baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NZ-617661-A (NZ)
Title: Nasal mask system
Inventor: GOLDSPINK LACHLAN RICHARD
IPC: F16L37/098
Filed: 2010-05-28
Abstract: Disclosed is an elbow for a mask system. The elbow has a mask connection end adapted to connect to the mask system and a tube connection end adapted to connect to an air delivery tube that delivers breathable gas to a patient. The mask connection end has a first region constructed of a more rigid material and a second region constructed of a more flexible material. The first region includes a button on one side of the mask connection end. The second region connects the button to the rest of the first region, thereby providing flexibility to the mask connection end to allow one or more portions of the first region to flex inwardly towards an air path through the elbow, in turn enabling engagement and disengagement of the mask connection end with the mask system.
Patent NZ-620475-A (NZ)
Title: High-protein beverages comprising whey protein
Inventor: PETER LESLIE CRAWSHAW
IPC: E04H12/22
Filed: 2011-07-18
Abstract: 620475 A method of constructing a post and a fence using such a post is disclosed. The method
Patent NZ-701709-A (NZ)
Title: Monoclonal antibodies to progastrin and their uses
Inventor: PANNEQUIN JULIE
IPC: C07K16/26
Filed: 2010-10-15
Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-hPG monoclonal antibody that specifically binds an N-terminal region of human progastrin (hPG), wherein said anti-hPG monoclonal antibody yields a statistically significant reduction in the number of live colorectal cancer cell lines after in vitro treatment of a test sample as compared to a control sample treated with a non-specific monoclonal antibody.
Patent NZ-716854-A (NZ)
Title: Anti-activin a antibodies and uses thereof
Inventor: MURPHY ANDREW
IPC: C07K16/22
Filed: 2014-07-30
Abstract: The present invention provides antibodies that bind to Activin A and methods of using the same. According to certain embodiments of the invention, the antibodies are fully human antibodies that bind to Activin A with high affinity. The antibodies of the invention are useful for the treatment of diseases and disorders characterized by decreased muscle mass or strength, such as sarcopenia, cachexia, muscle injury, muscle wasting/atrophy, cancer, fibrosis, and weight loss. The antibodies of the invention are also useful in combination with GDF8 binding proteins for the treatment of diseases and disorders characterized by decreased muscle mass or strength. The antibodies of the invention are also useful for the prevention, treatment, or amelioration of disorders and diseases caused by, promoted by, exacerbated by, and/or aggravated by Activin A, such as renal fibrosis.
Patent NZ-720188-A (NZ)
Title: Method for increasing paper strength
Inventor: LU CHEN
IPC: D21H21/10
Filed: 2014-11-24
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for increasing paper strength in papermaking process comprising adding to a pulp a composition comprising an anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and a high charge cationic glyoxylated polyacrylamide (GPAM). The present invention also provides paper obtained with said method.
Patent NZ-721645-A (NZ)
Title: Compounds for use as gpr120 agonists
Inventor: KUMAR SANJAY
IPC: C07D513/06
Filed: 2015-02-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, stereoisomer, geometrical isomer, prodrug, carboxylic acid isostere, solvate, polymorph, N-oxide, S-oxide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are GPR120 agonists. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition of a compound of formula (I) for the treatment of metabolic disorders, particularly Type 2 diabetes and associated diseases.
Patent NZ-749305-A (NZ)
Title: Rna-guided human genome engineering
Inventor: CHURCH GEORGE M
IPC: C12N15/00
Filed: 2013-12-16
Abstract: The invention provides a method of altering a eukaryotic cell comprising providing to the eukaryotic cell a plurality of crRNA-tracrRNA fusion guide RNA sequences (sgRNAs) complementary to different target nucleic acid sequences and a Cas9 protein which interacts with the guide RNA sequences. The invention also provides the use of a single sgRNAs, a nuclease null Cas9 and Cas9 modified to include a FokI nuclease domain, a transcriptional activator/repressor or a fluorescent protein.
Patent NZ-750290-A (NZ)
Title: Amino pyrimidine ssao inhibitors
Inventor: COATES DAVID
IPC: C07D239/48
Filed: 2017-08-04
Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where n and R1 are defined herein, methods of treating patients for liver disease, and processes for preparing the compounds. Compounds of formula (I) are inhibitors of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO).
Patent NZ-755463-A (NZ)
Title: PAP System
Inventor: MARTIN DION CHARLES CHEWE
IPC: A61M16/08
Filed: 2010-08-27
Abstract: Systems, devices and methods of use adapted for treatment of respiratory disease or sleep disordered breathing include a patient interface (10) adapted to be secured to and sealed against a portion of a patient’s face, in use. A flow generator is adapted to be connected to the patient interface and to be secured by a portion of the patient’s body. The flow generator includes a blower (50) adapted to provide pressurised breathable gas to a patient through the patient interface. The blower is adapted to be at least partially vibrationally isolated from the patient’s body by at least one dampening system or device. The dampening device or system is adapted to reduce the amount of transmitted vibration received by the patient. A PAP system includes a patient interface including sealing arrangement (30) adapted to form a seal with the patient’s nose and/or mouth and headgear (40) to support the sealing arrangement in position on the patient’s head. A blower is structured to generate a supply of pressurized air. The blower is supported by the patient interface on the patient’s head and in communication with the patient interface. The headgear forms one or more ducts (42) to communicate pressurized air from the blower to a breathing cavity defined by the sealing arrangement.
Patent NZ-787184-A (NZ)
Title: Articles and formulations for smoking products and vaporizers
Inventor: PANDOLFINO JOSEPH
IPC: A24D1/02
Filed: 2020-09-10
Abstract: A vaporizer cartridge comprising at least 5 mg of very low THC cannabis, at least 5 mg of low nicotine tobacco and flavorants in a vented compartment, where the THC cannabis comprises a collective THCA/THC content of equal to or less than 3 mg/g, and wherein the low nicotine tobacco comprises a nicotine content of equal to or less than 3 mg/g. This allow for the customization of tobacco and cannabis smoking products for harm reduction and different flavours.
Patent PT-100197-A (PT)
Title: Water-dispersible tablets and process for preparing them
Inventor: FIELDEN KRYSTYNA ELZBIETA
IPC: A61K47/00
Filed: 1992-03-05
Abstract: The invention relates to water-dispersible tablets comprising an active compound such as acyclovir or lamotrigin, and a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent is a binding clay such as a smectite, for example Veegum F or bentonite, and is generally present in the tablet granules so as to provide a tablet which is capable of dispersing in water within 3 minutes so as to form a dispersion which passes through a 710 μm sieve. The tablet may be film coated, and in this case the dispersion time is less than 5 minutes.
Patent PT-105678-A (PT)
Title: Processo de produção de chapas multicamada de pedra ornamental
Inventor: ERBA SAVERIO DELL
IPC: B28D1/06
Filed: 2011-05-06
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO REFERE-SE A UM PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE CHAPAS MULTICAMADA DE PEDRA ORNAMENTAL, EM PARTICULAR DE PEDRA MÁRMORE OU GRANITO, PARA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO EM MÁQUINAS CONVENCIONAIS DE CORTE DE BLOCOS DE PEDRA. O PROCESSO COMPREENDE OS PASSOS DE: A) CORTE DE CHAPAS DE MATERIAL NOBRE NUM ENGENHO CONVENCIONAL; B) CORTE DE CHAPAS DE MATERIAL DE TERCEIRA QUALIDADE OU DE SEGUNDA QUALIDADE; C) UNIÃO ALTERNADA DAS CHAPAS OBTIDAS NOS PASSOS ANTERIORES, DE MODO A FORMAR, PELO MENOS, UM BLOCO MULTICAMADA COMPACTO; D) COLOCAÇÃO DO, PELO MENOS UM, BLOCOMULTICAMADA DO PASSO ANTERIOR, DE TAL MODO QUE OS ELEMENTOS CORTANTES FIQUEM ALTERNADAMENTE ALINHADOS COM A PARTE CENTRAL DE UMA CHAPA DE MATERIAL NOBRE E COM A PARTE CENTRAL DE UMA CHAPA DE MATERIAL DE TERCEIRA QUALIDADE OU DE SEGUNDA QUALIDADE CONTÍGUA À REFERIDA CHAPA DE MATERIAL NOBRE; E) CORTE DE CHAPAS MULTICAMADA.
Patent PT-106664-A (PT)
Title: Lâmpada com controlo do fluxo luminoso
Inventor: CARVALHO JO O PAULO PEREIRA DE
IPC: F21K99/00
Filed: 2012-11-22
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO CONSISTE NUMA LÂMPADA COM CASQUILHO STANDARD (1) CAPAZ DE FUNCIONAR DO MODO TRADICIONAL (ON/OFF), SE LIGADA POR MEIO DE UM INTERRUPTOR NORMAL, E COM CONTROLO DA DIRECÇÃO DO FLUXO LUMINOSO E INTENSIDADE, SE LIGADA E OPERADA ATRAVÉS DE UM CONTROLO REMOTO APROPRIADO (APARELHO ELECTRÓNICO DE COMANDO, COM OU SEM FIOS). O UTILIZADOR PODE ESCOLHER SE A LUZ É OMNIDIRECCIONAL, SE É ORIENTADA PARA CIMA E/OU PARA BAIXO, OU SE É ORIENTADA PARA UM DOS QUADRANTES/LADOS. ESTE EFEITO CONSEGUE-SE UTILIZANDO VÁRIAS FONTES DE LUZ, COM O FLUXO ORIENTADO PARA DIRECÇÕES DIFERENTES (2) (3) (4), LIGANDO E/OU DESLIGANDO ALGUMAS DESSAS FONTES DE LUZ NAS DIRECÇÕES PRETENDIDAS. O UTILIZADOR PODERÁ AINDA FAZER VARIAR A INTENSIDADE DO FLUXO LUMINOSO (FUNÇÃO DIMMING), FAZENDO VARIAR A INTENSIDADE DE CADA FONTE DE LUZ. ESTA LÂMPADA APRESENTA AINDA UM MODO DE FUNCIONAMENTO PARA ASSINALAR EMERGÊNCIAS, FAZENDO RODAR OU PULSAR O FLUXO LUMINOSO, DE ACORDO COM O PARAMETRIZADO PELO UTILIZADOR.
Patent PT-110626-A (PT)
Title: Matriz cromatográfica, método e seus usos
Inventor: FANI PEREIRA DE SOUSA
IPC: B01J20/22
Filed: 2018-03-15
Abstract: A PRESENTE DIVULGAÇÃO DIZ RESPEITO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA NOVA FASE ESTACIONÁRIA PARA A SEPARAÇÃO DE ÁCIDOS NUCLEICOS NO CONTEXTO DE CROMATOGRAFIA PREPARATIVA, UTILIZANDO UMA MATRIZ CROMATOGRÁFICA, DE PREFERÊNCIA UMA MATRIZ MACROPOROSA, EM PARTICULAR UMA MATRIZ DE UM POLÍMERO METACRÍLICO EPOXILADO, MODIFICADA COM O LÍQUIDO IÓNICO (LI) CLORETO DE 1-METILIMIDAZÓLIO IMOBILIZADO COMO LIGANDO MULTIMODAL. ESTE DESENVOLVIMENTO TRADUZ-SE NUMA MATRIZ CROMATOGRÁFICA FUNCIONALIZADA COM O LÍQUIDO IÓNICO, SENDO QUE O ESPECTRO DE RMN CPMAS DE 13C DA MATRIZ CROMATOGRÁFICA NÃO FUNCIONALIZADA (MP) E DIFERENTE DO RESPECTIVO ESPECTRO DA MATRIZ CROMATOGRÁFICA FUNCIONALIZADA COM O LÍQUIDO IÓNICO CLORETO DE 1-METILIMIDAZÓLIO (MP-SILPRMIMCL).
Patent RO-85635-A (RO)
Inventor: AIGNESBERGER ALOIS
IPC: C04B24/30
Filed: 1982-11-08
Abstract: The present invention provides acid group-containing, thermostable, hydrophilic condensation products of aldehydes and ketones, wherein the ketones used are symmetrical or asymmetrical ketones with acyclic aliphatic, araliphatic and/or aromatic radicals, at least one radical being non-aromatic. The present invention also provides processes for the production of these condensation products, which can be used as thickening agents, retention agents, surface-active agents, dispersion agents and/or liquefying agents, especially in aqueous systems.
Patent RU-94003605-A (RU)
Title: Sexual stimulator
Inventor: IZMEST EV V A
IPC: A61F5/41
Filed: 1994-02-02
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: sexual stimulator with the possible elongation of penis, treatment of the sexual complexes of married couple, prolongation of the phase and strength of penis erection in the sexual act after phase of euyaculation by fastening in urethra and holding in it of euyaculate, is made of elastic chamber, cylindrical body with channel and valve connected by automatic lock-retainer (male part of the stimulator) with hetero- and homogeneous shaped stimuli of the women sexual organ with various patterns of location of stimuli-projections of the shell (the female part). The elastic chamber with its tight contact of its shell with the wall of urethra after expansion of its volume by introduction into the chamber hollow of the medium at some pressure through the channel with valve, strengthens and holds the sexual stimulator in the penis, additionally excites during friction of the receptors with tight contact of the shell and urethra mucosa and creates for the man more rich mosaic of sexual sensations. The shaped stimulus has matring part of the lock- retainer, sucker to the neck of the uterus, chamber tightly closed with valve, channel connecting the chamber with the source of media under pressure to impart to the chamber volume corresponding to the sizes of the concrete female sexual organ, shaped surface of the shell with possibility to excite the erotogenic zones of pudendal lips, vagina mucosa and neck of the uterus by projections of the variable degree of elasticity. EFFECT: higher efficiency.
Patent RU-94007551-A (RU)
Inventor: SALO N V
IPC: A62C13/22
Filed: 1994-03-05
Abstract: FIELD: volumetric fire fighting and explosion prevention in living, industrial and store rooms, in pits, mines and on transport. SUBSTANCE: fire fighting is performed with the aid of fire extinguisher in which percussion cap operates and ignites channel charge generating flow of aerosol with supersonic speed across outlet of nozzle. Flow is formed by means of injector acting from flow of aerosol. Other fire-fighting means can be additionally fed with its usage to source of fire. Fire extinguisher includes percussion cap and case with channel cylindrical charge of aerosol-forming fuel. Nozzles with apex angle 25-35 deg and critical diameter equal to that of channel are made in both butts of charge. Injectors composed of diffusers coaxially joined to case with the use of diaphragm with intakes can be additionally positioned on butts of charge. EFFECT: expanded application field.
Patent RU-94019071-A (RU)
Inventor: KUZNETSOV D L
IPC: B01D53/50
Filed: 1994-05-25
Abstract: FIELD: purification of flue gases of thermal power stations and waste gases of sintering machines. SUBSTANCE: method involves radiating flow of mixture of flue gases and water vapors with pulsed periodically supplied electron beam with optimum current density and pulse duration value sufficient to provide for chain mechanism of plasmochemical reaction of final oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid in flue gases. Pulse duration value exceeds time of adherence of electron to oxygen molecule and is below time of recombination of positive nitrogen ions and negative oxygen ions. Pulse supply frequency depends on mixture flow rate and required purification extent. Radiation with electron beam is conducted in the direction perpendicular to mixture flow. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of purified gas.
Patent RU-94021925-A (RU)
Inventor: UVE ADLER
IPC: B60L50/15
Filed: 1992-10-05
Abstract: FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: device is intended for use in automobile whose wheels 13 are driven by special electric motors 11 energized by generator 3 set into operation by internal combustion engine 1 through DC voltage intermediate circuit 7. Speed of internal combustion engine 1 and separate wheels 13 is evaluated by circuit arrangements 31, 37 operated by pulse signals from switching circuit arrangements 5, 9 of generator 3 and electric motors 11. Switching circuit arrangements 5, 9 putout pulse signals depending on position pickups 15, 17 installed on generator 3 or on electric motors 11. Thanks to it speed can be accurately determined by means of drive units provided on vehicle. Speed evaluation is carried out particularly when antiblocking system (ABS) and driving wheel slip regulation system (ASR) are used in automobile. EFFECT: higher efficiency.
Patent RU-94028926-A (RU)
Inventor: ASPANDIJAROV B B
IPC: H02K19/20
Filed: 1994-08-02
Abstract: FIELD: electrical machines; noncontact low- and medium-power drives; self-contained synchronous generators mounted in rotating mechanism bush and in windmill with winding internal voltage of frequency ranging between 50 and 1500 Hz. SUBSTANCE: variable-speed inductor machine gas stator frame 1 with through slots 2 accommodating laminated bars 3 made of ferromagnetic material, two ferromagnetic stator stacks 4, armature winding 6 with DC leads 7 and AC leads 8, ferromagnetic laminated rotor bars 9 placed in slots of nonmagnetic cylinders 10 mounted on shaft 11 coaxially in respect to stator stacks, end disks 12, axial bracing studs, and nuts. Conductors 15 and 16 are essentially, those of two single-layer three-phase windings, respectively. Coils of one of phases of these windings, direction of unipolar magnetic flux, and closed bypass circuit for conductors carrying current are shown in the illustration. EFFECT: improved design. 2 dwg
Patent RU-94029840-A (RU)
Inventor: KIRILJUK A KH
IPC: A01B1/06
Filed: 1994-08-17
Abstract: FIELD: agricultural implements. SUBSTANCE: hiller has double-mouldboard share with shank connected to it and pulling handle. Mounted on shank is bracket with holes for fixing of pulling handle in position and grip for stubbing hiller in earth at various angles as to horizontal plane in working position. Located between aforesaid holes is another hole for fixing of pulling handle in transport position. Attached to share bottom in its front part is undercutting blade in the form of triangular strip. Arm is tubular. EFFECT: high efficiency. 6 dwg
Patent RU-94035661-A (RU)
Inventor: ROBERT DZHON NAJT
IPC: A01N47/38
Filed: 1994-10-06
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: product: pesticide composition containing 1,2,4-triazole compound and pyrethroid insecticide. Indicated composition shows high effectiveness against aphid-pests and can be used in agriculture. EFFECT: high effectiveness of composition.
Patent RU-94044267-A (RU)
Inventor: SHPIGUN L K
IPC: G01N27/333
Filed: 1994-12-19
Abstract: FIELD: potentiometric methods of analysis and check of concentration of ions in aqueous solutions, can be used in chemical, metallurgical industries, optical chemistry and in practice of scientific researches. SUBSTANCE: in the membrane of ion-selective electrode for determining the activity of perrhenate-ions, containing an electrode-active substance on the basis of an ion associate of perrhenate-ions with organic cation immobilized in a polymeric matrix on the basis of polyvinyl chloride and organic plasticizer, ion associate of perrhenate-ions with cations of tetrazolium is used as the electrode-active substance, and O-nitrophenyloctyl ether is used as plasticizer at the following relation of membrane components (percent by weight): Electrode-active substance 3.1 to 6.2 Polyvinyl chloride 35.9 to 37.5 O-nitrophenyloctyl ether 57.8 to 59.4. EFFECT: expanded range of determination of activity of perrhenate-ions towards the lower limit of detection, enhanced mechanical strength of electrode membrane.
Patent RU-94045485-A (RU)
Inventor: BRAJLOVSKIJ A B
IPC: G01N22/00
Filed: 1994-12-28
Abstract: FIELD: spectrometry. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to examination and analysis of gases with the use of microwave radiation and may be used in molecular spectroscopy of gas and vapor admitters, for instance, for monitoring of technological processes directly in reactors. Method is carried out by action on examined gas with microwave radiation which frequency F(t) is used to scan with reference to frequencies of spectral lines of gas absorption with rate dF/dt meeting condition, where ΔFis half-width of spectral absorption line of absorption of gas in Hz and by reception and detection of radiation passed through gas. In correspondence with invention duration of scanning period frequency during action on gas with microwave radiation is selected higher than 1/1/ΔF, and signal U(t) passed through detector is changed after analog-to-digital conversion by law:, where H [U(t)] is Hilbert transform of signal U(t), μ = dF/dt, and Fourier transform of signal U(t) is conducted after this. EFFECT: design of high-sensitivity broadband and fast-action microwave spectrometer realizing proposed method.
Patent RU-94045659-A (RU)
Inventor: GARANIN A F
IPC: A62D5/00
Filed: 1994-12-16
Abstract: FIELD: composites. SUBSTANCE: material possesses elevated resistance to direct rupture and multiple cyclic loadings typical of materials designed for human skin protection owing to three-layer construction with outer layers made from continuous polyethylene or polyurethane film and inner layer from perforated polyethyleneterephthalate film at layers' ratio (0.2-1.5) : 1 : (0.2-1.5). EFFECT: achieved high performance of material. 6 cl, 1 tbl
Patent RU-95101543-A (RU)
Inventor: SHATALOV G V
IPC: C07D227/087
Filed: 1995-02-01
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention describes N-($$$-butoxyethyl)caprolactam which is useful in the synthesis of $$$-vinylcaprolactam polymerization monomer. The claimed process is based on reaction of caprolactam with vinyl butyl ether in the presence of caprolactam-hydrogen chloride adduct. Reaction is carried out both in organic solvent or without it, and temperature is maintained within 75-85 C. The resulting product is recovered by vacuum rectification. EFFECT: more efficient preparation process.
Patent RU-95102726-A (RU)
Inventor: KOVAL V P
IPC: B05B1/34
Filed: 1995-02-24
Abstract: FIELD: metallurgical industry. SUBSTANCE: nozzle can be used in water-cooling towers in circulation water supply systems of metallurgical plants. Improvement of centrifugal nozzle for cooling of liquid for high efficiency and better operational reliability is achieved provision of a centrifugal nozzle with cylindrical chamber having tangential inlet passage, and injector. Located opposite to injector are bush and bladed wheel. Bush is provided with central support with axle and it is stationary fixed in chamber, and blades of bush are located in chamber space. Bladed wheel is provided with inner and outer blades and it is axle-mounted for rotation. EFFECT: high efficiency. 1 cl, 3 dwg
Patent RU-95103976-A (RU)
Inventor: FRANSUA FEHVR
IPC: G08G5/02
Filed: 1995-03-20
Abstract: FIELD: navigational aids. SUBSTANCE: gear is related to devices to prevent collisions of flying vehicles, predominantly during landing by control of angle of inclination of trajectory while approaching for landing. Gear includes system 21 for location of position of flying vehicle, data base 22, first comparator 23, device 24 determining point of touchdown on runway, device 25 calculating vector of real inclination of trajectory of flying vehicle, device 26 determining vector of theoretical inclination of trajectory of flying vehicle and comparator 27 of two inclination vectors. Gear can be used for real realization of stage of landing approach of airliners. EFFECT: improved safety of landing of flying vehicles. 1 dwg
Patent RU-95105036-A (RU)
Inventor: FILIPPJUK A N
IPC: B65H54/28
Filed: 1995-04-04
Abstract: FIELD: textile industry. SUBSTANCE: device is simple in design, small in size versatile in application. It improves quality of forming reel end faces, regulates tightness of thread winding and width of winding, improves reliability and service life. Device has slide member with slot and lever-crank with roller. Slot is located at angle of other than 90 degrees with respect to slide member moving trajectory. Slot is of special shape. Slot incline angle and length of lever-crank are adjustable. EFFECT: high efficiency.
Patent RU-95107076-A (RU)
Inventor: KORZHIKOV A V
IPC: F02B55/00
Filed: 1995-05-04
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: single- stroke internal combustion of engine of first design version has working medium source and working member consisting of housing with expansion chamber and working medium inlet and outlet channels, and rotor with combustion chambers and movable blades. Degree of subsequent expansion of working medium is considerably higher than degree of compression, working member does only useful work, and heat supply to working medium is carried out according to isochore. Single stroke internal combustion engine of second design version differs from that described above in that combustion chamber is brought out of the limits of working member, and heat supply to working member is carried out according to isobar. EFFECT: enlarged operation capabilities.