baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202037066-A (TW)
Title: Flexible structure of floating platform including a frame unit, a plurality of floating bodies, and a plurality of flexible connecting devices
Inventor: CHEN GUI-GUANG
IPC: F24S25/60
Filed: 2019-03-20
Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible structure of a floating platform, which includes a frame unit, a plurality of floating bodies, and a plurality of flexible connecting devices. The frame unit includes a plurality of first rods and a plurality of second rods corresponding to the first rods in the vertical direction. Each of the plurality of floating bodies has at least one ring-shaped thermosetting elastomer and at least one buoyancy device. The thermosetting elastomer has a hollow part in the center and an outer ring wall on the outer side. A side ring wall is provided at both sides of the outer ring wall toward the center. A concave ring groove is provided between the outer ring wall and the side ring wall. The buoyancy device is located in the hollow part and the concave ring groove of the thermosetting elastomer. An inner joint part that can be combined with the first and second rods of the frame unit and the floating bodies is provided at one side of each of the plurality of flexible connecting devices. An outer joint part protrudes from the outer side of the floating bodies at a side opposite to the inner joint part. The plurality of first and second rods of the frame unit, the plurality of floating bodies and the plurality of connecting devices are combined to form a platform unit. Therefore, the present invention can be combined in an array and has a better wave absorbing effect.
Patent TW-201943131-A (TW)
Title: Negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery, method of producing negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery, slurry for negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery, negative electrode for lithium ion secondar
Inventor: TSUCHIYA HIDEYUKI
IPC: H01M4/583
Filed: 2019-03-27
Abstract: A negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery that has, when a sample is charged in a cylindrical space with a diameter of 15 mm and pressed at a rate of 10 mm/min, a value of C represented by the following formula of 5.5 or less: C=(pressure B-pressure A)/(1.70-1.35) wherein, in the formula, pressure A is a pressure (kN/cm2) when the sample has a density of 1.35 g/cm3 and pressure B is a pressure (kN/cm2) when the sample has a density of 1.70 g/cm3.
Patent TW-201943243-A (TW)
Title: Multiple access (MA) signature transmissions
Inventor: HAGHIGHAT AFSHIN
IPC: H04W24/02
Filed: 2019-04-03
Abstract: Multiple Access (MA) signature (MAS) features may be provided, for example, MAS pool definition and/or configuration may be provided. MAS indicator transmission may be provided. For example, independent indication through demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission and/or scheduling request (SR)-based transmission may be provided. Reliable MA detection may be provided. For example, multiple zone transmission and/or diversity may be provided. Non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) transmission without MAS indication may be provided. Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)-based NOMA indication may be provided. NOMA layer indicator (NLI) based NOMA indication may be provided.
Patent TW-201946025-A (TW)
Title: A method and a computer system for providing a route or a route duration for a journey from a source location to a target location
Inventor: MALEWICZ GRZEGORZ
IPC: G06Q50/28
Filed: 2019-04-08
Abstract: Embodiments relate to producing a plan of a route in a transportation system. The method receives route requirements, including a starting and an ending locations. The method builds a model of the transportation system from data about vehicles. The model abstracts a "prospect travel" between two locations using any of a range of choices of vehicles and walks that can transport between the two locations. Given anticipated wait durations for the vehicles and their ride durations, the method determines an expected minimum travel duration using any of these choices. The method combines the expectations for various locations in a scalable manner. As a result, a route plan that achieves a shortest expected travel duration, and meets other requirements, is computed for one of the largest metropolitan areas in existence today. Other embodiments include a computer system and a computer service that implement the method.
Patent TW-201947075-A (TW)
Title: Multicomponent fibers
Inventor: RUDISILL EDGAR NORTH
IPC: D01F8/06
Filed: 2019-04-08
Abstract: A multicomponent fiber having a shaped cross section is provided in this invention. The multicomponent fiber comprises: (A) at least one water dispersible polymer; and (B) a plurality of domains comprising one or more water non-dispersible polymers, wherein said domains are substantially isolated from each other by said water dispersible polymer intervening between said domains; and wherein said water dispersible polymer is present at the perimeter of the outside cross-section of said multicomponent fiber in a proportion of not greater than 55% water dispersible polymer. Articles produced from the multicomponent fiber are also provided.
Patent TW-202038519-A (TW)
Inventor: LIN SHIEN-CHANG
IPC: H01R13/639
Filed: 2019-04-10
Abstract: 本發明係揭露一種連結器能夠連接主板與子板。連結器包含第一連接部與第二連接部。第一連接部包含複數端子與一卡合臂。卡合臂形成連接端。第二連接部包含複數端子槽與一卡合槽。卡合槽能夠耦合連接端。其中，第一連接部能夠以第一角度結合第二連接部，使得該等端子電性連接該等端子槽和連接端卡扣在卡合臂，且在該等端子電性與該等端子槽維持電性連接的狀態下，藉由施加外力讓第一連接部與第二連接部之間的第一角度改變至第二角度，讓第一連接部與第二連接部設置在接近或同一平面。
Patent TW-201945556-A (TW)
Title: Galvanized steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: YOKOYAMA TAKAFUMI
IPC: C22C38/14
Filed: 2019-04-26
Abstract: A galvanized steel sheet according to an aspect of the present invention includes a steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition and a galvanized layer. In the metal structure in the range of 1/8 sheet thickness to 3/8 sheet thickness centering on 1/4 thickness from the surface of the steel sheet, in volume%, ferrite is 0 to 10%, bainite is 0 to 30%, tempered martensite is 50% or more, fresh martensite is 0 to 10%, retained austenite is greater than 10% and 30% or less and pearlite is 0 to 5%. In the galvanized steel sheet, the amount of hydrogen released when the steel sheet is heated from room temperature to 200 DEG C is 0.40 ppm or less per mass steel sheet after removing the galvanized layer, the tensile strength is 1470 MPa or more, there is no cracking in the U-shaped bending test applied stress equivalent to 1000 MPa for 24 hours.
Patent TW-202015677-A (TW)
Title: Novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for the treatment of diseases
Inventor: BUCHER DENIS
IPC: A61P37/00
Filed: 2019-06-03
Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds according to Formula I: 
wherein R 1 
, R 2a 
, X, Y, and Z are as defined herein.
The present invention relates to compounds, methods for their production, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of treatment using the same, for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, proliferative diseases, fibrotic diseases, transplantation rejection, diseases involving impairment of cartilage turnover, congenital cartilage malformation, diseases involving impairment of bone turnover, diseases associated with hypersecretion of IL-6, diseases associated with hypersecretion of TNFα, interferons, IL-12 and/or IL-23, respiratory diseases, endocrine and/or metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, dermatological diseases, and/or abnormal angiogenesis associated diseases by administering the compound of the invention.
Patent TW-202044988-A (TW)
Inventor: Huang chang-wen
IPC: G06K19/07
Filed: 2019-06-06
Abstract: 一種智能型水產生物產卵床操作方法包含：於一水產生物產卵床配置至少一RFID讀取裝置；於一水產生物個體上配置至少一RFID標籤；利用該水產生物產卵床之RFID讀取裝置感測該水產生物個體之RFID標籤，以獲得一水產生物個體RFID資料；將該水產生物個體RFID資料自該RFID讀取裝置進一步以有線或無線方式傳輸至一水產生物資料庫，以便記錄及分析該水產生物個體之活動狀態。
Patent TW-202100459-A (TW)
Inventor: SU CHING-YUAN
IPC: C01B32/184
Filed: 2019-06-16
Abstract: 本發明提出一種大面積石墨烯移轉裝置，包括一移轉基板，所述移轉基板上有一石墨烯層，石墨烯層上有一轉印複合層，其中石墨烯層和轉印複合層間的附著力小於石墨烯層和移轉基板表面間的附著力。
Patent TW-202006130-A (TW)
Title: Aroma collecting system, aroma collecting method, aroma liquid, aroma composition and blended perfume capable of more efficiently collecting the original aroma of plants and animals and obtaining an aroma liquid with a natural feeling
Inventor: OHASHI TERUHISA
IPC: C11B9/02
Filed: 2019-07-02
Abstract: The present invention provides an aroma collecting system capable of more efficiently collecting the original aroma of plants and animals and obtaining an aroma liquid with a natural feeling. The aroma collecting system of the present invention includes a humidifying gas generating unit 2, an animal and plant raw material storage unit 3, and an aroma component collecting unit 5 sequentially. The animal and plant raw material storage unit 3 is in communication with the humidifying gas generating unit 2 and the aroma component collecting unit 5. The humidifying gas generating unit 2 generates humidified air or inert gas, which is the humidifying gas 12, and the aroma component collecting unit 5 contains an adsorbent 6.
Patent TW-201945884-A (TW)
Title: Memory card
Inventor: FUJIMOTO AKIHISA
IPC: G06K19/07
Filed: 2018-03-13
Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a memory card including a first surface, a second surface, and 1<SP>st</SP> to N<SP>th</SP> terminal groups. The first surface includes first to N<SP>th</SP> rows, where N is an integer of two or greater. The second surface faces the opposite side from the first surface. The 1<SP>st</SP> to N<SP>th</SP> terminal groups are placed in the first to N<SP>th</SP> rows. The 1<SP>st</SP> terminal group includes terminals to which differential clock signals are assigned, terminals to which single-ended signals are assigned, and a terminal to which a first power supply voltage is assigned. K<SP>th</SP> terminal group, where K is an integer no smaller than two and no greater than N, includes terminals to which differential data signals are assigned.
Patent TW-202020125-A (TW)
Title: Process of manufacturing a display
Inventor: MULCAHY STEPHEN
IPC: C09K19/54
Filed: 2019-08-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of manufacturing a liquid crystal (LC) display comprising polymer walls in the switchable LC layer, and to LC displays manufactured by the process.
Patent TW-202011470-A (TW)
Title: Method for forming semiconductor device structure
Inventor: CHEN CHI-CHENG
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 2019-08-26
Abstract: A structure and a formation method of a semiconductor device are provided. The method includes forming a passivation layer over a semiconductor substrate. The method also includes forming a magnetic element over the passivation layer. The method further includes forming an isolation layer over the magnetic element and the passivation layer. The isolation layer includes a polymer material. In addition, the method includes forming a conductive line over the isolation layer, and the conductive line extends across the magnetic element.
Patent TW-202017989-A (TW)
Title: Polarizing plate with phase difference layer and image display device using the same wherein the polarizing plate is thin, excellent in handling ability, and excellent in optical characteristics
Inventor: GOTO SHUSAKU
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2019-08-29
Abstract: The present invention provides a polarizing plate with a phase difference layer, which is thin, excellent in handleability, and excellent in optical characteristics. The polarizing plate with a phase difference layer of the present invention has a polarizing plate and a phase difference layer, wherein the polarizing plate includes a polarizing film and a protective layer disposed at least on one side of the polarizing film. The polarizing film is composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film containing a dichroic material, which has a thickness of 8 <mu>m or less, a monomer transmittance of 44.5% or more, and a polarization degree of 99.0% or more. The phase difference layer is an alignment cured layer of a liquid crystal compound.
Patent TW-202011672-A (TW)
Title: 籠形轉子及旋轉電機
Inventor: MORIYA HIROAKI
IPC: H02K17/16
Filed: 2019-09-05
Abstract: 本發明的籠形轉子(3)係具備：軸(1)、轉子鐵芯(4)、及槽(5a)。槽(5a)係具有：外周緣部(R30)、內周緣部(R31)、第一側緣部(L40)、及第二側緣部(L41)。該外周緣部(R30)係位在轉子鐵芯(4)的外周側，於一端設有第一角部(R20)且於另一端設有第二角部(R21)，相較於轉子鐵芯(4)之同心圓之連結第一角部(R20)與第二角部(R21)的假想的圓周，朝向外周側呈凸狀。該內周緣部(R31)係位在內周側，於一端設有曲率半徑小於第一角部(R20)的第三角部(R22)且於另一端設有曲率半徑小於第二角部(R21)的第四角部(R23)，相較於轉子鐵芯(4)之同心圓之連結第三角部(R22)與第四角部(R23)的假想的圓周，朝向外周側呈凸狀。該第一側緣部(L40)係連接第一角部(R20)與第三角部(R22)。該第二側緣部(L41)係連接第二角部(R21)與第四角部(R23)。
Patent TW-202112126-A (TW)
Inventor: AN CHEN-CHI
IPC: H04N9/64
Filed: 2019-09-10
Abstract: A light color varying region display system including a body device and a display unit. The display unit is electrically connected to the body device. The body device displays a light color varying region of a light source data in a chromaticity coordinate system via the display unit, wherein the light source data includes at least two chromaticity coordinate points, and the light color varying region includes a line segment formed between the at least two chromaticity coordinate points. A light color varying region display method is also provided.
Patent TW-202018049-A (TW)
Inventor: LIU CHEN-YU
IPC: G03F7/38
Filed: 2019-09-17
Abstract: 本發明實施例提供一種方法，包括：形成第一層於基板之上並形成黏著層於所述第一層之上，其中所述黏著層具有包括環氧基團的組成物。形成光阻層，所述光阻層直接位於黏著層上。將所述光阻層的一部分曝光於輻射源下。利用環氧基團使所述黏著層的組成物與所述光阻層的曝光部分交聯。透過像是負型顯影劑來顯影所述光阻層以形成光阻圖案部件，所述光阻圖案部件可覆蓋所形成之交聯區域。
Patent TW-202014673-A (TW)
Title: Machine device and electrical discharge machining device
Inventor: GOTO HIROKI
IPC: G01B11/30
Filed: 2019-10-01
Abstract: The present invention provides a machine device in which a cutting fluid is supplied to a machining surface (3a) of a workpiece (3) and which comprises a machining part (10) for machining the machining surface (3a), wherein: light outputted from a frequency sweeping light source (31a), which outputs light of which the frequency is changed in a periodic manner, is divided into radiation light with which the workpiece (3) is irradiated and reference light; the workpiece (3) is irradiated with the radiation light, and a peak frequency of interference light between the reference light and reflected light, which is the radiation light reflected by the workpiece (3), is detected; and the machine device is configured so as to comprise an optical sensor body unit (22) for measuring the distance from the machine device to the machining surface (3a) on the basis of the peak frequency, and a shape calculation unit (75) for calculating the shape of the workpiece (3) on the basis of the distance measured by the optical sensor body unit (22).
Patent TW-202032277-A (TW)
Title: 改善光阻粗糙度及移除光阻浮渣的電漿處理方法
Inventor: PARK WAN-JAE
IPC: G03F7/42
Filed: 2019-10-16
Abstract: 在後續蝕刻製程之前將可能存在線寬粗糙度（LWR）及線緣粗糙度（LER）或浮渣的圖案化光阻層（例如EUV光阻層）以電漿處理步驟加以處理。電漿處理步驟降低LWR、LER、及／或光阻浮渣。在一示例性實施例中，電漿處理可包含使用具有硼及鹵素化合物之氣體加以形成的電漿。在一實施例中，氣體化合物可為硼及氯化合物，例如三氯化硼（BCl 3 
）氣體。在另一實施例中，氣體化合物可為硼及氟化合物，例如B x 
F y 
氣體。電漿處理製程可藉由將粗糙度從光阻表面移除以及將可能造成浮渣之光阻殘渣移除來修整光阻表面以改善LWR、LER及浮渣效應。
Patent TW-202038286-A (TW)
Title: 冷卻帶電粒子束系統之物鏡的系統及方法
Inventor: GOSEN JEROEN GERARD
IPC: H01J37/141
Filed: 2019-11-21
Abstract: 本發明揭示用於冷卻一帶電粒子束系統之一物鏡的系統及方法。根據某些實施例，用於冷卻一帶電粒子束系統之一物鏡的該方法包含：經由一線軸之一流體輸入埠接納一流體；經由分佈於該線軸中之複數個通道，使吸收由該物鏡之複數個電磁線圈產生之熱量的該流體循環；及經由該線軸之一流體輸出埠，施配藉由該複數個通道循環之該流體。該線軸可進一步包含靠近一晶圓之一底部凸緣及遠離該晶圓之一頂部凸緣。具有該複數個通道之該線軸可包含一經積層製造之單體結構。
Patent TW-202119972-A (TW)
Inventor: CHEN SZU-KAI
IPC: A45D44/22
Filed: 2019-11-21
Abstract: 一種面膜包含第一布層、第二布層以及第三布層。第一布層具有相對之第一表面以及第二表面，第一布層包含複數個植物片以及複數個第一纖維，植物片與第一纖維彼此混合分佈。第二布層疊置於第一表面，第二布層包含複數個第二纖維。第三布層疊置於第二表面，第三布層包含複數個第三纖維，第三纖維比第一纖維長。
Patent TW-202039972-A (TW)
Inventor: TENG HSIANG-HAO
IPC: E04B1/98
Filed: 2019-12-03
Abstract: An energy dissipation structure includes a plurality of energy consumption body filled and/or installed therein. The energy dissipation structure effectively lowers the cost and facilitates the convenience of installation.
Patent TW-202122557-A (TW)
Title: Method of synthesizing perovskite quantum dot film
Inventor: CHIANG CHIH-HAO
IPC: B82Y40/00
Filed: 2019-12-04
Abstract: Provided is a method of synthesizing a perovskite quantum dot film including following steps. A cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) solution is prepared. The CNC solution includes a plurality of cellulose nanocrystals with sulfate groups. A precursor solution is prepared. The CNC solution and the precursor solution are mixed to form a mixed solution. The mixed solution is filtered and then dry to form the perovskite quantum dot film.
Patent TW-202021538-A (TW)
Inventor: YEN TING-AN
IPC: A61B5/11
Filed: 2019-12-13
Abstract: The present invention provides a guide device for portable cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which can actively connect the medical ambulance system, issue an alarm to guide the surrounding passers-by for immediate rescue, and perform correct cardiopulmonary resuscitation to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the chest compression. The guide device for portable cardiopulmonary resuscitation has a pressure sensor to detect the frequency and pressure of the chest compression, and at the same time cooperate with the gravity sensor to detect the depth of the chest compression, and the analog-to-digital converter calibrations the two kinds of readings to increase the accuracy of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and can be automatically adjusted to different individuals.
Patent TW-202123905-A (TW)
Title: Application of spring check valves to adjustment of gas in air-inflated structural body capable of improving the sleep quality of the human and promoting blood circulation during the sleep of the human, thereby avoiding snore and apnea during the sleep of the human
Inventor: LIN CHUN-FU
IPC: A47G9/10
Filed: 2019-12-17
Abstract: This invention provides an application of spring check valves to an air-inflated structural body, and the spring check valves are used for adjusting the gas in the air-inflated structural body to improve the sleep quality of a human. The air-inflated structural body includes two pillow bodies and two detachable sealing covers, wherein a gas filling region is disposed in each of the pillow bodies, and the spring check valves are disposed in the pillow bodies and communicated with the gas filling regions; and the two detachable sealing covers are used for sealing the check valves. The spring check valves include fixed seats and stop pieces. The fixed seats are disposed to each of the pillow bodies and are provided with through holes to be communicated to the gas filling regions. The stop pieces are located in the gas filling regions and are partially connected with the fixed seats to movably seal the through holes. According to the application of the spring check valves to adjustment of the gas in the air-inflated structural body, the sleep quality of the human may be improved, blood circulation during the sleep of the human may be further promoted, and furthermore, snore and apnea during the sleep of the human are avoided.
Patent TW-202123999-A (TW)
Title: Positioning structure and flywheel assembly capable of positioning the flywheel on a platform in a rotatable manner
Inventor: Ye jia-qi
IPC: A63B22/08
Filed: 2019-12-26
Abstract: A positioning structure is installed to a housing of a flywheel. The housing is provided with a guide slot, which has an outer edge protruded to form an opening and an inner edge extended from one side of the outer edge to form a channel. The positioning structure is a positioning member protruded from a base for being installed to the guide slot. The positioning member has a top plate with a contour larger than the outer edge of the guide slot and an extension column located between the top plate and the base. During installation, the positioning member of the base can be slid into the open end of the guide slot of the housing, so that the top plate of the positioning member is locked to the outer edge of the guide slot and thus located inside the housing of the flywheel. Therefore, the flywheel can deflect relative to the positioning member.
Patent TW-202127287-A (TW)
Inventor: LIN PIN-JUNG
IPC: G06F21/50
Filed: 2020-01-02
Abstract: 一種資訊安全防護方法及電腦可讀媒介，該方法包括以下步驟：搜尋一目標程式之漏洞資訊；依據漏洞資訊制定漏洞防禦方式；定位目標程式之漏洞位址；依據漏洞位址設置中斷點；優化監控目標程式之程序；執行並監控目標程式是否觸發漏洞，若否，則記錄已執行之過程並持續監控目標程式，反之則依據中斷點位址中斷目標程式；判斷目標程式之漏洞是否有對應的漏洞防禦方式，若否，則對目標程式執行版本更新，反之則對目標程式執行漏洞修補機制，對目標程式執行漏洞防禦方式，並記錄已執行之過程並持續監控目標程式。
Patent TW-202037906-A (TW)
Inventor: SAWLANI KAPIL
IPC: G01N21/94
Filed: 2020-01-09
Abstract: Defects on a substrate comprising electronic components can be classified with a computational defect analysis system that may be implemented in multiple stages. For example, a first stage classification engine may process metrology data to produce an initial classification of defects. A second stage classification engine may use the initial classification, along with manufacturing information and/or prior defect knowledge to output probabilities that the defects are caused by one or more potential sources.
Patent TW-202128336-A (TW)
Title: Auxiliary supporting stand for table saw
Inventor: KU YUNG-CHIANG
IPC: B23Q1/25
Filed: 2020-01-21
Abstract: An auxiliary supporting stand for table saw includes a table saw which has a worktable and an extension assembly. The worktable has two opposing lateral sides, two fixed rails respectively mounted on each lateral side. The extension assembly has two movable rails respectively mounted on the two fixed rails and an extension worktable engaged to the two movable rails. The auxiliary supporting stand has two mounting seats and two supporting legs. Each mounting seat is correspondingly mounted to a bottom of the movable rails. Each supporting leg is pivotally mounted to the corresponding mounting seat. When the supporting legs are configured in an extended configuration, the supporting legs are upright positioned on the ground for providing support to the extension assembly. When the supporting legs are retracted, the supporting legs are positioned against a bottom surface of the movable rails for space saving purpose.
Patent TW-202131701-A (TW)
Title: Transmission device, communication system, transmission method, and computer program product
Inventor: GONDO SHUNICHI
IPC: H04N19/50
Filed: 2020-02-11
Abstract: A transmission device according to an embodiment includes one or more processors. The processors divide a plurality of pieces of transmission data to be transmitted into first data and second data. The processors transmit the first data to a server device configured to distribute the transmission data to a reception device. The processors store the second data in storage. The processors receive, from the reception device or the server device, a request for transmission of the second data. The processors transmit the second data to the server device in accordance with the request for transmission.
Patent TW-202131553-A (TW)
Inventor: CHOU HIS-TSENG
IPC: H01Q13/08
Filed: 2020-02-11
Abstract: 一種碟型天線結構，係包含一碟型主反射器、一次反射器及一饋入源天線，其中該碟型主反射器係具有一拋物面，而該次反射器具有一雙曲面並且在頂點附近連接一圓錐面，該雙曲面焦點設置於該拋物面焦點附近，且該饋入源天線係具有一輻射孔設置於該圓錐面的另一焦點附近。
Patent TW-202044726-A (TW)
Title: Insulated electrical wire, coil, and electrical and electronic instrument
Inventor: MUTO DAISUKE
IPC: H01F41/04
Filed: 2020-03-18
Abstract: Provided is an insulated electrical wire that includes a conductor and an insulating film which is disposed around the conductor, wherein the relative dielectric constant ([epsilon]) at 0.2 atm of the insulating film and the relative dielectric constant ([epsilon]0) at 0.2 atm of the outermost layer of the insulating film satisfy the relationships: [epsilon] ≤ 3.0 and [epsilon]0/[epsilon] ≥ 1.2.