baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20150084698-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE YOUN TEK
IPC: H01L41/18
Filed: 2015-04-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a transistor controlling one or more work functions by using one or more selected from bending deformation and position movement of graphene. Provided is a transistor controlling one or more work functions which are one or more selected among adjustment of one or more heights of Schottky barrier and adjustment of one or more Fermi levels by including selection of one or more among bending deformation and position movement, and which is selected among bending deformation and position movement, which is one or more selected from one or more piezo material, graphene having piezo properties, magnetic particles, or particles having charge by electrostatic level of a barrier control circuit crossed by forming one or more piezo material, graphene having piezo properties, magnetic particles, or particles having charge on a lower end of a graphene.
Patent KR-20160121255-A (KR)
Title: X-선 발생장치의 튜브 선택모듈
Inventor: SHIN KI JUNG
IPC: H05G1/10
Filed: 2015-04-10
Abstract: 본 발명은 필요에 따라 고전압 출력을 서로 다른 X-선 튜브로 선택하여 작동시킬 수 있는 X-선 발생장치의 튜브 선택모듈에 관한 것으로, 플레이트와, 플레이트의 일측에 구비되는 회전모터와, 회전모터의 일측에 설치되며 회전모터에 의해 축회전하는 볼스크류와, 볼스크류와 나란히 설치되며 상측에 적어도 하나 이상의 접속단자가 구비되는 가이드보드와, 볼스크류의 일측에 나사 결합되어 볼스크류를 따라 슬라이드 이동하며 전원을 공급받는 제1 커넥터와 접속단자와 대응하는 적어도 하나 이상의 제2 커넥터가 구비되는 이동블록을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20160125117-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JONG SEOK
IPC: F16K37/00
Filed: 2015-04-21
Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a smart water valve system comprises: an inlet unit receiving water through one or more pipes; a valve opening and closing water introduced through the inlet unit; a first sensing unit sensing pressure or a flow rate of the water introduced through the inlet unit; a second sensing unit sensing at least one among movement, a shape, and heat distribution of an object; a controller controlling an opening and closing amount of the valve or the flow rate of the water based on output sensed by the first sensing unit and the second sensing unit; and an outlet unit where the water supplied from the pipe is discharged.
Patent KR-20160129321-A (KR)
Inventor: CHI WON JAE
IPC: C12N9/24
Filed: 2015-04-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a microorganism having an excellent effect in decomposing xylan which is a component of a plant extract-derived cell wall. In particular, the present invention relates to a novel strain having activities in decomposing xylan and agar, wherein the strain is a Catenovulum sp. A28-5 strain donated with a donation number of KACC92062P to National Agrobiodiversity Center of National Institute of Agricultural Sciences by being separated from seawater of the offshore in Seogwipo-si in Jeju Island. The novel strain of the present invention can effectively decompose xylan, and has agar decomposing activities. Accordingly, the strain can be very useful in the industry needing decomposition of xylan or agar or the industry using various physiologically active materials generated by decomposition of xylan or agar. When the strain of the present invention is used, a xylan decomposing enzyme or an agar decomposing enzyme which is industrially very useful can be very effectively produced.
Patent KR-20160131365-A (KR)
Inventor: YOON HYOUNG GUN
IPC: H01M10/48
Filed: 2015-05-07
Abstract: The present invention provides a protection circuit including a detection device for detecting damage of a memory chip and a secondary battery pack including the same, capable of quickly and reliably determining damage. According to the present invention, the protection circuit comprises: a protection integrated circuit (IC) protecting, as a protection circuit, a secondary battery from overcharging, overdischarging, charging overcurrent and discharging overcurrent, wherein an overcharging detection circuit, an overdischarging detection sensor, a charging overcurrent detection circuit and a discharging overcurrent detection circuit are integrated in the protection IC; and one or more memory chips electrically connected to the protection IC and storing state information of the secondary battery transferred from the protection IC. A detection device, which detects damage when the memory chip is damaged, is connected between the protection IC and the memory chip.
Patent KR-20160134907-A (KR)
Title: System for remote controling mritime brodcasting and closed circuit television
Inventor: KIM BYEONG SOO
IPC: G08B3/10
Filed: 2015-05-13
Abstract: The prevent invention relates to a system and a method for remotely control marine broadcasting and a CCTV, by which a field state of a ship or a marine plant on the sea may be monitored in real time so that an urgent accident may be properly dealt with. The system includes: a remote control block that is provided outside a ship to wirelessly communication with the ship, receive and display information of the ship, and transmit a control signal, a voice signal, and an alarm signal to the ship; a local control block that is provided within the ship to communicate with the ship by wire, receive and display information of the ship, and transmit a control signal, a voice signal, and an alarm signal to the ship; a client that is installed in the ship, and a ship information management block that communicates with the remote control unit and the local control unit to control the client based on control information received from the remote control unit and the location control unit and perform a control to output the voice signal and the alarm signal through the client. According to the present invention, a marine safety accident may be prevented by monitoring a field state of a ship or a marine plant on the sea in real time, and lives and properties may be protected through an immediate field control and a guide by remotely controlling broadcasting for a ship or a marine plant and a CCTV in the case of an urgent accident such as a fire.
Patent KR-20160138654-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG KYUNG YEOL
IPC: B29C33/24
Filed: 2015-05-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to an automobile seat mold in which a marble body is fixed on a mold, and more specifically, to an automobile seat mold in which a seating portion for a passenger is fabricated with a pad body and the inside of the outer side of the pad body is fabricated with a marble body that is higher in hardness than the pad body. Accordingly, the automotive seat mold comprises: an upper mold for forming an upper mold unit which has an outer side raised in the shape of an automobile seat; a lower mold for forming a lower mold unit which is recessed in the shape of an automobile seat so as to accommodate the outer side of the upper mold unit; a hinge which is installed behind the upper mold and the lower mold to open or close the upper mold; an opening/closing means which opens or closes the upper mold; an injection opening through which a foaming liquid for a pad body is injected; and securing pins which are inserted in the top, bottom, left and right sides of the upper mold unit so as to protrude from the upper mold unit, wherein the protruded portion is inserted in a marble body, thereby securing the marble body. Accordingly, when the foaming liquid for a pad body is compressed and solidified in the upper and lower mold units while the marble body is secured by the securing pins, production of the automobile seat is completed with the marble body held inside the outer side of the pad body. Consequently, the need for a process to bond the marble body to the pad body is eliminated and the automobile seat can be produced in a single molding operation, thus significantly improving the workability thereof.
Patent KR-20160139305-A (KR)
Inventor: YANG DONG GOOK
IPC: A62C27/00
Filed: 2015-05-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a firefighting robot dispatched to the scene of a fire. The present invention comprises: a mobile platform including a driving device to move by itself while supporting a device of a robot; a caterpillar track operating device installed on both side edges of the mobile platform to enable smooth driving as well as easily passing through an obstacle; a firefighting cannon installed on the mobile platform to spray firewater to the scene of a fire; a sensor unit exploring a fire spot and securing sight; an integrated controller controlling the entire operating part of the robot; a cooling system embedding an inert refrigerant tank, and cooling the operating part by supplying an inert refrigerant if temperature increases to more than a predetermined level; and a free spray nozzle forming a water screen to prevent an increase in the temperature of the robot body when suppressing the fire. Therefore, the firefighting robot is capable of being dispatched to the scene of a fire without interruptions by obstacles by using a caterpillar track, remotely exploring and suppressing the fire spot, and effectively suppressing the fire by using a self-cooling unit.
Patent KR-20160141223-A (KR)
Title: 비-바이러스성 벡터를 이용한 체세포 유래 유도신경줄기세포의 직접교차분화방법
Inventor: HAN DONG WOOK
IPC: C12N5/0797
Filed: 2015-05-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 신경줄기세포 특이적 전사 인자를 비-바이러스성 벡터에 클로닝시켜 체세포에 도입함으로써 외래유전자가 호스트 염색체상에 삽입되는 것을 방지하고, 유도만능줄기세포를 거치지 않고도 신경줄기세포로의 직접 분화방법을 제시함으로써, 체세포 유래 유도신경줄기세포의 직접교차분화방법을 포함한다. 
상기와 같은 본 발명에 따르면, 세포 내에 외래유전자가 존재하지 않기 때문에 돌연변이와 과발현에 의한 종양형성 위험성을 사전에 차단할 수 있는 효과가 있고, 세포분화 시 더욱 효율적으로 분화할 수 있는 세포주를 구축하며, 유도만능줄기세포를 거치는 단계를 생략할 수 있게 됨으로써, 안정성이 확보된 유도신경세포주를 구축하며 세포이식 및 세포치료제 개발 등에 필요한 임상적용을 가능하게 하는 효과가 있다.
Patent KR-20160144550-A (KR)
Title: Method for removing compounds having Si-O bond from aminosilanes
Inventor: KO TAE HO
IPC: C07F7/20
Filed: 2015-06-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for eliminating compounds having an Si-O bond from aminosilane. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for eliminating compounds having an Si-O bond from aminosilane, which comprises the following steps: treating aminosilane including the compounds having Si-O bond as impurities with alkyl metal so as to transform the impurities into a compound showing large difference in the boiling point from aminosilane; and eliminating the impurities through distillation, thereby simplifying a distillation process and increasing yield of aminosilane.
Patent KR-20160147545-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG JAE SHIN
IPC: A61K36/47
Filed: 2015-06-15
Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-allergy composition using an extract of Trigonostemon reidioides. The extract of Trigonostemon reidioides shows inhibition activities of degranulation and formation of cytokines when treated in mast cell line rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) activated by lgE and antigen (DNP-BSA), and shows an inhibition activity of lipoxygenase.
Patent KR-20160000867-A (KR)
Inventor: OZAWA KEN
IPC: H01L49/02
Filed: 2015-06-24
Abstract: The present invention is capable of suppressing an electrode, forming a capacitor, from being eluted from the bottom of a connection hole. A capacitor CP includes a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2. The first electrode EL1 is electrically connected with a transistor TR1. The second electrode EL2 is separated from the first electrode EL1. Moreover, the second electrode EL2 is covered by an interlayer insulation film ILD3. Multiple connection holes CH are formed on the interlayer insulation film ILD3. The connection holes CH meet the second electrode EL2. If the capacitance of the second electrode EL2 is designated as C[nF] and the sum of the area of the bottom of the connection holes CH is designated as A[μm2], the formula (1) below is satisfied. C/A<=1.98[nF/μm2] (1)
Patent KR-20170000878-A (KR)
Title: 온라인 그룹 이체 시스템 및 그 방법
Inventor: LEE GWANG HO
IPC: G06Q50/30
Filed: 2015-06-24
Abstract: 본 발명은 온라인 그룹 이체 시스템 및 그 방법에 관한 것이다.  
본 발명에서는, 복수의 회원단말기 정보로 이루어진 그룹 정보를 갖고 상기 그룹 소속의 복수의 회원단말기와 특정 책임회원단말기에서 실행되는 어플리케이션을 통해 자금을 이체시키기 위한 시스템에 있어서, 상기 책임회원단말기에서 실행되는 어플리케이션은, 상기 복수의 회원단말기 정보로 특정 그룹을 생성하기 위한 그룹생성수단과; 자금 이체 관련 메시지를 생성하여 상기 복수의 회원단말기로 전송하거나 메시징관리컴퓨터를 통하여 생성된 자금 이체 관련 메시지를 전송하기 위한 메시지생성수단과; 상기 복수의 회원단말기 또는 상기 복수의 회원단말기가 사용자로 등록된 적어도 하나의 금융관리컴퓨터로부터 전송되어 온 자금 이체 결과 메시지를 수신하여 표시하기 위한 콘텐츠표시수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 온라인 그룹 이체 시스템 및 그 방법이 제시된다.
Patent KR-20170002863-A (KR)
Inventor: CHANG JOON HYUN
IPC: F16L59/04
Filed: 2015-06-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a hollow cylinder type carbon fiber insulator, and more particularly, to a hollow cylinder type carbon fiber insulator which is for effectively reducing various types of heat transmission by gradually changing a bulk density of a carbon fiber felt constituting the carbon fiber insulator in a laminated direction.
Patent KR-20170005969-A (KR)
Inventor: MOON BOM
IPC: G06Q30/02
Filed: 2015-07-06
Abstract: In the present invention, disclosed are user equipment, a service providing device, a survey system comprising the same, a control method thereof, and a computer readable medium with a recorded computer program. That is, the present invention can improve the satisfaction of a survey requester by additionally providing integrated additional statistical information or comparing a related similar survey result by selecting a target group for a survey target according to category information and survey keyword information in the service providing device, supplying the selected target group to the user equipment by controlling the distribution and number of the selected target group whenever selecting an additional limit on option information like an area, an age, a gender, a working place, etc. in the user equipment, and supplying the controlled result to the user equipment. Also, the present invention can improve the quality of a survey result by obtaining the survey result for the target group which the survey requester needs.
Patent KR-20170009220-A (KR)
Title: 프리캐스트 콘크리트 구조의 철근이음을 위한 기어형 커플러
Inventor: PARK SUN CHI
IPC: E04C5/16
Filed: 2015-07-16
Abstract: 본 발명은 프리캐스트 콘크리트 구조에서, 단부에 수나사산(RB1)이 형성된 2개의 철근(RB)을 이음하기 위한 것으로, 
상기 철근(RB)의 상기 수나산(RB1)이 체결되는 암나사산(115)이 형성된 일단의 본체(114)와 타단의 수나사부(116)로 구성된 제1철근정착구(110); 
상기 수나사부(116)가 체결될 있도록 내부를 일단부터 타단까지 관통하여 암나사부(136)가 형성되고 외주면에 기어부(134)가 형성된 제2철근장착구(130); 및, 
상기 기어부(134)에 맞물리는 기어레버(150);  
를 포함하여 구성되되, 
상기 제2철근장착구(130)의 상기 암나사부(136)를 관통하여 상기 제2철근장착구(130)의 타단에 노출된 상기 수나사부(116)의 타단을 이음하고자 하는 다른 철근(RB)의 수나사산(RB1)의 단부를 접촉한 후, 
상기 기어레버(150)를 돌리거나 당기면 상기 기어부(134)의 회전에 의해 상기 제2철근장착구(130)가 회전하면서 상기 제2철근장착구(130) 타단의 상기 암나사부(136)에 상기 다른 철근(RB)의 수나사산(RB1)이 체결되는 것을 특징으로 하는 프리캐스트 콘크리트 구조의 철근이음을 위한 기어형 커플러(100)를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20160019358-A (KR)
Inventor: TORIZAWA YOU
IPC: A47L9/30
Filed: 2015-07-16
Abstract: Provided in the present invention are highly convenient extension tubes and an electric vacuum cleaner which are configured to avoid an increase of power lines installed to an extension tube and dispose a light source and a power supply circuit for the light source while suppressing an increase of the size of a bucket tip. The extension tube (25) and the electric vacuum cleaner (1) comprise: a socket (89) which is connected to the power lines (47) accommodated in a hook cover part (109); a light source (48) which is installed to the outer surface part (116) of the hook cover part (109); and a power source circuit (49) disposed in the outside of the inner tube body (52). The total number of power lines (47) installed to the extension tube (25) can be reduced by distributing each electric circuit having different electric currents and voltages in separate spaces.
Patent KR-20170009443-A (KR)
Title: 반도체 디바이스 검사용 마이크로 컨택 어레이 구조체
Inventor: YANG HEE SUNG
IPC: G01R31/26
Filed: 2015-07-17
Abstract: 본 발명은 반도체 디바이스 검사용 마이크로 컨택 어레이 구조체에 관한 것으로, 일단이 반도체 디바이스의 단자에 접촉하고 타단이 테스터의 테스트 기판에 접촉하여 상기 반도체 디바이스와 상기 테스터를 전기적으로 연결시키며, 외력이 가해지는 방향으로 탄성 압축되어지는 다수의 마이크로 컨택소자; 상기 마이크로 컨택소자들의 양단부를 제외한 중단 부분을 감싸는 형태로 구비되어 상기 마이크로 컨택소자들을 탄성 압축이 가능하게 지지하는 지지부재; 및 상기 마이크로 컨택소자들의 일단을 수용하여 상기 반도체 디바이스 측으로 노출시키도록 상기 지지부재에 결합되며, 상기 반도체 디바이스의 단자들이 상기 마이크로 컨택소자들의 일단에 접촉될 수 있도록 상기 반도체 디바이스의 단자 위치를 안내하는 다수의 안내구멍이 형성된 안내부재;를 포함하며, 상기 마이크로 컨택소자는 좌우 대칭되는 원형 또는 타원형의 탄성 압축부분을 포함하며, 상기 탄성 압축부분은 상기 지지부재에 수용되는 상기 마이크로 컨택소자의 중단 부분에 위치한다.
Patent KR-20170012692-A (KR)
Title: Wireless power transmission and reception system using the cardiac stimulation device and method for power transmission and reception
Inventor: BIENFRANKLIN
IPC: H01Q1/36
Filed: 2015-07-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless power transmission and reception system using a cardiac stimulation device and a method for power transmission and reception. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the system comprises: a wireless power transmission apparatus receiving power from a power supply unit to transmit the received power wirelessly; and a wireless power reception apparatus to transfer the power received from the wireless power transmission apparatus to the cardiac stimulation device implanted into the body of a patient. According to the present invention, by using the wireless power transmission and reception system using a cardiac stimulation device and the method for power transmission and reception, the cardiac stimulation device, such as a pacemaker or an implantable defibrillator, can be semi-permanently used without a separate battery replacement work, so a battery replacement operation burden of the patient can be reduced. Moreover, since a bag or belt to receive the power supply unit is included, the patient implanted with the cardiac stimulation device can live without restriction in moving or activity.
Patent KR-20170014112-A (KR)
Title: Specimen holder
Inventor: KIM GI BEUM
IPC: H01L21/66
Filed: 2015-07-29
Abstract: A specimen holder includes a base plate, a pressing member, and a grid. The base plate includes a holding surface for holding at least one specimen. The pressing member is arranged on the holding surface and presses the specimen toward the holding surface. The grid is arranged along a central line of the base plate and holds at least one defect part extracted from the specimen. Therefore, because the pressing member mechanically fixes the specimen without using an adhesive, a negligent accident of a worker and a contamination problem due to the use of the adhesive are fundamentally prevented.
Patent KR-20170016572-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JEONG HUN
IPC: H03M7/30
Filed: 2015-08-04
Abstract: 본 발명은 이진수 스트리밍 데이터의 줄길이 부호화시 압축방법에 관한 내용이다.  예를들어, 아래와 같은 임의의 이진수 데이터가 있다면,  
11111000011010111011111000 
먼저,  최상위 비트가 "0"으로 시작하는지 "1"로 시작하는지를 알려주는 sign bit를 전송한다. 본 사례에서는 최상위 비트가 "1"이므로 sign bit값은 "1"이다. 이는 수신기에서 복호화할때 반드시 필요한 값이다. 
다음으로 최상위 비트로부터 최하위 비트방향으로 이동하면서, 비트값의 변화가 생기는 지점에서, 이진수를 분리를 하는데 분리되는 덩어리를 바이너리 클러스터라고 명명한다.  
가장 먼저 분리된 바이너리 클러스터부터 압축하는데,  
바이너리 클러스터의 길이가 k 라면 k+1을 N으로 나눈 몫 Q 와 나머지 R을 이용한다.  
이와 같은 과정을 전체 이진스트리밍에 대해서 모두 수행한 결과 및 R-stack영역을 결합 또는 별도로 송신수부에 수신부로 전송함으로써 압축이 종료된다. 
압축결과물은 분할해서 전송도 가능하고 결합하여 전송도 가능하다. 
만약 결합한다면,   SIGN BIT (1비트) + 압축스트림 + R-stack (역순으로 결합) 시키고 이때  R-stack은 역순으로 결합한다는 것은 첫번째 바이너리 클러스터에서 생성된 R값이 가장 하위 비트로 가고, 다음 바이너리 클러스터의 R이  상위비트위치로 이동하는 형태로 결합되도록 하는 것이다.    
이로부터, 바이너리 클러스터가 긴 run-length코드일수록 최종압축스트림에서 압축효율이 크게 증가할수 있음을 알수있다.  
   한편 이러한 R-stack값을 상기와 같이 압축스트림의 최하위위치에 이어서 역순으로 결합하는 방법외에 본 발명에서는 실시간 전송지원을 위하여, R-stack값을 실시간 스트리밍에 혼합하여 전송하는 방법을 제안하였다.
Patent KR-20170016708-A (KR)
Title: System and method for preventing train accident
Inventor: CHOI HYUN KYUN
IPC: B61L25/02
Filed: 2015-08-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for preventing a train accident in a railroad crossing or intersection by using a laser scanner, and a method thereof. According to the present invention, the system comprises: a detection unit configured to recognize an obstacle and entry of a train to prevent a train accident in the railroad crossing or the intersection; an obstacle detection and train recognition unit using a signal detected by the detection unit to detect the obstacle and to calculate train running speed information, so as to recognize the obstacle or the entry of the train; and a safety support unit using the obstacle detection information and the train recognition information, and traffic lamp control information provided from a remote railroad control center in an obstacle detection and train recognition system to determine whether or not accident risk of the entering train exists, so as to wirelessly transmit train control information for controlling running of the entering train to an on-train safety support system installed in the train.
Patent KR-20160129664-A (KR)
Title: Metal gate scheme for device and methods of forming
Inventor: JANGJIAN SHIU KO
IPC: H01L29/08
Filed: 2015-08-07
Abstract: Disclosed are a gate structure and a forming method thereof. According to some embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: forming source/drain regions on a substrate and forming a gate structure between the source/drain regions. The gate structure comprises: a gate dielectric layer on the substrate, a work function adjustment layer on the gate dielectric layer, a first metal on the work function adjustment layer, an adhesive layer on the first metal, and a second metal on the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer can include an alloy of the first metal and the second metal and be formed by annealing the first metal and the second metal. In another embodiment, the adhesive layer may include an oxide of at least one of the first metal and/or the second metal and be at least partly formed by exposing the first metal to oxygen containing plasma or a natural environment.
Patent KR-20170018647-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM KEUN HWAN
IPC: H02J3/32
Filed: 2015-08-10
Abstract: A frequency control system for compensating an output by using an energy storage system (ESS) according to the present invention includes: a master frequency control module configured to control a sub-frequency control module according to a control command transmitted from an energy management system (EMS) of an electric power system; and a plurality of sub-frequency control modules configured to instruct an amount of output allocated according to a frequency control command of the master frequency control module to a power conditioning system (PCS). Also, when the frequency is controlled by using the ESS for the frequency control, the frequency can be controlled by discharging and charging electricity, and performances in terms of a response time and accuracy can be superior to those of the related waterpower generation and thermal power generation. In addition, since the frequency control system of the present invention is capable of accurately performing a frequency measurement by one frequency measurement device to allow all the frequency control modules to receive the same frequency value through broadcasting, the frequency is transmitted more accurately than a case in which frequency measurement devices are installed individually, and thus an appropriate mode can be performed depending on the situation to accurately control an output from an ESS group, thereby performing a frequency adjustment effectively.
Patent KR-20170019040-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE EUN HYE
IPC: G06F3/01
Filed: 2015-08-11
Abstract: In a wearable electronic device, disclosed is the wearable electronic device which includes a sensor module which measures the movement of the wearable electronic device, a display which provides a user interface including a plurality of movable particles, and a processor which controls the number of the particles to be reduced based on a measurement result. Besides, various embodiments grasped through the present specification are possible. Accordingly, the present invention can suggestively provide a biomedical condition by changing the user interface or a display object included in the user interface according to the change of the biomedical condition.
Patent KR-20160026699-A (KR)
Title: Solder mask ink composition
Inventor: YILIANG WU
IPC: C09D11/36
Filed: 2015-08-13
Abstract: Disclosed is a solder mask ink composition capable of being laminated using a digital printing method. The solder mask ink composition comprises: an epoxy resin; at least 20 wt% of a solvent with respect to the total weight of the solder mask ink composition; and an optionally non-ionic surfactant. Viscosity of the ink composition is less than or equal to 1,000 cps at a shear rate of 10 s^-1, and greater than or equal to 30 cps at a shear rate of 495 s^-1 and 25°C.