Patent GB-592584-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pulse modulation systems
IPC: H03K7/08
Filed: 1944-06-05
Abstract: 592,584. Pulse modulation. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. June 5, 1944, No. 10821. Convention date, Aug. 24, 1942. [Class 40 (v)] A time modulation system comprising a source of foundation waves of fixed frequency, first clipping means adapted to transmit only those portions of said waves which lie on a given side of a predetermined threshold, second clipping means connected to receive the clipped waves from said first clipping means and adapted to transmit only those portions which lie between two predetermined limits, means for differentiating the transmitted waves to produce pulses, and means for varying the position of the foundation waves relative to said limits under the control. of modulating signals. In the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a sine wave generator 11 synchronizes a sawtooth generator 10 to produce an output the upper half of which is selected by a clipper 12 to give a wave as W, Fig. 2, which is fed through network 19, 15, 20 to the grid of a pentode 14 acting as a second clipper. The anode and screen potentials of 14 are lower than normal so that a small negative grid bias from source 21 produces cut-off. A jack 16 in the grid return lead allows the insertion of an audio modulating voltage from a microphone 30 and transformer 32. A battery 34 is so arranged that the effective modulating potential varies between zero and a negative value. Thus with maximum positive modulation, the potential applied through jack 16 is zero, and the wave applied to the grid of 14 is as W, Fig. 2, which gives an output wave X corresponding to the portion of W lying between cut-off Eco and the voltage Egc at which grid current flows. This output X is fed to a differentiating circuit 35 to produce double pulses Y which are passed to a second differentiating circuit 36 to give an output Z which is fed to a carrier wave modulator 38 and radiated from 39. The lower part of Fig. 2 shows the input wave to clipper 14 at the maximum positive peak of the modulation wave. This gives a maximum negative voltage applied to the grid of 14 and moves the curve W downwards relative to the cut-off lead. This gives narrower pulses X<1>, and thus time modulation of the pulses Y<1> and Z<1> in accordance with the modulation signal. With the saw tooth wave W having one vertical side, only one of each of the pairs of pulses Y, Z are time modulated. If it is desired that both members of a pair be time modulated, the wave W is a triangular one having two equally sloping sides produced by integrating a square wave (Fig. 4, not shown). For satisfactory modulation, the height of the pulses is made only a small fraction of the height of the original input from 10 and this is clipped in 12 to reduce the power handling capacity of unit 13. The clipper tube 14 may be replaced by two similarly arranged pentodes (Fig. 5, not shown), the two limits of the pulses X being formed by grid cut-off only in the successive valves. Fig. 6 shows an arrangement in which the saw-tooth input is replaced by a sine wave from 111 which is amplified at 110 and clipped at 112. The second clipper, unit 113 comprises opposed dry rectifiers 114, 115 or diodes having a small positive bias applied to the intermediate point M. The modulating voltage is applied at jack 116 and produces width modulated pulses which are subsequently treated as in Fig. 1. Alternatively the modulating voltage may be applied to amplitude modulate amplifier 110 through jack 109. This will necessitate an additional differentiation to produce time modulated pulses.