Patent GB-1064591-A (GB)
Title: Variable frequency power supplies
IPC: H02M1/084
Filed: 1964-10-02
Abstract: 1,064,591. Pulse generators. AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO. Oct. 2, 1964 [Oct. 22, 1963], No. 40233/64. Heading H3T. [Also in Divisions G3 and H2] A variable-frequency pulse generator for controlling the frequency of A.C. power to a load comprises a fixed oscillator connected to a chain of frequency-dividers which give pulse trains such that no pulse in any one train coincides with a pulse in any other chain, and means connected to the frequency-dividers to provide a single pulse train corresponding in time to at least one of the pulse trains from the frequency-dividers. Fig. 1 (not shown) utilizes such a pulse generator applied to the speed control of an A.C. motor, e.g. for driving the take-up reel of an extruded thread where the tangential thread velocity is to remain constant regardless of the reel diameter. An oscillator provides square waves at 100 kc/s. and a frequency-divider chain (14) gives outputs at ¢, , #, <SP>1</SP>/ 16 , <SP>1</SP>/ 32  and <SP>1</SP>/ 64  of 100 kc/s. Selected ones (or all) of these outputs are added together to give a resultant pulse train which is further divided by 64 in divider (15) and used to operate the motor (12). The particular outputs of the divider (14) that are used are controlled by the state of a binary counter (26), which is set up initially by a punched card reader (20) with switches (27, 28) open. The motor then starts and runs up to a definite speed. Switches (27, 28) are now closed, and a second card-reader (18) controls a slope generator (17) to alter the count in (26) according to a predetermined programme. The slope generator receives pulses from the divider chain (14) and the signals from the card reader (18) determine which of these shall affect the counter (26), which in turn controls the frequency of the pulses fed to divider (15). When the state of the counter (26) reaches a predetermined figure, a wordrecognizer (21) senses equality between this count and a figure obtained from a third cardreader (19) and stops the output from the divider chain (14). The frequency of the pulses from (14) changes incrementally but the changes are small and effectively produce a linear change of frequency applied to the motor. The rate of change can be altered in magnitude and/or sign according to instructions from the card-readers (18 and 19). The pulses from the divider (15) are at 6 times the operating frequency of the motor and control a 3-phase converter (16) which in turn controls a power inverter (11). Since the inductive reactance of the motor windings varies with frequency, the actual A.C. voltage across the motor is sensed in a unit (22) and compared with a signal representing the frequency of the input pulses to the inverter (11). Any difference controls a rectifier (10) to vary the D.C. input to the inverter (11). Divider chain (14) and counter (26) (Fig. 3).- The output from the oscillator 13 is applied to a chain of bi-stable circuits 30-36 each of which divides the frequency by 2; the leading edge of a pulse from each stage coincides with the trailing edge of a pulse from the preceding stage. Each stage feeds a monostable circuit 40-46 which provides a short pulse coinciding with the leading edge of the corresponding pulse from the divider stage. The outputs of the monostable circuits pass through AND gates 50-56 to an OR gate 57 which produces a pulse train as input to the divider 15. This pulse train contains pulses from one or more of the divider stages 30-36 depending on which of the AND gates 50-56 are open. The AND gates are controlled by cascaded bi-stable circuits 60-66, the first of which (66) is operated by a signal from the slope generator 17. Each bi-stable circuit can also be changed over by a signal from the card reader 20 to establish the initial output frequency. If the frequency is to be increased during operation, the counter should be capable of counting in the opposite direction (60 towards 66). The output connections from divider stages 30-36 are shown as being taken from the " 1 " terminal. If the successive divider stages and the monostable circuits 40-46 are responsive to the same polarity of voltage change the two circuits should be fed from different output terminals to ensure that no pulse from any one of the mono-stable circuits can coincide with any pulse from the other mono-stable circuits. Slope generator (17, Fig. 4, not shown).- This is basically the same as the divider chain (14) without the binary counter. A chain of bi-stable circuits (70-79) divides the output of the divider chain further, and selected ones of these stages are passed to the output via monostable circuits (80-89), AND gates (90-99) and OR gate (101). The AND gates are controlled by signals from the card-reader (18). The output of the last bi-stable stage (79) consists of one pulse per 300 seconds. Motor control circuits (Fig. 5, not shown).- The pulses from the divider chain (14) are further divided in frequency in bi-stable circuits (110-115) and operate a mono-stable circuit (116). The pulses then pass through AND gates (117-122) to bi-stable circuits (123-125) which control the power inverters (144-146) for the 3-phase motor (12). The outputs of the bi-stable circuits (123-125) are also connected to AND gates (126-131) in the manner shown; these control the second inputs of AND gates (117-122) to energize the bistable circuits (123-125) in the correct sequence. Delay circuits (132-137) prevent a pulse from the mono-stable circuit (116) from effecting two changes in the bi-stable circuits (123-125). Each power inverter (144-146) contains four relay devices arranged so that in one state of the bi-stable circuit (123-125) one pair of relay devices sends current through the motor in one direction and in the other state the other pair sends current in the opposite direction. These inverters work in sequence for the three phase windings of the motor. The pulses from the bi-stable circuit (123) drive a transformer (138) into saturation and apply a pulse to an integrator (140) each time the bi-stable circuit changes to the " 1 " state. A D.C. voltage is thus passed to the regulator (10) which represents the frequency of the pulses. The A.C. voltage across the motor is sensed by circuit (147-151) to give a corresponding D.C. voltage to the regulator (10). These two voltages are compared and any difference controls the D.C. energization of the inverters to maintain the torque constant as the operating frequency varies.