Patent GB-852949-A (GB)
Title: High molecular weight multipolymers and derivatives thereof
IPC: C10L1/24
Filed: 1959-03-13
Abstract: Graft copolymers are prepared by subjecting a mixture of a polymeric compound, maleic anhydride and an aliphatic mono-olefin containing from 2 to 36 carbon atoms per molecule to high energy ionizing radiation.  The polymer may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyheptene, polyoctyl acrylate, polyoctyl, polylauryl or polydecyl methacrylate, polyvinyl stearate, polyhexyl oleate or the corresponding fumarates, maleates or itaconates, or a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene, butadiene or styrene containing at least 95% of isobutylene.  The olefin may be ethylene, propylene, butene, octene, decene, dodecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, cetene, octadecene, a cracked wax or olefins obtained from the Fischer Tropsch process.  The reaction is preferably effected in liquid phase, preferably with all the components in solution, the polymer and olefin being preferably dissolved in a non-polar solvent such as hexane, octane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene or a mixed naphtha distillate fraction, and the maleic anhydride added to the resulting solution dissolved in a solvent such as dioxane, diethyl ether or ethyl acetate.  The polymer may be treated by (a) reaction with an alcohol to produce a half ester, the remaining carboxyl groups of which can be left as such or esterified with the same or a different alcohol, or neutralized with ammonia or an amine and the resulting salts converted to amides; (b) reaction with a primary amine, the product being at least partially an imide; (c) reaction with a secondary amine, the product containing amide groups; (d) condensation with a mercaptan to yield a half thioester which can be further esterified with an alcohol or condensed with ammonia or an amine; (e) hydrolysis of the anhydride group to free acids followed by salt formation with an alkali or alkaline earth metal, ammonia or an amine.  Examples describe the production of graft copolymers from polyisobutylene, maleic anhydride and octadecene and their sodium and barium salts, from polyisobutylene, maleic anhydride and octene, and from a copolymer derived from a C8 oxo alcohol-tallow alcohol ester of fumaric acid copolymerized with vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride and decene.  The graft polymers and their derivatives may be used as oil additives.ALSO:Graft polymers are prepared by subjecting a mixture of a polymeric compound, maleic anhydride and an aliphatic mono-olefin containing from 2 to 36 carbon atoms per molecule to high energy ionizing radiation (see Group IV(a)).  The resulting graft polymers and reaction products obtained therefrom by reaction with alcohols, amines or mercaptans or by hydrolysis followed by salt formation with an alkali or alkaline earth metal, ammonia or an amine, may be used as additives to lubricating or fuel oils such as paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed lubricating oils, synthetic lubricants such as esters and polyethers, lighter hydrocarbon oil products such as diesel fuel, domestic heating oil, mineral seal oil and kerosene, or to paraffin wax.  Lubricating oils may contain other additives such as dyes, antioxidants, lubricating agents, extreme pressure or anti wear agents or foam reducers. Examples describe the incorporation in lubricating oils of graft copolymers derived from polyisobutylene, maleic anhydride and octadecene and their sodium and barium salts and from polyisobutylene, maleic anhydride and octene.