baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-915601-A (GB)
Title: Demetallization of petroleum oils
IPC: C10G21/00
Filed: 1960-12-30
Abstract: Metallic contaminants present as complex organic chelate compounds of the porphyrin type are removed from petroleum oils having constituents boiling above 950 DEG F. by contacting the oil at a temperature of 100 DEG F.-550 DEG F. with from 0,01 to 2 volumes of liquid hydrofluoric acid per volume of oil, thereby precipitating the contaminants, and thereafter separating the oil from the acid phase and the precipitated contaminants.  The hydrofluoric acid may be employed as a 10% to 99% aqueous solution or in the anhydrous form. Boron trifluoride may be added to the acid to increase its effectiveness.  The process may be applied to an undeasphalted topped petroleum crude oil, which may be deasphalted with a hydrocarbon having <PICT:0915601/III/1> 3-8 carbon atoms, and the demetallized oil may thereafter be cracked.  In the Figure, a crude oil is distilled in zone 1, and a heavy gas oil fraction boiling between 950 DEG F. and 1300 DEG F. is withdrawn via line 6.  Bottoms are withdrawn via line 7.  These two fractions may be treated, either together or separately, in zone 10, which is equipped with heating and agitating means. Aqueous hydrofluoric acid is introduced into this zone, which is desirably maintained at 200 DEG F. to 400 DEG F. and 15 p.s.i.g. to 1,200 p.s.i.g., and the oil and acid remain in contact for 2 to 120 minutes, after which the mixture passes to settling zone 17, from where withdrawn acid is recycled to zone 10. The demetallized oil is passed through pressure release valve 19 to flash zone 20, from which acid vapours are withdrawn via line 21. The oil passes through filter 24 and the desired oil of low metal content is recovered via line 25.  The oil may be washed with water or caustic to complete removal of acid.
Patent GB-1104830-A (GB)
Title: Foamed polymeric materials
Inventor: LAROSE JOSEPH BERNARD
IPC: C08J9/14
Filed: 1965-10-25
Abstract: Foamed cellular polyvinyl ethers are prepared from a foamable composition comprising (i) at least one polymerizable cyclic vinyl ether of the general formula <FORM:1104830/C3/1> wherein n is an integer of minimum value 2, R is a hydrogen atom or the aldehyde radical and where R may be the same or different in separate dihydropyranyl groups, and A is a linking radical having a valence equal to n; (ii) a drying oil having an iodine value of at least 90 and reactive with the cyclic vinyl ether; (iii) a catalyst capable of promoting the reaction of (i) and (ii); and (iv) a foaming agent vaporizing at the temperature of reaction of (i) and (ii).  The composition optionally contains an additional vinyl ether-reactive compound other than a drying oil and also a surfactant. Examples of cyclic vinyl ehters of the above formula are 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-methyl -(3,4 - dihydro - 2H -pyran - 2 - carboxylate) and the trimeric aldol condensation product of 2 - formyl - 3,4 - dihydro - 2H-pyran. Specified drying oils are linseed oil, soya bean oil, dehydrated castor oil, blown linseed oil and tall oil.  Drying oil-modified alkyds may also be employed as ingredient (ii). The catalyst is preferably a strong proton-donating acid, a Lewis acid, e.g. boron trifluoride etherate, iodine or an iodine-containing compound, a triphenylmethyl derivative of an anion having a low ester-forming tendency, an alkyl, acyl or aroyl perchlorate or hexachloroantimonate, or a diazonium salt.  The foaming agent is suitably a halogenated hydrocarbon. Examples of additional vinyl-reactive compounds are polyhydric alcohols and phenols, resinous products derived from pine wood, epoxy compounds, polycarboxylic acids, polyamides, a ,b -monoethylenically unsaturated compounds and organic polyisocyanates.
Patent GB-1120450-A (GB)
Title: Stabilizing of lubricants
Inventor: CYBA HENRYK ANTONI
Filed: 1965-10-26
Abstract: Lubricants are stabilized by the addition of unsubstituted or substituted 4,41-di(cyclohexylamino)diphenyl methane.  The substituents may be hydrocarbon groups, e.g. C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy groups, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, dialkylaminoethylene or halogen, e.g. chlorine.  The lubricant may be a mineral oil or a synthetic oil, e.g. aliphatic di-esters, polyalkylene oxides, silicones, esters of phosphoric and silicic acids, fluorcarbons, neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylol alkanes and esters thereof and pentaerythritol.  The oils may be thickened to form greases. Lithium and calcium stearate are the specified thickeners.
Patent GB-1116739-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing a laminate of thermoplastic film, and a laminate thus produced
IPC: B29C48/10
Filed: 1966-10-10
Abstract: 1,116,739. Laminates. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V. 10 Oct., 1966 [11 Oct., 1965; 15 April, 1966 (2)], No. 45188/66. Heading B5N. A laminated thermoplastic film is produced by extruding and blowing a thermoplastic film, sealing the blown tube in a non-plasticized condition, heating the flat film tube so that the facing surfaces thereof become in a plasticized condition, and fusing the opposite sections of the flat tube by the application of pressure. An apparatus for performing these operations comprises an extruder 10 having an annular die 21 from which a thin-walled tube 11 is extruded and then blown up by air, a pair of sealing rolls 13 having guide plates 11 for flattening the tube, drive rolls 16 and 19 which keep the flattened tube taut as it passes heaters 18, which may be, e.g. infra-red heaters, roll 19 also supplying the pressure to bond the facing surfaces of the tubular film. The flattened tube should preferably be kept horizontal while it is heated, and the heating is arranged so that the inner surfaces of the tube plasticize, but the lower surface does not and can stand being drawn by rolls 16 and 19. An alternative apparatus uses two extruders, each leading into a half of the same annular die. In this case, the edges are suitably cut off the final laminate, since the boundary between the film halves will not be a straight line. A further apparatus produces a four-layer laminate by extruding a laminated film using a die having two concentric annular openings each fed by a different extruder. In this case it is found that the layers of the tubular laminate produced have varying thicknesses, but it is stated that the extruders are preferably arranged coaxially, with the sealing rolls 13 normal to this axis, to produce a laminate having a uniform overall thickness and the same proportions of the two components across its width. The thermoplastic material is suitably polyethylene, and if two extruders are used, a laminate of black and white polyethylene e.g. for packaging milk, may be produced.
Patent GB-961232-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of high molecular weight plastics with improved flame resistance
Inventor: HAHN HEINRICH
IPC: C08K5/03
Filed: 1961-12-18
Abstract: A flame proof polyethylene composition comprises octabromodiphenyl, antimony trioxide, and, in the examples, carbon black.  The composition finds application for building equipment, for pipes carrying liquids and for insulating electric conduits.
Patent GB-963374-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the measurement of earth resistance
Inventor: CHU TSUNG YIN
IPC: G01R27/18
Filed: 1961-12-18
Abstract: 963,374. Resistance measuring. EVERSHED &VIGNOLES Ltd. Nov. 27, 1962 [Dec. 18, 1961; April 19, 1962],Nos. 45266/61 and 15306/62. Heading G1U. In an arrangement for measuring earth resistance, alternating current is supplied to the earth circuit X under test from a source 1 which is in series with the primary winding of a current transformer 2. The secondary circuit of the transformer includes a series pair of variable resistances R1, R2 which are ganged together so that as one is increased the other is decreased to give a substantially constant total resistance across the secondary winding. One of the resistance R2 is connected so that the potential across it opposes that tapped off from the two test points in the earth circuit, and a galvanometer G is provided to indicate the balance between the two potentials. In one embodiment two mechanical rectifiers 6 and 9 mounted on the shafts of the alternator 1 ensure that the potentials compared are direct. Alternatively the alternating potentials may be compared and the resultant of this comparison rectified before being passed to the galvanometer (Fig. 2, not shown). This alternative permits the inclusion of an amplifier 31 (Fig. 3,) in the path of the compared signals, so that a much smaller test current may be used in the apparatus. This amplifier may be energized from a battery 32 or from a second winding on the alternator 1 (after suitable rectification of the output from this winding (Fig. 4, not shown). The variable ganged resistances R1, R2 may in fact be switched decade bank resistances (Fig. 5, not shown). The second Provisional Specification indicates that the amplifier 31 is transistorised. In carrying out a test the ganged resistances R1, R2 are adjusted until a balance indication is given on the galvanometer G and the value of R2, which is calibrated, is then related to the earth resistance being measured. The arrangement of the resistances R1, R2 is such as to impose a constant load on the transformer 3 so that inaccuracies caused by adjusting this whilst carrying out a test are avoided. Specification 688,995 is referred to.
Patent GB-1019046-A (GB)
Title: Tube interconnection devices
Inventor: BUCKMAN KENNETH ERNEST
IPC: F02M35/10
Filed: 1963-11-16
Abstract: 1,019,046. Clamps. GENERAL MOTORS Ltd. Oct. 22, 1964 [Nov. 16, 1963], No. 45327/63 Heading E2B. [Also in Division F1] A combined connector and clamp device for interconnecting a pair of tube members comprises a sheet metal strip curved to form a substantially cylindrical tube at one end of which, the end portions 9, 10 of the strip overlap each other and at the other end of which other end portions 11, 12 of the strip are formed as outwardly extending arms spaced from each other and provided with a screw and nut device by which the arms can be drawn together to reduce the internal diameter of the tube at said other end. As shown the overlapped end portions 9, 10 are arranged so that the overlap is not in alignment with the gap between the portions 11, 12. The screw and nut device as shown consist of a nut and bolt but in a modification a screw which engages a threaded hole in one of the portions 11, 12 is used. The device can be used for securing an air cleaner to a carburetter intake tube in which case the end portion of the tube having the overlapping portions 9, 10 is secured by welding to a stub tube of the air cleaner.
Patent GB-1515662-A (GB)
Title: Transducers
IPC: G01L9/00
Filed: 1972-10-03
Abstract: 1515662 Pressure gauges: fluid-pressure transducers KDG INSTRUMENTS Ltd 3 Jan 1974 [3 Oct 1972] 45483/72 Headings G1L and G1N A pressure transducer for use immersed in sea water comprises a housing with a resilient wall, movement of which accompanies a response of the transducer, the wall being formed of a berylliumcopper alloy coated on that area exposed to sea water with gold, e.g. by electro-plating, as a protection against corrosion. Such a transducer, shown in Fig. 2, comprises an outer casing 10 within which fits a shell 11, sea water being admitted via a central bore 13 at one end. The shell is sealed at the end facing bore 13 by a plug 17 and screwed within a central opening of this plug is a boss 20, to the outer end of which is secured, as by brazing, one diaphragm 21a of a nesting type pressure capsule 21, the other diaphragm 21b of which is attached to a spring- loaded plunger 22 passing through a central opening in the boss 20. Plunger 22 is connected via an arm 24 to a wiper arm 27 movable over a resistance element 28. Terminals 29 are provided in the end-wall of the shell 11 for connection to the resistance element 28. The interior of the shell 11, and the interior of the capsule 21, are brought to a low pressure via an exhaust tube (not shown) which is then sealed. The deflection of capsule 21 is a measure of the absolute pressure applied to its external surface through bore 13. The diaphragms 21a, 21b of the capsule 21 are formed from a beryllium-copper alloy which is electro-plated with gold. In order to verify that the gold layer is complete, the capsule after plating is made the anode in a dilute solution of ammonium sulphate in dilute ammonium hydroxide with a noble metal, preferably gold, as cathode. If a voltage of up to 1À5V is applied between the two electrodes, any pin holes in the gold plating, or any other area where copper is exposed to the electrolyte, become subject to electrolytic action and produce striae of a bright blue cuprammonium complex which is readily visible.
Patent GB-1394315-A (GB)
Title: Sealing arrangement for the cylinder head of ic engines
IPC: F16J15/06
Filed: 1973-09-28
Abstract: 1394315 I C engine cylinders MOTOREN-UND TURBINEN-UNION FRIEDRICHSHAFEN GmbH 28 Sept 1973 [29 Sept 1972] 45549/73 Heading F1B [Also in Division F2] In a water-cooled I.C. engine having flanged cylinder liners 16, a seal between the cylinder head 14, liner 16 and crank-case 13 is effected by a flat gasket 11 which rests on the crank-case and which is engaged by both the cylinder head 14 and the liner flange 15, the flange 15 being forced against the gasket by the direct contact of the flange with the base surface of a recess formed in the cylinder head. The gasket is aluminium and contains rubber rings 19, vulcanized into apertures in the gasket, which form seals around coolant passages 18, the rubber rings having a slightly greater thickness than the gasket.
Patent GB-1416144-A (GB)
Title: Polymer blends containing cyclic ester polymers
IPC: C08L1/00
Filed: 1972-10-03
Abstract: 1416144 Lactone polymer compositions UNION CARBIDE CORP 3 Oct 1972 45629/72 Headings C3R C3P C3B and C3F A composition comprises (a) 1 to 95 weight per cent of a lactone polymer having a reduced viscosity of 0À1 to 15 and consisting of 100 to 5 mole per cent of units of the formula where each R is hydrogen, alkyl, halo or alkoxy, A is an oxy group, x and y are 1 to 4 and z is 0 or 1, with the proviso that (i) the sum of x+y+z is from 4 to 7 and (ii) the total number of R groups which are other than hydrogen does not exceed 3, and 0 to 95 mole per cent of units of the formula where each R<SP>1</SP> is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or chloroalkyl and (b) 5 to 99 weight per cent of a thermoplastic polymer consisting of a polyoxyalkylene, a polycarbonate, a polyamide, a polypeptide, a polyurethane, a poly-(hydroxyether), a polyimide, a polyurea, a polysulphone, a polyester, an organic ester or ether of cellulose or a polymer or copolymer of an olefinically unsaturated monomer having no more than one hydrogen on each carbon of the olefinically unsaturated group. The examples describe compositions comprising (i) polycaprolactone and (a) a poly-(hydroxyether) derived from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, (b) a polysulphone derived from bisphenol A and di-(pchlorophenyl) sulphone, (c) a polycarbonate derived from bisphenol A, (d) a polyoxymethylene or polyoxyethylene, (e) a maleic anhydridemethyl vinyl ether copolymer, (f) cellulose tridecanoate, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose di- and tri-acetates, acetylated ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate, (g) nylon 6, (h) a chlorinated polyether having units of the formula (i) poly-(epichlorohydrin), (j) epichlorohydrinethylene oxide copolymer and (k) a polyurethane derived from polycaprolactone diol, 1,4- butanediol or 1,5-pentanediol and 4,4<SP>1</SP>-diphenyhnethane diisocyanate, and (ii) a polymer prepared from #-caprolactone and polyoxyethylene glycol blended with nylon 6.
Patent GB-1442359-A (GB)
Title: Direct current converter
IPC: H02M7/538
Filed: 1973-10-01
Abstract: 1442359 D.C.-D.C. converters HARTMANN & BRAUN AG 1 Oct 1973 [7 Oct 1972] 45768/73 Heading H2F [Also in Division H3] In a D.C. converter responsive to a D.C. signal at 11 to feed a corresponding signal to a measuring device 10, with direct current isolation provided by transformer 7, the signal 11 is switched into the primary of transformer 7 by means of switch devices, e.g. transistors 5, 6 under control of a self-oscillating stage 1, an impedance element 13 is included in the current path from the input terminals 11 and develops a voltage for supplying power to the self-oscillating stage 1. As described, the input signal current from terminals 11 developes a constant voltage across Zener diode 13 which supplies a voltage U to the self-oscillating stage 1. Transistors 5, 6 alternately switch the input current to opposite sides of the primary of transformer 11, the resulting secondary voltage being rectified at 8 and fed to a data logger or indicator 10. FET 16 is normally maintained non-conductive by rectifying, at 19, the output from the oscillator 1 but, when starting, or after the input current is restored after falling to zero, FET 16 becomes inherently conductive so as to provide a current between terminals 11, via Zener diode 13 so as to permit the oscillator 1 to restart. FET 16 may be replaced by a capacitor. In Fig. 1 (not shown) Zener diode 13 is replaced by three semi-conductor diodes in series.
Patent GB-963603-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for making enlarged photographic prints from negatives
Inventor: JACOBSON KURT ISRAEL
IPC: G03B17/50
Filed: 1961-12-21
Abstract: 963,603. Photographic enlarging apparatus. PAVELLE Ltd. Jan. 17, 1963 [Dec. 21, 1961(2)], Nos. 45874/61 and 45875/61. Heading G2A. A photographic enlarger comprises also a printing station and a processing tank, individual frames of the exposed printing paper being conveyed through the tank, which has two compartments, and then to an exit; the whole apparatus is enclosed in a substantially light-proof casing. As shown, the casing comprises a rear housing 4 and a front housing 3, formed as a unitary structure on a common base 5, and separated internally by a light-proof partition 15. In the rear housing is mounted the projection lamp 6, heat filters 13, condenser lens 10, and the negative carrier 11. The front wall of housing 4 is rearwardly inclined for ease of viewing the negative carrier. The front housing has an aperture 16, immediately behind which is an optical system comprising lens 17, light stop 19, and three colour filters 18 for use in colour printing. The front housing also contains the printing station 20, the printing paper passing from a supply spool 24 between guides 21, 23, where the exposure is made by opening a shutter 32. The exposed sheet is then severed by a cutter 53, and is conveyed through an opening 54 into the processing tank 2, which may be removable. This is formed as two separate compartments, holding developer and fixing solutions respectively. The paper is conveyed through these by rollers, and then passes out of the apparatus by an exit slot 47. Instead of a continuous roll, the paper may be supplied in the form of cut sheets. The printing station is accessible from the front by means of a hinged cover 27, but when this is closed the whole apparatus is substantially light-proof, and may be used without a dark room. A fine focus adjustment can be provided, although the apparatus is in effect a fixed focus enlarger. However, changeable objective lenses may be provided, and also changeable negative carriers.
Patent GB-1015006-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to control means for electric motors
Inventor: GURWICZ DAVID
IPC: H02P7/28
Filed: 1963-11-22
Abstract: 1,015,006. Control of D.C. motors. SEVCON ENGINEERING Ltd. Oct. 8, 1964 [Nov. 22, 1963], No. 46121/63. Heading H2J. Relates to a system in which a controlled rectifier pulse generator circuit CG including a capacitor is connected between a battery and a motor to be controlled, the pulse frequency being adjusted to regulate the mean power applied to the motor. A diode D 1  maintains the current through the motor during the interpulse periods. The motor is braked by reversing its armature connections, the generated current passing through diode D 2 . Circuit elements R 1 , R 2 , C 1 , sample the voltage across the diode D 2  and smooth the detected voltage for controlling transistor TR 1 . The output of the transistor is applied to the circuit CG for keeping the pulse rate at a low level during the braking period In another arrangement, the field of the motor is reversed instead of the armature.
Patent GB-1268516-A (GB)
Title: Sample and hold voltage circuit for controlling variably energized load
Inventor: LUTZ FRITZ NORMAN
IPC: H02P25/10
Filed: 1969-09-18
Abstract: 1,268,516. Automatic control of speed and voltage. WARNER & SWASEY CO. Sept. 18, 1969 [Dec.9, 1968], No.46153/69. Heading G3R. A counter-EMF producing load, such as a motor or a battery being charged, is controlled by a system which samples the counter-EMF, only when the load current is less than a predetermined value. In the circuit of Fig. 2, a motor 15a is energized by a single or polyphase A. C. source 10a through antiparallel thyristors 11a, and is connected in series with a current-sensing impedance 30. When driving current is flowing in the motor, an operational amplifier 44 receives an input from the impedance 30 which is converted into a negative output to maintain a field effect transistor 54 non-conductive. However, when the motor current falls below a certain value, the effective input to the amplifier 44 becomes a negative bias voltage 50, this voltage being inverted to give a positive output which is blocked by a diode 56 to allow the transistor 54 to conduct. A capacitor 55 is now charged to a voltage proportional to the counter-EMF of the motor, and the resulting potential is compared with a reference in a feedback circuit 35, the output of which controls the firing of the thyristors 11a to regulate the motor. A time delay circuit 70 may be included in a polyphase system to delay firing of the thyristors until the capacitor 55 has had sufficient time to charge fully.
Patent GB-1466654-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of unsaturated carboxylic acids
IPC: C07C67/00
Filed: 1975-11-07
Abstract: 1466654 Oxidation catalyst MONTEDISON SpA 7 Nov 1975 [12 Nov 1974] 46225/75 Heading B1E [Also in Division C2] Catalyst compositions consisting of molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten and one or more of silver, titanium, chromium, cerium, lanthanum and tantalum with chemically combined oxygen, of emperical formula in which a is 0.5-10, b 0.5-8, c is 0 or 0.1-3, d, e, f, g and h are each 0 or 0.3-4, and at least one of c-h is other than 0, and when more than one of c to h is other than 0, c + h does not exceed 8, and i is to satisfy the valency requirements, are used in the vapour phase oxidation of (meth)acrolein to (meth)acrylic acid. The catalysts may be unsupported or on a carrier such as silica, alumina, silica-alumina, silicon carbide or pumice. The catalysts may be prepared by conventional procedures such as mixing in aqueous solution followed by evaporation and calcination at 330-470 for two hours.
Patent GB-1005896-A (GB)
Title: The preparation of 2-hydroxymethylene and 2-methyl steroids and derivatives thereof
IPC: C07J1/00
Filed: 1963-11-28
Abstract: 2 - Hydroxymethylene - 3 - keto - steroids are produced by reaction of a compound of formula <FORM:1005896/C2/1> wherein each of R and R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, with ethyl formate in the presence of sodium methylate, sodium hydride or sodium amide, in a solvent selected from tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, and, if desired, are converted into the corresponding 2a -methyl compounds by hydrogenation in dioxane or tetrahydrofuran at atmospheric pressure in the presence of palladium on carbon and of gaseous hydrogen chloride, and the latter are, if desired, acylated in the 17-position, and/or converted into the corresponding azines by reaction with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of catalytic amounts of concentrated hydrochloric acid.  The azines have anabolic activity and are stated to be novel.