baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-2397998-B1 (ES)
Title: Válvula de seguridad.
Inventor: MANTEROLA IRURETAGOIENA JESUS
IPC: F16K11/24
Filed: 2010-02-04
Granted: 2014-01-17
Abstract: Válvula de seguridad.#La invención consiste en dotar al vástago (6) de la válvula de un alojamiento (12) para un bulón magnético (13), retráctil en contra de la tensión de un resorte (14), con el que colabora una pareja de alojamientos (15-15?) operativamente establecidos en el interior del cuello (5), de manera que en situación límite de apertura valvular, el bulón magnético (13) bloquea el obturador al alojarse en el alojamiento (15?) del vástago, y en situación de cierre lo hace también alojarse en el alojamiento (15). Para el desbloqueo valvular la manilla (9) cuenta con una valona (17) que envuelve en situación de montaje al sector del cuello (5) en el que se sitúa el bulón magnético (13), provocando la repulsión y consecuente retracción de éste último, con lo que el vástago (6) queda liberado. Se consigue de esta manera un alto grado de seguridad para la válvula frente a manipulaciones indebidas sobre la misma.
Patent ES-2448715-B1 (ES)
Title: La serigrafía al fresco - procedimiento de impresión pétrea para proyectos de arquitectura, urbanismo e intervenciones no invasivas en el paisaje
Inventor: MATHIAS WALTER CHRISTIAN
IPC: B44F9/04
Filed: 2012-09-14
Granted: 2015-05-04
Abstract: Nuevo procedimiento de impresión pétrea, realizada al fresco sobre mampostería, fachadas, enlucidos y enfoscados, revoques y estucos. La novedad consiste en la aplicación por serigrafía, de un medio a imprimir, elaborado a partir de pigmentos, minerales en su mayoría, y el agente aglutinante puesto en obra para el soporte, el sustrato, como por ejemplo cal, cemento, yeso y escayola. La Serigrafía al fresco requiere tan solo de una buena coordinación en el tiempo, que varía según la temperatura y la humedad relativa del aire: en cuanto el último revoque de un sustrato dado, digamos una pared, haya iniciado su fraguado, se puede acometer la impresión del primer color, que, a su vez, debe de endurecer un poco, antes de que se puede aplicar el siguiente color. Así sucesivamente, se pueden aplicar los colores que se quieran, siempre y cuando el sustrato siga estando fresco, o sea húmedo. Al tener lugar al mismo tiempo el fraguado, en el caso de la cal, la carbonatación de las dos capas, sustrato e impresión, éstas se funden en una sola capa de piedra por lo cual las impresiones hechas así, serán extremadamente duraderas y resistentes a la luz solar y a la abrasión mecánica, ya que tendrán las mismas propiedades y la misma longevidad que una pintura al fresco. La Serigrafía al fresco se puede realizar de distintas maneras en función del agente aglutinante puesto en obra y que se emplea para elaborar el medio a imprimir: cal, cemento o escayola.
Patent ES-2486391-B1 (ES)
Title: Micro-planta modular de tratamiento por activación biológica de las bacterias de residuos sólidos urbanos
Inventor: MOLINA LLEO FRANCISCO JOSÉ
IPC: F26B9/10
Filed: 2013-02-14
Granted: 2015-05-27
Abstract: Micro-planta modular de tratamiento por activación biológica de las bacterias de residuos sólidos urbanos.#Micro-planta modular de tratamiento por activación biológica de las bacterias de RSU adaptable a las necesidades por poder ampliarse mediante la implementación de uno o más módulos de micro-planta, conformada en base a un contenedor dividido en dos módulos, el primero para recibir los RSU y el segundo para alojar los RSU a someter al proceso de oxidación, comunicándose ambos módulos por su parte inferior. En la parte inferior del contenedor se dispone un piso móvil. En la base del módulo de tratamiento se proporciona un suelo ranurado definiendo una cámara de secado, que se comunica, mediante un sistema de tuberías, con un sistema de aspiración, consiguiendo una circulación eficaz del aire a través de los residuos, aire que es recogido y conducido hasta un filtro en el techo del módulo de tratamiento para su depuración.
Patent ES-2487115-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento para la obtención de un extracto peptídico con capacidad antioxidante a partir de semillas de aceituna
Inventor: ESTEVE GIL CLARA
IPC: C12P21/06
Filed: 2013-02-18
Granted: 2015-03-31
Abstract: Procedimiento para obtener péptidos con capacidad antioxidante mediante digestión enzimática de las proteínas aisladas a partir de la semilla de aceituna. El procedimiento consiste en extraer las proteínas de la semilla de la aceituna empleando un método desarrollado previamente, disolver el aislado de proteínas en un medio tamponado a pH ligeramente alcalino, digerir con la enzima alcalasa, centrifugar y recoger el sobrenadante que contiene los péptidos con capacidad antioxidante in vitro.
Patent ES-2515691-B1 (ES)
Title: Anclaje para contenedores de residuos urbanos
Inventor: FERRADAS PORTELA RUBÉN
IPC: B65F1/14
Filed: 2014-05-29
Granted: 2015-07-10
Abstract: Anclaje para contenedores de residuos urbanos, compuesto por al menos dos columnas verticales (1), que van fijadas al suelo por su extremo inferior, y por al menos una barra horizontal (2) que va fijada exteriormente a lo largo de una de las paredes mayores del contenedor (9). Las columnas verticales (1) están separadas entre sí una distancia ligeramente mayor que la longitud de los contenedores y quedan rematadas superiormente en horquillas (3) de apoyo paralelas para la barra horizontal (2).
Patent ES-2558849-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento de materiales textiles para objetos decorativos y artísticos con efecto tridimensional
Inventor: GINER GIL FERNANDO
IPC: D06Q1/00
Filed: 2014-08-08
Granted: 2016-11-16
Abstract: Procedimiento de materiales textiles para objetos decorativos y artísticos con efecto tridimensional.#Invención para lograr objetos decorativos y artísticos a través de la tridimensionalidad de materiales textiles, de piel o cuero que carecen por su propia naturaleza de una profundidad suficiente más allá de una altura o anchura (camisetas, pantalones, accesorios o complementos de vestimentas, etc) tanto de usos corrientes y convencionales como de usos especiales como los artículos u objetos personales de profesionales (deporte, tauromaquia, cocina, cantantes, etc); para permitir su libre modelado mediante el siguiente proceso químico y mecánico: 1ª. Fase de acondicionamiento. 2ª. Fase de volumen o relleno con un sustrato de papel virgen liso. 3ª. Fase de sellado, encolado y modelado de la prenda. 4ª. Fase de imprimación, compactación e impermeabilización. 5ª. Fase de acabado con un barniz laca transparente. Finalmente, es posible añadir filtros anti-UV, bactericidas, fungicidas o productos ignífugos.
Patent ES-2563627-B1 (ES)
Title: Dispositivo de lavado al paso con cepillos basculantes para camiones articulados
Inventor: TOMAS PUCHADES YOLANDA
IPC: B60S3/06
Filed: 2014-09-12
Granted: 2016-12-20
Abstract: Dispositivo de lavado al paso con cepillos basculantes para camiones articulados que comprende dos postes (1) verticales en los cuales están fijados al menos un par de brazos (2, 2') basculantes fijados al menos a un cepillo (3, 3') que gira alrededor de su eje mediante accionamiento eléctrico, en el que los brazos (2, 2') basculantes se desplazan por la presión que ejerce sobre los cepillos (3, 3') el propio vehículo al moverse y comprenden un sistema anti-retorno, de manera que el movimiento de rotación de cada uno de los brazos (2, 2') basculantes es en el sentido de apertura para el paso del vehículo siendo el ángulo de trabajo ({al}, {be}) siempre creciente a partir de su posición de reposo inicial ({al}{sub,0}, {be}{sub,0}) hasta alcanzar la posición de final de recorrido.
Patent ES-2601222-B1 (ES)
Title: Concentrador solar lineal fresnel con triple movimiento
Inventor: BARBON ALVAREZ MANUEL ARSENIO
IPC: F24S23/79
Filed: 2016-10-11
Granted: 2017-09-15
Abstract: Concentrador solar lineal Fresnel con triple movimiento que comprende un sistema estructural fijo (1) anclado que sirve de soporte a un sistema concentrador secundario (3) el cual balancea en la dirección Norte-Sur y a un sistema estructural móvil (2) que balancea en la dirección Norte-Sur. El sistema estructural móvil (2) sirve de soporte a un sistema concentrador primario (4) que comprende un determinado número de espejos (5) o filas de espejos (5), con posibilidad de balanceo en la dirección Este-Oeste. El sistema concentrador secundario (3) comprende un tubo o tubos absorbedores (9) que recoge la energía proyectada por los espejos (5) y la transporta.#De aplicación en aquellos sectores en los que se fabrican o utilizan equipos para la generación de energía térmica a partir de la radiación, como en los de la edificación, o para la potabilización o desalinización de agua.
Patent ES-2618358-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema para ofrecimiento de bienes y/o servicios personalizados en recintos públicos de interior a través de terminales personales de usuario y método para dicho sistema
Inventor: HURTADO MELLADO JOSE LUIS
IPC: G01S1/68
Filed: 2016-07-15
Granted: 2018-04-10
Abstract: Sistema (1) para ofrecimiento de bienes y/o servicios personalizados en recintos (2) públicos de interior a través de terminales (3) personales de usuario, que comprende: un primer subsistema (4) de geolocalización en interiores, una pluralidad de terminales (3) personales de usuario portables, en los que corre una aplicación para la recepción de peticiones desde el primer subsistema (4) de geolocalización en interiores, y la transmisión al mismo de unos mensajes de respuesta; un segundo subsistema (5) de datos masivos para almacenamiento y proceso de patrones y tendencias de grandes cantidades de datos, un tercer subsistema (6) de inteligencia empresarial, para implementar las estrategias de análisis de los datos de preferencias de usuarios existentes en el entorno del recinto (2), unas redes de intercomunicación (8) entre el primer subsistema (4), segundo subsistema (5) y/o tercer subsistema (6), y unos medios de comunicación (20).
Patent JO-3225-B1 (JO)
Title: 6-((s)-1-{1-[5-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]-1h-pyrazol-3-yl}-ethyl)-3h-1,3-benzothiazol-2-one as a tarp-gamma 8 dependent ampa receptor antagonist
Inventor: JON KEVIN REEL
Filed: 2013-11-17
Granted: 2018-03-08
Abstract: A TARP ?8 dependant AMPA receptor antagonist of the formula: , its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, uses, and methods for its preparation are described.
Patent JO-P20140008-B1 (JO)
Title: Use of alpha 7 acetylcholine receptor agonists
Inventor: DONALD JOHNS
IPC: A61P31/00
Filed: 2014-01-14
Granted: 2021-08-17
Abstract: 0The invention concerns the use of certain alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for the treatment, amelioration, prevention or delay of progression of fatigue.
Patent KR-790000325-B1 (KR)
Title: Process of manufacturing adducts iof benzimidazolecarbmaic acid esters and organic sulfonic and sulfuric acids
Inventor: FRENSCH H
Filed: 1974-04-25
Granted: 1979-04-26
Abstract: The imidazolecarbamate adducts (I ; R= C1-C4 alkyl, B=alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy group having at least 8 carbon atoms or alkylphenyl, alkylnaphthyl, alkoxyphenyl having at least 9 carbon atoms), useful as nonhydrolyzed fungicides, were synthesized. Thus, benzimidazolecarbamate ester(II) and sulfonates adducts (III) were reacted in solvent at 150≰C to give I.
Patent KR-810000220-B1 (KR)
Title: Tic evaporation coating method for alloy steel
Inventor: MORIDA SHIROU
Filed: 1977-11-10
Granted: 1981-03-23
Abstract: TiC coating method of steel or super-alloy is characterized by the process to coat the material by a chemical evaporation method.  This includes: heating to the temp. of 850≰-1100≰C in a furnace, using a mixed solution of a liquified ring shape hydro-carbon and halogen Ti of 20-80% reaction equivalent of the room temp., and mixed gas of 75-96% dilute gas and 25-4% hydrogen gas as carrier gas of the mixed solution.
Patent KR-830001848-B1 (KR)
Title: 카셋트 테이프 녹음기
Filed: 1978-06-02
Granted: 1983-09-14
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-790000481-B1 (KR)
Title: Tire building machine
Inventor: AKTRA HASE KAWA
Filed: 1979-02-02
Granted: 1979-05-24
Abstract: Tire building appts. for building and shaping the green tire on the same shaft but in different directions consisted of a pair of bead rings and bladder rings which can be easily held by magnetic control on the shaft which supports the bladder and each ring can be attached to the green case. The machine was equipped with an upper part which was joined with the upper part of the supporting shaft and head stock shaft with hole for oil pressure.
Patent KR-800000165-B1 (KR)
Title: Producing method of multiple-purpose tank
Inventor: HUH JIN KOO
Filed: 1979-03-30
Granted: 1980-03-09
Abstract: A tank body, a top and a bottom plate were manufd. simultaneously by the plastic powder molding method.  The molding tank(2) was surrounded with heating pipe(13) which can heating the feeding part(4) and middle part of opposite wall(8).  The shaft(5) which is transfered in tank had removable screwes (6)(11), and was rotated oppositely with 2 so as to spread the powdered plastic on the internal wall (10) of 4 and opposite wall(8).
Patent KR-830000063-B1 (KR)
Title: 스폰지철 제강방법
IPC: C21B13/12
Filed: 1979-05-02
Granted: 1983-02-05
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-830001020-B1 (KR)
Title: 염화폴리 비닐공장에서 배기 기체 스트림으로 부터 염화 비닐 단량체를 제거하고 회수하기 위한 개선된 공정
IPC: B01D53/77
Filed: 1980-05-01
Granted: 1983-05-25
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-840000667-B1 (KR)
Title: Tape cassette device
Inventor: KOMATSU TAKASHI
IPC: G11B23/06
Filed: 1980-07-31
Granted: 1984-05-09
Abstract: A tape casstte device comprises a cassette case in which a stationary reel with a tape guide path is housed, and an endless tape wound on the outer circumference of said stationary reel, the innermost part drawn out along said guide path to the inside of said stationary reel to be wound on the outer circumference of said stationary reel.  Said case has a bottom plate having a scanning head and a tape drive mechanism inserting opening located at the inside of said stationary reel.  A pair of sliders are disposed inside said casstte case, which are displaceable between a lower position where it is located at the side of said bottom plate for closing said opening and an upper position where it is located away from said bottom plate for opening said opening.
Patent KR-840001449-B1 (KR)
Title: A novel poroces and carbonaceous product
Inventor: ENDO HIROSI
IPC: C01B32/336
Filed: 1980-11-22
Granted: 1984-09-27
Abstract: A spherical porous and carbonaceous product having acidic, basic and phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl functional grps. is prepd. with the ratio of equivs. of acidic to basic grps. from 0.4:1 to 2.5:1. The value obtained by subtracting the equivs. of carboxyl grps. from the sum of the equivs. of basic and phenolic hydroxylic groups is > 0.6 equiv./kg of the product. The product is used in treating liver or kidney diseases caused by endogeneous toxins in the intestines of a human or mammal and has low toxicity.
Patent KR-830002733-B1 (KR)
Title: 디지탈 제어처리공정
IPC: G05B11/36
Filed: 1980-12-29
Granted: 1983-12-09
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-850001283-B1 (KR)
Title: Housing for an electro-magnetic stirrer coil
Inventor: KAMEI FUTOSHI
IPC: B22D11/04
Filed: 1981-04-25
Granted: 1985-09-09
Abstract: The copper wall (1) of a mold having the form of a quadrilateral column is composed of four thin copper paltes(1a),(1a'), (1b)(1b'). Supports(2a),(2a'),(2b),(2b') are fixed on the side planes and hold up the copper plates(1a),(1a'),(1b),(1b'). A passage for cooled medium(S10) is formed between the supports and copper plates. This mold, with an electro-magnetic stirrer coil, is composed of a pair of supporting frames(4a),(4b) to uphold the supports(2a),(2a'),(2b) ,(2b') and space to palce the electromagnetic stirrer coil(9), which is formed between the supports and supporting frames(4a),(4b).
Patent KR-860000184-B1 (KR)
Title: Interfacing control device
Inventor: KATOWAKI YOSHIHIKO
IPC: G06F13/42
Filed: 1981-06-27
Granted: 1986-02-28
Abstract: The interface control system comprises sampling circuits (201, 208), for sampling input control singnals on the interface; and compare circuits (205, 206), for comparing the current sampled value with an expected value for the input control signal and with the previously sampled value stored(202) in the system. The compare circuits produce an equal signal when the sampled value is equal to the expected value and produces an error signal when the sampled value is not equal to either the expected value or the previously sampled value. A matrix logic circuit(214) which is responsive to the compare equal signal has a RAM whose contents are easily changed to deal with different signal formats and different I/O devices and channels.
Patent KR-910008805-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SATO KAZUNORI
IPC: G07D3/00
Filed: 1983-06-22
Granted: 1991-10-21
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-900008354-B1 (KR)
Title: Tool for making hollow articles
Inventor: LANGFORD E A
IPC: B21J5/12
Filed: 1983-10-13
Granted: 1990-11-17
Abstract: The tool comprises first and second parts mounted for axial movement relative to one another, having portions which can be brought into and out of mutual intercalation by this axial movement. The portions carry projectins which form grooves of opposite hands. When the tool is used to produce a joint outer member by being placed in a hollow bank which is forced through a die to form the material of the blank around the projections, the tool is withdrawn from the formed blank by helically withdrawing one portion, with its projections moving along the grooves formed thereby, followed by helically withdrawing the other portion with its projections moving along the grooves which they have formed.
Patent KR-840001554-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the preparation of cyclohexene derivatives
Inventor: BRUDERER HANS
IPC: A61P25/04
Filed: 1984-08-01
Granted: 1984-10-05
Abstract: Title compds. (I; R1=OH, lower alkoxy; R2=lower alkyl; R3=H, lower alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl; n=1,2) and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addn. salts, useful as analgesics, were prepd. by reaction of II and amine. Thus, 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-acetaldehyde in 100ml methanol was treated with methylamine. The resulting product was treated with sodium borohydride to give 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-N-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ethylamine.
Patent KR-920011006-B1 (KR)
Inventor: KONDO SHITSUO
IPC: H03K19/177
Filed: 1984-08-07
Granted: 1992-12-26
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-930002485-B1 (KR)
Title: Magnetic recording medium having perfluoropolyether polymer protective coating
Inventor: BURGUETTE MARIO D
IPC: G11B5/702
Filed: 1984-10-02
Granted: 1993-04-02
Abstract: A magnetic recording medium protected by a very thin, composite low surface energy covering is disclosed. The covering comprises a primer layer of a polymerized phosphorylated monomer or oligomer and an outer lubricant layer of perfluoropolyether polymer. The two layers may be polymerized in situ. The primer layer is made from monomers such as phosphorylated bis[4-(methacryloyloxy- hydroxypropylcarbamato)-cyclohexyl]methane. The outer layer is made from a polymerizable perfluoropolyether monomer such asCH=CH<sub>2</sub>. The composite low surface energy covering is especially useful for providing lubricity and corrosion resistance to a metallic thin-film magnetic recording coating.
Patent KR-920003582-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SHOUP THOMAS E
IPC: B23K9/08
Filed: 1984-10-15
Granted: 1992-05-04
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-920002869-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SHIBANUMA TATAOH
IPC: C07D501/20
Filed: 1985-02-09
Granted: 1992-04-06
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-870002117-B1 (KR)
Title: Telephone set combined interphone
Inventor: PARK CHUNG-RYOL
IPC: H04M1/60
Filed: 1985-05-07
Granted: 1987-12-08
Abstract: In the invention, a button enables a circuit to dial a preset number in memory and drives a tape to transmit a buglar alarm to the police or transfer a gate-interphone communi. to a phone at the place of receiver's presence.  High level pulse outputs in order in intervals of a second from a decode bring three optocouplers to make short circuits at resp. output terminals to the effect of pushing RESET, AUTO and #1, buttons on the key pad to dial the preset number in #1, while an automatic switch drives the tape to transmit the memory content to an impedance matching transistor.
Patent KR-930001800-B1 (KR)
Inventor: DAVELAAR PETER C VAN
IPC: H02K33/18
Filed: 1985-05-24
Granted: 1993-03-13
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-870002109-B1 (KR)
Title: Flexible shaft of multiple joints
Inventor: CHANG HUI-SOK
IPC: F16D3/16
Filed: 1985-06-14
Granted: 1987-12-08
Abstract: A power transfer unit globe (1) is provided with a through play hole (2) in the axial center direction and with gears (3) and (4) on the globe surface around respective mouths at the top and bottom of the hole and has a protuberant ring (5) at right angle to the center hole.  A yoke and ring unit coupler (6) is provided with a ring groove (7) on the inner surfact of the ring for slidably receiving the globe ring (5) and has a pair of yokes (8) and (9) arranged symmetrically and crossingly with pin holes (10). The unit globe (1) is forced to fit into the groove (7) with its ring (5) to constitute a unit joint assembly for coupling with another unit joint to form a flexible shaft.
Patent KR-900004133-B1 (KR)
Title: Automatic answering telephone with memory storage
Inventor: MARUI KUNIYOSHI
IPC: H04W4/16
Filed: 1985-07-19
Granted: 1990-06-16
Abstract: The telephone signal processing method involves determining the number of vacant areas within a memory available for storing information, and generating and transmitting a synthesied voice message cooresponding to a predetermined response message to the calling originator to request calling originator to transmit DTMF signals  if there are vacant areas available for storage. The transmitted DTMF signals are received and a synthesised voice message corresponding to the received signals is generated, and transmitted to the calling originator for confirmation of the DTMF signals received from the calling originator. The number of vacant areas available for storage is displayed.
Patent KR-900003949-B1 (KR)
Title: Self-lapping type control valve device
Inventor: TAMAMORI HIDEO
IPC: B60T13/40
Filed: 1985-12-10
Granted: 1990-06-05
Abstract: The self-lapping type control valve has a check valve provided by a seal at the interface of the control piston diaphragm and a recess in which the diaphragm is connected to the valve body. The seal is effective to isolate a control chamber on one side of the control piston from a constant pressure chamber on the opposite side when the control piston is actuated in response to a reduction in the control chamber fluid pressure to initiate a brake application. This seal is displaced from a ridge at the opening of the recess with which the diaphragm is also engageable when actuation of the control piston occurs in response to a relatively large reduction of the control chamber pressure.
Patent KR-940005122-B1 (KR)
Title: Encapsulated liquid crystal having a smectic phase
Inventor: FERGASON JANES L
IPC: G02F1/137
Filed: 1986-06-03
Granted: 1994-06-11
Abstract: A liquid crystal material having a smectic phase is encapsulated; in discrete volumes, with the encapsulating medium inducing a generally distorted alignment of said liquid crystal material. In response to such alignment the material either scatters or absorbs light and the amount of scattering or absorbing is reduced on application of an input. The encapsulated liquid crystal material is used to make a liquid crystal device.
Patent KR-880000491-B1 (KR)
Title: Making method of polyester filament yarns
Inventor: U JONG-RYOL
IPC: D01D1/02
Filed: 1986-07-15
Granted: 1988-04-08
Abstract: Polyester filament yarn having a good dyeability, water absorption, and antipeeling properties was manufactured.  A low DP polyester copolymer having 0.5-5 mole% metallic sulfonate group on the basis of terephthalic acid was mixed with polyethylene glycol 0.1-1 wt.% (MW>30,000) and inactive inorganic metal salt 0.5-2 wt.% (average diameter <1 μm).  The mixture was melt spun and drawn at 70-80≰C to give natural fiber-like good feeling and surface sheen.
Patent KR-950005129-B1 (KR)
Inventor: PEARCE ROBERT C
IPC: B65D83/14
Filed: 1986-10-21
Granted: 1995-05-18
Abstract: 내용 없음.