Patent GB-770786-A (GB)
Title: Oil-polymer compositions
Inventor: AGIUS PETER JOSEPH VERMONT JAM
IPC: C10L1/24
Filed: 1954-11-01
Abstract: Sulphonated polymers or copolymers of styrene or alkylated styrene are used as oil additives.  As an alternative to sulphonating the polymer, sulphonated polystyrene may be prepared by sulphonating phenyl-ethyl alcohol and heating, if desired, in the presence of dehydrating agents such as zinc chloride and phosphorus pentoxide. Sulphonated styrene or alkylated styrene having an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be copolymerized with isobutene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinyl laurate or acetate, lauryl, oleyl, or palm kernel methacrylate, fumarate or maleate, amides or nitriles of C4 to C24 unsaturated carboxylic acids, vinyl isobutyl ether and thioether, methyl isopropenyl ketone and nitrogen-containing unsaturated compounds such as acrylonitrile, cyanoethyl ethers, amides or substituted amides or substituted derivatives thereof, carbamates, pyridine, and anils, particularly those obtained from aniline and benzaldehyde, crotonaldehyde or acrolein.  Mineral lubricating, hydrocarbon fuel and animal or vegetable oils or synthetic oils such as hydrocarbons, diesters, complex esters, formals, methacrylates or blends thereof may be used.  The additives may be neutralized, if desired, with ammonia, guanidine, quaternary ammonium compounds or bases such as ammonia substituted with alkyl, aryl, or alkyl-aryl groups or pyridine or oleamine bases and their esters.  Pour depressant and viscosity index improvement may be obtained by incorporating straight chain alkyl groups containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms as side chains in the monomer(s), and sulphur and chlorine may also be incorporated to improve extreme perssure and wear properties.ALSO:Oil-soluble sulphonated polymers or copolymers of styrene or alkylated styrene, are employed as additives in lubricating oils and hydrocarbon fuel oils.  They may be added to mineral lubricating oil, burner fuel kerosine, diesel oil, gas oil, heating oil, gasoline, animal or vegetable oils, and synthetic lubricating oils such as hydrocarbons, diesters, complex esters, formals, metharylates or blends thereof.  The sulphonated styrene and alkylated styrene with an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule, may be copolymerized with isobutene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinyl laurate or acetate, lauryl, oleyl, or palm kernel methacrylate, kernel fumarate or maleate, amides or nitriles of C4 to C24 unsaturated carboxylic acids, vinyl isobutyl ether and thiother, methyl isopropenyl ketone and nitrogen containing unsaturated compounds such as nitriles, particularly acrylonitrile, cyanoethyl ethers, amides or substituted derivatives thereof, carbamates, pyridine, and anils, particularly those obtained from aniline and benzaldehyde, crotonaldehyde or acrolein.  The additives may be neutralized if desired with ammonia, guanidine, quaternary ammonium compounds or bases such as ammonia substituted with alkyl, aryl, or alkyl-aryl groups or pyridine or oleamine base and their esters. Additives suitable as pour depressants and viscosity index improvers may be obtained by incorporating straight chain alkyl groups, particularly those containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, as side chains in the monomer, while sulphur and chlorine may also be incorporated to obtain extreme pressure and anti-wear additives.