Patent GB-889305-A (GB)
Title: Gas turbine engine
Inventor: PALFREYMAN JACK
IPC: F02C7/277
Filed: 1959-11-26
Abstract: 889,305. Gas turbine plant. ROLLS-ROYCE Ltd. Nov. 18, 1960 [Nov. 26, 1959], No. 40280/59. Class 110 (3). [Also in Group XXVII] A gas turbine engine comprises a starter turbine for starting of the engine and ducting for supplying motive fluid to the starter turbine, means being provided whereby the ducting may be connected selectively to a source of the said motive fluid or to a source of heated air, the ducting being disposed in heat exchange relation with surfaces which form part of the engine air intake so that when the ducting is supplied with the heated air, ice formation on the said surfaces will be prevented. The gas turbine jetpropulsion engine shown comprises an air intake portion 13 which with the engine front bearing housing 26 defines an annular air intake duct 27, hollow struts 28 extending between the two parts 13, 26. Engine auxiliary devices are mounted on the intake portion 13 and are driven by means of quill-shafts 29 which extend through the hollow struts 28. An annular manifold 30 is disposed around the intake portion 13 and is divided into two compartments 31, 32, the compartment 32 communicating with the duct 33 and with tubes 40, a pair of which is disposed within each hollow strut 28, the tubes extending towards an annular chamber 41 disposed within the bearing housing 26. The chamber 41 communicates with a passage 42 within which are disposed pivotally mounted inlet guide blades 45 which direct fluid on to the starter turbine rotor blades 43. At starting, working fluid is supplied through duct 35 to the change-over valve 34 which allows fluid to pass through duct 33 to the chamber 32, through the tubes 40 to the chamber 41, the fluid then flowing through the passage 42, and through the guide blades 45, which are in the open position at starting, to drive the starter turbine 44, the fluid finally discharging through openings 46 in the housing 26. The turbine rotor 44 is mounted on a shaft 61, a sun-gear 62 being mounted at the other end of the shaft; planet gears 65 are carried by a planet carrier 66, the planet gears comprising pinions 67 which engage the sungear 62 and pinions 68 which engage with the fixed annulus gear 64. The planet carrier 66 drives a shaft 71 through a free-wheel device 70, the shaft 71 being splined to a shaft 74 which in turn is splined to the rotor shaft 75 of the engine compressor. The shaft 71 has a bevel gear 72 which engages bevel gears 73 mounted on the inner ends of the quill-shafts 29 by which the engine accessory devices devices are driven. The pivotally mounted turbine inlet nozzle guide blades 45 each comprise an actuating lever 47 which is moved by means of an operating ring 48 mounted on roller bearings 49, the ring 48 being connected by means of rods 52 to pistons 50 which are disposed within cylinders 51, the pistons being loaded by springs 53 so that the blades 45 are normally in the open position. When the engine starts, however, air from the engine compressor is supplied through the tubes 60 to the passage 54 and so acts on the pistons 50 against their springs 53, movement of the pistons causing the guide blades 45 to rotate to their closed positions so blocking off the passage 42. At the same time, a device sensitive to an engine operating variable, e.g. speed, pressure or temperature, will cause the changeover valve 34 to move to the position shown in Fig. 1, so placing the duet 33 in communication with duct 36, and also causing the valves 76, which connect the spaces within the struts 28 to the compartment 31, to open. The compartment 31 is vented to atmosphere through aperture 31<SP>1</SP>. Should it be desired during operation of the engine to heat various parts of the engine so as to prevent formation of ice thereon, the cock 37 is moved to open position shown in Fig. 1 whereupon air which has been heated by compression in the engine compressor is caused to flow through ducts 36, 33 to the compartment 32, then through the tubes 40 and then outwardly through the struts 28, through valves 76 to the compartment 31 and thence to atmosphere. A portion of the heated air will also flow to chamber 41 and through passage 42 up to the closed guide blades 45 so preventing formation of ice on the housing 26. Specification 888,320 is referred to.