baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent FR-2707294-B1 (FR)
Inventor: FRANCIS COLPAERT
IPC: A61K31/53
Filed: 1993-07-06
Granted: 1995-09-29
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR94/00772 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 26, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 26, 1996 PCT Filed Jun. 27, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/01965 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 19, 1995A 3,5-dioxo-(2H,4H)-1,2,4-triazine compounds of formula I I in which: R1 and R2, which are identical or different, represent hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, n is 2 to 6, inclusive, A represents aryl piperazino II II the Ar grouping representing phenyl, naphthyl, pyrimidyl, or pyridyl, unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, or halogen, or III benzodioxanyl-methyl-amino or pyridodioxanyl-methyl-amino III in which R represents hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl and X represents a nitrogen or carbon atom, therapeutically-acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and method for treatment of diseases requiring a 5HT1A receptor agonist therewith.
Patent FR-2730501-B1 (FR)
Inventor: CAMERON CHARLES
IPC: C07C41/06
Filed: 1995-02-15
Granted: 1997-04-18
Abstract: A fuel compsn. for I.C. engines contains additives obtd. from a mixt. of 5-8C etherifiable and potentially etherifiable olefinic hydrocarbons by the following process:- (a) catalytic etherification of the etherifiable olefins in the presence of a 1-4C alcohol such that the molar ratio of alcohol, olefin is at least 1:1; (b) sepn. of the ethers formed at (a) from the potentially etherifiable olefins; (c) transformation of the potentially etherifiable cpds. to etherifiable olefins in the presence of the alcohol; and (d) finishing of the etherification reaction (a), giving a mixt. rich in ethers.
Patent FR-2744839-B1 (FR)
Inventor: DUBOIS JEAN MARIE
IPC: G02B5/22
Filed: 1995-04-04
Granted: 1999-04-30
Abstract: The invention relates to a device that absorbs infra-red radiation, which comprises as a coupler element for the infra-red radiation, an element made of a quasi-crystalline alloy, made up of one or more quasi-crystalline phases, the volume of which represents at least 40% by volume of the quasi-crystalline alloy, a quasi-crystalline phase being either a quasi-crystalline phase in the strict sense, or an approximating phase or an approximating compound. The invention is used in applications such as in a bolometer, infra-red filter, thermocouple, or hot plate.
Patent FR-2745671-B1 (FR)
Inventor: MOREY GILLES MARCEL
IPC: H04B1/30
Filed: 1996-03-04
Granted: 1998-05-15
Abstract: The method involves using a receiver (25) with a clock (29) to determine the period of blocking and unblocking sequences of an oscillator-detector (27) to make it sensitive to the signal at a nominal reception frequency. Radio waves are transmitted by nearby equipment (28) at this frequency which is subject to spaced out time periods of operation or of maximum radiation so the sensitive phase and operating or radiating phase do not coincide. The transmitted radiation may be detected and the relative phase shifted by a preset amount. A characteristic of the received signal and the equipment signal may be compared and a given shift value provided where the characteristics are different.
Patent FR-2780061-B1 (FR)
Inventor: VISKOV CHRISTIAN
IPC: A61K38/00
Filed: 1998-06-22
Granted: 2001-09-07
Abstract: The invention concerns a novel method for preparing an intermediate polyanion for preparing cyclosporin derivatives by treating a cyclosporin with a hexamethyldisilazane metal salt, optionally in the presence of a metal halide. The treated cyclosporin has one or several free hydroxy groups and/or non-methylated nitrogen atoms in position α and/or any other acid group capable of deprotonation which are optionally deprotonated or in protected form.
Patent FR-2788995-B1 (FR)
Inventor: EYRAUD PHILIPPE
IPC: B01F13/08
Filed: 1999-01-28
Granted: 2001-04-06
Abstract: The rotor can be moved in translation parallel to the X-X' axis inside the sleeve between a first position where the two means of coupling are matching to drive the helix in rotation and a second position where they do not interact or interact little, so the helix can be displaced relative to the sleeve without the two couplings interacting  The agitator comprises a union (5) which can be mounted in a sealed fashion in a wall (2a) of a receiver with a blind sleeve (10) inside which is fitted a rotor (20) supporting a first magnetic coupling (21). A helix (8) placed around the sleeve is equipped with a second magnetic coupling (17) to drive the helix around an axis (X-X') of rotation. The rotor can be moved in rotation around and parallel to the axis X-X' by a drive shaft (22) which is itself movable in rotation around and parallel to the X-X' axis between two positions corresponding to those of the rotor. The rotor has a central hollow to receive a screw for mounting the rotor on the shaft, with the screw placed along the X-X' axis. The rotor and/or shaft can be immobilized during their parallel movement in an intermediate position. The drive shaft is mounted to slide inside a hollow shaft which is the output from a reduction gear, with the two shafts fixed together in rotation. The hollow shaft has a screw which acts with a fillet fixed to the drive shaft. The parallel movement is controlled by a hydraulic or pneumatic jack. Process of controlling couple transmitted to a magnetic agitator as described above by controlling the position of the rotor along the X-X' axis.
Patent FR-2790702-B1 (FR)
Inventor: DEROUAULT PHILIPPE
IPC: B29C49/04
Filed: 1999-03-08
Granted: 2001-07-20
Abstract: The invention concerns a molding unit for an extrusion-blow molding machine comprising a mold in two parts, each mold-half (12, 14) being borne by a moveable support (16, 18), and of the type in which the molding unit (10) comprises, between at least one of the mold-halves (12) and the associated support (16), compensating means (30) which push the mold-half transversely toward the other mold-half, characterized in that the mechanism (24) for moving the supports is linked to at least said associated support (32), by means of elastically deformable means that are suitable for compensating for the deformation of the support (15[sic], 32), created by the forces exerted by the compensating means (30).
Patent FR-2799198-B1 (FR)
Inventor: JOUSSE FRANCK
IPC: H01M8/10
Filed: 1999-10-04
Granted: 2002-05-03
Abstract: The invention concerns a block polyimide formed with blocks or sequences represented by the following formulae (Ix) and (Iy) wherein: x is a real number between 5 and 10, and y is a real number not less than x; and the groups C1 and C2 can be identical or different and represent each a tetravalent group comprising at least a carbonaceous aromatic cycle, optionally substituted, having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and/or an aromatic heterocycle, optionally substituted, having 5 to 10 carbon atoms and comprising one or several heteroatoms selected among S, N and O; C1 and C2 forming each, with the neighbouring imide groups cycles with 5 or 6 atoms; the groups Ar1 and Ar2 can be identical or different and represent each a divalent group comprising at least a carbonaceous aromatic cycle, optionally substituted, having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and/or an aromatic heterocycle, optionally substituted, having 5 to 10 carbon atoms and comprising one or several heteroatoms selected among S, N and O; at least one of said carbonaceous aromatic cycles or heterocycle of Ar2 being, moreover, substituted by a sulphonic acid group. The invention also concerns a membrane containing said sulphonated polyimide and a fuel cell device comprising at least one of said membranes.
Patent HR-P920979-B1 (HR)
Title: Novel 3-cycloalkylpropanamides,their tautomers and salts, process for their preparation, their use as medicaments and compositions containing them
Inventor: HAMBLETON PHILIP THOMAS
IPC: C07D317/66
Filed: 1992-10-02
Abstract: A compound selected from the group consisting of all tautomeric forms of a cycloalkyl-propanamide of the formula    <IMAGE>  I  wherein R1 is cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -NO2, azido, -CN, alkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -(CH2)m-CF3, -O-(CH2)m-CF3, -S-(CH2)m-CF3, m is an integer from 0 to 3, -CF2-Hal, -OCF2-Hal,   <IMAGE>    <IMAGE>   n is an integer from 1 to 3, Hal, Hal1, and Hal2 and Hal3 are individually halogen, and -COR', R' is -OH or alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or R4 and R5 together are -O-CH2-O- and their non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable basic salts having anti-inflammatory activity.
Patent HR-P931371-B1 (HR)
Title: Automatic switch, in particular safety circuit breaker
Inventor: BOEKER GUENTER
IPC: H01H71/74
Filed: 1993-11-04
Abstract: 2.1. In such circuit breakers, it is necessary to transmit the movement of a trip device by means of an intermediate element onto a locking point of the circuit breaker mechanism. In this arrangement, an adjustment capability must be provided in the transmission path for matching the trip device functions. The invention provides an adjusting device which is of simple construction and is non-interacting. 2.2. For this purpose, a trip lever (3), which can be rotated by a trip device (4), is arranged eccentrically such that it can pivot on an adjustable bearing body (2). By adjustment of the toothed bearing body (2), which is preferably arranged on the circumference side, by means of an adjusting tool (7), the trip lever (3), which acts on a latching pin (5) of the switch mechanism, can be set to predetermined nominal value functions. 2.3. The arrangement is especially suitable as an adjusting device for the thermal trip device of a power circuit breaker. <IMAGE>
Patent HU-223858-B1 (HU)
Inventor: LOPATA JOHN E
IPC: H01R12/71
Filed: 2002-03-20
Abstract: A találmány tárgya olyan LGA csatlakozó  (20),  amely  nyílással  (23)rendelkező keretet  (21)  tartalmaz;  a  keret  (21)  nyílásában  (23)elrendezett ellentétes oldali első  és  második  felülettel  (32,  33)rendelkező rugalmas csatlakozótestet (22) tartalmaz; továbbá  első  ésmásodik végekkel  (29,  30)  rendelkező  konduktív  érintkezőket  (28)tartalmaz, amelyek a csatlakozótestben (22) előre meghatározott  mintaszerint vannak behelyezve, és az első és második  érintkezővégek  (29,30) a csatlakozótest (22) első és második felületén (32, 33) keresztüla csatlakozótestből  (22)  kiállóan  vannak  elhelyezve.  A  találmánylényege, hogy az érintkezők (28) egyetlen vezeték- (63) szálból vannakkialakítva, az egyes vezeték- (63) szálak kettős ágú  érintkezőt  (28)formázó módon önmagukra vissza vannak hajlítva, az érintkezők  (28)  arugalmas csatlakozótestbe (22) tűzéssel vannak behelyezve, és a kettőságú érintkezőket (28) alkotó vezeték- (63) szálak  redundáns  áramköriútvonalakat megvalósító módon vannak  elhelyezve  a  csatlakozótestben(22). ŕ
Patent HU-220679-B1 (HU)
Title: Template set
Inventor: GEBEL THOMAS
IPC: B62D31/02
Filed: 1999-08-09
Abstract: For the mounting of windows in buses and similar passenger transportation vehicles, a set of profiled strips is provided, the set comprising a uniform base profile (5), a covering profile (6) and a uniform adaptor profile (7) for supporting a cover (20). The base profile (5) is designed in such a manner that it fits against horizontally and vertically aligned struts (1, 2) of a window wall, optionally after prior trimming. The base profile, which has an approximately L-shaped cross section, is provided with a groove (12) which serves as a clip holder and into which a clip web (17) on the covering profile (6) or a clip web (19) on the adaptor profile (7) can be clipped. The profiles (5, 6 and 7) consist in each case of sections of extruded profiled strips which have been cut to size.
Patent JP-S5341200-B1 (JP)
IPC: C08J5/22
Filed: 1969-04-26
Abstract: 1301187 Ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis ASAHI KASEI KOGYO KK 22 April 1970 [26 April 1969] 19188/70 Heading C7B [Also in Divisions B1 C3] Ion-exchange membranes for use in electrodialysis comprise a crosslinked resin graft polymerized to a fabric embedded in the resin, the fabric before graft polymerization having voids of uniform size uniformly distributed therein and a free space content of 10 to 90%, the voids being filled with the resin, which is derived from at least one monomer having an ion-exchange group or a functional group capable of introducing an ion-exchange group. The membranes have a specific conductance of 0À5 to 20 x 10<SP>-3</SP>ohms<SP>-1</SP>cm<SP>-1</SP>. In the examples the membranes comprise (a) polypropylene mesh cloth grafted with 2-vinyl-5- ethylpyridene or 4-vinylpyridine, styrene and divinyl benzene, the graft polymer being quaterrized with methyl iodide; (b) polypropylene or polyacrylonitride cloth grafted with styrene and divinylbenzene, the graft polymer being sulphonated; (c) nylon cloth grafted with 1-vinyl-2- methylimidazole, and styrene, the graft polymer being quaterized as in (a); (d) polypropylene cloth grafted with acrylic acid, or n-butyl vinylsulphonate, styrene and divinyl benzene, the graft polymer being treated with NaOH; (e) polypropylene cloth grafted as in (b), the graft polymer being chloromethylated and then aminated with trimethylamine. The polypropylene anion and cationexchange membranes prepared as in (a) and (b) are tested in a multi-compartment electrodialysis apparatus, to which is applied a direct current of 8A and into which sea water is introduced. The cation-exchange membrane prepared as in (d) from polypropylene, acrylic acid styrene and divinylbenzene is used in the electrolysis of sodium chloride using 5N-NaOH as catholyte and 5N-Na Cl as anolyte.
Patent JP-2868012-B1 (JP)
Title: 受信方法および受信装置
IPC: H04B1/10
Filed: 1998-02-27
Granted: 1999-03-10
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  遅延波の遅延時間差が整数倍でない場合でも ＢＥＲ特性を改善し、サンプルタイミングオフセット存 在化においてもＢＥＲ特性を安定化する受信方法および 受信装置を提供すること。
【解決手段】  アレーアンテナとビタビアルゴリズムを 組み合わせた受信方式において、分数間隔の遅延プロフ ァイルの中から受信電力の大きな直接波および遅延波を 選択する。そして、それぞれの推定チャネルインパルス 応答とサンプル位相の受信データを用いてそれぞれのパ スを拘束するアレーウェイトとアレー出力応答を求め、 直接波と選択した遅延波を抽出する両ステアリングベク タアレーの出力をブランチメトリック合成を行い、直接 波と選択した遅延波に対する候補信号を持つマルチトレ リス構造のビタビアルゴリズムで信号系列の推定を行 う。
Patent JP-2888820-B1 (JP)
Title: 防災用地下収納庫
IPC: A62C2/00
Filed: 1998-03-17
Granted: 1999-05-10
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  金庫に勝る防災用地下収納庫を提供する。
【解決手段】  床蓋１４を備えた床部１下の地中Ｅに容 器２を埋設する。容器２は開口部３に蓋４を施錠及び密 閉可能に冠して内部に水や空気を流通させない。開口部 ３の外周部に砂等の耐火性粒体１３を投入した堤部５を 形成する。堤部５は火災に際して焼却又は溶解して内部 の耐火性粒体１３を蓋４及び開口部３の上に落下させて それを覆い熱害から保護する。
Patent JP-3065603-B1 (JP)
Title: 操縦装置
IPC: B64C13/08
Filed: 1999-03-18
Granted: 2000-07-17
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  操縦部のフィール特性を任意に設定できる操 縦装置を提供する。
【解決手段】  操縦装置は、筐体に対して角変位自在に 支持されたスティック３と、スティック３の角変位量を 検出してスティック位置信号Ｓθを出力するスティック ポジションセンサ４と、スティック３の中立点を基準と して角変位量に応じた操作力を発生するフィールスプリ ング６と、フィールスプリング６を介してスティック３ に連結され、スティック３を駆動して中立点を移動させ るためのバックドライブユニット１０と、スティック３ の操作力を検出してスティックフォース信号ＳＦを出力 するフォースセンサ５と、スティック位置信号Ｓθおよ びスティックフォース信号ＳＦに基づいて、スティック ３の角変位量と操作力との関係が所望の特性となるよう にバックドライブユニット１０を制御する飛行制御コン ピュータ３０およびバックドライブ制御装置２０などで 構成される。
Patent NL-2015699-B1 (NL)
Title: Automatische blusinrichting voor een schoorsteen.
Inventor: OSCAR BEIJERT
IPC: A62C3/04
Filed: 2015-10-30
Granted: 2017-05-31
Abstract: De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een blusinrichting (1) met een temperatuur afhankelijk afdichtelement (20), de blusinrichting (1) omvattende een container (10) met een containervolume (11), de container (10) omvattende een eerste zijde (13) met een opening (12) met een temperatuur afhankelijke afdichtelement (20), waarbij het temperatuur afhankelijke afdichtelement (20) een materiaal (25) omvat welke verzwakt bij een vooraf gedefinieerde veranderingstemperatuur, en waarbij het temperatuur afhankelijke afdichtelement (20) is geconfigureerd om de opening (12) ten minste ten dele vrij te maken bij blootstelling aan de geselecteerde veranderingstemperatuur of een hogere temperatuur, waarbij de veranderingstemperatuur wordt gekozen in het bereik van 400-1000 °C, waarbij het containervolume (11) een eerste blusmiddel (30) met een eerste volume (31) en een veegelement (60) omvat.
Patent NL-2017351-B1 (NL)
Title: An automated feed ration preparation system for preparing a feed ration for animals with at least one roughage feed type
Inventor: JAN MARTINUS VAN KUILENBURG
IPC: A01K5/02
Filed: 2016-08-23
Granted: 2018-03-06
Abstract: An automated feed ration preparation system for preparing a feed ration for animals with a feed ration container with an inlet and a dispensing outlet, a roughage storage for a roughage feed type, a roughage dispensing device to dispense quantities of roughage from the storage into the feed ration container; a powder storage container for containing a powder, a powder dispensing device to dispense the powder from the powder storage container into the feed ration container, the powder dispensing device having a powder outlet, and a control arranged to control the roughage dispensing device and the powder dispensing device to dispense roughage and powder into the feed ration container in accordance to a predetermined recipe prescribing quantities and/or ratios of quantities of the roughage and powder and the powder dispensing device is configured to dispense the powder in a mixture with a liquid through a mixture dispensing outlet.
Patent NL-2021328-B1 (NL)
Title: Inrichting voor het toevoegen van een identificatiecode aan een voertuig, voertuig voorzien, leesinrichting voor het uitlezen van een identificatiecode en systeem gebruikmakend van een dergelijke code
Inventor: MATTHIJS SCHUMACHER
IPC: G08B13/24
Filed: 2018-07-17
Granted: 2020-01-24
Abstract: De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een inrichting voor het toevoegen van een identificatiecode aan een voertuig, omvattende een houder met een reeks van magneethouder-locaties, waarbij op elk van de magneethouder-locaties de afwezigheid of oriëntatie van de noord- en de zuidpool van een magneet kiesbaar is, en waarbij de identificatiecode gevormd wordt door de combinatie van de respectievelijke afwezigheden of oriëntaties van de noord- en de zuidpolen van op de magneethouder-locaties aangebrachte magneten. De uitvinding heeft ook betrekking op een voertuig voorzien van zo’n inrichting en op een Ieesinrichting voor het uitlezen een dergelijke inrichting.
Patent NL-2023538-B1 (NL)
Title: Refuse distribution and compaction device
Inventor: JACOB JOOST LUINSTRA
IPC: B65F1/14
Filed: 2019-07-19
Granted: 2021-02-08
Abstract: Top loading refuse distributing and compacting device (10) for mounting above or in the top of a refuse collection container (2) operable to receive, compact and distribute refuse (6) 5 collected with said container. The device comprises a pivotal handling member (21), which is pivotable between a leftward and rightward guiding position, in which left and right opposed inclined surfaces (22l, 22r) of the handling member alternatingly guide refuse (6) into the right and left side of the container such as to distribute it evenly over said sides, while with the other surface compacting refuse already present in the container. Therein the handling 10 member may comprise a weight sensor (25). The device may be operated based on the signals of sensors, e.g. the weight sensor, for instance if it indicates a living organism being received. The handling member (21) may be one single unit, combining the functions of weighing, distributing and compacting. 15 < fig.1a >
Patent NL-2024243-B1 (NL)
Title: Process to continuously prepare a cyclic carbonate
Inventor: SANDER LAURENTIUS
IPC: C07D317/36
Filed: 2019-11-15
Granted: 2021-07-29
Abstract: The invention is directed to a process to continuously prepare a cyclic carbonate product by reacting an epoxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst 5 activated by an activating compound. The process is performed in a first, second, third reactor, each reactor comprising a slurry of the heterogeneous catalyst and the cyclic carbonate product as present as a liquid. To the first reactor carbon dioxide and the epoxide compound is continuously supplied, liquid cyclic carbonate is discharged and unreacted carbon dioxide and epoxide is discharged as a first gaseous effluent stream to the second 10 reactor while substantially all of the heterogeneous catalyst remains in the first reactor. To the third reactor the activating compound is added. In a next step of the process the third reactor becomes the second reactor, the second reactor becomes the first reactor and the first reactor becomes the third reactor. 15
Patent NL-2026648-B1 (NL)
Title: Laadvloer voor een transportinrichting omvattende een ladingzekeringssysteem en ladingzekeringssysteem voor een laadvloer
Inventor: GUUS REINDERS
IPC: B60P7/12
Filed: 2020-10-09
Granted: 2022-06-07
Abstract: De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een laadvloer voor een transportinrichting, zoals een trailer, waarin de Iaadvloer is voorzien van een ladingzekeringssysteem, omvattende: een eerste en tweede rail, waarin elke rail is voorzien van een eerste reeks in de langsrichting van de rails verlopende eerste sleuven, welke rails op enige onderlinge afstand aan elke langszijde van de transportinrichting, parallel met genoemde langszijde, in de Iaadvloer zijn aangebracht; meerdere eerste bevestigingselementen, waarin elk eerste bevestigingselement is ingericht voor samenwerking met een eerste sleuf van de rails en elk eerste bevestigingselement is voorzien van een eerste doorvoer voor het doorvoeren van een bout voor vergrendeling van het eerste bevestigingselement aan de eerste sleuf middels een bout-moer bevestiging, ten minste een eerste begrenzingselement, welke eerste begrenzingselement op een variabele positie dwars op de laadvloer losneembaar bevestigbaar is middels het bevestigen van een eerste eerste bevestigingselement in de eerste rail en het bevestigen van een tweede eerste bevestigingselement in de tweede rail. (Figuur 1) 20
Patent NL-2026847-B1 (NL)
Title: Bicycle with a chain or belt tensioning device
Inventor: ERIC KRUISSELBRINK
IPC: F16H7/08
Filed: 2020-11-06
Granted: 2022-06-27
Abstract: A bicycle comprising a drive train (1), wherein said drive train (1) comprises one of a chain (2) and a belt, a roller (4) drivingly connected to a wheel of the bicycle, and a tensioner (3) for said chain (2) or belt, wherein said ten— sioner (3) comprises a resilient circular band (3’) with a preferential contour of a circle, wherein said circular resil— ient band (3’) engages at least part of the drive train (1).
Patent NL-2027418-B1 (NL)
Title: Assembly line fabrication and assembly of aircraft wings
Inventor: DARRELL D JONES
IPC: B64F5/60
Filed: 2021-01-26
Granted: 2022-08-26
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for inspecting a Wing panel. Some methods include advancing a Wing panel through a N on-Destructive Inspection (N DI) station, and inspecting the wing panel with inspection heads at the N DI station. The wing panel may be suspended beneath a strongback during inspection and/or advancement, such as by using vacuum couplers and/or adjustable-length pogos of the strongback, and suspending may include enforcing a contour to the Wing panel using the vacuum couplers and/or pogos. Other methods include receiving a Wing panel at an N DI station and inspecting a portion thereof during movement through the N DI station. Some systems include a track, a strongback to suspend a Wing panel beneath it and to advance along the track, and an N DI station disposed at the track to inspect the Wing panel While suspended.
Patent NL-2028380-B1 (NL)
Title: Protective glove
Inventor: MARLIES MOLTMAKER
IPC: A63B71/14
Filed: 2021-06-03
Granted: 2022-12-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a protective glove configured to protect a dorsal side of a hand of a user, comprising: 5 - a ﬂexible layer configured to fit against a back of the hand and comprising extensions that are each configured to extend along and fit against a respective proximal phalanx of a finger; and - a rigid shell configured to extend over a metacarpal area and over knuckles of the back of the hand to thereby protect the back of the hand, wherein said shell is supported by said 10 ﬂexible layer and is arranged at an offset relative to the back of the hand to thereby define a gap between the shell and the back of the hand.