Patent GB-722373-A (GB)
Title: Hydrometallurgical method of extracting metal values
IPC: C01G1/00
Filed: 1952-09-16
Abstract: Metal values are extracted from material containing at least one metal capable of forming soluble metal ammines in ammoniacal solution, particularly nickel, cobalt and copper, the metals being present as such or as sulphides and the material containing less than the stoichiometric equivalent of sulphur to metal, by actively agitating the material in aqueous ammonia solution containing enough free ammonia to form ammines of each of the metals to be dissolved and containing also an ammonium salt, added as such or formed in situ selected from ammonium sulphate or p  sulphamate, in an amount sufficient to provide sulphur atoms at least stoichiometrically equivalent to the metal values, the reaction being effected under superatmospheric pressure at elevated temperatures and in the presence of an oxygen bearing gas fed in during the operation.  The soluble metal ammines formed may be reduced with hydrogen to recover the metals.  The ammonium sulphate or sulphamate may be formed in situ by the addition of unsaturated sulphur compounds such as ammonium sulphate, thiosulphate, polythionate or sulphide, hydogen sulphide or sulphur dioxide.  Temperatures should be above 70 DEG F., preferably about 175 DEG F. and pressures about 20 p.s.i.  According to examples 1 a nickel, copper, cobalt, iron matte containing less sulphur than the stoichiometric equivalent to the nickel, copper and cobalt to be extracted was leached with a solution of ammonia and ammonium sulphate, the former being in sufficient amount to form tetramine complexes and the latter raising the sulphur content of the leach solution to 50 per cent excess.  The leaching was effected with oxygen, oxygen enriched air or compressed air.  3. A two stage countercurrent leaching of nickel copper concentrate was effected employing a leach solution containing sufficient sulphur to provide the stoichiometric amount plus sufficient to form ammonium polythionates which on subsequent heating of the pregnant leach solution decompose to provide sulphide ions, thereby precipitating the major portion of the copper or copper sulphide.  4. Impure nickel powder containing cobalt, silicon and iron was treated at 220 DEG F., and 50 p.s.i. with an ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution in the presence of oxygen. Nickel and cobalt dissolved leaving the iron and silicon in filterable insoluble form, the filtrate was reduced with hydrogen to precipitate the major portion of nickel or metal powder and the filtrate after removal of nickel was recycled to the leaching step.  5. A nickel oxide concentrate was reduced by roasting and any reduced iron re-oxidized in known manner to a form insoluble in the leach solution.  The material was leached with an ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution at temperatures from 70-220 DEG F. at 30 p.s.i. pressure in the presence of oxygen.  The leach solution after filtering was reduced with hydrogen to precipitate nickel and cobalt metals successively, the barren solution being recycled to the leaching step.ALSO:Metal values are extracted from material containing at least one metal capable of forming soluble metal ammines in ammoniacal solution, particularly nickel, cobalt and copper, the metals being present as such or as sulphides and the material containing less than the stoichiometric equivalent of sulphur to metal, by actively agitating the material in aqueous ammonia solution containing enough free ammonia so form ammines of each of the metals to be dissolved and containing also an ammonium salt, added as such or formed in suti, selected from ammonium sulphate or sulphamate, in an amount sufficient to provide sulphur atoms at least stoichiometrically equivalent to the metal values, the reaction being effected under superatmospheric pressure at elevated temperatures and in the presence of an oxygen bearing gas fed in during the operation.  The soluble metal ammines formed may be reduced with hydrogen to recover the metals.  The ammonium sulphate or sulphamate may be formed in situ by the addition of unsaturated sulphur compounds such as ammonium sulphide, thiosulphate, polythionate or sulphide, hydrogen sulphide or sulphur dioxide. Temperatures should be above 70 DEG  F., preferably about 175 DEG F., and pressures above 20 p.s.i.  According to examples, (1) a nickel, copper, cobalt, iron matte containing less sulphur than the stoichiometric equivalent to the nickel, copper and cobalt to be extracted was leached with a solution of ammonia and ammonium sulphate, the former being in sufficient amount to form tetramine complexes and the latter raising the sulphur content of the leach solution to 50 per cent excess.  The leaching was effected with oxygen, oxygen-enriched air or compressed air; (3) a two-stage counter-current leaching of nickel copper concentrate was effected employing a leach solution containing sufficient sulphur to provide the stoichiometric amount plus sufficient to form ammonium polythionate, which on subsequent heating of the pregnant leach solution decompose to provide sulphide ions, thereby precipitating the major portion of the copper or copper sulphide; (4) impure nickel powder containing cobalt, silicon and iron was treated at 220 DEG  F. and 50 p.s.i. with an ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution in the presence of oxygen. Nickel and cobalt dissolved leaving the iron and silicon in filterable insoluble form.  The filtrate was reduced with hydrogen to precipitate the major portion of nickel and metal powder and the filtrate after removal of nickel was recycled to the leaching step; (5) a nickel oxide concentrate was reduced by roasting and any reduced iron reoxidized in known manner to a form insoluble in the leach solution.  The material was leached with an ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution at temperature  from 70-720 DEG  F. at 30 p.s.i. pressure in the presence of oxygen.  The leach solution after filtering was reduced with hydrogen to precipitate nickel and cobalt metals successively, the barren solution being recycled to the leaching step.