baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-585352-A (GB)
Title: Production of motor fuel and aromatic hydrocarbons from fischer synthesised hydrocarbon oils
IPC: C10L1/06
Filed: 1943-09-09
Abstract: Hydrocarbons synthesized from CO and H2 are fractionated into two fractions of naphtha and gas oil boiling range respectively, the former is catalytically hydroformed, and the latter catalytically cracked, the hydroformed product is fractionated into a light, a heavy, and an intermediate aromatic-rich fraction, the cracked product is fractionated to separate a fraction of gasoline boiling range which is further separated into a light, a heavy and an intermediate aromatic-rich fraction, aromatic hydrocarbons are solvent extracted from one or both the intermediate fractions, and the light and heavy fractions are blended to form a gasoline.  A Fischer synthetic hydrocarbon is separated into 123-424 and 440-650 DEG  F. fractions.  The former is reacted at 800-1000 DEG  F. and 100-400 p.s.i. in the presence of hydrogen, and chromia or molybdena or other Group 6 oxide or mixture of sulphides.  The product is fractionated to give a 210-250 DEG  F. cut containing toluene and paraffins, an overhead of boiling range 130-210 DEG  F., and a bottom cut, the two latter being mixed for gasoline blending.  The intermediate cut is extracted below 0 DEG  C. with SO2 and a paraffinic solvent such as pentane to give an extract phase, which is stripped of solvent, and worked up to recover pure toluene, and a raffinate phase, which is treated to recover solvent and paraffins which are blended with gasoline or fed to the hydroforming or cracking stages.  The original 440-650 DEG  F. is cracked at, say, 825-925 DEG  F. with acid treated clay or silicaalumina or silica-magnesia, the products being separated into gases which may be alkylated, unconverted oil, and a 100-400 DEG  F. fraction which is further fractionated to yield a 210-250 DEG  F. cut, which is worked up to toluene or returned for cracking or hydroforming, and light and heavy fractions used for gasoline blending.  Xylenes produced in the reforming may be converted with benzene and aluminium chloride to toluene.  Fluidized catalysts may be used in the reforming and cracking zones.
Patent GB-423643-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to means for the delivery and measurement of fluids
IPC: G01F3/20
Filed: 1934-05-17
Abstract: 423,643. Fuel pumps. SMITH, A. RUSSELL-, 75, Millbrook Road, and HORLEY, R. E., 19, Howard Road, both in Southampton. May 17, 1934, No. 14890. [Class 102 (i)] A carburetter or other pump is driven through a clutch which is operated by an expansible chamber exposed to the discharge pressure. The bellows pump 1 is operated by a cam 8 on a spindle 27 which is driven through gearing 28, 29, 30, 14 from a spindle 15 through a clutch 16. The pressure of the clutch spring can be adjusted by means of a nut 26. The clutch is operated by a fork on a spindle 18, a lever 20 on which is engaged by a push rod 32 operated through a lever by the rod 21 of an expansible chamber 2 exposed to the discharge pressure. The roller 38 engaging the cam 8 is carried by a ring 40 which surrounds the reduced forked end of the pump rod 5, the end being expanded by a screw 39. Recording mechanism is operated by a spindle 34 driven by the cam through gearing 35. The gear-wheel 14 is loose on the spindle 27 and is coupled thereto by a hand-wheel 42 splined on the spindle. To operate the pump by hand the wheel 42 is withdrawn from engagement with the wheel 14 and rotated. In a modification the chambers 1 and 2 are arranged side by side and the pump is operated by an axiallyacting cam.
Patent GB-544353-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to control arrangements for centrifugal clutches and other rotating mechanism
IPC: F16D43/28
Filed: 1940-10-04
Abstract: 544,353. Friction clutches. BOARDMAN, J., and, MORLEY, F. W. W. Oct. 4, 1940, No. 14898. [Class 80 (ii)] Consists in means for applying centrifugal force to a whirling part, comprising a container connected thereto or carried thereby and means for applying liquid to the container whereby the mass of liquid exerts the desired force. As applied to a friction clutch, a driving member 15 of cylindrical box-like form is keyed to a sleeve 13 mounted on a bearing 12 carried by a stub axle 11 the sleeve being also supported in the casing 10 by a ball bearing 14. The member 15 has teeth 16 to receive a drive and carries a friction plate 17 to coact with a driven plate 18 keyed to a hollow shaft 22. A second plate member 19 is splined at 20 to the member 15 and carries a friction plate 21 between which and the plate 17 the driven plate 18 is adapted to be gripped. The :grip is produced by levers 25 pivoted at 27, each lever being formed at one end with a cam surface 26 and, at the other end, as a cup or container 28 with its open end directed inwardly, the levers being so balanced that when the container is empty the action of centrifugal force on the lever rocks it to release the clutch. When, however, the container has liquid therein, centrifugal force rocks the lever in the, opposite direction and the clutch is engaged. Liquid is supplied to the containers through passages 34, 32 and a number of pipes 30. rotating with the driving member. Each pipe enters its container to nearly the whole depth thereof and is of such diameter as nearly to fill the container. Each container has a leak hole 36 through which the liquid may escape to disengage the clutch. The flow of oil, which may be under pressure, to the containers is controlled by a valve 35. Owing to the small quantity of oil in each container, the disengagement of the clutch is effected rapidly. Specification 530.002 is referred to.
Patent GB-1106293-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical supply systems
Inventor: GOODWIN HAROLD
IPC: H01F27/16
Filed: 1964-04-11
Abstract: 1,106,293. Cooling transformers. LONDON TRANSFORMER PRODUCTS Ltd. 16 June, 1965 [11 April, 1964], No. 15053/64. Heading F4U. An electrical supply system e.g. for a housing estate comprises a number of transformers each having a water-containing cooling space connected in series with the cooling spaces of other transformers by water carrying pipes disposed in the ground so that the heat is transferred to the ground. The transformers as well as the pipes may be disposed below ground level, and the water may be pumped through a closed circuit which includes a storage tank. Alternatively the water may run by gravity to waste through a thermostatically operated cock. Protective devices may be fitted to prevent excessive rise in temperature.
Patent GB-263402-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of an aluminium solder
IPC: B23K35/28
Filed: 1926-06-15
Abstract: 263,402. Croy, O. R. June 15, 1926. Alloys.-An aluminium solder is made by adding aluminium in the form of pieces, grains, or powder to a molten mixture of tin and zinc, preferably in the presence of carbon and salammoniac. 0.1-5 per cent of aluminium may be added to a molten mixture of 25-70 per cent of tin and 75-20 per cent of zinc; a particular example contains 26 per cent of tin, 70 per cent of zinc, and 4 per cent of aluminium.
Patent GB-1069131-A (GB)
Title: Synchronizing arrangements for television apparatus
Inventor: BALDWIN JOHN LEWIS EDWIN
IPC: H04N5/073
Filed: 1964-04-13
Abstract: 1,069,131. Automatic phase control systems; transistor circuits. RANK-BUSH MURPHY Ltd. April 13, 1965 [April 13, 1964], No. 15101/64. Headings H3A and H3T. To facilitate the operation of a signal mixer 2, Fig. 1, field synchronizing signals for a television signal source 4, which may be a magnetic tape playback apparatus, are phaselocked to those from a signal source 1. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 the odd numbered field pulses 101, 103 (waveform A, Fig. 2, not shown) from source 1 trigger a generator 6 which produces a sawtooth wave having a slow rise between successive pulses (waveform B, Fig. 2). The even field pulses 102 produce a waveform C having a rapid rise for the duration of each pulse 102. The two waveforms B and C are sampled by a sampling pulse (waveform E) produced by an even field pulse from source 4; at phase lock this is coincident with pulse 102, and the sampled waveforms are combined to control the synch generator 5 for source 4. In a modification, Fig. 3 (not shown), waveforms B and C are produced by separate generators (6 and 61) and are sampled separately to produce two output signals which are fed to unit 5. In a further modification, Fig. 5 (not shown), the outputs of the two generators are combined to produce a generally sawtooth waveform having a portion of increased slope in the centre of the slowly rising portion (waveform G, Fig. 6, not shown). This waveform may be produced by a single generator, Fig. 8 (not shown), and is sampled by the sampling pulse. Transistor circuits.-A negative input pulse at terminal 30, Fig. 9, is differentiated by 31 and 32 and used to trigger a blocking oscillator 36. The output pulse from 36 renders conductive a diode bridge 46 normally cut-off by the charge on capacitor 48, and the bridge enables a capacitor 51 to discharge to the potential of capacitor 49. The capacitor 51 then charges through a constant current NPN transistor 52. Half-way through the charging cycle an input pulse at terminal 60 triggers a similar blocking oscillator 66 the output of which increases the charging current for the duration of this output. The voltage across capacitor 51 is fed to an emitter follower 57 and is in the form of a sawtooth having a portion of increased slope in the centre of the slowly rising portion, waveform G (Figs. 6 and 7, not shown).
Patent GB-582908-A (GB)
Title: Process for the clarification of glycerol liquors obtained by the fermentation of natural occurring carbo-hydrates such as molasses
IPC: C12P7/20
Filed: 1944-08-09
Abstract: Glycerol liquors produced by the fermentation of natural occurring carbohydrates such as molasses are purified by the following steps in any order:-treating the liquor with a water-soluble sulphide to precipitate iron as iron sulphide, dialyzing the liquor to remove colloids &c., treating the liquor with a water-soluble salt of an alkaline earth metal to precipitate sulphates, treating the liquor with a compound containing an anion capable of forming insoluble alkaline earth metal compounds to precipitate alkaline earth metals therefrom, and decolourizing the liquor with an absorbent material. The purification not only frees the liquors from colloids as is usual in the art, but also from iron, sulphates, and alkaline earth metal salts, to give clear and colourless glycerol solutions.  The liquors are preferably preliminarily treated to remove volatiles such as alcohol, acetone, acetic acid &c. such as by distillation of the acidified liquors.  The latter are then neutralized and concentrated and are then ready for the purification steps above. The water-soluble sulphides specified for the removal of iron comprise NH4, Na, K, Ca and Sr sulphides and also H2S. The dialysis membrane may comprise parchment paper or a hydrophilic pellicle such as regenerated cellulose, preferably in tubular form; the precipitated iron sulphide is also retained by the membrane.  The water-soluble salts of alkaline earth metals to precipitate the sulphates are specified as Ca, Ba and Sr chlorides, acetates and nitrates.  Before filtering and after acidifying, the compounds to precipitate the alkaline earth metals are then added and these are specified as NH4, K, Na, and Li carbonates, oxalates, tartrates, and orthophosphates. Filtration is then performed and the filtrate treated with absorbent such as activated carbon, or silica gel, preferably at an elevated temperature.  The solution is finally neutralized with dilute alkali and concentrated under vacuum.
Patent GB-687590-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to buildings
IPC: E04B1/16
Filed: 1950-06-16
Abstract: 687,590. Metal sheets for building; reinforced concrete walls. MUSSETT, M. R., and MUSSETT, E. M. June 14, 1951 [June 16, 1950], No. 15140/50. Drawings to Specification. Classes 20(ii) and 20(iv) Metal &c. sheets having their edges shaped to interlock and provide tubes through which securing rods are passed, as described for constructing buildings in Specification 388,301, are provided with perforations or pressed-up tongues for keying a coating of concrete, plaster &c. 'The coating may cover both sides. Specifications 662,629, 662,630 and 669,712 also are referred to.
Patent GB-963057-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to plugs for pipes and locking means therefor
Inventor: GARDINER TERANCE EDWARD GOUVEN
IPC: F16J13/02
Filed: 1959-05-04
Abstract: 963,057. Reactors. BRISTOL AEROJET Ltd. July 27, 1960 [May 4, 1959], No. 15275/59. Heading G6C. [Also in Division F2] A sealing arrangement, for a plug for a reactor standpipe which comprises an inner part 10 seated in the standpipe and an outer part 13 locked to the standpipe, has a bellows 16 sealed at one end to the part 10 and at the other by pins 22 and tube 21 to the part 13, a second bellows 25 sealed at one end to the part 13 and at the other by sleeve 29 to the part 10, and a third bellows 32 sealed between the tube 21 and sleeve 29. The interior of each bellows is open to the pressure inside the standpipe, providing a net downward force on the part 10; alternatively the third bellows may be open not to the standpipe pressure but to the pressure outside the standpipe. Specification 921,770 is referred to.
Patent GB-544363-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric welding apparatus
IPC: B23K11/31
Filed: 1940-10-16
Abstract: 544,363. Making bombs &c. ROBERTS, E. H. Oct. 16, 1940, No. 15332. [Classes 83 (ii) and 83 (iv)] Welding.-In electrically welding three elements simultaneously to a given part, particularly for welding the vanes to the tail units of bombs, three electrodes connected to the respective phases of a three phase alternating current source are applied to the respective elements so'that the current flows in series between the said electrodes through the given part itself. Three vane elements 8 having bases formed with welding projections 8a, Fig. 4, are first assembled on the tube 10 by placing the tube on the shouldered base 9c of a jig provided with leaf springs 9b the vanes being then inserted between the springs and the tube. The ends of adjoining vanes are then temporarily held by spring clips I and the whole assembly is removed from the jig and placed on the mandrel 3 of the welding machine. The welding machine is provided with three transformers 2 the primaries of which are connected across the phases of a three phase alternating current and the secondaries of which are delta connected. The limbs of the secondaries are connected to each other at one end by copper bands 2c and the other ends are connected to the electrodes 1. Alternatively the secondaries as well as the primaries could be star connected. The electrodes, the ends of which are shaped in conformity with the tube, are moved radially simultaneously by fluid pressure against the action of springs 12. The current is then switched on and the circuit completed through the tube. The welding circuit may be provided with a timing control so as to cut off the current automatically. The electrodes may cover the whole of the welding area of the elements or may cover only a number of the spots on each element in which case welding is completed in a number of operations, the structure being moved axially between each operation.
Patent GB-386212-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to means for feeding cane to milling apparatus
IPC: C13B10/06
Filed: 1932-05-30
Abstract: 386,212. Trimming cane for milling. MACHINEFABRIEK GEB. STORK & CO. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP, Hengelo, Holland. May 30, 1932, No. 15336. Convention date, April 18. [Class 5 (i).] To allow for wear of the knives on a rotary cutter 5 that slices and levels sugar cane while travelling on a carrier to a milling plant the portion of the race for the carrier web immediately below the cutter is made adjustable. The carrier comprises slats 1 supported by roller chains 2 which run on races 3 in the form of I-beams. The cutter 5 is arranged near the lower end of an inclined part of the carrier and the lower portion of the race at this inclined part is secured to the next portion by a hinge 7. Similarly the adjacent portion 8 of the horizontal race is attached by a hinge 9 to the preceding part. Plates 10 secured on each side of the web of one race embrace the corresponding web of the other. The part of the carrier between the hinges is slung on a rod 11 carried by vertical bolts 12 that may be adjusted to raise the carrier so that the material thereon is acted upon suitably by the cutter 5.
Patent GB-645480-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to method and apparatus for hot forging an article
IPC: B21K7/00
Filed: 1947-06-11
Abstract: 645,480. Perforating by forging; forging wheels. NATIONAL MACHINERY CO. June 11, 1947, No. 15372. Convention date, June 26, 1946. [Class 83 (iv)] Dies ; punches.-In a method of hot forging an article such as a vehicle hub one end of a blank is confined in a die and the other end is guided, while leaving an intermediate portion unconfined about its circumference, and the blank is then pierced from its guided end to cause metal to gather radially outwardly at said unconfined intermediate portion, a substantial portion of which is unconfined through. out the piercing step. A length of stock is placed between die halves D<SP>1</SP> and deformed by the nose 3 and necked by a cutting and gripping flange 5, the neck 7 being of non-circular section. A piercing tool T<SP>1</SP> displaces metal into a pocket 2, leaving a clearance space 13 so that the die does not conduct a great amount of heat away from the blank. The blank is then positioned between die halves D<SP>2</SP>, Fig. 4, being turned 90 degrees from its previous position to be further necked by the flange 18 and further pierced by the punch 15. The tool T<SP>2</SP> forces out the metal adjacent the portion 12 of the blank in Fig. 3 to form a flange 19. The blank O<SP>2</SP> is then again turned 90 degrees and placed in a third set of dies, Fig. 5 (not shown), where a tool forms a finished flange, a punch extends still further into the blank, and the neck is further reduced to what may be a circular section. The bore of the die at this stage is cylindrical instead of conical as at 17a in Fig. 4 to provide for the flow of the metal displaced by the punch. The blank is then positioned between dies D<SP>4</SP>, Fig. 8, having sliding portions 28 retained by flanges against which they are urged by springs, to keep the flange straightening face 36 spaced from the flange 26, for example by 0.040 inch. As a tool T<SP>4</SP> descends it forms an enlarged diameter portion 45 and towards the end of its stroke the punch end 41 punches out the slug of stock 46. During the last part of the forging stroke the shoulder 43 of the tool T<SP>4</SP> forces the die parts 28 downwards and the face 36 is pressed against the flange 26 to prevent distortion.
Patent GB-476299-A (GB)
Title: An improved device for utilising invisible rays to produce visible images of objects
IPC: H04N5/33
Filed: 1936-06-02
Abstract: 476,299. Viewing objects by infrared rays. THORNTON, A. A. (Soc. Anon. d'Etudes des Brevets et Procedes Coanda- Soc. Coanda) June 2, 1936, No. 15383. [Class 40 (iii)] A device for utilizing infra-red rays to produce a visible image of an object comprises a screen c composed of a plurality of cells c<1> sensitive to infra-red radiation, and on which screen an image of the object is projected by the rays, this screen being associated with a second one, i, behind which is located a plurality of light valves j corresponding in number and location to the cells c<1> and controlling the passage of light from a lamp h. Each light valve is controlled by a relay k connected to the corresponding cell c<1>, so that each element of the screen i is illuminated proportionally to the intensity of the rays falling on the corresponding element of the screen c, and an image of the object a is thus produced on the screen i. This image may be projected, with reduction, on to a further screen i<1> or on to a photographic surface. The intensity of light from the lamp h may be varied inversely as that of the infra-red radiation by means of a cell e.
Patent GB-363954-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of coating metals
IPC: C23C10/12
Filed: 1931-05-26
Abstract: A protective coating of chromium is formed on a foundation metal by heating the metal in the presence of, but out of contact with, metallic chromium, the metals being contained in a porous receptacle which is packed in an inert medium containing a small amount of a carrier, i.e. a substance which will dissociate on heating with the formation of an acid capable of uniting with the chromium.  The carrier, which may be ammonium chloride, preferably constitutes about 2 per cent by weight of the inert material.  For example, an iron article may be placed together with but out of contact with a small amount of metallic chromium in an alundum tube which is plugged at its open ends with asbestos paper and is placed in an iron container, the space between being packed with inert material, e.g. aluminium oxide, containing a small amount of ammonium chloride.  Some chromium, e.g. 50 per cent by weight, may be mixed with the inert material.  The iron container is then placed in a furnace and heated to about 1000 DEG  C. in air or inert or reducing gas for about 2 hours.  It is stated that the hydrochloric acid gas obtained from the dissociation of the carrier probably combines with the chromium forming a chloride which is then decomposed by the heated foundation metal, chromium being deposited.
Patent GB-785336-A (GB)
Title: Method of preventing the cracking of continuous-cast bars of aluminium-base alloys
IPC: C22C21/00
Filed: 1955-05-27
Abstract: Aluminium-base alloys which tend to form stress cracks during continuous casting are prevented from forming such cracks by incorporation in the alloys of 0.01-0.03 per cent Ti with or without 0.0025-0.01 per cent B.  In an example 0.03 per cent Ti and 0.01 per cent B are added to an alloy containing 1.7 per cent Cu, 2.8 per cent Mg. 5.7 per cent Zn, 0.2 per cent Cr and the remainder Al.
Patent GB-110788-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the Method of and Means for "Backing Off" the Teeth of Milling Cutters.
Inventor: RICHARDS GEORGE
IPC: B23C3/10
Filed: 1916-10-30
Abstract: 110,788. Richards, G., and Beaumont, W. W. Oct. 30, 1916. Shaping curved surfaces.-The teeth of milling- cutters, particularly those for hobbing screwthreads as described in Specification 14571/15, are backed off by a shaping-machine The milling or hob cutter D is mounted on a spindle in bearings on a slide traversed, as the spindle is intermittently rotated, by a screw F of the same pitch as the hob engaging a fired nut G. Indexing is effected by a pawl lever P oscillated by a cam on the shaft O and engaging a broadfaced ratchet-wheel E with teeth inclined at the same angle as the flutes of the hob. The cutter L is carried by a slide K having a fine adjustment at M' and mounted on a slide or lever J reciprocated by a cam N<2> giving a constant cutting speed. A screw N' provides adjustment for the position of the stroke. The line of cut is arranged with respect to the hob as shown in Fig. 5. Tools.-The tool L is provided with a V-notch to form teeth with properly finished apexes.