baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent PH-26775-A (PH)
Title: Novel pharmaceutically active N-(2-aminoacylamido-2-deoxy-hexosyl)-amides-carbamates and - ureas
Inventor: LOCKHOFF OSWALD
IPC: A61P27/16
Filed: 1986-06-18
Abstract: Compounds of the formula   <IMAGE>   in which R1 denotes hydrogen or a saturated or singly or multiply unsaturated alkyl radical having up to 50 carbon atoms, X represents -CH2-, -O-or -NH-, R2 denotes hydrogen or a saturated or singly or multiply unsaturated alkyl radical having up to 50 carbon atoms, R3, R4 and R5, independently of one another, denotes hydrogen or acyl-CO-R6, R6 being an alkyl radical having up to 10 carbon atoms, R7 denotes hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl-, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, mercaptomethyl, 2-(methylthio)-ethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 3-ureidopropyl, 3-quanidyl-propyl, 4-aminobutyl, carboxymethyl, carbamylmethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, benzyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl, 3-indolylmethyl or 4-imidazolylmethyl, and R8 represents hydrogen or methyl, and R9 represents hydrogen, acetyl, benzoyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl or benzyloxycarbonyl and R7 and R8 together can denote -CH2-CH2-CH2, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof stimulate the immune system and can be used in conjuction with antibiotics and vaccines. New intermediates are also shown.
Patent PH-25549-A (PH)
Title: Biocidal composition
Inventor: NASU RIKUO
IPC: A01N57/12
Filed: 1989-03-07
Abstract: A biocidal composition containing, as active ingredients, at least one imidazole compound represented by formula (I): <CHEM> wherein R<1> represents a phenyl group, a halogen-substituted phenyl group, an alkyl group, or a halogen-substituted alkyl group; and R<2> represents a halogen atom, and at least one other specific compound. The combination of the compound represented by formula (I) and other specific compound can produce an unexpected effect in amount required and biocidal spectrum.
Patent PH-27051-A (PH)
Title: Phenolic resin compositions
Inventor: LEMON PETER HEREBERT RICHARD B
IPC: C08G8/20
Filed: 1990-03-13
Abstract: A phenolic resin composition comprises an ester-curable phenol-aldehyde resin in alkaline aqueous solution wherein the phenol-aldehyde resin is a methylolated phenolic novolak resin. Preferably, during manufacture of the methylolated phenolic novolak resin, unreacted phenol is removed. The composition may be employed, for reaction with an organic ester hardener, as a binder in the production of foundry moulds and cores having high strength. The further incorporation of an aryloxy alcohol in the novolak resin binder additionally improves the final strength of products obtained by a gas curing technique using ester vapour, such as that of methyl formate.
Patent TR-24440-A (TR)
IPC: H04N7/167
Filed: 1990-02-21
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/CH90/00040 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 19, 1990 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 19, 1990 PCT Filed Feb. 21, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/10354 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 7, 1990.According to the invention, on the emitter side, a number generator (10) delivers a random code (XAL) which is sent to the input of a master card (11) which ciphers such code according to a predetermined key (100), the code thus ciphered is broadcast with the video signal, a first device (17) receives, on the one hand, the random code (XA) and, on the other hand, the code ciphered by the master card (11) and effects a predetermined numerical combination of these two codes, such combination forming the initialization word of a pseudo-random generator (12) intended to provide a table of codes for scrambling the video signal and, on the receiver side, the ciphered code received is deciphered by a customer card (13), a second device (18) receives at the inputs, on the one hand, the ciphered code and, on the other hand, the code deciphered (XA) by the customer card (13) and effects a numerical combination of these two codes which is similar to the combination of the first device (17).
Patent TR-28910-A (TR)
IPC: B66B11/08
Filed: 1995-03-16
Abstract: The drive pulley (6) is pivot mounted on a fixed axle. It is supported by being concentrically connected by a drive mechanism (8,9,10) to at least one elastic torque converter bearing (5). A first bearing ring (21), fixed to an adaptor plate (20) of the drive pulley, a second bearing ring (23) fixed to the housing (22) of the drive mechanism, and roller bodies (24) positioned between the bearing rings, form a bearing by which the drive mechanism is supported by the drive pulley. The gear (8) housing has at least one radial lever for fixing to the elastic torque converter bearings.
Patent UY-31884-A (UY)
Title: Dispositivo y procedimiento de drenaje de una via de tejido fibroso
Inventor: PETER FISERA
IPC: B30B9/02
Filed: 2009-06-10
Abstract: La invención se refiere a un dispositivo para el drenaje de una vía de tela de fibra, por ejemplo, una banda de celulosa o de papel, en la que está prevista al menos una zona de prensado 11 y al menos una instalación infrarroja de calentamiento 1, 20. De acuerdo con la invención están dispuestos dos instalaciones infrarrojas de calentamiento 1, 20 en lados opuestos de la vía 16 y antes de la última zona de prensado 11, de manera que se obtiene un mejor drenaje y un incremento de producción de la instalación.
Patent UY-32613-A (UY)
Title: Nuevos compuestos insecticidas derivados de la bis-amida
Inventor: PETER MAIENFISCH
IPC: A01N37/22
Filed: 2010-05-06
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a derivados de bis-amida de la fórmula (I), a los procesos e intermediarios para prepararlos, a los métodos para usarlos para controlar plagas de insectos, ácaros, nematodos y moluscos y a composiciones insecticidas, acaricidas, nematicidas y molusquisidas que los comprenden.
Patent UY-33476-A (UY)
Title: Estimuladores de sgc
Inventor: LEE THOMAS WAI-HO
IPC: A61K31/4155
Filed: 2011-06-30
Abstract: Se describen compuestos de Fórmula I. Los mismos son útiles como estimuladores de sGC, en particular estimuladores independientes de NO y dependientes de hemo. Estos compuestos pueden ser útiles para tratar, prevenir o manejar distintos trastornos que se divulgan en el presente.
Patent UY-33663-A (UY)
Title: Derivados amínicos para el tratamiento de trastornos proliferativos de la piel
Inventor: NURIA GODESSART MARINA
IPC: A61K31/44
Filed: 2011-10-11
Abstract: Se describen composiciones que comprenden derivados amínicos específicos para su uso en el tratamiento de enfermedades o trastornos proliferativos de la piel y el uso de derivados amínicos específicos en dicho tratamiento.
Patent UY-34320-A (UY)
Inventor: WIRTH DR KLAUS
IPC: A61K31/353
Filed: 2012-09-12
Abstract: Escanear figura I, página 4/159 SGDD
Patent UY-38149-A (UY)
Title: Uso de protectores para mejorar la resistencia del cultivo de arroz a los herbicidas
Inventor: FEIST DAVID
IPC: A01N43/90
Filed: 2019-03-21
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona una mezcla herbicida para controlar la vegetación no deseada en los alrededores de un cultivo de arroz resistente a un herbicida, en donde la mezcla herbicida comprende a) un herbicida inhibidor de la acetil Co-A carboxilasa (ACCasa) o un herbicida inhibidor de la 4-hidroxifenilpiruvato dioxigenasa (HPPD) o un herbicida inhibidor de la acetolactato (acetohidroxiácido) sintasa ALS (AHAS) o sus combinaciones y b) un protector contra herbicida seleccionado de isoxadifeno, cloquintocet, AD-67, benoxacor y fenclorim, y ésteres, sales y sus combinaciones.
Patent YU-12890-A (YU)
Title: Postupak za dobijanje acil derivata piperazina
Inventor: WELCH MCKOWAN W
Filed: 1990-01-25
Abstract: Opisan je postupak za dobijanje acil derivata piperazina formule (I) u kojoj R1 predstavlja koji obuhvata reakciju 1-(2-pirimidinil)piperazina sa 3-hloropropil sulfonamidom formule Cl(SH2)3-SO2-R1 gde je R1 je kao što je prethodno odredjeno, u reakciono inertnom rastvoru, na temperaturi od 60В°C do 150В°C.
Patent YU-24892-A (YU)
Title: Postupak za proizvodnju mreža od plemenitih metala propusnih za gas, za metalitičke procese
Inventor: BLASS SIEGFRIED
IPC: B01J35/04
Filed: 1992-03-12
Abstract: POSTUPAK ZA PROIZVODNJU MREŽA OD PLEMENITIH METALA PROPUSNIH ZA GAS, ZA METALITIČKE PROCESE, za štrikanje /pletenje/ okruglih mreža radi primene kao katalizatora kod sagorevanja amonijaka i kao mreže za povraćaj platinskih metala, koriste se žice od paladijuma sa 2 do 15% nikla ili 2 do 15% bakra ili 2 do 25% nikla i bakra, prečnika 50 do 120 um, čvrstoće na kidanje od 900 do 1050 N/mm2 i granice razvlačenja od 0,5 do 3%. Pored toga potrebna je mašina za ravno pletenje sa 7 do 14 igala na col, pri čemu dužina petlji mora da bude izmedju 2 i 6 mm.
Patent YU-42596-A (YU)
Inventor: MIRKO SKORIC
Filed: 1996-07-17
Abstract: Pronalazak se odnosi na rasadnik za gajenje sadnica u kontejnerima, naročito sadnica u kontejnerima bez dna postavljenim na čvrstu podlogu, od betona ili nabijene gline, i prekrivenu slojem šljunka. Ovim je rešen problem gajenja sadnica bez klasičnih staklenika i plastenika, tako da se sadnice ne moraju pomerati, tokom jedne ili više godina, do sadnje. Sve vreme sadnice su zaštićene od kiše, snega i mraza, a njihov korenov sistem se, dirigovanim i kontrolisanim zalivanjem, na čvrstoj podlozi dobro armira.Gornje je ostvareno stepenasto izvedenim terasama (2) na poljima (1) rasadnika, pri čemu su terase (2) izdeljene, naiimenično kanalima (16) za vodu i stazicama (17), na gredice (15) za smeštaj rasadničkog materijala (19). Kanali (16) su u protočnom spoju sa dovodnim kanalom (11), odvodnim kanalima (12, 12'), magistralnim vodom (13) i bazenom (8), koji zajedno sa pumpom (9) čine sistem (3) za navođenje potapanjem. Putevi (4, 5) oko polja (1) omogućavaju korišćenje mehanizacije, dok se zaštita od kiše, snega i mraza vrši prenosivim plastenikom (21) i ramovima od letvica (23) i žičanog pletiva (24).
Patent YU-58092-A (YU)
Title: Tehnološki postupak proizvodnje katalizatora za oksidaciju amonijaka
Inventor: MATIC S
Filed: 1992-06-03
Abstract: TEHNOLOŠKI POSTUPAK PROIZVODNJE KATALIZATORA ZA OKSIDACIJU AMONIJAKA, pronalazak se odnosi na oblast izrade mrežastih katalizatora od legure PtRh 10 ili PtRh 5Pd 5 u reaktorima za proizvodnju azotne kiseline (B 01J 35/04; B 01J 37/00; B 01J 23/40). Suština pronalaska je u tehnološkom postupku koji se, počev od platine kao osnovnog materijala, min. čistoće 99,98% i rodijuma (za leguru PtRh 10) ili rodijuma i paladijuma (za leguru PtRh 5 Pd 5) čistoće min. 99,95%, u prahu ili komadastom obliku, briketiraju u presi, tope u loncima od MgO i u kontinualnom mlazu liju u grafitnom kalupu. Odlivci O 16 x 100 mm se toplim i hladnim valjanjem svode do dimenzije kvadratnog profila 2 x 2 mm. Izvlačenjem žice 2 x 2 mm prvo na O 0,5 mm, a zatim na O 0,15 mm, sve do konačnih dimenzija O 0,06 mm ili O 0,076 mm za tkanje mreže katalizatora.
Patent YU-69399-A (YU)
Title: Process for preparing enantiomerically enriched n-derivatised lactams
Inventor: JOHN DAWSON MICHAEL
IPC: C07D209/52
Filed: 1998-08-20
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of substantially enantiomerically pure intermediates of formula (IV), wherein P is an activating and protecting group, from their racemates by treating the mixture with an acylase enzyme derived from i(Bacillus) sp..
Patent YU-71396-A (YU)
Inventor: LJUBOMIR TOMASEVIC
Filed: 1996-12-31
Abstract: Opisani su panel i pod od oblica od ogrevnog drveta, gde se panel (1) sastoji od okvira (4) sa ili bez armature (11, 12) i unutar okvira (4) smeštenih oblica (2, 2') međusobno i sa okvirom (4) povezani drvenim malterom (3), i gde se pod sastoji od sloja drvenog maltera (10) za koji je fiksiran sloj oblica (9) čiji je međuprostor ispunjen samo malterom (10) ili tim malterom i pločastim komadima drveta u osnovi trouglastog oblika. Oblice (2, 2', 9) i malter (3, 10) prethodno su tretirani sredstvima protiv vlage, zapaljivosti i štetočina.
Patent AT-A199992-A (AT)
IPC: G01J5/02
Filed: 1992-10-12
Abstract: Infrared thermography method for accurate temperature measurement, by means of infrared radiation in the wavelength range from 8-14 μm, with the aid of two specifically composed calibration substances; the first substance, having an Em value of 0.929, being used for the temperature range from -50 degree C to +200 degree C, the second substance, having the Em value of 0.927, being used for the temperature range +200 degree C to +2000 degree C. The entire measuring method is divided into the production of the calibration substance, the application to the object, the measurement of the temperature radiation, taking into account the calibration substance, and the evaluation and analysis of the measurement.
Patent AT-A249893-A (AT)
IPC: C08B1/00
Filed: 1993-12-10
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AT94/00192 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 5, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 5, 1995 PCT Filed Dec. 9, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/16063 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 15, 1995The invention is concerned with a process for the production of cellulose moulded bodies, particularly films and fibres, by extruding a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine-oxide through a shaping device, for example a spinneret, and conducting the extruded moulded body while drawing it into an aqueous precipitation bath, in which it coagulates, whereafter the coagulated moulded body is washed with an aqueous washing liquid, characterized in that the precipitation bath employed for coagulation and/or the washing liquid employed for washing contain(s) a surfactant in dissolved form.
Patent BE-899955-A (BE)
Title: Werkwijze voor het produceren van een brilglas voor myopen.
IPC: B29D11/00
Filed: 1984-06-19
Abstract: Deze uitvinding betreft een werkwijze voor het produceren van een brilglas voor myopen waarvan de randdikte als belangrijk mag genoemd gekenmerkt doordat men vertrekt van een half afgewerkt produkt met een concave uitholling die tot de rand of nagenoeg tot de rand van het glas doorloopt, men de randdikte van het glas met nagenoeg 40 % tot 51 % wegfreest en men vervolgens de scherpe hoek tussen hogerbedoelde concave uitholling en het vlak afgefreesd gedeelte van het glas dat de concave uitholling omringt convex afrondt.
Patent BE-901084-A (BE)
Title: Indicateur de position photo-electrique sans contact.
Inventor: PINGEL G
IPC: G01D5/34
Filed: 1984-11-19
Abstract: Sur le trajet des rayons entre l'émetteur de rayonnement et le récepteur de rayonnement de l'indicateur de position, sont prévus deux éléments de polarisation qui peuvent etre déplacés et réglés l'un par rapport à l'autre. Les positions des points de pivotement ou de rotation des éléments de polarisation peuvent  s'écarter l'une de l'autre. Dans la zone d'angle de 90 % les plans de polarisation des éléments de polarisation peuvent prendre des positions angulaires convenables quelconques. La modification du courant photo-électrique du récepteur de rayonnement est relevée à l'intervention d'un circuit d'évaluation et elle devient disponible en tant que tension de sortie. L'indicateur de position peut trouver son emploi à des fins de réglage, en liaison avec des commandes de réglage analogiques, ou en tant que résistance de réglage sans contact.
Patent BE-903334-A (BE)
Title: Nouveaux derives naphtaleniques a action retinoique, leurs procedes de preparation et compositions medicamenteuse et cosmetique les contenant
IPC: C07C43/164
Filed: 1985-09-27
Abstract: Nouveaux dérivés naphtaléniques de formule générale I, dans laquelle les substituants R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R11 et R12 possèdent les significations définies et a et b valent o ou 1, ainsi que les sels et isomères de ces composés, possédant une action rétinoique; procédés pour la préparation de ces composés et compositions médicamenteuses ou cosmétiques contenant ces composés.
Patent BE-787423-A (BE)
Title: Cleaning painted surfaces - by spraying with hot soap solution under pressure
IPC: B08B3/02
Filed: 1972-08-10
Abstract: Painted surface is cleaned by spraying under pressure with a soap soln. at a temp. above 50 degrees C pref. 80-100 degrees C. Rapidly and efficiency cleans the surface without leaving streaks. Surfaces coated with water soluble paints can be cleaned without removing the paint. Specif. the soln. is sprayed at a pressure of at least 140 kg/cm2. The soln. contains 2.5 kg soap per 100 l. water and is sprayed at the rate of 12-15 l/hr. The soln. may also contain sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, sodium hydroxide, resins and/or fatty acids. The soap soln. is collected from the surface by means of pieces of plastic foam.
Patent CA-1038025-A (CA)
Inventor: COLLINS JAMES R
IPC: H05B41/16
Filed: 1973-10-22
Granted: 1978-09-05
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE           There is provided a circuit for solid-state starting and ballasting gaseous discharge lamps operating on direct current.  The circuit provides a means of positive turn off and turn on of gaseous discharge lamps.  A direct current source is connected in series with a strating pulse trans-former, a gaseous discharge lamp and a constant current ballast transistor.  A resistor is connected across the lamp to shunt the ballast transistor off-state leakage current away from the lamp and a second transistor is connected to the base of the ballast transistor to provide a shunt path for the off-state leakage current away from the base-emitter junction of the ballast transistor.  The starting circuit for the lamp, which comprises an SCR connected in series with a pulse transformer primary winding and a capacitor, is separated from the transistor ballast.  A charging resistor is connected between the direct current source and the starting means, the value being large enough to conduct current below the holding current of the SCR so that it will commutate when gate drive is removed.  The gate terminal of the SCR and the base of the ballast transistor are connected to a common control signal input.  A second capacitor is connected to the direct current source and to the collector of the ballast transistor to bypass starting voltage spikes from the ballast transistor and to aid in starting the lamp.
Patent CA-1041658-A (CA)
Inventor: FAIRBAIRN DOUGLAS G
IPC: G09G5/12
Filed: 1974-09-06
Granted: 1978-10-31
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE           A video mixer for providing video signals to be displayed on a monitor, which signals may be derived from a character generator and an external video source. The mixer can route character generator video or external video only to the monitor.  The mixer may also on command mix these two signals to provide a combined output signal. The mixer has the further capability of deriving horizontal and vertical blanking signals from an incoming synchronization signal and providing them to the character generator for synchronization.
Patent CA-1052613-A (CA)
Inventor: STAPLES JON T
IPC: G03C8/08
Filed: 1974-11-05
Granted: 1979-04-17
Abstract: PROCESS FOR PRODUCING COLOR IMAGES                       Abstract Color images are prepared by: 1) treating an imagewise exposed photosensitive element comprising a nondiffusible redox dye releaser, such as a p-sulfonamidoaniline or p-sulfonamidophenol which is alkali-cleavable upon oxidation to release a diffusible dye such as an azo dye, with processing composition to form an imagewise distribution of diffusible, bleachable dye which diffuses out of the element, 2) bleaching to decolorize any imagewise released dye which has not diffused out of the element, and 3) removing the metallic silver and silver halide.
Patent CA-1049229-A (CA)
Inventor: IIDA KAZUO
IPC: B01J21/04
Filed: 1974-12-06
Granted: 1979-02-27
Abstract: PREPARATION OF ALUMINUM HYDRATE            ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE         Powdery alumina hydrate is produced from an alkylaluminum compound by hydrolysis of the alkylaluminum compound by water through the following steps; converting the alkylaluminum compound to an ether complex compound; partially hydrolyzing the ether complex compound in the presence of a non-reactive solvent at a temperature of not higher than about 150°C with stirring so that no alumina hydrate is precipitated until at least 0.8 moles of water reacts with one mole of the alkylaluminum compound, there-by forming polyaluminoxane; completely hydrolyzing the resulting polyaluminoxane at a concentration of not more than about 3.0 gram-atoms as aluminum per litre of non-reactive solvent at a temperature of about 10° to about 150°C with stirring, so that one mole of the feed alkyl-aluminum compound may be ultimately hydrolyzed completely with 2 to 10 moles of water, thereby precipitating alumina hydrate; and then separating the resulting alumina hydrate from the non-reactive solvent.  The alumina hydrate has a good forming ability and also an ability to provide formed shapes having a good mechanical strength.
Patent CA-1050265-A (CA)
Inventor: PONGHIS NIKOLAS G
IPC: C21B5/00
Filed: 1975-03-27
Granted: 1979-03-13
Abstract: ABSTRACT     Reducing gas is injected into a shaft furnace by means of a gas supply duct, an injection tube, and a tuyere co-axial with the injection tube.   The injection tube comprises a plasma furnace co-axial with and adjacent to the tuyere.   While the reducing gas is being injected into the shaft furnace a plasma is generated in the plasma furnace to heat the reducing gas.
Patent CA-1051075-A (CA)
Inventor: KROGSRUD HARALD
IPC: F27B3/18
Filed: 1975-04-25
Granted: 1979-03-20
Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure A rotatable furnace pot including stoking apparatus is disclosed.  The stoking apparatus is disposed within the side wall of the pot whereby the charge can be moved inward and upward in the furnace pot rather than compressed.  The present invention is especially useful in smelting processes wherein it is desirable to cause movement of the charge during the smelting process, e.g. smelting processes for the production of carbides, ferroalloys, silicon metal, silicon metal alloys and the like.
Patent CA-1049247-A (CA)
Inventor: LACEY KATHLEEN P
IPC: C23F11/18
Filed: 1975-05-09
Granted: 1979-02-27
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE           The tendency of polyphosphate liquids to corrode aluminum is inhibited by incorporating into the liquid a minor effective amount of an iron cyanide blue, either ferric ferrocyanide or ferrous ferricyanide.
Patent CA-1051189-A (CA)
Inventor: MOAT NICHOLAS W
IPC: C10L10/00
Filed: 1975-05-29
Granted: 1979-03-27
Abstract: "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO CORROSION INHIBITORS"     ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE     A corrosion inhibitor, particularly suitable for use in pipelines used for the transportation of hydrocarbon fluids such as crude petroleum or refined petroleum fractions, comprises a mixture of (a) from 1.8 to 25 parts by weight  dimerised unsaturated fatty acid and (b) 1 part by weight of an alkoxylated alkyl phenol and provides a WSIM number (as defined) of at least 60.
Patent CA-1041621-A (CA)
Inventor: KNUTSON WILLIAM J
IPC: H05K1/16
Filed: 1975-06-16
Granted: 1978-10-31
Abstract: MICROELECTRONIC VARIABLE INDUCTOR                  ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE      A conductor provided on an insulating support has a por-tion which forms an inductor.  Various components are con-nected to the conductor, as by soldering, to provide an elec-tronic circuit suitable for a particular application.  The conductor portion which forms the inductor has parallel branches and the value of the inductance can be changed by selectively open circuiting the branches.  This can be accomplished after the components are connected and the complete circuit is tested to determine whether a change in the inductance value is required.  The branches can be selectively open circuited by removing a portion of the conductor by a laser beam which does not substantially heat the structure, with the heat which is produced being highly localized.  Accordingly, this does not soften the solder connections of the components and there is no damaging effect on the circuit.  The inductor portion as described can be connected in series with a coil, and the total inductance value of the coil and the conductor can be adjusted by cutting sections from the parallel branches to thereby pro-vide the total inductance value required in a particular circuit application.