Patent GB-986591-A (GB)
Title: Separative process
IPC: C02F1/42
Filed: 1963-06-07
Abstract: A process for removing an organic anionic surfactant from an aqueous solution thereof which comprises contacting the aqueous solution of an organic anionic surfactant with a solution of an oil-soluble organo-nitrogen compound in a water-immiscible organic solvent having a density less than the aqueous solution, passing a substantially inert gas through both solutions while the solutions are in contact, and separating the resulting solutions. The preferred organo-nitrogen compounds are secondary amines.  Stripping solutions to remove the mixture of surfactant and treatment material from the organic phase include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, soda lime, ammonium hydroxide - ammonium chloride buffer, sodium carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium biphosphate buffer, ammonium acetate, sodium bicarbonate - sodium chloride mixture, methylamine, sodium perchlorate, calcium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid.  Emulsion formation can be countered by the addition of small amounts of additives such as isopropyl alcohol, n-decyl alcohol, dodecyl phenol silicone fluids as well as the solid stripping agents of a caustic nature such as sodium calcium and barium hydroxides and soda lime.  The pH and the temperature of the solution may also be varied.  The gaseous materials include air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, 1,2 - dichloro - 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethane, and perflurocyclobutene. Suitable solvents include isooctane, kerosene, "Soltrol 170," a commercially available naphthenic hydrocarbon solvent, benzene, toluene, xylene, isodecane, fuel oils, mineral oils, hexane, heptane, and octane.  Calcium, iron, strontium, barium, magnesium, aluminium and copper may be complexed or chelated with appropriate surfactants and may be extracted by the process of the invention.  Specification 974,211 is referred to.ALSO:A process for removing an organic anionic surfactant from an aqueous solution thereof which comprises contacting the aqueous solution of an organic anionic surfactant with a solution of an oil soluble organic nitrogen compound in a water-immiscible organic solvent having a density less than the aqueous solution, passing a substantially inert gas through both solutions while the solutions are in contact, and separating the resulting solutions. The preferred organic nitrogen compounds are secondary amines though primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary ammonium compounds may be used. Exemplified compounds include lauryl amine, myristyl amine, palmityl amine, stearyl amine, oleyl amine, linoleyl amine, laurylmethyl amine, myristylmethyl amine, palmitylmethyl amine, stearlymethyl amine, oleylmethyl amine, linoleylmethyl amine, dilauryl amine, dimyristyl amine, dipalmityl amine, distearyl amine, dioleyl amine, dilinoleyl amine, trilauryl amine, trioctyl amine, dilaurylmethyl amine, distearylmethyl amine, dioctyl amine, dibenzyl amine, diisoctyl amine, benzyllauryl amine, 3-phenylpropyltetradecyl amine, trioctyl amine, triiosoctyl amine, benzyldilauryl amine, dibenzylmethyl amine, b -hydroxyethyldilaryl amine, b -hydroxydodecyl dinonyl amine, decylpiperidine, lauryl morpholine, octadecyl morpholine, lauryltrimethyl ammonium chloride, myristyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, palmityltrimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyltrimethyl ammonium chloride oleyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, linoleyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, dilaryldimethyl ammonium chloride, dimyristyldimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmityldimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyldimethyl ammonium chloride, dioleyldimethyl ammonium chloride, dilinoleyldimethyl ammonium chloride, trilaurylmethyl ammonium chloride, trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride, tridecylmethyl ammonium chloride, stearylbenzylmethyl ammonium chloride, N-trimethyl-N1-dimethyllauryl propylene diammonium dichloride, N - trimethyl - N1 - dimethyl - tallow propylene diammonium dichloride, bis-(1-isobutyl - 3,5 - dimethylhexyl) amine, bis - (3,5,7-trimethyl octyl) amine, 6-benzylamino-3,9-diethyl tridecane and N-lauryl-1,3-propylene diamine.  Other exemplified materials are hydroxy fatty nitrogen compounds, specific examples being 9 - dimethylamino - 10 - hydroxystearonitrile, 9 - anilino - 10 - hydroxystearonitrile, 9 - morpholino - 10 - hydroxystearonitrile, 10 - dodecylamino - 9 - hydroxystearonitrile, 10 - meta - aminophenyl - amino - 9 - hydroxystearonitrile, 9 - diethanolamino - 10 - hydroxystearyl amine, 10 - b  - aminoethyl-amino - 9 - hydroxystearyl amine, 9 - dodecylamine - 10 - hydroxystearylamine, 9 - (b -cyanoethyl) - amino - 10 - hydroxystearonitrile, 10-N-(b  - cyanoethyl) - dodecylamino - 9 - hydroxy - stearonitrile, 9 - (gamma-aminopropyl) - methyl-amino - 10 - hydroxystearylamine, 9 - (gamma-aminopropyl) - anilino - 10 - hydroxystearylamine, 9 - morpholino - 10 - hydroxystearylmorpholine, 9 - dimethyl amino - 10 - hydroxystearyldimethyl amine, 1,9 - di(trimethyl ammonium) - 10 - hydroxyoctadecane dichloride, 1,9 - di - (dimethylbenzyl ammonium)-10-hydroxyoctadecane dichloride, 1,9-di-(benzylmorpholinium) - 1, 10 - hydroxyoctadecane dichloride, 1,9 - di - (trimethyl ammonium) - 9 - hydroxyoctadecane dimethyl sulfate, 1,9 - ditrimethyl ammonium - 10 - hydroxyoctadecane dibromide, 1-cyano-9-(trimethyl-ammonium)-10 - hydroxyheptadecane chloride, 1 - cyano-10 - (N - methylmorpholinium) - 9 - hydroxy-heptadecane chloride, and 1 - cyano - 9 - (trimethyl ammonium) - 10 - hydroxyheptadecane methyl sulfate.  Anionic surfactants which are removed by the process of the present application include alkyl aryl sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium xylene sulfonate; sulfonated glycerines; alkyl phosphates; the alkyl alcohol sulfates, such as sodium lauryl sulfate; soaps, such as, sodium stearate; the b -alanines and other fatty amino acids and derivatives thereof such as sodium N - lauryl - b  - aminopropionate, disodium N-tallow - b  - imino dipropionate, N - lauryl - b  - aminopropionic acid and the partial sodium salt of N-lauryl-b -imino dipropionate; diisobutyl sodium sulfosuccinate; alkyl naphthalene sodium sulfonates; sulfonated castor oil; sulfonated tall oil; sulfonated petroleum residuals; salts of sulfated fatty acid esters; perfluro caprylic acid; sodium ligno sulfonate; sodium lauryl sulfoacetate; tetra sodium ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid; sodium salts of alkyl aryl polyether sulfonates; ammonium salts of sulfate esters of alkyl phenoxy polyethanols; polyoxyethylene sorbitan tall oil ester; sodium methyl oleyl taurate; sodium salt of a sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate; terpene fatty acid salt complexes; triethanolamine alkyl aryl sulfonates; ammonium tridecyl benzene sulfonate; fatty carboxylic acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, stearic, oleic and palmitic acids; glycerides; uric acid; pyrrolidone carboxylic acid; sodium acetyl salicylic acid; chlorocrotonic acid; undecylenic acid; sorbic acid; citraconic acid; acrylic acid and citric acid.  Stripping solutions to remove the mixture of surfactant and treatment material include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, soda lime, ammonium hydroxide-ammonium chloride buffer, sodium carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium biphosphate buffer, ammonium acetate, sodium bicarbonate-sodium chloride mixture, methylamine, sodium perchlorate, calcium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid. Emulsion formation can be countered by the addition of small amounts of additives such as isopropyl alcohol, n-decyl alcohol, dodecyl phenol, silicone fluids as well as the solid stripping agents of a caustic nature such as sodium calcium and barium hydroxides and soda lime. The pH and the temperature of the solution may also be varied. The gaseous materials include air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, 1,2 - dichloro - 1,1,2,2 - tetrafluorethane, and perfluorocyclobutene.  Suitable organic solvents include isooctane, kerosene, "Soltrol 170," a commercially available naphthenic hydrocarbon solvent, benzene, toluene, xylene, isodecane, fuel oils, mineral oils, hexane, heptane, and octane.  Specification 974,211 is referred to.