Patent GB-1023116-A (GB)
Title: Lens surface generator
IPC: B23Q35/10
Filed: 1964-06-19
Abstract: 1,023,116. Grinding. D. VOLK. June 19, 1964 [July 2, 1963], No. 25428/64. Heading B3D. [Also in Division G2] A method of generating an optical surface comprises grinding a body in the plane of the principal section of the surface and controlling the grinding by using as a pattern a portion of an inclined generally circular cam projected on a plane in the position of the principal section of the surface to be generated. The body may be of glass, metal or plastic to form a lens, mirror, mould for a lens, or a cam, tool or lap for use in a machine for generating surfaces of revolution, or may be of sheet metal which has its edge shaped to form a template for use in a machine for grinding lenses. To form a lens, mirror or mould, the body 26b, Fig. 1, is mounted on a holder 26a having a shaft 27 driven by an electric motor 30 carried by a bracket 28 mounted on a support 29, the bracket being adjustable about a pivot 72 on the bracket by a pin 75 engaging one or other of a plurality of holes in the support. The cam consists of part of a circular disc 19<SP>1</SP> which may have an edge 190 of sharp, circular or elliptical toric form and is mounted on a pin 32 rotatably adjustable in a bearing 33 on a member 34 which, in turn, is rotatably adjustable on an upstanding column 37. The column is vertically adjustable on a base 38 by a rack-and-pinion mechanism 37b, 39 and the base is transversely adjustable on a bed 25 by a hand wheel 47 connected to a screw-and-nut mechanism. The cam can be adjusted in azimuth by rotation of the pin 32 in the bearing and in inclination by rotation of the member 34 on the column 37, scales 35, 43 permitting the setting in azimuth and inclination to be determined. The cam is engaged by a follower 48 in the form of a sleeve rotatable in bearings in an intermediate sleeve which is rotatable on bearings on a shaft 49 at one end carrying the grinding wheel 50, which may have a cylindrical or toric edge and have the same or different diameter to that of the cam, and at the other end has a pulley 66 connected by a belt 65 to a motor 63 mounted on a pair of arms 62 supporting the shaft 49 and connected by a strap 55 to the intermediate sleeve. The arms 62 are connected by a pivot shaft 61 to a further pair of arms 59 which are movable about a pivot shaft 58 mounted in bearings 52 on the bed 25 by a screw 69 in threaded engagement with a nut 70 mounted on one of the arms, the screw being rotatable in a bearing on a bracket 68 upstanding from the bed. The weight of the motor 63, arms 62, shaft 49, cam follower 48 and grinding wheel 50 is partly balanced by a weight 67. In operation, the cam 19<SP>1</SP> is adjusted to the desired inclination and azimuth settings using the scales 35 and 43 and the base 38 is adjusted by the handwheel 47. The cam follower is then moved over the cam 19<SP>1</SP> by operation of the screw 69 so that the grinding wheel forms the desired surface on the body 26b. The surface may be a prolate or oblate ellipsoid or sphere, paraboloid, or hyperboloid of revolution, a cup-shaped surface of revolution resembling an ellipsoid, paraboloid or hyperboloid with an apical cusp, a cupshaped surface of revolution without an apical umbilical cusp, an elliptic toroid in which one of the principal meridians is non-circular having either a prolate or oblate elliptical profile, or a similar cup-shaped or saddle-shaped surface of revolution with or without an apical cusp. If the body 26b is not rotated the surface formed is cylindrical. When the body is in the form of a template, the grinding wheel may be moved over one portion of the template using one aspect of the cam, and the template then rotated through 180 degrees and the grinding wheel moved over the other portion of the template using the same aspect of the cam. Concave surfaces may be formed on the body by mounting the body above the grinding wheel or by using a cam having a concave profile for engagement by the cam follower. In another embodiment, the cam is in the form of a circular disc mounted for adjustment about one diameter on a cranked arm rotatably adjustable in a bracket for adjustment of the cam about a second diameter perpendicular to the first. The body may be formed with the surface of an elliptical cylinder by mounting the body in a fixed position on the machine and engaging it with a grinding wheel which has the same or greater length than the body.