Patent GB-980022-A (GB)
Title: Process for chromatographically separating a mixture and apparatus for carrying out the process
IPC: B01D15/08
Filed: 1961-01-09
Abstract: Mixtures are separated chromatographically by being brought into contact with an adsorbent comprising cellulose crystallite aggregates (as hereinafter defined) having an average level-off degree of polymerization in the range of 15 to 375 anhydroglucose units.  The term "cellulose crystallite aggregates" is defined as the acid-insoluble product obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose. "Crystallite" is defined as a cluster of longitudinally disposed, closely-packed cellulose chains or molecules, and "aggregates" are termed clusters of crystallites. In examples: (1) a mixture of the amino acids, aspartic acid, histidine and cysteine, is separated into the individual components, and (2) xylose is separated from mannose and glucose. Other separations referred to the separation of unsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids, e.g. stearic acid from oleic acid; the separation of unsaturated fatty acids from one another; and the separation of vitamins from natural mixtures in which they are present.  It is stated that Vitamin A may be recovered from animal liver, tocopherols from cereal germ oil, Vitamin D from fish liver oils and Vitamin B2 from milk products. Specifications 874,945 and 970,111 are referred to.ALSO:Mixtures are separated chromatographically by being brought into contact with an adsorbent comprising cellulose crystallite aggregates (as hereinafter defined) having an average level-off degree of polymerization in the range of 15 to 375 anhydroglucose units.  The term "cellulose crystallite aggregates" is defined as the acid-insoluble product obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose.  "Crystallite" is defined as a cluster of longitudinally disposed, closely-packed cellulose chains or molecules, and "aggregates" are termed clusters of crystallites. The separation of amino acids, whether contained in various natural mixtures, or produced by the degradation of casein, collagen, gelatin and other protein materials by hydrolysis with dilute acid or proteolytic enzymes, is referred to.  Specification 874,945 and 970,111 are referred to.ALSO:Dyestuff mixtures are separated by being brought into contact with an adsorbent comprising cellulose crystallite aggregates (as hereinafter defined) having an average level-off degree of polymerization in the range of 15 to 375 anhydroglucose units. The term "cellulose crystallite aggregates" is defined as the acid-insoluble product obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose.  "Crystallite" is defined as a cluster of longitudinally disposed, closely-packed cellulose chains or molecules, and "aggregates" are termed clusters of crystallites. In examples (5) a mixture of FD and C Red No. 2; FD and C Yellow No. 6 and FD and C Blue No. 2 dyes is separated into its individual components; (6) a yellow dye, FD and C Yellow No. 6, is separated from cotton seed oil; and (7) a mixture of FD and C Green No. 1, FD and C Yellow No. 6 and FD and C Red No. 2 is separated into its individual components.  FD and C Red No. 2 and Yellow No. 6 are monoazo dyes and FD and C Blue No. 2 and Green No. 1 are triphenylmethane dyes.  Specifications 874,945 and 970,111 are referred to.ALSO:Mixtures are separated chromatographically by being brought into contact with an adsorbent comprising cellulose crystallite aggregates (as hereinafter defined) having an average level-off degree of polymerization in the range of 15-375 anhydroglucose units.  The term "cellulose crystallite aggregates" is defined as the acid-insoluble product obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose.  "Crystallite" is defined as a cluster of longitudinally disposed, closely packed cellulose chains or molecules, and "aggregates" are termed clusters of crystallites. Examples refer to the separation of (1) amino acids (aspartic acid, histidine and cysteine), (2) sugars (xylose from mannose and glucose), (3) cotton seed oil from black ink, (4) the components of a commercial blue writing ink, (5 and 7) dyes, and (6) a dye from cotton seed oil.  Other separations that may be carried out are the isolation of hormones, e.g. stilbestrol, from natural sources containing them; the separation of unsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids, e.g. stearic acid from oleic acid; or the separation of unsaturated fatty acids from one another. Particularly important is the separation of amino acids, whether contained in various natural mixtures, or produced by the degradation of casein, collagen, gelatin, and other protein materials as by hydrolysis with dilute acid or proteolytic enzymes.  Other separations include alkaloids from plants; dyes from natural sources, and from each other; sterols and related compounds from natural products; and the separation of isotopes. Blood may be separated into at least some of its constituents. Vitamins may be recovered from natural mixtures in which they are present.  For example, vitamin A may be recovered from animal livers, vitamin D from fish liver oils, tocopherols from cereal germ oil and vitamin B2 from milk products.  Advantageously the mixture to be separated is dissolved in a saturated hydrocarbon, e.g. hexane, heptane or petroleum ether.  Other suitable solvents are cyclic hydrocarbons, e.g. cyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids and bases.  Suitable eluants are alcohols, ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons.  Preferably the eluant comprises a mixture of at least two solvents of varying solvent power for the adsorbed material, at least one of the solvents being poorer than the others, that is, has less solvent power for the adsorbed material than the others. Specifications 874,945 and 970,111 are referred to.