Patent GB-711437-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing artificial sausage casings
IPC: D01F9/04
Filed: 1951-11-16
Abstract: A self-sustaining sausage casing is made of alginic acid, or a salt or ester of alginic acid.  It may be made by forming a viscous solution of an alginate, extruding the solution through an annular nozzle into a coagulating liquid, and allowing the formed tubular structure to set.  The casing may be subjected to a hardening treatment subsequently to coagulation and for this treatment there may be used an aqueous solution of an aluminium salt, or the casing may be subjected to esterification.  To the alginate solution there may be added paraffin or fat emulsions, cellulose or cellulose derivatives soluble in water or alkali, or casein.  A solution of calcium chloride may be used as the coagulating liquid.  The strength of the tube may be increased by inflating it while it is in a plastic state.  Glycerine or other softener may be incorporated in the casing.  To shorten the time for complete coagulation, the tube may be submitted to a dehydrating treatment at a stage when it has been freshly precipitated but still contains a substantial proportion of water. Thus it may be heated to a temperature of 40-80 DEG C. after removal from the coagulating bath, or it may be passed through a strong solution of calcium chloride at 40-90 DEG C., or it may be treated with an aqueous methanol solution.  In an example, a solution of sodium alginate is extruded to form a tube which is coagulated in calcium chloride solution, and then heated to 90 DEG C. to complete the coagulation and conversion to calcium alginate.  In another example sodium alginate solution is extruded into calcium chloride solution to form a sheet which is subsequently formed into a tube by bending and gluing the edges.  To avoid undue stretching of the casing during filling, fibres may be incorporated in the alginate solution, e.g. alginate, cotton, meat or ramie fibres may be used. Crimped fibres may be used. Incorporation of fibres in the alginate solution may be such that the fibres project from the inner wall of the casing which is formed.  Alternatively, the inner wall of the formed casing may be treated with a fibrous pulp so that fibres adhere to the surface. To avoid the tendency for calcium to be replaced by sodium in a calcium alginate casing after the latter has been filled with a food preparation containing sodium salts, calcium or other metallic salts may be incorporated with the stuffing or with a treatment liquid, or in the wall of the casing.  Calcium chloride, lactate, acetate, or glycollate, or similar aluminium salts, may be used for this purpose.  For sausages which are prepared by boiling, a soluble calcium salt may be added to the cooking water.ALSO:A self-sustaining sausage casing is made of alginic aid or a salt or ester of alginic acid.  It may be made from a solution of an alginate by extrusion, coagulation, and hardening (see Group IV(a)).  A seamless tubing may be obtained directly, or a sheet of the alginate may be formed into a tube by bending and glueing the edges.  The strength of the tube may be increased by inflating it while it is in a plastic state.  Paraffin or fat emulsion, cellulose or cellulose derivatives, casein, glycerine and other substances may be incorporated in the alginate solution from which the tubes are made. To avoid undue stretching of the casing during filling, fibres may be incorporated in the alginate solution, e.g. alginate, cotton, meat, or ramie fibres, may be used.  Incorporation of fibres may be such that the fibres project from the inner wall of the casing which is formed, and such a casing may be more securely bonded with the sausage meat.  The formed casing may be treated with a fibrous pulp so that fibres adhere to the inner wall.  To avoid the tendency for calcium to be replaced by sodium in a calcium alginate casing, with consequent weakening of the casing, calcium or other metallic salts may be incorporated with the stuffing, or with a cooking liquid, or the casing may be impregnated with such salts.  Calcium chloride, lactate, acetate or glycollate, or similar aluminium salts may be used.  In an example, to 1 part of common salt, contained in a sausage meat containing 2 per cent of common salt, there are added 0.6 parts of calcium lactate and the mixture is filled into a calcium alginate sausage casing.  In another example, to 1 part of common salt in the saline cooking water for Frankfurter sausages, having calcium alginate skins, and containing 1 part of common salt to 0.3 parts of calcium chloride, there is added 1 part of calcium lactate. The skins of the cooked sausages retain their original strength.  In another example, a sausage meat containing 2.4 per cent of common salt is filled into an alginate casing which has been impregnated with a 20 per cent calcium chloride solution.  The greater part of the calcium chloride is washed out during the cooking, but the residue suffices to maintain the strength of the casing.