Patent GB-448419-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for the generation of short electromagnetic waves
IPC: H01J25/00
Filed: 1934-08-31
Abstract: 448,419. Thermionic valves; valve generating circuits. KASSNER, E. E. W., 329, High Holbom, London. Aug. 31, 1934, No. 25088. Convention date, Aug. 31, 1933. [Classes 39 (i) and 40 (v)] A multiple valve for generating oscillations within the ultrashort or quasi-optical range of wave-lengths has two or more electrode systems each having an anode and one or more grids secured to leading-in wave conductors extending from their opposite ends and the cathodes, for example, filaments, are connected in parallel and joined to leading-in wave conductors extending in opposite directions. An .additional electrode system, called a central system, and shown diagrammatically in Fig. 4, may be arranged between two symmetrical electrode systems. As shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1, the semicylindrical anode 9 of one system is connected with conductors 15, 16 at each end and the semi-cylindrical grid 7 of this system is connected similarly with conductors 11, 12 ; the anode 10 and grid 8 of the second system are connected in a similar way with conductors 17, 18 and 13, 14 respectively. The filament cathodes 1, 2 are connected together by crosspieces 3, 4 joined to longitudinally-extending conductors 5, 6. Connectors 30, 30a, Fig. 8, attached to the anodes 9, 10, are secured at one end to the conductors 16, 18 and at the other end are split so that they slide on the conductors 15, 16 and allow expansion of the anodes. Similarly the grids 7, 8, consisting of longitudinal rods, are mounted at one end on clawshaped supports 32, 33 secured to conductors 12, 14 and at the other end on claw-shaped supports 32a, 33a sliding on the conductors 11, 13. The cross-pieces of the cathodes are supported by U-shaped springs 35, 35a, Fig. 6, bridged by flexible stranded conductors 36, 36a. Cruciform pinches 26, 27 are spaced by glass rods or tubes 28, 29, each end of which is mounted in a pinch by a metal rod 28a, a connecting tube 46, and a bent support 48 fused into the pinch. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 12, the bridge 37b at one end of the cathodes is mounted rigidly on a spigot 37a. At the other end the cathodes are each secured to tubes 41, 42 sliding in a bent strip 38 mounted on a spigot 37. Springs 39, bearing against plates 44, held on the tubes 41, 42, maintain the cathodes in tension. The leads 45 to the cathodes are stranded. The central system shown in Fig. 4, consists of an anode 22 mounted on staggered conductors 23, 24, and a grid consisting of helices 19a surrounding the cathodes 1, 2 and welded to a rectangular frame 19 having staggered conductors 20, 21. The grid system 19, 19a is mounted on a rigid support 50, Fig. 13, and a spring support 49 shunted by a stranded conductor 51. The central anode 22 has a rigid support 53 and a spring support 55 shunted bv a stranded conductor 56. In modifications for use without the central systems, three or four electrode systems, each consisting of a curved anode and grid, are mounted around symmetrically spaced cathodes. In the valve shown in Fig. 38, each system consists of an anode and three grids 91 .... 14<1>, the first and third grids consisting of longitudinal rods, and the middle grid of curved rods. Numerous circuits for generating oscillations are shown and described, and charts, Fig. 5 (not shown), indicate various arrangements for producing vibrating-electron, negative resistance, and reactive oscillators. Fig. 14 shows a vibrating-electron circuit in which the two systems I, II are connected in parallel, the grids being at a high potential and the anodes at a negative potential. The anode-grid and grid-cathode wave conductors are tuned by bridge condensers. In Fig. 17 the system I is connected as a vibrating-electron circuit, and the system II as a negative resistance circuit. In Fig. 18 the system II acts as a coupling system between the system I and the load V, and is not connected with the supply circuit ; the coupling system may be tuned on one side. One side of each system may be connected with a dipole circuit, the other sides being tuned, Fig. 20 (not shown). In the differential duplex circuit shown in Fig. 30, the anode and grid wave conductors of each of two valves are connected in parallel, and the valves are connected in push-pull. A differential condenser Cd in the grid or anode push-pull lead allows adjustment of the phase of the waves in the cathode system. In a similar circuit, Fig. 31 (not shown), one system of one valve is connected in parallel with one system of the other valve, the other systems forming the output circuits. Two independent modulations may be effected by a transformer in each of the anode conductors, Fig. 32 (not shown) ; or an inductance in the circuit of one anode may be coupled with an inductance in the circuit of the other anode for high-frequency modulation, Fig. 33 (not shown). In the circuit shown in Fig. 28 for a valve having two systems I, II and a central system, the conductors for the anode 22 and grid 19a, and for the grid 19a and cathode 1, 2 of the central system, are tuned and the central system forms an output circuit coupled to a dipole aerial. The grid and anode conductors and the grid and cathode conductors of system I, and the cathode and grid conductors and the cathode and anode conductors of system II are tuned. Valves having two similar systems with two or three grids may be used in vibrating-electron circuits, Figs. 42, 43 and 50 (not shown), negative resistance circuits with secondary emission form the anode or a grid, Figs. 44 to 48, 51, 52, and 54 to 56 (not shown), or in reaction circuits Figs. 49, 53 and 57 (not shown).