Patent GB-432958-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the thermal treatment with hydrogenating gases of distillable carbonaceous materials to obtain hydrocarbons, and apparatus therefor
IPC: C10G1/00
Filed: 1934-01-05
Abstract: In the treatment with hydrogenating gases of distillable carbonaceous materials in which corrosion of the apparatus by halogen compounds is liable to occur, the halogen compounds are eliminated from the reaction gases by contact with an alkali or alkaline earth before the temperature falls below 350 DEG C., or at the reaction temperature if below 350 DEG C. Suitable alkaline compounds are the hydroxides or carbonates of sodium, potassium or lithium, lime, calcium carbonate, soaps, e.g. sodium or calcium oleate, or phenolates; they are employed as suspensions in heavy oil and may be deposited upon or absorbed in coke. Alternatively, alkali, e.g. sodium carbonate solution, may be injected into the reaction zone near the exit for the reaction products, the point of injection being such that the time of contact is not less than 3 seconds. In an example, a 50 per cent paste of bituminous coal and oil containing 0,03 per cent of tin oxalate as catalyst and 1 per cent of carbon tetrachloride, preheated to 460 DEG  C., is fed with hydrogen under a pressure of 200 atmospheres into a reaction vessel.  The vapours are fed into a hot catchpot, from the lower end of which heavy oil is recycled and from which the vapours pass into the lower end of a second catchpot through which is circulated an oil-lime paste maintained at a suitable level.  The temperatures of the two catchpots is maintained substantially the same to minimize accumulation of oil. Two or more alkali catchpots may be employed.  The invention is applicable to the refining of crude benzol and the conversion of oxygen or sulphur-containing organic compounds into the corresponding hydrocarbons or hydrogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. conversion of phenols or cresols into cyclic hydrocarbons, cresol to phenol, or phenol to cyclohexanol.  The reactions are preferably carried out with the aid of catalysts, at a temperature of 250--700 DEG  C., generally 380--550 DEG  C. and under suitable pressures.  The amount of hydrogen may range from 100 to 4000 cubic metres per ton of carbonaceous material.ALSO:In the treatment with hydrogenating gases of distillable carbonaceous materials in which corrosion of the apparatus by halogen compounds is liable to occur, the halogen compounds are eliminated from the reaction gases by contact with an alkali or alkaline earth before the temperature falls below 350 DEG C., or at the reaction temperature if below 350 DEG  C.  Suitable alkaline compounds are the hydroxides or carbonates of sodium, potassium or lithium, lime, calcium carbonate, soaps, e.g. sodium or calcium oleate, or phenolates; they are employed as suspensions in heavy oil and may be deposited upon or absorbed in coke. Alternatively, alkali, e.g. sodium carbonate solution, may be injected into the reaction zone near the exit for the reaction products, the point of injection being such that the time of contact is not less than 3 seconds.  In an example, a 50 per cent paste of bituminous coal and oil containing 0,03 per cent of tin oxalate as catalyst and 1 per cent of carbon tetrachloride, preheated to 460 DEG C., is fed with hydrogen under a pressure of 200 atmospheres into a reaction vessel.  The vapours are fed into a hot catchpot from the lower end of which heavy oil is recycled and from which the vapours pass into the lower end of a second catchpot through which is circulated an oil-lime paste maintained at a suitable level.  The temperatures of the two catchpots is maintained substantially the same to minimize accumulation of oil.  Two or more alkali catchpots may be employed.  The invention is applicable to the destructive hydrogenation of coals, peat, lignite, shales, wood, mineral oils, tars etc.; the refining of crude benzol, crude motor fuels or lubricating oils; and the conversion of oxygen or sulphur-containing organic compounds into the corresponding hydrocarbons or hydrogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. conversion of phenols or cresols into cyclic hydrocarbons, cresol to phenol, or phenol to cyclohexanol &c. The reactions are preferably carried out with the aid of catalysts, at a temperature of 250--700 DEG  C., generally 380--550 DEG  C., and under suitable pressures.  The amount of hydrogen may range from 100 to 4000 cubic metres per ton of carbonaceous material.