Patent GB-501436-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to yarns, threads and cords, and to textile fabrics made therefrom or incorporating them
IPC: D02G3/40
Filed: 1937-05-24
Abstract: 501,436. Yarns etc.; treating textiles. WALLACH, R. May 24, 1937, No. 14404. [Class 120 (iii)] [Also in Group IV] Yarns, threads and cords, and textile fabrics made therefrom or incorporating them; are made by mixing together, before spinning, non-adhesive textile fibres or filaments and a minor proportion of at least one type of potentially - adhesive fibres of filaments, spinning the mixture of fibres or filaments into a single yarn, activating the potentially - adhesive fibres or filaments to render them adhesive and squeezing the fibres or filaments of the yarn together while they are in an adhesive condition to cause them to adhere to each other at their points of contact; the non- adhesive fibres are preferably mixed with 10 per cent or less of the potentially-adhesive fibres and the activated yarn &c. is appropriately treated to deactivate the adhesive resulting from the activating treatment. The activation, squeezing and deactivating treatments may be carried out during the fabrication or finishing of the yarn &c., or after the fabrication and during a textile finishing operation and such treatment may be combined with an external sizing operation ; the sizing composition may include fillers, pigments, dyes, textile assistants, or effect materials; during activation the yarn &c. may be treated with a sizing composition which may be such as to activate the potentially-adhesive fibres. At least une of the types of fibres in the mixture 'may carry a latent activating agent which is subjected to treatment to cause the agent to render at least one of the potentiallyadhesive types of fibres adhesive. The mixed fibres may comprise at least two dissimilar types of natural fibres, at least two different types of artificial fibres or of a mixture of natural and artificial fibres, and the potentiallyadhesive fibres may be of synthetic resin or natural or synthetic rubber. The mixing may be carried out before and/or during carding, combing, or drafting or slivers of the different types may be combined by drafting. The potentially-adhesive fibres may be rendered adhesive by means of aqueous solutions and may consist of a cellulose ether capable of being rendered adhesive by aqueous alkali solutions, or may be natural or synthetic fibres which are rendered potentially-adhesive by treatment before mixing. The activation may be in predetermined areas when applied to a fabric and may comprise two or more treatments either in sequence or separated by other treatments and textile operations. The potentially-adhesive fibres may be rendered tacky by a solvent or swelling agent or mixtures thereof, or they may be converted by chemical agents into an adhesive condition, or, when thermoplastic, they may be activated by heat and /or irradiation. The yarns, threads or cords may be squeezed by twisting with or without the application of additional pressure and/or tension and the textile may be pressed during and/or after activation or deactivation and /or during a calendering, embossing, printing, drying or other operation involving the use of rollers ; a part or the whole of the surface may also be embossed, calendered, moulded or otherwise shaped so as to deform the surface while the adhesive fibres are still tacky, the deactivation, setting them to produce grain, lustre, smoothness or designs. The single yarn is preferably activated, squeezed and deactivated before plying or doubling. The textiles may be coloured before, during; or after activation, squeezing and /or deactivation and the activating or deactivating agent may be added to a printing ink. The activating agent may have potentially-adhesive fibres dissolved therein and the activating and/or deactivating agents when liquid may contain dissolved or dispersed therein a quantity of material similar or identical in composition with the potentially-adhesive fibres. In examples : (1) wool fibres mixed with 6 per cent of a resin staple fibre is spun into a singles yarn which is made into a cloth and treated with a solvent of the resin, the cloth being then passed through pressure rollers and the solvent evaporated; (2) a singles yarn is made from a mixture of 85 per cent glass, asbestos or other mineral fibre or mixture thereof and 15 per cent of viscose or other cellulose;staple fibre and treated with a 1 per cent sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, the excess being pressed out and the yarn treated with 10 per cent ethylene dioxide (on the weight of the viscose fibre) in a closed vessel for 24 hours at room temperature and preferably under a pressure of 15 lb. per square inch ; the viscose fibres are thus converted to an alkali-soluble oxy-ether of cellulose and are rendered adhesive by a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide at 4 C. and after squeezing the alkali is neutralixed and the adhesive deactivated with 4 per cent-sulphuric acid-; (3) a singles yarn is made from a mixture of 98-70 per cent of cotton fibres and 2-30 per cent of alkalisoluble cellulose ether staple fibre and the yarn or cloth, laces, cords, belting incorporating it is treated with caustic soda,' e.g. an 8 per cent solution at 0 C., so that the cellulose ether fibres are rendered adhesive; the yarn is squeezed and maintained under pressure and/or tension while the caustic soda is removed by neutralization and /or washing; (4) a singles yarn formed from a mixture of 90 per cent jute and 10 per cent unvulcanized rubber fibres is treated with, e.g. toluene and /or heat to render the rubber tacky, squeezed and vulcanized to render the rubber non-tacky ; (5) a sewing thread is formed by doubling and twisting two or more singles yams formed from a mixture of 96 per cent cotton and 4 per cent alkali-soluble cellulose ether fibres, the singles yarn being treated with dilute alkali at a low temperature to render the cellulose ether fibres adhesive and given a slight additional twist or passed through a constricted orifice to squeeze it, the cellulose ether fibres being deactivated by a bath of 6 per cent sulphuric acid; (6) a singles yarn made from a mixture of 94 per cent viscose or cellulose derivative staple fibre and 6 per cent thermoplastic resin staple fibre, (e.g. a polymerized vinyl resin) is formed into a fabric which is passed into a bath of water at 95 C. to activate the resin fibres, the fabric being then squeezed and dried. Specifications 249,946, 302,361, [both in Class 142 (iv)], 328,312, [Class 120 (iii)], 371,428, 378,054, 417,332, 443,289, 453,320, and 465,661 are referred to.