baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-102004001957-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zur Montageerleichterung und Befestigung von Fahrradsätteln
Inventor: RIBEIRO MIRANDA JOAO CARLOS
IPC: B62J1/08
Filed: 2004-01-13
Abstract: Ein Verfahren zur vereinfachten Montage und Befestigung für Fahrradsattel ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Montage durch einfaches Drehen des Sattels um 90 DEG erfolgt, nachdem die Sattelstäbe zwischen einem unteren (9) und einem oberen (11) Klemmstück eingelegt sind, die wiederum durch zwei am unteren Klemmstück (9) sitzende und in das obere Klemmstück (11) eingreifende Zapfen (10) zueinander ausgerichtet werden, ferner das Verspannen der Klemmstücke (9, 11) durch eine Schraube (1) mit Sicherheitshülse (2) und eine Druckfeder (13) erfolgt, wobei die Schraube (1) selbst mit Hilfe einer Spezialmutter angezogen wird. DOLLAR A Der Zeitaufwand zur Montage und zum Befestigen des Sattels beträgt höchstens zwei Sekunden und führt somit zu einer enormen Zeiteinsparung bei der Fahrradmontage. Die Einsparung beträgt immerhin das 30 bis 60fache im Vergleich zum Zeitaufwand von herkömmlichen Verfahren beim Montieren des Tragestutzens an die Sattelstäbe.
Patent DE-102004001959-A1 (DE)
Title: Mittel zur Indentifizierung von Risikopersonen für das Auftreten des Phänomens des "plötzlichen Einschlafens"
Inventor: BRECHT MICHAEL
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 2004-01-13
Abstract: Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Testkit und ein Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Personen, für die ein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten des Phänomens des "plötzlichen Einschlafens" besteht. Der Testkit bzw. das Verfahren beruht dabei auf der Bestimmung des Genotyps des in den zu testenden Personen vorhandenen Dopamin-Rezeptor-D4-Gens. Testkit und Verfahren sind dazu bestimmt, Nebenwirkungen, die bei der medikamentösen Therapie von Parkinson-Patienten auftreten können, besser kontrollieren zu können.
Patent DE-102004004236-A1 (DE)
Title: Oscillating vane propulsion system for boat has two parallel longitudinal members parallel to axis of boat and connected together by swing links and connected to paddle blade by intermediate link
IPC: B63H1/36
Filed: 2004-01-27
Abstract: The frame (1.1) for the oscillating vane boat propulsion system has two parallel longitudinal members (1.2) parallel to the axis of the boat. They move longitudinally in antiphase and their ends are connected together by swing links (1.3). The forward link has a lever which may be connected to an engine. The link at the aft end of the parallel longitudinal members is connected to a paddle blade (1.4) by an intermediate link (1.5). The intermediate link and the paddle blade may be flexible or there may be a pivot (1.6) with a spring (1.7), allowing the intermediate link to move through an angle (alpha).
Patent DE-102004005783-A1 (DE)
Title: Stable depot system for prolonged release of protein or peptide drugs, e.g. insulin, comprising phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and cationic lipids
IPC: A61K9/127
Filed: 2004-02-04
Abstract: A depot system (I), especially for retarded drug release, comprises liposomes containing protein and/or peptide active agent(s), saturated synthetic phosphatidyl choline(s) (PC's), cholesterol and cationic lipid(s), is new. A depot system (I), especially for retarded drug release, comprises liposomes containing: (a) protein and/or peptide active agent(s); (b) saturated synthetic phosphatidyl choline(s) (PC's) selected from dimyristoyl, dipalmitoyl and distearoyl PC's; (c) cholesterol at 35-50 mol. %; and (d) cationic lipid(s) selected from 3beta -(N-(N,N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl)-cholesterol (DAC-Chol), cholesteryl 3beta -N-(dimethylaminoethane)-carbamate (DC-Chol), N-(1-(2,3-dimyristoyloxy)-propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium salt (DMTAP), N-(1-(2,3-dipalmitoyloxy)-propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium salt (DPTAP) and N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)-propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium salt (DOTAP)). Independent claims are included for: (1) the use of depot systems as above for administration of certain active agents other than proteins and/or peptides; and (2) (I) in kit form, optionally together with information for combining the contents of the kit.
Patent DE-102004006503-A1 (DE)
Title: Catch for computer casing, has bolt operating part and pawl located on opposite sides of axle bore for pivot bolt
Inventor: FIETZ RALF-PETER
IPC: E05C19/02
Filed: 2004-02-10
Abstract: The bolt (1) is pivotally mounted in an axle bore (3) and the operating part (2) for the bolt and a pawl (4) are located on opposite sides of the bore, separated by an angle of ca. 180 deg. The ratchet part (5) for cooperating with the pawl has an undercut (8) on the opposite side to that facing the counter-bearing (8) for the pawl. The catch also includes a locking tongue (7). The bolt is secured to a first casing part (9), preferably a lid, and the ratchet part is secured to a second casing part (10), preferably a fixed section of the casing.
Patent DE-102004007248-A1 (DE)
Title: Combustion chamber operating method for gas turbine installation, uses plasma to partially oxidise fuel to form synthesis gas for stabilising combustion reaction
Inventor: CARRONI RICHARD
IPC: F23R3/00
Filed: 2004-02-14
Abstract: Fuel (11) for burning in the chamber (7) is partially oxidised using a plasma to produce synthesis gas for stabilising the combustion reaction. Partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon fuel produces a synthesis gas containing hydrogen. This gas is injected into at least one stabilising zone in the combustion chamber in order to stabilise a combustion reaction taking place in the combustion space (8).
Patent DE-102004007286-A1 (DE)
Title: Earth contact assembly in car for application of cable connection(s), with earth bolt containing at one end securing section(s) for piercing associated car body sheet metal section
Inventor: SCHREIBER SIEGFRIED
IPC: H01R4/06
Filed: 2004-02-14
Abstract: Car earth contact assembly for application of one or more cable connections (2) contains earth bolt (1), whose one end includes securing section (10) for piercing car body sheet metal section (4). Bolt opposite end carries electric contactor (12) for cable connection.Deformation device (3) under sheet metal section deforms bolt securing section, on piercing of sheet metal section to form stable, conductive connection between earth bolt and sheet metal section. INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for car with earth contact assembly.
Patent DE-102004015011-A1 (DE)
Title: Method of suspending and purifying contaminated raw materials for papermaking, initiates contaminant drainage by introduction of pressurized water flow into sieve apparatus
Inventor: MUELLER WOLFGANG
IPC: D21D5/02
Filed: 2004-03-26
Abstract: Draining of the contaminants (R2) is started by introduction of a pressurized water flow (DW) into the sieve apparatus (2). The volumetric flowrate of the water (DW), is preferably set such that the quantity supplied during 5 s of flushing corresponds with the volume of the sieve casing (8). During flushing, 50%-100% of the sieve contents is deposited onto the sorting unit (5). Suspension takes place in a pulper (1), withdrawing acceptable material (A1) via the pulper sieve (12). A side stream (T) is not removed through it. Solids composition of this stream is coarser than that of the A1 stream. The side stream is emptied into the sieve apparatus without interposing a pump. The sieve (3) in the sieve apparatus is kept clear by a central rotor (4). Its drive power is preferably up to 20 kW.m3>, referred to the volume in the casing before the sieve. The sieve apparatus is operated for intervals outside flushing, such that between the central inlet for the side stream and the outlet for contaminants a pressure rise of preferably at most 0.2 bar is produced. Rotary flow is produced in the sieve apparatus; the side stream is fed in centrally. Automatically-adjusted valves (14, 15, 16, 19) control flushing, during which the side flow is blocked. Further details of the circuitry and levels are provided.
Patent DE-102004016002-A1 (DE)
Title: Mounting subassembly like a push-in/pull-out lever for inserting a conductor subassembly in, and removing it from, its support has a retaining device and a releasable locking mechanism
Inventor: MAEHLICH REINHOLD
IPC: H05K7/14
Filed: 2004-04-01
Abstract: A retaining device (10) fits on the front side of a conductor subassembly (4). A lever (12) swivels on a fulcrum (14) in the retaining device. A releasable closing mechanism keeps the lever in its position for engaging in a subassembly support (2) and operates through an interlocking link between the the lever and the retaining device. An independent claim is also included for a method for inserting a conductor subassembly in, and removing it from, its support.
Patent DE-102004022399-A1 (DE)
Title: Partikel enthaltende silanvernetzbare Beschichtungsformulierungen
Inventor: STANJEK VOLKER
IPC: C09D183/04
Filed: 2004-05-06
Abstract: Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Beschichtungsfomulierungen (B), enthaltend DOLLAR A a) Prepolymere (A), welche über Alkoxysilanfunktionen der allgemeinen Formel (5) DOLLAR A -X-CH¶2¶-Si(OR·2·)¶3-m¶R·1·¶m¶ DOLLAR A verfügen, wobei DOLLAR A R·1· Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl-, Aryl- oder Arylalkylrest mit jeweils 1 bis 12 C-Atomen, wobei die Kohlenstoffkette durch nicht benachbarte Sauerstoff-, Schwefel- oder NR·3·-Gruppen unterbrochen sein kann, DOLLAR A R·2· Wasserstoff, Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- oder Arylrest mit jeweils 1 bis 6 C-Atomen, wobei die Kohlenstoffkette durch nicht benachbarte Sauerstoff-, Schwefel- oder NR·3·-Gruppen unterbrochen sein kann, DOLLAR A R·3· Wasserstoff, Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl-, Arylalkyl-, Aryl-, Aminoalkyl- oder Aspartatsäureesterrest, DOLLAR A X Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder ein sekundäres oder tertiäres Stickstoffatom bedeuten und DOLLAR A m eine Zahl 0, 1 oder 2 darstellt, und DOLLAR A b) Partikel (P), welche Atome, die ausgewählt werden aus Metallatomen und Siliciumatomen, und Sauerstoffatome umfassen und welche auf ihrer Oberfläche über Funktionen (F) verfügen, mit denen sie gegebenenfalls zusammen mit Wasser mit den Funktionen der allgemeinen Formel (5) reagieren können.
Patent DE-102004022548-A1 (DE)
Title: Discharge sleeve used in water dispenser, includes discharge pipe through which water flows, and air-permeable silver materials or silver fibers arranged inside discharge pipe
Inventor: SAMSON RAINER
IPC: B67D1/00
Filed: 2004-05-05
Abstract: The discharge sleeve includes a discharge pipe (1) through which water flows. Air-permeable silver materials or silver fibers (3) are arranged inside the discharge pipe. The silver materials are arranged in moist condition opposite the opening (6) of the discharge pipe. An independent claim is also included for the water dispenser using the discharge sleeve.
Patent DE-102004023085-A1 (DE)
Inventor: BAUER HARALD
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 2004-05-11
Abstract: Diorganylphosphinic acid-salts and/or diorganyldiphosphinic acid-salts and/or their polymers (A) are new. Diorganylphosphinic acid-salts of formula (I) and/or diorganyldiphosphinic acid-salts of formula (II) and/or their polymers (A) are new (where the total content to the partially water-soluble, ionisable compounds and the water-soluble content of the partially water soluble, ionisable compounds amounts to about 8200 to 100 ppm (preferably 7000 to 200 ppm)). R 1>, R 2>1-6C alkyl and/or aryl; R 3>1-10C alkylene, 6-10C arylene, 6-10C alkylarylene or 6-10C arylalkylene; M : Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogenbase; and m, n, x : 1-4. Independent claims are also included for: (1) the preparation of (A); and (2) use of diorganylphosphinic acid salt (I) as flame protective agents or in flame protective composition (preferably in polymers) or for the production of flame-protective polymer molding materials, -films, -threads and -fibers.
Patent DE-102004027744-A1 (DE)
Title: Connection for electric motor used for driving a pump, has terminal box with lockable cap, formed on motor body, such that instead of cap, electronic component mounted electronic casing is fixed on adapter plate
Inventor: HUEBNER JUERGEN
IPC: H02K5/22
Filed: 2004-06-07
Abstract: The connection comprises a terminal box (2) with lockable cap formed outside motor body (1). An adapter plate (5) is screwed on terminal box on which, instead of a cap, an electronic component mounted electronic casing (11) can be fastened. The adapter plate has an opening (7) for motor cable and a connector (10) which mates with push-pull plug (12) on electronic casing.
Patent DE-102004033536-A1 (DE)
Title: Gehäuse aus feuerhemmendem Material
Inventor: SCHUBERT BORIS
IPC: F16M1/00
Filed: 2004-07-09
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gehäuse (1) aus feuerhemmendem Material (15, 16, 17, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 46, 61, 62, 63) mit einer Rückwand (2), zwei Seitenwänden (3, 4), einer oberen Deckenwand (5) und einer unteren Bodenwand (6) sowie einer herausnehmbaren oder drehbar gelagerten Tür (7). Erfindungsgemäß weist das Gehäuse (1) in einem Brandfall auslösende endotherme Mittel (38) auf.
Patent DE-102004038054-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zur Herstellung primärer Alkohole
Inventor: GROEGER HARALD
IPC: A23L27/00
Filed: 2004-08-05
Abstract: Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von primären Alkoholen aus Aldehyden mit Hilfe von Ganzzellkatalysatoren oder isolierten Enzymen. Zum Einsatz kommen eine Alkoholdehydrogenase sowie ein zur Cofaktorregenerierung befähigtes Enzym, wobei vorzugsweise für die Umsetzung eine Substratkonzentration von > 150 mM Aldehyd vorliegen kann.
Patent DE-102004040130-A1 (DE)
Inventor: ERNST PETER
IPC: F21S8/04
Filed: 2004-08-18
Abstract: The lighting device has a housing (1) containing a light source (3). The reflector (4, 5) is made in at least two parts: a primary reflector (4) and a secondary reflector (5). The two reflectors are arranged with the light source between them. The light source has a louver (R), which carries the primary reflector, so that this reflector can be more easily changed.
Patent DE-102004040476-A1 (DE)
Title: Kapazitäts-Steuerventil
Inventor: UEMURA NORIO
IPC: F04B27/18
Filed: 2004-08-20
Abstract: Ein Kapazitäts-Steuerventil wird in einen Strömungsweg, der eine Auslasskammer (58) und eine Kurbelkammer (16) eines verstellbaren Kompressors miteinander verbindet, eingesetzt und mit einer Ventileinheit (86) und einer Antriebseinheit (88) versehen. Die Ventileinheit (86) weist ein Ventilelement (130) zum Öffnen/Schließen des Strömungswegs oder eines Ventildurchgangs (132) der Ventileinheit (86) auf. Die Antriebseinheit (88) weist einen beweglichen Kern oder Kolben (158) zum Bewegen des Ventilelements (130) und einen Weg (174, 180, 182, 184) auf, der in dem Kolben (158) ausgebildet ist und Kammern (161, 163) miteinander verbindet, die auf beiden Seiten des Kolbens (158) angeordnet sind.
Patent DE-102004040943-A1 (DE)
Title: Selective deposition of high-k dielectric on a semiconductor surface, using atomic layer deposition, deposits the material on a specific surface zone in a number of cycles
Inventor: SEIDL HARALD
IPC: H01L21/316
Filed: 2004-08-24
Abstract: For the selective deposition of a layer (4) of HfO 2 or Al 2O 3 on the surface (OF) of a silicon semiconductor substrate (1), using atomic layer deposition (ALD), the surface zones (2,3) are prepared differently using a photo varnish mask. In the first zone (2), the layer is deposited on a layer (6) of SiO 2 by ALD in a 4-20 cycles and preferably 10 cycles. The second zone (3) carries islands (5) of coating material.
Patent DE-102004041892-A1 (DE)
Title: Trench transistor with cell field containing several active cell field trenches and several edge trenches, each surrounding cell field, at least partly, or located adjacent to cell field
Inventor: ZUNDEL MARKUS
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 2004-08-30
Abstract: Trench transistor comprises cell field with several cell field trenches (2) and at least one edge trench (51,52) adjacent to cell field. Sum of widths of all m esa regions (24,25), between last cell field trench and between different edge trenches, at least partly cleaned in blocked state, is specified.Sum of widths lies in region of 0 to 0.7 times of mesa width between two adjacent active cell field trenches, typically 0.5 times. Trench transistor may contain two edge trenches with specified spacing between last cell field trench and first edge trench. INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for edge structure forming method.
Patent DE-102004044728-A1 (DE)
Title: Servolenksystem
Inventor: SUGIYAMA YOSHITAKA
IPC: B62D5/04
Filed: 2004-09-15
Abstract: Ein Servolenksystem umfasst einen hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder, eine hydraulische Pumpe zum Liefern eines Öldrucks zum hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder, einen Elektromotor zum Antreiben der hydraulischen Pumpe, einen ersten Detektor zum Erfassen einer auf ein Lenkrad aufzubringenden Lenkunterstützungskraft, einen zweiten Detektor zum Erfassen eines Betriebszustands des Elektromotors und eine Steuereinheit. Die Steuereinheit umfasst einen Steuerabschnitt zum Steuern des Elektromotors auf der Basis der vom ersten Detektor erfassten erforderlichen Lenkunterstützungskraft, um zu bewirken, dass die hydraulische Pumpe einen erforderlichen Öldruck erzeugt, und einen Feststellungsabschnitt zum Feststellen auf der Basis des Betriebszustands des Elektromotors und der vom ersten Detektor erfassten erforderlichen Lenkunterstützungskraft, ob das Servolenksystem anomal ist oder nicht.
Patent DE-102004045767-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Leuchtdiode unter Verwendung von Metall-Substrat und Metall-Klebe-Technologie und Struktur dieser
Inventor: CHANG PAN-TZU
IPC: H01L29/06
Filed: 2004-09-21
Abstract: Beschrieben wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Leuchtdiode unter Verwendung des Metall-Substrats und der Metall-Klebe-Technologie. Das Verfahren umfasst die Schritte Bereitstellen eines Aufwachs-Substrats (10), Ausbilden einer mehrlagigen Halbleiter-Struktur (1) auf dem Aufwachs-Substrat (10), Kleben eines Metall-Substrats (13) an die mehrlagige Halbleiter-Struktur (11), Entfernen des Aufwachs-Substrats (10) und Ausbilden einer ersten Elektrode und einer zweiten Elektrode jeweils auf der mehrlagigen Halbleiter-Struktur (11) und dem Metall-Substrat (13).
Patent DE-102004047715-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren, Vorrichtung und von einem Rechner auslesbare Medien zum Durchführen von Perfusionsuntersuchungen
Inventor: WANG GE
IPC: A61B6/00
Filed: 2004-09-30
Abstract: Zu einem Verfahren zum Druchführen einer Perfusionsuntersuchung gehören die Schritte: Durchführen eines anfänglichen vollen Scandurchlaufs (100) an einem interessierenden Bereich in einem Objekt (22) und Durchführen wenigstens eines nachfolgenden partiellen Scandurchlaufs (102) an dem interessierenden Bereich, um die Bewegung eines Kontrastmittels zu erfassen.
Patent DE-102004047903-A1 (DE)
Title: Intake system for an internal combustion engine, especially in a motor vehicle, comprises a pipe guiding fresh air that is provided with a device for separating solid and/or liquid particles from the fresh air
Inventor: ANWENDER DIRK
IPC: F02M35/022
Filed: 2004-09-29
Abstract: Intake system (1) for an internal combustion engine, especially in a motor vehicle, comprises a pipe (2) guiding fresh air (3) that is provided with a device (4) for separating solid and/or liquid particles from the fresh air. An independent claim is also included for a separating device, especially a mist collector, suitable for a fresh air tract or intake system.
Patent DE-102004048185-A1 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Einsichtnahmesystems und Fahrzeug mit einem elektronischen Einsichtnahmesystem
Inventor: LAUFER MARTIN
IPC: B60R1/10
Filed: 2004-09-30
Abstract: Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines elektronischen Einsichtnahmesystems (11) eines Fahrzeugs zur Einsichtnahme des Fahrzeugführers auf den beanspruchten Fahrweg mit zumindest zwei optischen Sensoren (01), einer Bildanzeigeeinheit (10) und einer Detektoreinrichtung (03), wobei mittels der Detektoreinrichtung (03) der Bewegungszustand des Fahrzeugs detektierbar ist und wobei die Auswahl der auf der Bildanzeigeeinheit (10) dargestellten von den optischen Sensoren (01) generierten Bilder vom Bewegungszustand des Fahrzeugs abhängig getroffen werden kann.
Patent DE-102004052377-A1 (DE)
Title: Service e.g. courier, switching method, involves determining position of service caller with position of its mobile telephone, determining position of service caller at next convenient service provider with position of its telephone
Inventor: WILLKOMM CHRISTOPH
IPC: H04W4/029
Filed: 2004-10-28
Abstract: The method involves locating a mobile telephone with a service caller and another telephone with a service provider. A computer initiates the switching of services through the caller by a telephone number. The position of the caller is determined with the position of its telephone. The position of the caller is determined at next convenient service provider with the position of its telephone, which are connected together.
Patent DE-102004054059-A1 (DE)
Title: Sensor device with flange fixture, e.g. for motor vehicle wheel speed sensor, has electrical module and sleeve accommodating flange welded together
Inventor: SKARPIL HARRY
IPC: G01D5/12
Filed: 2004-11-05
Abstract: The sensor device has a sleeve which accommodates a flange component for externally attaching the sensor device, and an electrical module with an electrical connector for the sensor device. The electrical module and the sleeve are welded together. The sleeve and the flange component are preferably connected together to form a single component. An independent claim is included for a method of manufacturing a sensor device.
Patent DE-102004056719-A1 (DE)
Title: Cookware and food container e.g. dish, cover holding device, has retaining units for keeping cooking cutlery, and collecting unit for catching dripping off food which is capable of flowing
Inventor: STEPHAN DANIEL
IPC: A47J36/06
Filed: 2004-11-19
Abstract: The device has a knob (1) connected with a cover for removing by hand. Retaining units (2,3) are provided for keeping of a cooking cutlery e.g. soup ladle. A collecting unit is provided at the lower side of the device and connected with the top side of a food container cover, catches the dripping off food which is capable of flowing. The retaining unit (3) lies with its longitudinal opening, in the direction of the collecting unit.
Patent DE-102004057573-A1 (DE)
Title: Hydraulic three way directional control valve, has actuating unit including magnetic core that is partially arranged inside coil of actuating unit, and valve unit operatively connected to actuating unit
Inventor: GOLOVATAI-SCHMIDT EDUARD
IPC: F16K11/00
Filed: 2004-11-30
Abstract: The valve has an actuating unit (1), and a valve unit operatively connected to the actuating unit. The valve unit, in which a valve component (9) is displaceable by the actuating unit, and a tappet controls connections between ducts of the valve unit carrying hydraulic pressure medium. The actuating unit includes a magnetic core that is partially arranged inside a coil of the actuating unit.
Patent DE-102004057680-A1 (DE)
Title: Magnetically inductive flow rate sensor function monitoring method for industry, involves monitoring sensor function based on receive signal induced by temporally changing magnetic field in coil serving as receiver
Inventor: BUDMIGER THOMAS
IPC: G01F1/58
Filed: 2004-11-29
Abstract: The method involves generating a temporally changing magnetic field by a coil (3) of a flow rate sensor, where the coil serves as a magnetic field generator. The sensor function is monitored based on a receive signal induced by the field in another coil (5) serving as the receiver. The induced voltage is proportional to a cross section of a measuring tube via which medium whose flow rate is to be measured flows. An independent claim is also included for a magnetically inductive flow rate sensor.