Patent GB-1058926-A (GB)
Title: Gas turbine engine control apparatus
IPC: F02C9/16
Filed: 1963-09-25
Abstract: 1,058,926. Hydraulic transmissions. BENDIX CORPORATION. Sept. 25, 1963 [Oct. 5, 1962], No. 37800/63. Headings F2C and F2D. [Also in Division F1] The invention relates to control apparatus for gas turbine engines of the kind comprising a compressor 14, combustion equipment 16, a first turbine 18 which drives the compressor through shaft 24 and a second turbine 20 which provides useful output power through shaft 26. The apparatus comprises an hydraulic unit 50 which is a variable stroke swash-plate type and may operate as a pump being driven from the compressor-turbine assembly by suitable shaft and gearing 52, the hydraulic fluid passing to the hydraulic unit 54 which is similar to the unit 50, the unit 54 in this phase of operation acting as a motor which by way of suitable shaft and gearing 56 acts to assist the drive of the power turbine shaft 26. On the other hand, the unit 54 may operate as a pump being driven from the output shaft 26, the hydraulic fluid passing to the unit 50 which then acts as a motor and acts to assist the turbine 18 in driving the compressor 14. Each unit 50, 54 may alternatively comprise two separate units, one a pump and the other a motor. The two units 50, 54 are interconnected by ducts 58, 62, the duct 58 including a sump 60 and the duct 62 being connected to a fluid accumulator 64, the two ducts also being interconnected by ducts 66, 68 which have check valves therein. The inclinations of the swash-plates of the hydraulic units 50, 54 are varied by means of lever arms 96, 92, respectively. The engine comprises also a fuel control unit 30 to which the throttle lever 42 is connected. The control unit 30 is shown in Fig. 2 and comprises a casing 124 having an inlet port 126 which is connected to the fuel tank 27 by way of line 28, and an outlet port 128 through which fuel is discharged to the combustion equipment 16 through line 32. The incoming fuel at pressure P 0  enters the positive displacement gear pump 132 and is discharged therefrom at pressure P 1  into the chamber 134. A metering valve assembly is disposed within the chamber 134 and comprises a hollow sleeve 142 secured to the casing, the sleeve having a port 138 therein. A sleeve member 140 is mounted for axially slidable movement on the sleeve 142, the edge 136 of the sleeve 140 cooperating with the port 138 to form a variable area orifice through which fuel flows from the chamber 134 to the annular passage 144 between the sleeve 142 and an inner tubular member 146, the fuel then passing out through a port 152 in the sleeve 142 into the duct 154. The fuel then flows through an opening 156 which is controlled by a metering valve 158 into a duct 160 at pressure P 3  then passing through check valve 162, and duct 164 which contains a cut-off valve 166 to the outlet port 128. The axial position of the sleeve 140 is controlled by a governor unit 172 which is driven at a speed proportional to the speed of the compressor and turbine assembly 14, 18, the centrifugal weights 170 acting to move the sleeve 140 to the right against the loading of control spring 180, the position of the spring retainer 182 being adjusted by means of the throttle lever 42 which acts through the lever 184. The pressure drop P 1 - P 3  across the metering orifices 136, 138 and 156 is controlled by means of a by-pass valve which comprises a sleeve member 196 mounted for axial movement on a tubular member 188 secured to the casing 124. The tubular member 188 has ports 194 and 192 by which the interior of the member communicates with the fuel inlet passage 130 (pressure P 0 ) and the fuel chamber 134 (pressure P 1 ) respectively. The open area of the port 192 is controlled by the position of the edge 198 of the sleeve 196, the axial position of the sleeve being controlled by means of a diaphragm 202 which is connected to the sleeve by a rod 200. The left-hand side of the diaphragm is subject to pressure P 1 , the pressure within the chamber 134, and the right-hand side of the diaphragm is subject to pressure P 3 , the pressure in the duct 160 downstream of the metering orifice 156, this pressure being communicated to the chamber 204 at the right-hand side of the diaphragm by way of passage 206. The axial position of the sleeve 196 is also controlled in dependence on compressor discharge pressure PC, atmospheric pressure Pa and combustion chamber temperature by means of a lever 208 which is pivotally mounted at an intermediate point 210 and is pivotally connected at its lower end to the rod 200 and at its upper end to a rod 230. The rod 230 is connected to a diaphragm 232 the left-hand side of which is subject to compressor discharge pressure PC in chamber 212 and the right-hand side of which is subject to atmospheric pressure Pa in chamber 236. The rod 230 is also urged to the right by means of a tension spring 240 the loading of which is controlled by mechanism 246 in dependence on combustion chamber outlet temperature T. The left-hand end of the rod 230 engages against a movable abutment 248 which is secured to a diaphragm 250, the diaphragm being subjected at its right-hand side to compressor discharge pressure Pc and at its left-hand side to atmospheric pressure Pa, the diaphragm being loaded at its left-hand side by a spring 260 the loading of which may be adjusted. The axial position of the needle valve 158 is controlled by means of a diaphragm 290 which is subject at its right hand side to a control fuel pressure Pn and at its left-hand side to pressure Pc, the pressure of fuel in the inlet duct 130, this pressure being communicated to chamber 296 by way of duets 282, 300. The diaphragm is also loaded at its left-hand side by a spring 304. Capsules 306 responsive to the temperature of the fuel in passage 154 are secured between the valve member 158 and the stem 288. A further port 266 is provided in the fixed sleeve 142 and co-operates with a port 264 in the axially movable sleeve 140 to form a further variable area orifice through which fuel at pressure P 1  flows from chamber 134 into the space 268 at pressure Pn thence through the tubular member 146, port 272 and passage 276 through the duct 302 into the chamber 298 at the right-hand side of the diaphragm 290 as referred to above. Fuel at pressure Pn also passes from passage 276 through the outlet port 278 to line 74. The passage 276 is connected to the passage 300 (which in turn is connected to the inlet passage 130) by way of a fixed restriction 280. The line 74 conveys fuel at control pressure Pn to a chamber 76 at the right-hand side of diaphragm 78, see Fig. 1, the diaphragm being loaded at its left hand side by a spring 80 also by fuel at pressure P 0 , the pressure in the inlet duct 28. The diaphragm 78 is connected by linkwork 86, 88, 90, to the lever 92 which controls the inclination of the swashplate of the hydraulic pump/motor unit 54. The hydraulic unit 50 is shown in Fig. 6 and the unit 54 is similar to this. The unit comprises pistons 322 disposed in bores 324 in a rotary cylinder block the pistons being connected to the angularly adjustable swashplate 314 by ball-and-socket devices 316. The fluid inlet and outlet ports 310, 312 are connected to hydraulic fluid lines 58, 62, respectively, see also Fig. 1. The link 88 is connected by way of further linkwork 104, 102, 106, 100, 98 to the swashplate adjusting lever 96 of the hydraulic unit 50. The link 102 is a collapsible link comprising a piston 108 disposed within a cylinder, the piston being loaded by a spring 110. The link 100 is connected by a further link 122 to a piston 116 disposed within a cylinder 118, the piston being acted on at its right-hand face by hydraulic fluid at pressure Ps termed the " system pressure " being the pressure within the hydraulic duct 62, and at its left-hand face by a spring 120.