baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-WO2018070094-A1 (JP)
Title: 表示装置
IPC: G02B27/02
Filed: 2017-08-02
Abstract: 本発明の目的は、観察者が観察する虚像に高いコントラストを与えることができ、しかも、使用する観察者が、外部環境を確実に認識しつつ、現実の環境において安全に行動し得る構成、構造を有する表示装置を提供することにある。本発明の表示装置は、観察者の頭部に装着されるフレーム、フレームに取り付けられた画像表示装置、及び、調光装置（７００）を備えており、画像表示装置は、画像形成装置、及び、虚像が形成される虚像形成領域（７０１）を有する光学装置（１２０）を備えており、光学装置（１２０）は調光装置（７００）の少なくとも一部分と重なっており、調光装置（７００）の動作時、例えば、虚像形成領域対向領域（７０１）の上方領域及び外側領域から虚像形成領域対向領域の中央部に向かって調光装置の遮光率が減少する。
Patent JP-WO2018079556-A1 (JP)
Title: ハロイサイト粉末およびハロイサイト粉末の製造方法
IPC: B01J20/28
Filed: 2017-10-24
Abstract: 従来にはない新規な顆粒構造を有するハロイサイト粉末およびその製造方法を提供する。上記ハロイサイト粉末は、ハロイサイトナノチューブを含むハロイサイトが集合してなる顆粒を含む粉末であって、上記顆粒が、上記ハロイサイトナノチューブのチューブ孔に由来する第１の細孔と、上記第１の細孔とは異なる第２の細孔とを有する。
Patent JP-WO2018087827-A1 (JP)
Title: 燃料噴射弁および噴射流量の調整方法
IPC: F02M61/18
Filed: 2016-11-09
Abstract: この発明は、異なる噴射流量の仕様に対して溝形状を共通化することで製造コストの低減を図ると共に、燃料のデッドボリュームの発生を抑制して、噴射初期から燃料噴霧の微粒化を促進できる燃料噴射弁および噴射流量の調整方法を得る。   この発明に係る燃料噴射弁は、噴孔プレートの上面に形成された複数の旋回室は、旋回部が燃料導入部を介して弁座開口部に連通している第１旋回室と、上記旋回部が上記弁座開口部に連通していない第２旋回室と、からなり、上記第１旋回室の上記旋回部には、燃料を噴射するための噴孔が形成されている。
Patent JP-WO2018092762-A1 (JP)
Title: 導電性ペースト、導電性膜、導電性膜の製造方法、導電性微細配線、導電性微細配線の製造方法。
IPC: H01B5/14
Filed: 2017-11-14
Abstract: 【課題】レーザーエッチング性に優れる微細配線の形成に有用な導電性膜を実現する導電性ペーストを提供する。【解決手段】中心径Ｄ５０が０．５μm以上、５μｍ以下であり、好ましくはタップ密度が2.0g/cm3以上の銀粉、数平均分子量が３，０００〜１００，０００、酸価が２０〜５００ｅｑ．／１０6のフェノキシ樹脂を６０重量％以上含有するバインダ樹脂、溶剤、好ましくは２５℃以上にて固体の分散剤を混合分散後に濾過し、ＩＳＯ 1524:2013に規定されるＧｒｉｎｄ Ｇａｇｅにより得られる分散度が１０μｍ以下である導電ペーストを得る。得られた導電ペーストを無機薄膜が形成された機材に塗布乾燥硬化し、レーザーエッチングにより微細配線を得る。【選択図】 なし
Patent JP-WO2018122929-A1 (JP)
Title: 溶接補修方法及び容器
IPC: B23K31/00
Filed: 2016-12-26
Abstract: 第一シートメタル（１）のエッジを第二シートメタル（２）のエッジに対して溶接することにより溶接継手（３）を形成する。第一シートメタル（１）と第二シートメタル（２）との間の溶接継手（３）の欠陥を含む領域に対して、溶加材を用いた溶接を行うことにより補修溶接ビード部（６）を形成する。第一シートメタル（１）の表面と第二シートメタルの表面（２）との少なくとも一方の表面に対して肉盛り溶接を行うことにより、補修溶接ビード部（６）に接することなく補修溶接ビード部（６）に隣り合う肉盛りビード部（９）を形成する。溶接継手（３）の長手方向に沿う方向の肉盛りビード部（９）の長さは、溶接継手３の長手方向に沿う方向の補修溶接ビード部（６）の長さより長い。
Patent JP-WO2018131607-A1 (JP)
Title: シリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン焼成物、リチウムイオン電池用負極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用負極、及びリチウムイオン電池
IPC: C01B33/113
Filed: 2018-01-10
Abstract: 一般式 ＳｉＯｘＨｙ（０．０１＜ｘ≦０．３、０＜ｙ＜０．３５）で表わされ、Ｓｉ−Ｈ結合を有する、シリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン焼成物であり、該シリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン焼成物は、（Ａ）体積基準平均粒径が１０ｎｍを超え５００ｎｍ未満であり、かつ、粒径が１０００ｎｍ以上の粒子を含まないシリコンナノ粒子を６５．０重量％超含み、（Ｂ）前記シリコンナノ粒子を被覆し、前記シリコンナノ粒子の表面に化学的に結合する水素ポリシルセスキオキサン由来のケイ素酸化物構造を含むことを特徴とするシリコンナノ粒子含有水素ポリシルセスキオキサン焼成物である。
Patent JP-WO2020136778-A1 (JP)
Title: 書類分類システム、書類分類装置、書類分類方法、書類分類プログラム
IPC: G06K9/20
Filed: 2018-12-26
Abstract: 書類分類システム１は、書類の画像データを取得する分類前画像ＤＢ２０と、書類の画像データの文字以外の要素から書類の種類を分類する第１分類部３０と、第１分類部による分類の信頼度である第１信頼度Ｒ１に応じて第１分類部３０による分類を確定するか否かの判定を行う第１判定部３１と、第１判定部３１により分類が確定されなかった画像データについて、当該画像データ内の文字を認識して認識した文字から書類の種類を分類する第２分類部３２と、を備える。
Patent WO-2019142745-A1 (WO)
Inventor: NAKAMURA TATSUYA
IPC: H01R13/24
Filed: 2019-01-11
Abstract: The present invention provides a contact with low impedance even in a high frequency band. This contact (1) comprises: a base part (3); a contact part (5); and a spring part (7). The spring part (7) is in a state biasing the contact part (5) in the x axis positive direction and the z axis positive direction by doing elastic deformation. The contact part (5) comprises a sliding part (23A) facing the x axis positive direction. The base part (3) comprises a part to be slided (14) facing the x axis negative direction. By the contact part (5) being biased in the x axis positive direction by the spring part (7), the sliding part (23A) is in a state in pressure contact on the part to be slided (14). The contact part (5) is configured to be able to slide in the z axis direction relative to the base part (3), with the state of the sliding part (23A) in pressure contact with the part to be slided (14) kept as is.
Patent WO-2020148838-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MITANI SHOHEI
IPC: G05B23/02
Filed: 2019-01-16
Abstract: 推定装置１は、コンポーネント２１が出力する変数を入力とし、正常時において、所定時間後に、変数の値及び相関関係が取り得る値の範囲を表す相関指標情報を推定する、相関指標推定部２と、相関指標情報を用いて異常度を算出する、異常度算出部３と、コンポーネント２１が出力する変数に異常が伝播する指標を表す因果効果を推定する、因果効果推定部４とを有する。
Patent WO-2020152836-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MORI TATSUYA
IPC: G01B7/30
Filed: 2019-01-25
Abstract: Provided is an angle detection device that is capable of accurately calculating a rotation angle even with a redundant resolver system in which magnetic interference between subsystems occurs, while removing the influence of the magnetic interference, without having to perform real-time synchronization control between the subsystems. Provided is an angle detection device provided with: a resolver (1) having a winding of a first subsystem and a winding of a second subsystem, in which magnetic interference occurs between these subsystems; a removal processing unit (53A) of the first subsystem, which performs second-period-component removal processing for removing a second-period component of the second subsystem from a detected value of a winding output signal of the first subsystem; and an angle calculation unit (54A) of the first subsystem, which calculates a first angle (θ1) of a rotor on the basis of a detected value of the winding output signal of the first subsystem after the second-period-component removal processing.
Patent WO-2019176339-A1 (WO)
Title: Protective film material for biosensor probe
Inventor: ENDOH TAKASHI
IPC: A61B5/1486
Filed: 2019-01-28
Abstract: The present invention uses, as a membrane structure useful for a probe of an embedded biosensor, a membrane structure provided with a detection layer including an analyte-responsive enzyme, and a protective film formed on the detection layer, the protective film including a crosslinking agent, poly(styrene ran-4-vinylpyridine-ran-propylene glycol methacrylate), and either poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(C 1-15  alkyl methacrylate) or poly(4-vinylpyridine-ran-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).
Patent WO-2019187630-A1 (WO)
Title: Valve device
Inventor: OZATO Takashi
IPC: F16K31/44
Filed: 2019-02-04
Abstract: A valve device 100 is provided with a flow rate adjustment section 5 and a flow path switching section 7. The flow rate adjustment section 5 has a flow adjustment valve section 52 which changes the rate of flow flowing to a water discharge path 13, and a flow adjustment operation section 53 which can move the flow adjustment valve section 52. The flow path switching section 7 has a switching valve section 71 which switches between flow paths, and a flow path switching operation section 70 which can move the switching valve section 71. In the valve device 100, one of the flow adjustment operation section 53 and the flow path switching operation section 70 is subjected to push operation, and the other is subjected to pull operation.
Patent WO-2019151535-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for selectively binding target molecule to polymer molded body and method for producing target molecule-bound polymer molded body using same
Inventor: TAKAMORI KIYOTO
IPC: C08J7/00
Filed: 2019-02-05
Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for modifying a polymer molded body and binding a target molecule thereto. This method for selectively binding a target molecule to a polymer molded body is characterized by comprising a pre-treatment step of irradiating a selected surface of the polymer molded body with light in the presence of compound radicals and a binding step of reacting the target molecule with the pre-treated polymer molded body to bind the target molecule to the selected surface of the polymer molded body, and in that the compound radicals are radicals containing a Group 17 element and one element selected from the group consisting of Group 15 elements and Group 16 elements.
Patent WO-2019159894-A1 (WO)
Title: Authentication approval information integration device and authentication approval information integration method
Inventor: TAKASE TAKUMA
IPC: G06F21/44
Filed: 2019-02-12
Abstract: According to the present invention, an application authentication/approval information of an API base (2) and an API-Key given to the application are associated with each other and stored in an authentication approval information storage unit (12), and when an authentication approval information integration system (1) receives an API request including the given API-Key, a request processing unit (13) refers to the authentication approval information storage unit (12), converts the API-Key included in the API request into the application authentication/approval information of the API base (2) that is a transmission destination of the API request, and then transmits the converted information to the API base (2).
Patent WO-2019167636-A1 (WO)
Inventor: NAKAYAMA Kyohei
IPC: G01F13/00
Filed: 2019-02-14
Abstract: A drip state detecting device (10) is a device for detecting the state of drip tube (50) which drips droplets from a lower end (55a) of a nozzle (55), and is provided with an image capturing unit (22) which captures images of a droplet growing at the lower end (55a) of the nozzle (55), until the droplet drips from the lower end (55a) of the nozzle (55), and a state detecting unit (203) which detects the state of the drip tube (50) on the basis of image data obtained by means of the image capture by the image capturing unit (22), wherein the state detecting device (203) calculates the direction of movement of the droplet on the basis of at least three sets of image data obtained by means of the image capture by the image capturing unit (22) at at least three mutually different timings during the growth of the droplet, and detects the state of the drip tube (50) on the basis of the direction of movement.
Patent WO-2020031402-A1 (WO)
Inventor: OTSUKA KOHEI
IPC: H01H50/38
Filed: 2019-02-19
Abstract: A first junction point position (P1) between a first fixed junction point (11) and a first movable junction point (13) is positioned between an arc-extinguishing magnet (51) and a contact-piece-holding part (8) in the longitudinal direction of a movable contact piece (7). A scrap adsorption part (53) is disposed so that the first junction point position (P1) does not overlap a region (A1) between the scrap adsorption part (53) and the contact-piece-holding part (8). The magnetism that the scrap adhesion part (53) exerts on the contact-piece-holding part (8) is greater than the magnetism that the arc-extinguishing magnet (51) exerts on the contact-piece-holding part (8).
Patent WO-2019168158-A1 (WO)
Title: 磁性コアとその製造方法、およびコイル部品
Inventor: NAKAHATA ISAO
IPC: H01F27/25
Filed: 2019-03-01
Abstract: 【課題】生産性に優れ、安定した磁気特性を有し、かつ取り扱いが容易な磁性コアを提供する。 【解決手段】本発明の磁性コア１０は、導体を含むコイル部品用の磁性コアであって、小片に分割された複数の軟磁性薄帯が積層されてなる。
Patent WO-2019225110-A1 (WO)
Title: Stage device, charged particle beam device, and vacuum device
Inventor: TAKAHASHI MOTOHIRO
IPC: H01L21/68
Filed: 2019-03-01
Abstract: The problem addressed by the present disclosure is to provide a stage device, a charged particle beam device, and a vacuum device, with which it is possible to increase the speed and the acceleration of positioning and to suppress the leakage of a magnetic field. As a means to resolve this problem, a stage device 100 comprises a support stage 10, a floating mechanism 20, and a movement stage 30. The movement stage 30 has a propulsion-applying unit 36, and the support stage 10 has a propulsion-receiving unit 11. The stage device 100 is configured so that when the movement stage 30 moves and the propulsion-applying unit 36 contacts or approaches the propulsion-receiving unit 11, the propulsion-applying unit 36 applies propulsion in the movement direction to the propulsion-receiving unit 11.
Patent WO-2019176854-A1 (WO)
Title: Tire rubber composition and studless tire
Inventor: KAGEYAMA HIROKAZU
IPC: C08K5/5415
Filed: 2019-03-11
Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tire rubber composition that exhibits an excellent performance on ice and an excellent antiwear performance, and a studless tire that uses this tire rubber composition. The tire rubber composition according to the present invention contains 100 mass parts of a diene rubber, 30 to 100 mass parts of carbon black and/or a white filler, 1 to 20 mass parts of three-dimensionally crosslinked silicone fine particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 500 μm, 0.1 to 10 mass parts of a nonionic surfactant, and 1 to 20 mass parts of a thermally expandable microcapsule.
Patent WO-2019181662-A1 (WO)
Inventor: TANAKA YASUYUKI
IPC: C25B15/08
Filed: 2019-03-12
Abstract: The present invention provides an alkaline-water electrolysis apparatus provided with: an electrolytic cell; a first gas-liquid separator that separates an electrolytic solution flowing out of an anode chamber and oxygen gas; a second gas-liquid separator that separates an electrolytic solution flowing out of a cathode chamber and hydrogen gas; first and second electrolytic-solution tanks that respectively store the electrolytic solutions separated by the first and second gas-liquid separators; an oxygen-gas blowing pipe and a hydrogen-gas blowing pipe that respectively guide the separated oxygen gas and hydrogen gas to gas phase regions of the first and second electrolytic-solution tanks; an oxygen-gas discharge pipe and a hydrogen-gas discharge pipe that respectively discharge the oxygen gas and the hydrogen gas from the gas phase regions of the first and second electrolytic-solution tanks; and a circulation device that supplies the electrolytic solutions to the electrolytic cell from the first and second electrolytic-solution tanks.
Patent WO-2019168206-A1 (WO)
Inventor: TAHARA Kazukuni
IPC: C01B32/21
Filed: 2019-02-28
Abstract: The present invention is a surface-modified carbon material which comprises graphene having a chemical modification group added to the surface thereof, and in which one-dimensional periodicity corresponding to multiple sites for the addition of the chemical modification group can be observed in a Fourier-transformed image of a scanning probe microscopic image of the surface of the graphene. The surface-modified carbon material according to the present invention has a band gap and therefore can be used as a sensor capable of electronically controling an operation or another electronic device.
Patent WO-2019198603-A1 (WO)
Title: Magnetic measuring system, and method for calibrating magnetic sensor
Inventor: YAMAMOTO MICHIHARU
IPC: G01R33/02
Filed: 2019-04-03
Abstract: A marker detecting device which employs a sensor unit (11), in which a plurality of combinations of a magnetic sensor (Sn) and a magnetic field generating coil (Cn) are arranged, to detect a magnetic marker laid in a road is provided with: a storage unit (112) for storing characteristic information of each magnetic field generating coil (Cn); an estimating unit (112) which refers to the characteristic information of each magnetic field generating coil (Cn) to estimate a magnetic difference value A acting on the corresponding magnetic sensor (Sn) due to a current difference value A acting on the magnetic field generating coil (Cn); and a calibrating unit (112) which calibrates each magnetic sensor (Sn) in such a way as to increase the uniformity of a sensitivity, which is the ratio between an output difference value A of the magnetic sensor (Sn) corresponding to a change in the current of the current difference value A acting on the corresponding magnetic field generating coil (Cn), and the estimated magnetic difference value A.
Patent WO-2019203001-A1 (WO)
Title: Stereo camera device
Inventor: OSATO TAKUMA
IPC: G01C3/06
Filed: 2019-04-04
Abstract: Provided is a stereo camera device that can reduce calculation costs whilst maintaining precision when calculating parallax offset. The present invention comprises: a feature point detection unit 220 that detects a feature point in a plurality of images respectively captured by a left camera 111 and a right camera 112; a feature point tracking unit 240 that tracks the feature point among the plurality of images captured at different times by the left camera 111 and the right camera 112; a tracking range determination unit 230 that limits the tracking of the feature point in the plurality of images by the feature point tracking unit 240 to a tracking range of part of the plurality of images; and a parallax offset correction amount calculation unit 250 that calculates a parallax offset correction amount for correcting the parallax offset between the left camera 111 and the right camera 112 on the basis of a distance moved by a vehicle 1 between the different times and the parallax of the feature point tracked by the feature point tracking unit 240.
Patent WO-2019203060-A1 (WO)
Title: Substrate processing method and substrate processing device
Inventor: TAKAHASHI HIROAKI
IPC: C23G1/00
Filed: 2019-04-09
Abstract: A substrate processing method, provided with: a step (step S12) for reducing the amount of oxygen dissolved in a processing solution and generating a low-oxygen processing solution; and a step (step S14) for feeding the low-oxygen processing solution to a substrate, which has a first metal part and a second metal part in contact with the first metal part formed on a main surface (i.e., upper surface) thereof, and processing the upper surface. In step S14, the low-oxygen processing solution is brought into contact with an interface between the first metal part and the second metal part, whereby an oxygen reduction reaction in the second metal part, which is more noble than the first metal part, is inhibited, and dissolution of the first metal part is inhibited. According to this substrate processing method, dissolution of the metal part (i.e., the first metal part) on the substrate can be satisfactorily inhibited.
Patent WO-2019203062-A1 (WO)
Title: Polyarylene sulfide resin composition, extrusion-molded article, method for manufacturing extrusion-molded article, and transportation machine or generator
Inventor: OHNISHI KATSUHEI
IPC: C08L23/00
Filed: 2019-04-09
Abstract: To provide: a polyarylene sulfide resin composition for extrusion molding, provided with both good extrusion molding properties and, for example, flexibility whereby cracking or splitting does not occur even when a tube made of the resin is pushed into a nipple or other pipe fitting; an extrusion-molded article; a method for manufacturing an extrusion-molded article; and a transportation machine or a generator provided with the extrusion-molded article as piping for circulating a long-life coolant. The polyarylene sulfide resin composition, which contains polyarylene sulfide resin (A1) and an epoxy-group-containing olefin-based copolymer (A2) having a specific composition as resin components (A), the ratio of the mass of the resin components (A) with respect to the total mass of the polyarylene sulfide resin composition being at least 95% by mass, and the nominal strain at tensile break measured in accordance with ISO 527-1, 2 of the polyarylene sulfide resin composition being at least 40%, is used in extrusion molding.
Patent WO-2019220890-A1 (WO)
Title: Image processing device, image processing method, and program
Inventor: YOKOKAWA MASATOSHI
IPC: H04N5/225
Filed: 2019-04-23
Abstract: The present invention realizes a device and a method that enables generating, by use of an image captured by a tele-wide compound eye camera, images of high quality equal to those generated by a compound-eye camera having an identical angle of view. The device has: a wide image capturing unit that photographs an image of a wide view angle; a tele image capturing unit that photographs an image of a narrow view angle; and an image processing unit that receives the photographed images inputted from the respective image capturing units, and executes signal processing. The image processing unit is provided with a wide conversion lens mounting detection unit that detects whether or not a wide conversion lens is mounted to the tele image capturing unit, and carries out, when the wide conversion lens is mounted, one of a high-resolution image generation process, a HDR image generation process, and a high-sensitivity image generation process based on the photographed images by the wide image capturing unit and the tele image capturing unit, in accordance with the state at the time of photographing.
Patent WO-2019208817-A1 (WO)
Title: Scattering assistance system for work machine
Inventor: YAGYU SUMIO
IPC: G01C15/00
Filed: 2019-04-26
Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to easily perform scattering based on a scattering plan. A scattering assistance system for a work machine comprises: an assistance device (500) including a plan creation unit (502) that creates a scattering plan showing the relationship between field information regarding a field in which a scattering material is to be scattered and scattering information including the amount of the scattering material to be scattered; plan acquisition devices (210, 215) that are provided to the work machine (1) having a scattering device (3) for scattering the scattering material and that acquire the scattering plan created by the plan creation unit (502); and scattering control devices (202, 550) that control a scattering unit (32) of the scattering device (3) on the basis of the scattering information of the scattering plan acquired by the plan acquisition devices (210, 215).
Patent WO-2019212061-A1 (WO)
Title: Segment for oligonucleotide synthesis, production method for same, and oligonucleotide synthesis method using same
Inventor: KATAOKA MASANORI
IPC: C07H21/04
Filed: 2019-05-07
Abstract: Provided are: a segment for oligonucleotide synthesis represented by formula (I); a production method for the same; and an oligonucleotide synthesis method using the same. In the formula: B is a protected/unprotected nucleotide base; R 1  is a protective group; R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  are OCH 2 CH 2 CN or OCH 2 CH=CH 2 , for example; R 5  is a substituted/unsubstituted aliphatic group/aromatic group; X is an unshared electron pair, O, or S; Y is NHR 6 , a halogen, or CN, for example, or a hydroxyl group protected by an acyl, ether, or silyl protective group; R 6  is H, an aliphatic group, or an aromatic group; Z is H, an alkyl, an O- or N-alkyl, or a halogen, or together with Y forms a bond Z-Y; and the value of (m+n) is an integer of 2-23.
Patent WO-2020017172-A1 (WO)
Title: Information processing device, information processing method, and program
Inventor: TSUNASHIMA NOBUHIRO
IPC: G06T7/593
Filed: 2019-06-04
Abstract: Using at least one viewpoint image (for example, a left viewpoint image) of a plurality of viewpoint images having different viewpoint positions, an object sensing processing part 21 senses an object region on the basis of information learned by prior learning. A rangefinder part 23 carries out elliptical fitting on the object region sensed by the object sensing processing part 21, sets a focus point positioning region, and sets a plurality of focus points within the focus point positioning region. By a stereo matching process using the plurality of viewpoint images, the rangefinder part 22 computes a sub-pixel precision parallax for each of the focus points corresponding to an object which the image of the object region indicates, and on the basis of the computed parallax, generates rangefinding information for the object. According to this configuration, rangefinding information for an object can be generated even if the baseline length of image capture parts for acquiring a plurality of viewpoint images having different viewpoint positions is not increased so as to distinguish between an object and a background.
Patent WO-2020110353-A1 (WO)
Inventor: NISHIUMI TOSHIHIRO
IPC: A23F5/24
Filed: 2019-06-04
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé de production d'un extrait de café liquide avec lequel l'arôme unique du café est amélioré et l'amertume désagréable est réduite. Un extrait de café liquide, obtenu par une première étape d'extraction pour extraire à une température basse (70 à 120 °C), est mélangé avec un extrait de café liquide obtenu par la conduite d'une concentration par évaporation après une étape d'extraction secondaire dans laquelle l'extraction est effectuée à une température élevée (125 à 150 °C) au moyen des grains de café torréfiés moulus qui ont été utilisés dans la première étape d'extraction.