Patent GB-1104758-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of elongated fibrillated multifilamentary articles
Inventor: SANDIFORD DENIS JAMES HENRY
IPC: D01D10/04
Filed: 1964-07-01
Abstract: Shaped articles particularly narrow films and ribbons, of crystalline organic polymeric material which are in long lengths and which have been molecularly oriented longitudinally under such conditions as to cause incipient fibrillation are fibrillated by mechanical treatment and the fibrillated article is twisted about its longitudinal axis under sufficient tension to cause fibrillation of the article and also to cause transverse rupture of a proportion of the fibres forming the outer surface of the twisted article, thereby providing at least one broken fibre every one-thousandth of a square inch of the outer surface area of the twisted article, which area is calculated the product of the length of the twisted article multiplied by its average circumference.  "Incipient fibrillation" is defined as a condition of the article wherein it is readily separated into fibres by such mechanical shearing operations as grating, turning, twisting or brushing.  The term is also applied to articles in which partial separation into fibres has already occurred before the mechanical treatment.  The shaped article may consist of polyethylene, polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate. Longitudinal molecular orientation conditions favouring incipient fibrillation of the article are the use of a high draw ratio with equipment (such as widely spaced draw rolls) which allows transverse contraction of the article and the condition that the cross-sectional area of the article and one or both its cross-sectional dimensions are small.  The cross-sectional area of the article may be less than 0.150 sq. inch, preferably less than 0.030 sq. inch, before drawing. The article may be a film or ribbon of thickness less than 0.030 inch and of width less than 4 inches, preferably less than 3 inches.  The article may be a tubular film of diameter, before drawing, of up to 6 inches and of thickness less than 0.030 inch.  The article may be formed from a flat wide film by separating it longitudinally into a number of narrower films or monofils, for example, by longitudinal slitting. These may be twisted individually or two or more of the narrow films or monofils may be twisted together to produce a composite twisted material.  A preferred method of orienting a narrow film is to pass it from a first rotating roll through a zone in which it is heated to a temperature at which it will draw uniformly (but below its melting point), in the absence of any lateral restraining forces, to a second roll rotating at a peripheral speed which may be at least 10 times that of the first roll, the rolls being spaced sufficiently far apart to allow transverse contraction of the narrow film to occur.  The first roll may be heated and the second roll internally cooled.  The heating zone may be a hot air oven through which the film being drawn travels over a distance of several feet out of contact with guide rolls. The drawn article may be twisted in a conventional yarn or rope twisting machine under a tension - not exceeding about one quarter of the break strength of the article, e.g. of the order of 1 gram per denier.  The twisted elongated shaped articles produced according to the invention may be used as yarns, twines or ropes having a high tenacity, a high knot strength and a low twist recovery.