baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2020042244-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XIAO GUANGXING
IPC: H04N5/14
Filed: 2018-09-18
Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel (100), comprising a non-display area (10) and a display area (20), wherein the non-display area (10) is provided with a system on chip (30), and the display area (20) comprises at least two display sub-areas; each display sub-area is provided with a corresponding timing controller (40); the system on chip (30) is electrically connected to each timing controller (40), and sends edge video data displayed in an edge area of an adjacent display sub-area to each timing controller (40), and the timing controller (40) receives and processes the edge video data; the adjacent display sub-area is a display sub-area arranged adjacent to the display sub-area corresponding to the timing controller (40). The timing controller (40) in the liquid crystal display panel (100) can acquire and process the edge video data displayed in the edge area of the adjacent display sub-area, so that each image processing algorithm at the boundary of display sub-areas has a better processing effect on an image. A liquid crystal display device having the above-mentioned liquid crystal display panel (100) thereon.
Patent WO-2020056655-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XU QINGYANG
IPC: H01S3/108
Filed: 2018-09-20
Abstract: A near-infrared laser, comprising a front cavascope, a laser crystal, a Q-switched crystal, a quasi-phase-matched crystal, a wavelength selection crystal, and a rear cavascope. By applying an intracavity cascade frequency-doubled optical parametric oscillator (cSHG-OPO) method and utilizing quasi-phase-matching of a periodically poled crystal, a second-order nonlinear coefficient d 33 of a nonlinear crystal is utilized to the fullest extent. A cascade second-order nonlinear effect simulates a third-order nonlinear effect, and a similar third-order nonlinear wave mixing effect is produced around the pump wavelength so as to generate a wideband parametric gain; by means of a method for improving the fundamental frequency laser in a resonant cavity and the frequency-doubled optical power density, an intracavity parametric gain is significantly increased so as to decrease a threshold of parametric oscillation; an intracavity wavelength selection element is then used for generating a parametric oscillation laser output at the specific wavelength. The structure and the method in the present invention make the structure of a near-infrared laser in a broad wavelength range greatly simplified, and facilitate miniature and high efficiency of the laser.
Patent WO-2019062695-A1 (WO)
Title: Display device and grounding device thereof
Inventor: SHAN JIANFENG
IPC: G02F1/1362
Filed: 2018-09-25
Abstract: A display device (900) and a grounding device thereof. The display device (900) comprises a display panel (130), a framework (110), metal side frames (101), a top protective frame (102), a printed circuit board (150), a conductive film (160), and a protective layer (170). The framework (110) is formed by an insulation material, and the display panel (130) is disposed on the framework (110). The metal side frames (101) are disposed on four side walls of the framework (110). The top protective frame (102) is disposed on the framework (110) and the display panel (130), and is formed by an insulation material. The top protective frame (102) is provided with a hollow region for exposing the display panel (130), and the hollow region is smaller than the display panel (130). The printed circuit board (150) is disposed below the framework (110), is not in contact with the metal side frames (101), and is electrically connected to the display panel (130) by means of a flexible flat cable (151). The conductive film (160) is attached to and electrically connected to a grounding end (153) of the printed circuit board (150) and the metal side frames (101). The protective layer (170) is formed by an insulation material, covers the printed circuit board (150), is attached to the periphery of the printed circuit board (150) by means of an adhesive material so as to fix the printed circuit board (150), and extends to cover and fix the flexible flat cable (151).
Patent WO-2019095922-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZHANG DAJUN
IPC: H04W36/00
Filed: 2018-10-17
Abstract: 本申请公开了一种Pcell或PScell管理方法及装置，用于解决现有技术中在CU-DU架构下缺乏对Pcell或PScell的切换进行有效管理的技术问题，提供一种及时、高效的PSCell的切换策略，以提高通信系统资源的利用效率。所述方法包括：CU确定UE的Pcell或PScell；CU向DU发送送PCell/PSCell改变消息；其中，送PCell/PSCell改变消息包括需要切换为Pcell或PScell的小区cell的小区标识，所CU与DU共同服务于所述UE。
Patent WO-2019085818-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LUO CHENGYUAN
IPC: H01L51/52
Filed: 2018-10-25
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un panneau d'affichage électroluminescent. Le procédé consiste à fournir un substrat ayant une zone d'affichage et une zone périphérique, le substrat comprenant une couche de définition de pixel pour définir une pluralité d'ouvertures de sous-pixel pour une couche électroluminescente dans la zone d'affichage ; fixer un réservoir de compensation de vapeur de solvant à la zone périphérique du substrat, le réservoir de compensation de vapeur de solvant ayant une ou plusieurs rainures de réception de gouttelettes d'encre configurées pour recevoir une gouttelette d'encre et une couche de connexion, le réservoir de compensation de vapeur de solvant étant fixé de manière amovible à la zone périphérique du substrat à travers la couche de connexion ; distribuer des gouttelettes d'encre dans la pluralité d'ouvertures de sous-pixel et l'une ou plusieurs rainures de réception de gouttelette d'encre ; sécher les gouttelettes d'encre distribuées dans la pluralité d'ouvertures de sous-pixel et une ou plusieurs rainures de réception de gouttelettes d'encre ; et retirer le réservoir de compensation de vapeur de solvant du substrat.
Patent WO-2019119963-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZOU TONG
IPC: G06F1/26
Filed: 2018-10-26
Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a series power supply circuit, comprising: first power supply units connected in parallel and used for providing a first power supply voltage; second power supply units connected in series and used for providing a second power supply voltage; power source units used for providing a power supply voltage for the first power supply units and the second power supply units; units to be powered each having a first power supply unit access end and used for receiving the power supply voltage provided by the first power supply unit. The power conversion efficiency of the circuit is obviously higher than that of a conventional parallel and series power supply structure in the current industry. In addition, the entire power supply current of the circuit is reduced, the power supply circuit is further simplified, and the material costs of devices are saved.
Patent WO-2020087475-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种数据加扰方法及装置、通信设备
Inventor: SHI ZHIHUA
IPC: H04W16/14
Filed: 2018-11-01
Abstract: 本申请实施例提供一种数据加扰方法及装置、通信设备，包括：第一设备确定多个物理信道对应的加扰信息，其中，不同的物理信道对应不同的加扰信息；所述第一设备基于所述加扰信息，对接收到的所述物理信道进行解扰和/或对待发送的所述物理信道进行加扰。
Patent WO-2019233032-A1 (WO)
Inventor: DU YANAN
IPC: C12N5/00
Filed: 2018-11-06
Abstract: 提供了一种谷氨酰胺转氨酶介导的细胞膜表面修饰方法。所述的谷氨酰胺转氨酶介导的细胞膜表面修饰方法，包括如下步骤：利用谷氨酰胺转氨酶将修饰物连接到靶细胞的细胞膜表面的底物蛋白上；所述修饰物上含有谷氨酰胺残基；所述底物蛋白上含有赖氨酸残基。
Patent WO-2020056895-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种四足机器人cpg控制网络的构建、参数整定及优化方法
Inventor: SHI QING
IPC: B25J9/16
Filed: 2018-11-14
Abstract: 一种四足机器人CPG控制网络的构建、参数整定及优化方法，包括以下步骤：将CPG控制网络分为四个用于控制髋关节的振荡单元，各振荡单元采用两个互抑制的神经元组成。该方法实现了微型四足机器人在行走过程中髋关节控制信号的对称性和合理相位关系控制；将CPG控制中原有的微分方程组简化为差分方程组，对CPG控制网络内参数进行优化，降低CPG控制网络的复杂度，提高了参数整定速度，构建出输出信号幅值频率可控并且快速稳定的CPG网络。
Patent WO-2019242218-A1 (WO)
Title: 转子、电机和压缩机
Inventor: XU FEI
IPC: H02K1/27
Filed: 2018-11-15
Abstract: 本发明提供了一种转子、电机和压缩机，转子包括多个第一冲片和多个第二冲片，多个第一冲片和多个第二冲片堆叠以构成转子铁芯；多个开口周向设置于多个第一冲片和多个第二冲片中的每一个上，多个开口将多个第一冲片和多个第二冲片划分为转子轭和多个极冠，多个开口沿转子铁芯的轴向贯通以形成多个插槽；多个磁铁设置于多个插槽中；第一冲片中包括至少一个连接筋，任一个连接筋设置于多个极冠中的相邻两个之间，第二冲片上至少两个开口相连通，本发明通过采用不同结构的第一冲片和第二冲片可有效降低转子漏磁，提升气隙磁密幅值，减小铜耗，提升电机性能。
Patent WO-2020048015-A1 (WO)
Title: Novel coated optical lens
Inventor: Zhao Bin Qiang
IPC: G02B1/10
Filed: 2018-11-22
Abstract: A novel coated optical lens, comprising a lens (2), wherein one side of the lens (2) located at a surface of a convex surface is provided with a protective layer (9), and the protective layer (9) is composed of a color-changing film (5), an anti-wear film coating (6), an anti-radiation film (7), and a waterproof and dustproof film (8). The color-changing film (5) covers a surface of the anti-wear film coating (6), and the anti-wear film coating (6) is provided at a surface of the lens (2). A surface of the color-changing film (5) opposite to the anti-wear film coating (6) is covered with the anti-radiation film (7). By means of disposing the protective layer (9) composed of the color-changing film (5), the anti-wear film coating (6), the anti-radiation film (7), and the waterproof and dustproof film (8) on a surface of the lens (2), when the lens (2) is being used, the influence of indoor and outdoor light intensity on the lens (2) may be mitigated under the action of the color-changing film (5), and the abrasion resistance may be increased under the action of the anti-wear film coating (6). Under the action of the waterproof and dustproof film (8), water spots may be made to flow to the lens (2) and then quickly drain off, thereby reducing staying time.
Patent WO-2020010779-A1 (WO)
Title: Successive approximation register (sar) analog to digital converter (adc) with overlapping reference voltage ranges
Inventor: ABOUDINA MOHAMED
IPC: H03M1/38
Filed: 2018-11-23
Abstract: An analog to digital converter (ADC) is disclosed. The ADC includes a DAC which generates a first signal based on an analog input and a digital input word, and a comparator which generates a comparator output having a value corresponding with a sign of a difference between first and second signals. During a first time period, the second signal is equal to a reference signal, the first signal is equal to an analog input, and the comparator generates a first comparator output. During a second time period, the second signal is equal to the reference signal, the first signal is equal to a the analog input plus a predetermined signal, and the comparator generates a second comparator output. A SAR logic circuit generates the digital input word for the DAC based on the first and second comparator outputs.
Patent WO-2020062572-A1 (WO)
Inventor: LUO CHONG
IPC: F16H55/17
Filed: 2018-12-06
Abstract: A reduction gearbox motor, comprising a power motor (10), a reduction gearbox housing (20) and a gear set (30) installed in the reduction gearbox housing (20). At least part of the reduction gearbox housing (20) is sleeved outside of the power motor (10) and is fixedly connected to the power motor (10); a driving gear (13) is assembled on an output shaft of the power motor (10), and the driving gear (13) is meshingly connected to the gear set (30); a reduction gearbox shaft (31) of the gear set (30) penetrates the reduction gearbox housing (20), and the reduction gearbox housing (20) is provided with a flange part (21); the flange part (21) is used for fixing the reduction gearbox motor to corresponding equipment; the interior of the reduction gearbox (20) does not easily receive impact from external forces, and thus the reliability thereof is good. The power motor (10) is fixed to the reduction gearbox housing (20) and is convenient to install and fix. An impact on the reduction gearbox housing (20) cannot be transmitted to the power motor (10), thus the reduction gearbox motor operates stably.
Patent WO-2020029489-A1 (WO)
Title: Home appliance control method centering on air conditioner
Inventor: WEN HAO
IPC: G05B19/418
Filed: 2018-12-07
Abstract: Disclosed is a home appliance control method centering on an air conditioner. The method comprises: preprocessing, establishing communication between an air conditioner and a home appliance, and setting the air conditioner as a control center; a user issuing a command to the air conditioner, and the air conditioner receiving, recognizing and processing the user command; and the air conditioner issuing a command to the home appliance, and the home appliance executing the command and feeding back a result to the user by means of the air conditioner. Taking an air conditioner as a control center means that one home appliance can control all home appliances, greatly facilitating daily life; no extra control device is required, thereby saving on costs and omitting transmission and control steps; expressing an intention by means of a voice and a gesture to further brings convenience to a user and also improves the accuracy of expression; and by means of a local area network and infrared transmission, control approaches are diversified, different device types are compatible, and requirements for making home appliances intelligent are lower.
Patent WO-2019114623-A1 (WO)
Title: 冰箱
Inventor: ZHANG HAO
IPC: F16J15/10
Filed: 2018-12-07
Abstract: 一种密封件，包括可扣合部，可扣合部由柔性连接的两个H型构件组成，两个H型构件能够彼此扣合形成安装状态，H型构件具有平行的第一臂(2531)和第二臂(2532)，以及连接第一臂(2531)和第二臂(2532)的连接部(2533)，连接部具有弧形表面，当处于安装状态时，两个H型构件弧形的表面共同围合形成中空腔。还提供了具有上述密封件的真空组件及冰箱。
Patent WO-2019128791-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种内窥镜装置
Inventor: QIU JIANJUN
IPC: A61B1/00
Filed: 2018-12-19
Abstract: 一种内窥镜装置，包括：用于向被摄体投射照明光的第一光源部(001)；用于向被摄体投射治疗光的第二光源部(002)；利用被摄体的反射光线拍摄被摄体的像的摄像部(003)；设置于被摄体和摄像部(003)之间，对治疗光的透射率大于零且小于预先基于避免图像过曝的原则确定的透射率上限阈值的光截止滤波器(004)。一方面能够避免出现由于治疗光引起的图像过曝问题，保证了光动力治疗过程的可视化，另一方面能让部分治疗光透过光截止滤波器(004)到达摄像部(003)，从而可以保证摄像部(003)采集到的图像中包含有治疗光的光斑照射区域，有助于医务人员根据治疗光的光斑照射区域及时地调整治疗光的光斑大小和位置，使其准确覆盖被摄体的病变区域，保证了光动力疗法的临床效果。
Patent WO-2020077811-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WEN ZHIHUA
IPC: A47J43/07
Filed: 2018-12-21
Abstract: 一种旋转机构(10)，用于食物处理器(100)，旋转机构(10)包括第一刀轴(11)、第二刀轴(12)和齿轮传动结构(13)。第二刀轴(12)与第一刀轴(11)同轴设置。齿轮传动结构(13)包括第一中心齿轮(112)、第二中心齿轮(122)和传动轮组(131)。第一中心齿轮(112)固定在第一刀轴(11)。第二中心齿轮(122)固定在第二刀轴(12)。传动轮组(131)包括与第一中心齿轮(112)啮合的第一传动齿轮(1311)和与第二中心齿轮(122)啮合的第二传动齿轮(1312)，第一传动齿轮(1311)用于驱动第二传动齿轮(1312)转动。
Patent WO-2019129012-A1 (WO)
Title: 控制信息的传输方法
Inventor: DU BAI
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2018-12-25
Abstract: 本申请提供了一种控制信息传输方法，涉及无线通信领域。该方法包括：终端设备根据用于传输上行数据的时频资源与参考上行资源RUR之间是否重叠确定是否对上行抢占指示PI进行监测，从而能够有效地避免了那些无需接收上行PI的终端设备对上行PI的盲检，降低了终端设备对上行PI的盲检开销。
Patent WO-2019205724-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XU SHAOFENG
IPC: G01S13/86
Filed: 2018-12-29
Abstract: 本申请提供了一种车辆雷达通信一体化的实现方法、相关设备及系统。该方法包括：第一车辆的雷达设备获取第一通信消息；将所述第一通信消息调制为第一载波信号，第一载波信号的工作频点处于雷达设备的工作频段；外发送周期性的雷达信号，并在发送当前周期的雷达信号与发送下一周期的雷达信号之间的时间间隙内，向第二车辆发送所述第一载波信号。实施本发明实施例，车辆既能够进行较好的雷达探测，又能与其他车辆进行通信短消息交互，提高通信短消息传递效率、降低通信时延，满足高级辅助驾驶或无人驾驶的要求。
Patent WO-2020133681-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WU JIANZHENG
IPC: H01M10/615
Filed: 2019-03-01
Abstract: 一种动力电池包的加热控制方法、控制系统及汽车，加热控制方法包括：实时检测每个动力电池模组的温差，其中，温差由初始未加热状态下每个动力电池模组中的动力电池单体的最高温度与最低温度的差值确定；根据温差的增加幅度或者温差确定每个动力电池模组对应的调整方式。
Patent WO-2020034635-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XU ZHENGFENG
IPC: B01F3/04
Filed: 2019-03-15
Abstract: Un appareil d'acquisition de micro-bulles, comprenant un premier corps (1), le premier corps (1) étant pourvu d'un canal d'entrée d'eau (2), d'un canal de sortie d'eau, d'une chambre à tourbillon (3) reliant le canal d'entrée d'eau (2) au canal de sortie d'eau, et un canal d'entrée d'air (11) en communication avec la chambre à tourbillon (3), l'axe de la chambre à tourbillon (3) et l'axe du canal d'entrée d'eau (2) étant décalé, la chambre à tourbillon (3) étant pourvue d'une entrée d'eau (12) en communication avec le canal d'entrée d'eau (2), et l'entrée d'eau (12) étant disposée sur le côté de l'axe du canal d'entrée d'eau (2) opposé à l'axe de la chambre à tourbillon (3). Le présent appareil peut réduire l'obstruction de l'écoulement d'eau tout en évitant d'augmenter le volume de l'appareil d'acquisition de micro-bulles.
Patent WO-2019196612-A1 (WO)
Title: Flexible array substrate and preparation method therefor, and flexible display panel
Inventor: LI XIAOLONG
IPC: H01L27/32
Filed: 2019-03-20
Abstract: Disclosed are a flexible array substrate and a preparation method therefor, and a flexible display panel. The flexible array substrate comprises a plurality of pixel island areas arranged in sequence; a flexible area is provided between adjacent pixel island areas; the pixel island area comprises a gate electrode; the flexible area comprises a first connection line; an elastic layer is provided on the first connection line; a second connection line is provided on the elastic layer; multiple inter-layer vias are provided on the elastic layer; an elastic conductive column is provided in each inter-layer via; each elastic conductive column is conductively connected to the first connection line and the second connection line, separately; the first connection line and/or the second connection line are connected to the gate electrodes of the adjacent pixel island areas.
Patent WO-2020191724-A1 (WO)
Inventor: MA JIANYUN
IPC: B60W30/00
Filed: 2019-03-28
Abstract: Provided are a vehicle control system (100) and a vehicle comprising the vehicle control system (100); the vehicle control system (100) comprises a control module (10); the control module (10) is electrically connected to a vehicle control bus, and used for receiving a bus signal from the control bus; the control module (10) contains one or a plurality of processors (11), used for querying the type of control signal according to the bus signal and simulating the control output signal of the vehicle according to the query result, controlling the driving state of the vehicle such that the vehicle is operated by a driver or is driven by automatic operation.
Patent WO-2020199099-A1 (WO)
Inventor: Xu Chengqin
IPC: F23H1/02
Filed: 2019-04-01
Abstract: An overturning fire grate segment of an integrated garbage incinerator provided with a bead welding layer, comprising a fire grate segment body (1), wherein the fire grate segment body (1) consists of an upper end plate (1.1) and a right side plate (1.2); the upper end plate (1.1) and the right side plate (1.2) form a bending structure; a folding groove (1.3) is formed in a connecting part between the upper end plate (1.1) and the right side plate (1.2); a mounting hole is longitudinally formed in the left end of the fire grate segment body (1); and a plurality of ventilation holes (1.4) are symmetrically formed in an upper end surface (1.1A) of the upper end plate (1.1). The upper end surface (1.1A) and a right side surface (1.2A) of the fire grate segment body (1) are covered with coatings by means of bead welding; and the coatings are formed in a manner that longitudinal strip-type welding beads are overlapped in the horizontal direction one by one. The fire grate segment is low in machining cost, and the usage cycle of the fire grate segment may be further prolonged.
Patent WO-2020077965-A1 (WO)
Title: Molding method for producing positive displacement motor stator by using elastomer material
Inventor: GUO DINGYU
IPC: B29C39/02
Filed: 2019-04-15
Abstract: A molding method for producing a positive displacement motor stator by using an elastomer material, comprising the following steps: S1. sequentially roughening, cleaning and drying an inner surface of a stator tube; mixing an adhesive with a diluent and then coating on the inner surface of the dried stator tube, heating, and then saving for future use; S2. evenly coating a mold release agent on a surface of a mandrel mold, and saving for future use after heating or naturally drying; S3. assembling the processed stator tube and the processed mandrel mold to obtain a combined mold; S4. evenly mixing a prepolymer and a defoamer, and then performing vacuum degassing at a negative pressure; S5. evenly mixing the defoamed prepolymer and a curing agent, pouring the obtained mixed solution into the combined mold of step S3, sealing, grading and curing by heating; cooling after curing is complete, and extracting the mandrel mold so as to obtain a positive displacement motor stator having excellent performance in hardness, tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, permanent deformation rate, and so on.
Patent WO-2020098227-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and device for correcting non-linear errors of single-frequency laser interferometer
Inventor: HU PENGCHENG
IPC: G01B11/02
Filed: 2019-04-24
Abstract: A method and device for correcting non-linear errors of a single-frequency laser interferometer, which relate to the technical field of laser measurement. The present invention uses a liquid crystal phase retarder to generate a continuous optical path difference variation between a measurement beam and a reference beam without needing to change positions of a first mirror and a second mirror, so that an interference signal generates a sufficient phase change. The pre-extraction of feature parameters of the interference signal is achieved, and thus non-linear errors in a displacement measurement process of the single-frequency laser interferometer are corrected by using the pre-extracted feature parameters so as to achieve high-precision displacement measurement. The present invention achieves the pre-extraction of the feature parameters of the interference signal of the single-frequency laser interferometer, may effectively solve the correction problem of non-linear errors in interference measurements, especially micro-displacement measurements, and has significant technical advantages in the field of precision measurement.
Patent WO-2020098257-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZHAO FENG
IPC: G06K9/62
Filed: 2019-05-30
Abstract: An image classification method and device and a computer readable storage medium, relating to artificial intelligence. The method comprises: constructing a deep residual network, performing a pre-training on ImageNet, obtaining weights and initializing the deep residual network with the weights (S10); respectively extracting the output of the last residual unit of multiple convolution layers of the deep residual network as feature vectors (S30); reducing the dimension of the obtained feature vectors (S50), and using a classifier to classify the obtained feature vectors (S70). The method performs image classification on the basis of the features extracted from the deep residual network, the features extracted from deeper layers of the residual network can capture higher level of features and improve classification performance, the classification precision is higher than CNN, which is also of reference significance in other fields.
Patent WO-2020024697-A1 (WO)
Title: Configuration information transmission method, cu and du, and computer storage medium
Inventor: ZHOU YE
IPC: H04W74/00
Filed: 2019-06-04
Abstract: Disclosed are a configuration information transmission method, a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), and a computer storage medium, for use in reducing system overheads. The configuration information transmission method comprises: a CU of a radio access network (RAN) receives a first interface message from a DU of the RAN, wherein the first interface message carries first indication information, the first indication information is used for indicating at least one terminal device, and a bandwidth part (BWP) currently activated by the at least one terminal device is not configured with a common search space (CSS).
Patent WO-2020248127-A1 (WO)
Title: 硼氢化物还原稳定体系及酯类还原为醇类的方法
Inventor: HONG HAO
IPC: C07D213/30
Filed: 2019-06-11
Abstract: 一种硼氢化物还原稳定体系及酯类还原为醇类的方法。该硼氢化物还原稳定体系包括：硼氢化物还原剂以及稳定硼氢化物还原剂的稳定剂，硼氢化物还原剂为硼氢化钠或硼氢化钾，稳定剂为醇的碱金属盐。通过在现有的硼氢化钠/钾还原剂的基础上增加醇的碱金属盐，比如醇钠或醇钾，能够使硼氢化钠/钾还原剂在升温情况下保持稳定不分解，一方面使得还原活性维持在较高的状态，减少过量使用的情况；另一方面减少氢气的产生，降低工艺风险。