baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-786124-A (GB)
Title: 2:5-dioxopyrrolidine-4-propionic acid derivatives and process for preparing them
Filed: 1955-10-19
Abstract: The invention comprises 3,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidine-4-propionic acid compounds of the formula <FORM:0786124/IV (b)/1> wherein Y is <FORM:0786124/IV (b)/2> R1 is H or OH, and R11 is OH, NH2 or alkoxy; and their preparation by reacting a compound of formula <FORM:0786124/IV (b)/3> with aqueous ammonium hydroxide, and heating the ammonium salt produced.  The intermediate, when 3 - hydroxy - 4 - methylpentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid lactone, is in turn prepared by reacting an alkyl isobutyrate in the form of its alkali metal enolate with a b -carboalkoxypropionyl halide in the presence of a strong enolising agent, treating the dialkyl a ,a  - dimethyl - b  - oxoadipate formed with anhydrous HCN, and subjecting the resultant dialkyl 3 - cyano - 3 - hydroxy - 4 - methyl - pentane-1,4-dicarboxylate to acid hydrolysis.  In examples: (1) 4-methylpentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid is partially neutralized with one equivalent of aqueous ammonia, the solution evaporated and the residue distilled under reduced pressure giving 3,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine - 4 - propionic acid; (2) ethyl isobutyrate is treated with triphenylmethyl sodium in ether, and then with ethereal b -carbethoxypropionyl chloride, giving diethyl a ,a -dimethyl-b -oxoadipate, which is reacted in an ice-bath with anhydrous HCN and triethylamine, the resulting cyano compound hydrolysed with strong HCl to 3-hydroxy-4-methylpentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid lactone, which is then heated with aqueous ammonia as in (1) and the ammonium salt distilled giving 3,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo - 4 - hydroxypyrrolidine - 4 - propionic acid lactone.  Other specified compounds obtainable by the process of the invention are methyl and ethyl 3,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-4-propionates, ethyl and butyl 3,3-dimethyl - 2,5 - dioxo - 4 - hydroxypyrrolidine - 4 - propionates, 3,3 - dimethyl - 2,5 - dioxopyrroli - dine - 4 - propionamide and its 4 - hydroxy analogue.
Patent GB-303959-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to brakes
IPC: F16D65/22
Filed: 1927-11-08
Abstract: 303,959. Nevatt, C. G. Nov. 8, 1927. Fluid - pressure; blocks acting on drums; band brakes. -An internal expanding brake is operated by fluidpressure pistons e located in an abutment d of circular cross section located in the plane of movement of the brake shoes b and the outer surface of the abutment is substantially continuous when the pistons are in their inner position, the contacting faces h of the shoes being correspondingly shaped. The shoes are carried round by the rotation of the drum till the bearing h on one of the shoes bears against the abutment d, the pistons e moving together through the hole in the abutment. A spring is arranged between the pistons. A single brake shoe of spring steel fitted with blocks may be used.
Patent GB-766021-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the hydrofining of crude oil fractions
IPC: C10G45/02
Filed: 1954-10-19
Abstract: Crude oils are hydrofined and desulphurized by first distilling off the lowest boiling fraction or fractions, subjecting the residue to catalytic destructive hydrogenation at pressures from 200-1000 atmospheres and at <PICT:0766021/III/1> temperatures from 390-490 DEG C., cooling the reaction product at reaction pressure to a temperature below 100 DEG C. separating the gases from the liquid while maintaining reaction pressure, reducing the pressure on the liquid product and separating the gases thus produced and employing them to hydrogenate the low boiling fraction distilled from the crude.  Catalysts specified are oxides, sulphides, thiosulphates, carbonates, halides, cyanides, phosphates, nitrates, borates, silicates, aluminates or organic acid salts of Mo, W, Ur, Cr, Fe, Pt, Ni, Co, Pa, Ru, Rh, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb, Ti, and Mn, particularly mixtures of a compound of a metal of atomic numbers 74-82 with one of atomic number 20-30 or 40-50.  The catalyst may, as usual, be applied to carriers.  1000 kg. oil are heated in a heater 1 and fractionated in a tower 2 into 195 kg. gasoline, 240 kg. diesel oil with 0.86 per cent sulphur and 565 kg. residues.  The residues mixed with hydrogen fed through line 5 and recycle gases fed through line 7 are compressed to 300 atmospheres by a pump 4 and after separation from ash in reactors 9, 14 filled with raschig rings are fed through an intermediate heater 15 to the main reactor 16 heated to 425 DEG C. The products are cooled at reaction pressure to 35 DEG C. in a cooler 17 and then pass to a separator 18 from which gases are removed through line 19.  The liquid is passed through a pressure reducing valve 26 into a second separator 21.  The gases from the separator 18 are recycled through lines 19, 7 while the gases from the separator 21 are mixed with the diesel oil fraction from the tower 2 fed through line 25 and the mixture passed through a heater 26 to a hydrogenator 27 filled with nickel silicate containing 10 per cent tungsten sulphide to produce a diesel oil containing only 0.05 per cent sulphur.
Patent GB-520253-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to air-cooling means for the cylinders of multi-cylinderinternal-combustion engines
IPC: F02F1/06
Filed: 1938-10-17
Abstract: 520,253. Cooling cylinders. FAIRBROTHER, H. (Bayerische Motoren Werke Akt.-Ges.). Oct. 17, 1938, 'No. 30048. [Class 7 (ii)] In a line of air-cooled cylinders, guiding means for air currents a, b, cooling the rear and front of the cylinder heads, are located between the cylinder barrels. These comprise flues 9, 12 extending axially and baffles 10, 11 extending circumferentially, which may be integral with the cylinders. Cooling fins, which may be formed by machining, are shaped so as to present a constant cross-sectional area of flow for the air. The adjacent portions of the cylinder heads are cooled by direct currents c. Specification 519,889 is referred to.
Patent GB-141666-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of pure alkaline aluminates
IPC: C01F7/12
Filed: 1919-12-03
Abstract: Calcium aluminate practically free from other oxides is produced by heating bauxite, or other aluminium ore, with lime and carbon or silicon, aluminium or calcium carbide in an electric furnace, where-by all the foreign oxides are reduced to the metallic state. Acidic oxides such as those of silicon and titanium form ferrous alloys which separate at the bottom of the furnace and are suitable for use in the metallurgy of iron.  In place of lime, baryta or other alkaline earth may be used.  The alkaline earth aluminates are converted into alkali metal aluminates, such as sodium aluminate, Al2O3 Na2O, by treating their hot solutions with alkali metal carbonates.
Patent GB-886275-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to refrigeration installations
IPC: F25B9/00
Filed: 1958-09-22
Abstract: 886,275. Refrigerators. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN N.V. Sept. 22, 1958 [Sept. 25, 1957], No. 30200/58. Class 29 A storage chamber of vaccines, sera, semen or the like is supplied through pipes 2, 11 with cold air or gas by a blower 16 from the cold end 15 of a reversed hot-gas engine 4. As shown, the air pipe 2 is formed in lid 16 and pipe 11 is the central part of a rotary spider 12 adapted to hold stockings 13 each containing ampoules of bull's semen. Air from the chamber is returned to the cold end 15 by pipe 3 in lid 16. The lid also has pipes 2<SP>1</SP>, 3<SP>1</SP> for connection to a spare machine 4<SP>1</SP>, the pipes having shut-off valves 6, 6<SP>1</SP>, 7, 7<SP>1</SP>. The lid has an opening 14 provided with a secondary lid (not shown) with which any desired part of the spider can be aligned by rotation of handle 10 provided with a pointer 28 co-operating with a scale 29. The machine 4, 4<SP>1</SP> can also be used to provide liquified gas at outlet 26 as described in Specification 885,482 for precooling a chamber prior to transport. One machine 4 can feed gas to a plurality of chambers which may be of different sizes.
Patent GB-905496-A (GB)
Title: Machine for picking the surface crusts of, and for distributing aluminium oxide into, electrolytic cells
IPC: C25C3/14
Filed: 1960-09-02
Abstract: 905,496. Charging electrolytic furnaces. PECHINEY COMPAGNIE DE PRODUITS CHIMIQUES ET ELECTROMETALLURGIQUES. Sept. 2, 1960 [Sept. 3, 1959], No. 30402/60. Class 51 (2). A combined machine for picking surface crusts and distributing alumina to aluminium electrolytic cells comprises a pneumatic pick 1, a charging unit 2 supplied pneumatically with alumina from a hopper 31 through flexible trunking 34, and a driving platform 3, all suspended by beams 6, 7 from a girder 5. The latter is moved rectilinearly by a motor 10 between rollers 8 on a member 9 pivotally mounted by rollers 11 in a stationary ring 12 carried by the overhanging end 13 of a travelling boom 14. The boom is driven on rails 16 parallel to the electrolytic cells by a motor 17 and has upper rollers 19 resiliently engaging a rail 20, Fig. 4 (not shown). A compressor on the boom supplies power to the pick via a reservoir 26, a pipe 27, pivot joint 28, and a flexible tube 29. A branch 32 supplies fluidizing air to the base of hopper 31, whence a pipe 33 leads the oxide to the centre of rotary member 9 where it enters the trunking 34. Baffle units 37, 38 and 39 protect the moving parts of the assembly.
Patent GB-1092244-A (GB)
Title: Method of bonding objects of dissimilar metallic composition
IPC: B23K20/08
Filed: 1965-07-16
Abstract: 1,092,244. Welding by pressure. ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA Ltd. July 16, 1965 [Sept. 11, 1964], No. 30422/65. Heading B3R. In a method of bonding two objects of dissimilar metallic composition and strength a transistion layer, such as an oxide of the metal, is provided on one of the objects while the other object is arranged in a spaced confronting relationship therewith and a source of energy, such as a high explosive spark discharge or exploding wire or a magnetic field, is placed adjacent the object having the lower strength and the energy is released to impinge one object on to the other to form the bond. In the embodiment described a stainless steel tube 10, is supported in a split die 3 and has a thin oxide film 14 on its inside face. An aluminium tube 12, which has its outer surface 13 cleaned by brushing and degreasing is placed concentrically inside the tube 10 with a gap between the oxide film 14 and the outer surface 13 which is of a size that permits strain in the tube 12 to break its own oxide film but is within the elongation limit of the aluminium. The said gap is preferably evacuated. An explosive 15 acting through a transfer medium of water is used although beeswax or other fluid or plastic transfer mediums may be used. Aluminium to stainless steel, aluminium to Zircaloy-2, and Zircaloy-2 to stainless steel bonds may be achieved by the method.
Patent GB-770784-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of water-soluble phthalocyanine derivatives
Inventor: HADDOCK NORMAN HULTON
IPC: C09B47/12
Filed: 1954-10-22
Abstract: Water soluble phthalocyanine derivatives containing quarternary ammonium groups are made by heating with an alkyl or aralkyl ester a phthalocyanine derivative of the formula P - (CH2NR1R2)n wherein P is substituted or unsubstituted metal or metal-free phthalocyanine, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or heterocyclic radical, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or R1 and R2 may be joined to form together with the nitrogen atom a closed ring, and n is a number greater than 1.  Excess ester may be present as reaction medium and an organic solvent may be added.  The above tertiary amine substituted phthalocyanines are made by heating chlormethyl or bromethyl phthalocyanines with secondary amines.  The products may be used for dyeing or printing textiles, e.g. according to Specification 633,160.  In examples, (1) a mixture of copper di- and tri-chlormethyl phthalocyanines is reacted with N - methylbenzylamine, morpholine, piperidine, diethylamine, or N - methylcyclohexylamine and the product is heated with dimethyl sulphate; (2) a mixture of di- and tri-chlormethyl copper phthalocyanines is reacted with morpholine or diethylamino and the with methyl p - toluene sulphonate; (3) a mixture of di- and tri - chlormethyl nickel phthalocyanines is reacted with morpholine and then with dimethyl sulphate; (4) a mixture of tri- and tetra - chlormethyl copper phthalocyanines is reacted with morpholine and then with methyl p - toluene sulphonate; (5) morpholine and dimethyl sulphate are reacted with tri-chlormethyl metal-free phthalocyanine, cobaltous tri-chlormethylphthalocyanine, tetra - chlormethyl copper tetra - 4 - phenyl - phthalocyanine, tetra - chlomethyl copper tetra - 4 - chlorphthalocyanine, and tetra - chlormethyl copper tetra 4 - (p - tolylmercapto) - phthalocyanine; (6) tri-chlormethyl copper phthalocyanine is reacted first with dimethylamine and then with dimethyl sulphate, benzyl chloride, or ethylene chlorhydrin.  The abovementioned chlomethyl phthalocyanines are prepared by usual chlormethylation methods, e.g. according to Specifications 586,340, [Group IV] 681,917.  Specification 587,636 [Group IV] also is referred to.
Patent GB-151186-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gear wheels
IPC: F16H55/14
Filed: 1919-12-05
Abstract: 151,186. Laminated Gears, Ltd., and Bellhouse, E. L. W. Dec. 5, 1919. Toothed wheels.- A gear-wheel is formed of laminµ a provided with spacing-plates i, screws f being passed through notches in the laminae and hub b and in a clamping-ring e into screwed holes in a second plate d engaging a shoulder c on the hub. The screwends h may be riveted over. The teeth may be staggered and alternate teeth may form two separate series arranged at half the pitch distance apart.
Patent GB-1299266-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for monitoring the state of a periodically conducting electric valve
IPC: H02H7/122
Filed: 1970-06-23
Abstract: 1299266 Converting GENERAL ELECTRIC CO 23 June 1970 [26 June 1969] 30448/70 Heading H2F [Also in Division H3] Apparatus for monitoring the conductive state of an electric valve arranged to be turned on periodically in response to gate pulses comprises a voltage detector connected across said valve for emitting a signal indicating whether or not the voltage across the valve exceeds a threshold level which is higher than the voltage drop when conducting and logic means responsive to said signal and to the generation of said gate pulse for producing an output signal when said valve is conducting. Fig. 1 (not shown) relates to a pair of three-phase thyristor bridges having separate gate pulse generators arranged so as to control the direction of current through a load such as a reversible DC motor or variable speed AC motor. The voltage across each  thyristor is monitored so as to provide a signal arranged to inhibit the other gate pulse generator so as to prevent both bridges becoming simultaneously conductive. Voltage threshold detector.-Fig. 4 shows input terminals A, X for connection across the series arrangement of a thyristor and fuse (Fig. 2, not shown). The circuit is made polarityinsensitive by rectifiers 50; voltage divider 52a, 52b and threshold diode 56 allow transistor 37 to be turned on by any input voltage above 10V. so that capacitor 53 (previously charged via 57) is coupled via an optical isolation device 38 to output terminal 58. One such circuit for each thyristor is coupled via a NAND circuit 40 (Fig. 3) to a logic circuit which provides an output at 42 when any thyristor is conductive. Generation of spurious signals due to zero crossings is prevented by insuring that a gate pulse must be fed to OR circuit 45a simultaneously with the conduction signal from circuit 40. Feedback around OR circuit 45b ensures that the output signal continues after the end of the gate pulse until the end of the conduction period. A time delay 47 stretches output signals so as to provide for adequate thyristor recovery time. Fig. 5 shows an arrangement for monitoring at 64 the thyristors connected to the upper side of a three-phase bridge and comprises gates 62, 63 arranged to close a switch 67 so as to actuate a light-emitting diode 68 to send a signal to NAND gate 40 (Fig. 3) when any of the upper thyristors of the bridge are conductive. The circuit is powered by capacitor 65 charged via three-phase rectifiers 70a...70c. The right hand side of Fig. 5 depicts a redundant circuit powered by a capacitor 65<SP>1</SP> charged via rectifier 70a...70c during half cycles of opposite polarity, suitable for monitoring inversely connected thyristors in a cyclo-converter.
Patent GB-1074256-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of a weldable oriented polypropylene film
IPC: C08J7/052
Filed: 1964-08-04
Abstract: Weldable oriented polypropylene film is produced by (1) coating an unstretched polypropylene film on one or both sides with a plastics material which can be welded after it has been stretched and can be stretched at least to the same extent as the polypropylene film and softens below about 150 DEG C, and then stretching the coated film at least uniaxially by at least 300%; (2) stretching a polypropylene film in its longitudinal direction, coating the film on one or both of its surfaces with a plastics material which can be welded after it has been stretched and can be stretched at least to the same extent as the polypropylene film and softens below about 150 DEG C, and then stretching the coated film in the transverse direction by at least 300%; or (3) providing two longitudinally stretched polypropylene films on one surface with a weldable coating, bonding the uncoated sides of the two films together e.g. with polyisobutylene, and transversely stretching the compound film carrying weldable coating on both outer surfaces.  The thickness of the plastics coating is so selected that after the coated material has been stretched the plastics coating is at least 1 micron thick.  The plastics coating may be produced from a solution, dispersion or melt, or is in the form of a film laminated with the unstretched or the longitudinally stretched polypropylene film.  The two sides of the unstretched film may be coated with two different plastics materials prior to stretching in process (1).  The two sides of the longitudinally stretched film may be coated with two different plastics materials in process (2).  The weldable film may be laminated to the polypropylene film by passage between two rubber rollers, one of which may be heated, and then through a hot zone to unite the films by softening or melting of the weldable material with the polypropylene film, or the polypropylene film may first be coated with adhesive and then laminated with the weldable film at an elevated temperature.  The weldable plastics material may be high pressure polyethylene and copolymers of vinylidene chloride e.g. with acrylonitrile, or methyl methacrylate and itaconic acid.  A second coating of a welded plastic may be applied to produce a relatively thick weldable layer.
Patent GB-722820-A (GB)
Title: A machine for disintegrating fibrous cellulosic material
IPC: B01F7/00
Filed: 1951-12-31
Abstract: 722,820. Shredding and bleaching paper pulp. JACKSON & CHURCH CO. Dec. 31, 1951 [Jan. 2, 1951], No. 30490/51. Class 96. [Also in Group II] Dry or moist ground wood pulp &c. e.g. including spruce, poplar, or balsam, is fed at 17 into a disc shredder, the teeth 72 of which decrease in size, and in spacing apart circumferentially and radially, towards the outer edges of the discs, the number of teeth in a row being #2 times the number in the next inner row. Fluid bleaching material is fed through a pipe 73 into the shredding zone between the discs. After treatment, the pulp is propelled by paddles 65 to an outlet 18. The lower disc 57 is rotated from a pulley 32; its spacing from the upper disc 68 is adjusted by a hand wheel (not shown) and a worm-gear 55 &c., the disc &c. being spring-mounted at 39 for separation so that a metal object &c. could pass through without damaging the shredder. An example mentions a bleaching solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium silicate used at 75  F. Another example mentions a solution of magnesium sulphate, sodium silicate, hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide used at 140  F. Small clearances, e.g. of 1/ 32  inch between the discs finely fibrillates and curls the fibres so that they can readily be felted. Specification 467,196, [Group II], is referred to.
Patent GB-395221-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ventilated insoles for boots and shoes
IPC: A43B7/06
Filed: 1932-10-31
Abstract: 395,221. Ventilated footwear. MœLLER, O., 52, Bethmannstrasse, Frank. fort-on-Main, Germany. Oct. 31, 1932, No. 30606. [Class 17 (ii).] A boot or shoe has an insole a with perforations registering with spaces in a gridshaped framework comprising narrow bars b standing on edge placed between the inner and outer soles a, e. The side of the framework adjacent the outer sole is preferably provided with a thin waterproof covering c, attached by adhesive. It may have a coating of varnish or other waterproof tightly adhering elastic material. The grid-shaped framework may be composed of plaited textile threads or may be stamped from solid rubber material and the covering c may be integral with it.
Patent GB-973398-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulically actuated ingot strippers
IPC: B22D29/06
Filed: 1963-08-01
Abstract: 973,398. Ingot strippers. MASCHINENFABRIK DEUTSCHLAND A.G. Aug. 1,  1963 [Sept. 15, 1962], No. 30634/63. Heading B3F. An hydraulically actuated ingot stripper comprises a stripper tube 11 a cylinder 14 located therein, and which are carried in a rotatable bearing sleeve 7 on a hoisting traverse 8. A stationary piston 1, secured to a plate 5 and a movable piston 16 are located within the cylinder 14. The piston 16 has a rod 17 which forms the stripper ram, the head 18 of which is adapted to act either on the ingot 19 or the levers 12a of the tong arms 12. At the commencement of the operation the mould 19a is held by the tong arms 12 and oil under pressure is supplied to the chamber 23b, between the pistons, whereby the piston 16 moves downwards until the head 18 of the ram contacts the ingot (see Fig. 1). Oil supply to the chamber 23b is then shut off and supplied to chamber 21b behind the stationary piston 1. The oil retained in chamber 23b maintains the pistons in fixed relation to each other such that the oil pressure in chamber 21b raises the stripper tube 11 within the sleeve 7 and the ram head 18 strips the ingot from the mould (see Fig. 2). The mould is then hoisted away. To facilitate gripping of the mould by the tongs 12 for transportation the oil from chamber 23b is exhausted and is admitted to chamber 22b below piston 16 whereby the ram head 18 rises to engage the lever 12a of the tongs 12.
Patent GB-262455-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the purification of hydrogen obtained by the interaction of phosphorus and steam
IPC: C01B3/56
Filed: 1926-12-03
Abstract: 262,455. I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.- Ges. Dec. 4, 1925, [Convention date]. Hydrogen. - The hydrogen obtained after removal of phosphoric oxide or acid from the products of the interaction of phosphorus and steam is freed from residual phosphorus vapour and phospheretted hydrogen &c. by passage over active porous substances such as active carbon and silica gel. The adsorbed phosphorus and phosphorus compounds are then oxidized by means of air or other agent containing oxygen and the resulting oxide or acids of phosphorus removed by washing with water or acid. The adsorption and oxidation, which may be effected simultaneously, are preferably conducted at elevated temperature without previous cooling of the gases in order to avoid precipitation of a difficultly-condensable fume. After washing, the active porous substance is dried, if necessary, and re-used. The presence of adequate moisture is advisable during the oxidation in order to facilitate the fixation of the phosphoric acid.