baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-872216-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rotary valve internal combustion engines
IPC: F01L7/08
Filed: 1956-09-17
Abstract: 872,216. Rotary valves; working cycles; heating charge. ASPIN ENGINES Ltd., F. M., and ASPIN, F. M. Sept. 17, 1957 [Sept. 17, 1956], No. 28289/56. Classes 7(2), 7(3) and 7(6). A rotary valve in which the valve chamber forms part of the engine combustion space is provided with a cooling space m which covers the upper wall of the valve chamber and forms part of the inlet passage for the engine. Air or fuel-air mixture supplied to the pipe j<SP>2</SP> flows through the space m on to the ribbed upper wall of the valve chamber and then through a port g<SP>2</SP> and a transfer passage f<SP>1</SP> to inlet ports o<SP>1</SP>, o<SP>2</SP>, controlled by the valve inlet port. In Figs. 1 and 4 the ports o<SP>1</SP>, o<SP>2</SP>, supply air and are arranged on either side of a third port o connected to a rich mixture inlet pipe n. The valve port opens port o<SP>1</SP> for scavenging before the exhaust port p is closed and opens the ports o, 02 in succession after the exhaust port p is closed. In a modification the ports o<SP>1</SP>, o<SP>9</SP>, are combined in a single port separate from the port o and in a further modification the pipe n and port o are omitted, the combustible mixture being supplied through the space m. In Fig. 15 the cooling space s of one valve is connected by a transfer passage r to the inlet port of a second cylinder the arrangement being such that the opening of the inlet port of the second cylinder coincides with the combustion period of the first cylinder. Specifications 463,412 and 864,453 are referred to.
Patent GB-898849-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fuel elements for nuclear reactors
Inventor: ACTON ERIC WILLIAM VICKERS
IPC: G21C3/06
Filed: 1959-08-19
Abstract: 898,849. Fuel elements. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. Aug. 19, 1960 [Aug. 19, 1959], No. 28383/59. Class 39(4). In the fuel element 1, the fissile material is contained in the helical, magnesium alloy can 3. The latter is provided with fins 7 and is supported in the graphite sleeve 2 by the beam 4. The fuel is formed of rod section which lie one behind the other in the can 3 and are separated by ceramic spacers. Specification 791,011 is referred to.
Patent GB-647326-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to commutators for dynamo-electric machines
IPC: H01R39/04
Filed: 1948-11-02
Abstract: 647,326. Commutators for dynamo-electric machines. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Nov. 2, 1948, No. 28430. Convention date, Nov. 5, 1947. [Class 35] A commutator rigidly secured radially but allowed to expand axially, has its segments 15 retained at their ends by V-rings 17, 18, at least one of which is arranged to be freely movable axially along a sleeve 12 without making contact with it. A flexible washer 22 is provided between the sleeve 12 and the movable ring 18 in order to centre the latter and the whole assembly is secured by a nut 20 at one end and a yieldingly restraining resilient ring 21.
Patent GB-1435678-A (GB)
Title: Coated controlled-release product
IPC: C05G3/00
Filed: 1974-06-27
Abstract: 1435678 Coated fertilizer particles ITT INDUSTRIES Inc 27 June 1974 [27 June 1973] 28516/74 Heading C1B [Also in Division B2] A water-soluble particle has a cement coating and a water-insoluble vapour permeable topcoat the coatings being water-vapour permeable. Suitable particles are fertilizers e.g. urea, NH 4 NO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , KCl, K 2 SO 4 , and ammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof. Other suitable particles include pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, growth regulators and animal and insect repellants. The cement coating may be applied by mixing the particles and cement in a rotating drum and the cement may contain a minor proportion of bentonite. The particles may be sprayed with water or heated until their surfaces melt to help adherence of the cement. The topcoat may be a wax blend, preferably a mixture of (i) a wax (ii) an interpolymer of an unsaturated ester with an olefin and (iii) a thermoplastic hydrocarbon resin. The wax may be natural, petroleum (e.g. paraffin), or microcrystalline wax. Suitable interpolymers are copolymers of butene, propylene or ethylene with vinyl acetate or ethyl acrylate and suitable thermoplastic resins are polyolefins, and polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl esters, styrene, aorylate and methacrylate esters. Preferably the wax blend is melted and added to heated cement coated particles in a rotating drum. Silica may be used as a flow conditioner to prevent particle aggregation while the blend is being added. The topcoat may be annealed or provided with a further coating of microcrystalline wax.
Patent GB-665272-A (GB)
Title: Linear polymers and process of preparing the same
IPC: C08G75/26
Filed: 1948-11-03
Abstract: Linear polyesterthioesters are prepared by condensing (1) a dibasic acid chloride of formula <FORM:0665272/IV (a)/1> where R is a divalent radical selected from hydrocarbon, thiahydrocarbon, or oxahydrocarbon groups in which the two carbonyl groups are attached to different carbon atoms; (2) a glycol having a chain of at least 4 C. atoms, and (3) a dimercaptan having a chain of at least 4 C. atoms.  The glycol or mercaptan may be replaced in part by the corresponding mercapto alcohols.  The condensation is effected in an inert atmosphere, e.g. nitrogen.  The proportions of the reactants used is such that the number of mols. of glycol and dimercaptan equals or is about 2 per cent in excess of the mols of acid. Temperature of about 200 DEG  C. are specified and the reaction may be effected in the presence of inert diluents, e.g. carbon tetrachloride, chlorbenzene, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The Specification contains lists of suitable mercaptans, glycols, mercapto alcohols, and acid chlorides which may be used.  In Examples, (1) a glass vessel was charged with 1.04 parts by weight of pentamethylene glycol, 5.527 parts pentamethylene dimercaptan and 10 parts terephthaloyl chloride, the glycol and dimercaptan being 2.8 mol. excess over the chloride.  On warming to 109 DEG  C. a vigorous reaction occurred with evolution of HCl, a stream of nitrogen being passed through the reactants to remove the HCl.  After solidification of the reactants the vessel was heated at 160 DEG , 218 DEG  and 255 DEG  C., a polymer having a viscosity of 960 poises and m.p. 203 DEG C. being finally obtained.  Further examples described the similar condensation of tetramethylene glycol, tetramethylene dimercaptan and terephthaloyl chloride or isophthaloyl chloride or adipyl chloride.
Patent GB-214285-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in liquid fuel furnaces
IPC: F23C99/00
Filed: 1922-10-21
Abstract: 214,285. Chisholm, D. W. Oct. 21, 1922. Liquid-fuel furnaces.- In a liquid-fuel furnace 4, which is capable of movement backwards and forwards in front of a draw bench or other machinery, the fuelsupply tanks 19, the propelling electric motor 9, and the heating and other accessories are mounted on the furnace structure to form a selfcontained unit. The liquid fuel is maintained at a constant head in feed tanks 23 by pumps 20 which withdraw it from the tanks 19 through pipes 22 and discharge through pipes 24. Air, which may be heated, is supplied to the burners 26 by a fan 33 through a conduit 32 and pipes 31. The drive of the motor 9 is transmitted through a shaft 10 and toothed wheels 12, 13, 17, 18 to the supporting-wheels 4, 4<a>.
Patent GB-445355-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of vat dyestuffs
IPC: C09B3/32
Filed: 1934-10-08
Abstract: Vat dyestuffs are prepared by halogenating dibenzanthrone, isodibenzanthrone or their halogen substitution products in presence of mixtures of halogen sulphonic acids with sulphuric acid monohydrate or fuming sulphuric acid and sulphur, the amount of sulphur being at least 2 per cent of the reaction mixture. Agents supplying halogen, and agents supplying sulphur, such as sulphur monochloride, may be used instead of halogen and sulphur. Acid mixtures containing up to 1 part of sulphuric acid to every part of halogen sulphonic acid are most suitable.  The halogen content of the dyestuffs produced rises or falls with the temperature and duration of the reaction.  In examples, 1-, 2-, and 3-dibenzanthrone, 4-isodibenzanthrone, and 5- monobromdibenzanthrone are heated with chlorsulphonic acid and sulphuric acid monohydrate or fuming sulphuric acid, bromine and sulphur for a few hours at about 50 DEG C.  The mixture is then cooled, poured on to ice, diluted, boiled and a blue paste obtained by filtration, which, after being freed from admixed sulphur, contains 5--6 per cent of sulphur by analysis. Specification 335,948, [Class 2 (iii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-1509737-A (GB)
Title: Disazo dyes for polyamides
IPC: C09B31/04
Filed: 1975-07-08
Abstract: 1509737 Water-soluble disazo dyestuffs CROMPTON & KNOWLES CORP 8 July 1975 [10 July 1974] 28758/75 Heading C4P Novel dyestuffs having the formula (wherein R is Cl, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OCH 3  or OC 2 H 5 ; R, is H, Cl, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OCH 3  or OC 2 H 5 ; R 2  is H or CH 3 ; and M is H, Na, K, Li or NH 4 ) are prepared by diazotizing an appropriately substituted aniline, coupling with Cleve's 1,6-acid or Cleve's 1,7-acid or a mixture thereof, diazotizing the product and coupling with N-phenyl-peri acid or an N-tolylperi acid. They dye natural and synthetic polyamides in navy blue hues.
Patent GB-841225-A (GB)
Title: Novel quinolizine derivatives and process for the manufacture of same
Inventor: COHEN AARON
Filed: 1957-09-12
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the formula <FORM:0841225/IV(b)/1> (wherein the alkyl, alkoxy and halogeno substituents are optional and R is hydrogen or an acyl group) and acid-addition salts thereof; and their preparation by reduction of the corresponding ketones by known methods and acylation of the alcohol products if desired.  The reduction may be carried out by catalytic hydrogenation, by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride in an anhydrous solvent or by treatment with sodium or potassium boron hydride in methanol.  The acylation may be effected with the appropriate acid anhydride in presence of a tertiary base such as pyridine or with a lower alkyl ester of the acylating acid in presence of an alkaline catalyst.  Examples describe the preparation of (1) 2-hydroxy-1:2:3:4:6:7:12:12b - octahydro - indolo [2,3 - a]quinolizine and the corresponding acetoxy, butyroxy and benzoyloxy compounds therefrom; 2 - hydroxy - 3 - methyl - 1:2:3:4: 6:7:12:12b - octahydro - indolo[2,3 - a]quinolizine; (3) 2 - hydroxy - 9 - chloro - 1:2:3:4: 6:7:12:12b - octahydro - indolo[2,3 - a]quinolizine by condensing 5-chloro-tryptamine with ethoxycarbonyl-pyruvic acid and esterifying the product with ethanolic hydrochloric acid to give ethyl 6 - chloro - 2:3:4:9 - tetrahydro-1H - pyrid[3,4 - b]indole - 1 - acetate hydrochloride, converting this to the free base and heating with ethyl acrylate to give a crude product, heating this with sodium ethoxide in benzene to give a crude b -keto ester, heating this with hydrochloric acid to give 2-oxo-9-chloro - 1:2:3:4:6:7:12:12b - octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine and reducing this; and (5) 2 - hydroxy - 9:10 - dimethoxy - 1:2:3:4: 6:7:12:12b - octahydro - indolo[2,3 - a] quinolizine by heating 5:6-dimethoxy-tryptamine-2-carboxylic acid with hydrochloric acid to effect decarboxylation, condensing the product with ethoxy-carbonyl pyruvic acid and subsequently esterifying as under (4) to give ethyl - 2:3:4:9 - tetrahydro - 6:7 - dimethoxy-1H - pyrid[3,4 - b]indole - 1 - acetatehydrochloride, treating this as under (4) to give 2-oxo9:10 - dimethoxy - 1:2:3:4:6:7:12:12b-octahydro - indolo[2,3 - a]quinolizine and reducing this.  Hydrochlorides of some of the products are described.  Ketone starting materials are prepared by the method disclosed in Specification 840,267 or by analogous methods.
Patent GB-279890-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in thermionic cathodes for vacuum electric tube devices
IPC: H01J1/14
Filed: 1927-10-28
Abstract: 279,890. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., (Assignees of Lowry, E. F.). Oct. 28, 1926, [Convention date]. Vacuum tubes. - A thermionic cathode consists of an oxide coating on a core formed by an alloy of nickel and cobalt, with a third constituent, such as ferro-titanium, ferro-vanadium, silicon, ferro-silicon, maganese or ferro-manganese in sufficient quantity to render the alloy malleable. The alloy preferably comprises 80 to 95 per cent of cobalt and nickel, the remainder being iron and titanium, and the cobalt forming 5 to 95 per cent of the cobalt and nickel aggregate. An alloy containing 70 per cent of nickel, 19.5 per cent of cobalt, 7.4 per cent of iron and 2.8- per cent of titanium may be prepared by heating nickel and cobalt with ferro-titanium in an electric furnace, oxygen being excluded. Before casting. a small amount of magnesium and aluminium is added as a deoxidizing agent. Ferro-vanadium, silicon, ferro-silicon, ferro-molybdenum, manganese or ferro-manganese may be used instead of ferro-titanium. The ingot is forged at about 750‹ C., and in the rolling and swaging processes the metal is annealed after every second die. In a modification the alloy is supplied as a sleeve to a filament of base metal which is subsequently drawn and rolled. The oxide coating may be formed by applying a mixture of barium and strontium carbonates suspended in ethyl-alcohol. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises a core made of cobalt or an alloy of cobalt and nickel; cobalt may be electroplated on a filament of base metal. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-603824-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of acetonitrile
Filed: 1945-10-31
Abstract: Aqueous acetonitrile containing acetone is purified by adding an entrainer liquid (e.g. benzene or trichlorethylene), which forms with acetonitrile and water a ternary azeotrope boiling at a lower temperature than does acetonitrile, distilling off azeotrope and acetone from the acetonitrile (which is withdrawn from the system), treating the condensed vapours (e.g. in a mixing vessel or a counter-current washer) with a volume of water equal to 1/2 to 5 times (preferably 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 times) that of the water already present so as to form aqueous and entrainer liquid layers, distilling off the acetone from the aqueous layer and leading the residual aqueous acetonitrile to the dehydrating still preferably after distilling off some water to leave an acetonitrile-water binary azeotrope.  The process may be applied <PICT:0603824/III/1> to crude acetonitrile prepared by catalytic dehydration of ammonium acetate, in which case the crude acetonitrile is fed to a stripping column where free ammonia is absorbed in acid and high-boiling fractions are removed, the overheads consisting of acetone-containing water-acetonitrile binary azeotrope being fed to a distillation column and treated as above.  In an embodiment of the invention, acetone-containing water-acetonitrile binary azeotrope from a stripping column (not shown) is introduced at 26 into a dehydration column 1. Acetonitrile collects in the boiler 8 and may be removed via 10 and acetone and water-acetonitrile - trichlorethylene ternary azeotrope vapours pass to the condenser 2.  Part of the condensate is refluxed via 11 and part is mixed with water in 4. The mixture separates into layers in decanter 5 from which the lower, trichlorethylene, layer returns to column 1 via 14, 15 and 11, while the upper passes at 17 into the acetone still 6, where the acetone distils off and is condensed in 7 and collected via 21.  Dilute aqueous acetonitrile collects in boiler 18 and is returned via 25 to the stripping column.  In a modification, the condensate from 2 is treated with water after separation into layers, e.g. the whole or part of the entrainer liquid layer may be passed through a washing column in counter-current to a stream of water, in which case the washings are combined with the aqueous layer fed to the acetone still.  In another modification, the aqueous extracts are collected in batches, the acetone being distilled off first, then an intermediate fraction (added to the next batch) and then the water-acetonitrile binary azeotrope (which is recycled via 26), or a mixture of acetone and azeotrope being distilled off from a residue of water and subsequently fractionated with acetone and residual azeotrope (which is recycled via 26).  Specification 540,799 is referred to.
Patent GB-931258-A (GB)
Title: An arrangement for recording the current or potential level of an electrical signal
IPC: G01R19/165
Filed: 1961-08-10
Abstract: 931,258. Recording-apparatus. TELEFONAKTIEBOLEGET L. M. ERICSSON. Aug 10, 1961 [Aug. 10, 1960], No. 28981/61. Class 106 (4). An arrangement for recording the current or potential level of an electrical signal comprises a pen recorder 7 continuously recording the current or potential level and a level indicator 10 responding when the level rises and/or falls through a particular value by generating a pulse which is applied to the recorder 7 to cause a distinct change in the continuous record produced thereby. In one arrangement an alternating potential U in  to be supervised is applied to a rectifier 8 and the rectified and smoothed output U= is applied through resistors 5, 6 to the recorder 7. A potential U 1  proportional to the potential U in  is applied to the level indicator 10 which responds to fast variations of signal level and produces an output U 13  which undergoes a sudden change of value as the potential U 1  passes through a particular value U 10 . Upon this sudden change a capacitor 14 receives a pulse which is applied to the recorder 7 to produce a quick deflection whose direction depends on the polarity of the pulse which in turn depends upon whether the potential level is rising or falling through the particular value selected. In order to produce a deviation in the recorder 7 only when the level is falling through the value U 10 , e.g. at t 1  and t 2 , Fig. 6, rectifier 15 is introduced in series with the condenser 14 and in order to produce an opposite deviation when the level rises through a higher value U 20 , e.g. at t 4 , t 5 , Fig. 6, another level indicator 20 is introduced with rectifier 25 to produce pulses of opposite polarity when U 1  rises through the value U 20 . The resulting trace produced by the recorder 7 is shown in Fig. 7. An arrangement may be provided with four level indicators, Fig. 8, not shown. The level indicators can be of an electronic type, e.g. a Schmitt-trigger current using either valves or transistors would be suitable. The sudden changes of potential may be used to operate alarms and/or counters.
Patent GB-1474788-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for voltage measurement
IPC: G01D3/06
Filed: 1974-07-01
Abstract: 1474788 Pulse circuits; transistor amplifiers; voltage controlled oscillator PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 1 July 1974 [30 June 1973] 29025/74 Headings H3T and H4L [Also in Divisions G1 and G4] A voltage measuring system, see Division G1, includes the following circuits. Chopper amplifier Fig. 3.-A voltage to be amplified is applied via a resistor 25, Fig. 3, to a capacitor 28 together with a fraction of the output voltage U1 chopped by a MOST gate 26 controlled by a 700 c/s clock 32. The resulting difference signal is amplified 29, and phaseconscious rectified 30, 31 to provide the output voltage U1, with an overall voltage gain of about 100. Pulse oscillator Figs. 4 and 5.-A reference voltage U REF , Figs. 4 and 5, across a Zener diode 47 is applied, via a voltage follower 37, to one input of an integrator 38, and half the reference voltage, from a potential divider 44, 45, is applied to the other input. With a switch 35 open, as shown, the output U IA  of the integrator falls until its sum U K-  with the voltage follower output UF A  becomes zero, whereupon a differential amplifier changes its state to produce a positive output U KA . As a consequence the switch 35 is closed and the integrator output rises, as shown in Fig. 5, producing oscillation. Voltage controlled pulse oscillator Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7.-By modifying the oscillator of Fig. 4 so that the plus input of the differential amplifier 39 receives a variable voltage U1 as shown in Fig. 6, rather than a fixed voltage of zero, an output pulse train U KA , Fig. 7, whose period is proportional to the voltage U1 is produced. Frequency limiter Figs. 17 and 18.-Two monostable triggers 64, 68, Fig. 17, each having an "on" time equal to half the period of a 280 c/s pulse train, are intercoupled, as shown, with a JK trigger 63, whereby if an input pulse train #f, Fig. 18, has a frequency less than 280 c/s then an output pulse train #f b  has the same frequency, but if the input frequency #f rises above 280 c/s then the output frequency #f b , remains constant at 280 c/s. In principle, each input pulse causes the monostables to switch sequentially, thereby generating one output pulse, and then the circuit waits for the next input pulse. If the input pulses come too fast, switching of the monostables cannot exceed 280 c/s because of their "on" times.
Patent GB-677916-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to spectacles
IPC: G02C5/00
Filed: 1949-11-14
Abstract: 677,916. Spectacle frames. GEE, G. Feb. 13, 1951 [Nov. 14, 1949], No. 29091/49. Class 97 (i). The side arms of a spectacle frame are so constructed and arranged that, when the spectacles are not in use, they can be folded to cover at least a substantial area of both sides of the lenses to act as a cover or case for the spectacles. In the form shown the side arms 7, 7a, shown folded, are of channel section and are pivoted about horizontal pin 8, 9 on plates 2 so that the arm 7a may swing under the frame 1 to enclose the lower portions of the lenses in its channel while the arm 7 may swing upwards to enclose the upper portions of the lenses. Each plate 2 is hinged by a pin 3 to a lug 6 secured to the frame 1, or to the lenses, so that the arms 7, 7a may pivot in a horizontal plane to engage the ears, springs 10 being provided to hold the arms against the head. A portion 13 of the plate 2 carrying the arm 7 may be roughened to provide friction to prevent pivoting of the arm about the pin 8 when the spectacles are worn. Alternatively a spring may be provided for this purpose. The side arms may be of sufficient depth to cover the lenses completely.