdonald, by Tilley, by Edward Blake, and by Sir Richard Cartwright, who was perhaps the ablest critic of that policy my hon. friends opposite ever had, and I was never otherwise than convinced that the National Policy was the proper policy for Canada. To-night I proclaim that same old policy- not the "National Policy made up to date," but the old National Policy that I read to the House to-night which discloses the best way in which we can carry on the business of this country. If you want the people of a country to be happy and contented, you must not grind their noses off with taxes.
I had a call from several soldiers the other day in the city of Toronto. They called me up by phone and they said, " Colonel-


Joseph Archambault: Colonel!


John Allister Currie: I beg the hon. gentleman's pardon. They called me up on the 'phone and said:	" They are charging us
35 cents luxury tax on a string of ribbons on which we hang the medals that we won in the war." That is a fact, and that is one of the things we will have to remedy. There must be some adjustments made when these resolutions are discussed in committee. The proposals so far are too drastic, and we must modify them. But if I had my way and were playing politics, I would say:	"Make it a little bit
stronger, and let the Grits and Free Traders have a taste of their own medicine." Then you would see everyone of them squirm. I know many of them are good men, engaged in manufacturing and other interests, and yet some of them will speak on the platform in favour of free trade and practice protection to beat the band. And I am sorry to say that some of our Conservative friends will advocate protection to " beat the band," and then practice free trade when they want to get something into the country a little cheaper. The only effective way is to face this thing squarely. So far as I am personally concerned, I do not pledge myself to follow this policy further than the next session of this House, for the simple reason that I am opposed to it in principle. And the only reason that I shall vote for it now is that I want to see hon. gentlemen opposite get a dose of their own medicine.
Mr. P. R. DuTREMBLAY (Laurier-Outremont):	Mr. Speaker, at this late
hour of the night-


Some hon. MEMBERS:: It is morning.
Mr. DuTREMBLAY:	-well, at this
early hour of the morning I do not propose to make any lengthy address on the Budget and the amendment before the House, but there have been many manifestations of objections on the part of the people of the city of Montreal whom I have the honour to represent, and therefore I feel that at this juncture it is my duty to offer certain criticisms and objections to the proposals of the Government.
The eloquent speeches delivered by hon. members on this side of the House has proven beyond doubt, I believe, that the proposed taxes will not decrease the high cost of living. On the contrary, I believe that they will increase that already high cost, and at the same time will act as a deterrent on our trade and commerce. One of the principal reasons for the high cost of living to-day is that we have less production than formerly. There is an old English saying that if you put more taxation on dogs there will be fewer dogs. And if you put more taxation on industry, there will be less industry, and consequently, less production. That, I believe, will be the effect of this one per cent Sales Tax and the ten per cent Luxury Tax-they will be detrimental to the consumer and will discourage production, and it seems to me that the Government should have devised some other means of taxation to fill the gap between expenditure and revenue.
Recently the manufacturers and retailers of Montreal met and expressed their dissatisfaction with the taxes proposed by the resolutions of the Finance Minister. A report of that meeting which I have before me states:-
Much criticism was expressed of the new Budget proposals at a meeting of representative members- of the Canadian Manufacturers Association, the one per cent sales tax being particularly objected to as likely to repeat itself until it became a burden to the consumer.
This one per cent tax is only apparent, and in practice it will undoubtedly work a hardship on the consumer. In my opinion the Government should make the manufacturer pay this tax. In many cases the manufacturer sells his goods to a jobber or a wholesaler, who in turn sells them to retailers, with the result that the one per cent will be paid two or three times on the same goods, and of course eventually the

consumer will have to bear the burden, which in some cases will be aggravated by the luxury tax of ten per cent.
To-day there is a general clamour throughout the country against the minimum values above which this luxury tax becomes operative. At a meeting of those interested in the clothing trade held in this city on the 25th of May a resolution was passed urging that the minimums be raised, and I presume the hon. Minister of Finance has received a copy of the resolution. In the United States most of these articles that we consider as necessaries of life are exempted from such taxation. I have in my hand a list published by the Toronto Star Weekly, I believe most hon. members have received a copy enumerating a large number of articles which in the United States are exempted from any luxury tax.
I hope that when these proposals are taken up in Committee the Government will see that these minimum amounts are raised so as to protect the public. I may point out that in the United States the tax on luxuries is paid not on the whole amount of the purchase but only on the amount in excess of the minimum. But under the present proposals of the Finance Minister if you buy a pair of shoes at $16 you have to pay the tax not merely on the amount in excess of $9, but on the whole purchase price of the shoes, that is, $1.60. Surely that does not meet the purpose of the taxation as stated by the Minister of Finance, who states that it is a tax on luxury only. I say again that I hope this matter will be adjusted in Committee so that the middle classes and the poorer classes in this country may be protected.
I should like to say a word with regard to the income tax. I know that members on both sides have advocated still further increases in the income tax. At the last session the Government saw fit to bring in further income tax legislation putting our system on the same level as that of the United States. Our income tax law was already a very drastic measure, for this country has not the means, as has the United States, to recover the money in all cases. The raising of the rate on certain amounts to five per cent may bring in a few million dollars more, but the effect on the country will be detrimental, because there will be a tendency on the part of investors not to put their capital into enterprises in this country. It is true that we need capital for the develpoment of our industries and our different enterprises, and this in-

creased income tax will have an influence upon their decision to invest their money here. I warn the Government that they should stop moving in that direction, if they desire not to interfere with future investment of capital in this country.
It has been shown that we must economize in order to meet our expenditures. The argument of hon. members on the other side in support of the imposition of these taxes is that revenue is needed. I have no doubt that their principal aim and intention was to get revenue and not to increase the already high cost of living, but this legislation, while not decreasing the cost of living, may injure trade and commerce and decrease production. It may be said that it was necessary to impose these taxes in order to get the $70,000,000 that was needed to meet our expenditure. But it would have been easy for the Government to cut down expenditures in the different departments by at least $25,000,000. I am confident that if all the ministers got together they could cut down expenditures to that extent and save that amount to the ratepayers of the country. Then, there is the Department of Railways, where there is a deficit of $48,000,000, and the Post Office Department, where there is also a deficit. It seems to me that these departments should be so administered as to pay for their own operation. Why charge to the ratepayers of the country the cost of operation and the amount of deficits resulting from the operation of the National Railways? Why not charge such rates on these railways as will make them pay their own way? Wiry not have those who use the railway pay for the service which they get? The same applies to the Post Office. In this way the Government could get another $50,000,000, and this, with the $25,000,000 that I have mentioned, would make up the $75,000,000 that is required for this year.
The speech of the Minister of Finance, as I said a moment ago, was more a general taxation of all persons and things in the country than a statement of fiscal policy. Actually, business men in Canada do not know what kind of a tariff will come into effect next year, and that condition of affairs is harmful for trade and commerce and it is harmful for manufacturers in this country to be in such a position. It is all very well for the Government to say: We will appoint a commission; but this commission should have been appointed immediately after the war. Two years ago I believe the Government were asked by the Opposition to appoint such a commission;

but this year I hope this commission will be appointed; that it will be independent of party politics; that it will be permanent, and that it will be composed of business men of different classes of our community and representing different provinces of the Dominion. I hope they will go throughout the country, studying the needs of every manufacturer and making comparisons with similar industries in the United States and in England. There is no doubt that today certain Canadian industries have too much protection while others do not have enough. I hope all these matters will bp adjusted, and at the same time the needs of the other classes of the community will be taken into consideration.
After the war the people of this country expected that the Government would put into effect some kind of programme of reconstruction, and the fact is that the Government said that they were remaining in power for the purpose of reconstructing this country. So far I have not seen any reconstruction programme, but I hope in this reconstruction they will not forget the important industry of shipbuilding that was started during the war. You are aware, Mr. Speaker, that in this country we have a new industry of shipbuilding comprising different shipyards that employ more than 25,000 men, with an additional 25,000 or more other men w'ho are employed in manufacturing articles that are essential in shipbuilding. We are to-day in a position in Canada to obtain from France and Spain many contracts for building ships at a good profit, and people from these countries are coming to this country asking the owners of shipyards to accept contracts for ships. As a matter of fact, the world is short of ships at the present time; the shipyards of England have contracts for building shlips sufficient to keep them busiy for more ,than five years, and the same condition exists in the United States. During the war the Government, under the present Minister of Marine (Mr. Ballantyne), took some steps toward creating this industry, and to-day we have a large number of skilled men able to create a permanent shipbuilding industry. A few days ago I had occasion to meet some gentlemen who are building ships, and they see in the near future the possibility of employing in this industry on a permanent basis more than 60,000 workmen and if you consider that there is an average of five persons in a family, that means about 300,000 people. There is a new industry that we must not let go. The programme of the Government is nearly completed; and if the Government do not
protect this new industry and see that it develops, the result will be that in the end it will disappear. A large amount oi capital is invested in this enterprise, and I wish to draw particular attention to this industry of shipbuilding which is of national importance to Canada The last question that I wish to bring before the House at this early hour of the morning is one that is near my heart, namely the German indemnity. It has been hard, I must say, for the last couple of years, to find out from the Government much information regarding this important question. In Canada we have made very important financial sacrifices in order to help England in this war, and according to the memorandum sent by the Government to Sir George Perley, the representative of Canada in England, the amount claimed by Canada is about $1,800,000,000. But according to the understanding between the Allies and Germany, the only indemnity to which the Allies would be entitled would be for damages which have been incurred on account of the violations of the laws of war. If we examine the memorandum prepared by the Government and sent to our representative in England, we find that Germany would be entitled to pays us only about $31,000,000. If that be true, such an amount would be a joke. According to the understanding arrived at between the Allies, France is to receive 55 per cent of the indemnity that they will be able to get from Germany; England is to receive 25 per cent, and the balance will be divided between the other nations that took part ton the side of the Allies in this war. The aid that we gave in this war was given especially and solely to England, and that was the understanding on which this country went into the war. The principle that was put forward was that when England was at war Canada was at war. This principle, which was enunciated by my late chief Sir Wilfrid Laurier, was .accepted by the right honourable the Prime Minister (Sir Robert Borden), and we went into the war to assist Great Britain, making sacrifices that brought us very nearly to the verge of bankruptcy. It is not necessary, Mr. Speaker, that I bhould state the immense, the appalling liabilities which this country has incurred by reason of its participtation in the war. The interest on our debt and pension amounts to about $160,000,000, which is about half of the entire debt which we had before the war, and this tremendous burden will have to be borne not only by ourselves but by our

children and our children's' children. We spent these vast sums of money and contributed our best manhood for the purpose of assisting Great Britain. But Mr. Speaker, it is not of the sacrifice of life that I am now speaking. That phase of the subject I shall not touch upon now. Let me say, however, that the monetary aid which we contributed! to Great Britain was given on an understanding from the Prime Minister that Germany would pay this country an indemnity that would cover every cent we expended and on that assurance Canada was prepared to spend its last dollar. Now, is England in a position to pay this country this sum of one billion and three quarters? A conversation is reported in the press in which Mr. C. W. Hingham, a member of the Imperial Government, is credited with the statement that England is not much worse off now than she was before the war and that her trade is very prosperous, the people in that country being able to go back to work in the factories. He goes on to state that an era of prosperity has now dawned in that country such as has neveT before been known in its history, and that the London market will once more be the gold market of the world. I believe that statement, Mr. Speaker, and I am glad that England has been able to recoup her losses and that her commercial possibilities are now so promising. By the treaty signed at Versailles Great Britain has received many advantages. Everyone is aware of the enormous sums which have been spent by the English treasury to maintain the British fleet so that it might compete not only with Germany but with all the other nations of the world, but these vast sums which she has had to pay in the past will be offset in the future to a great extent by the advantages which will accrue to Great Britain as a result of the settlement. Today England, through her ships, is still Mistress of the Seas and is in a better position, from the maritime standpoint, than any other nation of the world, as this member of the Imperial Government stated a few days ago.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.
Mr. DuTREMBLAY:	I am glad, Mr. Speaker, that this statement is applauded so hartily by hon. gentlemen on both sides of the House, for it shows the loyalty which everyone of us feels towards Great Britain. Now, Sir, shall we not undeT these circumstances turn to Great Britain and ask her to pay to this country, if the German indemnity is not forthcoming, the sum of

one and three quarter billion dollars which we spent during the war? If the hon. Minister really had this matter at heart and, as he should do, gave to it his best consideration morning and night, we would probably obtain a great part of this sum from the British Government. But so far as we have been able to judge of the enterprise of this Government, they do not seem to give the question any consideration at all. It would be a matter of great importance to Canada, Mr. Speaker, if this amount were paid by Great Britain. We would wipe out our immense indebtedness and be in the position in which we were before the war; and it is but due to this country that something should be done to bring about this condition.
The amendment that has been moved by the hon. member for Shelburne and Queen's (Mr. Fielding) is clear and precise, and I shall be pleased to support it when the time cemes.


Some hon. MEMBERS:: Hear, hear.
Mir. DuTREMBLAY:	Some -hon. members -are applauding that statement. Well, I hope they will see their way clear to vote with us on the -amendment. In so doing they would, I can assure them, receive the heartfelt gratitude of the people. Hon. gentlemen opposite, Mr. Speaker, know very well that there is a general demand throughout the country that the high cost of living should be decreased, and they are well aware that the Budget as introduced by the Minister of Finance has nothing in the- way of relief to offer the -suffering -consumers-.
The Budget has been brought down by the Finance Minister, but we- know very well that he is not responsible -for the present financial position. I wish- to join with other hon. members in congratulating the Minister of Finance upon the manner in which he presented the Budget. He must be given credit for performing a hard task in bringing this Budget before the House. No doubt he bad considerable difficulty in bringing the different elements of the Council to an agreement upon this question. But it -must be remembered that this Budget does- not in any way lighten the burden of the high cost of living. Hon. members on the other side of the House know that there is a clamour from ocean to ocean against the high cost of living. We are here as the representatives of the people and we have to face the responsibility of dealing with the demand that the people have put before this Parliament. We must, by some kind

of legislation, act or deed', do something to diminish the high oast of Jiving. The amendment of my hon. friend from Shelburne and Queens (Mr. Fielding) meets the demand of the people of this country. I am glad that it comes from the 'Liberal party, which, with its splendid traditions, can be depended upon, when it again comes into power, to render justice to all the people of this country. When that time comes we will have a return of that .prosperity which the country enjoyed when the Liberal party was in power.


Mr. J. W. KENNEDY (Glengarry and Stormont):: Mr. Speaker, in following this debate as it has proceeded day after day, I have been very much struck by the fact that there exists, in this House such a great variety of opinion on such an important and oft-debated subject as " The Tariff."
One would naturally expect that on a question such as this, one that has been to the fore almost constantly during the last forty years, there would be laid down certain distinct lines or principles, and that hon. members would have by this time .made up their minds where they stand on those principles. Such does not seem to be the case, however, and there seems to be as much variety of opinion as there -are members who speak on this subject.
First, we have the spectacle of the hon. member for Queens and Shelburne (Mr. Fielding), an avowed' free trader, making a protectionist speech and submitting an amendment, which demands a lowering of the tariff. Then we hear the Minister of Marine and Fisheries (Mr. Ballantyne) making a .protectionist speech, insisting that his opponents have always been and are now inconsistent. He declares that he is and always was a protectionist, but insistently declares that he is a moderate protectionist. He places much stress on that word' '' moderate," and would have the country believe that at this time he is particularly moderate. He, however, is unfortunate in .qualifying the word " moderate " by saying that by moderate protection he means " such as we have bad in this country since 1867, which ranges anywhere from 15 per cent to 45 per cent (.page 2618). " Moderate protection with favour to none and justice to all" (page 2607)-is another rather paradoxical way in which he sets forth his position on this very important subject.
Again, we hear the Minister of the Interior (Mr. Meighen), who has always been an ardent protectionist, laying particular
stress on the " moderateness " of his views. He argues valiantly for protection, mercilessly denounces free trade, and1 then points with pride and words of commendation to the action of the present Administration in reducing the tariff on many goods to the point where protection is almost eliminated and placing many other articles on the free list. (Pages 2780, 2781 1
It was surely a noteworthy acrobatic feat to extol the merits of protection in one breath and praise the free trade tendencies -little though they are-of the present Administration in the next; it was a feat for which his mental acumen is particularly well fitted. 'It was with a great deal of satisfaction that I noted the applause from the Government benches, which greeted every point he made in respect to reductions in the tariff. When he pointed out that the Administration which had killed1 reciprocity in 1911 and imposed an additional per cent tariff during the war, in spite of the oft-repeated assertion that the tariff was too sacred to touch during war time; when he pointed out that this same Administration had' reduced the tariff on certain articles to as low as 12 per cent, and placed many more on the free list; when he showed that the present Administration had gone even further than reciprocity, the enthusiasm of his followers and the satisfaction which they showed would almost lead one to believe that at this particular time they would like to have the country believe that they are the free trade party after all.
Then we have the venerable Eight Hon. Minister of Trade and Commerce (Sir George Foster), whose whole political life has been devoted to the suppoit of a protective policy, asserting that after all the indirect method of taxation is not the best for the country, but that there should be along with it certain forms of direct taxation. I have no doubt that the right hon. minister was speaking what he had learned in his own long experience, and that out of the richness of that long experience he is gradually approaching the position which -we hold and the policy which we advocate of a greater measure of direct taxation substituted in part for our present indirect system.
There are those who believe in a high protective tariff and who. have no hesitation in saying so. They would surround the country with a tariff wall as high as Hainan's gallows; keep out foreign goods and smother our trade; their idea is that Canada should be a self-contained country, independtent of other nations and developing her activities within her own borders.

To all those, I -would' simply say that nations, like individuals, must live and grow and develop by producing and trading, and to throttle a nation's trade is to strangle her life at its most vital spot. They are the extreme high protectionists, and although they are at present being kept in the background, I feel that we have too many of them yet in this country. It is quite obvious that the high protectionist is being kept in the background, but it is equally obvious that he is with us yet, and that his hand still guides the fiscal policy of the present Administration, as it has guided the policies of every Administration for the last forty years.
Much is toeing made of the fact that the 7J per cent duties imposed in 1915 are now being taken off. Much is also being made of the fact that all the benefits of the reciprocity agreement of 1911 have been granted, but nothing is said of duties which still remain at 30 per cent and 35 per cent, and which bear heavily upon many of the necessaries of life. Nothing is said of those duties except another of the annual promises of tariff revision, and although we are given to understand that the revision will be along the line of moderate protection, there is nothing to indicate that the coming revision-if it ever does oome-will be downward.
Now, what are we to understand by moderate protection? That expression has been oft repeated by members of the 'Government and their supporters. It is a very indefinite term, I have no doubt purposely indefinite, intended to assuage the fears of the consumer that further burdens may be added to the things he must buy; he is given the cold Comfort that those burdens, whatever they may be, will be moderate and on the other hand, it is intended to inform the protected interests that their welfare will be looked after and moderate protection granted them; moderate protection which means " such as we have had since 1867 ", which runs all the way from 15 per cent to 50 per cent.
Time was, and not so very long ago, when the tariff as it exists in this country was called a high tariff or high protectior . That was when our industries were in their swaddling clothes; when they were infant industries. In this connection, it is well to note that an industry which has been in the infant -class for forty years and has not yet learned to -stand on its own feet, should be given some more heroic treatment than to be fed on pap. Those indus-

tries considered the protection afforded them years ago as high protection. Politicians refer to it as high protection; the people regard it as high protection. Now that they have grown great and prosperous, it i-s only a moderate dose and we are given plainly to understand that the same policy of protection is to be adopted toy this Administration in the future as they have followed in the past.
Now, it is well to have the issue plainly before us. This House has a right to know, and'the country should be told in plain language, the issue that is before us and the issue that must be decided upon by the country at no distant date. It is the question of continuing the policy of protection, call it " Moderate " or " High ", as against the policy of reducing our tariff taxation until the point is reached where the protective principle may be said to be eliminated and the tariff designed for the production of revenue.
I'Ee Minister of Marine -says that -the question is quite clear. Moderate protection versus- free trade; if by free trade he means the entire elimination of all- tariffs so that no revenue will be collected in that way, then he is quite wrong in his statement of the case. The question of the future will be a tariff designed to produce revenue and not hamper trade, as against a tariff designed to protect our giant infant industries and enable them to continue to fatten -and prosper at the expense of the Canadian people. Protection. is to be the policy of the present Administration and you may call- it -moderate which means all the protection, you can get away with and impose on a patient and long-suffering people.
This, as I understand it, is the issue before the Canadian people at this time. It is not, as hon. gentlemen opposite would have us believe a moderate tariff versus no tariff at all. I am somewhat amazed to find how very moderate indeed hon. gentlemen have become in respect to their profession of belief in the tariff. They have no doubt been keeping their ear to the ground and have discovered a strong definite public feeling in the country demanding lower tariff duties. That may explain why they fairly tumble over one another in their haste to explain all that they stand for now, or -ever did stand for, or ever will stand for, is a moderate tariff. They would appear to be very moderate indeed in everything except their language of denunciation of the farmers and labourers of this country.

It has always been the policy of those who wanted to secure tariff favours to obscure and camouflage the issue if possible. This policy has been consistently followed in the past and in this debate we see the beginning of another campaign of the same kind, but if we are ever to arrive at any definite solution of this question, there is nothing to be gained by evading the real issue. We must face it squarely and decide it in the light of conditions that obtain in this country at the present time.
Many hon. members have wandered all over the continent of Europe and America for facts and figures and conditions that would substantiate their contention. That, of course, may all be very instructive and interesting, and it is quite 'true that there may be much to learn from the experience of other nations and yet it is quite obvious [DOT]that deductions drawn from those statistics and conditions that obtain elsewhere may be very misleading. In fact several different and opposing deductions may sometimes be drawn from the same figures. To illustrate what I mean, let me refer to the speech made in this debate by the hon. member for Fort William. He was quoting figures to show the wonderful development of the United States during the last forty years. He told us how production had increased enormously along certain lines. He was quoting the figures of the development of certain industries in the United States in an endeavoui to show how the fiscal policy of that country had developed production in United States industries and agriculture. The remarks to Which I particularly want to refer will be found on page 2632 of unrevised Hansard. I will not make a long quotation, but will simply direct the attention of the House to these figures-the increase in the production of certain articles in the United States from 1880 to 1917:

increase of lead, from 100,000 tons to 600,-00i0 tons ; of copper, from 27,000 tons to 840,000 tons ; of cement, from 2,[DOT]000,000 barrels to 91,[DOT]000,000 barrels. The production of corn increased from 1.700,000,000 bushels in 1880 to
3.000,	[DOT]000,000 bushels in 1917; of cotton, from
6.000.	000 bales to 11,000,000' bales; cotton manufactures, from $192,000,000 in 1880 to $701,000,000 in 1914 ; production of phosphate rock, from 200,000 tons to 2,500,000 tons; of zinc, from 23.000 tons to '584,000 tons. The export of manufactured cotton amounted from $10 -OOO.OOO in 1880 to $136,-0'0>0,000 in 1917. The production of wheat nearly doubled in the same period.
Now, that, I take it, is a fair indication of the development which Would be produced by a protective tariff policy, and the conclusion the hon. member wished to draw
from these figures Was that that policy was a good thing for the United States because it produced that kind of development. I would like to draw the attention of the House to the fact that the increase in the production of manufactured articles, such as cement, cotton goods exported, and so forth, was anywhere from ten times to- in the case of cement-forty times what it was in 1880, whereas the increase in corn and wheat wts not quite double. Now that is just exactly the kind of development that would he produced by a protective tariff. I quite agree with the hon. gentleman. But I would just like to draw this other conclusion from his own figures, that that is not an all-round well balanced development of the various activities on the other side of the line; and I submit that that onesided development is 'a main reason for the present very high price of commodities- in other words, the high cost of living.
And the same condition obtains in this country. Canada is of such vast extent ,and possesses such immense agricultural possibilities that we have as yet hardly touched the fringe of those possibilities; and in addition we have incalculable natural resources in our mines, forests and fisheries. Looking at the statement made by the Minister of Finance in his Budget speech, we find certain figures of the values of our manufactured articles and of the products of our farms, forests, fisheries and mines. In that connection I would like to draw the attention of the House to the fact that those figures demonstrate that the products of our manuf actories exceed the combined products of our farms, mines1, forests and fisheries. That, I submit, is the kind of development that has been encouraged by the protective tariff principle, and in my opinion it is not a well balanced development of our national activities. To be building up large enterprises in a country like this at the expense largely of the consuming public and to the discouragement to a large extent of our basic industry, agriculture, is not conducive to our national welfare.
Now, my opinion is not a mere theory, it is borne out by the facts. The idea of a protective tariff is not to produce revenue but to protect industry and to build up large industrial establishments; and that is just exactly what it has been1 doing. It has made certain industries profitable largely at the expense of certain other industries, with the result that both labour and capital have been drawn away from those industries which cannot be protected by tariff and have been attracted to those industries

which are protected and are thereby profited. Our census figures hear this out and show that for the last forty years, particularly in the greater part of Eastern Canada, theTe has been a steady flow of our rural population into the large urban centres. The reason is that the farmers cannot compete with those engaged in other industries for the labour that they require, and they cannot use capital to the same advantage.
In order to further bear out that assertion I would like to place before this House a few figures in relation to the dairy farming business in Ontario to show the rewards offered to the dairy farmers of this province during the last few years of high prices. I have here the report of a survey made in the county of Oxford by the Ontario Department of Agriculture under the superintendence of Professor Leitch, Professor of Farm Management of the Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph. For the year beginning March 1, 1917, and ending February 28, 1918, ia survey was made of 437 farms in the county of Oxford, the object being to cover the . whole financial operations for the year:
(1) To determine the true financial condition of the dairy farming business.
(2.) To determine the cost of production of milk.
(3)	To discover the features of the business that have the greatest effect in raising- or lowering farm profits.
(4)	To give suggestions for the most profitable organization of the dairy farming business, based on the conditions found on the farms which showed the greatest financial returns.
These are some of the findings:
The cost of producing milk in the county of Oxford during that year-
And let me remind the House that this county- is perhaps the banner dairy county of the province.
The cost of producing milk is a subject over which there is a lot of different opinions even amongst producers. As a matter of fact there has never been until the present any organized effort to find the exact cost of the product on a variety of farms. The information collected from the farmers in this survey gave the look-ed-for opportunity for an investigation into the cost of milk produced during each month of the year. These farms were devoted to the production of milk as their main business, therefore, each farm was treated as a manufacturing unit for producing milk. The cost of production, therefore, was made up on each farm of the following items: current expenses (labour, repairs, seed, feed bought, taxes, etc.), depreciation on buildings and machinery, interest on investment at seven per cent and $5-00 for the labour of each farmer himself.
That was the labour income allowed to each farmer in counting up the cost of producing his milk during that year.
TMr. Kennedy.]
Prom this total was deducted the amount received for crops, hogs, poultry and other miscellaneous sales. The difference was the cost of producing the milk sold. Of course, in many instances there were considerable profits from the sales of hogs, etc., but the effect was to reduce the cost of milk produced.
This is what they found:-
The farms which were not strictly dairy farms had slightly smaller labour incomes than the dairy farms. Therefore their milk cost them a little more to produce. We are safe in assuming therefore that the cost of producing milk in Oxford- county during the year ending February 28, 1918, was $2.20 per hundred pounds. This just equalled the selling price which averaged $2.19-1 per quintal.
During 1917-1918, a year of high prices for dairy products, the farmers in the banner dairy county of Ontario were producing milk practically at cost, only being allowed in figuring that cost a labour income of $500 a year.
A little later on a similar survey was carried on at the other end of the province, in the county of Dundas, another excellent dairying county. I would like to ask the House to notice the rewards that were being offered to the dairy farmers that year on 278 farms. The average labour income for the whole year for the farmer himself and his wife and young children was $903, and out of that reward for his labour he had to live and to finance any improvements necessary to his farming operations. The cost of producing milk during that year on 194 farms was $2.30 per hundred pounds, and the farmers who sent their milk to the cheese, factories received $1.85 per -hundred pounds. The farmers, however, who sold their milk to the condensers or shipped it to Montreal received $2.44 for the milk, and it cost them in the neighbourhood of $2.30 per hundred pounds to produce it. In this case $500 was the labour income allowed each farmer for his own labour and that of his wife and young children. I might remind hon. members that those farmers did not work six or eight hours a day but closer to twelve and fourteen hours a day. And their wives also play a very important part in carrying on the work of these dairy farms.
a l-ater survey was made in the county of Oxford in the year ending February 28, 1919. I will just read a couple of the conclusions reached by Professor Leitch:-
Despite the increased prices of farm products during the last few years, six per cent of the farms in the surveyed area of Oxford county had labour incomes of less than nothing for the year ending February 28, 1919.
Another of liis conclusions was " that the average cost of production of milk on 139

Oxford county farms during the year ending February 28, 1919, was $2.64 per hundredweight, and that during the same period and on the same farms the average selling price was $2.36 per hundredweight," 28 cents less than the cost of production. These are the financial rewards offered in these times of high prices to the dairy farmers of the province of Ontario. We are urged to increase production, the production of our farms particularly; yet we are discouraged by the fact that we cannot go into the labour market and compete with other enterprises in this country which can offer to labour a far higher wage than we can pay or obtain for ourselves.
I have simply placed these figures before the House in order that hon. gentlemen who are not well acquainted with farming conditions in this country-and I am speaking now only of Ontario; I am not speaking of farming conditions in the West- may have an opportunity to compare the financial rewards being offered at this time of high prices to the dairy farmers of Ontario as compared with those offered to other enterprises and other industries in this country. I ask hon. members to decide whether a policy which encourages industry largely at the expense of agriculture and which produces this one-sided, ill-balanced development is a proper policy to be longer continued in this country.
Many figures have been given to the House to show the magnitude of our agricultural products. These figures are given in values and are liable to be deceptive. I should like to refer particularly to the cheese industry during the last few years. The amount of cheese exported in 1916 was, in round numbers, 168,000,000 pounds. In 1917 it had increased to 180,000,000 pounds. In 1918 it dropped off to 169,000,000 pounds, and in 1919 it dropped down further to 152,000,000 pounds, a decrease in these last three years of 28,000,000 pounds, or 16 per cent. Now, the cheese industry in this country is a very important industry so far as Ontario is concerned, yet during the last few years it has been declining very rapidly and I think that the figures which I have just quoted show why that condition has existed. I may say that this decrease coincides largely With the period of price fixing in respect to cheese.
I have noticed that officials of this Government have gone over the country claiming that the price of last year for cheese, 25 cents, was a profitable price for the producers and that the producers knew it. Well, the producers knew perfectly well
that it was not a profitable price. They know what they are making and they know fairly well when they are making a profit and when they are not. The figures of the survey in the county of Dundas, where the farmers were selling their milk at $1.85 per hundred pounds, when it cost them $2.30 to produce it, are a very effective answer to that contention. That is one of the things which is producing unrest and discontent in this country. Moreover, it is producing a feeling of discouragement among the farmers of Ontario, who feel that they are not being treated fairly. It has been said that this particular group in this House are agitators and have been agitating-this was applied particularly to the United Farmers of Ontario-and stirring up discontent and unrest throughout the country. I would like to remind hon. gentlemen that this discontent and unrest existed long before our organization was brought into existence. Our farmers' organizations were not formed primarily for political purposes; but the people, being discontented, used this organization to show their discontent and we are here largely as a result of that discontent and not as its cause.
The hon. member for Fort William (Mr. Manion) also mentioned the fact that in the agricultural estimates $5,000,000 was being granted to agriculture and he said that this was a direct aid to the farmers of this country. He likened it to the bounties which have been paid on iron and steel. I would not have thought so much of his statement that this $5,000,000 was direct aid to the farmers if he had not likened it to the bounties on iron and steel. In that comparison he is absolutely unfair and absolutely wrong, because this $5,000,000 is not paid to the farmers. We are not paid a bounty on our wheat, on our milk, on our butter or on our cheese. This $5,000,000 is not paid to the farmers; it is expended in educational and investigational work. Although the farmers do appreciate it and do receive some benefit from it, let me remind hon. gentlemen that we cannot be altogether selfish in the matter of the benefits which we reap from it because we cannot use all the wheat, all the butter, all the cheese and all the milk that we pro-*ylce,' there is an added production on the farms of this country as a result of the expenditure of that $5,000,000, that added production adds to the wealth of every other class in the country.
Now in respect to the Budget speech of the hon. Minister of Finance, I wish to say

that it embodies in itself a very serious criticism of the course followed by the present Administrator during the last few years. It calls upon the country to exercise thrift and economy and yet it indicates clearly that the Government has not been practising thrift and economy.
When war broke out in 1914, it should not have required any very far-sighted statesman to foresee that the cost of the war would he enormous and that it must eventually be met by the people through taxation. It would have been the part of wisdom to have immediately made some provision for paying part of the cost of the war out of the revenues of the country. When the people were keyed up by their patriotic fervour, they would have welcomed taxes which they will find burdensome in times of peace and which may be very burdensome if times of depression come. Moreover, unprecedented amounts of money were flowing into the country and boosting industry and business in every direction. This would have been a proper time for the Government to increase the revenues with a view to applying part of them to defraying part of the cost of the war. This course was not followed, however. The cost of the war was met by borrowing, and notwithstanding the fact that our revenues have increased enormously, the fact remains that until now, over one and one-half years after the armistice was signed, no serious attempt has been made to defray the cost of the war by means of taxation.
There are some features of the Budget which I desire to commend. First, there is the frankness andi lucidity with which the minister Iras placed the actual financial condition of this country before the people. It is a good thing to trust the people. In a democratic country, it is a good thing for the Government to take the people into their confidence, and I can assure the minister that the people of Canada will appreciate and respond to his frankness.
Then there is the increase in direct taxation. This is something which the people can understand. They know that there is an immense debt to be paid, and if the charges on that account are levied equitably, the people are willing to pay. I would like to commend the minister for thus extending the principle of direct taxation. The tax on luxuries is a good thing, in so far as it is a tax on real luxuries. In this respect, I feel that the proposals embodied in the Budget are open to a good deal of criticism and revision, both in their inci-

dence and operation, but that can be done in committee.
I would also criticise that feature of the Budget which makes it evident that the future policy of this Administration is to be the same old principle of protection which has been embodied in their fiscal policy of the past. I have already spent some time on the subject and will not refer to it again beyond saying that the fiscal policy of the past forty years has not encouraged a well-balanced, all-round development in the various enterprises in which our people are engaged. It has encouraged industry at the expense of agriculture, and it is not a policy which should be followed longer in a country which has vast undeveloped natural resources and whose agriculture possibilities are still to a large extent waiting to be developed.


Mr. HERMAS DESLAUEIERS (St. Mary's) (translation):: 
Mr. P. A. SECUIN (L'Assomption-Mont-calm) (Translation):: Mr. Speaker, let me, at the very outset, tell you that I shall not trespass upon the patience of the House at this later hour. However, I wish before the closing of the debate, to say a few words about the Budget we are now dealing with.
From their very coming into power the Government seems to have had no other concern but squandering in risky undertakings, millions upon millions, and, with a view to making up deficits, they are straining every nerve in levying taxes upon the people.
Under cover of a win-the-war policy and its imperative exigencies the Government has been indulging in the most extravagant and unwarranted expenditures, from the standpoint of administration. Having acquired the deeply-seated habit of throwing away broadcast the public moneys, under the plea of their win-the-war policy, they have in the long run lost the sense of their responsibilities and probably in order to gratify the cravings of their favourites, they have launched into scandalous undertakings, such as the taking over of the Canadian Northern and the Grand Trunk railways, and as a consequence of their reckless policy, this country is now facing a gigantic debt of three billion dollars.



And how could the enormous character of that debt be explained, otherwise than by the reckless financing of the Government, not only from the very inception of the war, but from their coming into power in 1911.
It is too late now to recall the scandalous character of the expenditures which was so conspicuous in the pre-war times, it would carry us too far back; but from 1914 and even 1917, the country has witnessed an orgy of expenditures, and the carousal is not yet seemingly at an end. When the war was on, did not friends and followers of the Government, as General Smart and Colonel Pratt, alarmed over this reckless administration, declare to us that favouritism and injustice, with their headquarters at Argyle House in England, were presiding over the direction of our army? And in this country, how much money has been squandered, and how many millions scattered broadcast among Government favourites and profiteers of their ilk.
It may be acknowledged that the hon. Minister of Finance is a man of high intellectual culture and of broad learning, but one could not, forsooth, deliver him a certificate as a first-class economist and friend of the people; because the method resorted to by him in order to restore public confidence and bring about the welfare of the country is doomed to dismal failure when, without any concern for the well-being of the country in general, he is bending all his efforts towards levying imposts on the people, and sinking the money thus raised into a bottomless pit.
II quite realize that the Minister of Finance of a country, the public exchequer of which has been plundered for many years is performing a thankless task; but that, cannot warrant his levying taxes on such necessaries of life, as are to be found in the resolution now before us.
Does the hon. minister mean that he is taxing luxuries in imposing a 10 per cent duty on a pair of shoes worth nine dollars or on a five dollar hat?
Fox my part I consider this tax upon articles of first necessity and which could not be had any more cheaply. And how many other articles altogether essential have there not been wantonly taxed? Is not the tax on patent medicines itself a most onerous burden upon a Class of people who should in justice call for more protection at the hands of the rulers?
	' t !	; |
Bult how carefully 'the big profiteer of late has been guarded from disgorging. He was even allowed to shelter a part of his millions from the income tax by subscribing to the tax-free national loans.
I fhlily realize that, in order to face the critical situation in which the finances of country are, a remedy had to be found; but I regret that the hon. the Minister of Finance, instead of tackling the great capitalists, especially those who made of the war an opportunity for amassing colossal fortunes, should put the burden of taxation upon the consumer and the mass of the people.
Instead of squeezing the small purses as he does in this Budget, why has the Minister of Finance not put under contribution those who have miade such a boon of the dire events of the last years? Instead of bleeding the poor people white, why has he not sought to balance his finances by resolutely adopting >a regime of economy, by judiciously doing away with a lot of useless expenditure in the different branches of the administration?
Is it not, for instance, an immorality, if I may use the term, to find in the Estimates for this year, a sum of $12,498,506 to he voted for militia, when $3,903,000 only are provided for agricultural purposes, and when it is found every day that the requests made in favour of the agricultural class are treated with the utmost neglect by the Government in spite of the good will of the Minister of Agriculture.
Why should we be asked to vote such a fabulous sum for military purposes after having miade the unheard of sacrifices which the Government imposed upon us, for the very purpose of destroying militarism and securing to>
the world a tasting peace?
I want to put upon record my most earnest protest against the guilty neglect with which the Government meets the interests of agriculture all over the country and more particularly in the province of Quebec, and this in order to waste countless sums of public money upon military matters.
I protest with all! the energy that is in me against the project of developing in this country an imperial navy, by accepting from England the gift of war vessels. Were it not for fear Of scandalizing certain wild Imperialists, I would add that this gift of war vessels does in no way allure me- "Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes."
After our having offered onr last dollar and our last man as out contribution to the war, why is our Government .so indiff-

arent in asking for our share of the indemnity to be paid by Germany?
I do not want to prolong this debate, and I hasten to conclude by saying that if the Government be truly concerned as to the economic, and national future of Canada, they must henceforth take the means of giving the people all facilities for oo-operating in the resumption of our normal life; and with that purpose in view, they must lighten the people's burden and give the farmers the possibility of procuring as. cheaply as possible 'the tools with which to increase production, an advantage which can be afforded by lowering the tariff.	[DOT]
And when production increases, the cost of living will come down, greatly to the benefit of the consumer. The lowering of the tariff upon the implements of production in the industries born of the natural resources of the country, will bring better days for Canada and make life easier for the people.
And may we return to our national traditions of concord and harmony, by putting an end to appeals to race and creed hatred, which a sect without shame and patriotism takes pleasure in fomenting in our country with the assent of this Government.
Under such .conditions only, shall our dear Canada become happy and prosperous, as in the time when its destinies were governed by the illustrious man and the ardent patriot ithe memory of whom is ever alive, Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
As long as nothing is done for the people, the people will do nothing for the Government. They have been too often deceived to have any faith to-day in the words of those who govern. Henceforth acts only will connt; acts, not words, are now in order. And the action must be helpful and constructive because our people have already .suffered tooi much. It is useless to- forestall whalt that imaginary commission on the tariff, which the Government promised more than a year ago, can do. People must have their turn and they will get it, if the amendment submitted by the hon. members foT Shelburne and Queen's is adopted. For my part I give it all my support.


Mr. BUCHANAN:: I was paired with the hon. member for Frontenac (Mr. Edwards.) Had I voted I would have voted in favour of the amendment.


Isaac Ellis Pedlow: I was paired with the
hon. member for West Toronto (Mr. Hocken.) Had I voted I would have voted for the amendment.
order in which the vote was taken I voted for the amendment. Had it not (been for that wrong impression I would have voted with the Government.
PAIRS :
(The list of pairs is furnished by the Chief Whips.)
McLean, H. H., Maclean, A. K., Hocken,
Manion,
Cronyn,
Edwards,
Wallace.
Messrs.
Murphy,
Sinclair (P.E.I.), Pedlow,
Sinclair (Antigonish), Denis,
Buchanan,
Maharg.
Main motion (Sir Henry Drayton) agreed to and the House went into Committee of Ways and Means, Mr. Bodvin in the Chair.


Robert Laird Borden: Mr. Speaker, while it might
seem somewhat a work of supererogation at this stage to adjourn, nevertheless the House would probably support a motion that the Committee rise and report progress. I therefore make that motion.
Motion agreed to and progress reported.



PRIVATE BILLS.


[Stage Direction]
Bill No. 148 (from the Senate) for the relief of Lockhart Pierce Sutton-Mr. Douglas (Strathcon'a).
Henry Arthur Mackie: Mr. Speaker, un- On motion of Sir Robert Borden the der a misapprehension in regard to the House adjourned at 6.32 a.m.
t



FOURTH SESSION - THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT, 1920.

[Stage Direction]
Abbreviations.-lr., 2r., 3r. - first, second, or third reading. Admn. = Administration ; Amdt.= Amendment. Com. = Committee. Div.=Division. Dept.^Department. Govt. - Government.	M.- iMotion. Ques. - Question. Ref. -.Reference. Rep.
= Report. Res.- Resolution. Sec. =Section.
A bey, Mr. H. R. ques. 1000 Acadia Refining Company, 3226 Acton Vale post office, ques. 1899 Adams, Mr. Thomas, ques. 1002, 3551
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 11, 47, 87, 114, 161, 181, 231.
Adjournment. See House of Commons Admiralty. See Naval Service
Admiralty Act Amendment Bill, lr., 2842; 2r., 3086; com., 3086; 3r„ 3086
Adulteration of Food. See Food and Drugs Bill
Aerial Navigation. See also British North America Act Air Service, 4553
Material, purchase of for, ques. 1359 Tax, suggested, 3592
Age of Consent. See Criminal Code Agricultural Gazette, 1085
Agricultural Machinery Bill (Standardization of Parts), lr., 2079
Agriculture. See debates under Canadian Wheat Board; Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Co-operation with the provinces, 603 Dairying industry. See that title Department, Estimates, 2382 Experimental farms. See that title Farm labour, ques. 800, 1011, 1220, 1227 Government, and, 610 Improvement in, 677 International Institute of, 2411 Potatoes, exportation, ques. 1360 Statement and review by Minister, 2366
Agriculture and Colonization, Com., 306, 540
Alberta Penitentiary, ques. 2777, 3855
Alcohol. See also Inland Revenue; Opium and Drugs; Proprietary; Prohibition; Special War Revenue Industrial, 70, 324
Aliens, 150, 155, 229. See also Domiipon Franchise; Education; Immigration; Naturalization
Detention camps, in, ques. 314 Enemy, naturalization, ques. 992 Immigrants and Canadian Citizenship, M (Mr. Steele), 812
Allan, Mr. G. W. (South Winnipeg)
Returns to House, 1295
Allies. See also League of Nations Peace Conference at Ostend, 2476, 2574
Alpine Club, 3288
Alves, Mr., death of, ques. 1463
Amery, Colonel, and Speaker's Chair, 3224
Ames, Sir Herbert B. (St. Antoine)
League of Nations-review and summary, 3961. League of Nations a reality- partisanship in international relationships deprecated

history and description of League-meetings-specific tasks and achievements-permanent institutions designed and prepared for -transit-armaments-mandates and minorities-registration of treaties-* emergent measures-duties as financial director-first assembly, November, 1920-the Secretariat an international civil service-Canada's opportunity. Questions answered; for details See League of Nations Return of to .House, 3623
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[Stage Direction]
Anderson, Mr. R. K. (Halton)
Brant Military Hospital, ques. 2519 Federal Bureau of Education, 1270 Income tax, errors in returns, 3302 Opium and Drug Bill, 1636-7, 1644-5, 1746 Parliamentary	Restaurant-messengers,
Sugar, price of, 1896
Andrews, Mr. George W. (Centre AYinnipeg) Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 171. Free trade, 171; returned soldiers; true party discipline, 173; going over to cross benches, 174 Budget, 3012. Members' indemnity, 3012; pensions for soldiers and their dependents-war profits, 3013; conscription of financial and managerial ability; Mr. Meighen on Britain and British policy-trust the people, 3015 Canadian AVheat Board, ques. 2182 Canteen profits, ques. 800 Hudson Bay Company lands, ques. 1897 League of Nations and United States, ques. 1118
Oleomargarine, 1869 Pensions, 433, 511
Returned soldiers, provision for, M. for special com. 511 Soldier Settlement, 2135-6 Universal military training, 945
Animal Contagious Diseases Act Arndt. Bill.
lr„ 1622-3; 2r„ com., 1839; 3r., 1840
Animals, Feeding of. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Annuities. See Government Annuities
Anticosti, North Point light, ques. 1361
Antigonish and North Sydney, Public works, ques. 543, ques. 1004
Appeals. See Supreme Court Act
Apple Barrels. See Inspection and Sale
Appropriation Acts
1. Bill No. 36 (for 1920-1, for $62,900,-
986.09), lr„ 2r.,'com„ 3r., 756
2. Bill No. 67 (for 1920-21, for $2,083,-
333.33). Res., lr., 2t., com., 3r., 1289
3.	Bill No. 166 (for 1919-20,, for $3,175,-
199.81; and for 1920-1, for $64,984,319.42 interim). Res., 3215, 3217; lr., 2r., com., 3r., 3218
4.	Bill No. 221 (for 1919-20, for $15,875,-
999.03; and for 1920-21, for $321,980,760.61). Res., lr., 2r., com., 3r., 4587
"Arabic," SS. Loss of Govt, vouchers in. ques., 3489
Archambault, Mr. Joseph (Chambly and VerchOres)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 292. Address seconded in English, not in French-proposed general election; reply to Mr. Meighen, 292; reply to Mr. Hocken, 293; dissolution of Parliament, historical review, 294 Auditor General's report, 4276 Bankruptcy Bill, 4263
Budget, 2925. Farmers' delegation on conscription, 2925; increase of public debt, 2926; "advances unaccounted for," 2927; income tax, exemption on account of children, 2928; cost of living-Board of Commerce-profiteers, 2929; Dominion Textile Company-purchases in connection with advances to Greece and Roumania, members of Parliament interested, 2930; new taxes, proposed taxation of war wealth, 2932; food gamblers, 2933; banks and credits for speculation; tariff commission and revision, personal position, 2934; exchange rate and soldiers' pay-withholding of information on public affairs by Gov., 2936
Canteen profits, 709 Chambly fort, 3769 Daylight saving, 1574 Desjardins, " Ti-Noir," ques. 315 Dominion Franchise Bill
Aliens-certificate, 2216, 2221, 2243 Liquor on polling day, 1108 Polling divisions, 1517 Proclamation-language of publication, 1834, 2292
Explosive works at Beloeil, 2247-48 Freight car situation, ques. 319; ques. ^97 French wine imports, ques, 1627 Gambling, 3428
Grand Trunk shareholders, 3426-27 Greece and Roumania, ques. 415; ques. 2414
Habeas Corpus, 3296 House of Commons
Debates-translation of French speeches, 697, 4587 Income tax
Exemptions on account of children, 2928, 3297-8
Forms in French, 1084, 1573 Inquiry for returns, 618, 4258 International Labour Conference, ques. 803
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[Stage Direction]
iii
Archambault, Mr. Joseph-Con.
Kingston harbour works, 458 Kinmel Camp riots, 709 Judges' salaries, 3227
Letter of French Canadian at war front. 284
Militia, 3660-3
Naturalization, Alsace-Lorraine, 3921 Navy League of Canada, ques. 802 Opium and Drug Bill, 1749, 1759 Peace Treaty, Bulgaria, 489 Printing Bureau, Sunday work, 4020 Purchasing Commission-Public Accounts Com., 1474, 4580-3 Racial and religious rights. 489 Roumania, ques. 2413, ques. 3488 Russia, trade with, 4322 St. Johns election, 2239 .
St. Lawrence channel, 230, 856 Shipbuilding, 640
Contracts, ques. 314, 917 Steel plates for, ques. 706 Soldiers
Cash gratuities, 1084 Payments to in sterling, ques. 2008 Steel and shipping merger, 1953 United States railways and Canadian freight, 17S9 Victory loans, ques. 803 Commissions, ques. 320 Committee, ques. 2008 Vimy battlefield, ques. 1358 Washington, Canadian Minister at, 2474
Archibald, Col. Grassie, ques. 2007
Argue, Mr. Ira E. (Swift Current) Eight-hour day, 449 Experimental Farms, 2389, 3159
Armenians,
League of Nations and, 855, 1465, 3979
Armstrong, Mr. John A. M. (North York) Franchise Bill, 1067
Armstrong, Mr. Joseph E. (East Lambton) Budget Speech, copies of, 2626 Car shortage, 884	*
Daylight saving, 1084 Ethyl alcohol, 3497 Franchise Bill
Advance and proxy voting, 1164 Voters' lists, 2419-20 Grand Trunk strike and pensions, 1129 Illustration farms, 2384
International Parliamentary Conference, ques. 2721
Armstrong, Mr. Joseph E.-Con.
Mines Department, 3803 National defence, 4305
Naval Service, additional appropriation, 4305-10
Newspaper postage, 3349, 3755-8 Oil-Hudson Bay-Great	Slave Lake,
Royal Commission on Natural Resources, ques. 4502
Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill, 3476 Collection, progress of, 3480-1, 3600 Furniture-auctions, 3575 Jewellery, 3579 Musical instruments, 3595 Proprietary medicines, 3600-4 Steel and Shipping merger, 1956 . British Empire Steel Corporation, ques. 2777
Vessel Rates
Board of Railway Commissioners, control by, ques. 2414, 2777 Inland and coastwise (Railway Act Amdt. Bill), 160, 1707-27, ques. 2772 Ocean; res., 2013
Armstrong, Mr., Director of Coal Operations. See under Coal Operations
Army. See also Soldiers
Court martial procedure, ques. 1359
Surplus stores, ques. 1229
War Boots and Shoes, ques. 506
Arsenals. See Dominion arsenals; Militia
Arthabaska-Victoriaville, branch line, ques. 4502
Arthur Young Company, 3742. See also Civil Service; Griffenhagen Wolff, Mr. L. R., ques. 1624
Arthurs, Mr. James (Parry Sound)
. Alves, Mr., death of, ques. 1463.
Franchise Bill Aliens-certificate, 2231-56 Peace and good order, 1106-8 Voters' list, 2421, 3892 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3936-40 Point of order-militia-relevancy, 3663 War trophies, 4557
Asbestos, 4513. See Asbestos postmaster, ques. 320
Asiatics in Canada. See Chinese; Japanese, Naturalization; Orientals; Franchise Bill
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[Stage Direction]
Assiniboia
By-election. 56, 126, 137, 168, 3473. See also Recall
Expenses of Candidates, 1172, 1174-84 Grasshopper plague, 128
Sessional indemnities for unrepresented years, 129
Atlantic.Sugar Refinery Company, 3226
Auditor General's Report, 458, 4276 Fourth volume, 2179, 2390 Publication In French, ques. 1627
Austrian and German Imports, ques. 2416, ques., 3359
Automobiles, 119, 2823, 2815. See also Special War Revenue Act Imports and excise, ques. 591 Manufacturing plants in Canada, ques. 1201 Smuggled, ques. 807; ques. 1001 TaxeS on, 2487
Autonomy of Canada. See Canada's National Status; Bulgarian Treaty; League of Nations; Peace Treaty
Bacon Industry. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Badges, Naval Service, 437. See also Naval Service
Bagot County
Electoral list, ques. 2011 Postal inspection, ques. 2721
Baie de Chaleur Harbours, 2185
Baker, Late Lieut. Col. G. H., M.P.,
Memorial to, 181, 2776, 3557,
Baldwin, Mr. Willis K. (Stanstead)
Budget, 2539. Luxury taxes, 2539; parties and reciprocity, 2540; Liberal party's tariff policy, 2540; immigration and national development, 2541; railways; West Indies, and Confederation, 2543 Food and Drugs Bill, 1262 Opium and Drug Bill, 1755 Scientific Research, 2174 Special War Revenue Bill, 3463 Retailer, effect upon, 3474 Sale (1 per cent) tax, 3467 Stamp taxes, collection of, 1262, 1755
Ball, Mr. Robert J. (Southeast Grey) Burbidge-Messines, ques. 2721
Ballantyne, Hon. C. C. (Minister of Marine and Fisheries and Minister of the Naval Service)
Budget, 2533. Business profits war tax

tariff and cost of living, 2534; Liberal party tariff policy, 2535; free trade and the farmers, 2539 Buoy Service, 2116
Canada Shipping Act Amdt (Masters and Mates) 406-7, 563, 573-4, 980-3, 1610-2 Canada Shipping Act Amdt (Piloitage) 1839, 1967
Canada Shipping Act Amdt (Steamboat Inspection) 1050-2, 1762, 1776, 2125 Canadian Government Merchant Marine. See also under this title Shipbuilding Business statement, 950 Operation, 641, 645
Information concerning withheld-policy justified, 1650, 1659-61, 1667, 1681
Steamers
"Canadian Inventor," delay in sailing, 3226, 3360
"Canadian Recruit" wreck of, 649 "Canadian Sealer," 649 "Canadian Spinner," 649 Canadian National Railway, ships and, 904 Cape Race, 2117
Export trade, larger desired, 621 Fish inspection, 1052-4, 4585-6 Fisheries, 3521-3
Overseers and guardians, 3523 Protection and patrol, 3524 Treaty with United States, 1290 Government policy, expected announcement, 583
Government steamers Buying for, 1610 Wages, 1598, 1600, 1609-11 Halifax marine agency', 2110 Icebreakers, 1598-1612, 2103-7 "J. D. Hazen," 1599, 1602 "Montcalm," 1606-7 St. Lawrence, new vessel for, 1620-1 Uniforms of men, 1603-4 Fair wage contracts, 1608-9 Jellicoe, Admiral, report of, 344.
Australia and New Zealand, 1160 India, 1290 Printing, 386 Lighthouse "Service
British Columbia patrol boats, 1616 Grand Etang, 2114 Lighthouse Board, 2117-8 Salaries, 2110-4
Liquor Shipments, Ontario-Michigan border,, 2108
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[Stage Direction]
Ballantyne, Hon. C. C.-Con.
Little Sands, 4580
Live stock shipments inspection, 1615 Lunenburg-registrar, 2108-10 Magdalen Islands, 649, 651, 1601 Relief ships to, 1742
Marine Dept, and members of Parliament, 2121
Marine Dept., services restored to, 3507 Naval College graduates, 4562 Naval Defence of the Empire
Statement on motion for Supply, 3498 Dominion Ministers' memorandum- Lord Jellieoe, 3499. Government's official statement on naval affairs- acceptance of Admiralty's offer of ships-Naval Service Act, 1910, 3500;
" Niobe " and " Rainbow "-war, recruiting and casualties

Naval college-distinguished officers, 3502; reorganization-details of ships from Admiralty

Naval estimates, 3503; efficiency of Service-fisheries protection-Navy Leagues, 3504; submarines to be sold-other Overseas Dominions and Great Britain, expenditures, 3505; service on pre-war lines, 3507. See also under this title Naval Service Naval Service. See also, wider this title, Naval Defence	*
Additional appropriation, $1,700,000- 4291-4302, 4314, 4398-4402, 4408-9 Civil Service insurance and, 1779 Correspondence and negotiations, 4408, 4413
Ministerial statement, 707-8 Pre-war lines, 4391 Naval Service Badge, 439-45 Naval Service Dept.
Estimates

agreement as to debate on, 441-2
Salaries, 4409-11
Navigation	.
Aid and protection, 2115 Schools of, 1612-3
Pardee, Mr. and	taxation-Montreal
address, 2742
Pictou Harbour Bill, 2184-90; 3491-94 Pilots. See also under this head, Canada Shipping Act Pensions, 4579-80 St. John, 2119-22 Quebec grain elevators, 657 Race tracks, influence of, 3428 Registration of shipping, 1614 St. John harbour, 2119, 3492-3 St. Lawrence channel, ice conditions, 230, 856-8
Ballantyne, Hon. C. C.-Con.
St. Lawrence dredging, 1616-20 Shipbuilding, 618, 641, 651, 662-9
Canadian-built ships, quality of, 625 Canadian Government Merchant Marine, 622, 659
Cattle shippers, and, 911 Contracts, 662-9, 892, 907-910, 916' Georgian Bay Canal, and, 915 Government ownership, 903, 908 Government programme finished, 905-7 Prices, 895, 900-2, See also under this title, Contracts
Profiteering, denied, 901 Profits-financial statement, 902-3 Ship plates, 623 Ships at Quebec, 916 Supply-vote of $20,000,000, 618, 892 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3994, 4001, 4013- 14, 4145-51, 4157-68 Unforeseen expenses, 1616 Wharves, 2122 Winter fishing, 1609 Wrecks-investigation, 1612
Bank Act Amdt. Bill (Interest rate), lr., 992
Banking and Commerce, Com., 306
Bankruptcy Act Amdt. Bills.
1.	lr., 920 (Mr. Jacobs)
2.	lr., 2246; 2r., com., 3255; 3r., 3265 Senate amdt. 4263
Trustees, ques. 2414
Banks, Chartered, ques., 591. See also Special War Revenue; Finance Interest allowed to Government by, ques. 673
Moneys received from, 1001 Shipbuilding and, 4008 Wheat crop and, 4351
Barley. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Barron, Capt. John A., 857
Batiscan Bridge, ques. 317, ques. 1230
Battlefields Memorials
Com. on, 1460, 1738, 2078, 2177 Quebec, fortifications of, 421
Baugh, E. L. and Tapley, W. H., 2015
Bawdy Houses. See Criminal Code
Begin, Cardinal, insult to, 1574
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Beland, Hon. Henri S. (Beauce)
Air Service, 4555-6
Ames, Sir Herbert and League of Nations, 3623
Budget, date of, 2247 Butter and cheese, grading, 603 Canada and the Empire, 503 Canada Tear Book, 1S79 Canadian National Railways
Operation and withholding of information, 1656, 3086
Canadian Trade, extension of, 1883-5 Car shortage, 885 Civil Service
Classification, 4172. >S'ce also, under this title, House of Commons Holidays, 4061, 4261 Retirement, 2179, 4464-5 Conservation Commission, 3286 Demobilization, 4552	v
Federal Bureau of Education, 1372 Franchise Bill
Proclamation-language of publication, 1834-6, 2272
Voters' lists, posting of, 3910 Franking privilege, 3763-7 Grosse Isle, 3555 House of Commons
Members, attendance of, 445-9	.
Staff, classification, 949, 1037-9,	4504,
Imperial ex-Serviee men immigration of, 387
Income tax
Canadian Pacific Railway and, 3306 Dividends, when liable, 3305 Indemnity of members, 3242-3 Indemnity of Members and salaries of Ministers; votes of Messrs. Lanctot and Proulx, 4455
Indians, tuberculosis amongst, 3276 Inquiries for returns, 4258 International Financial Conference, 1465 International Labour Conference, 3359 League of Nations
Belgium, Spain, Greece, Brazil, 3978 Canada's status and relations, 352-3. 481-3	.
Canadian representative in Assembly, 567, 1046
Commercial treaties, 3973 Next assembly of League, 3977 Saar Basin, 3974 United States, 3977 Mint, the, 616
Moving Pictures of Canada, 1882-3 National parks-big game, 3285
Beland, Hon. Henri S.-Con
Naval Service
Estimates, agreement as to, debate on, 4411
Estimates and expenditure, 3508-10 Opium and Drug Bill, 1630-6. 1646-8, 1706. 1752-3
Parliament Buildings, 7 Parliamentary restaurant, 3094-5 Peace Treaty Belgium, 481 Ratification, 477
Pensions and Re-establishment, 615 Com. on
Recommendations, legislation concerning, 4504
Report not printed in French, 2016 Resignation of Mr. Peck, 2082 Prime Minister, health of, 114 Proprietary medicines, 3603 Purchasing Board, 1468, 1471 Rural mail carriers, 4524 St. Lawrence dredging, 1617-8 Serbia, reported credit to, 567 Soldier Settlement, 2130 Special War Revenue Bill, 3327-8, 3343 Spirits and medicated wines, 3793 Sporting goods, 3571 Universal military training, 945 Washington, Canadian representative at, 1742, 2473-4
Belgium, advances to, ques. 318. See also League of Nations; Peace Treaty
Bell Telephone Company, rates appeal, ques. 2009
Beloeil, explosive works at, 2247, 2314 Bersimis and Rimouski service, ques. 1463
Best, Mr. John (Dufferin)
Civil Service
Classification, salary increases in advance of, 551 Senate staff, 4060 Superannuation, 4266-7 Eight-hour day, 374 Franchise Bill
Assiniboia expenses, 1174, 1183 Deposit, 1095 Recall, the, 2028-9 Returning officers, 1525, 1527-S Voting on certificate, 1099 Indians, education of, 3280 Judges' salaries and pensions, 4417-22 Oleomargarine, 1852-56 Purchasing Board, 1468, 1471 Rural mail, 4529
Special War Revenue Bill, 3330, 3335-6
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INDEX-1920 VH

[Stage Direction]
Biggar, Lieut. Col Oliver Mowat, K.C. 5SS, ques. 1462,	4264-9, 4516. See also
Dominion Franchise, Chief Electoral Officer.
Bills, Divorce, remission of charges in, 4321, 4413
Biological Board, ques. 2572
Bird, Mr. Eustace G. ques. 1625
Blair, Mr. W. J. (Battle River)
Screenings, ques. 704
Blake, Mr. Matthew R. (North Winnipeg) Coal operations director, 3179 Indemnity of Members, 4082 Opium and Drug Bill, 1638-9 Purchasing Commission, 1473-4 Universal military training, 940
Blondin, Hon. P. E., 57, 79, 82, 138, 209 Trip to Europe, ques. 541. See also Postmaster General
Board of Commerce, 198, 229, ques. 408, ques. 592, ques. 1740, 1947 Canners, inquiry concerning, 1045 Chairman, Judge Robson, resignation of, 11, 73, 114, 120, 3769, 3863 Correspondence tabled, 85, 4258, 4502-03 M. for papers, 1900 Civil Service Commission, and, 3426 Dairy and pork industry and, 605, 611, 1009, 1017, 1844 Farmers and, 3401 McNichol, Mr. J. L„ 994 M. (Mr. Deslauriers) for abolition, 1139 M. for papers, 2015
Murdock, Mr., resignation of, 4170-71, 4466 Letter, text of, 4481
O'Connor, Mr. W. F., K.C., resignation of, 1684, 3685
Prosecutions, ques. 996 Report, ques. 2012
Inquiry as to, 3227, 3426, 3427 Presented, 3358
Resignation of members, 4258-59 Robson, Judge. See title under this, Chairman
Validity of Act constituting, 3685 Wholesale grocers, dismissal of Mr. Arthur S. Porter, 568
Board of Railway Commissioners. See Railway Commission.
Board of Translators. See Criminal Code Amdt. (French Version)
Boards of Trade Act Amdt Bill, lr., 2r„ 4414; com., 3r., 4460
Boivin, Mr. George Henry (Shefford). See Deputy Speaker
Bolshevism, 1495, 3649. See also Criminal Code; Immigration; Industrial Unrest.
Bonaventure
Experimental Farms, ques. 414 Pensioners, ques. 993 Postmasters, ques. 507 Public Works engineer, ques. 411 Wharves, ques. 411
Bonaventure and Gaspe
Dairy products and fish, ques. 587
Bonds. See also Finance; Loans; Victory Loans
Canadian Government, since beginning of war, ques. 2008
Bonus. See Civil Service
Book-making. See Criminal Code
Books
Banned, Regina library, 396 Customs duties, 3110
German and Austrian imports, ques. 806
Boots. See also Special War Revenue And shoes, army, ques. 506, ques. 1229 And shoes, prices, 3329-30
Borden, Right Hon. Sir Robert (Prime Minister)
Allies conference at Ostend, 2476, 2574 Bankruptcy Bill, 4097
Bill disposed of-question not to be raised during same session, 3426 Board of Commerce Correspondence, 3426 Murdock, Mr., resignation of, 4171 O'Connor, Mr. W. F„'resignation of, 3685 Report, 3227
Resignation of members, 4258-9 Robson, Judge, Chairman
Correspondence, 3769, 4258, 4502-3,
' Budget debate, not limited by amdt., 251S Budget Speech, inquiry for copies, 2626 Canadian Wheat Board, 3561 Civil Service
Grievances-appeal, 3141-2'
Holidays, 4061-2, 4259-62 Senate amdts to Bill, 4259 Coal Operations Director Bill, jurisdiction, 3692
Orders in Council, ratification of, 3362-5
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3079-4017	Volume V:
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2003-3078



INDEX-1920 IX

[Stage Direction]
Boyce, Mr. George-Con
Franchise Bill Debate on, 1837-8
Proclamation, language of publication, 2303-4
Oleomargarine, 608, 1870-1 Rural mail, 4525
Boyer, Mr. Gustave (Vaudreuil-Soulanges) Lighthouse keepers, ques. 1897 Ste. Anne bridge, 3774-5 Ste. Anne de Bellevue hospital, ques. 1115 Soulanges canal road, ques. 999
Boys, Mr. William A. (South Simcoe)
Food and Drugs Bill, 972-8
Grand Trunk strike and pensions, 1130-6
Icebreakers, 2107
Indian Act Arndt. Bill-enfranchisement, 4029-35, 4176
Bran. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Brant Military Hospital, ques. 2519
Bridges, provincial and Dominion authorities, and, 3769
Brien, Mr. John Wesley (South Essex)
Opium and Drug Bill, 1643
Bristol, Mr. Edmund (Toronto Centre) Shipbuilding, 628 Steel and shiping merger, 1948 Vessel rates, proposed regulation, 1718
British Columbia
Lighthouse service, 1616 Railways. See Railway Act Amdt.
Water Powers, ques. 1118
British Columbia Indian Lands Bill, lr. 386; 2r., com., 787, 950, 3r., 1047, 1152
British Empire Steel Corporation, ques. 2777, 4010. See also Steel Industry
British North America Act Amdt. 4379 Aerial navigation, 4169 Motion for papers, 811 Power to amend, 464, 479
British Parliament and Speaker's Chair, 3224
British Preference, ques. 811
Brouillard, Mr. Joseph O. (Drummond and Arthabaska)
Burke, Rev. A. E., ques. 2079
Civil Service Classification, ques. 2181
Parliament Buildings
Commons Chamber floor, ques. 2894
Brouillard, Mr. Joseph O.-Con.
Parliament Buildings-Con.
Cost of heating plant, ques. 2896 Scaffolding, ques. 3079 Tower, ques. 2894 Roy, Mr. Gustave, ques. 1899 Yictoriaville-Arthabaska branch line, ques. 4502
Buchanan, Mr. William A. (Lethbridge) Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 121. Proposed general election and western representation, 121; personal attitude and Union Government -public unrest, freedom the cure, 122; profiteering-tariff-income tax, 123; national railways-Peace Treaty, 124 Budget, 2762. Tributes to Mr. Rinfret and Minister of Finance-paying war expenses by taxation, 2763; economy- tariff and cost of living, 2765; tariff and development of resources-favours tariff reduction-trade with transpacific countries, 2765 Coal Operations Director Bill, 3373-5 Farm labour for spring work, ques. 800 Flour mills, small, ques. 799 Franchise Bill, 1588
Income and business profits taxes, ques. 806
Industrial disputes, 1979
. Industrial Survey by Mr. Ponton, ques. 341
Irrigation, 3695-9
Natural resources development, 1032 Newspaper postage rate, 3353 One Big Union, ques. 409 Pensions and Re-establishment, 536 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 395 Rural mail route, 506
Seed Grain advances, ques. 321, ques. 674 Soldiers' settlement, 3223
Buckwheat. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Budget. See also Ways and Means Debate on, 2495, 2520, 2575, 2626, 2670, 2723, 2786, 2843, 2896, 2969 Amdt. (Mr. Fielding) neg., resolution agreed to, 3077-8
Arrangements for, and announcement, 2247, 2318, 2576, 2840, 3026, 3045 Date of, inquiry, 1047, 2126. 2247, 2778 Speech, 2476
Announcement as to date of, 2247 Inquiry for copies, 2626
Budget Resolutions, 2492. See also Ways and Means
Buffalo, Wainwright herd, 3283
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COMMON'S DEBATES

[Stage Direction]
Bulgaria. See also Peace Treaty; Peace Treaty Bill
Peace Treaty, 9, ques. 316, 463 Resolution and statement by Minister, 346; concurrence of Senate in, 1054
Buoys. See Marine
Burbidge-Messines, ques. 2721
Bureau, Mr. Jacques (Three Rivers and St. Maurice)
Admiralty Act Arndt. 3086 Apple barrels-Nova Scotia, 2018 Bankruptcy Bilf, reprinting, 3265 Bills-Com.-reading of section by Chairman, 584
British Columbia Indians, 788-95 Business Profits Tax, public utilities, 3232-5
Cabinet changes, 447 Canadian National Railways
Construction and organization, ques. 510 Damage claims, delays, 886-7 Deficit, 886
Operation, suggested improvements, S88 Canadian Northern Railway
Port Arthur terminals, ques. 2012 Capital punishment, 308 Civil Service [DOT]
Classification-Arthur Young Co. 549 Holidays, 4262 Insurance, 1779
Naturalized British subjects, 510 Retirement, 3826-9, 4460 Coal Operations Director Bill, 3371 Commercial Feeding Stuffs, 3163 Criminal Code Arndt. (French version) 3082-5
Dominion arsenals, 3717, 3721-2 Bight-hour day, 452-8
Electricity and gas competition and taxation, 3106, 3110, 3113-7 Enterprise Foundry Company, ques. 2415 Export regulations, 3621 Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 2000-1, 3874 Aliens, certificate, 2078, 2082, 2217 Canada Temperance Act 3865-6 Debate arrangements for, 1838, 2001 Disqualification of voters Charitable aid, those receiving, 1814-9 " Election papers," 2023 Indians, 2055-6
Interpretation, 1986-8, 1989-91, 1994 Notices, 777
Oaths, administration of, 779 Proclamation, language of publication, 1829-31, 2273-7, 2281-2, 2291, 2305-6, 2308
Bureau, Mr. Jacques-^-Co*.
Franchise Bill-Con.
Returning officers, 1577-84, 1591-3 Public officials, 1790 Voters' lists,
Copies, procuring of, 2320 Provincial, adoption df, 2347, 2357-66, 3895
Franking privilege, 3763 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1491-3, 1505
Habeas Corpus. See under this title, Labrie Honey adulteration, 2315 House of Commons. See also under this title. Indemnity
King's Birthday adjournment, 3OS0 Lobbies, admission of strangers to, 1629 Saturday and morning sittings, 2783 Serjeant-at-arms department, 3094 Staff, classification, 4504, 4563-4 Two o'clock sittings, 3080 Housing expenditure, 3545-8 Icebreakers, 1598 lie Verte, 2111 Income tax
Absentees, 3303 Indemnity of members, 3242-3 Part payment with return, 3253 Residence or investment outside Canada, 3250
Indemnity of members, 3096, 3853, 4073, 4450
Income tax and, 3242-3 Indian Affairs Dept., 3266-7 Indians
Destitute, relief for, 3275-6 Education of, 3278
Inspection and Sale Act Arndt.-Fruit, 2018
Penalties, 2019-21 Sections repealed, 2016 Judges' salaries, 3851-3 Labrie Brothers, case of, 3296, 3847-50, 3560
League of Nations, 349 Loan Companies Act Amdt., 1776-8 Maple products, 796 Naval Service Dept.
Estimates-agreement as to debatemisunderstanding - compromise suggested, 4412	[DOT]
Opium and Drug Bill, 1621-2,	1630-3,
1636-8, 1703
Parliament Buildings construction, 1419-33 Parliamentary restaurant, 3095-6 Official list, 2842-3 Parliamentary translators, 3093 Petroleum and Naphtha Act Amdt. 1762
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INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
xi
Bureau, Mr. Jacques-Con.
Pictou harbour, 2X88-9, 3491 Purchasing Commission, 1478, 4583 Questions, inquiry as to, 2126 Questions passed as orders for returns, 1743
Race track betting, 3431-2 Railway Act Amdt. (Jurisdiction), 2413 Registered postal rate, 3732-3 Ross Rifle factory, ques. 1898; ques. 2721, 3722
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3204, 4575 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3989, 4003 Soldier Settlement, 1685, 1702 Special War Revenue Act Amdt. 3337-8 Acetylene gas, 3796 Automobiles, 3597-9, 3793 Bank overdrafts, 3624, 3797-9 "Consumer" how defined, 3794 Debate on Bill, arrangements for, 3455 Refunds, 3629-31 Sales taxes, 3616 Sporting goods, 3571-2 Stamp taxes, 3627
Speer, Rev. Dr., statement by, 3491, 3558
Steamboat Inspection, 1762-3
Stigma on members-personal denial, 547
Supply, interim vote, 754-5
Supreme Court Act Amdt. 2004
Technical education, 1761
Toronto letter carriers, 3424-25
Trust and Loan Company of Canada, 585
Yukon Placer Mining Act, 3106-8
Bureau of Statistics, See Statistics Burke, Rev. A. E., ques., 2079 Burlington, Military Hospital, ques. 2519
Burnham, Mr. John Hampden (West Peterborough)
Adress. in reply to Governor General's Speech, 66. Quebec and its " hour "- feeling developed by the war, 67; treatment of returned soldiers

cost of living, 68; farmers and class movement- exchange rate and trade-industrial alcohol, the new motive power, 70; individual liberty-prohibition-drop race and party cries, 71 Agriculture, problems of, 2400 Alien immigrants, 826
Budget, 2611. War policy and peace policy -Liberal party and Farmers' party, 2611; land taxation and security of employment-unrest and how to be quieted, 2612; group government- soldiers and their dependents-the profit system of trade, 2613; the People's party, 2614
Burnham, Mr. John Hampden-Con.
Business profits tax-public utilities, 3235 Campaign Funds, 1182,
Res. prohibiting, 1216, 1224; withdrawn 1228;
Civil Service
Classification, 546 Reduction of pay, 3135-S Retirement, 3830 Superannuation, ques. 920 Coal operations director, 3178, 3372 Currie, General Sir Arthur, 3652 Demonstration farms, 2391 Eight-hour day, 334-7 454-8 * Contractual rights, 373-81 Farm labour, 1220 Farmers' organization, 1219 Farmers' Party and the Dept, of Agriculture estimates, 2399-2400 Federal Bureau of Education, 1389-90 Franchise Bill
Advance and proxy voting, 1162 Aliens, 733, 2211 Contributions, 1182 Disqualification of candidates, 1089 Enumerators, 3900	.
Notices, 778
Proceeding by information, 776 Proclamation-language of publication, 2286-7
Provincial lists, 3888, 3897 Recall, the, 2040 Fuel situation, 3178 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1487 Strike of 1910, 1540, 1565'
Honour of members-point of order, 1186 Income tax
Charities, 3245-6
Exemptions on account of children, 3300 Indemnity of members, 4069-81 Indians-enfranchisement, 4033 Industrial disputes, 2250 Labour-life not arithmetic, basis of reward, 389 League of Nations
Canada's status, 349, 353 Enforcement of decisions, 3975 Militia-cadet service, 3705 Naval service, 3516 Badges, 446 Old-age pensions, 3830 Oleomargarine, 608 Parliament Buildings, 1420 Peterborough, Gov employees in, ques. 542 Postmaster, ques. 342 Prices of fuel and other necessaries; res.
to fix time for full discussion, 321, 333 Prohibition, 1218, 1228
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[Stage Direction]
Cahill, Mr. Frank S.-Con.
Canadian National Railways-Con.
Coal purchases, 2380, 4251 Deficit, maintenance, 890-1 Estimates, discussion of, 4249, 4257 Extensions, 3380-1
Information, withholding of objected 1655, 1669 Insurance, 4257 Ties, 4250-1 Car shortage, 883, 886
Transcontinental, ques. 999 Civil Service, 3140, 3146-7 Bonus, slide masters, 1279.
Holidays, 4061 Colonization, 2399, 4182 Dredging, 1619
Excise tax (10 per cent) 3467 Filing cases, 3155 Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 1935-43 Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, 1071-2 Election expenses, 1932-3 Qualification of electors, 2243 Government annuities, 462-3 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition Bill, 1308, 1486, 1503 Arbitrators, 1047 Branch lines, 1314-7 Hanna, Mr. D. B., suit for libel, 2379 Housing, 3545-52
Soldiers, and, 3545-6 Indians
Enfranchisement, 4038-9 Lands, 3274
Kapuskasing and Spirit Lake, 2398-2401
Militia, 3974-80
Oleomargarine, 959
Ottawa River conservation, 3779
Peat, ques. 671
Penitentiaries, purchasing agent, 3840 Post Office Department, 3740-1 Question-complaint	of unsatisfactory
answer, 1047
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3203 Royal Military College, 3153 Scottish Canadian Insurance Corporation, 584
Shipbuilding, 645, 3992, 4004, 4010-16 Special War Revenue Act Amdt.
Changes, when effective, 3338 Clothes, made to order, 4290 Statistical department, 3296 Steel and shipping merger, 1956-7, 4010 Timiskaming Lake, wharves,, 2187-8, 3493 Trust and Loan Company of Canada, 585 Yukon Placer Mining, 3109
xiii
Calder, Hon. James A. (Minister of Immigration and Colonization)
Canadian National Railways and Canadian Government Merchant Marine-withholding of information justified, 1671-4, 1683
Civil Service Retirement, 2178-9, 3824-40, 4062-8, 4460-6
Grievances and appeal, 4460 Conner, Mr. James, 419 Distressed Canadians abroad, 4559 Exhibition Commissioner, 4558-9 Franchise Bill
Advance Polls, 1938-40 Ballot boxes, expense of returning, 1927 Provincial lists, 3889 Voters' lists, 2423, 2434-7 Voting notwithstanding disqualification, 1825
Immigrants, landing of at Montreal and Quebec, 3226-8
Immigration and Colonization Department, 4556-9
Imperial ex-Service men coming to Canada, 387
Income tax-charities, 3248 Mennonites, 2179, 2248 Militia, permanent force, 3210 Pensions Bill
Approved by Com. 4041 Canadian in French forces as reservist, 4048	.
Pensioner resident outside of Canada, 4045-6
Returned soldiers' insurance, 4054-6 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4012 Soldiers' dependents in Britain, 4556
Caldwell, Mr. Thomas W. (Victoria and Carleton, N.B.)
*Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 118. Union Government, 118; Production and Protection, 119,; Farmers and Customs tariff-Board of Commerce, 120; Victoria and Carleton by-election, 121;
Budget, 2823. Ford car prices, 2823; Mr. Meighen on the tariff-the farmers' tariff policy, 2826; Mr. Fielding's amendment, 2827; the new taxes- export duty on newsprint, 2827; United States' manufacturers and Canadian prices, 2828; agricultural implements, prices, 2829; direct taxation, 2830; Victory bonds, 2831; St. John and Quebec Railway, 2832; new party, its name and policy, 2834; potato growing, 2835; farmers and prices, 2837
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3079-4017	Volume V:


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INDEX-1920 xv

[Stage Direction]
Canadian Expeditionary Force. Sec Soldiers;
War
Canadian Explosives Company, 2247-S Canadian Forestry Association, 3285
Canadian Government Merchant Marine, 622, ques. 921, ques. 921, ques. 996. See also Canadian National Railways; Shipbuilding; Vessels.
Annual report, 2311 Answers to questions, 1649 Business statement 903, ques. 921, 950, 1650, 1677, 1681
Captains, ques. 1624
Civil Service Insurance-Naval Service, and, 1779-80
Coal, ques. 1115, ques. 1623 Crews, 641
Earnings, ques., 1359. See, under this title, Business
Freight rates, ques. 2009 Inland navigation and, ques., 2572 Insurance on vessels, ques. 1.511, ques. 2011 Loading and unloading, ques. 1623 Operation, 641-5 Freights, 646
Shareholders, directors, investment, ques. 2011 Vessels
"Canadian Inventor," 3226, 3359 "Canadian Recruit," 648, ques. 1199 "Canadian Sealer," 649 Withholding of information debated, 1649
Canadian Government Railways. Sec Canadian National Railways
Canadian Manufacturers' Association
Appeal to Supreme Court, M. (Mr. Devlin) for papers, 321
Vessel rates, communication on, 1728
Canadian Mission in London, ques. 410
Canadian National Railways. See also Grand Trunk; Canadian Northern Brudenheim branch, 4250 Canadian currency and United States lines, ques. 341
Canadian Government Merchant Marine. See that title.
"Canadian Government Railways," defined, 4219	'
Canadian National Railway Company, 345 Car haulage cost, ques. 2313, ques. 2413 Car shortage-Transcontinental-ques. 999 Cars, 4184
Chaudiere station, ques. 508 Coal purchases, 2380	.
Contracts-details, 4251-6
Canadian National Railways-Com. Colonization, 4182, 4197 Community centres, 4198 Construction betterments, 4181-2 Construction and organization, ques. 510 Damage claims, delays, 887 Deficits, 4181, 4201, 4203 Demurrage, "bunched" cars, 4229 Duplication, 4196 Earnings, 41S5
Eastern branch lines, 4247. See also that title under Reid, Hon. J. D.
Electric systems, ques. 1510 Engine repairs, ques. 3079 Equipment, 4185, 4191
District east of Edmonton, 4250 Express companies and, ques. 801 Finance, 4186 Fire insurance, ques. 1623 Grand Trunk Railway, 11, 37, 92, 866, 4579, Montreal, improved entrance, ques. 413 Hudson Bay Railway, 4231. See also that title.
Incorporation, ques. 2012 Information, withholding of, debated, 1649, 4195
Insurance, 4257 Intercolonial Railway
Moncton office, 4206, 4220, 4248 Pensions, ques. 313, ques. 509, ques. 589 Riviere Ouelle service, ques. 997-8 Inverness Railway, 4236-49 Mackenzie, Sir William and, ques. 162SS Mackenzie and Mann, 4184, 4191 Management and directorate, 4183, 4189, 4190, 4194
Ministerial statement by Hon. J. D. Reid 859. Passengers and freight, 860; operating costs, 861; labour conditions, S61; betterments, 861; construction programme, 1920, 863; rolling stock, 863; rates, 864; Grand Trunk, 866; Hudson Bay Railway, 867; Operating costs-details, 867-9 National Transcontinental, 4199 Car shortage, ques. 999 Champlain market site, motion, 2015 Rentals, ques. 1461
Official and private cars, ques. 409, 422U, 4247
Operation-goods imported from United States, ques. 998 Orangedale-Cheticamp, 4263 Political patronage, 4194, 4221 Prince Edward Island Railway, 891, 4210, 4-245
Volume II; 1035-2002	Volume III:	2003-30783079-4017	Volume V:	4019-4591	.
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Volume I :: 



INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
Cannon, Mr. Lucien-Con.
Franchise Bill-Con.
Disqualification
Charitable aid, those receiving, 1816-7 Criminals, 1820 Election officers, 1075-8 False statement, made to affect election, 1067
Indians, 2055-6, 2087-8 Misfeasance, etc.-penalty, 1074-5 Non-electors and non-residents, 784 Point of order-school system, 2283 Proclamation, language of publication, 2287-9, 2306
Returning officers, disqualification of, 1073-4	,
Public officials, 1795-8, 1804-6 Telegraph, communications by, 1068 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1238, 1244-5, 1250-3, 1493-1500, 1505 Strike of 1910, 1549 Hurons of Lorette, 1152, 2014 Indemnity of members, 40S0 Indian Reserves, ques. 802 Industrial Disputes Bill-objection to 3r., 2200
Intercolonial, RiviSre Ouelle Service, ques.
597	.
International boundary surveys, 3294 Revis drill hall, 3727
Maple products-" sucre de fresne," 1255 Militia
Active militia, allowances, 3663-7 Annual drill, 3678-82
Natural resources of western provinces, 3293
Parliament Buildings-French reporters' room, 1425-9
Peace treaties and League of Nations, 347-66	.
Pictou harbour, 2186 Points of order
Franchise Bill, 2283 Militia estimates, 3667 Relevancy, Cockshutt, Mr., remarks of, 3672
Portland, shipments by, 653-5 Post Office Department, 3740 Purchasing Commission, 1474-5, 1484-5 Rural mail carriers, 1283-4 St. John river water-powers, 3291 San Remo Conference, 1465 Shipbuilding, 642 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4016-7 Supply, interim vote, understanding concerning, 754-6
War equipment-guns, 3662-4 Wharves, $123
Canso, Marine Hospital proposed, 2255
Canteen. See War Cape Race, 2117 Capilano Bridge, 3778
Capital and Labour. See also Popular Unrest; Labour.
Readjustment of relations, 373
Capital Punishment. See Criminal Code
Caraquet and Gulf Shore Railway, 4217
Cardin, Mr. P. J. A. (Richelieu)
SS. " Three Rivers," ques. 1897 Sorel Government shipyard, ques. 2180
Car leton- Victoria
Election, 1223
Visit of Ministers to, ques. 409 Car Shortage. See Railways Carvell, Hon. F. B.
Letter from-loading out of Fort William elevators, 565
Carvill, Mr. George, ques. 586, 4219, 4224
Casgrain, Mr. Pierre F. (Charlevoix-Mont-morency)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 71. Economy-anti-democratic policies, 72; prices, cost of living. Board of Commerce-production, 73; tariff-resignations from the Government, 74; proposed general election, 75; peace and work-the Liberal party, 76
Aliens in detention camps, ques. 314 Bankruptcy Bill, trustees, ques. 2414 Biggar, Mr. O. M., K.C., ques. 1462 Bilingual stamps, ques. 314 Board of Commerce, ques. 592, ques. 1740 Canners, 1045 Motion for papers, 2013-5 Price Brothers, 1789 Report, date of, ques. 2012 Budget, 2808. Grain Growers and Canadian manufacturers, 2809; the Government and Socialism-Liberal party's fiscal policy-new taxes, 2809; income tax-financial conditions, 2810; business profits tax

moving pictures- tariff, 2811; Board of Commerce, 2812; war profits-national unity, 2813 Business profits war tax, ques. 314, ques. 2012 * Canadian National Railways, 877 Car haulage cost, ques. 2313 Canadian Northern, ques. 2413
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[Stage Direction]
xix
Chaplin, Mr. James D. (Lincoln)
Budget, 2814. Messrs. W. C. Kennedy, Mc-Coig and Pardee, and Canadian industries, 2814; Ford car prices, 2815; Farmers' platform, 2816; manufacturers and duties on animals, grain, coal, etc., 2817; boot and shoe industry-canning industry

"no trusts in free-trade England," 2818; present condition of British trade, 2819; iron and steel industry of Great Britain, 2820; United States and tinplate-"who pays the duty"? 2821; local conditions in .Lincoln, 2822; freight rates as a form of protection, 2823
Food and Drugs Bill, 963 Income tax Absentees, 3303 Shares of no par value, 3239 Newspaper postage, 3751-5 Welland canal employees, 3138-9
Charlevoix- Montmorency
Customs collections, ques. 5881 Customs officers, ques. 415 Lighthouse keepers, ques. 319 Pensioners, ques. 994, ques. 1358 Postmasters and mail carriers, ques. 320 Public works, ques. 590; ques. 592 Wharf repairs, ques. 589
Chartered Banks. See Banks
Charters, Mr. Samuel (Peel)
Alien immigrants, 818
Departmental printing plants, ques. 1738
Cheese. See Dairy
Cheese Factories. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Cheques and Promissory Notes, taxes on, 2487
Cheticamp, life saving station, 2115
Chicoutimi, defaulters, ques. 409.
Child Labour, 368
Children and Income Tax, 2928, 3297
Chinese in Canada, ques. 805.
Chisholm, Mr. Alexander W. (Inverness) Buoy service, 2116
Canadian Government Merchant Marine Captains, ques. 1624 Withholding of information, 1653 Canadian National Railways, 4236 Orangedale-Cheticamp line,' 4239 Canadian Wheat Board, ques. 801
Chisholm, Mr. Alexander W.-Con,
Federal Emergency fund, ques. 998, ques. 1199
Grand Etang, 2114, 3779-S0 Icebreakers, 1610 Illustration farms, 2390 Inverness railway, ques. 319, 4236 Lighthouses
Lighthouse Board, 2117-8 Lightkeepers' salaries, 2114 Margaree island, telephones, 2124 Marine department, 2121 Marine hospitals, 3554 Militia, headquarters staff, ques., 1511 Port Hood, 3159 Registration of shipping, 1614 Soldier Settlement, aid to fishermen, 1691 Wrecks, investigation, 1612
Chisholm, Col. H. A., ques. 3359
Chopped Feeds. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Choquette, Ex-Senator P. A., ques. 2572
Cimon, Mr., and Military Service Act, ques. 1461, ques. 1462
Cinematographic Films, tax on, ques. 3489. See 'also Moving pictures.
Civil Service. See also Civil Service Act Arndts. For departments see their titles Additions to, 2642, 2675, 2941, 3005, 3145, 3408
Analysts and inspectors under Food and Drugs Act, 964
Appointments-soldiers serving in Bermuda, ques. 1461 Bonus, 1269, 3228
Cheques, preparation of, 1280, 1285 'Lightkeepers, 2110 Regulations, 1274
Salaries and, ques. 2079, ques. 2311 Telegraph operators, 2182 Classification, ques. 84, ques. 505, 675, ques. 997, 1292, ques. 1624, 3769. For classification of the several depts. see their titles Arthur Young Co. 592, ques. 1511 Effective from 1st April, 1919, 345, ques. 674
Experts and, ques. 2413 Inside service, 4019, 4172 Motions for papers:
Ethier, Mr., 592 Fripp, Mr., 544,
Secretary to executive, ques. 2181 Vote to pay increased salaries, 4546 . Commission, ques. 997, 4563-7. For classification of the departments, see their
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Clark, Mr. Michael-Core.
House of Commons-acoustics and audibility of debates, 345, 1417, 2317, 2081-2, 3952
Housing programme, ques. 707 Income tax, 3120, 3124 Charities, 3312
Exemptions on account of children, 3300 Incomes over $100,000, ques. 3490 Indemnity of members and salaries of Ministers, 4435
Judges' salaries and pensions, 4425-6 McKenzie, Mr., and Liberal leadership, 89S Militia-active militia, allowances, 3666-7 Naval service, 4395-9
Additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 4381, 4389-90
Oleomargarine, 1785-6, 1848-53, 1855 Parliament Buildings, 1417, 1422-4, 1433 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3952
Committee-resignation of Mr. Peck, 2081-2 '
Public finance, economy in, 628 Point of order-Franchise Bill, 2223 Political prisoners, 1790 Race track betting, 3428-9 Saturday and morning sittings, 2783 Shipbuilding, 625, 647
Government programme ended, 905 Government vs. private ownership, 905 Profiteering, 898, 901 Subsidies, 899 Soldier Settlement, 2138 Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill Amendment, "Sales taxes," 3318, 3321-4 Changes proposed by Finance Minister, 3434, 3438, 3443
Collection, machinery for, 3325-7 Methods of-refunds, 3334, 3434-51 Progress of-retailers not collecting, 3479-80
Debate of Bill, arrangements for, 3454-5 Drayton, Sir Henry, reply to, 3448 Edwards, Mr., reply to, 3438'
New taxes not "excise," 3316-8, 3321-4 Permanency of taxes, 3479 Returned soldier, exemption of-amdt (Mr. Lemieux) 3448 Steel and Shipping merger, 1948-54
Clements, Mr. H. S. (Comox-Alberni) Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 3876 Recall, the, 2042
Skeena and Comox-Alberni, 3868 Voters' lists, 2434
Fraudulent naturalization papers, ques. 4096 Opium and Drug Bill, 1755
Clements Mr. H. S.-Core.
Soldier Settlement, aid to fishermen, 1692 Vessel rates-shortage of ships, 1717-8
Clerk of the Crown in Chancery. See that title under Dominion Franchise Bill
Coal. See also Director of Coal Operations. See also Industrial Disputes Edmonton Board of Trade resolution, 322 Inverness railway and, 4236, 4241 Prices, 321
Purchases by Government Merchant Marine, ques. 1115, ques. 1623 Supply of-M. (Mr. Lemieux) to adjourn House to discuss, 3685 See also Railways, Car shortage
Coil Operations, Director of
Orders-in-Council, ratification of, 3360 Orders of laid on table, 3225
Coal Operations Director Bill; lr„ 3106; 2r„ 3175; com., 3185; com,, 3360; 3r„ 3690
Coasting Vessels. See Railway Commission; Railway Act Amdt
Cocagne, N. B. 3159
Cockshutt, Mr. W. F. (Brantford)«-Address in reply to Governor General's speech, 96. Parliament Buildings- Peace Treaty and League of Nations, 96; Christian Church and the Forward movement, 98; popular unrest; record of Union Government, 99; trade, Canadian National railways, 100; labour situation; farmers' movement, 101 prohibition, 102; Quebec and the trade question-general election, 100, 104 Budget, 2840. Congratulations to Minister of Finance, 2843; the new taxes, 2843; income tax-deficit on National Railways-West Indies, 2844; Mr. Devlin and outrages on negroes in United States, 2845'; trade conditions, 2S46; Canadian surplus, British deficit; Britian's national balance sheet; Canadian Merchant Marine-Mr. Fielding's policy when Minister of Finance, 2848; comments on other speeches, 2849; tariff-parable of the farmers-United Farmers' platform, 2851; protection for farm products, 2852; "implement of production," 2853, income tax defaulters, 2854; farmer candidates in Brant -the labour man, 2855; Canada and United States, competition in manufacturing, 2857
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Copp, Mr. Arthur B.-Con.
Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 1937-9
Assistant Chief Electoral Officer, 1514-5 Candidate's consent, 1095 "Ecclesiastics," 1077 Oath by elector, 1102 Personation, etc., 1159 Polls, hours to be open, 1921-3 Provincial lists, 3893 Amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) to 3r., 4366
Returning officers, 1576-81 Voting, manner of, 1104 Government steamers, wages, 1599-1600 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1506 Icebreakers, 2105-7 Maple products, 1255 Parliament Buildings, ques. 705 Furniture, 1421, 1427-8, 1434 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3956
Pensioners resident outside of Canada, 4048-9
Widowed mothers, 429 Post Office buildings, 3160 Re-establishment
Fishermen and loans, 4048 Students, 4048
Siackville public building, 3150, 315S St. John district pension office, 1742 St. John harbour-pilots, 2119-21 St. John river wharves, 2122-3 Scammel, Mr. J. K., 3784-5 Shipbuilding, 643, 660
Material, importation, ques. 1114 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4013 Special War Revenue Bill, 3329-30 Bank overdrafts, 3799 Sales tax, 3615 Tender and contract, 3160 West Indies, trade with, 1884
Copper, 4513
Copyright Bill, lr., 751-2
Corn. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Cost of Living. See High Cost. See also debates under Address; Budget: Board of Commerce
Coughlan Shipbuilding Company, 3300, ques.
Courts, appeals from. See Supreme Court Act
Courts Martial, ques. 1359
Cowan, Mr. Walter D. (Regina)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 224. Union Government an honest government-democracy and democratic measures, 225; tariff, balance of trade, 226; tariff and prices

income tax, 227; tax on unimproved lands-war-time elections Act, 228; naturalization of aliens-Board of Commerce, 229 Canadian Northern Railway Willow Bunch, Wood Mountain- western extensions, 3379-82 Coal operations, director, 3178, 3191 Experimental farms, 2390 Franchise Bill Aliens-certificate, 2085 Voters' lists, 2433
Provincial, adoption of, 2337-8, 2340-1 Indemnity of members, 4094 Last Mountain river dam, 3788-9 Natural resources development, 1021 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 390, 394, 3198
Scientific research, 2167 Superannuation of public employees, 394
Crerar, Hon. T. A. (Marquette)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 143. New Parliament building, 143; parliamentary government - League of Nations and Canada's status, 144; monetary exchange and trade, 145; natural resources and production - tariff - wheat production, 147; pulpwood-the "Agrarian " movement-by-elections, 148; luxury and income taxes, 149; immigration, 150; franchise and citizenship, 151; proposed general election, 152 Agriculture

federal and provincial control, avoidance of duplication, 2386-7 Bridges and the provinces, 3777-9 Budget, date of, 2126
Budget, 2896. Criticisms of Progressive group, 2896; government control in wheat not desirable-operations of farmers' business organizations- Timiskaming by-election and One Big Union, 2897; expenditure should be reduced-new taxes, 2898; business profits and income taxes-the tariff, 2899; the Government and protective tariff, 2900-Great Britain's fiscal policy-Britain and Germany, 2901; British trade and foreign investments -tinplate industry, 2902; British industrial' and social conditions, 2903;


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[Stage Direction]
Crothers, Hon. T. W.-Con.
Grand Trunk strike of 1910 and pensions, 1126, 134.9-51, 1541 Income tax
Charities, 3247-8 Suggestions, 3122, /3126 Industrial disputes, 2192-6 Judges' salaries and pensions, 4334-8, 4420-3
Opium and Drug Bill, 1641, 1646-8 Postmasters' salaries, 4526 Race track betting, 3427 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 391, 394
Crowe, Mr. S. J. (Burrard)
German and Austrian books, ques. 806 Shipping-sick and distressed mariners. 3104
Currency. See also Finance
Canadian, in United States, ques. 341 Copper-new one cent coins, 402, ques. 2007
Dominion notes and gold, ques. 588 Inflation, 107 Token money, 401 United States silver coins, 402
Currency Act Amdt. Bill (Coinage). Res. 399;lr., 402; 2r., com., 460; 3r., 462
Currie, General Sir Arthur, 3641, 3648, 3652-6, 3706, 3708
Currie, Mr. John A. (North Simcoe)
Balance of trade, 4329
Budget, 3053. Reduced tariff protection, 3053; Liberal-Conservatives and the Budget-how to secure greater markets

"jug-handled" free trade, 3054; home market for beef-effect of cotton duty in United States-Canadian conditions before protection-3055; danger of increasing purchases from United States-indirect and direct taxation -luxury tax and key industries, 3056; free trade agitation sectional-protection needed for glass, chinaware, silk spinning-tinplate

Canada's	opportunity and how to meet it, 3057; resources, population, wise and paternal government-injurious effect of free trade agitation, 30SiS; Liberals and manufacturers-luxury tax opposed- socialists influence, 3059; free trade and public revenues-Adam Smith on sales tax, 3060-"Who pays the duty?"-a free trade Budget. 3061; "going to the country"-Mr. Fielding's amdt. 3062; national policy approved-not pledged
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Budget-Con.
to support present policy further than next session, 3063 Canadian National Railways
Canadian Pacific Railway, and, 3384 Deficit-rates, 3382-3 Extensions, 3383 Political patronage, 4222-3 Coal operations, director, 3175-6 Franchise Bill
Chief Electoral Officer, 1071-3 Disqualification of candidates, 1086 Naturalization-amdt. (Mr. Euler) to 3r., 4368-72
Polling divisions, 1520 Returning officers, 1530 Voters' lists, provincial, 2365-63 Franking privilege, 3356-8, 3762-7 Fuel Supply
Demurrage charges, 4328 Special powers for Railway Commission, 4327
Grain transportation charges, 2634 Grand Trunk strike and pensions, 1122, 1131, 1138, 4511
M. to restore pension status, 1122 House of Commons Staff, classification, 1041-4 Income tax
Deficits and losses, 3241 Patriotic and charitable funds, 3245-S Stock dividends, 3238 Surplus revenues, 3252 Inland revenue, spirits, 3816 Luxury taxes-United States, in, 2528 National defence, 4303-5 Newspaper postage rate, 3351 Catalogues and parcels, 3356 Newspapers and propaganda, 437S Parliament Buildings, 1420 Pensions Committee Report, printing, 4321 Resignation of member of, 1085 Printing, Joint Com. on, 4257-S, 4321-2, 4503-6
Quebec's ancient fortifications, 425-6 Sick and distressed mariners, 2256 Soldier settlement-fishermen, 3220 Steel and shipping merger, 1960 Toronto
Letter carriers, 345 Militia property, 3728-31 Wealth, taxation of, 2527 Workmen's compensation Act and seamen, 2263
Customs. See also Customs Tariff Automobiles, smuggled, ques. 807
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[Stage Direction]
Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees-Con.
Rulings and Statements of-Con.
Language-Con.
"Knows that the statement he has made is untrue" 3549 "You are trying to fool someone," 3550 Matters sub-judice-Labrie brothers, 3849 Members
Honour of-Insinuation, 1186 How to be referred to, 2831 -"the hon delegate" 2032 Interrupted, but address not completed, holds the floor, 3'520 Recognition of by the Chair, 2756 Whips' list of names, 3045 Resume seat when Chairman rises, 2042 Right to speak exhausted, 871, 171S, 3086
Motion to adjourn debate negatived, 2951
Speaking, may not interrogate others, 2042
Statement of, to be accepted, 1224, 2291-2, 233-4
To keep the floor, must speak, 2242 Motions
Involving charge upon public revenue, 1513, 3587, 4052
Non-debatable-Com. rise, ' etc., 1044. 1082, 1585, 3617 Seconder not needed, 3587 To be in writing, 1263 Mover to close debate, 333, 419, 553, 1225, 3837, 3403
Indemnity of members-Sir Robert Borden, 4454
Negative motion, 1264, 1915 Nothing before the Chair, 159-7 Notice of motion passed over, afterwards called, 703 Point of order
May be discussed, 2032 Right of member to raise, 11 S3 Previous debate, 1397, 1677-8 Privilege-question not to be raised, 2918 Quorum, count of members, 964 Relevancy, 394, 645, 648, 656-7, 864, 915, 985, 1060, 1313, 1317-8, 1692, 3140, 3401, 3474, 3491, 3545, 3627, 3663, 3667, 384-9,3996
Appeal (Mr. McMaster) from ruling, 1327
Budget resolutions, 3338 Canadian National Railways Bill, 33845
Car shortage, 1317
Doherty, Mr., and Irish question, 1496 "Excise" taxes, 3318 Explanation and request for instructions-Special War Revenue Act
Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees-Con.
Rulings and Statements of-Con. Relevancy-Con.
Amdt. Bill, 345-5
Franchise Bill, 1064, 1071-3, 1176, 1196, 1197-8,	1932,	193-5,	2223-31,	2294,
2327, 2334
Amdt suggested, not moved, 2337-8 Canada Temperance Act, 2053 Documents re-read, 2294 Personalities, 2048-50 Reconsideration of clause, 1997 St. Johns election, 2239 Schedule, discussion of, 1999 School system, 2283 Sermon, 1077
Gould, Mr., election of, 2038-Grand Trunk Railway Acquisition Bill Section and schedule considered together, 1435 Strike of, 1910, 4511 Judges' salaries and indemnity of members, 3853
*
Militia estimates, 3656 Appeal (Mr. Cannon), not sustained, 3663-5 Militia-
Cockshutt, Mr., remarks of, 3673 Peck, Mr., remarks of, 3669 Tweedie, Mr., remarks of, 3667-9 Opium and Drug bill, 1746 Post Office, 3742-4, 4531 Reference allowed as for comparison, otherwise out of order, 3492 Unanimous consent to disregard rule, 2105	'
Ways and means, 915 Repetitions, 2286 Resolution, error in, 3628 Saturday night-time of adjournment, 4320
Six o'clock interrupts debate-procedure, 1034
Special War Revenue-questions, opportunity for, 3631
Suggestions to facilitate debate, Special War Revenue, 3564
Supply-motion for, limits of debate on, 872
Supply-reverting to previous item, 4565 Taxation-request for statement by Minister, 3597
Unanimous consent, 796, 1692, 1999, 2023, 2389, 3315, 3565 Latitude in debate, 2105 Reverting to former clause of bill, 1061 Stacey, Mr., on Indian Act Amdt., 4021 3r., of Bill immediately after amdt. in Com. 1256
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Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees-Con.
Rulings and Statements of-Cow.
Vote called, debate closed, 2242 Vote in Com., rule as to counting, 3673 Desaulniers, Mr. Arthur L. (Champlain) Batiscan bridge, ques. 317 Budget, 2623. Protest against existing government, 2623; reconstruction and economy

navy defiicits-general election needed, 2624; popular discontent, 2625 Hennick, Daniel D. patents of, ques. 1510 Loans to foreign countries', ques. 31S Mail carriers, ques. 343 Quebec arsenal, ques. 3862 Desjardins, " Ti-Noir," ques. 315 Deslauriers, Mr. Hermas (St. Mary)
Batiscan river, ques. 1230 Board of Commerce, M. for abolition, 1139 Budget, 3072. Workingmen and taxes, 3072; Minister of Labour and labour policy, 3073; present social upheaval-central labour exchange-distribution of Government contracts, 3074; employment insurance and health protection-stick together, 3075
Enemy aliens, naturalization, ques. 992 Montreal wharves, ques, 674 Proportional representation, ques. 803 Destroyers. See Naval Service Detention Camps, ques. 314
Detroit River
Liquor patrol, 2107, 2118
Devlin, Mr. Emmanuel B. (Wright)
Civil Service Bonus, 1270-3 Classification, 1272 Coal Operations Director, 3177 Food and Drugs Bill, 959, 1259, 1268 Franchise Bill
Corrupt practices, 1161 Disqualification of candidates, 1085-6 Non-electors- and non-residentsi, canvassing, 772, 785 Public officials, 1802
French speeches in House, translation of, 700
'Georgian Bay Canal, 914, 3177 German war payments, ques. 310 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1300-1 Honey adulteration, 798 House of Commons staff organization, 567, 75'3, 1040
Indemnity of members, 4091
Indian lands, 790-1
Inquiry concerning questions, 2416
Devlin, Mr. Emmanuel B.-Cow.
Jellic-oe, Admiral Viscount, visit of, ques. 310
Manufacturers, aid to in appeals, 321 Natural resources,-Wright county, 3813 Naval Service, 707-9
Orders in Council, Government by, 2020 Peace treaty, 1060-1
Railway cars-Canada and the United States, 8 811-2 Returned soldiers, 538 Shipbuilding, 914
Expenditure, how to be met, 917 Special War Revenue Liquor cabinets, smokers' cabinets and tea wagons, 3793 Tooth washes, 3793-41 West Indies-outrages on blacks in the United States, 2845-6
Director of Coa! Operations. See Coal Operations
Distressed Canadians, relief of, 4559
Distressed Seamen. See Canada Shipping Act
Distribution Office, 1037 Divisions. See House of Commons Divorce, 134
Divorce in Ontario and Prince Edward Island Bill, lr., 1573
Divorce Cases
Remission of fees, 4321, 4413 Documents, not sworn to. See Criminal Code
Doherty, Rt. Hon. C. J. (Minister of Justice) Administration of Justice, 3840-51
Labrie Brothers, case of, 3227,	3295,
M. (Mr. Casgrain) for papers, 2014 Admiralty Act Amdt., 2842, 3086 Board of Commerce
Constitutional questions, 3685 Murdock, Mr., letter of, 4476 British North America Act, 4168-70, 4379 Motion for papers, 811-2 Campaign funds, 1227 Canada's national status, 474 Criminal Code Amdt (French Version) 2571-2, 3081-5
Criminal Code Amd.t. Bill, 2840, 3410-3 Affidavit, pretended, 3414-5,
Marriage licenses, 3415 Age of consent, 3415 "Appeal Court " defined, 3410 Arrest on summoning of person outside province, 3417-8
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Doherty, Right Hon. C. J.-Con.
Criminal Code Arndt. Bill-Con.
Courts of appeal-Supreme Court, appeal to, 3422-3 Firearms-weapons, 3410-15 Gambling, 3415-6, 3427 Petty thefts and jury trial, 3421 Quebec, change of venue, 3420-1 Race-track betting, 3427 Re-election by prisoner, 3419-20 Saskatchewan and Alberta, appeals in summary convictions, 3418-9 Senate amendments, 4414-collectors of fares, 4415
Sexual offences, 3416 Uniforms, etc., unlawfully worn, 3417-8 Criminal trials
Motion for papers re, 2015 Eight-hour day, 454
Exchequer Court Act Arndt., 2003, 2201-4 Franchise Bill
Aliens-certificate, 2064-73, 2233-4 Canada Temperance Act, 2053 "Ecclesiastics," 1076
"Hours of the day," "standard time," 1994
' Misfeasance-penalty, 1074-5
Pollbooks to returning officer, 1078-80 Franking privilege, 3762-8 Grand Trunk Railway Acquisition Bill, 1298, 1316-21
Loans-amdt. (Mr. Fielding) 1536 Ratification of agreement, 1323-4 Strike of 1910, 1134, 1542, 1545, 1547-53 Amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) 1351 Habeas Corpus. See under this title Administration of Justice Internment cases, 4517-8
Irish question, 1496	__-
Judges' salaries, pensions, 3228,	3851.
4331-41, 4417-23 Juvenile Delinquents Act, 2842 League of Nations
Canada and the' Empire, 484 Lennox, Mr. Justice, 1232 Military Service Branch, 4516-8 Naturalization Alien enemy origin, 3920-1 Alsace-Lorraine, 3921 Certificate not issued, 3919 Oaths, administration of, 3919 Naturalization Act Amdt. Bill, 3682, 3915-21, 4416
Revocation of certificate, 3915-9 Newspaper postage rate, 3351 Pecuniary Claims Commission, 3858 Penitentiaries, 3409-10, 3858 Alberta, 3855-7
Doherty, Right Hon. C. J.-Co«. Penitentiaries-Con.
Dorchester, 3855
Portsmouth, appointments pending, 568 Purchasing agent, 3840, 3854-5 Penitentiary Act Amdt., 2848, 3409-10 Pension as ex-judge, 298-9
Personal position in relation to pension, 4423
Purchasing Commission, 4582-3 Quebec riots of 1918, 1211 St. James by-election, 707, 787 St. Peter river, floods, 859 Shipbuilding, contracts and tenders, 664-6 Stoneham, the	late	Finlay, 568Supreme	Court Act	Amdt., 2003-4, 2315-8,
Supreme Court reports, 3855
Washington, Canadian minister at, 2469-73
Dominion Alliance, 807
Dominion Arsenals, Quebec, 3717, ques. 3862
Dominion Canners, ques. 415. See also Board of Commerce
Dominion Franchise Bill, lr., 338, 2r., 710; 756-775; com., 775, 1061; 1085; 1103, 1152,	1160,	1165,	1175, 1512, 1574,	1790,1916,	1985,	2023,	2082, 2204, 2267,	2269,2318,	2417,	3864,	4264; 3r„ 4379
Arndts.-recorded divisions;
1.	By-elections; 2. Provincial lists;
3. Naturalization; 4. Propaganda;
5.	Publicity of contribution, 4360-79 Debate of Bill, arrangements for, 1072, 1166, 1198, 1837, 1944-5, 2417, 2430-2, 3901
Com. on forms, 2001 Non-contentious clauses, 776 Printing, copies of Bill, 704 Statement as to additions, 582 Translation into French, 1061 Sections and subjects discussed:
Accidents and errors-provisions in case of, 1110
Advance polls, 1162, 1933, 1998, 3864, 3873, 4271 List of, 3875
Agents and officers to vote, 1918 Aliens, 340. See also that title Certificate, 2057, 2082, 2204 Amdt. (Mr. Euler) neg. 2224 Amdt. (Mr. Pardee) moved 2225-6, neg. 2242
Amdt. to 3r. (Mr. Euler) 4369; neg. 4373
Armed strangers, 1108 Assistant Chief Electoral Officer, 1513. 4269-70
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[Stage Direction]
xxxiii
Dominion Franchise Bill-Con.
Sections and subjects discussed-Con. Orders In Council, repeal of, 776 Orientals, 1811, 1820
Paid propaganda-amdt. (Mr.-McMaster) to 3r„ 4374
Peace and good order, 1105 Liquor, 1108 Penalties, 1160
Personal registration of voters, rules for, 3901, 3907 Rules, 4272 "Plugging," 2350
Political contributions. See under this title Contributions.
Poll books to returning officer, 1078 Polls
Hours to be open, 1919 Pencil provided, 1102 When to be held, 1101 Polling divisions, 1516, 1811, 1995 Polling place-parties present, 109S, 1102 Additional, 1826
Population and status of place, 2320 Present laws, insufficiency of, 710, 724 Printers' name, 779
Proclamation-language of publication, 1918, 2267, 2277, 1828, (Amdt) Mr. Tur-geon, 1834
Mailed to postmaster, 1080 Notices, etc., 2319 Provincial lists
Amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) to 3r., 4363; neg. 4366 Jurisdiction, 339, 3889 Qualification of electors, 1811, 4271. See also under this title Aliens Indians, 2055 Recall, the, 2023-5
Amdt. (Mr. Tweedie) 2023-5, neg. 2052 Recount by Judge, 1110i If judge fails to act, 1110 Registrar and enumerator, 1096 Registrars, 720, 728, 3899
Public officers, choice of, as, 722 Registration of voters Interrogatories, 1167 ' Removing notices, 7791 "Residence," 1159 ^Returning officer, 720, 759
Civil Service Commission, proposed appointment by, 1809 Duty on receipt of writ, 1516 Further duty of, 1096 Oath of, 1166
Rules for personal registration amdts. 3901
Rural municipalities* 339 Schedules, 1166
Dominion Franchise Bill-Con.
Sections and subjects discussed-Con. Secrecy during poll, 1103 Staff and temporary assistance, 1073 Swearing in of names. See under this title Voters' list.
Swearing in voters, 721 Telegraph communications by, 1068, 1198 Time element, the, 728 Voters' lists, 2319 Corrections in, 1103 Married woman's name, 1827 New lists* 1825, 1997
Not necessary, 1826, 4272 Preparation of, 3878, 4271 Provincial, use of, 2417. See also under this title Provincial Voting
By mail, 1163 By proxy, 1162 Manner of, 1103 On certificate, 1098
War-time Elections Act, effect of, 711, 725, 734, 765 Women voters, 2418 Writs, 1073, 1166
Nomination-election-delay, 1092 To be addressed to returning officers, 1515
Dominion Land Surveyors. See Land Surveyors
Dominion Lands, acreage unsold in West, ques. 1118
Dominion Lands and Parks, 3283
Dominion Lands Act Amendment Bills
1.	Alien Homesteaders, lr., 7?I4; 2r., 1048,
1233; com., 1233; Consolidated with Bill following
2.	Soldiers of Associated Powers. lr.,
1113; 2r., com., 123®; 3r„ 1235
Dominion Police. See Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Dominion Steamers, 1598'
Dominion Steel Corporation, 623
Dominion Troops, -Services of overseas, Resolution of thanks from British House of Commons, 1159
Dorval Military Property, 3727, 3731
Doughty, Dr., and war trophies, 4557
Douglas, Mr. James M. (Strathcona)
Budget, 2838. Tariff for revenue, 2838; income tax-manufacturers and farmers, and prices, 2839
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Douglas, Mr. James M.-Con,
Franchise Bill
Counting and reporting vote, 1109 Oath by elector, 1102 Polling divisions, 1517 Polls, hours to be open, 1924 Returning officers, 1584 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1458' Rulings and statements as Chairman Bills, printed in both languages, 3251 Soldiers Settlement Act-cattle branding, 1698
Special War Revenue Arndt. Bill Bank overdrafts, 3798 Candy, 3592 Carpets and rugs, 3585 Hats, 3453
Jams and marmalades, 3796 Underwear, 3453-4, 3567
Douglas, Mr. John C. (Cape Breton South and Richmond)
Coal purchases by Canadian Merchant Marine, ques. 1115	,
Drayton, Hon. Sir Henry (Minister of Finance)
Auditor General's report, 458, 2179, 2390 Belgium, proposed credit, 583 Bonds, tax-exempt, 3339 Budget, inquiry as to, 1047 Budget, the, 2476. Exports and imports (aggregate trade) 2477; national debt, 2478; inflation, 2479; trade with Great Britain and with United States, 2481; revenue and expenditure, 1919-20 and estimated for 1920-1,	2483; Grand
Trunk-acquisition, 2484; luxury taxes, 2486; motor cars, liquors, sales, stamps, moving pictures, 2487; income tax, 2488; business profits tax-customs war duty removal, 2489; tariff, 2490; resolutions, 2492 Business profits war tax, 3111-7, 3229-37 Public utilities, 3230-7 Canadian National Railways and Canadian Government Merchant Marine-withholding of information justified, 1679-80 Civil Service Bonus, 1269-71, 1279-89 Slide masters, 1279 Insurance, 1054-6, 1779-81 Retirement fund, 459-60 Currency (coinage) 399, 401 Exchange and, 461 Currency Act Amdt., 460-2 Customs Tariff Act Amdt. Bill, 3110-1, 3174
Drayton, Hon. Sir Henry-Con.
Demobilization. See under this title, War Loans
Gas and electricity, tax, 3111-4 Gold shipment to New York, 181 Government annuities, 402-6, 462-3 Income War Tax Act Amdt. Bill, 3118-28, 3237-55, 3296, 3316, 4288 Absentees, 3303 Accounting period, 3305-8 Additional information, demand for, 3302
Beneficiaries, 3309
Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and, 3306 Charities, 3313 Consolidation of laws, 3315 Deficits and losses, 3240-1, 3297 Delinquents, disputable assessments, 3118-27
Distraint of goods, 3304 Dividends, when liable, 3305-6 Earned and unearned incomes, 3309-10 Errors in returns, 3315-6 Estate accumulating in trust, 3243, 3309 Exemptions on account of children, 3297 Five per cent added, 3251-2 Graduated tax, 3126 " Householders," 3249, 3315 Indemnity of members and, 3306, 3310-1 Installments, 3301, 3253 Partnerships, 3252 Part payment with return, 3253 Patriotic and charitable funds, 3244-8, 3309
Penalties, 3303 Pensions, 3253 Refunds, 3301
Residence or investment outside Canada, 3249-51
Retroactive provision, 3304 Returns, 3253-4 Forms, in French, 1085, 1573 Stock dividends, 3238-40 Tax Bills delayed, 3125 Interim Supply Bill, 3215-8 Kingston Harbour works, 459 Loan Companies Act Amdt., 1776-1779 Mint, the, 615-6, 798 Newsprint shortage, 2967-8 Returned soldiers' insurance, Senate amdts., 4466
Returns and questions, 753 Scottish Canadian Insurance Corporation, 583-4
Session of Parliament, tipe of, 3217 Shipbuilding, cost of-not another popular loan, 917
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INDEX-1920 XXXV

[Stage Direction]
Drayton, Hon. Sir Henry-Con.
Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3988-4017, 4155-68 Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill Administration-cards	of directions,
3480, 3791
Amdt. (Mr. Crerar). Taxes payable at source, 3483-7 Auctions, 3575 Automobiles, 3597, 3793 Bank overdrafts, 3624-5, 3798-3800 Beer used to make vinegar, 8604 Binder twine, 3623 Boats, canoes, etc., 3588-92 Boots, 3563-3585 Breakfast foods, 3795 Bric-a-brac, 3576 Candy, 3592-4 Caps, 3566, 3790 Carpets and rugs, 3585 Chandeliers, 3578
Changes made in resolutions, 3345 Clark, Mr. M., reply to, 3442-5, 3449 Date of coming into effect, 3607, 3629 Defended-precedent of 1896, 3444 Duties paid before, 3624 List and explanation, 3561-2 Chewing gum, 3594 Clocks and watches, 3574 Clothes, 3564, 4289-90 Collection,
Method of, 3465-8, 3458-9 Progress of-retailers and collections, 3479
" Consumer," how defined, 3795 Containers, 3633-4 Curtains, 3578
Debate of, arrangements for, 3454-6 Dresses, except silk, 3587 Duties paid before changes, 3624 " Excise and sale " and luxury taxes, 3316, 3319-20, 3465-8 Amdt. (Mr. Lemieux), exemption of returned soldiers, 3447 Explanation and answering of questions, 3326-35 Firearms, 3595, 3793 Food, 3616, 3795 Fountain pens, etc., 3577-8, 4289 Furniture, 3575-6
Gas and electric light fixtures, 3597 Glass, cut, 3569 '
Imports and manufactures, 3566 Instructions issued, 3791, 3480 Jams and marmalades, 3796 Jewellery, 3578-85 Licenses, 3581 Medals, 3585
Wedding rings, 3584, 3797
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Drayton, Hon. Sir Henry-Con.
Special War Revenue Act-Con.
Lace, 3792-3
Lace and braid, 3574
Licenses, 3606-8, 4290
Small manufacturers, 3797 Liquor cabinets, smokers' cabinets and tea wagons, 3793
Merchandise not delivered on May 19, 3613
Moving pictures, 3627-8 Musical instruments, 3595-6, 3628-9 Oriental rugs, 3577 Overcoats, 3586
Paragraph by paragraph, consideration, M. 3487-8
Peas (split), etc., 3795 Penalties, 4290
Permanency of taxfes, 3479	,
Plated ware, 3572 Playing cards, 3599-4000 Prices, how arrived at, 3790 Promissory notes, 3624 Proprietary medicines, 3600-6 Purses and pocketbooks, 3568 Real estate sales, 3796	^
Refunds, 3607-8, 3629-31 Ribbons, 3574 Sales taxes, 3608-17, 3794 Foods, 3616-7
Manufacturers' agents, 3610 Senate' amendments, 4505-6 Silk fabrics, 3572-3 Silk kimonas, etc., 3790 Silk waists, 3632 Silksv 3563
Spirits and medicated wines, 3600, 3793
Sporting goods, 3569-72
Stamps, 4290
Stamp taxes, 3627, 3801
Stock transfers, 3625-6, 3800
Stockings, 3567
Tobacco pipes, 4289
Toilet ware, 3576
Tooth washes and powders, 3794
Underwear, 3568
Wedding rings, 3797
Wheat meal, 3796
Supply	_	"
Interim vote, 754-6
Taxation of mutual insurance companies, 2080
Trust and Loan Company of Canada, 586 Trust Companies, 855 Trust Companies Act Amdt., 1779 Victoria Shipowners (limited) 4584 War loans-oversubscriptions, 4137, 4180-1, 4287-8
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XXXV1 COMMONS DEBATES

[Stage Direction]
Dredging, 3781-90
Drugs. See Opium and Drugs; Food and Drugs; Proprietary Medicines
Dry Docks, 4567
Vancouver, B.C., ques. 316, ques. 3620 Victoria, B.C., ques. 3619
Duff, Mr. William (Lunenburg)
Archibald, Col. Grassie, ques. 2007 "Canada," steamer, ques. 1230 Canadian Government Merchant Marine, Ques. 996
Income and expense, 623 Information withheld, policy opposed, 1676, 1681
Canadian navy, ques. 540
"Canadian Recruit," steamer, ques. 312
(jape Race, 2117
Charlottetown fish hatchery, ques. 313 Civil Service Insurance, 1054-5 Retirement fund, 459-60 Dredging, 3783-4 Extension of trade, 1S84 Firearms-licenses-ship-captains, 3411 Fisheries
British Columbia, 3634 Department, estimates, 3521-5 Development of, M. in favour, 839 Food inspectors, 3539-41 Franchise Bill .
Advance and proxy voting, 1164, 1933-6, 2001
Peace and good order, 1107 Voters' lists, provincial, 2333-7 *Govt, steamers, crews, wages, 2112-3 *Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, branch lines, 1318-9
Halifax marine agency, 2110 Hanna, Mr. D. B. and Canada Steamships, Limited, 1742
Health Department and Civil Service Commission, 3543
Housing expenditure, 3550 Icebreakers, "Montcalm," 2112 Ice conditions, Atlantic coast, 2105-7 International Fisheries Commission, ques. 811
Liquor shipments and Marine Dept., 2108 Lunenburg, registrar, 2108-10 Margeson, Mr. J. W., ques. 1036 Marine hospitals, 3654 Masters and mates, 569, 984-6 Naval defence
Newfoundland, position of premier of, 3499
Naval service, 3516-20, 4395
Duff, Mr. Wm.-Con.
Naval1 Service.. Con.
Additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 44012, 4291-9 Badges, 437-446 Department
Ballantyne, Hon. Mr., statement as to leader of Opposition, 4412 Salaries, 4409
O'Connor, Mr. W. F„ K.C., ques. 3618 Oleomargarine, 1865
Pensions Board employees and soldier organizations, ques. 1116 Pictou harbour, 2184-89', 3493 Wharfage dues, 2189 Pilotage, 2120-1
Public buildings-payments, 3724 Roumania, shipments to, ques. 312, ques. 343
St. Lawrence river power development, ques. 1120, ques. 1230
Shipbuilding and Canadian Government Merchant Marine, 632, 641, 646 Expense and income, 904-6 Government ownership, 966 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4001-8, 4148-51, 4159-67
Sick and distressed mariners, 2256-58, 2260 Skeena river hatchery, ques. 412 Soldier settlement, and fishermen, 1690 Special War Revenue Act Arndt Bill, 3466 Bank overdrafts, 3625 Collection, method of, 3478-80 Motor boats, canoes, etc., 3588-90 Musical instruments, 3595 Staff, estimated, 3478 "Stanley," steamer, ques. 312 Steamboat inspection 1051-2, 1763-75 West Indies, 1885
Duncan, Mr. Walter, ques. 1117, ques. 2720. Dupont, Mr. Joseph, ques. 590 Du Tremblay, Mr. P. R. (Laurier-Outremont)
Allies conference at Ostend, 2476 Budget, 3063. New taxes and high cost of living, 3063; income tax-revenue needs as argument for new taxes-tariff commission, 3064; shipbuilding-the German war indemnity, 3065; England after the war-congratulations to Minister of Finance, 3066 Franchise Bill "Candidate," 1985
Proclamation-two languages, 1082 Newspaper postage, 3760 Ottawa city, agreement with, 988 Parliament buildings, 1427 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4005, 4609 War indemnity-Canada's share, 1084
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INDEX-1920 XXXVll

[Stage Direction]
Economic Conditions of the World
Peace conference declaration, 1888. Prices; peace not yet established; production, increase of needed; consumption, increase of; inflation of currency; profiteering; thrift; credit, difficulties in; co-operatioji of all classes needed; conclusions, summary of
Economic Development Commission, ques. 1896
Editorial Committee, 4322. See also Printing French member necessary, 4503-5
Edmonton
Alberta penitentiary, 3855, ques. 2777
Post Office, 4518
Deputy postmaster, ques. 1739 Papers, motion for, 1900 Money parcel lost, ques1. 412, 923
Edmundston
Post office and customs, ques. 2722
Education. See also Technical Education; Schools
Aliens, of, 819, 822
English speech among the foreign-born, 814	.
Federal Bureau of, 826
M. (Mr. Edwards) in favour of, 1362
Methods of, 820
Edwards, Mr. John Wesley (Frontenac)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 135. Reply to Mr. W. F. Mac, lean, 135; vacancies and by-elections, 136; Assiniboia by-election-absence of Prime Minister, 137; cabinet representation-Hon. Mr. Blondin, 138; French-Canadians and Hon Mr. Blondin-Wartime elections act, 139; Military Voters Act and its effect on election, 140; Opium, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie King and, 141; Hearst papers, 142; Quebec and its "hour," 143
Aliens
Immigrants and Canadian citizenship, 826 _ " Suckling traitors," 732
Budget, 2723. Tariff inquiry and revision, 2723; Liberal party and tariff, 2724; comparison of party records on the tariff, 2725; tariff amdts. of Mr. McMaster and Mr. Fielding, 2728, 2732; Mr. M. Clark and tariff proposals, 2729; Great Britain and protection- fiscal matters and prices in 1909, 2730; reciprocity, 2731; rural depopulation, 2733; Canadian agriculture and United States markets and competition, 2734; Mr. Crerar and the farmers, 2737;
Edwards, Mr. John Wesley-Cow.
Budget-Con.
Grain Growers' Grain Company, etc., 2738; protection not for a section, but for the country, 2739 Capital punishment, 308 Civil Service Holidays, 4059 Senate staff, 4059	,
Clark, Mr. M., record and views on free trade, 2729, 3436-8 Farmers' party, 610
Federal Bureau of Education, 826, 1362,
1384-5, 1396, 1400 Franchise Act, 733 Aliens-certificate, 2231, 2245 Contributions-Assiniboia expenses, 1187 Profclamation, language of publication, 1831-2, 1836, 2280-4, '2288-91, 2295 Recall, the, 2030-4, 2039-42 Assiniboia 1180-1, 1186 Registration-interrogatories, 1168 Returning officers, public officials, 1793 Grading export butter and cheese, 592, 609 Hearst publications, 142, ques. 993, 1290 Income tax Charities, 3312
Exemptions on account of children,
[Stage Direction]
Inspector at Kingston, ques. 2181 Indemnity of members and salaries of, ministers, 4083
Lighthouses and keepers, 2114 Military training, 3713 Militia
Active militia-allowances, 3671 Cadet service, 3712 Musical instruments, tax on, 3595 Oleomargarine, 597, 612, 1782-7, 1849-73 Pensions and re-establishment, 3941
Pensioner resident outside of Canada, 4047-9
Widowed mother resident outside of Canada, 4047
Portsmouth penitentiary, vacancies in chief positions-Stoneham case, 568 Press gallery reporters, 4503 Race track betting, 3430 Rural mail carriers, 4525 Shipbuilding contracts, 666-7 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4011 Soldier settlement, 1688-89 Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill, 3319, 3339
Changes proposed by Finance Minister, 3436
Stoneham, Finlay, deceased convict, 568 The Menace, ques. 1899 Timiskaming election, 1188
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INDEX-1920 XXXIX

[Stage Direction]
Euler, Mr. William D. (North Waterloo)
Aliens and franchise, 340. See also under this title, Franchise; Naturalization Belgium, proposed credit to, 582 Canadian National Railways, mail contracts and, 4530 Civil Service bonus, 4547 Eight-hour day, 357, 383'
Jurisdiction, ques. 509 Franchise Bill, 739 Advance polls, 3876
Aliens, 20-57, 2065-6, 2071, 207-4-5, 2091-6, 2227-8, 2231-2, 2240-2 Amdt. 2096 Amdt. to 3r., 4367-72 Voters' lists, 2429'
Provincial lists, 3895
Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1501, 1505
Income tax, 3126 Internment case, 4518 League of Nations, 357 Letter carriers, 4529 Naturalization Act, 3683 Alien, enemy origin, 3920 Certificate not issued, 3919 Imperial citizenship and, ques. 996 Revocation of certificate, 3915-8 Opium and Drug Bill, 1633-4, 1746, 1751-3' Parliament Buildings, 14'2'5-7 Postal employees' salaries, 2670, 3145 Roumania, advance to, ques. 348S Rural mail carriers, ques. 414, 4523 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4144-7, 4156 Special War Revenue Act Amdt, 3439 Auctions, 3575 Automobiles, 3598 Boats, canoes, eto., 35'9[0-l Collection, method of, 34-39, 3459-62 Furniture, 3574-5 Hats, 3562
Gas and electric light fixtures, 3596 Jewelry, 3579
Luxuries, on retail sale, list of, 3462 Musical instruments, 3628
Europe, distress in, 116, 4545. See also League of Nations
"Examiner of Estimates," 108
Exchange, rate of, 69, 112, 126, 145, 157, 165, 178, 190
Gold shipment to New York, 181 United States trade, and, 55
Exchequer Court Act Amdt. Bill, lr., 2003; 2r. com., 2200; 3r., 2204	.
Excise
Estimates, 3859-
Excise and Sales Tax. See also Special War
Revenue
Prices, effect on, 3329 Exhibitions, 45-58
Exhibition Buildings, use of by Militia, ques.
Experimental Farms. See also Agriculture; Commercial Feeding Stuffs, ques, 1360, 2382, 2390, 2412 Achievements of, 1()13 New buildings, etc, 3156 Ontario, extension in, M. by Mr. Sutherland, 1005
Swift Current, 4560 Exploration
Stefansson- expedition, ques, 704	[DOT]
Explosives, 2-24-8. See also Beloeil; Mines
Export Regulations. See Customs Act Amdt
Exports. See also Trade Hides to United States, ques. 313 Increase of and means to promote, 621, 626 Wheat to United States, ques. 313 Wheat to Greece, ques. 415
Expropriation. See Irrigation Act
External Affairs, Dep, 4534
Extra-Territorial effect of Dominion legislation, 4169
Fafard, Mr. J. Fernand (L'lslet)
Budget, 2717. Wish courage to those who have to pay taxes-railway deficits- standing army, 2717; militarism-new taxes-tariff revision, 2718; high cost of living and popular unrest, 2719; national unity, 2720
Cim-on, Mr., and Military defaulters, ques. 14-62
Civil Service classification, ques. 997 Dominion l-and surveyors, ques. 1115, ques. 2006
Flax industry, 693'
Food-price regulation, 1144, 1151 High cost of living, 1151 St. Camille-Cabano proposed railway, ques. 589
Farm Labour, 1011, 1220, 1227 Spring work, for, ques. 800
Farms, Fertility of. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Farmers' Account Book, ques. 315'
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Farmers' Movement and party, 102, 127, 153, 186, 196, 282, 1219, 1226, 2057. See also Canadian Council of Agriculture Subsidies and bounties, position on, 899
Federal Bureau of Education. See Education
Federal Emergency Fund, ques. 1199; ques. 2182
Fertilizers, 119
Fielding, Hon. William Stevens (Shelburne and Queen's)
Admiralty Act Amdt, 3086 "Allied and Associated Powers," 1234'
Bill-printing of in English and French, 1057
Board of Commerce, 1685 Bridges, 3772-9
British Columbia Indians, 952 British North America Act Amdt, 411-69-70 Budget, The, 2495. Congratulations to Minister of Finance in view of difficulties of situation, 2496; loans, stabilizing the market, 2507-2517; borrowing in Canada and its effect, 2490; revenues and expenditure, 2500; net debt, 2501; economy needed, 2502; tariff, free trade or protection 2,503; bounties, 2506; the Farmers' party, 2507; Liberal party and policy, 2508; tariff inquiry, 2509; amdt moved, 25'10 Budget, date of, 2247, 2318 Budget debate not limited by amdt, 2518 Business of the House, order of, 2314 Business profits war tax, 3111 Public utilities, 3231-2 Canada and the Empire, 493 Canada and the United States, 496 Canadian Government Merchant Marine, Crews, 641
Canadian National Railways Lockeport proposed extension, 3 0 8 5, 33 7 6, 4218
Nomenclature and legislation, 3390 Western extensions, 3390 Withholding of information, 1667 Withholding of information, 1667 Canadian representative at Washington. See, under this title, Washington Correspondence, 3081 Canadian Wheat Board, 4358 Capital punishment, 308 Civil Service Bonus, 1269-72, 1289 Insurance, 1056	.
Ottawa, taxation, 579 Retirement, 3825-30, 4460-5 Retirement fund, 459-60 Returned soldiers and, 3131
Fielding, Hon. William Stevens-Con.
Civil Service-Con.
Superannuation
Pensions, inadequacy of based on former values, 391 Principle approved, 392-4 Temporary employment, 3129-33 Coal Operations Director Bill, 3361-3 Concurrence in supply, 4586 Criminal Code Amdt (French version) 30S1-84
Currency, coinage, 399 DeCeiles, Mr., superannuation of, 2968 Dominion Lands Act Amdt (United States soldiers) 1234 Dredging, 3783 Dry docks, 4570-2 Eight-hour day, 380
Estimates and their discussion, 4586, 4589 Experimental and demonstration farms, 2385-6
Export regulations, 3621
Extra session, 1919, ques. 543
Firearms, licenses, 3410-3
Fish inspection, 1054, 4586
Food and drugs Bill, 956-69, 1257, 1260-2
Franchise Bill, 759
Advance and proxy voting, ll62 Aliens-certificate, 2072-6, 2234-7 Ballot and counterfoil, 1105 By-elections, simultaneous, 1090-1	-
Amdt. to 3r., 4359 Chief Electoral Officer, 1513, 4136-7 Successor to, 4270
Contributions-expenses-public treasury should pay, 1197 Conveying voters, 1063 Corrupt practices, 1160 Deposit, 1091, 1110
Disqualification of candidate, 1086-8 Election expenses, return, 1155 Election officers, fees, etc., 1111-2 False statement made to affect election, 1067
Nomination of candidates, 1090-2 Proclamation, 1081-2 Provincial lists, 2323, 2352-5, 2419-20 Amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) to 3r., 4365
Nova Scotia lists, 3899-3900 Returning officers, 1515 ,1521-5, 1632-5, 1581
Amdt-public officers, 1521 "Standard time," 1988-9 Franking privilege, 3358 French speeches in House, translation of, 700 ,
Government annuities, 403, 4528
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INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
xli
Fielding, Hon. William Stevens-Con.
Grand Trunk Railway, 1251, 1296-1303, 1356 Branch lines, 1319-21 Loans-amdt., 1504, 1537 London-Trafalgar Square office, 1251 Ratification of agreement, 1321-4 Stocks, value of, 1562-3, 1567 Halifax, Militia Dept. property, 3724 Hartney, Mr. E. P., 4566 House of Commons
Empire Day adjournment, 2575 Monday for Government business, 1464 Orders of the day-time taken by Minister in reply to question, 3425 Saturday and morning sittings, 2786 Staff, organization and classification of, 1037
Messengers, 30-97
Icebreakers - Nova Scotia south shore ports, 1607, 2124 Income tax, 3251
Charities, 3247-9, 3312-3 Deficits and losses, 3241 Dividends, when liable, 3304-6 Part payment with return, 3253 Indemnity of members and salaries of Ministers, 4078
Correction of press report, 4171 Separate bills suggested, 4380, 4464 Inquiry for return, 3226 Inspection and Sale Act Amdt
N-ova Scotia fruit growers, 2017, 3109 Jellicoe, Admiral, 386 Judges' salaries and pensions, 4418-2$ Doherty, Right Hon. Mr., case of, 4424 League of Nations'
Canada's contribution toward expenses, ques. 589, que. 618	_
Canada's status, 350 353, 366 Labour, 355-6 Peace, maintenance of, 353 Loan Companies Act Amdt, 1778 Lockeport, 3085, 3376, 4218 Lockeport-Froude's Point steamer service, 4514, 4284-5
Lotbi-niere and Megantic Railway, 4585 Maple products, 796-7, 1264 Militia, Contingencies, 3714 Mint, the, 616
Naval College graduates, 4662 Naval Service
Additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 4386 Estimates, 4316-20 Newspaper postage, 3761 Nickel coinage, 400 Oil-leases, royalty on, 3809-10 Oleomargarine, ques. 1117, 1787, 1856-74
Fielding, Hon. William Stevens-Con.
Opium and Drug Bill, 1750, 1760
Ottawa city, agreement with, 580, 991-2 Parliament Buildings, 1418-23, 1429-32 Furniture and fittings, 3155 Partisanship, extreme, 493 Peace Treaty
Bulgaria, with, 475, 493, 1058-9 Canada's position, 493 France-protection	against Germany,
Ratification, 475 Peat, 3807
Penitentiary Act Amdt., 3409-10 Pensions-widowed mother, 4044-6, 4050 Point of order-matter pending before com., 3652
Prime Minister and portfolio, 4456 Privilege-Press report - indemnity of members, 4171 Public accounts, 1839 Public buildings, none new, 3147	[DOT]
Purchasing Board, 1469-78 Registered postal rate, 3733 Registrar of shipping, 2109 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3203, 4575 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3997,	4155-6,
Sick and distressed mariners, 2265-6 Soldier Settlement, 1692 Fishermen and, 1690
Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill, 3320 Automobiles, 3599 Boats, canoes, etc., 3589-90 Collection, method of, 3464-6 Containers, 3615
Debate on Bill, arrangements for, 3454-5 Fountain pens, 3577-8 Furniture, 3576 Imposition, mode of, 3340 Jewellery, 3339, 3578-84 Musical instruments, 3596, 3629 Proprietary medicines, 3602 Sporting goods, 3570 Stock transfers, 3626 Sugar embargo, 3226 Supply
Interim vote, 754-6 Terminal elevators, 1878 Trade Commissioners, 1886 War loans
. Bonds, amount of, ques. 2008
Validation of over-subscriptions, 4180-1 Victory loans, 2520 Washington, Canadian Minister at
M. in amdt. to Supply, 2442-4, 2453, 3081, 4534-42
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[Stage Direction]
xliii
Ford Car, 119, 2815, 2823
Foreign Credits
Belgium, proposed, 582 Serbia, reported, 567
Foreign Relations. See League of Nations; Washington, Canadian Minister at
Foreign Trade, 2477, 2481. See also Budget
Forestry, 3285
Forests, Waterways and Water Powers. See
also Dominion Lands and Parks Com. appointed, 307
Fortier, Mr. H. A. (Labelle)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 132. Canada under federal compact, 132; Imperialism, 133; Canada's1 relations with the Empire- divorce-Labour's legitimate claims, 134; proposed general! election, 135 Budget, 2889. Congratulations to Minister of Finance-production and thrift- government extravagance

militarism, 2889; soldiers turning to occupations of peace-railway nationalization, 2890; Liberal fiscal policy

general election advocates, 2891
Exchequer Court Act Arndt. 2201-3 Hull and Montreal highway, 1113 Judges' salaries, 4339-40 Printing Bureau linotypes, ques. 670
Fort William elevator, 565, ques. 1358. See also Elevators
Forward Movement of Christian churches, 98
Foster, Mr. A. DeWitt, ques., 1201
Foster, Right Hon. Sir George (Minister of Trade and Commerce and Acting Prime Minister February 26-May 12).
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 35. Congratulations to mover and seconder, 35'; Opposition leader's criticism, 36; Franchise Bill-Grand Trunk agreement, 37; preparedness of sessional programme-government by Order in Council-absence of Prime Minister, 38; Peace negotiations and treaty, Canadian Ministers needed in Europe, 39; Ministers of the Crown in the Senate-commissions, 40; cabinet responsibility, 41; proposed general election-the Government's work and record-prosecution of the war, 42; Civil Service reform-Health department-scientific research, 43; women's franchise - prohibition - shipbuild-
Foster, Right Hon. Sir George-Con.
Address-Con.
ing-cost of living, 44; production- War Purchasing Commission, 45; finance-returned soldiers, 46 Amnesty, general, to political prisoners, 1790 Archambault, Mr., questions by, 709 Armenians, 855
Auditor General's report, 2179, 4276 Bill (Mr. Stevens) proposed introduction, 1216
Board of Commerce Canners, 1046 Correspondence, 3426 Motion for papers, 2013, 3863 O'Connor, Mr, reported resignation of, 1685
Porter, Mr. Arthur, dismissal of, 568 Robson, Judge, resignation of, 114, 1900 Budget, date of, 1465, 2126, 2247, 2318 Budget, 2510. Debt, gross and net, 2511; economy of administration, 2512; Civil Service policy, 2513; no more loans at present, 2-513; taxation to meet present needs, methods of taxation, 2514; forethought and afterthought, 2515; Bank of Montreal trading account, 2516; free trade or protection-Liberal party's policy, 2517 Business of the House Easter adjournment, 75<2 Empire Day adjournment, 2575 Late sittings, 1894 Legislation foreshadowed, 1789 Monday for Government business, 1464, 1573
Notices of motion standing, 1628, 2013 Order of, 2314
Wednesday evening sittings, 1044-5 Cabinet changes, 386, 447 Canada Grain Act, administration of, 1877, 3822-4
Canada Steamships Limited and Mr. D. B. Hanna, 1789
Canada Year Book, 1879 Canada's national status, 486 Canada's representative at Washington, 449, 1742, 2177, 2460
Canadian Wheat Board, 4323, 4098, 4110-1, 4341-58
Losses, possible, 4348, 4516 Magill, Dr., statement by, 4124-5, 4342-7 Telegram to Mr. Sifton, 4348 Canadians in Imperial Service, 857 Civil Service classification, 675 Correspondence, motion for, 592 Copyright Bill, 752 Daylight saving, 1574
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COMMONS DEBAITES

[Stage Direction]
Foster, Right Hon. Sir George-Con.
East Elgin vacancy, 11, 1085 Economic conditions of the world-Peace Conference declaration, 1888 Estimates and their discussion, 4588-9 When to be brought down, 567 Explosive works at Beloeil, 2248 Extension of trade, 1880-6 Federal Bureau of Education, 1398 Flax bounty, 1886 Franchise Bill
Disqualification of candidates, 1089 Returning officers, 1531 Statement as to possible additions, 582 French speeches in House, translation of, 700
French treaty, 3425-26, 4274 Gisborne, Mr, F. H., K.C., Parliamentary Counsel, 4587
Grain Exchange, closing of, reimbursement of losses, 4516 Grand Trunk Railway, 11 Correspondence, 1228 Stock, 754
Hearst Publications, 1290 jHouse of Commons.
Acoustic properties of, 1418, 2126 Debates, Translation of French speeches, 4588, 700 Staff, 1037
Hudson Bay Railway, 2014 Hurons of Lorette, 2014 Imperial Conference, 114 Industrial legislation, 1790 Inquiry for returns, 857 International Financial Conference, 1465 Ireland, condition of, 856 Japanese occupation of Vladivostock, 1945 Jellicoe, Admiral, visit of, 11 Joint distribution office, 1037 League of Nations, 567 Armenian mandate, 1465 French occupation of German territory, 1046
Marshall, the late David, M.P., 10 Mennonites, 2127
Ministers and Grand Trunk stock, 590 Ministers' knowledge of their business, 527 Naval service, ministerial statement, 708 Newfoundland, 4276-81 Oral answers to questions, 1623 Parliament buildings, 2, 1418-20, 1432-3 Parliamentary librarian, 114 Partisanship, 485, 488 eace, 230 eace Treaty, 485 Pensions and Re-establishment Com. Resignation of:
Foster, Right Hon. Sir George-Con.
Pensions and Re-establishment Com.-Con. Lang, Mr., 10S5 Peck, Mr., 2081-2
Pensions, soldiers, taxation of, 1895 Prime Minister
Illness and absence of, 9, 114 Return of, 2126
Printing, Joint Committee on, 4321 Public accounts, 1838 Purchasing Board, 1467-70, 1474-9 Questions not answered, 949 Railways, freight to Canada from United States prepaid, 1893
Returned soldiers, 520. See also, under this title, Pensions; Soldiers Cash gratuities to, 1082-84 Life insurance, 522 Returns, delayed, 459 Russia, 4322	.
Saar Valley Commission, 344
St. Julien, battle of, 1357
St. Lawrence route, insurance, 4515
San Remo Conference, 1465
Scientific Research, 617, 2176
Serbia, reported credit'to, 567
Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment Dept., 520
Soldier Settlement, 521
Statistical Department, 1880, 3296
Steamship companies, supervision of, 2013
Steamship Services
Cape Breton; Lockeport-Froude's Point; Magdalen Islands; Newfoundland; New Zealand; St. Lawrence, etc.; St. John-Digby; South Africa, etc., 4276-87
Economies in, 4287, 4515 Steel and Shipping merger, 1895, 1955-6 Sugar
Embargo, 3226 Prices, 1S96
Supply, Com., of, arrangements for, 1597 Interim vote, 755 Terminal elevators, 1878 Trade Commissioners, 1885-6 Universal military training, 948 Victory loan transactions, 2520 War indemnity, Canada's share, 1084 Washington, Canadian Minister at. See under this title Canada's representative at Washington
Water carriage of goods, 1216 West Indies, 1884, 2892-3, 3860 Foster, Mr. Thomas (East York)
Bell Telephone rates appeal, ques. 2009 " Excise and sales " tax, 3451
Returned soldier (amdt. Mr. Lemieux) 3452, 3455, 3458-9
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[Stage Direction]
Foster, Mr. Thomas-Con.
Exhibition buildings and militia, ques. 2009 Franchise Bill, 763 Grand Trunk Railway Head office, ques. 2008 Technical education, ques. 2519 Toronto
Grain elevators, ques. 1897 Harbour improvements, ques.. 2181
Fournier, Mr. C. A. (Bellechasse)
Board of Commerce, 3227 Canadian National Railways, official cars, ques. 409
Cattle embargo, ques. 340 Electric power, export, ques. 1624 Food and Drugs Bill, 958, 977, 1260 Hides, exports to United States, ques. 313; ques. 343
Intercolonial Railway, pensions, ques. 313 St. Valier wharf, ques. 1231
France
Advances to, ques. 318
Occupation of German territory by, 1046
Franchise, 25, 28, 36,. 37, 53, 114, 151, 155, 283 By-election lists,' ques., 310. See also Dominion Franchise Bill
Franco-Canadian Customs Tariff Convention, ques. 3684
Franking Privilege. See Post Office Act Arndt. Bill .
Fraser, Mr. Evan E. (Welland)
Judges' salaries, 4339
Fraudulent Naturalization Papers, ques. 4096
Freight Cars. See also Railways Grain and grain products in, ques. 1035
Freight Rates. See Canadian Government Merchant Marine; Railways; Railway Act Amdt.
French Language. See Language Questions
French Treaty, ques. 1788; 3425-6, 3684, 4274, ques. 4323
Fripp, Mr. A. E. (Ottawa)
Biggar, Mr. O. M„ K.C., 4265-6 Canada Highways Act, ques. 802, ques. 1119
Choquette, Ex-Senator P. A., ques. 2572 Civil Service
Classification, M. for papers, 544, 556 Commission, staff, ques. 2414 Printing Bureau, ques. 320, 3742 Taxation of incomes, 579-80 Ottawa city, agreement with, 579
Fruit Packages. See Inspection and Sale
Fuel. See also Coal Price, 321
Fulton, Mr. Frederick J. (Cariboo)
British Columbia Indians, 953 Soldier Settlement, 1695 Cattle branding, 1699
Gambling. See Criminal Code
Game. See National Parks; Northwest Game Act
Gargoyles, 1433, 1493
Gas, taxation of, 3106
Gas and Electricity inspection, 1887
Gascons Wharf, ques. 411
Gaspesia, resources, attractions and need of railway extensions, 4213-7
Gauthier, Mr. L. J. (St. jHyaeinthe-Rouville) Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 61. Quebec badly treated, waiting for its hour-war and the constitution, 61; Liberals and Union Government policies, 62; public unrest- Prime Minister's health, 63; proposed election, 64; party system and government, 65
Budget, 2605. Tactics of United Farmers, 2605; Liberals and tariff-Wheat Board, 2606; the Government and its record-Canada's production, 2607; currency, credit and gold reserve- profiteers and prices, 2610 Privilege-Complaint of Treatment by civil servant, 4097
Gauvreau, Mr. Charles A. (Tfjmiscouata) Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 209. French language-Hon. Mr. Chapais and conscription-Hon. Mr. Blondin, 209; Mr. DeCelles' retirement, Hon. Mr. Sevigny-Canadian National Railway shops at RiviSre du Loup-Quebec biding its time, 210 Arthur Young Co., ques. 1511, ques. 1740 Bank Act Amdt., inquiry, 1573 Business of the House-holiday adjournment moved without notice, unanimous consent denied, 2575 Canadian National Railways Engine repairs, ques. 3079 Cimon, Mr., collections by, ques. 1461 Civil Service, 670
DeCelles, Mr. A. D., 210, 2968; ques. 3489
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Gauvreau, Mr. Charles A.-Con.
Dominion Canners ques. 415 Dupont, Mr. Joseph, ques. 590 Empire day adjournment, 2626 Franchise Bill
Disqualification - charitable support, those receiving, 1813-5 French translation, 779, 1061 Indian agents, 3276
Intercolonial employees, pensions, ques. 589
Isle Verte, 3160 Lennox, Mr. Justice, 1232 Lightkeepers, 2110
Montmagny colonization lots, ques. 1229 Parliamentary librarian, 114 Pension Commission employees, ques. 2895 Public Works employees, 3142 Questions
Passed as orders for returns, 1743 Portion deleted, 1045
RiviSre du Loup workshops, ques. 315, 801 St. Malo shops, ques. 3079, ques. 3618 Saturday and morning sittings, 2626 Sevigny, Hon. Albert, 210 TOmiscouata railway, ques. 674
General Election, proposed. See Address
Genoa, International Labour Conference, 3359
Geological Survey, 3801, 4513. See also Mines Georgian Bay Canal and Shipbuilding, 915 Germany
Reparation by, ques., 1463, 2574	*
Allies Conference at Ostend, 2476
Germany and Austria
Books, ques. 806
Imports from, ques. 2416; ques. 3359 Trade with, ques. 801
Gervais, Mr. Theodore (Berthier) , Budget, 2556. Popular unrest, 25'56; tariff policy and its effects, 2557; agriculture, its opportunities and needs-manufacturers and high tariff, 2558 Butter and oleomargarine, ques. 2720 Canada Highways Act, payments under, ques. 806
Scrap iron and steel, ques. 1739
Sorel shipyard superintendent, ques. 343
Vandal, Mr. Calixte, ques. 1740
Gisborne, Mr. F. H., K.C., 4587. See also Dominion Franchise Bill; Chief Electoral Officer [DOT]
Glass, Mr. Samuel F, (East Middlesex)
Alien immigrants, 836 Board of Commerce, 1148-9 Export Butter and Cheese, 598-9 Flax industry, 675
Food and Drugs Bill-Toasted corn flakes, 1261
Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 3876-7 Deposit, 1095-6 Election accounts, 1112 Nomination, place of, 1092 Proclamation, language of publication, 2275-6
Returning officers, 1595 Oleomargarine, 1868 Opium and Drug Bill, 1639 Post Office Department, 3743 Prices, 1148-9 Soldier Settlement, 2133-6'
Special War Revenue Fountain pens, 3577 Gas and electric light fixtures, 3596
Gold, 3107. (See also Currency; Yukon) Commissioner, 3108 Shipment to New York, 181
Standard-Dominion notes and, ques. 588
/
Good Roads, 45. See also Canada Highways Act
Gophers, 3793
Gordon's Reserve school (Indian) 3269, 3278
Gouffre, Riviere Du, ques. 1121
Gould, Mr. Oliver R. (Assiniboia)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 124. Parliament building- Canadian Council of Agriculture platform, 125; Asslniboia election-trade and rates of exchange, 126; tariff and protection-water fronts and mines as taxable resources, 128; conditions in Assiniboia-grasshopper plague, 12S-; sessional indemnities for unrepresented years, 129
Budget, 2951. Finance Minister's great task -Mr. M. Clark's address-Mr. Meighen on Britain's policy and Condition, 2952; exorbitant protection-Dominion Textile Company, 2953; shoes and protective duties; Farmers' platform, 2954; Western Canada Colonization Association-names applied to Progressive group, 2955; Messrs. Stevens, Mowat and Stacey and protective duti.es, 2956; faith, hope and charity, -2959; farm implement manufacturers, 2960; apple
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[Stage Direction]
xlvii
Gould, Mr. Oliver R.-Con.
Budget-Con.
prices and protective duty, 29*61; lumbering industry and bousing problem, 2962; members of the House and special interests, 2964; wages in protected manufactures - proposed railway extension to coal area, 2966 Canadian Wheat Board, 4112-4 Civil Service bonus, 1287 Election for Assiniboia, 1 Franchise Bill
Contributions-Assiniboia expenses, 117284
Deposit, 1095
Recall, the, 1181, 20*27-30, 2037 Returning officers, 1590-3 Grading export butter and cheese, 607 Grasshopper plague, ques. 70*5 Indemnity of members, 4449 Indians and wild game, 3280 Parliament Buildings, 1424 Portal immigration hall, ques. 674 Recall. See under this title, Franchise Seed Grain Purchasing Commission, ques. 1117
Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4000, 4015-6 Soldier Settlement Act Cattle branding, 1699 Increase in stock, 1702 Special War Revenue Airplanes, 3592'
Caps, 3566
Trust and Doan Company of Canada, 586 Universal military training, 947
Government Annuities, 4528
Government Annuities Act Arndt Bill. Res.
402; lr„ 406; 2r„ com., 462; 3r., 463 Government Ownership, 124. See also debates under Canadian National; Grand Trunk Ships, of, 627, 659. See also under Shipbuilding
Government Printing Bureau. See Printing Government Steamers. See also Vessels Civil Service insurance for crews, 1779 Grain and Grain Trade. See also Agriculture; Canada Grain Act; Canadian Wheat Board; Commercial Feeding Stuffs; Seed Grain
Cereal shipments from Canada, ques. 1626 Dominion Seed Grain Purchasing Commission, ques. 1117	-
Elevators. See also that title Halifax, ques. 1116
Terminal, Port Arthur and Fort William, 565, ques. 1358 Toronto, ques. 1897
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[Stage Direction]
xlix
Guthrie, Hon. Hugh-Con.
Franchise Bill-Con.
Interpretation-Con.
Opposition, attitude of, 725'
"During: an election," 1986-7 "Election officer," 1987-8 "Election Papers," 1988 "Electors," 1917
"Hours of the day"-"Standard time'' 1988-9, 1944 "List of voters," 1989 "Members,", 1989 "Personal expenses," 1991 "Rural polling division," 1992-3 "Urban polling division," 1991 Liquor on polling day, 1108-9 Misfeasance, etc.,-penalty, 1074-5 Names not on list, 1926, 4272 Oaths, 3877-8
Naturalization-amdt (Mr. Euler) to 3r., 4369
Nomination, 1916 Candidates, of, 1090-6 Place of, 1092-3 Postponement of, 1096 Non-electors and non-residents canvassing, 784-6
Notices, 777-8, 1169 Oaths, .779-81, 1166 Elector, by, 1102 Ontario voters' list, 3880-98 Amdt proposed, 3896; agreed to, 3898 Paid propaganda, publicity of, Amdt.
(Mr, McMaster) to 3r., 4375 Pass on railway, 1065 Payment of voters' expenses, 1064-5 Peace and good order, 1105-8 Poll books, etc., to returning officer, 1078-80
Polling divisions, 1516-20, 1996 Polling stations, additional, 1826-7 Polls
.Hours to be open, 1920-6 When to be held, 1101-2 Population and status of place, 2320 Printer's name. 779 Proclamation
Language of publication, 1837, 1918, 2268-73, 2291-2, 2301 Mailed to postmaster, 1080-2 Notices, etc., 2319
Provincial lists, amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) to 3r., 4364. See also under this title Voters' Lists Qualification of electors, 4271 Aliens-certificate, 2059, 2076, 2085-8, 2092, 2099-2103, 4271 See also under this title Aliens, - Naturalization
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Guthrie, Hon. Hugh-Con.
Franchise Bill-Con.
Qualification of electors-Con.
Indians, 2055-7 Naturalization, 4271 Recall, the, 2044 Recount by Judge, 1110 "Registrar" and "Enumerator," 1096-7 Registrars, 3899 Duties of, 3909-10 Rural, attendance of, 3908 Registration-interrogatories, 1167 Voters, of, 4272 Removing notices, 779 Repeal, 776 Returning officers Amdt. (Mr. Fielding) 1574-6 Further duties of, 1096 Ineligible parties, 1073-4 Poll books, etc., to be sent to, 1828 Public officials, 1791-2, 1809-10 Schedules, 1166-9 Standard Time, 1988 Telegraph, communications by, 1068-9, 1198
Translation into French, 779 Voters' lists, 2319
Addition and elimination of names, 3909-13
Copies, securing of, 2319-20 Married woman's name, 1827-8 New-when unnecessary, 1825-6, 1997, 4272
Possible delay in printing, 3902 Preparation of, 3878-99, 4271 Provincial, 2417-23, 2430-4, 2438-41 Amdt. (Mr. Ross) 2324,	2329-30,
2333-4, 2345-66
Amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) to 3r., 4364 Voting
Language of voter, 1997 Manner of, 1103-5
. Notwithstanding disqualification, 1825 On certificate, 1098-1101 Women voters, Quebec, in, 2419.
Writ of election, 1166 Writ, nomination, election-delay, 1092 Militia
Active militia-allowances, 3654-74 Air Service, 4553 Annual drill, 3676-81 Cadet service, 3702-4, 3714 Civil pensions, 4553-5 Contingencies, 3714-6 Customs dues, 3716 Demobilization, 4549 Dominion arsenals, 3717-25 Engineer services and works, 3723-5
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Guthrie, Hon. Hugh-Con.
Militia-Con.
Estimates, 4548-55 Grants to associations, 3725-6 Military properties and maintenance, 3726-7
Dorval, 3731 Toronto,'3729-31
Ministerial statement and summary, 3636-45. Estimates compared by branches with former years, 3636; increase due to higher prices, 3638; permanent force and slowness of recruiting, 3639; returned officers, 3641; volunteer militia, 3642; barracks, rifle ranges, 3643; unity of directing organization, 3644
Ordnance, arms, lands, etc., 3727-32 Permanent force, 4548 Staff, 4548-55 Warlike Stores, 4549 Militia Pension Act, 4020-1 Quebec's ancient fortifications, 424 Returned Soldiers' buttons, unauthorized wearing of, 4020
Guysborough Harbour, 2124
Habeas Corpus	.
Labrie case, 3227, 3295, 3558, 3840 M. for papers, 2014
Halbert, Mr. Robert H. (North Ontario) Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 282. Parliament Building- Farmers' movement not a class movement, 282; popular unrest and its cure, 283; proposed general election-Franchise Act, 283; A United Canada, 284 Budget, 2941. Reply to Mr. Cockshutt, 2941; inheritance and income taxes, 2942; farmers' deputation on conscription-a former Conservative - the farmers and public affairs, 2943; public problems the concern of the ordinary citizen-economic as well as political democracy, 2944; public and press, 2945; profits system should function naturally-food production hampered-decrease of farm population, 2945; drawbacks to manufacturers-tariff tax on the coffin, 2946 Election for North Ontario, 1 Foster, Mr. A. DeWitt, ques. 1201 Franchise Bill
Contributions, 1191 Oath by elector, 1102 Recall, the, 2025
Grading export butter and cheese, 606
Indemnity of members, 4083 Oleomargarine, 1871-2 Soldier Land Settlement, 2147 Halifax
Grain elevator, ques. 1116 Marine agency-telephone, 2110 Halifax and Southwestern Railway, 3085 Halladay, Mr. H. H. (Bow River)
Alien immigrants, 820 Franchise Bill
Polling division, 1518-9 Income tax, charities, 3*314 New party movement, 126 Soldier Settlement, 1701 Hanna, Mr. D. B., 622, 642, 1679, 4183. See also Canadian National Railway Canada Steamships Company, and, 1742, 1789
Suit against Mr. Cahill, M.P., 2379 Hanna, town, 2379
Hansard. See House of Commons, Debates Harbours.. See their titles ,
Harold, Mr. John (Brant)
Food and Drugs Bill, 971 Indians and Franchise, 2055-7, 4035 Purchasing Board, 1485 Special War Revenue Binder twine, 3610, 36'23 Furs, 3569, 3791-2 Jewellery, 3579-80, 3584 Underwear, 3567
Harris, Mr. Lloyd, 1948
Harrison, Mr. Charles R. (Nipissing)
Budget, 3041. Iron and steel industry, bounties - French River waterway, 3041; Northern Ontario-Timiskaming by-election - Labour and One Big Union-class warfare denounced, 3043; Mr. G. B. Nicholson and organized labour, 3043 Eight-hour day, 382 Franchise Bill
Interpretation, 1991 Polls, hours to be open, 1921 Grand Trunk strike of 1910, and pensions, 1129
North Bay shore protection, 3160
Hartney, Mr. E. P., 4566
Hay, Mr. Thomas (Selkirk)
Campaign funds, 1222 Catalogues, postal rate on, 3744 Civil Service retirement, 3837 Franchise-voters' lists, 2441 House of Commons staff, 4566 Indemnity from Germany, ques. 1463


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[Stage Direction]
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Health. See also Food and Drugs Bill; Honey adulteration; Opium and Drug Bill Department, 43, 242, 263, 3539
Hearst Publications, 142, ques. 993, 1290
Hearst, Sir William, 3986
Hebertville-St. Joseph D'Alma mail, ques. 1000
Henders, Mr. Richard C. (Macdonald)
Alien immigrants, 835
Budget, 3015. Congratulation to former and present Ministers of Finance - direct taxation approved, 3016; income tax-removal of customs super-tax-postponement of tariff inquiry, 3017; personal position on the tariff, and on proposed taxes, 3019; party records on tariff compared, 3020 Canadian Wheat Board, 4351 Commercial Feeding Stuffs, 3408 Franchise Bill
Polls, hours to be open, 1923 Voters' lists, 2438 Opium and Drug Bill, 1645 Rural mail, 4529 Special War Revenue Caps, 3566
Henderson, Mrs. Rose, 2807, 2898, 3039
Hennick, Mr. Daniel D., patents of, ques. 1510
Hewitt, the late Dr. Gordon, 2375-6, 2382, 2402
Hickey's Wharf, ques. 706
Hides, exports to United States, ques. 313, ques. 343
High Cost of Living, 68, 72, 78. See also Ar-dress; Board of Commerce; Budget; Popular unrest; Prices of necessaries, (Mr. Burnham) 321
Highways.. See Canada Highways
Hindus, soldiers. Sec Dominion Franchise
Hinton, Mr. W. P., 1311	.
Hocken, Mr. H. C. (Toronto WTest)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 284. Controversy between Mr. Rowell and Mr. Murphy, 284; French language in schools, position of Orange order, 285; opinion of Senator Bet-court, 286; French Canadian aims and ambitions, 287; clerical influence - Senator David's book, 288; Quebec's local autonomy, 289; French Canadians
Hocken, Mr. H. C.-Con.
Address-Con.
and the war-Orange order's war record, 290; Orangemen and political party; Orangeism a bulwark of the constitution, 291; Orange Sentinel, 29(2 Alien immigrants, and Canadian citizenship, 821
Budget, 2659. Congratulations to Minister of Finance, 2660; new taxes and the masses, 2660; personal views on tariff changed by conditions - protective tariff necessary, 2661; development of rsources-economy through reducing number of civil servants, 2662; promoting efficiency in Civil Service, 2663; Canadian Wheat Board, 4113 Civil Service
Commission, employees, ques. 1121 Customs, employees, 317 House of Commons, employees, 1043 Inside, ques. 510 Dager, Herman, J., ques. 2182 Divorce Bills, remission of charges, 4321 Electoral atlas, ques. 317 Empire day adjournment, 2575 Franchise Bill
Polls, hours to be open, 1921-2, 1925 Proclamation, language of publication, 2296-9, 2301-2 Recall, the, 2036-8, 2042-3 Judges' salaries, 4338 Personal position as member, 2043 War profits in Britain, 2631-2
Hogs, raising of. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Homesteading. See Dominion Lands Act
Honey Adulteration Bill, lr., 582; 2r., com., 3r., 798; Senate amdts., 2314, 2412
Horseracing,
Dr. Rutherford's report, 540 Race tracks and betting, 3415, 3427
Horses
Carload rates on, ques. 2010
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3204
Hospitals
Alcohol tax and, 3495 Ste. Anne de Bellevue, ques. 1115 Ships. See Canada Shipping Act (Sick and Distressed Mariners)
Houle, Mr. Joseph, ques. 2313
House of Commons. See also Deputy Speaker; Speaker Adjournment, decorum at, 1838
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[Stage Direction]
liii
House of Commons-Con.
Privilege-Con.
Edwards, Mr., report in Ottawa Journal and Montreal Gazette, 4503 Fielding, Mr., press report, 4171 Gauthier, Mr.-complaint of treatment , by civil servant, 4097
Lavigueur, Mr.-Judge Lennox on nonEnglish speaking witness, 1231 Kay, Mr., reference to by Ottawa Citizen as member for " Mississippi," 2016 Mackie, Mr. H. A., comment on absence from House, 2968-9 Questions, inquiry as to, 949, 2126 Questions passed as orders for returns, status of, 1743
Quorum, attendance of members, 964 Report not printed as ordered, 2016 Returns, asked for, 459, 618, 857, 4258 Senate and,
Joint Committee on unification of certain branches, 402 Joint distribution office, 1536 Sittings, duration of, 1838, 1893, 4432 Morning and Saturday, 272/3, 2778, 3684 Two o'clock, 3080
Speaker's Chair, offer of from British Parliament, 3224 Staff
Bonus, 32:28 Committees, 1042, 4547 Journals, 1038 Law Branch, 1038
Members' stenographers, ques. 2311 Organization and classification of, ques. 590, 753, 858, 919, 949, 1037, 3092, 4172, 4414, 4459, 4504, 4563 Parliamentary Counsel, 339 Sergeant-at-Arms Department, 3094 Deputy Sergeant-at-Arms, 9 Translators, 552, 2093 Supply, Com. of-Friday rule-statement of Minister permitted by consent, 2366 Unauthorized distribution of documents in house, 1743, 1841 Vacancies, 160
Elgin, East, 1, 11, 1085 Kamouraska, 1 St. James, 1
House of Commons Act Arndt.. See Salaries Act
Housing, 3543 Adams, Mr., 3551-2 Demobilization and, 3543 Dominion-provinces agreement, 3548 Farmers and, 364 6	.
Houses built, 3545-7 Programme, ques, 707
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Hudson Bay Railway, ques. 806, 867, 2752, 4231, 4243-
Manitoba land, ques. 1897 Res. (Mr. Campbell) 2014
Hughes, Lt.-Gen. Sir Sam (Victoria, Ont.) Baker, late Lieut. Col., memorial to, 2776, 31557
Bolshevism, 3649 Canadian Wheat Board, 4123 Chauveau, Col., and Pinze, Col., 3666 Civil Service Holidays, 4262
Retirement of members, 4066-9 Currie, Col. John A., M.P., 3655 Currie, General Sir Arthur, 3648, 3655 Dorval military property, 3731 Franchise Bill Provincial lists, 3897 Registrars and enumerators, 3907 Fuel Supply, 3181
Special powers for Railway Commission, 4326-30
Indemnity of members, 4079 Militarism, 3649 Military training, 3704, 3709 Militia
Active militia-allowances, 3658, 3674 Annual drill, 3678 Barracks, 3648 Cadet service, 3704, 3709 Ministerial statement of Mr. Guthrie, 3648
Officers reverting to rank, 3681 Rifle ranges, 3649-54 Toronto property, 3729-31 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 4021 Speer, Rev. Dr., statement by, 3491
Hull and Montreal Highway, 1113
Hungary, 1059-60, 3983-4
Hunt, Mr. A. B. (Compton)'
Military districts in Quebec, que^. 1035
Huron. See Indians
Hydro-Electric and Ontario Radial Railways 3113-4, 4172
Ice-Breakers, 1598-1612, 2103-7 "J. D. Hazen," 1599, 1602 "Montcalm," 1606-7. 2112 St. Lawrence, ques., 317 New vessel for, 1620-1 Uniforms for men, 1603-4 Pair wage contracts, 1608-9
lie D'Orleans and St. Lawrence River Navigation, 3295
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Volume I:: liv	COMMONS DEBATES

l

lie Verte, 2111, 3160 Immigrants
Landing of at Montreal and Quebec, 3226-8 Immigration
Emigration and, ques. 1119 Imperial ex-Service men, 387 In 1919 and 1920, ques. 3862 Medical inspection, 355'5 Ontario and, 1012 United States from, ques. 1463
Immigration Act Arndt. Bill, rejected by Senate, 3426
Immigration and Colonization
Department, 4557
Conner, Mr. James, dismissal of, 415 Estimates, 3555
Imperial Conference, 114
Imperial Ex-Service Men, immigration of, 387
Imperial Munitions Board
Ships, ques. 1002
Imperial Press Conference, ques. 410
Imports. See also Budget; Customs; Trade Certain countries from, ques. 2182
Income Tax, 2488. See also Budget, Ways and Means, Taxation
Inspector at Kingston, ques. 806, ques. 2181 Returns, errors in, 3302
Forms in French, 1084, 1573 Toronto payments, ques. 592
Income War Tax Act, 1917, Arndt. Bill. See
Revenue Bills. For details, See Drayton, Sir Henry
Indemnity of Members. See House of Commons
ilndia, Status of under League of Nations, 361
Indian Act Arndt. Bill, lr., 386; 2r., ref. to Special Com., 704; 795; Report, 3617-8; Com., 4021; 3r., 4137, 4173 Amdt. six-months' hoist (Mr. Mackenzie King) 4179
Indian Affairs, Dept, of, 3273 Com. of Supply, in, 3265
Indians, 3265. See also British Columbia Indians
Enfranchisement, ques. 807. See also Indian Act; Dominion Franchise Gordon's Reserve, 3628


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International Financial Conference, 1465
International Fisheries Commission, ques. 311
International Institute of Agriculture, 2411
International Joint Commission, 3986
St. Lawrence river development, ques. 1120, ques. 1230
International Labour Conference, 798, ques. 803, 1790
Canadian representative at, 3359
International Parliamentary Conference on Commerce, ques. 2721
International Waterways, 3985. See also International Joint Commission
Internment, 4516
Inverness Railway and Coal Company, ques. 319, 2380, 4236-49
Ireland, condition of, 856
Iron and Steel Industry, 21
Irrigation Act Arndt. Bill, lr., 3358; 2r., com., 3694; 3r., 3702
Isle Madame, fishery officers, ques. 3294
Italy, advances to, ques. 318
Jacobs, Mr. Samuel W. (George Etienne Cartier)
Bankruptcy Bill, 920, 3260-5 Board of Commerce
Murdock, Mr., letter of, 4489-99 Robson, Judge, correspondence, 3769 Budget, 3027. Shipbuilding-advances to Roumania and other countries 3027; Mr. M. Clark and Mr. Fielding, references to Jews-advances unaccounted for, 3028; Canadian Northern Railway and Montreal Tunnel Co., 3029; immigration, 3030; excess profits tax, 3031; promises of members of Union Government as to continuance for war only, 3031; beer tax-East Elgin vacancy, 3032; Mr. Rowell's address, 3033
Business profits w'ar tax, 3111-7 Canadian National Pictorial, 4544 Canadian National Railways Montreal-Ottawa, 4190 Civil Service
Employees on public works, 3134-5 Retirement of members, 4065-6 Criminal Code Arndt. (French version) 3083
Jacobs, Mr. Samuel-Con.
Export regulations, 3622-3 Food and Drugs Bill, 978-9, 1264-5 Franchise Bill, 768
Aliens-certificate, 2069, 2076-8, 2097 Assistant Chief Electoral Officer, 1514 Chief Electoral Officer, 1070, 1512-3 . Conveying voters, 1062 Disqualification of candidates, 1087 "Ecclesiastics," 1070, 1075-7 Election officers, parties disqualified, 1075-8
False statement made to affect election, 1065-6
Indians, 2055 Naturalization
Amdt. (Mr. Euler) to 3r., 4370 Proclamation, language of publication, 2306
Returning officers, 1533-4 Telegraph, communications by, 1068-9, 1198
Grand Trunk Railway, 1488-91 Branch lines, 1314 Income tax
Distraint of goods, 3303-4 Not a joke, 3119
Indians, Christian missions amongst, 3268 Internment cases, 4517 Japanese occupation of Vladivostok, 1945 Naturalization, British Government, representations by, 3917
Peace treaty, United States Senate reservations, 1060 Purchasing Board, 1480 Sehelking, Baron, ques. 3618 Shipbuilding
Contracts, 908, 919 Returned men employed, 909 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4145-8 Special War Revenue Beer, 3605 Firearms, 3595 Overcoats, 3586 Stock transfers, 3626 Steel and shipping merger, 1967 Supreme Court Act Amdt., 2318 Typhus epidemic, 4545
Vessel rates-letter from Montreal Corn Exchange, 1727
Japan, 3670-1
Japanese
Canada, in ques. 805 Fisheries, 844
Occupation of Vladivostok, 1945
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Ivii
Kennedy, Mr. William C.-Con.
Parliament Building, 1426-7 Shipbuilding, 664
Vessel rates, proposed regulation, 17®
King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie (Prince, P.E.I.) See also Deader of the Opposition. Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 23. Mover and seconder-external affairs dwelt upon in Speech from the Throne, 23; Grand Trunk agreement, absence of documents- Opium Convention, food not drugs, 24; Parliamentary government, extension of term of Parliament, 25; Franchise Act, 26; War-time Elections Act, 27; Proposed new Franchise Act-vacancies, 28; Parliament a deliberative assembly-voting of supply, 30; government by Order in Council-Prime Minister's absence, 31; Cabinet changes-commissions and government, 32; cabinet representation and responsibility, 33; need of post-war policy, 34; amdt. in favour of early general election, 35; (neg., 303)
Air Service, 4554-6 Auditor General's report, 458 Bill not distributed-objection to proceeding with, 1057 Board of Commerce
Murdock, Mr., resignation of, 4170-77, 4466, 4460, 4499
O'Connor, Mr., resignation of, 3685
Robson, Judge, resignation of, 4258 British Columbia Indians, 792-3, 950 Budget, inquiry as to, 1465, 2126, 2247 Budget, 2969. Congratulations to Minister of Finance, 2969; no further loans- direct taxes,	approved-economy,
2970; Government's promise for period of the war-general election proposed, 2971; war-time spirit and extravagance-advances unaccounted for- contracts without tender, 2972; supervision of Parliament-loans to foreign countries *-[DOT] unnecessary appropriations, 2973; a profiteer's Budget-income tax delinquents-tax on war profits/ 2974; war-wealth taxes in Britain, 2975; the community's share in production of wealth-high cost of living, 2977; industry and taxation- taxes on capital, 2979; manufacturers and freedom of production-basic industries, 2980; urban and rural populations, 2981; Liberal platform on agricultural production, 2982; Health Department and tuberculosis, 2983; child life and welfare-National policy,
King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie-Con.
Budget-Con.
2984; Str John harbour and its trade, 2985; cargoes in as well as cargoes out-all classes to be considered in arranging taxation, 2987; Britain's industries and tariff policy, 2987; England -and Germany-Supreme Council of Peace Conference, declaration, 2988; Mr. Fielding's amdt., 2989; Government's promise of tariff revision, 2990; Liberal tariff platform and Mr. Fielding's amdt., 2991; Liberal party's fiscal policy-British preference, 2993; Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Fielding tariff, 2994; common ground for Liberals,' Farmers and Labour-need of unity on the part of those who think alike, 2995; two wings of the Government forces, 2996 Business of the House
Complaint of delay, 2778, 3506, 4102, 4274, 4314, 4547, 4586. See also under this head, Interim Supply Bill Defective legislation-complaint of, 2779, 3147
Hasty legislation, 2779 Legislation pending, 1789, 2723, 2779 Long sittings, 1893, 4432 Morning and Saturday sittings, 2778, 3684
Wednesday evening sittings, 1044-5 Canada's national status, 464
Constitution, power to amend, 468 Parliament, authority of, 468, 474 Sir Wilfrid Laurier and Sir Robert Borden, 472
Canadian Government Merchant Marine Business statement, 950 "Canadian Inventor", steamer, 3226, 3359 Canadian National Railways Grand Trunk loans, 881 Withholding of information, 1656, 1669-70 Canadian Wheat Board, 4102/
Cash gratuities to returned soldiers, 1083 Civil Service
Canadian National Railways employees, and, 3140
Classification, 3142-4, 3769, 3985, 4547 Insurance, 1055-6, 1779-80 Retirement of members of, 3836-9, 4063-8, 4461-2
Taxation of salaries, 579-80 Civil Service Bill-Senate amdts., 4059 Coal Operations Director, 3186-91 Jurisdiction, 3691
Orders in Council, ratification of, 3185, 3360-75
Cold storage and fox farming, 2407-9
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King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie-Con.
House of Commons Staff, 3099 Housing, 3>543-8
Expenditure for, 3543-4 Houses constructed-rural and urban areas, 3546
Icebreaker and car ferry, 1691, 1621
Uniforms of men on- contracts, fair wages, 1604-8
Income tax delinquents, 3119 Indemnity of members and salaries of ministers, 4075, 4431 Indian Act Arndt. 4029-39 M. six months' hoist, 4179 Industrial Disputes Investigation, 1900-15, 1971-4, 1977-85, 2190-7, 22'48-9 Interim Supply Bill
Opposition's intention as to advances in future, 3215-7 Irrigation, 3700-2
Jellicoe, Admiral Lord, visit of and report, 11, 344	*
India, 1290
New Zealand and Australia, 1159 Kamouraska, by-elections, 948 Labour Dept, estimates, 3821, 4512. See also under this title, Eight-hour day Labour, Minister of, 4512 League of Nations, 464
Ames, Sir Herbert, statement by, 2971
Canada's status, 360-7
Labour
Canada's status in relation to, 356 International Labour office, 355-7 Liberal Party's tariff policy, 21537 Little Sands, 4580 Magdalen Island^, 1601 Maple products, 797, 1254 Marshall, the late David, M.P., 10 Militia, 3710
Active militia-allowances, 8657-8 Annual drill, 3674-5 Cadet service, 3702 Contingencies, 3715-6 Dominion arsenals, 3700 Amdt. to reduce vote, 3721-2, neg.
Military properties, maintenance, 3726 Ordnance land, 3728 Permanent force Barracks, 4579 M. to reduce vote, 4548-9 Reply to Ministerial statement by Mr. Guthrie, 3645 Narrows, the, 3159 Naval Service	*
Additional	appropriation,	$1,700,000,
King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie-Con.
Naval Service-Con.
Additional appropriation-Con.
M. to strike out, 4313-6 After-war conditions, 3511 Correspondence and negotiations, 4408, 4503
Dept	[DOT]
Estimates, consideration of-agree-, ment as to debate, 4409 Debate should be deferred until Sup-plementaries, 3520 Increase of, 3506-8, 3512-3'
Halifax and Esquimau, 4390 Policy of government, 707 Pre-war lines, 3511 Submarines, acceptance of, 3512-3 Opium and Drug Bill, 1640-8 Control-statement of historical development, 559, 1761
Habit forming drugs, use of, 562 Orders in Council
Coal Operations Director, 3|185, 3360 Ottawa city, agreement with, 579, 988-92, 1047
Parliament, two sessions in one year, 4457 Parliament buildings, 4 Peace treaty
Bulgaria, with, 464, 1057-60 Hungary and Turkey, 3983-4 Parliament, authority of, 3984 Pensions and Re-establishment, Com. recommendations, special facilities for legislation founded on, 3957 Petroleum and naphtha inspection, 1916 Prime Minister,
Absence of, 138
Health of, denial of statement by Mr. A.
Thompson, 80 Return of, 2126, 2454 Prince Edward Island Car ferry, 2103-4, 1601, 1621 Railway, 891-2
Purchasing Commissioner, 1469-70, 1477, 1483, 4580-1
Resignations of cabinet ministers, 386 Royal Canadian Mounted Police Barracks, 4572
M. to reduce vote, 4574 Change of name of Force, 398 Expenses, 3003-8	.
Provincial authorities, and, 3196 Royalimilitary college, 3152-3 St. Julien, battle of, 1357 Scientific Research, 2174 Services during the war-personal statement, 1405
Session of Parliament,
Progress of, 2779
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Volume I:: King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie-Con. Shipbuilding
Contracts, 651, 892-4, 906, 909-10 Expenditure, meeting of, 915-7 Programme, 662-9 Soldiers
Cash gratuities, 1083 Great War Veterans' Association charges, 3223 Settlement, 1684 Speaker's Chair, 3225 Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill " Excise and Sales " tax, 3318-23 Licenses, 3607 Stock in trade, 3604 Speer, Rev. Dr., statement by, 3492 Statistics, including census, 1880 Steel and Shipping merger, 1959-60 Supplementary estimates, inquiry as to, Supply and Budget, 918 ' Civil Government, 859 Com. of, arrangements for, 1597, 1615 Interim vote, 754-5 Technical education, 1762 Timiskaming election, 1995 Trade Commissions, 1885-6 War memorial, 3228
Washington, Canadian representative at, 448, 2178, 2454-63, 4540-3 Arndt, to reduce vote, 4540
King's Bench, Court of, jurisdiction, 3295-6 Kingsmill, Admiral Sir Charles, 707 Kingston By-election, 459 Harbour improvements, 458 Income tax inspector, ques. 2181 Kingsville public building, 3153 Kinmel Camp, 709
Knox, Mr. Andrew (Prince Albert)
Budget, 3051. Increase revenues by lowering the tariff-farmers and packers, 3051; critics of Progressive party-attacks on Mr. Crerar-Canada should have greater population-immigration policy, 3053
Canadia-n National Railways, western extensions, 3388
Road and structural material, 3808 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3201 Stock-raising-sunflower ensilage, 2388
Kouchibouguac, 4578
Labour. See also International Labour Conference; League of Nations; Eight-hour day; Grand Trunk; Industrial Disputes; Bulgarian Treaty
Labour-Con.
Capital and, 16, 22 Employment offices, 4512-3 International Labour Conference, 3359 Joint industrial councils, 4512 National industrial conference, 4512 Washington Conference, 371
Labrie Brothers. See Habeas Corpus
Lachine Canal, work on, 3423, 3561 Bridge, 3778, 4236
Lafortune, Mr. David A. (Jacques Cartier) Indemnity of members, 3228 Lachine canal bridge, 3778, 4236 St. Anne bridge, 3775
Lake of the Woods, 3985
Lalor, Mr. Francis R. (JHaldimand)
Luxury taxes in United States, 2528-9 Oleomargarine, 1782-4 Special War Revenue Automobiles, 3598 Bank overdrafts, 3798-3800 Jewellery, 3583 Sales tax, 3609-17 Silk goods, 3573
Lanctot, Mr. Roch (Laprairie and Napier-ville)
Budget, 2766. Balance sheet, items entered as assets, 2766; Canadian National Railways, deficit - prosperity and prices, 2767; expenditure criticised, 2768; war and conscription, 2769; burden of taxation-low revenue tariff favoured, 2770; war profiteers, 2771 Indemnity of members and salaries of ministers, 4444, 4450-5 Amdt. in Com. negatived, 4457-S Judges' salaries, 4417-25, 4333 2r. of Bill objected to, 4341 Militia, 3650 Potato bag, 4562
Land Surveyors, ques. 1115, ques. 2006
Land Tax. See Taxation
Lands. See Dominion Lands; Indians Canadian Northern, in Quebec, ques. 1626, ques. 2008
West, in, ques. 1118
Langton, Brig.-Gen. J. G., ques. 541, ques. 811
Language Questions, 87, 110, 209. See also Dominion Franchise; Education, Criminal Code Amdt. (French Version)
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[Stage Direction]
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Language Questions-Con.
Auditor General's report, ques. 1627 Bilingual stamps, ques. 314 Blue books, ques, 992, ques. 1004 Calendar, House of Commons, ques. 2005 Customs forms, 3859 Debates reporters, 1425 Editorial Committee, 4322. See also Printing
Election proclamation, 1828. See also this title under Dominion Franchise Farmers' Account Book, ques. 315 Blouse of Commons, in, 697, 1039, 4587 Income tax forms, 1084, 1573 Lennox Mr. Justice and non-English speaking witness, 1231 Pensions report, 2016 Publications in French, ques. 541 Replies in English to letters in French, 1045
Schools, in, 285
Lapointe, Mr. Ernest (Quebec East)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 264. Proposed general election, 264; by-elections, 265; Union Government and public opinion, 266; mandate of Parliament, 268; cleavage between progress and reaction, 269; illness of Prime Minister, 270; Unionist party differences-Liberal party's attitude, 271; Franchise Act and redistribution, 272; Imperial Conference, 27®
Air Service, 4555-6 British Columbia Indians, 793-5 Budget Speech, inquiry for copies of, 2626 Business Profits war tax, 3113 Public utilities, 3229-34 Civil Service classification, ©55-6 Coal Operations Director Bill, 3370 Easter adjournment, 752 Electricity, competition and taxation, 3113-7
European distress, 4546	[DOT]
Exchequer Court, 2201-3 Federal Bureau of Education, 1383, 1401 Franchise Bill
Advance and proxy voting, 1163 Aliens-certificate, 2062^3, 2100-1, 221921
Assistant Chief Electoral officer, 1513
Canada Temperance Act, 2053-4
Chief Electoral officer, 4266-7
Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, 1072-3
Contributions, 782-3
Debate on, arrangements for, 1837
Disqualification
Charitable aid, those receiving, 1813-4 Indians, 2055
Lapointe, Mr. Ernest-Con.
Franchise Bill-Con.
Interpretation-"Standard time," 1989 Polling divisions, 1518-21 Recall, the, 2036
Returning officers - public officials, Voters' lists, 2418-30
Married Women's names, 1827, 2418-22
Gaspesia-railway extensions-memorial of Quebec Board of Trade, 4216-7 House of Commons [DOT] Notices of motion, 1628 Saturday and morning sittings, 2782 Staff, 4414, 4563
French translators, 1043 Journals, 1039 Immigration Act, 3426 Imperial Conference, 114 Indemnity of members and salaries of ministers, 4437 Income tax, 3242 Newspaper report, 4172 Indian Act Arndt. Bill, 4137, 4173-7 Industrial legislation, 1796 Lennox, Mr.. Justice, 1232 Militia, 3670 * Annual drill, 3677
Moving pictures-Canadian National pictorial, 4544
National Transcontinental Railway, rentals, ques. 1461
Naval Service-additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 4317-9 Parliament Building, 1424 Prime Minister's return, 2126 Quebec riots of 1918, 1209 Resignation for Kamouraska, 1 St. Jamei toy-election, 787 Soldier settlement, 1685 Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill- Quebec Board of trade and, 3457 Vessel rates, proposed regulation of, 1734 Washington, Canadian Minister at, 2449 Winnipeg strikers, ques. 2,181'
Lapointe, Mr. L. A., M. P., death of, 1 Last Mountain River, Dam, 3788-9
Lavigueur, Mr. Henri E. (Quebec County) Fiset, Dr., Michel, ques. 317, 4530 Income tax, exemptions on account of children, 3298 Lennox, Mr. Justice, 1231 Militia, 3678
Orleans Island, public works, ques. 810 Parcel post supervisor, 4530 Parliament buildings, 1429 Pilotage, 1839
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Lavigueur, Mr. Henri E.-Con.
Quebec riots of 1918, 1212 St. Jean wharf, ques. 31.7 St. Lawrence navigation, 3295 Ste. Famine wharf, ques. 317, ques. 810 Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill - Musical instruments, 3628-9 Telephone contracts, ques. 1627
Leader of the Opposition
Speech on Address commended, 45 War the, and, 222, 1405
League of Nations, 8, 12, 161, 246, 4320.
See also Peace Treaty; Washington. Ames, Sir Herbert, Financial Director of Secretariat, general statement by, 3961 Armenia, 855, 1465, 3979 Belgium, 3978 Brazil, 3978
Canada and the United States, 500 Canada's contribution to defray expenses, ques. 316, ques. 410, ques. 589, ques. 618, 3981, 4544
Canada's status under, 144, 214, 567. See also Canada's status
Canadian interests and representation, 567, 3982
Commercial treaties, 3973 Council of Nine, 3974 Disarmament, 3976 Eight-hour day, 449 Enforcement of decisions, 3975 German territory, occupation by France, 1046
Great Powers If they withdrew, 3973 Those not now members, 3983 Greece, 3978 India, 361
Labour-Washington	Conference, decisions, 371
Lenroot reservations, 496
Military contribution, 492, 502
Next assembly, 3977
Peace, 938
Persia, 3968, 3975
Public and private sessions, 3973
Russia, Poland, Ukrainia, 3968, 3978
Saar Basin, 3963, 3974
Secret treaties, 3973
Self-determination, 3978
Spain, 3978
Typhus epidemic, 4545 United States
Failure of to join, ques. 1118 Representation of, 3977
Leduc, Mr. J. Alfred (Westmovunt-St. Henry) Butter prices, ques. 807 Grand Trunk entrance to Montreal, ques. 413
Hoarding foodstuffs, ques. 807 Lachine canal work, 3423, 3561 St. Pierre river floods, ques. 11T5, ques. 4019
Westmount-St. Henri gatekeepers, ques. 998
Leger, Mr. Auguste T. (Kent, N.B.)
C. G. S. " Simcoe," ques. 413 Dredging, New Brunswick, 3781 Franchise Bill
Election expenses, 1932 Peace and good order, 1106 Polls, hours to be open, 1920-1 Proclamation-two languages, 1081, 1828-32, 2270-3 Returning officers, 1575 Voters' lists, provincial, 2332 Grand Trunk Railway, 1500-2 Inquiry for papers, 3769 Lightkeepers' remuneration, 1281, 2110 Milk tests, 2406 Oleomargarine, 1873 St. John armoury, ques. 994 Telegraphs dnd Telephones, 4576
Legislation. Royal Commission on, ques. 4502
Lemieux, Hon. Rodolphe (Maisonneuve) (Gaspfi)
Administration of Justice
Labrie Brothers, case of, 3227, 3295, 3558-60, 3840 Bankruptcy Bill, 3256-63 Board of Commerce
Chairman, resignation of, 3863 Murdock, Mr., letter of, 4486-96 British mails, 4531
Budget, 2786. The new taxes, 2787; economy needed-naval expenditure rumours, 2788; British safety valves- Mr. Asquith and Mr. Lloyd George, 2789; The Onlooker and leading members of the Government, 2790; repressive measures criticized, 2791; Liberal party and tariff, 2792; Mr. M. Clark and the late Sir Wilfrid Laurier, 2794; party government-national unity, 2795
Buffalo herd, 3283
Canadian National Railways and Gaspesia, 4213-6
Caughnawaga, 3266


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Lemieux, Hon. Rodolphe-Con.
Civil Service
Reorganization, ques. 3861 Griffenhagen and Associates, 3863, 4521-2, 3491 ^Holidays, 4261
Coal operations director, 3175 Coal Supply

M. to adjourn to discuss, 3686-8
Colonial Investment and Loan, 3859 Criminal Code Arndt. (French version) 3082 Customs
Appointments, etc., 3858-9 Forms, in French, 3859 DeCeiles, Mr. 2968 Divorce Bills, charges, 4321, 4413 Dominion arsenals, 3717-20 Dorval military property, 3731 Dry docks, 4567-74
Editorial Board, 4559. See also, under this title Printing European distress, 4546 Fish inspection, 4586 Franchise Bill Aliens-certificate, 2223-4 Proclamation, language of publication, 1832, 2299-2302
Returning officers-public officials, 17991801
French treaty, 3425, ques. 3684, 4274, ques. 4323
Goods arrived-date of delivery, 4505 Fuel Supply-special powers for Railway Commission, 4325-30. See also under this title, Coal
Grand Trunk Railway acquisition-arbitration, ex-President Taft, 3490 Habeas Corpus. See, under this title, Administration
Hartney, Mr. E. P., 4566 House of Commons Attendance of members, 4458 Staff-classification and organization, 4563-4
Income tax, 3237 Advertisements, 3240 Exemptions on account of children, 3298 Indemnity of members, 3310-1 Indemnities of members and salaries of ministers, 4442, 4458 Indian Act Arndt., 4137 Industrial Disputes, 2193-9 Judges' salaries and pensions, 4422 Labrie Brothers. See under this title, Administration
Magdalen Islands, 4282-4 Relief ships to, 1742
Lemieux, Hon. Rodolphe-Con.
Mail service, increase in, 4526 Military Service branch, 4517 Naval Service, 3513
Additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 4309
Navigation, Pictou-Baie de Chaleur-St.
Lawrence, 2186-9, 3492-3 Newspaper postage rates, 3349 Zone system, 3351 Nile Voyageurs, 3857 Northern Canada, resources, 3283-4 Peace Conference Labour Bureau, 4507 Pecuniary Claims Convention, 3857-8 Penitentiary Act Amdt., 3410 Permanent force, commissions to N.C.O's, ques. 3619
Point of order-relevancy, 3743 Post Office Department, 3735-43 Estimates, 4521-2 Reorganization, 3739 Rural mail carriers, 4522 Post Office and Customs Departments Rumoured investigation of, 3491 [DOT] Printing, Joint Com. on, 4257, 4322, 4505 Purchasing Commission, 4581 Quebec-GaspS service, 4282 Reindeer herds, 3284 Returned soldiers' needs, 3212 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3197, 3206 St. John harbour, 3492-3, 4567-74 Shipping federation, 2266 Sick and distressed mariners, 2260-2 Special War Revenue, 3444 Chewing gum, 3594
Returned soldiers, exemption of, Amdt. proposed, 3446-7
Supply, Com. of, Saturday, order for, 3840 Tobacco, 3819
Washington, Canadian Minister at, 2464 Correspondence, 3080-1 West Indies, 2892-3, 3161
Lennox, Mr. Justice, alleged statement by, 1232
Lesage, Mr. J. E. (Hochelaga)
Proprietary Medicines, ques. 1036 War Tax stamps, ques. 807
Letter Carriers. See Post Office
Levis Drill Hall, ques. 1360, 3727
Library of Parliament, 211, 1426 Joint Com appointed, 307 Librarian, 114. See also DeCeiles
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[Stage Direction]
Mackie, Mr. Henry A.
Federal Bureau of Education, 1374 Franchise Bill, 7'49
Aliens-certificate, 2091, 2096 Ballot boxes, 1097-8 By-elections, simultaneous, 1091 Chief Electoral Officer-Biggar, Mr. O. M„ appointment of, 4269 Conveyance of electors, 787 Deposit, 1094	*
Notices, 778	*
Oaths, 780 Recall, the, 2028
Returning officers, 1522,	1532-3, 1577,
Public officials, 1795-6, 1806 Voters' lists, 2426-36 Indemnity of members, 4074, 4448-9 Industrial disputes, 1910-11 Judges' salaries', ques. 1035, 4339, 4422 Deague of Nations, 3978 Marriage Act Arndt, 1787-8 Naturalization
"Disloyal," 3917-9 Galicians, 3922
Naval Service, additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 4404 New party movement, 125 Oil fronr tar sands, 332-3 Oliver-St. Paul de Metis Railway, 344, 871
Privilege-comment on absence from House, 2968-9
Returned soldiers, provision for M. for special Com. 513 Soldiers' widows and children, ques. 920 Saturday and morning sittings, 2781-2 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4005 Speech read-point of order, 2966 Washington labour conference, 371
Mackie, Mr. Herbert J. (North Renfrew) Indemnity of members and salaries of ministers, 4446 Rural mail carriers, 4524
Maclean, Hon. A. K. (Halifax)
Canadian Wheat Board, 4111 Civil Service Act Arndt. 3133-9 Judges' salaries, 4421-2 Resignation as Minister, 448 Scientific Research, 2169
Maclean, Mr. W. F. (South York)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 129l Union Government - Prime Minister and Parliamentary government, 129; proposed general election, 130	.
[Stage Direction]
Maclean, Mr. W. F.-Con.
Business Profits tax-public utilities, 322934
* ' Canadian National Railways
Public ownership-duplications-colonization lines-community centres-situation in Toronto-public ownership in United States coming, 4196-9 Canadian Wheat Board, 4361 Civil Service, technical officers, 45tl4 Coal-alienation of lands, 3811 Estimates and their discussion, 4589 Federal law-s, enforcement of, 4506 Fuel supply, 4506
Special powers to Railway Commission 4331
Grank Trunk Railway acquisition, 1439-42 Judges' salaries, 43136-41 Labour representatives, 4513-4 Newsprint shortage, 2968 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3947 Railway Commission, jurisdiction over telephones, 2413 Rural mail, 4526
Soldier Settlement-housebuilding, 1687 Steel and shipping merger, 1955-60 Toronto Union station, 3225-6
MacNutt, Mr. Thomas (Saltcoats)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 174. Proposed general election -census and representation, figures, 174; income tax and land value tax- the Farmers' party, 175; Liberals and free trade, 176
Budget, 2884. New party and its names- its platform on the tariff-former Liberals supporting the Budget, 2884; Mr. Stacey and duty on apples-Opposition tariff policy, 2885; effect of Budget on public revenues and on prices, 2887; income tax, land value tax, 2888; no tariff at all ffiut land value tax and if necessary other direct taxes, 2889
Canadian Pacific Railway freight rates, ques. 2010
Franchise Bill, advance polls, 3876 Indemnity of members, 4081 Wheat participation certificates, ques. 802; ques. 802
McCoig, Mr. A. B. (Kent, Ont.)
Agricultural machinery, standardizing, 2079
Apple barrel, 2018
Budget, 2626. Manufacturers and tariff- United Farmers, 2627; effects of policy on stock-raising, 2628; profiteering
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Ixvi

McCoig, Mr. A. B.-Con.
Budget-Con.
and Board of Commerce, 2629; prices, 2630; luxury taxes-taxation of war profits, 2631
Canadian Wheat Board, ques. 799, 3561, 4109
Chaplin, Mr., criticism by, 2816 Erieau port, 2115, 2118 Franchise Bill-voters' lists, 2350 Income tax
Part payment with return, 3254 Residence or investment outside Canada, 3251
Indemnity of members, 4083 Indians, enfranchisement, 4037 Opium and Drug Bill, 1705 Postmen, rumoured strike of, 3623 Purchasing Commission, 1472 Returned soldiers, provision for, 514 Special War Revenue Bank overdrafts, 3624-5 Chandeliers, 3578 Sporting goods, 3571 Stock transfers, 3626
McCrea, Mr. Francis N. (Sherbrooke)
Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1497 Stocks, 1571 Strike of 1910, 1570 Indemnity of members, 4454 Parliament Buildings, 1422-1434 Railways, purchase of by Government, 1454
Railway rates, 1498 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4013
McCurdy, Mr. F. B. (Colchester)
Budget, 2936. Budget should be circulated in condensed and popular form, 2936; supposed prosperity, prices, inflation, 2937; gold reserve-taxes and revenue, 2938; expenditures, public debt, 2939; sinking fund-effects o'f war extravagance, 2940; Government example needed [DOT]- greater efficiency and economy in Civil Service, 2941 Income tax-corporations, 3239
McDonald, Mr. Angus (Timiskaming)
Budget, 3039. Failure to catch Speaker's eye-Timiskaming by-election - Mrs. Rose Henderson-One Big Union, 3039; in honour of Canada's soldier heroes, 3041
Canadian Northern Railway, North Bay through, ques. 3619 Election and introduction, 1684, 1787 Industrial disputes, 1909-11, 1975-7 Personal position on labour questions, 1977
McGibbon, Mr. Peter (Muskoka)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 215. Exchange situation, 216; Great Britain's industrial efficiency, German competition, 218; protection, income tax, taxation of foodstuffs, 218; duties on boots and shoes, agricultural implements, free goods, 219; tax on farm lands, development of resources -Franchise Act, 220; proposed general election, / 221 Civil Service, 4059 Franchise Bill Agents, 1098
Conveying voters, 786, 1062 Disqualification, charitable aid, those receiving, 1818
Income tax-Charities, 3246, 3314 Indians
Gibson, reserve, 3277 Tuberculosis amongst, 3277 Military training and cadet service, 3710 Newspaper postage rates, 3349, 3354 Northern Canada-oil properties, 3281 Oleomargarine, 1870 Opium and Drug Bill, 1746-50, 1753-6 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3937 Race track betting, 3429 Returned soldiers, 514 Scientific Research, 2164 Special War Revenue,
Automobiles, 3599
Boats and canoes, 3589-92
Proprietary medicines, 3602
McGibbon, Mr. Peter Robert (Argenteuil) Parliament Buildings, 1434
McGregor, Mr. Alexander (Pictou)
Address in rep^y to Governor General's Speech (Seconder) 18. Illness and absence of Prime Minister, 18; returned soldiers, 19; after-war conditions- class divisions, 20; iron and steel industry in war and peace, 21; labour and capital, 22 Pictou Harbour, 2185 Voters' lists, 2361-2
Mclsaac, Mr. James (Kings, P.E.I.)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 221. Parliament buildings, 221; contents of Speech from the Throne-Union Government-leader of the Opposition and the war, 222; illness of Prime Minister-proposed general election, 223; reply to Mr. McKenzie, 224 Agriculture, 2395
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[Stage Direction]
lxvii
Mclsaac, Mr. James-Con.
Budget, 2864. Congratulations to Minister of Finance

trade and production, 2864; national debt, 2865; revenue and expenditure-new taxes, 2866; Mr. Fielding's amdt. and address, 2867; fiscal policy of Liberal party, 2868; tariff investigation and amendment, 2869; national policy, 2870 Canadian National Railways Prince Edward Island car ferry-standardization of railway - winter navigation-Georgetown harbour and terminals-invitation to Prince Edward Island, 4208-12 Car ferry, 2103 Franchise Bill
"Ecclesiastics," 1078 Polls, hours to be open, 1926 Voters' lists, provincial, 2860 Grading export butter and cheese, 606 Icebreakers, 2108 Lightkeeper's salaries, 2111 Masters and mates, examiner, 1610 North. Lake harbour, 31)59 School of navigation, 1612 Sick sailors, 3553-4 Soldier settlement, 2:152;
McKenzie, Mr. D. D. (Cape Breton North and Victoria;
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 46, 47. Congratulations, 47; new leader of the Opposition, 48; Montreal Gazette's and Hon. Robert Rogers' opinion of the Government, 50; Minister's absence from the House, 51; health of Prime Minister-extension of parliamentary term, 52; technical education - shipbuilding-production-returned soldiers-civil service reform, 53; Liberal policy-late Liberal leader, 64; exchange rate and foreign trade, 55 Admiralty Act, 3086 Appeals in sumary convictions, 3418-9 Arrest and summoning of persons outside the province, 3417-8 Banff National Park, 3770-6 Bankruptcy Bill, 3258-65 Betting machine, 3416 Board of Commerce
Constitutional question, 3685 Porter, Mr. Arthur S., dismissal of, 568 Budget, 2580. Tariff and tariff commission, 2580; the Budget, its purpose, 2581; revenue and expenditure, 2582; luxury taxes and prices, 2588; foreign credits, 25-84; governmental interference in
McKenzie, Mr. D. D.-Con.
Budget-Con.
trade, 2585; government and by-elections, 2)585; parties and the tariff, 2587; Liberals' and Farmers' tariff resolutions, 2588
Canada Grain Act, administration, 1877 Canadian National Railways Appointments, how made, 3140 Canadian National Railway Company, 345
Extensions, 3376, 3384-9, 3393-4 Victoria County, 4241 North Sydney terminal, 4251 Reply to general summary of Minister of Railways, 872 Taxation of, 3393-4 *Withholding of information, 1657-8 Canadian Wheat Board, 4114 Cape Breton
Need of railways, 87'5 Newfoundland steamship service, 4285 1 Civil Service
Bonus, 11270-2, 1276, 1280, 1284, 3147 Cheques, preparation of, 1285-7 Classification, 55-3 Insurance, 1780-Retirement fund, 460, 383)6 Salaries, 3541
Temporary employees, 3133-5 Outside Canada, 3129 War record, civil servants with, -3131 Coal and iron resources, 327 Coal mining-prevention of explosions, 3814
Coal Operations Director, 3-698 Orders in Council, 3186 Orders of, 3191	*
Cold storage for bait, 2408 Commercial Feeding stuffs-, 3409 Criminal Code
Change of venue, 3421-2 Courts of appeal, 3-428 Prisoner, re-election by, 3419-20 Currency Act Amdt., 460 Dominion- lands, 1-049-50 United States soldiers and, 1233 Dredging, 3786 Exchange rate, 55, 460 Exchequer Court, 2202-4 Experimental' and demonstration farms, 2384-5
Firearms licenses, -3410, 3413 Fish inspection, 1053-4 Fisheries treaty with United States, 1290, 3161
Food and Drugs Bill, 957, 96-1-77, 1258-9, 1262
Prosecutions, 1263-9
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McKenzie, Mr. D. D.-Con.
Food inspectors, 3540 Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 1942, 1999 Lists, 3914
Aliens-certificate, 2101, 2204 Bribery, treating, undue influence, personation, 1156-8 Burden of proof, 1161, 1825 Clerk of Crown in Chancery, 1071 Contributions, 1169 Corrupt practices, 1160 Deputy returning officers, 1074 Disqualification
Charitable aid, those receiving, 1818 Citizenships and franchise, 1824 Election officers, 1075-8 False statement made to affect election, 1066-7
Interpretation
"Lists of voters," 1989 "Voter," 1993-4
Orders in Council, repeal of 776-7 Payment of voters' expenses, 1064 Poll books, etc., returning officer, 1078-80 Preparation of voters' lists-complaint of unfairness, 3905
Proclamation-language of publication, 1832
Registrars, rural, attendance of, 3908-9 Returning officers, 1161, 1589-90 Voters' lists
Provincial, 1989, 2(329, 2341-6, 2348, 2(361-4
Voting notwithstanding disqualification. 1161, 1825
Writ of election, 1166 Franking privilege, 3358 Gas and electricity inspection, 1887 Government annuities, 462-3 Government steamers-wages, 1609-11 Grand Trunk Railway, 1291,1299-1300,1486, 1489, 1506-7
Branch lines, 1313-6, 1321 Stock, 1321
Strike of 1910 and pensions, 1130, 1551, 1568
Halifax-Cape Breton service, 4281 Halifax explosion, 3698-9 jHarbour dues, 2189 Highlander's plaid and clasp, 44(5 Housing expenditure, 3550 Hungarian treaty, 1060 Icebreakers, 1600, 2106 Imperial conference, 359
McKenzie, Mr. D. D.-Con.
Income tax
Assessment methods, 3254 Charities, 3247, 3314 Delinquents, 3120, 3123-4 Exemptions, 3127 " Householders," 3249 Indians,
British Columbia, 951-5 Economic and religious situation, 3268 Education of, 3277 Enfranchisement, 4038-40 Nova Scotia, 3272-3 Tuberculosis amongst, 3275 Industrial disputes, 1901-4, 1912, 1972-3, 2199-2200
Isle Madame fishery officers, ques. 3294 Irrigation, 3698-9 League of Nations
Britain's treaty-making power and, 349 Washington Labour Conference, 355 Liberal leadership, and, 898, 913, 1277 Liquor sales-jurisdiction, 3498 Live stock shipments inspection, 1615 Loan Companies, 1778-9 Lotbiniere and Megantic Railway, 950 Marine hospitals, 3552-3 Masters and mates, 406, 562-4, 573-4, 979-87 Examiners, 1611 Militia
Cadet service, 3703 Headquarters officers, ques. 344 Mines Dept., explosives, 3804 Moving pictures of Canada, 1884 Naturalization, 3918 Naval Service, badges, 446 Necessaries, prices of, 327 Newfoundland, 4276, 4278-9, 4281 Cattle trade-veterinary, 2410 North Sydney
Harbour and breakwater, 2186, 3493-94 Terminal facilities, 875, 4241 Oleomargarine, 1875-7 Opium and Drug Bill, 1643-4, 1761, 1900 Ottawa city, agreement with, 578,	581,
Parliamentary restaurant, 3095-6 Patent Record, 1886 Peace Treaty, 1058-60 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3947 Fisheries and returned men, 3948 Pensioner resident outside of Canada, 4044-5
Vocational training, 3949 Widowed mother, 4044 Pictou harbour, 2186 Pilotage, 1967
Questions not answered, 949


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[Stage Direction]
Ixix
McKenzie. Mr. D. D.-Con.	McMaster, Mr. Andrew R. Con.
Railway Act Arndt. (Provincial jurisdiction) 3635
Railways, Govt. vs. private ownership, 8i72 Registration of shipping, 1614 Returned soldiers' insurance, 4054-5 Returned soldiers, 525
Soldier settlement, 527, 1695 Fishermen, aid to, 1691, 3948 St. John harbour-pilots, 2120 St. Lawrence dredging, 1617-20 Schools of navigation, 1612-3 Scottish Canadian Insurance Corporation, 583
Shipbuilding Contracts, 911 Prices, 912
Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3999, 4009-16, 4137, 4157, 4166
Sick and distressed mariners, 2266-7 Special War Revenue Candy, 3593
Collection, method of, 3482
Debate on Bill, arrangements for, 3456
Excise and sales taxes
Returned soldier arridt. (Mr. Lemieux) 3452-3
Sporting goods, 3571-2 Spirits, illicit distillation, 3817 Statutes, suggested revision and consolidation, 3821, 4053
Steamboat inspection, 1051, 1767-76 Steamers "Champlain" and "Lady Grey," ques. 3619
Steel and shipping merger, 1965 Supply, interim, vote, 756 Supreme Court Act, 2315-16 Sydney harbour
South Bar lighthouse, 2116 Sydney Quarantine station, 3148 Sydmey-Whycocomagh service, 4287 Terminal elevators, 1878-9 Ticket-of-leave system, 398 Treaty of Peace, ratification, 476 Wednesday evening sittings, 1045 Wharves and wharfage, 2123, 2189 Wheeler, Mr. S-rust proof wheat, 2388 Yukon and British Columbia, 3282
McMaster, Mr. Andrew R. (Brome)
Air service, 4555 Alien immigrants, 833 Asbestos, 4513 Banff National park, 3772 Board of Commerce-Murdock, Mr., letter of, 4474-8, 4494
Bright, John, on hours of labour, 326 Budget, 2518-2i0. Gross and net debt-taxation methods, 2521; inflation and rates
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Volume IV:: 3079-4017
Budget-Con.
of duty, 2522; deficit, and suggestions of economy, 2523; military preparations, 2523; public works, 2524; subsidies, 2525; taxation, methods, 2526; luxury taxes, 2528; tariff investigation, 2'52i9; protection or free trade, 2530; United States free list-"Reduction Rimes," 2533
Canadian Government Merchant Marine Civil Service insurance, and, 1780 Canadian Mission in London, ques. 410 Canadian National Railways
Nomenclature and legislation, 3390' Taxation of, 3894
Withholding information, 1672-4, 1680 Coal Operations Director, 3694 Coinage
Deficient, 461
Silver-international standard, 400 Debates, difficulty of hearing, 1418 Eastern Townships, scenic beauty, 3538 Exchequer Court, 2204 Export regulations, 3622 Food and Drugs Bill, 955-9, 966-70 Franchise Bill, 738
Compulsory voting, 1062 Contributions-amdt. 1171, 1192-6>
Paid propaganda, amdt. to 3r., 4374 Polling divisions, 1616, 1518-9 Proclamation, language of publication,, 2284-5
Returning officers, 1524-5 Telegraph, communications by, 1068 Franking privilege, 3762-8 Grand Trunk Railway, 1313, 13>25-8 Appeal from ruling of Chairman, 1327 House of Commons, pages, 3098-9 Indemnity of members, 4452 International Joint Commission'

Sir William ,Hearst - Non-representation of Quebec, 3986 Irrigation, 3695-3701 Judges' salaries, 4419 Labour, Minister of, 4513 League of Nations, 3988
Expenses, Canada's contribution, ques. 410
Loan Companies, 1778 Militarism, 3706-7 Militia, Cadet service, 3704-8, 3706 Mines Department and Geological Survey, 4513
Missisquoi Bay, 3538 Naval Service badges, 444 News Service, 4333 Opium and Drug Bill, 1758
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COMMONS DEBASES

[Stage Direction]
McMaster, Mr. Andrew R.-Con.
Palmer, Mr. K. H„ ques,. 1001 Parliament Building, 1418, 1429-30 Peace, 230-1
Peace Treaty, Ratification, 478, 398-4 Pensions
French reservist from Canada, 404-8 Widowed -mothers, resident outsd-de of Canada, 4045-6
Post Office Dept, postal- rates, etc., 3738, 37-56-8
Press censorship, ques. 541 Purchasing Commission, 147-6 Race track betting, 3427-8, 3432 Regina Library, 396 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 396-7 Shipbuilding, 6138, 666-7, 907-9'' Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3989-9-2, 4154-61 Special War Revenue, 37-91 Administration 

 book of instructions suggested, 3791 Caps, 3-566
"Excise and sales" an-d luxury taxes, 3466-7
Changes, date of coming into effect, 3607 Clocks and watches, 3574 Currency, foreign, depreciated, 3615 Fountain pens, 3577 Fuel, 3609
Glassware, cut, 3569
Imports and manufactures, 3566
Jewellery, 3582-4
Musical instruments, 3596
Neckwear, 3790
Proprietary medicines, 3603-4
Refunds, 3607
Socks, 3566
Sporting goods, 3570-1 Umbrellas, 3568 Underwear, 3568 Wedding rings, 3797 Steamboat inspection, 1770-75 Steamboat subsidies, 4515 T. Eaton Life Assurance Company, 669 Washington, Canadian representative at,
McMasterville, Explosive works at, 2247
McNichol, Mr. J. L. ques. 994
McQuarrie, Mr. W. G. (New Westminster) Judges' salaries, 3853 Returned soldiers, 537
Magdalen Islands, 649, 1601, 4586 k Visit of " Canadian Sealer," 649 Relief ships to, 1742 Steamship services, 4276-87
Magill, Dr., 4124-5, 4342-7
Maharg, Mr. John A. (Maple Creek)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 299. Farmers' movement, 299; reply to Sir Thomas White, 300; reply to Mr. McGibbon (Muskoka)-returned soldiers, 301; taxation of war profits, 302; tariff protection-proposed new Liberal and Conservative party, 303
Alien immigrants, 827, 839 Budget, 2632. Luxury taxes, 2632; Liberal party's tariff policy-Great Britain under free trade, 2633; Wheat Board and the farmers, 2635; farmers and purchase of American implements, 2636
Campaign funds, 1224
Canadian Wheat Board, 4131-5, 4JI46, 4351, 4355
Franchise Bill
Contributions, 783, 1189, 1191, 4373 Election expenses, 1154 Grand Trunk Railway, 1458 Indemnity of members, 4090 Opium and Drug Bill, 1634-7, 1641-2 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 395 Pensions, 615
Shipbuilding, inland waters, vessels for, 913
Soldier Settlement, cattle branding, 1700 Universal military training, 942
Mail Carriers, ques. 343. See also Civil Service; Post Office; Rural Mail
Manion, Mr. Robert J. (Fort William and Rainy River)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 211. Ontario and Quebec- Parliamentary librarian - Parliament Building, 211; proposed general election, 23 2; franchise, pensions, shipping, civil service, development, 212; tariff, 213; League of Nations, Canada's status, 214
Agricultural and industrial populations, ques. 1002
Budget. 2544. Tariff, 2544; free trade or moderate tariff, 2545; markets, 2547; foreign commerce, 2548; how to estimate prosperity and progress, 2550, 2634; railways, agriculture, pulpwood, minerals, 2552; foreign competition, 2554; tariff revision, 2554 Canadian Wheat Board, 4111 Chisholm, Col. H. A., ques. 3359 Coal Operations Director, 3179 Dairying-cheese, 2406
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INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
lxxi
Manion, Mr. Robert J.-Con.
Food and Drugs Bill. 1636, 1642 Fort Frances public building's, 3151-2 Franchise Bill
Advance and proxy voting, 1165 Contributions, 1196-1
Disqualification-charitable aid, those receiving, 1815, 1818-9 "Ecclesiastics," 1078 Non-residents and non-electors, 786 Voters' lists, 2429-30 Income tax-aliens in Canada, 3250 National resources development, M. in favour, 1017 Oleomargarine, 1864 Opium and Drug Bill, 1759 Returned Soldiers, M. for Special Com. 519
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 390 Shipbuilding-foreign trade, 906 Special War Revenue Ethyl alcohol, 3604 Furniture, 3575 Medicines, 3627, 3631 Sporting Goods, 3571
War medals, ques. 1003, 1046, ques. 1120 Mann, Sir Donald, private car, ques. 2183 Mantezono. See Labrie
Manufacturers. See also debates on Address; Budget
Aid in appeals, 321
United States competition, 2857
Vessel rates, 1728
Maple Products Adulteration Bill, lr., 582; 2r„ 796; com, 796,	1254;	3r., 1256;
Senate amdts., 2366, 4020
Marcil, Hon. Charles (Bonaventure)'
Banff National park, 3777 Bonaventure
Experimental farms, ques. 414 Pensions, ques. 993 Postmasters, ques. 507 Public Works engineer, ques. 411 Wharves, ques. 411
Bonaventure and Gaspe, dairy products and fish, ques. 587 Bridges and the provinces, 3771-3 Campbellton-Cross Point Bridge, ques. 3490
Ferry, ques. 342, ques. 411, ques. 588, ques. 1789, ques. 2415 Canadian National Railways-cars, 864 Chambly fort, 3725 Civil Service retirement, 3833 Dredging, 3783-7
Marcil, Hon. Charles-Con.
Franchise Bill
Election expenses, 1932 Polls, hours to be open, 1921-2 Gascons wharf, ques. 411 International Joint Commission, 3986	.
League of Nations, 3982 Matapedia
Bridge and highway, 3780, ques. 411 Station, freights, ques. 587 Mines Dept., 3803 Explosives, 3804 Montreal barracks, 3724-7 Montreal-Quebec-Gaspe service, ques. 587 Newsprint shortage, 2968 Peat, 3806
Public works, resident engineers, 3787 Quebec and Western Railway, ques. 411, ques. 412
Quebec, Oriental and Atlantic Railway, ques. 411, ques. 412, ques. 507 Registered postal rate, 3732-5 Restigouche bridge, ques. 411 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3998 Special War Revenue Lace, 3793
Prices, how arrived at, 3790 Spirits and beer, 3817-8 Tache, Mr. Chas. Eugene, ques. 3490 Tobacco, 38:18-9
Marcile, Mr. J. E. (Bagot)
Acton Vale post office, ques. 1899 Bagot
Electoral list, ques. 2011 Postal inspection, ques. 2721 Flynn, Capt. Percy, ques. 2415 Franchise Bill, 1991-2 Military Service defaulters, ques. 507 Picard, Mr. Elzear, ques. 993 Ste. Rosalie-Bagot spur line, quesi 2009 Theodore d'Acton post office, ques. 2011
Margeson, Mr. J. W., ques. 1036
Marine. See also Canadian Government Merchant Marine; Canada Shipping Act. For vessels, see that title Buoys, 2116 Department
Classification, 2113
Members of Parliament, treatment of, 2121
Services, restored to, 3507 Hospitals, 3552. See also Canada Shipping Act (Sick and Distressed Mariners) Liquor shipments and, 2107 Wrecking plants, 1615, 2103'
Wrecks, investigations, 1612
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COMMONS DEBA1TES

[Stage Direction]
Marine and Fisheries
Com. appointed, 307
Maritime Provinces, Harbour Commissions, 3 4 9'2 - 3
Marriage Act Arndt. Bill, lr., 1787
Marriage Licenses, 34)15
Marshall, Mr. David, M. P., death of, 1, 10
Martin, Mr. Peter F. (Halifax)
Fisheries
Benefits from government policy, 3535 Estimates, 3'521 Halifax explosion, 3&9'9 Voters' lists, 23(37
Masonic Records in Parliament Tower, ques. 2894
Masters and Mates. See that title under Canada Shipping Act
Matapedia
Highway, ques. 411, 3780 Station, ques. 587
Matches-use of phosphorus, 356
Mayrand, Mr. Hormisdas (MaskinongS) Louiseville postmaster, ques. 1739
Meat and Canned Goods Inspection, 2411
Medicines-See Foods and Drugs; Opium and Drugs; Inland Revenue; Proprietary; Special War Revenue
Meighen, Hon. Arthur (Minister of the Interior and Superintendent General of Indian Affairs.)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 152; Farmers' movement a class movement, 153; franchise and conscription of aliens; reply to Mr. Caldwell-Canada's national status, 156; monetary exchange and trade, 157; proposed general election-Cabinet representation-illness of Prime Minister, 158; Union Government's mandate-government by commission, 159; vacancies, 160 Alien immigrants, 831, 2238-40 Alpine Club, 3288 Banff National park, 3771-i2 Board of Commerce, Murdock, Mr., letter of, 4492-4500
British Columbia Indians, 386,	787-95,
950-5, 104'7, 3273. See also under this title, Indian Act.
Meighen, Hon. Arthur-Con.
Budget, 2683. ''Advances unaccounted for," 2683; luxury taxes, 2684; income tax in Canada, in Great Britain and in New Zealand, 2685-2707; tariff-England as an example, 2686; balance of trade, Great Britain and the United States, 2687; people below the poverty line, 2688; effect of free trade on movement of population, 2689; British industry and free trade, 2690; United States an alleged free trade country, 2690; agricultural population in Great Britain and in Canada, 2*690; Great Britain and Germany in the field of manufacture, 2691; British reports on industries- iron, steel, tinplate, 2692; electrical trades, engineering trades, 2695; cotton trade, textile industries, 2696; Liberal party and tariff, 2697; Farmers' party tariff plank,'2699; duty on agricultural implements, - 2701; Mr. Fielding and "adequate protection," 2702; tariff and foodstuffs, 2703; answers to questions invited-Liberal and agrarian party platforms, 2704; Mr. Crerar and direct taxation-tax on unearned increment of land, 2706; tariff should remain in force pending ' revision, 2708
Canadian Forestry Association, 328*5 Canadian National Railways and Canadian Government Merchant Marine Information properly withheld, 1664, 1668 - 70
Canadian Wheat Board, 4115-24,	4136,
4*346
Capital punishment, 1152 Coal Operations Director, 3690 Fuel situation, 3175, 3182-92 Orders in Council, 3186-9 Ratification of, 3361, 3365-7*5 Orders of Director, 3189-92 Dominion Lands Act Amdt. 704, 1048-50 Homesteading privileges to United States Soldiers, 1113, 12*33-4
Dominion Water Powers Branch, 3289-93 Employment offices, 2*313-4, 3087, 4512-3 Minister, powers of, 309*2 Orders in Council, effect of, 3088-91 Explosive works at Beloeil, 23*14 Franchise Bill, 756-9*
Aliens-certificate, 2238-40 Grand Trunk Railway Stocks, value of, 1562-3, 1573 Strike of 1910, 1556-64 Hurons of Lorette, 1152
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INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
Ixxiii
Meighen, Hon. Arthur-Gon.
Indian Act Arndt. Bill, 386, 795-6, 4029-40, 4137, 4174
Indian lands (British Columbia) 386 Indians, 3265-80
Agents-salary and bonus, 3273
British Columbia, 3273
Caughnawaga, 3266-7
Education, 3277-80
Game laws and, 3280
Gordon's Reserve-school, 3270-1, 3278
Health and medical attendance, 3275
-Tuberculosis, 3276
Hurons of Lorette, 1152
Missionary work amongst, 3268
New Brunswick, 3273
Nova Scotia, 3273
Prairie Provinces and Northwest, 3267 Prince Edward Island, 3273 Reserves, surrender of, 3274 Self-sustaining, 3268 Sioux, 3267
Six Nations-education, 3280 Ungava-distress amongst - reindeer herds to be established, 3276 Yukon, 3274
Industrial Disputes, 1900-15, 1971-5, 1981-5, 2190-2200, 2248
International boundary surveys, 3293 Irrigation Act Arndt., 3358, 3694-3702 Joint Industrial Councils, 4512 Labour Dept, salaries, 4506 Lake Winnipeg and Elk Island, 3287 Macallum, Professor, 3806 Mill, John Stuart, and protection, 2907 Mines Dept. 3801-15, 4513 Coal, 3810
Dominion and provinces, 3803 Explosives, 3804 Explosions, avoidance of, 3814 Investigation of deposits, leases, etc., 3808
Lignite, 3805 Oil, 331, 3808-10 Overlapping, 3802 Peat, 3806
Resignations, salaries, etc., 3801-3805 Resources, alienation of, 3810 Road and structural material, 3808 National defence, 4302-4 National Industrial Conference, 4512 National parks, 3283, 3771 Naturalization-franchise and, 770-1 Natural resources of Western Provinces, 3293
Naval Service, 4302-4, 4315
Additional appropriation, $1,700,000 4393-7
Meighen, Hon. Arthur-Con.
Northern Canada's area, resources and administration, 3280-4 Northwest Game Act Amdt. 2892 Oil-Canada's position and resources, 331 Peace Conference Labour Bureau, 4507 Permanent Force, 3210-1 Provincial affairs and federal aid, 833 Reindeer-caribou, 3276, 3284 St. John River water-powers, 3290-3 Seed grain advances, 3286-8 Soldier Settlement, 1289, 1685-1702, 2127-50, 3218-24
Administration-criticism, 3223 Defaults, 3223 Fishermen, 3219 Irrigated lands, 3223 Loans, employment for districts, 3220 Ministerial explanation, 3192-4 Provincial free grants and, 3223 Repayments, 3218 Solicitors' fees, 3218 Staff, salaries, 3221-3 Training and allowances, 3224 Surveys, 3293
Tariff, personal position on-Mr. Crerar's criticism, 2900 Tar sands, 333 Technical Education, 1761 Yukon administration, 3281-2 British Columbia and, 3282 Yukon Placer Mining Act, 2892, 3106, 4264
Members of Parliament. See qlso jLouse of Commons
Attendance of in House, 2782-6
Members' Indemnity. See House of Commons
Members' Stenographers, salaries of, ques. 2311
Menace, the, ques. 1899
Mennonites, emigration to .United States, 2127, 2179, 2248
Mercantile Marine. See Canadian Govt. Merchant Marine; Canada Shipping Act
Metabetchouan postmaster, ques. 1120, 2876
Meteorological Service, 2125
Methylated Spirits for industrial power, 324, 3820-1
Mewburn, Hon. Sidney C. (East Hamilton) Battlefields Committee, 2078 Resignation as Minister, 447
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Michaud, Mr. Pius (Restigouche and Mada-waska)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 214. Popular unrest-proposed general election, 215 American loans, ques. 313 Begin, Cardinal, insult to, 1574 Edmundston post office, ques. 2722 Franchise Bill
Oaths, administration of, 779 Proclamation, language of publication, 1828-32
Returning officers, 1591 Newspaper postage rates, 3349 Railway cars, 1114 Roy, Mr. Gustave, ques. 1898 St. John river-International Commission, ques. 1623
Special War Revenue-boots, 3565 Theriault and St. Quentin, N.B., 3080 Wheat exports a)nd imports, ques. 313, ques. 590
Middlebro, Mr. W. S. (North Grey)
Food and Drugs Bill, 960 Franchise Bill
Contributions-Arndt. (Mr. McMaster) 1193-4
Polling divisions, 1517 Returning officers, 1580-1 Highways, payments to Ontario, 1046 House of Commons staff, 1038 Income tax-charities, 3246
Middlings. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs; Grain
Militarism. See Cadet Military College, 3152 Military districts in Quebec, ques. 1035 Military Police, ques. 804; ques. 805
Military Service Act
Agricultural representatives, 3399 Collections by Mr. Cimon, ques. 1461;
ques. 1462 Defaulters
Chicoutimi, ques. 409 Fines, ques. 507, ques. 543 Military Service branch, 4516
Military Training, 923. See also Militia; Cadet Service
Military Uniforms
Colleges, etc., for, ques. 413 '
Militia and Defence
Active militia-allowances, 3654
Amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) to reduce, 3657; neg. 3673 Air Service, 455i3 Annual drill, 3674
Amdt. (Mr. Mackenzie King) to reduce, 3675; neg. 3679 Arsenals Dominion Lindsay, 3717
Quebec-employees, ques. 1898 Associations, grants to, 3725 Cadet service, 3702 Contingencies, 3714 Customs dues, 3716 Demobilization, 4549 Department
Classification, ques. 3358, 4019 Headquarters officers who did not see service in France, ques. 506 London employees, quest 671 Permanent appointments, ques. 2079 Printing and stationery, 4549 Engineer services and works, 3723 Headquarters staff, ques. 344, ques. 1511, 4548
Levis drill hail, ques. 1360 Military instructors for educational institutions, ques* 413 Military Service Branch, 4516 Ministerial statement, 3636 Military properties, maintenance, 3726 Ordnance, arms, lands, etc., 3727 Permanent Fdree, 4548 Barracks, 4579
Commissions to N.C.O.'s, ques. 8619 Flynn, Capt. Percy, ques. 2415 Quebec's ancient fortifications, 421 Rifle ranges-Connaught, ques. 671 Long Branch, 3728 Staff, 4548 Training areas, 4549 Transport and freight, 4549 Uniforms for colleges, ques. 413 Use of exhibition buildings by, ques. 20-09 Warlike stores, 4549
Militia Pensions Act Amdt. Bill. Res. lr., 3959; 2r., 4020; Com. 4020; 3r., 4021
Millers. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs; Grain
Miners' Disputes. See under Coal Operations
Mines and Minerals. See also Natural Resources ; Yukon Placer Asbestos, 4513 Coal. See that title Com. appointed, 307
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[Stage Direction]
Mines and Minerals-Con.
Copper, 4513
Department, 3801. See also Geological Survey
Employees, resignation, ques. 672, 3802, 45112
Labour in, 370
Machinery, imported, ques. 1625 Oil, 333, 3281, 3808-10 Unused mineral deposits, 3810
Ministers of the Crown, See also Cabinet Absence of, from Seat of Govt. 39 Attendance in Parliament, 51 Disqualification as candidate for House of Commons, 1086 Resignations of, 386, 447 Salaries, 3'228, 4379'
Minneapolis stockyards, 3166-7
Mint. See also Coinage; Ottawa Mint Act The Royal, Ottawa Branch, 565
Missisquoi Bay, Net fishing, 3535-8
Molloy, Mr. J. P. (Frovencher)
Elevators, ques. 1358 Franchise Bill
Polling divisions, 1518 Returning officers, 1595 Notices of motion, inquiry, 1628
Monroe Doctrine, 4294, 4310, 4404
" Montcalm," Icebreaker, 1060. See also Icebreakers
Montmagny, Colonization lots in, ques. 1229 Montreal
Corn Exchange, vessel rates, 1727 Harbour, wharves, ques. 674 Immigrants, landing at, 32126-8
Montreal and Hull Highway, 1113
Morden, Col., 1948
Morphy, Mr. Hugh B. (North Perth)
Active militia-allowances, 3659 British North America Act Arndt. 811 Canadians in Imperial service-Capt. Barron, 857
Cattle trade, 237 3 Dairy industry, 2403-4 Difficulty in hearing debates, 463 Eight-hour day, 45'2-®
Franchise Bill
Chief Electoral officer-Mr. Biggar, K.C., 4267
Conveying voters, 1061
Morphy, Mr. Hugh B.-Con.
Franchise Bill-Con.
Counting and reporting vote, 1109 False statement made to affect election, 1066
Interpretation, "Candidate " 1943-4 Liquor on polling day, 1108-9 Peace and good order, 1106 Polls, hours to be open, 1924-5 Proclamation-language of publication, 1829-30, 2274, 2285, 2293-6, 2304-6 Provincial lists, 3898 Returning officers Oath of, 1166 Public officials, 1797 Voters' lists, 2425-6 Franking privilege, 3764-7 Grand Trunk Railway
Strike of 1910, and pensions, 1128, 1133, 1537-9, 1566, 4509-11 Government annuities, 463 House of Commons staff, 4565 Industrial disputes, 2197 Intercolonial Railway, 1443 League* of Nations Armenia, 3979
Enforcement of decisions, 3976 Provinces of Canada, position of, 452 Secret treaties, 3973-4 Second meeting, 3978 United States, 3981-2 Lignite, 3805
Militia-Dominion arsenals, 3718-9 National defence, 4302-3 Newspaper postage, 3753 Oil-leases, etc., 3809 Peat, 3807
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, provincial authorities and, 3196 Rulings and statements as Chairman Chair to be addressed, 4481 Decorum, 4481 Judiciary, reference to, 4483 Shipbuilding advances Bill, 4149, 4163 Soldier Settlement, 1688, 2153 Steel ammunition charges, 3718-9 Trust and Loan Company of Canada, 586
Morrison's Limited, ques. 997
Motions, Inquiries concerning, 1628
Motor Cars. See Automobiles
Mounted Police. See Royal Canadian
Moving Pictures
Canada film service, 1882 Canadian National Pictorial, 4544 _Tax on, removal of, 2487, ques. 3489
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Mowat, Mr. Herbert M. (Parkdale)
Active militia-allowances, 3658-9 Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 56. Proposed general election -by-election in Assiniboia, 56; Hon. Mr. Blondin-French Canadian Cabinet representation, 57; Liberal party and war policy, 58; Union party and Liberal members-conscription and party, 59
Budget, 2576. Congratulations to Finance Minister-tariff, 2576; agricultural implement prices-tariff and manufacturing concerns from United States, 2577; Mr. Fielding and tariff, 2578; militia expenditure and military preparedness, 2579; Imperialism, 2580 Canada Security Assurance Company, 1103 Canadian Expeditionary Force, ques. 1200 Civil Service retirement, 4067, 4464 Divorce Bills, remission of charges, 4413 Franchise Bill Ballot-black border, 1168 Compulsory voting, 1064
' Contributions - Assiniboia expenses, 1174-8
Election officers, 3868 Non-residents and non-electors, 785 Judges' salaries and pensions, 4426 Naval service, 3510 Badges, 441 Oleomargarine, 1873-4 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4152 Special War Revenue Food, explanation desired, 3632-3 T. Eaton Life Assurance Company, 669 Toronto military property, 3728, 3730 Universal military training, M. in favour of, 923
Municipal Employees, Industrial Disputes Investigation Act and, 1902
Munitions Resources Commission, 2892
Murdock, Mr. See Board of Commerce
Murphy-, Hon. Charles (Russell)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 231. Reply to Mr. Rowell-Religious orders from France, 231; secretarial fund, 238; Mr. Rowell's income tax, 240; expenditures on conferences, publicity, etc., 241; Department of Health-Mounted Police, 242; Mr. Rowell and his colleagues, 245; Peace Treaty and League of Nations- eight-hour day, 246; circular of Orange . order, 249; proposed general election, 254
Murphy, Hon. Charles-Con.
Board of Commerce, Robson, Judge, resignation of, 11, 114 Budget, inquiry as to, 1047 Dominion Lands Act (United States Soldiers) 1234 Franchise Bill Advance polls, 1999 Interpretation, 1986-S, 1987, 1988 Pass on railway, 1065 Telegraph, communications by, 1069 Grand Trunk Railway, 1242-3, 1250 Greek wheat contract, ques. 509 National debt, ques. 309 Naval defence policy, ques. 309 Newsprint Supply, 2893 Parliament Building, ques. 311; ques. 311 Cost, etc., 311
Parliamentary Com., ques. 311 P. Lyall Company, 3156 Point of order-comment on document quoted, 234-6
Prime Minister, illness and absence of, 9 Shipbuilding-contracts and prices, 901-2 Vatican Mission, ques. 310
Murray Bay-Tadoussac Service, 652
Mutual Insurance Companies, taxation of, ques. 2012, 2080
Myers, Mr. E. T. W. (Kindersley)
Canada Grain Act, 3823 Flax fibre grants, ques. 806 Wheat trade, 3823-4
National Battlefields Commission, 421
National Council of Women, oleomargarine and, 1841
National Debt, ques. 309. See also Finance Loans in the United States, ques. 313
National Defence, 4302
National Industrial Conference, 4512
National Parks, 3769
National Transcontinental Railway-. See
Canadian National
Natural Resources.
M. (Mr. Manion) in favour of development,
.	1017
Prairie provinces, of, ques. 995, 1047, ques. 1461, 3049, 3293
Royal Commission on, ques. 4502
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Naturalization, 817. See also Aliens; Dominion Franchise, aliens, qualification of electors
Imperial citizenship, and, ques. 996 Papers, fraudulent, ques 4096
Naturalization Act, 1914, Arndt. Bill, lr.,
3682; 2r., com., 3914; 3r., 3922; Senate amdts. 4416
Naval Defence, ques. 309. See also Naval Service
Admiral Jellicoe's report, 308 Statement by Minister of the Naval Service, 3498
Naval Service
Additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 4380 Badges, 437, ques. 506 Canadian officers, 4299 Civil Service Insurance and, 1779 Coast defence of Canada, United States and, 4294, 4298
Construction, programme of nations, 4301 Correspondence with Imperial Government, 4408, 4413, 4503 Demobilization, 4299 Estimates, how considered, 4380, 4411 Halifax and Esquimalt depots, 4296-7, 4307, 4390, 4394
Naval college, graduates, 4562 Naval conference of 1921, 4300 " Niobe " and " Rainbow," 4292-3. See also that title
Salaries of Dept., 4409
Ship construction, material, ques. 1114
Statement by Minister, 707
Navigation, aid and protection of, 2115 Schools of, 1612
St. Lawrence River-lie d'Orleans, 3295
Navigation Rates. See Railway Act Arndt.
Navy, ques. 540. See also dehates under Canadian Government Merchant Marine; Naval Service
Jellicoe, Admiral, 11. See also that title Ships from Great Britain, 4413
Navy League of Canada, ques. 802
Nesbitt, Mr. E. W. (North Oxford)
Chairman, Committee of the Whole, Rulings as, 1326
Unanimous consent for statement in Supply, 2379
Civil Service retirement, 3833 Colonial Investment and Loan, 3859 Commercial Feeding Stuffs, 3403 Demonstration farms, 2396
Nesbitt, Mr. E. W.-Con.
Eight-hour day, 376
Food and Drugs Bill, 958, 963, 1257-8
Franchise Bill, 1066
Fuel, transportation cost, 330
House of Commons staff, 4565-6
Income tax
Beneficiaries,1 3243 Charities, 3247, 3312 Deficits and losses, 3240-1 Five per cent added, 3251-2 Indemnity of members, 3242 Returns, 3253-4 Stock dividends, 3239-40 Judges' salaries, 3851 Natural resources, oil leases, 3810-3 Naval service badges, 445-6	,
Newspaper postage rates, 3348 Pensions, 433
Widowed mother resident outside Canada, 4045
Returned soldiers, 528 Insurance, 4054-5 Report of Committee, 1082 Rural mail carriers, 4522 Senate staff, 4060
Soldier settlement, 2129-30, 2138-43 Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill Automobiles, 3599 Collection, method of. 3344-5 Prices, effect on, 3330 Steel and shipping merger, 1952-3 Western Assurance Company, 3860
Neuville Station, ques. 2721
Newfoundland
Cape Race light, 2117 Trade with, 4241, 4242, 4276-7
New Parliament Buildings. See Parliament
Buildings
New York-Canadian publicity branch at, 1882 ,
Newspaper Postage. See Post Office Act Amdt.
Newspapers. See also Newsprint; Post Office Act Amdt.; Press
Payments to for printing, ques. 1114 Propaganda, and, 4375
Newsprint
Control, ques. 588, ques. 2720
Controller, resignation of, ques. 315, ques. 589
Embargo, ques. 994
Exportation and embargo, 1358, ques. 1114
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Opium and Drug Bill. Res. 557; lr., 562; 2r., 1621, 1629; com. 1632, 1744; 3r., 1900; Senate amdts., 3081
Orange order, 249, 285
Oranges and Figs grown in the open in British Columbia, 1016
Orders in Council. See also War Measures; Coal operations Employment offices, 3087 Legislation and Government by, 31, 38, 177, 2018, 2020-1
Orientals
Canada, in, 825
Vote, and, See Dominion Franchise
Orleans, Island of, public works, ques. 810
Ostend, Allies Conference at, 2476, 2574
Ottawa
Agreement with Corporation, 557. See also Ottawa Agreement Bill Connaught Rifle Range, 3728 Daly building, rental of, ques. 1200 Mackenzie Avenue, ques. 999 Public buildings, 3154 New, ques. 1002
Wellington street-public building, ques. 1002
Ottawa Agreement Bill. Res. 576, 557, lr„ 581; 2r., com., 988; 3r., 1047
Ottawa Improvement Commission. See debates under Ottawa Agreement
Ottawa Mint Act Arndt. Bill. Res. 615; lr., 616; 2„ com., 3r„ 798
Otter, Sir William Dillon, ques. 673
Overdrafts, bank. See Special War Revenue
Oxford County, Ont., products, 1010
Pacaud, Mr. L. T. (Megantic)
Budget, 3020. The public burdens, 3020; tariff for revenue-programme of the Farmers' party, 3021; cost of living and development of natural resources -line of demarcation between the parties, 3022
Rural mail-Mr. Joseph Houle, ques. 2313
Palmer, Mr. K. H., ques. 1001
Paper, Manufacture of. See debates on Scientific Research Newsprint. See that title
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Papineau, Mr. Louis J. (Beauharnois)
Board of Commerce, M. 3863 Canadian Northern, total liability, ques. 2 Oil
Pardee, Mr. Frederick F. (West Lambton) Budget, '2740. Mr. Meighen and the new party-tariff revision, 2740; the consumer and taxes-the new taxes, 2741; address in Montreal, 2742; textile industries and protection, 2743; effect of new taxes upon population, 2744 Canadian Mercantile Marine, insurance, ques. 1511
Canadian National Railways Deficit, 888-9
Fire insurance, ques. 1623 Withholding of information, 1663 Experimental and demonstration farms, 2382-4, 2388 Franchise Bill, 731 Advance polls, 1999-2001 Aliens certificate, 2063-70, 2225-6, 2230-2, 22 38-9
Arndt, moved, 2226; neg. 2242 Election expenses, 1153 False statements made to affect election, 1065
Indians, 2056-7
Name not on list-oaths, 3878 Personation, etc., 1159 Plugging, 2350
Polling stations, additional, 1826 Provincial lists, 2350, 3883, 3889-93 Voters' lists, addition and elimination of names, 3911-2
Writ, nomination, election, delay, 1092 Grand Trunk Railway, strike of 1910, and pensions, 1553-6 Naturalization, 3916 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3938 Purchasing Commission, 1474 Roumanian orders, insurance, ques. 1739 Soldier settlement, 1684, 3192-3
Parent, Mr. George (Quebec West)
Barracks, 3725
Board of Commerce, ques. 408 Business profits tax, public utilities, 3230 By-election lists, ques. 310 Canadian National Railways, 3377 Census of 1911, ques., 2009 Criminal Code Arndt. Bill-M. for 3r., 3428 Food and Drugs Bill, 972-6 Franchise Bill
False statement to affect election, 1067 Payment of voters' expenses, 1065 Undue influence - " spiritual injury," 1158
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[Stage Direction]
Ixxxi
Peck, Lieut.-Col. Cyrus W., V.C.-Con.
Indians, British Columbia, 792-6, 3(273 Agents, salaries, 3273 Enfranchisement, 4038-40 Militia-Active militia, allowances, 3662-8 Pensions, 434
Com. report-on m. to adopt, 39>32 Arndt. 39133, 3962; withdrawn, 3956 M. for Special Com., 513 Resignation from Com., 20.81 Returned men and fishing industry, 39'32, 3938-40, 3066
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 390 Saar Valley Commission, 344 Senate, cost of, ques. 1118 Surveys, 3293
Uniforms, unlawful wearing of, 3417 Water-powers of British Columbia, ques. 1118
Winnipeg Grain Exchange, ques. 2005
Pecuniary Claims Convention, 3857
Pedlow, Mr. Isaac E. (South Renfrew) Agriculture, problems and progress of, 2391-5
Armenians, 865 Audibility of debates, 461 Board of Commerce, 4494 Correspondence, 3426
O'Connor, Mr., reported resignation of, 1684
Civil servants with war record, 3129-30 Civil Service
Re-organization, 3741 Retirement, 4462-6 Demonstration farms, 2i391 Food and Drugs Bill, 964-71, 1258-62 Prosecutions, 1,263-4 Franchise Bill
Advance voting, and voting by mail, 1163-5
Contributions, 1196 Election officers, 1077 Telegraph, communications by, 1068-9 Income tax
«
Accounting period, 3306-8 Indemnity of members, 3243, 3306 Suggestions, 3124, 3128 Ireland, condition of, 856 Maple products, 1256 Mennonites, 212?, 2179 Mines Dept., resignations, 3804 Opium and Drug Bill, 1638-9, 1748, 1751-2 Pictou harbour, 2186
Postage stamps, used for inland revenue, 3737
Quorum, 964 Renfrew post office, 3151
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Post Office Act Amdt. Bill. Res. 2184; 3346; lr., 3358;	2r., com., 3732; 3r„ 3768.
Senate amdts. 4263 Free matter, 3761 Newspapers and periodicals, 3745 Registration fee, 3732	^
Post Office and Customs Depts.
Rumoured investigation by United States firm, 3491, 3623
Potatoes.
Bags, 4562	)
Exportation of, ques. 1360
Poultry, Feeding of. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Power, Mr. Charles G. (South Quebec) Board of Commerce, M. for abolition, 1146, 1150
Canadian Alpine Club, 3288 Canadian Currency on United States lines of Canadian National Railways, ques. 341
Canadian Forestry Association, 3285 Canadian Government Merchant Marine, 644-5
" Canadian Recruit," wreck of, 648 " Canadian Sealer," Magdalen Islands trip, 649
Steamers. See also, under this title, Icebreakers
Crews, uniforms, ques. 1003 "Lady Grey" ques. 1361 Canadian National Railways, cargo for ships, 915
Champlain market, 2015 Court martial procedure, ques. 1359 Federal Bureau of Education, 1388 Firearms licenses, 3411-2 Franchise Bill, 777 Aliens-certificate, 2239 Bribery, treating, undue influence, personation, 1157-9
Canada Temperance Act, 2053-4 Disqualification, returned soldiers exempted from, 1811, 1820-4 "Elector," how defined, 1916-8 Executory contracts void, 781 Interpretation, 1991 " Candidate," 1944 Judges, revising officers, 722 Language of voter, 1997 Non-residents and non-electors, 786 Notices-handbills, 1169 Polling stations, additional, 1826-7 Polls, hours to be open, 1923-4 Returning officers, 1583-4, 1596
Power, Mr. Charles G.-Con.
Franchise Bill)-Con.
Voters' lists, use of for advertising, 2319-20
French speeches in House, translation of, 702
Grain trade, 661 Grosse Isle, ques. 1003
Gulf of St. Lawrence Trading Company, 4285
Icebreakers, 1602-5. See also, under this title, Steamers " Montcalm," 1606-7 Uniforms of men on, 1603-4 Indemnity of members, 1281, 4087 Indians-Sioux, 3267 Magdalen Islands-Belle Isle, 1605 Militia Department
Classification of employees, ques. 3358 Permanent appointments, ques. 2079 Newsprint, 3227
Peace treaties-Anatolia and Smyrna, 3984 Pensions and Re-establishment, 3946 Drafting of Bill, 4041 Offices, rumoured closing of, 710 Taxation of pensions, 1895 Widowed mother, 427, 436, 4041, 4051 Amdt. ruled out of order, 4052 Profiteering, etc., 1146 Quebec
Ancient fortifications, 421, 427 Arsenal employees, ques. 1898 Bridge, ques. 1116, ques. 1229 Marine storehouse, ques. 316 Port, grain trade, 858 Riots of 1918, 1210
Returned soldiers, res. (Mr. Andrews) for Special Com., 523 Shipbuilding, 661, 915 Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, ques. 2311
Soldier Settlement, 2141-7, 2151, 3222-3 Vocational training and, 3223 Spirit Lake, 2398-9 Stewart farm, 3223
Prairie Provinces
Natural Resources, ques. 995, 1047, ques. 1461, 3049, 3292
Press, The, 4532. See also Newsprint; Post Office; Censorship Murray, Mr. G. M. and the, 2753 Press Conference. See Imperial Press Gallery Reporters, 3747, 3750, 4411, 4503
Prevost, Mr. Jules E. (Terrebonne)
Automobiles, smuggled, ques. 807, ques. 1001
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[Stage Direction]
Proulx, Mr. Edmond-Con.
Income tax. 3122-7
Indemnity of members, 3096, 3853-4, 444S M. to strike out clauses, 4459 Judges' salaries, 3852-4, 4837, 4421 M. for six months' hoist of Bill, 4417 Maple products, 1254 Parliament Buildings, 1418-21- 1434 Parliamentary restaurant, 3096 Race track betting, 3430-2 Rural mail, 1283, 4524-5 Salaries of Ministers, 4430 Soldier settlement, 2129-35 Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill, 3577 Dresses, 3586-7 Excise and sales taxes, 3453 Musical instruments, 3629 Silk waists, 3632
Provincial Salaries and Indemnities, Taxation of, ques. 3490
Public Accounts Committee, 306-7, 1898, 4821
Public Debt, ques. 592, 753. See also Finance
Public Information Dept., ques. 1000, ques. 1740, 2639, 2999 Nichols, Mr. M. E., ques., 1118
Public Ownership, 93, 204. See also delates under Canadian National Railways; Grand Trunk
Business profits tax. See that title Electricity, 3113-7 Railways, of, 100
Public Works, 1417. F or individual uorlcs see their titles
Agreement with Ottawa city, 557 Architectural and Engineering Branch, ques. 587
Canals. See that title Department, 1416 Minister, 557
Tache, Mr. C. E., superannuation, ques. 3490
Pulp and Paper. See also Customs Act; Newsprint Pulpwood, 148, 2552
Purchasing Commission, 44, 257, ques. 591, 3718, 3854-5, 4580
Res. to establish Purchasing Board, 1231, 1467
Pure Foods Bill, 3396
Putman, Mr., and Civil Service Commission, ques. 2414
Quarantine, 3554 Grosse Isle, ques. 1003	/
Sydney, 3148
Quebec (City)
Arsenal, employees, ques. 1898, ques. 3862 Board of Trade and Retail Merchants' Association-proposed taxes, 3457-8 Vessel rates, 1734 Champlain market, 2015 Fortifications, ancient, 421 Mail deliveries, ques. 591 Marine storehouse, ques. 316	*
Riots of 1918, M. (Mr. Parent) for patters, 1202
Quebec (Port) 650, 654-5, 661 Government Ships, cargoes for, 915 Grain shipments, 858
Harbour Commission, steam dredge, ques. 999
Immigrants landing at, 3226-8 Quebec (Province)
Canadian Northern lands in, ques. 2008 "Hour" of, 61, 67, 90, 143, 206 Military districts in, ques. 1035 People stay on the land, 94 Post offices in cities, ques. 413 Resources-timber, water-powers, 693 Tolerance, 90 Union government and, 83
Quebec and Saguenay Railway, ques. 506, ques. 1120; ques. 3619 Construction and operation, ques. 672 Freight rates, ques. 589 St. IrSnSe, 3423
Quebec and Western Railway, ques. 411; ques. 412
Quebec Bridge, ques. 1116; ques. 1229
Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix Railway, ques. 673, 4585
Quebec, Oriental and Atlantifc Railway, ques. 411; ques. 412; ques. 507
Questions and Answers. See also House of Commons
Inquiry as to, 949, 2126 Oral answers to, 1623 Not answered, 753, 949
Canadian Government Merchant Marine -information withheld, 1649 Portion deleted, 1045
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INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
Ixxxvii
Reid, Hon. John D.-Con.
Canadian National Railways-Con. Equipment, 4191 Estimates discussion of, 4249-50 Grand Trunk loans, 881. See also, under this title, Grand Trunk Hudson Bay Railway, 4233 Insurance, 41257 Intercolonial
Moncton office, 4268 Operation, 4247 Pension fund, 4248
Mackenzie and Mann, interest in subsidiaries, 4191
Maine Central connection, 3376 Management, 4189 Ministerial statement, 859 Prince Edward Island Railway, 891-2 Car ferry, 4246
Standardization of railway, 4247 Public ownership, 4190 Rates, 4187
Reports of operations, 3086
Stations-shelters, 891
Subsidiaries, 3289
Supplies, contracts for, 4193
Taxation of, 3393
Ties-list of contracts, 4251
Townsites, 4191
Withholding of information justified, 1652-7, 1674, 1684
Canadian National Railways Bill, 2842, 3085, 3376-94, 4187-95
Cars. See under this title, Railways Capilano bridge, 3778 Carvill, Mr. George, 4226-8 Civil Service Commission, 3139 Contracts signed by Government before submission to House, 1048 Dredging, 3781-90 Nova Scotia, 3786 Drill halls, 3148 Dry docks, 4567-72, 4573 Experimental farms, 3156-8 Farm labour, 1227 Flags for public buildings, 3158 Fort Frances public building, 3152 Fort William elevators-coarse grain shipments, 565 Graham's Run, 3159 Granby public building, 3150 Grand Etang bridge, 37S0 Grand Trunk Railway acquisition, 1113, 1311-8, 1435-60, 1486-1510: Administration, 4173 Branch lines, 1314-8 Correspondence, 1235-53 Hinton, Mr. W. P., 1311-2 Loan, 4579
[Stage Direction]
X
[Stage Direction]
1-1034	Volume II:
Volume IV:: 3079-4017
Reid, Hon. John D.-Con.
Grand Trunk Railway acquisition-Con.
London-Trafalgar square office, 1251 Montreal-Toronto line, 1491 Shareholders, list of, 3426-7 Strike of 1910, 1542 Grosse Isle, 3151 Hamilton
Postal station, 3152 Post office, 3151 Hanna, Mr. D. B.
Cahill, Mr., and, 2280 Canada Steamships, Limited, and, 1743 Highways Act, contribution to Ontario, 1047
Hull and Montreal highways, 1113 Hydro-Electric and Ontario Radial railway, 4172
Isle Verte, 3160
Kamloops public building, 3156 Kingsville public building, 3153 Lachine lock bridge, 4236 LotbiniSre and Megantic Railway, 950, 4585
Militia, Permanent force, barracks, 4579 Narrows, the, 3159 National parks, 3769-701 North Bay, shore protection, 3160 North Lake harbour, 3159 Oliver-St. Paul de Metis Railway, 344, 871 Ottawa buildings, fittings and furniture, 3154
Ottawa city, agreement with, 577-81, 9S8-92 Ottawa River conservation, 3779 Parliament Buildings, 1448-34, 3153 Port Hood wharf, 3159 Port Maitland, 4579 Portage la Prairie public building, 3156 Postage stamps for inland revenue, 3737 Post Office Dept., 3736-7 Public buildings, none new, 3147-8 Public works, resident engineers, 3787 Purchasing Commission, 4580-2 Question-complaint of unsatisfactory answer, 1047
Questions, inquiry as to, 2126, 2416 Railway Act Amdt. (Provincial Jurisdiction) 2412-13, 3634-6 Railway Mail Service, 4212 Railway rates, 864
Railways. See also, under this title, Canadian National; Grand Trunk Car shortage, 881-5, 1111
Proposed discussion in Railway Com., 885
Reports of, 1290 Taxation of profits, 865 Renfrew post office, 3151 Royal Military College, 3152-3
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Volume I :: lxxxviii

Reid, Hon. John D.-Con.
St. Anne bridge, 3773-4 St. John Harbour, 4567 Public buildings, 3148-9 Scammel, Mr. J. D., 3785 Shenacadie wharf, 3159 Shipbuilding, 652
Spirit River wheat shipments, 566 Steel cabinets, 3155 Sydney Quarantine station, 3148 Toronto
Postal station, 3155-6 Union station, 3226 Vancouver public buildings, 3156 Williams Head quarantine, 3156	*
Reid, Mr. John F. (Mackenzie)
Bridges, 3770
Budget, 2744. Mr. Edwards and United Grain Growers, 2744; Mr. Elkin and tariff, 2745; business methods of United Grain Growers-export market a necessity, 2746; duties collected in Canada and in t^e United States- railways in Canada and in Great Britain, 2747; Mr. Stevens and the farmers, 2748; Mr. Stacey and duty on apples, 2749; difficulties faced by Minister of Finance-income, luxury and excise taxes, 2750; life insurance for returned soldiers-railways-immigration, 2751; Hudson Bay railway -Mr. G. M. Murray and the press, 2753
Campaign funds, 1226 Canadian National Railways Branch lines, 3384 Western extensions, 4232 Civil Service bonus, 1281 Commercial feeding stuffs, 3174 Duties on textile imports, ques. 1899 Experimental farms, 2398 Firearms licenses, 3414-5 Food and Drugs Bill, 1635 Franchise Bill Aliens-certificate, 2100 Disqualification
Charitable support, those receiving, 1817
Election expenses, 1932 Recall, the, 2041 " Rural polling division," 1993 Grand Trunk Railway, 1459 Newspaper postage, 3751 Returned soldiers, tubercular, ques. 2005 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4153 Soldier Settlement, 1687-8, 2130, 2137-8 Cattle branding, 1700
Reid, Mr. John F.-Con.
Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill Firearms, 3793 Proprietary medicines, 3794 Wheat meal, 3795 Steamship subsidies, 4282 Vessel rates, proposed regulation of, 1721, 1734-5
Religious Orders from France, 231, 261
Repatriation Committee. See Pensions
Reports tabled, 1199, 1229, 1289, 1357, 1405, 1460, 1573, 1738, 2311, 2571, 2625, 2840, 3225, 4258, 4502
Restaurant Parliamentary. See Parliamentary
Restigouche, Interprovincial bridge, ques. 411	[DOT]
Retail Merchants' Association of Canada Special War Revenue, 3342 Vessel rates, 1717
Retirement. See Civil Service
Returned Soldiers, 46, 68. See also Pensions; Re-establishment; Soldier Settlement; Civil Service; Dominion Lands Badges, 437-47
Cash Gratuities, ministerial statement, 1082
Federal emergency fund. ques. 2182 Fishery officers at Isle Madame, ques. 3294 Fishing industry and, 531, 855. See also Fisheries
Franchise-exemption from disqualification, 1811, 1820
Life insurance, 519, 524. See also State Insurance
Militia Department appointments, ques. 2079, ques. 3358
Saar Valley Commission and, 344 Special War Revenue-taxation and, amdt. (Mr. Lemieux) 3446 Tubercular, treatment of, ques. 2005 Unauthorized wearing of buttons, 4020 University students, 519 Vocational training, 534 War veterans, petitions from, 505 Work for at Victoria-shipbuilding, 4584
Returns
Delayed, 459
Inquiry for, 618, 857, 3226, 4258, 3769
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[Stage Direction]
lxxxix
Revenue Bills
1.	Business Profits War Tax Act, 1917,
Arndt. Bill. Res. 3111; lr., 3117; 2r., com., 3229; 3r„ 3237
2.	Customs Tariff Act, 1907, Amdt. Bill.
Res., 3110; lr., 3111; 2r., com., 3174; 3r„ 3229
3.	Income War Tax, 1917, Amdt. Bill. Res.
3117; lr., 3128;	2r„ com., 3237, 3296,
4288; 3r., 4289
4.	Inland Revenue Act Amdt. Bill. Res.
3494; lr., 3498; 2r„ com., 3815; 3r., 3821. Senate amdts. 4263
5.	Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill.
Res. 3316;	3434; 3561; lr., 3634; 2r„
com., 3790; 3r., 4289. Senate amdts. 4505
Revenue and Expenditure. See Budget and debates thereon	-
Rhodes, Hon. Edgar N. (Cumberland) See Speaker
Richardson, Mr. Robert L. (Springfield) Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 200. Freight rates, 200; Canadian Pacific and Canadian National Railways, effect of rate increases, 201; Grand Trunk Pacific, 202; public ownership of railways, 204; Union Government, Quebec and her "hour," 206; Hon. Mr. Crerar, 207; Liberals and the tariff, 208 Board of Commerce, 1947 Correspondence, 3427 Murdock, Mr., letter of, 4488 Canadian National Railways, 4il99-420'4; public ownership - Transcontinental freight rates increase-no political influence, 4199-42012 Rates, 1448
Conner, Mr. James, dismissal of, 415, 419 Electricity, public ownership, 3117 Franchise Bill-advance polls, 1934 Franking privilege, 3767 French speeches, translation of, 702 Grand Trunk Railway, 1447, 1499 Income tax, charities, 3313'
Morning sittings, 272:3 National parks and game preserves, 3287 Newspaper postage, 3746-60 Press, the, and, 3752-3 Newsprint, price, 28'28 Railway rates, 1499 Rural mail, 4524
Steel and shipping merger, 1945-S, 1966 Vote-late in entering Chamber, 4180
Rifle Ranges. See Militia
Rimouski
British mails and, 4530-2
Rinfret, Mr. Fernand (St. James)
Budget, 2756. Fresh mandate from the people-election of 1917-by-elections, 2756; race prejudice and class party- cost of living-farmers and prices, 2757; profiteering, 27'58; the new taxes, 2759; United States luxury tax how imposed-criticism of public expenditure, 2760; St. James by-election-Mr. Meighen's address, 2761"; Liberal party and tariff-good understanding with English-speaking citizens desired, 2762; Quebec a tolerant province-the prosperity desired, 2763 CressS, Mr. L. G. A., ques, 4502	.
Customs duties-basis of estimates, ques. 1788
Election and introduction, 1367 Franchise Bill Poll, hours to be open, 1926 Proclamation-'language of publication, 2278, 2.282, 2291-2.
French treaty, ques. 1788 German and Austrian imports, ques. 2416, ques. 3359
Imports into Canada, ques. 2182 Insurance companies, mutual, taxation of, 2012, 2080
Naval Service, additional appropriation of $1,700,000, 4391-2 Newspaper postage, 3750-1 Press gallery, 3750
Roumania and Greece, advances to, ques. 3488
Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill Beer, 3605
Excise and sales tax, 3i335 Medals, gold, 3585 Musical instruments, 3695-6, 3628 Proprietary medicines, 3601
Riviere du Loup
Drill hall, 3726-7 Shops, ques. 315, ques. 80.1 Engine repairs, ques. 3079
Robb, Mr. James A. (Chateauguay-Hunting-don)
Alcohol, 3816-7 Apple barrels, 2018-21 Banff national park, 3769 Bankruptcy Bill, 3257
Budget debate, arrangements for, 2839-40, 2951
Business profits tax, 3234-7
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INDEX-1920 XC1

[Stage Direction]
Rowell, Hon. N. W.-Con.
Budget-Con.
of Public Information and the Daily Record, 2999; Canadian Official Record, Bureau of Information, New York, 3000; "advances unaccounted for," 3001; Civil Service appointments, number of, 3005; decreasing staffs in the Civil Service, 3006; expenditure and income estimated, 3007; public debt, inflation, 3008; Government's record in the war-Canada in a higher position than ever before-Mr. Fielding's amdt. 3009; Liberal Unionists' tariff record-tariff reduction, 3010; general election and franchise, 3011; Union Government's progressive measures-a tariff policy fair to all, 3012
Bulgaria. See; under this title, Peace Treaty Business of the House, private members' business, 539
Canada's national status, 498. See also, under this title, League of Nations; Peace Treaty
Empire, in, 359	.
British connection maintained, 365 Canadian National Railways, mail contracts, 4530 Censorship, 396 Civil Service
Bonus, 1270-6, 3147, 3228 Classification, 548, 556, 1112, 3769, 3984 In force 1 April, 1919, 3142-7 Inside Service, 4019, 4172 Vote to pay increased salaries, 4546 Reduction of pay, 3137 Temporary employees, 3128-33 War record, civil servants with, 3129-31 Civil Service Act Amdt. Bill, 1112, 3146 Senate amdts. 4056-60 Third reading, discussion, 3147 Colonial and Imperial Conference, 359 Commercial Feeding Stuffs, 617 Bill withdrawn, 1290-1 Daughters of Canada, case of, 397 Distressed mariners, 2251-9, 2260-7, 3102-5, 4056
Edmonton post office, theft from, 923, 4520 Eight-hour day, 449-54 European distress, 4546 Food adulteration, 3557 Food and Drugs Bill, 582, 956-79, 1256-69, 1465
Food inspectors, Nova Scotia, 3539-40 Franchise Bill
Aliens-certificate, 2073-5, 2220-3, 2229-30 Disqualification of candidates, 1087 Government annuities, 4528
Rowell, Hon. N. W.-Con.
Health department, 263, 3539-57 Honey adulteration, 582, 798, 2314-5 House of Commons staff, 4414, 4567 ^Housing, 3543-52 Construction, 3546
Immigration-medical inspection, 3555 Information service, 4543-4 International Joint Commission, 3986 International Labour Conference, 798 Labour Conference at Washington, 356 League of Nations, 349 Ames, Sir Herbert, stateipent by, 3971-S4 Assembly, the, 351
Budget of, Canada's contribution, 3982, 4544
Canada's interests and representation, 498, 3982
Decisions, enforcement of, 3975-6 Disarmament, 3976
French occupation of German territory, 1046
Labour, 354
Peace, maintenance of, 351 Phosphorus for matches, 356 Self-governing Dominions' status, 350 United States Senate reservations, 357 Letter-carriers' salaries, 345, 1276, 2670, 4529
Threatened strike-Government's attitude, 1231-2, 3424, 3623 Maple products, 582, 796-7, 1251-6, 2366, 4020
Marine hospitals, 3552-4 Naval Service, additional appropriation, $1,700,000, 4388 News Service, 4532
Opium and Drug Bill, 557, 1631-2, 1629-49, 1702-7, 1745-61, 1900, 3081 Parcel post supervisor,1 4530 Peace Treaty. See also, under this title, League of Nations Bulgaria, 498, 1057-61 France-protection against Germany, 1059
Hungary and Turkey, 1059-60, 3983-4 Pensions and Re-establishment, 435 Special Com., 614, 752 Pensions district offices, rumoured closing of, 710, 867
Pollution of boundary waters, 3552 Postal employees' salaries, 2670, 4526-30.
See also, under this title, Letter Carriers Postmen. See, under this title, Letter Carriers
Printing Bureau Economies in, 3006 Sunday work, 4020 Proprietary medicines, 3542'
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XC11 COMMON'S DEBATES

[Stage Direction]
Rowell, Hon. N. W.-Con.
Purchasing Board, 1470-1, 1481-4 Quarantine-Tracadie, 3554 Regina library, 396
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 10, 387, 4021, 4547-8, 4575'
Buildings, 3214, 4573 Distribution of force, 3207-8, 3214 Duties of the force, 3195 Expense-Details, 3204-6 Division of with Provincial Governments, 3203 Increased,' 3209
H.R.H. Prince of >Wales, Honorary Commandant, 398 Name, change of, 398 Pensions, 388, 391, 398, 3202 Permanent Militia Force and, 3209 Provincial Police and, 3195-6 Strikes and, 3200 Ticket-of-leave system and, 399 Rural mail carriers, 1233, 4526-6 St. John pension office, 1742i Services of Dominion troops overseas, resolution of British House of Commons, 1150
Shipbuilding, expenditure, how to be met, 918
Supply and the Budget, 918 Toronto Postal employee®, threatened strike, 34'24
Venereal diseases, 3556 Washington, Canadian representation at, 4536-41
M. (Mr. Fielding) in amdt. to supply, 2444, 2474
Roy, Mr. Gustave, ques. 1898, ques. 1899
Roy, Hon. Mr., and International Labour Conference, 3359
Royal Assent, 1165, 2259, 3634-5
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 242, 4547 Barracks, 3214, 4572	[DOT]
Change of name of force, 398 Duncan, Mr. Walter and, ques. 1117, ques. 2720
H.	R.H. Prince of Wales, Honorary Commandant, 398
Ministerial explanation in Supply, 3194-6, 3200-15
Pensions, 388, 397
Special Com. not to consider, 615
Royal Canadian Mounted Police Bills
I.	Commissioner. Res. 387; lr., 10;	2r.,
com., 396 ; 3r., 459
2. Pensions'. Res. 3864, 3968; lr., 3959; 2r., com., 3r., 4021
Royal Commission on Natural Resources, Trade and Legislation, ques. 4502
Royal Military College, 3152
Rural Credits, ques. 589
Rural Mail Carriers, ques. 414, ques. 591, 1233, 1282-3, 4522. See also, Post Office Pontbriand-Robertsonville, ques. 2313 Routes, ques. 506
Russia
Icebreakers, sold to, 1599, 1602, 210'6-7 Military expedition to, ques. 995 Trade with, 4322
Ruthenian-Greek Rite. See Juvenile Delinquent Act
St. Camille-Cabano proposed railway, ques. 589
St. Hermas postal service, ques. 412 St. James By-Election, 707 St. Jean D'Orleans Wharf, ques. 317 St. Joachim Postmaster, ques. 1121
St. John, N.B
Armoury, ques. 994 District pension office, 17412 Exhibition buildings, use by militia, ques. 2009
Harbour, 2189, 2985, 3492-93, 4567, 4573 Obstruction, 2118 Pilots, 2119 Public buildings, 3149
St. John River
Report of International Commission, ques. 1623
Water powers, ques. 674, 3290)
St. John and Quebec Railway, ques. 508, ques. 1036
St. Julien, Battle of, Commemoration, 1357, 1510
St. Lawrence River\
lie d'Orleans, 3205
North shore municipalities, ques. 922, ques. 1116
Post offices, ques. 1116 Power development on, ques. 1120 Engineers, ques. 123 0 Route and channel Dredging, 1616
Ice conditions and icebreakers, 230, ques.
3117, 856-8 Insurance, 4515
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INDEX-1920 XC11I

[Stage Direction]
St. Lawrence River-Con.
Route and Channel-Con.
Navigation season, 916 Steamship service, 652
St. Lo uis, Mr. Horace and translation of Revised Statutes, 3082
St. Malo shops, ques. 3079, ques. 3618
St. Peter River
Floods, 889, ques. 1115 Work on, ques. 4019
St. Quentin and Theriault, N.B., catastrophe, 3080
St. Regis Indians, ques. 799
St. Romuald, ques. 2005
St. Valier Wharf, ques. 1231
St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary. See Labrie
Ste. Anne Soldiers' hospital, ques. 588
Ste. Anne de Beaupre Wharf, ques. 506
Ste. Anne de Bellevue Military Hospital, ques. 1115
Ste. Famille Wharf, ques. 317, ques. 810
Ste. Rosalie-Bagot spur line, ques. 2009
Saar Valley Commission, 344, 3963, 3974. See also League of Nations
Saguenay River
Buoys, ques. 1000 Dredging, ques. 673
Sailors. See Canada Shipping Act
Salaries Act and House of Commons Act Arndt. Bill. Res. 4379; lr., 4380; 2r., 4427; com., 4456; 3r., 4459
Sales Tax. See Special WTar Revenue
San Remo Conference, 1465
Savard, Mr. Edmond (Chtcoutimi-Saguenay) Bersimis-Rimouski Service, ques. 1463 Budget, 2870. Union Government-congratulations to Minister of Finance, 2871; the new taxes and cost of living -profiteering - Canada's liabilities, 2872; tariff revision-unfair treatment of Chicoutimi and Saguenay by Government, 2873; St. Catharine-Tadous-sac mail, 2874; Metabetchouan postmastership, 2876; Liberal fiscal policy approved, 2879
Savard, Mr. Edmond-Con.
Chicoutimi, military expedition to, ques. 409
Hebertville-St. Joseph d'Alma, mail, ques. 1000
Inspector of weights and measures, ques. 4096
Malbaie-Tadoussac service, ques. 674 Metabetchouan postmaster, ques. 1120 North Point lighthouse, ques. 1361 Post offices in Quebec cities, ques. 413 Saguenay River Buoys, ques. 1000 Dredging, ques. 673
St. Lawrence North Shore municipalities, 922, ques. 1116
Soldiers serving in Bermuda, ques. 1461 Telegraph operators, government, ques. 2182
Scammell, Mr. J. K., 3784 Scenic attractions, 3538-9 Schelking, Baron, ques. 361S
Scientific Research, 14, 43, 324
Committee, Special, 617, 2154
Scott, Mr. F. S. (South Waterloo)
Canadian National Railways, withholding of information, 1676 Income tax

charities, 3313 Race track betting, 3430
Scrap Iron and Steel, sale of, ques. 1739
Screenings, ques. 704. See also Commercial Feeding Stuffs; Elevators; Grain Accumulation at elevators, 3395 Export to United States, 3167
Secret Diplomacy. See Debates under League of Nations; Peacfe Treaties
Seduction. See Criminal Code
Seed Branch, 2411
Seed Grain
Advances, ques. 321, ques. 2519 Alberta, ques. 674
Purchasing Commission, [DOT] ques. 1117
Seguin, Mr. Paul A. (L'Assomption-Mont-calm)
Budget, 3075. Extravagant expenditure, 3075; so-called luxury taxes-neglect of agriculture-Imperial navy, 3076; lighten people's burden-Mr. Fielding's amdt. 3077
Income tax-provincial salaries, ques. 3490
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XC1V COMMONS DEBATES

[Stage Direction]
Seguin, Mr. Paul A.-Con.
Leaf tobacco, ques. 996 Military instructors for educational institutions, ques. 413
Military uniforms for educational institutions, ques. 413 Naval Service, 4406
Senate and House of Commons Act Arndt.
See Indemnity of Members.
Senate
Appointment of members of Commons to, 257-
Cost of, ques. 1118
Immigration Act Amdt. rejected by, 3426 Provincial legislators and, 1087 Senator also Legislative Councillor, 209 Staff, 4056-9
Serbia, reported credit to, 567. See also League of Nations; Peace Treaty
Sevigny, Hon. Albert, 114, 210
Sex Hygiene, 942
Sexsmith, Mr. John Albert (East Peterborough)
Apple barrels, 2018-9
Canadian National Railways, standard time, ques. 588
Demonstration farms, 2390, 2396 Eight-hour day, 379 Food and Drugs Bill, 1260-1 Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 1935, 1941 Assiniboia expenses, 1179, 1184 Conveying voters, 1063 Deposit, 1094-6
Polling place-parties present, 1102 Voters' lists, 2424-6, 2433 Oleomargarine, 1874-5, 1970
Shaw, Mr. Hugh M. (Macleod)
Canadian Northern Railway bonds guaranteed by Alberta, ques. 2180
Sheard, Mr. Charles (South Toronto) Franchise Bill-liquor on polling day, 1108 Income tax-disputed returns, 3119-20 Letter carriers' salaries, 1231, 3424 Mines Dept., salaries, 3802-3 Special War Revenue Bill, point of order, 3318
Shenacadie Wharf, 3159
Shipbuilding, 44, 53. See also Shipbuilding Credits; Canada Shipping Act Canadian Government Merchant Marine, 622, 659
Shipbuilding-Con.
Contracts, ques. 314, 662, 892, 919 Govt, operation, Montreal shipping men's opinion, 908
Govt, shipyard at Sorel, 1620, ques. 2180 Inland waters, vessels for, 913 Material for, importation of, ques. 1114 Returned men and, 909 Ship plates, 623 Duty on, ques. 706 Statement by Minister, 618 Steel contracts1, ques. 2573 Subsidies, 913
Supply

vote of $20,000,000, 89!2 Victoria Shipowners (Limited), 4583i
Shipbuilding Credits Bill. Res., 3863, 3987; lr„ 4017; 2r„ 4137; com., 4155; 3r„ 4173
Conditions under which, assistance may be given, 4155
Limitation of amount (amdt. Mr. McMas-ter) 4166
Parliament, report to, 4166-7 Preamble, 4155, 4167
Registration and ownership, 4157,	4197
(amdt. Mr. Duff) 4165 Size of ships, 4159
* Wooden ships (amdt. Mr. Duff) 4161
Shipping. See also Canada Shipping Act; Steel and Shipping Registration of, 1614
Shipping Federation. See Canada Shipping Act
Ships. See also Vessels; Naval Service; Shipbuilding; Canadian Government Merchant Marine
Foreign, taxation of. See Canada Shipping Act
Great Britain, from, acceptance of, inquiry for correspondence, 4413. See also _ Naval Defence; Naval Service
Shipwrecked Mariners. See Canada Shipping Act
Shipyard. See Shipbuilding
Shorts. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Sick and Distressed Mariners. See Canada Shipping Act; Marine Hospitals
Sifton, Rt. Hon. A. L. (Secretary of State and Minister of Mines)
Canada Temperance Act, 4559 Censorship, 4556 Editorial Board, 4559 War trophies, 4557
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INDEX-1920 xcv

[Stage Direction]
Simpson, Mr. Thomas E. (West Algoma) Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill Confectionery, 3593 Sales tax, 3794 Voters' lists, 2424
Sinclair, Mr. John E. (Queen's, P.E.I.)
Canadian National Railways-Prince Edward Island car ferry-standardization of railway

Georgetown-Pictou route -labour conditions - Prince Edward Island representative on Board of Management, 41243-6 Commercial Feeding Stuffs, 3174 Franchise Bill, voters' lists, provincial, 23519-60-
Govt. steamers, wages, 1598-9 Graham's Run, 3159 Hickey's wharf, 706 Icebreaker and car ferry, 1602 Judges' salaries, 3854 Maple products, 797 Newfoundland, 4280 North Lake harbour, 3159 Soldier Settlement, 2132 Wrecks, 1612
Sinclair, Mr. John H. (Antigonish and Guys-borough)
Advances not accounted for, 2641, 3652-3 Alcohol tax-effect on science, 3496 Antigonish and North Sydney public works, ques. 54-3, ques. 1004
Army boots and shoes, ques. 506, ques. 1229
Auditor General's report, 4274 Banks, chartered, Government receipts from, ques. 1001	.
British Columbia Indians, 788-90, 951-3 British preference, ques. 811 Budget, 2636. Cessation of borrowing, 2636; checking waste and extravagance- Union party, 2'637; how expenditure might be reduced, 2639; Dept, of Public Information, 2639; Militia advances unaccounted for, 2641; many appointments to the Civil Service, 2642; Liberal tariff platform - parliamentary govt., 2643 Buoy service, 2116-7
Canadian Government Merchant Marine Coal, ques. 1623 Earnings-, ques. 1359 Freight rates, ques. 2009 Information withheld, complaint of, 1649 Shareholders, ques, 2011 Canadian National Railways Deficit, 889-90
Eastern Nova Scotia and, 3377-8 Ships and, 897, 904
Sinclair, Mr. John H.-Con.
Canadian National Railways-Con.
Taxation of, 3394 Western extensions, 3387-8 Canadian News Service at Washington, ques. 414
Canadian Northern Railway, arbitration, ques. 2008, ques. 3488 Canadian Railway War Board, ques. 508 Canadian Wheat Board, 4345-50 Central Vermont Railway, ques. 1035 Chartered Banks, money received from, ques. 1001
Civil Service, 3132-40 Appointments, ques. 311 Classification, 3144 Employees, number of, 2642, 3145-6 Insurance, 1780
Temporary employees, ques. 415, 3132-40 Coal Operations Director Bill, 3367 Cold storage, 2407 Dominion lands, ques. 1118 Dredging, 3783 Exchequer Court, 2201 Extension of trade, 1881, 1884-5 Fisheries
Overseers and guardians, 3522-3 United States, treaty with, ques. 1002 Food inspectors, 3539-40 Franchise Bill
By-elections, simultaneous, 1093 Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, 1070 Constables, 3907 Election officers, 1075 Fees, etc., 1111
False statement made to affect election, 1066-7
Interpretation, 1991-2
Oaths, administration of, 780
Poll books, etc., to returning officer, 1079
Proclamation, 1081
Recount by judge, 1110
Returning officers, 1575
Voters' lists
Addition and elimination of names, 3909-13
Preparation-partisanship complained of, 3906
Provincial, 2328-30, 2338, 2360, 3883-4, 3894
Transfer of voters, 3904 Voting on certificate, 1100-1 Government steamers-purchases for, 1610 Government vouchers, loss of at sea, ques. 3489
Guysborough harbour, 2124 Halifax grain elevator, ques. 1116 Health Dept.-variety of its business, 3541
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3079-4017	Volume V:


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INDEX-1920 X'CVII

[Stage Direction]
Soldier Settlement, 275, 516, 521, 524, 527, 534, 1684, 2127, 3218
Colonization lots In Montmagny, ques. 1229 Ministerial explanation in Supply, 3192
Soldier Settlement Act, 1919, Arndt. Bill, lr., 128(9; 2r„ 1685; com., 1685; 3r„ 1839
Sorel
Government employees at, ques. 1199 Shipyard, 162<0, ques. 2180'
Superintendent, ques. 343 Vandal, Mr. Calixte, ques. 1740
Soulanges Canal Road, ques. 999
Southam Press Limited, ques. 4096
Sovietism. See Bolshevism
Sparrow, Dr. C. J., ques. 1896
Speaker (Hon. Edgar N. Rhodes)
Rulings and Statements of
Amendments, consequential, 23,15 Bills	i
Com., ref. back to-unanimous consent, 4264
Divorce, charges, 4321, 4413 Introducible only by resolution-ref. to trade, 2079
Introduction-not in "Notices of Motion," 1216
Not printed in French, 1152 Resolution adopted, but notice of motion for first reading possibly required, 1229
Senate amendments taken seriatim, 4059 2r
Declared carried, debate closed, 395 Member may speak only once, 3833 Principle only to be discussed, 3827 Same day as lr., 4341 3r
Amdt. by House without ref. again to Com. 1537
Consequential amdts. 2i3!15-Same day as Com. stage, 2204 Budget debate
Amdt. not to limit debate, 2518 Debate on Thursday and Friday, 2576 Com. suggested for convenience in asking questions-League of Nations, 3971
Comment on documents criticising members, 235
Debate closed by mover, 436, 446, 1137, 1966, 2316, 3102
Speaker (Hon. Edgar N. Rhodes)-Con.
Rulings and Statements of-Con.
Debate closed by mover-Con.
Rule inapplicable, 2315 Mover of amdt. 3956 3r. of Bill, 2251 Debates, Official Report of
Insertion of documents not read, 363, 364, 1416, 1890, 3932 Question standing as order for return, 1743 Decorum,
Conversation, 2316, 4367 Cowardice, imputation of, 66-7 Noise-building operations, 345 Estimates, item in, debate on, 2467 Hartney, Mr. E. P., 4566 House of Commons French language, status of, 1039-44 Honour of impugned by statement outside-Rev. Dr Speer, 3491, 3557 Officials and Staff
Organization and classification, 859, 1037-45, 3092-9, 4504, 4563-7 Pages, 3099
Side lobbies, admission of strangers to, 1629
Hypothetical against direct statement, 259
Imputation against a member, 234, 2846 Inquiry for report ordered in French, 2126
Interruptions, 457, 480, 734, 737, 1653, 1709-10
Board of Commerce, 4496-7 Language
"A void in their craniums," 737 "Deliberate falsehood," 2749 "Falsehood," 259 "Mean," 529
"Meanly and untruthfully alleging," 233
"Representatives

the stigma they
have left upon themselves," 547 Retracted but afterwards referred to, 774
"Shameless" and words of like character, 235
"Spoke with a brief for the great Massey-Harris corporation," 2627 "Uttered a falsehood deliberately," 2845-6 Members
Asking for answer to question, 2179 Giving way by courtesy, 759 How to be referred to, 50, 528 Mover limited in reply, 1966
Exception, by unanimous consent, 2784
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Speaker (Hon. Edgar N. Rhodes)-Con. Rulings and Statements of-Con.
Memb ers-C on.
Not having the floor, not to be interrogated, 528	-
Right to speak exhausted, 1561, 1572, 1676, 2315, 2702, 4060 Speaking, may not interrogate another, 2631-2
Speakinlg, may submit questions, 2702-4
To speak only once on a motion, 1466, 1656-7 Motions
Negative, amdt., 4061 Non-debatable
Adjourning debate, 1017, 2840, 4062 Those moved by unanimous consent, 2626
Those taken up under arrangement of no debate, 2014
Notice not given-unanimous consent necessary, 2023, 2177, 2575, 2626 Consent refused, M. stands as notice, 2575
Public expenditure, calling for, 3933 Seconder absent, 418 Successive to adjourn debate, 2840 To adjourn for purpose of discussing matter of urgent, etc.
Steel and shipping merger, 1945-6 Coal shortage, 3685-6 Unnecessary
Authorizing Com. to sit, it not having reported finally, 2776 Withdrawn on understanding of reference, 437
Non-debatable subjects
Com., matters pending before, 3652-3 Report, presentation of, 4257-8 Subjects already debated, 3686 Notice of motion covering question in Votes and Proceedings, 2723 Notice of motion, undesirability of general debate-unanimous consent for Leader of the Opposition, 2178 Orders of the Day
Debate limited, 33, 230, 231, 710, 856, 1045, 1573, 1896, 2179, 2248, 2968, 3228, 3296
Application must be general, 3424 Appropriateness of matter, 1574, 2476, 1742, 3561, 3423, 3769 Argument, 3427
Labrie Brothers, case of, 3560-1 Letter carriers, 1232 Ministerial statements, 708-9
In the nature of making out a case, 3425_______________________
Volijme-T:	M034	VolmneTiT
Volume I Vi 3079-4017
Speaker (Hon. Edgar N. Rhodes)-Con.
Rulings and Statements of-Con.
Orders of the Day-Con.
Debate limited-Con.
Replying, latitude allowed in, 3425 Question to be summarized, 3295 Question only partly answered, 753 Question to the House disallowed, 1743
Stoneham, Finlay, case of, 568 Unanimous consent refused, debate not permissible, 2082 Parliamentary restaurant, 3094-6 Previous debate, 1217, 1675, 4417, 4431-2 Coal question, 3686 Privilege
Non-personal reflections, excluded from, 1231
Question may not be raised when another member has the floor, 529, 2838 Ref. to proceedings of Com. which has not reported, 2081 Questions
Answer of Government to be accepted, 753, 1743
Not to be altered by another member;
notice to be given, 510 Passed as orders for returns, 1743 At option of Government, 511 Permission not needed to place on Order Paper, 1047 Portion deleted, 1045 Reference to answering-appropriate occasion, 1047, 2416 Standing for Member's revision, 2413 To Chairman of a Committee, and without notice, 2843
Quotations containing language forbidden under the rules, 234-6 Reading of Speeches, 2966 Recognizing members-Mr. Jacobs, Mr. McDonald, 3026, 3039 Relevancy, 734-5, 750-1, 1573, 1954, 3177, 4060
Address, debate on-Budget debate should not be anticipated, 129 Civil Service and patronage, 547 Debate on motion to adjourn for the purpose of discussing, etc., should be strictly relevant, 1951 Judges' salaries and indemnity of members, 4417 Limits of debate, 2468 Naturalization and franchise, 771 Pensions report-general election, 3946 Report not printed in French as ordered, 2016
Speer, Rev. Dr., statement of, 3491, 3557
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INDEX-1920 XC1X

[Stage Direction]
Speaker (hJon. Edgar N. Rhodes)-Con. Rulings and Statements of-Con.
Supply-Committee of Thursday procedure, 3686 Saturday procedure, 3840, 4275 Unanimous consent, 181, 617, 2078, 2625, 3956, 4060, 4321. See also, under this title, Debates, Official Report of, insertion, etc.
Adjournment to fixed time, moved without notice, 304 Customs Act, 3620 M. (Mr. Lemieux) Coal Supply, 3686 Mr. Mackenzie King on Canadian representative at Washington, 2178 Speech of mover not close of debate, 2784
Statement concerning Com. not otherwise permitted, 2081-2 Unauthorized distribution of documents in (House, 1744 Vote-member late, 4180 Wednesday evening sittings, 1045
Speaker's Chair
Offer of gift from the Lords and Commons of the United Kingdom, 3224
Speech from the Throne debated. See Address
Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill. Res. 3316; 3334; 3561; lr., 3634; 2r., com., 3790; 3r., 4289; Senate amendments, 4505 Arrangements for debate, 3617, 3631, 3454 Consideration in detail, 3487-8 Changes proposed, 3345 When effective, 3335, 3607, 3629 Clauses and subjects
" Consumer," definition of, 3795 Effect on prices, 3329, 3340 Importations, 3795 Licenses, 3579, 3600, 4290 Jewellers, 3579 Manufacturer, small, 3797 Manufacturer's agent, 3609 Merchandise not delivered on May 19, 3613
Penalties, 4290 Refunds, 3629, 3607 Retail Merchants' Association, 3342 Revenue from estimated sources, 3332-3 Sales, one or two per cent tax; res., 3608
Stamp taxes and stamps, 3626-7, 3800, 4290
Stocks in trade, 3604 Taxes, how paid, 3587
Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill-Con.
Sources of Revenue Discussed Acetylene gas, 3796 Airplanes, 3592 Automobiles, 3597, 3793 Baby foods, 3473 Bank overdrafts, 3624-5, 3798 Beer, 3605
Used to make vinegar, 3604 Binder twine, 3610, 3623 Biscuits, 3460
Boats, canoes, yachts, etc., 3588 Boots, 3563-5, 3585 Breakfast foods, 3795 Bric-a-brac 3576 Candy and confectionery 3592 Carpets and rugs, 3577, 3585 Cattle feed, 3473 Chandeliers, 3578, 3597 Chewing gum, 3594 Cigarholders, etc., 3576 Clocks and watches, 3574 Clothes, 3563
Made to order, 4290 Coats, fur, 3791-3
Collars and collarettes of lace, 3574, 3792
Containers, 3615, 3632
Curtains, 3578
Dresses, except silk, 3686-7
Electrical supplies, 3460
Embroideries, 3573
Firearms, 3594, 3793
Food, 3616, 3795
Fountain pens, pocket knives, etc., 3577, 41289
Furniture, 3574
Furs, 3400, 3569, 3791-2
Gas and electric light fixtures, 3596
Glassware, 3569
Gloves, 3568
Hats and caps, 3438, 3453, 3574, 3562, 3565-6, 3790, 4290 Hosiery, 3791
Jams and marmalade, 3796 Jewellery, 3338, 3578 Licenses, 3579
Departmental stores, 3583, 3617 Medals, 3585
Wedding rings, 3584, 3797 Kimonas, petticoats and waists, 3790 Lace, 3573, 3791-3 Collars, 3574, 3792
Liquor and preparations containing alcohol, 3606 Liquor cabinets, etc, 3793 Meats, 3473 Moving pictures, 3627 Musical instruments, 3460-1, 3595-7, 3628
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c



COMMONS- DEBATES

[Stage Direction]
Special War Revenue Act Amdt. Bill-Con.
Sources of revenue discussed-Con. Neckwear, 379'0 Nightgowns, 3567 Oriental rugs, 3577 Overcoats, cloth, 3©86 Pedlars, 3574 Plated ware, 3572 Playing cards, 3599 Promissory notes, 3624 Proprietary medicines, 3600, 3627, 3794 Purses a-nd pocketbooks, 3568'
Real estate sales, 3796
Ribbons (including typewriter ribbons) 3473, 3574
Sales tax, 2487, 3608, 3794 Silk
Clothing, 3790 Dresses, etc., 3562, 3.632 Fabrics, 3572 Split peas, etc., 3795 Spirits and medicated wines, 3793 Sporting goods, 3569, 3572 Socks and stockings (silk)
Men's and boys, 3566 Women's, 3567 Stock transfers, 3624, 3800 Suits, women's, 3587 Tobacco pipes, 4'289 Toiletware, 3576 Tooth washes, 3794 Umbrellas, 3568 Underwear,.3453-4, 3791, 3568 Wedding rings, 3584, 3797 Wheat meal, 3795-6
Speer, Rev. Dr. and Race Track legislation, 3490, 3557
Spence, Rev. Ben., 1218, 1227
Spinney, Mr. Edgar K. (Yarmouth and Clare) Budget, 2711. Congratulations to Finance Minister-Canada's war service, 2711; business profits tax, 21712; Canada's agriculture and fisheries, 2713i; Mr. Fielding's amdt., 2714 Port Maitland, 4579
Spirit Lake, 566, 2398
Springs. See Irrigation Act Amdt.
Stacey, Mr. F. B. (Fraser Valley)
Alien immigrants, 823
Budget, 2618. British Columbia farmers, 2618; British Columbia resources-the team spirit-change of attitude on trade question, 2619; orchard industry, 2620; American competition with Canadian fruit growers, 2621; head tax, 2623
Stacey, Mr. F. B.-Con.
Campaign funds, 1225 Franchise Bill, Orientals, 1823 Hearing in the Chamber, suggested rearrangement of seats, 394 Indians, British Columbia, 4021, 4037 Inspection and Sale-Fruit containers, 2021 Oleomargarine, 1858 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 394-5 Soldier Settlement, 2141
Stamp taxes, 2487
Standing Orders, Com. appointed, 305
State Insurance for Returned Soldiers' Bill.
Res., 3864, 3958; lr., 3958; 2r„ com., 4054; 3r., 4056; Senate amdts., 4466
Statistical Department, 1879, 3296
Statutes, proposed revision, 38121
Steamboat Inspection, 2125. See also Canada Shipping Act Amdt.
Steamers. See Vessels
Steamship Companies, proposed Govt, supervision of, 2013
Steamship Services
Canadian National Railway vessels, services, ques. 342 Camp'bellton-Gaspe, ques. 342 Charlottetown, 4280 Halifax-Cape Breton, 4281 Eockeport-Froude's Point, 4S14 Magdalen Islands, 649-52 Malbaie-Tadoussac, ques. 674 Monfcreal-Quebee-Gaspe, ques. 587 Mulgrave-Canso, 4515 New Zealand, 4277 Newfoundland, 4277, 4281 South Africa, 4280
Victoria-Vancouver West Island, 4280 Victoria-Skagway, 4514
Steel Industry, 623, 629, 648. See also Shipbuilding
British Empire Steel Corporation, ques. 2777, 4010
Steel and shipping merger, 1895
Debate on M. to adjourn House, 1945
Steele, Mr. Michael (South Perth)
Alien immigrants, 812, 838 Board of Commerce resignations, 4258 Civil Servants with war record, 3130-1 Franchise Bill, voters' lists, 2440 Magazine postage rates, ques. 1898 Press, the, and postal rates, 3745-50, 3761 Retirement of members of public service. 3834
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INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
ci
Steele, Mr. Michael-Con.
Rulings and statements as Chairman Relevancy, 3219-20, 3680, 3713 Scientific research, 2169 Southam Press, Ltd., ques. 4096
Stefansson Expedition, ques. 704, 3284
Stein, Mr. Adolph (Kamouraska)
Criminal Code-petty thefts, 3420 Election and introduction, 949 House of Commons staff, 1041 Income tax Appeals, 3243
Exemptions on account of children, 3298 Lightkeepers' salaries and bonus, 1282, 2110
Quebec and Saguenay Railway, ques. 3619
RiviOre du Loup drill hall, 3726
Stenographers, Members', salaries of, ques, 2311
Sterling, payments to C.E.F., ques. 2008
Stevens, Mr. H. H. (Vancouver Centre) Alcohol, tax on, 3495
Bill, introduction of-point of order, 1216 Budget, 2589. Minister of Finance and his critics-revenue and expenditure, 2589; foreign credits-Liberals and Liberal-Unionists, 2590; tariff as discussed by spokesman for the Opposition, 2591; war wealth taxation amdt. (Mr. Fielding) 2593; tariff reform, 2594; Farmers' platform, 2595; farmers and the sale of wheat, 2596; business profits taxes, 2598; elevators-political campaign contributions, 2599; income tax-the Budget and direct taxation, 2601; Wheat Board and wheat trade, elevators, etc., 2602; public debt and natural resources, 2603 Canadian Wheat Board, ques., 3294, 4104, 4112
Civil Service classification, ques. 674 Civil Service retirement, 3838 Debates-difficulty in hearing, 1416 Eight-hour day, 335 Fisheries-British Columbia, 3521 Franchise Bill
Advance polls, 3875 Aliens-certificate, 2089-91, 2094 Polling divisions, 1520 Returning officers, 1534 Grain trade. See under this title, Canadian Wheat Board
Indemnity of members, 4089 Military training, 3707-8
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Stevens, Mr. H. H.-Con.
Militia, Cadet service, 3707-8 Naval Service
Badges, ques., 506
Debate on estimates-delay, 4411-2 Parliament Buildings, 1416 Purchasing govt, supplies, ques. 591 Returned soldiers' res. for special Com.- pensions, students, vocational training, 532"
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 388, 395 Veterans and Pensions, 397, 3201 Sick and distressed mariners, 2253-4, 2263-4, 3099, 3105
Soldier Settlement-soldiers who remained in Canada, 1686 Special War Revenue Bank overdrafts, 3798-9 Changes by Finance Minister, 3438, 3448 Water carriage of goods, 1213-6 Regulation of, 1723-7 Young, Mr. F., ques. 2313
Stewart, Mr. J. A. (Lanark)
Opium and Drug Bill, 1632, 1637, 1640, 1645,
1648,	1703, 1744-9, 1754-9 Special .War Revenue
Proprietary medicines 3601-6 Sales taxes, 3611
Stewart, Mr. Thomas J. (West Hamilton) Jams and marmalade, 3796 Letter carriers, 1232 Vessel rates, 1709, 1727
Stewart, Mr. W. J., 3985
Stoneham, Finlay, 567
Strikes. See also Grand Trunk; Industrial Disputes
How authorized in certain cases, 1902 Trial of Winnipeg parties, ques. 2181
Subsidies and Bounties-Farmers' party position, 899
Sugar
Embargo on, 3226 . Importations, ques. 2009 Price, 1896
Superannuation. See Civil Service Supply Bills. See Appropriation Acts
Supply, Committee of, 880, 1296, 1416, 1598,
1649,	1877,	2103,	2151,	2366,	2382,	2390.'	.	3147,	3192,	3218,	3265,	3507,	3654,	3702,3769,	3801,	3821,	3840,	3961,	4069,	4181,4274,	4291,	4380,	4466,	45061035-2002	Volume 111:	2003-3078


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Volume I:: 



[Stage Direction]
cm
Sutherland, Mr. Donald-Con.
Eight-hour day, 384
Industry and agriculture, 453 Experimental farm system, ques. 1360 Ontario, 45*60
M. for extension, 1005, 1014 Food and Drugs Bill, 965 Food shortage, threatened, 1845 Franchise Bill-Indians, 2056 Grain elevators, ques. 3862 Indemnity of members, 409*5 Inspection and Sale Act-containers*, 2021 Mining resources-prospectors, 3812. National Council of Women, declaration by, 1841
Oleomargarine, 1840-75 Re-claimed screenings, ques. 507 Registration postal rate, and express companies, 3744
Rural mail carriers, 1233, 1282-4 Soldier Settlement, 2131 Special War Revenue Act Arndt. Bill- License, small manufacturer, 3797 Threat to members by outsiders, 174*3 United Grain Growers' Limited, ques. 92*2 Sydney, Quarantine station, 31*4*9 Syrians in Canada, ques. 3862 Tache, Mr. Charles Eugene, ques. 3490 Taohe, Mr. J. de L., 4505 Taft, ex-President, and Grand Trunk Railway, 3490
Tariff. See also Address; Budget; Customs, Special War Revenue French Treaty. See that title Prices, 227
Reduction of-amdt. (Mr. Fielding) to Budget, 2510 7% per cent, ques. 1001 Tobacco, duties on, ques. 1114 Tariff Changes, 2490
Taxation. See also Revenue Bills Business profits, ques. 314 Civil Service income by Ottawa city. Sec Ottawa City Agreement Bill Customs. See also Tariff 7% per cent, ques. 1001 Direct or indirect, 128, 167 Excess profits, ques. 2012 Govt, railway property, of, 580-1, 3893 Income, 123, 227
Forms in French, 1084, 1573 Incomes over $100,000, ques. 3490 Inspector at Kingston, ques. 2181 Trust and Loan Company of Canada, 586
Taxation-Con.
Income and profits, collection, ques. 806. Indemnity of members. See that title Land, 128, 177, 220, 228, 2612, 2883, 2888 Single Tax, 1120, 2651-7, 2706 Luxuries, 2615. See also Special War Revenue Mines, 128, 3810
Mutual Insurance Companies, ques. 2012 Provincial and Federal, 833 Provincial salaries and indemnities, ques.. 3490
Railway profits, 865 Real estate transfers, 3796 War profits, 189, 302 War taxes, ques. 1001 War tax stamps, ques. 807 Waterfront privileges, 128 Wealth, 2527
Taxes, municipal payment by Dominion. See Ottawa City agreement
Technical Education, 43, 53
Government assistance, ques. 2519
Technical Education Bill, lr., 1290; 2r., com., 1761; 3r„ 1762
Telegraphs and Telephones, 4577 Govt, contracts, ques. 1627 Govt, operators, bonus, ques. 2182 Rates appeal, ques. 2009
Temiscouata Railway, ques. 674
Textiles, duties on imports, ques. 1899. See also Customs
Theodore D'Acton Post Office, ques. 2011
Theriault and St. Quentin catastrophe, 3080
Thompson, Mr. Alfred (Yukon)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 76. Parliament Buildings, 76; Orders in Council and Yukon-[DOT] stability of Upion Government, 77; industrial prosperity and popular unrest-high cost of living and the remedy, 78; Canada and Canada's achievements-local representation in the Cabinet, position of (Hon. Mr. Blondin, 79; proposed general election -Leader of the Opposition on the health of the Prime Minister, 80; hopes for Prime Miniser's restoration to health, 81 Franchise Bill
Disqualification of candidates, 1088 " Rural polling division," 1993
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COMMON'S DEBATES

[Stage Direction]
Thompson, Mr. Alfred-Con.
Franking privilege, 3357 Opium and Drug Bill, 1631-2 Scientific research, 2160 Stefansson expedition, ques. 704 Yukon Placer Mining Act, 3107-9
Thomson, Mr. Levi (Qu'Appelle)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 177. Class representation and class legislation, 177; exchange rate and trade-Canadian Reconstruction Association, 178; proposed general election, 179
Budget, 2614. War revenue, 2614; luxury taxes-critics of Farmers' party, 2615; manufacturers and farmers, 2616; free list asked for by Farmers' party, 2617: manufacturers would benefit by tariff reduction, 2618
Federal Bureau of Education, 1386 Franchise Bill, 746
Advance polls, 1941, 2000-1 Aliens-certificate, 2091-3, 2099 Canada Temperance Act, 2053 Contributions, 1170,. 1196 Conveying voters-compulsory voting, 1064
Disqualification - charitable support, those receiving, 1817-8 Election expenses, 1154, 1930-1 Nomination-" Elector,"	how defined,
Recall, the, 2038-40, 2046 Returning officers, 1523 " Rural polling division," 1993 Voters' lists, 2434, 2441 Newspaper postage, 3756-7 Race track betting, 3432 Soldier Settlement, 1698 Cattle branding, 1700-1
Threat to Members, 1743
Three Rivers harbour, 3491
Thrift, 13. See also Government Annuities Need of, Speech from the Throne, reference to, 8
Ticket of Leave, 398, 2015
Timber Culling, 1877
Timiskaming, By-election, 1188, 2898
Timiskaming Lake
Wharves, 2187, 3493
Tobacco. See also Inland Revenue and Customs
Tobacco-Con.
Duties on, ques, 1114 Leaf, ques. 996
Tobin, Mr. Edmund William (Richmond and Wolfe)
Asbestos postmaster, ques. 320 Auditor General's report, publication in French, ques, 1627
Blondin, H'on. Mr., trips to Europe, 541
Canada Gazette, ques. 2179
Canadian Northern railway lands, ques.
1626, ques. 2008 Chinese in Canada, ques. 80S Connaught Rifle range, ques. 671 Dominion notes and gold standard, ques. 588
Duncan, Mr. Walter, ques. 2720 Finance Dept, employees, ques. 592 Imperial Press Conference, ques. 4:10' Japanese in Canada, ques. 80*5 Langton, Brig. Gen. J. G., ques., 541, ques. 811
Medical officers and nurses, ques. 341 Military Police,, ques. 804, ques. 805 Militia Dept., London employees, ques. 671 Obligations, Dominion, ques. 998 Parliament Buildings, 1422 Door contract, ques. 320 Post Office, ques. 3294 Ste. Anne soldiers' hospital, ques. 588 Special War Revenue Act Boots, 3565 Sporting goods, 3572
Tolmie, Hon. S. F.. (Minister of Agriculture) Agriculture, review of, 2366. Increased production, possibilities, 2366; keeping people on the farm, 2371; city man and farmer-home and foreign markets, 237:2.; Dept, of Agriculture and its branches, 2373; summary of policy, 2376; dairy cows, 2378; labour situation, 2379
Agricultural Gazette, 1085 Animal Contagious Diseases Bill, 1622, 1840
Cold storage, 2407-9
Commercial feeding stuffs, 3163-74, 3403-9 Dairy industry, 2403-6 Cow testing and milk testing, 2406 Election and introduction, 1, 47 Entomology, branch, 2402 Experimental farms, 1013, 2375, 2382-9, 2396-9, 2401, 2404, 2412 Ontario and, 1015 Flax industry, 696 Fox farming, 2409
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Volume I:: 



INDEX-1920 CV

[Stage Direction]
Tolmie, Hon. S. F.-Con.
Fruit Branch, 2410
Grading export butter and cheese, 602-4 Hewitt, the late Dr. Gordon, 2375-6 Inspection and Sale Act (Fruit packages) 1915-6, 2016-23 Apple barrels, 2022
Authority of Governor in Council, 2019 Nova Scotia fruit growers, 2017-8 Penalties, 2020
Size of packages, 2016-7, 3109 International Institute of Agriculture, 2411 Meat and canned food, 2411 Oleomargarine Bill, 1781, 1875-7, 1968-71 Potato Bag, 4562 Seed Branch, 2411 Tobacco growing, 2376, 2383 Victoria
By-election, 4584
Shipbuilding-work for returned soldiers, 4584
Wheat-work of Mr. S. Wheeler, 2388
Toronto	-
Exhibition Buildings, use of by militia, ques. 2009
Grain elevators, ques. 1897 Harbour improvements, ques. 2181 Income tax payments, ques. 592 Postal employees, threatened strike of. 3424
Postal station "A," 3155 Rifle range, 3728
Telephone rates appeal, ques. 2009 Union station, 3225-6
Toronto Eastern and Toronto Suburban Railways, ques. 1004, ques. 1510, ques. 2080
Tracadie Lazaretto, 3554 T rade
Austria and Germany, from, ques. 2416. ques. 3359
British Preference, 2079 Canadian Government Merchant Marine, 621
Extension of, 1880 Foreign, 2477, 2481 France with
Customs tariff convention, ques. 3684 Treaty, 3425, ques. 4323 Royal Commission on, ques. 4502 Russia, with, 4322 West Indies Conference, 3161 Greece and Roumania with, ques. 2414
Trahan, Mr. Arthur (Nicolet)
Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 87. Liberal party in the war,
Trahan, Mr. Arthur-Con.
Address-Con.
87; Quebec, then and now, 88; farmers' and conscription, 89; Quebec and its "hour"-Quebec and its tolerance, 90; League of Nations-Canadian autonomy, 91; Navy, Lord Jellicoe's visit -tax exempt bonds-Grand Trunk . Railway, 92; public ownership of railways1-Civil Service classification, 93; agriculture, Quebec people stay on the land-the disease of luxury, 94; radicalism and imperialism, 96 Bankruptcy Bill, 3256
Budget, 2857. Progressive weakness of national credit and its causes-gold reserve, 2857; inflation of credits-prices, 2859; exchange situation and remedies therefor, 2860; Canada and Japan, position as result of the war- deflation, 2861; increased production necessary, 2862; Mr. Fielding's amdt.- Supreme Council for Peace Conference and commercial freedom - Europe's debts to Canada, 2863 Civil Service holidays, 4067-62 Franchise Bill, 776
Corrupt practices-penalties, 1160-1 Election expenses, 1153-4 Polling divisions, 1518 Mackie, Mr. H. A., absence of, 2969 Water-powers surveys, 3292
Transcontinental Railway. See Canadian National
Translation Staff. See Criminal Code Amdt. (French version); House of Commons'
Trent Canal wharves, ques., 586, ques. 1369
Trust Companies Act Amdt. Bill. lr„ 855; 2r„ com., 3r., 1779
Turgeon, Mr. Onesiphore (Gloucester)
Abey, Mr. H. R„ ques. 1000 Address in reply to Governor General's Speech, 110. French language-New Brunswick cabinet representation. 110; representation and census, 111; proposed general election-land values taxation-exchange and currency, 112; franchise, 114 Biological Board, ques. 2572 Budget, 2649. Congratulations to Minister of Finance-Canada's soldiers, 2649; gross and net debt-new taxes, 2650; Mr. J. H. Sinclair's charges-free trade advocated-Henry George and land values taxation, 2651; Liberal party and free trade, 2652; Farmers' party
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CV1 COMMONS DEBATES

[Stage Direction]
Turgeon, Mr. Onesiphore-Con.
Budget-Con.
and Liberal party-need o£ increased production, 2653; Mr. Elkin and tariff; manufacturers would benefit by free trade, 2654; foreign trade, harbours and shipping, 2655; free trade and new sources of revenue, 2656; land values tax and its effects, 2657; repeal of land value taxes in Britain, 2659; "Scientific tariff," 2659 Canadian National Railways Deficits [DOT]- rates - management-representation of labour - subdivisions, 4202-8 Rates, 1443
Experimental Farms, 2382 Franchise Bill
Advance polls-fixed day of the week for elections, 1164, 1942 Election officers, fees, etc., 3S68 Proclamation-language of publication. 1080, 1828, 1833-7, 2267-70, 2310 Arndt. 1834, neg. 2311 Returning officers, 1530, 1581-2 French speeches in House, 701 Grand Trunk Railway, 1443 Indemnity of members, 4086 Pensions, 432, 3934
Quarantine-Tracadie and D'Arcy Island, 3554
Railway rates and Parliament, 4188 Returned soldiers, 531 Fishing' industry, and, 3934 Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 3993
Turk, Expulsion of from Europe, ques. 409
Tweedie, Mr. Thomas M. M. (West Calgary) Banff National park, 3770 Farmers' Co-operative Company, 3995-6 Franchise Bill
Aliens-certificate, 2236-7 Contributions, 1184 Recall, the, 2023, 2029, 2033, 2045-50 Returning officers, 1528, 1533 Voters' lists, 2431-8 Indemnity of members 4090 Militia-active militia, allowance, 3669-71 Opium and Drug Bill, 1645, 1647-9 Personal position, 2049
Retirement of members of public service, 3826-9
Scientific research, 2172 Shipbuilding, Credits Bill, 3996
Typhus Epidemic, 4545
Uniform, unlawful use of, 3417. See also Criminal Code
Union Government. See delates under Address; Budget
United Grain Growers, Limited, ques. 922
United Shoe Company case, 4479
United States, See also League of Nations Canadian ambassador to, announcement, 2177
Canadian representation in, 4533. See also Washington
Coast defence and, 4294, 4298 Export of screenings to. See Commercial Feeding Stuffs
Fisheries treaty with, ques. 1002, 1290, 3161
Immigrants from, ques. 1463 League of Nations, and, ques. 1118, 3977 Liquor shipments to, 2107, 2118 Shipping Board and Canadian Govt. Merchant Marine, ques. 2009 Soldiers and lands in Canada. See Dominion Lands Act Arndt.
Universal Military Training, 923
Unopposed Motions for Returns, 321, 415, 437, 544, 675, 923, 1004, 1123, 1362, 1464, 1628, 1900, 2015, 2313, 2417, 2722, 2896, 3079, 3294, 3490
Vancouver, B. C.
Dry dock, ques. 316, ques. 3620 Public building, 3156
Vandal, Mr. Calixte, ques. 1740
Vatican Mission, ques. 310
Venereal Diseases, 924, 927, 3556
Verville, Mr. Alphonse (St. Denis)
Board of Commerce, M. for abolition, 1143 Bonus and1 salaries, ques. 2079; ques. 2311 Eight-hour day, 381
Grand Trunk Railway and strike of 1910, 1564
House of Commons staff, ques. 590 Indemnity of members, 4072-3 Industrial disputes, 1981-2 Musical instruments, tax on, 3595-6 Parliament Buildings, 1424-7 Popular unrest, 1145 Price regulation, 1143 Profiteers-punishment, 1145
Vessel Rates, 1733, ques. 2414, ques. 2572, ques. 2777. See also Railway Act Amendment	*
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Volume I V:: 



INDEX-1920 CV11

[Stage Direction]
Vessels. See also Shipbuilding
Canadian National Railways, ques. 342 Charge on for sick mariners, 2253	.
Icebreakers, 230, 1598, 1620 Uniforms of men on, 1603 " Montcalm," 1606
Importation of material used in construction, ques. 1114
Names
" A. J. McKie," ques. 587, 903, 910 " Canada," ques. 1230 " Canadian Inventor," 3226, 3359 " Canadian Pioneer," 902 " Canadian Recruit," ques. 312, ques. 1199, 648
" Champlain," ques. 314, ques. 672, ques.
921, ques. 1121; ques. 3619 " J. D. Hazen," 2105 " Lady Evelyn," ques. 3619 " Lady Grey "-Uniforms for crew, ques. 1003, ques. 1361
" Montcalm," 1606. See also Icebreakers " Niobe " and " Rainbow." See Naval befence
" Simcoe," ques. 413 " Stanley," ques. 312 " Three Rivers," ques. 1897 " VoyageuV," ques. 2776 " 33," ques. 410
Under Railway Commission, ques. 2777. See also Railway Act Amdt.
Victoria
By-election, 4584 Dry dock, ques. 3619 Shipowners (Limited) 4583
Victoria and Carleton, by-election, 121
Victoriaville-Arthabaska Branch Line, ques. 4502
Victory Loans, ques. 803, 2520 Amount of, ques. 2008 Commissions, ques. 320
Committee, ques. 320, ques. 2008
Gold, payments in, 2647-8
Tax exemption, 92. See also Loans
Vien, Mr. Thomas (LotbiniOre)
Canadian Govt. Merchant Marine, with [DOT] holding of information, 1654-5, (1681-3 Canadian National Railways, 1457 Civil Service
Bonus, 1273, 1285 Holidays, 4062
Retirement of members, 4461
Vien, Mr. Thomas-Con.
Electricity, competition in sale of-taxation, 3116
Food and Drugs Bill, 1256, 1266-7 Franchise Bill
Disqualification, charitable aid, those receiving, 1815-8
Proclamation, language of publication. 2286-96
Grand Trunk Railway, 1454-9 Income tax, 3120 Charities, 3246 Stock dividends, 3239-40 Maple products, 1255-6 Opium and Drug Bill, 1703-6 Pilotage, 1839
Post Office salaries, 4527-9 Private Bills-insurance and loan, 3860 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3210-1, 3213-4
Shipbuilding Credits Bill, 4139 Soldier settlement
Defaults, 3223	-
Staff, 3220-1
Steel and shipping merger, 1953-6 Vimy Battlefield, ques. 1358, 1460 Vladivostok, Japanese occupation of, 1945 Vouchers, Govt, loss of at sea, ques. 3489 Wainwright, Herd of Buffalo, 3283 War
Army boots and shoes, ques. 506 Battlefields Memorial, 1460, 1788, 2078, 2177 Bonus to soldiers, 1082 Canada's record, 46 Canadian Expenditionary Force
Burke, Rev. A. E„ Chaplain, ques. 2079 Members, ques. 315
Officers and men stationed in Canada, ques. 1200
Provinces, enlistments by, ques. 408' Sterling, payments in, ques. 2008* Vouchers, Government, loss of at sea, ques. 3i4'8*9
Canteen profits, 709, ques. 800 Defaulters, Chicoutimi, ques. 409 Equipment, guns, 3661-2 Fishermen, and, 845 Indemnity
Allies conference at Ostend, 2476, 2574 Canada's share, 1084
Germany, payments, ques. 310, ques. 1468 K'inmel camp riots, 709 Medals, ques. 1003, 1046, ques. 1120'
Medical officers and nurses, ques. 341
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INDEX-1920

[Stage Direction]
cix
White, Mr. W. H.-Con.
Canadian National Railways Brudenheim branch, 871-2, 885, 4250 Equipment, 4250 Canadian Wheat Board, 4130 Car shortage, 882-3 Franchise Bill, 765
Advance polls, 1934, 3875-6 Name not on list-oaths, 3877 Polls, hours to be open, 1920-1 Recall, the, 2060-1 Horse racing 3428
Naturalization, enemy alien origin, 3921-2 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 3199-3200 Pensions, 3202
Saskatchewan and	Manitoba	penitentiaries, ques. 2574 Soldier Settlement, 21312-3 Spirit River wheat shipments, 566Wigmore, Mr. Rupert W. (St. John City and Counties of St. John and Albert) Freight to Canada	from	United	States
prepaid, 1893
Opium and Drug Bill, 1753, 1756-8 St. John dry dock, 4573 St. John harbour-pilots, 2118 St. John river-wharves, 2123 St. John-Digby service, 4285-6
Will iams Head quarantine, 3156
Wilson, Mr. J. R. (Saskatoon)
Agriculture, 2387 Canadian Wheat Board, 4354 Civil Service bonus-letter carriers, 1276 Coal Operations director, 3180 Commercial Feeding Stuffs, 3165-6 Franchise Bill-conveying voters, 106® Income tax, charities, 3313 Newsprint, 2967
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Volume III:: 2003-3078
4019-4591