baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20160143119-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SE HUN
IPC: F02M61/12
Filed: 2015-06-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-pressure injection (LPI) injector using a side feeding method. The LPI injector comprises: a fuel injection chamber which injects fuel to a combustion chamber of an engine through a fuel injection port; and a fuel supply path which injects the fuel to the fuel injection chamber in a direction crossing the injection direction of the fuel injection port. Therefore, the present invention minimizes the wavering of a needle by forming three or more fuel supply paths in a circumference direction at equal directions, thereby preventing a fuel leak. Moreover, the present invention improves the durability of components and improves combustion efficiency through a swirl.
Patent KR-20160147582-A (KR)
Title: Flywheel
Inventor: NOH YOUNG CHANG
IPC: G01L3/10
Filed: 2015-06-15
Abstract: A flywheel includes: a first mass flywheel connected to be axially rotated by an output shaft of an engine and including a screw shaft in the center of rotation; a second mass flywheel axially rotated relatively to the first mass flywheel, and including a guide bore combined with the screw shaft to reciprocate along the screw shaft by being rotated relatively to the first mass flywheel; a damping unit combined with the first and second mass flywheels to deliver the torque of the first mass flywheel to the second mass flywheel; and a position detecting unit calculating brake torque by detecting information on the relative position of the second mass flywheel to the first mass flywheel when the torque of the first mass flywheel is delivered to the second mass flywheel by the relative rotation of the second mass flywheel to the first mass flywheel. Therefore, the present invention is capable of measuring the brake torque in real time.
Patent KR-20160148258-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE EUN JU
IPC: C08L27/18
Filed: 2015-06-16
Abstract: 본 발명은 폴리아마이드 6,6 수지와 폴리아미드 6로 이루어지는 폴리아미드 수지, 카본나노튜브 및 활제를 포함하는 내마모성 폴리아미드 조성물에 관한 것으로, 향상된 내마모성 및 표면 경도를 부여함과 동시에 상기 특성을 부여하는 것에 따라 나타나는 인성의 저하를 방지할 수 있는 효과가 있다.
Patent KR-20160149412-A (KR)
Inventor: YANG SUNG JIN
IPC: F25D17/08
Filed: 2015-06-18
Abstract: Disclosed are an ice maker for a refrigerator and a manufacturing method thereof. According to an embodiment, the ice maker includes: a cooling part generating cold air; a case installed in a food storage space of a refrigerator or on a door closing the food storage space, and including a cooling space receiving the cold air generated from the cooling part; an ice making assembly generating ice; and a bucket placed in a side of the ice making assembly, and storing the ice separated from an ice generation groove. The ice making assembly includes: a tray placed in the cooling space, and including an ice generation groove dented on the upper surface to generate the ice; and a guide part placed in the bottom of the tray, and guiding the cold air, supplied from the cooling part, to the bottom of the tray. The guide part includes a guide member staying away from the bottom of the tray to form a cold air passage, in which the cold air flows, between the bottom of the tray and the guide member and including a first slope section inclined upward and extended in a longitudinal direction of the tray to induce the cold air to the bottom of the tray. A virtual extended line of the first slope section is able to reach a gap between two ice generation grooves, adjacent to each other in a longitudinal direction of the tray, among a plurality of ice generation grooves.
Patent KR-20160150384-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SE HYUN
IPC: G06F12/02
Filed: 2015-06-22
Abstract: A data storage device includes n number of logical zones, wherein each of the n number of logical zones includes k number of logical areas, and logical areas included in the n number of logical zones are grouped into k number of logical area groups based on their offset values; and a processor increasing a first access count stored in a first entry in a first table corresponding to a logical zone containing the target logical area when a write request for a target logical area is received, and increasing a second access count stored in a second entry in a second table corresponding to the logical area group containing the target logical region. So, the number of write can be effectively managed.
Patent KR-20170000016-A (KR)
Title: 차량용 에어컨의 액츄에이터
Inventor: JIN HO JIN
IPC: B60H1/00
Filed: 2015-06-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 센서회로부와 단자를 모듈화하여 일체형으로 제공하므로 매칭성이 크게 향상되고 조립시간의 단축 및 생산성의 향상을 얻을 수 있는 차량용 에어컨의 액츄에이터를 제공한다 
본 발명의 차량용 에어컨의 액츄에이터는 내부에 부품의 설치공간이 형성되도록 분리가능하게 결합되는 한쌍의 상부 및 하부 하우징과, 하부 하우징의 내부에 고정 설치되는 모터와, 모터의 회전력을 전달하는 기어부와, 도어의 개폐 정도를 감지하기 위한 센서회로부와, 센서회로부에 연결되는 회로단자와, 모터와 연결되는 모터단자와, 도어의 개폐에 대응하여 센서회로부에 끝단이 접한 상태로 회전하는 와이퍼부재를 포함하는 차량용 에어컨의 액츄에이터에 있어서, 센서회로부와 회로단자, 모터단자, 와이퍼부재는 일체로 결합되어 센서회로모듈을 구성하고, 센서회로모듈은 회로단자와 모터단자가 인서트된 상태로 사출성형으로 제조되는 커넥터케이스를 더 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170000918-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JONG GON
IPC: G01C21/34
Filed: 2015-06-24
Abstract: The present invention comprises: a user interface unit receiving travel plans; a travel information collection unit collecting travel information from the internet; and a control unit detecting a traveling path from the travel plan when the travel plan is inputted through the user interface unit, collecting the travel information matched to the traveling path through the travel information collection unit, and generating a theme route by mapping the collected travel information on the traveling path.
Patent KR-20170001858-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE HAN JU
IPC: G06F12/02
Filed: 2015-06-26
Abstract: A nonvolatile memory module according to the present invention includes at least one nonvolatile memory device and a device controller for receiving a storage command from an external device and performing an operation corresponding to the received storage command. The device controller includes a random access memory (RAM), completes the corresponding operation, stores status information in the RAM and transmits a notification signal to the external device. So, the performance of the nonvolatile memory module can be improved.
Patent KR-20170001492-A (KR)
Inventor: YU JAE HYUN
IPC: A23L11/00
Filed: 2015-06-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 치킨 파우더 및 이를 이용한 치킨의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 쌀가루, 콩가루, 견과류 분말, 변성전분을 포함하는 치킨 파우더를 제조하고, 이를 이용하여 닭을 베터링 및 브레딩함으로써 치킨을 제조하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 
 발명에 의하면, 식감, 관능성은 물론 영양가가 높은 치킨을 제공할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한, 수입에 의존하고 있는 밀가루를 쌀가루와 콩가루로 대체함으로써, 쌀과 콩의 소비를 촉진할 수 있는 장점이 있다.
Patent KR-20160008458-A (KR)
Title: Lift-off method
Inventor: KOYANAGI TASUKU
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 2015-07-01
Abstract: The present invention relates to a lift-off method for smoothly exfoliating an epitaxy substrate from an optical device layer. An optical device wafer (10) has the optical device layer (12) through a buffer layer (13) composed of a Ga compound including Ga on the surface (11a) of the epitaxy substrate (11). After bonding a relocation substrate (20) onto the optical device layer of the optical device wafer, a pulsed laser beam of a wavelength having permeability for the epitaxy substrate and an adsorbent property for the buffer layer is irradiated from the rear side (11b) of the epitaxy substrate, and a release layer is formed on the boundary surface of the epitaxy substrate and the buffer layer. Afterwards, the epitaxy substrate is vibrated by allowing an ultrasonic horn (42), which oscillates an ultrasonic vibration, to be in contact with an external circumference portion of the epitaxy substrate, the expitaxy substrate is exfoliated from the relocation substrate, and the optical device layer is relocated on the relocation substrate.
Patent KR-20160010314-A (KR)
Inventor: SEO BO HYUN
IPC: C09B67/14
Filed: 2015-07-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for stabilizing an organic pigment in a composition and, more specifically, to a method for stabilizing an organic pigment, which comprises a step of treating sulfite to a composition containing the organic pigment. According to the present invention, color implementation of the pigment can be maximized by stabilizing the organic pigment in the composition, especially in a cosmetic composition. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be useful in the production of the cosmetic composition.
Patent KR-20170010120-A (KR)
Title: 다양한 환경에 따라 조명을 조절하는 oled 조명장치
Inventor: PEAK IN GI
IPC: F21S10/02
Filed: 2015-07-09
Abstract: 본원발명은 다양한 환경에 따라 조명을 조절하는 OLED 조명장치에 관한 것으로 상세하게는 주변의 조도에 따라 밝기를 조절하는 조명장치에 있어서, 일정공간을 조명하는 것으로 OLED로 이루어진 조명부와, 주변의 조도를 감지하는 조도감지센서가 설치된 조도계와, 주변의 환경에 맞는 색도를 입력하는 색도입력부와, 주변 상황에 맞게 상기 조명부에서 방출하는 조명의 색도 및 조도를 선정하기 위하여 다양한 조도 및 색도에 맞는 데이터가 저장된 데이터베이스 및, 상기 조명부, 상기 조도계 및 상기 색도입력부의 작동상태를 제어하며, 주변의 조도를 감지하여 상기 조도계에서 전송된 데이터와 상기 색도입력부에서 입력된 색도 데이터를 상기 데이터베이스에서 검색하여 부합되는 색도 제어신호와 조도 제어신호를 출력함으로써 상기 조명부의 점등상태를 제어하는 제어부로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 한다. 
본 발명은 조명장치가 설치된 곳의 주변 조도, 온도 등의 변화에 맞게 조명의 색도 및 조도를 변경할 수 있어 사용자의 환경 변화 또는 설치 장소의 환경 변화에 대처가 가능하여 효율적이고 안정적인 고품질의 조명을 제공할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20170008543-A (KR)
Title: Cable For Universal Serial Bus Specification
Inventor: LEE MAN SU
IPC: H01B9/04
Filed: 2015-07-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to a cable for a universal serial bus specification which has flexibility while simultaneously performing high-speed data transmission by minimizing a data loss or interference by the length of the cable, and supplying power to most surrounding devices connected to a computer or the like.
Patent KR-20170009537-A (KR)
Title: 스팸 정보 제공 장치 및 방법
Inventor: YOON JI HYUN
IPC: H04M3/436
Filed: 2015-07-17
Abstract: 스팸 정보 제공 장치는 복수의 단말에 저장된 연락처 목록들을 수집하고, 상기 연락처 목록들의 연결 관계를 기초로 수신자 연락처와 발신자 연락처의 소셜 관계 지표를 계산하고, 상기 소셜 관계 지표와 발신자 연락처의 스팸 점수 중 적어도 하나를 기초로 상기 수신자 연락처에 대한 상기 발신자 연락처의 스팸 정보를 생성하는 스팸 판단부, 그리고 상기 스팸 정보를 상기 수신자 번호에 해당하는 수신자 단말로 전송하는 스팸 정보 제공부를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170011909-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE MIN JAE
IPC: A61K36/8962
Filed: 2015-07-24
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating radiation syndrome which comprises an extract of garlic as an active ingredient. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating radiation syndrome and a food composition for improving radiation syndrome, which comprise an extract of garlic as an active ingredient. The present invention can be used to provide a composition and a food composition for preventing or treating radiation syndrome which comprise an extract of garlic as an active ingredient, and to provide a composition for inhibiting variation of chromosome caused by radiation and a composition for retaining chromosome stability. In addition, the present invention can be used advisably to prevent, improve and treat diseases caused by radiation through the effect of inhibiting variation of genes provided by an extract of garlic.
Patent KR-20170015691-A (KR)
Title: Data Driver, Display Device and Driving Method Using the same
Inventor: KIM DONG JU
IPC: G09G3/36
Filed: 2015-07-30
Abstract: The present invention uses a level shifter unit and a gate driving unit which outputs a gate signal based on a signal outputted from the level shifter unit, for reducing the number of signal lines (or interfaces) for transmitting a signal between a timing control unit and the level shifter unit. The level shifter unit includes a control circuit unit which dividedly generates and outputs gate clock signals, a first start signal, a second start signal, an output signal, and a reset signal based on an on-clock signal, an off-clock signal, and a selection signal supplied from the timing control unit.
Patent KR-20170020039-A (KR)
Title: Method and program for providing real-time traffic informaion
Inventor: KANG BYUNG JU
IPC: G01S1/02
Filed: 2015-08-13
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and program for providing real-time vehicle information. A method for providing real-time vehicle information according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step (S100) of receiving, by a mobile terminal (100), a first beacon signal from a first beacon (300) disposed in a vehicle (200); a step (S200) of recognizing a user getting in the vehicle (200), and providing a vehicle information display interface onto a screen of the mobile terminal (100); a step (S300) of computing a location at which a user has gotten in the vehicle (200) or a location at which the vehicle (200) is scheduled to arrive; and a step (S400) of displaying information about the computed location on the screen. According to the present invention, even when a user performs an unrelated task by using a mobile terminal while using public transportation or the public transportation means is too crowded to check a station, the user can be prevented from missing a destination.
Patent KR-20160087330-A (KR)
Title: Display panel
Inventor: YEN CHUNG WEN
IPC: G02F1/1368
Filed: 2015-08-18
Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a substrate including a non-display region having a thin film transistor. The thin film transistor includes a semiconductor layer, a first insulating layer, a first metal layer, a second insulating layer, and first and second via hole series disposed to be adjacent to both sides of the first metal layer. The first via hole series include a plurality of first via holes, and the second via hole series include a plurality of second via holes. A second metal layer includes a first portion and a second portion. The minimum distance between the edge of the first portion and the edge of the first metal layer is a first distance, and the minimum distance between the edge of the second portion and another edge of the first metal layer is a second distance. The second distance is greater than the first distance.
Patent KR-20160029655-A (KR)
Inventor: IRIE ATSUSHI
IPC: G06K9/62
Filed: 2015-08-19
Abstract: The present invention includes: a data acquiring unit acquiring input data; a feature volume acquiring unit acquiring a feature volume corresponding to the input data; multiple identifiers classifying classes based on the inputted feature volume; an identifying unit inputting the acquired feature volume into each of the identifiers, and generating a second classification result, which is a single classification result, based on multiple obtained classification results; and a reliability generating unit generating the reliability of the second classification result based on the deviation of multiple classification results.
Patent KR-20170022143-A (KR)
Title: Mobile terminal
Inventor: SHIN DONG HO
IPC: H04M1/02
Filed: 2015-08-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile terminal. According to an aspect of the present invention, the mobile terminal comprises: a terminal body having a display unit for outputting an image on a surface; and an outer cover detachably coupled to the terminal body through magnetic force and selectively covering the display unit. The terminal body includes a first coupling portion provided in a region of the terminal body coupled to the outer cover and accommodating a plurality of first magnets spaced apart. The outer cover includes a second coupling portion accommodating a plurality of second magnets spaced apart to be coupled to the first magnets through magnetic force. The first magnets are arranged to be symmetrical to the respective second magnets with respect to a reference line (L) which bisects a coupling region where the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion are coupled.
Patent KR-20170026850-A (KR)
Title: Manufacturing method of roasted salicomia herbaceal salt coated with salicomia herbaceal extract and the roasted salicomia herbaceal salt made by the method
Inventor: JO YUN KYOUNG
IPC: A23L27/40
Filed: 2015-08-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to method of manufacturing roasted Salicornia herbacea salt coated with an Salicornia herbacea extract, and roasted Salicornia herbacea salt manufactured thereby. According to the present invention, the method comprises the following steps: roasting bay salt; pulverizing the roasted bay salt; mixing an Salicornia herbacea extract and an edible coating agent to manufacture a coating solution; coating the coating solution on bay salt powder to manufacture coated powder; drying and sterilizing the coated powder; and mixing Salicornia herbacea powder with the dried and sterilized coated powder. According to the present invention, the Salicornia herbacea salt has effectiveness with a nutritionally synergetic effect without reducing salty taste which is a function of salt, and has effectiveness of providing a roasting temperature, the content of the coating solution, and a mixing rate of Salicornia herbacea powder exhibiting the optimal preference.
Patent KR-20170025638-A (KR)
Title: Manufacturing method of fire resistant cable
Inventor: CHOI SUK MOON
IPC: H01B3/30
Filed: 2015-08-31
Abstract: According to the present invention, a manufacturing method of a fire resistant cable comprises: a first tape forming step of using first mica tape to spirally enclose an outer surface of a conductor unit; a second tape forming step of using second mica tape to spirally enclose an outer surface of the first mica tape; and an insulation layer forming step of using extrusion molding to form an insulation layer on an outer side of the second mica tape. The first mica tape includes a first base layer, a first mica layer coated on the first base layer, and a resin layer coated on the first mica layer. In the first tape forming step, the first mica tape is rolled to bring the first base layer into contact with the conductor unit. The second mica tape includes a second base layer and a second mica layer coated on the second base layer. In the second tape forming step, the second mica tape is rolled to bring the second mica layer into contact with the resin layer. The resin layer is made of a material having a lower melting point than the insulation layer to be melted and joined in the insulation layer forming step.
Patent KR-20170015039-A (KR)
Title: Terminal apparatus, audio system and method for controlling sound volume of external speaker thereof
Inventor: SO YONG JIN
IPC: H04R5/02
Filed: 2015-09-03
Abstract: A terminal apparatus is disclosed. The terminal apparatus comprises: a touch screen configured to display a plurality of first user interface (UI) elements for adjusting respective sound volumes of a plurality of speaker apparatuses and a plurality of second UI elements for receiving a selection of a speaker apparatus of the plurality of speaker apparatuses, to group the plurality of speaker apparatuses through the second UI elements, and to receive sound volume adjusting through a first UI element corresponding to any one of the plurality of speaker apparatuses which have been grouped; and a controller configured to change all the first UI elements of the grouped speaker apparatuses in response to the sound volume adjusting.
Patent KR-20170028114-A (KR)
Title: Transmission line monitoring apparatus using unmanned aerial vehicles
Inventor: LEE WON KYO
IPC: G01R31/08
Filed: 2015-09-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmission line monitoring apparatus using an unmanned aerial vehicle which comprises: a monitoring plan generation unit for generating a monitoring path on each monitoring target on a transmission line, and establishing a monitoring information collecting plan on each monitoring target; and a monitoring information acquisition unit for acquiring monitoring information on each monitoring target while flying an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the monitoring path and the monitoring information collecting plan generated by the monitoring plan generation unit. The transmission line monitoring apparatus monitors whether a failure or a defect exists in the transmission line at a remote place by using the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Patent KR-20170029129-A (KR)
Title: Small size mobile goods holder
Inventor: LEE KWANG JO
IPC: H04M1/04
Filed: 2015-09-07
Abstract: Provided is a small portable article holder. The small portable article holder is made of an adhesive material to be able to be attached on surfaces of various materials, and transforms the shape of a supporter installed inside to stably hold small portable articles in various sizes and shapes. The small portable article holder according to the present invention comprises: at least one supporter; and an antiskid member covering the supporter. The supporter transforms or maintains the shape of the antiskid member, and the antiskid member has adhesion to fix the supporter.
Patent KR-20170030192-A (KR)
Title: 영어 교육 장치 및 그 방법
Inventor: PARK SUNG YONG
IPC: G09B19/06
Filed: 2015-09-09
Abstract: 본 기술은 영어 교육 장치 및 방법이 개시된다. 본 발명의 구체적인 예에 따르면, 상형 문자를 이용한 연상 도구와, 그리스 로마 신의 이름, 그림(grimm)의 법칙, 숫자, 신체, 로마어의 요일, 발음, 및 의성어를 이용한 연상 도구 중 적어도 하나의 연상 도구를 이용하여 알파벳과 영어 음절 및 음소의 의미로부터 연상되는 자국어를 각 알파벳 및 영어 음절 및 음소에 대응하여 자국어 사전에 등록하고, 등록된 자국어의 유사어 및 반의어를 해당 알파벳 및 영어 단어와 매칭하여 자국어 사전에 업데이트하며, 입력된 질의 영어 단어에 포함된 알파벳, 음절, 및 음소 별 자국어를 자국어 사전에서 독출하고 독출된 자국어를 기 정해진 규칙성에 따라 결합한 후 결합된 자국어를 토대로 입력된 질의 영어 단어에 대한 자국단어를 추론 및 표시함에 따라, 기존의 반복 학습에 의한 단순 암시(기)법의 영어 습득 보다 영어 단어 습득에 대한 효율성을 극대화할 수 있고 짧은 시간 내에 탁월한 학습 효과를 얻을 수 있으며 영어 습득에 따른 흥미를 유발할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20170031932-A (KR)
Title: 네트패턴을 갖는 메쉬형 전극배선 및 이를 포함하는 led 투명전광판
Inventor: KIM SUN IK
IPC: G09F9/00
Filed: 2015-09-14
Abstract: 본 발명에 따른 메쉬형 전극배선의 네트패턴(100)은 서로 나란하게 배치되는 복수개의 제1메쉬선(100), 제1메쉬선(100)에 경사지면서 제1메쉬선(110)과 교차되도록 복수개가 서로 나란하게 배치되는 제2메쉬선(120), 및 제2메쉬선(120)과 반대방향으로 제1메쉬선(110)에 경사지면서 제2메쉬선(120)과 제1메쉬선(110)이 만나는 점을 지나도록 복수개가 서로 나란하게 배치되는 제3메쉬선(130)을 포함하여 이루어진다. 제2메쉬선(120)은 제1메쉬선(110)에 60°경사지고, 제3메쉬선(130)은 제2메쉬선(120)과 반대방향으로 제1메쉬선(110)에 60°경사지게 배치되는 것이 바람직하다. 메쉬형 전극배선은 네트패턴(100)에 전기적으로 접속되는 면 형태의 도전성 랜드(300)를 더 포함하여 이루어질 수 있는데, 이 경우 도전성 랜드(300)와 네트패턴(100)이 포토리소그래프 공정을 통하여 동일한 도전성 재질로 동일평면 상에 함께 형성되는 것이 바람직하다.
Patent KR-20170035411-A (KR)
Inventor: JEONG SEONG YEONG
IPC: H04N5/232
Filed: 2015-09-22
Abstract: Disclosed is an image capturing device. According to the present invention, provided is the image capturing device comprising: a pixel array which comprises a plurality of pixels disposed in a matrix form, and in which each of the pixels comprises a pair of photoelectric conversion elements disposed in parallel; an analog-digital conversion circuit which converts a pair of pixel signals corresponding to electric charges, stored in a pair of the photoelectric conversion elements included in each of the pixels, into a pair of digital signals; and a false color removal circuit which detects a pixel comprising a photoelectric conversion element configured to receive a pair of the digital signals output by each of the pixels and to output a saturation current, and which outputs a correction signal by correcting a digital signal corresponding to the photoelectric conversion element configured to output the saturation current included in the detected pixel.
Patent KR-20170035468-A (KR)
Inventor: YOO BYUNG GIL
IPC: C21D8/04
Filed: 2015-09-23
Abstract: According to the present invention, a manufacturing method for molded articles is disclosed. The manufacturing method for molded articles comprises the following steps of: preparing a first steel material and a second steel material; manufacturing a binding steel material by binding the first steel material and the second steel material; heating the binding steel material at 910-950C; manufacturing intermediate molded articles by hot press forming the heated binding steel material; and cooling the intermediate molded articles. Moreover, tensile strength (TS) of the first steel material is higher than that of the second steel material.
Patent KR-20160100198-A (KR)
Inventor: JEONG HONG SIL
IPC: H03M13/00
Filed: 2015-09-27
Abstract: A transmitter is disclosed. The transmitter comprises: a low density parity check (LDPC) encoder which encodes input bits including outer encoded bits to generate parity bits; a puncturer which punctures a part of the parity bits; and an additional parity generator which selects at least a part of the parity bits to generate additional parity bits transmitted from a previous frame, wherein the number of the additional parity bits is determined based on the number of the outer encoded bits transmitted from a current frame and the number of the parity bits left after the puncturing.