baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-648632-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of cellulosic material
IPC: D06L4/23
Filed: 1948-05-26
Abstract: Cellulosic materials (such as bast fibres) are purified and bleached by chemicking with neutral or acid hypochlorite, immersing in an anti-chlor solution and treating with an alkali or alkaline earth chlorite at an elevated temperature at a pH about 5 to 5.5.  The chemicking, which is preferably preceded by a hot alkali scour, is usually carried out with sodium or calcium hypochlorite to which an acid such as sulphuric or acetic may be added.  The anti-chlor solution may be an alkali sulphite, bisulphite or thiosulphate, preferably made slightly alkaline, e.g. with a bicarbonate, Sodium chlorite is preferred for the final step, using 2 g. or more per litre, and is buffered to the required pH value, e.g. with sodium dihydrogen phosphate or acid sodium acetate.  Washing is desirable after each step in the process, and the chlorite step may be followed by a peroxide treatment.  An example shows the treatment of linen yarn, and the process is also applicable to bast fibres of hemp and jute, and to cotton.ALSO:Cellulosic materials (such as bast fibres) are bleached by chemicking with neutral or acid hypochlorite, immersing in an anti-chlor solution and treating with an alkali or alkaline earth chlorite at an elevated temperature at a pH about 5 to 5.5.  The chemicking, which is preferably preceded by a hot alkali scour, is usually carried out with sodium or calcium hypochlorite to which an acid such sulphuric or acetic may be added.  The anti-chlor solution may be an alkali sulphite, bisulphite or thiosulphate, preferably made slightly alkaline, e.g. with a bicarbonate. Sodium chlorite is preferred for the final step, using 2 g. or more per litre, and is buffered to the required pH value, e.g. with sodium dihydrogen phosphate or acid sodium acetate.  Washing is desirable after each step in the process, and the chlorite step may be followed by a peroxide treatment.  An example shows the treatment of linen yarn, and the process is also applicable to bast fibres of hemp and jute, and to cotton.
Patent GB-514732-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of and apparatus for manufacturing incandescent electric lamps and similar articles
IPC: H01J9/40
Filed: 1938-05-12
Abstract: 514,732. Making electric incandescent lamps. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. May 12, 1938, No. 14209. Convention date, May 15, 1937. [Class 39(ii)] In the manufacture of electric incandescent lamps a mount comprising a pair of leading-in wires with a filament attached thereto is arranged within a bulb 15, Fig. 4, with the leading-in wires extending longitudinally through the open neck of the bulb, and heat is applied to the neck to soften and fuse it around the leading-in wires while an opening is maintained through the neck by a rod or mandrel 28, after which the bulb is evacuated within an exhausting-chamber and then sealed hermetically either by softening and pinching the glass or by fusing over the opening a quantity of molten glass while the bulb is within the exhausting-, chamber. During the sealing of the leading-in wires the bulb is held neck uppermost within a suction cup 19, and the wires are held within grooves along opposite sides of a spindle 22 by means of clamping-jaws 23, 24 which are pivoted in a block 26 and normally held in clamping position by a compression spring 27 between their upper ends. The spindle 22 is hollow and encloses the mandrel 28 which extends throughout its length, so that when the spindle is lowered the tapered end of the mandrel is positioned within the neck of the bulb. The neck is then heated and the softened glass is compressed between a pair of oppositely directed jaws 29 actuated by rotating a hand wheel 36 thereby compressing the glass around the mandrel. The lamp is now removed to an evacuation chamber and after evacuation, and gas-filling if desired, the hole is closed by electric heating and compression, Fig. 7 (not shown), or by sealing additional material over it, Fig. 11 (not shown).
Patent GB-185170-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to means for producing a perforated tape by electric current impulses
IPC: H04L15/32
Filed: 1921-05-21
Abstract: 185,170. Rosendahl, G. J. J. May 21, 1921. Receivers with mechanical source of power; perforated-strip recorders; paper feeding and driving arrangements for receivers and paper feed, automatically controlling.-In a strip-perforating receiver for Morse and other systems using current impulses transmitted at intervals of time having a definite value, or some multiple thereof, the punches and tape-feed device are operated by clutches on a constantly-driven shaft. Two independent clutches are adapted to actuate the punches and to operate means whereby the feed clutch is disengaged during the punching operation, but is allowed to drive the feed-mechanism. at other times. The clutches 3, 4, 5 are in the form of helical springs, the coils of which tend to grip the rotating shaft 1 on which they are mounted. Each clutch is released by means of a detent introduced, when required, into the path of the leading end of the spring, so as to arrest it and uncoil the spring more or less. Normally, the punch clutches are held disengaged by detent levers 13, 14 but are released, so as to grip and rotate with the shaft, by corresponding magnets 17, 18 under control of positive and negative signalling impulses. The coils 3, 4 are oppositely wound, so that the outer ends co-operate with thedetents. Their inner adjacent ends are provided with two cams each, 8, 9 and 8<a>, 9<a> respectively. Cams 8, 8<a> co-operate with levers 20, 21 actuating. the corresponding punches 23, 24. The feedclutch 5 normally grips and rotates with the shaft, but is arrested by a detent raised into the path of its leading end 7b during a punching operation, by a lever (not shown) actuated by either of thecams 9, 9<a>. A cam 12 on clutch 5 actuates a lever 31 carrying a pawl 33 which engages a. ratchet-wheel 34 and serves to step round the feedwheel 28. An adjustable stop 60 limits the movement to one tooth at a time. The perforated' strip passes over the wheel 28, and between dieplates 53, 54 co-operating with the punches. To secure return of the detents 13, 14 to normal position arms 57, frictionally mounted so as to be depressed when the corresponding lever 20, 21 isoperated, are provided in addition to the springs 13<b> which tend to return the detents.
Patent GB-1185196-A (GB)
Title: Rivet type Fastener Device and Method of Riveting
Inventor: ROSMAN IRWIN E
IPC: F16B19/04
Filed: 1967-03-29
Abstract: 1,185,196. Riveting. I. E. ROSMAN. 29 March, 1967 [7 April, 1966; 10 March, 1967], No. 14302/67. Heading B3U. [Also in Division F2] In a method of riveting two sheets A, B together a collar 13 is placed around the shank of the rivet 10 and the shank upset by a punch 21 over the collar while the collar is restrained against expansion by a sleeve 20. The method is particularly suitable for high strength rivets, e.g. titanium alloy, stainless steel and nickel base alloys, as well as ductile metals, e.g. aluminium alloys. The upset head may be concave or convex. The size of the head is preferably controlled by the sleeve and the punch. The collar may have an annular sealing ring (32), Fig. 6 (not shown), to form a sealed joint. In another embodiment the collar has a spring flange (33), Fig. 7 (not shown), or the preformed head of the rivet may have a spring flange (42), Fig. 8 (not shown). Screw threads may be formed on the rivet head or the collar, Figs. 9 and 10 (not shown). The rivet may have a recess (19<SP>1</SP>), Figs. 15 and 16 (not shown), and the punch be shaped to flange the shank end. The rivet may be double-headed by co-operating sleeves (20<SP>1</SP>), Fig. 19 (not shown), and punches (21<SP>1</SP>).
Patent GB-1166956-A (GB)
Title: Acceleration of Post-Surgical Healing
IPC: A61K38/48
Filed: 1967-03-29
Abstract: 1,166,956. Enzyme compositions. BAXTER LABORATORIES Inc. 29 March, 1967 [13 April, 1966], No. 14375/67. Heading A5B. A pharmaceutical composition for promoting healing after cryogenic surgery comprises a solution of chymopapain in physiological saline, having a concentration of 25-20,000 micrograms/ml. The solution is administered locally to the cryogenically destroyed area (e.g. sites of tonsils, haemorhoids, cervical cones or the prostate gland) by appropriate means, such as infusion or spraying. In an Example, similar saline solutions of trypsin, papain, and B. subtilis protease are described.
Patent GB-751812-A (GB)
Title: Beds
Inventor: FAVER ERNEST VICTOR
IPC: A47C19/12
Filed: 1954-05-17
Abstract: 751,812. Folding beds; cots. STEEL & CO., Ltd., W. July 30, 1954 [May 17, 1954], No. 14483/54. Addition to 728,118. Class 52(2). To provide a short bed or cot the foot section 8 of the folding bed according to the parent Specification is held in a vertical unfolded position by a removable rail 11 or a trellis which also serves as a guard rail. The rail may be bolted to the bed head 6 or may have a downturned limb 14 secured to one of the intermediate sections of the bed.
Patent GB-236506-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in off-set sheets or blankets for off-set printing
IPC: B41N10/02
Filed: 1924-04-04
Abstract: 236,506. Pepe, L., and Nagy, D. de. April 4, 1924. Blankets. - Rubber offset blankets are provided with a coating of which the basis is translucent gelatinous neutral solution of lactic casein, legumin, gluten, fibrin or a combination of such materials. This coating protects the printing-plates, particularly fine grained photomechanical printing-plates, from the deleterious action of the sulphur in the rubber, In preparing the solution, the casein &c. is treated with hot water or steam and dissolved in an alkaline solution to remove fat and albumen and is then precipitated with oxyglutaric acid. The precipitate is washed and then dissolved at' a low temperature in glutaminic acid and dilute ammonia. The solution is then mixed in the proportion of 5 to 1 with a 20 per cent solution of liquefied gluten or serecin, and a 10 per cent solution of formaldehyde is added to this mixture in the proportion of 1 to 10, and propenyl alcohol is added in the proportion of 1 to 50. Specification 236,621, [Class 98 (ii), Photographic processes &c.], is referred to.
Patent GB-666294-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to filters for guided electromagnetic waves
IPC: H01P1/208
Filed: 1949-06-01
Abstract: 666,294. High-frequency electric filters. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. June 1, 1949 [June 4, 1948], No. 14692/49. Class 40 (viii). A wave filter comprises a wave-guide section 10, provided with a number of partitions 11 containing apertures spaced apart by distances approximately equal to an integral multiple of one quarter of the wave length at the mid-band frequency, the apertures being resonant at or near this frequency and being arranged to have a progressively increasing band width from the centre of the filter to each end. This arrangement produces a filter whose insertion loss and reflection coefficient characteristic over its band is substantially flat. If the apertures in the partitions are of dumb-bell shape, the variations in band width may be in displacing their positions progressively from the centre of their partitions or by progressively altering their angular position. As shown in Fig. 5, an aperture 36 is formed in a plate 11<SP>1</SP> which intersects the guide 10. This plate is secured to the guide by clamping screws 13 working in slots 12. The angular position of aperture 36 can thus be adjusted. U.S.A. Specification 1,849,656 is referred to.
Patent GB-1345266-A (GB)
Title: Hygroscopic acrylic fibres and a process
IPC: D01F6/18
Filed: 1971-05-13
Abstract: 1345266 Polyacrylonitrile fibres MITSUBISHI RAYON CO Ltd 13 May 1971 [15 May 1970] 14780/71 Heading B5B Hygroscopic fibres of acrylonitrile homopolymers or copolymers containing more than 50% by weight acrylonitrile or blends thereof and which have a void content (X) of open capillary voids of 4À0 to 63À2%, a free surface area (S) of 1À0 x 10<SP>4</SP> to 1À7 x 10<SP>6</SP> cm<SP>2</SP>/g. and a contact angle with water of at most 45 degrees are prepared by a process which includes the steps of (a) dissolving the hompolymer or copolymer of acrylonitrile in a solvent; (b) extruding the spinning solution into an aqueous coagulation liquid which contains said solvent; (c) stretching the thus formed fibres in boiling water; (d) drying the stretched fibres at a temperature below 60‹ C., or subjecting the stretched fibres in a wet state to an annealing treatment with saturated steam at a pressure of less than 2À8 kg/cm<SP>2</SP> and then drying the fibres at below 110‹ C. and (e) treating the fibres with a modifier, suitably an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate, sulphuric acid or a hydroxylamine salt to lower their contact angle to less than 45 degrees. Preferred processes are those where either the drying step (d) is carried out at a temperature below 60‹ C. before or after treatment step (e) or where treatment step (e) is carried out either before annealing with steam or after annealing and drying at a temperature of lower than 110‹C. Suitable monomers for the acrylonitrile copolymer include mono-olefinic unsaturated compounds, N-vinyl imides, α,#-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or esters and vinyl subsituted heterocyclic amines, increased hygroscopicity being imparted to the fibres when a hydrophilic monomer, for example lauroxy polyethyleneglycolacrylate and nonyl phenoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate are used in an amount of from 5 to 40% by weight. Preferred hygroscopic fibres have a void content (X) in the range 14À5 to 63À2% a free surface area (S) between 2À0 x 10<SP>4</SP> and 100 x 10<SP>4</SP> cm<SP>2</SP>/g. and S and X satisfy the relationship log S # 114/100 - X + 2À90. The difference in moisture regain of the fibres measured at 20‹ C., 93% RH and 20‹ C. 65% RH is preferably greater than 5%. In examples hydrogroscopic fibres of acrylonitrile copolymerized with vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid and/or lauroxypolyethyleneglycol acrylate are prepared by one or other of the above preferred process using dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide as spinning solvent and hot NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , H 2 SO 4  or hydroxylamine sulphate as the modifier. Stretching of the fibres is carried out in boiling water and the fibres are mechanically crimped and cut into staple after stretching and before or after treatment with the modifier.
Patent GB-468810-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of edible emulsions
IPC: A23D7/02
Filed: 1936-05-25
Abstract: In making edible emulsions of the water-in-oil type, such as margarine, carbon dioxide or substances releasing it are incorporated prior to, during or after, or both during and after, the emulsification together with one or more emulsifying agents which cause a stabilization and a fine and uniform distribution of the carbon dioxide.  The carbon dioxide may be introduced in the gaseous state, if desired under pressure, or in solid form.  As substances releasing carbon dioxide, carbonates or bicarbonates with the equivalent amount of acid are preferably used.  The carbon dioxide is present in the emulsions in dissolved and in chemically bound state and also as finely distributed bubbles. The emulsifying agents used are preferably pectin, or monoglycerides or other water-in-oil emulsifying agents.  In an example, margarine is produced by mixing 10 parts by weight of ripened milk with 6 parts of water and saturating with carbon dioxide by blowing the gas through at 0-5 DEG C. 83 Parts of the oils used and one per cent of an emulsifying agent such as a monoglyceride of a fatty acid are added to a closed mixer filled with carbon dioxide gas and mixed therein.  The milk and oils are then fed separately in the desired proportions to the emulsifier and then to a chilled roll.  Pectin may be added to the milk to the amount of 0,2 per cent of the weight thereof and carbon dioxide may also be supplied during the emulsification.  The mixing and kneading of the emulsion is carried out in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. In another example, a compound for use in baking is prepared by saturating 30 parts by weight of water containing 0,5 per cent of pectin with gaseous carbon dioxide at 0-5 DEG  C. and then emulsifying in an oil-fat mixture containing 2 per cent by weight of monoglycerides, further carbon dioxide being added during the emulsification to charge the emulsion with finely distributed carbon dioxide gas.
Patent GB-272892-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric discharge devices
IPC: H01J19/66
Filed: 1927-06-02
Abstract: 272,892. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., (Assignees of Mullaney, D. A.). June 18, 1926, [Convention date]. Vacuum tubes. - A terminal 15 is secured to an insulating base 3 at a number of points and is spaced from it between the points of attachment. As described with reference to a tube having the anode terminal arranged at one end and the cathode and grid terminals at the other, the grid terminal 15 has lateral extensions 16 the ends of which rest on bosses 7 raised from the surface of the vitreous insulating base 3, and are secured at these points by nuts 19 and non- rotatable screws 8, 9, the screw 8 being hollow to receive the grid lead 20. Hollow cathode terminals 10, 11 are secured in the base on opposite sides of the terminal 15, by means of nuts 13, the leakage, path between the grid and cathode terminals being greater than one half the distance between the pair of cathode terminals, that is, equal to the distance between the bosses 7 and the cathode terminals.
Patent GB-1213231-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of 1-naphthyl n-methyl carbamate
Inventor: MOLDOVAN ADRIAN VELNICERIU
IPC: C07C271/06
Filed: 1968-03-28
Abstract: 1,213,231. 1-Napthyl N-methyl carbamate. RUMANIA, MINISTER OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. 28 March, 1968, No. 15008/68. Heading C2C. A process of preparing 1-naphthyl N-methyl carbamate comprises reacting 1-naphthol with phosgene in a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, in the presence of a tertiary amine as hydrogen chloride acceptor to obtain 1-naphthyl chloroformate solution and submitting the 1-naphthyl chloroformate in the solution to a condensation reaction with gaseous methylamine or methylamine in aqueous solution.
Patent GB-1026991-A (GB)
Title: Crank case ventilation system for an internal combustion engine
Inventor: CRAIG GEORGE
IPC: F01M13/02
Filed: 1964-04-10
Abstract: 1,026,991. Crankcase ventilation systems. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. April 10, 1964, No. 15022/64. Heading F1B. The supply of crankcase gases to an induction pipe is controlled by a rotary valve 11 operated from the throttle valve. The disc valve 11 has an idling orifice 27 and main aperture 35 co-operating with an aperture 25 in plate 7. At idling the flow of crankcase gases is throttled by the orifice 27; as the throttle valve opens, rotation of the disc 11 brings the aperture 35 increasingly into alignment with aperture 25 to reduce the throttling.
Patent GB-1139021-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to anthranilic acid derivatives
Inventor: RENZ JANY
IPC: C07C/
Filed: 1966-04-05
Abstract: 1,139,021. N-Phenylanthranilic acid derivatives. SANDOZ Ltd. 5 April, 1966 [3 May, 1965; 1 Dec., 1965], No. 15114/66. Heading C2C. Novel compounds of formula in which R 1  is an alkyl radical having 1-6 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl radical having 7-9 carbon atoms, and R 2  is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine, at least one symbol R 2  being chlorine or bromine, and salts thereof, and the preparation thereof by heating a 3-alkylthio or 3- aralkylthio-aniline with o-chlorobenzoic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof in an inert organic solvent and in the presence of a condensation catalyst. The 3-alkylthio- or 3-aralkylthio-aniline starting material may be prepared by heating a nitrobenzene with chlorosulphonic acid at 100- 145‹ C., reacting the 3-nitrobenzene sulphochloride formed with potassium iodide and sodium pyrosulphite or potassium iodide and phosphorous acid in aqueous solution to give a 3,3<SP>1</SP>-dinitro-diphenyl disulphide which is then reduced with sodium sulphide in alkaline solution and the 3-alkylthio- or 3-aralkylthio-nitrobenzene formed is converted into its S-alkyl or S-aralkyl derivative and subsequently reduced. Therapeutic compositions having antiphlogistic, analgesic and antipyretic activity which may be administered systemically or locally contain as active ingredient compounds of Formula I above.
Patent GB-1029053-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fuel control arrangements
Inventor: OTWAY FRANCIS OSWALD JAMES
IPC: F02C9/16
Filed: 1963-04-18
Abstract: 1,029,053. Fluid-pressure servomotor systems. POWER JETS (RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT) Ltd. April 16, 1964 [April 18, 1963], No. 15427/63. Heading G3P. [Also in Division F1] The flow of gaseous fuel to the burners of a gas turbine is controlled by a valve responsive to the calorific value of the fuel. A turbine 3, Fig. 1, drives a compressor 1 which supplies air to a combustion chamber 5 and the exhaust of the turbine 3 is fed to a free turbine 9 not mechanically coupled to the turbine 3. The flow of fuel to burners 6 is controlled by a valve having two closure portions 16, 17 cooperating with seats 22, 23. The calorific value of the fuel is measured by the density, a sample of fuel being circulated through a sphere 50 mounted on a lever arm 51. Variations in the weight of fuel in the sphere 50 acts on a lever 53 to actuate a valve 66 which controls supply and exhaust of fluid to the opposite sides of a piston 68. Movement of the piston 68 recloses the valve 66 through lever 53 and also acts through levers 71, 72, 74, 70, 77, 79, 80 and 20 to adjust the fuel control valve. The fuel control valve is normally positioned directly in response to speed and compressor outlet pressure. A speed governor 32 acts on the valve through levers 34, 35 and 19 while the compressor outlet pressure acts on a diaphragm 46 to actuate the fuel control valve through rod 43 and levers 70, 77, 79, 80 and 20. Under normal condition the calorific control is overridden by speed and pressure control but operates during acceleration to prevent stalling. In a modification, the piston 68 actuates a valve controlling the leakage of compressor outlet pressure acting on the diaphragm 46. In a further modification, the piston 68 is not connected to the lever 53 and movement of this piston acts on a valve controlling the pressure on a further piston connected to the lever 53 to provide a feedback. In Fig. 4 (not shown) variations in the weight of fuel in the sphere 50 adjusts the loading of a spring 133 acting on a valve 135 which controls the supply and exhaust of fluid to a line 142 to act on a diaphragm 148 which positions the fuel control valve. The valve is again closed when the pressure in the line 142 balances the spring loading. In a modification, the lever 51 acts directly on a spool valve controlling the supply and exhaust to opposite sides of a piston, and the fuel control valve closure member is carried by the piston rod. In Fig. 8 (not shown) the weight of fuel in sphere 50 adjusts a valve 224 which controls leakage from a manifold 222, 223. Restriction of this leakage increases the pressure in a conduit 225 which acts in a closing direction on a valve 236 to increase the pressure in conduit 220. This increase in pressure acting on the valve 224 balances the movement of the valve and the pressure in conduit 220 acts to adjust the leakage through valve 234 to vary the compressor outlet pressure acting on diaphragm 95 to actuate the fuel control valve.