baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-397906-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of cellulose esters
IPC: C08B3/14
Filed: 1932-03-02
Abstract: Cellulosic material is esterified with an unsubstituted aliphatic mono-carboxylic acid (including cycloparaffinic), an aromatic monocarboxylic acid, or an aralkyl mono-carboxylic acid, in the presence of a methoxy-, ethoxy-, or propoxyfatty acid anhydride as impeller.  The starting material may be reverted cellulose, cotton, wood pulp, cellulose ethers, or partially acylated cellulose, and the reaction may be carried out in the presence of solvents such as glacial acetic acid, ethylene chloride, or alkoxy fatty acids such as methoxy-, ethoxy-, or propoxyacetic acids, or in the presence of non-solvents such as ligroin.  In examples, (1) cotton fibres are esterified by means of glacial acetic acid in the presence of ethoxyacetic anhydride; (2) cotton is esterified by means of acetic acid and commercial stearic acid in the presence of methoxy-acetic anhydride and of methoxy-acetic acid as solvent; (3) cotton is esterified by means of stearic acid in the presence of ethoxy-acetic anhydride and acetic anhydride; (4) a lower cellulose acetate is esterified by commercial stearic acid in the presence of ethoxy-acetic anhydride and ethoxyacetic acid; (5) lower cellulose acetate is esterified by stearic acid in presence of methoxyacetic anhydride and ethylene chloride; (6) lower cellulose acetate is esterified by stearic acid in presence of methoxy-acetic anhydride and ligroin; (7) cotton is esterified by stearic acid in presence of propoxy-acetic anhydride and acetic anhydride; (8) lower cellulose acetate is esterified by lauric acid in presence of ethoxy-acetic anhydride and methyl methoxy-acetate.  As catalysts, the following may be used, magnesium perchlorate trihydrate, para - toluenesulphochloride, zinc chloride, benzene sulphonic acid, red phosphorus and chlorine.  Instead of methoxy-, ethoxy-, or propoxy-acetic anhydride, there may be used the corresponding alkoxy-anhydrides of homologous fatty acids such as propionic or butyric acid, and instead of stearic or lauric acid there may be used myristic, palmitic, propionic, or butyric acid.  The products are applied in the production of artificial filaments, films, leather, plastics and the like.  Specifications 287,880, 304,278 and 313,408, [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the use as impelling agents of alkoxy-fatty acids in general. This subjectmatter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1503734-A (GB)
Title: Acoustic microscopes
IPC: G01N29/28
Filed: 1975-02-14
Abstract: 1503734 Acoustic microscopes LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEES 14 Feb 1975 [15 Feb 1974] 6382/75 Heading G1G [Also in Division H4]  An acoustic microscope comprises a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer coupled to respective solid wave-propagating members which define respective acoustic lenses, the focal points of the two lenses being coincident in a fluid within  which an object to be examined can be traversed, the ratio of the acoustic velocities in the solid and liquid being chosen such that the lens system has negligible spherical aberration. The Fig. 1 microscope includes thin-film Piezo-electric transducers 14, 36 of zno, cds or lithium niobate on wave-propagating members 16, 34 of sapphire, fused quartz, cds or yttrium aluminium garnet. Concavities 18, 32 in the members act with liquid (water or helium) 20 as acoustic refractors with a common focus F where object O to be examined is positioned. Transducer 14 is driven by a "chirp" signal, or at one or more discrete (sequential) frequencies, via co-axial line 12 by RF generator 10 operating in the band 400 MHz to > 1 GHz. The object is moved in X and Y directions by a loudspeaker 24 and hydraulic ram 23, in synchronism with the scanning of a CRT 28, and micrometer 22 provides adjustment of the objects vertical position. The through-transmission signal from transducer 36 modulates the CRT brightness. The several acoustic frequencies may be used to modulate the colour of the CRT display. Aplanatic lenses can be used instead of the simple acoustic refractors 18, 32. In the Fig. 5 embodiment, wave-propagating members 64, 80 provide several acoustic paths between parallel-energized transducers 58, 60, 62 and receiving transducers 82, 84, 86 via focal points F of the acoustic refractors formed by the curved interfaces between members 64, 80 and members 98. The latter members guide movement of the object O through the focal points in turn. It is stated that by appropriately delaying the signals from the receiving transducers to account for this movement, the received signals can be added at 92 to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal to be displayed at 94. In various modifications the acoustic signal reflected by object O, rather than transmitted through it, is used, Fig. 4 (not shown) and instead of sensing the received signal intensity its phase is sensed relative to the R.F generator signal or to a signal obtained using a reference acoustic path, Fig. 6 (not shown). The phase data can be used in the manner of acoustic holography to provide a three-dimensional display.
Patent GB-705394-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electrically propelled vehicles
Inventor: DICKINSON ERIC ALTON BINNEY GE
IPC: B61C9/38
Filed: 1951-03-16
Abstract: 705,394. Electric locomotive driving gear. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO., Ltd. March 7, 1952 [March 16, 1951], No. 6387/51. Classes 79(2) and 79(3) In an electrically propelled vehicle having the electric driving motor supported at one side on suspension bearings journa1ed on the driven vehicle axle and at the other side on the vehicle bogie or frame in such a way as to permit slight turning of the motor about the axle with relative vertical movement of the axle and the frame or bogie, the drive is transmitted from the motor to the axle through double reduction gearing including a rotatable intermediate shaft carrying the driven gear wheel of the first train and the pinion of the second train, the intermediate shaft and the suspension bearings being supported in a single gear case rigidly secured to the motor and arranged to enclose the whole of the gearing. As shown the motor 10 is mounted at one end on a vehicle transome 12 by means of links 16 pivoted to the transom and resiliently connected to the motor. Connected to facings on the motor by bolts 14 is the gear case 13 which is mounted by means of the suspension roller bearings 20 on the axle 18, the wheels 35 of which are adjustable in track. The gear case is closed by a cover 19 and is provided with a lateral extension 33 which houses the motor pinion 22, an idler wheel 23 mounted on a shaft 24, which is mounted in bearings 29, one of which is mounted in a detachable plate 30 of larger diameter than the wheel 23, and the driven gear wheel 25 mounted on the intermediate shaft 26. The shaft 26 is mounted in bearings 31 mounted in the casing 13 and carries the pinion 27 of the second gear train, the driven gear 28 of which is mounted on the axle 18.
Patent GB-561493-A (GB)
Title: An improvement in or relating to hydraulically-operated sluice valves
IPC: F16K31/122
Filed: 1942-08-12
Abstract: 561,493. Valves. BLAKEBOROUGH, R. A., and KLOUMAN, F. A. Aug. 12, 1942, No. 6414. [Class 135] A sluice valve is opened and closed from a remote point by means of a pump f, Fig. 2, the arrangement being such that the valve is sustained mechanically when in an opened position. A valve-operating piston c, Fig. 1, has a nut g engaged by a threaded spindle h, on the upper end of which is a valve member n and a slidably keyed pinion i meshing with a pinion k. Rotation of the pump in one direction-causes liquid to be supplied beneath the piston c to lift the valve at a rate determined by the speed of rotation of the spindle due to the liquid supplied to one side of the gears i, k, the liquid displaced from above the piston returning to the pump through a non-return valve s. The valve is closed by opposite rotation of the pump, the gears i, k being oppositely rotated to lift the valve n and open a passage p and allow liquid to act on the upper side of the piston, while that on the lower side returns to the pump. The circuit includes a reservoir t, connection with which is controlled by a valve arrangement u operated frictionally from the pump drive.
Patent GB-971512-A (GB)
Title: A carpet securing device
IPC: A47G27/04
Filed: 1962-01-31
Abstract: 971,512. Securing carpets to floors. ROBERTS CONSOLIDATED INDUSTRIES Inc. Jan. 31, 1962 [Aug. 11, 1961], No. 6432/64. Divided out of 971,511. Heading A4S. The subject-matter is the same as that of Specification 971,511 but the claims differ. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 834,046.
Patent GB-789421-A (GB)
Title: Lubricating grease compositions
Filed: 1956-03-01
Abstract: A lubricating grease composition comprises a lubricating oil, an inorganic gelling agent and at least 2.5 per cent by weight, based on the whole composition, of an alkali metal borate.  The lubricating oil may be a mineral oil, while the gelling agent may be a clay (particularly a montmorillonite such as hectorite) or an amorphous colloid (e.g. silica, magnesia, alumina, silica-lime or silica-magnesia in aerogel form).  The borate may be sodium metaborate, perborate or tetraborate, borax, potassium metaborate or tetraborate, or the corresponding lithium salts. The water-resistance of the grease may be improved by incorporating in the composition an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surface-active agent.  Suitable cationic surfaceactive agents are aliphatic amines containing at least one alkyl group with 10 or more carbon atoms, the corresponding ammonium salts (e.g. octadecyl ammonium acetate, dimethyl dioctyl ammonium acetate, dimethyl didodecyl ammonium acetate, dimethyl hexadecyl octadecyl ammonium acetate and the corresponding chlorides) and condensation products of halohydrins with ammonia or amines or the partial amides of such condensation products.  Reaction may take place between the clay and the amine salt to form an onium clay.  The inclusion of a small amount of a strong acid (e.g. hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid) in a clay-organic base combination improves the hydrophobic characteristics of the grease.  Another method of improving the waterresistance of the grease is to react the gelling agent (especially silica) superficially with an aliphatic or cyclic alcohol.  The grease composition may also contain anto-oxidants (e.g. arylamines such as phenyl alpha- or betanaphthylamine) and extreme pressure agents.  In an example, a lubricating grease composition is described consisting of mineral lubricating oil, hectorite, partial tall oil acid amide of an epichlorohydrin - ammonia condensation product, phosphoric acid and borax.  For comparison purposes, grease compositions are described in which the borax is omitted or replaced by boric acid, chlorinated naphthalene or a mixture of sulphurized lard oil and lead naphthenate.
Patent GB-909700-A (GB)
IPC: C09B1/28
Filed: 1959-02-25
Abstract: 909,700. Dyeing human hair; dyes containing quaternary ammonium groups. THERACHEMIE CHEMISCH THERAPEUTISCHE G.m.b.H. Feb. 25, 1959 [Feb. 25, 1958(2); Oct. 22, 1958], No. 6473/59. Classes 2(4) and 15(2). Human hair is dyed by applying thereto at least one dyestuff containing one or more quaternary ammonium groups in the form of an aqueous solution of pH 8 to 10 or as a paste, cream or jelly. The dyes may be of the mono- or dis-azo, nitro, anthraquinone, indigo or thiazine series and are made by quaternizing the corresponding amines or, for azo dyes, by diazotisation and coupling. A number of specific dyes are mentioned. The dyes may be used together with non-ionic wetting agents such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide addition products with fatty alcohols or acids, alkyl phenols, alkyl or alkylaryl amines, thickeners such as methyl cellulose, starch, higher fatty alcohols; fatty acids, or petroleum jelly, ampboteric soaps and salts of higher fatty acids some of which are specified. In examples dyestuffs of the above type are incorporated into (1-3), (7-9) and (12) simple aqueous solutions whose pH may be adjusted with ammonia; aqueous solutions also containing (6) ammonia or triethanolamine, an ethylene oxide/fatty alcohol condensate and the triethanolamine, salt of the acid sulphuric ester of coconut oil alcohol, (10) ammonia and an ethylene oxide/ fatty alcohol condensate and (13) ammonia, potassium stearate and a higher fatty alcohol ethoxylation product; creams containing an aqueous emulsion of a fatty alcohol and ethoxylated fatty alcohol mixture and also (5) ammonia and (14) triethanolamine and potassium stearate; an aqueous paste (4) containing ammonia, paraffin oil, petroleum jelly, oleyl oleate and an ethylene oxide/ fatty alcohol condensate; and a jelly (11) containing water, a fatty alcohol, paraffin oil, petroleum jelly and an ethylene oxide/fatty alcohol condensate. Specification 819,184 is referred to.
Patent GB-697848-A (GB)
Title: Solutions of acrylonitrile polymers and method of preparing them
IPC: C08J3/09
Filed: 1950-03-15
Abstract: A composition suitable for the production of filaments, yarns or films comprises an acrylonitrile polymer dissolved in a mixture comprising nitromethane, acetonitrile and from 0.5 to 10 per cent by volume of water, based on the total volume of the mixture.  The polymer may be polyacrylonitrile or copolymers of acrylonitrile with vinyl acetate, or vinyl chloride, or acrylic acid and its esters, or styrene, or isobutene, or 2-vinyl pyridine and mixtures. Specification 594,999 is referred to.
Patent GB-415488-A (GB)
Title: Refrigeration process and apparatus
IPC: F25B17/08
Filed: 1933-03-03
Abstract: 415,488. Refrigerating; refrigeratorcars. ROSS, J. M., 100, 208th Street, Bellaire, and OLMSTED, H. C., 1120, Park Avenue, both in New York, U.S.A. March 3, 1933, No. 6523. [Class 29.] Absorption machines and systems.-In an absorption refrigerating process, the refrigerant absorbent is treated with ozone which combines with the ammonia used as refrigerant to form ammonium salts which on heating give off inert gases. When the ozone has been added the absorbent container is evacuated to draw off the oxygen evolved in the reaction. The absorption system is intermittent in action and consists of generator-absorbers 10, a condenser 12, and evaporator 14 in series. Each generator absorber may comprise a cylinder 15 fitted with an axial electric heating element 11 and containing radial chambers 18 with apertured walls. The chambers 18 and the end of the cylinder 15 bearing the connection to the condenser are packed with steel wool. The remainder of the cylinder space is half filled with absorbent such as calcium chloride. In an alternative generator construction, a cylinder 30, having chambers 31 on each side communicating with it, contains a header 33 connected to the condenser connection 34, extending along the cylinder, and communicating therewith by depending perforated pipes. A coiled tube 37 for the passage of cooling medium is inserted in the cylinder. Perforated baffles 36 are provided at frequent intervals. The generator may also be formed of a chamber containing tubes filled with absorbent, the spaces between the tubes being packed with steel wool. The apparatus may be controlled by an electric time switch, and mounted in a motor vehicle as shown in Fig. 1.
Patent GB-849584-A (GB)
Title: Bistable state switching circuit
IPC: H03K3/45
Filed: 1959-02-26
Abstract: 849,584. Circuits employing bi-stable magnetic elements. NATIONAL CASH REGISTER CO. Feb. 26, 1959 [March 14,1958], No. 6665/59..Class 40 (9). A pulse gating arrangement which is opened by a single control pulse until such time as a blocking pulse is applied comprises two magnetic storage cores 22, 23 with cross-connected windings 27, 29 and 33, 28, the core 23 being continuously biased in the " 1 " remanent state by current in a winding 31, and the gate being opened by a control pulse in winding 25 which brings core 22 into the " 0 " remanent state. An input pulse in winding 26 then causes core 22 to revert to state " 1," and induces an output in winding 27 which acts in winding 29 and temporarily reverses the state of biased core 23. Automatic restoration of the latter core to state " 1 " by the bias develops an output pulse in winding 33, this pulse passing to a load 50 by way of a winding 28 so as to restore core 22 to state " 0." The same cyclic response is obtained for each input pulse until such time as a blocking pulse is applied to windings 24 and 30, the blocking pulses effecting reversal and inhibiting reversal respectively of the cores 22 and 23 so that both cores are brought to the same remanent state " I." Output pulses at load 50 then cease until such time as winding 26 is re-energized. Each winding 27, 33 is connected in the base-emitter circuit of a respective transistor 20, 21 which becomes conductive only during the periods when the associated core changes from state " 0 " to state " 1." The output of transistor 21 is applied to the load by way of a winding 32 on core 23 to assist the changeover of that core.
Patent GB-438314-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of mordant disazo-dyestuffs
IPC: C09B31/06
Filed: 1935-03-04
Abstract: Mordant disazo dyes of the type: sulphonated amine of the benzene series --> an amino-hydroquinonedialkylether --> an o-oxycarboxylic acid of the benzene series are described.  When printed on cotton with a chromium mordant they yield fast red-brown to violet-brown shades.  In examples, the following dyes are described: (1) 4-chloraniline-3-sulphonic acid, sulphanilic or metanilic acid --> aminohydroquinone dimethyl or diethylether --> salicylic acid; (2) 4-nitroaniline-3-sulphonic acid, or o- or m-nitroaniline-4-sulphonic acid --> aminohydroquinone dimethylether --> salicylic acid (or o- or m-cresotinic acid).  Specifications 214,516, [Class 2 (iii)], 391,862, 395,005, and 395,006 are referred to.
Patent GB-567616-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric circuit interrupters and magnetic blow-outstherefor
IPC: H01H9/44
Filed: 1943-05-03
Abstract: 567,616. Magnetic blow-outs. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. May 3, 1943, No. 6972. Convention date, May 6, 1942. [Class 38 (v)] A magnetic blow-out device suitable for manually - operable and other slow - moving switches, comprises a magnet, which is preferably permanent and attached to the movable contact, arranged to produce a flux across the contact-surface, whereby the arc is drawn towards the movable contact and into cool air in the opening movement. The magnet may comprise an alloy of 6-15 per cent aluminium, 12-30 per cent nickel, 5 per cent copper if desired, and the rest iron. A button. 32 welded to a carrier strip 21 may be backed by a bar magnet, but, as shown, lies between polepieces 35, 36 of a U-shaped magnet 34 crimped into slots in strip 21. When 32 separates from fixed contact 15, successive planes of flux A<1>, B<1>, &c., each having the pattern shown at A' in Fig. 3, drive the arc from position A through B, C, &c. to H, so drawing the arc after the movable contact, with a force which gradually increases, into cooler air, where it is extinguished. The contact-structure is incorporated in a switch similar to that described in Specification 561,984, Figs. 1, 2 (not shown).
Patent GB-661694-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to boilers
IPC: F22B7/00
Filed: 1949-03-15
Abstract: 661,694. Hot-water boilers. THORNTON, N. June 15, 1950 [March 15, 1949; April 9, 1949], Nos. 7014/49 and 9709/49. Class 64(i) A hot-water boiler is made in two halves a each comprising an open-sided casting the face of which is fashioned to provide one half of a combustion chamber c and one half of a flue f leading from the combustion chamber. The open side of each casting is closed by a cover-plate b having flanged edges b' bolted to a flange a<SP>1</SP> on the casting. The combustion chamber may be extended upwardly to form a fuel shoot for use with solid fuel, or, in a boiler for use with gaseous or liquid fuel, is closed at the top by a dome m. The two abutting walls of the castings divide the water space into two parts, and are provided with fins j in the water spaces.
Patent GB-234576-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to thermionic valves or electron discharge tubes
IPC: H01J5/50
Filed: 1924-03-19
Abstract: 234,576. Levy, L. A. March 19, 1924. Plastic compositions containing cellulose acetate.-Insulating material forming the cap of a thermionic valve is moulded from cellulose acetate composition containing paratoluene sulphoanilide as a plasticizing agent. A colouring material may be added.
Patent GB-1057586-A (GB)
Title: Photographic viewfinders
IPC: G03B13/02
Filed: 1964-02-20
Abstract: 1,57,586. Viewfinders. EASTMAN KODAK CO. Feb.20, 1964 [Feb. 20, 1963], No.7059/64. Heading G2A. A photographic viewfinder is of the kind having an eyepiece and an adjustable frame connectible to a movable part of a camera objective. The adjustable frame (14), Fig. 2 (not shown), has four laterally movable elements (26, 27, 28, 29) which together define a rectangular aperture and are resiliently biased to reduce the size of the aperture to a minimum. The elements (26 .. 29) are connected to cables (20, 21, 22, 23) e.g. of glass rope coupled to a pin (24) actuated by a cam surface (18) on a lens member 17. In a modification, the elements are hinged shutters (45, 46, 47, 48), Fig. 8 (not shown), actuated by a cable (16') attached to a pinion 42.
Patent GB-431213-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to prepayment mechanism for meters
IPC: G07F15/04
Filed: 1934-03-06
Abstract: 431,213. Prepayment mechanism for meters. HOLDEN, F., and MEASUREMENT, Ltd., Terminal House, Lower Belgrave Street, London. March 6, 1934, No. 7078. [Class 27] Coin action, mechanical connection, with delivery proportionate to value of coin ; coinslit closing devices.-In meter prepayment mechanism of the type in which inserted coins are received by a movable pocket which has an inclined or shaped side, so that a coin rides at a height determined by its diameter and engages an appropriate one of a number of levers having different operative connections with the quantity mechanism, a shutter is provided which rises between the end of the insertion shoot and the pocket when the latter is moved, so as to obstruct the passage of further coins to the pocket, and raise the position of a large coin. As shown, inserted coins pass down a shoot f into a pocket a carried by a pivoted arm b operable by an external handle. A penny takes up the position shown in Fig. 2, and on initial movement of the pocket, a shutter g pivoted at g<1>, having a cam-slot engaged by a pin h on the pocket, moves to close the opening of the shoot and raise the penny into a position in which it engages a lever c upon continued movement of the pocket. The lever c is mounted on a shaft k which operates a pawl n driving a ratchet wheel o fast with a sun-wheel 2 of a differential gear. Shillings and sixpences engage respectively levers d and e, which are of different length so that a shaft p on which they are mounted is rotated by an appropriate amount. The shaft p carries a pawl r which, during the return movement of the shaft under the action of a spring q, operates a ratchet wheel s geared to a second sun-wheel v of the differential, the planet carrier of which rotates a shaft x connected through a gear train y with the coin side of the differential quantity mechanism z. Backward rotation of ratchet wheels o, s is prevented by spring pawls o<1>, 3 respectively. Coins inserted during the setting of the apparatus are held back by the shutter g until the coin pocket is returned to its normal position.