Patent GB-1001624-A (GB)
Title: Power plants for driving helicopter rotors
Inventor: QUINN NEVILLE RAYMOND LLOYD
IPC: B64C27/12
Filed: 1962-10-01
Abstract: 1,001,624. Gas turbine engines. BRISTOL SIDDELEY ENGINES Ltd. Sept. 16, 1963 [Oct. 1, 1962], No. 37184/62. Heading F1G. [Also in Division B7] The invention relates to a gas turbine engine of the type comprising a compressor 1, combustion equipment 3, a first turbine 6 which drives the compressor and a second turbine 10 which drives at least one helicopter rotor having associated with it pilot-operated control means for varying the collective pitch of the helicopter rotor or rotors. Control apparatus for the engine comprises means for controlling the fuel supply to the combustion equipment in accordance with the power output required from the free power turbine, valve apparatus by which a proportion of the products of combustion may be discharged to atmosphere from a point between the compressor turbine and the separate power turbine, and valve operating mechanism by which the valve apparatus is automatically operated in dependence upon the operating conditions of the engine. The arrangement is such that when the demand for power from the power turbine is small, the valve apparatus will automatically be caused to take up a position such that a substantial proportion of the gases discharging from the compressor driving turbine will pass direct to atmosphere, whereas the valve apparatus will be automatically closed or partially closed so as to make available a substantially immediate substantial increase in the mass flow through the power turbine if and when there is movement of a manual control representing a sudden call for extra power from the power turbine. The turbine 10 drives the rotary wing 14 by way of shaft 11, gearing 12 and shaft 13, the pitch of the blades of the rotary wing being controlled by a collective pitch lever 18 pivoted at 18a and acting through linkwork 17, 16 and pitch control mechanism 15, the lever 18 being movable from a maximum pitch position 32a to a minimum pitch position 32. A bleed port 19 is provided in the turbine casing between the compressor drive turbine 6 and the power turbine 10, the port 19 connecting with a manifold 20 and outlet duct 21 which leads to atmosphere, the duct being controlled by a valve 22, the position of which is controlled by a cam 31 which moves with the collective pitch lever 18, the cam acting on the valve by way of rod 26. The fuel control unit 4 is connected by a link 27 to a floating lever 29 one end of the lever 29 being connected by link 30 to a lever 24 pivoted at 25 and controlled by a governor 23 which is responsive to speed of the power turbine 10. The other end of the lever 29 is connected by a link 28 to the collective pitch lever 18. The arrangement is such that movement of the collective pitch lever 18 acting on fuel supply unit 4 produces an instantaneous change in the fuel supply, the governor 23 then acting to provide any correction necessary so as to maintain the speed of the rotor 14 constant. The cam 31 is shaped so that over a range of movement 32a to 33 of the lever 18 the valve 22 is maintained closed but over the range 33 to 32 the valve is progressively opened so that working fluid passes through duct 22 in progressively increasing proportion, the object being that should a rapid increase in power be necessary due to the lever 18 being moved back towards the position 32a the closing of the valve 22 will make available immediately the required mass flow through the power turbine. The embodiment of Fig. 2 is similar to that of Fig. I with the exception that the diversion valve 22 is controlled not by the collective pitch lever 18 and cam 31 but by a governor 35 responsive to the speed of the compressor and turbine assembly 1, 6 the arrangement being such that at the higher part of the speed range of the compressor turbine the governor sleeve 38 is held upwardly against the stop 37 and the valve 22 is thus kept in the closed position. When the speed of the compressor turbine drops below a predetermined value, the governor 35 acts to open the valve 22 so that the power produced by the power turbine 10 falls and the governor 23 acts on the fuel supply apparatus 4 to prevent the speed of the power turbine dropping below a predetermined value, the increase in fuel supply also affecting the power developed by the compressor turbine 5 and thus controlling the speed of the shaft 7.