Patent GB-812131-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates and process of producing same
Inventor: KING ROBERT GARDNER
IPC: C07C309/37
Filed: 1956-01-16
Abstract: Compositions used as rust inhibitors in lubricating oils, including ester-type oils and hydrocarbon oils, mineral seal oils, rustproofing oils, hydraulic oils and motor fuels such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel fuel, and as additives giving better upper-cylinder and valve-stem lubrication in motor fuels, comprise solutions in organic solvents, oils and motor fuels of dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acids the major portion of the nonyl radicals of which contain more than one tertiary carbon atom, or the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, ammonium and amine salts thereof.  A composition may contain 0.01-10 per cent by weight of the salts or free acid in lubricating oils and may contain one or more antioxidants, pour point depressants and oiliness additives.ALSO:Plasticizers for rubber comprise dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acids, the major portion of the nonyl groups of which contain more than one tertiary carbon atom, and their sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, ammonium and amine salts and their solutions in mineral seal oil.  A paste of the zinc salt and a mineral seal oil may be used to plasticize smoked sheet rubber.ALSO:Dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acids the major portion of the nonyl radicals of which contain more than one tertiary carbon atom and solutions thereof in organic solvents and in oils are made by agitating a mixture of a diphonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid in the nonyl radicals of which contains more than one tertiary carbon atom, sulphuric acid or oleum, and an inert volatile organic solvent under sulphonating conditions, separating off the spent acid layer and repeatedly washing the organic layer, comprising a solution of the diphonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid in the solvent, with water.  Any desired amount of the organic solvent may then be removed by distillation.  After the separation of the spent acid and before, during or after the washing, an oil may be added to the dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid solution and the organic solvent removed.  Solutions of the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, ammonium and amine salts of the dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid in oils are made by adding an appropriate base to the washed solution of the acid in oil or in a mixture of organic solvent and oil, the solvent being removed by distillation.  Bases specified are sodium, calcium and barium hydroxides and carbonates, ammonium hydroxide, zinc oxide, and amines such as dimethylamine, ethylenediamine and mono-, di- and tri-ethylamine.  Inert volatile organic solvents which may be used in the process are petroleum naphtha, hexane, heptane, octane and chlorinated alkanes.  Oils which may be used are hydrocarbon oils or ester-type oils.  During the washing of the organic solvent layer, isopropyl alcohol may be added to assist the separation of the layers.  The dinonylnaphthalene is made by alkylating naphthalene with nonenes the major portion of which contains at least one tertiary carbon atoms such as tripropylene, in an anhydrous solvent such as naphtha, sulphur dioxide, nitrobenzene or a mixture of benzene and nitrobenzene and in the presence of hydrogen fluoride or anhydrous aluminium chloride. Detailed description is given for the preparation and sulphonation of the dinonylnaphthalene, and for the preparation of mineral seal oil solutions of the acid and its calcium and zinc salts.  The compounds are used in compositions for lubricating oils and motor fuels (see Group III) and as plasticizers for rubber (see Group IV (a)).