Patent GB-389573-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in carrying out catalytic reactions
IPC: B01J37/08
Filed: 1931-12-07
Abstract: In the treatment of carbonaceous materials with hydrogenating gases catalytic compounds are used which have been prepared from other compounds by conversion at temperatures above 150 DEG  C. and which are pseudomorphous with said compounds.  The preferred catalytic elements are tungsten, molybdenum, chromium and vanadium.  The pseudomorphous compounds are obtained by effecting the conversion for a long time (12-20 hours) at a temperature below that at which rapid conversion occurs, and then if necessary raising the temperature to complete the reaction.  Examples illustrate the conversion of ammonium tungstate into tungsten sulphide by treatment with hydrogen sulphide, and into tungsten oxide by heating in hydrogen, the conversion of ammonium sulpho-tungstate into tungsten disulphide by heating in hydrogen and the reduction of molybdenum trioxide to molybdenum dioxide. Conversion into phosphides, selenides, nitrides, &c. may also be effected according to the invention.  The conversion may be made in two stages, e.g. ammonium paratungstate may be decomposed to yield tungsten oxide which is then converted into sulphide.  The catalysts may be used for such reactions as the removal of sulphur-, oxygen-, and nitrogen-containing impurities from hydrocarbons such as benzol, motor fuels, and lubricating oils, the conversion of oxygen- or sulphur-containing organic compounds into the corresponding hydrocarbons, e.g. of phenols to the corresponding aromatic or hydroaromatic hydrocarbons, and the hydrogenation of unsaturated and aromatic compounds, particularly hydrocarbons.  The examples relate to the hydrogenation of middle oil and American gas oil.  Specification 379,335 is referred to.ALSO:In the treatment of carbonaceous materials with hydrogenating gases catalytic compounds are used which have been prepared from other compounds by conversion at temperatures above 150 DEG  C. and which are pseudomorphous with said compounds.  The preferred catalytic elements are tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, and vanadium.  The pseudomorphous compounds are obtained by effecting the conversion for a long time (12-20 hours) at a temperature below that at which rapid conversion occurs, and then if necessary raising the temperature to complete the reaction. Examples illustrate the conversion of ammonium tungstate into tungsten sulphide by treatment with hydrogen sulphide and into tungsten oxide by heating in hydrogen the conversion of ammonium sulpho-tungstate into tungsten disulphide by heating in hydrogen, and the reduction of molybdenum trioxide to molybdenum dioxide, Conversion into phosphides, selenides, nitrides, &c. may also be effected according to the invention.  The conversion may be made in two stages, e.g. ammonium paratungstate may be decomposed to yield tungsten oxide, which is then converted into sulphide.  The catalysts may be used for such reactions as the destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials, the removal of sulphur-, oxygen- and nitrogen-containing impurities from hydrocarbons such as benzol, motor fuels and lubricating oils, the conversion of oxygen- or sulphur-containing organic components into the corresponding hydrocarbons, and the hydrogenation of unsaturated and aromatic compounds, particularly hydrocarbons.  The examples relate to the hydrogenation of middle oil and American gas oil. Specification 379,335 is referred to.