baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2004177635-A (JP)
Title: Sentence read-aloud device, and program and recording medium for the device
Inventor: KOMATSU SHIGEAKI
IPC: G10L13/08
Filed: 2002-11-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminates the need for a user to start or stop a read by a sentence read-aloud device according to change contents of read-aloud conditions each time the read-aloud conditions are changed.  <P>SOLUTION: A CPU 10 of the sentence read-aloud device is equipped internally with a read-aloud start control part 16 and a read-aloud stop control part 17; when the read-aloud conditions of sound volume, a read-aloud speed, etc., are changed, inputted change information is divided into change processing to be performed in a sentence read-aloud processing like sound volume and change processing in a sentence read-aloud stop state like the speed. Then read-aloud start or stop control is performed according to the change information on the respective cases and read-aloud processing is controlled under the changed sentence read-aloud conditions.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Patent JP-2003229417-A (JP)
Title: Vacuum processing apparatus and method of controlling the same
Inventor: KITAZAWA TAKASHI
IPC: H01L21/3065
Filed: 2002-11-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vacuum processing apparatus in which invasion of dust into a process chamber is prevented and the size of an automatic pressure regulator is made small.  <P>SOLUTION: A plasma etching apparatus 1 comprises a process chamber 2 and an evacuation system P which is connected to the process chamber 2. The evacuation system P comprises an isolation valve 12 which is connected to the bottom of the process chamber 2 via an evacuation pipe 3, a main vacuum pump 5 such as a turbo-molecular pump connected to the isolation valve 12 an automatic pressure regulator 4 which is connected to the main vacuum pump 5 via a pipe 13, an auxiliary vacuum pump 7 which is connected to the automatic pressure regulator 4 via a pipe 14, and a purge-gas supply unit 19 which supplies inert gas or the like with a controlled flow rate or pressure to the pipe 14 via a purge line 18. The automatic pressure regulator 4 is arranged in the exhaust outlet of the main vacuum pump 5.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2004180723-A (JP)
Title: Slot machine
Inventor: FUKAYA AKIHIRO
IPC: A63F5/04
Filed: 2002-11-29
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slot machine capable of reducing the processing burdens of a CPU of a main control board in the slot machine using the main control board and a sub control board.  <P>SOLUTION: The slot machine is provided with the main control board having a random-number-for-game generation means, an event instruction preparation means, an event instruction delay means and an event instruction transmission means, and the sub control board. Then, the event instruction preparation means extracts a random number for deciding the delay time of the execution of an event instruction at the time of preparing the event instruction and pairs it with the event instruction, and the event instruction delay means delays the event instruction for the time proportional to a random number value for delay control paired with the event instruction and outputs it to the event instruction transmission means. Also, the event instruction means transmits the delayed event instruction to the sub control board.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004186278-A (JP)
Title: Light emitting device and method therefor
Inventor: YOSHIMURA NAOKI
IPC: C09K11/64
Filed: 2002-11-29
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light emitting device which can emit red light more conspicuously than that of the ordinary white LED (color rendering of red can be enhanced).  <P>SOLUTION: A light emitting element 10 is mounted to a cup 33 provided to a lead frame 30 using a bonding agent 20. Wires 40, 41 connected to the lead frames 30, 31 are bonded to the p-electrode and n-electrode of this light emitting element 10. Moreover, the cup 33 is filled with the epoxy resin 35 in which a fluorescent material 36 is uniformly dispersed. This light emitting element 10, a part of the lead frames 30, 31, and wires 40, 41 are sealed with a sealing resin 50 consisting of the epoxy resin. This LED1 is provided with the light emitting element 10 in which the wavelength of emitted light is in the range of 360 nm to 550 nm, an oxygen nitride formed by activating the rare earth element, and a fluorescent material 36 based on the lanthanum silicon nitride obtained by activating the cerium ion. The light of light emitting element 10 is partly converted in the wavelength with the fluorescent material 36 and is then released.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2003226650-A (JP)
Title: Medicinal composition
Inventor: SHINOHARA TATSUO
IPC: A61P1/04
Filed: 2002-12-02
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medicinal composition having excellent activities for preventing and treating hangover, especially a composition for gastroenteropathy, a composition for preventing and treating the hangover, a composition for promoting ingestion of alcohol, and a composition for inhibiting decrease of a blood glucose level caused by the alcohol ingestion.  <P>SOLUTION: This medicinal composition contains a Scutellaria root or an extract thereof, cork tree bark or an extract thereof, Coptis Rhizome or an extract thereof, turmeric or an extract thereof and ginger or an extract thereof.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003213375-A (JP)
Title: Lead frame
Inventor: TEJIMA KOICHI
IPC: C22C38/00
Filed: 2002-12-02
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lead frame which does not embrittle by hydrogen when subjected to etching and a always has a high reliable function.  <P>SOLUTION: The lead frame consists of an alloy containing, by mass, 30 to 48% Ni, 0.005 to 1% of at least one kind selected from Nb Mo, V, W, Ti, Zr, Cr and B, 0.003 to 0.02% carbon, ≤50 ppm oxygen, and ≤10 ppm hydrogen, and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities. A part of at least one kind selected from Nb, Mo, V, W, Ti, Zr, Cr and B is made into carbide, or the contained concentration thereof in the surface side is increased.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2004190267-A (JP)
Title: Execution jig for non-welding joint for steel pipe pile
Inventor: NAGATA MAKOTO
IPC: E02D5/24
Filed: 2002-12-09
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an execution jig, by which large revolving torque is ensured surely within a small working range by small revolving torque and rotating connecting works are conducted in a steel pipe pile mutually connecting pile end sections by a rotary engaging means.  <P>SOLUTION: In the execution jig using the steel pipe piles with non-welding joints in which the pile end sections are connected mutually by rotary engaging means, the building jig is mounted and demounted freely to and from one lower steel pipe pile 4, and composed of a supporting-point shaft mounting member 7, in which a supporting-point shaft parallel with a pile shaft is mounted outside the steel pipe pile, and a lever member 1 freely rotated to the supporting-point shaft and detachably installed, and a reaction receiving section (a key fitting groove 11), with which the lever member 1 can be engaged, is formed to the other upper steel-pipe pile 3.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004189642-A (JP)
Title: Agrochemical preparation composition with improved resistance to rain
Inventor: KUROTSU YUICHI
IPC: A01N25/30
Filed: 2002-12-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agrochemical preparation composition keeping its active ingredient from running off plant stems/leaves surface even under rainfall or water sprinkling when applied onto the plant stems/leaves.  <P>SOLUTION: The agrochemical preparation composition with improved resistance to rain comprises an agrochemical active ingredient, an alkyl-modified silicone oil represented by formula(1)( wherein, x is 0 or an integer of 1-20; y is an integer of 1-10; and R is a 6-18C alkyl ), a surfactant and a filler.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004189889-A (JP)
Title: Dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization of vinyl compound
Inventor: KATO MASAMI
IPC: C09K23/38
Filed: 2002-12-11
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dispersion stabilizer which is used in suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound, stabilizes the suspension polymerization by its addition in a small amount, and can produce vinyl polymer particles having high plasticizer absorption and monomer elimination, a sharp particle size distribution, and reduced discoloration by the suspension polymerization of the vinyl compound.  <P>SOLUTION: The dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound is composed of a vinyl alcohol polymer having an absorbance (a) at a wavelength of 280 nm in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of a 0.1 wt.% aqueous solution of ≥0.1, an absorbance (b) at a wavelength of 320 nm in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the same aqueous solution of ≥0.07, a ratio (b)/(a) of the absorbance (b) to the absorbance (a) of ≥0.7, a YI of a 1 wt.% aqueous solution of ≤40, a transmittance at a wavelength of 500 nm in a 0.1 wt.% aqueous solution at 30°C of ≥80%, a block character of the remaining acetic acid group of ≥0.35, and a ratio (b)/(a) of the absorbance (b) to the absorbance (a) of ≥0.7, and a ratio Mw/Mn of the weight average molecular weight Mw to the number average molecular weight Mn of 2.1-4.9.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004196595-A (JP)
Title: Heat-resistant diamond compound sintered compact and method for manufacturing the same
Inventor: AKAISHI MINORU
IPC: C04B35/645
Filed: 2002-12-18
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat-resistant diamond compound sintered compact required particularly for speeding up of cutting of an oil bit for oil drilling and automobile special parts, and to provide a method for manufacturing the same.  <P>SOLUTION: The heat-resistant diamond compound sintered compact comprises a sintered compact of superfine particulate synthetic diamond powder having an average particle diameter of ≤200 nm sintered without a sintering aid. It is a compound sintered compact consisting of diamond crystals and a very small amount of generated non-diamond carbon, and has a Vickers hardness of ≥85 GPa. The heat-resistant diamond compound sintered compact is manufactured by sealing synthetic diamond powder having an average particle diameter of ≤200 nm in a tantalum or molybdenum capsule, and heating and pressurizing the capsule with an ultrahigh pressure synthesizer at a temperature of ≥2,100°C and a pressure of ≥7.7 GPa which are required conditions of thermodynamic stability of diamond.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004202590-A (JP)
Title: Workpiece carrying apparatus
Inventor: SATO TAKESHI
IPC: B23P19/00
Filed: 2002-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform carrying of a workpiece at a short cycle time using a carrying apparatus having a simple mechanism.  <P>SOLUTION: The workpiece carrying apparatus comprises: a workpiece arranging table 10 having a workpiece arranging surface 11, on which a workpiece W1 to be carried is arranged; a workpiece receiving table 20 having a workpiece receiving surface 21 for receiving the carried workpiece; a chuck 6 for holding the workpiece located on the workpiece arranging surface 11 and for releasing the workpiece at the workpiece receiving stand; and horizontal chuck moving apparatuses 1, 2 for moving the chuck in the horizontal direction.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004206917-A (JP)
Title: Gas-liquid separation tank for fuel cell
Inventor: ONISHI FUMITOMO
IPC: H01M8/04
Filed: 2002-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas-liquid separation tank capable of always providing liquid fuel to a fuel cell and capable of emitting gas provided to the gas-liquid separation tank from a fuel cell without causing liquid leakage however much its posture changes.  <P>SOLUTION: This gas-liquid separation tank for fuel cells is provided with a liquid fuel storage chamber, a gas-liquid separating membrane in which a ventilation film and a nonwoven fabric are laminated and which discharges the gas introduced into the liquid fuel storage chamber out of the liquid fuel storage chamber, a liquid fuel supply tube attached so that one end opening part is located in the center of gravity of the liquid fuel storage chamber and providing the liquid fuel to the fuel cell, a liquid-fuel inlet injecting the liquid fuel into the liquid fuel storage chamber, a liquid inlet hole introducing the water generated in the fuel cell into the liquid fuel storage chamber, and a gas inlet introducing the gas generated in the fuel cell into the liquid fuel storage chamber.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004204738-A (JP)
Title: Fluid machine
Inventor: FUJIWARA HISAYOSHI
IPC: F04C18/344
Filed: 2002-12-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fluid machine which is simple in structure and capable of effecting smooth revolution of a roller without fall down of a rotation preventing mechanism and reducing the generation of vibration.  <P>SOLUTION: The rotation preventing mechanism for a fluid machine is provided with a bearing mounting hole 61b formed in a roller 32 and having a central axis parallel to a crank shaft 5 for drive; a rolling bearing 62 contained in the bearing mounting hole 61b; and a crank shaft 61 for rotation prevention supported at a crank part 61a by the rolling bearing 62 and extending through the bearing mounting hole 61b in a manner to run parallel to the crank shaft 5 for drive. The crank shaft 61 for rotation prevention has the same eccentricity as that of the crank shaft 5 for drive and is rotatably supported at two bearings 35 and 36, situated at a helical mechanism part 3, through rolling bearings 63 and 64.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004201556-A (JP)
Title: Method and device for retaining freshness of fish for small fishing boat
Inventor: ONO KIYOSHI
IPC: A23B4/06
Filed: 2002-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive device for retaining freshness of fish for a small fishing boat requiring not so larger installation space, having a simple structure, easy to drive, and excellent in ability to retain freshness of fish.  <P>SOLUTION: The device for retaining freshness of fish for a small fishing boat has the following structure: a titanium coil heat exchanger 2 is provided in a cold insulation case 1 for storing crushed ice water; a shower unit 5 is provided at an upper part of the inside of a cold insulation storage 3 for the fish; draining board shelves 6, 7 are provided at the lower part of the storage; a cooling water circulation pump 10 is set at the bottom of the storage; and a circulation pipe passage 13 is provided so as to make cooling water for sea water drawn up by the pump 10 flow back into the heat exchanger 2 in the cold insulation storage 1, and to supply again the cooling water for sea water subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger 2 into the shower unit 5 in the cold insulation storage 3.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2003319135-A (JP)
Title: Scanning circuit and image sensor
Inventor: YOKOMICHI MASAHIRO
IPC: H04N5/378
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a scanning circuit capable of selecting a system among a plurality of kinds of system with different scanning sequences.  <P>SOLUTION: The scanning circuit has path switches connected between a plurality of data flip-flop circuits of the scanning circuit for sequentially reading an output signal synchronously with a clock. A plurality of control signal lines select the path switches to establish the scanning circuit for sequentially reading all of a plurality of the data flip-flop circuits in an ordinary state and to arbitrarily skip reading of the flip-flop circuits that not require the scanning circuit and always fix a potential of the skipped data flip-flop circuit when the scanning circuit selects a coarse scanning system.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Patent JP-2004204327-A (JP)
Title: Method of producing continuous hot dip metal-coated steel sheet
Inventor: MORIKAWA YASUTAKA
IPC: C23C2/00
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the flowing-down of molten metal from a hot dip metal bath for a long time on a level in which operational problems are not caused at the time when a hot dip metal-coated steel sheet is produced by an air pot system.  <P>SOLUTION: At the time when a steel sheet is passed from the opening part of the bottom part of a hot dip metal bath so as to go from the lower part to the upper part, and is subjected to hot dip plating in an air pot system, the lower side of the hot dip metal bath is provided with a hot dip metal receiving tank, and further, the upper direction of the opening part of the hot dip metal receiving tank is provided with a slit nozzle preventing the flowing-down of hot dip metal from the opening part of the hot dip metal receiving tank. The angle of gas jetting in the slit nozzle is controlled to the range of 40 to 80 degrees upwardly in a horizontal direction, and the jetting pressure of a gas satisfies P>ρgh+1/2ρä(Q/A)<SP>2</SP>-V<SP>2</SP>}: ρ is the density of the molten metal; g is graviational acceleration; h is the distance from the position at which a jet from the slit nozzle collides against the steel sheet to the liquid face of the hot dip metal bath; Q is the flow rate of the hot dip metal fed to the hot dip metal bath; A is the area of the opening part at the bottom part of the hot dip metal bath; and V is a line velocity.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004205458-A (JP)
Title: Photoelectric encoder
Inventor: YAKU TORU
IPC: G01D5/36
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photoelectric encoder which corrects an offset of an operational amplifier without an error.  <P>SOLUTION: When measuring the offset voltages of amplifiers Ga1, Ga2, Gb1, Gb2 and adders Ga3 and Gb3, transmission gates TG1 to TG4 are turned off to separate the amplifiers and the adders from photodiodes D1 to D8, while transistors NT1 to NT4 are turned on to make the circuit including the photodiodes D1 to D8 into a closed circuit. Consequently, during offset voltage measurement, even when an electric current is generated caused by some sort of light being incident on the photodiodes D1 to D8 from outside, the electric current runs through the closed circuit.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004132348-A (JP)
Title: Blade having air filtering function and device equipped therewith
Inventor: KIM MYON SU
IPC: F04D29/70
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce working labor for cleaning a blade and purify air.  <P>SOLUTION: The blade 12 comprises a blade frame 13 defining an outer frame thereof and an air filtering part 20 detachably arranged inside the blade frame 13 and defining a blade face. The air filtering part 20 has a filter frame 21, a meshed sheet 24 and a filter 25. The filter 25 has a photocatalyst added to a non-woven cloth formed of activated carbon fibers. To provide for easy attachment of the air filtering part 20 to the blade frame 13, a hold-in part 14 is formed on the blade frame 13 and a fit-in part 22 is formed on the filter frame 21 of the air filtering part 20.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Patent JP-2004213707-A (JP)
Title: Exposure device for optical disk master disk
Inventor: MIZUTA OSAMU
IPC: G11B7/26
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exposure device for an optical disk master disk, by which a resist plate is accurately and easily fixed on a turntable.  <P>SOLUTION: This exposure device for the optical disk master disk is constituted so that the resist plate 13 mounted on the turntable 8 arranged in a vacuum chamber 11 is irradiated with electron beams to expose the resist plate 13, and the resist plate 13 held with a chucking table 17 and a table retainer 18 is fixed on the turntable 8, and the resist plate 13 is rotated together with the turntable 8.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004213110-A (JP)
Title: Network management device, network management program and recording medium
Inventor: TAKEMOTO IKUMA
IPC: H04L12/24
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a network management device allowing lump-sum setting of set items such as various protocols to a plurality of devices by one operation.  <P>SOLUTION: Network device information accessable by SNMP/MIB is enumerated by an equipment enumeration part 101, and is stored in an equipment information storage part 103. Next, a Netware protocol effective/noneffective Object presence confirmation part 102 confirms, to a network device of the acquired network device information, whether an Object ID is present or not. Next, a set value inputted from a set value input part 104 is set to the network device information set with 'The Object ID is present' in the equipment information storage part 103. Next, a Netware protocol effective/noneffective Object ID setting part 105 transmits the set value inputted and set from the set value input part 104 to the network device holding the corresponding Object ID, and the transmitted set value is set to the network device.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2003337379-A (JP)
Title: Rear projector
Inventor: YAMADA HARUYOSHI
IPC: G03B21/14
Filed: 2002-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rear projector capable of easily adjusting a picture display position on a screen and optimizing the variance of projection on the screen of a picture contour caused by component tolerance by the adjustment of the display position.  <P>SOLUTION: A supporting member 200 is equipped with a right-and-left position adjusting member 202 functioning as a plane position adjusting mechanism oppositely arranged and attached on the supporting plate of an inside unit, an inclination adjusting member 203 functioning as an inclined position adjusting mechanism provided perpendicularly from the member 202, and a rotating position adjusting member 204 functioning as a rotating position adjusting mechanism attached in a downward slope state to the rear side on the member 203.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Patent JP-2004209751-A (JP)
Title: Heating resistor thin film, inkjet head using the same, inkjet device, and method of manufacturing the same
Inventor: SUZUKI HIROYUKI
IPC: B41J2/16
Filed: 2002-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heating resistor having a high durability and a high resistance value which is preferable to a structure of an electrothermal transducer for an inkjet head or an inkjet device.  <P>SOLUTION: A heating resistor thin film having a composition, in atomic percent, of 15-30 percent Cr, 40-60 percent Si, 1-10 percent O, and 10-50 percent N; and total of one hundred percent of the above substances is used as a heating resistor.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2004503050-A (JP)
Title: 多重レベルメモリアクセス方法
IPC: G11C7/00
Filed: 2001-06-21
Abstract: 多重レベル記憶データ入出力信号を提供し、メモリ制御用素子とメモリ素子の間の記憶データ転送速度を高め、記憶セルアレイのデータ幅の利用を高める方法および装置に関する。
Patent JP-2004504418-A (JP)
Title: フッ素系接着性樹脂組成物
IPC: C08J3/02
Filed: 2001-07-11
Abstract: 【課題】フッ素系樹脂が本来有する耐溶剤性や機械的・熱的性質を損なわずに、しかも、簡便な方法で極性基を導入したフッ素系接着性樹脂組成物を提供し、さらに該組成物を電池用電極の結着剤に用いることにより電極活性物質と集電体との接着性を向上させた電極構造体を提供する。 【解決手段】少なくともフッ素系樹脂（Ａ）に、部分脱弗化水素反応および酸化反応による化学変性フッ素系樹脂（Ｂ’）を（Ａ／Ｂ’）が重量比で３０／７０〜９９／１となるように混合する。
Patent JP-2004505089-A (JP)
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 2001-07-20
Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of compounds with the following formula where the groups are as defined below; in particular, R<SUB>1 </SUB>is a substituted amine; said process includes essentially the reaction of pyrrolobenzothiazepin-9-one with amine R<SUB>1</SUB>H to give the corresponding enamine, which is subsequently transformed into the final compound
Patent JP-2004504831-A (JP)
Title: Ｃ３ｂ／ｃ４ｂ補体レセプター様分子およびその使用
IPC: A61P15/06
Filed: 2001-07-24
Abstract: 本発明は、新規なＣ３ｂ／Ｃ４ｂ　ＣＲ様ポリペプチドおよびこれをコードする核酸分子に関する。本発明はまた、Ｃ３ｂ／Ｃ４ｂ　ＣＲ（補体レセプター）様ポリペプチドを産生するための、ベクター、宿主細胞、および選択的結合因子を提供する。本発明はまた、Ｃ３ｂ／Ｃ４ｂ　ＣＲ（補体レセプター）様ポリペプチドを産生するための方法を提供する。Ｃ３ｂ／Ｃ４ｂ　ＣＲ（補体レセプター）様ポリペプチドと関連する疾患の、処置、診断、緩和、または予防のための方法もまた提供される。