Patent GB-807219-A (GB)
Title: Digital-to-analog converter system
IPC: G05B19/35
Filed: 1956-05-16
Abstract: 807,219. Analogue computers. FARRAND OPTICAL CO Inc. May 16, 1956 [Oct. 14, 1955], No. 15296/56. Class 37. [Also in Group XXXVIII] A system for converting a digital input into analogue voltage values, e.g. for the purpose of controlling a machine slide includes a transformer and means for supplying the primary winding with a variable signal representing a trigonometric function of an angle (a), the secondary winding having taps in steps proportional to a trigonometric function of another angle (b), the secondary winding therefore supplying a signal proportional to the product of the trigonometrical functions. The distance that the machine slide is to be driven is represented by punchings in seven columns of record cards which give respectively the digital values of the movement in terms of 100", 10", 1", 0.1", 0.01", 0.001" and 0.0001". Card-sensing means control stepping switches one for each column to apply voltages to the transformers which in turn applies control voltages to three angular control elements for coarse, medium and fine adjustment. The control elements are known servo mechanisms in which a positioning motor is driven by an error signal derived from the difference in angular position of the shaft and the angular position given by the applied control voltages. The motor drives in a direction to reduce the error signal and at a certain low level the control is passed from the coarse to the medium element and from the medium to the fine. The trigonometric functions required are the sine and cosine of the added angles (a+b), values proportional to which are applied to the control windings. The 100", 10" and 1" data control stepping switches such as 103, Fig. 5, for the 1" data. The input data causes a wiper of the switch to seek the contact to which the input signal is applied and another wiper moving with the first selects a corresponding one.of a series of tappings 103B of potentiometer 25, the corresponding voltage being applied to adding resistors 34, 35, 36 connected to an amplifier 5. A zero offset adjusting resistor 32 is connected to a variable potentiometer 31 and the added voltages are counterbalanced by the voltage applied from potentiometer 39, wiper 40 being driven by the coarse control element 1 to reduce the output from the amplifier to zero. The medium control element 2 is a rotary position measuring transformer with quadrature windings 50, 51 and rotary winding 53 which is driven towards a position determined by the sine and cosine functions applied to the quadrature windings. This control element is caused to overlap in operation with the control element 1 by providing the stepping switch 103 (governed by the 1" data) with further banks of contacts 103A to select voltages from the tapped secondaries of transformers 173, 175 corresponding to the sine and cosine functions of the required angular displacement. The gear relation between the control element 2 and the slide is such that 1" slide movement represents 36‹ phase shift in the quadrature windings. 0.1" corresponds to 3.6‹ and 0.01" to 0.36‹. Stepping switches controlled by the 0.1" and 0.01" values of the slide position select contacts representing a corresponding angular displacement in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 5, sine and cosine functions of these angles again being represented by stepped tappings of transformers and being combined to provide signals representing the sine and cosine values of the total angles as shown in Fig. 1. The secondary of the input transformer 61 has ten tappings 63 representing the cosine values for angles in steps of 36‹, the appropriate one being selected according to the number in the 1" field of the input record card as shown in Fig. 5. Another series of ten tappings 64 represent the sine of these angles. The cosine and sine values are applied to the primaries of transformers 66 and 72. Transformer 66 has a winding 67 divided by tappings 68 into steps proportional to the sine of angles advancing in steps of 3.6‹. Likewise winding 69 is divided by tappings 70 into steps proportional to the cosines of angles advancing in steps of 3.6‹. Similar secondary windings 73 and 75 belong to the transformer 72 the tappings being selected by a stepping switch as is appropriate to the number in the 0.1" field of the input record (Fig. 6, not shown). Each of these transformers effectively multiplies a sine and cosine of an angle a which is a multiple of 36‹ with the sine and cosine of an angle b which is a multiple of 3.6‹ and connections are made to apply to winding 77 of transformer 97 the sum of sin a cos band cos a sin b, which is sin (a+b). Similar connections are made to winding 78 of transformer 98 to apply a voltage representing the difference between cos a cos b and sin a sin b, which is cos (a+b). If a were 36‹ and b 3.6 ‹, a+b would be 39.6‹ the sine and cosine of which are applied to the windings 77, 78. In the same way these values are multiplied by the cosine and sine values of the angle corresponding to the 0.01" data which is a multiple of 0.36‹ and selected. by a stepping switch (Fig. 7, not shown), and the values are combined again to provide on windings 87, 88 sine and cosine values of the sum of the angles (e.g. 39.96‹). These windings are the control quadrature windings 50, 51, Fig. 5. The number of stepping switches necessary may be reduced by working out the sine and cosine values of the summed angles, using the equation: In this method shown in Fig. 2 it is only necessary to have transformer windings tapped to represent the tangent values as selected by stepping switches instead of tapped windings and switches for both sine and cosine values. The trigonometric values are computed in this manner for 0.01", 0.001" and 0.0001" data and the signals derived are applied to the quadrature windings of the fine control device. Specifications 801,516 and 801,157, [both in Group XXXV], are referred to.