baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2019071423-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for intelligent control of bathroom light/fan/heater device in dry and wet areas
Inventor: LIAN SHIZHAO
IPC: A61H33/06
Filed: 2017-10-10
Abstract: A method for intelligent control of a bathroom light/fan/heater device in dry and wet areas, comprising: dividing the use of the dry and wet areas by a user into five stages, each stage controlling the temperature, lighting, and ventilation in the wet and dry areas, separately; comparing the real-time ambient temperature of the wet and dry areas with a preset heating temperature, then increasing or decreasing the temperature; using different ventilation modes in the dry and wet areas according to different use stages of the user; and by means of switching between cold- and warm-light lamps, indicating to the user the time for either showering or exiting the shower, thereby implementing the intelligent control process for user activity in the dry and wet areas. During use, the user does not have to manually switch between alternate heating and ventilation processes in the dry and wet areas, thereby not causing electrical shock; and the user is given indications by means of light switching, ensuring an appropriate temperature and smooth air circulation in the dry and wet areas, thereby improving user comfort.
Patent WO-2019061695-A1 (WO)
Title: Tool feeding depth adjustment mechanism for bending machine and bending machine
Inventor: LIAO YAN
IPC: B21D11/22
Filed: 2017-11-08
Abstract: A tool feeding depth adjustment mechanism for a bending machine, comprising a rotating cover (10), a stopper (20), a screw (30), an adjusting nut (50) and a driving component; the rotating cover (10) is provided with a sealed end and an open end, and the stopper (20) is fixed on a rack of a bending machine; one end of the screw (30) is inserted into the rotating cover (10), and another end extends outside of the rotating cover (10) by means of the open end of the rotating cover, the screw (30) passing through the stopper (20) and being connected to a sliding block of the bending machine; the adjusting nut (50) is mounted within the rotating cover (10) and is threadedly screwed with the screw (30), and the rotating cover may drive the adjusting nut to rotate about the screw and cause the adjusting nut to move up and down along the screw; the driving component is connected to the sealed end of the rotating cover; an end of the adjusting nut (50) that is close to the stopper (20) is provided with a limiting projection (51), and an end of the stopper that is close to the adjusting nut (50) is provided with a limiting groove (21) that matches the size of the limiting projection (51). Further disclosed is a bending machine. The tool feeding depth adjustment mechanism for a bending machine may prevent an eccentric load from occurring between the adjusting nut and the stopper, and prevent the screw being subjected to a non-axial force from influencing the service life of the screw.
Patent WO-2018184395-A1 (WO)
Title: Systèmes et procédés de recommandation d'activité
Inventor: YE ZHOU
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 2017-11-28
Abstract: La présente invention se rapporte à des systèmes et à des procédés permettant de faire fonctionner une plate-forme de service en ligne à la demande. Les systèmes peuvent mettre en œuvre les procédés : pour déterminer une ou plusieurs règles de recommandation pour une ou plusieurs activités à recommander à un ou plusieurs utilisateurs candidats; pour déterminer, pour l'activité ou pour chacune des activités, un ou plusieurs objets prédéfinis pour l'activité à obtenir concernant le ou les utilisateurs candidats; pour déterminer, pour l'activité ou pour chacune des activités, une probabilité d'achèvement que l'utilisateur candidat ou que chacun des utilisateurs candidats va achever le ou les objets prédéfinis de l'activité; et pour déterminer, pour l'activité ou pour chacune des activités, au moins un utilisateur cible parmi le ou les utilisateurs candidats pour envoyer une notice de l'activité sur la base de la ou des probabilités d'achèvement et de la ou des règles de recommandation.
Patent WO-2019109366-A1 (WO)
Title: 利用承载气体进行磷化物原位注入合成的方法
Inventor: SUN NIEFENG
IPC: C01B25/08
Filed: 2017-12-11
Abstract: 一种利用承载气体进行磷化物原位注入合成的方法，涉及半导体晶体的合成方法，步骤A、通过承载气体进气管(5)向炉体(1)内通入惰性保护气体；步骤B、对炉体(1)内的坩埚(2)进行加热使坩埚(2)内预合成的原料熔化；步骤C、通过承载气体进气管(5)向炉体(1)内通入加热后的惰性保护气体；步骤D、将装载有红磷的磷源炉(4)向下移动直至磷源炉(4)上的注入管(4-4)没入熔体中；步骤E、磷源炉(4)对红磷进行加热并产生磷气体，磷气体与惰性保护气体混合后通过注入管(4-4)注入到熔体(1)中，磷气体与熔体反应生成磷化物；步骤F、合成完毕后关闭各装置。在合成过程中，通过承载气体进气管(5)通入惰性保护气体使得磷气体平稳的注入熔体，防止挥发元素气体被完全吸收后熔体倒吸入磷源炉(42)。
Patent WO-2018113785-A1 (WO)
Title: 含呋喃交联基团的聚合物及其应用
Inventor: PAN JUNYOU
IPC: C07D307/78
Filed: 2017-12-22
Abstract: 一种含呋喃交联基团的聚合物及其在有机电子器件中的应用。一种含呋喃交联基团的聚合物，具有如下通式（I）：其中，x和y分别表示重复单元，且x和y均是正整数；式（A）和式（B）分别独立选自含有5个-40个环原子的芳基及含有5个-40个环原子的杂芳基中的一种；式（C）是连接基团，式（C）选自烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯基、炔基、芳烷基及杂烷基中的一种；R 2 、R 3 及R 4 分别独立选自H、D、F、CN、烷基、氟代烷基、芳基、杂芳基、氨基、Si、甲锗基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟代烷氧基、硅氧烷、甲硅烷氧基、氘代烷基、氘代氟代的烷基、氘代芳基、氘代杂芳基、氘代氨基、氘代硅基、氘代甲锗基、氘代烷氧基、氘代芳氧基、氘代氟代烷氧基、氘代硅氧烷及氘代甲硅烷氧基的一种。
Patent WO-2019000891-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and device for establishing calculation model for pcb additional feeding rate
Inventor: GONG LIJUN
IPC: G06F17/50
Filed: 2017-12-29
Abstract: A method and device for establishing a calculation model for a printed circuit board (PCB) additional feeding rate, the method comprising: extracting parameter data relevant to a PCB additional feeding rate and data screening the relevant parameter data to obtain initial parameter data (S101); analyzing the data distribution characteristics of each initial parameter among the initial parameter data according to the initial parameter data, and evaluating the correlation between the initial parameter and the PCB additional feeding rate and the significance thereof according to the initial parameter data so as to obtain an overall prediction result for the each initial parameter, wherein the overall prediction result comprises overall distribution information and overall change rule information as well as a correlation factor and a significance factor (S102); performing regression analysis by combining the initial parameter data and the overall prediction result so as to obtain each final retention parameter relevant to the PCB additional feeding rate and a parameter factor thereof (S103); and determining a calculation model for the PCB additional feeding rate according to the each final retention parameter and the each parameter factor (S104). The calculation model for the PCB additional feeding rate may be used for the prediction of a PCB order additional feeding rate, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of PCB order additional feeding rate prediction.
Patent WO-2019100541-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHEN CHENG
IPC: A61K36/539
Filed: 2018-01-25
Abstract: 一种调理肠胃功能酵素的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)取葡萄柚15～20份制得葡萄柚果汁和葡萄柚皮粉末；取麦芽10～20份加入酵母菌得到麦芽发酵液，将麦芽发酵液与葡萄柚果汁混匀，按总液质量的6～8％加入膨润土，调节pH至1～2，搅拌浸提1～3h后离心去除沉淀，得到提取液；(2)取黄芩根15～20份煎煮1.5～2h，离心得到黄芩提取液；按黄芩提取液的质量比加入1.0％蛋白胨，0.05％氯化钠，调节pH为7.0～8.6得到黄芩发酵液I，接种纳豆菌菌液和鼠李糖乳杆菌菌液摇床发酵4～6d，得到黄芩发酵液II；(3)取菜籽饼粕10～20份、茶饼粕10～20份混匀得到饼粕粉；将葡萄柚皮粉末、饼粕粉混匀，得到发酵液III；(4)发酵液III接种枯草芽孢杆菌菌液和黑曲霉菌液发酵6～7天后，加入提取液和黄芩发酵液II，同时加入壳聚糖溶液，混匀继续发酵6～7天后，过滤，高压灭菌，冷却后即得。
Patent WO-2018133719-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WEI LAI
IPC: G01N22/04
Filed: 2018-01-10
Abstract: Disclosed are a workpiece and a method for monitoring water content of a lubricant thereof, wherein the monitoring method comprises a water content sensing unit (10) being provided in the workpiece and exposed in a lubricant inside the workpiece, the water content sensing unit (10) and a radio frequency tag (20) being located in one and the same circuit (S1), the electrical property of the water content sensing unit (10) changing along with changes in the water content of the lubricant, and the electrical property comprising at least one of resistance, inductance and capacitance; determining a correlation between a frequency-related parameter of the radio frequency tag (20) and the water content in the lubricant (S2); acquiring the actual frequency of the radio frequency tag (20) (S3); and according to the correlation and the actual frequency, determining the actual water content of the lubricant (S4). The method for monitoring the water content of the lubricant of the workpiece can realise online monitoring of the water content of a lubricant inside a bearing.
Patent WO-2019140622-A1 (WO)
Title: Woollen yarn processing apparatus
Inventor: WANG XUEMING
IPC: B65H67/04
Filed: 2018-01-19
Abstract: Disclosed is a woollen yarn processing apparatus, comprising a frame (1), and an ironing and straightening device, a yarn cutting device, a yarn winding device and a wound yarn conveying device, which are fixed on the frame (1). A T-shaped fixing stand (3) for fixing a sweater is arranged on the frame (1); the ironing and straightening device comprises a power line (4), a plug (5), a water injection tube (6), a water injection hole (7), a steam outlet (8), a first support rod (9), an incoming yarn electric heating tube (10) and an ironing box (11), and is used for ironing and straightening woollen yarns; the yarn cutting device comprises a first drive electric motor (12), a first rotary shaft (12-1), a protruding block (12-2) and a pair of scissors (13), and automatically cuts woollen yarns; the yarn winding device comprises a second drive electric motor (16), a second rotary shaft (16-1), a redundant drive electric motor (17), a third rotary shaft (17-1), a first roller (16-2), a reel (18), a belt (19) and a fourth support rod (20); and the wound yarn conveying device comprises a fifth support rod (21), an active counter sensor (22), a passive counter sensor (23), an electric pan-tilt (24) and a PLC (25), realizes the replacement of fully wound yarns of the reel (18), and also conveys finished woollen yarns to a finished product box (32). The apparatus has a small volume, various functions and a high degree of automation, processed woollen yarns are not bent, the efficiency of disconnecting yarns from each other is improved, and the woollen yarns are not easily tangled and knotted.
Patent WO-2018177025-A1 (WO)
Title: 杆式清洗组件及其吸尘器
Inventor: ZHANG ZHIWEI
IPC: A47L9/00
Filed: 2018-02-02
Abstract: 一种杆式清洗组件及其吸尘器，其中，杆式清洗组件包括一杆体（100），杆体（100）包括用于与地刷（2000）的吸入口相连的吸管（110），回收污水的回收桶（120）以及提供清洁液体的溶液桶（130），杆体（100）上端设有主机接头（200），下端设有地刷接头（300），吸管（110）的内腔中设有一条以上分隔筋（1101），将内腔分隔成两个以上腔室风道。通过分隔筋（1101）将吸管（110）分隔成多风道，不但增加了水行走的贴壁爬行面积，同时保证了风道中被分隔的多个腔室中的各个腔室空气流速均匀，且腔室之间互不干涉；提升了清洗组件及吸尘器的吸水效率；同时使得产品更美观、简洁。
Patent WO-2019061990-A1 (WO)
Title: User intention prediction method, electronic device, and computer readable storage medium
Inventor: AN XIN
IPC: G06Q10/04
Filed: 2018-02-10
Abstract: Disclosed is a user intention prediction method. The method comprises the steps of: establishing user features and inbound call log features; creating, by means of a predetermined classification algorithm, a predetermined number of classification models for the user features and the inbound call log features of a specific user to obtain the classification models, and obtaining classification probabilities returned by the classification models; and performing sorting according to the classification probabilities returned by the classification models, and selecting the classification with the highest probability to predict a service intention of the specific user. The present invention can improve the efficiency and accuracy of user intention prediction.
Patent WO-2019157654-A1 (WO)
Inventor: JIANG YUZHEN
IPC: A61C17/34
Filed: 2018-02-13
Abstract: 一种电动牙刷，由刷头和刷柄连接构成，刷头包括刷头外壳（310）、刷毛头一体结构件、电动传导轴（402）及相连接的齿轮轴（401），刷柄包括刷柄外壳（320）、电机（450）以及配件。刷毛头一体结构件是由刷毛托及刷毛经过至少两次注塑制成。刷毛头使用热塑性材质一体成型制成，使得刷毛根部完全密封，易清理且细菌难以容身；又因热塑性材料的橡皮擦效应在生产良好清洁、抛光效果的同时避免对牙龈、牙釉质的刮擦和磨损。
Patent WO-2018201777-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种功率控制方法及终端设备
Inventor: YOU CHUNHUA
IPC: H04W52/14
Filed: 2018-02-13
Abstract: 本发明公开一种功率控制方法及终端设备，解决现有技术中针对同一信道不存在具体的功率调节机制，从而导致一些业务需求没办法满足的问题。方法包括终端设备确定至少两份资源，至少两份资源在时域上存在第一重叠区域，并且每一份资源在所述第一重叠区域对应一个第一功率；若至少两份资源对应同一种物理信道，并且至少两份资源在第一重叠区域对应的第一功率之和大于最大功率，根据至少两份资源每一份的优先级确定每一份资源的功率因子；其中，基于功率因子将每一份资源在所述重叠区域的第一功率进行调整后的功率之和小于或等于所述最大功率，并且所述至少两份资源中优先级高的资源的功率因子大，优先级低的资源的功率因子小。
Patent WO-2019104929-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHEN YONGHUA
IPC: F16G15/08
Filed: 2018-04-11
Abstract: 一种水下承拉电转环，包括外部密封壳体、内部转动承重传输装置及线缆保护密封装置。外部密封壳体包括底托（2）、润滑耐磨片（3）、骨架油封（4）、筒体（5）、上封盖（12）、密封圈（10）和连接螺栓（11）；内部转动承重传输装置包括底托中轴（204）、垫片（7）、限位套环（6）、推力球轴承（8）、开口螺母（13）和滑环（15）；线缆保护密封装置包括缆线保护螺丝（19）、压紧中空螺栓（17）和密封胶垫（18）；内部转动承重传输装置位于填充了液体的外部密封壳体内。水下承拉电转环保证上下信号传输的同时，可卸去扭转载荷，壳体内充满液体，既可实现润滑，又避免了壳体因外压变形。
Patent WO-2018214668-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LI ZHIJIAN
IPC: A45C5/04
Filed: 2018-04-13
Abstract: 一种便于充电的箱或包，它包括箱体或包体，它还包括设置于所述箱体或包体内部的储电装置和通过电线与该储电装置相连接的用于给数码设备充电的充电头，所述充电头设置在箱体或包体的内部和/或外部。克服了现有箱包功能单一，不方便给数码产品随时充电的缺点，具有能随时对通讯设备进行充电的优点。
Patent WO-2018196774-A1 (WO)
Title: 基座支架及具有其的空调器
Inventor: WANG CHUNJIE
IPC: F24F13/32
Filed: 2018-04-25
Abstract: 一种基座支架（10）及具有其的空调器，基座支架（10）为空调室内机的基座（100）的组成部件，包括至少一个支架本体（1），支架本体（1）的两端分别与基座（100）的其他部件和/或其他支架本体（1）可拆卸连接。这样可以实现基座（100）中与支架本体（1）可拆卸连接的其他部件的通用化，在面对不同冷量段的需求时，只需改变支架本体（1）的长度或数量即可，不需根据不同冷量段的需求来使用不同大小的模具来生产与支架本体（1）可拆卸连接的基座（100）的其他部件，进而可以至少降低其他部件的模具成本，从而降低整个基座（100）在模具方面的成本。
Patent WO-2019015375-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and system for parsing low-information entropy data
Inventor: TANG HONG
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 2018-05-02
Abstract: The present application relates to a method and system for parsing low-information entropy data, the method comprising: obtaining low-information entropy data from a specified entrance; detecting features of the low-information entropy data by using a data feature recognition rule; obtaining an atomic cutting rule according to the features; performing atomic cutting on the low-information entropy data according to the atomic cutting rule so as to obtain data atomic blocks; and computing and matching the data atomic blocks by using an atomic parsing rule so as to obtain a matching result. The present application first sets up an atomic parsing rule file, calls several parsing strategies in the atomic parsing rule file, and matches data with a rule in an atomic concurrent processing manner so as to obtain a matching result, such that a data processing time is only related to the number of rules and the maximum number of concurrences, and is not related to the rule complexity, thereby solving the problem of the matching efficiency of low-information entropy data rules, facilitating operation, efficiently completing the matching of data rules and making operation convenient.
Patent WO-2018205977-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种高效的基因工程载体
Inventor: JIANG YOUWEI
IPC: C12N15/11
Filed: 2018-05-10
Abstract: 提供了具有5'-A1-B1-C-B2-A2-D-3'或5'-D-A1-B1-C-B2-A2-3'所示结构的核苷酸构建物，其中A1、A2是同向重复序列，B1、B2是反向重复序列，C是标记基因，D是外源基因表达盒。还提供了包含该核苷酸构建物的表达载体及其宿主细胞，该核苷酸构建物及载体通过两次重组将外源基因整合在基因组中，循环使用选择标记，专一性地破坏基因组中靶基因的表达，或者保持靶基因的正常表达。
Patent WO-2019200661-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SUN GUOQING
IPC: F02M37/08
Filed: 2018-05-24
Abstract: Petite pompe à carburant externe sûre, se rapportant au domaine technique des raccords de moteur et comprenant un corps de couvercle supérieur (1), une coque inférieure (2), un tuyau d'entrée de carburant (11), un tuyau de sortie de carburant (12), et un tuyau d'échappement (13), ainsi qu'un corps de pompe, une soupape de retournement (6), un clapet de retenue (7), un élément filtrant (8) et une soupape de pression (9) qui sont situés entre le corps de couvercle supérieur (1) et la coque inférieure (2). Le clapet de retenue (7) est disposé dans le tuyau d'entrée de carburant (11). Une sortie de carburant du corps de pompe est en communication avec le tuyau de sortie de carburant (12). La soupape de retournement (6) est en communication avec le tuyau d'échappement (13) et est utilisée pour commander l'ouverture et la fermeture du tuyau d'échappement (13) pour offrir une protection en cas de retournement. La partie centrale du tuyau de sortie de carburant (12) est en communication avec la soupape de pression (9) au moyen d'un orifice de retour de carburant (16), et l'élément filtrant (8) est disposé entre l'orifice de retour de carburant (16) et la soupape de pression (9). La soupape de pression (9) est utilisée pour maintenir la stabilité de la pression de carburant dans le tuyau de sortie de carburant (12). La petite pompe à carburant externe sûre est de conception de structure compacte, la taille globale de la pompe à carburant est plus petite, l'universalité est élevée, et la pompe à carburant est plus facile à utiliser en combinaison avec divers types de moteurs. De plus, la prévention de reflux du clapet de retenue (7), la fonction de sécurité de la soupape de retournement (6) et la fonction de maintien d'équilibre de pression de la soupape de pression (9) améliorent considérablement la sécurité globale et la fiabilité de la pompe à carburant.
Patent WO-2019001189-A1 (WO)
Title: Steam treatment device applied to steam cooking utensil
Inventor: XIE SHUIWANG
IPC: A47J36/38
Filed: 2018-05-25
Abstract: A steam treatment device applied to a steam cooking utensil, being configured to cooperate with a steam cooking utensil body; the steam cooking utensil body comprises a sealed box body (1), a heating device provided in the box body (1), a water inlet passage and a water outlet passage in communication with the box body (1), and a steam exhaust port for discharging steam; characterized in that, the steam treatment device comprises a steam condensing device provided outside of the box body (1) and in communication with the steam exhaust port, a water outlet of the steam condensing device being in communication with the inside of the box body (1) to reuse condensed water, or being in communication with the outside of the steam cooking utensil to discharge condensed water; alternatively the steam cooking utensil further comprises a recovery water tank which fits the steam cooking utensil body and is independent of the steam cooking utensil body, the water outlet of the steam condensing device being in communication with the inside of the recovery water tank.
Patent WO-2018233696-A1 (WO)
Title: Coumarin-like cyclic compound as mek inhibitor and use thereof
Inventor: MAO QINGHUA
IPC: C07D413/12
Filed: 2018-06-22
Abstract: Disclosed are a class of coumarin-like cyclic compounds as MEK inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and the use of same in the preparation of a drug for treating MEK-related diseases. Particularly disclosed are compounds as shown in formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or tautomers thereof.
Patent WO-2019047600-A1 (WO)
Title: Coating device
Inventor: ZHOU FEIJI
IPC: G03F7/16
Filed: 2018-06-28
Abstract: A coating device comprises: a first storage tank (20) for storing a coating material; coating tubing (100) connected to the first storage tank (20) via a first pipeline (1); and a gas output device (30) for outputting a first pressurized gas, wherein the gas output device (30) comprises a first gas output pipeline (2) extending into the first storage tank (20). The gas output device (30) is capable of outputting gas into the first storage tank (20) via the first gas output pipeline (2), such that the coating material is extruded under the pressure of the gas, and enters the coating tubing (100) via the first pipeline (1). The first storage tank (20) for storing the coating material is connected to the coating tubing (100), and the gas output device (30) extrudes gas pressure on the coating material in the first storage tank (20). The invention ensures that pressure remains constant during a repair process, so as to automatically control the pressure application process, thereby resolving the issues of long repair times and easily clogged coating tubing caused by manual control of the pressure extruded on the coating material.
Patent WO-2019019966-A1 (WO)
Title: Data processing device, system and method
Inventor: LI GANG
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 2018-07-23
Abstract: A data processing device (11, 12), system and method. The device comprises: a data receiving module (113) being configured to receive a serial number file and service information (S10, S20); a data processing module (111) being configured to perform association processing on the serial number file and the service information to generate a serial number file name (S12, S22); a bandwidth allocation module (112) being configured to allocate a first bandwidth for a first data transmission channel and allocate a second bandwidth for a second data transmission channel; the data sending module (114) being configured to transmit the serial number file name to a management server (41) via the first data transmission channel at the first bandwidth, and transmit the serial number file name to the management server (41) via the second data transmission channel at the second bandwidth (S14), wherein the first bandwidth is used for transmitting the serial number file name in real time.
Patent WO-2019047626-A1 (WO)
Title: Pressure sensor and pressure detection method
Inventor: WANG YING
IPC: G01L11/02
Filed: 2018-07-24
Abstract: A pressure sensor and a pressure detection method, the pressure sensor comprising: a liquid crystal box (1) which comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (2), a liquid crystal state detection module and a pressure querying module, wherein the liquid crystal box (1) is provided with a press face. The liquid crystal state detection module is used for detecting the liquid crystal arrangement state in the cholesteric liquid crystal layer (2) when pressure is applied to the press face of the liquid crystal box (1); and the pressure querying module is used for querying from a prestored correspondence relation table the magnitude of the pressure corresponding to the liquid crystal arrangement state.
Patent WO-2020024151-A1 (WO)
Title: Data processing method and device, apparatus, and system
Inventor: JIN LONG
IPC: G06F12/02
Filed: 2018-08-01
Abstract: A data processing method and device, an apparatus, and a system. The data processing method comprises: a main chip determining first information, the first information comprising a first logical address set; the main chip generating first indication information, the first indication information comprising the first logical address set and a first physical address set, corresponding to the first logical address set and determined according to a mapping relationship between a logical address and a physical address, the first physical address set comprising N physical addresses, the N physical addresses being in a one-to-one correspondence with N logical addresses in the first logical address set, and N being an integer greater than or equal to 2; and the main chip transmitting a first request to a storage chip connected to the main chip, the first request comprising the first indication information. The method and the corresponding device, apparatus, and system effectively improve the speed of responding to a read request.