baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2022533806-A (JP)
Title: キメラ抗原受容体で修飾されたｎｋ－９２細胞
IPC: A61K48/00
Filed: 2019-05-21
Abstract: キメラ抗原受容体（ＣＡＲ）を発現するＮＫ－９２細胞が提供される。ＣＡＲは、ＦｃεＲＩγの細胞内ドメインを含み得る。さらに、ＮＫ－９２細胞を用いて治療可能である疾患、例えばがん又はウイルス感染を有する又は有することが疑われる患者を治療するための方法であって、ＮＫ－９２－ＣＡＲ細胞を患者に投与するステップを含む方法が記載される。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2021517950-A (JP)
Title: パーキングロックユニット、およびこのようなパーキングロックユニットを備えたトランスミッションアッセンブリ
IPC: F16H61/28
Filed: 2019-04-05
Abstract: 本発明は、自動車のトランスミッションアッセンブリ（１）のためのパーキングロックユニット（２）であって、パーキングロックギヤ（３）と、第１のばね装置（７）と、パーキングロックギヤ（３）の縦軸線（Ｌ１）に関して、第１のばね装置（７）の半径方向外側に配置されている第２のばね装置（１２）と、第１および第２のばね装置（７，１２）の間に半径方向可動に配置されていて、第１および第２のばね装置（７，１２）のうちの少なくとも一方によってばね負荷されている少なくとも１つのロックエレメント（６）と、パーキングロックギヤ（３）に対して同心的に配置されている支持スリーブ（１７）であって、この支持スリーブは、トランスミッションアッセンブリ（１）の構成部分に周方向で支持可能であって、さらに少なくとも１つのロックエレメント（６）が半径方向可動に配置されている少なくとも１つの開口（２０）を有している支持スリーブ（１７）と、を有しているパーキングロックユニット（２）に関し、縦軸線（Ｌ１）を中心とした操作リング（２１）の回転により、少なくとも１つのロックエレメント（６）は半径方向内側に向かってロック位置へと、かつ半径方向外側に向かって解放位置へと移動可能である。
Patent JP-2021522305-A (JP)
Title: 安定した医薬製剤
IPC: A61K47/18
Filed: 2019-05-06
Abstract: 本発明は、（トランス）−N1−（（1R,2S）−2−フェニルシクロプロピル）シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジアミンの医薬組成物、その調製プロセス、および疾患の治療におけるその使用に関する。
Patent JP-2021523786-A (JP)
Title: 食品を加工するための家庭用機器及びそのためのスプラッシュガード
IPC: A47J43/044
Filed: 2019-04-12
Abstract: 本発明は食品を加工するための家庭用機器（１０）に関し、家庭用機器（１０）は：− ボウル（１２）であって、食品を前記ボウル内に導入する開口（１２’）を有し、ボウル（１２）内には食品を加工するためのツールを装入することができる、ボウルと、− スプラッシュガード（１４）であって、スプラッシュガード（１４）の境界領域（１４’）が開口（１２’）の内壁に対向するように、ボウル（１２）の開口（１２’）内に装入されることができ、食品がボウル（１２）の外に飛び散るのを防止するスプラッシュガード（１４）と、− カバー（１６）であって、スプラッシュガード（１４）がボウル（１２）の開口（１２’）内に装入された後に、ボウル（１２）の開口（１２’）内に装入されることができる、カバー（１６）と、を備え、スプラッシュガード（１４）は、実質的に平坦に延在し、境界領域（１４’）で終わるプレート（１５）を備える。
Patent JP-2021524816-A (JP)
Title: 印刷施釉統合型プリンタ
IPC: B41J2/01
Filed: 2019-05-28
Abstract: 本願は、印刷施釉統合型プリンタを開示し、前記プリンタは、印刷領域と施釉領域に分けられており、前記印刷領域と施釉領域を順に貫通する搬送プラットフォームと、印刷領域に設置され、搬送プラットフォームの上方に位置する印刷システムと、施釉領域に設置され、搬送プラットフォームの上方に位置し、少なくとも１対の全幅印刷チャネルを含む施釉システムとを含む。本願は、従来の幕掛け及び吹き掛けの代わりに印刷方式を用いることで、精細化生産を実現することができ、釉薬の使用量を大幅に削減し、釉薬の利用率がほぼ１００％に達し、大量の廃物の発生を避け、施釉プロセスはミクロンレベルまで正確であり、作業環境に汚染を引き起こすことはない。印刷プロセスと施釉プロセスを同じプリンタに組み合わせ、同じ搬送プラットフォームで印刷媒体を搬送し、一回の位置決めで印刷と施釉を完了できるため、印刷領域と施釉領域の重なりが大きくなり、印刷品質が向上する。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2021530103-A (JP)
Title: インチップヒートシンクを有する集積回路ダイ
IPC: H01L25/18
Filed: 2019-06-28
Abstract: インチップヒートシンク１１２を有する集積回路ダイ１１４、１１６を備える方法および装置、ならびに、集積回路ダイを有する電子デバイスおよびチップパッケージ、ならびにチップパッケージを製造するための方法を提供する。一例では、集積回路ダイ１１４、１１６は、高熱を発生する集積回路デバイスをダイ１１４、１１６内に配設された他の集積回路デバイスから分離するインチップヒートシンク１１２を有する。インチップヒートシンク１１２は、ダイ１１４、１１６の内部から少なくとも１つの露出したダイ表面まで、高電導性の伝熱経路を設ける。
Patent JP-2022106154-A (JP)
Title: Modified epoxy resin, and paint composition
Inventor: HOSOKAWA HIROYUKI
IPC: C09D7/61
Filed: 2021-01-06
Abstract: To provide a modified epoxy resin and a paint composition capable of forming a coating film of adhesion durability.SOLUTION: A modified epoxy resin has a molecular structure obtained by reacting a solid epoxy resin (a1), a liquid epoxy compound (a2), an amine (b), and a polyvalent carboxylic acid (c). A paint composition contains the modified epoxy resin.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2021073388-A (JP)
Title: System for monitoring physical parameters of textile machinery and method for predictive maintenance
Inventor: CRISTIAN LOCATELLI
IPC: D01H13/32
Filed: 2021-01-13
Abstract: To provide a system for monitoring an operation of textile machinery in a spinning line for the implementation of a reliable predictive maintenance system.SOLUTION: A monitoring system for a spinning line 1 is a method of identifying malfunctions or degradation of operation of the textile machine including: a detection device associated with a textile machine in order to realize predictive maintenance; main storage means 60 located in a control room remote to the spinning line; remote processing means 80 operatively connected to the main storage means for processing a large amount of data (big data); and correlating trends in the collected and/or condition data of the textile machine in order to achieve predictive maintenance based on the large amount of data (big data).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2022108911-A (JP)
Title: Travel support method and travel support device
Inventor: ODA TAKASHI
IPC: B60W30/045
Filed: 2021-01-14
Abstract: To reduce deceleration of an own vehicle when controlling oversteer behavior of the own vehicle.SOLUTION: When an own vehicle shows oversteer behavior, a controller performs travel support of the own vehicle 1 by curbing the oversteer behavior to stabilize behavior of the own vehicle 1. The controller can reduce front wheel lateral force Fyf by limiting a magnitude to resultant vector Fr through a front wheel friction circle Cf with drive force of the front wheels 2F increased. Also, the front wheel lateral force Fyf can be effectively reduced further because, when the own vehicle 1 is accelerated with the drive force of the front wheels 2F increased, a load is shifted backward and thereby reducing the front wheel friction circle Cf. A travel support method: determines whether or not a vehicle shows the oversteer behavior (S4); and, when determining that the vehicle shows the oversteer behavior, reduces lateral force acting on front wheels with the drive force of the front wheels of the vehicle increased (S5 to S11).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6
Patent JP-2022111765-A (JP)
Title: Silicon nitride film forming method and film forming apparatus
Inventor: KAGAYA MUNEHITO
IPC: C23C16/42
Filed: 2021-01-20
Abstract: To provide a technique capable of embedding a high-quality silicon nitride film in a recess.SOLUTION: A silicon nitride film forming method according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a method for forming a silicon nitride film in a recess formed on a surface of a substrate includes the steps of: exposing the substrate to plasma generated from adsorption-inhibiting gas containing halogen gas and non-halogen gas to form an adsorption-inhibiting region; adsorbing silicon-containing gas to a region excluding the adsorption-inhibition region; and exposing the substrate to which the silicon-containing gas has been adsorbed to plasma generated from nitrogen-containing gas to form a silicon nitride film.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2022045312-A (JP)
Title: Cleansing wastewater treatment apparatus for marine exhaust gas
IPC: B63H21/32
Filed: 2021-01-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a cleansing wastewater treatment apparatus for a marine exhaust gas capable of purifying scrubber contaminated water and lowering SS concentration and oil concentration to such a level as to be disposed into the ocean. 
     CONSTITUTION: A cleansing wastewater treatment apparatus includes an exhaust gas re-circulation unit 1 and a buffer tank 5 configured to store scrubber waste water. The apparatus further includes: a scrubber circulatory system for scrubber water and scrubber waste water circulating at a pressure higher than an atmospheric pressure via a circulation pump 3 between the buffer tank 5 and the exhaust gas re-circulation unit 1; and a solid-liquid separation machine composed of a centrifugal separator and a deposition apparatus and configured to introduce the scrubber waste water inside the buffer tank 5 to separate into separated liquid and a solid content. A solid-liquid separation circulatory system is formed by a waste water feeder pipe 14 and a return pipe 16. The buffer tank 5 includes the scrubber circulatory system and the solid-liquid separation circulatory system formed independently. Scrubber water to be supplied to the exhaust gas re-circulation unit 1 from the buffer tank 5 in the scrubber circulatory system contains scrubber water purified at the solid-liquid separation circulatory system. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2022112339-A (JP)
Title: Processing device
Inventor: SHINOHARA TAKEHIRO
IPC: B24B27/06
Filed: 2021-01-21
Abstract: To provide a processing device which is capable of improving the quality of a processed product by suppressing a positional change of a groove due to thermal expansion of a resin layer of a main roller and, at the same time, is capable of improving the production efficiency of the processed product by performing groove reproduction efficiently.SOLUTION: A processing device 2 includes a main roller 6 formed of a number of grooves 26 to which a wire 1 is wound over, spirally along a circumferential direction and at a predetermined interval P in an axial line direction X. Therein, the main roller 6 has a shaft part 20, a resin layer 22 which covers an outer circumferential surface 20a of the shaft part 20 and, at the same time, is formed of a number of the grooves 26 and a holding part 24 which holds the resin layer 22 in the axial line direction X, on the resin layer 22, it is permitted that a number of reproduction grooves 26 are formed by stripping off a surface layer of the resin layer 22 along its outer periphery by the use of groove reproduction means 30, and a groove formation width L1 in the axial line direction X in which a number of the grooves 26 and reproduction grooves 26 are formed on the resin layer 22 is smaller than a resin formation width L in the axial line direction X of the resin layer 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2022112668-A (JP)
Title: Liquid discharge device, control method of the liquid discharge device, and control program of the liquid discharge device
Inventor: KOSUGE HIROYUKI
IPC: B41J2/01
Filed: 2021-01-22
Abstract: To solve a possible problem of occurring shear failure such as breakage of a paper sheet when the paper sheet printed by using a liquid is sheared.SOLUTION: A recording system 1 includes a discharge part 22, a heating part 50, a post-processing unit 30, and control part 24. The discharge part 22 discharges ink Q on a paper sheet P. The heating part 50 heats the paper sheet P on which the ink Q is discharged. The post-processing unit 30 shears the paper sheet P. The control part 24 controls the discharge part 22 and heating part 50 on the basis of input information. The control part 24 controls operation of the heating part 50 so that a part of the paper sheet P which is sheared is included in a first area SA which is dried by heating with the heating part 50. A second area SB of the paper sheet P is not sheared.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2022067034-A (JP)
Title: Automatic fryer
Inventor: ISHIKAWA SATOYUKI
IPC: A47J37/12
Filed: 2021-01-22
Abstract: To provide an automatic fryer having such characteristics that it is not troublesome to collect fried dregs, and it is easy to wipe and clean an oil tank.SOLUTION: A fryer 1 includes: an oil tank 6 for storing oil to fry food materials F; a food material feeding mechanism 4 for feeding the food materials F in the oil tank 6; and an IH coil 81 for heating the oil tank 6, arranged below an oil tank bottom face. The oil tank 6 is attached with a dregs accumulating part 63 lower by one stage than a bottom 61b of the oil tank, a part of the bottom 61b where the IH coil 81 is arranged, is made of a magnetic material, and the dregs accumulating part 63 constitutes a cool zone made of a non-magnetic material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2022115014-A (JP)
Title: Assembly type box body and assembly method
Inventor: SHIMAMOTO SATOSHI
IPC: B65D19/06
Filed: 2021-01-27
Abstract: To provide an inexpensive assembly type box body which can be easily assembled, with which it is easy to put in and take out articles in assembled state, which is good at stacking strength and light in weight.SOLUTION: It includes a male unit 30 having a pair of side wall panels 31, 32 and a female unit 40 having a pair of side wall panels 41, 42, the male unit 30 and the female unit 40 have a structure in which the pairs of side wall panels 31, 41 and 32, 42 that make up the structure are connected in a manner that opening and closing are possible, the pair of sidewall panels 31, 32 of the male unit 30 and the pair of sidewall panels 41, 42 of the female unit 40 are assembled, and it is structured as such that either the pair of assembled side wall panels 31, 41 or 32, 42 can be opened and closed to allow storage items to be put in and taken out from the assembled box body 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2022117593-A (JP)
Title: Method for evaluating test substance using intestinal epithelial cells in process of differentiation
Inventor: IMAKURA Yuki
IPC: C12Q1/02
Filed: 2021-02-01
Abstract: To provide a method for accurately, stably and simply evaluating an influence of a test substance on a differentiation tropism of intestinal epithelial cells using intestinal epithelial cells in process of differentiation.SOLUTION: In a process of differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal stem cells to mature intestinal epithelial cells, a solution containing a test substance is added, and the test substance is evaluated.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2022085808-A (JP)
Title: Animal shampoo with antibacterial function and manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: LI YUELONG
IPC: A61K8/42
Filed: 2021-02-02
Abstract: To provide animal shampoos with an antibacterial function, and to provide manufacturing methods thereof.SOLUTION: An animal shampoo with an antibacterial function has a total mass of 100 pts.mass, comprising each component of 1 to 5 pts.mass of antifungal agent, 1 to 5 pts.mass of an antibacterial agent, 4 to 16 pts.mass of alkyl glycoside, 10 to 34 pts.mass of cocamidopropyl betaine, 2 to 10 pts.mass of a compound thickener, 0.1 to 2 pts.mass of a chelating agent, 1 to 5 pts.mass of a cooking agent, 0.01 to 1 pts.mass of a preservative, and a remaining amount of deionized water.EFFECT: By using alkyl glycoside as a main solvent and cocamidopropyl betaine as an auxiliary solvent, the dissolving effect of antifungal agents is increased and the higher antibacterial effect of shampoo agents can be promoted, and by using a compounded thickener at the same time, the ideal consistency of a shampoo system can be achieved and more stabilized.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2022122148-A (JP)
Title: game machine
Inventor: KAWAKAMI TAKEO
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2021-02-09
Abstract: To efficiently utilize capacity of a storage.SOLUTION: A game machine includes: control means; and first plural data tables that can be accessed. The first respective data tables include one portion of data that the control means should acquire, and has data structure capable of designating the data that should be acquired.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 182
Patent JP-2021131856-A (JP)
Title: Digital failure injection detector
Inventor: YUVAL KIRSCHNER
IPC: H01L27/04
Filed: 2021-02-10
Abstract: To provide a digital failure injection detector.SOLUTION: A secure integrated circuit (IC) has a function circuit and a protection circuit for protecting the function circuit for countering failure injection attack. The protection circuit has a plurality of digital detection cells and a protection logic. The detection cell has corresponding input and output and forms at least one chain with an output and input connection system. A predetermined detection cell in the chain is provided for failure injection attack and drives an input of the succeeding detection cell in the chain and switches (toggles) an output, thereby prevailing a pulse along the chain. The protection logic is provided to receive the pulse from the chain and to activate a counter operation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2021098702-A (JP)
Title: Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator (SPRM) Regimen
Inventor: CHRISTIAN SEITZ
IPC: A61P15/00
Filed: 2021-02-10
Abstract: To provide methods for treating uterine fibroid and reducing size and related symptoms of uterine fibroid as well as methods for treating heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB).SOLUTION: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a progesterone receptor antagonist, namely (11β,17β)-17-hydroxy-11-[4- (methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-17-(pentafluoroethyl)estra-4,9-diene-3-one for treatment and/or prophylaxis of uterine fibroids (myomas, uterine leiomyoma) that is administered to a patient diagnosed with uterine fibroid following a specific regimen. Additionally, the invention is directed to a method for treating uterine fibroids (myomas, uterine leiomyoma) and/or for reducing size and related symptoms of uterine fibroids (myomas, uterine leiomyoma) following a specific regimen, as well as treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2022126983-A (JP)
Title: Acceleration monitoring device, acceleration monitoring method and program
Inventor: KAWAUCHI AKIHISA
IPC: B61L25/02
Filed: 2021-02-19
Abstract: To provide an acceleration monitoring device capable of specifying a position with high accuracy, an acceleration monitoring method and a program.SOLUTION: An acceleration monitoring device includes an acquisition part for acquiring a measurement acceleration waveform being an acceleration waveform measured in a vehicle traveling on a track, a storage part for storing a reference acceleration waveform being an acceleration waveform to be a reference to the measurement acceleration waveform about a predetermined region of interest being a partial region of the track, and a monitoring part for monitoring an acceleration value of a nonlinear extension and contraction measurement acceleration waveform being an acceleration waveform corresponding to the reference acceleration waveform by nonlinearly extending and contracting a time base of the measurement acceleration waveform.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2021099828-A (JP)
Title: Refrigerant management system, program, and refrigerant management method
Inventor: YAGI ASUKA
IPC: G06Q10/00
Filed: 2021-02-22
Abstract: To provide a refrigerant management system, a program, and a refrigerant management method that can manage the amount of a refrigerant used by a refrigerant using apparatus.SOLUTION: In a refrigerant management system, a management server 20 has a control unit 26 including an acquisition unit 21 and a generation unit 23. The acquisition unit 21 acquires first information, the amount of the refrigerant having been filled, and the amount of the refrigerant used, the first information including apparatus specifying information for specifying a refrigerant using apparatus, vendor information on a vendor who works on the refrigerant using apparatus, and refrigerant additional filling amount information including the amount of the refrigerant having been additionally filled into the refrigerant using apparatus. The generation unit 23 generates second information as information obtained by associating the refrigerant usage amount with the vendor, by using the refrigerant usage amount and the vendor information of the first information.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2022128930-A (JP)
Title: Terminal control system, controller, terminal control method and terminal control program
Inventor: KUDO RIICHI
IPC: G06N20/00
Filed: 2021-02-24
Abstract: To improve the quality of radio communication with terminals.SOLUTION: A terminal control system comprises at least one radio communication device 101 which performs radio communication with a plurality of terminals 2i, and a controller 110 which controls the terminals 2i. The controller 110 comprises: a collection unit 102 which collects terminal information including state information of the terminals 2i; and a control unit 103 which inputs the terminal information into a control model 106 for improving a target parameter related to the radio communication obtained by the radio communication device 101, and generates control information for controlling at least one of operation of the terminals 2i, and communication setting of the radio communication device 101 or the terminals 2i by using an output value of the control model.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2022130918-A (JP)
Title: game machine
Inventor: TANAKA TAKAHISA
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2021-02-26
Abstract: To provide a game machine capable of increasing interest in a game.SOLUTION: A game machine includes a base member (lower base member C4100), a storage member capable of storing game media (game balls), a first wiring member C4181 (binding wiring member C4180) connectable to a first connector C4161, a second wiring member C4182 (binding wiring member C4180) connectable to a second connector C4162, and a third wiring member C4183 (binding wiring member C4180) connectable to a third connector C4171.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 357
Patent JP-2022137911-A (JP)
Title: Frequency sweep amount measuring device and method for optical frequency comb
Inventor: KUZE NAOYA
IPC: G01M11/00
Filed: 2021-03-09
Abstract: To provide a frequency sweep amount measuring device for an optical frequency comb that reduces its size and allows measurement of an amount of all comb mode frequency sweeps at low cost, and a frequency sweep amount measuring method for the same.SOLUTION: A frequency sweep amount measuring device for an optical frequency comb comprises: an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer that outputs output light in which an optical frequency comb and an optical frequency comb delayed by a time τ are caused to interfere; two band-pass filters that transmit an N-th comb mode and an M-th comb mode, respectively; two photodetectors that detect light output from the two band-pass filters; and a signal processing apparatus that calculates an amount of comb mode frequency sweep from signals from the two photodetectors. The signal processing apparatus calculates the amount of change in an N-th comb mode frequency δφN and the amount of change in an M-th comb mode frequency δφM according to relationships of δνN=1/τ×(δφN/2π) and δνM=1/τ×(δφM/2π) by using the amount of change in the N-th comb mode δνN and the amount of change in the M-th comb mode δνM, in a phase of a waveform of the interference, and calculates an amount of sweep δνK in an arbitrary comb mode frequency.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2022140956-A (JP)
Title: nail art toy
Inventor: TODOKORO SHINJI
IPC: A63H33/00
Filed: 2021-03-15
Abstract: To provide a nail art toy enabling a user to enjoy applying nail art to the nail itself as a play.SOLUTION: A nail art toy includes a pressing operation part above a toy body part with a cartridge storing a seal tape removable, has an insertion hole 23 on a front surface side, has a finger placing part 61 below inside the insertion hole 23, places a part of the seal tape above a finger placing part 61, has a pressing bar 105 above a part of the seal tape, and lowers the pressing bar 105 and can transfer a pattern of the seal tape to the nail of the finger placed on the finger placing part 61. The toy is provided with a transmission rotary place rotating by following a vertical motion of the pressing bar 105. The toy has a winding rotary shaft 140 which follows only rotation in one direction of rotation of the transmission rotary plate by a ratchet mechanism. The winding rotary shaft 140 is provided with a reverse rotation prevention plate 145. By the reverse rotation prevention plate 145 and a reverse rotation prevention body 151, the winding rotary shaft 140 is rotatable in only one direction following the transmission rotary plate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2022143320-A (JP)
Title: choke coil
Inventor: SATO TSUTOMU
IPC: H01F27/24
Filed: 2021-03-17
Abstract: To provide a choke coil that can be made smaller, higher output, and higher performance than before.SOLUTION: A choke coil includes two winding shafts 1, 1C, 2, and 2C around which coils CL11 and CL12 are respectively wound via bobbins B11 and B12, two common shafts 3 and 3C and common shaft 4 and common shaft 4C, and connecting portion 5 and connecting portion 5C, and further includes two cores C11 and C12 used facing each other, bobbin B11 and bobbin B12, and coil CL11 and coil CL12, and a gap G3 and a gap G4 having a length corresponding to the value of the normal mode inductance to be provided as the choke coil CK1 are provided between the common shaft 3 and the common shaft 3C and between the common shaft 4 and the common shaft 4C.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1