baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent MY-184116-A (MY)
Title: A communication device for a person with communication impairment
Inventor: DR NUR AZAH BINTI HAMZAID
Filed: 2014-06-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication device for a person with communication impairment comprising: a base (11); a display screen (12); a plurality of functional blocks (13); an enclosure (14) coupled to the base (11); and characterized by: a digital audio generator (15); a data storage means (16); an adjusting means (17) for adjusting a display condition of the display screen (12) and the output audio; the plurality of functional blocks (13) includes a short cut key module (18) for generating an immediate audio and/or visual message when said key module (18) is actuated; the plurality of functional blocks (13) is provided with identifying images to ease a user in identifying a function of each functional block; a processing module comprising a microprocessor (19) functionally connected to the display screen (12), the plurality of functional blocks (13), the digital audio generator (15), the data storage means (16), the adjusting means (17) and the short cut key module (18). (Figure 2)
Patent MY-191858-A (MY)
Title: An apparatus for sorting a metal plate
Inventor: CHIN YEOW MING
IPC: B23P19/00
Filed: 2018-07-23
Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus (100) for sorting a metal plate (110) comprises a feeder (120) configured to receive and convey the metal plate (110) to a track (130) which is connected to said feeder (120) for delivering the metal plate (110), and a supporting means (140) configured to support and uphold the metal plate (110) in an upright position. The supporting means (140) is positioned on the track (130) of said apparatus (100). Further, the apparatus (100) comprises an air puffing device (200) configured to eject pressurized air in between said metal plate (110) and supporting means (140). The air puffing device (200) comprises air nozzle (210), air supplying tube (220) and pressurized air source (230). The air nozzle (210) is perpendicularly positioned above the metal plate (110) and the supporting means (140).
Patent SG-10201807345P-A (SG)
Title: Distributed Ledger Technology For Freight System
Inventor: KIM YEI SUNG
Filed: 2018-08-28
Abstract: DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TECHNOLOGY FOR FREIGHT SYSTEM A system may receive a tracking update created by a tracking device. The tracking update comprising geographic location information indicative of a current geographic location of the tracking device. The system may identify, in a blockchain, a smart contract including executable logic configured to calculate a tracking metric. The system may determine, using the executable logic, the tracking metric in response to receipt of the tracking update. The system may append a datablock to the blockchain. The datablock may include the tracking metric and the geographic location information. The system may synchronize the blockchain with a plurality of blockchains stored in blockchain databases. Fig. 1
Patent SG-10201808299W-A (SG)
Title: Key Information Management Device, Key Information Management Method, And Non-Transitory Computer-Readable Recording Medium
Inventor: ENDO MASATO
Filed: 2018-09-24
Abstract: KeyInformation Management Device, Key Information Management Method, And Non-Transitory Computer-Readable Recording Medium
Patent SG-10201907811Y-A (SG)
Title: Systems and methods for forming and maintaining a high performance frc
Inventor: BINDERBAUER MICHL
Filed: 2015-10-30
Abstract: SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FORMING AND MAINTAINING A HIGH PERFORMANCE FRC A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement vessel, two diametrically opposed reversed-field-theta-pinch formation sections coupled to the vessel, and two divertor chambers coupled to the formation sections. A magnetic system includes quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components, quasi-dc mirror coils between the confinement chamber and the formation sections, and mirror plugs between the formation sections and the divertors. The formation sections include modular pulsed power formation systems enabling static and dynamic formation and acceleration of the FRCs. The FRC system further includes neutral atom beam injectors, pellet or CT injectors, gettering systems, axial plasma guns and flux surface biasing electrodes. The beam injectors are preferably angled toward the midplane of the chamber. In operation, FRC plasma parameters including plasma thermal energy, total particle numbers, radius and trapped magnetic flux, are sustainable at or about a constant value without decay during neutral beam injection. FIGURE 22A
Patent SG-11201903486Q-A (SG)
Title: Improved connector for use in forming joints
Inventor: ROGERS LANCE
IPC: E04C5/16
Filed: 2017-10-20
Abstract: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date 26 April 2018 (26.04.2018) WIP0 I PCT omit °nolo mom mu mown oimIE (10) International Publication Number WO 2018/071987 Al (51) International Patent Classification: E04B 1/48 (2006.01) E04C 5/16 (2006.01) E04B 1/41 (2006.01) E04C 2/06 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/AU2017/051148 (22) International Filing Date: 20 October 2017 (20.10.2017) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 2016904262 20 October 2016 (20.10.2016) AU (71) Applicant: SRG IP PTY LTD [AU/AU]; L1, 338 Barker Rd, Subiaco, 6008 (AU). (72) Inventor: ROGERS, Lance; c/- Ll, 338 Barker Rd, Subi- aco, Western Australia 6008 (AU). (74) Agent: ELLIPTIC LEGAL & PATENT SERVICES; Suite 5A, 63 Shepperton Rod, Victoria Park, Western Aus- tralia 6100 (AU). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, = (54) Title: IMPROVED CONNECTOR FOR USE IN FORMING JOINTS 3'1 1-1 N 00 1-1 N O 00 1-1 O C (57) : An improved connector (10) for use in forming joints between two surfaces. The improved connector (10) comprises a housing (12) having an enlarged seal housing (56) at a first end (20) and a sealing screen (16) adapted for receipt in the enlarged seal housing (56). The sealing screen (16) incorporates an elastic membrane (84) that surrounds an aperture (94). The aperture (94) is adapted to sealingly engage a dowel bar (18). This engagement means that movement of the dowel bar (18) laterally, vertically or telescopically is accommodated for by the elastic membrane (84) in a manner that ensures that the dowel bar (18) remains sealing engaged by the aperture (94). [Continued on next page] WO 2018/071987 Al MIDEDIMONEMEININHEMICIMEHMEMOIMIE EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Published: — with international search report (Art. 21(3))
Patent SG-11201906220S-A (SG)
Title: Graphical user interface for order transmission
Inventor: LUTNICK HOWARD
IPC: G06F3/0484
Filed: 2018-01-10
Abstract: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date 19 July 2018 (19.07.2018) WIP0 1 PCT Iiiimmounnonolomoilimolomomoilomovoiml (10) International Publication Number WO 2018/132470 Al (51) International Patent Classification: GOOF 3/0481 (2013.01) GOOF 3/0484 (2013.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US2018/013163 (22) International Filing Date: 10 January 2018 (10.01.2018) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 62/444,711 10 January 2017 (10.01.2017) US (71) Applicant: BGC PARTNERS, L.P. [US/US]; 499 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022 (US). (72) Inventors: LUTNICK, Howard, W.; 110 East 59th Street, New York, NY 10022 (US). MERCADO, Antonio; 110 East 59th Street, New York, NY 10022 (US). (74) Agent: SEGARRA, Roosevelt, V. et al.; Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P., Innovation Division, 110 East 59th Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10022 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Published: with international search report (Art. 21(3)) before the expiration of the time limit for amending the claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) = (54) Title: GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR ORDER TRANSMISSION 100 FIG. 1 1-1 © (57) : Disclosed herein are an apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium that renders a graphical user interface for order entry. A graphical user interface is rendered and an actuation of an input is detected. An order is submitted based V on a combination of inputs. O N
Patent DK-156563-B (DK)
Inventor: SKUBALLA WERNER
IPC: A61K31/19
Filed: 1983-02-08
Abstract: 1. Carbacyclin derivatives of the general formula I  see diagramm : EP0086404,P12,F1  wherein R1 , R2 , R3 and R4 are hydrogen or alkyl of 1-2 C-atoms. R5 is alkyl of 1-2 C-atoms, as well as their salts with pharmaceutically acceptable bases.
Patent DK-146217-B (DK)
Inventor: RASMUSSEN OLE-BENDT
IPC: B29C48/335
Filed: 1980-02-29
Abstract: A coextrusion die for the extrusion of a tubular film comprising a distribution channel system connected to separate supply means for several plastics materials, each distribution channel system comprising at least two arched channels (24, 25, 26) provided in different axial planes, the ends of each channel (24, 25) being connected to the middle portion of the following channel (25, 26) and the distribution channel systems being located at different distances from the centre axis of the die, collecting chambers (18-20) communicating with said distribution channel systems and an annular slot (36) communicating with the collecting chambers (18-20). The channels are formed from grooves in the surfaces of discshaped elements (12-15). The arched channels (24, 25, 26) are interconnected by channels (27) passing through said elements.
Patent HU-195123-B (HU)
Inventor: KOEVESDI JANOS
IPC: A63H33/08
Filed: 1985-02-01
Abstract: A találmány lényege, hogy a lemezben
egy vagy több hasíték (1) és ebben legalább
egy kapcsolóeszköz (2;3;4;5), a lemezben pedig,
a hasíték meghosszabbításában, az előbbivel
együttműködő további kapcsolóeszköz
(2;3;4;5) van olyképp, hogy két ilyen kapcsolólemez
a hasítéknál (1) fogva egymásba
illeszthető és két kapcsolóeszköz (2;3;4;5)
az anyag rugalmasságának felhasználásával
egymásba csappan. Ennek lehetővé tételére
a hasítékban (1) lévő kapcsolóeszköz (2;3;
4;5) domború és a lemezen lévő homorú
vagy egy nyílásból áll; de lehet megfordítva
is, vagyis alkalmazhatunk a hasítékban
(1) homorú és a lemezben domború kap
csolóeszközt.
Patent HU-188125-B (HU)
Inventor: BALOGH AKOS
IPC: E02D19/06
Filed: 1980-04-02
Abstract: Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Teich mit gefiltertem Wasser, der eine relativ grosse, freie Oberflaeche besitzt. Das Wesen der Erfindung besteht darin, dass der Teich 2 entlang eines verunreinigten Oberflaechengewaessers 1 mit grosser Durchflussmenge bzw. Wassermasse angelegt und zwischen dem verunreinigten Oberflaechengewaessers 1 und dem Teich 2 ein Filterdamm 3 ausgebildet ist. Der Teich 2 nach der Erfindung dient als Wasserentnahmestelle fuer die Trinkwasserversorgung und/oder als Wasserquelle fuer die Landwirtschaft und fuer die Industrie sowie als Erholungsgebiet.
Patent HU-195116-B (HU)
Title: Process for treating propolis with cold method and for producing propolis products
Inventor: KUBANYI GEZA
Filed: 1985-03-06
Abstract: Propolis prepns. for use in confectionary goods, in coffee and animal food-stuffs are obtd. by cooling row propolis to -12 deg. C, mixing together 1 part by wt. propolis, 1-2, pref. 1.4 part by wt. 96 wt. % alcohol, 0.5-1.0, pref. 0.6 wt. % ionexchange water having a resistivity of 1 megohm per cm, and 0.1-0.2, pref. 0.15 part by wt. activated carbon, extracting the mixt. in a porcelain ball mill at room temp. for 5 hours at 20 revolutions per minute, subsequently centrifuging the resulting material at 8-10, pref. 9 deg. C, cooling the liq. phase to 2.5 deg. C and filtering it through a filter membrane with 0.2 micrometer pores. - Alternatively the raw propolis is extracted in a ball mill with 70 wt. % aq. alcohol and activated carbon, the resulting slurry is filtered through a 0.4 micrometer pore size membrane and the resulting tincture diluted with 70 wt. % aq. alcohol to a concn. of 1.25 wt. % propolis.
Patent LT-4293-B (LT)
Title: Composition for alcoholic beverage
Inventor: SEMENAS VALENTAS
IPC: C12G3/00
Filed: 1997-05-21
Abstract: The invention is used in the vodka industry, it is namely a recipe comprising a composition of ingredients, which are used for producing tinctures. The aim of this invention is to simplify the production process and intersperse the composition of components and deliver a slight potency, tone raising and prophylactic attributes to the tincture. The composition of 1,000 decalitres of the tincture comprises: fortified distillate of apple juice dal 285-295, tincture of aroma components dal 90-92, alcohol dal 260-270, sugar dal 194-196, citric acid 15-15.5 kg, salt 14.5-15.5 kg. The tincture of aroma components consists of juniper berries, linden blossoms, hops, water and alcohol, retaining the following ratio of ingredients as per 1,000 decalitres of the tincture: juniper berries 24.5-25.5 kg, linden blossoms 14.5-15.5 kg, hops 24.5-25.5 kg, alcohol 64-66 dal, water 32-33 dal. If need be, water may be added until the total amount of tincture is reached.
Patent YU-49426-B (YU)
Inventor: SOUKATCHOFF PASCAL
IPC: F16L58/06
Filed: 1998-10-09
Abstract: Unutrašnja obloga za kanalizacioni element (1), posebno metalni, koji ima veoma zakrivljen unutrašnji zid (4; 29), naznačena time, što sadrži čvrst punilac i jednu tečnost, pri čemu je tečnost rastvor silikata alkalnog metala, a čvrsti punilac sadrži pesak, oko 20 do 30% mas. nekog vezivnog hemijskog jedinjenja za reagovanje sa tečnošću, i oko 4 do 10 mas.% dodatnih plastifikatora, pri čemu se čvrst punilac i tečnost mešaju pri masenom odnosu tečnost/vezivo od oko 0,35 do 0,45. Prijava sadrži još 12 zavisna patentna zahteva.
Patent YU-49099-B (YU)
Inventor: STANIC MIODRAG
Filed: 1995-07-24
Abstract: Hidraulični ventil za tečne i gasovite fluide, koji obuhvata telo (1) ventila; navojno vodeće vreteno (2); nosač klipa (3), koji u svom uvodnom delu (32) sadrži elastična stišljiva pera (34,35), gde stišljiva pera (35) obuhvataju graničnu površinu (35a) za ograničavanje aksijalnog kretanja klipa (6) pri otvaranju ventila, dok stišljiva pera (34) sadrže ispupčenja (36) za spajanje sa žljebovima (17) na telu (1) ventila, klip (6) smešten unutar kućišta (8), pri čemu je na dno (81) kućišta (8) postavljeno zaptivno sedište (7) pridržavano sa gornje strane poklopcem (9) čija je gornja površina urađena u vidu sita (93) oko koga je postavljena zaptivka (10), naznačen time, što nosač klipa (3) sadrži žljeb (38) i venac (39), koji ulazi u žljeb (61) na klipu (6), dok u žljeb (38) uklizava venac (62) klipa (6), pri čemu su venac (62) i žljeb (61) urađeni na najbolje 2/3 oboda klipa (6) i što klip (6) obuhvata rebra (63) izvedena paralelno uzdužnoj osi ventila, gde se rebra (63) završavaju pločicom (64). Prijava sadrži još 3 zavisna zahteva.
Patent ZA-99498-B (ZA)
Title: Disc sorting apparatus and method.
Inventor: BRITTON MARTIN ROBERT
IPC: G07D9/00
Filed: 1999-01-22
Abstract: A disc sorting apparatus and method is provided for sorting discs of different identities. When discs are received they are conveyed to a sorting arrangement for sorting the discs into respective stacks determined by their identities. The speed of conveyance and thus sorting of the discs is determined by the detected number of discs being identified.
Patent AT-395847-B (AT)
Title: Use of laccase and laccase/cellulase in the production of edibile mushrooms
Inventor: PRETTEREBNER ROLF DIPL ING
IPC: C05F5/00
Filed: 1989-06-29
Granted: 1993-03-25
Abstract: The invention relates to an active substance mixture composed of the enzyme laccase or a laccase/cellulase mixture in combination with an organic nutrient source, for example microbial biomass (such as bacterial biomass) or any other high-protein composition, for example from oil production (such as soya bean extracts), its production and its use.
Patent AT-396051-B (AT)
Title: Aqueous sprayable composition for regulating the growth stages and developmental stages of plants
Inventor: VASARHELYI HELGA
IPC: A01N43/90
Filed: 1991-10-15
Granted: 1993-05-25
Abstract: Aqueous composition which is suitable for regulating the growth processes and developmental processes of plants and which comprises benzyladenine, a potassium source and anionic or non-ionic surfactants, characterized in that it contains potassium hydroxide as the potassium source in an amount of 0.4-0.6 parts by weight per part by weight of benzyladenine and the surfactant in an amount of 0.4-22 parts by weight per part by weight of benzyladenine and in that the pH of the ready-to-use aqueous composition is at least 9.
Patent AT-389695-B (AT)
Title: Process for the preparation of novel 3-amino-2- oxoazetidine-1-sulphone derivatives
IPC: C07D205/08
Filed: 1985-07-22
Granted: 1990-01-10
Abstract: In a process for preparing a novel compound of the general formula II in racemic or optically active form, in which Ra is the group -(CH2)nF, in which n is an integer from 1 to 4, and A is a hydrogen atom or a sulpho group, a corresponding compound of the general formula V is reacted with a compound of the general formula VI, and then the group Rp is removed. <IMAGE>
Patent AT-387784-B (AT)
IPC: B29C44/34
Filed: 1987-11-16
Granted: 1989-03-10
Abstract: In order to obtain a prefoamed plastic with a desired density during prefoaming of plastics comprising a blowing agent, the volume of the prefoamed plastic is measured after it has been stabilized and dried, and the density of the prefoamed plastic is calculated from the weight of the plastic fed to the prefoaming chamber and the volume measured. By appropriately changing the weight of starting material, the density can be adjusted to the desired value while other process conditions are identical during the prefoaming procedure. An apparatus suitable for carrying out this process has, in the prefoaming chamber, a measuring transducer 20 to record the volume to which prefoaming takes place in the chamber, and, within a stabilizing and drying chamber 2, has another measuring tranducer 22 which measures the volume of the prefoamed plastic at the end of the stabilizing and drying phase. A signal corresponding to this volume is fed to a computer 25, which calculates the density of the stabilized and dried prefoamed plastic by taking the quotient of weight and volume. <IMAGE>
Patent AT-382526-B (AT)
Title: Electrical filter
Inventor: ARTAMA ARVI
IPC: B03C3/60
Filed: 1981-07-06
Granted: 1987-03-10
Abstract: An electrical filter has a chamber or a housing 1, through which the air which is to be cleaned or another gas is guided by means of a fan 4. A ionisation device has been provided for the gas which is to be cleaned, the device comprising one or more ionisation electrodes 9 and counter-electrodes 10. An electrostatic field is formed by positive and negative electrodes 13, 14, of which the plate-like collection electrodes 14 consist at least in part of glass or a corresponding material and at which the contaminating particles, which have been charged by the ionisation device, from the air or the other gas collect. A film of water, which flows continuously over a [lacuna] of glass or a material which reacts with water in the same way as glass, acts as collecting electrodes 14. The dry and solid particles, such as for example quartz or coal dust, which are present in the gas which is to be cleaned are entrained by the film of water without dropping off the electrodes when their original charge is exchanged for the charge having the same sign as that of the collecting electrodes. By way of example, pipes 15 with small holes or longitudinal openings for a flow of water are arranged in the direction of the upper edge of the fixed plates of the collecting electrodes 14, in order to direct a flow of water onto the plate sections which guide the water. <IMAGE>
Patent CH-639525-B (CH)
Inventor: MUELLER JACQUES
IPC: G04C3/14
Filed: 1981-02-26
Abstract: A motor module for an electronic analog watch comprises a single mounting plate which is preferably formed by the stator 2 of the motor. The rotor 32 is mounted in the plate 2 by way of members 26 and 30 which form bearings for the rotor 32. The spindles 18, 22 and 24 for the hands are also mounted on the stator 2 by means of a tube 16. Finally, the spindle 44 for gears 46, 47 and 48 between the rotor and the spindles for the hands passes through the stator 2, being supported therein by a bush 42. <IMAGE>
Patent DK-157714-B (DK)
Inventor: MCALEER WILLIAM J
IPC: G01N33/53
Filed: 1980-04-18
Abstract: Liquid containing hepatitis A antibody is adsorbed on a surface. The surface is then coated with a proteinaceous material and incubated in the presence of the sample to form a complex of hepatitis A antigen and hepatitis A antibody. The complex is incubated again in the presence of excess radioactively labelled hepatitis A antibody, and the resulting radionuclide is measured.
Patent DK-164477-B (DK)
Inventor: ELGER WALTER
IPC: A61K31/565
Filed: 1984-09-27
Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition containing a prostaglandin and an antigestagen is suitable for induction of labor and for abortion.
Patent FI-59588-B (FI)
Inventor: WINTER WERNER
IPC: C07D313/12
Filed: 1974-07-09
Granted: 1981-05-29
Abstract: New tricyclic substituted aminoalcohols of the formula: