Patent GB-450473-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of distillable carbonaceous materials under elevated conditions of temperature and, if desired, pressure
IPC: C10G1/08
Filed: 1935-01-22
Abstract: The treatment of carbonaceous materials with hydrogenating gases (including destructive hydrogenation, refining crude benzol &c. converting oxygen or sulphur containing organic compounds into the corresponding hydrocarbons, converting cresol to phenol and cyclohexane aromatizing and reforming motor fuels or lubricating oils) is carried out in the presence of catalysts comprising halogens either free or combined and the metals manganese, iron, nickel or cobalt or their compounds which have been treated prior to use with basic reacting substances, e.g. alkali or alkaline earth metals or oxides, hydroxides, sulphates or carbonates thereof.  The metals or their compounds are preferably treated in finely divided condition with a solution of the basic substances at elevated temperatures. The treated metals or their compounds and the halogens may be added after the materials have been heated up to reaction temperature. Halogen halides, ammonium chloride and organic halogen compounds are specified.  Crude cresol is passed with hydrogen under a pressure of 250 atmos. and at 450 DEG  C. over iron pretreated with sodium hydroxide to which carbon tetrachloride is added.  A neutral oil is obtained which consists of methyl cyclohexane, toluene, and benzene.ALSO:The treatment of carbonaceous materials with hydrogenating gases (including destructive hydrogenation, refining crude benzol, &c. converting oxygen or sulphur containing organic compounds into the corresponding hydrocarbons, converting cresol to phenol, aromatizing and reforming motor fuels or lubricating oils) is carried out in the presence of catalysts comprising halogens either free or combined and the metals manganese, iron, nickel or cobalt or their compounds which have been treated prior to use with basic reacting substances, e.g. alkali or alkaline earth metals or oxides, hydroxides, sulphates or carbonates thereof.  The metals or their compounds are preferably treated in finely divided condition with a solution of the basic substances at elevated temperatures.  The treated metals or their compounds and the halogens may be added after the materials have been heated up to reaction temperature.  Halogen halides, ammonium chloride and organic halogen compounds are specified.  In examples: (1) Brown coal is finely ground and sprayed with dilute hydrochloric acid until the basic constituents are neutralized.  It is then mixed with 1 per cent finely divided iron which has been treated with a 15 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide for 2 hours at 100 DEG  C., and subsequently dried at 105 DEG  C.  The coal is then pasted with heavy oil and the paste led with hydrogen through a pre-heater heated to 430 DEG  C., into a reaction vessel.  97,5 per cent of the coal is converted into liquid products, 45,5 per cent of which boil up to 325 DEG  C.  (2) Crude cresol is passed with hydrogen under a pressure of 250 atmos. and at 450 DEG  C. over iron pretreated with sodium hydroxide to which carbon tetrachloride is added.  A neutral oil is obtained which consists of methyl cyclohexane, toluene and benzene.