Patent GB-935423-A (GB)
Title: Cellular plastic materials and process for their production
IPC: C07H15/08
Filed: 1960-01-25
Abstract: The invention comprises a rigid cellular plastic material which consists of or contains the reaction product of an organic diisocyanate or polyisocyanate and of a mixture of (A) at least one poly(hydroxyalkyl) ether of a cyclic sugar and of (B) at least one poly(hydroxyalkyl) ether of an open-chain polyhydroxyl compound with at least 2 and preferably 3 hydroxy substituents, wherein the majority and preferably all of the hydroxy groups of both the polyhydroxy compounds (A) and (B) are etherified with hydroxyalkyl groups.  Specification 935,424 relates to the preparation of the mixture of (A) and (B).  The cellular material is preferably obtained by reacting one molecular proportion of (B), if desired in admixture with preferably less than 0,5 molecular equivalent of (A), with an excess of organic polyisocyanate, preferably using 2 to 6 equivalent of NCO groups per equivalent of hydroxyl group.  The resulting semi-prepolymer is reacted with a mixture of a minor proportion of (A) and a major proportion of (B) in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst and a blowing agent.  If water is the blowing agent amounts up to 0,5 molecular equivalent per equivalent of OH in the polyol used in the second stage may be used, and the components together preferably provide 0,6 to 1,4 equivalent of OH per equivalent of NCO in the prepolymer.  Halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trichlorofluoromethane, can also be used as blowing agents. Triethylenediamine; diethyl or dimethyl ethanolamine, N-methymorpholine, pyridine and trimethylamine are suitable catalysts.  A dispersing agent such as a silicone may also be present in the reaction mixture.  The prepolymer method and the "one-shot" method can also be used.  In Example (1) a polyol mixture is prepared by reacting a mixture of beet sugar, glycerol, triethylamine catalyst and water with propylene oxide. Semi-prepolymers are prepared (2) by reacting the product of Example 1 and (3 and 4) 1,2,3-tris(hydroxypropyl) glycerol alone, with excess toluene diisocyanate.  Foamed products are prepared by reacting (5), (6) and (18) the semi-prepolymer of Example 2, polyol mixture, silicone, triethylene-diamine and trichlorofluoromethane; (7) to (17) semi-prepolymer prepared as in (3) or (4), trichlorofluoromethane, polyol, silicone oil and triethylenediamine (and in some cases water also).ALSO:The invention comprises a rigid cellular plastic material which consists of or contains the reaction product of an organic diisocyanate or polyisocyanate and of a mixture of (A) at least one poly (hydroxyalkyl) ether of a cyclic sugar and of (B) at least one poly (hydroxyalkyl) ether of an open-chain polyhydroxyl compound with at least 2 and preferably 3 hydroxy substituents, wherein the majority and preferably all of the hydroxy groups of both the polyhydroxy compounds (A) and (B) are etherified with hydroxyalkyl groups.  Specification 935,424 relates to the mixture of (A) and (B). The cellular material is preferably obtained by reacting one molecular proportion of (B), if desired in admixture with preferably less than 0,5 molecular equivalent of (A), with an excess of organic polyisocyanate, preferably using 2 to 6 equivalent of NCO groups per equivalent of hydroxyl group.  The resulting semiprepolymer is reacted with a mixture of a minor proportion of (A) and a major proportion of (B) in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst and a blowing agent.  If water is the blowing agent amounts up to 0,5 molecular equivalent per equivalent of OH in the polyol used in the second stage may be used, and the components together preferably provide 0,6 to 1,4 equivalent of OH per equivalent of NCO in the prepolymer halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trichlorofluoromethane, can also be used as blowing agents.  Triethylenediamine; diethyl or dimethyl ethanolamine, N-methyl-morpholine, pyridine and trimethylamine are suitable catalysts.  A dispersing agent such as a silicone may also be present in the reaction mixture.  The prepolymer method and the "one-shot" method can also be used. In Example (1) a polyol mixture is prepared by reacting a mixture of beet sugar, glycerol, triethylamine catalyst and water with propylene oxide. Semipre-polymers are prepared (2) be reacting the product of Ex. 1 and (3 and 4) 1, 2, 3-tris(hydroxypropyl) glycerol alone, with excess toluene diisocyanate.  Foamed products are prepared by reacting (5), (6) and (18) the semi-prepolymer of Ex. 2, polyol mixture, silicone, triethylene-diamine and trichlorofluoromethane; (7) to (17) semiprepolymer prepared as in (3) or (4), trichlorofluoromethane, polyol, silicone oil and triethylenediamine (and in some cases water also).