Patent GB-719982-A (GB)
Title: Thickened oleaginous compositions and process for preparing the same
IPC: C10M169/00
Filed: 1952-09-25
Abstract: A thickened oleaginous composition comprises a liquid oleaginous material, an inorganic gelling agent in a proportion sufficient to thicken the oleaginous material, a minor proportion of a surface-active agent and a minor proportion of water, hydrogen sulphide or a water-soluble organic compound having not more than 6 carbon atoms and having an electric moment between 1.2 and 2.8 X 10-18.  The oleaginous material may be a mineral oil, castor oil or lard oil; a synthetic lubricating oil obtained by the Fischer-Tropsch, Synthol, Synthine, Bergius. Voltolisation and related process; an organic ester lubricating oil; a polymer or copolymer of alkylene glycols; a copolymer of epoxides; a sulphur-containing polymer or copolymer; a polymer obtained from an oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound; an organic silicon containing polymer; or a halogenated aromatic compound.  The surface-active agent may be cationic, such as aliphatic amines; aliphatic hydroxy amines; partial amides of polyhydroxyalkylene polyamines, such as the partial amides of condensation products of epichlorhydrin and ammonia; partial amides of polyalkylene polyamines; triphenyl lauryl phosphonium bromide, didodecyl ethyl sulphonium bromide, decyl triphenyl arsonium chloride, decyl triphenyl stibonium iodide, dodecylamine acetate, dimethyl dicetyl ammonium bromide and their homologues and analogues.  Anionic surface active agents which may be used include fatty acids, fatty acid mixtures from tall oil or animal or vegetable oil acids; hydroxy fatty acids; alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted aliphatic dicarboxylic acids; oleophilic high molecular weight sulphonic acids; alicyclic non-aromatic dicarboxy acids; monohydrocarbyl phosphinic acids, dihydrocarbyl phosphinic acids and hydrocarbyl phosphonic acids. Salts of the above free acids may also be used, also partial esters if the acids are polybasic; salts of amines, polyamines, hydroxy amines or hydroxy polyamines with fatty acids, sulphonic acids, dicarboxylic acids or phosphonic acids are suitable; as are polyvalent metal soaps of fatty acids.  The inorganic gelling agents may be gel-forming oxides, hydroxides, sulphides, sulphates, carbonates and phosphates; such as silica, alumina, magnesia, lime, copper sulphide, calcium sulphate and manganese phosphate, singly or together.  Clays such as montmorillonites, bentonites, Hectorite, saponite, Attapulgite, zeolites and Fuller's earths, may be converted to suitable gelling agents by ion-exchange with cationic surface-active agents, such as onium salts, or by adsorption of surface active agents.  The gelling agent may be in an amount of 1 to 20 per cent. by weight, preferably 3 to 15 per cent. based on the whole composition.  The composition may contain 25 to 100 per cent. preferably 35 to 65 per cent. of the surface active agent, based on the weight of the gelling agent.  A grease consisting of oleaginous material, gelling agent and surface-active agent is formed, dehydrated, and water, hydrogen sulphide or a water-soluble organic compound having not more than 6 carbon atoms and having an electric moment between 1.2 and 2.8 X 10-18, added in an amount of 1 to 60 per cent., preferably 2 to 25 per cent., based on the weight of the gelling agent.  The water-soluble organic compound may be a glycol, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-trimethlyene glycol and sorbitol; an amine, such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, n-butylamine and triethylene tetramine; an ester, such as ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate; a carboxylic acid, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and hydroxy derivatives thereof, such as lactic acid; an alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, the propanols and butanols. Amines bearing hydroxy substituents, such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine and n-butanolamine may be used. Other compounds which may be used are pentaerythritol, beta-propio-lactone, polytrimethylene glycol, glycerine, diethylene triamine and formic acid.  The composition may contain a mixture of water or hydrogen sulphide with the water-soluble organic compounds.  Mixtures of gelling agents and mixtures of surface active agents, may also be used.  Specification 694,412 is referred to.