Patent GB-414772-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of substances suitable as wetting, washing, dispersing and like agents
Filed: 1932-11-05
Abstract: Products stated to be useful as dispersing agents are obtained by causing monomeric aliphatic aldehydes containing at least seven carbon atoms to react with hydroxy groups of alcohols containing at least three hydroxy groups or besides one hydroxy group at least one halogen atom, mineral acid ester group or amino group and converting the resulting condensation products into water soluble form by reacting any hydroxy group present with sulphuric or phosphoric acid, any halogen or mineral acid ester group with a sulphite, any hydroxy group or amino group with a free hydrogen atom with alkylene oxide or when an amino group is present converting the product into an ammonium salt or a quaternary ammonium salt.  In a modification, by employing alcohols containing hydroxyalkylpolyether, sulphonic, sulphuric, phosphoric, ammonium or quaternary ammonium groups the solubilising step is avoided.  Examples of such alcohols are dihydroxypropanesulphonic acid and trimethyldihydroxy propane ammonium chloride.  In examples: (1) glycerine is condensed with lauric aldehyde to give an acetal and the product treated with chlorsulphonic or phosphoric acid or ethylene oxide.  (2) the glycerine acetal of oleic aldehyde is treated with chlorsulphonic acid.  (3) an acetal is formed from ethylenechlorhydrin and lauric aldehyde and the product treated with sodium sulphite in the presence of alcohol.  Stearic, ricinoleic, caprylic, caprinic, myristic, palmitic, 2-ethyleapronic, undecylenic and nonylic aldehydes are specified.  Mixtures of aldehydes corresponding with mixtures of naturally occurring fatty acids may also be used.  Coconut, soya bean, rape seed, cotton seed, train oil and montanic acids are mentioned.  Sorbitol and other hexitols are given as examples of polyhydric alcohols which may be used. According to the Provisional Specification similar products are obtained by using the higher ketones in place of the aldehydes. Specifications 343,901, 348,040, 360,539; 364,000, [Group IV]; 375,770, 377,678, 377,695, 380,431, and 414,712 are referred to.ALSO:Products stated to be useful as wetting, washing, foaming and dispersing agents are obtained by causing monomeric aliphatic aldehydes containing at least seven carbon atoms to react with hydroxy groups of alcohols containing at least three hydroxy groups or besides one hydroxy group at least one halogen atom, mineral acid ester group or amino group and converting the resulting condensation products into water soluble form by reacting any hydroxy group present with sulphuric or phosphoric acid, any halogen or mineral acid ester group with a sulphite, any hydroxy group or amino group with a free hydrogen atom with alkylene oxide or when an amino group is present converting the product into an ammonium salt or a quaternary ammonium salt.  In a modification, by employing alcohols containing hydroxyalkylpolyether, sulphonic, sulphuric, phosphoric, ammonium or quaternary ammonium groups the solubilising step is avoided. Examples of such alcohols are dihydroxypropanesulphonic acid and trimethyldihydroxypropaneammoniumchloride.  In examples: (1) glycerine is condensed with lauric aldehyde to give an acetal and the product treated with chlorsulphoric or phosphoric acid or ethylene oxide.  (2) the glycerine acetal of oleic aldehyde is treated with chlorsulphoric acid.  (3) an acetal is formed from ethylene-chlorhydrin and lauric aldehyde and the product treated with sodium sulphite in the presence of alcohol.  Stearic, ricinoleic, caprylic, caprinic, myristic, palmitic, 2-ethylcapronic, undecylenic and nonylic aldehydes are specified. They may be prepared by dehydrogenation of the corresponding alcohols.  Mixtures of aldehydes corresponding with mixtures of naturally occurring fatty acids may also be used.  Coco nut, soya bean, rape seed, cotton seed, train oil and montanic acids are mentioned.  Sorbitol and other hexitols are given as examples of polyhydric alcohols which may be used. According to the Provisional Specification similar products are obtained by using the higher ketones in place of the aldehydes. Specifications 343,901, 348,040, 360,539, 364,000, 375,770, 377,678, 377,695, 380,431, and 414,712 are referred to.