baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-959693-A (GB)
Title: Process for the trans-alkylation of alkyl magnesium compounds
IPC: C07F5/02
Filed: 1961-02-20
Abstract: Alkyl magnesium compounds are trans-alkylated by reaction with alkyl boron compounds according to the equilibrium: <FORM:0959693/C2/1> Preferably the dialkyl magnesium starting material has alkyl radicals containing less than 6 carbon atoms, the alkyl boron compound having a greater number of carbon atoms in its alkyl groups.  The reaction may be carried out at temperatures up to 140 DEG C.  The volatile alkyl boron compound may be removed (a) by heating the reaction mixture and distilling it off, if desired under reduced pressure, (b) using an entraining agent, suitably a solvent such as toluene, xylene, octane or isooctane, or (c) using a mixture of entraining agent and sodium hydride-in this case the benzene vapours carry over the alkyl boron compounds which condense and flow back into the evaporator, there to complex with the sodium hydride.  The transalkylation reaction may be used in connexion with mixtures of substances formed by electrolysis of organometallic compounds.  The low boiling alkyl boron compound formed may be subjected to a growth reaction with ethylene to produce higher alkyl boron compounds for the transalkylation step. The starting trialkyl boron compounds may be obtained from trialkyl borazanes or from diborane, or from other trialkyl boron compounds by displacement with olefines.  If desired the dialkyl magnesium starting material may be replaced by an alkyl magnesium halide.  The alkyl magnesium product compound may be carbonated with e.g. solid CO2 and the resulting magnesium carboxylate hydrolysed in the usual manner to give the free acid. The following acids are prepared in this way in the examples: (1) tridecyl acid, (2) b -(1-cyclohexan-3-yl) propionic acid, (5) tricosanic acid, (7) pelargonic acid, (8) 3,5,5-trimethylcaproic acid, (9) b -ethyl enanthic acid, (10) nonadecane carboxylic acid, (11) b -phenyl butyric acid and (12) a mixture of waxy acids of average composition C18H37(C2H4)6COOH. Specifications 814,609, 858,446, 911,387, 923,651 and 946,686 are referred to.
Patent GB-1457577-A (GB)
Title: Composition and method for removing water-insoluble coat9ngs  applied to a substrate
IPC: C09D5/00
Filed: 1974-02-12
Abstract: 1457577 Removing water insoluble coatings C G FOSSATI 12 Feb 1974 [12 April 1973] 6251/74 Heading B2E  A method for removing a water-insoluble coating from a substrate consisting of a paint spray mask to which the coating is normally adherent comprises depositing on the substrate a barrier coating of water-soluble material, effecting the accummulation on the barrier coating of the water-insoluble coating, effecting the removal of said coating by subjecting the coated substrate to the action of an aqueous solution of the soluble material, the temperature of the solution being in the range 110-212‹F and drying the substrate having the aqueous solution thereon so that the watersoluble barrier coating is re-deposited on the substrate. The water-soluble, film-forming material may be casein, sucrose, glucose, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, vegetable protein, an alkali metal ortho phosphate, hypophosphate, hexametaphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, triphosphate, silicate, cirtate, tartrate, or lactate. The solution may contain a detergent.
Patent GB-384305-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to starting devices for diesel engines
IPC: F02N1/02
Filed: 1931-02-27
Abstract: 384,305. Turning-gear. HUMBOLDTDEUTZMOTOREN AKT.-GES., 149, Deutz- Mulheimerstrasse, Deutz, Cologne, Germany. Feb. 27, 1931, No. 6260. Convention date, Sept. 26, 1930. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. [Class 7 (v).] A starting-handle for Diesel engines is provided in one form, Fig. 2, with a threaded spindle c for engagement with a threaded socket b on the engine shaft a, so that the handle is not disengaged until the engine has made several revolutions under its own power. In a modification, Fig. 3, the handle l is connected to the engine shaft a by a free-wheel coupling i and a claw coupling f which engages in both directions of rotation, so that the handle is not disengaged when overrun by the engine.
Patent GB-1024051-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to wrought refractory alloys
Inventor: QUAASS STANLEY THOMAS
IPC: C22C32/00
Filed: 1962-02-19
Abstract: Powdered alloys of Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr, Co-Cr containing optionally small amounts of W, Mo, B, C, Si and Al are packed in a container such as a steel can and hot extruded.  The alloys may also contain up to 10% of each of the following oxides, NiO, CoO, Al2O3 and Cr2O3 and the powder size is minus 150 plus 400 mesh.  In a specific example the alloy contains 66% Co, 26% Cr, 5% W, 1% C, 2% Fe, Si, Al.  The degreased powder is placed in a steel can which is evacuated, heated and extruded 1175-1200  DEG C.  The steel can is removed by pickling or turning. In a further example the alloy contains 73.75% Ni, 13.5% Cr, 4.75% Fe, 4.25% Si, 3% B, 0.75% C, and was extruded at 970  DEG C.
Patent GB-1224593-A (GB)
Title: Method for producing polyoxy-methylene
IPC: C08G2/00
Filed: 1969-02-06
Abstract: 1,224,593. Trioxan polymerization by irradiation. DAICEL Ltd., MITSUBISHI PETROCHEMICAL CO. Ltd., and UBE INDUSTRIES Ltd. 6 Feb., 1969 [8 Feb., 1968], No. 6508/69. Heading C3P. Solid trioxan is homopolymerized by irradiation and in the presence of an alkyl acetal of formula where R 1  is C 1-6  alkyl and R 2  is H or C 1-5  alkyl. The process may be carried out in a number of ways, particularly by (i) mixing the trioxan and the acetal, and then irradiating at room temperature to 64‹ C., (ii) mixing the trioxan and acetal, allowing to stand at - 78‹ C. to room temperature, irradiating the system, and raising the temperature to room temperature to 64‹ C. to cause polymerization, or (iii) irradiating the trioxan and mixing with the acetal at or below room temperature, and maintaining the temperature at room temperature to 64‹ C. to cause polymerization. Further " ageing " periods may be allowed between the steps. The acetal causes terminal etherification of the forming or formed polyoxymethylene chains, thus giving a stabilized product of slightly lower molecular weight than without the acetal. Specified acetals are the dimethyl- and diethylacetals of H.CHO, CH 3 .CHO and C 2 H 5 .CHO.
Patent GB-881833-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to semiconductor devices and in methods of making such devices
IPC: H01L23/48
Filed: 1958-02-28
Abstract: 881,833. Semi-conductor devices. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. Feb. 28, 1958 [March 1, 1957], No. 6529/58. Class 37. A method of making a semi-conductor device comprises applying to a base assembly on which is mounted a PN-junction body a metallic cover-plate, the base assembly or cover-plate including a protuberant part to engage the body, and applying pressure and heat to the coverplate to bind it to the assembly and to press the protuberant part against the body to form an ohmic contact therewith. In the embodiment (Fig. 2) a forged base 12 of nickel, washers 14 and 15 of brazing materials, e.g. silver-copper eutectic, silver, copper, or nickel, containing titanium, an alumina or steatite annulus 13 ,  and nickel washer 16 are assembled as shown, heated to 980‹ C. and then rapidly cooled in argon to form a sub-assembly. A monocrystalline PN or PNPN-junction silicon element 11 is placed within the raised margin 18 on the gold-coated protuberance 19. A shaped nickel cover member 17 gold plated on its lower face is then mounted on top of the subassembly and its periphery pressed into contact with washer 16 so that the pressure at point 20 is 30,000 lbs./sq. inch for ¢-5 minutes while the assembly is heated to 310-325‹ C. The process results in thermo-compression bonds being formed between the gold layers 17, 26 and element 11 and between the edges of cover member 17 and the washer 16. As an alternative the cover may be cold welded or resistance welded to the washer in which case the gold layers are merely in pressure contact with the element 11. The cover member is so designed that in the finished device, in spite of manufacturing tolerances in other parts of the assembly, the pressure exerted on the semiconductor element is constant and independent of dimensional changes likely to arise in operation. This is effected by stressing the member beyond its elastic limit. Specification 881,832 is referred to.
Patent GB-555857-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in frequency modulation converters
IPC: H03D3/22
Filed: 1942-05-14
Abstract: 555,857. Frequency and phase modulation. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. May 14, 1942, No. 6575. Convention date, May 15, 1941. [Class 40 (v)] Frequency or phase modulated waves are converted to amplitude-modulated waves of a different frequency by a mixing valve with at least three successive grids, one of which receives the incoming FM waves, another receives a local oscillation, and the third has induced on it a quadrature voltage by the incoming wave. The amplitude-modulated anode output may be fed to the input of an ordinary receiving-set. The aerial 21 is coupled to a tuned circuit 11 connected to the fourth grid 10 of a pentagrid valve 3. The first two grids are back-coupled to produce a local oscillation in the circuit 6 ; and the third and fifth grids are jointly connected to a circuit 20 tuned to the incoming FM wave. The voltages induced on these grids 18 has a mean quadrature relation with that on the grid 10, and the phase swings in either direction with deviation of the FM wave. The output from the anode 15 is thus of a mean frequency equal to the difference of the incoming and the local frequency, and is amplitude-modulated. It may be fed by a tuned circuit 16 to the tuned input circuit of a normal receiving set 1. The functions of the grid 10 and the grids 18 may be reversed, Fig. 3 (not shown). In a modification, aerial input is applied to the first grid, the second is unconnected, the circuit for the local oscillation is connected to the grids 18 which are capacity coupled to the grid 10, and the circuit 20 giving the quadrature phase relation is connected to the grid 10, Fig. 2 (not shown). A capacity-shunted grid leak 13 in the aerial input circuit effects noise reduction by amplitude limitation.
Patent GB-683774-A (GB)
Title: Granular carbon product and process of making the same
IPC: C09C1/56
Filed: 1950-03-16
Abstract: <PICT:0683774/III/1> Carbon pellets of a bulk density between 30 and 60 lbs./cu. ft. consisting of carbon black agglomerated in pellet form and bound together internally by carbon thermally deposited from vaporized or gaseous hydrocarbons, are produced by passing the hydrocarbon through a mass of porous carbon black pellets in an enclosed space heated above 1400 DEG F and preferably 1800 DEG F. The product is of a grayish colour and has a cohesive strength at least 10 times that of the untreated pellets, and has a specific electrical resistance of 0.132 ohms/cu. inch or less.  In the figure, carbon black pellets are cycled through the circuit comprised by the treatment zone 10, duct 30, elevator 20 and sleeve 19.  Gaseous hydrocarbon enters from pipe 32 to the mass of pellets in the zone 10 and are decomposed to form glaze carbon in and on the pellets.  The effluent gases from this treatment are passed through pipe 14, together with air from inlet 18 to a burner 16 where they are burned to heat the zone 10.  The product, withdrawn at 31, consisting of spherical carbon pellets of purity above 99 per cent, is suitable for electrical and metallurgical purposes, particularly as a carburizer in the manufacture of steel.  The deposition of carbon in and on the carbon black pellets may also be effected in a fluidized solid bed.
Patent GB-801563-A (GB)
Title: Process for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C5/32
Filed: 1955-03-07
Abstract: <PICT:0801563/III/1> Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, petrol, gas oil or paraffin is dehydrogenated by subjection for 1-120 seconds to a radiation, free from heavy particles such as neutrons and alpha particles, resulting from nuclear disintegration of an intensity of 102-107 disintegrations per second and having an energy of 0.1-5 Mev.  Suitable radiations are gamma-and X-rays. The reaction may take place at 7-1400 DEG  F. and at 15 p.s.i.g.  In the example, propane is treated at 1200 DEG  F. and 15 p.s.i.g. for 5 seconds with gamma-rays derived from a nuclear reactor using uranium fuel and the products comprise hydrogen and C1-C4 saturated and olefinic hydrocarbons.  It is stated that mixed fission products from the use of thorium and plutonium fuels may also be used with similar results.  In the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 the hydrocarbon passes through a feed line to a preheater and thence via line 15 to an irradiating unit comprising a stainless-steel pan 17 embedded in concrete, into which a sealed tube 19 containing a source of gamma or X-rays may be inserted and located on cradles 23 by means of rod 22 which passes through a detachable carrier 20 made of lead.
Patent GB-1247064-A (GB)
Title: Installation for the protection of a transmission line incorporating a lightning arrester
IPC: H01T2/00
Filed: 1969-02-06
Abstract: 1,247,064. Lasers. COMPAGNIE GENERALE D'ELECTRICITE. 6 Feb., 1969 [7 Feb., 1968], No. 6581/69. Heading H1C. [Also in Division H2] A lightning arrester device is provided with a triggering device which includes a laser generator 50 of any known type such as a gas laser, a trigger laser or one having relaxed or continuous operation. The spark gap assembly may be provided with an optical system 51, 52 for focusing the laser beam and a device 69 for modulating the laser beam may be incorporated.
Patent GB-540722-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to resistance welding machines
IPC: B23K11/31
Filed: 1940-04-11
Abstract: 540,722. Transformers. REYROLLE & CO., Ltd., A., and BAYLES, J. W. April 11, 1940, No. 6598. [Class 38 (ii)] [Also in Group XXII] In order to reduce leakage reactance in a resistance welding transformer in which the secondary comprises a U-shaped conductor J connected at its ends to the electrodes H, G, the core and primary are sub-divided into a number of sections L distributed along the length of the secondary. The latter is water-cooled and is supported alongside a frame structure A which carries hydraulically-operated work-clamping members F, D associated with the electrodes which are connected to the secondary by flexible leads K. Regulation may be effected by varying the connections of or switching out, sections of the primary. Shortcircuited turns may be mounted in the frame A to exclude leakage flux from the work space. Specifications 424,627 and 453,009, [both in Group XXII], are referred to.
Patent GB-234573-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric switch-gear
IPC: H02P29/00
Filed: 1924-03-14
Abstract: 234,573. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., Heath, H. C., and Wood, C. W. March 14, 1924. Controllers; systems for main working motor with auxiliary starting motor.-A system of starting a synchronous machine 11 by a direct coupled starting motor 12 is shown in Fig. 1. A circuit breaker 14 is included in the primary circuit of a transformer 13, the secondary of which is connected, when the switches 15 are closed on to contacts 17, to the windings of both motors in series, and when the switches 15 are open and the switches 16 are closed, to the windings of the motor 11 only. If it is desired to run the motors, with the motor 11 not excited the switches 15 are closed on to contacts 38. The no-volt release 18 is energized by momentarily closing a switch 22, thus completing a circuit through a fixed contact 55 on an auxiliary switch bridge piece 64, segment 54 and lead 19. The circuit-breaker 14 then closes, and with it a maintaining switch 21 to complete a circuit from coil 18 through an emergency release 23 segment 53 and either bridge piece 64 or contact 58 to segment 54 and lead 19. Unless the switch gear is " off " the circuit breaker cannot be closed for the bridge piece 64 is not on the contact 55. When the circuit is broken at contacts 58, 56 by reverse movement of the switch gear which is atranged so that the contacts 58, 56 open on the slightest reverse movement of the switch gear. the no-volt release ceases to function and the circuit breaker is opened. If the circuit breakers were opened by a tripping-coil instead of a no-volt release, then the contacts 53, 54 and 56, 58 would be series connected so as to complete a tripping circuit immediately a reverse motion of the handle occurred. The switch-gear is arranged so that the successive closing and opening of the switch 15 in respect of the contacts 17 and the closing of the switch 16 is effected by a continuous forward movement of a handle from an " off " position, whereas a backward movement of the handle from the " off " position closes the switch 15 on to the contacts 38.
Patent GB-309689-A (GB)
Title: An improved method of and means for grading eggs by quality
IPC: G01N33/08
Filed: 1928-03-02
Abstract: 309,689. Dunlop, W. R. March 2, 1928. Eggs, testing.-Eggs are graded for quality by subjecting each egg, which is initially at rest or has a substantially constant initial velocity, to a constant accelerating force and utilizing the change of momentum acquired by the egg after traversing a certain distance, to indicate its freshness. The internal friction losses are greater in stale eggs than in fresh eggs owing to the increase in the fluidity with age, so that a fresh egg acquires a greater momentum than a stale one. As shown in Fig. 1, the apparatus used comprises two inclined sections 3, 5 of miniature railway track and an interposed section 4 which is pivoted at 9 and has adjustable weights 4<b>. The tracks 3, 5 are pivoted at 3a, 5<a> and the inclinations are adjustable by screws 3<c>, 5<c>. The eggs are positioned by hand or by a conveyer on the upper part of the section 3 and run down on to the section 4 which tilts and retards the forward movement of the eggs. Since fresh eggs attain a greater velocity than stale ones, the time available for depressing the section 4 and consequently the amount of depression increases with the age of the egg, so that stale eggs are checked to a greater extent than fresh eggs. The fresh eggs still possess sufficient momentum to mount the incline 5 but stale eggs run backwards on to the section 4 which again tilts and leads them to a lower track 10 running into a receptacle 10<a>. The upper part of the section 5 may be provided with a stop, or it may lead to a section 14 which may form part of the machine described in Specification 302,795, [Class 143, Weighing-apparatus], for grading eggs by weight. A lamp 12, casing 11 and lens 13 are positioned beneath the starting position to permit a preliminary light test. The pivoted section 4 may be dispensed with, the eggs being selected by their success or failure to surmount the sections 5, or the section 3 may lead to a level section, the age of the egg being determined by the distance traversed along the level sections. In the modification shown in Fig. 2, the eggs roll down an adjustable inclined section 15 and contact with a weighted pivoted section 18 consisting of inverted miniature railway track, or of a single rail, or of a metal strip. The section 18 carries a pointer 18<a> which moves over a scale indicating the age of the egg. Fresh eggs pass under the section 18 and are examined by light testing means 11 - - 13, while stale eggs move the section 18 and pointer 18a to extents varying with the age of the egg. A number of parallel tracks may be used for testing a number of eggs simultaneously. According to the first Provisional Specification the upward gradient may have an additional balanced section to effect an intermediate grading, in which case eggs of superior quality pass to one weight grader whilst eggs of inferior quality pass to another weight grader. Alternatively, the upward gradient is graduated and the balanced section in the up gradient is dispensed with.
Patent GB-522079-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the casting of ingots
IPC: B22D7/06
Filed: 1939-03-02
Abstract: 522,079. Moulds. DORTMUND HOERDER HUTTEN-VEREIN AKT.-GES. March 2, 1939, No. 6785. Convention date, March 4, 1938. [Class 83 (i)] In order to facilitate extraction ingots, particularly heavy ingots, are cast with trunnions 5 on their waste heads. The necessary recesses are formed in the lining of a cap 3 placed on the mould 1, the whole, or the lower half at least, being formed in sand or like material 7 to allow free shrinkage. The part 7 may have a cork or other combustible insert 9 and the cap have holes 8 for the insertion of a tool to break up the part 7 after casting. The part 7a may be of sand &c. as shown in the left hand side of the figure, and may be in one with the part 7 or all the material above the trunnions may be of permanent material 6 as shown in the righthand side of the figure.
Patent GB-420900-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydraulically operated brakes for motor vehicles
IPC: F16D65/22
Filed: 1933-03-07
Abstract: 420,900. Hydraulic brakes. CLAMA, A. G., 28, Stockwell Road, Stockwell, London. March 7, 1933, No. 6917. [Class 103 (i)] Means for automatically adjusting the length of a liquid column in a hydraulic brake system to compensate for wear of the friction members comprises a floating piston with. a limited stroke disposed between the master piston and a brake operating piston and having an annular packing which permits passage of liquid from one side of the piston to the other but prevents its return. Fig. 1 shows a brake operating cylinder 4 with a tubular piston 2 for connection at 3 to the cam lever of a brake. The piston has a packing ring 12. A floating piston 1 has a rod 5 extending into the piston 2, a groove 6 being provided to connect the space 30 within the piston 2 with the space 8 between the pistons. The rod 5 may be dispensed with. When in applying the brake, liquid is forced into the end of the cylinder by the connection 7, the liquid between the pistons transmits the movement of the piston 1 to the piston 2 until the piston 1 abuts the stop ring 10, when, if the brake is not applied, liquid flows past the packing ring 11 of the piston 1 so that the piston 2 assumes an advanced position when the brake is released. Fig. 4 shows a pair of pistons 2 actuating brake shoes, arranged in cylinders divided by a partition and formed as a unit with cylinders for floating pistons 1. A simple floating piston may be provided for both of the pistons 2. A unit comprising only two cylinders at right angles, containing respectively a brake operating and a floating piston also is shown. A pair of these may be arranged back to back to give an arrangement similar to that in Fig. 4.