baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-2311383-B1 (ES)
Title: Circuito de dispositivo de calentamiento.
Inventor: ACERO ACERO JESUS
IPC: H05B6/12
Filed: 2006-11-21
Granted: 2009-11-30
Abstract: Circuito de dispositivo de calentamiento. 
     La invención se refiere a un circuito de
dispositivo de calentamiento, en especial un  circuito de
dispositivo de cocción por inducción, con un conjunto de unidades de
frecuencia de  calentamiento (28) para la producción de una
frecuencia de calentamiento y con al menos una  unidad de
procesamiento de la frecuencia (52) para el cambio de al menos una
frecuencia de  una señal (50, 56), la cual está preconectada a las
unidades de frecuencia de calentamiento  (28). 
     Para conseguir un circuito de dispositivo de
calentamiento económico y de construcción  sencilla se propone que a
la unidad de procesamiento de la frecuencia (52) estén asignadas  al
menos tres unidades de frecuencia de calentamiento (28).
Patent ES-2324443-B1 (ES)
Title: Dispositivo de medicion de patrones de consumo a traves de la red electrica.
Inventor: ROSADO RIOS JUAN
IPC: H02J13/00
Filed: 2007-02-23
Granted: 2010-06-01
Abstract: Dispositivo de medición de patrones de consumo a
través de la red eléctrica,  que comprende un bloque de control (2),
microcontrolador o unidad de procesamiento  y dispositivos
auxiliares; un bloque de comunicaciones (3), modelador/demodulador 
que adecua la señal del bloque de control (2) para su transmisión;
un bloque  de alimentación (4), que transforma la alimentación
disponible a las tensiones  (8) adecuadas para el funcionamiento de
todos los componentes del dispositivo  (1); y un bloque de medida
(5) en el que se realizará la medición del consumo  eléctrico sobre
el cable o línea (7) de la red de distribución eléctrica,  el
acondicionamiento de esta medida, su comparación, si procede, con un
 patrón preestablecido de consumo, y el envió al bloque de
comunicaciones  (3).
Patent ES-2349223-B1 (ES)
Title: Mueble guarda-cascos.
Inventor: RIAL BARBARA DAVID
IPC: A47B61/04
Filed: 2008-02-09
Granted: 2011-11-10
Abstract: Mueble guarda-cascos que posee
una forma cúbica irregular abierta en una de sus caras, con un
interior recubierto de un material que evita el rayado de los
cascos, y dos barras cilíndricas recubiertas de un material
antideslizante que lo atravesarán de lado a lado y que servirán de
apoyo para los cascos.
Patent ES-2343935-B1 (ES)
Title: Intermedios utiles para la obtencion de 2-(2-piridinilmetilsulfinil)-1h-benzimidazoles y procedimientos correspondientes.
Inventor: BUXADE VINAS ANTONIO
IPC: A61K31/44
Filed: 2008-12-29
Granted: 2011-04-28
Abstract: Intermedios útiles para la obtención de
2-(2-piridinilmetilsulfinil)-1 H -benzimidazoles
y procedimientos correspondientes. Se describen nuevos compuestos
intermedios,
2-[[(4-cloro-3-metil-1-óxido)-2-piridinil]metil]tio-1- H -benci- midazol
de fórmula (I), y
2-[[(4-cloro-3-metil-1-óxido)-2-piridinil]metil]sulfinil-1- H -bencimidazol,
útiles para obtener
2-(2-piridinilmetilsulfinil)-1 H -benzimidazoles.
Se describe también un procedimiento para obtener los nuevos
intermedios. 
     
       100
Patent ES-2346626-B1 (ES)
Title: Edificacion optimizada para la generacion de energia solar fotovoltaica en cubierta.
Inventor: SANTALO BARRIOS JUAN CARLOS
IPC: E04B7/02
Filed: 2009-04-17
Granted: 2011-08-05
Abstract: Edificación optimizada para la generación de
energía solar fotovoltaica en cubierta. 
     Es una construcción que permite implementar en
su cubierta instalaciones de generación de energía eléctrica
mediante captación de radiación lumínica del sol, proporcionando el
máximo ratio entre superficie disponible y potencia instalada. 
     Está basada en tres aspectos que definen su
diseño: 
     - La cubierta se estructura en un solo plano,
inclinado en un eje horizontal (cubierta a un agua). Lo que no
significa que tenga que presentar una forma rectangular o
regular. 
     - La cubierta está orientada con su parte más
próxima al suelo en dirección Sur (minimizando al máximo la
desviación de su centro respecto a este punto cardinal). 
     - El cierre superior de la estructura o cubierta
es el propio sistema de captación fotovoltaica.
Patent ES-2394571-B1 (ES)
Title: Enganche para frente de cajon
Inventor: RIOJA CALVO MIGUEL ANGEL
IPC: A47B88/956
Filed: 2009-11-12
Granted: 2014-01-20
Abstract: Enganche para frente de cajón, que está constituido por una tapa elástica lateral (8) en el que emergen sendos brazos de sección oblonga o asimétrica (8a) según la dirección longitudinal de la tapa elástica (8), por una cuña vertical (3) que se fija al dorso del frente (1) del cajón, una pinza vertical (4) que tiene una abertura vertical (4b) que en una parte sección transversal tiene un perfil recíproco de otro existente en un pilar (5) que se fija por su pie al respectivo lateral (2) del cajón; el agujero (3a) de la cuña vertical (3) y los orificios (4d) de las ramas elásticas (4a) están alineados, siendo coincidentes y susceptibles de recibir los brazos (8a) de la tapa elástica lateral (8) la cual mediante un giro adecuado produce el ajuste entre el frente (1) y lateral (2) del cajón.
Patent ES-2359902-B1 (ES)
Inventor: BENITEZ IGLESIAS ANTONIO JESUS
IPC: H04R1/32
Filed: 2009-11-18
Granted: 2012-04-16
Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for multi-microphone sound production, comprising the monitoring of one or more points of interest on a stage. A sound mixing table (210) mixes input signals (2100) originating from a plurality of microphones distributed across the stage and generates one or more output signals (2110). The mixing table can vary the intensity of each input signal. A processor (230) determines the intensity of each input signal as a function of the position of at least one point of interest on the stage and produces a control signal (2310) which specifies the intensity levels to the mixing table. The mixing table varies the intensities as a function of the control signal.
Patent ES-2371709-B1 (ES)
Title: Elemento para izado de pala.
Inventor: AROCENA DE LA RUA ION
IPC: F03D13/10
Filed: 2010-03-12
Granted: 2012-11-21
Abstract: El elemento para izado de la pala es una pieza intermedia (3) dispuesta de forma atornillada entre la raíz de la pala y la pista móvil del rodamiento (16) de la pala. La pieza intermedia (3) se une mediante una barra rígida o mediante un tensor (13) con otra pieza intermedia (3) diametralmente opuesta. Algunos de los insertos que conforman la raíz de pala están mecanizados (9??) y se roscan en el interior de la pieza intermedia (3) antes de embeberse o pegarse en el laminado correspondiente. La fijación del conjunto pieza intermedia / raíz de pala con la pista móvil (16) del rodamiento del buje es a través un perno largo (17?) que coopera con una rosca (18) en uno de sus extremos, mientras que el otro extremo está roscado en el interior del inserto mecanizado (9??).
Patent ES-2528065-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema de control de potencia de una unidad de generación eléctrica
Inventor: GARCIA SAYES JOSÉ MIGUEL
IPC: F03D7/04
Filed: 2013-07-31
Granted: 2015-11-13
Abstract: Sistema de control de potencia de una unidad de generación eléctrica.#La presente invención se puede incluir en el campo técnico de los sistemas de control de potencia de unidades de generación eléctrica que comprende un lazo de regulación supervisor aplicable a una unidad de generación que calcula parámetros de funcionamiento o consignas en base a medias temporales de la medida de potencia.
Patent ES-2554823-B1 (ES)
Title: Dispositivo de sustentación para máquina apiladora de cajas
Inventor: GONZALEZ OLMOS TELESFORO
IPC: B65G57/30
Filed: 2014-06-23
Granted: 2016-10-21
Abstract: Dispositivo de sustentación para máquina apiladora de cajas.#El dispositivo comprende una pluralidad de uñas retráctiles (1, 1a) asociadas a una cavidad de elevación (2) definida entre dos estructuras laterales (3) de la máquina apiladora de cajas, donde hay un elevador (4) movido por un actuador entre una posición inferior, en la que recibe varias cajas (C, Ca) adyacentes una detrás de otra desde un transportador de entrada (5), y una posición superior, en la que transfiere las cajas (C, Ca) a las uñas retráctiles (1, 1a) que las sostienen en una posición elevada relacionada con una vía de salida. Una mitad de las uñas retráctiles de (1, 1a) están situadas en cada una de las estructuras laterales (3). Las uñas retráctiles (1, 1a) son empujadas hacia una posición de retención por unos medios recuperadores, y son retraídas contra la fuerza de los medios recuperadores (10) por las cajas (C, Ca) cuando son elevadas por el elevador (4).
Patent HR-P20021032-B1 (HR)
Title: NOVEL SOLID BODY FORMS OF MESOPROGESTIN 11C-[4E-(HYDROXYIMINOMETHYL)-PHENYL]-17α-METHOXYMETHYL-17C-METHOXY-ESTRA-4,9-DIEN-3-ONE
Inventor: GRAWE DETLEF
IPC: A61P15/12
Filed: 2002-12-23
Abstract: Nonsolvated crystalline 11beta -(4-((E)-hydroxyiminomethyl)phenyl)-17alpha -methoxymethyl-17beta -methoxy-4,9-estradien-3-one (I) is new. An independent claim is also included for a process for preparing (I). ACTIVITY : Gynecological. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Progesterone receptor ligand.
Patent JO-1879-B1 (JO)
Title: Method of establishing tonic ovarian estrogen secretion for extended therapeutic regimens
Inventor: GARY D HODGEN
IPC: A61K38/09
Filed: 1995-07-22
Granted: 1996-07-25
Abstract: A regimen for the therapeutic management of a gonadal-steroid dependent condition in a mammal constitutes reducing the estrogen supply thereof by means of administration of a GnRH antagonist in an amount effective to inhibit proliferation of endometrial tissue without substantially stopping the production of endogenous estrogen. A method of determining whether the reduced estrogen supply in an individual is such that the concentration of estradiol has been suppressed to an optimized level appropriate to the therapeutic management of the gonadal-steroid dependent condition such as endometriosis in that individual by the administration of a GnRH antagonist at a given dosage level involves titering the dosage, e.g., by conducting a progesterone challenge test and optimal regimen doses of a GnRH antagonist.
Patent JO-2421-B1 (JO)
Title: Safety Valve of the Gas For the Instant close During Fire Incidenc
Inventor: ISMAT FOZAT SALEH AL HAMOURI
Filed: 2006-09-13
Granted: 2007-11-11
Abstract: To avoid fires causing in leaking gas tubes and rising heats in order to protect it of explosion to avoid losses in souls and properties. To solution Automatic closing valve in case of happening fire, this valve perform on feeling heats and flame whereas it easily fuses, burns and cuts. Automatic closing valve tied with piston thread "fiber" and spring feedback were cut in case of happening fire.
Patent KR-800000245-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the preparation of benzoil ureido -diphenylethers
Inventor: HAMMANN I
Filed: 1976-01-15
Granted: 1980-04-02
Abstract: Benzoylureidodiphenyl ethers (I; R1 = F, Cl, Br or methyl, R2= H, F or Cl, R3 = H or Cl, R4 = H, Cl or methyl, R5 = H or Cl, R6= nitro or trifluoromethyl), useful as insecticides, were prepd. by the reaction of benzoylisocyanates (III) with phenoxyanilines, if necessary, in the presence of diluting agent or solvent,  Thus, 3.7 g 2-chlorobenzoyl isocyanate and 5.8 g 4-(2'-chloro-4'-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-aniline were heated in toluene at 80≰C for 1 hr to give I.
Patent KR-820001100-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for producing pigment coated phospors
Inventor: OBA Y
IPC: C09K11/00
Filed: 1978-11-09
Granted: 1982-06-25
Abstract: In prepg. pigment-coated phosphors for color-television cathode-ray tubes, the pigments are suspended in water; then they are treated with an anionic emulsion and a cationic emulsion with <30≰C lowest film forming temp. and an anionic emulsion with >30≰C lowest film forming temp., resp., and they are adjusted to pH 7-4. The coated pigments & phosphors are brought into contact to give pigment-coated phosphors having improved adhesion between the pigment & the phosphors.
Patent KR-830000641-B1 (KR)
Title: 액정표시소자(液晶表示素子)
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 1978-11-15
Granted: 1983-03-23
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-830000885-B1 (KR)
Title: Pressure - sensitive adhesive
Inventor: LEE YU SUN
IPC: C08G18/62
Filed: 1979-11-12
Granted: 1983-04-22
Abstract: Pressure-sensitive adhesive was prepd. by mixing and solidifying the reactants consisted of alkylacrylate liquid polymer contg. about 1.4-6 hydroxyl group, polyalkylene ether glycol or polyester glycol and alkanediol contg. C3-10. Thus, a mixt.(contg. disulphide-trisulphide mixt. 1.02 kg and acetone 3.93 kg) was heated to 90≰C in the reactor. Two mixts.(contg. n-butylacrylate 15.8kg, 2-hydroxyethylacrylate 0.34kg N-vinyl-2-pyrolidene 0.85 kg and contg. azoisobutyronitrile 0.17 kg and acetone 4.53 kg, resp.) were added to it reacted for 2hr, cooled to 30≰C and dried at 115≰C. A liquid polymer was prepd.
Patent KR-840000654-B1 (KR)
Title: Aqueous acidic lubricant coating composition
Inventor: KING PETER F
IPC: C23F11/14
Filed: 1980-08-07
Granted: 1984-05-09
Abstract: Aq. acidic lubricant compsn., for treating metal surface before cold deformation contains by wt. (a) 0.2-15% phosphate ions; (b) an organic lubricant component, 0.3-16% 8-40C organic carboxylic acid or alcohol, mono- or polyamides, mono- or polyalkylamine salts contg. 1-18C in alkyl chain, or their mixt.; (c) an emulsifier, 0.1-10% oxazoline wax and/or N-tallow poly(propylene amine); and (d) a chelating agent, 0.25-3% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or its alkali-and/or ammonium salts.  The compsn. pref. has a pH 2.4-3.4 (2.8-3.1).
Patent KR-840000939-B1 (KR)
Title: Controlled static slip recovery motor drive system
Inventor: HERBERT ROGER B
IPC: H02P23/00
Filed: 1981-04-08
Granted: 1984-06-29
Abstract: Two inverters in series in the DC line of a slip-recovery motor drive of the SCR controlled type are asymmetrically controlled to allow reduced current reflected back in the transformer. Two secondaries in the transformer are associated with the respective inverters. Reduced rating of the transformer, reduced saturable reactor in the DC link and improved power factor are direct advantages of such arrangement.
Patent KR-860001162-B1 (KR)
Title: Photoelectronic convert device
Inventor: YAMAJAKI SUNPEI
IPC: H01L31/04
Filed: 1981-09-16
Granted: 1986-08-18
Abstract: The semiconductor layers are each formed of a mixture of a non-cryst. semiconductor and a microcrystalline semiconductor which has a particle size of 5 - 200 ∦ and is dispersed in the non-cryst. semiconductor with such a distribution of the degree crystn. that it varies at mean pitches of 5 - 500 ∦ and 50 - 10 μm in the direction of the thickness and the surface of the layers, resp. The mixt. is doped with dangling bond neutralizers.
Patent KR-860000383-B1 (KR)
Title: Moving device of apparatus for removing filter cake in filter press
Inventor: KAGA HUMIO
IPC: B01D25/172
Filed: 1982-04-09
Granted: 1986-04-16
Abstract: After filtering, a travelling frame provided with a vibrator is positioned at the rear portion of the filter press, and moved forward together with a carriage using an endless chain and pawls engaging with the chain. When the carriage has travelled the distance of the filter plate, it stops as the stop pawl of the carriage is engaged with the hanger of the first filter plate. The endless chain is then moved in the opposite direction, and the carriage stops at the middle of two neighbouring filter plates by means of the return pawl. Vibrator is operated to remove the cake attached to the filter cloth. These operations are repeated.
Patent KR-840000134-B1 (KR)
Title: Method for manufacturing cup needle
Inventor: LEE YONG-SOB
IPC: A23L7/109
Filed: 1982-06-08
Granted: 1984-02-20
Abstract: A method for manufacturing cup noodle are described.  Thus, noodles were passed through a steamer, which was adjusted to 100≰C˜120≰C and maintained steam pressure to 1.8kg/cm2, for 90 sec to give 90% gelatinized noodles.  Then, in the frying process, the noodles were fried at 145≰C for 110 sec in a container, which was filled with palm-oil.  After frying, water content of the noodles was 2˜2,5%
Patent KR-860000903-B1 (KR)
Title: Error correction system
Inventor: INAKAWA JUN
IPC: H03M13/00
Filed: 1983-03-18
Granted: 1986-07-16
Abstract: The system uses an error location polynomial which is defined by double-correction. Bose-Chaudhri-Hocquenghem codes each consisting of elements of Galois field GF(2m). The polynomial calculator for decoding a Reed-Solomon code supplies reproduced symbols to a syndrome generator. The four generated sydromes are stored in RAM and read out to an arithmetic logic unit and three registers. Three parts of products of these syndromes taken two at a time are supplied to latch circuits and multiplying registers.
Patent KR-850000915-B1 (KR)
Title: Clearer apparatus in open end spinning
Inventor: KURUSHIMA TADANORI
IPC: C08F30/00
Filed: 1983-11-03
Granted: 1985-06-27
Abstract: Dust cleaning chamber is based in a spinning unit and has an outlet connected to a dust collecting duct via a trash pipe. The duct is common to the dust cleaning chamber placed in the respective spinning units. The duct is connected to a dust collector with a filter, through a blower. Pressure gauge is provided in the duct to detect the static pressure in it. Whenever the pressure exceeds a threshold value, the dust collector operates to clean the filter.
Patent KR-880000666-B1 (KR)
Title: Photoelectric convension apparatus
Inventor: KIZU SHUJI
IPC: H04N5/335
Filed: 1983-11-08
Granted: 1988-04-20
Abstract: The apparatus has an array of photoelectric conversion elements. Analog switches are connected between a common output line and the photoelectric elements.  A pulse generating circuit produces scanning pulses.  The pulses scan the switches to read out the image signal components on the common out put line in succession by turning ON each switch for a predetermined period.  An arrangement turns ON a switch during first and second time periods during a predetermined period in which the switch is scanned by a scanning pulse.
Patent KR-850001463-B1 (KR)
Title: Curved slide fastener chain and method for producing curved slide fastener
Inventor: TERASAWA AKINOBU
IPC: A44B19/42
Filed: 1983-12-02
Granted: 1985-10-10
Abstract: The curved section(11,12) is adjacent to a straight section(9,10) in which the teeth are of the same pitch(P1, P2), whereas in the curved section(11,12) the teeth are of different pitch(P3, P4). The fastener is formed by implanting the teeth(5,6) along the facing edges of stringer tapes(3,4).In subsequent prodn. steps including washing, dewatering and drying, the teeth of the straight section(9,10) are engated, but those of the curved section(11,12) are mostly disengaged. The curvature of the curved section is preserved during the finishing steps, esp. hot-drying, under tension after wahsing.
Patent KR-860000333-B1 (KR)
Title: Controlled release formulation
Inventor: WERTENBERGER DONALD PERRY
IPC: A01N43/90
Filed: 1984-02-28
Granted: 1986-04-12
Abstract: A controlled-release fungicide was formulated from tircyclasole and an acrylic polymer having a free transfer temp. of -20 to 100≰C. Thus, 46g of attapulgite was added to a mixt. of tricyclazole (8g) and Rhoplex AC-33 (100g) with agitation, and dried to give controlled-release granules contg. 7.61% tricyclazole in dry weight. This formulations (6g/flat) caused 0% disease incidence in rice, and lower concns. of the formulations (1.5g/flat) cause less crop injury (1.3% disease incidence) after 14 or 23 days of application. This formulation is used for controlling Piricularia oryzae in rice.
Patent KR-890001898-B1 (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for winding wires
Inventor: DOSAKA AKIRA
IPC: H01F41/08
Filed: 1984-03-16
Granted: 1989-05-30
Abstract: A thin electric wire (4) is threaded through a small hole (2) in a toroidal core (1) into a suction pipe (6) by an air stream created by a vacuum in the pipe.  The suction pipe is then turned from one side of the core to the opposite side, carrying the wire and winding it around the core.  At the opposite side the wire is cut to an appropriate length and repositioned at the hole for the process of winding to be repeated until the required number of coil turns is made.  During the step of turning the wire from one side of the core to the other, an air stream, from an air blower pipe (37), directs and positions the looped wire to keep it from entanglement with surrounding machine parts.
Patent KR-920005416-B1 (KR)
Inventor: HADDOCK ERNEST
IPC: C07C69/757
Filed: 1984-11-29
Granted: 1992-07-03
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-920008651-B1 (KR)
Title: Tri-level sandcastle pulse decoder
Inventor: HARWOOD LEOPOLD A
IPC: H03K5/153
Filed: 1984-12-13
Granted: 1992-10-08
Abstract: Trilevel sandcastle pulse decoder includes a trio of voltage comparators for comparing incoming sandcastle pulses with reference potentials of respectively different levels. One of the voltage comparators, which is subject to change in operating state in response to appearance of a given level of the sandcastle pulse, is precluded from operating state change in response to the appearance of the next higher level of the sandcastle pulse by control circuitry responsive to the output of a second of the voltage comparators. One of the decoder outputs is developed by logic circuitry responsive to outputs of two of the comparators.
Patent KR-870001176-B1 (KR)
Title: Diaphragm supporting ring of clutch
Inventor: YONEDA KAZUHIKO
IPC: F16D13/71
Filed: 1985-02-27
Granted: 1987-06-16
Abstract: The clutch diaphragm spring (6) is supported on axial flatheaded pins(22) passing through the diaph ragm and the clutch coverplate(10) .  The diaphragm is sandwiched between the coverplate and the inner flat heads(14) of the pins.  A steel wire ring(19) separates the diaphragm from the cover plate and a second ring(20) is installed between the other side of the diaphragm and the heads kof the pins. Each ring has a coating(21) of solid lubricant material.
Patent KR-940001339-B1 (KR)
Inventor: MAKI SEINOSUKE
IPC: B63B19/16
Filed: 1985-05-07
Granted: 1994-02-19
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-920006348-B1 (KR)
Inventor: OGUBO YOSHIO
IPC: B65G9/00
Filed: 1985-06-01
Granted: 1992-08-03
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-870000741-B1 (KR)
Title: Preparation of benzenesulfonamide derivatives
Inventor: HARPER RICHARD W
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 1985-06-26
Granted: 1987-04-13
Abstract: The title compds. (I; R1,R3=H, C1-3alkyl, halo, CF3; R2=halo, Me, CF3; R4=H, halo, Me, CF3), effective in the treatment of cancer are prepd. Thus, 4-methyl-N-[[(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) amino carbonyl  benzenesulfonamide (II) is prepf. from 4-aminobenzotrifluoride and p- toluenesulfonyl isocyanate. (II) is tested in animals bearing various kinds of tumors and it shows antineoplastic effects. (I) can be administered by various routes, however, it is a special feature of the compds. that they are effective following oral administration. A hard gelatin capsule is formulated contg. (II) 250, starch 200, and Mg stearate 10mg/capsule.
Patent KR-950007468-B1 (KR)
Title: Electrostatic spraying
Inventor: NOAKES TIMOTHY J
IPC: B05B5/08
Filed: 1985-12-20
Granted: 1995-07-11
Abstract: An electrostatic spraying apparatus in which an electrode (7) is mounted adjacent to the sprayhead, means are provided for causing a first electrical potential to be applied to liquid emerging from the sprayhead, and further means are provided for applying a second electrical potential to the electrode (7). The difference between the first and second potentials is sufficient to cause an intense field to be developed between the emerging liquid and the electrode, sufficient to stomise the liquid. The electrode has a core (9) of conducting or semiconducting material sheated in a «semi-insulating» material (11). This «semi-insulating» material has a dielectric strength and volume resistivity sufficiently high to prevent sparking between the electrode and the sprayhead and a volume resistivity sufficiently low to allow charge collected on the surface of the material to be conducted through the «semi-insulating» material (11) to the conducting or semiconducting core (9).