baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-905042-A (GB)
Title: Separation of hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C7/11
Filed: 1959-02-09
Abstract: <PICT:0905042/III/1> Hydrocarbons containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and different degrees of saturation are separated from each other by extractive distillation using, as solvent, a liquid containing at least 80% by weight of ammonia, the operating conditions being such that the ammonia content of the liquid flowing down the distillation tower is at least 50 weight per cent.  The process may be used for separating ethylene from ethane, propylene from propane, butylene from butane, and butadiene from butylene and butane.  In an example, a 50 : 50 mixture of butadiene and butylene is introduced through line 250 into tower 200; and liquid ammonia containing 3 to 8% of water is supplied via lines 256, 255 and 251.  The tower is operated at a temperature of 110 DEG  F. by reboiler 201, the pressure being 280 psia.  The concentration of ammonia in the liquid flowing down the tower is 70 to 90 wt. per cent.  The liquid withdrawn from the base of tower 200 is cooled to -20 DEG  F., and passed to separator 203 where two liquid layers are separated.  The top layer, which contains 75% butadiene and 25% ammonia, is partly returned to tower 200 via line 257, the remainder being distilled in tower 204.  Some of the ammonia vapours, obtained at the top of tower 204, are condensed and returned to tower 204 as reflux, the remainder of the vapours being passed to the base of tower 200. Butadiene is withdrawn from the base of tower 204 as product.  The lower layer from separator 203 is distilled in tower 207.  The butadiene/ammonia vapours leaving the top of tower 207 are returned to the base of tower 200.  The liquid withdrawn from the base of tower 207 contains 88% ammonia and 12% water; this liquid is introduced into tower 200 via lines 251 and 255.  The vapours leaving the top of tower 200 are condensed in condenser 210, and part of the condensate is returned to tower 200 as reflux.  The remainder of the condensate is cooled to -20 DEG  F. and passed to separator 212, where it separates into two liquid layers.  The upper layer is distilled in tower 213, and butylenes product is withdrawn from the base.  The ammonia obtained at the top of tower 213 is condensed, the condensate being returned to separator 212. The ammonia-rich layer withdrawn from the base of separator 212 is passed to tower 200 via line 255.  The separation of ammonia from admixture with hydrocarbons by solvent extraction with water of cyclohexane is also described.  If water is used as extractant, ammonia is recovered from the aqueous solution by distilling it, using live steam, at a pressure of 420 psia, whereby pure ammonia is obtained as distillate.
Patent GB-525002-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for recovering objects from wells and other borings
IPC: E21B31/00
Filed: 1939-02-10
Abstract: 525,002. Recovering objects from borings; welding. WARREN, S. F. (Armentrout, A. L.). Feb. 10, 1939, No. 4501. [Class 85] [Also in Group XXII] An electric tool for recovering objects from borings comprises an electrode formed at least in part of fusible material whereby the electrode may be fused to the object. In Figs. 2, 4 and 5, the tool body ilO is adapted to be lowered by a cable 19 and a reel with depth-indicating means, and carries spring-pressed electrodes 11 movable in tubes 23 insulated from the body 10 ; the electrodes have fusible tips 34 of steel, bronze, copper &c. with openings 37 containing flux. Deformable sheaths 39 of soft rubber &c. surround the electrodes, and compressed gas is admitted thereto from container 40 through pipe 42 to expel liquid. A transformer 53 has its secondary connected to the tubes 23 and its primary, with fuse 58, connected by leads passing through the cable 19 to a circuit 13 to which a low current is initially supplied ; when meters 52, 53a indicate that the electrodes contact with the object F the current is increased to fuse the tips 34. In Figs. 6, 8 and 10, the tool T<SP>1</SP> is lowered by a string of drill pipe P and includes batteries 67 for connection through leads 69 and fuse 97 to tubes, 61 containing spring-pressed electrodes 11a coated with shellac, lacquer &c. adapted to be chipped off by contact with the object F; a spring-pulled armature 93 initially maintains the battery circuit open, while ball ratchets prevent return of the electrodes after displacement. Above the batteries 67 is a tube 78 of insulating material supporting contact rings 76, 77, with spring fingers 80, 81 ; the rings 76, 77 are connected through leads 70a and armature 93 with the electrodes. After the tool T' has been lowered, a plug 82, Fig. 10, with sealing rings 82a, is lowered and an insulated contact ring 86 and a head 89 engage the spring fingers 80, 81 respectively, while a projection 116 opens a spring-pressed valve 110, Fig. 8, to allow fluid to drain from tube 78 to a container 111. Conductors 70 lead from ring 86 and head 89 to a source of current 13a above ground. In use, a low current is supplied to conductors 70, and when indication is received that the electrodes contact the object F, this current is increased to energize a coil 95, whereby armature 93 is moved to open the circuit through conductors 70, and close the circuit from the batteries 67 to the electrodes, a . coil 96 being simultaneously energized to hold the armature. The electrodes are thereby welded to the object F, fuse 97 blowing when the welds are satisfactory whereby the circuit through conductors 70 is re-established and indication is given above ground. If required, the object F may be cleaned and freed from the well &c. bottom by forcing fluid through the drill pipe P and tubes 99. Fig. 8. In another form three or more electrodes of carbon &c. surround a single fusible electrode.
Patent GB-1514413-A (GB)
Title: Spark plugs
IPC: H01T13/04
Filed: 1976-02-05
Abstract: 1514413 Spark plug F E BERSTLER 5 Feb 1976 04508/76 Heading F1B [Also in Division H2] A spark plug Fig. 2, which may be disassembled for cleaning has a removable central electrode 18 loosely located in an insulative member 14 such that the spark gap defining end of the electrode is fully shielded by portion 38 of the member 14. The member 14 sealingly engages the plug base 12 via an annular groove 42 and annular ridge 44a. The electrode 18 may be of carbon and the other electrode 22 of an alloy of cobalt, chromium, tungsten, carbon and silicon (proportions given). The earth electrode may be cleaned in situte access being gained by removing electrode 18 (cf also Division H2).
Patent GB-839684-A (GB)
Title: Character indicating device
IPC: H05B33/26
Filed: 1959-02-10
Abstract: 839,684. Electroluminescent devices. NATIONAL CASH REGISTER CO. Feb. 10, 1959 [Feb. 26, 1958], No. 4559/59. Class 39(1). A display device comprises a light-transmitting panel 20 coated with a transparent electrode 21 connected to a voltage source, an electroluminescent layer 22, 23 and a plurality of individual conductive matrix elements 25-31 selectively connectable to the other terminal of the voltage source whereby the connection of any predetermined combination of the matrix elements to the source in accordance with a character to be represented causes the electroluminescent layer beneath the selected elements to luminesce to provide a representation of the desired character. The electroluminescent layer 22, 23 comprises electroluminescent zinc sulphide embedded in a layer of light absorbing dielectric. In another embodiment an unilluminated representation of the desired character is produced against an illuminated background.
Patent GB-577980-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for measuring or indicating the roughnessesor undulations of a surface
IPC: G01B5/28
Filed: 1943-03-24
Abstract: 577,980. Straight-line linkages. KAPELLA, Ltd., REASON, R. E., and BERRIDGE, D. R. March 24, 1943, Nos. 4770/43 and 209/44. [Class 80 (iii)] [Also in Group XIX] A linkage for. giving substantially straightline motion to a bar carrying the stylus of a surface-roughness measuring machine (see Group XIX) may take any of the several forms shown in outline in the Figs. The joints between the various links may be of the spring-ligamenthinge type or may comprise spring-pressed ball- and-socket devices.
Patent GB-945504-A (GB)
Title: New corticosteroids and their formation
IPC: C07J75/00
Filed: 1961-02-09
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds having the formula: <FORM:0945504/C2/1> in which R1 represents a ketone group, a hydroxy group or the group -OX; R2 and R3 which may be the same or different, connote either a hydroxy group or the group -OX, and X signifies an acyl radical which is derived either from an organic carboxylic acid containing from 1-18 carbon atoms or from a mineral acid and processes for the preparation thereof which comprise the steps of reacting a 3b -acyloxy -5a -pregnan -20- one, the acyloxy substituent of which contains from 1-18 carbon atoms with a Grignard reagent so as to form a 3b -acyloxy-20-hydroxy-20-alkoxy-alkyl-5a -pregnane, subjecting this compound to the action of a dehydrating agent to yield a 3b -acyloxy-20-formyl-5a -pregnane and then condensing this product in an alkaline medium with formaldehyde to yield 3b -hydroxy-20-bis-(hydroxymethylene) -5a - pregnane.  This compound may be converted to any of the other compounds of the above formula by first protecting the 20-bis-(hydroxymethylene) grouping e.g. by forming a cyclic ketal with an aldehyde or ketone, and thereafter oxidising, esterifying or saponifying as required. Specifications 945,501, 945,502 and 945,503 are referred to.
Patent GB-636709-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of boxes of paper, cardboard or the like material
IPC: B65D5/32
Filed: 1948-02-19
Abstract: 636,709. Boxes. FIELD SONS & CO., Ltd., and TOMLINI, F. Feb. 19, 1948, No. 4885. Addition to, 608,633. [Class 18] The gummed sheet forming part of the box claimed in the parent Specification is formed and creased to provide a continuous seal round the box edges to render the box dust-proof. The sheet may comprise a strip folded round the sides of the box and overlapping the top and base, or it may cover completely the base or top, being folded up round the sides to overlap the panel opposite that completely covered. Figs. 4 and 7 show blanks for the latter embodiment. The boxes may be formed from blanks as shown in Figs. 1 and 6.
Patent GB-1107710-A (GB)
Title: Machine for applying information to a moving article
IPC: B65C9/18
Filed: 1965-02-04
Abstract: 1,107,710. Labelling machines. CHESHIRE Inc. 4 Feb., 1965 [4 Feb., 1964], No. 4921/65. Heading B8F. [Also in Division B6] Labels are gummed and applied to articles moving along a table by an impression roller. The label information is printed in columns and rows on a sheet from which a transverse strip is cut by a power-operated guillotine. An idler roller is mounted on the movable blade of the guillotine and co-operates with a strip feed roller to feed the label strip parallel to its longitudinal axis between a knife and an anvil roller which detaches individual labels and feeds them to an impression roller having vacuum openings and on which it is gummed and by which it is applied to the article. The article feed has means to stop the label feed if an article is missing. A brake in the form of a suction head holds the label strip during the severing operation. The information may be placed on the sheet as a reverse image which is transferred to the article by heat and pressure or by a spirit duplication process. The label is stripped from the article after the image has been transferred by a suction pad.
Patent GB-712269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to trays
Inventor: SAX GEORGE JAMES
IPC: A47G23/06
Filed: 1952-02-26
Abstract: 712,269. Trays. SAX, G. J., MILES, A. E., and SIMMONDS, L. E. Oct. 15, 1952 [Feb. 26, 1952], No. 4944/52. Class 18 A collapsible tray comprises a base 11 fitting in grooves 15, 16 in the sides, the sides having .sloping grooves 17, 22 engaged by corner pieces 21 to hold the parts together. A screw 29 may give added security and opposed sides may have metal reinforcements on their lower edges.
Patent GB-1008855-A (GB)
Title: Stabilized polymer compositions
IPC: C08K5/10
Filed: 1964-02-05
Abstract: Polymers are protected from the effect of ultra-violet light by the incorporation therein of a compound of formula:-  <FORM:1008855/C3/1> wherein a and n are the same or different and are each zero or one, Z is an alkylidene radical of 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylidene radical of 5 or 6 carbon atoms and Y is an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a chlorine atom.  Exemplified are polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ethylene or vinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyformaldehyde, styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, S.B.R., natural rubber, chlorinated rubber, styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer, poly ethyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymer, maleic anhydride/phthalic anhydride/propylene glycol polyester and cellulose nitrate.  The stabilizer may be mixed with the polymer dry or in solution or the polymer may be impregnated with a solution of the stabilizer.  When the polymer is polyethylene or polypropylene an amount of silica up to 10% by weight may be added to improve the compatibility of the ester with the polymer. Specification 981,830 is referred to.ALSO:Filter paper is protected from deterioration due to the action of ultra-violet light by impregnation with a solution of a compound of formula:-  <FORM:1008855/D1-D2/1> wherein a and n are each zero or one, Z is an alkylidene radical of 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylidene radical of 5 or 6 carbon atoms and Y is an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a chlorine atom. Specification 981,830 is referred to.
Patent GB-918726-A (GB)
Title: Derivatives of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-benzohydroquinone-(1,4) and a process for the manufacture thereof
Inventor: GLOOR URS
IPC: C07C43/243
Filed: 1959-02-13
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the formula:  <FORM:0918726/IV (b)/1> in which the double bond(s) containing a broken line may be fully hydrogenated and n is 1 to 4 inclusive, and a process for the preparation thereof by condensing 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-benzohydroquinone-(1,4) or a 4-acyl derivative thereof with a tertiary alcohol of the formula:  <FORM:0918726/IV (b)/2> or a primary alcohol obtained from this tertiary alcohol by allyl rearrangement or with an esterification product and, if necessary, hydrolysing the condensation product.  The condensation may be effected in the presence of an acid condensing agent, e.g. zinc chloride in ether with the addition of acetic acid.  Hydrolysis of the 4-acyl group may be effected with alkali.  The Provisional Specification also discloses a process in which a compound having the second of the above formulae wherein n is 0 or 6-9, is employed.
Patent GB-1199131-A (GB)
Title: Improved Closure
Inventor: BRAUN MORRIS
IPC: B65D51/22
Filed: 1969-01-30
Abstract: 1,199,131. Container closure. W. BRAUN CO. 30 Jan., 1969, No. 5117/69. Heading B8T. A closure for a container opening comprises a cap 22 with a cutting element 34 and an annular rib 30 which retains a sealing member 38, the element 34 cutting bridging strips 48 to divide the member 38 into two as the cap is screwed down to seal the container. The member 38 comprises a disc-like body consisting of outer, intermediate and inner annular segments, 42, 44 and 46 respectively. The segment 44 has an annular rib extension 56 whereas the inner segment 46 has three spaced extensions 47 adjacent to the bridging strips 48 which connect the segments 44, 46. The segment 46 connects with a central hollow member 50. When the member 38 is within the cap 22, the cutting edge 36 of the element 34 engages the bridging strips 48. As the cap is screwed on to the container, the bottom 57 of the annular rib 56 and the bottom 61 of extension 47 rest on the recessed top 14 of the container. The member 50 occupies the container opening. The cutting element 34 severs the bridging strips 48 thus leaving the segment 46 and the member 50 to form a seal-tight closure. When the cap is unscrewed in use, the segments 42, 44 remain with the cap. In a modification, Fig. 6 (not shown), the annular rib 56 is replaced by spaced ribs 70 adjacent the bridging strips 48.
Patent GB-230066-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to incandescent cathodes for discharge tubes
IPC: H01J35/06
Filed: 1925-02-24
Abstract: 230,066. Siemens & Halske Akt.-Ges. Feb. 26, 1924, [Convention date]. R÷ntgen-ray tubes; vacuum tubes.-An incandescent cathode consists of a wire 5 wound in the shape of a ring with zig-zag bends lying in a plane at rightangles to the direction of the electron stream. The wire is mounted in a focusing cylinder 1 around a central pin 3, to which one end of the wire is connected, the other end being connected through a hook 5 with the cylinder. At intermediate points the wire is mounted on insulated supports 6.
Patent GB-651895-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in plate coating machine or "whirler"
IPC: G03F7/16
Filed: 1948-02-21
Abstract: <PICT:0651895/III/1> <PICT:0651895/III/2> <PICT:0651895/III/3> <PICT:0651895/III/4> A plate whirler has a tub and includes a double hinged cover for the tub, means for counterbalancing the sections of the cover hinged together and means for maintaining said hinged cover sections at a minimum low level in the opening movements of the same. Referring to the drawings, the cover comprises three sections, stationary section 10 affixed to tub 11, intermediate section 12 hinged to section 10 by leaf hinges on top of these sections and front section 13 hinged to section 12 by hinges 15 on the undersides of these sections.  Front section 13 is lifted in parallel with the horizontal by positioning link 16 pivoted at 17 to fixed strut 18 and at 19 to lever 20 fixed to top of section 13.  Counterbalancing weights 23 and 24 control the lifting and foot pedal 33 may be used to close, or hold partially open, the cover.  Ventilating and drying means may comprise ventilating louvres 40, heater and blower 41 and a flaring hood 42 for projecting heated air down through the top of cover section 10 (Fig. 10).
Patent GB-1452633-A (GB)
Title: Fabrication of solar cells with anti-reflective coating
IPC: H01L31/04
Filed: 1974-02-05
Abstract: 1452633 Solar cells COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORP 5 Feb 1974 [22 Aug 1973] 05280/74 Heading H1K A solar cell is provided with an anti-reflective layer and a top electrode by the following sequence of steps. (1) A layer of Nb, Ta, Zr, or Hf is deposited on the top surface of the semiconductor body (e.g. Si) and is oxidized to form an anti-reflective layer. (2) Successive layers of a masking metal such as Ag, Al or Cr and a photoresist are deposited on the anti-reflective layer and a pattern of openings corresponding to the desired electrode pattern is formed in the photo-resist. (3) Firstly the masking metal and subsequently the anti-reflective layer are etched through the openings. (4) The electrode metal (e.g. Rh but preferably Au-on-Au/Cr-on-Cr) is deposited on the remaining photo-resist and on the exposed semiconductor in the openings. (5) The photo-resist and overlying electrode metal are lifted off and the masking metal is removed.
Patent GB-1255292-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to piezoelectric transducers
Inventor: MORTLEY WILFRID SINDEN
IPC: H03H9/145
Filed: 1970-02-04
Abstract: 1,255,292. Piezoelectric transducers. MARCONI CO. Ltd. 10 Nov., 1970 [4 Feb., 1970], No. 5325/70. Heading H3U. A transducer for a delay line comprises two sets 1, 2 of interleaved electrodes forming an interdigital line grating, the sets being separated from each other by a layer 4 of insulating material, e.g. aluminium oxide, silicon oxide or silicon nitride applied by radio frequency sputtering. The interposed layer 4 prevents short circuits between the sets 1, 2 resulting from manufacturing difficulties when the electrode spacing is extremely small. If the electrode spacing is ten microns the layer 4 may be one micron thick. The grating is formed on a piezoelectric body 3 and covered by an insulating layer 5. The grating may comprise more than two sets of interleaved electrodes and in another embodiment (Figs. 3, 4, not shown) there are three superposed sets separated from each other by two insulating layers.
Patent GB-553427-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the alloying of tungsten with molten ferrous metal
IPC: C22C33/00
Filed: 1942-04-21
Abstract: 553,427. Alloys. CLIMAX MOLYBDENUM CO. April 21, 1942, No. 5355. Convention date, April 7, 1941. [Class 82 (i)] Iron alloys containing tungsten are made by adding to molten ferrous metal a mixture of an oxide of tungsten, a carbonaceous binder, and a more active reducing agent which may be one or more of the elements aluminium, silicon, calcium, and magnesium. The mixture may be in the form of briquettes which are preferably highly compressed, and the addition may be made in the ladle or may be part of the furnace charge. The ferrous metal may also contain chromium or vanadium. Specification 513,853 is referred to.
Patent GB-1158522-A (GB)
Title: Solid Ionic Conductors
Inventor: ARGUE GARY RAMSAY
IPC: H01M6/18
Filed: 1967-02-03
Abstract: 1,158,522. Complex iodides. NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION Inc. 3 Feb., 1967 [11 Feb., 1966; 1 Aug., 1966], No. 5383/67. Heading C1A. A solid ionic conductor is comprised of a substance of the formula MAg 4 I 5 , where M consists of one or more of Rb and NH 4  with or without K and with or without not more than 50 atomic per cent of Cs. The conductor may have the empirical formula MAg 3 I 4 , wherein M consists of one or more of Rb and NH 4  with or without K, and as such exists as a multiphase mixture of the high conductivity compound MAg 4 I 5  and of a high resistivity component which may include M 2 AgI 3  and MI. The conductors are made by reacting mixtures of ground metal iodides in appropriate ratios by (a) melting and quenching the melt, followed by annealing if a single phase is desired, (b) heating to anneal the mixture in the solid state or (c) reacting in a solvent, e.g. acetone, which is subsequently evaporated. The conductive compounds may be diluted with materials such as calcium sulphate, silica, and methylmethacrylate polymers, which can serve as desiccants or can give stability.