Patent GB-357551-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of artificial threads and other materials from cellulose compounds
IPC: C08B13/02
Filed: 1930-03-15
Abstract: Artificial threads, films, and other products are obtained by acting upon a cellulose derivative containing one or more CSS - groups with a reagent which has a tendency to react with a compound containing a hydroxyl group so as to cause introduction of an organic group of radical in place of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl, whereby one or more of the hydroxyl groups of the original cellulose, not already substituted by the CSS - group, is occupied or blocked, as a result of the action, by an organic group or groups.  The compound obtained is brought into the appropriate shape or form and acted upon with an agent which has a coagulating effect on the shaped material.  Any coagulating bath known in the viscose art may be employed and to the bath proteins, polysaccharides, or degradation products thereof, natural or synthetic tanning agents may be added.  As reagents which are to react with viscose, the use of halogen fatty acids, trithiocarbonic esters, and substances providing one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, oxyalkyl, or hydroxyalkyl groups, is excluded.  The following reagents may be used:-Halogenolefines, halogen alkyl- or aralkyl-amines, halogen derivatives of aldehydes or ketones, acid halides such as benzoyl halides, hydrocarbon sulphochlorides such as o- or p-toluene sulphochloride, naphthalene sulphochloride, quinoline sulphochloride, halogen derivatives of substituted chlorphenol ethers such as chloranisols, halogenated amino-phenol ethers such as chlor-anisidine or derivatives thereof, halogenated pseudo-phenols, methylene quinones and quinols such as o-oxymesityl chloride or piperonyl chloride, sulphochlorides of tertiary amines, sulphochlorides of salicylic acid and chloro- and nitro-derivatives thereof, and mono-sulphonamides derived from disulpho-chlorides, and aromatic hydrocarbons, xanthic acid esters, halogenated aromatic monocarboxylic acids, halogen derivatives of cyanogen such as cyanogen halides, or cyanuric halides, halogen derivatives of nitrobenzene, diazonium salts, urea halides, alkyl-, phenyl-, and phenyl alkyl-urea halides, phenyl halogen fatty acids such as phenylchloracetic acid, or phenylchlorpropionic acid, phenylchlor-lactic or oxypropionic acid, halogen derivatives of heterocyclic compounds such as pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline and their homologues, halogenated phenyl olefine alcohols or oxyphenyl olefine alcohols such as cinnamic alcohol dibromide, halogen derivatives of olefine benzene such as o -chlorstyrol, or dichlorstyrol, halogen derivatives of phenyl glycols or phenyl glycerine such as b -phenyl-propylene-glycol-a -chlorhydrin, or benzyl glycol chlorhydrin, or styrol dichloride, phenyl alkylene oxides such as phenyl ethylene oxide or phenyl propylene oxide, phenyl acetylene. In examples viscose is mixed with acetylene dichloride, tri- or tetrachlorethylene, vinyl chloride, allyl chloride, a -g -dichlorpropylene, dichloracetaldehyde, chloracetone, brompinacoline, a - or b - chlor- or brom-propylamine hydrochloride or hydrobromide, bromethylamine hydrobromide. Bromine or iodine derivatives may be used instead of chlorine derivatives.  Thorough and prolonged stirring of the reacting mixtures of viscose and the substances added to it is recommended. The compounds produced are spun into dilute sulphuric acid, or ammonium sulphate, or dilute sulphuric acid with dissolved glucose and sodium, ammonium, and zinc salts.  In the production of artificial threads high spinning speeds may be employed and additional stretching may take place between the spinning bath and the winding bobbin.  This may be effected by passing the threads over differential rollers or over glass rods placed angularly to one another.  Cotton material may be impregnated or coated on a padding, backfilling, or spreading machine with a solution of viscose and one of the reagents specified, and to the solution, talc, china clay, mica or lampblack may be added.  The material may first be dried or passed directly, if desired under tension, through a coagulating liquid.  It is then washed and dried. One of the Provisional Specifications refers also to the addition of inorganic esters of monovalent alcohols or halogen derivatives of ethers of monovalent alcohols to viscose.  The Provisional Specifications refer also to the employment of baths having a plasticizing effect on the freshly coagulated material. Specifications 335,906, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], and 357,526 are referred to.