baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-807452-A (GB)
Title: Surface-modified silica products
IPC: C07F7/04
Filed: 1955-05-06
Abstract: Hydrated silica, polysilicic acid, or partially dehydrated silicic acid having an acid number, as defined, of at least 0.85 but below 5 is coated with an organic silicate having at least two alkoxy-, aryloxy-, aralkoxy-, or alkaryloxy-groups, or at least one each of two such groups and having the silicon atom thereof attached to at least one other oxygen atom, and is simutaneously or subsequently comminuted.  The silica should contain 1000 or more silanol groups, and have an acid number below 3, surface area 80-600 sq. m./grm. and bulk density less than 10 lbs./cu. ft. The silica may be an aerogel prepared by adding aqueous sodium silicate, with stirring, to aqueous sulphuric acid, cooling the resulting hydrosol to 50 DEG  C., adjusting the pH to 5, breaking up the resulting gel, filtering, washing, and drying.  The silica may be immersed in an anhydrous solution of the silicate and comminuted in an air grinding mill, or freshly prepared aerogel before removal from the autoclave may be treated with vapour of a silicate, a spray of silicate, or a spray of silicate solution and then comminuted.  Alternatively, silica aerogel undergoing comminution in an air grinding mill at 100-200 DEG  C. may be subjected to the action of silicate vapour, or a spray of silicate, or of a solution thereof.  The silica particles, carrying a coating 2-35 per cent of silicate, and comminuted to size 0.01-15 microns are hydrophilic, partially, or completely, hydrophobic, and non-organophilic, or organophilic, depending on the amount of silicate.  The surface film appears to be a polymer of the silicate held by reaction with the silanol groups.  The properties of the coated silica are improved by ageing at room temperature, or by heating under atmospheric or sub-atmospheric pressure to 80-300 DEG C. for 5 mins.-24 hours.  The organic silicates are of general formula <FORM:0807452/III/1> where R are alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl groups and x is 1-20, e.g. tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetrabutyl-, tetrapropyl-, tetrabenzyl-, or tetraphenyl-orthosilicates, or polymers thereof, or alkyl esters of tetrasilicic, metadisilicic, or metatrisilicic acids.  The coated silica may be used as flatting agents in lacquers and as oil thickeners.  Specifications 649,896, 654,850 and 807,453 are referred to.
Patent GB-132722-A (GB)
IPC: A01B1/02
Abstract: 132,722. Hanff, E. March 14, 1919. Spades, shovels, and scoops; planting-tools.- Spades, trowels, &c. are provided with a strengthening-piece or lip b which protects the edge of the blade from too rapid wear. It lies along the edge on the underside of the blade a, the upper face of which is plane. The lip may be made integral with the blade during the course of manufacture, or may be formed as a separate piece and secured thereto by welding &c.
Patent GB-899806-A (GB)
Title: Feeding means for continuous stationery webs
Inventor: TONKS GEORGE HARRY
Filed: 1959-04-18
Abstract: 899,806. Typewriters &c. GRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Ltd. May 19, 1960 [April 18, 1959], No. 13287/59. Class 100(4) Apparatus for feeding continuous webs of stationery through a typewriter or like machine comprises tractor pin feed units 12 feeding the webs away from the platen and a tray 22 for a paper pack 19 the webs of which are interleaved with carbon transfer webs released at a slower speed from spools 17. The arrangement is such that the pack 19 is supported with its top surface inclined to the horizontal and preferably the webs leave the tray over a roller 33 at its rear top edge. The webs leaving the machine may be passed over a further roller 31 and then be guided back over the roller 33 to contact the webs leaving the tray. The various parts are mounted between side plates 15 connected to a part 10 of the machine and may be readily detachable as by U-shaped brackets 28, 29 engaging tie rods 16.
Patent GB-133001-A (GB)
IPC: E21B10/36
Abstract: 133,001. Yule, J. A. May 19, 1919. Percussive drills are made of layers of different hardness electrically welded together so that they keep sharp in use. Plates t of tool steel are welded to layers m of mild steel preferably of expanded, pierced, serrated, indented, or other denuded section. The mild steel may be rolled to the required section and cut to length or dropforged. The mild-steel layers are allowed to project beyond the tool steel so that they can be electrically welded to, or drawn down to form, a shank. Water channels a may be left. The bit may be heat treated and air cooled to harden the plates t and leave the layers m soft.
Patent GB-495327-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to automatic slack adjusting devices for braking apparatus
IPC: B61H15/00
Filed: 1937-05-10
Abstract: 495,327. Compensating for wear in brakes. KERSHAW, A. G., LEECH, K. H., and WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE & SIGNAL CO., Ltd. May 10, 1937, No. 13304. [Class 103 (i)] In automatic slack adjusting devices of the kind comprising screw-and-nut mechanism operated by a unidirectional clutch device and in which the clutch can be disengaged to permit manual re-setting of the device means are provided for re-engaging the clutch automatically by movement of a part of the device in effecting an application of the brakes. The screwed rod 1 is connected at the end 1a by rigging to the brake blocks and the nut 3 is secured to a tubular shaft 6 which abuts by a shoulder 7 on a corresponding shoulder within the body part 8 connected at 11 to a brake operating lever. A tubular member 15 rotatable on a bearing 12 has on its end face ratchet teeth for engagement with similar teeth on the end face of the shaft 6. The member 15 is splined to an arm 23 which is linked to the brake operating piston so that it is rocked during a brake operation. If during a brake application the movement of the arm is sufficient, the member 15 is turned to the extent of a tooth and the shaft 6 is turned during the release movement causing the rod 1 to .screw into the nut 3 and the shaft. A non-rotatable locking detent 18 for the shaft 6, mounted on the member 15 has ratchet teeth on its end face engaging the teeth on the shaft. The members 15, 18 can be disengaged from the shaft to permit re-setting of the adjuster, by turning a cam 26 mounted in the part 8 and comprising a cylindrical part with a cut-away end 29. If the cam lever 27 is inadvertently left in the broken line position, Fig. 2, in which the members are disengaged it is returned to the normal full-line position by the engagement therewith of a projection 31 on the arm 23 upon a subsequent application of the brakes. The relative position of discs 24, 25 secured to the rod 1 and shaft 6 indicates the extent of slack that has been taken up and the disc 24 also serves for rotating the nut 3 in re-setting the device.
Patent GB-877157-A (GB)
Title: Hardened steel impact or striking tool having a cutting edge or tips
IPC: B25D3/00
Filed: 1959-04-20
Abstract: 877,157. Chisels: centre punches. DOERING, E. April 20, 1959 [April 18, 1958], No. 13321/59. Class 61. A striking tool of hardened steel such as a chisel, punch, centre punch comprises a thin walled steel core of high grade material over its entire length and a sleeve of relatively low grade material encasing the core from the striking head thereof as far as the cutting edge or tip. As shown the core 1 comprises a thin walled cross portion 2 in the centre of which ribs 4 are provided on both sides of the cutting plane 3, narrow ribs 5 being provided at the ends. The core is ground as a chisel with its cutting edge in or parallel to the plane 3 or alternatively with its cutting edge in or parallel to the plane centrally cutting the ribs 4. The core is encased in a sleeve 6 of synthetic resin, light alloy metal or other impact resistant material. The striking head 7 of the core portion is ground free of the sleeve and the cutting portion exposed from the sleeve along the grinding faces 8, 9. The core may be of rectangular or X or H -form in cross section or of double convex form having off-set convex portions. The sleeve may be oval, circular, hexagonal or octagonal in cross-section.
Patent GB-529905-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric relays for polyphase currents
IPC: H02H3/34
Filed: 1939-05-04
Abstract: 529,905. Induction relays. REYROLLE & CO., Ltd., A., LEYBURN, H., MILLS, J. A. W., YOUNG, A. F. B., and SMAIL, G. G. May 4, 1939, No. 13327. [Class 38 (v)] In a relay responsive to lack of balance between the several phases of a polyphase system a moving part is subjected to two opposed forces, one force consisting of the sum of forces due to the individual phase currents and produced by magnetic systems including for each phase a magnetic circuit which does not pass through the windings of the other phases and the other force depending on the resultant positive phase sequence component of the polyphase current. In the form shown, the three phases of a threephase system supply current to three electromagnets A with shaded poles acting on a disc B, the effect of the poles being cumulative and tending to rotate the disc B one way. The three phases also energize the three poles E' of the stator of an induction motor, the rotating field they produce tending to rotate the rotor D in the opposite direction to the disc B. The disc B and rotor D are mounted on the same spindle C which is also influenced by a biassing spring G. With sufficient lack of phase balance contacts F are closed energizing a relay P which operates a circuit-breaker N. In a modification, Fig. 3, the two forces are both produced by the same magnetic system, which consists of three magnets K acting on a specially shaped disc L. The magnets K produce a rotary field tending to rotate the disc L one way and each pole tends individually to repel the points L<1> the other way.
Patent GB-1328122-A (GB)
Title: Optical display system
IPC: G06V10/28
Filed: 1970-06-23
Abstract: 1328122 Image analysing BAUSCH & LOMB Inc 23 June 1970 [23 June 1969] 13327/73 Divided out of 1328121 Heading G4D The present Specification relates to the optical display system employed by the image analysing system of the main Specification. The images of the particles are displayed on a television monitor tube; a position sensor can be pointed at the particular particle image to be identified and it generates an identifying signal which is fed back to the monitor to modify the intensity of the border of the image concerned. The position sensor comprises a light pen with a photo-electric cell which picks up short lengths of several lines of the raster on the monitor screen. The picked up signal is then converted to an arrowhead shaped figure which is displayed on the screen beneath the tip of the light pen. To select a particular particle the light pen is moved to bring the arrowhead into contact with the top right hand corner of the selected image. When the circuits detect that pulses of the binary signal and from the light pen are coincident the binary signal is gated into a measurement circuit; by a delay circuit the gate is closed for almost one line scan following each intercept so that only the portions of the signal representing the selected particle pass the gate. The sequence of pulses representing the selected particle are differentiated and fed back to the television monitor tube so as to brighten up the border of the image thereof. By suitable switching only the leading or trailing edges of the image may be brightened.
Patent GB-798339-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to planographic printing
IPC: B41M1/06
Filed: 1956-05-01
Abstract: 798,339. Printing surfaces; printing processes. LARSEN C. E. May 1, 1956 [July 22, 1955], No. 13336/56..Class 100(2) A method of control applicable to planographic printing of the kind in which the printing plate is secured around a printing cylinder of a machine equipped with inking and damping rollers, comprises forming an electrically insulating barrier in the electrical path from the printing plate through the frame of the printing machine to the inking roller, measuring the electrical potential across the barrier and keeping the electrical potential across the barrier substantially constant. The potential is measured by means of contacts running on rings on the shaft of the printing cylinder, the rings being electrically connected to the shaft of the printing cylinder and to the printing plate respectively. Any detected variation in electric potential is corrected either by altering the composition of the damping fluid or renewing the ink, or by artificially restoring the potential by means of an accumulator connected via an adjustable potentiometer with the rings. The plate may be insulated from the machine frame by interposing an insulating material 8 between the plate 3 and the cylinder 1 (Fig. 1). The plate is strained around the cylinder 1 by clamps 4, 5 attached to the cylinder 1 by bolts 7, the insulating material 8 being wrapped around the. ends of the plate so as to insulate the latter also from the clamps 4, 5. Alternatively (Fig. 2) the plate 3 may be provided with a coating 10 of an insulating material. The plate is held on the cylinder by cooperation of holes 18, 19 with pins 11, 12, the pins 11 being provided on the cylinder and the pins 12 being provided on a frame 13 pivoted to the cylinder 1. As a further alternative the cylinder 1 may be made of insulating material or otherwise insulated from its shaft 21.
Patent GB-160097-A (GB)
Title: A new or improved friction clutch
IPC: F16D13/12
Filed: 1920-05-15
Abstract: 160,097. Beaumont, J. H., (Gianque & Haesler). May 15, 1920. Clutches, friction.-In friction clutches of the type in which a band is expanded into engagement with a drum by the mutual approach of two bevelled discs, the axial movement of which is derived from the relative rotation of sleeves engaging together by cam-surfaces, these sleeves are mounted on two other sleeves, which pass one within the other and are respectively secured to the two discs. In one form, the relative rotation of the cam-sleeves is effected by axial movement of a wedge-member. A sleeve f integral with the disc e carries an axially adjustable abutment g, against which lies a ring h, rotatably mounted on the sleeve, and formed with two extensions h<1>, the inclined faces of which engage with cam-surfaces provided on a ring i rotatably mounted on a sleeve integral with the disc d. One of the cam-surfaces terminates at its inner extremity in a recess, into which a wedge k integral with a sliding collar l may be thrust, so that relative rotation is caused between the parts h, i, which separate, and bring together the bevelled discs d, e to expand the band c. When, due to wear of the parts, the entire width of the wedge k is taken up, the rings may be reset closer by screwing up the nut g.
Patent GB-588104-A (GB)
Title: Steroid degradation products and method of their production and use
IPC: C07J75/00
Filed: 1944-07-13
Abstract: Compounds of the cyclopentanophenanthrene series which have a side chain attached to the 17-position are degraded by oxidation with chromium oxychloride characterised in that the chromium oxychloride is applied either in the form of its vapour or in solution in a nonpolar solvent.  Application of the chromium oxychloride in this form results first in the formation of an additive compound of the sterol and the chromium oxychloride which is then broken down, preferably by decomposition with water.  The extent of degradation of the side chain is regulated by the method of application of the chromium oxychloride as well as by the method of decomposition of the addition compound.  The use of a solution of chromium oxychloride is much more effective than its use in vapour form.  In examples: (1) cholesterol dibromide is treated with chromium oxychloride vapour, and the addition product poured into water.  The unchanged cholesterol remains undissolved and the degradation products go into solution.  Progesterone is formed as one of the degradation products; (2) as in example (1) using a modified procedure, and also including the use of glacial acetic acid as decomposing agent; (3) as in example (1) but using cholesterol acetate dibromide as starting material and obtaining pregnenolone acetate as the product; (4) cholesterol acetate dibromide is treated with a chloroform or carbon tetrachloride solution of chromium oxychloride to give dehydroandrosterone and androstendione.  Specification 449,379 is referred to.
Patent GB-1533191-A (GB)
Title: Pressure-sensitive semiconductor bodies and pressure-sensitive devices including such bodies
IPC: G01L9/00
Filed: 1977-03-30
Abstract: 1533191 Semiconductor transducers GOSUDAR N-I I PROEKT INST REDKOMETALLICHE PROMYSHLENNOSTI GIREDMET 30 March 1977 13464/77 Heading H1K A pressure sensitive semiconductor device comprises two sets of superposed layers of semiconductor material of the type AB 1-x C x  formed from two materials, one having a direct and the other an indirect forbidden conduction band, the mean value of x for the two sets of layers being different, and A being a III or V element and B and C being V or III elements. In the examples described, direct forbidden band materials are GaAs and InP, and indirect forbidden band materials are GaP and AlAs. The resulting semiconductor layer material may be GaAs 1-x P x , AsGa 1-x Al x  and InP 1-x Ga x . The value of x across the layer thickness may be constant or sinusoidally varying.
Patent GB-1000644-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to resilient sealing means for fluid valves
Inventor: VARGA OTTO HERMAN
IPC: F16K1/46
Filed: 1963-04-04
Abstract: 1,000,644. Valves. SEETRU Ltd. April 4, 1963, No. 13468/63. Heading F2V. In valves having a resilient, e.g. rubber, lipped sealing ring disposed within a groove of a closure member or seat, fluid venting means is provided by metal-to-metal abutting surfaces leading from the base of the groove to atmosphere or to the downstream side of the valve. Upon metal to metal contact of seat 80 and the closure, the double lipped ring 6 (Fig. 4) within groove 5 in either the seat 80 or the closure member is urged by fluid pressure towards the undercut groove wall 5 on the downstream side of the valve and thereby seals against fluid flow. Firm sealing engagement is ensured by venting through the abutting metal surfaces 4 which are left with high spots or deliberately roughened by filing or machining. Sealing against unidirectional flow is provided by a single lipped ring 22 within groove 23 and pressed into sealing engagement by fluid pressure through apertures 39. The ring 22 is vented through the metal to metal contact 24 and via annular chamber 36 and further metal to metal contact passages 37 and 38. The base of the grooves against which the lip of the sealing rings lie may be cylindrical, conical or flat annular in transverse cross-section. The venting means may also lead from a small annular depression in the base of the groove. In a further embodiment, additional leakage is provided through a porous bronze washer abutted on either side by solid metal surfaces. Specifications 826,936, 899,283 and 985,805 are referred to.
Patent GB-566840-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gyratory crushers and wearing member therefor
IPC: B02C2/00
Filed: 1943-08-20
Abstract: 566,840. Gyratory crushers. CROSS, E. J. (Nordberg Manufacturing Co.). Aug. 20, 1943, No. 13597. [Class 59] The bowl liner and mantle, made of manganese steel or similar material, have integral, lateral screw threads. The mantle 6 has a top thread 7 engaged by a locking sleeve 9 mounted on the stem 5 and secured by a wedge 10 secured, in turn, by a cross screw 11. Soft metal packing such as zinc 14 is provided between the outer face of the head 1 and inner face of the mantle. The crushing bowl 15 is provided with inwardly-directed vertical ribs 18 and a conical inner wall 17 on the horizontal face 19 of which is a locking nut 20 for engaging a thread 30 on the liner 23. A cavity is' formed for the reception of zinc or other packing metal 28, relative rotation being prevented as by depressions in the liner. The looking nut 20 is provided with sledging lugs 22 by which it is tightened, a locking ring 40 being provided which is notched on its inner and outer edges to engage the lugs 22 and ribs 18 respectively. The thread 30 may be divided into segments by notches.
Patent GB-247807-A (GB)
Title: An improved electrical fuse holder
IPC: H01H85/26
Filed: 1925-05-26
Abstract: 247,807. McCarthy, H. J. May 26, 1925. Fusible cut-outs.-A magazine fuze holder comprises a cylindrical insulator 1 mounted on spindles 8, 10 for rotation in metal brackets 2, 3 secured to a base 4. The circuit is from terminal 5, through a spring 14 which engages one of a number of contacts 11 positioned on one end of the insulator 1, through a fuse wire 12 located in a longitudinal aperture 15, and secured to a common metal plate 7 at the lower end of the insulator 1, and thence by spindle 8 and bracket 3 to a terminal 6.
Patent GB-439461-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric welding systems
IPC: B23K9/10
Filed: 1935-05-10
Abstract: 439,461. Control systems for welding- arcs; regulating dynamos. BRITISH THOMSON - HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London. May 10, 1935, No. 13797. Convention date, May 10, 1934. [Classes 35 and 38 (iv)] [See also Group XXXVIII] The voltage or other characteristic of a source of welding current is adjusted by means energized through the welding circuit in accordance with its impedance, means being provided in association with the circuit whereby this impedance may be varied. The invention is described in a system using a D.C. generator, as set forth in Specification 159,374, [Class 35], giving constant voltage between a main brush and an auxiliary brush, the voltage between the auxiliary brush and the other main brush changing in value and direction in accordance with the arc condition ; it may, however, be used with any type of generator. The arc circuit conductor 11 includes the coils of two relays 20, 21, responsive respectively to a low current value and to a higher one, and also the actuating coil 23 of a switch 22, responsive to load current. The lower current values are determined by suitable impedances in series with terminals 18, 19 and the electrode 15 respectively. The relay 20 is caused to close more slowly than switch 23, and when operated the last closes an auxiliary switch 25 to short circuit the relay coils 20, 21. In operation the generator volts may be changed in one or other direction by touching the terminal 18 or 19 on the work 16, thus energizing one or both relays 20, 21 to close alternative circuits through limit switches 41, 46 and a motor 36 which adjusts the excitation of the generator 10 in the appropriate direction. When the arc is struck the switch 23 closes, voltage adjustment is prevented by the auxiliary switch 25 and the holding coil 24 maintains the arc circuit. The transformer action between coils 23, 24 prevents the switch 22 from opening when the electrode is removed from the work for short intervals. The impedances in circuit with the terminals 18, 19 may be arranged in association with fixed terminals 50, 51 on a control board, with which terminals the electrode 15 may be engaged, and an indicating instrument 52 showing the amount and sense of generator voltage adjustment may be provided. The method of excitation adjustment shown comprises a shunt field rheostat 31 which is geared by a Geneva stop to a commutator switch 34, the segments of which are connected to tappings on a series field winding so that when the rheostat is about to pass directly from a maximum field position to a minimum field position an additional section of series field is included in circuit and a long range of excitation adjustment is provided.