baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1159704-A (GB)
Title: Method for Preparing a Semiconductor Surface for the Metallisation.
IPC: H01L21/3063
Filed: 1966-07-04
Abstract: 1,159,704. Semi-conductors. CSF-COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE TELEGRAPHIE SANS FIL. 4 July, 1966 [8 July, 1965], No. 29993/66. Heading H1K. [Also in Division C7] Prior to metallization a silicon surface having parts covered by silicon oxides is cleaned by plunging it as anode into an oxidizing electrolyte containing reducing agents and adjusting the applied D.C. potential to adjust the electrolytic oxidation rate so that destruction of oxide by the reducing agent occurs at a faster rate. Typically the electrolyte is a mixture of pH about 1 of nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids with optionally sodium fluoride, ammonium chloride and distilled water as well. A typical current density is 10 amps/ sq. dm. If a plating metal e.g. nickel is present in the bath, the cleaned silicon can be electroplated with it by reversal of polarity. Plating can also be effected by electroless or vacuum evaporation methods. The metal deposit on the silicon is annealed in a vacuum or an inert atmosphere. A Schottky diode is made in this way by depositing nickel on the (111) face of a silicon body. By the use of photographic masking the method may be applied in the production of integrated circuits.
Patent GB-660460-A (GB)
Title: Thermally responsive signal actuating device
IPC: G08B29/14
Filed: 1948-11-18
Abstract: 660,460. Thermal switches. CUFALO, J. Nov. 18, 1948. [Nov. 21, 1947] No. 30041/48. Class 38 (v). [Also in Group XIII] A fire-alarm switch comprises normally-open spring contacts 35, 36, a plunger 16 urged by a spring 24 to close the contacts, and a thermallydeformable strip 28 having a screw 27 normally engaging an aperture 25 in the plunger, to render it inoperative. The plunger is slidable in a bore 13, 14 in housing parts 3 and comprises a piston 21, carrying a rod 22 projecting into an aperture 19 in a nut 18 closing the lower end of the plunger, the spring 24 being compressed between the piston and the nut. A. stud 23 on the upper side of the piston passes through a further closure nut 20 and presses against a blade spring 44 flush with the lower surface of a cover plate 5. The housing also contains two series-connected battery cells 30 and a.buzzer or bell 38 is mounted in a casing 6 on the top of plate 5. On increase of temperature the strip 28 deflects and releases the plunger 16 which moves down to close the contacts 35, 36. For testing purposes, a stud 47 engaging the free end of the spring 44 may be depressed, thereby causing downward movement of the rod 22 relatively to the plunger casing to close the contacts. In a, modification, Fig. 5 (not shown), the batteries and alarm are remote from the switch and the stud 23 extends through the top of the housing. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also an arrangement, Fig. 11, (Cancelled), wherein a movable contact 62 is attached to the free end of an expansible strip 61 attached at its other end to a further, shorter expansible strip 60 and to a shoulder 59 on. the housing 55 by a screw 66 which also secures one end of a metal strip 77 connected by a screw 67 to the contact 62. The strips 60, 61 are made of hard rubber, a phenolic compound with paper fibres therein, or other suitable plastic. Increase of temperature affects strip 61 first and this expands and bends rapidly and, soon after, the strip 60 expands, modifying the action of strip 60, until the contact 62 eventually engages a fixed contact 58. In a modification, Fig. 17 (Cancelled), the strip 60 is fixed to the shoulder at its left-hand end and to the strip 61 at its right-hand end, thereby opposing the action of the strip 61. The two strips are also mounted in a channel-shaped member 78, which interferes with bending of the strip, but permits expansion of strips 60, 61, so as to push contact 62 into engagement with contact 58. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-448668-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of wetting, washing, emulsifying, softening and like agents
IPC: C07F5/04
Filed: 1935-10-31
Abstract: Cholesterol derivatives stated to be useful as wetting, washing, emulsifying and softening agents are prepared by condensing in the presence of a sulphonating agent boric acid esters of aliphatic alcohols with boric acid esters of the cholesterols of wool fat and neutralizing the products.  The crude cholesterols comprising other alcohols or the purified cholesterols may be used.  The products may be used for emulsifying fats, oils, and waxes and the emulsions thus obtained used for clearing and brightening textiles.  The properties of alkylated aromatic sulphonic acids are improved by the addition of the cholesterol derivatives.  The latter may also be used in the leather and cosmetic industries.  In examples: (1) wool fat alcohols obtained by saponifying Bradford wool fat are fractionated and the fraction rich in cholesterols is esterified with boric acid and condensed in the presence of sulphuric acid with the ortho boric acid ester of oleic or sperm oil alcohols; the product is neutralized with caustic soda; (2) cetyl borate is condensed and sulphonated with German wool fat alcohols and neutralized with caustic soda. Pyridine, amines and ammonia may be used for the neutralization.ALSO:Cholesterol derivatives stated to be useful as emulsifying agents are prepared by condensing in the presence of a sulphonating agent boric acid esters of aliphatic alcohols with boric acid esters of the cholesterols of wool fat and neutralizing the products.  The emulsification of fats, oils and waxes is mentioned. In examples, cetyl borate and boric acid esters of oleic and sperm oil alcohols are used for the condensation with the cholesterol boric acid esters.
Patent GB-324107-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to air suction massage nozzles
IPC: A61H23/04
Filed: 1928-10-18
Abstract: 324,107. Siemens -- Schuckertwerke Akt.-Ges., and Klopfleisch, W. Oct. 18, 1928. Pneumatic appliances. -An air suction massage device for connection to any desired vacuum apparatus consists of a supporting member 22 projecting approximately in an axial direction slightly beyond a suction tube 21, the member 22 being provided with openings 23 for the free admission of air to the suction opening and being arranged to hold the tube at such a distance from the part of the body being treated that the body is not sucked firmly thereagainst but is caused to vibrate. The projecting member may also be in the form of a ring. The position on the part 22 may be adjustable or it may be integral with the part 21' and its rim may be of elastic material. An adjustable spring 37, Fig. 8, may be arranged in the mouth of the suction device, and holds a boss 38 to press against the skin. The devices may be arranged in pairs with a common vacuum connection.
Patent GB-1222144-A (GB)
Title: Improved electrical switching means
Inventor: SVEDBERG PER
IPC: H01L29/36
Filed: 1968-06-25
Abstract: 1,222,144. S.C.Rs. ALLMANNA SVENSKA ELEKTRISKA A.B. 25 June, 1968 [30 June, 1967], No. 30258/68. Heading HlK. An S.C.R. is provided with an ignition electrode and at least one bias electrode on one of its base layers, the bias electrode being supplied with a voltage such that the junction between the said base layer and the adjacent emitter layer is reverse biased at least during the blocking interval of the device. As shown, Fig. 2, an S.C.R. has a cathode electrode 6 and a central ignition electrode 97 contacting the adjacent base layer 4 which is also provided with three bias electrodes 91, 92, 93 which are connected together and biased negatively with respect to the cathode by source 12. The device is fired by applying a positive voltage to the ignition electrode 97. In a second embodiment, Fig. 3 (not shown), six bias electrodes are provided and each is connected to the central ignition electrode by means of a diode. The bias and ignition voltages are applied directly between the ignition electrode and the cathode and the diodes are poled so that negative bias applied to the ignition electrode is also applied to the bias electrodes but a positive firing voltage applied to the ignition electrode is blocked from the bias electrodes. The S.C.R. and diodes may be mounted in a single housing. In another embodiment, Fig. 4 (not shown), two bias electrodes and an ignition electrode are arranged round the periphery of the cathode region which is provided with a small notch to accommodate the ignition electrode and larger semicircular recesses to accommodate the bias electrodes. The ignition and bias electrodes are connected directly together and their arrangement relative to the cathode region ensures that when a positive firing voltage is applied conduction is initiated only at the point adjacent to the ignition electrode. The ignition electrode may also be positioned at the centre of the cathode. In a further embodiment, Fig. 5 (not shown), the ignition electrode is arranged to one side of the cathode region and a single, strip-like bias electrode surrounds the majority of the remainder of the cathode region. The bias electrode may be provided with an individual bias voltage source or may be connected directly to the ignition electrode in which case the thickness of the base layer between the bias electrode and the cathode is reduced by etching or blasting to ensure that conduction is initiated only at the ignition electrode.
Patent GB-865321-A (GB)
Title: Method for the preparation of alpha-fluorinated organic compounds from active hydrogen compounds
IPC: C07C69/63
Filed: 1958-09-23
Abstract: The invention comprises the compounds diethyl 2, 2-difluoromalonate, ethyl 2, 2-difluoroacetoacetate, diethyl 2-ethyl- and 2-phenyl-2-fluoromalonate, and 3, 3-difluoro-2, 4-pentanedione and its mono-2, 4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone; and a method for the preparation of a -fluorinated organic compounds by bringing together at a suitable temperature perchloryl fluoride ClO3F and an alkali metal derivative of an active hydrogen compound in which at least one active hydrogen atom has been replaced by an alkali metal atom, or the components of said derivative, namely an active hydrogen compound and an alkali metal base.  An "active hydrogen compound" is defined as an organic compound containing a carbon atom to which is attached at least one hydrocarbon atom and at least one electron-accepting group. The corresponding compounds in which H is replaced by F are called "a -fluorinated compounds."  An 'alkali metal base" is defined as any alkali metal compound which is sufficiently basic to remove the a -hydrogen atom from the starting compound, such as the alkoxides, hydroxide, hydride or amide, or the alkali metals themselves.  Suitable active hydrogen compounds are those of the formula HCRR1R2, where R is hydrogen or a C1-12 aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenohydrocarbon group, or a group sufficiently electronegative to render the compound capable of forming an alkali metal derivative, and R1 and R2 are separately or together such electronegative groups; specified electronegative groups are-CN, -CO.R3, -CR3=CR4R5, -COOR3, -CS.R3, -NO2 and <FORM:0865321/IV (b)/1> where R3, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen, halogen, phenyl, or a C1-3 aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenohydrocarbon group.  Examples of active hydrogen compounds are b -diketones, b -keto-esters, b -diesters, b -thioketo-esters, nitriles, nitroalkanes and cycloalkadiene compounds.  Non-aqueous solvents may be used in the reaction.  In Examples, the following compounds are prepared: (1) diethyl 2, 2-difluoromalonate; (2) ethyl 2, 2-difluoroacetoacetate and its 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone; (3) diethyl 2-ethyl-2-fluoromalonate; (4) difluoromalonitrile; (5) methyl ethyl 2, 2-difluoromalonate; (6) a , a -difluoro-cyanoacetic acid; (7) ethyl a , a -difluoro-cyanoacetate; (8) C3H7OCOCF(CH3)COOCH2Cl; (9) CH3OCO CF2CO.CH3CH2CHCl2; (10) propyl 2, 2-difluoroacetoacetate; (11) diethyl 2-fluoro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-malonate; (12) diethyl 2-fluoro-2-aceto-malonate; (13) diethyl 2-fluoro-2-allylo-malonate; (14) methyl a , a -difluoro-nitroacetate; (15) a -cyanoa , a -difluorotoluene; (16) 9, 9-difluorofluorene; (17) 5, 5-difluorocyclopentadiene (18) 1, 1-difluoroindane; (19) and (21) CH3COCF2COCH3; (20) CH3O.CS.CF2.CS.OCH3; (22) diethyl-2-fluoro-2-phenyl malonate.  5-Ethyl-5-fluoro-barbituric acid is prepared by reacting diethyl 2-fluoro-2-ethylmalonate with urea. Difluoromalonamide is prepared by the action of ammonia on diethyl 2, 2-difluoromalonate.
Patent GB-1244563-A (GB)
Title: Microtome
Inventor: SODERKVIST LARS OLOF ANTON
IPC: B23Q5/22
Filed: 1969-06-16
Abstract: 1,244,563. Microtomes. LKB-PRODUKTER AB. June 16, 1969 [July 2, 1968], No.30445/69. Heading G2J. In a microtome, the feeding action is obtained by the expansion of a metal cylinder 6 as it is heated by a lamp 15, the specimen holder 13 being forced by two insulating leaf springs 12 which connect the cylinder to the holder. The lamp 15 is run from the amplified output of a bridge circuit Fig. 2 (not shown) in which two resistances (23, 24) are fixed, one is adjustable (25) and one is in the form of a temperature sensing coil 16 wound around the cylinder 6. Equilibrium is reached when the rate of supply of heat to the cylinder just matches the rate of loss of heat to the surrounds and the cylinder stops expanding; a cut is then made. The adjustable resistance (25) is then changed slightly and causes a slightly larger output from the lamp, a small rise in temperature and hence a small expansion of the cylinder until another equilibrium state is reached, when another cut is made. The process is made automatic by making a motor (29), Fig. 3 (not shown) drive the controlling arm of the adjustable resistance, this motor being fed rectangular voltage pulses of predetermined duration from a monostable multi-vibrator (28). The trigger pulses for the multi-vibrator are obtained from a retraction magnet 20 as the holder 13 reaches its lowermost position during a cutting sequence in which a motor 17 raises and lowers the holder 13 relative to the knife 2. The feed may alternatively be applied to the knife.
Patent GB-306014-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for electrically measuring fluid flow
IPC: G01F1/115
Filed: 1927-11-12
Abstract: 306,014. Martin, H. Nov. 12, 1927. Tell-tale, apparatus.-Relates to apparatus for indicating, recording and integrating electrically the flow of fluids. As shown, a meter for measuring the flow of gas or steam of the type described in Specification 221,915, [Class 110 (ii), Rotary engines &c.], and comprising a vane 6 driven at a speed proportional to the flow of fluid under the control of a vane 7 rotating in a liquid 8, drives an electric generator 2 adapted to generate a voltage proportional to the flow and operate an indicating instrument 16, a recorder 17 and an integrating instrument 18 which may be of the volt-hour meter type as described in Specification 260,323. The generator 2 may be a magneto machine or may be separately excited with a highly saturated fluid provided if necessary with a few turns of compound winding.
Patent GB-825527-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to valves
Inventor: SADLER PETER
IPC: F16K15/14
Filed: 1955-12-09
Abstract: 825,527. Valves. N.G.N. ELECTRICAL Ltd. March 5, 1956 [Dec. 9, 1955], No. 30590/57. Divided out of 825,524, [Group XXVI]. Drawings to Specification. Class 135. The subject-matter of this Specification is substantially the same as that described in Specification 825,524, but the claims differ. Specification 825,526, [Group XXVI], also is referred to.
Patent GB-336418-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric indandescent lamps and holders thereof
IPC: H01R33/02
Filed: 1929-10-09
Abstract: 336,418. Grote, E. R. Oct. 9, 1929. Bulbs; caps; holders.- Holders for electric lamps having tubular bulbs with a longitudinal filament extending into the hemispherical ends of the bulb where it is connected to laterally arranged caps are arranged to grip the caps. For this purpose the holder consists of an insulating block 10 arranged in a trough-shaped casing 9 and carrying a spring 14 arranged to engage with grooves 15 in the caps 6 of the lamps. The caps are formed with conical ends 16 so that they can be thrust into holes 11, 12 in the block 10 to engage the springs 14. The hole 11 is of oblong shape to allow the lamp to expand. The springs 14 are held in slots in metal blocks 18 which also serve as terminals.
Patent GB-343477-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of carbon and hydrogen chloride
IPC: C01B31/00
Filed: 1929-10-10
Abstract: Carbon and hydrogen chloride are produced by burning a partially or wholly chlorinated hydrocarbon with another reactant which is either a hydrocarbon, chlorine, or another chlorinated hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof, the reactants being so proportioned that the total (gram-atoms) of chlorine does not exceed the total (gram-atoms) of hydrogen.  Methyl chloride with p  methane and chlorine, and carbon tetrachloride with chlorine and methane are examples of reactive mixtures.  The combustion is carried out as described in Specification 317,165, [Class 1 (ii), Inorganic compounds, Other than &c.].
Patent GB-1235613-A (GB)
Title: Terpene resin compositions
Inventor: DERFER JOHN MENTZER
IPC: C08F36/00
Filed: 1969-06-17
Abstract: 1,235,613. Dipentene; carvestrene. SCM CORP. 17 June, 1969, No. 30720/69. Heading C5E. [Also in Division C3] A-3-Carene is pyrolysed over alumina to give a product containing dipentene and carvestrene. (All 3 hydrocarbons have the empirical formula C 10 H 16 .)
Patent GB-188665-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the compression, storage and treatment of gases
IPC: C10L3/04
Filed: 1922-11-10
Abstract: 188,665. Naamlooze Vennootschap Algemeine Norit Maatschappij. Nov. 14, 1921, [Convention date]. Storing under pressure.-Gases are stored under pressure in containers filled with dry porous granular decolorizing carbon, preferably of vegetable origin retaining its structure.
Patent GB-153304-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in radiators
IPC: F28D1/03
Filed: 1920-11-01
Abstract: 153,304. Steffen, H. Nov. 1, 1919, [Convention date]. Radiators.-In a wrought-iron radiator consisting of a sheet metal plate a, cut out, pressed together and closed at the top and bottom by welding, the parts of the plate lying between the unilateral members b are slit open in a perpendicular line f, bent over on both sides towards the heating members and there welded to neighbouring parts so as to form the rear end of the heating members. The metal sheet a, of the contour shown, is provided with vertical slits f and is pressed to form unilateral heating members b connected at their upper and lower ends by the parts c. The edges d are pressed together and welded, and the edges g adjacent the slits f are bent at an angle and welded to the neighbouring edges g to close the rear end of the heating members. The parts e are bent to form a continuous pipe section and welded along the line h to tubular fittings i in the known manner. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) states that the members b may be stiffened by pressing grooves in them. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-434857-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to lighting systems
IPC: H01Q1/06
Filed: 1934-10-27
Abstract: 434,857. Supply systems for consuming devices. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London. Oct. 27, 1934, No. 30883. Convention date, Oct. 28, 1933. [Class 38 (iv)] [See also Group XL] Systems of wiring; protective arrangements.- In a method of supplying lighting current from a low voltage source 14 to a wireless tower-type antenna (the base of which is indicated at 1), the high potential of the antenna is gradually impressed upon the low voltage lighting conductors along the length thereof by coupling them to an element of the antenna system having an appropriate voltage gradient, e.g. the inductor 10. The latter is formed as a hollow conductor through which conductors 15 for the low voltage lighting circuit extend. The conductors 15 are at the high potential end connected to a transformer 24, the secondary leads 12 of which extend up the mast. Condensers 22, 23 are provided to byepass radio frequency energy picked up by the conductors 15. In order to prevent radio frequency energy picked up by the conductors 15 from entering the circuit of the low voltage source 14, a radio frequency choke 16 is introduced into the low potential end of the conductors 15 and condensers 19, 20 are connected between these conductors and an earthed screen 21 surrounding the condensers and low voltage fuses and switch-gear 18. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 394,011, [Group XL].
Patent GB-228826-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in tile making machines
IPC: B28B5/02
Filed: 1923-08-07
Abstract: 228,826. Marks, E. C. R., (Concrete Tile Machinery Co.). Aug. 7, 1923. Endless-chain machines; feeding materials ; strickles.-In tile machines in which moulds or pallets are charged with material and are moved past pressing, smoothing and colour-applying devices, colouring is effected by causing the formed tile to pass in contact with a fluid body of colouring material. As shown, colour is applied by an open-bottomed trough 25 supported by cross strips 26 carrying trowelling blocks 27. Material is supplied to the trough from a tank 16 through a discharge tube 17 fitted with a valve sleeve 18 and perforated plunger 19 and the discharge from the trough is regulated by a movable slide 25<1>. A plate 25<e>, Fig. 5, carrying trowelling blocks 40, is slidably mounted upon the front wall of the trough. The trough and associated parts are carried at each side by parallel links 48 pivoted at one end to a plate 50 secured to the strips 26 and at the other to a strip 46<c> adjustably secured to an ear 46<a> extending from a collar 46 adjustably mounted on a rod 45a. This arrangement allows the trough &c. to rise for a tile thicker than normal and permits of removal of the trough &c. as a unit. Specification 228,580 is referred to.
Patent GB-1049094-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of developing electrostatic images
IPC: G03G9/12
Filed: 1963-08-06
Abstract: 1,049,094. Development of electrostatic images. RESEARCH LABORATORIES OF AUSTRALIA Ltd. Aug. 6, 1963 [Aug. 6, 1962], No. 31050/63. Heading G2H. A method of developing electrostatic images on a base comprises wetting the image surface of the base with an electrically insulating liquid, subjecting a toner member comprising toner particles in a solid matrix to a releasing liquid to free the particles, and contacting the liquid on the base with the releasing liquid whereby toner particles are moved through the liquids to deposit on the image areas on the base. The solid matrix may be formed as a roller or a flat plate and may comprise: (a) a mixture of carbon black and phthalocyanine blue in a rosin ester with polystyrene, gum dammer and a pentaerythritol resin, wetted with chloroform, the base being wetted with turpentine, or (b) the above pigments mixed with an acrylic resin and a hydrogenated rosin, wetted with trichlorethylene, the base being wetted with n-hexane, or (c) phthalocyanine blue in a rosin ester mixed with polystyrene and a pentaerythritol resin, wetted with butyl acetate, the base being wetted with perchlorethylene;the butyl acetate may be replaced by acetone, isopropyl alcohol, nonalol, dioxane, or mixtures of these with hexane, cyclohexane, or heptane.