baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-454566-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of sweet baked goods
IPC: A21D2/16
Filed: 1935-04-01
Abstract: To a shortening for use in making cakes there is added one or a mixture of esters containing at least two unesterified hydroxyl groups and obtained by incompletely esterifying polyhydric alcohols containing more than three carbon atoms with fatty acids. The polyhydric alcohol may be simple in type, e.g. sorbitol or mannitol or complex, e.g. sucrose, xylose, fructose or diglycerol, or citric or tartaric acid may be used.  The fatty acids preferably contain 16 or more carbon atoms in their molecules. Amongst the esters used are the monostearates of sucrose, fructose, mannitol or triglycerol, stearate of tartaric acid and the product obtained by esterifying diglycerol with the fatty acids from hydrogenated cottonseed or other vegetable oil of 70 iodine value.  The amount of ester used is preferably at least about 2 per cent by weight of the shortening.ALSO:In making cakes containing more sugar than flour to decrease the shrinkage of the cake at the end of the baking there is added one or a mixture of esters containing at least two unesterified hydroxyl groups and obtained by incompletely esterifying polyhydric alcohols containing more than three carbon atoms with fatty acids. The polyhydric alcohol may be simple in type e.g. sorbitol or mannitol or complex e.g. sucrose, xylose, fructose or diglycerol, or citric or tartaric acid may be used.  The fatty acids preferably contain 16 or more carbon atoms in their molecules.  Amongst the esters used are the monostearates of sucrose, fructose, mannitol or triglycerol, stearate of tartaric acid and the product obtained by esterifying diglycerol with the fatty acids from hydrogenated cottonseed or other vegetable oil of 70 iodine value.  The amount of ester used is preferably at least about 2 per cent by weight of the shortening and at least 0,2 per cent of the total cake batter.  The ester may be added to the batter at any stage of the mixing or may be first mixed with any of the ingredients, preferably the shortening in dry form.  A small quantity of a free fatty acid or soap, or both, may also be included in the cake mixture.  Examples of the mixtures used for making white and yellow layer cakes are given. Specification 425,982 is referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the addition of the ester or esters to cakes generally to decrease substantially the shrinkage of the cake at the end of the baking.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1160306-A (GB)
Title: Process for Separating and Purifying Polymers of Epoxides from their Solutions in Hydrocarbons
Inventor: FEY CLAUDE
IPC: C08G65/30
Filed: 1967-03-03
Abstract: 1,160,306. Separation and purification of polymers of monoepoxides. INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE DES CARBURANTS ET LUBRIFIANTS. 3 March, 1967 [4 March, 1966; 22 Dec., 1966], No. 10194/67. Heading C3R. Purification and separation of polymers of monoepoxides from their solutions in hydrocarbon solvents is effected by contacting the solution with an aqueous solution of methanol containing 40-90% by volume of methanol. This amount of methanol corresponds to 5-100% by volume of the polymer solution. The hydrocarbon solvents may be saturated aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons, or aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably C 4 -C 12  alkanes, such as heptane. If polymer initially free of metal residues is required, the precipitation may be preceded by or conducted simultaneously with the addition of a complexing agent for the metal residues and followed by washing with a low molecular weight alcohol in aqueous solution. Preferred complexing agents are #-ketoacids, #-ketoaldehydes, #-hydroxy ketones, #-hydroxy aldehydes, #-hydroxy esters, #-diketones, #- dicarboxylic acids and their esters, #-dialdehydes, #-nitrated compounds and #-sulphurated compounds. Homopolymers and copolymers of vicinal or 1,3-epoxides are purified by this method and the examples give the purification of epoxypropane homopolymer and epoxypropane/allyl glycidylether copolymer in the presence of a metal catalyst system based on aluminium and zinc.
Patent GB-1013775-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to carriers for transporting film reels
IPC: G03B21/32
Filed: 1964-03-11
Abstract: 1,013,775. Hand trucks. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. March 11, 1964 [March 14, 1963], No. 10289/64. Heading B7B. A hand truck has a pair of shafts 3 disposed on either side of a column 2 which is vertically adjustable in the tubular support 5 of the truck so that film reels 6 can be maintained at the correct height for loading into a projector. A handle 1 is provided for manipulating the truck.
Patent GB-553153-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to wheels
IPC: B60B1/00
Filed: 1942-07-23
Abstract: 553,153. Wheels. BAKER, B. H. July 23, 1942. No. 10313. [Class 144 (i)] The rim of a wheelbarrow or other wheel is formed of a metal strip a Fig. 2, having its adjacent ends interlocked by a tongue b at one end engaging a complementary notch in the other end. The central part of the wheel may be formed by a pair of dished metal plates c united to the rim by spot welding. When metal spokes are used, one of the spokes, d, Fig. 5, is bent to overlap the interlock b and united thereto by spot welding or riveting. In a modification, the interlock is reinforced by a short metal plate secured to the inner surface of the rim.
Patent GB-1378391-A (GB)
Title: Polymerisation process making same
IPC: C08F259/04
Filed: 1971-04-21
Abstract: 1378391 Polymerizing vinyl chloride BP CHEMICALS INTERNATIONAL Ltd 17 April 1972 [21 April 1971] 10396/71 Heading C3P Vinyl chloride polymer having an order factor above 16 or below 10 is obtained by a mass or suspension polymerization at 30-80 C. in the presence of a finely divided seed vinyl chloride polymer having an order factor above 16 or below 10 respectively and obtained by a process other than that of the invention. The seed polymer having a particle size below 200 microns is used in a ratio to monomer of 0À1 : 99À9 to 50 : 50. It may be added to the monomer as a latex which is then coagulated in situ.
Patent GB-493553-A (GB)
Title: Lubrication systems for engines
IPC: F16N13/20
Filed: 1937-04-13
Abstract: 493,553. Force - feed lubricating. ORME, J. S. April 13, 1937, No. 10488. [Class 12 (iii)] In a lubricating system of an engine in which lubricant is delivered from a container A to the engine F<1> under pressure by a pressure pump B and redelivered to the container from the engine by a scavenger pump C, if the pressure of lubricant delivered by the pump B falls below a predetermined amount, lubricant from the scavenger pump is returned to the engine through a pipe M connecting the delivery sides of the pumps and containing a non-return valve N normally kept closed by the pressure of the lubricant from the pump B. A spring loaded valve O is inserted in the connection L from the pump C to the cooler D and container A and its load is adjusted to be less than the normal load on the valve N. A spring loaded valve J maintains under a lower pressure the oil flowing to the other parts of the engine through a pipe H.
Patent GB-1178476-A (GB)
Title: Automatic Levelling Seat for Tractors and the like
Inventor: TAYLOR ORA QUINTON
IPC: B60N2/52
Filed: 1967-03-06
Abstract: 1,178,476. Self levelling devices. O.Q. TAYLOR. March 6, 1967, No.10518/67. Heading G1F. A self levelling tractor seat 10 is carried by bearings 15, 16 for swinging movement on a horizontal shaft 13, the seat being mounted on a parallelogram linkage 15<SP>1</SP>, 19 and counterbalanced by a spring (not shown), the movement of the seat about the shaft 13 acting as a piston in a cylinder 41 connected in a closed fluid filled loop also containing a check valve actuated by movement of a pendulum weight 20, the arrangement being such that with the seat level the valve is closed and movement of the seat about the shaft 13 is prevented, the pendulum weight 20 opening the valve when the seat is tilted from the level position allowing fluid to flow in the closed loop in one direction and the weight on the seat restoring it to its level position about the shaft 13. The valve has two open positions allowing fluid flow in one or the other direction depending on the direction of tilting of the seat.
Patent GB-866090-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to alloys
IPC: C22C30/00
Filed: 1958-04-02
Abstract: A master alloy suitable for addition to titanium to form titanium-base alloys which preferably have a mixed alpha-beta structure, has a composition within the following range, in per cent by weight. .Ta.10-35 .Nb.10-35 .Al.20-75 .Fe.0-3.0 .Si.0-1.5 .Mn.0-7.0 .O, H and N.0-0.5 with incidental impurities  The master alloy may be produced by reducing fused columbo-tantalite and crude columbium oxide with excess aluminium in the presence of lime.
Patent GB-162527-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in internal combustion engines
IPC: F02F7/00
Filed: 1920-04-15
Abstract: 162,527. Parker, T. H. April 15, 1920. Crank chambers; cylinders, construction of.- A cylinder a is formed in one piece with a crank casing having removable and interchangeable cover plates g in which are mounted the crankshaft bearings. A cover plate is provided in the base of the casing at l and two additional removable plates may be provided on the crank casing in planes at right-angles to the plates g. The additional plates may be replaced by flanges by which the crank casing is secured in position. Charges are compressed in the crank casing the transfer passage, not shown, being closed by a detachable cover.
Patent GB-1248319-A (GB)
Title: Process for the optical brightening of fibrous materials of synthetic polyamides or cellulose esters
IPC: D06L4/679
Filed: 1969-02-27
Abstract: 1,248,319. Optically brightening textiles. FARBWERKE HOECHST A.G. 27 Feb., 1969 [2 March, 1968], No. 10619/69. Heading D1P. [Also in Division C5] Synthetic polyamide or cellulose ester fibrous materials are optically brightened by impregnating with a liquor containing an optical brightener and subsequently fixing the brightener on the fibres by heat treatment in the presence of an auxiliary agent comprising or consisting of a polyalkylene glycol HO-(C n H 2n O) x -H where n is 2 or 3 and x is from 2 to 22 and a fatty alcohol oxyethylate RO-(C 2 H 4 O) z -H where R is a C 8  to C 24  alkyl or alkenyl residue and z is from 3 to 16. Preferably the auxiliary agent also includes a foam-depressing compound such as an aliphatic carboxylic acid ester R 2 COOR 1  where R 1  and R 2  each represents a C 4  to C 18  saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group and may be the same or different, one or both of said groups containing at least one C 1  to C 4  side chain, preferably in the α- position in the acid radical but in the α- or #- position in the alcohol radical. A phosphoric acid ester of a C 4  to C 8  aliphatic alcohol may also be included in the auxiliary agent. As described the auxiliary agent is applied to the fibres together with the brightening agent and citric acid, and other treating agents may be included in the treating solution, dispersion or emulsion. Examples are given of brightening knitted nylon 6 fabric, nylon 66 fabric, and cellulose triacetate fibres. Specified optical brightening agents are sodium-1-sulphonate ethylsulphonylphenyl-3-p chlorophenyl pyrazol-4-ine and the corresponding 1-acetamido ethyl sulphonyl-phenyl compound and 4:4' bis (2"- anilino - 4" - methoxy - 6".- imino-1":3":5"- triazine)-stilbene-2:2'-bis(sodium sulphonate), and heat treatment is effected at 190 to 200C. In the case of nylon 66 fabric a dye is added to the treating solution to improve the whiteness of the fabric, while in treating cellulose triacetate fibres a nonyl phenol/ ethylene oxide condensate is additionally included.
Patent GB-989362-A (GB)
Title: A hydraulic piston and cylinder motor
IPC: F03C1/053
Filed: 1962-03-20
Abstract: 989,362. Hydraulic reciprocating motors. A. FRASER. June 20, 1963 [March 20, 1962], No. 10687/62. Heading F1A. In an hydraulic radial cylinder motor comprising pistons 12 engaging an eccentric 13 and reciprocating in cylinders I each supplied by a high pressure ring main 9, via an inlet valve 7, and exhausting to a low pressure ring main 5 via an exhaust valve 3, the cylinder exhaust port 2 is positioned so as not to be masked by the piston 12 and is in communication with high pressure main 9 via a check valve 17, so that if mistiming of the exhaust valve 3 occurs, excessive pressure in cylinder 1 is released via check valve 17 into main 9. To obtain increased speed of the motor for a given rate of supply of high pressure liquid, exhaust valve 3 may be deliberately timed to close early and/or to open late, so that liquid under high pressure is pumped back into the high pressure main through valve 17 at the beginning and/or the end of each exhaust stroke. Specification 989,363 is referred to.
Patent GB-115742-A (GB)
Title: Improved Coke Discharger.
Inventor: WILSON WILLIAM
IPC: C10B33/02
Filed: 1917-07-26
Abstract: 115,742. Wilson, W. July 26, 1917. Discharging.-A telescopic ram discharger for removing coke from horizontal retorts is constructed to permit of cooling by water. The outer portion 3 is formed as a water-box enclosing the inner portion 2, which carries the ram head, and the rope and pulley mechanism for actuating it. The outer portion is operated by a rack and pinion.
Patent GB-433651-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in milk bottle holders
IPC: A47G29/24
Filed: 1934-04-10
Abstract: 433,651. Securing milk - bottles on doors &c. MORGAN, J. E., 13, Nicholls Avenue, Porthcawl, Glamorgan. April 10, 1934, No. 10740. [Class 44] The metal holder A is funnel-shaped and has one third of its circumference cut away for the entrance of the bottle neck. It is supported on a bar B which passes through a tube C in the door and carries at its end a split pin D with its ends held by a screw nut E. The flanged end of the tube is held by a staple G, and the inner end of the tube is slotted to permit passage of the pin D. A weighted strip F on the bar seals the entrance to the cap when hanging freely. To insert the bottle the pin D is turned into its erect position so that it enters the slot in the tube while the bar B and the holder A are moved forward. The strip F is then turned to a horizontal position and the bottle X inserted in the holder which is then pushed towards the door until the pin D swings downwards at the end of the tube C. The parts then occupy the positions shown in the Figure. When the pin D is turned upwards and the parts moved to enable the bottle to be removed, the strip F moves to its vertical position to seal the opening to the holder.
Patent GB-478562-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of iron or steel
IPC: C21C7/064
Filed: 1936-04-14
Abstract: Pig iron or steel is dephosphorized by pouring the molten metal into an oxidizing basic fluid slag, the rate of pouring and the height from which the metal is poured being so regulated that a violent evolution of carbon monoxide occurs resulting in a seething layer of slag permeated by carbon monoxide bubbles, into which layer metal particles are projected upwards from the underlying metal.  The rate of pouring may be controlled by frequent interruptions in the pouring.  The reaction is more violent the greater the rate and the greater the height of pouring, these being adjusted in accordance with the oxidizing character of the slag, the carbon content of the metal, and the temperature.  As compared with the turbulent emulsion-like mixture obtained by the process described in Specification 405,633, the intermixing is progressive, the metal at the bottom of the ladle being projected, portion by portion, into the slag above it by virtue of the evolution of carbon dioxide which is formed by reaction between the metal and slag particles entrained by the jet of metal in its passage through the slag.  In dephosphorizing acid Bessemer steel, the metal is first worked by blowing in the usual way until an extra mild steel is obtained, and is then recarburized and desired additions of ferromanganese are made, after which the dephosphorization is carried out as described above.  To avoid oxidation of the manganese, manganese oxide may be added to the slag.  The dephosphorization may be followed by deoxidation, effected for example in the manner described in Specification 404,300.  In applying the process to blast furnace pig iron, manganese may be added to the slag and, where the iron contains silicon, the basic quality of the slag may be maintained by adding manganese oxide or other bases.  In an example, 500 kilograms of pig iron was poured from a height of 3 metres into 60 kilograms of slag at the rate of about 5,5 kilograms a second, the temperature of the metal and slag being approximately 1300 DEG  C.  The pig iron contained 3,3 per cent of carbon 0,3 per cent of silicon, 0,12 per cent phosphorus, and 1,1 per cent of manganese; the slag comprised 20 per cent silicon dioxide, 25 per cent iron oxide, 11 per cent calcium oxide, 1 per cent aluminium oxide, and 2 per cent magnesium oxide.  The resulting metal contained 3,08 per cent of carbon, 0,05 per cent of silicon, 0,022 per cent of phosphorus, and 0,9 per cent of manganese, the dephosphorization thus amounting to 81,66 per cent.
Patent GB-727361-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to valves adapted to close the ends of suction pipes
IPC: F16K15/06
Filed: 1953-04-20
Abstract: 727,361. Emptying tanks. JORDAN, W. April 20, 1953 [July 23, 1952; July 23, 1952], No. 10789/53. Class 21. [Also in Group XXIX] In emptying liquid containers by means of a suction pipe, the. lower end of the pipe carries a valve which, when no liquid is flowing, normally seats under the action of gravity but which is lifted by the impact of the valve hitting the bottom of the container. In one embodiment, the end of a suction hose S, Fig. 2, is provided with a valve 16 which normally seats by its own weight, as shown by the dotted lines, to shut off flow through the end of the hose. When the latter is inserted in the tank to be emptied and pushed into contact with the bottom of the tank so as to compress the spring 23, the valve lifted from its seat. The valve is kept in the open position by the force of the flow of liquid up the tube, and an auxiliary weight 21, freely slidable on the stem of the valve, is also forced up the stem into contact with the stem guide 19. When the tank is emptied and the flow ceases, weight 21 falls on to a collar 20 on the stem and jams the valve on to its seat. The hose is provided with a handle G, inspection windows 3, and a pivotedvane flow indicator 5. In a modification, the valve comprises a float 29, Fig. 3, which seats around the lower edge of a flow guide 35, the latter being secured by webs at the lower end of the hose 1. A cage 27, pressed downwards by a spring 37, houses the float and encloses the lower end of the hose. When the hose is inserted into a tank, contact with the bottom thereof pushes up the cage 27, and the latter presses on lugs 44 on the float-cum-valve to raise the latter until liquid can flow up the tube. The flow of liquid, acting on the sloping surfaces 45 of the float, will keep the latter in the raised position.
Patent GB-1495572-A (GB)
Title: Process for manufacturing polymers of bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene and its substitution derivatives
IPC: C08G61/08
Filed: 1975-03-14
Abstract: 1495572 Norbornene polymerization SOC CHIMIQUE DES CHARBONNAGES 14 March 1975 [26 March 1974] 10807/75 Heading C3P Finely divided polymers of bicyclo[2.2.1]- heptene-2 (norbornene), and its substitution derivatives, are prepared by incompletely polymerizing the monomer by known ring opening techniques under pressure in the presence of an appropriate catalyst system dissolved in a solvent in a process wherein the pressure is abruptly reduced at a sufficiently high temperature to cause vaporization of the constituents of the reaction mixture, this causes subdivision and at least partial drying of the polymer. In a preferred embodiment the polymerization is effected in a double-screw extrusion machine having at least one polymerization zone and at least one expansion/ drying zone. In the Examples 1-9, polymerization was effected at a pressure between 3 and 7 bars and a temperature between 100 and 160 C. using a catalyst of RuCl 3 .xH 2 O in nbutanol. Decompression was achieved in either a two stage process (with an intermediate zone at atmospheric pressure) or in a one stage process directly to vacuum. In Example 10 a catalyst consisting of WCl 6  and Al(isoBu) 3  in toluene was employed.
Patent GB-376757-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for welding or soldering electric cables
IPC: B23K5/00
Filed: 1931-04-13
Abstract: 376,757. Soldering ; uniting by fusion. ALLGEMEINE ELECTRICITATSGES., 2, Friedrich Karl-Ufer, and ZEISS, B., 2, G÷thestrasse, Wendenschloss, C÷penick, both in Berlin. April 13, 1931, No. 10911. [Class 83 (iv).] The ends of electric cables are soldered or fusion welded by a flame by first stripping the insulation therefrom and then clamping them between pairs of relatively movable clamping jaws which are pressed together coaxially by hand during the application of the flame. Each pair of jaws consists of a fixed jaw 1 and a movable jaw 5 provided with interengaging ribs so as to prevent lateral movement of the cable ends 2. One pair of jaws is axially movable on guide-rods and the other pair stationary. The movable jaw of each pair is adjustable by a screw 6 in a frame 4 which is pivoted at 3 and is secured by a pivoted catch 9 to the fixed jaw so that the jaws may be quickly opened. Soldering may be effected by a disc of silver. In order to prevent misalignment of the work-pieces owing to play between the parts which may be produced by trembling of the operator's hands in a direction at rightangles to the direction of pressure, the movable pair of jaws 11 are operated by a lever 16 provided with one or more springs 21 on its pivot 18, the lever having a slot 20 engaging an angle shaped pin 19 secured to the jaws 11. The pivot 18 is mounted on a bracket 17 adjustable on the guide-rods of the apparatus. The progress of the operation may be indicated, so that the flame may be removed when necessary, by a scale 22 secured to the arm 15 and a pointer 23 pivoted on a rod 25 secured to the arm and operated by a pin 27 on a rod 26 secured to the movable jaws 11. The movement of the jaws 11 corresponds approximately to the thickness of the solder. If the distance apart of the carriers in the closed position varies, the bracket 17 is adjusted axially taking with it the lever 16 and jaws 11 and the rod 25 and scale 22 are similarly adjusted on the arm 15. Shields 28, 29 are provided to prevent the heat radiated from the ends of the cables from acting on the insulation.
Patent GB-1178798-A (GB)
Title: Method of Producing Mixtures of Coal and Water for Burning in Furnaces
IPC: C10L1/32
Filed: 1968-03-06
Abstract: 1,178,798. Mixing fluent materials. KLOCKNER-HUMBOLDT-DEUTZ A.G. 6 March, 1968 [25 July, 1967], No. 10913/68. Heading B1C. [Also in Division G3] A method of producing a coal/water slurry for use as a fuel comprises mixing the filter cake from the wash water clarification with a fine slurry obtained from a second clarification of the wash water and maintaining a predetermined water content in the final mixture. As shown the wash water from the main clarification in a thickener 1 is submitted to a second clarification at 3 and the slurry therefrom, still having a water content of about 60%, is supplied to a mixer 4, where it is mixed with the from the thickener 1 which have been dewatered at 2. The water content of the final mixture may be controlled by controlling the proportion of the slurry from the thickener 3 by means of a valve or pump 8 which operates in dependence upon a measuring device 7 (which may be a gamma radiation source). The supply of solids from the filter 2 may also be controlled by the level detector 9 in the thickener 3.