baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20170091275-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK HYOUNG JUN
IPC: B60H3/00
Filed: 2016-01-31
Abstract: 본 발명은 네비게이션을 이용한 공기순환 설정방법에 관한 것으로서, (a)인공위성 GPS를 통하여 차량의 현위치 정보를 전송받는 단계와, (b)차량의 위치와 지정된 목적지까지의 교통정보에 따른 예상시간을 전송받는 단계와, (c) 전송받은 예상시간에 따라 차량의 공기순환방식을 순환식으로 전기적신호를 인가하는 단계를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170091339-A (KR)
Title: Natural circulation type airhouse using geothermy
Inventor: CHUNG JONG SANG
IPC: A01G9/14
Filed: 2016-02-01
Abstract: The present invention relates to a natural circulation type airhouse using geometry, which has a double greenhouse structure including a first greenhouse and a second greenhouse, wherein the double greenhouse structure allows the first and second greenhouses to fluidically connect with each other to increase a heat-insulation effect of the second greenhouse located in the first greenhouse, thereby appropriately maintaining a greenhouse environment, and can improve soil environments by increasing air permeability of soil. The airhouse comprises: a first film dividing a space to form a first greenhouse; a second film dividing a space to form a second greenhouse in the first greenhouse; a multifunctional support fixed to the second film, supporting the second film and fluidically connecting the first greenhouse and the second greenhouse; and an air-supply tube buried under the ground on which the second greenhouse is formed to supply conditioned air to the second greenhouse.
Patent KR-20170098347-A (KR)
Title: Multifunctional pot
Inventor: KIM YONG SEOK
IPC: A01G9/10
Filed: 2016-02-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a multifunctional flowerpot. Thanks to a flowerpot port or nonwoven fabric selectively formed in the upper part of a body part, a plant can be cultivated through a bottom watering method when cultivated in the flowerpot port, while the nonwoven fabric can include a humidification function when the nonwoven fabric is formed, and moreover, a PCB, including an LED in the bottom, is formed in the lower part of the body part, and thus, the multifunctional flowerpot is capable of functioning as lighting with various colors. A storage space is formed in the flowerpot port to maintain an original purpose to cultivate a plant while at the same time a humidification function can be included to control indoor humidity when a user chooses to form a nonwoven fabric in the storage part of the body, and also, if the LED, installed in the bottom of the PCB, is turned on, delicate and soft light such as mood lighting can be provided to an indoor space at night, and thus, various functions such as a flowerpot, a humidifier, and a lamp can be performed.
Patent KR-20170101429-A (KR)
Title: Dibr 3차원 영상을 위한 특징점 기반 워터마킹 방법 및 장치
Inventor: LEE HEUNG KYU
IPC: G06T1/00
Filed: 2016-02-29
Abstract: DIBR 3차원 영상을 위한 특징점 기반 워터마킹 방법 및 장치가 개시된다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 특징점 기반 워터마크 삽입 방법은 영상으로부터 특징점들을 추출하는 단계; 상기 추출된 특징점들에 기초하여 워터마크를 삽입할 삽입 영역을 결정하는 단계; 상기 결정된 삽입 영역을 공간 도메인에서 주파수 도메인으로 변환하고, 주파수 도메인으로 변환된 상기 삽입 영역에 미리 결정된 워터마크를 삽입하는 단계; 및 상기 워터마크가 삽입된 상기 삽입 영역을 공간 도메인으로 변환하는 단계를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170101530-A (KR)
Title: 다중 광학계를 갖는 광원모듈
Inventor: JOO JAE YOUNG
IPC: G02B6/02
Filed: 2016-02-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 복수의 광학계를 이용하여 고연색성의 광원을 제공하는 다중 광학계를 갖는 광원모듈을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 발명은 기판; 상기 기판 상에 설치된 적어도 하나 이상의 LED 칩; 상기 LED 칩 상에 설치되고, 상기 LED 칩에서 발광되는 빛을 파장 변환하는 형광체; 상기 LED 칩의 주변에 설치한 프레임; 상기 LED 칩이 밀폐되도록 프레임과 결합한 투광부; 및 상기 투광부의 상면 및 하면 중 적어도 하나에 설치되어 상기 LED 칩에서 발광되는 빛의 발산각을 감소시켜 출력되도록 하는 광학계를 포함한다. 따라서 본 발명은 광원에서 발광된 빛이 복수의 광학계를 이용하여 광섬유로의 입사량이 증가되도록 개선하여 고연색성의 광원을 제공할 수 있는 장점이 있다.
Patent KR-20170103430-A (KR)
Inventor: HWANG MYUNG HEO
IPC: B63B39/00
Filed: 2016-03-04
Abstract: 본 발명은 선박이 바다 위에 정선하거나 부두나 선착장에 정박했을 때, 파고로부터 선체의 자세를 안전하게 유지시키고, 선박의 전복을 방지시키기 위한 선박의 자세 안정 및 전복 방지장치에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20170103476-A (KR)
Title: Composition for prevention or treatment of oral disease comprising ROSAE LAEVIGATAE Extract
Inventor: YU JUNG HEON
IPC: A61Q11/00
Filed: 2016-03-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a Rosae laevigata extract for preventing, alleviating, or treating oral diseases, wherein the composition is safe to a human body and has an excellent effect. The Rosae laevigata extract is included in an amount of 0.001 to 10 wt% on the basis of the total weight of the composition, and the Rosae laevigata extract is extracted by using at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water, distilled water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, ether, benzene, chloroform, ethylacetate, methylene chloride, n-hexane, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, diethylether, and cyclohexane.
Patent KR-20170105229-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG KYOUNG MOON
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2016-03-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a polarizing plate and an image display device including the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polarizing plate and an image display device including the same, wherein the polarizing plate has a polyvinyl alcohol based polarizer and a protective substrate including poly (vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol) co-polymer resin which is located on at least one surface of the polarizer and has less than or equal to 40% of vinyl alcohol content, so that a display device including the polarizing plate can be made thinner and lighter. Because of a small difference in properties between the polarizer and a coating layer, a problem of optical property degradation due to a refractive index difference and problems such as bending and cracks that may occur in cutting, exposure to a harsh environment, etc. can be decreased.
Patent KR-20170107257-A (KR)
Title: Functional pillow
Inventor: LEE YOUNG GOO
IPC: A47G9/10
Filed: 2016-03-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a functional pillow, and particularly, to a functional pillow, which can be conveniently used while freely adjusting the height and interval of a pillow according to body conditions of a user, and when forming a pillow for supporting a head, the pillow has first and second holding parts having different height for supporting the head in a state in which the pillow is separated from upper front and rear sides of the supporting part supported on the ground surface, wherein the first holding part has one end fixed to the supporting part and the other end capable of sliding in front and rear directions by a slide member fixed and coupled to the first holding part, and the second holding part can freely adjust the height by a height adjustment member provided at a lower portion of the second holding part in a state in which a guide rod provided at both upper sides of the supporting part is inserted into a guide hole formed inwardly and is freely lifted and lowered.
Patent KR-20160126857-A (KR)
Title: Complex for anode active material, anode including the complex, lithium secondary battery including the anode, and method of preparing the complex
Inventor: JEON SEONG HO
IPC: H01M4/133
Filed: 2016-03-17
Abstract: Disclosed are: a negative electrode active material composite; a negative electrode comprising the composite; a lithium secondary battery comprising the negative electrode; and a producing method of the composite. The disclosed negative electrode active material composite comprises: a conductive skeleton having a spherical thread skein shape; and metal particles dispersed in the conductive skeleton.
Patent KR-20170108713-A (KR)
Inventor: CHUNG EUI YOUNG
IPC: G06F12/08
Filed: 2016-03-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a technical idea to improve the speed of a hardware accelerator and to save a space of a memory. According to one side of the present invention, a main memory at least temporarily realized by a computer comprises: a memory; and an accelerator performing an operation for accelerating hardware and sharing a storage space of the memory with a host processor.
Patent KR-20170111566-A (KR)
Inventor: WOO JUNG JE
IPC: H01M2/34
Filed: 2016-03-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 리튬 이차전지에 관한 것으로서, 특히 이차전지의 음극과 분리막 사이에 마이크로 캡슐이 형성되고, 상기 마이크로 캡슐은 그 내부에 상기 이차전지 과충전 시 상기 음극에서 석출되는 리튬을 안정화시키는 안정화물질이 담지되어, 리튬을 안정화시키는 안정화물질이 담지된 마이크로 캡슐의 표면이 열가소성 수지층으로 코팅된 형태로 제공됨으로써 내부에 존재하는 리튬금속 안정화물질의 방출 온도를 조절할 수 있고, 크기가 마이크로 사이즈로 매우 작아서 과충전 안전성 개선이 필요한 소형의 전지 등 여러 분야에 다양하게 적용될 수 있어 상품성을 향상시키며, 과충전에 의한 이상 발열 시에만 마이크로 캡슐 표면이 녹아 이차전지의 동작을 정지시키고 리튬 안정화물질이 석출되어 리튬의 수분 반응성을 완화하여 리튬 이차전지의 발화 또는 폭발 발생을 억제함으로써 안전성을 증대시키는데 효과 있도록 하는 것이다.
Patent KR-20170111726-A (KR)
Inventor: LI JE HU
IPC: E03D9/02
Filed: 2016-03-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 세정제를 담는 병, 병을 거치시키고 세정제를 하부로 유출시키는 디스펜서, 디스펜서 하부에 삽입되며 변기로부터 세척수를 포집하고 세정제를 집적시킬 수 있는 플레이트 및 변기의 테두리에 디스펜서를 고정시킬 수 있는 후크로 이루어진 변기 세정장치에 있어서, 상기 디스펜서 전면에 방향제 수용이 가능한 오목부를 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방향제가 구비된 변기 세정장치를 제공함으로써 오목부 내에 젤 형태의 방향제를 삽입하여 변기 내벽 세척 이외에 방향 및 탈취 효과도 얻을 수 있도록 하는 방향제가 구비된 변기 세정장치에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20170065424-A (KR)
Title: 초음파 치료용 헤드
Inventor: JUNG SUNG JAE
IPC: A61N7/02
Filed: 2016-03-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 초음파 치료용 헤드에 관한 것으로서, 제1액츄에이터와 제2액츄에이터의 작동에 따른 스테이지의 피봇 운동이 피팅부재에 의해 카트리지의 내부에 구비된 트랜스듀서가 평면운동이 가능함으로서 원하는 깊이의 치료부위에 균일한 에너지를 인가하여 치료 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다.
Patent KR-20170116881-A (KR)
Title: 복수의 공극을 포함한 질화물 반도체 기판 및 그 제조 방법
Inventor: LEE HYUN JAE
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 2016-04-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 복수의 공극을 포함한 질화물 반도체 기판 및 그 제조 방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 성장된 질화물 반도체층에 크롬등을 도핑하고 도핑된 질화물 반도체층의 화학적 분해를 유도하여, 질화물 반도체층 내부에 다수의 공극이 형성된 복수의 공극을 포함한 질화물 반도체 기판 및 그 제조 방법에 관한 것이다. 
또한, 본 발명에 따르면, 기판; 및 내부에 복수의 공극을 포함한 도핑된 질화물 반도체층을 포함하고 상기 기판에 형성되어 있는 질화물 반도체층을 포함하는 복수의 공극을 포함한 질화물 반도체 기판과, 기판에 도핑된 질화물 반도체층을 포함하는 질화물 반도체층을 형성하는 단계; 및  상기 질화물 반도체층을 열처리하여 상기 도핑된 질화물 반도체층에 다수의 공극을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 복수의 공극을 포함한 질화물 반도체 기판 제조 방법을 제공하여 질화물 반도체의 크랙(Crack)이나 휨(Bowing)을 감소시킬 수 있어 고품질의 질화물 반도체 기판이 가능하다.
Patent KR-20170117812-A (KR)
Title: 유기소자의 정공차단층 및/또는 전자수송층에 사용될 수 있는 신규한 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기박막의 제조방법 및 유기발광소자
Inventor: LEE SUNG KOO
IPC: H01L51/00
Filed: 2016-04-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 수소결합이 가능하고, 피리미딘 고리를 포함하는 치환기를 적어도 2개 이상 구비하는 신규한 정공차단 및/또는 전자수송 저분자 화합물을 제공하며, 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 화합물은 70 내지 170℃의 비교적 저온에서 피리미딘 고리를 포함하는 치환기간의 수소결합으로 열적 안정성이 우수한 유기박막을 형성할 수 있으며, 용액공정을 통해 다층 유기박막을 형성하여도 인접한 층이 용해되는 현상이 발생하지 않으며, 본 발명에 따른 화합물을 유기발광소자의 정공차단층 및/또는 전자수송층에 적용할 시 유기발광소자의 전기적·광학적 특성을 저해시키지 않으면서 우수한 효율의 소자를 제조할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명에 따른 화합물은 저가의 용액공정으로 유기소자의 기능성 층을 형성함에 따라 소자의 저비용화 및 대면적화에 기여할 수 있다는 이점을 갖는다.
Patent KR-20170048126-A (KR)
Title: High electron mobility transistor and fabrication method thereof
IPC: H01L29/778
Filed: 2016-04-19
Abstract: Disclosed are a high electron mobility transistor and a method for producing the same. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: producing a base layer on a substrate in which a source electrode wire formation region is defined; producing a source electrode having a penetration hole formed therein at the top of the base layer of the source electrode wire formation region, and producing a drain electrode at the top of the base layer separated from the source electrode wire formation region; producing a first insulation layer on the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the front surface of the base layer; producing a gate electrode on the exposed base layer by removing the first insulation layer in a predetermined region between the source electrode and the drain electrode; producing a second insulation layer on the front surface thereof; producing a source electrode wire via by etching, at a predetermined depth from the front surface, the first insulation layer, the base layer, and the substrate in the penetration hole of the source electrode in the source electrode wire formation region; producing a source electrode pad via and a drain electrode pad via by removing a part of the second insulation layer and the first insulation layer ate the top of the source electrode and by removing a part of the second insulation layer and the first insulation layer at the top of the drain electrode; and producing a source electrode wire via pad, a source electrode pad, and a drain electrode pad by charging the source electrode wire via, the source electrode pad via, and the drain electrode pad via with a conductor.
Patent KR-20170120818-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JONG CHEOL
IPC: D04H1/541
Filed: 2016-04-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing composite fiber with enhanced adhesive force between a substrate and nanofiber non-woven fabric. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing composite fiber with enhanced adhesive force between a substrate and nanofiber non-woven fabric, which comprises the steps of: preparing a thermoplastic polyurethane substrate; making an electrospinning apparatus electrospin a polymer spinning solution on a first release sheet to form first nanofiber non-woven fabric composed of polymer; making the electrospinning apparatus electrospin the polymer spinning solution on a second release sheet to form second nanofiber non-woven fabric composed of polymer; and laminating the formed first nanofiber non-woven fabric on one side surface of the thermoplastic polyurethane substrate and the second nanofiber non-woven fabric on the other side surface and performing thermal melting, wherein the total basis weight of the nanofiber non-woven fabric is 1 to 20 g/m^2 inclusive. The present invention provides the nanofiber laminated composite fiber, in which the nanofiber is attached firmly to substrate fiber even without other separated adhesive or hot melt layer, thereby preventing separation even after cleaning is performed multiple times.
Patent KR-20170120988-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG YONG JIN
IPC: B65D85/50
Filed: 2016-04-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a sushi packing box which prevents degradation of appetite and deterioration of a quality caused by mixture of a garnish and a sauce or separation of a garnish and a sauce from sushi by blocking both side surfaces of the sushi where the garnish and the sauce are put, and is able to smoothly reduce drop of a flavor and an aesthetic sense of the sushi itself due to The present invention relates to a sushi packaging container for smoothly reducing the drop of the flavor and aesthetics of the sushi itself due to the mixture of the garnish and the sauce. The sushi packing box comprises: a rectangular container portion having an upper portion thereof opened, a lower portion thereof closed, and a plurality of sushi pieces placed on a flat inner surface; a cover for covering an opened upper portion of the container portion, having a lower portion opened and a upper portion closed, and in which a lower end thereof is detachably fitted to an upper end of the container portion; a garnish separation preventing portion provided on an inner side of the container portion, provided relatively higher than the container portion, and covering at least two side surfaces of at least two sushi to prevent the garnish from being separated from the sushi.
Patent KR-20170123004-A (KR)
Inventor: YEOM HAN GYUN
IPC: B29D99/00
Filed: 2016-04-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to a mold of a foam pad integrated with a heater for a vehicle seat, and to a manufacturing method thereof. The mold comprises: a heater member in which a heating wire is sewed on a bottom surface of a flame retardant fabric; a soft film attached to the bottom surface of the flame retardant fabric while surrounding the heating wire; a lower mold for molding a foaming pad which has the heater member and the soft film sequentially combined on the upper surface thereof by having a harness connector connected to an end of the heating wire out of the flame retardant fabric is accommodated therein along with a foaming solution; and an upper mold for sealing the lower mold by being rotatably coupled to the lower mold. A plurality of installation grooves are provided on a bottom surface of the lower mold. In the installation groove part, a bottom surface part of a Velcro injection-molded product is detachably installed on the upper surface of the installation groove part so that the flame retardant fabric is fixed to the upper surface thereof. In an upper side of one side of the lower mold, the harness connector is seated and fixed, and an installation member in which a terminal fitting hole of an upper surface forms the same line as an upper surface of a lower mold is provided. A heater-integrated foaming pad is produced through such a mold.
Patent KR-20170123204-A (KR)
Inventor: SHCHEKIN Alexey Andreevich
IPC: G01N21/64
Filed: 2016-05-09
Abstract: An apparatus for detecting biometric information and a method of detecting biometric information are disclosed. In the apparatus for detecting biometric information, primary light, which is coherent light, is emitted to a part of a subject for detecting biometric information by a light irradiation part. The optical path of secondary light scattered from the subject is changed, extended or delayed in an optical path conversion part, and then the secondary light is detected in an optical detection part. The secondary light may have the speckle pattern information of a region of the subject. The control unit detects the biometric information of the subject using the speckle pattern information. The optical path conversion part may include a reflecting surface capable of reflecting the secondary light to change, extend or delay the optical path of the secondary light. It is possible to non-invasively detect and analyze the biometric information of the subject.
Patent KR-20160056867-A (KR)
Title: Feedback in medical ultrasound imaging for high intensity focused ultrasound
Inventor: FAN LIEXIANG
IPC: G01S7/52
Filed: 2016-05-11
Abstract: The present invention provides location feedback for high intensity focused ultrasound. A location of a beam from a HIFU converter is measured by using ultrasound imaging. The ultrasound imaging detects tissue displacement caused by a bean transferred from the HIFU converter. The displacement or information made from the displacement can be used in detecting the location of the beam and imagining. A separate converter can be used for HIFU and imaging. A user focuses on HIFU transmission by feedback from ultrasound which images the tissue displacement.
Patent KR-20170129572-A (KR)
Inventor: KWAK DONG HOON
IPC: A47L5/08
Filed: 2016-05-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaner, wherein a driving wheel driving a body is connected to a rotating shaft of a drive motor through a connector to reduce resistance interrupting rotation of the driving wheel. Therefore, even when the body is forcibly moved in a state in which the drive motor is turned off, the driving wheel can be smoothly rotated without slipping. Moreover, the drive motor is accommodated in an additional motor cover or a partition wall formed in the body to prevent water from penetrating into the drive motor.
Patent KR-20170130186-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JAE GEAL
IPC: E04C2/52
Filed: 2016-05-18
Abstract: The present invention provides a flame and heat shielding member to shield flame and heat to penetrate into the inside of sandwich panels on a connection joint between the sandwich panels. According to the present invention, the flame and heat shielding member to shield flame and heat to penetrate into the inside of sandwich panels in case of fire comprises: a shielding layer expanding in case of fire to block transmission of flame and heat; and a bonding layer formed on one surface of the shielding layer. According to the present invention, the flame and heat shielding member to shield flame and heat to penetrate into the inside of the sandwich panels on the connection joint between the sandwich panels is used to block rapid progress of fire to improve fire safety.
Patent KR-20170132530-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO YOUNG TAE
IPC: F21V29/67
Filed: 2016-05-24
Abstract: The present invention relates to a compulsory heat radiation type LED light using a thermo-electric element and, more specifically, to a compulsory heat radiation type LED light using a thermo-electric element which applies the thermo-electric element and a heat sink thereto and absorbs heat generated therefrom through the thermo-electric element whereas radiating the absorbed heat through the heat sink, thereby being capable of maintaining the temperature thereof at the temperature optimal for being driven. To this end, the compulsory heat radiation type LED light using the thermo-electric element according to the present invention includes: an LED module; and the heat sink formed at a rear side of the LED module to absorb the heat from the LED module, wherein the thermo-electric element is formed between the LED module and the heat sink to absorb the heat compulsorily from the LED module for adjusting the temperature of the LED module.
Patent KR-20170140884-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG SANG GYU
IPC: F16B5/02
Filed: 2016-06-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus to test expansion and waterproof performances of an expansion joint for a bridge, comprising: a plurality of guide rails disposed in parallel; a fixated side specimen mounting unit installed to fixate one side of the guide rails to detachably couple one side of an expansion joint specimen; a moving side specimen mounting unit installed in the other side of the guide rails to be able to slide, to detachably couple to the other side of the expansion joint specimen; a reciprocating unit to reciprocate the moving side specimen mounting unit; and a load cell to measure a force applied to the reciprocating unit. According to the present invention, the expansion and waterproof performances of the expansion joint installed in the bridge are tested in a condition like an actual situation; thereby correctly measuring performance of the expansion joint.
Patent KR-20170142315-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JAE WOO
IPC: C01G25/02
Filed: 2016-06-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to zirconia ceramic microbeads for dispersion of nanoparticles. An objective of the present invention is to provide microbeads of zirconium oxide having extremely high hardness and high density which are particularly suitable as a medium mainly used in a high speed-medium stirring mill. The zirconia ceramic microbeads of the present invention satisfy conditions including an average diameter of 30 to 40 m, a sphericity of 1.04 to 1.15, and a standard deviation of 0.004 mm of a diameter distribution average diameter of 0.036 mm by suspending a zirconium oxide powder in an organic liquid to obtain a suspension, adding an aliphatic alcohol or a fatty acid to the suspension in an amount which is sufficiently controlling coalescence between the zirconium oxide powder and the organic liquid, sufficiently mixing the suspension with the aliphatic alcohol or the fatty acid to obtain a mixture, adding water as a crosslinking liquid to the mixture, and granulating and sintering the resulting material. The zirconia ceramic microbeads according to the present invention are capable of obtaining an excellent result in the purity of fine powder by enabling a purity drop of a product powder after the mill treatment process to be controlled to an extremely low level compared to a raw material powder before a mill treatment process since it is possible to additionally perform pulverization, dispersion and mixing processes, and impurities due to wear of the medium are generated in an extremely low amount when using the zirconia ceramic microbeads for the nanoparticle dispersion as a medium of the high speed-medium stirring mill compared to when using a conventional medium. Further, the zirconia ceramic microbeads according to the present invention have a very sharp particle size distribution, and enable equal quality of the powder to be obtained since the powder as a product of the mill has a sharp particle diameter distribution when using the zirconia ceramic microbeads as the medium.