Patent GB-575379-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the treatment of fabrics to render them resistant to noxious gases, vapours and liquids
IPC: D06M15/693
Filed: 1940-05-21
Abstract: Textile material is rendered resistant to noxious gases, vapours, and liquids by applying thereto a finely divided activated absorbent substance, e.g. charcoal, bentonite, levillite, or alumina. Levillite is prepared by the hydrolysis of methyl or ethyl silicate. The substance may be fixed by means of a binder or by applying a further layer or layers of material. Alternatively, the absorbent substance may be suspended in the binder or the binder may be applied before, and, if desired, after, the substance.  The absorbent substance may be incorporated in a synthetic fibre.  Suitable binders are natural or synthetic rubber; rubber latex; ethyl, methyl, or benzyl cellulose; cellulose acetate or nitrate; starch; dextrine; alginic acid or its salts; gum tracacanth; shellac; synthetic resins; casein; albumen; gelatine; and soluble silicates, and may be applied in solutions or dispersions in water or non-aqueous liquids.  The binder may be insolubilized by removing the ammonia from a casein, iron or aluminium alginate, shellac, or synthetic resin solution, by heating, or by treating the casein with formaldehyde.  In examples, textile material is: (1) impregnated with activated charcoal in water containing an anionic or cationic stabilizer and a vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber latex; (2) rendered alkaline and impregnated with activated charcoal, and rubber latex containing a cationic stabilizer is applied by spraying, or alternatively chlorinated and an anionic stabilizer used with the rubber latex; or (3) impregnated with (a) rubber in benzene, (b) cellulose acetate in acetone and benzene, (c) methyl cellulose in water, or (d) ethyl or benzyl cellulose in trichlorethylene, containing activated charcoal.  Waterproofing agents, plasticizers, compounding ingredients, anti-oxidants, pigments, or dyes may be used in the process.  The textile may be treated at any stage of manufacture or in garment form.  It may be used for protective garments, anti-gas curtains, or protective clothing.ALSO:Textile material is rendered resistant to noxious gases, vapours and liquids by applying thereto a finely divided activated absorbent substance e.g. charcoal, bentonite, levillite, or alumina.  Levillite is prepared by the hydrolysis of methyl or ethyl silicate.  The substance may be fixed by means of a binder or by applying a further layer or layers of material. Alternatively, the absorbent substance may be suspended in the binder or the binder may be applied before, and, if desired, after, the substance.  The absorbent substance may be incorporated in a synthetic fibre. Suitable binders are natural or synthetic rubber; rubber latex, ethyl, methyl, or benzyl cellulose, cellulose acetate or nitrate, starch, dextrine, alginic acid or its salts, tragacanth, shellac, synthetic resins, casein, albumen, gelatine, and soluble silicates, and may be applied in solutions or dispersions in water or non-aqueous liquids.  The binder may be insolubilized by removing the ammonia from a casein, iron or aluminium alginate, shellac, or synthetic resin solution, by heating, or by treating the casein with formaldehyde.  In examples, textile material is (1) impregnated with activated charcoal in water containing an anionic or cationic stabilizer and a vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber latex; (2) rendered alkaline and impregnated with activated charcoal, and rubber latex containing a cationic stabilizer is applied by spraying or alternatively chlorinated and an anionic stabilizer used with the rubber latex; or (3) impregnated with (a) rubber in benzene, (b) cellulose acetate in acetone and benzene, (c) methyl cellulose in water, or (d) ethyl or benzyl cellulose in trichlorethylene, containing activated charcoal.  Waterproofing agents, plasticizers, compounding ingredients, anti-oxidants, pigments, or dyes may be used in the process.  The textile may be treated at any stage of manufacture or in garment form.  It may be used for protective garments, anti-gas curtains, or protective clothing.