Patent GB-1248594-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vehicles having forward-reverse drive control
IPC: F16H63/02
Filed: 1968-12-11
Abstract: 1,248,594. Change speed control. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. 11 Dec., 1968 [11 Dec., 1967], No. 58811/68. Heading F2D. A motor-vehicle, particularly one such as a loader or tractor requiring frequent and rapid reversal, with fluid pressure gear shift, has a comparator valve CD which, when the vehicle is travelling in one direction above a predetermined "on-run" speed, and the operator commands a shift to the opposite direction, compares the command signal with the direction of travel, neutralizes the transmission, applies the service brakes, and, when vehicle speed falls below the no-run speed, determined by an output-driven reversible detector pump 22, fed from a single reservoir 152, releases the brakes and engages the reversed drive. The tracked vehicle shown has two speeds in each direction, and a disc-brake for each trackpinion drive, which brakes are applied together for service and selectively for steering, with or without power assistance. The comparator valve CD is in a triple valveblock containing also shift valves F 1 , F 2  and R 1 , R 2  controlling the supply of main pressure M from a chamber 110 to the respective ratioestablishing clutch-packs F 1 , F 2  and R 1 , R 2  at E, not further described, the shift-valves being selectively shifted in the appropriate direction from a spring-centralized neutral position by fluid pressure supplied from the main M through a manual selector valve 20. The ported spool 20a, 20b of the manual valve can be turned in one plane for directional shift, and then moved axially to select the two ratios in each direction by a manual lever, Fig. 3, not shown, moving in a U-gate, the two limbs of the U providing the two forward and two reverse ratios respectively the transverse branch providing three neutral positions, the centre absolute neutral (as shown), the ends neutral but preselecting the direction determined by the adjacent limb. Action of the comparator valve CD is as follows. The valve is maintained in a central position, shown, supplying main pressure M to the shift-valve supply chamber 110, by a combination of spring-load 122, 138 and hydraulic loading on its end faces. Below norun speed the springs overcome any differential hydraulic end loading and maintain the central position permitting unimpeded direction change. Above no-run speed, detector pump pressure 22 is applied to both ends of the comparator valve CD for unimpeded gear shift by fluid pressure shift of the shift valves F 1 , F 2 , R 1 , R 2 , unless a change of direction is selected, whereupon the manual selector valve 20 exhausts one or other end of the comparator valve CD, as detailed below, causing axial movement of the valve CD in one or other direction. This exhausts the chamber 110 supplying the shift valves F 1 , F 2 , R 1 , R 2 , thus neutralizing the transmission, and also exhausts a service-brake release-line 108 causing the brakes to be applied gradually through a one-way restrictor 100. When output speed falls to the no-run value, the consequent fall of detector pump pressure allows the springs 122, 138 to re-centralize the comparator valve CD, restoring main pressure M to the shift-valve supply chamber 110, permitting the reverse shift to be established and the brake-re lease line to be rapidly re-pressurized. In detail this comparator valve action is as follows. With the vehicle running forward or reverse, pressure developed in the appropriate direction by the output-driven detector pump 22 is applied directly to one end of the comparator valve CD through one half of a double checkvalve 102 or 136, according to the direction of pump pressure, and indirectly to the opposite end of the comparator valve CD, through a path including a non-return valve 132 or 156, line J, manual selector valve 20, line R or F according to direction, and the other half of the double non-return valve 102 or 136. If the operator commands a manual shift without change of direction, there is no turning movement of the selector valve 20 and pressure from the line J completes the indirect path to the opposite end of the comparator through the shift-valve 20, as noted above. The comparator valve CD is thereby maintained in hydraulic balance and is without effect. If the operator commands a shift to the opposite direction, the consequent turning of the manual valve 20 disconnects the line J from the line F or R and exhausts that line at D, thus removing the hydraulic load from one end of the comparator valve CD. The latter then moves in the direction of the exhausted end if detector-pump pressure 22, as determined by a pre-set regulator 134 for the desired no-run speed, is above that of the valvecentralizing springs 122, 138. This movement of the comparator valve CD, in either direction, exhausts to an intermediate-pressure lubricating line L, the shift-valve supply chamber 110, thus neutralizing the transmission, and at the same time, exhausting a service-brake release line 108, permitting main pressure M, acting through a one-way restrictor 158, to apply the service-brake gradually through a piston 98. This condition persists until vehicle speed falls below the set no-run value of the detector pump 22 whereupon the springs 122, 138 overcome detector-pump pressure and re-centralize the comparator valve CD, pressurizing the shiftvalve supply-chamber 110 to restore gear-shift, pressure and also brake-release pressure 108, completing the reversal. Restrictors 160, 162 maintain a residual lubricating pressure in the clutch-packs E, when disengaged.