baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-947656-A (GB)
Title: The production of new nickel-organo compositions and their use in cycloolefin production
IPC: B01J31/20
Filed: 1961-05-30
Abstract: A process for the preparation of cyclo-olefins having at least 8 carbon atoms and at least two unsaturated carbon to carbon linkages in the ring comprises subjecting an open chain conjugated diene to elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst prepared by reacting nickel carbonyl and a hydride, organohydride, organohalide or organo compound of boron or a non-transition metal of the sub-groups IA, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IVA of the Periodic Tabl and having an atomic weight of less than 208, the molar ratio of nickel carbonyl to other compound being 1 : 10 to 10 : 1.  Specified diolefins are butadiene, chloroprene, isoprene, piperylene, phenyl diolefins, 2,3-dimethyl butadiene and 2,4-hexadiene.  The reaction may be effected in the presence of inert solvents, e.g. liquid saturated open chain and cyclic hydrocarbons in which the catalyst has been prepared and from which it has not been isolated. Many suitable hydrides and organo compounds are listed and Example 5 describes the cyclooligomerization of butadiene in the presence of catalysts formed by reacting nickel tetracarbonyl with (1) triethyl aluminium in cyclohexane; (2) triethyl aluminium, ethyl lithium, allyl sodium and a mixture of allyl sodium, sodium isopropoxide and sodium chloride in a mixture of hexane, heptane and octane; and (3 and 4) triisobutyl aluminium in benzene; to give products comprising vinylcyclohexene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene and 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene.ALSO:Catalysts for the oligomerization of open chain conjugated diolefins to cycloolefins having at least 8 carbon atoms in the ring are prepared by reacting nickel carbonyl with a hydride, organohydride, organohalide, or organo compound of boron or a non-transition metal of the subgroups IA, IIA, IIB, IIIA or IVA of the Periodic Table and having an atomic weight below 208, the molar ratio of nickel carbonyl to other compounds being 1 : 1 to 10 : 1.  The reaction may be effected in the presence of an inert solvent, e.g. liquid saturated open chain and cyclic hydrocarbons, and the catalyst is preferably aged before use until a colour develops therein.  Many suitable hydrides and organo compounds are listed including organo compounds of aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, and lead; hydrides and mixed hydrides of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin and lead; and organohalides of beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, and lead. Examples describe the preparation of catalysts by reacting nickel tetracarbonyl with (1) triethyl aluminium in cyclohexane, (2) triethyl aluminium, ethyl lithium, allyl sodium, and alfin (allyl sodium, sodium isopropoxide, and sodium chloride) in a mixture of hexane, heptane and octane; and (3 and 4) triisobutyl aluminium in benzene.  The catalysts may be used for the cyclooligomerization of butadiene, chloroprene, isoprene, piperylene, phenyl diolefins, 2,3-dimethyl butadiene and 2,4-hexadiene.
Patent GB-893091-A (GB)
Title: Valve actuating gear for four stroke internal combustion engines
IPC: F01L1/28
Filed: 1958-06-18
Abstract: 893,091. Valve gear; charging pumps. BUCHI, A. June 18, 1958 [June 19, 1957], No. 19500/58. Classes 7(2) and 7(6). The valve gear of concentric inlet and exhaust valves 7, 8, Fig. 7, of a four stroke engine is so arranged that the exhaust valve closes on the open inlet valve when the valves are moving in the same direction at substantially the same speed. The exhaust and inlet valve cams 14, 5 have lift curves a, b, Fig. 1, designed so that at the completion of the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve motion is reversed so that it moves in the same direction as the inlet valve and seats gently thereon, being held on its seat on the inlet valve by its loading spring for the remainder of the inlet valve opening. To ensure seating of the exhaust valve, the lift curve of the exhaust cam is slightly smaller than that of the inlet cam during the inlet period. In Fig. 1, scavenging occurs from 40 degrees before top dead centre to 30 degrees after top dead centre while both valves are open, the charging air being supplied by an exhaust driven supercharger 23. In a modification, Fig. 5, the exhaust valve seats on the inlet valve when the latter is instanteously stationary at the top of its stroke.
Patent GB-703620-A (GB)
Title: Process of manufacturing hydroxy fatty acid greases and product thereof
Filed: 1950-08-04
Abstract: From 2 to 30 per cent. by weight, based on the final composition, of a mono- or di-hydroxy fatty acid having between 12 and 24 carbon atoms in the molecule is neutralised with lime in the presence of about one-half to about five times the quantity of mineral base lubricating oil based on the weight of the hydroxy acid and at a maximum cooking temperature below about 275 DEG F., and additional mineral oil is added to the mixture, with continuous stirring as it cools, until a temperature of 180 DEG  to 210 DEG F. is reached.  The neutralisation may be carried out at about 180 DEG -200 DEG F., preferably 190 DEG F., and the cooking at a temperature below 275 DEG F. is carried out slowly with stirring.  The mineral oil may have a viscosity between 60 and 5,000 S.U.S. (preferably 100-1,000 S.U.S.) at 100 DEG F.  The preferred acid, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, may be present in preferred amounts of from 5 to 12 per cent., based on the final composition.  The cooled grease may be further milled, if desired, to improve its texture.  Oxidation inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure agents and other additives and modifiers may be present in the composition, if desired.  In an example 150lb. of 12-hydroxy stearic acid and 570lb. of mineral oil (300 S.U.S. at 100 DEG F.) are mixed and heated to 190 DEG F.  Hydrated lime (22lb.) is added as a slurry with water, and after neutralization is complete, the mixture is heated by steam under pressure to a maximum temperature of 250 DEG F. while stirring continuously.  When the mixture is substantially dehydrated (0.05 per cent. water or less), 1,400lb. of oil is worked in while cooling to 200 DEG F. Specification 676,882 is referred to.
Patent GB-207499-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in manufacture of formaldehyde condensation products of aliphatic amines and products obtained thereby
IPC: C07C209/08
Filed: 1923-07-31
Abstract: Trialkyltrimethylenetriamines or their polymers are obtained in the form of their salts with halide acids by condensing hexamethylenetetramine or a solution of formaldehyde and ammonia with alkyl halides.  The products are oils or resins according to their degree of polymerization.  Examples show the condensation of hexamethylenetetramine or a solution of formaldehyde and ammonia with ethyl chloride, methyl iodide, butyl iodide, and a mixture of ethyl iodide and bromide by heating the reagents under pressure.  In each case the free base may be liberated by treatment with caustic soda.
Patent GB-1397794-A (GB)
Title: Method of manufacturing carbon fibres
IPC: D01F9/32
Filed: 1972-04-28
Abstract: 1397794 Carbon fibres COAL INDUSTRY (PATENTS) Ltd 15 June 1973 [28 April 1972] 19831/72 Heading C1A In producing carbon fibres or filaments by first reacting carbonizable organic fibres or filaments with a reactive gas or liquid to prevent the fibres or filaments from melting and to render them carbonizable and then carbonizing the treated fibres, the organic fibres or filaments are attached to a porous or perforated hollow tubular former, and are then reacted with said gas or liquid by passing this through the pores or perforations in the former and past the fibres on the former or vice versa. Preferably the former has a circular cross-section, and it may be made of carbon or graphite. It is preferred that the liquid or gas is passed radially outwards through the pores or perforations and that the former is porous. The starting fibres may be polyacrylontrile, pitch, or, especially, coal extract fibres.
Patent GB-823468-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the production of annular packings by rolling
Filed: 1957-06-24
Abstract: 823,468. Making rubber &c. rings. JOINT FRANCAIS. June 24, 1957 [July 31, 1956], No. 19852/57. Class 87(2). In piston and cylinder apparatus for producing annular packings by rolling a plastic material such as a rubber.mixture, the active peripheral surface of the piston 10 is formed axially with elongated steps 11 in the manner of saw teeth to aid the advance of the packing along the piston during rolling.
Patent GB-293798-A (GB)
Title: Compensating device for magnetic compasses
IPC: G01C17/38
Filed: 1928-07-09
Abstract: 293,798. Soc. des Etablissements Aera. July 12, 1927, [Convention date]. Magnetic compasses.- Relates to means for correcting the semi-circular and quadrantal errors of a mariners' &c. compass. Semi-circular error is compensated by magnets 1 mounted on supports 2 arranged to slide in guides 3 in a plane parallel to that of the card, the supports being engaged by a screw 4 operated by a head 5. In Fig. 7 four movable magnets are shown and the screw 4 is right-and-left handed so that the magnets remain symmetrically disposed about the axis of the card. In Fig. 5 only two movable magnets are used; these may be supplemented by the fixed magnets shown dotted. Quadrantal error is compensated by soft iron masses 11, Fig. 8, arranged in a plane parallel to that of the card and adapted to be moved towards or away from each other by a right-and-left handed screw 14. The plate 8 on which the masses 11 are mounted can be turned in azimuth by a screw 9. The masses 11 are shown as half rings, but by making their peripheries of square or octagonal form they can also be used to apply octantal correction.
Patent GB-478581-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to coupling devices for wireless receiving and similar apparatus
IPC: H01F21/04
Filed: 1936-07-20
Abstract: 478,581. High-frequency transformers. TELEFUNKEN GES. FUR DRAHTLOSE TELEGRAPHIE. July 20, 1936, No. 20049. Convention date, July 19, 1935. [Class 38 (ii)] [Also in Group XL] To obtain very low coupling coefficients between relatively movable coils without considerable physical separation, an auxiliary coil 7, in circuit with one of the coupling coils 2 shown as an aerial input coupling, is so arranged with respect to the other coil 5 that it tends to neutralize the field between the two. The coil 7 frequently comprises a single turn as shown in Fig. 2, the coil 2 being displaceable about the axis 10. Specification 244,596, [Class 38 (ii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-1189793-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Tensile Testing.
Inventor: BOURGEOIS ROBERT
IPC: G01N3/04
Filed: 1968-04-29
Abstract: 1,189,793. Making clamps; forging. USINOR. 29 April, 1968, No. 20120/68. Headings B3A and B3H. [Also in Divisions F2 and G1] Clamping jaws la, 1b and 2a, 2b for gripping a steel bar 3 undergoing a tensile test are made by annealing a block of steel, drilling a hole through the block to serve as a seat for a stamping die and sawing the block in half to form a pair of jaws 1a 1b or 2a, 2b. The jaws are heated and the bar to be tested is used as the stamping die to shape the internal surface of each jaw similarly to the surface of the bar. The jaws are then machined to fit into the supports of a tensile testing machine and are finally quenched and tempered. Circular portions 4 are provided in the jaws to prevent slipping of the bar during testing.
Patent GB-652374-A (GB)
Title: An improved system of electric lighting and improved apparatus for use therewith
IPC: F21V23/02
Filed: 1947-07-25
Abstract: 652,374. Electricity supply; supply systems for space discharge lamps ; transformers. COTTON, H. July 25, 1947, Nos. 20147 and 31912. [Classes 38 (ii) and 38 (iv)] Installation wiring; transformer arrangements; voltage accommodation.-An electric lighting system suitable for coal mines and other areas where sparking must be avoided comprises an insulated cable supplied with a constant alternating current which by electromagnetic induction energizes at any selected point in the cable length at least one detachable lamp unit comprising a gas discharge or incandescent lamp 6 connected across a winding 5 on a magnetic core 4 provided with a detachable yoke 7 to enable the cable to be passed into and out of the aperture of the core. A multicore cable having its cores a-d series-connected to form a continuous conductor may be used to reduce the supply current required which is preferably derived from the secondary winding 2 of a high reactance " constant current " transformer 1 which also enables the usual ballast for discharge lamps to be dispensed with. Protection against excess voltage, excess current and earth leakage is effected by switching means included in the primary circuit of the transformer 1 actuated by coils connected respectively across the secondary winding 2, in the primary circuit and between the " earthed " mid-point of the secondary winding and a conductive screen surrounding the cable. The excess current trip is provided with a time lag to afford time to connect one or more lamps when the supply is made with no-load applied. The two parts of the magnetic core (Fig. 5, not shown), may be separated by two magnetizable plates which extend into the core aperture between the cable and winding 5 with a small air gap between them filled in or covered over by a strip of non-conducting and non-magnetizable material. The part of the core carrying the winding 5, which may be of the core or shell type, also carries the lamp housing comprising a transparent shield surrounding the incandescent or one or more series-connected discharge lamps associated with the usual starting switches. The detachable yoke which may be wedge-shape may be hinged or anchored to the core and held in the closed position by a clasp, or clamping cams operated by pivoted levers.
Patent GB-831448-A (GB)
Title: Stabilized oil extended rubber compositions
IPC: C08K5/098
Filed: 1957-06-26
Abstract: A rubber composition comprising a vulcanizable natural, reclaim, or synthetic rubber contaminated with a salt of a multivalent metal, e.g. iron, and containing a compatible oil softener for the rubber is preserved by the incorporation of a magnesium salt of an organic acid containing at least 6 carbon atoms in the molecule.  The organic acid group may be carboxyl containing 12-25 carbon atoms in the molecule and/or hydroxyl. The magnesium salt of stearic or napthenic acid may be used in the proportion 0.1 to 10% of the composition, at least 1 and preferably between 2 and 3 mols. of magnesium being present per mol of contaminating metal.  The compatible oil softener may be derived from petroleum, coal tar, or other such similar source.
Patent GB-156565-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in carburettors for internal combustion engines
IPC: F02M1/00
Filed: 1920-07-09
Abstract: 156,565. Soc. Anon. le Carburateur Super. Jan. 6, 1920, [Convention date]. Addition to 129,963. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Act]. Vaporizers, external.-The parent Specification describes a carburettor which supplies a heated mixture of atmospheric air charged with heavy oils admitted through a sprayer and of steam partly dissociated by contact with heated carbon which produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, free hydrogen, and other gases in the nascent state. The invention consists in replacing the carbon by any reducing body, simple or compound, metallic or non-metallic, which is capable of decomposing water at temperatures 'below 1000‹ C. with the release of hydrogen or a combustible hydrogenated compound. Iron is mentioned as being a suitable substance.
Patent GB-772057-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to building construction
Inventor: PLUMMER LESLIE
IPC: E04C3/40
Filed: 1954-07-10
Abstract: 772,057. Buildings. LILLESHALL CO., Ltd. July 8, 1955 [July 10, 1954], No. 20243/54. Class 20(1)  In a building comprising roof rafters 13 welded at the eaves to wall frames 14 each lattice wall frame 14, is structurally combined with an supported on the stanchions 19, 20 of a vertical frame designed to support an overhead gantry crane 33, the wall frame 14 being tapered downwardly and the gantry frame 19, 20 being tapered upwardly to nest partly under the wall frame 14. The base of the wall frame 14 rests on brackets 16 supported by horizontal plates 30 welded to the stanchions 19 and 20. The wall frame 14 is further supported by being clamped to the upper part of the gantry frame 19, 20. Such clamp, Fig. 5, comprises a channel bracket 35 welded to 20 and a slidable clamp plate 37 gripping between the inner leg of the wall frame. A pair of bolts 36 tightens the grip. Stiffening angle brackets 27 are carried by the web of a rolled steel joist 24 bolted to the gantry frame 19, 20 and such joist 24 also carries the crane rail 26. Frames for a building with two or more bays are in Fig. 7 (not shown). Specification 583,689 is referred to.
Patent GB-242729-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to crystal detectors for wireless reception
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1924-08-27
Abstract: 242,729. Morant, A. F. H. Aug. 27, 1924. Crystal detectors.- The catwhisker comprises a spring or spring - controlled needle or wire 3 wholly surrounded by a casing 1 which is adapted to serve as a guide for the contact end of the needle or wire and provided with means of attachment to the detector arm. Fig. 4 shows a metal strip 20 adapted to be applied to existing detectors having lugs 22 to secure it to the detector arm 23 and provided with a guide hole for the contact point in an upturned portion 21. In a modification a strip is provided with a guide at one end and a periorated member at the other which is compressed to secure the catwhisker.
Patent GB-776934-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in inflatable chairs
IPC: A47C4/54
Filed: 1954-07-10
Abstract: 776,934. Bags. WOJCIK, J. E. July 1, 1955 [July 10, 1954 ; Aug. 18, 1954], Nos. 20248/54 and 24009/54. Class 133. [Also in Group XIV] The sides of inflatable interconnected seat and back cushions n, m, forming a ground seat can be connected by sliding clasp or other fasteners g so that when deflected the article can be used as a bag.
Patent GB-674792-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of solutions of polymers or co-polymers of vinyl chloride
IPC: C08L27/06
Filed: 1950-08-15
Abstract: Solutions of polymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride which can be spun to form threads or bristles or cast to form films are made by dissolving the polymers in a mixture of tetrahydrofurane and up to 50 per cent by weight of the mixture of another substance which can dissolve polyacrylonitrile completely but which does not itself give polyvinyl chloride solutions which can be spun. Examples of additional solvents are dimethyl formamide, N-formylpyrrolidine, N - dimethylmethoxyacetamide, N - formylpiperidine; dimethylsulphoxide, trimethylenesulphoxide; ethanesulphinic acid methyl ester; dimethylsulphone, trimethylenesulphone; methane- and ethane-sulphonic acid methyl esters, methane disulphonic acid tetramethyl ester; dimethylcyanamide, hydroxyacetonitrile, beta-hydroxypropionic acid nitrile; glutaric, adipic and succinic dinitriles; butyrolactone, valerolactone, N-phenyl-pyrrolidone, N-methyl pyrrolidone and glycol carbonate.  The mixtures are heated to boiling to effect complete solution and the solutions may be spun into water at 20 DEG  C.
Patent GB-1138305-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in a fluid flow control valve
Inventor: LYNES ROBERTS KITCHENER
IPC: H01F7/08
Filed: 1966-05-07
Abstract: 1,138,305. Valves. BULLFINCH (GAS EQUIPMENT) Ltd., and R. K. LYNES. 4 May, 1967 [7 May, 1966], No. 20325/66. Heading F2V. [Also in Division H1] An electromagnetically operated gas valve has two pairs of fixed polepieces 21, 22 connected to opposite ends of the core of an electromagnet 16 by respective yokes 17, 18 and an I-shaped plastics coated permanent magnet 23 has its poles located between the polepieces so that each end of this magnet experiences combined attractive and repulsive forces from the adjacent polepieces. In the position shown, the magnet 23 obturates the end 14 of a gas pipe 13. When the coil of the electromagnet 16 is energized, the magnet 23 is moved bodily to open pipe 13 and actuates a microswitch 27 via lever 28 to de-energize the coil. Springs 24 constrain the magnet 23 to move between the polepieces. To close the valve, the coil is again energized with the current flowing in the opposite direction, and switch 27 is actuated to de-energize the coil when the valve is closed. The coil is energized from a battery (Fig. 4, not shown) via a twopole two-way switch (31) which serves to reverse the polarity, this switch optionally being operated by a radio signal.
Patent GB-777441-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for operating electron discharge gas filled flash lamps
IPC: H05B41/32
Filed: 1950-08-16
Abstract: 777,441. Supply systems for space-discharge apparatus; systems for charging and discharging condensers. REBIKOFF, D. I. Aug. 16, 1950 [Aug. 17, 1949], No. 20341/50. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XL (a)] Apparatus for operating an electron discharge gas-filled flash lamp 7, for photographic use, from an H.T. battery 1, comprises a condenser 2 charged by the battery and subsequently discharging through the lamp, and associated circuits so divided into two units that separation of a multi-contact plug and socket 5, 6 by which they are interconnected automatically disconnects a terminal r of the condenser from the battery to prevent damage to the condenser by the continuous application thereto of high tension when the apparatus is not in use. When the plug and socket are engaged, the main condenser 2 is charged through the battery H.T. terminals m, n over a resistance 3 and plug and socket contacts a, a<SP>1</SP>, f<SP>1</SP>, f, and a starting condenser 10 is charged through the battery L.T. terminals p, m over a resistance 4 and plug and socket contacts e, e<SP>1</SP>, c<SP>1</SP>, c. To cause the lamp to flash, closure of a switch 9 makes a discharge circuit for the condenser 10 through the primary terminals u, v of an autotransformer 8 and plug and socket terminals b, b<SP>1</SP>, c, c<SP>1</SP> and the transformer secondary terminals x, v apply H.T. damped oscillations between an external auxiliary electrode 11 and a main electrode t of the lamp to ionize the latter and permit the condenser 2 to discharge through the lamp main electrodes s, t via plug and socket contacts f, f<SP>1</SP>, a<SP>1</SP> and c, c<SP>1</SP>.
Patent GB-201399-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in floating frames for power transmission gearing
IPC: F16C35/02
Filed: 1922-07-25
Abstract: 201,399. Baumann, K., and Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd. July 25, 1922. Toothed gearing.-Floating frames for supporting wheels in single or double helical toothed gearing are disposed mainly on one side of the centre line of the bearings and are provided with means for keeping the frame temperature uniform throughout or for indicating undesirable differences of temperature, or distortion arising therefrom, in order that the drive may be stopped. To keep the temperature uniform, the frames 10, which may have end extensions 11 carried on flexible girders 13, may be insulated from the pinion bearings 12 by non-conducting packing and air spaces, or by spaces through which the bearing oil may be circulated, or by supporting the bearings on the frame by point contacts. In other forms, heat-radiating fins are formed on the frame adjacent to the bearings, or conducting-ribs are arranged to convey the heat unifromly throughout the frame. In the form shown, the lubricating- oil circulates through a channel 18 formed around or in the body of the semi-circular frame. Differences of temperature may be indicated by distortion indicators or by the use of thermal couples at or near the bearings and remote therefrom and connected to an indicator or alarm. Specification 149,329 is referred to.