Patent GB-1155676-A (GB)
Title: Doppler Radar
IPC: G01S13/36
Filed: 1967-11-27
Abstract: 1,155,676. Doppler radar. GENERAL PRECISION SYSTEMS Inc. 27 Nov., 1967 [6 Dec., 1966], No. 53966/ 67. Heading H4D. The Specification describes a calibration improvement in an airborne C.W. Sinusoidal F.M. Doppler radar substantially of the type described in U.S. Specification 3,239,837, said radar comprising : microwave generating means (oscillator 10, Fig. 1 and frequency multiplier 11); modulation wave generating means (oscillator 14 and frequency divider 16) providing a wave # MOD  for frequency modulating the microwave generating means output # o  in means 12 to produce a wave which is radiated towards a target; means receiving the Doppler shifted microwaves reflected by the target (control portion of frequency spectrum, Fig. 3A); mixing means 22, 25, 26 reducing the frequency of the J o  side band to zero and causing the Doppler shifted spectrum component of the J 1  side band to be reflected above and below said side band (Fig. 3D); a first signal processing channel receiving the output of said mixing means and determining velocity and comprising means 61 summing the outputs of mixers 25 and 26 in phase quadrature and frequency tracking means receiving the output (Fig. 4B) of said summing means, said quadrature mixing process causing one of said Doppler spectra to disappear and enabling an unambiguous (to or from) velocity determination; a second signal processing channel also receiving said output and determining range and comprising means 28 summing the outputs of mixers 25 and 26 (Fig. 3D), filter means 29 eliminating the leakage spectral component L 1 , Fig. 3D, first frequency doubling and filter means 30/31 producing from the remaining Doppler components at the output of means 29 a sharp component at frequency 2 # MOD  (Fig. 3G), second frequency doubling and filter means 32/33 receiving the # MOD  output of divider 16 and producing a reference wave at 2 # MOD , and a phase detector 34 determining the phase difference between said two 2# MOD  waves, said phase difference, in the absence of apparatus induced phase shift, being proportional to range. Said calibration improvement is to allow for said apparatus induced phase shifts, and comprises a generator 37 brought into operation during calibration intervals alternate with and of equal duration to normal intervals. During said calibration intervals switch 21 switches mixer 22 from the receiver antenna to coupler 18 whereby a small portion of the transmitted wave is processed and produces the spectrum of Fig. 3E at the output of summing means 28. It is observed that there are no Doppler components, and these are artificially produced by amplitude modulating said output in generator 37 by a signal derived from divider 16, to produce the spectrum of Fig. 3F. This is fed to filter means 29 &c., such that the phase detector 34 now only measures said induced phase shift. A switch 35 operating synchronously with switch 21 feeds said induced phase shift measurement to a store 41 and normal phase shift measurement to a store 40. Differential means 36 determines the difference in the store contents and thus gives a true range indication.