Patent GB-1510458-A (GB)
Title: Nuclear reactors
IPC: G21C11/08
Filed: 1974-05-02
Abstract: 1510458 Nuclear reactors; supporting reactor cores NUCLEAR POWER CO (WHETSTONE) Ltd 25 April 1975 [2 May 1974] 19426/74 Heading G6C The invention relates to the provision of thermal insulation on the inner surface of a nuclear reactor containment vessel in a situation where the thermal insulation must serve a structural function and transmit load forces to the surface which it covers. In its broadest aspect, therefore, the thermal insulation comprises a course of thermally insulating bricks 12, for example, made of cast fused silica, covering a wall surface of the reactor pressure vessel 11 (which is particularly of concrete) and a course of tiles 15, also of thermally insulating material, for example, graphite, covering the course of bricks 12, each brick 12 having a lower end which is located on the wall surface and an upper end remote therefrom and having mounted on its a respective one of the tiles 15, clearances 19 between adjacent tiles 15 being smaller than clearances 14 between adjacent bricks 12, and the upper ends of the bricks being of reduced external cross-section so as to form a chamber 24 comprised of interconnected passages the dimensions of which are large compared with the inter-brick clearances 14. By virtue of the large size of the spaces forming the chamber 24 relative to the inter-brick clearances 14, restricted flow of coolant is provided between the inter-brick clearances 14 and towards the lower ends of the bricks 12. The lower ends of the bricks 12 have spigots 12A received within collars 13 which are welded to a steel liner 18 lining the interior of the pressure vessel 11. Cooling ducts 18A are embedded within the concrete of the pressure vessel below the liner 18. Fibrous members 28 are disposed between adjacent collars 13. The tiles 15 each have a spigot 16 received in a recess 17 in the above end of each brick 12. The tiles may be cemented in place. Sleeted tiles 15A of different form from the ordinary tiles 15 act as supports for core support pillars 25. The tiles 15, 15A and bricks 12 have aligned bores 21, 22 enabling positioning of thermocouples. The Specification also describes in some detail an unusual core support structure. This comprises (Figs. 2 and 3) a platform of diamond-shaped base plates 32 each supported by one of the aforementioned core support pillars 25. The base plates 32 are arranged in groups of three to form regular hexagons, each group supporting an array of twelve core columns 30. Whereas the axis of each pillar 25 coincides with the axis of a respective brick 12 disposed below the pillar 25, that axis is offset from the axes of the core columns 30 such that each pillar lies below a junction of three adjacent core columns 30 (Fig. 2). Coolant, which passes downwardly through the columns via ducts 31 (Fig. 3), enters respective channels 34 in the base plates 32; these channels open into a part-annular duct 33 which is connected by radial ducts 37 to a bottom recess 35 of each base plate 32. The recesses 35 of the three plates 32 of a group together form a circular recess 36 which thus receives hot coolant emerging from the twelve columns 30 supported by the group. By providing that the total cross-sectional area of the ducts 37 of a group of three plates 32 is less than that of the ducts 31 of the twelve bricks, coolant emerging into the recess 36 becomes thoroughly mixed. In consequence the effects of some overheating in any column 30 are minimized in the space below the plates 32.