baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20180044843-A (KR)
Title: 지문 인식률을 향상시킬 수 있는 지문 인식 방법 및 시스템
Inventor: WANG XINLIANG
IPC: G06V40/13
Filed: 2016-01-27
Abstract: 지문 인식률을 개선할 수 있는 지문 인식 방법이 개시된다. 방법은, 지문 이미지를 수집하고 수집 횟수를 기록한 다음 2 단계로 진입하는 1 단계; 지문 이미지와 기-저장된 지문 템플릿에 대해 매칭 인식을 수행하여, 매칭이 성공하면 본 차 매칭 인식 프로세스를 종료하고, 그렇지 않으면 3 단계로 진입하는 2 단계; 지문 이미지를 복구하고, 복구된 지문 이미지와 기-저장된 지문 템플릿에 대해 매칭 인식을 수행하여, 매칭이 성공하면 본 차 매칭 인식 프로세스를 종료하고, 그렇지 않으면 4 단계로 진입하는 3 단계; 수집 횟수를 기-설정된 횟수와 비교하여, 수집 횟수가 기-설정된 횟수에 도달하는 경우 본 차 매칭 인식 프로세스를 종료하고, 그렇지 않으면 1 단계로 되돌아 가는 4 단계;를 포함한다. 상기 방법은 지문 이미지를 수집하여 수집된 지문 이미지에 대해 매칭 인식을 수행하고 인식되지 않은 지문 이미지를 복구한 후 다시 매칭 인식을 수행하는 단계를 루프로 수행하여, 손가락에 땀, 얼룩이 있거나 건조한 때에도 지문 인식 성공률을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다.
Patent KR-20170133471-A (KR)
Title: 풍력 발전 설비의 잔존 수명을 결정하기 위한 방법
Inventor: BRENNER ALBRECHT
IPC: F03D17/00
Filed: 2016-04-13
Abstract: 본 발명은 풍력 발전 설비의 잔존 수명을 결정하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 상기 방법은 풍력 발전 설비의 운전 동안 센서들을 이용한 풍력 발전 설비의 구성 요소들의 운동 또는 진동의 연속 검출 및 운동 또는 진동의 모드와 주파수의 결정을 포함한다. 또한, 풍력 발전 설비의 모델, 특히 수치 모델에 기초해서 풍력 발전 설비의 구성 요소들에 작용하는 힘의 결정 및 풍력 발전 설비의 구성 요소들의 응력 스펙트럼 및/또는 부하 스펙트럼의 결정이 이루어진다. 또한, 상기 방법은 전체 응력 및 전체 부하 스펙트럼과 결정된 응력 스펙트럼 및 부하 스펙트럼의 비교에 의한 잔존 수명의 결정 또는 평가를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170134734-A (KR)
Title: 안드로겐 수용체 길항제 및 이의 중간체의 제조방법
Inventor: LAITINEN ILPO
IPC: C07D405/04
Filed: 2016-04-08
Abstract: 본 발명은, 카복사미드 구조화된 안드로겐 수용체(AR) 길항제, 예를 들어 N-(( S )-1-(3-(3-클로로-4-시아노페닐)-1H-피라졸-1-일)-프로판-2-일)-5-(1-하이드록시에틸)-1H-피라졸-3-카복사미드(1A) 및 이의 핵심 중간체, 예를 들어 2-클로로-4-(1H-피라졸-3-일)벤조니트릴(V)의 개선된 제조방법에 관한 것이다.  AR 길항제는 AR 길항작용이 요구되는 암, 특히 전립선 암 및 다른 질환의 치료에 유용하다.
Patent KR-20180005668-A (KR)
Title: 전력 절감 트리거
Inventor: JIA ZHANFENG
IPC: H04W28/02
Filed: 2016-05-12
Abstract: 무선 스테이션(STA)에 의해, 큐잉된 다운링크(DL) 데이터를 액세스 포인트(AP)(110)로부터 수신하기 위한 무선 로컬 영역 네트워크에서의 장치들 및 방법들이 개시된다.  STA는, AP(110)로부터, 복수의 STA들로의 동시 전달을 위한 큐잉된 DL 데이터의 존재를 표시하는 비컨 프레임(510)을 수신한다.  STA들은, 큐잉된 DL 데이터의 전달을 요청하기 위한 허가(520)를 수신한다.  STA들 각각은, 허가에 기초하여, 큐잉된 DL 데이터의 전달에 대한 요청(530)을 AP(110)에 송신한다.  그런 다음, STA는 AP(110)로부터 큐잉된 DL 데이터(540)를 수신한다.  AP(110)는 바람직하게, 복수의 STA들로의 동시적 DL 데이터 송신들을 스케줄링하기 위해 전력 절감(PS) 트리거 프레임들(520)을 사용한다.  PS 트리거 프레임들(520)을 사용함으로써, 복수의 STA들은, 큐잉된 DL 데이터의 전달을 요청하기 위해 매체 액세스에 대해 서로 경합할 필요가 없다.  대신, PS 트리거 프레임(520)을 수신하는 다수의 STA들은, 매체 액세스에 대해 서로 경합함이 없이, 큐잉된 DL 데이터의 전달에 대한 요청들(530)을 동시에 송신할 수 있으며, 이에 의해, 매체 액세스 경합 동작들과 연관된 지연들이 감소된다.  요청들(530)을 수신할 시, AP(110)는, 예컨대 다중 액세스 메커니즘들을 사용하여, 큐잉된 DL 데이터(540)를 요청 STA들에 동시에 송신할 수 있다.  몇몇 양상들에서, AP(110)는, OFDMA 통신들 또는 MU-MIMO(multi-user multiple-input multiple-output) 통신들을 사용하여, 큐잉된 DL 데이터(540)를 다수의 STA들에 동시에 송신할 수 있다.  대안적인 실시예에서, AP의 허가 및 STA의 요청은 묵시적이다.  이러한 경우에서, AP(110) 및 수신 STA들은, AP(110)로부터 수신 STA들로의 큐잉된 DL 데이터의 전달에 앞서, PS-트리거 능력들을 교환하고 그리고/또는 다수의 PS-트리거 파라미터들을 협상한다.  적어도 몇몇 구현들에 대해, AP(110)는, 공유된 무선 매체에 대한 혼잡 레벨에 기초하여, 큐잉된 DL 데이터의 전달을 스케줄링하기 위해 PS-트리거 프레임들을 선택적으로 사용할 수 있다.  STA들은 그들의 PS-트리거 프레임 능력들을 임의의 적절한 방식으로, 예컨대 연관 요청에서 표시할 수 있다.  WLAN은 IEEE 802.11 표준군에 따라 동작할 수 있는 복수의 Wi-Fi 액세스 포인트들에 의해 형성될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20180008701-A (KR)
Title: 자원 할당 방법, 장치, 시스템, 및 기지국
Inventor: SHI ZHENYU
IPC: H04W92/20
Filed: 2015-05-23
Abstract: 본 발명의 구현 방식이 자원 할당 방법을 개시한다.  자원 할당 방법은, 제1 기지국이 적어도 하나의 제2 기지국의 접속 전송 레이트를 획득하는 단계 - 접속 전송 레이트는 모든 사용자 장비에 의해 점유된 총 대역폭에 대한, 적어도 하나의 제2 기지국이 스케줄링을 수행하는 모든 사용자 장비의 총 처리량의 비율임 -; 제1 기지국이 적어도 하나의 제2 기지국의 접속 전송 레이트 및 적어도 하나의 제2 기지국의 백홀 전송 레이트에 따라 적어도 하나의 제2 기지국의 접속 링크와 백홀 링크의 자원 할당 정보를 결정하는 단계 - 백홀 전송 레이트는 백홀 링크의 총 대역폭에 대한 적어도 하나의 제2 기지국의 백홀 링크의 총 처리량의 비율임 -; 및 제1 기지국이 접속 링크와 백홀 링크의 자원 할당 정보를 적어도 하나의 제2 기지국에 송신하는 단계를 포함한다.  종래 기술와 비교하여, 본 발명의 구현 방식에서 개시된 자원 할당 방법에서는, 제2 기지국의 접속 링크와 백홀 링크의 전송 자원 할당이 동적으로 조절될 수 있으며, 자원 사용율이 향상된다.
Patent KR-20180006452-A (KR)
Title: Il-8에 결합하는 항체 및 그의 사용
Inventor: IGAWA TOMOYUKI
IPC: C07K16/36
Filed: 2016-08-05
Abstract: 비배타적인 일 태양에 있어서, 의약품으로서 우수한 신규 IL-8 항체를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20190083138-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK TAE HA
IPC: B32B15/14
Filed: 2018-01-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-performance vacuum insulation panel with improved heat bridge blocking and wind pressure resistance performance and, more specifically, to a high-performance vacuum insulation panel with improved heat bridge blocking and wind pressure resistance performance which has an H-shaped mold between vacuum insulators to minimize use of an adhesive and a binder and improve integration of vacuum insulators and a heat bridge on a joint between vacuum insulators, and forms packing configured to enclose the entire exterior of vacuum insulators and H-shaped molds to improve manufacturing quality. According to a proper embodiment of the present invention, the high-performance vacuum insulation panel with improved heat bridge blocking and wind pressure resistance performance comprises: a plurality of H-shaped molds formed in an H-shaped cross section and arranged at regular intervals; vacuum insulators inserted between the H-shaped molds; a core consisting of packing configured to enclose the entire exterior of the vacuum insulators and the H-shaped molds; and a metal panel affixed to an upper and a lower surface of the core.
Patent KR-20190083832-A (KR)
Inventor: BAE EUN KYUNG
IPC: A61K8/06
Filed: 2018-01-05
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing an oil-dispersible solution containing titanium dioxide and a cosmetic composition including the oil-dispersible solution. More specifically, the method comprises the steps of: surface-treating titanium dioxide with aluminum hydroxide, hydrogen dimethicone, and stearic acid to prepare lipophilic titanium dioxide; adding the lipophilic titanium dioxide to a mixed solution of a dispersant and a dispersion medium and stirring the mixture using an AGI mixer so as to prepare a wetting solution; preparing a first dispersion solution by primarily dispersing the wetting solution in a bead mill; and preparing a second dispersion solution by secondarily dispersing the first dispersion solution in the bead mill. According to the present invention, there is barely white turbidity caused by titanium dioxide in the oil-dispersible solution, and the oil-dispersible solution has excellent transparency and usability and exhibits excellent effects of blocking blue light.
Patent KR-20180083801-A (KR)
Inventor: ISHII KENTA
IPC: H01M10/0569
Filed: 2018-01-10
Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte solution of a composition capable of achieving high battery performance even in an extremely low temperature region (for example, -30°C or less). The non-aqueous electrolyte solution disclosed in the present invention comprises ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and ethyl propionate (EP) as nonaqueous solvents, wherein their respective contents are as following: EC 20-30 vol%; PC 5-10 vol%; EP 5-10 vol%; and DMC+EMC 50-70 vol% when the total volume of the non-aqueous solvents is 100 vol%.
Patent KR-20180008839-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE MOON KEY
IPC: G10H1/36
Filed: 2018-01-13
Abstract: The present invention relates an electronic keyboard using a camera. The electronic keyboard comprises: a keyboard in which a retro-reflection film is attached; a light source irradiating light to the retro-reflection film; and a camera installed next to the light source, and capturing the light of the light source retro-reflected from the retro-reflection film. An image captured by the camera is analyzed, a position of the reflected light source is tracked, a pressed state of the keyboard is found and instrument sound corresponding to the state is output. The electronic keyboard replaces a complex switch circuit installed at every keyboard into a simple switch circuit and replaces the camera into a small camera, thereby facilitating manufacturing, improving reliability of an electronic circuit and allowing a consumer to buy, directly assemble and manufacture a keyboard component and a camera module. Therefore, a digital piano can be cheaply realized.
Patent KR-20190087090-A (KR)
Title: Manufacturing Method of Natural Indigo Pigments by Using Polygonum indigo
Inventor: KIM HO SUK
IPC: C09B61/00
Filed: 2018-01-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a natural blue pigment using Polygonum indigo. More specifically, the method of preparing a natural blue pigment using Polygonum indigo comprises the following steps of: (a) immersing Polygonum indigo grass into water to separate blue bubbles; (b) drying the bubbles and processing the dried bubbles in the form of a lump to purify the lump; (c) mixing the purified lump with water, separating a supernatant from a mixture, and leaving alone the supernatant-removed mixture to obtain a powder; (d) mixing the obtained powder with a gelatin solution to obtain a blue solid matter; (e) removing water of the blue solid matter; and (f) naturally drying the blue solid matter. According to the present invention, a blue pigment prepared using the bubbles formed in the step of extracting pigments by using Polygonum indigo exhibits excellent colors during thin coloring or deep coloring in Korean painting since the blue pigment is prepared by selecting fine particles only. Further, the blue pigment is useful for extensive utilization in the art world when the blue pigment is used as color paint or the like since the blue pigment has color fastness and stability and has a decolorization or discoloration preventing effect and an insect-proof effect.
Patent KR-20190087141-A (KR)
Title: Neckrace of pets missiing prevention
Inventor: LEE YOOMI
IPC: H04M1/725
Filed: 2018-01-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a pet collar for preventing a pet animal from going missing. In particular, even when a predetermined application is not installed on a tag terminal, by an RFID tag, information related to the pet animal can be stored on a structure placed around the neck of the pet animal in the form of a pet collar, and location data of the pet animal is transmitted to a bracelet of the pet owner having a smartphone function, so as to have the location of the pet animal recognized. The pet collar of the present invention comprises: an RFID tag placed on a structure in the form of a pet collar wearable around the neck of a pet animal and containing a characteristic tag number and network address information of a central control center; a tag terminal capable of contactless communications with the RFID tag over a short distance, and configured to display thereon a webpage corresponding to an Internet URL address contained in the RFID tag through the communications with the RFID tag; a central control center configured to receive tag information characteristic to the RFID tag according to contactless communications between the RFID tag and the tag terminal and to display a webpage of the central control center on the tag terminal; a pet owner bracelet provided with a smartphone function to receive location information of the tag terminal being transmitted from the central control center to recognize the location of the pet animal; and a location sensor configured to recognize location information and if a predetermined distance is exceeded, transmit a signal, wherein the central control center transfers location information data with respect to the tag terminal to the pet owner bracelet with the smartphone function.
Patent KR-20190087220-A (KR)
Title: Car lamp using semiconductor light emitting device
Inventor: LEE SUNGWHAN
IPC: F21S2/00
Filed: 2018-01-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle lamp using a semiconductor light emitting device. The vehicle lamp has a light source unit emitting light. The light source unit includes a substrate having a reflective film, a semiconductor light emitting device coupled to the substrate, an insulation layer stacked on the reflective film and formed to surround the semiconductor light emitting device, first and second electrodes disposed on an upper surface of the insulation layer, and light transmissive connection electrodes respectively extended from the first and second electrodes to be electrically connected to the semiconductor light emitting device and formed to cover the upper surface of the semiconductor light emitting device.
Patent KR-20190090300-A (KR)
Title: Polyimide film and method for producing the same
Inventor: BAE MIN YOUNG
IPC: C08J5/18
Filed: 2018-01-24
Abstract: A polyimide film with reduced yellowness by processing the surface of a polyimide substrate, and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The polyimide film comprises a polyimide substrate; and a coating layer having yellowness (YI coating layer) of less than zero. In addition, the method for manufacturing the polyimide film comprises: a step of coating a coating layer forming composition comprising, on a polyimide substrate, a coating layer forming material having yellowness (YI) of zero or less and a solvent for dissolving the coating layer forming material; and a step of drying the coated coating layer forming composition to form a coating layer having yellowness (YI coating layer) of less than zero on the polyimide substrate.
Patent KR-20190091583-A (KR)
Title: Packet data compression method and appratus based on binary compression method
Inventor: KIM JEONG HUN
IPC: H04L29/06
Filed: 2018-01-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for compressing packet data by binary data compression. According to the present invention, if a random binary number starts with zero, compressed data is generated by excluding ″0″ which is a first bit, and if a random binary number starts with 1, the compressed data is generated by distinguishing the number of bits into an odd number and an even number.
Patent KR-20190092035-A (KR)
Title: Traffic state prediction system based on bayesian network and operating method thereof
Inventor: KIM DONG KYU
IPC: G08G1/01
Filed: 2018-01-30
Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a Bayesian network-based traffic state prediction system, which comprises: a traffic information input unit receiving traffic information from a plurality of measuring devices; and a traffic state prediction unit setting a Bayesian network structure using the traffic information as an input variable, learning a Bayesian network parameter based on learning data, and probabilistically predicting a traffic state using the Bayesian network structure and the Bayesian network parameter.
Patent KR-20190095837-A (KR)
Title: Small Size Turbo Compressor
Inventor: JUN CHUL OH
IPC: F04D29/16
Filed: 2018-02-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a small turbo compressor and, more specifically, to a small turbo compressor which can reduce a leakage generated between an impeller and a shroud. The small turbo compressor comprises an impeller rotating along with a rotary shaft, wherein the impeller comprises housings covering a blade of the impeller. Moreover, an impeller casing uneven portion is formed on the inner surface of an impeller casing in an impeller casing clearance portion formed between the outer surface of housings which face each other and the inner surface of the impeller casing.
Patent KR-20190105279-A (KR)
Title: Method for providing currency exchange service
Inventor: NA KI NAM
IPC: G06Q40/04
Filed: 2018-03-05
Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for providing a currency exchange service comprises the steps of: receiving currency exchange service request information from a user terminal by a first server; transmitting the received currency exchange service request information to a second server of an operator operating a place to receive exchanged currency by the first server; and receiving receipt confirmation information of the exchanged currency from the second server by the first server. The place to receive exchanged currency may be one of a place inside the flight that the user boards, a ticket issuing counter issuing a flight ticket, and an affiliate airline counter at the destination. Through the present invention, the method for providing a currency exchange service with the improved convenience of a customer may be provided.
Patent KR-20190106103-A (KR)
Title: Preemptive response system for new information security vulnerability, and method thereof
Inventor: UM JIN GUK
IPC: G06F21/55
Filed: 2018-03-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method for preemptively responding to a new information security vulnerability. The method of the present invention comprises: a first step of collecting an information security vulnerability CVE code through access to a CVE security information collection site for generating a security vulnerability CVE code via a network, and storing the same in an information security vulnerability DB; a second step of collecting a POC code through access to a POC code collection site for generating a POC code which is an attack code corresponding to a CVE code-based concept certificate code via a network, and storing the same in the information security vulnerability DB; and a third step of managing the information security vulnerability DB through CVE-POC mapping databasing for the CVE code and the POC code stored in the information security vulnerability DB. Therefore, a preventive activity for information security vulnerability can be performed in real time to protect information security assets by reducing security holes.
Patent KR-20190106119-A (KR)
Title: Bipolar Electrostatic Chuck Having Electrode Partially Formed Thereon
Inventor: CHO SAENG HYUN
IPC: B23Q3/15
Filed: 2018-03-07
Abstract: Disclosed is a bipolar electrostatic chuck. According to the present invention, the bipolar electrostatic chuck fixes a large substrate whose one edge is at least 2,000 mm, and comprises: a base; a lower dielectric substance formed on the entire upper surface of the base; an edge electrode unit which is formed along an edge on an upper side of the lower dielectric substance, and includes a first electrode and a second electrode being separated from the first electrode and having a different polarity; and an upper dielectric substance formed on an upper side of the edge electrode unit and the lower dielectric substance. The bipolar electrostatic chuck is divided into an edge electrode forming region which is a region from corners to the edge electrode unit on the plane view, and a middle region which is a region other than the edge electrode forming region. When the area of the edge electrode forming region is A, A is in a range of 20-35% of the entire area. According to the present invention, the bipolar electrostatic chuck can optimize functions while lowering manufacturing costs, and prevent stains caused by temperature variation or potential differences during a substrate manufacturing process.
Patent KR-20190108774-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for simultaneous removing nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxides of flue gas and flue gas treating system including the same
Inventor: JO HO YONG
IPC: B01D53/88
Filed: 2018-03-15
Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus capable of simultaneously removing nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides of exhaust gas by oxidizing nitrogen monoxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO_2) contained in the exhaust gas using a catalyst. The apparatus comprises: a removal tower; an exhaust gas inlet; an exhaust gas outlet; a catalyst layer; an oxygen supply unit; and a wet cleaning unit.
Patent KR-20190109084-A (KR)
Title: means for pressing solid matter storaged in chamber
Inventor: LEE CHUN WOO
IPC: B65F1/14
Filed: 2018-03-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a means for compressing a solid matter accommodated in a chamber which can prevent damage to a driving body or a wing unit. The means for compressing a solid matter accommodated in a chamber comprises: a bracket arranged on a chamber for accumulating and storing solid contents; a driving body loaded on the bracket; an output shaft of the driving body inserted into the chamber to penetrate a through hole formed on an upper end of the chamber to be extended in a horizontal direction; a first sleeve externally engaged with a front end of the output shaft to be rotated on the output shaft and prevent a movement in a longitudinal direction of the output shaft; a second sleeve externally engaged with a base end of the output shaft to be moved in the longitudinal direction of the output shaft while rotating with the output shaft; a cam driving body formed on a base end of the first sleeve; a cam driven body formed on a front end of the second sleeve to face the cam driving body to come in sliding surface contact with the cam driving body; a wing unit arranged on an outer circumferential surface of the first sleeve to come in contact with and compress contents in the vicinity of the first sleeve accumulated in the chamber; and a return means to return the second sleeve to an original position when the second sleeve moves in the longitudinal direction of the output shaft.
Patent KR-20190109855-A (KR)
Title: Graphene-metal nanowire hybrid ink composition, transparent electrode formed from the same, and device including the transparent electrode
Inventor: MUN KWANG KIL
IPC: C09D11/03
Filed: 2018-03-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid ink composition comprising graphene and a metal nanowire, to a transparent electrode which is produced from the hybrid ink composition and has significantly improved surface roughness, and to a device such as a display or the like comprising the transparent electrode.
Patent KR-20190112466-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG JAE CHEOL
IPC: H01M2/02
Filed: 2018-03-26
Abstract: The present invention discloses a heat dissipation area enlargement cartridge and a battery pack including the same. The heat dissipation area enlargement cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention is a cartridge in which a plurality of battery cells is stacked to form a battery module. A battery cell is embedded, and a cooling passage is formed at a portion in contact with the battery cell. The battery module is configured to include the heat dissipation area enlargement cartridge.
Patent KR-20190112931-A (KR)
Title: Method of displaying musical notation and musical score book thereof
Inventor: LEE SEUNG LYEL
IPC: G09B15/00
Filed: 2018-03-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for displaying a musical note based on numbers and a musical note textbook thereof. The method for displaying a musical note comprises: matching a positive integer starting at 1 to each note in the diatonic scale that sequentially increases from the keynote; sequentially matching a negative integer starting at -1 from one note lower than the keynote; and listing the positive integer or the negative integer in the order of the notes to be played.
Patent KR-20190113193-A (KR)
Title: The conveyor apparatus
Inventor: KIM KWANG SOO
IPC: F16C19/06
Filed: 2018-03-28
Abstract: The present invention includes: a drive shaft connected to a driving part to rotate; a rotating drive wheel connected to the drive shaft to rotate; a conveyor belt connected to the rotating drive wheel and performing caterpillar movement; and a drive bearing provided between the drive shaft and the rotating drive wheel, wherein the rotating drive wheel is rotated in the same direction in accordance with rotation of the drive shaft by the drive bearing or is rotatable in a direction opposite to the rotational direction of the drive shaft regardless of the drive shaft. Therefore, the present invention is easy for separation of the conveyor belt without separation of the driving part or the like, thereby being easy for cleaning and repairing.